UCSB
 
 CASTLE, DENBIGH. 
 (The Hirtkiitace of Henry if. Stun!,-;/.) 
 
 BOWLIXfi OREEN, DKXBKiH 
 (Wherr Jnhn Italian! mat mirtn
 
 HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 f 
 
 THE STORY OF HIS LIFE 
 
 FROM 
 
 HIS BIRTH IN 1841 TO HIS DISCOVERY OF 
 LIVINGSTONE, 1871. 
 
 BY 
 
 CADWALADER ROWLANDS. 
 
 Portrait of Mr. Stanley, 1866. 
 
 We desire to do honour to his energy, courage, and pluck." 
 
 Sir Henry Rawlinson. 
 
 ttt) Numerous Illustrations. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 & 75, PICCADILLY. 
 
 (All Rigkts Reserved.)
 
 AMONG the many unexpected incidents attending 
 
 the return to this country of Mr. Henry M. Stanley, 
 
 none will have amused him more than the very 
 
 different accounts of his birth and early life which 
 
 have appeared in the London and New York journals. 
 
 Our Illustrated London News, which hinted that 
 
 it had received the information direct from the great 
 
 traveller himself, says : 
 
 Stanley is a Missourian, 28 years of age, who was one 
 of the correspondents of the New York Herald in the 
 American Civil War. 
 
 A second weekly paper, equally eminent with the 
 one just quoted, also gave its readers to understand 
 that it had obtained its intelligence direct from 
 Mr. Stanley himself, and this journal declared him to 
 he 
 
 an American, a native of the City of New York, in the 
 State of New York, and born in the year 1843. Of a 
 roving disposition, he commenced his travels early. While 
 yet a boy he ran away from school, went to sea, and de- 
 serted his ship in the harbour of Barcelona. In swimming 
 to land lie lost his bundle of clotbes, and was thus 
 obliged to make his way ashore naked. In this condition 
 he was found by a sentry and taken to the castle, where
 
 vi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 s 
 
 lie was allowed to sleep the night 09 some straw. In the 
 morning a captain took pity on him, gave him some clothes, 
 and bade him adios, :i''tcr conducting him through the 
 suburb of Barcelonetta. lie started to Marseilles without a 
 copper in his pocket, and though several times in danger 
 of being imprisoned as a vagabond, continued his journey 
 on foot through Southern Catalonia, and finally arrived at 
 the frontier, sustaining himself by asking alms. In France 
 his forlorn appearance attracted the attention of the police, 
 and at the little town of Narbonne, in the department of 
 the Aude, was apprehended, but after a short detention 
 was released. Having received means from his friends 
 upon arriving at Marseilles, he began his travels in a more 
 respectable fashion, visited almost all the ports of Europe, 
 studying as he travelled the histories of the countries 
 through which he passed. The War of Secession breaking 
 out, he returned to his own country, enlisted as a volunteer, 
 was present at the battles of Fort Donelson, Fort Henry, 
 and Pittsburg Landing. His time being up, he engaged as 
 a newspaper correspondent, and thus witnessed several 
 battles on the Potomac, and the capture of Fort Fisher. 
 Peace having been concluded, Mr. Stanley travelled 
 through the western territories, sometimes as a newspaper 
 correspondent, sometimes taking practical lessons in gold 
 mining. After this tour he set out on his return to his 
 home, built a raft, and with a companion of his own age, 
 floated down the Platte River to the Missouri River, a 
 distance of over 700 miles. Arriving in New York his 
 restlessness induced him to endeavour to proceed across 
 Asia, via Smyrna, with two American friends. After pene- 
 trating 300 miles into the interior, reaching Afiuna-Kara- 
 Hissar, he and his companions were robbed of 6,000 
 dollars by the Koords, and were obliged to go back to 
 Constantinople to get redress, in which they succeeded. 
 Returning again to America, he was engaged by the 
 Missouri Democrat and New York Tribune to follow the 
 Indian Peace Commissions and Hancock's military expedi- 
 tion against the Kiowas and Cheyemes. 
 
 When the Abyssinian campaign began he was engaged 
 by the New fork Herald to follow the British army. 
 Having shown considerable aptitude and energy during
 
 INTRODUCTION. vii 
 
 this campaign, he was requested to proceed to Crete and 
 describe the real state of affairs there during the rebellion. 
 Thence he went to the Spanish Revolution, and when that 
 was terminated was ordered to Egypt to await Dr. Living- 
 stone's arrival, who was then reported as coming home. 
 Getting tired of waiting, in December 1869, he was again 
 sent to Spain to report progress on the Republican revolu- 
 tionists, and on his arrival in Madrid from the siege of 
 Valencia, he received that now famous telegram to " come 
 to Paris" to see Mr. Bennett, the subsequent circumstances 
 of which we now know well. He had first to attend the 
 inauguration of the Suez Canal, go up the Nile, then to 
 Jerusalem, then to Damascus, Smyrna, Constantinople, 
 Crimea, Southern Russia, Ural Mountains, Trebizond, 
 Tifers, through the Caucasus to interview Stoletoff at 
 Bakou, across the Caspian Sea to Krasnavodsk, then 
 through Persia via Teheran, Ispahan, Persepolis, Bushire, 
 Bagdad, Muscat, India, Mauritius, Seychelle, Zanzibar, and 
 thus to Central Africa, happily reaching Ujiji but twenty- 
 five days after Livingstone arrived. Such is the brief 
 story of yet a young life : something approaching to 
 120,000 miles of travel, a distance of nearly five times 
 round the globe, having been accomplished by this most 
 energetic traveller. 
 
 The reader will perceive, when he has read further 
 on, that the latter half of the preceding account is 
 tolerably correct, but that the whole of the first part 
 is apocryphal. 
 
 Then came a New York journal, Harper's Bazaar, 
 which declared Stanley to be 
 
 A native of Missouri and 29 years of age. 
 
 Then there was his own journal, the New York 
 Herald. A Mr. Jones had written to the editor,
 
 viii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 claiming Stanley as a Welshman. The Herald re- 
 plied : 
 
 Mr. Stanley is neither an Ap-Jones nor an Ap-Thomas. 
 Missouri, and not Wales, is his birthplace. 
 
 On July 28th, the same journal, in going over the 
 roll of great African travellers and their nationalities, 
 says : 
 
 The one American is Stanley. 
 
 Hearth and Home was next, and it stated the 
 gallant traveller to be 
 
 A native of Connecticut, who emigrated when young 
 with his family to the Western States. 
 
 A sixth journal said it " knew of a fact that he was 
 born in Louisiana," whilst other papers claimed him 
 for other States. 
 
 Whether Mr. Stanley was struck with the absurdity 
 of these conflicting statements as to his birth-place, or 
 from whatever cause, he has certainly added to the 
 general confusion, and allowed the contention to 
 continue. 
 
 But there are old friends of his, and relatives, 
 who glory in his nationality, and who think that at 
 least a trifle of his lustre may fall upon them. 
 Although in humble circumstances, they assisted him
 
 INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 in early life ; they felt that one day he would be 
 famous, that he would do some great thing : and now 
 they say, " Yr ydyrn yn diolch i Dduw am eich 
 llwyddiant, ond 0! peidiwch gwadn eich cenedloldeb."* 
 
 That Mr. Stanley was born in Denbigh, and resided 
 in its neighbourhood for the first fifteen years of his 
 life, there is the very best proof in the world, that is, 
 if parish registers, sisters, brothers, and a mother may 
 be considered material proof. 
 
 One thing has surprised the present writer, and 
 that is, the unanimous personal feeling of the good 
 people of Denbigh in this matter. They are gratified 
 beyond measure that a townsman should have made 
 for himself a world- wide fame, but they are hurt that 
 their little town should be denied the honour of giving 
 him birth. From morning to night the subject is one 
 of continual conversation there. Every movement of 
 their illustrious townsman is noted in the papers. 
 Whether he has gone to Scotland to meet the Queen, 
 or has accepted an invitation to a City dinner with the 
 Lord Mayor of London, both facts are equally well 
 known at Denbigh a few hours after their publication in 
 London. The people stand about in groups discussing 
 
 * For the benefit of readers outside the Principality I give a rough 
 English translation " We thank God for your great success, but 
 don't, don't deny your nationality .' "
 
 x INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the intelligence. The conversation at all the public 
 houses and in the tradesmen's shops in Vale Street turns 
 upon the one absorbing topic, and it is a curious fact that 
 copies of all the New York papers which have lately 
 been fighting over the veracity of the Livingstone 
 despatches can be readily seen in Denbigh, when it 
 is very difficult indeed to get a sight of them in 
 London. 
 
 The story of Stanley's school-boy days is known 
 not merely to his fellow-townsmen, but to the Mem- 
 bers of Parliament and most of the local dignitaries 
 in North Wales ; and, at the recent Eisteddfod at 
 Portmadoc, the honour to Wales of Stanley's birth 
 was "the principal topic of conversation." 
 
 Apart from the mere nationality of Stanley, it was 
 thought that some account of his earlier adventures 
 and extraordinary expeditions would show the train- 
 ing, the experiences of the man who found Dr 
 Livingstone. 
 
 It is not generally known that Stanley had 
 previously undertaken, and successfully carried out an 
 expedition compared with which the late United 
 States Minister at Constantinople being the witness 
 
 " A journey from Zanzibar to Unyanyembe in 
 the centre of Africa is a safe trip." 
 
 This was a journey from the Mediterranean Sea
 
 INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 through Asia Minor, Persia, and India, right 9n to 
 Bombay, with one solitary attendant ! The general 
 idea is that Mr. Stanley accomplished his wonderful 
 march to Ujiji without previous special training; and 
 so much has this been dwelt upon, that travel in 
 Central Africa is now thought by many to be much 
 easier than professed geographers have stated it to be. 
 
 Another matter, too, is worthy of mention. The 
 New York Herald has at this moment a second 
 Expedition in Africa, proceeding by way of the Nile. 
 In the issue for July 26, 1872, it says, "the Ex- 
 pedition has just been heard from at Khartoum, 
 on its way to tind Sir Samuel Baker and the Stanley 
 Expedition." 
 
 In our book it is stated that a lady residing in 
 Denbigh knows Henry M. Stanley and John Row- 
 lands to be one and the same person. She has re- 
 ceived many letters from Mr. Stanley, the last one 
 bearing the post-mark of Zanzibar, from which town 
 it had been despatched just before the energetic tra- 
 veller started on his remarkable journey to TJjiji. 
 
 I have to express the publisher's and my own 
 obligations to the relatives and friends of Mr. 
 Stanley in Denbigh and its neighbourhood ; also to 
 Captain Thomas, Chairman of the St. Asaph Board 
 of Guardians ; to M. A. Moon, Esq., of Chester,
 
 xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and other gentlemen who have kindly given us 
 valuable information. 
 
 In conclusion, I may be permitted to say that 
 however rugged and unscholarly my narrative may, as 
 a literary performance, be considered, it does not 
 contain a material fact in proof of which I have not 
 good evidence, nor a single line that I believe will 
 give pain to any living person. 
 
 As a native of the Principality, I feel I have done 
 jry duty to the best of my ability. 
 
 Y GWIi; YS liEEYN r BYD. 
 
 LIVERPOOL, 
 
 '15th October, 1S72.
 
 THE STORY OF THE LIFE 
 
 OF 
 
 HENRY M. STANLEY, 
 
 THE DISCOVERER OF DR. LIVINGSTONE. 
 
 V\7HEN it is given to a man to perform some great 
 deed, or do some act by hand or brain which arrests 
 the attention of the civilized world, and elevates its 
 author to a niche among the great ones of his time, 
 his life and actions, within reasonable limits, become 
 public property, because they either help us to under- 
 stand the qualities which have enabled him to rise 
 to distinction, or teach us that lesson old as the 
 history of the human race, yet ever new that cir- 
 cumstances, however humble, form no barrier to the 
 attainment of deserved renown. 
 
 Mr. Stanley must submit with the best grace 
 
 B
 
 14 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 he may to the warm discussion going on among 
 his countrymen, as to his nationality. It is only 
 one of the penalties of greatness, and is the one, in 
 all likelihood, which will afford him most amusement. 
 Dozens, we might almost say hundreds, of Welsh- 
 men have determined that he shall be a countryman, 
 and have accumulated a vast number of facts and 
 incidents in proof of their assertion. As we are inti- 
 mately acquainted with the district which claims him 
 as its own, and many of its inhabitants, we imagine 
 we may serve both parties, and throw oil on the 
 troubled waters, by giving a short narrative of the 
 life and experiences of the Denbigh boy whom they 
 seek to identify with the discoverer of Livingstone. 
 That Mr. Stanley in;ty only be amusing himself at their 
 expense in his off-hand statement made to Mr. Ollivant,* 
 is an explanation of the difficulty they themselves have 
 raised, impossible to the comprehension of these enthu- 
 siastic Celts. 
 
 When we first learned that Mr. Stanley was a nati re- 
 ef Wales, we could not help thinking, that there was 
 a peculiar fitness in the circumstance that Livingstone, 
 
 * A gentleman of this name, residing- at Sale, Cheshire, Lad sent to 
 Mr. Stanley some clippings, coacerning the latter's nationality, from the 
 lUtyl Journal, and other local newspapers. Mr. Stanley sent a humorous 
 reply to the effect that: " If English and Welsh folks are so gullible as 
 to believe all the 'rot' they read about me, I can't help it."
 
 DENBIGH. 15 
 
 a northern Celt, whose forefathers for generations were 
 natives of Ulva, one of that cluster of the Hebrides 
 of which Sir "Walter Scott speaks 
 
 "And Ulva dark and Colonsay, 
 And all the groups of islets gray, 
 That guard famed Staft'a around," 
 
 should have been discovered and succoured by a de- 
 scendant of a tribe of the same Celtic race. 
 
 High courage and endurance, and an adventurous 
 spirit, are the possession of no special race ; but. 
 there can be no doubt that the inhabitants of a 
 mountainous country, especially when that country 
 has a history teeming with daring and heroic exploits, 
 prove their qualities in a high degree. 
 
 To have been born in Denbigh, is to be associated with 
 a district which, for picturesque beauty in the alterna- 
 tion of hill and dale, of sylvan and pastoral plains andi 
 valleys, with rocky and mountainous scenery, is all 
 but unrivalled in the Principality, surroundings and 
 influences which tend to the development of those 
 faculties of mind and body which make men distin- 
 guished in all the walks of life. 
 
 The town and castle of Denbigh stand on a slop- 
 ing eminence with a bold and precipitous front 
 towards the south, abcut the middle of the Vale of 
 Chvyd. From the ruins of Denbigh Castle a magni- 
 
 B 2
 
 16 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 ficent prospect up and down the beautiful Vale of 
 Clwyd is obtained, which is richly wooded and 
 pastured, diversified with tree-crowned eminences, 
 and intersected with trout streams. 
 
 Save towards the sea, the view is bounded by hills, 
 many of them, especially towards the south and south- 
 west, being of a lofty and imposing character. In 
 the latter direction the eye traverses the semi-circular 
 range of hills which screen the Island of Anglesea 
 from the mainland, and culminate about the centre 
 of the chain in the towering summit of Snowdon. 
 
 The town and castle of Denbigh, and the Vale of 
 Clwyd have been not inaptly compared to the town 
 and castle of Stirling, with its magnificent plain, 
 surrounded on all sides by hills and mountains. 
 Towards the north and north-west the four mighty 
 Bens dwarfing the hundred summits which rise 
 amongst them. 
 
 The scenery is exactly of the same kind as that of 
 Stirling and its surroundings ; but town and castle, 
 and the rock on which they stand, are much smaller 
 in extent. The valley is less than half the size, and 
 the Clwyd and its tributaries are rivulets in com- 
 parison with the Forth and Teith and their influents 
 which converge in the valley. 
 
 The distant Grampians and Ochils, which encircle
 
 DENBIGH CASTLE. 17 
 
 the Vule of Stirling on three sides, can boast of 
 several loftier summits than Snowdon itself, and the 
 mountain scenery is altogether of a loftier and sterner 
 character. Both are equally rich in historical asso- 
 ciations. In the valley of Stirling the Scottish 
 patriot, Wallace, defeated the English, and Robert 
 Bruce, at the famous battle of Bannockburn, routed 
 the most splendid army Edward the First ever marched 
 into an enemy's territory. 
 
 The same English king was more fortunate in his 
 attack upon Denbigh, which was then a hill fortress 
 of great strength and importance, with a town of 
 some antiquity at its base. It was defended by 
 David the brother of Llewellyn, who, considering him- 
 self the legal sovereign of North Wales, had summoned 
 the various chieftains to aid him in the defence of the 
 province. His discretion was not equal to his valour, 
 for he decided upon commencing hostilities before he 
 was in a position to cope with the superior forces his 
 enemy had at his disposal, and, after a brief campaign, 
 he was defeated and made prisoner. 
 
 Edward bestowed the town and fortress upon 
 Henry Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, who built the castle 
 and surrounded the town by a wall. The castle was 
 of great strength and extent, and, together with the 
 similarly situated fortress of Ruthin eight miles up
 
 i8 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 the valley, played an important part in finally crush- 
 ing the independence of the district. 
 
 In the beginning of the fifteenth century, Owen 
 Glendower, with a resolute band of followers, harassed 
 the English by sudden descents upon the valleys, but 
 failed to carry either of the fortresses. The Castle of 
 Denbigh was held by various royal favourites, including 
 Dudley, Earl of Leicester, the favourite of Queen Eliza- 
 beth. In 1645, Charles I. found a refuge for a time 
 within its walls, after his retreat from Chester. 
 
 It was then held for the royalists by Colonel Wil- 
 liam Salisbury, and was besieged a year afterwards 
 by General Mytton, who had previously reduced the 
 Castle of Ruthin, and forced to surrender after a 
 desperate defence of more than three months' duration. 
 It was dismantled by the conqueror, and after the 
 Restoration it was blown up with gunpowder, to pre- 
 vent its becoming a rendezvous for the disaffected. 
 
 Generations before the foundation of its Castle by 
 Henry Lacy, the hill fortress and town of Denbigh 
 played no unimportant part in the struggle for inde- 
 pendence. Saxons and Normans swept past it, eager 
 for conquest or flushed with victory, to be driven sul- 
 lenly back by the impetuous mountaineers, until the 
 spirit of offence and defence was slowly crushed out 
 of them by superior armies and numbers.
 
 PUBLIC GRATITUDE. 19 
 
 Denbigh has given birth to many men of distinc- 
 tion. 
 
 Richard Myddleton of Gwaynynog, Governor of 
 the Castle in the reign of Edward VI., Mary and 
 Elizabeth, was the father of nine sons and seven 
 daughters. Of the former, three attained to distinc- 
 tion. One of them, Sir Hugh Myddleton, whose 
 monument stands in Islington Green, rapidly realized 
 a large fortune by his trade of a silversmith, and 
 the lease of several lead and silver mines in Cardigan- 
 shire ; all of which he spent in constructing the New 
 River, for the supplying of London with water. 
 
 Notwithstanding that he exhausted his great fortune 
 in carrying out this magnificent undertaking, he was 
 treated with so much ingratitude and neglect, that he 
 was compelled to earn his living in his latter days by 
 following the profession of a surveyor. Although 
 the great property he had created became of im- 
 mense value within a few years, his daughter, a 
 widow, when reduced to indigence, was denied the 
 benefits of the Goldsmiths' Company, which her 
 father had enriched, because her husband had omitted 
 to take up his freedom as a Goldsmith. 
 
 Need we wonder after this, that it was two hun- 
 dred and fifty years before the inhabitants of London 
 erected a statute to the memory of this citizen of
 
 20 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 Denbigh, who had done so much for the city of Lon- 
 don, and had received nothing in return but cold 
 ingratitude ? 
 
 Another son, Thomas, became Lord Mayor of 
 London, and was the founder of the family of Chirk 
 Castle ; and a third, named William, enjoyed consider- 
 able reputation as a scholar and poet. 
 
 Denbigh, into which Henry M. Stanley was 
 ushered in 1840, is a thriving market town contain- 
 ing from five to six thousand inhabitants ; the new 
 town, on the lower slopes and round the bottom of 
 the limestone hill, on which the ruins of the castle 
 stands, is well built. 
 
 One street especially, called "Vale Steeet," is broad 
 and lined with handsome buildings. This thoroughfare 
 leads directly out of the Vale of Clvvyd, and from 
 almost every part of it enchanting views of the sur- 
 rounding country are obtained. 
 
 Your Denbigh man believes religiously that the 
 Valley of Cly wd is the most beautiful and picturesque 
 place in the world, . and that " Vale Street/' which 
 winds its way up the slope of the hill, and forms 
 the main thoroughfare of modern Denbigh, is " the 
 finest street in Europe ! " The old portion of the 
 town, which clings jagged and irregular to the upper 
 reaches of the hill, where it nestled secure under the
 
 MARKET DA Y. 21 
 
 <ruardian fortress in the olden time, has a striking and 
 
 o 
 
 picturesque appearance from a distance. 
 
 As railway enterprise had not reached Denbigh at 
 the time of which we are writing, it was for five days 
 in the week a dull and sleepy place, waking up into 
 life and sociality when night turned the more convivial 
 of the inhabitants into the bar-parlours of the various 
 Inns and " Publics " to drink their beer and whisky- 
 punch, smoke their pipes, and discuss the local topics 
 
 of the day. 
 
 On market day the drowsy life of the town sud- 
 denly burst into feverish activity. Hundreds of 
 people from the neighbouring districts poured into 
 it to buy or sell, and a week's business on the 
 part of the shopocracy had to be got through in a 
 few hours ; while their rural friends, after effecting 
 their sales or purchases, had to do a week's drinking 
 in an equally limited time. The streets were 
 crowded with a motley assemblage of people who 
 had business to do, and people who came to look 
 on; stall-keepers, Cheap Jacks, ballad-singers, the 
 cackling of fowls and the squeaking of pigs, making 
 up a Babel of sound easier to imagine than describe. 
 This day over, the town relapsed into its dreamy 
 quiet for another week. 
 
 The interest of the townspeople was centred in
 
 22 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 their own local concerns. Intelligence from the 
 great world beyond reaching them only fitfully when 
 some enterprising townsman returned from a visit 
 to Chester, Shrewsbury, Liverpool, London, or any 
 of the great centres of population. 
 
 The weekly newspapers of the period, filled as 
 they mostly were with accidents and offences, served 
 more to remind the good folks of Denbigh, and like 
 isolated places, that their town was not exactly the 
 centre of the earth, than to instruct them as to the 
 spirit and energy which were rapidly changing the 
 appearance of the country and the habits of the 
 people beyond the ancient Cambrian boundary-line, 
 and a wave from which, in spite of national prejudice, 
 was destined soon to reach them, and stir them into 
 life and energy. 
 
 The manufacture of gloves and shoes was carried 
 on to a considerable extent, but business of any 
 sort save on market-days was not conducted at high 
 pressure. 
 
 The evenings were mostly spent by the trades- 
 people in the bar-parlours of the public-houses, 
 or the two inns known respectively as the " Bull " 
 and the " Crown." There they sat and smoked 
 their pipes, discussing local politics and scandal, ai 
 they drank their ale and whisky-punch.
 
 THE " THREE BOARS' HEADS." 23 
 
 At such gatherings, Welsh was the language spoken 
 in these days. If a stranger entered and addressed 
 any one in English, all eyes would be turned upon him 
 not that they did not understand what was said, but 
 the occurrence was so unusual as to excite curiosity 
 as to the speaker, and raise questions as to his 
 patriotism. 
 
 In the High Street there stood an old-fashioned 
 roomy public-house, called the " Three Boars' Heads." 
 
 It had originally been a gentleman's house, arid 
 boasted a substantial appearance externally; inter- 
 nally it was roomy and commodious, and was a 
 favourable example of a respectable country tavern. 
 It is now transformed into a draper's shop. At the 
 time of which we are treating it was largely fre- 
 quented by the tradesmen of the place, and by the 
 middling class of farmers and country people. 
 
 The most noted evening frequenter of the bar- 
 parlour of this hostelry was a John Rollant, of Llys. 
 He was a short, spare man, over fifty years of age ; 
 he stooped slightly, and his shoulders were drawn up as 
 if in a continuous shrug, which, together with a pair of 
 keen and restless black eyes, an upward twist of the 
 corners of his mouth, and an angular inclination of 
 his body towards the party he was addressing, gave 
 him an appearance of sarcastic 'cuteness which a
 
 24 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 closer acquaintance with the man and his ways did 
 not belie. 
 
 He was possessed of a sharp and ready wit, and was 
 not at all averse to practising it on any one who might 
 dispute his authority on questions which came up over 
 the " punch and pipes "at the "Three Boars' Heads." 
 The loss of the bulk of his teeth made his speech 
 somewhat incoherent to anyone not accustomed to it, 
 and this was increased by the rapid jerky way in 
 which he spoke, interrupting himself from time to 
 time to spit, an accomplishment in which he would 
 have beaten the greatest Yankee operator at a canter. 
 
 "When one looked at the dry spare form of the man, 
 this habit became a perfect marvel. It seemed as 
 though all the juice in his wiry body, in addition to 
 the liquor he imbibed, if turned into saliva, could not 
 have kept up this incessant expectoration for even a 
 single night. Now to the right and now to the left, 
 he paid his respects to all the spittoons within reach, 
 ejecting the saliva out of the corners of his mouth 
 with a rapid and impatient jerk. 
 
 This peculiar habit was not only indulged in the bar- 
 parlour of the "Three Boars' Heads" when the smoking 
 of pipes might have excused, if it did not explain, its 
 extent, but from his uprising in the morning until his 
 retiring to rest at night, it went on without intermis-
 
 A PUBLIC-HOUSE SERMON. 25 
 
 sion. Indeed, among his friends, the odds could have 
 been had in favourable terms that he spat in his sleep, 
 and jerked it with unerring aim across the room into 
 the fireplace. 
 
 It was worth some trouble to follow his conver- 
 sation, as his remarks on men and things were 
 keen, penetrating, and original, and were served up in 
 humorous and witty language, the difficulty in utterance 
 adding to their effect, just as the stutter of Charles 
 Lamb heightened the flavour of his quaint jokes. 
 
 A friend who knew him well, tells, that to a stranger 
 who met him for the first time his articulation was 
 all but unintelligible, and resolved itself into what ap- 
 peared to be a rapid and shrill repetition of the sounds, 
 nyat tat, tat, nyat tat, a squirt of saliva breaking the 
 rapid enunciation of the sounds every few seconds. 
 
 He had several set topics upon which he delighted 
 to enlarge. One was a kind of " public-house sermon," 
 upon what he was pleased to call "Screws." He 
 divided his subject into several heads. There were 
 the " Political" or " Election Screws." On this head he 
 dilated with much racy humour and vigour upon the 
 various local methods of putting a pressure upon 
 voters, provoking much merriment by his sallies at 
 the expense of local dignitaries, which would wax into 
 a roar as he laid bare with a rapid and incisive stroke
 
 26 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 the sins and backslidings, either active or passive, of 
 any member of the company. 
 
 His second head, the " Cork Screws,'"' in allusion to 
 the drinking usages and customs of the place, afforded 
 him ample opportunity of making fun of those unfor- 
 tunate members of the local community who were in 
 the habit of taking more liquor than they could 
 conveniently carry, and on this head, as might be sup- 
 posed, he had ample scope for personal allusion among 
 his hearers. His third and final head, on " Chapel 
 Screws," drew forth a pithy and scathing invective 
 against the holders of " Chapel," or " Meeting House," 
 influence in political matters. In short, old John Hol- 
 lands discourse on "Screws" was not unlike the 
 farmers' sermon on Malt x vulgarly attributed to Swift. 
 
 Up to the period of which we are writing, and 
 even down to a later date, the composition of poetry, 
 principally of an impromptu order, suggested by the 
 topic of the hour, was a duty from which no man of 
 any parts could shrink without a confession of 
 weakness. 
 
 Old John was not the sort of man to evade any- 
 thing in which he saw others shine. Indeed, he 
 rarely allowed a gathering at the " Three Boars' 
 Heads" to pass without perpetrating an impromptu 
 couplet or two.
 
 WELSH POETRY. 27 
 
 "\Ve can only now lay hands on one effort of his 
 in this way, and we are sorry that we cannot share 
 in the high opinion the author held of it, if we are 
 to judge from the frequency with which he repeated 
 it when half seas over, and in the full tide of his fun 
 and enjoyment. 
 
 As no man in Wales is considered worthy of a 
 memoir, or even of a biographical paragraph in a 
 newspaper, unless he has written some poetry, we are 
 induced on that account, and partly out of considera- 
 tion for the admirers of what is known in the Princi- 
 pality as the " Talcen Slip " order of poetry, to give 
 it here. 
 
 Poetry is, or should be, the expression of some feel- 
 ing of a character too lofty to be expressed in prose r 
 and this couplet was John Rollant's method of giving- 
 utterance to his satisfaction at having acquired the fame 
 of "Segrwyd," in addition to that of "Ltys." He 
 could make a living out of the latter ; but the pos- 
 session of the former in addition to it, enabled him 
 to swagger, to use his own pithy way of putting it. 
 
 Here is John's famous couplet : 
 
 " Byw yn y Llys er 116s 
 Yn y Segrwyd mae swaggroj' 
 
 It was usually before starting for home that he 
 would repeat his favourite lines. You will generally
 
 28 LIFE OF yOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 notice that a well-to-do man, when sober, will be very 
 reticent about his circumstances, and yet will become 
 boastful and communicative when he has had "a 
 drop too much." 
 
 Old John Rollant was no exception to the rule. 
 After he had risen to his feet and jerked out the 
 lines, he would give you a knowing wink, and taking 
 his purse, which was generally well filled, out of his 
 pocket, and holding it up to his audience, would say 
 in Welsh, " pwy caiff nhw," which being reduced into 
 English, signifies, "Who'll get them?" or " Who'll 
 take that from me ? " Like many a good old toper, 
 John was generous to others, and even to himself, in 
 one thing only, and that was drink. It would have 
 been much easier to get half-a-crown's worth of 
 whisky-punch out of him, than a shilling to meet a 
 pressing necessity. 
 
 Like many an agricultural bon vivant we have 
 known in our time, John could manage to find his 
 way home, with an amount of honest liquor under his 
 waistcoat which would have rendered most men help- 
 less ; but John and his pony were used to these 
 things, and had benefited by their training ; once in 
 the saddle, he was safe, however dark the way or 
 inclement the weather. 
 
 A gentleman who knew John thoroughly, and
 
 THE SWAN INN, VALE STREET, DENBIGH. 
 
 THE EVENING RESORT OF JOHN ROI.LANT, THE YOUNGER.
 
 A TIPSY RIDER. 29 
 
 has frequently seen him take his departure from the 
 " Three Boars' Heads/' tells us that it was a great 
 treat, and we can quite believe him. He would rise 
 to his feet as if to make for the door, but would stop 
 a moment to reply to some remark made to him, 
 when either forgetting that he had risen to go, or 
 because he was unable to stand any longer, he would 
 plump into his seat again. After this had happened 
 several times the real start would be made, and no 
 stranger who saw the thin limbs twisting under him, 
 could have believed it possible he could reach home at 
 all. It was even betting that he would require to be 
 assisted out. When fairly in the street, he might not 
 be able to see his pony, but when once assisted into the 
 saddle, the spare little man became as it were a part 
 of the nag itself, so certain was Iiis seat. It was 
 asserted of him, that he could sit his nag when he 
 could not keep his balance on a chair. 
 
 The ambling trot of the pony made him sway 
 from side to side in a way to suggest to the on-looker 
 broken bones or neck as a certain result, but on no 
 occasion did the pair ever part company, until John slid 
 off in a heap at his own door ; to be picked up and 
 led to bed. 
 
 We have only known one man and he was a 
 solicitor whose peculiarities in this way were as sur- 
 
 c
 
 30 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 prising as John Uollant's. When lie could neither 
 stand nor walk, if he was helped on to his legs and 
 accommodated with a shove to start him, he could run 
 for a considerable distance at a rattling pace, but the 
 moment he stopped he collapsed into his former help- 
 lessness. 
 
 On one occasion, after being assisted out of a ditch 
 by a passing friend, he astonished him by challenging 
 him to run a distance of half a mile, the loser to 
 stnnd a drink. After being carefully planted on his 
 legs, and the required impetus given, he started off 
 and won in a canter, requiring to be set on his legs 
 and started again for his run to the public-hou^e 
 where the liquor was to be discussed. 
 
 Notwithstanding his faults and failings, old John 
 was much esteemed. He was upright in all his deal- 
 ings and plain-spoken, and the possessor of talents 
 beyond those of his class. He had received little or 
 no education, but was gifted with an unusual stock 
 of shrewdness and mother wit, which is oftener a 
 richer endowment than the learning of the Schools. 
 
 Education would in all likelihood have spoiled this 
 man, by making him less self-reliant, and less confi- 
 dent of his own powers. Without it, ho wns a 
 shrewd, keen, and successful man of business, and into 
 the bargain a genuine original, whose peculiarities
 
 FATHER AND SON. 31 
 
 made him conspicuous among his fellows. "With it, lie 
 would in all likelihood have been a very commonplace 
 firmer, with nothing in his manner or habits to arrest 
 attention. 
 
 This John Rollants, of Llys and Segrwyd farm, was 
 the grandfather of the gentleman whom his country- 
 men are determined in identifying with Henry 
 M. Stanley, the discoverer of Livingstone ! The more 
 knowing ones among them say they can recognize 
 in the grandsire many of those qualities which have 
 enabled the grandson to compress into his short 
 career an amount of enterprise and bold adventure far 
 beyond the common. 
 
 The sermon on " Screws," these quidnuncs aver, 
 was reproduced in a higher form in the ready, tren- 
 chant, and courageous bearding of the Geographical 
 savans at the meeting of the British Association at 
 Brighton. There was, they say, the same sarcastic 
 playfulness of manner, and the same ease and 
 freedom which bespeaks the man who is master of the 
 situation, and knows it thoroughly. 
 
 AYlnle John Rollant the elder was reigning 
 supreme in the bar-parlour of the " Three Boars' 
 Heads," John Rollant the younger was similarly em- 
 ployed in the bar-parlour of the "Swan." 
 
 John, junior, bore a considerable resemblance to 
 
 C 2
 
 32 LIFE OF JOHN ROLLANT. 
 
 his father in appearance, and was marked by a fevr of 
 his characteristics. He had many of his social qualities 
 one of them, at least, in excess, as it had much to 
 do with terminating his career before he attained half 
 his father's age. He was more reticent in his conver- 
 sation, although considered amusing company by his 
 associates ; but he lacked his father's decision and 
 energy of character. At the time of which we are 
 speaking, he resided with his father at Segnvyd. 
 
 He was understood to have been paying his ad- 
 dresses for some time to a daughter cf Moses Parry, 
 butcher and grazier, of Plas Pigot, who shortly after- 
 wards removed to a cottage within the ancient boun- 
 daries of the once proud castle of Denbigh. As we 
 shall have frequent opportunities of speaking of 
 parties living within the castle precincts, we may 
 explain that their residences were generally spoken of 
 as the " Castle." 
 
 Moses Parry was a middle-aged man, thick set, and 
 of dark complexion. He was quiet and reserved, and 
 had an appearance of sternness, but the half smile 
 which accompanied his words, in addressing any one, 
 gave evidence of his genial and kindly nature. As 
 he was both an upright and good-natured man, he 
 :is held in much esteem by his neighbours. 
 
 It was generally supposed by the gossips that
 
 A. NEW BABY. 33 
 
 " die course of true love had not run smooth," in the 
 case of John Reliant and the daughter of Moses 
 Parry. Be this as it may, the courtship had been 
 carried on in an intermittent sort of a way. Pos- 
 sibly, the sedate and cautious Moses Parry did not 
 look \\ith favour on the convivial and unenterprising 
 son of his old friend, John Reliant. The young 
 people, however, had their own way in the matter^ 
 and shortly after their removal to the Castle, good 
 Moses Parry was presented with a grandson. 
 Whether the elder Rollants objected to give his 
 son a separate home, or from whatever cause, the 
 mother resided with her father. Now it is the 
 custom in Wales, when a child is born, to give 
 the infant, as its first food, a teaspoonful of melted 
 butter mixed with sugar ; and when the midwife was 
 about to administer this to the child, Moses Parry 
 walked up to the kitchen fire, where she was sitting, 
 and noticing what she was about, cried out in Welsh, 
 " Aros ! Aros ! " (Stop, stop !) " let me put the first 
 bit in his mouth ! " Suiting the action to the word, he 
 pulled a half-sovereign out of his pocket and placed it 
 for a moment in the mouth of the child, remarking : 
 ' I hope you will never be in want of a bite like 
 that, my lad ! " 
 
 This ceremony is supposed in, Wales to bring luck.
 
 34 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 Before his birth, the mother was understood to have 
 visited the local "spaewife," and consulted her as to 
 the sex and future of her child. 
 
 Notwithstanding the unsympathetic interference of 
 magistrates, this is a very simple method of forestall- 
 ing events, much resorted to by country people, 
 and even by people in the great towns. An old and 
 solitary woman of more shrewdness than her neigh- 
 bours, acquires the reputation of being able to fore- 
 tell the future ; and she will be a poor hand at her 
 craft if she cannot, in return for the shillings and 
 sixpences she gets, cast a horoscope that will be in 
 accordance with the desires of her clients. 
 
