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 J9SO
 
 SOHO AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS.
 
 SOHO 
 
 AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS, 
 
 Historical, Literary, & Artistic. 
 
 EDITED FROM THE MSS. 
 OF THE LATE 
 
 E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., F.S.A., 
 
 BY 
 
 GEORGE CLINCH. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 DULAU & CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. 
 1895.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THE project of writing a History of Soho was long con- 
 templated by the late Dr. Rimbault, and the collecting of 
 materials for the purpose occupied his attention for some 
 years. Those materials, largely consisting of rough notes 
 gathered from a variety of sources, which form the bulk 
 of the present volume, it has been the editor's somewhat 
 difficult task to prepare for publication ; and he takes this 
 opportunity of offering his sincerest thanks to those 
 friends who have rendered him assistance in the work. 
 
 G. C. 
 
 ADDISCOMBE, SURRET, 
 May, 1895. 
 
 2055804
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 A 'gas's map of London Early condition of the Soho Fields The village 
 of St. Giles Increase of population and new buildings Proclama- 
 tions prohibiting the erection of new buildings Origin and meaning 
 of the name ' Soho' Hare-hunting and Fox-hunting at Soho Early 
 references to Soho . . . . . . . . i 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 The Sobo Fields granted to the Earl of St. Albans, to the Duke of 
 Monmouth, and to the Earl of Portland Old f eld-names of Soho 
 King's Square Gregory King The creation of the Parish of St. 
 Anne, Soho Boundary of the Parish Celebrated Houses in the 
 Square Monmouth House, Carlisle House (Carlisle Street), 
 Carlisle House (Soho Square), The White House, Alderman Beck- 
 ford's House, R. Payne Knight's House, Sir Joseph Banks' s House, 
 Lord Berkeley's House, Sir John Newton's House, Sir John Cope's 
 House, General Oglethorpe i s House, Falconberg House, Lord 
 Macclesfield's House II 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 MRS. CORNELYS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 The origin of Mrs. Cornelys Her frst visit to England She rents 
 Carlisle House and commences her series of masquerades, ffr. She 
 is fined fifty pounds Her influence decays She dies in the Fleet 
 Prison . .' 41
 
 viii CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 PAGI 
 
 The Streets of Soho in Alphabetical Order, and their Celebrated In- 
 habitants 6 4- 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 St. Anne's Church St. Mary's Church St. Patrick's French and 
 
 other Foreign Churches 141 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, PLACES OF AMUSEMENT, ETC. 
 
 Hospitals Aldridge's Repository St. Anne's Schools Soho Bazaar 
 Soho Academy The Dean Street Music Room The Palace 
 Theatre The Royalty Theatre The Empire Theatre Punch's 
 Theatre The Sans Souci Theatre Old Taverns: The Blue 
 Posts, The Feathers, The Genoa Arms, The Hercules' Pillars, The 
 Intrepid Fox, Jack's Coffee House, The Palatine's Head, The 
 Rose and Crown, The Turk's Head, The Two Chairmen . .176 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 
 Foreigners in Soho The Watch Interesting Advertisements, &c. . 200 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 Index of Persons commemorated on the Monuments, Tablets, and Head- 
 stones in the Church and Churchyard of St. Anne, Soho . .209 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Parish af St. Anne, Westminster, Evening Patrol [\J9\~\ . . .217 
 
 INDEX " . . . . . .227
 
 SOHO AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 Agass map of London Early condition of the Soho Fields 
 'The village of St. Giles Increase of population and new 
 buildings Proclamations -prohibiting the erection of new 
 buildings Origin and meaning of the name 'Soho' 
 Hare-hunting and Fox-hunting at Soho Early references 
 to Soho. 
 
 THE map of London made by Ralph Agas is well known as 
 one of the most valuable and reliable sources of infor- 
 mation regarding the condition of London and its immediate environs 
 in the last decade of the sixteenth century, and fortunately, for our 
 purpose, it extends far enough in a westward direction to include 
 the area now occupied by Soho. The whole district is therein 
 shown to be absolutely devoid of buildings of any kind. Fields of 
 pasture, in which cattle are quietly grazing, are intersected by roads 
 with hedges and occasional trees on either hand. In one of the 
 fields, at a point now represented by St. Anne's Church, a woman 
 is represented in the act of spreading linen upon the grass to dry in 
 the sun, and her wash-tub stands conveniently near. The drawing 
 of this woman, and of the various objects represented around her, 
 is in an absurdly disproportionate scale, and they must not be taken 
 
 B
 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 as an actual picture of what existed here at the period when the 
 map was drawn. It is extremely probable that they were thrown 
 into the map as artistic accessories. Yet they are sufficient 
 to show that all this district three centuries since was thoroughly 
 rural ; its meadows and lanes were such as one would now find in 
 the most remote districts of Middlesex ; and the country all around, 
 save for the little villages of St. Giles and St. Martin, was entirely 
 innocent of bricks and mortar. 
 
 What is now Oxford Street is marked on Agas's map by a 
 thoroughfare called ' The Waye to Vxbridge.' The 'whole length 
 of Great St. Andrew Street, Little St. Andrew Street, and St. 
 Martin's Lane were then represented, not by lines of adjoining 
 houses, but by a curving lane, bounded by hedges and trees, and 
 without a single house in it, save at its southern end, in the vicinity 
 of St. Martin's Church. A road crossing the spot which is now 
 Soho Square from east to west, and thence leading in the direction 
 of Piccadilly Circus, is marked on the map ' The Way to Redinge.' 
 As far as one can judge from the imperfect details of the map, 
 this ancient road seems to have traversed pretty much the same 
 ground as that which at the present time is occupied by Shaftesbury 
 Avenue, except that the new is probably somewhat to the south 
 of the ancient road. 
 
 It is not easy in all cases to identify the paths crossing the 
 meadows and open spaces with any of our existing thoroughfares, 
 but, as they do not appear to have been protected by hedges, it 
 is extremely probable that they were merely temporary tracks made 
 from time to time to suit the convenience of passengers from point 
 to point as occasion required. 
 
 The village of St. Giles, which commenced at Drury Lane, 
 was principally confined to a cluster of buildings forming the north 
 side of Broad Street; a few other houses stood within the precincts 
 of the church and hospital, which are shown as being partly 
 inclosed and surrounded by trees. Beyond the church, both to
 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 the north and west, all was open country, and even the main 
 roads out of London are distinguished only by avenues of trees. 
 Drury Lane at that time had no houses save at each end, and 
 between it and the Soho Fields were broad open spaces of meadow 
 traversed by footpaths, now occupied by the populous neighbour- 
 hoods which lie around Long Acre and the Seven Dials. South 
 of Long Acre was the walled-in Convent Garden or Covent 
 Garden, as it is now called a space extending from St. Martin's 
 Lane to Drury Lane, and from the gardens in the Strand towards 
 the present Long Acre. Within these ample bounds were a 
 number of trees and only three or four buildings. 
 
 Nearly the whole of the Strand was a continuous street, largely 
 made up of spacious mansions and their appropriate offices, the 
 residences of noblemen and prelates. Those on the south side 
 had all large gardens attached to them, extending down to the 
 Thames, and have mostly given names to the streets which have 
 been built on their sites. The Spring Gardens were literally 
 gardens, partly planted with trees, reaching as far as the present 
 Admiralty ; and further on, towards the Treasury, were the 
 tilt-yard and cock-pit, with a square sheet of water behind the 
 former, on the site of the parade. In St. James's Park were deer ; 
 and beyond the north wall stood a few houses about the middle of 
 Pall Mall. Between Whitehall and New Palace Yard, along King 
 Street, and in the vicinity of St. Margaret's Church and Westminster 
 Abbey, the buildings were thickly clustered, and both the fountain 
 and the Bell Tower are represented in front of Westminster Hall. 
 Beyond the Palace gate, to the right of the present Abingdon 
 Street, were a few buildings, which terminate the plan in this 
 direction. 
 
 Such were the characteristics of the districts around Soho Fields 
 during the latter part of Queen Elizabeth's reign ; but even at 
 that period, the rate at which London was increasing caused a 
 feeling of alarm. At three different periods, viz., 1582, 1593, and
 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 1602, proclamations were issued to prohibit building under severe 
 penalties, on the plea of its being wickedly presumptuous as 
 restraining agriculture, and, above all, engendering pestilence. 
 
 In spite of the authority of the Crown, and these restrictions, 
 founded on utterly mistaken grounds, and aided by the orders of the 
 City authorities, the suburbs were greatly extended before the end of 
 Elizabeth's reign, and many of the large mansions of the nobility 
 and others within the City itself, which now began to be deserted 
 for the more courtly air of Westminster, were separated into divers 
 tenements, or pulled down to make way for new streets. Population 
 increased rapidly, not only by means of a higher birth-rate, but 
 also by the great influx of foreigners at this period, attracted and 
 encouraged by the wise policy of Elizabeth. 
 
 In the year 1580, the foreigners resident in London were found 
 by computation to be 6462: of these, 2302 were Dutch; 1838 
 French; 116 Italian; 1542 English born of foreign parents; and 664 
 of countries not specified. This return showed an increase of 3762 
 persons (foreigners) within the space of thirteen years, and many of 
 them had fled from different parts of France after the fatal vespers 
 of St. Bartholomew. 
 
 In the beginning of the reign of James I., the meadows 
 extending from St. Giles's to Chancery Lane were rapidly being 
 covered with buildings. In 1606, Great Queen Street was com- 
 menced, and Drury Lane, which had hitherto been a country lane 
 or road leading to the Strand, was built on the east side, so that, by 
 an assessment made in 1623, the whole number of houses rated 
 amounted to 897, and upwards of twenty courts, yards, and alleys 
 are mentioned by name. 
 
 Proclamation followed proclamation, prohibiting under penalties 
 the erection of new buildings, but in spite of these restraints the 
 metropolis continued to increase. The delinquents were prosecuted 
 and fined, but building speculations were continued, until it became 
 necessary, in consequence of the rapid decay of wooden structures
 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 and the vast consumption of timber, to order that in future the 
 outer walls, forefronts, and windows of all edifices should be built 
 of either brick or stone. 
 
 During the first years of Charles I., building was carried on 
 with spirit; but the disastrous wars which followed produced a 
 total suspension until the Commonwealth was established, when it 
 was again checked by a Parliamentary ordinance. 
 
 In the ichnographical delineation of the English metropolis 
 surveyed by Richard Newcourt between 1643 and 1647, and 
 engraved by William Faithorne in 1658, the Soho Fields are shown 
 as still open country ; as also are the St. Giles's Fields. Pall Mall 
 is represented as a pleasant walk, shaded by double rows of trees 
 on the north side, and with Berkshire House facing St. James's 
 Palace. Tart Hall, at the south-west angle of the park, and the 
 Gaming House at the top of the Haymarket, are also represented. 
 A windmill marks the site and origin of the name of the present 
 Windmill Street, north and west of which was still open country. 
 