 \Ve know nothing of the future predicted for the 
 subject of our narrative. If it had been within a 
 hundred miles of the reality we should have heard all 
 about it. In spite of the fact that " the schoolmaster 
 is abroad," there are a good many tolerably educated 
 people in Wales who have not yet got rid of their 
 respect for the "spaewife." 
 
 In due time the child was baptized. The ceremony 
 took place inTremeirchion Church, in the neighbourhood 
 of which a daughter of Moses Parry resided. He was 
 baptised " John Rowlands" the anglicized form of the 
 Welsh Rdlant; Mr. Robert Tarry, of the " Swan" Inn, 
 Denbigh, and Mr. J.Williams, mason, acting as sponsors.
 
 A FETE-DAY. 35 
 
 "Whit-Tuesday is held as a gala day in Denbigh, 
 when all business is suspended, and large numbers of 
 people from the surrounding district flock into the 
 town. On that day the various friendly societies, 
 male and female, walk in procession, headed by bands 
 of music, to church, generally St. Hilliary's, which 
 stands within the castle grounds ; the men after wards 
 dining at their respective club-houses, and the females 
 regaling themselves with tea in the assembly rooms. 
 In the afternoon, if the weather be fine, dancing is 
 briskly indulged in on the castle green. 
 
 On the first occasion of the kind after the birth of 
 John Reliant, tertius (we have now three of the name 
 to deal with), his nurse came out of the cottage, with 
 her charge in her arms, to witness the arrival of the 
 various processions. Noticing John Rollant, secundus, 
 gravely important in his proper place among his 
 brethren, and being incited by a love of mischief, she 
 darted forward, crying as loud as she could, "John. 
 Kollant, John Eollant, here ! mind this baby !" As 
 might be supposed, this little episode upset the dignity 
 of the grand procession, and led to much mirth among 
 his acquaintances. It was some time before he heard 
 the last of it. 
 
 Although old John Rollant did not approve of the 
 step his son had taken, still it is known that he
 
 36 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 possessed a kindly feeling towards his little grandson 
 and namesake. One anecdote to this effect has 
 reached us. 
 
 There was a scarcity of milk in the Parry household, 
 and the nurse bethought her of stepping across with 
 the infant in her arms to Segrwyd to try and procure 
 some there. Arrived at the farm, she came across old 
 Reliant, who, not knowing her, bluntly asked whose 
 child she carried. After receiving the required in- 
 formation, he fondled the little fellow, dandled it in 
 his arms, and then inviting them into the house, gave 
 them the best refreshment it afforded, in addition to 
 the milk they came after. This was no mere passing 
 kindness, as she went to Segrwyd frequently after- 
 wards on a similar errand. 
 
 When the child was about two years of age, John 
 Reliant, junior, died, and as Moses Parry, the grand- 
 father, died also about the same time (an event which 
 broke up the household at the cottage, and altered 
 the circumstances of its surviving inmates for a time), 
 the infant had to be sent out to nurse. 
 
 The nurse selected was a Mrs. Richard Price, the 
 wife of the verger of St. Hilliary's, who lived within 
 the precincts of the castle. Fortunately the Prices 
 and their family were good, kindly people ; so that 
 during the time he was with them the all but
 
 A PROMISING CHILD. 37 
 
 friendless child throve apace, and was treated as one 
 of their own children. 
 
 By the time he was four years of age he was a fine, 
 active boy, and had begun to give signs of being pos- 
 sessed of an inquiring turn of mind. He had just 
 mastered 'his letters, although he had not got the 
 length of understanding printed words. An incident 
 belonging to this period is worth preserving. 
 
 The old verger, in addition to his duties at St. 
 Hilliary's, was keeper of the Bowling Green ; and 
 when the members assembled on special occasions to 
 play, their refreshment beer was sent from a mer- 
 chant in the town in a basket, on the side of which 
 his initials, S. W. D., were painted in bold letters. 
 
 The child, who was toddling about, got greatly 
 interested in the letters, and kept conning them over 
 until a member of the family, noticing him, said, 
 
 " Well, John, what do they mean ? " 
 
 The youngster repeated the letters, and answered 
 in Welsh, " Byddigions," which is the infantile 
 word for " gentlefolks." 
 
 He had reasoned the matter out by putting the 
 company, the bottles, and the circumstances of the 
 " bowlers " together, and found that they represented 
 a condition above his own. 
 
 This trifling incident indicates that even thus
 
 38 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 early the child was thinking of a position better than 
 that in which he was placed a state of mind most 
 likely to lead to emancipation from the hardships of 
 his dependent condition, when the time and oppor- 
 tunity arrived. 
 
 For a short time John was sent to the English 
 Free School, then kept by Mr. John Jones, now col- 
 lector of highway rates for the district. 
 
 A few of the old residents remember the bright- 
 eyed little boy while he was attending the Free School. 
 A Mrs. Sarah Evans, of Bull Lane, a poor but kindly 
 woman, and very fond of children, used to notice him 
 frequently, and was wont to call him into her house 
 and entertain him with bread-and-butter. " What 
 would the poor do were it not for the poor ? " is a 
 blessed adage, never out of date. 
 
 He had not been long a pupil there when another 
 misfortune befell him in the marriage of his uncle, 
 Thomas Parry, to Mrs. Williams, a widow, who kept, 
 and still keeps, the " Golden Lion " Inn. Like his 
 father, Thomas Parry was a butcher, and, like him, 
 he was possessed of a kind heart, and had, out of his 
 limited means, for a considerable period, contributed 
 to John's maintenance. 
 
 This substitute for fatherly care having failed him, 
 tie family at the Bowling Green had to consider
 
 GOING TO SCHOOL. 39 
 
 what was best to be clone with the friendless 
 child. 
 
 After a time he was admitted into the Public school 
 at St. Asaph. The Price family were much attached 
 to the genial and sprightly little fellow, and regretted 
 the necessity which compelled them to part with 
 him. 
 
 When the time came for John to be removed to> 
 St. Asaph, as he could not be sent by the coach, nor 
 could he walk, he was mounted on the back of 
 kindly Mrs. Price's son Richard, a strong lad of 
 about sixteen. His old nurse Harriet Jones, who 
 would appear to have been sincerely attached to the 
 child, trudged on by his side a good part of the way. 
 
 This was his first entrance into the world, for the 
 kindness of the Prices, old and young, had made their 
 house a home to him while there. 
 
 If his memory carries him back to that singular 
 journey, he will remember the kindly Richard Price 
 who carried him. on his stout shoulders, and the 
 loving nurse who accompanied him part of the way, 
 both striving to make the journey pleasant to him, 
 and cheer up his spirits. 
 
 Young as he was, he could not fail to feel the pang 
 of separation from the gccd people who had been to 
 him as father and mother, and sisters and brothers.
 
 40 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 We can imagine this odd, yet to us strangely interest- 
 ing, party tramping along the beautiful road which 
 leads from Denbigh to St. Asaph. They would 
 stop now and again as the young man required a 
 rest, and all their efforts would be called into play to 
 enliven the journey. 
 
 Passing Plas Clough, which would most likely be a 
 place he was acquainted with, the party could see in the 
 the distance the village of Tremeirchion, where John was 
 baptized. Beyond this they t would pass the singular 
 mansion of Bachygraig, built by Sir Richard Clough 
 in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the ground floor of 
 which consists of a vast hall and parlour, and the 
 upper structure of six stories, surmounted by a cupola ; 
 and as each story is narrower in area thau the one 
 below it, the building has a pyramidal form. 
 
 The builder of this curious house once occupied a 
 menial position in Denbigh, and inherited as unpro- 
 mising fortunes even as those of little John Rowlands. 
 Removing to London, he was apprenticed to Sir 
 Thomas Gresham, ultimately becoming one of the 
 wealthiest merchants of his time. Dying in Ant- 
 werp, where he had settled, his heart, according to 
 his own instructions, was removed from his body, 
 placed in an urn, and deposited in the church at 
 Whitchurch.
 
 BEGINNING LIFE. 41 
 
 If he was too young then to feel any interest in 
 such a story as this, we may be sure he knew all about 
 it in after years, when he was in the habit of passing 
 between St. Asaph and Denbigh. 
 
 No doubt, the career of the poor Denbigh boy, who 
 became a great merchant, would have its influence in 
 future years, but the lesson was only half learned, 
 for Sir Hie-hard Clough thought so much of the 
 district which had witnessed his humble beginnings, 
 that he built a house there, and when death took him, 
 caused his heart to be sent to moulder in the scene of 
 his early trials and difficulties. 
 
 The scenery would hardly affect him much, but he 
 would not fail to look with childish awe over the lofty 
 single arch which spans the Ehvy at a height of a 
 hundred feet above the stream. 
 
 There was the nurse to bid good bye to, amid sobs 
 and kisses, when she turned back to Denbigh, and he 
 would hardly have got over this parting, when he 
 would have to leave stout, kind-hearted Richard 
 Price at the gate of the School, into which he would 
 be led by the porter arid introduced to his new class- 
 fellows. 
 
 In a day or two the grief at parting would be 
 spent, and he would be living a new life with new 
 associations, which, if not no homely as those he had
 
 42 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 left behind him, would be for a time more exciting 
 and fuller of incident. 
 
 The School would appear to have been well man- 
 aged, so we may believe that during the ten years he 
 spent in it, his friendless condition would be made as 
 little apparent as possible. Mr. John Williams, whose 
 death occurred a few weeks ago, was master at this 
 period. He was a good and upright man, in the 
 best sense of the words, and made it his especial cavo 
 to see that the children under his care were kindly 
 and properly treated. 
 
 That the education of the children was well attended 
 to by Mr. Francis, is evidenced by the good use the 
 fatherless boy has been enabled to make of it since. 
 Mr. Francis took a real interest in the progress of the 
 children under his clrirge, and when they left the 
 School he invariably presented them with a 
 book, toy, or piece of money according to his 
 discretion. 
 
 The Board of Management then included several 
 gentlemen known to be of a truly philanthropic 
 character, and some of the neighbouring gentry, to 
 their credit, would visit the School, and invite the 
 children to spend a day in their grounds. Days these 
 of simple enjoyment, but sufficient, for all that, to form 
 eras in their monotonous lives.
 
 JOHN AND 'THE APPLE-WOMAN. 43 
 
 The " rough and tumble life " of a school quickly 
 tests the mettle of a boy, and we know from many 
 sources that John Rowlands very soon took a leading 
 position amongst his fellows by right of his intelli- 
 gence and bold spirit. 
 
 The more intelligent and trustworthy of the boys 
 were frequently sent on errands to Denbigh, always 
 receiving a few coppers to spend on themselves. On 
 one occasion John and several companions invested 
 their pennies at an apple-stall kept by an old woman, 
 who is still alive. 
 
 She was strack by John's appearance and intelligent 
 manner, and remarked that if he got a little schooling 
 he would come to something good. 
 
 Years afterwards, when John visited Denbigh as 
 Mr. Henry M. Stanley, she recognized him at once, 
 and said. 
 
 " Did I not tell you he would come to something ? 
 I knew he would/' 
 
 By-and-bye his progress in the class-room was so 
 marked that he was employed to assist in keeping 
 the accounts. Arithmetic and geography were his 
 favourite branches of study ; he was also very 
 fond of music, and was possessed of 'a good voice 
 and ear. 
 
 The only boy in the school who approached him
 
 44 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 was a lad named Barnabas Williams, who afterwards, 
 on leaving the School, went to America, and has not 
 since been heard of. 
 
 Mr. J. Hughes, of Llandudno National J3chool, in a 
 letter written the other day, says that Mr. Williams, 
 the head master of the School at the time of which we 
 are speaking, asked him if he knew John Rowlands, 
 explaining that he had taken particular notice of him. 
 On his saying that he did, and detailing his Abyssinian 
 experiences, c., under the name of Stanley (Mr. 
 Hughes has got hold of the Welsh idea, you see), the 
 old gentleman brightened up as if he were speaking of 
 a long-lost son of his own, and marked his expression 
 of satisfaction by saying, 
 
 " I thought ho would be a wonderful fellow." 
 
 Another gentleman informs us that while at St. 
 Asaph's School he manifested great anxiety for learn- 
 ing, and was an immense favourite with the teacher, 
 who often expressed the opinion that some day 
 Rowlands would turn out to be a distinguished 
 man. 
 
 The Bishop and clergy of St. Asaph took a great 
 interest in the children, and frequently visited them to 
 note their progress. 
 
 On one of these visitations by the Bishop, the 
 children were all standing in a row for the purpose of
 
 JOHN BOLLANT, SENIOR. 
 (Giving a Recitation on " Screw*." See p. 25.)
 
 JOHN AND THE BISHOP. 45 
 
 being examined by him. John's proficiency and in- 
 telligence were so noticeable that the Bishop was struck 
 with it, remarking to the master that as he was 
 now a well-grown lad, it would be advisable to 
 have him put to some trade. Advancing towards 
 John, the Bishop patted him on the head and 
 said, 
 
 " Well, my lad, what trade would you like to be 
 apprenticed to ? " 
 
 Quick as thought, the lad replied, 
 
 " To that of a Bishop." 
 
 This is so good that one could wish to be really 
 assured of its truth. 
 
 No doubt if the sharp and intelligent boy had 
 been put to that line of business, he would have soon 
 pushed his way into the front ranks. One of his 
 class-fellows is at the present time a Church of 
 England clergyman in North Wales, and is 
 much respected both for his goodness and his 
 learning. 
 
 If the incident did occur the worthy Bishop was 
 more amused than offended, for on the occasion of 
 the children's visiting the Palace on the following 
 Christmas, he again took special notice of John, and 
 presented him with a Bible and a piece of money, 
 remarking to the attendant who accompanied the 
 
 D
 
 46 LIFE OF JOPIN ROWLANDS. 
 
 boys, "John Rowlands is a very clever lad, and if lie 
 has health will make his mark." 
 
 He would appear to have cherished the Bible 
 presented by the Bishop, for on his being invited to 
 the Palace on his visit to Denbigh after the close of 
 the American war, lie carried it with him. 
 
 It was the habit of the Bishop to invite the chil- 
 dren to the Palace every Christmas, when, after they 
 had been entertained with tea, cake, and fruit, and 
 had heard words of encouragement and instruction, 
 they were allowed to amuse themselves in the 
 Palace grounds. 
 
 On this particular occasion, some drawings ot 
 John's were brought specially under the Bishop's 
 notice, with which he expressed himself highly 
 satisfied. 
 
 John's ability and general intelligence were matters 
 of pride to all, and we are glad to know that there were 
 some, at least in Denbigh, among his old friends who 
 were interested in him, and did not grudge a journey 
 to St. Asaph to inquire regarding his behaviour and 
 welfare. 
 
 A brother of Harriet Jones, John's old nurse, called, 
 and no doubt would please his sister and the Prices 
 with the excellent report he got of John's doings from 
 Mr. Williams, the master of the school.
 
 SCHOOL LIFE. 47 
 
 Mr. John Story, the clerk of the school, was an 
 accomplished man, and took a pride in instructing the 
 more intelligent lads in those essentials of a commercial 
 education which were outside the province o" the 
 appointed schoolmaster. 
 
 John and others, in return for this care and atten- 
 tion on his part which was quite gratuitous assisted 
 him in his labours a method of repayment which 
 could not fail to be more valuable to the lads, as an 
 element in their training, than to him as a help in 
 his daily work. 
 
 John was equally distinguished in the playground. 
 The gentleman we have already quoted tells us that 
 he was noted for his high spirit and determined will; 
 and a gentleman who at present holds an official 
 position at St. Asaph, remembers that, when he used 
 to visit his grounds with the rest of his schoolfellows, 
 he was the leading spirit in every bit of fun. 
 
 From the character usually given of John Rowlands 
 we may readily guess that he was perfectly able to 
 take care of himself among boys of his own years, 
 whether by his intellect or his fists. 
 
 Fighting is a branch of an English schoolboy's 
 education which is never neglected, and in quiet corners 
 of the buildings and grounds of the school plenty of 
 opportunity was found in the settlement of little dis- 
 
 D 2
 
 48 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 putes, for any one to acquire a proficiency in the 
 "noble art of self-defence." 
 
 It has been reported that John ultimately run away 
 from school, after a severe fight with one of his fello\v- 
 pupils, being ashamed to show himself with the marks 
 of the conflict on his face and clothes. 
 
 This, it would appear, had been a desperate encounter 
 with a boy about his own size and age, and had been 
 fought out with great determination on both sides ; 
 the result being, if not a victory for John, a drawn 
 battle. He was dreadfully mauled, his nose and eyes 
 bearing decided marks of the punishment he had 
 received. 
 
 "We are inclined to doubt his having run away on 
 account of a fight. A barber, whose place of business 
 is near the Cathedral, and who remembers John 
 Rowlands well, avers that he saw him leave, and 
 that Mr. Francis, the teacher, came out with him. 
 As Mr. Francis had not got a sixpence in his pocket to 
 give John, he borrowed one from, the barber, and gave 
 it to him, after which the boy bade them an affectionate 
 adieu and started off to seek his fortune. 
 
 The books of the school throw no light upon this 
 matter. The one containing the entry of his admission 
 is lost or mislaid, but the entry relating to his deuar- 
 ture may still be seen. We reproduce it :
 
 LEAVING SCHOOL. 
 
 1856 
 
 OF 
 DATZ. NAME. PARISH. DIET. DESTINATION. CHARACTER. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gone to Iris 
 
 
 May 13, 
 Tuesday. 
 
 John 
 Rowlands. 
 
 Denbigh. 
 
 
 uncle at the 
 National School, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Holywdl. 
 
 
 The entry under destination is wrong. It should 
 read, " Gone to his cousin at the National School, 
 Brynford." 
 
 Curiously enough, this is the only entry in the 
 book in which the column for character is left blank. 
 This could arise from nothing to his prejudice, as we 
 have it on the most reliable authority that he was 
 the favourite of all, both inside and outside the School; 
 the report of the head master to one of our Corre- 
 spondents being of the most flattering character. 
 
 Mr. J. Hughes, already quoted, who knew John 
 Rowlands well when he was with his cousin at Mold, 
 tells us that " He burst the trammels of Bumble- 
 dom three times." Mrs. Parry, of Vale Street, Den- 
 bigh, tells that on one occasion he presented himself 
 at her house, at an unusually late hour, and without 
 any companion circumstances which, taken in con- 
 junction with his sheepish look, led her to suspect
 
 50 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 that something was wrong. On asking him some 
 questions, she found he had run away. After con- 
 sulting with some of her friends, John got supper and 
 went to bed. 
 
 Next morning he was sent to St. Asaph in 
 the coach in charge of the guard, who had strict 
 orders to leave him at the School. Before he left, 
 Mrs. Parry gave him a sixpence, which gratified 
 him much and reconciled him to his return. Years 
 afterwards, in speaking of this incident of his life, 
 he spoke of the feeling of being rich, which the pos- 
 session of that sixpence gave him. 
 
 A gentleman at St. Asaph hints that although Mr. 
 Francis was in his company when he left the School, he 
 may have left surreptitiously fur all that. Mr. Francis, 
 he says, was very fond of young Rowlands, and had a 
 high opinion of his abilities. 
 
 As there had been some talk of apprenticing him to a 
 trade, which in all likelihood would have been one in- 
 volving manual labour, and distasteful to the high- 
 spirited boy, Mr. Francis may have sympathised with 
 his desire to be free and as.si.-ted him in carrying it 
 out. Probably he also knew that there was some 
 kind of situation open to l.im with his cousin at 
 Brynford. 
 
 Some A ears after this, L"r. Frar.cls lecan.e insane
 
 BECOMES PUPIL-TEACHER. 51 
 
 and was removed to the Denbigh Lunatic Asylum, 
 where he died soon after his admission. He was an 
 excellent teacher and a worthy man. His kindness 
 and attention to the children under his charge were 
 beyond all praise. \Ve have heard it said that the 
 great bulk of his limited salary was spent in presents 
 to the boys. 
 
 The day of his emancipation, as we have seen, was 
 Tuesday, the 1 3th of May, 1856. Whit Tuesday, as we 
 have already mentioned, is a great gala day in Denbigh. 
 No doubt he would proceed there first, and partake with 
 them in the amusements of the day on the Castle 
 Green the place where the first four years of his life 
 had been passed. 
 
 His cousin, David Owen, at the time he left" St. 
 Asaph, was the National School teacher at Brynford ; 
 but shortly after John joined him he removed to Mold, 
 to keep the National School there. At both places 
 John acted as pupil teacher. 
 
 Mr. Hughes of Llandudno, who knew him well when 
 at Brynford and Mold, gives an interesting account of 
 him. He speaks of finding a copy of Johnson's 
 " Rasselas " on his table, and describes him as being 
 possessed of " an indomitable will, that really knew 
 no impediment to its purpose His youth- 
 ful struggles, the character of his reading, and his
 
 52 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 bold, inflexible nature, eminently fitted him for ad- 
 venture." 
 
 He says, further, that he does not think there is any 
 one who knew him better than he did when he was 
 with his cousin. " I knew," he says, " every ingre- 
 dient in his nature, I thought, and used to sum him 
 up as a full-faced, stubborn, self-willed, round-headed, 
 uncompromising, deep fellow. In conversation with 
 you, his large black eyes would roll away from you 
 as if he was really in deep meditation about half-a- 
 dozen things besides the subject of conversation. 
 
 "He was particularly strong in trunk, but not very 
 smart or elegant about the legs, which were slightly 
 disproportionately short. 
 
 " His temperament was unusually sensitive ; he could 
 stand no chaff, nor the least bit of humour." 
 
 This being his character, as sketched by one who 
 knew him well, we are not surprised that his cousin 
 was jealous of him, arid that they did not agree well 
 together. Finally matters came to such a crisis, that 
 he was either dismissed by his cousin, or he left 
 Mold at once on his own responsibility. 
 
 Whether John Rowlands was dismissed or left of 
 his own accord, after a violent difference with his 
 cousin, we do not know for certain ; but his friends say 
 that his departure was so precipitate that he was
 
 A FAMILY QUARREL. 53 
 
 totally unprovided with means, unless the possession 
 of some sixpence in coppers can be looked upon as a 
 fitting capital with which to begin the world. 
 
 Several trustworthy correspondents inform us that, 
 as the gossip of the time went in Mold, the jealousy of 
 his cousin, because of the rapidly developing ability of 
 John Rowlands, manifested itself in a way the 
 most galling to his high spirit, viz., the putting 
 him to menial tasks in addition to his school 
 duties. 
 
 According to this version of the affair, after a 
 skirmish of words between them, the cousin threw 
 down his boots to John Rowlands, with a rough 
 command to clean v them at once. This was " the 
 last straw that broke the camel's back/' in his case. 
 John stood over the boots for a few minutes, debating 
 in his mind whether he should submit to this insulting 
 treatment or not. The trials and difficulties the future 
 might bring to one in his penniless and friendless con- 
 dition would be carefully weighed against the humili- 
 ating routine of his daily life. He was not long in 
 deciding ; he threw down the boots, and walked 
 straight away ! 
 
 He was now nearly sixteen years of age, and 
 what sort of youth he was we learn from his friend, 
 Mr. Hughes. He had read Johnson's " Rasselas," and
 
 54 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 no doubt other works treating of foreign countries, of 
 a more modern and useful character. 
 
 America would be familiar to him as a country in 
 which a young lad of his years and circumstances 
 might hope to make a position for himself; and he 
 would know that Liverpool was the great port from 
 whence to start for that land of promise. 
 
 He did not hesitate a moment as to his course of 
 action, nor do we hear that he took any one into his 
 confidence or asked for any assistance. 
 
 We can fancy the high-spirited and resolute boy 
 starting on his long tramp to Liverpool ; the feeling 
 of wounded pride that raged within him manifesting 
 itself outwardly in rapid strides along the turnpike 
 road. By-and-bye, as the strong physical exercise 
 reduced the excitement of his mind, and he had got 
 beyond the district where everything was familiar to 
 him, and not likely to thrust itself upon his at- 
 tention, he would be able to think calmly of the step 
 he had taken, and of the probable trials it might have 
 in store for him. 
 
 But the proud boy, who even thus carty had im- 
 pressed his fellows with a high idea of his determined 
 will and uncompromising character, was not at all 
 likely to think for a moment of returning to his 
 bondage. He had made up his mind to face the
 
 ON HIS TRAVELS. 55 
 
 Avorld, and proved himself equal to the conquest of his 
 adverse circumstances, just as in after life he deter- 
 mined to force his way through Persia and Turkestan 
 to Bombay, and from Zanzibar to TTjiji to look up 
 Dr. Livingstone, and accomplished both feats. The 
 inflexible purpose which animates him is well sup- 
 ported by a perfect comprehension of the difficulties 
 to be encountered in any given undertaking, and the 
 best ways and means of conquering them. 
 
 As he got into a part of the country to which he 
 was a stranger, with the curiosity natural to youth, 
 his mind would be much occupied with what he 
 su\v. If he went by Chester, which is on the high 
 road, its quaint architecture and its famous Rows 
 streets passing through what should be the second 
 floors of the houses, with shops below and shops on one 
 side would excite his curiosity ; its walls, forming a 
 perfect cordon of stone, pierced by four gates, and its- 
 Castle and Cathedral, would certainly be objects of 
 interest to him. 
 
 From Chester to Birkenhead his way passed through 
 a ricli agricultural and pastoral country, studded with 
 quaint old villages, having an appearance of comfort 
 and plenty certainly superior to that of his native 
 country. 
 
 John Rowlands had never been but a short
 
 56 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 distance from home before, and he knew nothing, save 
 through books and the talk of his friends and ac- 
 quaintances, of the world outside his own county. 
 He had formed his ideas of life from the dreamy 
 routine and gossip of a country town. 
 
 To a young lad of his training and experience, the 
 bustle and activity of a great commercial centre such 
 as Liverpool is a very revelation. Everything is new 
 and strange, and past experience seems only worth 
 remembering as a contrast to the fuller arid more 
 exciting present. 
 
 The great docks crowded with ships loading and 
 unloading, the vast number of seamen of every 
 nationality under the sun, the thousands of emi- 
 grants down by the wharves and floating stages, 
 bargaining with Jews and slop-sellers for bedding, 
 tin ware, and the food required for the voyage, make 
 up a picture that would not be lost upon a keen- 
 eyed and observant boy like John Rowlands. 
 
 Land sharks, male and female, of grades lower 
 than the regular slop-sellers, who prey upon sailors 
 and emigrants, he would see in plenty, but having 
 neither money nor belongings, and not looking like the 
 possessor of either, they would pass him unheeded, 
 save the making him the object of a foul curse if 
 he came in their way.
 
 POOR AND WRETCHED. 57 
 
 The past to him had been dreary enough ; he was 
 now poor as he could be, Heaven knows ! but a new 
 life seemed to open up before him as the bustle went 
 on around. But there were immediate necessities 
 that pressed themselves upon his notice as night 
 approached. The few coppers left would procure a 
 scanty meal ; but where was he to sleep until the 
 
 morning? Penniless and friendless, a bed was not to 
 o 
 
 be thought of; so after wandering about until almost 
 fairly tired out, he turned up a quiet street leading 
 from the docks, where there was a house the door of 
 which projected inwards beyond the walls, affording a 
 slender shelter to the homeless lad. Here he coiled 
 himself up, and hungry and tired as he was, slept 
 soundly until the morning. 
 
 His reading and adventurous character had induced 
 him to think of trying his fortune in the New World, 
 but as the cheapest fare at this time was three or 
 four pounds, and he was penniless, how was he to get 
 there ? The only chance that remained to him was 
 to work his way across. After trying first one ship 
 and then another, he finally arranged with the captain 
 of a New Orleans trader to go as a cabin-boy, or extra 
 hand. 
 
 Passage as an emigrant, in an emigrant ship,* is 
 
 * The cotton traders from New Orleans to Liverpool are frequently
 
 53 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 quite b.id enough, as readers of the Daily 
 during the month of September last will have learned, 
 but a passage in the same ship, as an extra hand, 
 going for the first time to sea, is an experience which 
 few who have ever passed through it will recall with 
 pleasure. However, John Rowlands had made up 
 liis mind to bear it, and the first sharp lesson tried 
 his quality. 
 
 The unfortunate holder of such a position on board 
 ship is usually the slave of all the crew, and is put to 
 all sorts of menial tasks. The value of his passage 
 lias to be taken out of him in work, and he is lucky 
 if he escapes a plentiful share of kicks and curses in 
 addition 
 
 In due course the ship dropped down the Mersey, 
 passed the bar, and proceeded on her way. Passing 
 down Channel the estuary of the Dee would be seen 
 off the port side of the vessel, and the familiar hills 
 that look down upon the Vale of Clwyd, till now to 
 him the centre of all his interests. On the starboard 
 side, the Isle of Man would show faintly in the 
 distance, the coast of Ireland would be skirted till, 
 fading gradually from view, he found himself on the 
 wide Atlantic. 
 
 fitted up (in the roughest possible manner) as emigrant ships on their 
 return voyage.
 
 THE FIRST VOYAGE. 59 
 
 A youth's first voyage is an event never to be for- 
 gotten in after-life. The entire novelty of everything 
 connected with it ; the boundless sea, and the limited 
 space in the ship ; the strict discipline, and the early 
 hours, so different from what he had heard and read 
 of rollicking sailors on Lind ; the settling down to the 
 duties of the ship ; and then the desire and anxiety, 
 increasing each day, to reach the distant port, and 
 be on land once more, would so engross the mind 
 of John Rowlands as to leave little time for brooding 
 over present hardships. 
 
 Indeed, the voyage and its experiences must have 
 been of singular interest to our hero, and, in a 
 measure, have prepared him for the strange sights 
 and wild scenes he was so soon to witness. When 
 the ship was speeding on her course, and all was 
 taut and trim on board, there were intervals of 
 leisure in which the sailors spun him lon^r varns 
 
 O f 
 
 about tropical New Orleans, the wonderful Gulf 
 Stream, and the mighty Mississippi, and painted 
 such a glowing picture that the trials of the voyage 
 were forgotten in the brilliant future possible for him 
 in the country so near at hand. 
 
 At last, after being nearly two months at sea, the 
 welcome cry of " Land ! " made his heart beat fust 
 and John Rowlands caught his first sight of the New
 
 60 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS, 
 
 World. The sbip had sighted one of the Bahama 
 islands, and in due course the Tortugas reefs were 
 passed, and the coast of Florida rounded. 
 
 The Gulf of Mexico is about as strange and fasci- 
 nating a part of the world as a young Britisher could 
 wish to find himself in. The people are not very 
 barbarous, nor very uncivilized, but there is a lazy 
 languor and ease about them, a prodigality and 
 luxuriance in the vegetation, and even in the very 
 air, which captivates the youth who has been 
 accustomed to a hard, matter-of-fact life, and longs 
 for something in the Robinson Crusoe style. 
 
 Boats, filled with fruit of enormous size, and in 
 charge of dusky fellows, wearing great straw hats, 
 come alongside ; and as every particle of tobacco and 
 other luxuries in 'the ship have long since been used 
 up, a brisk marketing in fruit and tobacco is soon in 
 full swing. 
 
 Miles away from the mouth of the Mississippi, the 
 brown turbid sea tells of the vast volume of water 
 it pours into the Gulf; and if any of the crew were 
 learned enough he would be told how the wanner 
 waters of this great river materially assisted in 
 forming the Gulf Stream, which, from its higher 
 temperature, gives us our humid genial climate, and 
 keeps our rivers and seas from being frozen up during
 
 THE THREE BOARS HEADS, VALE STREET, DENBIGH. 
 
 THE EVENING RESORT OF JOHN ROLLANT, THE ELDER.
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 61 
 
 winter, like the Baltic and the estuaries of its inflow- 
 ing rivers. 
 
 Great tug-boats are prowling about in search of 
 ships requiring towing up to New Orleans. John. 
 Rowlands never saw craft like these before. They 
 resemble enormous flat-bottomed boats, and have a 
 fire on deck, the glare of which at night on the open 
 sea may be seen for a long distance. Between the 
 two funnels or smoke-stacks, a tall ladder is placed, 
 and perched upon the top of it is the lookout man. 
 
 Signals being exchanged, one of these huge, un- 
 gainly craft comes alongside, and the sailing vessel is 
 taken in tow, and soon they are on the broad waters 
 of the Mississippi. 
 
 New Orleans is about 100 miles up the river, and 
 every mile of the ascent would be of deep interest to 
 John Rowlands. The old picture-books he knew so 
 well at Mold and St. Asaph, giving illustrations of the 
 sugar-cane, the cotton-plant, and broom-corn, are now 
 realized. Here, on a mud bank, lay an alligator, 
 while its fellow dropped lazily into the murky stream ; 
 there, a lot of niggers were at work on a tobacco or 
 cotton plantation, the overseer noticeable from Ins 
 white pants and broad straw hat, just as the picture- 
 books had shown them. 
 
 At length New Orleans is reached, the ship is secured
 
 62 LIFE OF JOHN ROWLANDS. 
 
 alongside the "Levee," the hands are discharged, and 
 John Rowlands steps on shore a free man for no 
 one there above- fourteen cares to be called a youth 
 in a free country, and with his fortune before him. 
 
 Instead of going further up the Mississippi, to the 
 healthier Western States of Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, 
 as emigrants usually do, the condition of John Row- 
 land's finances made it necessary for him to seek a 
 berth in New Orleans. 
 
 Although such a deadly town, being built on a 
 drained marsh, beneath the level of the river, New 
 Orleans, or the Crescent City, as it is often called, 
 has fascinations of its own, which would induce an 
 older emigrant than John Rowlands who was not 
 old enough to trouble himself about its unhealthy 
 climate to brave its perils. The remains of its 
 French origin are conspicuous in the manners and 
 customs of the people ; and its amusements are 
 numerous and varied. There is less drive and hurry 
 than in the more practical New York. Wages are 
 higher, and not so much work is expected in re- 
 turn. 
 
 After many inquiries in the business thoroughfares 
 John Rowlands found there was a vacancy in the 
 office of a merchant of the name of Stanley, and 
 ji. >an aged to secure the appointment. John's intelli-
 
 A CHANGE OF NAME. 63 
 
 gence and activity soon attracted the attention of 
 his master, and, in all likelihood, the trials of his 
 early years excited his sympathy and touched his 
 heart. Mr. Stanley, having no children of his own, 
 became after a time so attached to Rowlands, that he 
 promised to take charge of his fortunes, and adopt 
 him as heir to the bulk of his property. This induced 
 him and no doubt his master approved of the step 
 to assume the name of Stanley ; and from this time 
 forward with only one exception, as we shall see he 
 invariably subscribed himself, HEXRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 Mr. Stanley's sudden and unexpected death before 
 he had executed a will, again threw our hero upon 
 his own resources, as the relatives took possession of 
 everything, and were not likely to look with a kindly 
 eye on the young man who had so narrowly escaped 
 coming between them and what they would naturally 
 suppose to be their rightful inheritance. 
 
 Their treatment of him must have been exceedingly 
 harsh, as in the letters sent by him to his friends in 
 Wales at the time he complains bitterly of their 
 conduct. 
 
 When his friends and acquaintances in Denbigh 
 and its neighbourhood heard that John Rowlands had 
 changed his name, they were not surprised. In Wales, 
 nothing is more common than for a man, when he has 
 
 E 2
 
 64 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 achieved some success as a writer, to assume a bardic 
 or literary patronymic, which he generally prefers 
 to his proper and baptismal name. 
 
 The change of name being thus satisfactorily 
 established, we shall, for the remainder of our nar- 
 rative, speak of the John Rowlands, whose fortunes 
 we have so far followed, as HENRY M. STANLEY, a 
 name which he has now made well known throughout 
 the civilized world. 
 
 There was one of his relations in Denbigh who 
 did not receive the announcement of Mr. Stanley's 
 change of name with the tolerant feeling accorded to 
 it by his other friends and acquaintances. This was 
 good Mrs. Parry, his aunt, of whose ki ruin ess to him 
 when at St. Asaph we have already spoken. 
 
 On the occasion of his visiting Denbigh, several 
 years after the events we are now detailing, she took 
 him sharply to ta.^k for having adopted an alias. 
 
 " What is the meaning of this, John ? " she 
 said ; " honest people in this country don't change 
 their names, and you can't better yourself by doing 
 so." 
 
 The good lady had her patience tried even more 
 severely on account of a like offence occurring in the 
 family some years afterwards. Mr. Stanley's half- 
 sister, Emma, in recommending herself for a situation
 
 JOINS THE CONFEDERATES. 65 
 
 in the Denbigh Grammar School, was so proud of her 
 brother and his achievements, that she actually adopted 
 his name, and subscribed herself " Emma Stanley." 
 Mrs. Parry liked the second offence even less than she 
 did the first, and she expressed herself with con- 
 siderable warmth to the culprit herself. 
 
 " What, another preposterous change of name in 
 the family ? Why should you make a fool of your- 
 self in this way ? People will only laugh at you 
 and serve you right, too." 
 
 After the death of his master, there is a period of 
 nearly two years, during which we have little trace of 
 Mr. Stanley's doings or whereabouts. Were it not 
 that we look upon his letter to Mr. Ollivant as a good 
 joke at the expense of his Welsh friends, we should 
 conclude from his statement therein that he was in 
 Arkansas. 
 
 When the American Civil War broke out, as might 
 have been expected of a young man of his tempera- 
 ment, he enlisted in the Confederate Army. In 
 speaking of this episode in his career several years 
 after, he is reported to have said that " he joined the 
 ranks of the enemies of his country, because he knew 
 no better." During his service with the Confederates 
 he took part in all the engagements fought by General 
 Johnstone, up to and including the battle of Pittsburgh
 
 66 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 Landing. The battle commenced on Sunday, the Gth 
 of April, 1862. The first day's fighting resulted in 
 the defeat of the Federal forces under General Grant, 
 but the latter, being reinforced by General Buell, 
 renewed the engagement on the following day, and 
 defeated the enemy ; General Johnstone being among 
 the killed. Many Confederate prisoners were taken 
 in the retreat, among whom was Mr. Stanley. 
 
 While being conveyed with a number of others to 
 prison, Stanley determined on effecting his escape 
 and in the most daring manner burst through the 
 armed escort, and, plunging into a river, swam across 
 and got clear off. More than a dozen shots were 
 fired at him, but he escaped without a scratch In 
 speaking of this adventure to his friends, he jokingly 
 attributed his getting off in safety to his small 
 size. 
 
 He returned to England immediately after making 
 his escape, and on arriving in Liverpool, went straight 
 to North Wales and visited his mother at Bodelwyd- 
 dan, where she was then staying. As he was nearly 
 penniless, and did not present a very thriving appear- 
 ance, his reception among his friends was not en- 
 couraging. Meeting with so little sympathy, and 
 seeing no opportunity of bettering his position if he 
 remained in Wale?, Stanley returned to Liverpool in
 
 CHANGES SIDES. 67 
 
 nearly ns helpless circumstances as on the occasion of 
 his first visit. 
 
 In the interval, he had fortunately discovered that 
 one of his father's relatives (an uncle, we believe) 
 resided in Liverpool. Making his way to his uncle's 
 house, he was well received, and took up his abode 
 there for several months, and found employment 
 during the day in a subordinate position in a mer- 
 chant's office. Quarrelling with a cousin, of about his 
 own age, he shipped for America without a moment's 
 warning, and being very scantily provided with 
 means, worked his passage a second time across the 
 Atlantic. 
 
 As he landed in a Federal State (New York), he 
 was exposed to arrest as an escaped Confederate 
 prisoner, but he got over this difficulty in a manner 
 highly characteristic of his enterprising disposition. 
 He enlisted as a common seaman in the Federal 
 Navy. 
 
 His entering the Federal Navy afcer serving in the 
 Confederate Army need occasion no surprise : it was 
 the readiest career open to him, and one that would 
 protect him from any unpleasant consequences on 
 account of his previous connection with the Southern 
 Army. As he had only spent four years iu the 
 Southern, and a few weeks in the Northern State. 1 ",
 
 68 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 and these the closing years of his boyhood, he 
 could hardly look upon them as having much claim 
 upon him of a patriotic kind. 
 
 He entered the Navy early in 1863, and rapidly 
 obtained promotion. Young men of Stanley's mettle 
 soon pushed their way to the front in the heat of the 
 deadly struggle between the North and South. In a 
 brief sketch of his life, written by himself for a, friend 
 in Denbigh, with the contents of which his old friends 
 are familiar, he says that at the end of a month's 
 service he was promoted to be clerk of the ship (the 
 Ticonderoga). At the close of the fourth month, 
 when his intelligence and ability became known, he 
 Avas appointed secretary to the Admiral the Ticon- 
 deroga being the flag-ship. 
 
 These apparently un warlike appointments did not 
 prevent him from embracing opportunities of showing 
 the stuff that was in him, and his next step in pro- 
 motion was the fitting reward for a most gallant and 
 daring exploit. 
 
 In the heat of an action he swam 500 yards under 
 the fire of a fort mounting twelve guns, and fixed a 
 rope to a Confederate stea-j.er, out of which the crew 
 had been driven by the Federal fire, thus enabling the 
 Ticonderoga to secure her as a prize. 
 
 lie vas raised to the rank of ensign on the spot,
 
 THE "TICONDEROGAr 69 
 
 with a salary of 350 per annum. He would 
 appear to have still fulfilled one or other of his former 
 clerical duties, as he speaks in the memoir alluded to 
 of having managed by hard work to increase his pay 
 by d^lOO per annum. 
 
 He fought in several engagements, both on sea and 
 land, and concluded his fighting career as a naval 
 officer, by taking part in the second attack on Fort 
 Fisher, on the 13th of January, 1865. The Federal 
 fleet was supported by a strong military force under 
 General Terry, but this great stronghold did not sur- 
 render without making a desperate defence, in the 
 course of which many lives were lost by the attacking 
 forces. 
 
 Ten months after this decisive engagement, the 
 Tlconderoga was sent on a cruise, and arrived at 
 Constantinople in the summer of 1866. Getting 
 leave of absence, he went direct to England, and 
 stayed some time with his mother at her house at 
 Bodelwyddan. 
 
 He visited Denbigh several times, and there are 
 dozens of friends there who remember seeing him, 
 and noticing that he was dressed in American naval 
 uniform. He was in better circumstances than on 
 the occasion of his former visit, and no doubt found 
 his stay more agreeable.
 
 TO LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 He paid several visits to distant places, and on one 
 occasion called upon Mr. Laing, the well-known 
 photographer at Shrewsbury, for the purpose of 
 having his likeness taken in his United States naval 
 uniform. 
 
 Six years later, when his discovery of Dr. Living- 
 stone had given him a world-wide fame, Mr. Laing 
 remembered young Stanley calling at his studio, and 
 at ones printed off a number of copies of his photo- 
 graph, and it was this portrait, representing him as a 
 youthful naval officer in a not very well fitting frock- 
 coat, which first did duty in the London stationers' 
 windows before the Stereoscopic Company took him, 
 sunburnt and grey-headed, in a dozen different 
 positions. 
 
 Although every one knew that he had assumed the 
 nair.e of Stanley, he was thought of and addressed as 
 John Rowlands, and singularly enough for the time 
 being he re-assumed his original name. 
 
 On visiting the old Castle, which must have brought 
 
 O * O 
 
 many of the associations of his early days to his 
 mind, he made the following entry in the " visitors' 
 book " :
 
 AT ST. ASAPH AGAIN. 
 
 December 14>th, 1866. 
 
 John Rowlands, formerly 
 
 of this Castle,* now Ensign in the United 
 States Navy, in North America, belonging to 
 the U.S. ship " Ticonderoga " now at Con- 
 stantinople, Turkey, absent on furlough. 
 
 He visited the public School at St. Asaph, and 
 this visit became a red-letter day in the minds of the 
 children, as they were regaled with tea, buns, and 
 sweetmeats all, we presume, at Mr. Stanley's ex- 
 pense. In his old name he addressed the children at 
 considerable length. In the course of his remarks, 
 he pointed out the great usefulness of such an insti- 
 tution, and told them how thankful they should be 
 for the kindness shown to them ; he reminded them 
 that he had been for years a scholar there himself^ 
 and that any progress he had made in the world, and 
 any success he might hereafter attain, he would at- 
 tribute to the excellent education he had received 
 there. The same advantages were enjoyed by them, 
 
 * We have already explained that the house in which he was born was 
 within the old boundaries of the Castle, and that it, and several other 
 houses so situated, were spoken of as being in the Castle in fact "the 
 Castle."
 
 72 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 and the same opportunities of success and advance- 
 ment in life existed for them as for him. He con- 
 cluded his address which was much applauded by 
 the children "by intimating that he would visit them 
 again at the earliest opportunity. 
 
 It is not difficult to imagine the excitement which 
 such a visit and such an address would create in the 
 School 
 
 The sight of the handsome young man, in his naval 
 uniform, would, we hope, lead many of them to feel 
 that, notwithstanding adverse circumstances, a bright 
 future might yet be in store for them. Here was 
 one who had been nearly round the world, and 
 had been helping to make history as a soldier 
 and a sailor, who only ten years previously was in 
 exactly the same position as themselves. The dull, 
 monotonous routine of their daily life had been illu- 
 minated for them by this visit. And from that time 
 they would know that in the great world there is 
 room even for the fatherless and the friendless. 
 
 The Board of Management of the School were 
 very much pleased at this visit. One of their number 
 tells us that " he came gratefully, and, I may say, 
 gracefully, to see his former acquaintances, and to 
 return thanks to the Governors of the School for the 
 kindness he had formerly received, and to show how
 
 ST. ASAPH'S SCHOOL. 73 
 
 well he had merited the indulgence shown to him, and 
 the Lopes formed of him." 
 
 Many people, both at Denbigh and St. Asaph, 
 remember this visit, and speak warmly of the pleasure 
 his appearance and manifest success in life afforded 
 them. 
 
 We have already alluded to the old apple-woman 
 at Denbigh, who knew him in a moment as the St. 
 Asaph schoolboy whose successful future she had pre- 
 dicted years before. He was very desirous of taking 
 one of the boys from the School at St. Asaph with 
 him, and the Governors regretted much they could 
 not do this ; none of the boys being at that time 
 old enough to warrant their being sent out into the 
 world. 
 
 As all our informants speak emphatically as to 
 the excellent management of the Public School at St. 
 Asaph, and as Mr. Stanley himself bore striking testi- 
 mony to this in his visit to it recorded above, we have 
 made special inquiries regarding the daily routine 
 observed in it. 
 
 After prayers, breakfast, and the learning of lessons, 
 the children attend in the school- room from 9 a.m. 
 until noon, when dinner is served. After dinner the 
 time is devoted to play until 2 p.m., in the grounds 
 or in the house, according to the state of the
 
 74 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 weather. From 2 to 4 p.m. the boys over nine years 
 of age are either employed in cleaning inside the house 
 and in keeping the grounds in order, or in shoemaking, 
 tailoring, gardening, c. The children under that, age 
 are again in the school-room from 2 to 4. From 4 
 to 8 p.m. is devoted to play, with the exception of 
 the time required for supper and prayers. 
 
 The children, us we have seen, receive a good, 
 plain English education, and are now, we believe, as 
 fortunately situated, as regards the zeal and qualifica- 
 tions of the teacher, as they were in the days of good 
 Mr. Francis. 
 
 There are usually from 40 to 45 boys in the 
 School, and from 25 to SO girls. The girls are in- 
 structed in sewing and other household duties. 
 
 The dormitories contain from ten to twelve iron 
 bedsteads apiece. The children sleep in couples; a boy 
 or girl of over nine yea^s of age having as bed-fellow 
 one of the younger boys or girls, for whose safety and 
 comfort they are considered answerable. 
 
 The Bishop and Clergy of St. Asaph and the dis- 
 trict, as we have shown, take a warm interest in the 
 welfare of the children. Any boy showing more than 
 ordinary intelligence is encouraged, and the bent of his 
 mind discovered, so that he may be put to the trade 
 or business most suited to his abilities and desires.
 
 ROWLANDS. OR STANLEY? 75 
 
 This supervision, together with the kind interest taken 
 in the amusements of the children by the neighbour- 
 ing gentry, cannot fail to have a marked bearing in 
 their progress and future. 
 
 Altogether, the Public School at St. Asaph may be 
 spoken of as a model institution of its class ; the out- 
 side sympathy and active interest brought to bear 
 upon it being to the full as important and valuable 
 as its admirable internal management. 
 
 Before leaving, he left with his mother a photograph 
 of himself, taken shortly after his second visit to 
 America. Another photograph, taken soon after 
 his arrival in New Orleans, with an inscription 
 in his own handwriting on the back, originally sent 
 to a cousin, a son of his Aunt Parry's, was then in 
 his mother's possession. 
 
 At this date, and long afterwards, as we sha'l see r 
 John Rowlands arid Henry M. Stanley were one and 
 the same person to the good folks of Denbigh, and 
 Mr. Henry M. Stanley made no difficulty as regarded 
 his being recognized as John Rowlands, of Denbigh 
 and St. Asaph's. 
 
 On leaving Wales, at the expiration of his leave, 
 he did not rejoin his ship, but went direct to New 
 York, nor does it appear that he ever rejoined her. 
 Possibly, as the Civil War had come to a close, he
 
 76 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 resigned his commission, seeing no prospect of speedy 
 advancement. 
 
 Prior to this Mr. Stanley had been the hero of a 
 most extraordinary adventure. On the appearance of 
 the reports of the discovery of Livingstone by Stanley, 
 and a facsimile of a letter addressed by the former to 
 Mr. Bennett, the proprietor of the Neiv York Herald, 
 a Mr. Lewis H. Noe wrote to the New York Sun, 
 giving the details of Avhat, according to his showing, 
 was a mad hare-brained travelling exploit of Mr. 
 Stanley, a Mr. Cook, and himself. As Noe's account 
 of this adventure is mixed up with a large amount 
 of virulent abuse of Mr. Stanley, and as he makes 
 charges against his character as a man of honour and 
 a gentleman, which have not been substantiated, we 
 will not draw on his account for the incidents and 
 accidents which befel the party. We only allude to 
 Mr. Noe's statement, because it was owing to its 
 publication that the details of the journey became 
 known. 
 
 Mr. Stanley has been the hero of so many marvellous 
 adventures during his brief career, that he evidently 
 does not think it worth his while to enter into any of 
 the details of this particular exploit. Fortunately, 
 Mr. E. Joy Morris, at that time United States 
 Minister to Turkey, while clearing Mr. Stanley from
 
 THE CKOSS FOXES, GLASCOED. 
 
 Near St. Asaph. 
 
 KEPT BV MRS. JONKS, THE MOTHER OF HENRY M. STANLEY.
 
 SMYRNA. 77 
 
 f 
 the cluirges made against him by his former travelling 
 
 companion, gives us strange details of this mad 
 expedition. 
 
 It would appear that Mr. Stanley was the leading 
 spirit and initiator of this adventure, Mr. Cook and 
 Mr. Noe being induced to join him from their 
 admiration for his adventurous character. 
 
 They landed at Smyrna, a place which in itself, 
 and on account of the important part it played in 
 ancient times, as related in classical and Biblical 
 history, was very likely to suggest itself as a starting- 
 point to a bold and imaginative young man, who was 
 desirous of becoming acquainted with strange peoples 
 and foreign lands. Mr. Stanley would have no diffi- 
 culty in submitting to his two friends a tempting 
 programme of the country they proposed to explore, 
 and of the sights, ancient and modern, that would 
 arrest their attention in and around the city from 
 which their journey would commence. Perhaps no 
 city and district in the East, save Jerusalem itself, is 
 so rich in associations likely to impress the youthful 
 mind. Let us glance at a few of these attractions. 
 
 Smyrna, the largest and most important city in 
 Asia Minor, is of unknown antiquity, and has even 
 been claimed by some as the birth-place of Homer. 
 It is beautifully situated at the head of a spacious 
 
 F
 
 ;S LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 bay, and occupies the level ground at the La.se and 
 the sloping sides of Mount Pagus, which is crowned 
 by the ruins of a once mighty citadel. 
 
 It was the " crown of lona" of the ancient, and K 
 the " Izmir the lovely " of the modern, Turk. 
 
 It was the seat of one of the " Seven Churches ''" 
 of the Apocalypse, and its remains are now more 
 perfect than those of any of the others. 
 
 Ephesus, forty miles to the south, and Sardis, fifty 
 miles to the east, have almost nothing to show of their 
 ancient grandeur, save a ruin-strewed plain ; while 
 Pergamos, now Bergama, forty-eight miles to the 
 north ; Thyatira, now Ak-Hissar, sixty miles towards 
 the north-east ; Philadelphia, now Alla-Shehr, eighty- 
 five miles to the east ; and Laodicsea, now Eske-Hissar,. 
 120 miles to the south-east, are only unimportant 
 Turkish villages. 
 
 At Ephesus the ruin and destruction are so com- 
 plete that, until recently, no traces of the famous 
 Temple of Diana, one of the seven wonders of the 
 world, could be found.* The ruins of its Theatre, 
 however, where Paul delivered his famous address to 
 the " Men of Ephesus," can still be distinctly traced. 
 
 The scenes of several of the great exploits of 
 
 * A drum belonging to one of its columns, with sculptured figures, 
 has recently been placed in the I3riti.sU Museum.
 
 A FAMOUS COUNTRY. 79 
 
 Alexander the Great are close by. Mount Ida, which 
 looks down upon the plains of Troy, is not far off, 
 and within a fortnight's journey mountains rivalling 
 the Alps in grandeur can be reached, while the entire 
 country offers a boundless field for adventure. 
 
 The population of Smyrna is over 150,000, one 
 half of whom are Greeks, Jews, Armenians, and re- 
 presentatives of all other European countries ; the 
 other half are Turks. The Frankish quarter extends 
 along the 'shore, and is handsome and well-built, 
 boasting clubs and reading-rooms and other places of 
 civilized resort, equal to those at any second-rate 
 European city. The streets are filled with a motley 
 crowd of bearded and turbaned Turks, veiled Turkish 
 women, Greek women in their classic garments, made 
 so familiar to us in ancient sculptures, sailors of all 
 nations, dervishes, camels, and camel-drivers. 
 
 The famous caravan bridge across the Meles, which 
 passes through a portion of the town, is constantly 
 crowded with files of camels bearing bales of mer- 
 chandise from the far East, and forms an interesting 
 and animated scene to the European stranger. 
 
 After a stay of about a week in Smyrna, the party 
 procured horses, and departed unattended into the 
 interior, with that reckless audacity characteristic of 
 youth and high courage. 
 
 F 2
 
 8o LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 When little more than a day's journey from 
 Smyrna, they stopped to rest during the heat of 
 the day. Mr. Stanley had retired to some distance, 
 leaving Mr. Cook and Mr. Noe resting under the 
 shade of some trees adjoining a vineyard. Mr. Cook 
 had fallen asleep, and Noe, with all the imprudence of a 
 boy he was barely nineteen years of age set fire to 
 some scrub near where Mr. Cook was reclining, with 
 the view of giving him a fright, a practical joke 
 which brought consequences with it not dreamed of 
 by the youth. 
 
 The fire having caught the dry scrub, spread to the 
 vineyard, and did a good deal of damage before it 
 could be .extinguished. Noe fled to Smyrna; Mr. 
 Stanley and Mr. Cook were arrested and taken to the 
 nearest guard-house. As their papers were found to 
 be all correct, and Mr. Stanley threatened the local 
 authorities with all manner of pains and penalties if 
 they were detained, they were set at liberty after 
 spending a night in durance. 
 
 Stanley and Cooke returned to Smyrna, and, after 
 finding Noe, started again for the interior. Mr. 
 Stanley was so angry with Noe, that, when they got 
 clear of the town, he gave him a sound caning, and to 
 this bit of " discipline " we probably owe the attempt 
 on the part of the latter gentleman (spoken of later
 
 A TURKISH BRIGAND. 81 
 
 on) to injure his old friend in the eyes of the 
 public. 
 
 All but ignorant of the language and customs of 
 the people, and totally unable to withstand the attack 
 of any armed band of Turkish robbers they might 
 come across, the three young men travelled for some 
 sixteen days, and reached Chi-Hissar, about 300 miles 
 from Smyrna. They received little kindness from the 
 people they came in contact with, and were invariably 
 cheated in any transactions they had with them. 
 
 From the insolent attitude of the people, it was 
 quite evident to anyone except, of course, to these 
 ardent youths what treatment they would receive, 
 should they make the slightest mistake in their 
 movements. 
 
 Near Chi-Hissar, Noe had been guilty of some 
 imprudence, which exposed him to personal chastise- 
 ment on the part of an armed and truculent-looking 
 Turk, the chief of a gang of brigands. In the ex- 
 citement of the moment Stanley drew his sword,* and 
 struck the Turk a blow over the head, which must have 
 killed him but for the folds of his turban. As it was, 
 he was stunned ; and his followers beginning to 
 assemble, and looking dangerous, Stanley and his 
 
 * Mr. Stanley appears to have a liking for this particular weapon. 
 Headers of the letters detailing his journey to Ujiji, will remember that 
 he was armed with a formidable sword when he left Zanzibar.
 
 82 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 friends mounted their horses and galloped off towards 
 the mountains. 
 
 Knowing nothing of the route they were pursuing, 
 they rode right into the robbers' head-quarters, and 
 were immediately seized, stripped of half their 
 clothing, all their papers and money, and grossly ill- 
 treated. Poor Noe fared worst of all, as he was led 
 aside and treated in a manner so peculiarly shocking, 
 that neither Mr. Stanley nor himself explain the 
 nature of the indignity put upon him. 
 
 Imagining that they might have hidden money and 
 valuables just before they were captured, the robbers 
 bad recourse to several methods of torture to induce a 
 confession as to where such might be found. They 
 drew them up over the limbs of trees with ropes and 
 lariats round their necks, and sharpened tulwars in 
 their presence, with many a threat as to the chances of 
 their throats being cut. 
 
 Having, at the end of several days, come to the 
 conclusion that they had no more money than had 
 been found upon them, the robbers determined to 
 escape any consequences that might result from their 
 ill treatment of the Franks, by making a charge 
 against them of having nearly murdered one of their 
 number in an attempt at robbery. With this view 
 they took their prisoners to Afiun-Kara-Hissar, about
 
 STANLEY AND THE CADI. 83 
 
 twelve miles further into the interi r, and brought 
 them before the Cadi. 
 
 The charge of attempted murder and robbery was 
 laid before the Cadi, supported by an amount of 
 detail and \vitness-po\ver, which might have resulted 
 awkwardly for the luckless travellers but for the 
 ready wit and keen eyes of Stanley. He had noticed 
 that several of the robbers had some of his and his 
 friends' papers and belongings concealed about their 
 persons. 
 
 Addressing the Cadi, Mr. Stanley said that so far 
 from having attempted to rob their captors, they them- 
 selves had been robbed of everything they possessed, 
 and if certain members of the party were searched 
 (here he pointed with his finger to some of the 
 robbers) evidence of his assertion would be found. 
 
 On the men being searched, the papers and other 
 property of the travellers were, as Stanley had said, 
 found upon them. 
 
 This discovery produced a reaction in the mind of 
 the Cadi which Stanley knew well how to improve. 
 The case was desperate, but the daring young fellow 
 was quite equal to it. He had been long enough in 
 America to know how to flaunt the stars and stripes 
 and to throw the consequences likely to ensue from 
 insulting it in the persons of citizens of the country
 
 84 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 that owned * in the face of a Turkish magistrate, 
 exercising his office within 300 miles of'an accredited 
 representative of its Government. 
 
 The result was that in the course of a few minutes 
 the relative position of the parties was changed. 
 
 The Turks were at once placed under arrest, and 
 sent to Broussa for trial. The three travellers, 
 minus what little money they originally had, were in 
 a sorry plight as regarded their backward journey. 
 
 A Mr. Pelesa, of the Ottoman Bank at Afiun-Kara- 
 Hissar, to whom Stanley made known their circum- 
 stances, gave them some clothing, as they were all but 
 naked, and a small sum of money, which enabled them 
 to start on foot for Constantinople. The courage and 
 genius which had carried them so far when mounted 
 on horseback, armed, and provided with means, were as 
 nothing in comparison with the generalship displayed 
 in finding their way back in so helpless a condition. 
 
 In going to Constantinople instead of Smyrna, 
 we can recognize Mr. Stanley's sagacity. At the 
 capital of the country the potent representative of 
 the United States was to be found, and Stanley was 
 shrewd enough to know that justice in Turkey was as 
 laggard as it was uncertain, and would require the 
 most rigorous efforts to make it move and operate in 
 the right direction. Uncle Sam's "tallest" repre-
 
 UNCLE SAM IN TURKEY. 85 
 
 sentative in these parts was required to waken up the 
 Oriental mind to a proper respect for the persons and 
 property of those he claimed as his children, and no 
 time was lost in appealing to him. 
 
 Mr. Stanley found an opportunity of informing 
 Mr. E. Joy Morris, the United States Minister to 
 Turkey, that three American citizens were bearing 
 down upon him, ragged and bruised, who had been 
 robbed and maltreated by infidel robbers ; and 
 Mr. Morris, who was then staying at his country 
 residence, Bujukdere, on the Bosphoius, repaired to 
 the Embassy at Constantinople to receive them. 
 
 Mr. Stanley was evidently, even then, quite aware 
 of the power of the press in matters of this description, 
 as he forwarded before his arrival in Constantinople a 
 graphic and telling account of their misadventures to 
 the Levant Herald* 
 
 This prompt and skilful generalship on the part of 
 Stanley made them the heroes of the hour with the 
 Fiankish community when they arrived. Mr. Morris 
 and the American Consul- General were waiting to 
 receive them, and notwithstanding that they had been 
 prepared for witnessing a case of suffering and desti- 
 tution, the forlorn appearance of the three youths 
 startled them. Mr. Stanley's clothing, if clothing it 
 
 * Given at the end of this work.
 
 S6 LIFE OF HENRY M, STANLEY, 
 
 could be called, consisted almost exclusively of a 
 single over-covering ; he had neither shirt nor stock- 
 angs, and his companions were in no better plight. 
 
 Mr. Morris would appear to have been a model 
 minister, for he at once advanced Mr. Stanley 150 
 without security of any kind. 
 
 When Mr. Noe, Stanley's companion in this 
 Eastern excursion, recently wrote an abusive letter 
 to the New York Sun, Mr. Gordon Bennett, of the 
 Herald, directed a reporter to interview Mr. Morris, 
 who was then residing at Atlantic City. The reporter 
 readily found the ex-Minister, and at once despatched, 
 intelligence to his journal. The first subject which 
 occupied his attention was the personal appearance, 
 occupation, &c. of the gentleman : 
 
 " Mr. Morris is small in stature and slight in frame ; 
 tmt the delicate face and the high, open brow give 
 evidence of a rare intellect and a keen perception of 
 human nature in all its phases. His cottage fronts 
 on the sea; and when I arrived I found the ex- 
 Minister reading a copy of the Herald containing the 
 account of the search expedition to sleepy Sayville,* 
 .and he was laughing heartily at the narrative." 
 
 In answer to the question whether he had assisted 
 
 * The Reporter had interviewed Noe a few days before (see quotations 
 later on), and evidently felt proud that an ex-Minister should have been 
 treading his account when lie waited upon him.
 
 MR. MORRIS. 87 
 
 Stanley with money, Mr. Morris said : " I relieved 
 his inore pressing neccessities and advanced him a 
 loan of money to procure an outfit for himself and 
 liis companions. I considered it to be my duty to do 
 this, both as American Minister, and as an American 
 who was bound by the tie of nationality to stand by 
 my countrymen in distress I ad- 
 vanced the money as a loan, asked for no security, nor 
 was there any offered. Some time after, Mr. Stanley 
 inconsiderately gave me a draft, but I looked upon 
 this as altogether superfluous, and did not attach much 
 value to the act, though it may have been well 
 meant. The draft proved valueless, but it is unne- 
 <jessary to enter into details of a transaction which has 
 been long satisfactorily settled between Mr. Stanley 
 
 and myself. I may state, however, 
 
 that the action of Mr. Stanley was superfluous in 
 another way, as Mr. Cook, Stanley's fellow traveller, 
 came to me after the money had been sent and assumed 
 all responsibility connected with the loan, stating that 
 if the money was not recovered from the Turkish 
 .government he would personally indemnify me, giving 
 
 me his American address 
 
 " The Turkish outlaws were taken to Broussa, on the 
 Sea of Marmora, and after some time had elapsed 
 they were placed upon trial. As there was no
 
 88 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 American Consul at the place, I obtained from Lord 
 Lyons a promise that the British Consul, Mr. Sandi- 
 son, should watch the trial and attend to the interests 
 of ray clients, Stanley, Cook and Noe, who were all 
 present as witnesses at Broussa. 
 
 "The Turks were placed upon trial and attempted 
 to defend themlseves, but the evidence against them 
 was overpowering. Some of the effects of Stanley 
 and his party were found upon their persons, includ- 
 ing 300 dollars which the party carried, and they 
 were convicted and sentenced to various terms of 
 imprisonment. 
 
 " I had Stanley and the others draw up an inventory 
 of the effects which had been lost, and they attested 
 to the losses upon oath as being in every instance 
 correct. I then forwarded the claim to the Turkish 
 Minister, including the money advanced by myself, 
 which of course, was included among the losses. The 
 entire amount, as near as I can recollect, was about 
 twelve hundred dollars, and the claim was prosecuted 
 on our part with the greatest vigour and pertinacity. 
 
 " Stanley and Noe left for England, and Cook re- 
 mained some time behind settling affairs. Before 
 separating, an agreement was entered into between 
 them and me that if I recovered any money it was to 
 be sent to Cook, as, I believe, it was he that bore the
 
 A PROMISE TO PAY. 89 
 
 expenses of the journey to Smyrna. Soon after Cook 
 left also. I urged the claim time after time upon the 
 Turkish government, but did not meet with much 
 success, a'i there was no disposition shown to pay, and 
 at length I was about to abandon the prosecution of 
 the claim in despair when the Turkish Minister of 
 Foreign Affairs, Saferet Pacha, called upon me at my 
 residence and offered to compromise the case by giving 
 u smaller amount, alleging that the Sultan did not 
 wish the shadow of a difference to exist with the 
 United States over the affair. I had some conversa- 
 tion with the Grand Vizier, Ali Pacha, about the same 
 time and to the same effect, and I accepted the pro- 
 position in the amicable spirit in which it was offered. 
 " The money was paid, and I first took out of it 
 the \ 50 which I had lent. According to my agree- 
 ment, I was to have deducted interest, but I did not 
 do so, merely taking the exact sum. The balance of 
 the money I sent to Cook. I forgot to say that when 
 I thought the money could not be recovered I sent 
 instruct' ons to my lawyer in Philadelphia to commu- 
 nicate with Cook and remind him of his promise to 
 repay. This was done, and Cook acknowledged his 
 indebtedness, but, at the same time, stated that he 
 wished to know if I had exhausted all reasonable 
 efforts to recover from the Turkish Government. Of
 
 90 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 course, when the claim was allowed, no repayment on 
 his part was necessary." 
 
 On being asked by the Herald correspondent when 
 he saw Mr. Stanley again, Mr. Morris said : " During 
 the last year of my official residence in Turkey. In that 
 year a distinguished American clergyman called upon 
 me at the embassy and asked me, did I remember 
 anything about a person named Stanley. I answered 
 in the affirmative, and he then stated that Mr. Stanley 
 had desired him to call relative to a long-standing 
 debt of 150, which, he believed, was owing to me, 
 which had never been settled, and which he was 
 desirous to pay. I told the clergyman (who is now, 
 I think, a professor in Dickinson College) that the 
 matter had been long settled, and that I had been 
 paid. The gentleman further stated that Mr. Stanley 
 desired to call upon me, and I replied that he was at 
 perfect liberty to do so. The same evening Mr. 
 Stanley and the clergyman, who were both stopping 
 at the Hotel de Byzants, called, and by invitation 
 remained to dinner. The two gentlemen had come 
 on from Egypt together, and the clergyman had an 
 admiration which almost amounted to veneration for 
 the character of the Herald correspondent." 
 
 Reporter " Was Mr. Stanley much changed ia 
 Lis appearance and manner ? "
 
 MR. MORRIS AND STANLEY. 91 
 
 Mr. Morris " Wonderfully. The uncouth young 
 msiK whom I first knew had grown into a perfect 
 man of the world, possessing the appearance, the 
 manners, and the attributes of a perfect gentleman. 
 The story of the adventures which, he had gone 
 through, and the dangers he had passed during his- 
 absence, were perfectly marvellous, and he became the 
 lion of our little circle. Scarcely a day passed but 
 he was a guest at my table, and no one was more 
 welcome, for I insensibly grew to have a strong ad- 
 miration, and felt an attachment for him myself- 
 Instead of thinking he was a young man who had 
 barely seen twenty-six summers, you would imagine 
 that he was thirty-five or forty years of age, so* 
 cultured and learned was he in all the ways of life. 
 He possessed a thorough acquaintance with most of 
 the eastern countries, and as I took an interest in all 
 that related to Oriental life, we had many a talk 
 about what he had seen and what I longed to 
 see." 
 
 The reporter winds up his labours in a way 
 characteristic of the license permitted to the American 
 press : 
 
 "Thanking Mr. Morris for his courtesy, the re- 
 porter withdrew, more than ever impressed with the 
 opinion that Noe is not, nor ever has been, anything.
 
 92 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 but a " (here the reporter employs terms which 
 
 are far too forcible for our narrative). 
 
 English travellers complain bitterly of the difficulty 
 in getting the British lion to wag his tail in foreign 
 parts, when that sublime animal ought to be rou>--<l 
 into activity for the benefit of the unfortunate. Wo 
 trust our representatives abroad who may happen to 
 read the above, will profit by it when some unfortu- 
 nate Brown, Jones, or Robinson falls among thieves in 
 his reckless holiday wanderings. 
 
 We may mention that Mr. John Livingstone, a 
 brother of the great traveller, who resides in Canada 
 within some twenty miles of the Falls of Niagara, was 
 also visited, and copies of his famous brother's letters 
 to him, received at different times, were got from him 
 for reproduction in fac-simile in the Herald. 
 
 The reporter tells us that when John Livingstone 
 arrived at his present residence, all his belonging, 
 animate and inanimate, were conveyed there on a 
 sledge. His prosperous condition as a store-keeper 
 and farmer is minutely detailed, and the inscription 
 on his sign is reproduced in capital letters in such a 
 way as to lead us to believe that it, like Dr. Living- 
 stone's letters, is presented to the reader in reduced 
 fac-simile. The family history is given in minute 
 detail, and from it one is pleased to find that a worthy
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF STANLEY'S AUTOGRAPH. 
 
 
 C-*v- ^Le 4e<3 
 
 /, ^ 
 
 *u^ ^^ 
 
 
 t*~~ 
 
 (T 
 
 (Written in 1868. // compared wA />r. iifinflron' handwriting ot anoAr pa0e, <ft dijTerence ICT/J 
 6 at once teen.)
 
 INTER VIE WING, 93 
 
 man who found his position a hard one in his own 
 land, like thousands of his countrymen, has found 
 success in the Far West, although the rehearsing it in 
 the columns of a newspaper is somewhat of a shock 
 to our ideas of propriety. But an American " inter, 
 viewing " reporter considers nothing sacred ; if his 
 victim has a pirnple on his nose, or looks as though he 
 had had too much liquor the previous night, he makes 
 a note of it without compunction. 
 
 But the most extraordinary feature connected with 
 this Yankee custom of interviewing all sorts of people 
 in the interest of newspaper readers, is the resig- 
 nation with which the party interviewed submits to 
 the torture. The ancient mariner who held his hearer 
 with " his glittering eye," was not a whit more potent 
 than a New York reporter when he pulls out his 
 note-book, without any further preliminary than, 
 " I have called from the New York Herald to learn 
 all that you know about so-and-so." The victim 
 patiently permits himself to be cross-examined in a style 
 that would do no discredit to an Old Bailey Counsel. 
 
 So thoroughly did the New York Herald work the 
 Stanley-Noe business, that some thoughtless persons 
 actually went the length of saying that the New York 
 Sun was the property of Mr. Bennett, and that that 
 astute gentleman did not regret the appearance of the 
 
 G
 
 94 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 Noe charges at a time when the interest in the great 
 feat he had accomplished through Mr. Stanley was 
 beginning to flag. 
 
 The date of the expedition from Smyrna is given 
 by Mr. Stanley, Mr. Morris and Mr. Noe, as " the 
 summer of I860." During this time, as we have 
 seen, Stanley was an ensign in the United States 
 Navy. He was in England on leave of absence 
 towards the end of that year, the entry in the 
 visitors' book at Denbigh Castle, bearing date 
 December 14th, 1866. 
 
 The explanation of the apparent conflict between 
 his service on board the Tlcondcroga and his journey 
 from Smyrna is, that he may have originally intended 
 to employ his leave of absence in this journey, but 
 abandoned it altogether after the misadventures which 
 befell it, and went to England. 
 
 Our supposition is beset with difficulties. We 
 have seen that when he presented himself before 
 Mr. Morris at the American Embassy, he was all but 
 naked ; if the Ticonderoga had been at Constanti- 
 nople at the time, or even if she had gone, and he 
 had had the uniform with him in which he figured in 
 Wales, lie would hardly have introduced himself in 
 such a guise as he did. Mr. Morris's silence in regard 
 to his connection with the Navy, which would have
 
 INDIAN VENGEANCE. 95 
 
 been an additional inducement of great weight for 
 him to exert himself in his behalf, is singular, seeing 
 that he is so minute in all other respects. A man of 
 Stanley's ready wit, would hardly fail to comprehend 
 that the United States' uniform would have been 
 more potent with the Minister of that country than 
 the ragged garments, eloquently as they spoke of the 
 sufferings he had endured. 
 
 Mr. Morris tells us that Noe accompanied him to 
 England, and the latter, in his letter to the New York 
 Sun, states that he visited with him at the house of 
 Stanley's uncle in Liverpool. 
 