 The Haymarket and its neighbourhood were only partially built 
 on, and that in a very indifferent manner, so late as the reign of 
 Charles II. Colonel Thomas Panton, from whom Panton Street, 
 on this spot, received its name, was one of the first builders who 
 began to cover the site with regular, handsome houses, and other- 
 wise to improve it. In the petition of this gentleman, presented 
 to the Privy Council soon after the Fire of London, c relative to the 
 plot of ground near the Haymarket, called Panton-square,' several 
 curious particulars are stated illustrative of the topographical history 
 of that and the adjoining neighbourhood. 
 
 In this petition it is set forth 
 
 ' that the petitioner had been at great charge in purchasing a parcell of 
 ground lying at Pickadilly, part of it being the two bowling-greens fronting 
 the Haymarket ; the other part lying on the north of the Tennis Court ; 
 upon which severall old houses were standing, which the petitioner de- 
 molished to improve the same and make the place more uniforme : in
 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 reference to which he had set out the ground, laid several! foundations, and 
 built part thereof before his Majesty's Proclamation as to building was 
 issued, and praying permission that he might proceed in his said intended 
 building, according to the draught delivered to his Majesty's Surveyor 
 Generall.' 
 
 The matter of this petition being submitted to the King's 
 Surveyor-General, who was to examine and inquire whether 
 (should the request be granted) 'the buildings would cure the 
 noysomeness of the place, and how the ditches and sewers could be 
 kept sweet, and to report thereon,' he, on the 24th of May, 1674, 
 returned for answer, ' that, having reviewed the said place, he found 
 the petitioner's assertions, as far as he could judge, to be true, and 
 that the design of building shown to him might be very useful to 
 the publique, especially by opening a new street from the Hay- 
 market into Leicester-fields, which would in some measure ease the 
 great passage of the Strand, and would cure the noysomeness of that 
 part, and he presumed might not be unfit for his Majesty's 
 licence, provided the said Thomas Panton built regularly, according 
 to direction, and according to a design to which his said licence 
 might refer ; and that he be obliged to build with brick, with party- 
 walls, with sufficient scantlings, good paving in the streets, and 
 sufficient sewers and conveyances for the water, and other good and 
 reasonable recommendations. 5 
 
 Having, in consequence of this report, obtained the royal 
 permission to proceed with his buildings here, Colonel Panton, in 
 a subsequent petition, craved leave c to build and finish certain 
 houses, in continuation of a certain street, named Windmill-street, 
 from the upper end of the Haymarket to the highway leading from 
 Soho to Ayre-street and Paddington; on the east corner towards 
 the Haymarket, about one hundred foot in front ; also on the same 
 side, about two hundred foot in front, opposite Windmill-yard, 
 towards St. Giles's on the west side of Windmill-street, in the two 
 bowling-greens between the Haymarket and Leicester-fields, and to
 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 build " a faire street of good buildings between the Haymarket and 
 Hedge-lane [marked in the MS. to be called Panton-street, after the 
 proprietor], and other faire buildings fronting the Haymarket, upon 
 the said ground." ' All of which improvements the Colonel had 
 leave to complete, upon condition of building as before directed, and 
 allowing of no brew-houses, melting-houses, or other noisome 
 trades. 
 
 Another eminent land proprietor, Sir Richard Stydolfe, an in- 
 habitant and owner of large estates in St. Giles's parish, presented 
 his petition about the same time, praying ' that certain buildings 
 erected by him in the rear of St. Giles's Church, leading 
 thence to Piccadilly, built contrary, but prior to his Majesty's 
 Proclamation, might be finished/ who likewise obtained his request 
 on similar conditions with Colonel Panton; and the Surveyor- 
 General himself (Sir Christopher Wren), by way of furthering these 
 improvements, also petitioned the King and Council as to 
 
 ' divers buildings lately erected, and many foundations laid, and more 
 contrived in Dog's Fields, Windmill Fields, and the fields adjoining to Soe 
 Hoe, and several other places without the suburbs of London and West- 
 minster, the builders thereof having no grant nor allowance from the King, 
 and which had therefore been prohibited and hindered by the petitioner as 
 far as he could. But that, notwithstanding, they proceeded to erect small 
 and mean habitations, which would prove only receptacles for the poorer 
 sorts and offensive trades, to the annoyance of the better inhabitants, the 
 damage of the parishes (already too much burdened with poor), the 
 rendering the government of these places more unmanageable, the great 
 hindrance of perfecting the city buildings, and others allowed by his 
 Majesty ; the choaking up the air of his Majesty's Palace and Park, and the 
 houses of Nobility ; the infecting or total loss of the waters, which, by 
 many expenceful drains and conduits, formerly derived from these fields to 
 the Palace of Whitehall and to the Mewes ; a manifest decay of which 
 water, on complaint of his Majesty's serjeant-plumber and Office of Works, 
 he, the petitioner, by frequent views and experiments had found.' 
 
 It is to this petition, so replete with foresight and good sense, and
 
 SOHO FIELDS. 
 
 the check it gave to this sort of buildings, that the public now owe 
 the healthy district of Soho and its neighbourhood. Amongst other 
 curious statements in the first of these petitions, that respecting the 
 noisomeness of the ditches about the Haymarket appears particularly 
 striking, seeing, as we now do, open, airy streets, covered with fine 
 buildings. This sort of nuisance, however, it seems was common 
 to various other places in the suburbs near this time, and partly 
 existed in the metropolis itself a proof how much we have 
 advanced, amongst other things, beyond our ancestors in the matter 
 of cleanliness. 
 
 The author of Reflections on the Bills of Mortality, 1665, in 
 stating one supposed cause of the Plague, acquaints us with the state 
 of the metropolis at that time and its defects ' that it was increased 
 by turning Noblemen's houses there to tenements, as the Lord of 
 Winchester's, Alderman Freeman's, and Le Mot ; the Earl of 
 Arundell's, the Bishop of London's Palace, and the Dean of Pauls, 
 the Lord Rivers's, and Dukes Place.' The increase, however, he 
 goes on to notice, was removing ' into more open and free air ; and 
 the trade from the dirty and narrow places in Canning-street and 
 Watling-street to Paul's, Ludgate, and Fleet-street; from Bishops- 
 gate and Fenchurch-street to the Strand thus avoiding those places 
 that were crammed with old and dark houses, and building more 
 new and lightsome ones, near and nearer to Whitehall, in a more 
 convenient and healthful air.' 
 
 These removals from the heart of the city, near to Whitehall, 
 account for the 'diverse buildings lately erected, and many 
 foundations laid and contrived, in Dog's Fields, Windmill 
 Fields, the fields adjoining Soho,' &c., stated in Sir Christopher's 
 petition. They also acquaint us with the fact that the building 
 over the entire district commenced shortly before the Fire of 
 London. Such, as far as we can ascertain, was the original con- 
 dition of the Soho district before the surface of the ground was 
 covered with houses and roads.
 
 SO HO FIELDS. 
 
 With regard to the origin and meaning of the name c Soho,' it 
 seems there is a current tradition mentioned in some of the topo- 
 graphical works relating to this locality, that the name of Soho 
 was given to the newly built square in which the Duke of 
 Monmouth had his residence in honour of the watch-word used 
 at the Battle of Sedgemoor. That battle, however, was not fought 
 until the year 1685, whilst from entries in the rate-books of the 
 parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, it is clear that this locality was 
 called the Soho or Sohoe Fields at a much earlier date. It is 
 therefore extremely probable that the pass-word at Sedgemoor was 
 taken from the name of the district round about the Duke of 
 Monmouth's residence. 
 
 One writer on this district has attempted to explain the origin 
 of the name by supposing that Soho was derived from Soe Hoe, 
 two words indicating ' South Hill.' How the district of Soho can be 
 considered in any sense a south hill is somewhat problematical. 
 Another equally fanciful explanation was that, as the word ' soho ' 
 is in some instances considered to be a command to stop, so this 
 district of Soho, in which buildings increased at such a rate as to 
 call forth more than one royal proclamation forbidding the erection 
 of more houses, was so named to indicate that the builders must 
 hold their hands in this neighbourhood. 
 
 ' So-ho ' was, and still is, one of many hunting cries, and it 
 is probably of extreme antiquity. We have an instance of its use 
 in the early part of the fourteenth century, in the seal of an 
 old Yorkshire family named Denby. The device is a hare 
 sitting astride on a hound and blowing a trumpet, with the word 
 * Sohou.' 
 
 In his valuable Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, 
 Mr. Halliwell Phillips has given some exceedingly interesting 
 examples of the use of So-ho as a cry in hunting when the 
 hare is found. Thus, in Promptorium Paruulorum, we have, 
 ' Sohoe, the hare ys fownde boema, lepus e$t inventus.' The
 
 SO HO FIELDS. 
 
 word is also used in hawking: 'A so-hoe to make a hawk stoop' 
 to the lure.' Howell. 
 
 ( When they loken toward me, 
 
 I loke asyde, I lurke fulle lowe ; 
 The furst man that me may see, 
 Anon he cryes, so-howe, so-howe !' 
 
 MS. Cantab., Ff. v. 48, /. 109. 
 
 The district all around what is now Soho was much used for 
 hunting, and we know that hare-hunting and fox-hunting formed 
 a part of the amusements associated with the periodical in- 
 spection of the conduits at Tyburn by the Lord Mayor and 
 aldermen. The names of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and St. Martin- 
 in-the-Fields are suggestive of more or less open ground in this- 
 neighbourhood before it was occupied by buildings, and it is not 
 improbable that Soho may have received its name from the cry of 
 the sportsmen who loved to hunt with hawk or hound in these 
 suburbs of the metropolis. It has been suggested that there may have 
 been a noted pack of hounds kept within the limits of the district 
 now known as Soho. 
 
 There are numerous other early instances of the name Soho as 
 applied to this locality. Thus, in 1634, it is mentioned in one of 
 the State Papers as c Sohowe,' and it is referred to in the Royal 
 Composition Papers in the Record Office, under the date of 1645,. 
 as 4 a certain place called Soehoe, in St. Martin's in the fields.' It 
 is mentioned in the register of burials at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, 
 in 1660, as ' Soeho.' 4 The Fields about So-Hoe ' are mentioned in a. 
 proclamation, dated 1671, prohibiting the further erecting of small 
 habitations and cottages in the fields called the Windmill Fields, 
 Dog's Fields, and the fields adjoining to ' So-Hoe,' which buildings, 
 it is said, 'choak up the air of his Majesty's palaces and parks, and 
 endanger the total loss of the waters which, by expensive conduits, 
 &c., are conveyed from those fields to his Majesty's Palace at 
 Whitehall.'
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 L'iff Soho Fields granted to the Earl of St. Albans, to the 
 Duke of Monmouth, and to the Earl of Portland Old 
 field-names of Soho Kings Square Gregory King The 
 creation of the Parish of St. Anne, Soho Boundary of the 
 Parish Celebrated Houses in the Square Monmouth 
 House, Carlisle House (Carlisle Street), Carlisle House 
 (Soho Square), The White House, Alderman Beckfords 
 House ', R. Payne Knight's House, Sir Joseph Banks' 's 
 House, Lord Berkeley's House, Sir John Newton's House, 
 Sir John Cope's House, General Oglethorpe's House, Fal- 
 conberg House, Lord Macclesfield's House. 
 