 Early in 1867, Mr. Stanley returned to the United 
 States, and for some time acted as correspondent of 
 the Missouri Democrat, and the New York Tribune, 
 in General Hancock's expedition against the Kiowa 
 and Cheyenne Indians. 
 
 Mr. Stanley's letters are filled with details of 
 horrible massacres of the whites by the Indians, pro- 
 voked, according to his account, by the long-continued 
 ill-usage they had received at the hands of the former. 
 We can only find room for his account of one notable 
 instance of Indian vengeance. 
 
 A band of Sioux Indians made a raid upon the 
 railway near Fort Kearney, over two hundred miles 
 to the west of Omaha. 
 
 G 2
 
 96 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 Meeting several telegraph repairers, they slew and 
 scalped them, one man only, James Thomson, an 
 Englishman, escaping with his life. We give his 
 account of it, as reported by Mr. Stanley : 
 
 " ' He (the Indian) took out his knife and stabbed 
 me in the neck, and then, making a twirl round his 
 fingers with my hair, he commenced sawing and 
 hacking away at my scalp. Though the pain was 
 awful, and I felt dizzy and sick, I knew enough to 
 keep quiet. After what seemed to be half an hour, 
 lie gave the last finishing touch to the scalp on rny 
 left temple, and as it still hung a little, he gave it a 
 jerk. I just thought then that T could have screamed 
 my life out. I can't describe it to you, it just felt as 
 if the whole head was taken right off. The Indian then, 
 mounted and galloped awa}', but as he went he 
 dropped my scalp within a few feet of me, which I 
 managed to get and hide.' .... Drs. Peck 
 and Moore of this city (Omaha), will endeavour to 
 reset the scalp on his head, and they are confident 
 they can do it well. As he is a strong man, it is 
 expected that he will recover health and strength." 
 
 The Indians had blocked up the line in order to 
 upset the trains, murder the passengers, and plunder 
 the baggage. Poor Thomson could have stopped 
 the train if the Indians had not been about him, but
 
 HUMAN DEM OX S. 97 
 
 lie had to lie there in his agony, knowing that it was 
 going rapid!}' on to destruction. 
 
 After the crash, and as soon as every man found 
 in the train had been despatched, "The Indians com- 
 menced breaking open the doors of the cars with their 
 tomahawks. They tlten threw out boxes of dry 
 goods, consisting of fancy silks and worsted shawls, 
 lacfs, calicoes, domestic linen, paper collars, boots and 
 shoes, blankets, hats, and one box of assorted ribbons. 
 This List seemed to take their fancy greatly, as they 
 decorated themselves with long pieces of various 
 coluiirs. As they galloped along they streamed be- 
 hind, causing them to look like May-day mountebanks. 
 
 " The ponies were also decorated in every conceivable 
 
 manner Kegs of whisky were taken 
 
 out, and bungs knocked in, and copious draughts of 
 the fire water were drunk in honour of the victory 
 over the pale faces and the ' heap heap wagon.' 
 Towards morning, the Indians set fire to the wreck, 
 throwing fire from the furnace inside the box-cars 
 among the furniture." 
 
 Another train would have run into it, but for the 
 escape and presence of mind of the conductor of the 
 juined train, named Kinney. Feeling certain that the 
 accident was the work of Indians, he quietly jumped 
 tlown, " after securing a red flag, and ran with all
 
 98 LIFE OF HENRY Jlf. STANLEY. 
 
 speed backward along the track to meet the train, 
 whose reflection was seen glaring brightly like a star 
 above the dark horizon. The yells of the Indians 
 sounded savage and shrill to the lonely man running 
 for life, who was ever looking anxiously behind. . 
 
 . . . Onward he sped gasping for breath, the 
 blood almost gushing from his parted lips and dilated 
 
 nostrils Almost unable to stand, 
 
 he staggered like a drunken man on the track, and 
 allowed the rays of the powerful reflector to fall upon 
 him while he energetically raised his flag. The 
 engineer of the train happily saw him, and imme- 
 diately whistled ' down brakes/ " and the train was safe. 
 " Some people," Mr. Stanley goes on, " assert that 
 white men led the Indians to the work. This cannot 
 be true, however, as no person ever saw a white man 
 leading them, if you will except Charley Bent, a half- 
 breed, son of Colonel Bent, of St Louis. The young 
 fellow is capable of the most atrocious deeds. 
 
 He is the most maligna-.it diomy of the 
 whites among the Indians, and would .stop short at 
 nothing to obtain scalps." 
 
 One letter concludes with the following pertinent 
 remark : 
 
 " Why can't the American people make lasting and 
 true treaties with the Indians? our Canadian, neigh-
 
 A RAFT VOYAGE. 99 
 
 bours do so. It is scarcely a year ago that the 
 ' Crows/ friendly Indians, tore up the paper treaties 
 or what you may please to call the pieces of paper 
 which are given them." 
 
 It was on his return from this expedition, we 
 believe, that he, along with a companion, built a 
 raft, and floated down the Platte river to its con- 
 fluence with the Missouri, a distance of 700 miles. 
 
 This was an exploit strikingly illustrative of the 
 enterprising character of Stanley, for we may safely 
 assume that it was instigated by him. Travel by the 
 lumbering stage down the valley of the Platte, for 
 700 miles, would have been a dull and prosaic 
 method of finding his way back to civilization after 
 several moriths' raid against the Indian tribes of the 
 far west. A raft voyage was not without its dangers ; 
 the Indians might prove hostile, an unexpected 
 encounter with a snag might shiver the raft into its 
 respective fragments and drown the two voyagers, or 
 a grizzly bear might pay a visit to their night encamp- 
 ment on the banks of the river and make an end of 
 them. But dangers like these would only give a zest 
 to the adventure. 
 
 The valley of the Platte, or the Nebraska as it is 
 commonly called, is not a very fertile region, and con- 
 sequently not in favour with settlers. As the high
 
 ioo LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 road to Oregon passes up the valley along the course 
 of the stream, every twelve or fifteen miles there is a 
 station where the stage changes horses, arid the 
 passengers procure refreshment. But for these, miles 
 would be passed without seeing a single white man. 
 
 For a great portion of its course, the river has 
 made for itself a smaller valley, bounded by pic- 
 turesque bluffs of various-coloured clay. Over these the 
 grassy hills of the prairie can be seen, relieved in many 
 places against a background of lofty mountains. 
 On the more commanding of the heights, they would 
 see the ruins of those forts, the scene of man}' a fierce 
 struggle between the red men and the pale-faces, gene- 
 rations ago, when the former attempted in vain to 
 stay the stream of energetic life pressing on to occupy 
 the land of their fathers. The soil between the ruin 
 and the clay bluffs is exceedingly fertile, and is covered 
 with willows and cotton wood, from which a Pawnee 
 or a Sioux Indian would now and again emerge to 
 gaze upon the lonely voyagers. 
 
 A bear or a buffalo, exercising a like curiosity, 
 would afford them a chance of using their rifles, and 
 the abundance of game at particular places would 
 tempt them as they could stop or go on at their 
 pleasure to enjoy a day's sport. We can fancy 
 Stanley stopping at an Indian encampment, and
 
 TRAVELLING CORRESPONDENT. 101 
 
 holding a palaver and smoking the pipe of peace with 
 grave chiefs, or astonishing the }*ounger red-skins by 
 his reckless courage in a bear or buffalo hunt. At 
 the stage- way houses, or the ranclte of a settler who 
 made agriculture, and cattle, horse, and pig breeding 
 subsidiary to the keeping of a dram and provision 
 store, several pleasant evenings would be spent in the 
 company of the rough and bardy emigrants on their 
 way to Oregon. 
 
 After passing through the great central prairie, the 
 primeval forest closes in upon the river, and the sound 
 of the woodman's axe would ring almost continually 
 in their ears, telling them that they were rapidly .ap- 
 proaching the region of civilization, where they 
 would have to resort to a more prosaic mode of 
 locomotion. 
 
 Shortly after his return to New York, he received 
 the appointment of travelling correspondent to the 
 New York Herald, at a salary of 600 a year a 
 position for which his ability, daring character, and 
 great experience in travel admirably fitted him. 
 
 His first important duty in this new capacity was 
 to accompany the forces under the command of 
 General Sir Robert (now Lord) Napier, for the relief 
 of the English Captives detained by King Theodore 
 at Magdala.
 
 102 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 In passing through England on his way to Abys- 
 sinia, he met several of his family by appointment 
 in London, and made them acquainted with his 
 position and prospects. On this occasion he informed 
 them that for the future he wished to be known only 
 as Henry M. Stanley. 
 
 While in America he had never lost sight of his 
 relations, but maintained a constant correspondence 
 with them, and when in- Abyssinia he communicated 
 with them as opportunity offered. 
 
 His correspondence with friends at Denbigh was not 
 confined to his family ; a. young lady, whose ac- 
 quaintance he made there, in 18GG, received many 
 letters from him. It was to this young lady that 
 Stanley sent the brief memoir of himself which has 
 already been alluded to. Although condensed into a 
 few pages, giving a brief account of his life from his 
 earliest years down to his departure for Abyssinia, it 
 has passages of power and pathos, which would have 
 been no discredit to the pen of Charles Dickens. It 
 concludes with a remark, to the effect that, with a 
 salary of 600 a year, a farm of his own in Iowa, 
 and still below middle age, he might review his career 
 and prospects without fear. 
 
 With this same lady, who knew him both as John 
 Kowlands and as Henry M. Stanley, he left a card
 
 " THE YANKEE." 103 
 
 which identifies Lira as the correspondent of the New 
 York Herald at Madrid. 
 
 When we consider the trials which beset his early 
 years, and that every step he had gained was the 
 result of his own unaided effort, his position was one 
 on which he might fairly enough congratulate himself. 
 
 His duties as correspondent of the New York 
 Herald were admirably performed. His reports were 
 written with great dramatic- power and vigour, and 
 he could boast that, by his energetic activity, he stole 
 a march upon his English brethren, and was able to 
 publish intelligence of the fall of Magdala in the 
 columns of the New York Herald a full day before it 
 was known in London even to the English Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 The English officers who accompanied General 
 Napier, well remember the active correspondent of 
 the Herald. He was invariably spoken of as "the 
 Yankee/' and the skill he showed in travelling, and 
 in managing his tent and baggage, astonished some 
 of the old Indian campaigners. On one occasion 
 they all thought Stanley had got lost, or had been 
 carried off, with baggage and attendants, in the 
 night. But after a few hours, the Herald corre- 
 spondent turned up safe and sound. He had only 
 been try rug a fresh route.
 
 104 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 The arrangements Stanley had to make for the 
 quick transmission of intelligence to Massowah, and 
 thence to New York, must have cost the proprietors 
 of the Herald an enormous sum of money. But with 
 a millionaire, in the person of Mr. Bennett, at his 
 back, Stanley cared nothing for expense. His in- 
 structions were to get the "earliest intelligence," and 
 that he sent off regardless of cost or of his own comfort. 
 The books published by English officers upon the 
 Expedition contain many allusions to him, and we 
 believe Stanley himself tells an amusing anecdote of 
 an English military swell, glass in eye, who suddenly 
 came across him in a particularly wild spot in the 
 African desert, and calmly surveyed him from head 
 to foot, without moving a muscle of his face or 
 saying a word. The swell particularly wanted to 
 make an enquiry of Stanley as to the direction of 
 the road, but he dared not open his mouth he 
 had not been properly introduced to "the Yankee." 
 
 However, to get back to England. 
 
 Immediately on his arrival in London from Abys- 
 sinia, he wrote to his mother, asking her to visit 
 him in London, and to bring his cousin (a daughter of 
 Mrs. Parry) with her. Mrs. Jones, who by this time 
 had removed from Bodelwyddan, and was keeping the 
 "Old Castle Arms," within the castle grounds at Den-
 
 RETURN FROM ABYSSINIA. 105 
 
 bigb, lost no time in informing her sister-in-law of this 
 request, adding, that her son was to pay all expenses. 
 As Mrs. Parry declined to let her daughter accompany 
 her, Mrs. Jones took one of her own daughters who 
 was then staying in a situation at Rhyl with her, 
 and spent a couple of days with her son in London. 
 
 Shortly after the return of Mrs. Jones and her 
 daughter, to Denbigh, Mr. Stanley paid a visit to that 
 town, taking up his quarters at the "Old Castle Arms" 
 with his mother. He brought several Abyssinian 
 trophies with him, among which were two native 
 helmets, a staff, and a curious smoking cap and pipe. 
 These were shown to all the visitors at the house. 
 
 He was now a man of note, and when the news of 
 his arrival spread, his friends flocked to see him, and 
 the townspeople called in at the " Old Castle Arms" to 
 drink their beer and inspect the trophies. He brought 
 two photographs with him (both still in the posses- 
 sion of Mrs. Jones). One had been taken in Constan- 
 tinople, and has Arabic characters on the back ; the 
 other had been taken in Africa, and included his 
 Indian boy Abdoola, who accompanied him in the 
 expedition. The latter picture, according to the 
 account of those who have seen it, did duty in the 
 Penny Illustrated Paper, after the discovery of 
 Livingstone, as Stanley and his boy Kalulu.
 
 io6 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 Stanley stayed for some weeks at his mother's house, 
 rarely going out, and employing most of his time in 
 writing. His old friends saw little of him, and were 
 inclined to be disappointed at his seclusion. 
 
 This retiring habit was so singularly at variance 
 with his practice during his former visit, as to give rise 
 to considerable talk among the good folks of Denbigh. 
 Then the. smart young naval ensign hunted up all his 
 old friends and acquaintances, appeared to be particu- 
 larly pleased at being recognized, and was not at all 
 reticent on the subject of past adventures and present 
 circumstances. Now, the Denbigh folks were begin- 
 ning to be proud of their townsman, but could not 
 imagine why he declined to be made the lion of the 
 place during his stay. 
 
 As the correspondence with the young lady we have 
 already alluded to came to a close about the time of 
 this visit, the more gossiping among them hinted at 
 tills as a reason for his not making himself so familiar 
 as before. They could no more imagine that he could 
 be too busy to be bothered with them, than that he 
 could find amusement in setting their tongues and pens 
 going to prove he was a Welshman, by a jocular 
 denial of his country. 
 
 Among other things left with his mother at this time 
 was a copy of a history of " The Abyssinian War,"
 
 THE "MISSOURI DEMOCRAT? 107 
 
 with his name stamped upon it, and a Scrap-book, 
 containing copies of his articles contributed to the 
 Missouri Democrat, written when with General 
 Hancock's expedition. While at Denbigh an ad- 
 dition was made to this scrap-book, which illustrates 
 greatly the pleasure it gave him to recall some of 
 his boyish experiences. Visiting an old friend, he was 
 shown several drawings he had executed while at 
 St. Asaph. He at once recognized them, recalled the 
 circumstances under which they were made, and ap- 
 peared so pleased at seeing them, that his friend begged 
 his acceptance of them. Mr. Stanley thanked him 
 warmly for this thoughtful kindness, and placed them 
 in the scrap-book along with the newspaper cuttings. 
 
 After ho had gone, when friends and acquaintances 
 dropt into the " Old Castle Arms/' Mr. Stanley and 
 his fortunes, for a considerable time, formed a subject 
 of conversation. A gentleman informs us that on one 
 occasion, when his name was brought up, his half-sister 
 said, " Where do you think my brother is now ? I 
 have just heard from him." No one being able to 
 guess, she said, " Why, he is in Madrid ! " 
 
 What Mr. Stanley was about during the interval 
 between his departure from Denbigh in 1868, and his 
 start in search of Dr. Livingstone in, 1871, can be 
 gathered from several sources. He was in Madrid
 
 io8 LIFE OF HENRY M, STANLEY. 
 
 during the revolution which resulted in the flight of 
 Queen Isabella, in his capacity of correspondent of the 
 New York Herald, and visited several other of the 
 great cities of Continental Europe. 
 
 A correspondent of the Daily News, who " inter- 
 viewed " him during the meeting of the British Asso- 
 ciation, in reporting what he said in regard to the 
 conducting and providing for his expedition in search 
 of Livingstone, makes him say that 
 
 '"If I had not had my experience in Abyssinia 
 during the war, in Persia, in Crete during the rebel- 
 lion, and in the Caucasus, to guide me, I should have 
 failed ; and this simply because I should have cumbered 
 myself with the wrong things, or have set out with 
 too many men, or have been otherwise unpractical. 
 But with a man like Bennett at my back, and neither 
 routine, nor jealousy, nor aught else but failure to fear, 
 what had I to do but find Livingstone ? ' 
 
 Mr. Stanley was present at the opening of the Suez 
 Canal, and was met at Suez by Mr. J. Macgregor, of 
 Hoi Roy canoe celebrity, who was then on his way 
 to the Jordan. Mr. Macgregor says in a note to 
 p. 42 of "The Rob Roy on the Jordan " :- 
 
 " At Suez I met the foreign correspondent of the 
 New York Herald, who was waiting there to receive 
 Dr. Livingstone, then expected every day. This active
 
 TRY PERSIA. 109 
 
 little Yankee had accompanied the armies of India, 
 Sadowa, and Abyssinia, and had now 1,000 ready 
 wherewith to telegraph to the American press every 
 word he could get from the lips of the explorer. Such 
 world- wide interest has this hero of Africa ! 
 
 Mr. Morris, the United States Minister to Turkey, 
 whom we have already quoted, says that he saw Mr. 
 Stanley for the second time in Turkey in 1869, when 
 the latter informed him that he had a roving commis- 
 sion for the New York Herald, and as he had nearly 
 exhausted all known countries, he was somewhat at a 
 loss where next to direct his wanderings. 
 
 Mr. Morris suggested Persia, as it was "an unex- 
 plored country, and would well repay a visit if you 
 could get back with your life ; but as I know you do 
 not fear danger, no consideration of personal peril 
 would, I think, deter you." 
 
 Mr. Stanley did not take long to think over the 
 proposal, and having made up his mind to go, with 
 his usual promptitude, he set about his preparations for 
 the journey at once. Mr. Morris provided him with 
 letters of introduction to such merchants as he knew, 
 and to the Kussian authorities in the Caucasus, 
 Georgia, and other countries. He also introduced 
 him to the Russian Ambassador at Constantinople, 
 who was so much impressed with him that he 
 
 H
 
 i io LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 made extra exertions to facilitate his progress to the 
 mysterious home of the Grand Llama. Mr. Morris 
 says : 
 
 " I had some time previous to this had a Henry rifle 
 sent me from a friend in New York, as a specimen of 
 American art, and this I presented to Stanley, with 
 my best wishes for the success of his undertaking. 
 
 " He started on the desperate enterprise some time 
 after, and my table thereby lost one of its most en- 
 tertaining guests. When I say desperate enterprise 
 I mean it, for Persia is to a European a practically 
 unexplored country ; and in consequence of its weak 
 government and the marauders with which it abounds, 
 a journey from Zanzibar to Unyanyembe would be a 
 safe trip compared to it. How Mr. Stanley accom- 
 plished the task he undertook, the columns of the 
 Herald will tell. I received a letter from him, while 
 on the way, narrating the hospitable manner in which 
 lie had been entertained by the Russian authorities, 
 and the way in which he had astonished them by the 
 performances of his Henry rifle. His journey through 
 the Caucasus and Georgia was a sort of triumphal 
 march, though he was looked upon as a lost man by 
 all who knew anything of the East. 
 
 " The route he took was an entirely new one, ns he 
 went in a kind of zigzag way to Thibet, and he
 
 A BORN TRAVELLER. in 
 
 must have possessed a charmed life to have come 
 through so much peril in complete safety. 
 
 " After this affair I returned home, and I did not 
 hear of Mr. Stanley again until I heard of him as the 
 discoverer of Livingstone." 
 
 On being asked if he was astonished at hearing of 
 the latter fact, Mr. Morris replied, "Not in the slightest. 
 I should be astonished at no feat in the line of travel 
 that he might accomplish. He is a born traveller, and 
 I used to say to myself at my table in Constantinople, 
 * Here is a man who will yet achieve greatness, and 
 leave his mark behind him in the world.' He has all 
 the qualities which the great explorers possessed 
 Mungo Park, Humboldt, and Livingstone himself a 
 hardy frame, unflinching courage, and inflexible per- 
 severance. If such a thing were possible, that I were 
 forced to become a member of a band to undertake 
 some forlorn hope, some desperate enterprise, I know 
 of no one whom 1 would so readily select as the 
 leader of such an undertaking as Henry Stanley." 
 
 The intrepid young traveller was not long in start- 
 ing off with a single servant on a journey which Mr. 
 Morris characterized as being more dangerous than 
 that from Zanzibar to Unyanyembe. 
 
 Mr. Stanley not only carried out his tour through 
 Persia successfully to the astonishment of the 
 
 H 2
 
 ii2 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 European residents lie met with but pushed iiis 
 way right through Asia Minor to Himlostan, land- 
 ing at Bombay in September 1870. 
 
 People not yet beyond middle nge will remember 
 the fate of Colonel Stothard and Captain Connolly, 
 who were murdered by the natives in endeavouring 
 to carry out a similar enterprise, and the hardships 
 endured by Dr. Wolff in his efforts to discover and 
 clear up the mystery of their disappearance. Nearer 
 our own time Captain Burton succeeded in penetrat- 
 ing to places never before visited by Europeans, after 
 acquiring a perfect mastery of the language, and 
 travelling in the habit of a deivish. 
 
 As there was no object to be piined by the 
 success of this daring exploit which would engross 
 the attention of the civilized world, it had been so 
 completely forgotten that at one time the English 
 newspapers were puzzling themselves to account for 
 Stanley's doings between his Abyssinian journey and 
 the start to find Dr. Livingstone. 
 
 The Times of India, August 22nd, 1872, in no- 
 ticing this perplexity as to Mr. Stanley's movements, 
 printed the following : 
 
 'As our contemporaries of the English press are 
 wondering who Mr. Stanley, the dauntless adventurer 
 who discovered Livingstone in such a clever manner,
 
 PERSIAN LETTERS. 113 
 
 can be; they will find, if tliey turn to our Overland 
 Summary for October 1st, 3870, four letters from Mr. 
 Stanley, signed ' Stanley/ in the first of which he 
 .says : ' I have but lately arrived in Bombay, after an 
 overland trip via Constantinople, Tiflis, B.ikou, 
 Teheran, Ispahan, Shiraz, and Bushire.' The letters 
 referred to are headed, ' Persia ; the Famine in Ispa- 
 han.' ' The Russians in Western Turkistan/ 'Persia; 
 the Shah in the Telegraph Office.' ' General Stoletoff 
 upon the Central Asian Question/ ' ; 
 
 Turning to a file of the Times of India we find 
 the four letters referred to. The first, that on General 
 Stoletoff, appears in the issue for September IGth, 
 1870. 
 
 The series is introduced by the following editorial 
 note : 
 
 " "We publish to-day the first of a short series of 
 letters on Western Central Asia and Persia, which we 
 fetl sure will be read with interest. They are written 
 by a gentleman connected with the Press of America, 
 who has lately travelled through the countries he de- 
 scribes. This imparts to these letters additional value, 
 as the writer is entirely free from that jealousy and 
 bias by which the judgment of people in India is so 
 unconsciously affected. We may have occasion to 
 refer to the contents of these letters again, but mean-
 
 ii4 LIFE OF HENRY 31. STANLEY. 
 
 while our object- is merely to draw attention to the 
 graphic narratives of an observant writer, ' who has 
 seen many cities and many peoples. 
 
 One or two touches in the first letter are worth 
 quoting. He says : 
 
 " I was sitting tite-a-tete with Madame Kaiubakini, 
 wife of the Governor of Bakou, and by talking 
 rapidly and wisely, as I imagine 1 must have done, 
 I had succeeded in making the dear, good, kind 
 madame, a staunch friend. M. !e Governeur was 
 there also, astride of a chair (for it was in his own 
 salon), trying to stimulate conversation and mutual 
 friendship with rare Rabetian and Ramadan, and 
 Khyfe (coffee Osmanlij, with a sprinkling of bn* 
 mots of Russian officialism judiciously put between the 
 occasional sips. And there was Orphean iraisic, iiiuxt 
 rarix.'<hi</, Calling through the wile salon*, the latter 
 effused Jroni tfie prehensile and tremulous digits of a 
 galaxy of fair ones" 
 
 General Stole toft' en lei's the salon, and is introduced 
 to Mr. Stanley, who characteristically describes him : 
 " lie was the embodiment of an enthusiasm which 
 was transitive and elec.ric.i . The face of him 
 was as that of a hero free, c;.r,did, out-spoken, 
 lie lookjd one s'.raigU in the eye without flinch- 
 ing, /s he ta'ked he won your sympathy; as he
 
 TALL TALK. 115 
 
 gestured you almost imitated him; as he explained 
 you understood him. He \vas youngish-looking, 
 possibly forty years old, much sunburnt, with clean- 
 shaven face, except the upper lip, which was adorned 
 with a miniature eagle-winged moustache. As your 
 Indian people are so local, they v/ill understand me 
 when I say that Stoletoff, in look and size, is like 
 Colonel Fraser, 1 1 th Hussars ; in prudence a very 
 Robert Napier ; in dash fervid ; terrible like 
 Colonel Penn, of the Artillery, when he pitched his 
 tiny shell into the Abyssinian loot maniacs on the 
 slope of Fahla." 
 
 This tall writing somewhat startled a local Indian 
 journal, which commented upon it in this wise : 
 
 " This is positively admirable ! The writer is evi- 
 dently afraid that his account of this Russian general 
 who could look into his eye without flinching, and 
 was dashing, fervid, terrible, might frighten the Anglo- 
 Indians, so he comforts them with the possession of 
 Colonel Frazer, of the 11 th Hussars, Robert Napier, 
 and Colonel Penn the latter of whom was dashing, 
 fervid, terrible, when he threw a shell into Magdala 
 among a swarm of cowed and helpless savages." 
 
 The conversation between Mr. Stanley and Mr. 
 Stoletoff related to the suspicions of the Anglo-Indians 
 MS to the designs of Russia upon Central Asia ; and
 
 ii6 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 this "terrible fire-eater " assured him that their designs 
 were "purely commercial." He said, 
 
 " If Russia had merchants as enterprising as the 
 English are, it had been done long ago ; but, un- 
 fortunately, she has not. The Government has to 
 take the initiative in everything, so that every move- 
 ment made by it incurs suspicions, which, I can assure 
 you, are perfectly groundless. I will give you an 
 instance of Russian apathy. About five miles from 
 here (Bakou), at Soukhaneh, are naphtha wells pro- 
 ductive of immense wealth, yet Russian merchants, 
 cognizant of this important fact, were for a long time 
 indisposed to work them upon speculation, until the 
 Government moved in the matter ; then they came 
 down from St. Petersburg by the dozen, and have 
 now very large establishments for the refining and 
 distilling of the petroleum. In the same way is it 
 with Central-Asian trade. Our merchants, being so 
 timid and unspeculative, will not venture to Khiva and 
 Bokhara because one or two of their number have 
 been hardly treated, until the Government has cleared 
 the way, and established colonies and fortlets for 
 tbeir protection. In the time of Peter the Great, 
 General Bikovitch, and in the time of Nicholas and 
 Alexander, Mouravieff, father and son, explored the 
 eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, and having found
 
 XL'SSIAJV DESIGNS. 117 
 
 Krasnovodsk, they pronounced it to be the best port 
 offering the best position for a city to invite 
 Asiatic trade of any on the other side of the Caspian. 
 But the want of water, sweet and wholesome, and 
 the constant raids made by the Tekies (Turkoman 
 tribe) on the new colony which they endeavoured to 
 plant there, finally caused its abandonment as im- 
 practicable." 
 
 His own special part of the programme was ic to 
 march" (oddly enough, with a powerful force) " to 
 a point half way between Khiva and the Aarl Sea, 
 along the ancient bed of the Amou Darya (Oxus), 
 and cut the dyke which the Turkomans had erected, 
 to prevent the Amou flowing towards the Caspian, 
 and permit the river to resume its ancient course." 
 
 He goes on to state that any number of expeditions 
 will be easy afterwards, as he will plant colonies 
 of Russians along its course, besides trees, and wiJ.l 
 irrigate the plains, &c. 
 
 l( After this, our movements will be easy enough, 
 and a railroad will be built to Khiva, which city 
 must necessarily surrender, riot merely to military 
 views of Russia, but to our trade and commerce." 
 
 As this philanthropic scheme of General Stoletoff 
 involved the re-capture of Samarcand and its per- 
 manent occupation, and the making a vast territory
 
 uS LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 a desert, in order that another great tract of country 
 under the influence of Russia might be made fruitful, 
 and furnish a watery highway for steamers from the 
 Caspian to Bokhara, we hope that Mr. Stanley's 
 first letter had as agreeable an effect upon Anglo- 
 Indians generally, as it did upon the alarmed jour- 
 nalist whom we have just quoted. 
 
 The second letter, which appeared on the 19th 
 September, is taken up with a geographical and 
 statistical analysis of Stoletoff's scheme, and is of 
 singular interest at the present time, when Russia 
 would appear to be carrying out the schemes so freely 
 explained to Mr. Stanley. He says : 
 
 " This letter will furnish you with a few more notes 
 about the Russian settlement of Krasnovodsk, and the 
 projected military advance to Khiva. 
 
 " The outline of a negro's foot would make a very 
 good plan of Michael's Bay. The sole of the foot 
 with the toes turned east would represent the north 
 shore ; Achilles' tendon, the spit of sand running 
 miles south ; and the heel, the bulging Cape on which 
 is situate the commercial settlement. The greatest 
 length of the Bay is sixty-five miles, its greatest 
 breadth fifteen miles. It would safely harbour the 
 entire Caspian fleet of Russia. 
 
 ''The town of Krasnovodsk contains a population of
 
 A NICE COUNTRY. 119 
 
 about t()0 civilians and 100 government people. Its- 
 trade is progressing slowly but surel} r . A few weeks 
 beiore I entered Krasiiovodsk, there arrived a caravan 
 consisting of nearly 1,000 camels from Khokand. A. 
 dozen or so of sailing vessels are employed between 
 the port and Astracan, and by this time the regular 
 mail steamers call there weekly. 
 
 "The little outpost constructed, as I told you in my 
 last, by StoletofF in the Valley of the Kuvo-dagh, may 
 be said to be the first of a series of forts which shall 
 eventually connect Krasnovodsk with Kohne Urjendsli. 
 and Chodsheilli. 
 
 "If a view of the country between Krasnovodsk and 
 Kuvo-dagh, a distance of about sixty miles, may be 
 taken as a criterion whereon to base an idea respect- 
 ing the interior of the Tekie Land, I must confess 
 that Stoletoff will prove himself a genius if he can 
 successfully march his troops to Kohne Urjendsh. For 
 its outlook is that of mighty swells and dunes of 
 sand and sandstone, an intricate jumble of ravines and 
 craggy rock, of infinite dry water courses, miniature 
 plateaux, and grey hills, which latter amass them- 
 selves as they trend over the east end of Michael's- 
 Bay into the Balkhan bulk Great and Little Balkhan~ 
 
 " From the head of Michael's Bay to Chodsheilli 
 the dry bed of the Oxus proceeds north-easterly, irk.
 
 120 LIFE OF HENRY M. STAXLEY. 
 
 an almost straight line, 370 English miles. This is 
 what Stoletoff has to march over. Chodsheilli is a 
 large town in the Khiva Khanate, situate on the 
 branch of the Oxus flowing into the Aral sea, 120 
 miles by the river from the sea, and 125 miles by 
 the caravan road from Khiva, the capital of the 
 Khanate. The most fertile portion of the Khanate 
 is on the western or Cis-Oxiana side the capital 
 itself (ancient Carezme) being forty miles west of the 
 river, watered by several canals, the largest of which 
 is the Pahlawan Canal. The Oxus llows towards 
 Aral at the rate of three and a half miles an hour, 
 until it gets below Chodsheilli, where the Gxian delta 
 begins, when the sands and many channels weaken 
 considerably the mighty force with which it swept 
 past Chodsheilli. Hence, when the Oxus enters 
 Taldyk Bay by its principal debouchure, it has lost 
 all the characteristics of a great river, being neither 
 deep nor wide, and utterly unnaviguble except for 
 very light draught steamers." 
 
 Previous to Io7">, when the first dam was con- 
 structed, which diverted the Oxus from flowing Caspian- 
 wards, the country, now a desert, was thickly populated 
 and exceedingly fertile, ilr. Stanley sees nothing 
 impracticable in General Stoletoif's .scheme, and looks 
 upon it with favour. He says:
 
 STOLETOFF'S IDEA. 121 
 
 ' ; Hence we may conclude, and accept it as almost a 
 certainty, that Stoletoff's idea is possible of realization. 
 As the Caspian was the natural receptacle of the Oxus 
 even as late as the sixteenth century, as the Aral Sea 
 is 110 feet higher than the Caspian, as the Oxus at 
 Chodsheilli is 175 feet higher than its ancient mouth 
 below Kuvo-dagh, as the steppe now such a sea of 
 aridity now <-o treeless and shrubless was formerly 
 well cultivated, the ruined towns and villages along 
 the banks of the empty river-bed, sites of Tuncklu, 
 Beivchdischilc, Kanga-Tagan, Turpana, Gugunek, Sar- 
 katy and others testifying to that fact, with many 
 half-filled wells scattered along the river-bed besides, 
 as the man appointed to cut the dyke is a travell< r of 
 great experience, having twice travelled the country 
 between Krasnovodsk and Khiva with the Mouravieffs, 
 why not? 
 
 "I firmly believe that General StoletofFis the Lesseps 
 designed to perform the great undertaking of restoring 
 life to the desert stepfe of Turkestan to that land 
 which beheld the glories of St-ljuk, Alp Ar?lan, of the 
 Shepherd Monarch Ma'tk, Zinghis Khan, and Timour 
 
 L-ng. 
 
 " Those who have studied the growth of commerce in 
 Asia, and the various routes frequented by the caravans, 
 will not forget that the trade between China, India
 
 122 LIFE OF ///fAYv'F J/~. STANLEY. 
 
 j\nd Europe was carried on by this very route on which 
 '.Stole toff's attention is fixed. 
 
 " We have had an example lately of an ancient high- 
 way of nations re-opened to the world iu the Isthmus 
 of Suez, and there is reason to believe that the Oxus 
 will be made again subservient to the uses of man. 
 
 " When the Bactrians occupied the province now 
 "known as Turkestan, the silks of China and the 
 spices and precious stones of Hindostan were con- 
 veyed to the sources of the Oxus in the Bolor range, 
 and floated down that river to the Caspian sea, 
 thence transported across to the mouth of the Cyrus 
 (Kur), then towed up to Suram and Gori, conveyed 
 across the Perenga range to Cyteis (Kutais), and 
 floated down the Phasis to the Black Sea. 
 
 "A railway is nowbsing constructed from Poti on the 
 Black Sea to Bakou on the Caspian, which has already 
 reached Kutais, a distance of sixty-nine miles from 
 Poti, and within two years will have reached Bakou. 
 
 "There are 200 English Engineers engaged on it, 
 besides two regiments of Russian troops doing penance, 
 and 2,000 Caucasian navvies. 
 
 " This railway will replace the rafts and barges 
 employed by the ancients on the Cyrus and Phasis. 
 From Bakou, a line of steamers will be in communi- 
 cation with Krasnovodsk, and the Russians (being
 
 A LESSON IN TELEGRAPHY. 123 
 
 progressive people when once fairly started) will 
 establish a line of light draught steamers to run from 
 Krasnovodsk to Khiva, Samarcand and Bokhara." 
 
 The third letter opens with an interesting account 
 of the expenses of his journey from Constantinople 
 to Bombay. It amounted, without outfit, to 114, 
 the latter costing about <50. The wonder excited 
 in the Persians' mind by the overland telegraph, and 
 the hostility of the various local governors to it, 
 because by it their dismissal came too rapidly, is well 
 told. The corporals in charge of several of the 
 stations had to go about armed to the teeth, in dread 
 of an attack from some irate governor who had re- 
 ceived an unpleasant message from the Shah. His 
 account of a visit made by this potentate to the 
 Telegraph Office at Teheran, shows that a traveller 
 possessing a keen sense of the ludicrous will find 
 plenty of materials when journeying through Persia : 
 " The Shah of Persia visited the Telegraph Office 
 in person, and cunning fellow ! after examining 
 the modes of operating, professed to be delighted with 
 everything he saw. He regarded the apparatus of 
 telegraphy intently, and then begged Mr. Pruce to 
 explain how he manipulated the little round knobs 
 which flashed the mysteries. Mr. Pruce did so very 
 readily, and as he speaks eloquently, no doubt the
 
 124 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 Shah was much enlightened. For during the ex- 
 position of telegraphy the Shah laughed heartily, and 
 delivered many a fervid ' Masha-allah ! ' Then the 
 Shah wanted to telegraph ; he tried a long time, but 
 as the words would not march, he gave it up as a 
 difficult job. His fingers, he said apologetically, were 
 dumb ; they would not talk. Then he summoned one 
 of his own emplo}^es from the Persian office, and bade 
 him telegraph as follows : 
 
 Telegram No. 1, to Koum, from the Shak in perxo.i. 
 
 " How much money hast thou for the Shah. Khan?" 
 (to the Governor.) 
 