 SOHO and certain adjoining fields, south of the present Oxford 
 Street, were, in 1672, granted by the trustees of Henrietta 
 Maria to Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans. These were trans- 
 ferred by Charles II. to the Duke of Monmouth ; again by 
 James II., after the Duke's attainder, to his Duchess ; and by 
 William III. to William Bentinck, Earl of Portland, and his heirs 
 for ever. 
 
 The grant to the Earl of Portland includes 
 
 'all those pieces or parcels of land situate, lying, and being in or near the 
 parish of St. Anne, within the liberty of Westminster, anciently called or 
 known by the names of Kemp's Field and Bunches Close, Coleman Hedge, 
 or Coleman Hedge Field, containing together by estimation 220 acres, and 
 Dog-house Field, alias Brown's Close, containing by estimation 5^ acres, and 
 were since more lately called or known by the name or names of Soho or
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 Soho Fields, which premises are now laid out into streets and other places, 
 with many tenements and buildings erected thereon, the chief of which are 
 at present known and distinguished by the names following : King's Square, 
 alias Soho Square, Greek Street, Church Street, Moor Street, Compton 
 Street, Frith Street, Charles Street, Sutton Street, Queen Street, Dean Street, 
 King's Court, Falconberg Court, Rose Street, North side of King's Street, 
 West side of Crown Street, alias Hog Lane, South side of the road called 
 Acton Road (Oxford Street) leading from St. Giles's towards Tyburn on the 
 North ; by the said lane or street, called Crown Street, alias Hog Lane, 
 towards the East ; by the said street or high road leading towards Piccadilly, 
 called King Street, over against the land called the Military Ground (now 
 also builded upon), towards the South ; and by the back part of houses and 
 lands late in the tenure of Sir William Pulteney, deceased, or his assigns, in 
 a street called Old Soho, alias Wardour Street, in part and by a lane called 
 Hedge Lane (now Princes Street), towards the West.' 
 
 It is well known that King's Square was the original name given 
 to what is now known as Soho Square. This appellation was 
 bestowed in honour, not of the reigning sovereign, but of Gregory 
 King, a man who was intimately associated with the earliest buildings 
 of the Soho district. Between the years 1675 and 1680 the Soho 
 Fields were surveyed by him, who, according to his life, preserved 
 among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library, projected the 
 square, and drew up c the first articles for the building thereof.' 
 
 Gregory King was of an ancient Leicestershire family. He was 
 born at Lichfield in 1648, and after receiving a good education he, 
 in 1662, became clerk to Sir William Dugdale, Norroy King of 
 Arms. During Dugdale's visitation of his province between 1662 
 and 1666, King delineated the castles and remarkable objects. He 
 was also employed by Dugdale in transcribing pedigrees and tricking 
 arms. In 1667 ne ^ft Dugdale and entered the service of Lord 
 Hatton, who was engaged in designing a collection of grants, with 
 arms, quarterings, and supporters of the nobility. He remained with 
 this nobleman but a short time. In 1669 we find him in the service 
 of the Dowager Lady Gerard, of Gerard's Bromley, relict of
 
 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 Charles, and mother of Digby Lord Gerard, acting as her steward, 
 auditor, and secretary. In 1672 King visited London, when he 
 renewed his acquaintance with his old master, Dugdale, and through 
 him became known to Hollar, the celebrated engraver, who recom- 
 mended him to Ogilvy, who was at that time engaged in printing 
 St. Peter Leicester's book on the antiquities of Chester. In this 
 work Gregory King made his first attempt at etching. Ogilvy 
 employed him to etch plates for various antiquarian and other 
 publications. King next appears to have turned his attention to 
 map-construction. He assisted in drawing the map of London, 
 subsequently engraved by Hollar, and he superintended its publi- 
 cation. The map was on a scale of one hundred feet to the inch, 
 and it was intended to exhibit the ground-plan of every individual 
 house and garden in the metropolis. 
 
 He next surveyed Westminster on the same scale ; and was 
 afterwards engaged on the survey of the Soho Fields, as above 
 mentioned. His first attempts at engraving were made whilst 
 at work on a new edition of a book of roads. 
 
 In 1677 King was appointed Rouge Dragon pursuivant in the 
 Heralds' College, but the fees arising from the office were so small 
 that he was compelled to continue his occupation of engraving, sur- 
 veying, &c. He was nominated by the Duke of Norfolk to the office 
 of Registrar of the College of Arms in 1684, and at the coronation of 
 William and Mary he was appointed Lancaster Herald. He died 
 August 29th, 1712, and was buried in the church of St. Benet, 
 Paul's Wharf. 
 
 It is of course well known that the whole district now called 
 Soho originally belonged to the parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, 
 and it is an interesting fact, in connection with this, that until recently 
 the almshouses of St. Martin's were in Crown Street, Soho. 
 
 St. Anne's, Soho, had no separate or distinct existence as a 
 parish until 1678, when the new neighbourhood which was growing 
 up in the Soho Fields required a church in a more convenient
 
 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 position than that they already possessed near Charing Cross. A 
 church for the Greek refugees was built at Soho, and dedicated as 
 early as 1677; and a large portion of that edifice now forms the 
 nave of St. Mary's Church, in Charing Cross Road. 
 
 When the need for a church became pressing, the inhabitants and 
 owners of the newly erected buildings applied to the Bishop of 
 London to appoint them a proper spot of ground in Kemp's Field 
 whereon to erect a church and set out a churchyard for a common 
 cemetery. The request being readily agreed to, the inhabitants, 
 under sanction of an Act of Parliament, commenced the erection of 
 the present edifice. After it had been raised to a considerable height 
 the district for the intended parish was settled with the vestry of St. 
 Martin's ; and in the year 1678 it was created into a distinct parish, 
 and was consequently discharged from all manner of dependence upon 
 that of St. Martin's. The new parish had the right of appointing 
 parish officers, the making of rates, and in all respects possessed the 
 same privileges as the other parishes within the city and liberty of 
 Westminster. 
 
 The exact boundary of the parish is as follows. Commencing 
 at the east end of Oxford Street, it turns southward down Charing 
 Cross Road to Cambridge Circus, thence eastward through West 
 Street to Upper St. Martin's Lane, down which it pursues its route ; 
 through Great Newport Street to Charing Cross Road, along Bear 
 Street, across Leicester Square to Spur Street, up Whitcomb Street 
 and Wardour Street to Oxford Street, where it turns eastward to 
 the point of starting. 
 
 The Square itself, from the earliest years of its existence, seems 
 to have been the centre of aristocratic and fashionable life. Some 
 beautiful examples of gentlemen's houses were built around it, 
 and the reserved portion was originally laid out with great care. 
 In the centre was a fountain, with figures at the base emblematical 
 of the rivers Thames, Trent, H umber, and Severn, the work of 
 Caius Gabriel Cibber.
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 15 
 
 Nollekens, the sculptor, was born, in 1737, at No. 28 Dean 
 Street, Soho, and from the interesting reminiscences of him which 
 Mr. John Thomas Smith has handed down to us,* we learn that 
 he c often stood for hours together to see the water run out of the 
 jugs of the old river-gods into the basin in the middle of the Square ; 
 but the water never would run out of their jugs but when the 
 windmill was going round at the top of Rathbone Place.' A 
 foot-note by Mr. Smith states : c This windmill stood upon the site 
 of Percy Chapel, in Charlotte Street, and the spring, which supplied 
 the long pond before it, now remains in the cellar of Elisha, a 
 bricklayer, behind the chapel.' 
 
 Nollekens could remember Soho Square at the time when 
 it was a most fashionable quarter, when it was much frequented by 
 the nobility, and when no less than four ambassadors were residing 
 within it. 
 
 The year 1748 introduces us to a highly interesting document 
 in connection with the history of the square, which has fortunately 
 been preserved. It is the original subscription-list for erecting the 
 iron railings in place of the wooden palisades surrounding the 
 garden. This memorial is of value, too, as giving us the names of 
 the principal inhabitants of the square in the middle of the 
 eighteenth century, as well as the respective contributions of each. 
 It also shows us, with tolerable certainty, the position in life of 
 those donors whose names cannot be recognised at this distance of 
 time. The following is a verbatim copy of the document. It is 
 headed by the Duke of Portland, whom it will be remembered was 
 the owner of the Soho property ; he was not at any time a resident 
 in the square, as it has been surmised. 
 
 'WHEREAS the Proprietors and Inhabitants of Ground and Houses in 
 and near Soho, otherwise King Square, in the Parish of Saint Anne, within 
 the Liberty of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, or the major 
 
 * Nollekens and his Times. By J. T. Smith, Keeper of the Prints and Drawings in the 
 British Museum. 2 vols. London, 1828.
 
 ,6 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 part of them, have agreed to cause the middle of the said Square to be 
 new made and inclosed with iron railings on a stone kirb, and such 
 other works to be done and performed in and about the same as are 
 hereinafter particularly mentioned, that is to say : To make a foundation of 
 Brick work one foot below the top of the Paving, one brick and a half 
 thick all round, and on the said Brick Work to set a Portland Stone Kirb 
 full one foot six inches high and ten inches thick, with proper Joggle 
 Joints, and holes to be cut in ditto for Iron work to be Jagged and 
 Dovetailed into the same, the Depth of one inch and an half according to 
 the shape, manner, and form of the stone work or kirb on which the Iron 
 Rails are fixed in Lincoln's Inn Fields. The said Iron work to be full 
 four feet six inches high above the kirb, with a Standard Barr one inch 
 and an half square, and ten feet and an half distance, or thereabouts, with 
 proper balls and braces rivetted thereto. The Common Spike Barrs to be 
 one full inch square and four inches distance, with Spikes or Darts between 
 each barr of the Gates, like those in Lincoln's Inn Fields aforesaid. Also 
 a Top Barr full two inches and a half wide and half an inch thick. The 
 Spikes to be left six inches above the Top Barr, and to affix Eight Lamp 
 Irons three feet six inches high above the spikes of the Common Barrs in 
 the Eight corner Angles, to be taken off", against each of which Eight 
 Angles are to be placed Eight Spurr Stones of Four feet and an half in 
 Length, two feet whereof to be put under ground, and to make Four Iron 
 Gates, one on each side, at a proper Width, to be Fixt in the middle of 
 the Four sides as near as possible, with good, strong, and substantial Locks 
 and Keys to the same, and to Paint all the said Iron work three times in 
 Oyl in a good manner. To Pave with good new Kentish Ragg Stones 
 from the Channell all round the Square to the new intended Stone Kirb 
 (the old materials to be taken away and become the property of the 
 Workmen and Artificers), and all the said Paving to be kept in good repair 
 by such Workmen and Artificers for the space of Twelve Kalender Months 
 to be computed from the day the said Paving shall be Finished, and so to 
 leave the same at the Expiration of such Twelve Months and all the 
 several Works in digging the Foundation for the Brick Work under the 
 Stone Kirb, Levelling and preparing the Ground for the new Paving and 
 laying Streight the Inclos'd part. AND WHEREAS any three or more of 
 the Subscribers towards carrying the said intended Works into Execution
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 17 
 