 Answer. (After a pause of about three minutes, 
 the rascally Governor evidently considering, for all 
 along the line the governors had been forewarned.) 
 "When the Ayium of the Universe commands 
 less than the least of his slaves, he will give all he is 
 worth." 
 
 Telegram 2, to Koum. 
 
 " How much is that ?" 
 
 A. " 10,000 tomans (4,000)." 
 
 Telegram 3, to Koum. 
 
 " Send the money, the Shah commands ; he is well 
 pleased."
 
 " OLD CASTLE ARMS," KEPT BY STANLEY'S BROTHER. 
 (Stanley resided here on hit return from Abytrinia.} 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOL AT ST. ASAPH. 
 (Where Stanley teat educated.)
 
 RAISING THE WIND. 125 
 
 Telegram 4-, to Kashan. 
 
 " Oh ! Khan, the Shall wants money, how much 
 hast them to give him ?" 
 
 A. "Whatever the Light of the World com- 
 mands is at his service. I have 5,000 tomans 
 (2,000)." 
 
 Telegram, 5, to Kaslian. 
 
 "Too little. Send me 20,000 tomans (8,000), 
 the Shah has said it." 
 
 Telegram 6, to Ispahan. 
 
 " Khan, thou knowest thy position is a treasure. 
 What will thou give the Shah to keep it ? A man 
 has offered me 50,000 tomans (20,000) for thy 
 place. Speak quickly. It is the Shah that waits/' 
 
 A. "Oh! King of Kings, thou knowest my faith- 
 fulness, and hast but to speak. I have 60,000 tomans 
 ready." 
 
 Telegram 7, to Ispahan. 
 
 " It is good. Thou art a wise Khan. Send the 
 money." 
 
 Telegram 8, to Shiraz. 
 
 " Shah-zadeh, speak for thy place. There are evil- 
 minded men who desire thy position. Art thou wise, 
 and is thy hand open ?" 
 
 1
 
 126 LIFE OF 1IEXRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 A. " The throne is the place of wisdom. When 
 the Shall speaks the world trembles ; the ears of 
 his governors are open. I have 30,000 tomans on 
 hand." 
 
 Telegram 0, to Shir* 1 '-. 
 
 "The Ameen-ed-Dowleh offers me 45,000 tomans. 
 Oh ! little man, thou art mad." 
 
 A. "The Shah has spoken truly. I will send 
 50,000 tomans." 
 
 From his telegram to Bushire, he received answer 
 that 10,000 tomans would be sent immediately, which 
 was accepted. 
 
 This is the Shah and his ways of government. Tho 
 handsome sum of 100,000 tomans, or G4,000 sterling, 
 was netted in one morning from the governors' privy 
 purses. His governorships are sold to the highest 
 bidder. 
 
 Mr. Stanley says that the Persian peasants and 
 caravan drivers are as destructive to the Indo- 
 European telegraph wires as the Abyssinian native 
 tribes were to the copper field wires laid down in rear 
 of the advancing expedition to Magdala. The Persian 
 peasant and his wife draw upon it for all manner of 
 household purposes, and the caravan drivers use con-
 
 ENGLISHMEN ABROAD. 127 
 
 venient lengths of it as goads to quicken the paces of 
 their camels and donkeys. 
 
 These depredations cause a constant running to 
 and fro of a staff of men to find out and repair the 
 leak?, at a great cost. 
 
 The English officials and other residents at Teheran 
 he found leading happy and contented lives. Amuse- 
 ments were plentiful. Hunting, racing, amateur 
 theatricals, and Christy Minstrels were in full swing. 
 A peculiar amusement, having all the interest of 
 bull-baiting, with the advantage of its being enjoyed 
 indoors, was mortal combats between scorpions and 
 tarantulas. The animals were placed in a glass vase, 
 and incited to fight, until one or both gave up the 
 ghost. We suspect if we knew all the peculiar 
 amusements of our countrymen abroad, we should be 
 compelled to recognize how thin the veneer of our 
 civilization is, and how easily it is rubbed off. 
 
 Mr. Stanley's account of the relative positions of 
 the English and Russian ambassadors at Teheran is 
 too good to be paraphrased. Eepresenting as they 
 do the two great European powers who are parcelling 
 -out the East between them, their rivalry of each other 
 s intense. Mr. Stanley, says : 
 
 " The esthesis of politics has 
 
 been studied to advantage by the respective am- 
 
 I 2
 
 128 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 bassadors. I always thought politics a very dry 
 subject of study before I came to Teheran. I have 
 at last seen its esthetic side. The two ambassadors 
 are like two bazaar merchants. Mr. Beger exhibits 
 with a certain amount of taste, his stock in trade, 
 consisting of friendly alliance, loving letters from the 
 Czar of all the Russias, Russian power, mutual 
 aggrandisement, and deadly hellebore. Mr. Allison 
 has a varied assortment of British notions, consisting 
 of traditions of John Company, old friendships, English 
 wealth and power, rich presents, Borasjoon memories, 
 ubiquity, Argus eyes, Abyssinian glory, and English 
 iron-dads. 
 
 " The Russian Ambassador has a fine palace, much 
 finer than Mr. Allison's, and Cossack guards. The 
 British Government is building a palace which shall 
 cost oPoOjOOO, and utterly eclipse the Russian. 
 Ostentation aids diplomacy in Persia, and supremacy 
 is rotative. Bravo, Mr. Beger ! bravissimo, Air. 
 Charles Allison ! " 
 
 The last letter, which appeared on the 23rd Sep- 
 tember, is on the famine in Persia, the details of which 
 filled the people of this country with so much horror 
 and sympathy at the time. . Mr. Stanley points out 
 that famine must be of occasional local occurrence in 
 Persia, and that its evils are intensified by the selfish- 
 ness of those in power ; he says :
 
 FAMINE IN PERSIA. 129 
 
 ' In times of drought the governors lay iii a good 
 stock of corn, and keep their granaries full ; while 
 the peasants placid fatalists ! eat on without stint 
 or care. The water is all spent, the snows of winter 
 are all thawed, the beads of dew are not sufficient ; 
 without water the ryots cannot irrigate their land, 
 EO the crops assume a premature brownness, then fade 
 before the parching drought. Their store of last 
 year has been consumed, the religion with which they 
 are saturated will not feed their stomachs they 
 must eat material corn to live but where will they 
 get it? They cry out in despair. No charitable 
 souls step forward to their relief, for there is not an 
 atom of charity in the soul of a Persian. They turn 
 to their governors, and the governors respond with a 
 denial, for the famine prices are not high enough yet. 
 Then the ryots besiege their bakers' doors, and after 
 mortgaging their property, and finding themselves still 
 in want, prompted by esurient hunger, they break out 
 into open-mouthed and tumultuous mobs. Then the 
 governors open their granaiy doors, and issue driblets 
 of corn and flour at extraordinary prices, to be paid 
 (if the ryots have no money) with next year's 
 harvest." 
 
 . It is dreadful to think that, while the people are 
 dying in thousands from starvation, and the sympathies
 
 130 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 of the whole civilized world are aroused, and money 
 pours in to mitigate the horrors of the famine, the 
 funds so collected go into the pockets of Govern- 
 ment officials and other speculators, who horde up the 
 corn until its purchase involves the giving up of all the 
 wretched peasants possess, in addition to a mortgage 
 upon the next fruitful season. 
 
 Although the humblest Persians are insolent in 
 their bearing towards Europeans in time of plenty, 
 when the famine is on them they humble themselves, 
 and passionately ask them to intercede with the 
 Shah and the various Khans, or governors, for help 
 in their extremity. They have unbounded faith in 
 the influence of the European population, if they 
 will but exercise it. The story Mr. Stanley tells 
 us of the Shah's first lesson in telegraphy, and his 
 account of the character and behaviour of the governors 
 in famine times, sufficiently show the powerlessness 
 of foreign interference in anything relating to the well- 
 being of the people. 
 
 Mr. Stanley sketches the Europeans he met on his 
 travels with a bold and free pencil. 
 
 The following pen-and-ink portrait of an English 
 merchant is a good sample of his style : 
 
 " A Mr. Walton brother of Mr. Walton of Kur- 
 rachee, who made himself so prominent there some
 
 A QUEER ENGLISHMAN. 131 
 
 time ago in connection with a freak of bell-ringing, 
 sub-superintendent of the Indo-European at Ispahan, 
 had a most extraordinary servant a sort of Figaro 
 or Shah Abbas'" hunchback, as described in Morier's 
 ' Mirzn.' I should premise by stating that Mr. 
 Walton is an Englishman, yet a most eccentric 
 character, not yet handled by either Thackeray, or 
 Dickens, but who will some day furnish me with an 
 excellent frontispiece for a novel, I have no doubt. 
 He is a most lugubriously merry man, with his 
 merriness all concentrated like Forlorn Hopes in a 
 radii of wrinkles at the corner of each eye and 
 his lugubriousness amassed around his most pudent 
 mouth. At bottom, however, there is a fund of 
 nervous energy and simple good-heartedness in 
 him." 
 
 As these papers were written for Indo-European 
 readers, we need hardly say that his sketches in the 
 Herald exhibit even more graphic handling. The 
 hint that, lie will some day write a novel will, we 
 trust, be carried into effect. Few men living have 
 had so varied an experience of humanity in all its 
 aspect, and being the possessor of a most graphic and 
 entertaining style, a novel from his pen would find 
 more readers than even the account of his journey 
 from Zanzibar to Ujiji and back.
 
 132 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 We are enabled to give, from another source, several 
 graphic extracts from Mr. Stanley's notes of his Persian 
 journey. He sailed from Constantinople, about the 
 middle of May, to the mouth of the Rion, the ancient 
 Phasis, up which Jason proceeded in search of the 
 Golden Fleece, calling at Sinope, Kerasunde the 
 ancient Cerasus, Trebizond, Battoom the ancient 
 Battrys Portus, and landing and making some stay at 
 Poti and Mingrella at the mouth of the Hion. 
 
 He tells a capital anecdote of a Yankee place- 
 hunter, who, by dint of extra influence, had got 
 appointed American Consul at Trebizond. On his 
 way he waited upon Mr. Morris, the American 
 Minister at Constantinople, who informed him that an 
 American ship called at the consulate about once in 
 twenty years, and that he might be ten years there 
 and not see a " Yank/' Mr. Stanley says : 
 
 " As Mr. Morris is a serious man and seldom jokes 
 upon a subject, our new consul of Trebizond 
 appointed I believe by special favour made his 
 resolve and said he would be d d, and that thrice 
 over, before he would go to Trebizond, taking his 
 exequatur with him as a souvenir of his short consul- 
 ship." 
 
 For Battoom, as the only good harbour from Sebas- 
 topol to the uttermost Caucasus, he predicts a great
 
 MINGRELLA. 133 
 
 future, and feels persuaded that it must some day 
 occasion a fierce struggle between the Turks its 
 present holders and the Russians for its possession. 
 It stands between two rivers similar in name ; and the 
 Russian government, in adjusting frontiers with the 
 Turks, signed the town and harbour away, imagin- 
 ing there was only one river, and placing the wrong 
 one in the treaty. We should like to know what 
 became of the unfortunate official who committed this 
 blunder. In the language of a modern Russian 
 writer, we fancy " the Czar granted him unusual 
 facilities for studying the geography of Siberia/' 
 
 Mingrella appears to have had many fascinations for 
 our young travellers. " For many reasons," he says, 
 
 " Mingrella pleased me much One 
 
 was the beauty of the women, the extraordinary 
 beauty of the children of both sexes, the noble forests 
 of ash, mulberry, and sycamore, and the number of 
 the game of a tame kind which present themselves 
 most innocently to the hunter." 
 
 On leaving Mingrella for Orperi in a dense fog, 
 which he did by train, eight miles of the railway 
 to Abou being then finished, his schoolboy days at 
 St. Asaph appear to have been vividly brought to 
 his mind by the genius of the place. He says : 
 " Though the morning was chilly, I should have
 
 LIFE OF HENRY J/. STANLEY. 
 
 forgotten it but for the mist that floating sea of 
 dense fog. For I was busy with memories of college 
 life, and imagined myself, as I cast my eyes vacantly 
 upon E;i, and Colchis, forest and golden surface of 
 the Phasis, to be reciting my classical task to my 
 reverend teacher/' 
 
 He voyaged from Orpevi in a small steamer up the 
 Rion, with a motley crowd of fellow passengers. " Out 
 of the hundred passengers," he says, "I am sure I 
 distinguished fifty nationalities. The costumes on 
 board were a medley of all colours, as the tabard of 
 n Herald. The movement of the fifty different head- 
 dresses was like a tuft of vari-coloured feathers blown 
 into complication by a strong wind. It was a riot 
 of colours and a chaos of shapes. There were more 
 costumes on board than there ever were within the 
 wardrobe of Niblo's, or a Jew's shop in Whitechapel. 
 
 Even in Constantinople or the 
 
 cosmopolitan city of Alexandria, not more varied 
 physiognomies, characteristics, and costumes were ever 
 seen assembled within so small a compass. Tt was 
 
 lieterogenity made heterogeneous 
 
 Every man on board, however, was uniform in his 
 choice of arms. For to every man's waist, belted 
 with a rich zone of gold or silver, was slung the long 
 pointed dagger of the Caucasus."
 
 BATTLE OF BUNKER'S HILL. 135 
 
 He speaks warmly of the politeness and intelli- 
 gence of the numerous Russian military and civil 
 officers he met, and his route swarmed with both. 
 He enters upon an interesting comparison of the 
 soldierly qualifications of various countries, morfe 
 especially as regards their power of withstanding the 
 bayonet. In his opinion, English soldiers were 
 entitled to bear the palm up to a certain point, and 
 we hope that the perferriduin ingenium of his native 
 Wales will not be roused against him on account of 
 the nation to which he assigns the permanent posses- 
 sion of this test of prowess. He says : " Old Americans 
 remember the time when the English claimed it, but 
 at Bunker's Hill ivhat happened ? Old A mericans 
 can tell ! " 
 
 From Orperi he journeyed to Kutais in a carriage, 
 and as it was the only vehicle of the kind in the 
 former place, he was looked upon by the natives as a 
 person of distinction. Kutais he found to be a beau- 
 tiful and interesting place, with society as cultivated as 
 that of Boston, and as well-mannered as that of Paris. 
 
 He had a letter of introduction to the Russian 
 Governor, who treated him with the utmost courtesy, 
 while his wife filled him with rapture by her beauty 
 and accomplishments, and her gracious kindness to- 
 wards him.
 
 136 LIFE OF HENRY M. STAXL/-Y. 
 
 At a ball at the Governor's, he fancied, from the 
 number of princes and princesses and officers of dis- 
 tinction, that the best society of St. Petersburg!! had 
 transported itself th?re. " One princess sang a national 
 song of the Caucasus, that national song I have 
 heard it everywhere, heard it from the camel driver 
 at Assougan ; heard it from a poor old woman who 
 mourned her husband at the station of Goom Gooma, 
 in Abyssinia ; heard it often from the frail fair of 
 Cairo ; heard it at a wedding feast at Jerusalem ; heard 
 it at the grand mosque at Damascus, heard it at La 
 Mancha and Andalusia ; heard it at Agilii Ilumeli, 
 in Crete ; heard it from all the Southern natives, from 
 those people of the dark eyes and sallow faces, and I 
 know I shall hear it in Persia, and India, whither I 
 wend, and yet it is a native song in Georgia. Why 
 is it never heard thus sung .... in any land 
 of light skins and blue eyes \ It is not to be heard 
 in Circassia, but it is heard south of the Caucasus, in 
 Georgia and Armenia." 
 
 The journey from Kutais which he left with 
 reluctance- to Tiflis, was made in a native carriage 
 called "a tarantass, a springless vehicle, in external 
 appearance like an ordinary cab." He had for travel- 
 ling companion, an officer of the Russian Imperial 
 Guard, a M. de Hereen, and his agreeable society, the
 
 SHIRAZ. 137 
 
 charming scenery, and the light buoyant atmosphere 
 made his journey pleasant and agreeable to a degree 
 that excited him to rapture in recording its inci- 
 dents. 
 
 We have no space to follow his journeyin-gs in 
 detail, but must content ourselves with a few extracts 
 from his most interesting letters, selecting such as will 
 show that this was no mere holiday traveller, but a 
 man whose mind was open to the outer and inner life 
 exposed to his view, and keenly alive to impressions 
 from the past of countries and peoples once distin- 
 guished for their power and magnificence. Hear 
 what he has got to say of Shiraz and its famous 
 gardens : 
 
 " Shiraz is a city of traditions ; it is the capital of 
 the province of Fars old kingdom of Persia and, 
 therefore, the successor of Persepolis. Historically, it 
 is an old city ; traditionally, it is much older, for it 
 was founded by Thur, the son of Jemsheed, or Shem, 
 who was the son of Noah, while another Persian 
 writer states it to have been founded by Mohammed, 
 son of Cassim, sou of Abi Okail, G39 A.D., or the 
 7-ith of Hegirah. It was an important city in 
 the time of Saadi, who was born in the year 1175. 
 It was a great city under Shah Mansour, when 
 Timour-Lenk invaded it. But to-day it is a mean,
 
 138 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 and insignificant city, because it is no longer the 
 capital of Persia, that having been transferred to Te- 
 heran, and since Kerim Khan's time, under whom 
 Shiraz was most opulent, it has been crumbling to 
 ruin as fast as the influences of the climate can cause 
 it. 
 
 " The plain of Shiraz is wide enough to support a 
 very large city, the soil is rich, and the climate is 
 delicious, except in the middle of the day, when it 
 is uncomfortably warm. It has now a population of 
 about 40,COO inhabitants, who are famous in the 
 manufacture of sword blades and good wine. 
 
 " Shiraz Plain is famous for its gardens the Mou- 
 salah, which Hafiz frequented ; the Dilgushah, 
 near the tomb of Saadil ; the Bagh-i-Takht 
 'Garden of the Throne;' Baghi-No, 'New Garden;' 
 Jehuu Numa 'View of the World;' Reshk-i- 
 Bebesht 'Envoy of Paradise.' And sightseers may 
 amuse themselves with going to the Pira Sabz, or the 
 ' Green old Man/ where Hafiz, it is said, became a 
 poet by keeping watch throughout forty nights on its 
 summit ; also to the tombs of Saadi and Hafiz ; the 
 Khusr Cave, where Moortoosa Ali, the hermit, lived, 
 and the well of Kalah Bender, down which all the 
 faithless women of Shiraz were thrown in former times. 
 J cannot describe all these in detail, as almost all the
 
 THE GARDEN OF THE THRONE. 139 
 
 gardens fire alike, and the palaces within them are 
 but the prototypes of those at Teheran, which I have 
 already described full}*. 
 
 "The Bagh-i-Tukht, or the 'Garden of the 
 Throne,' is one of the finest of the gardens of 
 Shiraz. The palace is built on seven terraces, one 
 above another, the roof of the palace being certainly 
 150 feet above the plain. On each terrace are rows- 
 of orange trees ; the second terrace has, besides, 
 twenty-seven fountains ; on the lowest terraces bloom 
 the white roses of India on lofty bushes ; another 
 terrace above is distingushed by a wide-spreading 
 narcissus. As you enter the gate from the city you 
 are admitted into a garden, where, in its cool shades, 
 you will be apt to think the Shirazi are very wise in 
 expending wealth upon gardens such as these. It is- 
 full of cypress, orange, lime, poplar, chenar and 
 mulberry trees, and as for flowers, they are of many 
 kinds and hues." 
 
 In the " Garden of the Throne " : 
 
 "I arrived upon a peaceful scene 
 
 ' The Loves of Zal and Roodavu/ by Ferdoussee. 
 Galians, iced sherbert, sweetmeats, tea, and a seat 
 were offered me by the hospitable Persians. The 
 musicians consisted of four fine-looking boys, and 
 a dervish with a guitar. One of the boys was a
 
 140 LIFE OF HENRY J7. STANLEY. 
 
 perfect Antinous, and by the distinction paid to 
 him he evidently -was a favourite. He was richly 
 dressed ; his wide flowing pants were of crimson 
 silk, his robe was of brocade ; round his slender 
 waist was a sash bound tightly, and his cap was 
 put on with the jauntine.ss of a petted youth. 
 
 " After we had all helped ourselves to an iced sher- 
 bert, and taken a gentle whiff at the calian, the 
 dervish twanged his guitar, three of the boys got up 
 to dance, the handsome Antinous commenced his 
 song. Every verse was started with a crescendo 
 pitch, and after a short quaver, burst out into a full 
 and clear note, which died away in a succession of 
 plaintive and long-drawn trills. The guitar, in the 
 hands of the dervish, was most eloquent ; it breathed, 
 it spoke, it acted at one and the same time, or by its 
 magic sounds it made you think so. The dance was 
 similar to that of the Almehs at Beni-sooef, in Egypt: 
 it was Oriental, it was profoundly passionate. The 
 song was about Oriental love ; it reminded you of 
 Abelard and Eloise, of Romeo and Juliet, Petrarch 
 and Laura, Orpheus and Eurydice. And here were 
 a people whose who'e thoughts dwell upon loves and 
 shades of trees a people with the 'sleepy eyes that 
 speak the melting souls/ Can you imagine the rapt 
 interest, the intense attention, the moist eyes, the
 
 KAC-SIM1LE OF LIVINGSTONE'S AUTOGRAPH. 
 
 (// compared with Mr. Stanley'! handwriting on another page, the difference witt be at once teen.)
 
 HAF1Z AND SOLOMON. 141 
 
 several attitudes of such a group when moved by 
 deep emotion ?" 
 
 Mr. Stanley contrasts Hafiz, the great Persian poet, 
 with Solomon. He says : 
 
 " Let us compare some of Hafiz' passionate en- 
 treaties to his love, which are considered only in an 
 allegorical sense by the Sbeab, to some of the can- 
 ticles of Solomon, considered in the same light by 
 Bible readers. 
 
 " From Hatiz : ' Oh, silver-bosomed cypress ! a 
 form delicate as the rose, the beauty of whose cheeks 
 surpasseth that of the moon at evening ! Return ! 
 for your absence hath melted my soul, and deprived 
 my heart of ease and rest.' 
 
 " From the Canticles : ' Who is she that looketh 
 forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the 
 sun, and terrible as an army with banners ? Return, 
 return, O Shulamite ; return, return, that we may look 
 upon thee.' 
 
 " From Hafiz : ' Thus spoke the nightingale this 
 morning : What sayest thou, sweet rose ? Bring thy 
 couch to the garden of roses, that thou mayest kiss the 
 cheeks of lovely damsels, quaff rich wine, and smell 
 odoriferous blossoms.' 
 
 "From the Canticles: 'Awake, north wind; 
 and come thou south, that the spices thereof may flow 
 
 K
 
 142 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY, 
 
 I 
 
 out. Let my beloved come into his garden and cat 
 his pleasant fruits/ 
 
 "From Hafiz : 'The singers, the wine, and the 
 roses are at hand, but pleasure is not to be enjoyed 
 without my smiling love. Where is she, where is my 
 lovely infidel ? I will seat my love, like a queen, 
 upon a bed of roses ; I will make her a garland of 
 the hyacinthe, and her bracelets shall be jasmine. 
 Open, like the Narcissus, thy sleepy eyes, and let the 
 upright Narcissus droop from envy of thee. Throw 
 off the pearly drops from thy countenance, and like 
 my glistening eyes make the garden weep.' 
 
 " From the Canticles : ' My beloved spake and said 
 unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come 
 away. For, lo, the winter is past ; the rain is over 
 and gone. The flowers appear on the earth, the time 
 of the singing of the birds is come, and the voice of 
 the turtle is heard in our land. The fig-tree putteth 
 forth her green twigs, and the vines, with the tender 
 grape, give a good smell. Arise, my beloved, my fair 
 one, and come away.' " 
 
 The following extracts from Mr. Stanley's diary of 
 the journey to Bushire, give a graphic idea of the 
 difficulties of travel in those regions : 
 
 ./tf/yl8, 1870. Left Shin z at half-past 10 A.M. 
 for Chenarah-da, distant eight miles. Heat, 114;
 
 A LIVELY COUNTRY. 143 
 
 Fahrenheit. The mountains and plain smoking 
 hot ; fever surging up my nostrils like steam 
 vapour. Two P.M. arrived at caravanserai crazed 
 with fever. It kept me on a bed of straw in a lousy 
 cell for two days. 
 
 " July 20. Started for Khami-Zenioun, a journey 
 of sixteen miles. Desolate country. Hills after 
 hills, valleys after valleys, all forgotten of God, 
 deserted by honest men, inhabited only by the mane- 
 less lions of Persia, the laughing hyena, the caracal 
 fox and jerboa robber, erliant and prowling Baktiari. 
 My Winchester is loaded with thirteen cartridges, 
 ready to fire at the first image of a robber. Heat 
 110 Fahrenheit. Highest altitude during the day, 
 1,200 feet above the sea. 
 
 " July 21. To MyoumKhutal (between the hills), 
 twenty-eight miles. Heat at eleven o'clock A.M. 1J2 
 Fahrenheit. Highest altitude reached 7,600 feet. 
 From the rocky vicinity of Khan-i-Zincoin, we 
 dropped into the valley of Dusbt-i-Arjan. Remark- 
 able spring of water ; trees of antique birth near it. 
 Cardinal urgencies of travel disposed of under the 
 shade of the trees, such as hunger and thirst. This 
 valley is the grazing ground for the Eeliant mares. 
 Desperate set of people, those Eeliants ! Thence we 
 ascended a most ugly slope of a mountain, wild fig, 
 
 K2
 
 H4 I-IFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 wild cherry and almond trees thickly clothing it, 
 under which lurks the lion a most ferocious animal ! 
 He frequently attacks travellers ; but my Winchester 
 would blow him to fragments. I do not fear him, 
 but the Eeliant. The caravans we see and pass cry, 
 ' Beware ! beware ! ' 
 
 "Having ascended to the summit of the mountain, 
 we look down upon a bewildering area an agglome- 
 rate of ugly mountain vertebrae, with the devil's own 
 passes between them. The whole land seems seeth- 
 ing in the heat. Finally reached Myoum KImtal, 
 after eleven hours' travel. 
 
 "July 22. Had a slight attack of fever during the 
 night. Was so weak this day could not stand the 
 110 sun heat; in such condition rested that day. 
 This is the finest caravanserai in South Persia, but 
 the people about are rogues. Twice we were invaded 
 during the night by sly hands, but we were watchful 
 and lost nothing. 
 
 " Singular scenery all about it. True bit of Abys- 
 sinian wildncss ! The Herald correspondent has 
 found himself in strange places before, but now I will 
 cast my eyes about me and look out over the scene. 
 My arms rest on the battlements. I am fifty feet 
 above the hill top at the base of the wall. I question 
 myself if this is not as wild as any, not wilder, but
 
 A LONG SLIDE. 1^5 
 
 yet as forbidding. Heat 116, twelve o'clock A.?,I. I 
 crossed myself, repeated I don't know how many 
 aves I had no beads, therefore could not count them. 
 My aves wouldn't march, as the Shah says. Well, 
 I said a prayer for the dead Abbas the Great, and 
 thanked Heaven there were such places as caravan- 
 serais in Fars. What was it ? Was it the water of 
 Dusbt-i-Arjan that gave me such a sleep ? Oh, health 
 restorer ! in the afternoon in the caravanserai ' be- 
 tween the hills.' Ah, that water, the best, the 
 coolest in Persia, as cold as a Nova Zembla spring ! 
 infinitely sweeter than Zenizem, sanctified by the 
 vicinity of the Caaba though it be. 
 
 " July 23. Slid down at dawn ; yes, actually slid 
 down, my baggage, mules, servants and myself 
 down, down 1,000 feet ! The slope of the mountain 
 was covered with round 2-pounder stones. The first 
 touch of a mule's foot on the stones and it slid a 
 yard ; another foot, another yard peril of our lives ! 
 However, the mules survived it, and I believe as I 
 feel my limbs and neck I believe I survived it. 
 Thank the Lord ! 
 
 " Well, we had no sooner reached the bottom of the 
 Peera Zun Mountain, and were voluble "with self-con- 
 gratulation when an incident occurred. My Winches- 
 ter was up to my shoulder, my servants' kemmers and
 
 146 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 scimitars flashed out. We were bravely resolved, I 
 assure you. But this incident. It was a naked man, 
 who came out from behind the wild almond bushes 
 and cried out for help in the name of Allah. But 
 why ? Of course he had been robbed of every shay 
 he had in the world. He was going with three mules 
 to Shiraz, loaded. Half way between Komaridge 
 and Myoum Khutal three men, armed with guns, 
 which were pointed at him, bade him stop, to take off 
 his kooba (coat), then his erkalik (gown or robe) of 
 good stuff, then his peerahun (shirt), then his zeer- 
 jama of linen, then his slippers and socks ; then they 
 told him to lie down, and they flogged him with 
 switches cut from the wild almond bushes. And here 
 he was in a bruised, most miserable plight. Would 
 we help him ? Certainly ; think of the good Samari- 
 tan ! May it not be our turn next ? God ! just 
 think of it, to be robbed of every scrap of paper, of 
 every kerann, of every rag of clothes, and then be 
 beaten like a dog, and perhaps taken and sold ! No, 
 no, my dear, my pet Winchester, thou shalt sing a 
 quadruple tetra-diapason first .' And after this oath 
 sworn to make another Ther uopyUe we march on, 
 confident, but nevertheless on (he alert, our bruised 
 unfortunate as well as we." 
 
 An entire letter is devoted t) Ispahan and its
 
 VISITS AN ARCHBISHOP. 147 
 
 ancient and modern glories, any extract from which 
 of a length suitable to our present purpose, would 
 give a poor idea of the interest of his vivid narra- 
 tive. We can only make room for the account of 
 his interview with the Archbishop. 
 
 " I was invited to go up and see the Archbishop, 
 who governs all the Armenians in Persia and India. 
 His palace, a very new affair, very handsome and 
 spacious, is right behind the cathedral. I found him 
 on the lofty roof, which overlooks a magnificent scene, 
 a tall, stalwart, majestic old man, most beneficent 
 looking and venerable. My heart went immediately 
 towards the patriarch, who seemed like a very Abra- 
 ham ; but when I saw him call for wine and arrack, 
 and top the latter like a veteran trooper, the mortal 
 stood confessed beneath that Jupiterian aspect, and 
 though he was old enough to be my great-grandfather, 
 I felt myself elevated slightly at witnessing this 
 weakness. 
 
 " We sat on the housetop until sunset, looking at 
 the glorious prospect, seeing the strong broad light 
 over the plain and ocean of greenness waning, the 
 verdure becoming deep green and ribbed with lines 
 of shadows the plain losing its grayishness and be- 
 coming softer coloured ; the peaks of Sefi Hill, Atesh 
 Kuh and Rustam's throne, flushing with orange and
 
 148 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 purple, then paling and glooming in the fast receding 
 sunlight. Then we rose to go, and, as we turned 
 to bid the splendid old man a ' Good evening,' 
 the Muezzoon across the river burst out trium- 
 phantly, 'La Allah, il Allah. Mohammed resoul 
 Allah/ " 
 
 Returning to Europe towards the end of 1870, 
 Mr. Stanley visited its most important cities, and 
 resided in Egypt for some time, in the hope 
 that Dr. Livingstone might make his appearance, 
 by way of the Nile, to be " interviewed " for the 
 benefit of the readers of the New York Herald. 
 Getting tired of waiting, and having exhausted all the 
 objects of interest in that long, narrow strip of 
 country, the seat of the earliest civilization of which 
 we have any record, Mr. Stanley returned to Europe, 
 and was at Madrid when a telegram from Mr. 
 Bennett, calling him instantly to Paris, reached 
 him. 
 
 Mr. Stanley who is always as ready to pack up 
 and begone as the late Sir Charles Napier, who 
 started to take the command of the Baltic Fleet 
 within a couple of hours of receiving his instructions, 
 after investing in a barrel of snuff and a couple of 
 clean shirts reached Paris by the first train, and 
 arriving at the hotel where Mr. Bennett was stay-
 
 BENNETT AND STANLEY. 149 
 
 ing at eleven o'clock at night, he went at once to his 
 chiefs room. 
 
 What follows may be best told in Mr. Stanley's 
 own words : 
 
 " I found him in bed ; I knocked at his door. He 
 said, ' Come in,' arid then demanded my name. 
 
 " ' My name is Stanley.' 
 
 " ' Oh, you are the man I want. Do you know 
 where Livingstone is ? 
 
 " I said, ' I declare to you I do not/ 
 
 " ' Do you suppose he is alive ? ' 
 
 " ' I really don't know/ 
 
 " ' What do you think of it ?' 
 
 " I replied, ' It passes all my comprehension/ 
 
 " ' Well, I think he is alive, and I want you to find 
 him/ 
 
 u I thought it was a most gigantic task, but I dared 
 not say ' no ' to Mr. Bennett. I answered, *' If you 
 send me to Central Africa, I shall go there/ 
 
 " He said, ' Well, go. I believe he is alive, and you 
 can find him/ 
 
 " I said, ' Mr. Bennett, have you the least idea how 
 much that little journey will cost ? The Burton and 
 Speke expedition cost between 2,000 and 4,000. 
 Are you ready to incur that expense ?' 
 
 " Mr. Bennett responded, ' Draw 1,000, and when
 
 ISO LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 that is finished draw another 1,000, and when that 
 is done draw another 1,000, and when you have got 
 rid of that draw another and another.' 
 
 " When I was in such a position what was I to do ? 
 I saw he was determined I should go and find Dr. 
 Livingstone, and I went. He w6uld take no apolo- 
 gies or excuses, so I said, ' What it is open to poor 
 human nature to do, I will do I bid you good 
 night/ " 
 
 This is very telling and epigrammatic, but we 
 think we can show how so important an undertaking 
 as the attempt to discover Livingstone, who had 
 been lost sight of in Central Africa, came to be settled 
 in so brief and rapid a manner. 
 
 Among other articles left by Mr. Stanley with his 
 mother, on the occasion of his last visit to Denbigh, 
 was a kind of pocket cash-book, which has been seen 
 and examined by several gentlemen in Denbigh. In 
 the index there is a reference : Expenses re Living- 
 stone Expedition, page S. But on referring, page 
 8 is torn out. There is nothing extraordinary in 
 the idea that the adventurous young correspondent, 
 who had travelled over half the world in various 
 capacities, should have formed the opinion that if 
 properly equipped and provided with means, he could 
 discover Dr. Livingstone ; and that he should venti-
 
 THE FIRST IDEA. 151 
 
 late his ideas on the subject to his chief. In corrobo- 
 ration of this, a friend, who carried on a correspon- 
 dence with Mr. Stanley for several years, states that 
 he " often said it was the height of his ambition to 
 find Dr. Livingstone." 
 
 Mr. Bennett, evidently, did not see his way to 
 following out the daring suggestion of his enterprising 
 subordinate for a time, but it took hold of his mind, 
 and ended in a resolution to adopt it ; hence there 
 would be no necessity for any lengthened discussion 
 as to ways and means between them at the now 
 famous meeting in Paris. All this had been done by 
 Mr. Stanley before ! 
 
 It is also worthy of note that Mr. Louis H. Noe, 
 in his letter to the New York Sun, mentions that 
 Mr. Stanley frequently spoke of Livingstone and 
 his travels in 186G, and expressed a strong desire to 
 join him. 
 
 There is nothing more natural than that the famous 
 achievements of Dr. Livingstone should have strongly 
 impressed such a man, and that he who had forced 
 his way from the Mediterranean Sea to Bombay 
 with only one attendant, should have been convinced 
 that Livingstone could be found and succoured by a 
 bold and dauntless effort. 
 
 Before leaving England, Mr. Stanley had an inter-
 
 152 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 view with some of his Denbigh relations in London. 
 He said that he did not wish to tell them where he 
 was going, but thus much he would divulge that if 
 he succeeded, he would be all right for the remainder 
 of his life. 
 
 Mr. Stanley's preparations were soon completed, 
 and in April 1871 he was in Zanzibar engaging 
 attendants, and personally superintending everything 
 connected with the expedition. At Zanzibar, in 
 England and in America, the New York Herald Ex- 
 pedition was never mentioned without a sneer. The 
 newspaper press made fun of it, and it was uni- 
 versally set down as a gigantic piece of clap-trap, got 
 up to increase the sale and glory of the " most enter- 
 prising newspaper in the world." 
 
 It is curious that Dr. Kirk who had had extensive 
 experience as an African traveller, could not see the 
 elements of success in the careful preparations of the 
 quiet and resolute man, who, trammelled by no 
 special instructions, and backed by unlimited means 
 entirely under his own control, was instinctively 
 adopting all the precautions which could ensure it. 
 
 When he had plunged into the interior of the 
 country, and was lost sight of, no hopes were based 
 upon his efforts, either by Dr. Kirk or the members of 
 the Royal Geographical Society. Readers of the
 
 THE SEARCH FOR LIVINGSTONE. 153 
 
 "Proceedings" of that Society would find from time 
 to time an allusion to his expedition, but no hint that 
 through it the public might look for any relief from 
 its daily increasing fears as to the fate of the great 
 traveller. 
 