 being appointed a Committee to act (with the approbation and consent of 
 us whose Names are here under-written), Do forthwith intend, and they 
 are hereby authorized and appointed, on our behalf, to contract and agree 
 with one or more Workmen and Artificers for the performance of all the 
 above mentioned Works, and for finding and providing good and sufficient 
 materials of all sorts to be used and employed about the same for a sum not 
 exceeding Nine Hundred and Fifty Pounds. Now, THEREFORE, We 
 whose names are here under written and Seals hereunto affix'd, do for that 
 end and purpose oblige ourselves severally (but not jointly) and our several 
 Executors and Administrators, to pay and Contribute, or cause to be paid 
 and Contributed, to John Lucas, of the Inner Temple, London, Esquire, 
 {Treasurer of the money by us here under subscribed) the several sums 
 here under Written and figured against our respective names when the same 
 shall be Demanded, To the Intent the same moneys may be by him paid 
 to such one or more Workmen and Artificers at such times and in such 
 manner as they, the Committee, shall think fit, to enable them to carry on 
 and compleat the said Works in a Substantial, Ornamental and Workmanlike 
 manner. WITNESS our Hands and Seals this Eighteenth day of May, One 
 Thousand Seven Hundred and forty-eight. 
 
 Subscribers' Names. Sums Subscribed. 
 
 > * 
 
 Portland. Three Hundred Pounds 300 oo oo 
 
 Carlisle 60 oo oo 
 
 Jo. Felling 26 oo oo 
 
 Bateman 60 oo oo 
 
 Henry Lapostre 22 10 oo 
 
 Anne Chauncy ... 12 12 oo 
 
 Catherine Davis 21 oo oo 
 
 Jos. Pearce 21 oo oo 
 
 W m Bradshaw 30 oo oo 
 
 B. Wood 10 10 oo 
 
 Mr. Clare 12 iz oo 
 
 George Bridges, Esq., by letter 25 oo oo 
 
 Tho s Cuthbert, for Mrs. Sarah Garnett 10 10 oo 
 
 Jn Barkley, for Mrs. Eliza Nicholas 10 10 oo 
 
 W m Bradshaw, by order of Lord Tylney 30 oo oo 
 
 c
 
 , 8 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 Sums Subscribed. 
 Subscribers' Names. f S d 
 
 Tho s Chamberlain, for Mrs. Harvey 25 
 
 Sa. Nepheu 5 5 
 
 Rachel Nepheu 5 5 ' 
 
 George Bagnall '5 X 5 
 
 Matthew Mills 5 5 oa 
 
 Fr. Wyvill 5 5 o 
 
 Benj n Pryce 5 5 
 
 Jn Parker 5 5 
 
 Jn Lucas 1O IO 
 
 Geo. Lew 5 Coke 10 10 oo 
 
 A. Carlisle 5 5 
 
 Ric d Lord Onslow 20 oo oo 
 
 Charles Finn, for Col. Daniel Paul 14 
 
 Charles Howard, Esq 20 oo oo 
 
 W. Duncomb of Frith Street 5 oo oo 
 
 Sam 1 Seddon 5 oo oo 
 
 George Weston 10 oo oo 
 
 Edw d Whitaker 5 5 oo 
 
 Preserved with this document is the following debtor and 
 creditor account of the actual receipts and expenditure. 
 
 The Account of John Lucas to the several Persons who Subscrib'd 
 toward the Expence of Inclosing the Garden in Soho Square with Stone 
 Base and Iron Rails : 
 
 '. d. 
 To Cash receiV* 1 of the Rt. Hon ble y 6 Lord 
 
 Bateman 60 o o 
 
 Dr. Jn Felling 26 o o 
 
 L d Hindford p. J. Machin 55 
 
 Mrs. Cath e Davis 21 o o 
 
 Cha. Howard, Esq 20 o o 
 
 Eliz. Nicholas 10 10 o 
 
 Edw d Whitaker 55 
 
 Benj. Wood 10 10 o
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 19 
 
 '- d. 
 
 Geo. Lewis Coke, Esq. 1010 o 
 
 Arth. Champernoon, Esq 1010 o 
 
 Sarah Garnet 1010 o 
 
 Henry L'Postre, Esq 22 10 o 
 
 Mary Western 1010 o 
 
 Martin Clare 12 12 o 
 
 Lord Onslow 20 o o 
 
 Geo. Bridges, Esq 25 o o 
 
 Sam 1 Seddon 5 5 o 
 
 Math. Mills, Esq 5 5 o 
 
 Capt n Benj. Price 55 
 
 Mrs. Wyvell 5 5 o 
 
 Dr. John Homer 31 10 o 
 
 Mrs. Chancey 10 10 o 
 
 Earl Tilney 30 o o 
 
 W m Harvey, Esq 25 o o 
 
 Earl of Carlisle 60 o o 
 
 Dan. Paul, Esq 14. o o 
 
 Sar. & Rach. Nepheu 10 10 o 
 
 Geo. Bagnol, Esq 15 15 o 
 
 Jos. Pearse 21 o o 
 
 W m Bradshaw 30 o o 
 
 Count 55 of Carlisle 55 
 
 W m Duncomb, Esq 55 
 
 John Parker 5 5 o 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Portland 300 o o 
 
 ' d. 
 By Cash paid to Sundry 5 , viz., Peter Vandercomb & 
 
 Co., Masons, p. Contract 698 o o 
 
 Do. 2 Bills for Extra Work 22 15 6 
 
 W m Yates, for Lamp Irons and Keys to the Gates 2917 6 
 
 Hump. Terry, Card, make up the Garden 53 8 o 
 
 Mr. Hardcastle for plan and Estimate 4 4 o 
 
 Geo. Gillingham, Bricklay r 116 6
 
 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 , ' d. 
 
 Benj. Wood, Carp, for Plank to Cover Drains ... 1 1 2 o 
 Ditto for drawing Plans, Survey work, and settling 
 
 bill 23 o o 
 
 Expence at meeting 5 of Subscribers at y e Turk's 
 
 head Tavern settling Agreem 5 and Contracts 
 
 w h Workmen I 9 o 
 
 Advertism 15 & Letters to appoint Meeting of the 
 
 Subscribers 127 
 
 Drawing and Engrosing the articles for Subscribers, 
 
 Contracts w h Workmen, and paying the same 
 
 The following accounts of some of the more important residences 
 in Soho Square may help one to realise the importance of the place 
 in former times. Some of them still exist, but all are shorn of their 
 ancient grandeur, and Monmouth and Carlisle Houses, the two 
 buildings of chief importance, have been swept entirely away. 
 
 MONMOUTH HOUSE. 
 
 By far the most important residence in Soho, and also one of 
 the earliest buildings erected in Soho Square, was the mansion of 
 the Duke of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II. and Lucy 
 Walters. The site was conveyed and assigned to the Duke on 
 the i yth of February, 1681, by Benjamin Hinton, William Hutt, 
 Cadogan, Thomas Frith, and Richard Frith ; and very soon after, 
 probably in the same year, the building of the mansion was com- 
 menced on a scale of considerable magnificence, from the designs, 
 it is said, of Sir Christopher Wren. 
 
 The Duke paid for the purchase and building 17007., or there- 
 abouts; but by the grant of Charles II., January 20th, 1685, in 
 which the Duke was pardoned, it appears that it was to be conveyed 
 to Anthony Ward and Andrew Card, gentlemen, upon their pay- 
 ment of I200/. in part and for the benefit of Anne Duchess of 
 Monmouth. 
 
 We find it recorded that in January, 1682, several gentlemen
 
 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 serenaded the Duke of Monmouth at his house in Soho Square, 
 whence they went to the Lady Stanford's, and were paying her 
 the same compliment when the servants of the Duke, conceiving 
 the music an affront, sallied forth and severely beat the innocent 
 musicians, who were but ill requited for thus sacrificing their rest, 
 except that the Duke afterwards did them the honour to be very 
 angry with his domestics. Other accounts of the same occurrence 
 declare that the songs were intended as an insult j but, however 
 that may be, the incident is of considerable interest, as tending to 
 show that the Duke's house was already so far finished as to be 
 habitable at the date given. 
 
 The Battle of Sedgemoor was fought in July, 1685, and a few 
 days afterwards the Duke of Monmouth was beheaded. Three years 
 later, his Duchess became the wife of Charles, third Lord Corn- 
 wallis, by whom she had a son and two daughters, who all died 
 unmarried. The Duchess died on the 6th of February, 1732, in her 
 eighty-first year, and was buried at Dalkeith. As her husband's 
 attainder did not extend to Scotland, the dukedom of Buccleugh 
 descended to her heirs. 
 
 Monmouth's memory was for a time celebrated in songs, amongst 
 which the most popular was one which had been written by Mrs. 
 Aphara Behn at least a year before his death. It commenced with 
 the lines : 
 
 ' Young Jemmy was a Lad 
 
 Of Royal Birth and Breeding, 
 With every Beauty Clad : 
 
 And ev'ry Grace Exceeding ; 
 A face and shape so wondrous fine, 
 
 So Charming ev'ry part ; 
 That every Lass upon the Green 
 
 For Jemmy had a Heart.' 
 
 This song may be found in full in Poems upon Several Occasions^ by 
 Mrs. A. Behn, published in 1684 (page 123).
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 In the year 1683 a broadside was published, bearing the title, 
 
 4 News from So Ho, , concerning the D. of Monmouth, 
 
 L. Grey, and the E. of Shaftsbury : And of the strange manner of 
 finding a Dead Corps of a Man-kind, in the Parish of St. Martins 
 in the Fields.' 
 
 This curious publication narrates the discovery, in a cellar at 
 Soho, on Tuesday, i8th September, 1683, of a human body pre- 
 served in c some Liquid Matter as clear as Christal,' and inclosed 
 in a tin coffin. Glass was inserted in the coffin in such a way as 
 to render the body visible, and speculation was actively excited in 
 the popular mind as to the identity of the individual. The popular 
 feeling at that time ran high against popery, and some imagined 
 this gruesome discovery was in some way associated with a popish 
 plot. It was but three months since the discovery of the Rye 
 House Plot, and the names of the Duke of Monmouth and Lord 
 Grey had been brought prominently before public attention, and 
 thus it was that rumours found currency to the effect that the dead 
 body was none other than that of the Duke. Others supposed 
 it to be that of Lord Grey, and some said the Earl of Shaftesbury. 
 
 The woman, whose curiosity in prying into the package had 
 led to the discovery, debated the matter with the constable who 
 had been sent for to open the chest, and ' it was resolved a Coroner 
 should be sent for, and, according to the Duty of his Office, he 
 came and viewed the Corps, and ImpannePd a Jury to inquire,' &c. 
 The result of the inquiry tended to show c That the Corps was a 
 person deceased 7 or 8 days ago ; his Brother, with whom he dwelt, 
 being a Chyrurgion, had Enclosed it, in the manner as you have 
 heard, to satisfy his Curiosity ; and the Body is removed to a Shed 
 in St. Martin's New Church-Tard, where it lies at present, in 
 Order to it's Interment.' 
 
 There is no reason to suppose that curious method of burying 
 the dead was in any way associated with a religious or political 
 plot; but the whole incident, and the vague rumours to which it
 
 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 gave rise, shed an interesting side-light upon the life of the time, 
 and serve to show the state of popular excitement which prevailed 
 among those who lived near the Duke of Monmouth's residence 
 at Soho in the early days of its history. 
 
 In the year 1693 Monmouth House was offered for sale, and 
 the following advertisement was inserted in the London Gazette of 
 September yth : 
 
 'Whereas the great house in Soho Square, known by the name of 
 Monmouth House, is decreed to be Sold, These are to give notice, that 
 if any person is desirous to purchase the same, they may repair to the 
 chambers of Mr. Anthony Ward at Furnival's Inn, where they may be 
 informed of the title and value.' 
 
 It appears that Monmouth House was let to different French 
 Ambassadors, including the Counts de Guerchy and Novailles, after 
 which the house was pulled down, and the land whereon it stood 
 was sold. The Count de Guerchy built a chapel at the end of the 
 garden, the entrance to which was in Queen Street. 
 
 A Society of French Protestants occupied the French Am- 
 bassador's chapel at Monmouth House after he had left. In 1782 
 it was taken from them by Lord Cornwallis, who bought the 
 house. 
 
 In Mr. J. T. Smith's Nollekens and his Times, we find the 
 following interesting account of the Duke of Monmouth's house 
 at the time when it was being demolished : 
 
 ' Mr. Nollekens, on his way to the Roman Catholic Chapel in Duke 
 Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, where he was christened, stopped to show me 
 the dilapidations of the Duke of Monmouth's house in Soho Square. It 
 was on the south side, and occupied the site of the houses which now stand 
 in Bateman's Buildings ; and though the workmen were employed in 
 pulling it down, we ventured to go in. The gate entrance was of massive 
 iron-work supported by stone piers, surmounted by the crest of the owner 
 of the house ; and within the gates there was a spacious courtyard for 
 carriages. The hall was ascended by steps. There were eight rooms on
 
 24 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 the ground floor : the principal one was a dining room towards the south, 
 the carved and gilt panels of which had contained whole-length pictures. 
 At the corners of the ornamental ceiling, which was of plaster, and over the 
 chimney-piece, the Duke of Monmouth's arms were displayed. 
 
 ' From a window, we descended into a paved yard, surrounded by a red 
 brick wall with heavy stone copings, which was, to the best of my 
 recollection, full twenty-five feet in height. The staircase was of oak, the 
 steps very low, and the landing-places were tesselated with woods of light 
 and dark colours, similar to those now remaining on the staircase of Lord 
 Russell's house, late Lowe's Hotel, Covent Garden, and in several rooms of 
 the British Museum. 
 
 ' As we ascended, I remember Mr. Nollekens noticing the busts of 
 Seneca, Caracalla, Trajan, Adrian, and several others upon ornamental 
 brackets. The principal room on the first floor, which had not been 
 disturbed by the workmen, was lined with blue satin, superbly decorated 
 with pheasants and others birds in gold. The chimney-piece was richly 
 ornamented with fruit and foliage, similar to the carvings which surround 
 the altar of St. James's Church, Piccadilly, so beautifully executed by 
 Grinlin Gibbons. In the centre over this chimney-piece, within a wreath 
 of oak leaves, there was a circular recess which evidently had been designed 
 for the reception of a bust. The beads of the panels of the brown window 
 shutters, which were very lofty, were gilt; and the piers between the 
 windows, from stains upon the silk, had probably been filled with looking- 
 glasses. The scaffolding, ladders, and numerous workmen rendered it too 
 dangerous for us to go higher, or to see more of this most interesting 
 house.' 
 
 The site of Monmouth House was subsequently occupied by the 
 narrow alley called Bateman's Buildings, and the Hospital for 
 Women now stands upon a part of the site. 
 
 CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 There were close by Soho Square two buildings bearing the 
 name Carlisle House. The first to be mentioned, the family 
 mansion of the Howards, was erected soon after the Restoration, 
 in King's Square Court (now Carlisle Street), on the west side of
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 Soho Square, and when Charles Howard, third Earl of Carlisle,* 
 between the years 1686 and 1690, decided to build the house on 
 the east side of the square, he selected a spot within sight of his home. 
 
 When Lord Charles Howard attained the hereditary title of Earl 
 of Carlisle, by his father's death in 1692, he was appointed custos 
 rotuhrum of Cambridgeshire. William III. made him a Lord of 
 his Bedchamber in 1700, and afterwards a member of the Privy 
 Council. He received many honours and appointments in the 
 succeeding reigns, and died at Bath, May 1st, 1738. 
 
 The Earl married Anne, daughter of Arthur Capel, Earl of 
 Essex, a lady celebrated for her exemplary character and extensive 
 charities. She was the author of Maxims for Young Ladies, before 
 and after Marriage, but chiefly for the Latter, printed after her death,, 
 in 1790. The Countess died a widow at Carlisle House, October I4th, 
 1752, and was buried in the Essex vault in Watford Church, Herts. 
 
 Carlisle House had a marble-floored hall and grand decorated 
 staircase ; the rooms were large and lofty, and had enriched ceilings. 
 The mansion originally stood in the midst of a garden, a portion of 
 which remained in the rear ; the ' cherry garden ' is built upon. 
 The lower walls of Carlisle House were of old English bond, of 
 brilliant red brick; the leadwork of the cisterns was dated 1669, the 
 year of the creation of the earldom of Carlisle. When the mansion 
 passed from the Carlisle family there are no means of ascertaining ; 
 but the lease was purchased, before 1765, of Lord Delaval, the 
 brother of Sir Francis Delaval, the friend and patron of Samuel 
 Foote, by Dominico Angelo, the celebrated riding and fencing 
 master. The house being spacious, Angelo had apartments for many 
 
 * The first person who bore this title was Andrew de Hartcla, warden of the Marches, 
 a distinguished soldier in the Scottish wars. The earldom was conferred on him by 
 Edward I., along with immense estates, for his victory over the rebel Earl of Lancaster at 
 Boroughbridge, but he was subsequently convicted of treason and executed in 1 322. After 
 the lapse of more than three centuries, the earldom of Carlisle was revived, and conferred 
 upon a branch of the great house of Howard, descended from ' Belted Will,' famous in 
 Border tradition and song.
 
 26 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 purposes ; one in particular he used as a constant chamber for the 
 evening conversazioni with his numerous friends j and, in addition, he 
 erected a manege at the back which extended to Wardour Street. 
 
 Angelo kept open house for men of distinction or abilities, 
 and among the frequent guests at his hospitable board were 
 Garrick, Wilkes, Home Tooke, Sheridan, Colman, Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds, ZofTany, Cipriani, Bartolozzi, Gainsborough, Bach, Abel, 
 the Chevalier D'Eon, Canaletti, Servandoni, Loutherbourg, &c. * All 
 the celebrated horse-painters of the last, and some of the veterans of 
 the present age,' says Harry Angelo, c were constant visitors at our 
 table.' Stubbs, the author of the Anatomy of the Horse (the first 
 English painter who thoroughly understood the anatomy of this noble 
 animal), carried on his studies in the manege of Angelo. 
 
 The Duke of Cumberland ' Billy the Butcher,' or the ' Hero of 
 Culloden/ as he was called was a frequent visitor to see the horses 
 of this establishment. He was the largest prince in Christendom, 
 weighing about four-and-twenty stone. * I remember seeing him,' 
 says Harry Angelo, c at the house of his royal nephews in Leicester 
 Square, and distinctly recollect his weighing the carriage on one side 
 as he raised his ponderous body on the step. The young princes, 
 who were lively youths, laughed at the thoughts of what would have 
 been the damage of a complete upset, when Mr. George and Mr. Le 
 Grand, the two preceptors, ventured to admonish them for their levity.' 
 
 Subsequently Carlisle House became the residence of Simpson, 
 the artist, the well-known assistant to Sir Thomas Lawrence. It 
 was afterwards occupied by W. Gibbs Rogers, the carver ; in the 
 ballroom the College of the Freemasons of the Church held their 
 monthly meetings. It was subsequently let out in tenements. 
 
 The site upon which the Carlisle House associated with Mrs. 
 Cornelys once stood is now occupied by the Roman Catholic Church 
 of St. Patrick, and two houses, Nos. 2ia and 22, were removed in 
 order to make room for the church. 
 
 It has frequently been doubted whether the Howard family ever
 
 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 27 
 
 had any connection with this house ; and it has been suggested that 
 it was christened Carlisle House by Mrs. Cornelys, from the near 
 locality of the mansion opposite. But the rate-books set the matter 
 at rest ; and, indeed, Hatton expressly says, c The Lord Carlisle his 
 house is on the east side of Soho Square.' Another member of the 
 same family Lord George Howard we are also informed by 
 Hatton, had his mansion on the west side of the same square. 
 
 Mr. Jesse, in his Literary and Historical Memoirs of London, gives 
 a slight sketch of this locality, in which he says, ' At what period the 
 Howards deserted Carlisle House, in Soho Square, we have no record.' 
 The rate-books, however, furnish us with the information that in 
 September, 1749, 'General Charles Howard* was residing in the 
 mansion, and in May, 1756, 'Charles Howard, Esq.' the two 
 entries probably relating to the same person. 
 
 From the copper-plate found when St. Patrick's Church was 
 rebuilt recently, it is evident that Mrs. Cornelys was residing at 
 Carlisle House as early as 1761, or earlier; so that, in all probability, 
 the Howards were immediately succeeded by this 'Empress of 
 Fashion,' who was now preparing to take the gay world by storm. 
 
 Particulars of Carlisle House during the period of Mrs. Cornelys' 
 residence there will be found in the chapter in this volume entitled 
 ' Mrs. Cornelys at Carlisle House.' 
 
 THE 'WHITE HOUSE.' 
 