 Meantime, as weeks and months rolled on, each 
 bringing reports that Livingstone had been seen alive in 
 the interior beyond Lake Tanganyika, or that he was 
 assuredly dead, the public anxiety regarding his fate 
 increased. The Royal Geographical Society suggested 
 the institution of a " Search and Relief Expedition," 
 and made an application to the Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer for a contribution towards the expense, which, 
 was refused, amid much indignant comment from the 
 press. 
 
 " Livingstone Relief Committees " were formed in 
 the various large towns of the country, and a large 
 sum of money was collected, which was supplemented 
 by a contribution of 500 from the funds of the 
 Royal Geographical Society. 
 
 Early in 1872, this expedition was being organized 
 at Zanzibar, under the guidance of Lieutenant Dawson, 
 who was assisted by Lieutenant Heno, Mr. New, a 
 missionary (who was to act as interpreter) and Mr. 
 Oswell Livingstone, a son of the great explorer. 
 Feeling satisfied with the zeal and abilities of the
 
 154 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 English heads of the " Search and Relief Expedition," 
 and knowing that they were abundantly provided 
 with means to carry out their undertaking, the 
 public excitement toned down to a feeling of calm 
 expectancy. The public believed that if Livingstone 
 was alive, the expedition so carefully fitted out, and 
 so ably led, must find and succour him. 
 
 The existence of another expedition was all but 
 forgotten, when, just as people were expecting to hear 
 that Lieutenant Dawson and his party had departed 
 for the interior, the startling intelligence reached this 
 country, on the 3rd of July last, that Mr. Stanley had 
 found the long-lost traveller, and that the Herald 
 Expedition was within a few days' march of Zanzibar. 
 
 People now living will never forget the thrill of 
 pleasure and satisfaction with which the intelligence 
 
 * O 
 
 that Mr. Stanley's mission had been successful, and 
 that he had seen and succoured Dr. Livingstone, 
 was received throughout the civilized world. 
 
 It is to be regretted that any difficulties were raised 
 as to the faith to be placed in Mr. Stanley's account 
 of what he had done and seen, and of what he had 
 heard from the lips of Dr. Livingstone. These 
 doubts have now been completely dissipated, and are, 
 we trust, forgiven and atoned for. 
 
 At Marseilles, Mr. Stanley was met by a corre-
 
 SHERMAN AND STANLEY. 155 
 
 spondent of the Dally Telegraph, and interviewed 
 for the benefit of the British public. In Paris he was 
 received with much enthusiasm, especially by his 
 countrymen. "We give an interesting anecdote of his 
 meeting with General Sherman at breakfast with Mr. 
 Washburne, the American Minister at Paris. 
 
 In talking over the feat Mr. Stanley had accom- 
 plished, Mr. Washburne remarked : 
 
 " It is a great thing. I only know of one other 
 great expedition brought to a successful termination." 
 
 " What is that ? " asked Sherman. 
 
 " That is General Sherman's march to the sea/' 
 replied Washburne. 
 
 " That was nothing to this," said Sherman. " It 
 was easy in comparison to the march to the centre of 
 Africa and back." 
 
 " It is your modesty makes you say so, General/' 
 remarked Stanley. " By the way, do you ever re- 
 member meeting me before ? " 
 
 " No," replied Sherman. 
 
 Whereupon Stanley commenced and repeated a 
 speech of some minutes in length a speech evidently 
 meant for red men ; for it was full of high-flown 
 metaphors, and contained references to "Fire-water," 
 " the Great Spirit," " Our Brother," " the Pale Face," 
 " Our Father in Washington," and a variety of other
 
 156 LIFE OP HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 subjects in which the Indian is supposed to be par- 
 ticularly interested. 
 
 " Why, that's a speech I made some years ago to the 
 Sioux Indians, while on the Plains. Were you there ? " 
 
 " I was there," replied Stanley, " reporting for the 
 Herald, and, to tell you the truth, I have had 
 occasion to repeat your speech verbatim more than 
 once to the negroes of Central Africa." 
 
 " Well," said Sherman, " I should never have re- 
 cognized you, and certainly never expected to see, 
 in that Herald reporter, the discoverer of Livingstone." 
 
 Mr. Stanley's appearance in this country was 
 anxiously awaited, and although he knew quite well 
 that he would be the hero of the hour, it is pleasant 
 to record the satisfaction lie manifested at meeting his 
 half-brother, Mr. Robert Jones, and his cousin, Mr. 
 Parry on the pier at Dover, when he landed. Mr. 
 Jones says that he would have passed him, not 
 recognizing him, but that Mr. Stanley knew him 
 in a moment, and said, 
 
 "Why, Robert, is that you?" 
 
 They then travelled in company to London, and 
 before their departure for Denbigh they spent a con- 
 siderable time in his company. No doubt, thinking 
 that anything regarding himself and his fortunes would
 
 HKNRY M. STAXLEV. 
 
 (om a Portrait taken when at Constantinople.)
 
 NOE AXD THE " HERALD r 157 
 
 interest them and his other relatives iii Denbigh, he told 
 them that " he was about to bring out a book, which 
 would not only contain an account of his recent African 
 travels, but the history of his life from the time he 
 was three years old, and that he had refused 5,000 
 for the copyright of this work." 
 
 Mr. Robert Jones has kept the " Old Castle Arms " 
 at Denbigh since his mother went to reside at the 
 " Cross Foxes Inn," Glascoed. The trophies Mr. 
 Stanley brought from Abyssinia are in his possession, 
 and lie very courteously showed them to several of 
 our friends. 
 
 The excitement raised in America by the Stanley- 
 Noe controversy, to which we have already alluded, 
 culminated in the interviewing of Noe himself; and 
 as the result has a direct bearing upon our subject, 
 we reproduce portions of it here just as we find it in 
 the columns of the Herald. 
 
 The heading, which occupies nearly half a column 
 of open printed matter, is a curiosity in itself. 
 In many cases, when dealing with European tele- 
 grams, these headings contain as much matter as the 
 paragraphs to which they refer. Here, then, is the 
 Noe programme. It bears a striking resemblance to 
 that of a transpontine melodrama, and, like it, promises 
 some striking tableaux not to be found in the pieca : 
 
 L
 
 158 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 WHAT NOE KNOWS. 
 
 Expedition into the Interior of Long 
 Island. 
 
 AH INVENTIVE GENIUS. 
 
 The Sleepy Village of Sayville, on the 
 South Shore. 
 
 A MAH BY THE NA!v1 OF STANLEY. 
 
 Xtfoe, "Who Knows Him, Recognizes His 
 Half-Brother. 
 
 Interviews with the Supervisor, Postmaster, Barber, 
 Hotel Citrk, and Notary Public. 
 
 His Hopeful Family in Dread of 
 Assassination. 
 
 RURAL RUMINATIONS. 
 
 Tho Story Instigated by Avarice and Hatred. 
 
 INTRIGUE* OF VILLAGE POLITICIAN'. 
 
 Life and Exploits cf Noe, the Sailor, Deserter, Traveller, 
 Blacksmith, Tainter, Farmer, Inventor, and Author.
 
 AN AMERICAN RAIL WA Y. 159 
 
 The difficulties overcome in finding Noe are 
 detailed in a manner worthy of the importance of 
 the game he was about to bag. Before starting : 
 
 " The whole of the morning had been spent in a 
 vain endeavour to discover the whereabouts of the 
 mysterious village, but without success, Sayville being 
 as unknown to the average New Yorker as was Ujiji 
 before it had been made a household word in England 
 and America by the Herald. A few persons had dim 
 ideas of having heard of such a village, but nothing 
 definite could be learned until an old gentleman, with 
 the look of the eighteenth century about his face, in- 
 formed us that if we would take the train to Lake- 
 land we would be within some miles of the village. 
 Acting upon his advice tickets were purchased, and 
 taking our seats in the dusty cars we entered upon 
 our explorations. 
 
 " A Long Island railroad is an institution which 
 forcibly recalls the good old times when men did 
 not rush to and fro with lightning speed, but 
 travelled at a rate which, if slow, was sure. The 
 train had an unfortunate habit of stopping at every 
 hamlet on the way, and in the course of a fifty 
 miles' journey as many halts were made as there 
 would be in a trip iu a Third-avenue car from the 
 City Hall to Yorkville." 
 
 L 2
 
 i6o LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 After leaving Lakeland, which is facetiously de- 
 scribed as a town containing two houses and the ruins 
 of another, the remainder of the journey was made in 
 " a rusty old waggon, drawn by an ancient horse, and 
 driven by an antiquated old man/' 
 
 Arrived at Sayville, the reporter and his friend, 
 the correspondent of an English newspaper, went 
 direct to the one hotel of the place, where they got 
 on the trail of their quarry. We must permit the 
 reporter to speak for himself again : 
 
 " The proprietor, who is at once bartender, waiter, 
 chambermaid, and porter, rushed to the door on our 
 approach, followed by a couple of wide-mouthed 
 rustics, who stared at us as if we were denizens of 
 another world. The office, billiard-hall, and bar-room 
 of the Bay View House were dimly lighted by an oil 
 lamp, revealing a dirty counter, an array of dusty 
 glasses, and a confident inscription on the wall stating 
 that mint juleps, claret punches, gin and milk, and 
 other savoury mixtures were dispensed to all comers 
 at reasonable prices. A few rickety chairs, a Herald 
 three weeks old, and the gnping countrymen above 
 alluded to, made up the other adornments of the 
 scene. 
 
 "As we were hungry with the long ride, I asked 
 could we have supper, and the clerk, calling to a dis-
 
 THE NOE FAMILY. 161 
 
 mal-looking woman, a hurried consultation was held 
 between them, after which an answer was given to us 
 that something would be prepared. 
 
 "While the meal was in process of preparation I 
 asked the clerk if he knew anything of Lewis 
 Noe.' 
 
 Clerk (smiling). "Oh, yes, I guess I do. Did you 
 see the Sun on Saturday ? That was his letter. Oh, 
 Lewis is very smart." 
 
 Reporter " What is his occupation ? " 
 
 Clerk. " His father is a blacksmith and he does 
 something at the trade, but he paints besides, and does 
 a little of everything that comes along/' 
 
 Reporter. "A village genius, I see." 
 
 Clerk (open-mouthed). "I guess he knows a heap. 
 He was away from Sayville during the war, but has 
 been home for several years. He is said by some to 
 be a little nighty, and don't stick long to the same 
 thing, but he is considered steady." 
 
 While supper was being prepared, the two reporters 
 sallied out and interviewed a number of people, and 
 learned that the "Noes are old-time Yankee Methodists, 
 and have lived in the village some scores of years. 
 They have always had a fair reputation, but none of the 
 members of the family have ever shown remarkable 
 intelligence, with the exception of Lewis and a sister,
 
 1 62 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 who, being an ex-school marm, is considered 'putty* 
 smart/' 
 
 " Lewis has got a mania for invention, and is said to 
 be .possessed of a fertile imagination. He has tried 
 his hand at various occupations, but does not remain 
 long at any one, his aspiring soul refusing to be 
 shackled by any particular business. Since the pub- 
 lication of his letter he is looked upon as the Village 
 Lion/' 
 
 Returning to the hotel, they were introduced to 
 their evening meal, which proved to be anything but 
 inviting. A blackened mackerel, flanked by a cup of 
 cold tea, made from sea- weed ; a plate of stale bread, 
 a small supply of pale butter, and a bottle of sauce, 
 made up the sumptuous repast. 
 
 After a vain effort to eat the unpalatable viands, they 
 arose from the table and were confronted by the clerk, 
 and asked if they had had enough. They assured him 
 in all sincerity that they had, and, providing themselves 
 with cigars, price ten cents each (sold in Chatham 
 Street at four for five cents), they again left the 
 hostelry on a tour of inquiry. 
 
 As the whole village population might have to be 
 examined, like prudent generals they separated, thus 
 doubling their " interviewing " power. 
 
 The Herald reporter, with commendable instinct,
 
 A YANKEE BARBER. 163 
 
 first visited the village barber, but found him a sorry 
 representative of his class, being entirely wanting in 
 curiosity and loquacity. Unfortunately for himself, 
 the reporter determined on being shaved. The estab- 
 lishment, the operator, and the operation are pictured 
 for us by the hand of a master : 
 
 " The establishment contained a single chair, which 
 was occupied by the proprietor, a sleepy German, with 
 bare feet, who started up at my approach and re- 
 garded me with a .stupid stare, not comprehending 
 what manner of man I was. I took the vacant seat 
 and then a faint light broke in upon him that I 
 wanted a shave. Seizing a dilapidated razor, he 
 sharpened it upon an old shoe, and then commenced 
 operations. One such shave is enough in a man's 
 lifetime, but I bore the pain like a martyr, and 
 managed, in the intervals of torture, to edge in a 
 few inquiries about Noe : but the barber knew 
 nothing about him except that his hair grew very 
 long and had to be often cut ; indeed, it sometimes 
 grew so long that it troubled his brains. He knew 
 Noe was married 'another evidence of a weak mind), 
 and also that he had a father and mother, brothers 
 and sisters. 
 
 " The tonsorial business of Say ville is not large, I 
 being the first customer put through since the
 
 1 64 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 previous Saturday night." (This occurred on the 
 Thursday.) 
 
 The next party visited was the village; post- 
 master, who is described as "a little man, with a 
 strong resemblance to Captain Cuttle." He was very 
 reticent on the subject of Noe, as became his position, 
 but recommended a visit to Mr. Wood, a supervisor, 
 who could give the information wanted. As it was now 
 late, either for their own comfort or for Mr. Wood's 
 we suspect their own the reporters, who had by this 
 time joined forces, sent for him, and in a few minutes 
 he came and sat for his portrait, with results 
 that could hardly b^ pleasing to a man of his 
 importance : 
 
 "Mr. Wood is a well- [(reserved Englishman, who has 
 resided in this country since a boy, and in his bearing 
 and manner strives to impress you with the idea that 
 he is a person of great importance. His ruddy face 
 reflects the wisdom that lurks within the brain, and 
 the pompous notes of his sonorous voice seem to be 
 continually saying, 'This is Wood; look, behold and 
 wonder.' The cares of State hang heavy on his 
 brow, and he i*, in short, an admirable specimen of 
 the rustic politician, who, with a smattering of know- 
 ledge, attracts -the lion's share of local attention. 
 Wherever he goes lie is attended by a iroup of
 
 NOE'S INSTIGATOR. 165 
 
 admiring satellites, to whom he discourses on the 
 crops, the weather, politics and himself/' 
 
 Next to Noe himself, they had in Mr. Wood got 
 hold of the most important actor in the matter which 
 had brought them to Sayville, as it was he who had 
 advised the former to publish his statement in the 
 Sun, ior which Noe got ten dollars. 
 
 The Englishman, as was both fitting and proper, 
 was the interrogator of his self-important countryman. 
 \Ve shall give the conclusion of his testimony entire, 
 and cannot help remarking that the freedom with 
 which his personal appearance and bearing were 
 treated was an ungrateful return for the only valuable 
 information they had received during their first day's 
 campaign: 
 
 lleporter. " What motive do you think has 
 actuated Noe in the transaction ? Has it been a 
 mercenary one ? " 
 
 Mr. Wood. " Well I think not. In the first place 
 he has a strong personal enmity against Stanley, and 
 this alone would have induced him to act as he did. 
 At the same time he was assured that he would get 
 considerable money for his information, and then the 
 hope of making something urged him on. T do not 
 know exactly what he has received, but some induce- 
 ment has been held out to him, as he has entered
 
 1 66 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 into a kind of an agreement with the Sun. t;> furnish 
 that i taper with all the documents and proofs of 
 Stanley's history he is possessed of." 
 
 Reporter. " What effect has the story had in the 
 village ? " 
 
 Mr. Wood. " Well, it has had a different effect 
 from what was first anticipated. A great many who 
 did not believe in the truth of Stanley's story before 
 believe in it now, from the fact that the character of 
 him given by Noe proclaims him to be the very man 
 who would be equal to any enterprise, however 
 -perate ; and this is. after all, a very natural view to 
 take of the matter/' 
 
 Reporter. " Granted that the story is true, you 
 would not pronounce on the discovery of Livingstone 
 as to its being false or genuine from Stanley's previous 
 history ? " 
 
 Mr. Wood. " No, I would not. Noe's connection, 
 with him ended previous to Stanley's starting the ex- 
 pedition, and here I may say I think Lewis has been 
 rather rash in dragging Livingstone's name into the 
 story, as Livingstone had not beeii missing for some 
 years after Noe parted with Stanley. He, however, 
 insists that Stank}' continually talked about Living- 
 stone, and announced his intention to go after him 
 for the Herald. He may be mistaken, and in any
 
 AN INNOCENT CORRESPONDENT. 167 
 
 case he hates Stanley with a peculiar hatred, as do 
 his parents. Stanley was here when he was taking 
 Lewis away, and made a good impression upon the 
 family by his pleasing address and piety. That is all 
 the information I can give you, gentlemen, upon the 
 matter." 
 
 " Here the great Supervisor rose, and, after making 
 the Cockney promise to send a copy of the issue 
 containing the interview, shook off the mud from his 
 feet and departed, a wiser and more pompous man. 
 then ever. Mr. Wood did not know there was a 
 'chiel' present 'takin' notes/ but if he roads the 
 Herald he may know that the innocent-looking 
 individual who sat beside him saying nothing was 
 a correspondent of the much dreaded paper." 
 
 After a night's sleep the reporters started to find 
 Noe himself. In walking to his house they were 
 followed by a crowd of idlers. A man in the crowd 
 addressed them. " This person looked like a man who 
 had suffered from ague and fever, and was very pale. 
 I scanned his features, which had been described to 
 me, and remarked to my companion, 'That's the 
 ghost of the Sayville mystery/ 
 
 " It was in fact, Mr. Noe, and he called out, ' Do 
 you wish to see any one in particular ? ' I ap- 
 proached him as I answered, 'Yes, sir, I wish to
 
 1 68 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 see Mr. Lewis Noe. You are that gentleman, I 
 believe ? ' 
 
 "'Yes, sir, that's my name.' 
 
 " I here introduced the English correspondent, who 
 requested the privilege of a brief conversation with 
 Mr. Noe, simply to gather his opinions upon three 
 several points alluded to in his published adventures 
 in the East. 
 
 " ' I don't give any statement to any one different 
 from the one I signed in the Sun paper,' doggedly 
 spoke Mr. Noe. ' I made an arrangement with the 
 man who came up here to see me, and anything 
 I want to say will be printed in that paper.' ' 
 
 After some further conversation they accompanied 
 Noe to his home, and were introduced to what they 
 call " a terror-stricken party.'"' 
 
 " Passing around the corner of the building which 
 proved to be the domicile of Noe's parents, a most lu- 
 dicrous sight, intensely dramatic in its character, burst 
 upon the vision. In front of the little house was a 
 dilapidated arbour, grown over by gnarled vines, and 
 under this and adjacent low-botighed scrubby apple 
 trees were ranged a few benches and wooden chairs, 
 The first figure noticed was that of a chubby red- 
 faced old man in his shirtsleeves, who sat in an 
 isolated position upon a bench, his face fronting the
 
 PORTRAITS IN WRITING. 169 
 
 house, and his chili resting upon both his hands, 
 which were clasped upon the head of a heavy walking 
 stick. His round face, smooth even to shining, had 
 the peculiar red and blistered appearance of a boiled 
 lobster. His eyes were swollen, almost shut, while 
 their lashes and brows were of such a colour and 
 scarcity as to be detected with difficulty. There was 
 a peculiar drawing down of the muscles at the 
 corners of his mouth, and his eyes barely opened 
 and closed, with a blinking movement, at each ray of 
 sunshine piercing the arbour, resembling in their 
 action the gills of a fish in respiration. For an 
 hour and a quarter the old man never moved a 
 muscle save once, when he raised his chin half an 
 inch, and said five words. 
 
 " At a small table under an apple tree to the right 
 sat a woman of perhaps fifty-five. She was of full 
 pei-son, quite dark in complexion, and in sitting rested 
 her elbows upon the table and supported her chin in 
 the palms of her hands, keeping her eyes fixed upon 
 her son and his visitors. Upon the end of the bench 
 occupied by the old man, and about equi-distant 
 between the two I have just described, sat a young 
 woman, a sister of Mr. Noe, who has been a school- 
 mistress, and who wrote the document from which 
 his publishe.l story was prepared. She, too, is full in
 
 170 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 person, with voluptuous lips, dark glittering eyes and 
 very black hair, falling loosely to her waist. From 
 the first she regarded most fixedly the English corre- 
 spondent. At the end of a bench near the house wa- 
 a sallow, sunken-cheeked gipsyish-looking man, whose 
 skin is very dark, and moustache and imperial very 
 black, thin, and snaky. His eyes, too, have a 
 peculiar expression, and he moves with an uneasy, 
 lithesome motion. He is evidently hypochondriacal 
 and full of alarms. Noe's nose is aquiline, his hair, 
 eyes, and moustache very dark, his face very pale, his 
 action nervous, suspicious, almost fearful, and his 
 speech reserved and hesitating. He sat down upon 
 the seat where his brother had already taken up a 
 position." 
 
 After much questioning, they found that to them, 
 at least, what Noe knew, and what he believed, did 
 not amount to much. But for his sister and mother 
 they would have turned him inside out; but the ladies 
 had a shrewd idea as to what was the best market for 
 his intelligence. 
 
 After a long string of questions, "Noe looked at his 
 sister and then at his immediate maternal ancestor." 
 Then he ventured : 
 
 " Ain't all that in the Sun ? " 
 Mrs. Nee. "No. Is it?"
 
 CROSS-QUESTIONING. 171 
 
 Miss Noe. "No ; he didn't say yet that lie knew 
 it was the same Stanley. He thinks it is." 
 
 Correspondent. " You have no positive knowledge 
 of the identity of the person, then ? " 
 
 Noe. "No." 
 
 Correspondent. " What, then, is your opinion of 
 the course your Mr. Stanley would pursue were he 
 in search of Livingstone ? "Would his courage and 
 adventurous spirit lead him on to find the object of 
 his search, cr would he be more likely to forget the 
 papers received in England ? " 
 
 Noe. ' He is just as likely to do one as the 
 other." 
 
 Correspondent "I believe you state that Mr. 
 Stanley toM you in England, in 1867, that he wished 
 to go in search of Dr. Livingstone? I am not sure 
 of your precise statement, but thought I would allude 
 to it, as letters were received as late as 1869 in 
 England from the Doctor ? " 
 
 Noe. " Did I say that ? T guess Livingstone was- 
 lost for a while before 1869, wasn't he? For a year 
 or so." 
 
 Miss Noe. "No. But Stanley didn't say exactly 
 that lie wanted to go in search of Livingstone." 
 
 Mrs. Noe. " No. He said he would go to Africa. 
 That was all. He wanted to go there as correspori-
 
 172 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 dent for the New York Herald, expecting to have all 
 his expenses paid and to make a great deal of 
 money." 
 
 If Mrs. Noe was not inclined to give them the 
 precise information they wanted, she was quite ready 
 to abuse Stanley in a general way. She said : 
 
 " The family were in constant dread of him and his 
 emissaries, who (here she expressed her belief that 
 something very terrible would be done to the family) 
 if he could do so with impunity. The entire circle 
 at once broke forth in approval of the elderly lady's 
 fears. The notorious Noe turned a shade paler. 
 The coffee-coloured Noe retreated to the interior of 
 the house and shouted, while his head protruded from 
 the. open doorway, ' You're givin* 'urn all they want. 
 They'll write a longer letter than the Sun got. 
 Now you're given 'um more facts ! ' 
 
 " The old man was moved by the threatened danger. 
 He raised his head faintly ; he came forth, seem- 
 ingly, from the corner of neglect and seclusion, which, 
 unnoticed, he seems to occupy, and in a painfully 
 humble, deprecating way he essayed to avert the 
 threatening storm. 
 
 " 'They hain't got no letters : we hain't given 'um 
 no letters,' he faltered ; and then, while he tried to 
 smile, the fUhy lids of his swollen little eyes moved
 
 MRS. JONES, OF THE " CROSS FOXES," OLASCOED. 
 (The Mother of Henry M. Stanley.)
 
 A FRIEND OF STANLEY'S. 173 
 
 gaspingly, and he returned to a condition of non- 
 entity. 
 
 " Sharply and coramandingly came the words from 
 Mrs. Noe's nodding head, 
 
 " ' They're not gettiu' anything the Sun wants. 
 They'll get no information that'll do 'em any good. 
 They don't want to know anything about Stanley's 
 character, and we don't know anything about Living- 
 stone, or whether Stanley went after him or not. We 
 
 only think he's a ' (here Mrs. Noe expressed herself 
 
 very vigorously). 
 
 "After working herself into a fury, she turned 
 suddenly upon the English Correspondent and 
 said : 
 
 " ' Then you're a friend of Stanley's, arid a near friend 
 too. I knew it when you first came here. Stanley is 
 
 a (Mrs. Noe again made use of an unparliamentary 
 
 expression), and you look just like him. You look 
 near enough alike to be his half-brother, and we don't; 
 
 O * 
 
 know but what you are.' 
 
 "This shot struck the Englishman as fairly as it 
 did unexpectedly, and he could only smile and apolo- 
 gize for looking as he did. 
 
 " Mr. Noe himself seemed to be somewhat of the 
 impression that the Englishman was Stanley himself, 
 and cast many stealthy looks at him. After con- 
 
 M
 
 174 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 siderable nodding, motioning, and interchange of 
 glances, Miss Noe finally requested the gentleman to 
 remove his hat, which he smilingly did, and after a 
 more minute examination of the shape of his head 
 than they could previously make, they admitted that 
 he was, perhaps, a very good-looking person, and not 
 quite so bad as their boguey. 
 
 " The Englishman finally replaced his hat, claimed 
 to be of Indian descent, indulged in a series of jokes, 
 and asked the Noes if they had yet been visited by 
 a Herald Correspondent. They answered that they 
 might have been, but did not know. The persons 
 present might be Herald representatives for all they 
 knew or ever might know." 
 
 How grievously they were in error in the last 
 supposition they would learn when they saw the New 
 York Herald of the 29th August. Hitherto Louis 
 had enjoyed all the celebrity ; now the entire family had 
 suddenly become famous. If they had failed in injuring 
 Mr. Stanley, they had discovered themselves to thou- 
 sands of newspaper readers, who, but for him, could 
 never have known of their existence. 
 
 In his letter to the New York Herald, clearing 
 himself from the charges made against his character 
 by Louis Noe, Mr. Stanley alluded to his detractors 
 across the water. His method of dealing with one
 
 KICKING AN EDITOR. 175 
 
 of them is too characteristic to be omitted here. It 
 appears as a postscript to the letter : 
 
 " p.S. I have omitted to mention the fact that 
 I have seen in an American newspaper some account 
 of an article which has appeared in an Omaha paper 
 derogatory to me. This Omaha paper can only be 
 the Omaha Herald, whose local editor ' Little Mac ' 
 by name I kicked publicly for slander and threats. 
 This local editor had me brought up before the 
 Mayor, Charles Brown, for assault and battery. The 
 jury returned a verdict of ' Not Guilty/ and ' Little 
 Mac/ besides suffering the indignity of a vigorous 
 kicking in his rearward parts, was compelled to pay 
 'costs.' If any one doubts this, let him examine 
 the files of the Omaha Republican ; let him ask 
 Governor Butler, of Nebraska ; Major Balcombe, 
 Judge Strickland, Major Brown ; and he will receive 
 a complete confirmation of the fact. It is but 
 natural, therefore, that the Omaha Herald should 
 bear me a grudge." 
 
 Since the appearance of Mr. Stanley's letter, Mr. 
 George L. Miller, the present editor of the Omaha 
 Herald, has written to Mr. Bennett to say that no word 
 of detraction had appeared in his journal. He enclosed 
 an article, in which Mr. Bennett and Mr. Stanley 
 
 M 2
 
 i;6 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 were spoken of in terms of warm eulogy. We quote 
 the following from it : 
 
 " Give you my photograph," said Stanley to a gentle- 
 man in England ; " I hare none, nor shall I have any 
 taken. I did not go to Africa to discover myself. 
 Photographers have applied to me, but I have told 
 them that if any photograph ought to be exhibited, it 
 is that of Mr. Bennett. He deserves all the credit of 
 the expedition." 
 
 Fortunately this resolution has been overcome, and 
 the public can procure his portrait and that of his boy 
 Kalulu in a variety of positions. 
 
 In the United States, the question of the actual 
 discovery of Livingstone by Mr. Stanley was more 
 fiercely discussed than with us. The publication of 
 Louis H. Noe's letter gave envious newspaper editors 
 an opportunity of throwing dirt at the proprietor of 
 the New York Herald and his Coriespondent, which 
 tht-y were not slow to avail themselves of. 
 
 The reproduction, in facsimile, of two letters written 
 to Noe by Mr. Stanley, one in 1867, when with 
 General Hancock's expedition, promising to send his 
 old friend some Indian trophies, and another from 
 Paris, wishing him a happy new year, on January 
 1, 18G8, strengthened the position of doubters for a 
 time, as his writing bore a certain general resemblance
 
 AUTOGRAPH EVIDENCE. 177 
 
 to that of the letter sent by Livingstone to Mr. Bennett, 
 of the New York Herald, which had been reproduced 
 in facsimile in that journal. 
 
 The exact reproduction of nearly a dozen letters 
 of Dr. Livingstone, some of them written several 
 years ago, settled the question as to the letters to Mr. 
 Bennett being in the great traveller's handwriting ; 
 and the positive assertion of Lord Granville and Dr. 
 Livingstone's relatives, that the letters received from 
 him through Mr. Stanley were genuine, effectually 
 silenced all opposition. 
 
 But to enable our readers to judge for themselves 
 in this matter, we give a specimen in exact facsimile 
 of Mr. Stanley's autograph, written four years since ; 
 and, on another page, we give a sample of Dr. Living- 
 stone's handwriting from a letter addressed by the 
 great traveller, in 1866, to William Stearns, Esq., 
 formerly of Bombay, now of New York City. The 
 most careless glance will convince the reader that the 
 same hand never wrote the two pages. 
 
 The great bulk of the Press of the United States have 
 shown themselves above petty jealousy at the success 
 of their contemporary, and have been very warm and 
 enthusiastic in their acknowledgment of the enter- 
 prise which sent Mr. Stanley on such a mission, and
 
 178 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 the success with which that courageous man carried 
 it out. Some of them, however, make merry over 
 tlie Oriental simplicity and brevity of the instructions 
 Mr. Stanley received from Mr. Bennett in Paris. 
 
 The New York Jewish Chronicle, for instance, re- 
 commends Mr. Bennett to send Mr. Stanley in search 
 of " the ten Lost Tribes of Israel, who disappeared 
 about twenty-five centuries ago, and have since then 
 kept a studious silence as to their whereabouts/' The 
 Chronicle gives the following as an account of the 
 probable origin and carrying out of such an under- 
 taking : 
 
 Mr. Bennett (in bed, 4 A.M.) " Mr. Stanley, have 
 the Ten Tribes ever been found ? " 
 
 Mr. Stanley (in room adjoining, also in bed). 
 " No, sir ; not to my knowledge." 
 
 Mr. Bennett. " Can they be found ? " 
 
 Mr. Stanley. " I should judge so." 
 
 Mr. Bennett. "Will you find them? " 
 
 Mr. Stanley." I will, sir." 
 
 Mr. Bennett. " Start immediately ; draw on me 
 for as large a sum as you like, and don't come back 
 until you have found all the Ten Tribes, whom you 
 must send to America as speedily as possible." 
 
 " And Mr. Stanley takes the first boat for any- 
 where ; and depend upon it, the news will soon be
 
 END OF THE STORY. *79 
 
 flashed along the line : ' Glory ! I have just found 
 Tribe Number One ! The Reubenites are well, and 
 send congratulations ! ' 
 
 Mr. Stanley is still a young man, and will, we 
 doubt not, embrace every opportunity that presents 
 itself for accomplishing deeds worthy of his past 
 career, and of the great feat which has immortalized 
 his name. 
 
 We leave the story of his life as he arrives in 
 England, to receive that reward in fame and honour 
 which the people of this country are not slow in 
 granting to those who have accomplished a labour 
 which constitutes the whole civilized world their debtor.
 
 \So LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 ON page 85 we stated that Mr. Stanley sent a 
 letter to the Levant Herald, published at Constanti- 
 nople, detailing the indignities he and his unfortunate 
 friends had received near Afinne-Kara-Hissar. We 
 are now enabled to give both the letter itself and the 
 editorial comment upon it : 
 
 (Letter in " Levant Herald" October 1*1 th, 1866.) 
 OUTRAGE ON AMERICAN TRAVELLERS. 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE " LEVANT HERALD." 
 
 SIR, 
 
 When about seven hours from Afiuna Kara* 
 Hissar, on the 1 8th September en route for Tiflis and 
 Thibet via Erzeroum, from Smyrna, I and my two 
 companions Mr. H. W. Cook of Illinois, and Master 
 Lewis Noe of New York, were attacked by a band of 
 robbers, hailing from the village of Chi-Hissar, headed 
 by a fellow named Achmet of Kara-Hissar, and robbed 
 of all our money, valuables, and clothing, to the tune 
 of about 80,000 piastres. It would occupy too much 
 space were I to enter into minor details ; suffice it to
 
 SAD ILL-TREATMENT, 181 
 
 .state that after robbing us, they conveyed us as 
 prisoners in triumph to Chi-Hissar, accusing us of being 
 robbers, which brought down on our devoted heads 
 unparalleled abuse from the villagers; the women 
 pelted us with stones, the children spat at us, the men 
 belaboured us unmercifully with sticks, clubs, and fire- 
 tongs. Not comprehending in the least what direc- 
 tion affairs had taken, I must say for myself that I 
 was pluuged in a state of stupefaction not unrningled 
 with rao-e, as to how and why we were thus treated. 
 
 O ' * 
 
 We had instantly acquiesced in all their demands, and 
 were as docile as lambs in their hands, and though 
 when attacked we were armed with the best Sharp's 
 fliers and Colt's revolvers, we had offered no resis- 
 tance. 
 
 When night arrived, they bound us with cords 
 drawn so tight round our necks, that it nearly pro- 
 duced strangulation, in which suffering condition they 
 allowed us to remain twelve hours. During the night 
 three of our captors, Vely, Muet, and Mustapha, when 
 all seemed buried in slumber, committed the diabolical 
 ---[it is not necessary to describe the outrage. Suffi- 
 cient to say that it was of a very shameful character, 
 and that the lad was coerced into silence by the 
 robbers flourishing over his head a long knife, with 
 a significant threat to cut his throat] No explana- 
 
 O
 
 182 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 tions that they can render can gloss over the wanton 
 cruelty and malignant treatment to which we have 
 been subjected. 
 
 Next day, two of them conveyed us, bound, with 
 the most daring effrontery imaginable, to a small town 
 called Rashi Keiu, with the statement that we were 
 robbers, when, of course, we were powerless to 
 explain the mystery that hung over us. We were 
 treated as prisoners, accompanied by the most cruel 
 abuses ; chains were hung round our necks, like gar- 
 lands, for the night. From this place we were sent 
 to Afiuna-Kara-Hissar, where we received the benefit 
 of an interpreter, in the person of Mr. L. D. Peloso, 
 agent of the Ottoman Bank at that place, who 
 acquitted himself very creditably in that capacity ; 
 the fruits of which were, that we were immediately 
 freed from " durance vile." Nor did his generosity 
 stay here ; he lent us ample funds, procured us com- 
 fortable rooms at the khan, and fed and clothed us, 
 thus acting the part of a good Samaritan to three 
 unfortunates. And again, through his energetic and 
 repeated appeals to Raouf Bey, the sub-governor of 
 that place, all the robbers were arrested. A strict 
 search was made by soldiers in the village, and about 
 40 piastics and two or three articles of clothing were 
 recovered The prisoners Achrnet, Ibrahim, Hussar,
 
 JUSTICE TO THE ROGUES. 183 
 
 Mustapha, Beker, Vely, Muefc, arid three others were 
 sent under strong guard to Broussa, there to be 
 detained till tried according to law. 
 
 We arrived at Constantinople via Broussa yester- 
 day, to lay our case before the American Minister, 
 through whose influence I hope justice will be meted 
 out to the unbapti/ed rogues. Hoping you will give 
 this letter a small space in your valuable paper, I 
 remain one of the victimized, 
 
 HENRY STANLEY. 
 
 Pera, October 11. 
 
 "The above letter appeared in our Bulletin of 
 Thursday, and has been locally read with the indig- 
 nation it compels. As was to be expected, the Hon. 
 E. Joy Morris, the American Minister, has lost no 
 time in addressing an energetic demand to the Porte 
 for the prompt and severe punishment of the ruffians 
 concerned. He has, we have reason to believe, in- 
 sisted (1) on the immediate payment by the robbers, 
 or by their village, of the value of the money and 
 effects taken from Mr. Stanley and his companions ; 
 (2) on the public trial of Achmet Eflfendi who is, by 
 the way, an ex-Cadi and his nine accomplices, before 
 a tribunal of unexceptionable impartiality ; and 
 (3), in the case of the three ruffians who outraged 
 the boy, on the application of the full penalty of the
 
 184 LIFE OF HENRY M. STANLEY. 
 
 law, according to the letter of whioh many of our 
 readers may not, perhaps, be aware this crime is a 
 capital one. In every interest of justice and morality, 
 not less than as a protection for future travellers, it 
 is to be hoped that Mr. Morris will insist on the law 
 being executed in its utmost rigour on this particular 
 trio of the band. Nothing short of this, we feel 
 convinced, will satisfy the public sentiment in America, 
 nor the just indignation of foreigners of all nationa- 
 lities resident in Turkey. Happily, the case is in 
 excellent hands, and neither of these is likely to be 
 disappointed. As a just guarantee of this, Lord Lyons 
 has, in the absence of an American Consular Agent at 
 Broussa, courteously authorized Mr. Consul Sandison 
 to watch the proceedings at the trial, which will be 
 held without delay in the town. We shall not fail to 
 report the result." 
 