 On the north side of Sutton Street, and on the eastern side of Soho 
 Square, once stood Falconberg House, afterwards the infamous 
 'White House.' Here lived Mary Cromwell, Lady Falconberg, 
 Oliver Cromwell's third daughter. She died on March I4th, 1712, 
 and left this house, and all other property in her power, away from 
 her husband's relatives. Sutton Street, it may be noticed, takes its 
 name from Sutton Court, Chiswick, the country house of the 
 Falconberg family. 
 
 This mansion was once the residence of Sir Cloudesley Shovel,
 
 2 8 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 memorable for his gallant conduct, his melancholy death, and his 
 execrable periwigged monument in Westminster Abbey. After 
 hair-breadth escapes too many to be told, the gallant Admiral's ship 
 on the 22nd of October, 1707, struck upon a rock, and every soul 
 on board perished. His body having been thrown on shore on the 
 Island of Scilly, was brought from thence to his house in London, 
 and subsequently, after lying in state, was conveyed from Soho 
 Square with considerable pomp to Westminster Abbey. His widow 
 continued to reside in a smaller house on the west side (No. i) until 
 after 1720. 
 
 In 1726 we find the celebrated Dutch adventurer and Spanish 
 minister, Don Ripperda, living with great splendour in the White 
 House, and subsequently the Spanish ambassador, the Count de 
 Fuentes, resided there. The Count arrived in London on the 24th 
 May, 1760, and immediately proceeded with his suite and family to 
 his house in Soho Square. Horace Walpole, describing the Prince's 
 birthday at Court in the June following, says : 
 
 ' The new Spanish embassy was there. Monsieur de Fuentes is a 
 halfpenny print of my Lord Huntingdon. His wife homely, but seemed 
 good-humoured and civil. The son does not degenerate from such high-born 
 ugliness the daughter-in-law was sick, and they say is not ugly, and has as 
 good a set of teeth as one can have, when one has but two, and those black. 
 They seem to have no curiosity where they are placed, and ask no questions 
 about so strange a country.'* 
 
 In the suite of the Count de Fuentes was that clever mechanician, 
 Joseph Merlin. He was born in the city of Huy, between Namur 
 and Liege, in 1735. After settling at Paris, on the recommendation 
 of the Royal Academy of Sciences, he entered the service of the 
 Count, and arrived with him in London. 
 
 It was in Soho Square that this extraordinary artist devised many 
 of his * magical ' inventions. One of these novelties was a pair of 
 skaites^ contrived to run on wheels. Supplied with a pair of these 
 
 * Miscellaneous Correspondence, edit. 1840, iv. 60.
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 29 
 
 and a violin, he mixed in the motley group of one of Madame 
 Cornelys' masquerades at Carlisle House, Soho Square, when, not 
 having provided the means of retarding his velocity, or commanding 
 its direction, he impelled himself against a mirror of more than five 
 hundred pounds value, dashed it to atoms, broke his instrument to 
 pieces, and wounded himself most severely. Merlin died in May, 
 1804, leaving only a small fortune, but a name unrivalled for 
 mechanical ingenuity. 
 
 Before 1776 the Spanish ambassador had vacated the c White 
 House,' in which year, it appears by the parish rate-books, the 
 premises became the property of l Thomas Hooper.' Hooper's Hotel 
 henceforward became notorious in the annals of Fashion. The place 
 had an unsavoury notoriety for many years, and one of its chief 
 attractions to a certain class consisted in its having a courtyard within 
 the large gates, so that visitors who desired to pay secret visits might 
 drive in and alight unseen. 
 
 In the course of time the place passed into the hands of Messrs. 
 Crosse & Blackwell, who pulled it down to the ground, and erected 
 the present spacious premises on the site.* 
 
 Another very handsome old house in Soho Square is that which 
 immediately joined the notorious ' White House.' It was at one 
 time tenanted by the Duke of Argyll ; afterwards it was inhabited 
 by an Earl of Bradford. Speaker Onslow, too, resided there, and 
 held his Parliamentary levees in the principal drawing-room. The 
 ceilings of this noble house were painted by Angelica Kauffmann and 
 Biagio Rebecca. In more recent times it was occupied by Messrs. 
 D'Almaine, the pianoforte- makers, and it now belongs to Messrs. 
 Crosse & Blackwell. 
 
 ALDERMAN BECKFORD'S HOUSE. 
 
 One of the most remarkable characters in public and political 
 life during the eighteenth century, Alderman Beckford, resided 
 
 * See also page 36 et seq.
 
 3 o THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 for some time in a large house, still standing, in Soho Square, at 
 the corner of Greek Street. William Beckford was the son of 
 the Hon. Peter Beckford, Speaker of the Assembly of Jamaica, and 
 was born in 1709. At the age of fourteen the son was sent to 
 England expressly to be educated under the care of Rev. Robert 
 Friend, the head master of Westminster School. 
 
 He inherited a very large fortune, acquired and adorned a 
 luxurious home in Wiltshire, and entered Parliament as Member 
 for the City of London. In 1755 he became Sheriff of London, 
 and in 1762 he was elected Lord Mayor. He was elected to the 
 same office a second time in 1769. Beckford's name was closely 
 associated with that of Wilkes. From certain documents we 
 find that Beckford was regarded with some degree of suspicion, 
 and persons who were employed by the Secretaries of State to 
 watch the movements of Mr. Wilkes and his friends reported : 
 'Tuesday, November 8th [1763]. Mr. Wilkes went out this 
 morning at half an hour after eight o'clock, in a hackney coach, 
 to Mr. Beckford's, the present Lord Mayor, in Soho Square, and 
 stayed three-quarters of an hour; from thence he went to Mr. 
 Onslow's, in Curzon Street, May Fair, and stayed an hour and a 
 half.' 
 
 The house in Soho Square seems to have reflected, to some 
 extent at least, the political disturbances of the times. 
 
 Walpole, in a letter to Sir Horace Mann, dated April igth, 1770, 
 writes : l The Lord Mayor had enjoyed tranquility as Mayor. 
 As Beckford, his own house in Soho Square was embroidered with 
 LIBERTY in white letters three feet high. Luckily, the evening 
 was very wet, and not a mouse stirred.' 
 
 When Alderman Beckford was elected chief magistrate in 1769, 
 he ordered the following charities to be distributed to the poor of 
 St. Anne's, Soho, viz., to every poor man a leg of mutton, a half- 
 peck loaf, three pounds of potatoes, and half-a-crown in money ; to 
 every poor woman six pounds of beef, one quartern and one three-
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 31 
 
 penny loaf, and one shilling and sixpence in money j and to every 
 indigent family one guinea. 
 
 The event in Beckford's life which created the greatest stir, not 
 only in the metropolis, but also throughout the kingdom, was the speech 
 he made to the King. William Beckford was the only man of his 
 time who, with firmness, yet with humility, dared tell a king upon 
 his throne, surrounded by his courtiers, the plain and honest truth, 
 whereby he vindicated the spirit of the City of London. This im- 
 promptu speech, which has since become historical, was delivered 
 during Beckford's second term of office as Lord Mayor of London, 
 and its words have for more than a century been legible in gold 
 letters on the pedestal of his monument at Guildhall. This speech, 
 when it was being uttered, made the King's countenance flush with 
 anger, while the Court surrounding him listened to it with some- 
 thing like consternation. The substance of the speech appeared in 
 the Public Advertiser of May 24th, 1770. It was also entered in 
 the Journals of the Court of Common Council. 
 
 Alderman Beckford's son was the gifted author of Vathek, a 
 literary work completed in one continuous effort, which occupied 
 three days and two nights. It is a work of great genius, and, ac- 
 cording to Byron's estimate, for correctness of costume, beauty of 
 description, and power of imagination, it ranks as the most sublime 
 of all European imitations of Eastern tales. 
 
 This fine house still exists, and belongs to the House of Charity ; 
 but the handsome chimney-pieces which once decorated its rooms 
 were sold some time ago for the benefit of the institution. 
 
 Richard Payne Knight, an eccentric literary character, celebrated 
 for his love of art, was one of the notable inhabitants of Soho Square, 
 where he died, April 28th, 1824, at the age of seventy-six. He 
 bequeathed his large collection of coins, medals, gems, bronzes, 
 and drawings, worth, it was estimated, about 3O,ooo/., to the British 
 Museum. 
 
 No. 32 Soho Square is an interesting house. Here lived Sir
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 Joseph Banks, Bart. His large house, with its fine library and un- 
 equalled botanical collections, was always open to scientific men. 
 Indeed, his abode became a rallying-point for foreigners and his own 
 countrymen who, like himself, were fond of science, and his greatest 
 pleasure was seeing his friends about him enjoying his rich and well- 
 arranged library. Whenever Omai, the Tahitian, who was brought 
 to England on the return of Captain Cook's second expedition, lost 
 himself in the London streets, he used to call out, 'Sir Joseph Banks ! 
 take me to Sir Joseph Banks ! ' and some passer-by was sure to know 
 the worthy baronet's residence. 
 
 Miss Banks, Sir Joseph's sister, lived with him and his wife, 
 and she was well known in society as a character. Two anecdotes 
 of her enable us to call up a pretty vivid picture of her personal ap- 
 pearance. Her dress was quite out of the fashion, and she frequently 
 told the following story of herself : Wanting a particular song, she 
 was told by the woman who vended her stock of halfpenny ballads 
 at the Middlesex Hospital gates that if she went to a printer in Long 
 Lane, Smithfield, she would probably obtain what she required. OfF 
 she trudged to Smithfield, where the printer gave her a book con- 
 taining a number of songs. Upon her expressing her surprise (when 
 the man returned her eightpence out of her shilling) at the number 
 of songs for the money, the man said, ' What, then, are you not 
 one of our chanters ? I beg your pardon.' So much for her ap- 
 pearance out of doors ; the other anecdote relates to her dress 
 indoors. 
 
 Miss Banks and Lady Banks, in compliment to Sir Joseph, who 
 took great interest in the production of wool, had their riding-habits 
 made of that material, and wore their habits on all occasions. They 
 went to visit a friend in the country, who had invited a large dinner- 
 party to meet them, and sat down in their riding-habits. The next 
 morning they appeared at breakfast in the same costume, and till 
 their visit was ended they always appeared, to every one's astonish- 
 ment, in these habits. Miss Banks so approved of this style of dress
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 33 
 
 that she gave her habit-maker orders for three habits at a time, which 
 were called Hightum, Tightum, and Scrub. The first was her 
 best, the next her second best, and the third her every-day one. 
 Miss Banks could be a little crusty when she was put out, and on 
 one occasion, when a distinguished man came to Soho Square a 
 quarter of an hour before dinner-time, and caught her putting away 
 her 4 things,' she gave him a very sharp answer. The visitor made 
 the innocent remark, ' It's a fine day, ma'am;' to which Miss Banks 
 answered, c I know nothing about it ; you must speak to my brother 
 upon that subject when you are at dinner.' 
 