 Woodfntt Mid Kinder, Printer*, Milford Ltuie, Strand, London, W.C.
 
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 THE BOOK MUST SE SEEN TO SE APPRECIATED. The 
 
 Illustrations are exact reproductions of the exquisite paintings of the Van Eyck 
 ychoo!, and in finish and beauty are far above any similar book-paintingt issued in this 
 country. As the preparation of the work has been so cottly and slow, it is never likely 
 to decrease in value. 
 
 antr ZIIumtnatt0njf. 
 "GOLDEN VERSES FROM THE NEW TESTAMENT." 
 
 With 50 Illuminations and Miniatures from celebr us and 
 
 Books of Hours of the i4th and isth Centuries, in Gold and Colours. 
 The Text very beautifully printed in Letters of Gold on fine Ivory 
 Paper. 4to, in a handsome cloth case, with silk ribbons, 305. ; or 
 bound in a volume, morocco, gilt edges, 2 55. 
 
 ALBERT DURER'S "LITTLE PASSION," as Engraved 
 
 by the distinguished Artist in 1509-10; consisting of 37 inimitable 
 Designs upon Wood. With a Survey of Durer's Works by W. C. 
 PRIME. Boyal 4to. The Illustrations in exquisite facsimile, emble- 
 matic binding, 255. 
 
 Only 100 copies of this beautiful look mere printed. 
 
 ** 
 
 BRUNET'S MANUEL DU LIBRAIRE, 3 vols. 
 
 half morocco, top edge gilt, 255. only. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 CURIOSITIES OF LONDON. Exhibiting the most Rare 
 
 and Remarkable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis ; with nearly 
 Sixty Years' Personal Recollections. By JOHN TIMES, F.S.A. 
 New Edition, Corrected and Enlarged, 215. 
 
 ** " A most raluabZf and interesting work, and a mine of information to all who 
 defire any particulars about London, past and present. It contains nearly 1,000 closely 
 printed / 
 
 Bow CHCECH AND CHBAPSIDZ, 1750. 
 
 LONDON CHARACTERS: The Humour, Pathos, and 
 
 Peculiarities of London Life. By HENBY MATHEW (Author of 
 " London Labour and the London Poor ") and other Writers. With 
 upwards of 70 Characteristic Illustrations of London Life. Crown 
 8vo, 480 pages, 75. 6d. 
 
 KNIGHT'S (Charles} PICTORIAL HISTORY OF LONDON, 
 
 Ancient and Modern. With nearly 700 Engravings of Buildings, 
 Antiquities, Costumes, Remarkable Characters, Curiosities, Ac., &c.' 
 6 vols., imp. 8vo, bound in 3, cloth neat, 355. 
 
 ** The most delightful 'book ever written about Old and Modern London, It 
 M a perfect mine of information, and should be in tvery English Library. If hoked at 
 from the point of cheapness alone, the work is a perfect marcel, containing as it does 
 more than 2,500 large and handsomely printed pages, crowded with pictures. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 THE HISTORY OF ADVERTISING, in all Ages and Coun- 
 
 tries. A Companion to the " HISTORY OP SIGNBOARDS." With many 
 very amusing Anecdotes and Examples of Successful Advertisers. 
 By Messrs. LARWOOD and HOTTEN. 
 
 _ 
 
 MARY HOLLIS : A Romance of the Days of Charles II. 
 
 and William Prince ofOranqe. From the Dutch of H. J. SCHIMMEL, 
 "the Sir Walter Scott of Holland." 3 vols., or. 8vo, i us. 6d. 
 * This novel relates to one of the mot. intrrerfing periods of our history . If ft<" 
 rreated the greatest excitement on the Continent, tche-re it quickly pa**ed throng* 
 several editions. It note translated from the Dutch with the assistance of the 
 author. _ _ _ __ __ __ . _ 
 
 New Series of Illustrated Humorous Novels. 
 
 1. THE STORY OF A HONEYMOON. By CHAS. H. Ross 
 
 and AMBROSE CLARKE. With numerous Illustrations, crown 
 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s. 
 
 An inimitable stori/ of the adventure! and troublei of a nealymarried couple. 
 y~ot unlike Mr. Surnan'd's "Sappy Thoughts." 
 
 %7~CENT. PER CENT. : A Story Written upon a Bill 
 
 Stamp. By BLANCHARD JERROLD. With numerous Illustratious. 
 Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s. 
 
 V A capital novel, " intended not only for City readers, but for all iiiter 
 in money matters." Athenaeum. ___ 
 
 MELCHIOR GORLES. By HENRY AITCHENBIE. 3 vols., 
 
 8vo, i us. 6cl. 
 
 V The Neu, Novel, illustrative of "Mesmeric Influence," or *"' eUe *' e 
 may choose to term that strange power which some persons exercise on 
 
 YANKEE DROLLERIES. Edited by GEORGE AUGUSTUS 
 
 SALA. Containing ARTEMUS WARD, BIGLOW PAPERS, ORPHEUS 
 C KERR, MAJOR JACK DOWNING, and NASBV PAPERS. One o 
 the Cheapest Books ever published. New Edition, on toned paper, 
 cloth extra, 700 pages, 33. 6d. __ ___ 
 
 fiWRE~YMKEE DROLLERIES. A Second Series of Cele- 
 brated Works by the best American Humorists. ARTEMUS WARD 
 TRAVELS ; HANS BREITMANN ; PROFESSOR AT THE BREAKFAST 
 TABLE ; BIGLOW PAPERS, Part II.; Josn BILLINGS Introduction 
 by G. A. SALA. Cr. 8vo, 700 pages, cloth extra, 38. 6(L _____ 
 
 Thii'd Supply of YANKEE DROLLERIES. The best recent 
 Works of American Humorists. A. WARD'S FENIANS, MARK 
 TWAIN AUTOCRAT OF THE BREAKFAST TABLE, BRET HARTE. 
 INNOCENTS ABROAD. Introduction by G. A. SALA. Crown 8ro, 700 
 pages, cloth extra, 38. 6d-. 
 %* An entirely n*t> gathering of Transatlantic humour. Fourteen thouianl 
 
 copies have been sold of the first and second series. __ _ 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY,' LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 GEORGE COLMAN'S HUMOROUS WORKS. 
 
 BROAD GRINS. My Nightgown 
 
 and Slippers, and other Humorous 
 Works, Prose and Poetical, of GEOEGE 
 COLMAN the Younger. Now first col- 
 lected, with Life and Anecdotes of tho 
 Author, by GEOEGE B. BUCKSTONE. 
 Crown 8vo, 500 pages, 73, 6d. 
 
 ** Admirers of genuine eld English xit and 
 humour irresistible and always fresh Kill be 
 delighted icith the collected edition of George 
 Colman's humorous icorks. At a tcit, he has had 
 no equal in our time ; and a man with a tithe of 
 hi* ability could, at the present day, make the 
 fortune of any ont of our to-called " comic 
 jou.rno.lt" and bankrupt the rest. 
 
 Are you Engaged ? If so, procure 
 
 ADVICE TO PARTIES ABOUT 
 
 TO MARRY. A Series of Instruc- 
 tions in Jest and Earnest. By the 
 
 Hon. HUGH EOWLET. With Humorous Illustrations. Price 35. 6d., 
 
 elegantly bound. 
 
 ** Before taking the " awful plunge " be sure to consult thit little work. If it is 
 not a guarantee against life-long misery, it will at least be found of great assistance 
 ut selecting a partner for life. 
 
 SEYMOUR'S SKETCHES. A Companion Volume to 
 
 " Leech's Pictures." The Book of Cockney Sports, Whims, and 
 Oddities. Nearly 200 highly amusing Illustrations. Oblong 4to, 
 a handsome volume, half morocco, price 125. 
 %* A re-issue of the famous pictorial comicalities which were so popular thirty yeart 
 
 ago. The volume is admirably adapted for a table-book, and the pictures will doubtless 
 
 again meet with that popularity which wot 
 
 extended towards them when the artist pro- 
 
 jfcted with Mr. Dickens the famous " Pick- 
 
 n-ick Papers." 
 
 THE GENIAL SHOWMAN ; or, 
 
 Adventures with Artemus Ward, 
 and the Story of his Life. By E. 
 P. KINGSTON, companion of Arte- 
 mns Ward during the latter's Ad- 
 ventures. Cheap and popular 
 Edition, cr. 8vo, illustrated by 
 Brunton, 75. 6d, 
 
 *,* This is a most interetting work. It 
 gices Sketches of Show-Life in the Far West, 
 on the Pacific Coast, among the 3Iines of 
 California, in Salt Lake City, and across the 
 Rocky Mountains ; including chapters descrip* 
 five ofArtemut Ward'* visit to England. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 ~ 
 
 """Capital 
 
 BISMARCK : The Story^T^Career, {l<f f or p P ular 
 
 Reader,. By Mr. GEO. BULLED of the British Museum, is. 
 V An admirable account of th* "Man of Blood and Iron;" gMng numerou, 
 
 very characteristic anecdotet. __ ___ _ . - 
 
 TH~E~COI\ISCRIPT : A Story of the French and German 
 
 War of 1813. By MM. ERCKMANN-CHATSIAX. is. 
 
 %* The only unabridged English translation published. 
 
 B y MM - 
 
 F n TO A ^v.nHATRiAN.__T/^OHtv unabridged translation, is. 
 
 KILLED~A : TSAARBRUCK : An Englishman's Adventures 
 
 during the War. By EDWABD LEGOE, Correspondent at the Seat 
 of War. Cloth, a^cl^paper^ is. _ _ _ _ 
 
 NEVER CAUGHT : The thrilling Narrative of a Blockade 
 
 Runner during the American War, is. _ _____ _ 
 
 MIPS FROM A ROUGH LOG. Amusing Account of a 
 Voyage to the Antipodes, is. __ _ __ 
 
 THACKERAY, the Humourist and Man of Letters. A 
 
 Story of his Life. By the Author oftte^IaferfjDickenB." is. 
 
 h, Lord BYRON in LOVE, 
 
 &C. IS. _ _ __ -- 
 
 MYSTERY OF MR. E. DROOD. A delightful Adaptation. 
 By OEPHEUS C. KERB, is. _ __ _ 
 
 POLICEMAN YTHls^pinions on War and the Millingtary. 
 
 With lUustrations by SODEN. Cloth, as. 6d. ; paper, is. 
 * * Headers of ThacTceray > " Policeman X Salladt " will be much amuied wlh t 
 ' Opinions " of hit brother^fflcer.^Policeman T." _ 
 
 BIGLOW PAPERS. By J. B. LOWELL. TJie lest and 
 
 fullest edition of thesc^Humvrous and very Clever Verses, is. 
 
 ORPHEUS~C~KERR [Office-Seeker-] PAPERS. By B. S. 
 
 NEWELL. A most mirth-provoking work, is. 
 
 Exceedingly 
 droll, and of -world-wide reputation, is. __ 
 
 By TOM HOOD. A dc- 
 
 . . 
 
 lightful piece of humour. Idiotically illustrated by BEPNTON. 
 WTTANlTHUMOUR. Verses by O. W. HOLMES, Author 
 of the ' : Autocrat of the Breakfast Table." is. __ 
 JOBN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75. PICCADILLY, I/>NPON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 THE STANDARD EDITION. 
 
 ROBINSON CRUSOE. Profusely Illustrated by ERNEST 
 GEISET. Edited, with a New Account of the Origin of Bobinson 
 Crusoe, by WILLIAM LEE, Esq. Crown 8vo, $s. 
 
 ** This edition deserves tpeclal attention from the fact that it is the only correct 
 one that ha* been printed since the time of Defoe. By the kindness of Mr. Lee a copy 
 of the rare and valuable original, in three vote., vas deposited with the printers during 
 the progress of the tcork, and all thoee alterations and blunders which hace been dis- 
 covered, in every recent edition are in this case avoided. There is no living artist better 
 adapted to the task of illustrating Crusoe than Ernest Griset. 
 
 LEGENDS OF SAVAGE LIFE. By JAMES GREEXWOOD, the 
 
 famous Anthor of " A Night in a Workhouse." With 36 inimitably 
 droll Illustrations, drawn and coloured by EENEST GRISET, the 
 " English Gustavo Dore." 4to, coloured, 75. 6d. ; plain, 55. 
 * The pictures are among the mottsur prising ichich have come from this artist's pencil. 
 " A Munchausen sort of book. The drawings by M. Griset are very power- 
 ful and eccentric." Saturday JKeciew. 
 
 Walk up ! Walk up ! and see the 
 
 COOL'S PARADISE; with the Many Wonderful Adven- 
 tures there, as seen in the strange, surprising 
 PEEP-SHOW OF PROFESSOR WOLLEY COBBLE, 
 
 Earee Showman these Five-and-Twenty Years. 
 
 N.S. Money Setumed if the Performance not Approved of. Private Parties 
 i. 'tended on the Shortest Notice. Price 7*. 6d. 
 Crown 4to, with nearly 200 immensely funny Pictures, all beautifully Coloured. 
 
 
 THE PBOFESSOE'S LEETLE Mrsic LESSOX. 
 ** One of the drollest, most comical books ever published. 
 
 THE HATCHET-THROWERS. With Thirty-six ninstra- 
 
 tions, coloured after the inimitably grotesque Drawings of EENEST 
 GEISET. 4to, cloth gilt, 75. 6d. ; plates uncoloured, 55. 
 *,* Comprises the astonishing adventures of Three Ancient Marincri, the Brother* 
 Brass Oj Bristol, Mr. Corker, and Mungo Midge. 
 
 JOHV CAHDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON,
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 WORKS BY BRET HART 
 
 WIDELY KKOWN FOR TIHUE EXQUISITB PATHOS AXD DBLIOHTFUL HUMOUR. 
 *&- BLAfKWOOi>'9 MAGAZINE yoei into rapture* over thi -Author 'and givet page 
 after m e to prove that he is a literary star of undoubted brillmncy. 
 
 1 LUCK OF ROARING CAMP, and other Stories. 
 
 BEET HAETE. Crown 8vo, toned paper, 33. 6d. ; a paper edition, is 
 * * The "Saturday Review " dented three column* to ttopraite <MW- 
 7 * / * ., ' Chambers's Journal " gives several juiye* under the heading, 
 TraC^-cS^^" Spectator'' i* dented vith this ne* author ; art 
 readers are everywhere asking for hi* books. __ __ __ _ 
 
 ^, and other HumorouH Poems. 
 
 By BEET HAETE. Cloth, very neat, 2s. 6d. ; paper, is. 6<7. 
 
 * * An entirely new tyle of humour. Since the publication of tkutpotmtil 
 country extracts from them have been copied and re-copied into every newspaper through- 
 out the country, giving the public an infinity of delight. _ 
 
 iTS~ENSAfiON~ NOVELS. Condensed by BRET HARTE. 
 
 Price as. 6tZ., cloth, neat ; or, in paper, is. 6d. 
 
 l^SSZ 1 ' b ^S'5."S. KKyfS!y^S"^ 
 
 ' -Noniil 0-ll-ns. 
 
 BeUe 
 
 ee o. 
 
 4T LOTH AW or, The Adventures of a Young Gentleman 
 
 ' in Search of a Religion. By Mr. BENJAMINS (Bret Harte). Price 
 
 6d. Curiously Dlustrated. 
 
 A most mirth-making little volume. Readers of a recent popular novel m 
 it ^oMerMer"Lh ff Jt i* o droll, m entirely *~, that, it cannot fa^n 
 
 17 Illustrated Edition of THAT HEATHEN CHINEE and 
 
 Poems By BEET HAETE. With " That Heathen Chmee set to 
 Music by STEPHEN TUCKEK, Author of " Beautiful Isle of the boa. 
 Cloth, very neat, 38. 6d. 
 
 * Thete are tte Illustration* vhich have so tickled our American cousin, 
 a sort of'ki^-^-yonr-he^'' d*W* about, them. Inavord, they're immense I 
 
 6~~EAST AND WEST. Tim New Volume of Verse. By 
 BEET HAETE, Author of "That Heathen Chinee." 
 neat, 2s. 6tZ. ; or in paper, is. 6tZ. 
 
 V Reader* who found pleasure in reading thi* Author'* first book* wOl 
 disappointed tcith this new work. _ _ _ _ ___ 
 
 (o M r \MON~~TO ^BEET HAETE'S "HEATHEN CHINEE." 
 
 (o M r \M 
 
 LITTLE BREECHES, and other Pieces, Descriptive and 
 
 Pathetic. By Col. JOHN HAT. Cloth, neat. as. 6-1. ; m paper, is. i 
 
 The dramatic fire and rigonr of thc*e PIKE COVNTY BAIL ADS fill *fart< 
 
 En a lJr^rTTl J elJnnJofth/fir>t ballad are timely terrific -tomething enUrely 
 
 Cerent f^h^a,,,; En^Xaut&r o*U dream of .much fe,, put on paper. _ _ 
 
 JOHN CAMDBN HOTTBK, 74 J^7S, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 NEW BOOK ON THE LONDON PAKKS. 
 THE STORY OF THE LONDON PARKS. By JACOB LARWOOD. 
 
 With numerous Illustrations, COLOURED AND PLAIN. Vol-. I., 
 Hyde Park ; Vol. II., St. James's Park and the Green Park. Price 
 i8s. the Two Volumes. 
 
 *** This is a neic and most interesting work, tricing a complete History of theft fa- 
 vourite out-of-door resorts, from the earliest period to the present time. The fashions, the 
 promenades, the rides, the reviews, and other displays in the Parks, from the merry days 
 c/ Charles II. doicn to the present airings in Rotten How and drives "around the 
 ring," are all fully given, together tcith the exploits of bold- highwaymen and the duels 
 of rival lovers, and other appellants to the Code of Honour. 
 
 SKETCHES OF IRISH CHARACTER. By Mrs. S. C. HALL. 
 
 With numerous Illustrations on Steel and Wood, by DANIEL 
 MACLISE, E.A., JOHN GILBERT, W. HARVEY, and G. CRUIKSHANK. 
 8vo, pp. 450, cloth, gilt edges, 75. 6d. 
 
 * One of the most delightful of thit favourite Author's Korkt. Aiapictureof 
 Irish domestic life it has no superior. 
 
 " The Irish Sketches of this lady resemble Miss Mitford's beautiful English 
 Sketches in ' Our Village,' but they are far more vigorous and picturesque 
 and bright." Slackwood's Magazine. 
 
 F OLD CORNWALL ; or, Popular Romances of 
 
 the West of England. Collected and Edited by ROBERT HUNT, 
 F.R.S. New Popular Edition, complete in one vol., with Illustra- 
 tions by GEORGE CRUIKSHANK. Price 75. 6cf. 
 
 *,* "Mr. Hunt's charming book on the Drolls and Stories of the "West of 
 England." Saturday AY ir, 
 
 . _ >u 
 
 JOHN CAMDKN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 WORKS BY MARK TWAIN. 
 
 I. PLEASURE TRIP ON THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 
 
 By MARK TWAIN. 500 pages, 2s. ; or in cloth, 33. 
 
 * * 
 
 TWAIN'S PLEASURE TRIP is afso issued in two-vol. form " 
 the title of 
 
 2. "THE INNOCENTS ABROAD." By MARK TWAIN. 
 
 THE VOYAGE OUT. Cloth, neat, fine toned paper, " SUPERIOR 
 EDITION," 33. 6d. ; or in paper, is. 
 
 3. THE NEW PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. By MARK TWAIN. 
 
 THE VOYAGE HOME. Cloth, neat, fine toned paper, " SUPERIOR 
 
 EDITION," 35. 6d. ; or in paper, is. 
 
 ** Readers wlio approved of this Author's quaint story of " The Jumping Frog" 
 Kill be very well satisfied with the " New Pilgrim's Progress : " there has been no icork 
 like it issued here for years. 
 
 4. BURLESQUE" "AUTOBIOGRAPHY, " "FIRST ME- 
 
 VIMVAL ROMANCE," AND "ON CHILDREN." By MARK 
 TWAIN. 6d. 
 
 5 _ THE JUMPING FROG, and other Humorous Sketches. 
 
 By MARK TWAIN, is. 
 
 " An inimitably fanny book." Saturday Review. 
 
 g_ EYE-OPENERS. A volume of immensely Funny 
 Savings and Stories that will bring a smile upon the gruffest 
 countenance. By the celebrated MARK TWAIN. Cloth, neat, zs. 6d. ; 
 Cheap Paper Edition, is. 
 
 7 SCREAMERS. A Gathering of Delicious Bits and 
 
 Short Stories, by the renowned MARK TWAIN. Cloth, neat, 55. 6d. ; 
 Cheap Paper Edition, is. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 .AM GICIA N'S OWN BOOK. Containing Ample Instructions 
 
 for PERFORMANCE in LEGERDEMAIN, CUPS and BALLS, EGGS, 
 HATS, HANDKERCHIEFS, &c. By the Author of " The Secret Out." 
 All from Actual Experience, and Edited by W. H. CREMER, Jun., 
 of Regent Street. With 200 Illustrations, 45. 6d. 
 
 THE SECRET OUT; or, One Thousand Tricks with Cards, 
 
 and other Recreations ; with Entertaining Experiments in Drawing- 
 Room or " White Magic." By the Author of the " Magician's Own 
 Book." Edited by W. H. CREMER, Jun., of Eegent Street. With 
 300 Engravings. Crown 8vo, cloth, 45. 6d. 
 
 ** These Hooks are complete Cycioptediai of Legerdemain. Under the title of 
 " Le Magicien des Salons " the first has long been a standard Itfagic Book with all 
 French and German Professors of the Art. The tricks are described so carefully, 
 with engravings to illustrate them, that anybody can easily learn how to perform them. 
 
 ENTIRELY NEW GAMES. 
 
 THE MERRY CIRCLE. A Book of NEW, GRACEFUL, and 
 INTELLECTUAL GAMES and AMUSEMENTS. Edited by Mrs. CLARA 
 BELLEW. Crown 8vo, numerous Illustrations, 45. 6d. 
 ** A new and capital book of Household Amusements. These are in every way 
 
 Intellectual Oames, and will pleate both old and young. It is an exctllent book to 
 
 i-oiisult before going to an evening party. 
 
 THE ART~OF AMUSING. A Collection of Graceful Arts, 
 Games, Tricks, Puzzles, and Charades, intended to amuse every- 
 body, and enable all to amuse everybody else. By FRANK BELLEW 
 With nearly 300 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 43. 6d. 
 * One of the most entertaining handbooks for amusement ever published. 
 
 NOTICE. Of the four looks offered above, the first is the most Advanced 
 in the Mysteries of White Magic. The second is a capital Beginners' 
 Book on the Wonderful Art of Conjuring. The third work, " TJie Merry 
 Circle," is a book of an Advanced Character in Family Amusements, 
 and requires considerable judgment on the part of the players. The 
 last work is a capital introductory book to the Art of Amusing 
 generally. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 very important New Books. 
 
 WORKS OF THE LATE ARTEMUS WARD. 
 
 New Edition, price is. ; by post i. 2<J. 
 
 ARTEMUS WARD: HIS BOOK. The Author's Enlarged 
 
 Edition. With Notes and Introduction by the Editor of the " Biglow 
 Papers." One of the wittiest, and certainly one of the most mirth-provok- 
 ing, books published for many years. Containing the whole of the Original, 
 with the following extra chapters : Babes in the Wood ; Tavern Accom- 
 modation, Betsy-Jain-Re-Orgunized ; A. Ward's First Umbrella ; Brig- 
 ham Young's Wives ; Artemus Ward's Brother ; Mormon Bill of Faro. 
 NOTICE. Mr. Hotten's Edition t the only one published in thus country vith thr 
 sanction of the Author. 
 
 The Saturday BIT if to says of Mr. Hotten's edition: "The author combines the powers of 
 Thackeray with those of Albert Smith. The salt U rubbed in by a native hand one which 
 has the gift of ticklinc; ." 
 
 " Wo never not even in the pages of our best humorists, read anything so laughable and so 
 shrewd as we have seen in this book by the mirthful Artamn8-0*Wfc Qpinfcm, 
 
 ARTEMUS WARD: His Travels Among the Mormons 
 
 and on the Eampaqe. Edited by E. P. KINGSTON, the Agent and Companion 
 of A. WABD whilst "on the Rampage." New Edition, price i*. 
 ** Some of Artemus' s most mirth -provoking papers are to be found in thin !ionlc. TV- 
 
 chapters upon the Mormons will unbend the sternest countenance. As bits of fun they 
 
 are IMMENSE ! 
 
 ARTEMUS WARD AMONQ THE FENIANS: with the 
 
 Showman's Experiences of Life at Washington, and Military Ardour at Baldins- 
 ville. Toned paper, price 6d. ; by post, ^d. 
 
 ARTEMUS WARD'S LECTURE AT 
 
 with the Panorama. Edited by the late T. W. ROBERTSON (Author of 
 "Caste," "Ours," "Society," &c.) and E. P. KINGSTON. Small 4to, 
 exquisitely printed, bound in green and gold, with NUMEROUS TINTED ILLUS- 
 TRATIONS, price 6s. 
 
 "Mr. Hotten has conceived the happy idea of printing Artemus Ward's 'Lecture' in such a 
 way as to afford the reader an accurate notion of the emphasis, by-play, &c., with which it WM - 
 delivered. We have no hesitation in saying that Mr. Hotten has almost restored the great 
 humourist to the flesh." Daily Telegraph. 
 
 " The tomahawk fell from our hands as we roared with laughter the pipe of peace slipped 
 from between our lips as our eyes filled with tears ! Laughter for Artemus's wit ti-ars for hi , 
 untimely death! This book is a record of both. Those who never saw Arti-nms in the flesh, 
 let them read of him in the spirit." Tomahmrl;. 
 
 "It actually reproduces Ward's Lecture, which was brimful of first-class wit and humour." 
 Daily News. 
 
 "It keeps yon in fits of laughter." 7><7</.'r. 
 
 " One of the choice and curious volumes for the issue of which Mr. Hotten has become famous." 
 City Preti. 
 
 "The Lecture is not alone droll : it is full M information." Examiner. 
 "It adds one to our books of genuine fun.' Kumlny Tinn-s. 
 
 i2mo, 200 pages, is. 6d.; or cloth, neat, 2*. 
 
 ARTEMUS WARD IN LONDON. Comprising the Letters 
 
 to " Punch," and other Humorous Papers, now first collected. 
 *,* Contains xome quaint and humorous compositions which were found upon thr 
 author's table, offer his decease. 
 
 ARTEMUS WARD, Complete. The~Works ,,f CM 
 
 FARRBR BROWNE, better known as "AHTBMPS WARD," now first collected. 
 Crown Svo, with fine Portrait, facsimile of handwriting, &c., 54 pages, 
 cloth neat, js. 6d. 
 
 ** Comrn-ijies all that the humourist has written in England or America. Admirert 
 of poor Artemut Ward tcill be glad to possess his writin;/* > <> romjilrlf fnrm. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 FLAGELLATION and the FLAGELLANTS; A History of the 
 
 "Rod in all Countries, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. 
 By the Rev. WILLIAM COOPER, B.A. With numerous Illustra- 
 tions. Thick crown 8vo, 125. 6d. 
 
 THE ROD 
 
 iir 
 THE CHUBCH, 
 
 CONVENT, 
 MONASTERY, 
 
 PBISON, 
 
 ABMY, NAVT, 
 
 IN PUBLIC 
 
 AND 
 
 IN PBIVATE. 
 
 THE BIRCH 
 
 THE FAMILY, 
 
 LADIES' SEMINABIES, 
 
 BOYS' SCHOOLS, 
 
 COLLEGES, 
 
 THE BOITDOIE, 
 
 Ancient and Modern. 
 
 V " A very remarkable, and certainly a very readable volume. Those who 
 care for quaint stories of the birch will find much Batter for reflection and not 
 a little amusement, in Mr. Cooper's ' Flagellation' Book.' Daily Telegraph. 
 
 The WGLISH MAN'S HOUSE, from a Cottage to a Mansion, 
 
 A Practical Guide to Members of Building Societies, and all inte- 
 rested in Selecting or Building a House. By C. JJ^j?5?*' 
 Architect, Author of " Old English Mansions,'' &c. Second Edition, 
 Corrected and Enlarged, with nearly 600 Illustrations. Crown Svo, 
 550 pages, cloth, 73. 6<L 
 
 ** This Work mighi 
 not inappropriately be 
 termed "A Book of 
 Houses." It gives every 
 i-ariety of house, from a 
 workman's cottage to a, 
 nobleman's palace. The 
 book is intended to supply 
 a want long felt, viz., a 
 plain non-te.chni.cal ac- 
 count of every style of 
 house, tcith the cost and 
 manner of building. 
 
 CAMDEN HGTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 BUSKIN AND CRUIKSHANK. "German Popular Stories. " 
 
 Collected by the Brothers GRIMM. Translated by EDGAR T \ 
 Edited by JOHN BUSKIN. With Twenty -two Illustrations after the 
 inimitable designs of GEORGE CRUIKSHANK. BOTH SERIES COM- 
 PLETE. Cloth, 8vo, 6s. 6d. ; gilt leaves, 73. 6d. 
 
 ** Theie are the defignt which Jlfr. Suskin has praised so highly, placing fhem far 
 fibore all Cntikhank't other works of a similar character. So rare had the original 
 took (published in 1823-1826^ become, that 5 to 6 per copy tea* an ordinary price. 
 
 "FAMILY~F/I/RY TALES;" or, Glimpses of Elfland at 
 
 Heathcrston Hall. Edited by CHOLMONDELEY PENNELL, Author 
 of " Puck on Pegasus," &c. Adorned with beautiful Pictures of " My 
 Lord Lion," " King Uggermugger," and other Great Folks. : 
 somely printed on toned paper, in cloth, green and gold, price 45. 6d. 
 plain, 55. 6d. coloured. 
 *,* Th\> charming volume has been unicersally praised by the critical prets. 
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE; orTJhe 
 
 Reminiscences of a Wincliester Junior. By the Author of " The 
 Log of the Water Lily," and ' The Water Lily on the Danube." 
 Second Edition, Eevised, COLOURED PLATES, 75. 6d. 
 
 ' Tom Srotcn't SchoolDays" did for Rugby. 
 
 PRINCE UBBELY BUBBLE'S NEW STORY BOOK. The 
 
 Dragon all Covered ivith' Spikes ; Tlie Long-tailed Nag ; The Three 
 One-legged Men; The Old Fly and the Young Fly; Tom and the 
 Ogre; and many other Tales. By J. TEMPLETON LUCAS. With 
 numerous Illustrations by MATT MORGAN, BARNES, GORDON 
 THOMPSON, BRUNTON, and other Artists. In small 4to, green 
 and gold, 45. 6d. ; gilt leaves, 55. 6d. 
 *" The Time* devoted a rpecial column in praise nffhit A*etc Story Book. 
 
 MADGE AND THE FAIRY CONTENT. A charming Child's 
 
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 of Contentment. With nearly 100 Pictures of the Industry requisite 
 to produce the Christmas Pudding. 45. 6d. 
 
 LITTLE CHARLIE'S LIFE OF HIMSELF. EditecTby the 
 
 Bev. W. B. CLARK, M.A., Vicar of Taunton. 4to, cloth, full of 
 curious Illustrations, 35. 6d. 
 
 V s A molt amutinqPretent for a child. It it an exact facsimile of thi autobiography 
 "fa boy letvten tix and teven yeart of age, at written by himself in hie copy-look. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTER, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 GUSTAVE BORE'S MOST CHARACTEKISTIC WORKS. 
 
 RABELAIS. Faithfully trans- 
 lated from the French, with variorum 
 Notes, and numerous characteristic 
 Illustrations by GUSTAVE DOBE. 
 Cloth neat, 600 pages. Price 75. 6d. 
 
 %* When it is ttated that this is a "faithful 
 iranslutlon." nch-Jun mil know what is meant. 
 The 60 full-page Illustrations areinthe Artist'* 
 lest and most fantastic manner. 
 
 COCKAYNES IN PARIS, The; 
 
 or, an English Family Abroad. By 
 
 BLANCHAED JEEEOLD. With MOST 
 
 AMUSING thumb-nail SKETCHES of the 
 
 ENGLISH by GUSTAVE DOEE, taken 
 
 on the Rail, the Steam-boat, and the 
 
 Pavement. Price 75. 6d. 
 
 ** Returned tourists who would like to see themselves from a French point of view, 
 vill be greatly diverted with this new travel-book. The pictures are very droll, 
 and give the exact notions of foreigners concerning us. One of these notions is that all 
 English ladies and gentlemen breathe through their mouths instead of through their 
 noses, hence our mouths are always open, our teeth protrude, and we are continually on 
 the grin. Some of their caricatures of our weaknesses are not wholly devoid of truth. 
 
 COUNTRY OF THE DWARFS, The. By PAUL Du CHAILLU. 
 
 New Book of Hair-breadth Escapes. Eeveals a New World to tha 
 reader, is. in paper ; 35. 6d. in cloth. Full-page Illustrations. 
 
 Hoiten's Edition of^ONTES DROLATIQUES" (Droll 
 
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 425 Marvellous, Extravagant, and Fantastic Woodcnta by DOES, 
 Beautifully printed, thick 8vo, half morocco, Eoxburghe. 123. 6d. 
 ** The most singular designs ever attempted by any artist. So crammed is the book 
 
 trith pictures that even the contents are adorned with thirty-three illustrations. 
 
 DIBECT application mutt be made to Mr. HOTIKW for this work. 
 
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 HISTORICAL CARTOONS ; or, Rough Pencil/ings of the 
 
 World's History from the First to the Nineteenth Century. By GUS- 
 TAVE DOEE. With admirable letterpress descriptions by THOMAS 
 WIUGHT. F.S.A. Oblong 4to, handsome Table Book. Price 73. 6d. 
 
 ** This is at 
 new book ofdar- 
 iny and inimit- 
 able designs, 
 which will ex- 
 cite considerable 
 attention, and 
 doubtless com- 
 mand a very 
 wide circulation. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTXEN, 74 AND 75 PiccADiLi.T, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 THE COLLECTOR; Essays on Boohs, Newspapers, 
 
 Pictures, Inns, Authors, Doctors, Holidays, Actors, Preachers. By 
 HENRY T. TUCKERMAN ; with an Introduction by Dr. DORAK. 
 Half morocco, 6s. 
 
 *.* A charmin;/ volume of delightful Essays, and a Companion to John llill 
 Burtons " Book-Huntcr." 
 
 LITERARY COPYRIGHT. Seuen Letters addressed by 
 
 permission to Earl Stanliope, D.C.L., F.R.S. By JOHN CAMDEN 
 HOTTEN. Price $s. 
 
 " A sensible and valuable little boot." dthenantm. 
 
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 OLD DRAMATISTS NEW EDITIONS. 
 
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 List." Edited by Lieut. Col. FRANCIS CUNNINGHAM. Crown 8vo, 
 Portrait. Cloth, 6s. ; cloth gilt, 6s. 6d. 
 
 BEN~~J ON SON'S WORKS. With Notes, Critical and~E^- 
 
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 LIFE AND NEWLY-DISCOVERED WRITINGS OF DANIEL 
 
 DEFOE. Comprising Several Hundred Important Essays, Pamphlets, 
 and other Writings, now first brought to light, after many years' dili- 
 gent search. By WILLIAM LEE, Esq. With Facsimiles and Illustra- 
 tions. 3 Vols., uniform with " Macaulay's History of England. ; 
 
 \ VERY USEFUL BOOK. In folio, half morocco, cloth sides. 75. 6d. 
 
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 EXTRACTS, MISCELLANEA, #c. A FOLIO SCRAP-BOOK OF 340 
 COLUMNS, formed for the reception of Cuttings, &c., with guard-. 
 ** A most useful rolumc, and one of the cheapest c >; 
 
 THE ROSI CRUCIANS ; their Rites and Mysteries. 
 
 With Chapters on the Ancient Fire and Serpent Worshippers, and 
 Explanations of the Mystic Symbols represented in the Monu- 
 ments and Talismans of the Primeval Philosophers. By HAR- 
 GRAVE JENNINGS. ios. 6d. 
 
 ** A volume of startling facts and opinions upon this very mysterious subject, HI 
 trated by nearly 300 engravings. 
 
 " Curious as many of Mr. Hotten's works have been, the volume now under 
 notice is. among them all, perhaps the most remarkable. The work pnrpor 
 to describe the Rites and Mysteries of the Rosicrncians. It dilfttea mi tn 
 cientFire and Serpent Worshippers. The Author has cer; 
 enormous amount of labour to these memorials of the ROSE-CROSS otherwise 
 the Rosi crucians." The Sun. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTKN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 HOGARTH'S FIVE DAYS' 
 
 Frolic; or, " Peregrinate- 
 by Land and Water." Illus- 
 trated with TINTED DRAW- 
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 SCOTT during the Journey. 4to, 
 beautifully printed, tos. 6<J. . 
 *,* A graphic and most extraordinary 
 
 picture of the hearty English times in 
 
 vhich these merry artists lived. 
 