 Sir Joseph Banks presented his library and collections to the 
 Britisn Museum, where they will be preserved for ever for the use 
 of students. 
 
 His librarians were, first, Dr. Solander (whose chief property 
 was said to consist in the possession of a large number of dress waist- 
 coats), Dr. Dryander, usually known as ' Old Dry,' and, lastly, 
 Robert Brown (the Botanicorum facile Princeps of Alexander von 
 Humboldt), to whom Banks left a life interest in his library and 
 collections. The Linnean Society, whose librarian Brown then 
 was, moved to this house from Gerrard Street about the year 1822, 
 and continued in it until 1857, when they transferred themselves to 
 their present quarters at Burlington House. 
 
 This house is now the Hospital for Diseases of the Heart. 
 
 Among the eminent inhabitants of this locality at an early period 
 was Lord Berkeley, who, according to Hatton, in 1708 had his 
 house ' on the east side of King's Square.' This nobleman was not 
 possessed with an overabundance of amiability, if we may judge from 
 one circumstance in his career. It is well known that such was the 
 hatred of George I. to his son that he would willingly have 
 listened to any scheme, however detestable, which would enable him 
 to rid himself of his heir. Certain it is that, after his death, a paper 
 was found in his cabinet containing an infamous proposal of the Earl 
 of Berkeley to carry off the prince to America, and to place him
 
 34 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 under such close durance as should effectually prevent his ever 
 being heard of again. George I., according to Horace Walpole, 
 was too humane to listen to such a scheme. However, as he 
 exhibited no marked resentment at the atrocious overture, and even 
 retained Berkeley in his post of First Lord of the Admiralty during 
 the remainder of his reign, we may perhaps infer that the scheme 
 was rejected more from its impracticability than from its exceeding 
 baseness. The earl died at the castle of Aubigny, in France, in 
 1736. 'The Lord Nottingham,' says Hatton, in 1708, c his house 
 is on the south side of King's Square, Soho.' Daniel Finch, Earl of 
 Nottingham (and afterwards Earl of Winchilsea), was, at this time, 
 one of the leaders of the Tory party ; but his conscientious dis- 
 approval of the peace in 1711, and the part which he took in 
 deprecating and condemning it, drew upon him the spleen and abuse 
 of his old followers. He was the c Dismal ' of Swift, and the 
 ancestor of ' the black funereal Finches.' 
 
 The town house of Sir John Newton, Bart., of Barr's Court, 
 Gloucestershire, was in this fashionable square. His name appears 
 in the rate-books as a resident between the years 1700 and 1730; 
 but in 1737 the name of Lady Newton occurs, so that the baronet 
 probably died in the interim. Sir John was a lover of the arts and a 
 connoisseur in pictures, prints, and old china. 
 
 Collectors of china-ware or porcelain a century and a half since 
 were a prescribed class of individuals ; there were but few shop- 
 keepers, and the taste of collectors was but ill-defined. Speci- 
 mens then, as now, passed from one collection to another in a 
 cracked or broken condition, and many are yet extant in old 
 mansions regarded as household lares and looked on with a long- 
 cherished religious veneration, notwithstanding their deficiencies in 
 soundness. 
 
 Among those who seem to have had a passion for collecting was 
 Sir John Newton, and the following china-dealer's bill addressed to 
 him will doubtless interest many of my readers :
 
 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 35 
 
 ' Sir John Newton, 
 
 Bought of James Lund and Lluellin Aspley at the Crane in the 
 
 Poultry. 
 
 March 29, 1701. /. d. 
 
 I pair of fine china Jarrs, painted with gold i 6 o 
 
 1 pair of blew china rowlwaggons I 8 o 
 
 4 china chocolet cups and 4 saucers in colors 013 4 
 
 2 ditto chocolet cups and 2 saucers o 8 o 
 
 4 small china bottles o 3 o 
 
 I china teapot 030 
 
 3 pair of bottles, and 3 faulty cups o 2 6 
 
 12 delf saucers o 4 o 
 
 4 7 10 
 
 I pair of small bottles, with gold o 2 6 
 
 9 faulty chocolet and tea cups, in colors o 3 o 
 
 4 '3 4- 
 
 Agreed to abate of the upper percell o 210 
 
 4 10 6'* 
 
 The name of Sir John Cope appears in the rate-books of 1730 as 
 the occupant of a house in the square. This was General Sir John 
 Cope who was so shamefully defeated at the battle of Preston on the 
 22nd of September, 1745, by Prince Charles Edward and the 
 Highland clans who followed his standard. The burden of the old 
 song keeps his name still before us : 
 
 ' Hey, Johnnie Cope, are ye waking yet ? 
 
 Or are your drums a-beating yet ? 
 
 If you were waking I would wait 
 
 To gang to the coals i' the morning.' 
 
 The rate-books of 1749 give the name of 'John Cope, Esq.' 
 
 A far more worthy inhabitant of the square some few years later 
 (1760) was General Oglethorpe. This celebrated character of the 
 * Current Notes, November, 1857.
 
 3 6 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 last century was born in 1698, and after entering the army served 
 under Prince Eugene against the Turks. His activity in settling 
 the colony of Georgia obtained for him the immortality of Pope's 
 well-known panegyric : 
 
 ' One, driven by strong benevolence of soul, 
 Shall fly, like Oglethorpe, from pole to pole.' 
 
 The General survived till 1785. 
 
 Field-Marshal Conway, Walpole's well-known correspondent, 
 resided on the east side, in the large house now divided into two and 
 numbered 25 and 26. The Honourable Seymour Conway, only 
 brother of the Earl of Hertford, Groom of the Bedchamber, was 
 dismissed, April 1764, from Court, and his regiment taken away, on 
 account of his opposition to Government on the question of general 
 warrants. He was considered an upright and respectable Minister, 
 but had few opportunities of evincing military talent. He had been 
 employed in the unsuccessful expedition against Rochefort. He 
 died in 1795. A comedy, said to have been written by him, 
 called False Appearances^ afterwards taking the title of Fashionable 
 Friends^ found among Lord Orford's papers, was acted at Strawberry 
 Hill. 
 
 The fine house, No. 20, on the east side, already referred to as 
 White House, is perhaps one of the most interesting in the square. 
 One of its earliest inhabitants, if not its builder, was Thomas 
 Bellasyse, Viscount and afterwards Earl of Falconberg. On the 
 1 8th of November, 1657, this nobleman married Mary, the third 
 daughter of Oliver Cromwell. The ceremony (which is cele- 
 brated by Andrew Marvell in two pastoral eclogues of indifferent 
 merit) was performed publicly at Hampton Court by one of the 
 Protector's chaplains, with great pomp and magnificence. 
 
 There is, in Huge's Letters, an amusing passage connected with 
 Lord Falconberg's marriage, which must be given in the words of 
 the writer :
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 37 
 
 ' Jeremy White was Oliver's chaplain, and he was, besides, the chief 
 wag and joker of his solemn court. As the Protector condescended to be 
 very merry with Jerry, he said to him one day, " You know the Viscount 
 Falconberg?" " Perfectly well," said Jerry. "I am going to marry my 
 daughter Mary to him: what do you think of the matter?" "I think, 
 sir," said Jerry, " why, I think he will never make your Highness a grand- 
 father." "I am sorry for that, Jerry; why, how do you know?" "Sir," 
 said Jerry, " I speak in confidence to your Highness : there are certain 
 defects in Lord Falconberg that will always prevent his making you a 
 grandfather, let him do what he can." As this discovery was not made to 
 the young lady, but to the old Protector, it did not at all retard the com- 
 pletion of the match, which Oliver found in all outward respects suitable 
 and convenient. So he left the lord and lady to settle the account of defects 
 as they might. 
 
 Not long after, Oliver, in a bantering way, told the whole secret with 
 which White had intrusted him before company, which Lord Falconberg 
 turned off with a joke as well as he could, whilst his heart in secret was 
 waxing exceeding wroth against Jeremiah the prophet. Instigated by this 
 wrath, Lord Falconberg sent a message next day to Jerry to desire his 
 company ; with which invitation Jerry immediately complied, never 
 suspecting that Oliver had betrayed the secret. Lord Falconberg received 
 him in his study, the door of which he first locked, and then, with much 
 anger in his countenance, and a stout cane in his hand, he accosted Jerry. 
 *' You rascal, how dare you tell such mischievous lies of me as you have 
 done to the Protector, that I could never make him a grandfather ! I am 
 determined to break every bone in your skin : what can you say for your- 
 self? what excuse can you make?" All this while the cane kept flourishing 
 over Jerry's head, who, instead of a day of dainties which he hoped to find 
 at my lord's table, would have been glad to save the drubbing on his 
 shoulders by going away with an empty belly. " What can you say for 
 yourself? " cried Lord Falconberg. " My lord," said Jerry, " you are too 
 angry for me to hope for mercy ; but surely you cannot be too angry to 
 forget justice : only prove, by getting a child, that I told the Protector a 
 lie, you may then inflict the punishment with justice, and I will bear it 
 with patience : and if you want exercise for your cane, you may lay it over 
 the Protector's shoulders, if you please, for betraying me." My lord, who
 
 38 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 
 
 knew in his conscience that Jerry had told only an unseasonable truth, 
 laughed and forgave him.' 
 
 Lady Falconberg, like most of her brothers and sisters, appears 
 to have been at heart a Royalist ; and, though it is evident by her 
 letters that she had imbibed some of the fashionable cant of 
 Puritanism, yet she probably despised it in her soul. Granger was 
 informed by one who knew her, that when in London she attended 
 the Established Church at St. Anne's, Soho j and when in the 
 country, went to church at Chiswick. 
 
 On the death of the Protector she shed abundant tears ; but they 
 were soon dried up, and on the abdication of her brother Richard,, 
 she commenced busily exerting herself in favour of the Restoration. 
 After that event, her husband, becoming a courtier, was appointed 
 by Charles II. ambassador to Italy. Both Lord Falconberg and his 
 lady seem to have entered heartily into the gay scenes of life. In 
 1663, Pepys saw them at the theatre. c Here,' he says, c I saw my 
 Lord Falconberg and his lady, who looks as well as I have known 
 her, and well clad; but when the house began to fill she put on her 
 vizard, and so kept it on all the play ; which of late is become a 
 great fashion among the ladies, which hides their whole face.' 
 
 John Macky, in his Tour through England^ mentions his having 
 seen Lady Falconberg in her old age at Sutton Court, the family 
 seat c I saw here,' he says, c that curious piece of antiquity, the 
 daughter of Oliver Cromwell, still fresh and gay, though of great 
 age.' Lord Falconberg died in 1700, and his widow survived till 
 the I4th of March, 1712, a few months before the death of her 
 brother Richard, about the seventy- sixth year of her age. She left 
 everything in her power away from her husband's relations, and, 
 among other things, the London residence of the family, Falconberg 
 House, in Soho Square. Some interesting relics, however, de- 
 scended to the last heir of the Falconbergs, among which was the 
 sword worn by the Protector at the battle of Naseby. 
 