 ACROSTICS, in Prose and 
 
 Verse. Edited -by A. E. H. 
 
 l2mo, gilt sloth, gilt edges, 35. 
 
 SECOND SERIES, cloth gilt, 35. 
 
 THIRD SERIES, cloth gilt, 33. 
 
 FOURTH SERIES. With 8 Pictorial Acrostics. Cloth gilt, 35. 
 
 FIFTH SERIES. An entirely New and Original Work. Cloth 
 
 SUPPLEMENT, under the title of " Easy Double, Historical, and 
 
 Scriptural Acrostics." Cloth gilt, 35. 
 
 * Each series sold separately. These are the best volumes of Acrostics ever issued 
 They comprilTshigle, Double, freble, and every variety of acrostic, and the set would 
 amuse the younger members of a family for an entire tcinter. 
 
 The Five Series Complete in a Case, " The AcrosHc^Box^rwe ijs^ 
 
 'WONDERFUITCHARAGTERS: Memoirs and Anecdotes 
 
 of EenuirkaUe and Eccentric Penons of Every Age and Nation. 
 From the test of HENRY WILSON and JAMES CAULFIELD. 8vo, 
 with SIXTY-ONE FULL-PAGE ENGRAVINGS OF EXTRAORDINARY 
 PERSONS, price 75. 6d. 
 
 There are to many curious matters discussed in this volume, that n*y person vho 
 takes it up irill not readily lay it down. The introduction it almost entirely devoted to 
 a consideration of Pig-Fticed Ladies, and the various stories Concerning them. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 AN EPIC OF WOMEN, and other Poems. By ARTHUR 
 
 W. E. O'SHAUGHNESSY. With Original Designs by Mr. J. T. 
 NETTLESHIP. Cloth, neat, price 6s. 
 
 "What he has given us is remarkable. With its quaint title, and quaint, 
 illustrations, ' Aw EPIC OP WOMKJT ' will be a rich treat to a wide circle of 
 admirers." Atken&um, Nov. 5, 1870. 
 
 "Combine Morris and Swinburne, and inspire the product with a fervour 
 essentially original, and you have, as we take it, a fair notion of Mr. O'Shaugh- 
 nessy's poems." Ditpatch, Oct. 30, 1870. 
 
 A N AC R EON. Illustrated by the Exquisite Designs of 
 GIRODET. Translated by THOMAS MOORE. Bound in vellum cloth 
 and Etruscan gold, 125. 6d. 
 
 %* A MOST BEAUTIFUL AND CAPTIVATING VOLUME. The well - 
 known Paris house, Firmin Didot, a fen- ytara gim-e j>r<,<!,n-i'il a miniature edition of 
 theie exquisite designs by the pkatograpJiic )>roce*s, and fold a large number at 2 per 
 copy. The designs have been tinictrxully admired by both artifts ami poets. 
 
 ECHOES FROM THE FRENCH' POETS' An Anthology 
 
 from BAUDELAIRE, ALFRED DE MUSSET, LAMARTINE, VICTOR 
 HUGO, A. CHENIER, T. GAUTIER, BERANGER, NADAUD, DTTFONT, 
 PARNY, and others. By HARRY CUKWEN. Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 55. ; 
 half -morocco, 6s 
 
 "A pleasant little volume of translations from modern French poets." 
 Graphic, Aug. 20, 1870. 
 
 FAIR ROSAMOND, and other Poems. By B. M. 
 
 RANKING ^of tho Inner Temple). Fcap. 8vo, price 6s. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 CHARLES DICKENS The Story of his Life. By the 
 
 Author of "The Life of Thackeray." Price 75. 6d., with NUME- 
 ROUS PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, 370 pp. 
 
 " Anecdotes seem to have 
 poured in upon the author 
 from all quarters. . . Turn 
 where we will through these 
 .-aiit pa<_res, some- 
 . >rth reading is sure 
 t o meet the eye. ' ' The Stan- 
 dard. 
 
 Dichens's Life : An- 
 
 iitlier Edition, without 
 Illustrations, uniform 
 with the "CHARLES 
 DICKENS EDITION," 
 and forming a Supple- 
 mentary Volume to 
 that favourite issue, 
 crimson cloth, 35. 6d. 
 
 DICKEITS'S SCMSIER HOUSE. 
 
 Dichens's Life. CHEAP POPULAR EDITION, in paper, 2s. 
 DICKENS'S SPEECHES, Literary and Social. Now first 
 
 collected. With Chapters on " Charles Dickens as a Letter Writer, 
 Poet, and Public Eeader." Price 75. 6d., with Fine Portrait by 
 
 Count D'ORSAT, 370 pages. 
 
 *** "His capital speeches. Everyone 
 of them reads like a page of ' Pickwick.' " 
 The Critic. 
 
 " His speeches are as good as any of his 
 printed writings." The Timei. 
 
 Dichens's Speeches. Uniform 
 
 with the " CHARLES DICKENS EDI- 
 TION," and forming a Supplement- 
 ary Volume to that favourite issue, 
 crimson cloth, 33. 6d. 
 
 Dichens's Speeches. CHEAP 
 
 EDITION, without Portrait, in paper 
 wrapper, ss. 
 
 HUNTED DOWN. A Story by CHARLES DICKENS. With 
 
 some Account of Wainewright, the Poisoner. Price 6d. 
 ** A pntcerful and intensely thrilling ttory, now first printed in book-form in 
 this country. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 For Gold and Silversmiths. 
 
 PRIVATE BOOK OF USEFUL ALLOYS AND MEMORANDA 
 
 for GOLDSMITHS and JEWELLERS. By JAMES E. COLLINS,C.E., 
 of Birmingham. Eoyal imo, 35. 6d. 
 
 ** The tecrett of the Gold and Silversmiths' Art are here given, for the benefit of 
 young Apprentice! and Practitioners. It is an invaluable book to the Trade. 
 
 THE STANDARD WORK ON DIAMONDS AND PRECIOUS 
 
 STOA'A's : tlii'lr }{!.<>' md Properties ; with NI,,<J>/<> Tests 
 
 for ascertaining their Reality. By HARRY EMANUEL, F.R.G.S. 
 With numerous Illustrations, tinted and plain. New Edition. 
 Prices brought down to the present time, full gilt, 6s. 
 
 " Will be acceptable to many readers." Times' review of three columns. 
 " An invaluable work for buyers and sellers." Spectator. 
 
 t This Second Edition is greatly superior to the previous one. It gives the 
 latent market value for Diamonds and Precious Stones of every size. 
 
 GUTTER'S MODERN 'CONFECTIONER. "The Best Book 
 
 on Confectionery and Desserts. An Entirely New Edition of this 
 Standard Work, adapted for Private Families or Large Establish- 
 ments, By WILLIAM JEANES, Chief Confectioner at Messrs. 
 GUNTER'S, Berkeley Square. With Plates, 8vo, cloth, 6s. 6d. 
 " All housekeepers should have it." Daily Telegraph. 
 
 ** Thisworle has won for itself the reputation of being the Standard English Book 
 on the preparation of all hinds of Confectionery, and on the arrangement of Desserts. 
 
 HOUSEKEEPER'S ASSISTANT. A Collection of the most 
 
 valuable Recipes, carefully written clown for future use by Mrs. 
 
 B , during her Forty Years' active Service. Cloth, price zs. 6d. 
 
 ** As much as two guineas have been paid for a ropy of this invaluable Itttlework. 
 
 THE YOUNG BOTANIST: A Pooular Guide to Elemen- 
 
 tarry /;</"-"/. By T S. RALPH, of the Linn;i';.n Sorirty. In i vol.. 
 with 300 Drawings from Nature, 2s. 6tl. plain : -|.s. Coloured by hand. 
 *,* An excellent book for the young beginner. The object* selected as illustrations 
 arc either eu*y of access 'as specimens oficiUl plants, or are common in gardens. 
 
 CHAMPAGNE: its History, Manufacture, Properties. 
 
 $c. By CHARLES TOVEY, Author of " Wine and Wine Countries," 
 'British and Foreign Spirits," &c.,Cr. 8vo, numerous illustrations^*. 
 A practical work, by one of the largest champagne merchants in London. 
 
 * * 
 
 BRIGHAM'S (Dr. A.) MENTAL EXERTION T Its In- 
 fluence on Health. With Notes and Remarks on Dyspepsia of 
 Literary Men. By ARTHUR LEARED, M.D. 8vo, boards, is. 6<1. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 7S> PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 NAPOLEON III., THE MAN OF HIS TIME: 
 
 PART I. The STORY OF THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON III., as told by 
 
 JAS. W. HASWELL. 
 PART II. The SAME STORY, as told by the POPULAR CARICATURES 
 
 of the'past Thirty-five Years. Crown 8vo, 400 pages, 73. 6d. 
 
 ,e*tJ.ry, and a very interesting look is _ 
 
 GRUIKSHANK'S COMW~ALMANACK. A Nineteen Years' 
 gathering of the BEST HUMOUR, the WITTIEST SAYINGS, the 
 T>roilest g Quips,andthe Best Things of THACKERAY HOOD JVUY- 
 HEW, ALBERT SMITH, A'BECKETT, ROBERT BROUGH, 1835-1853 
 With nearly Two Thousand Woodcuts and Steel Engraymgsby 
 the inimitable CRUIKSHANK, HINE, LANDELLS, &c. 6 
 
 each of 600 
 pages, price 
 ys. 6d. each. 
 %* Ainoit ex- 
 traordinary ga- 
 thering of the 
 lest wit and 
 humour of the 
 past half- cen- 
 =- fury. Reader* 
 can purchase one 
 Series and judge 
 for themselves. 
 The work forms 
 a " Comic His- 
 tory of Eng- 
 land" for twenty 
 yean. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 Original Edition of the Famous JOE MILLER'S JESTS ; 
 
 th<: poliiest Repartees, most elegant Bon-Mots, and most pleasing 
 
 nhnrt Stories in the English Language. London : printed by T . 
 
 K'.-.ul, 1739. Remarkable facsimile. 8 vo, half morocco, price as 6d 
 
 V ONLY A rERY FEW COPIES OF THIS HUMOROUS AND EACY 
 
 OLD BOOK HAVE SEEN REPRODUCED. 
 
 HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. With Sixty curious Bins- 
 
 tratious, 550 pp., price 75. 6it. 
 
 "A highly interesting volume." Horning Poit. 
 
 AXECDOTF.S, ANCIENT 
 A. VB MODEBIC GAMES, 
 
 CoNJtTEINCi, FOBTCNE- 
 
 TF.LLING AND CAED- 
 SHABPISG, SKILL AND 
 SLEIGHT OF HAND, 
 GAMBLING AST> CAI- 
 CCLATION, CABTOMANCT 
 
 AND CHEATING, OLD 
 GAMES AND GAMING- 
 HOUSES, CABD REVELS 
 AND BLIND HOOKEY, 
 
 PlCQCET AND YlNGT- 
 
 ET-UN, WHIST AND 
 CBIBBAGB, OLD-FASH- 
 IOSLD TBICKS. 
 
 SLANG DICTIONARY; or, The Vulgar Words, Street 
 
 Phrases, and " Fast " Expressions of Hi yh and Low Society; many 
 with their Etymology, and a few with their History traced. WITH 
 CURIOUS ILLUSTRATIONS. A New Dictionary of Colloquial English. 
 Pp. 328, in 8vo, price 6s. 6d. 
 
 " It may be 
 
 doubted if there 
 
 exists a more 
 
 amusing volume 
 
 in the English 
 
 language." Spec- 
 
 "Valuable as a , Egypto** Hieroglyphic verb, 
 
 workof reference." i, <""** >>>owiny the ampu. 
 
 Saturday Review. M C " man '' U 9- S* 
 
 T,X IV U " All classes of , &%" ^ 
 
 society will find f^ l tnk ) m th * &"<- 
 
 See Two UPON TEN, t amusementandin- " " 
 
 the Dictionary, p. 2B4, struction in its 
 pages." Time*. 
 
 CAPTAIN GROSE'S DICTIONARY of the VULGARTONGUB 
 
 ^ ^1785. A genuine unmutilated Eeprint of the First Edition. Price 8s. 
 
 " r htlf r , ^ CoUector "f' 8trt ^o^,^ and' CoUoquLl^^n fine to^L 
 , half-bound morocco, gilt top. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 THE NEW "PUNIANA" SERIES OF 
 
 CHOICE ILLUSTRATED WORKS of HUMOUR. 
 
 Elegantly printed on toned paper, full gilt, gilt edges, for the 
 Drawing -Room, price 6s. each. 
 
 1. CAROLS OF COCKAYNE. By 
 
 HENRY S. LEIGH. Vers de Societe, L - 
 
 and charming Verses descriptive of ^ N 
 
 London Life. With numerous exqui- 
 
 site little Designs by ALFRED CON- 
 
 CANEN and the late JOHN LEECH. 
 
 Small 4to, elegant, uniform with " Pun- 
 
 iana," 6s. 
 
 COUNTRY-HOUSE CHARADES, 
 
 for Acting. By Capt. E. C. NUGENT. 
 
 With Illustrations by W. R. SNOW. 
 
 Small 4to, green and gold, 6s. 
 * t * An entirely new book of Household Amuse- 
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 3fusic for accompaniment upon the Pianoforte. 
 
 " AN AWFULLY JOLLY BOOK FOR PARTIES." 
 
 3. PUN I AN A: \Thoughts Wise and Otherwise. Best 
 
 Book of Riddles and Puns ever formed. With nearly 100 exquisitely 
 
 fanciful Drawings. Contains nearly 3,000 of the best Biddies and 
 
 10.000 most outrageous Puns, and is one of the most Popular Books 
 
 ever issued. New Edition, uniform with the " Bab Ballads." Price 6.s. 
 
 Why did Du Chaillu get eo angry when he was chaffed about the Gorilla? Why ? 
 
 ice ak. 
 
 Why ii a chrysalis like a hot roll ? You will doubtless remark, " 'Because it's the 
 grub that makes the butter fy ! " But see " Puniana." 
 
 Why ia a wide-awake hat so called ? Because it never had a nap, and never wants 
 one. 
 
 The Saturday "Review says of this most amusing work : "Enormous burlesque 
 unapproachable and pre-eminent. We venture to think that this very queer 
 volume will bo a favourite. It deserves to be so ; and we should suggest that, 
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 be good policy to invest in the book, and dole it out by instalments." 
 
 NEW SOCIETY BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF "PUNIANA." 
 
 4. GAMOSAGAMMON ; 
 
 or, Advice to Parties 
 about to Connubialisc. 
 By the Hon. HUGH 
 ROWLEY. With nume- 
 rous exquisite and fan- 
 ciful designs from his 
 pencil. Small 4to, green 
 and gold, 6s. 
 
 *,* The Quaintest, Funniest:, 
 most Original Book published, 
 for a long time. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 7,, PICCADILLY, LONDON
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 PIERCE EGAN'S "FINISH" TO "LIFE IN AND OUT OF 
 
 LONDON." Royal 8vo, cloth extra, WITH SPIRITED COLOURED 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS BY CRUIKSHANK, 2is. 
 
 ** An extraordinary picture of " LONDON BY NIGHT" I'M the Days of George 
 the Fourth. AH the strange placet of Amtwrmrnt around Coeent Garden and in St. 
 James's are fully described, and very queer jilaci-s tin ;/ wrre too ! 
 
 LIFE IN LONDON ; or, The Day and Night Scenes of 
 
 Jerry HawtJiorn and Corinthian Tom. Crown 8vo. WITH THE 
 WHOLE OP CRUIKSHANK'S VERY DROLL ILLUSTRATIONS, IN 
 COLOURS, AFTER THE ORIGINALS. Cloth extra, 75. 6d. 
 
 Toir AND JF.KET TAKING A STEOLL. 
 
 ** One of the most popular books eoer ixmied. If ncas an immense fai-oiiritr trith 
 George IV., and as a picture of London life jiffy years ago trajt often quoted It/ 
 Thackeray, who decotes one of his " Soundabout Papers" to a description of it. Clean 
 Second-hand copies of this work always realize from i to 2. 
 
 VYNER'S NOTITIA VENA TIC A : A Treatise on Fox- 
 
 Hunting, tlie General Management of Hounds, and the Diseases of 
 Dogs ; Distemper and Rabies ; Kennel Lameness, $c. Sixth Edition, 
 Enlarged. By EGBERT C. VYNER, Esq., of Eathorpe Hall, War- 
 wickshire. Royal 8vo. WITH SPIRITED ILLUSTRATIONS IN 
 COLOURS, BY ALKEN, OF MEMORABLE FOX-HUNTING SCENES. 215. 
 
 *,* An Entirely New Edition of the lest work extant upon Fox-Hun/ iny. 
 "TOM SMITH." 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF THE LATE THOMAS ASSHETON 
 
 SMITH, Esq.; or, The Pursuits of an English Country Gentleman. 
 By SIR JOHN E. EARDLEY WILMOT, Bart. With Illustrations 
 COLOURED and PLAIN. New Edition, uniform with Nimrod's 
 " Chase, Turf, and Road." Price js. 6d. 
 
 FINE OLD HUNTING BOOKS, with Coloured PlatetT 
 
 MR. JORROCKS'S JAUNTS AND JOLLITIES. 
 LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF JACK MTTTON. 
 ANALYSIS OF THE HUNTING FIELD. 
 LIFE OF A SPORTSMAN. By NIMROD. 
 Apply to 3fr. Hotten DiBECT/or these books. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 AND . wTlwOTESQUE in 
 
 a,.... m. ..,. .- 
 CARICATURE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 assrSK 
 
 urface of the age ^*^^nK^t sentence is weak by 
 ^ra^S W^S'fr^K. which gives us Burke and Fo,. 
 
 ^I^rusing work ^^^^^^as'^^^^ 
 
 'It is emphatically one of the ^^/L^g at once amusing and edifying. 
 
 spffOTvSggaBssHSBSi w 
 
 S0 me 400 illustrations, of which a dozer mil F E ^ fine ^
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 A CLEVER AND BRILLIANT BOOK, 
 
 Companion to the " Son Gaultier Ballads " 
 
 PUCK ON PEGASUS. By 
 
 H. C HOLMONDELEY PfiNNELL. 
 
 In 4to, printed within an India-paper 
 tone, and elegantly bound, gilt, gilt 
 edges, price los. 6d. only. 
 ** This most amusing vork has already 
 passed through Fire Editions, receiving every- 
 ii-here the highest praise as " a clever and 
 brilliant book." To no other taork of the 
 present day hare so many distinguished Ar- 
 tists contributed Illustrations. To the designs 
 of GEOBGB CKUIKSHANK, JOHN LEECH 
 JULIAN POBTCH, "PHIZ," and other Artitts 
 Sir NOEL PATON, MILLAIS, JOHN TBNNIBL 
 
 ItlCHARD DOTLK, and II. ElLKN EDWARDS 
 have now contributed several exquifitc picture* 
 thus making the Neic Edition ichich is Twice 
 t -the Size of the old one, and contains irresis- 
 "^tibly funny pieces the best book for the 
 Drawing-room table noK published. 
 
 AUSTIN'S (Alfred}~ THE~ SEASON : A Satire. 
 
 Elegantly bound for the Drawing-room, $s. 
 
 *;* An entirely New Edition of this famous Work, it havinj been out of 
 print seven years. 
 
 SIGNBOARDS: Their History. With Anecdo tes of Famous 
 
 Taverns and Remarkable Characters. By JACOB LAKWOOD and 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN. "A book which will delight all." 
 Spectator. Fourth Edition, 580 pp., price 73. 6d. only. 
 
 Fromthe" 'Times." 
 
 " It is not fair 
 on the part of a 
 reviewer to pick 
 out the plutos 
 of an author's 
 book, thus nich- 
 ing away his 
 cream, and leav- 
 ing little but 
 skim - milk re- 
 maining ; but, 
 'ven if we were 
 ever KO mali- 
 ciously inclined, 
 
 From the" Times." 
 
 we could not in 
 the present in- 
 stance pick out 
 all Messrs. Lar- 
 wood and* Hot- 
 ten's pi urn, - 
 
 tiling.-; fir. 
 numerous as to 
 dciy the 
 wholesale i i 
 dation." 7.'. 
 cf three columns. 
 
 BULt AND MOUTH. 
 
 *** Nearly too mitt furious iUurlrafions on vood are given, showina rjt various 
 old ngns vhich were formerly hung from tai-erns and other houses. 
 
 ROMANCE OF THE ROD ; An Anecdotal History of &B 
 
 Pirch, in Ancient and Modern Times. With some quaint Illustra- 
 _ti 18 - Crown 8vo, handsomely printed. [In preparation. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 THTFAMOUS "D^wTSYiifAH"~THREE TOURS 
 
 One of the most amusing and Laughable Books ever published. 
 
 WITH THE WHOLE OF BOWLANDSON'S VERY DROLL FULL-PAGE 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS, IN COLOURS, AFTER THE ORIGINAL DRAWINGS. 
 Comprising the well-known TOURS 
 i In Search of the Picturesque. | 2. In Search of Consolation. 
 
 3. In Search of a Wife. 
 
 The Three Series Complete and Unabridged in One Handsome Volume 
 with a Life of this industrious Author-the English Le Sage now torst 
 written by JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN. This Edition contains the whole 
 of the original, hitherto sold for 31^., now published at-ys. 6d. only. 
 
 UNIFORM WITH "WONDERFUL CHARACTERS." 
 
 REMARKABLE TRIALS AND NOTORIOUS CHARACTERS. 
 
 From " Half -Hanged Smith," 1700, to Oxford who shot at tl 
 Queen 1840. By CAPTAIN L. BENSON. With spirited full-page 
 Engravings by PHIZ. 8vo, 550 pages, 75. 6d. 
 
 ! There are plots enough** 
 
 * A Complete Library , 
 
 / produce a hundred " excitinr, ' Novels, an 
 Magazine Stories. The bo^ tZ7. be awreciafe 
 direction. Phiz's pictures 
 
 A Keepsake for Smokers. 
 
 "THE SMOKER'S TEXT-BOOK." By J. 
 
 Exquisitely printed from " silver- 
 
 faced " type, cloth, very neat, gilt 
 
 edges, 2S. 6d., post free. 
 "A pipe is a great comforter, a pleasant 
 soother The man who smokes, thinks 
 like a sage, and acts like a Samaritan. 
 
 ~~" A tiny volume, dedicated to the vota- 
 ries of the weed; beautifully printed on 
 toned paper, in, we believe, the P^llest 
 type ever made (cast especially for show 
 at the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park), 
 but very clear, notwithstanding its mi- 
 nuteness The pages sing, in various 
 
 8t\les, the praises of tobacco. Amongst 
 the ^ters laid under contribution are 
 Bulwer, Kingsley, Charles Lamb Thack- 
 eray, Isaac Browne, Cowper, and Byron. 
 The Field. 
 
 I.S.L. 
 
 THE TRUE CONSOLER. 
 
 HZ who doth not "moke hth '^f 
 toawn no grt friefa. of rrfnl!i 
 hinucU lh loftt eon-oUtion. < 
 Jh.twhichcoamfnmih~T.il "Wht 
 motift thn wonMn?" -whlspeM th* 3 
 
 the. ,. r 
 
 BCLWEE'S Wh>t wilh do with H? 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 ORIGINAL EDITION OF BLAKE'S WORKS. 
 
 NOTICE. Mr. HOTTEN has prepared a few Facsimile Copies (exact 
 as to paper and printing tlte vatcr-colour drawings being filled in by an 
 artist} of the ORIGINAL EDITION OF BLAKE'S "MARRIAGE OF HEAVEN 
 AND HELL." 4to, price 30$., half morocco. 
 
 " Blake is a real name, I assure you, and a most extraordinary man he is. if 
 he still be living. He is the Blake whose wild designs accompany a splendid 
 edition of ' Blair's Grnve.' Ho paints in wn tor- colours marvellous strange pic- 
 turesvisions of his brain which he asserts he has seen. They have great 
 merit. I must look upon him as one of the most extraordinary persons of the 
 age." CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 EMERSON. The Uncollected Writings, Essays, and 
 
 Lectures of RALPH WALDO EMEKSON. With Introductory Preface 
 by MONCURE CONWAT. 2vols.,8vo. By Arrangement with Mr.'EuEBSoir. 
 
 .INFELIGIA. Poems by Adah Isaacs Menken. With 
 
 NUMEROUS GRACEFUL DESIGNS ON WOOD. Dedicated, by per- 
 mission, to CHARLES DICKENS, with Photographic Facsimile of his 
 Letter, and a Portrait of the Authoress. In green and gold, ss. 6d. 
 
 "A pathetic little 
 volume exquisitely 
 got up." Sun. 
 
 " Few, if any, 
 could have guessed 
 the power .. and 
 beauty of the 
 thoughts that pos- 
 sessed her soul, and 
 found expression in 
 language at once 
 pure and melodi- 
 ous." Press. 
 
 " There is a pas- 
 sionate richness 
 about many of the 
 poems which is al- 
 most startling." 
 Sunday Timei. 
 
 " AVhat can we 
 say of this gifted 
 and wayward wo- 
 man, the existence 
 
 of whose better 
 nature will !>e sug- 
 gested for the first 
 time to many by the 
 posthumous disclo- 
 sure of this book ? 
 We do not envy the 
 man who, reading 
 it, has only a sneer 
 for its writer ; nor 
 the woman who finds 
 it in her heart to 
 turn awBvwith aver- 
 ted face.'' New York 
 Round Table. 
 
 "An amusing lit- 
 tle book, unhappily 
 posthumous, which 
 a distinguished wo- 
 man has left as a 
 legacy to^ mankind 
 arid the age." Sa- 
 turday Review. 
 
 Fcap. 8vo, 450 pages, with fine Portrait and Autograph, js. 6d 
 
 WALT WHITMAN'S POEMS. (Leaves of Grass, Drum- 
 
 Taps, fyc.) Selected and Edited by WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI. 
 
 " Whitman is a poet who bears and needs to be read as a whole, and then tho 
 
 volume and torrent of his power carry the -disfigurements along with it and 
 
 away. He is really a fine fellow." Chamber*'* Journal, in a very long notice. 
 
 THE EARTHWARD PILGRIMAGE'. "B^MONCURE CONWAY. 
 
 Cr. 8vo, 400 pages, cloth, neat, js. 6d. 
 
 ** Thi volume ha* excited considerable ditcunon,'a it advancet many entirely 
 Hew view* vpon the life hereafter. The. title* to tome of the chapter* Kill convey an 
 idea, of the contentt of the icork: " Ho I left the world to come for that tchich it." 
 
 JOHN CAMDBN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADLLLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 ME. SWINBURNE'S ESSAY. 
 
 *** "4 wonderful literary performance." "Splendour of style and 
 majestic beauty of diction never surpassed." 
 
 WILLIAM BLAKE: A Critical Essay. With facsimile 
 
 Paintings, Coloured by Hand, from the Original Drawings painted 
 by Blake and his Wife. Thick 8vo, pp. 350, i6s. 
 
 " An extraordi- 
 nary work : violent, 
 extravagant, per- 
 verse, calculated to 
 startle, to shock, 
 and to alarm many ' 
 readers, butabound- r 
 ing in beauty, and 
 characterized by in- r ~" 
 tellectual grasp. 
 . . . His power 
 of word-painting is 
 often truly wonder- 
 ful sometimes, it 
 must be admitted, in 
 excess, but always 
 full of matter, form, 
 and colour, and 
 
 instinct with a sense 
 of vitality." Daily 
 Fens, Feb. 12, 1868. 
 "It is in every 
 way worthy of Mr. 
 Swinburne's high 
 fame. In no prose 
 work can be found 
 passages of keener 
 poetry, or more 
 finished grace, or 
 more impressive 
 harmony. Strong, 
 vigorous, and mu- 
 sical, the stylo 
 sweeps on like a 
 river." The Sunday 
 Tlmet, Jan. 12, 1868. 
 
 MR. SWINBURNE'S SONG OF ITALY. Fcap. 8vo, toned 
 
 paper, cloth, price 33. 6d. 
 
 ** The Athenaeum remarks of this poem " Seldom has such a chant been 
 heard, so full of glow, strength, and colour." 
 
 MR. SWINBURNE'S POEMS AND BALLADS. FOURTH 
 
 EDITION. Price 95. 
 
 MR. SWINBURNE'S NOTES ON HIS POEMS, and on the 
 
 Reviews which liave appeared upon them. Price is. 
 
 MR. SWINBURNE'S ATALANTA IN CALYDON. New Edi- 
 
 tion. Fcap. 8vo, price 6s. 
 
 MR. SWINBURNE'S CHASTELARD. A Tragedy. New 
 
 Edition. Price 75. 
 
 MR. SWINBURNE'S QUEEN MOTHER AND ROSAMOND. 
 
 New Edition. Fcap. 8vo, price 53. 
 
 AftfT SWM BYRNE'S BOTH WELL A New PoemT 
 
 [In preparation 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 * <: * Mr. HOTTEN is enabled to afford most material and im~ 
 pnrtant assistance to all interested in Genealogical Ln^'' 
 difficult Pedigree Researches, or in the compilation of Family 
 Histories. He has the following 
 
 FAMILY HISTORIES FOR SALE :- 
 
 FORSTER and FOSTER FAMILIES. 4to. Illustrations, 315. 6d. 
 BAIRD FAMILY. Royal 8vo. Facsimiles. IDS. 6d. 
 CHICHESTER and RALEIGH FAMILIES. 4to. Illustrations, 2is. ; 
 
 with Arms emblazoned, 318. 6cL 
 
 MILLAIS FAMILY. With Etchings by MiUais. 28s. 
 WASHINGTON FAMILY. Preparing. 
 COLE FAMILY. 
 
 STUART FAMILY. 8vo, half morocco. 8s. 6d. 
 CHICHELE FAMILY. (Contains Pedigrees of many other Families.) 
 
 4to. 175. 6d. 
 
 ROLL OFCAERLAVEROCK, with the Arms of the Knights 
 
 and others present at the Siege of the Castle in Scotland, A.D. 1300. 
 Emblazoned in Gold and Colours, 4to, 123. 
 
 MAGNA CHARTA. EXACT FACSIMILE of the Original Docu- 
 ment in -the British Museum. With ARMS AND SEALS OF THE 
 BARONS EMBLAZONED IN GOLD AND COLOURS. A.D. 1215. 55. 
 
 ** Copied by express permission, and the only correct drawing of the Great ( 
 ever taken. A full translation, with notes, price 6d. The Charter framed and 
 ylazed in carved oak, 22*. 6d. 
 
 ROLL OF BATTLE ABBEY: A List of the Normans who 
 
 came over with William the Conqueror, and .<7//><7 //; /7's r, 
 
 A.D. 1066-67. WITH ARMS OF THE BARONS EMBLAZONED IN GOLD 
 
 AND COLOURS. Price 55. 
 
 ** A most curious document, and of Hie greatest interest to all oflTorman descent. 
 Framed and glazed in carved oak, 22*. 6d 
 
 WARRANT TO EXECUTE CHARLES I. Exact Facsimile, 
 
 with the 59 Signatures of Regicides, and Seals. Price 2s. ; by post, 
 
 2S. 4''. 
 
 ** Very curious, and copied by express permission. In carted oak and glazed, 
 14*. 6d. 
 
 WARRANT TO EXECUTE MARY QUEEN oTsCOTS. Exact 
 
 Facsimile, with Signature of Queen Elizabeth, and Great Seal of 
 England. Price 2s. ; by post, as. 4<J. 
 
 %* Very cariotu, and copied by express permission. In 'carted oak and glazed, 
 I4. 6*. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON
 
 MR. HOTTEN'S NEW BOOKS OF HUMOUR. 
 
 " The Public are indebted to Mr. Hotten for the BEST 
 collection O/HUMOROUS WORKS in the English language; 
 and living as ive do in the midst of sufferings, anxieties, 
 and serious occupations, which tend to produce solemn 
 rather than light, blithesome thoughts, the public ought 
 to be, and are, very much indebted to him." TABLET, 
 May 20, 1871. 
 
 (JDjmpanicnt to " ICitek ot ^lorn-ing nmp." 
 STORIES of the SIERRAS; and other Shetches. 
 
 By BRET HARTE. With a Wild Story of Western Life by JOAQUIN 
 
 MILLEE, Author of ' Songs of the Sierras." is., paper ; zs. 6d., cloth. 
 
 *,* This work and " Luck of Roaring Camp" give the whole of the exquisite sketches 
 
 (he author has written. They form the most complete collection published here or in America. 
 
 " SHAVING THEM ;" Aduen- 
 
 tures of 3 Yankees on the Continent of 
 Europe. By TITUS A. BRICK, ESQ. 
 is., paper ; 2S. 6d., cloth. 
 *** A most enjoyable look. The wit and impiidenee 
 
 of these free-and-easy tourists will take the starch out 
 
 of the sternest flritisher. 
 
 PRACTICAL JOKES ; or, 
 
 Mirth with Artemus Ward, and Other 
 Papers. By MARK TWAIN, is., paper; 
 as. 6d., cloth. 
 
 ** Readers of genial Artemis Ward's books will here find some delightful reninis- 
 ctnces of " OKMCIOUS AKTKMOS," as Charles Reade, the nr/velist, teas wont to call the 
 popular humourist. The connection of two such names as MARK TWAIN and ABTEHUS 
 WARD will indicate to the reader the pleasant feast in store for him. 
 
 'COUNTRY OF THE DWARFS (The). By PAUL 
 
 DD" CHAILLU. New book of hair-breadth escapes. Reveals a new- 
 world to the reader, is., paper ; 3$. 6d., cloth; full-page illustrations. 
 Full of Astounding Adventures. 
 
 New and Powerful Romance in the Style of Sir 
 
 Walter Scott's Famous Novels. 
 
 MARY HOLLIS: a Romance of the Days of 
 
 Charles II. and William Prince of Orange. This day, at all Libraries, 
 price ji us. 6d. 
 
 *,* Headers who care for something entirely different from the ordinary run of novels will 
 nnt be disappointed with this work. 
 
 Prose Story of " The Sells," at Lyceum. 
 POLISH JEW (The). From the French of MM. 
 
 ERCKMANN-CHATMAN. Dramatisations of this story more romantic 
 and stirring than any of the authors' previous works are being nightly 
 j/erformed at Lyceum and other theatres. Price is., by post is. zd. 
 
 JOHN CAMDEN HOTTBN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 UCSB 
 
 ,-y-5/a^/ 
 
 Very Important New Books. 
 
 Hotten's "Golden Library" 
 
 OF THE BEST AUTHORS. 
 
 * A charming collection of Standard and Favourite Worte, elegantly 
 printed in Handy Volumes, uniform with the Tauchmtz SSenes, and pub- 
 lished at exceedingly low prices. The Now Volumes are .- 
 
 ROCHEFOUCAULD. Reflections and Moral Maxims, is.-, 
 
 cloth, is. 6d. Essay by SAINTE-BEUVE. 
 
 SHELLEY - Poetical Worhs. From the Author's 
 
 Original Editions. First Series, QUEEN MAB 
 and EARLT POEMS, is. 8d. ; in cloth, as. 2,:. 
 
 HOLMES. Autocrat of the Breahfast Table. 
 
 is. ; cloth, is. 6<L _ 
 
 THE CLERGY. - The Booh of Clerical Anecdotes and 
 
 Pulpit Eccentricities, is. 41! ; cloth, is. iocl. 
 
 The Essays 'of Elia. Complete. 
 
 Both Series, is. ; cloth, is. 6rt. _ 
 
 life. By the Author of the " Life of 
 
 Thackeray." as. 
 
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 Topics. 2s. 
 " His Speeches arc as good as any of hi 3 printed writings."- 
 
 ARTEMUSWARD.ln London; with the " PUNCH " 
 
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 DlSRAin^sTGL^DSTOW'S^AND BRIGHT'S SPEECHES 
 
 in separate vols., at is. 41*. ; cloth, is. tod. 
 Compri** all the Imj^or^Spee^ofth^SM^fn duriny the pint 25 yea". 
 
 CAKLYLC. " On tne Choice of Boohs, is. ; cl. is.6d. 
 
 Should i read and re-retidbywry young man in the three kingdomi. 
 
 ^Professor at the Breahfast Table. 
 
 is. ; cloth, is. 6d. 
 
 _ 
 
 jJJGJTHUNT. - '-Tale ~for~a Chimney Corner, and 
 
 other Essays, is. 4<2. ; cloth, is. loti. 
 
 Whims and Oddities. 80 Illustra- 
 
 tions. 2 Series, Complete, is. ; cloth, is. 6d. 
 
 rr/inj/7)~ Hans Breitmann's Ballads, Com- 
 
 ft. JL L, ft I */ 11.1 / 7 
 
 plete. is. ; cloth, is. oct. 
 " JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 AND 75, PICCADILLY, LONDON.
 
 A 000844571