 The site of Falconberg House in Soho Square has been ascer-
 
 THE BUILDING OF SOHO. 39 
 
 tained by an examination of the rate-books, the records of the 
 Sewer's Office, &c., and by comparing the various dates and names 
 appertaining to the inhabitants of the square at an early period. The 
 want of numbers to the houses in these documents has rendered this 
 a task of some difficulty, but it is pretty certain that the result is 
 correct. 
 
 At the back of the east side of the square were retained, until 
 recent years, the names of Falconberg Street, Falconberg Court, 
 Falconberg Mews, &c. 
 
 For several years after the death of Lady Falconberg the mansion 
 in Soho Square was occupied by Sir Thomas Frankland, Bart., her 
 husband's nephew. We learn this from Macky's Journey through 
 England, 1714, where, speaking of Soho Square, he says: 'The 
 Earl of Carlisle, the Lords Foley, Faulconbridge (now Sir Thomas 
 Frankland), Lord Mansel, the Earls of Gainsborough and Barclay, 
 with many other persons of the first quality, have their hostels there.' 
 
 This gentleman, who sat in several Parliaments for Thirsk, in 
 the North Riding of Yorkshire, was for many years Governor of 
 the Post Office in the reigns of William and Mary, Anne, &c., and 
 improved the revenue many thousands a year more than it had ever 
 been before, even in the most flourishing times. He was the first 
 who directed a correspondence with Spain, Portugal, &c., and all our 
 foreign plantations. He died 2Qth of October, 1726. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1732, died at his son's house in Soho 
 Square, Thomas Parker, Earl of Macclesfield, sometime Lord 
 Chancellor of England. It was an extraordinary event that Lord 
 Macclesfield, one of the great ornaments of the peerage, who had so 
 long presided at the administration of justice, should himself be 
 arraigned as a criminal, be convicted of malpractices, and sentenced 
 to pay a fine of 3O,ooo/. as a punishment for his offences ; that a 
 second Lord Chancellor of England should be impeached by the 
 grand inquest of the nation for corruption in office, and be, like his 
 great predecessor, Lord St. Albans, found guilty of the charge.
 
 4 
 
 THE BUILDING OF SO HO. 
 
 The prosecution was carried on with great virulence ; and though 
 rigid justice indeed demanded a severe sentence, yet party zeal and 
 personal animosity were supposed to have had their weight in that 
 which was passed upon him. The whole fine was exacted, and 
 actually paid by his lordship and his son, notwithstanding the 
 favourable disposition that was shown in a certain quarter to relieve 
 him in part by a considerable donation. It is certain there had been 
 gross mismanagement in the offices of the Masters in Chancery, by 
 which the suitors had been great sufferers ; and it appeared that 
 these places had been sometimes conferred upon persons who had 
 indirectly paid for them a valuable consideration. The public cry 
 against corruption in high stations was loud and long j and it was 
 not thought prudent to stay the proceedings against the supreme 
 judge in the kingdom. The statute on which the Chancellor was 
 impeached had, indeed, grown into disuse, but it was still a law a 
 breach of it was proved, and the consequence was inevitable. 
 
 Lord Macclesfield was a man of learning and a patron of it. 
 Bishop Pearce, of Rochester, among others, owed his first intro- 
 duction to preferment to his lordship's encouragement. He was also 
 very eminent for his skill in his profession, but rather great than 
 amiable in his general character. The latter years of his life were 
 spent in a learned retirement, chiefly at the mansion of his son in 
 Soho Square.* 
 
 * The Rev. Mark Noble's Biographical History of England, in continuation of Granger, 
 iii. 190.
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 MRS. CORNELYS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 The origin of Mrs. Comely s Her first visit to England 
 She rents Carlisle House, and commences her series of 
 Masquerades, &c. She is fined fifty pounds Her 
 influence decays She dies in the Fleet Prison. 
 
 THE history of Mrs. Cornelys, and the memories which are 
 associated with her residence at Carlisle House, form one of 
 the most conspicuous and brilliant chapters in the story of Soho 
 Square. Her name, more than any other, stands out with promi- 
 nence during what may be justly called the golden age of Soho. 
 Her entertainments and assemblies attracted the most eminent, 
 and in every way the most remarkable, characters who moved in the 
 social world around her. 
 
 The following facts about the life of this woman are taken 
 mainly from Mr. T. Mackinlay's privately printed brochure, Mrs. 
 Comely? Entertainments at Carlisle House, Soho Square* 
 
 The biographical facts which have come down to us regarding 
 Mrs. Cornelys are unusually scanty for one who created a vast 
 sensation in the world of fashion during a portion of the latter half 
 of the eighteenth century. The only way in which her career can 
 be related and illustrated is by a careful gleaning of the* numerous 
 advertisements and paragraphs inserted in the different newspapers 
 and magazines during the various epochs of her sway. These have 
 been chronologically arranged and interspersed with occasional 
 
 * Dr. Rimbault made several important contributions to that work.
 
 42 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 anecdotes and comments, in such a way, it is hoped, as to throw 
 some amount of light on the manners and customs of the fashionable 
 world for the period of nearly a quarter of a century. 
 
 Mrs. Cornelys was the daughter of an actor named Imer. She 
 was born at Venice in 1723, and received the Christian name of 
 Teresa. At the age of seventeen she became the mistress of the 
 senator, Malipiero. At the age of thirty she held the same relation 
 to the Margrave of Baireuth, notwithstanding that at that time she 
 was married to a dancer of the name of Pompeati. For a time she 
 had the direction of all the theatres in the Austrian Netherlands. 
 The autobiographical Memoires de Jacques Casanova de Seingalt a 
 book which is full of marvellous statements, many of doubtful credit, 
 and descriptive of scenes anything but moral in their character 
 informs us that this lady was known at Vienna as Madame 
 Pompeati, at Amsterdam as Madame Trend, and in London as 
 Madame Cornelys. He also says, ' She derived the latter name from 
 her marriage with M. Cornelis de Rigerboos at Amsterdam.' Some 
 further curious particulars of this lady given in the memoirs will be 
 noticed in the proper place. 
 
 The date of this lady's first visit to England is not exactly 
 known, but it is certain that she was here in 1746, when she sang 
 at the King's Theatre in Gluck's opera, La Gaduta de Giganti. Dr. 
 Burney incidentally mentions the fact in his record, of the doings of 
 this establishment, and it is singular that the following passage should 
 have been overlooked for so long by all who have written about this 
 lady : ' 1 746. There was no opera attempted at the great theatre 
 in the Hay-market till January 7th, when La Caduta de Giganti, set 
 by Gluck, was performed before the Duke of Cumberland, in 
 compliment to whom the whole was written and composed. The 
 singers were Monticelli, Jozzi, and Ciacchi ; with Signora Imer, 
 Pompeati, afterwards better known by the name of Madame Cornells^ 
 and Frasi. The first woman, Imer, never surpassed mediocrity in 
 voice, taste, or action, and the Pompeati, though nominally second
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 43 
 
 woman, had such a masculine and violent manner of singing that 
 few female symptoms were perceptible.' 
 
 We lose sight of Mrs. Cornelys for some years, so that it is 
 probable she returned to the Continent in 1746, or soon after. In 
 1753, according to Casanova, she was in Vienna. There are on 
 record two other instances of her appearance as a singer : one on 
 February 26th, 1761, when an advertisement announced that she 
 would take part, as Madame Pompeati, at the Music Room in Dean 
 Street, for the benefit of a Signer Siprutini ; and again on February 
 zgth, 1764, at the Chapel of the Lock Hospital, in Dr. Arne's 
 oratorio, Judith. 
 
 It was in 1760 (not 1762 or 1763, as generally stated) that 
 Mrs. Cornelys made choice of Carlisle House as the scene of her 
 projected series of entertainments. This magnificent mansion was 
 in every way suited to the purpose of assemblies on a grand scale, 
 and here she succeeded in obtaining the most lavish patronage of 
 every high-born leader of ton and lover of gaiety, which clung to her 
 establishment for a number of years, and which establishment one 
 of her contemporaries no doubt accurately describes when he states 
 that it was ' so well contrived for diversified amusement that no other 
 Public Entertainments could pretend to rival its attractions.' 
 
 The first meetings of the ' Society,' as the subscribers were 
 termed, took place in 1760; and they were probably arranged by 
 private understanding, as no advertisements appeared in the papers. 
 The third and fourth meetings of the ' Society ' are announced in the 
 Public Advertiser of December 3Oth, 1760, in the following words : 
 4 The Nobility and Gentry, Subscribers to the Society in Soho 
 Square, are acquainted that the third Meeting is on Thursday next, 
 and the fourth on the I5th of January, 1761. To begin at seven 
 o'clock.' 
 
 After this, the advertisements regularly appear, and on the 4th of 
 May we have the following announcement : c Mrs. Cornelys' Ball 
 will be this day, the 4th of May [1761]. Tickets to be had at her
 
 44 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 House in Soho Square by Subscribers to the present Society or by their 
 order. There will be a Ball in both rooms, and cards below stairs.' 
 The following paragraph exhibits how well qualified Mrs. 
 Cornelys was, by tact, to rally round her and retain as patrons 
 and patronesses the influential personages appertaining to the aristo- 
 cracy : knowing well, as an acute woman of the world, the influence 
 possessed from time immemorial by ' the upper servants of persons of 
 fashion,' she very judiciously gives them a ball, and contrives in her 
 notice to compliment their masters and mistresses: 
 
 ' On Saturday last, Mrs. Cornelys gave a Ball at Carlisle House, to 
 the upper servants of persons of fashion, as a token of the sense she has 
 of her obligations to the nobility and gentry, for their generous subscrip- 
 tion to her assembly. The company consisted of 220 persons, who made 
 up fourscore couple in country dances ; and as scarce anybody was idle 
 on this occasion, the rest sat down to cards.' (February i8th, 1763.) 
 
 The great and rapid increase in Mrs. Cornelys' popularity, and 
 of the patronage bestowed upon her during her fifth year, is evinced 
 by the advertisements announcing the future meetings. In these, 
 she appears anxious to preserve the character of her assemblages by 
 the wish she expresses that her subscribers who lend their tickets 
 should write on them the names of the parties to whom they were 
 lent. 
 
 Careless driving appears to have been quite as prevalent in those 
 days as at the present period, as we find Mrs. Cornelys gracefully 
 insinuating a hope that her patrons will, by their directions to their 
 coachmen and chairmen, be brought as 4 prudently ' to her doors as 
 possible a quaint but appropriate phrase -as, however desirous 
 Mrs. Cornelys might have been of seeing things ' prudently ' con- 
 ducted outside her doors, Prudence she would have considered a most 
 unwelcome and unprofitable guest if introduced into her rooms. 
 Her last line, in which she pathetically * hopes that the hackney 
 chairmen will make no disturbance,' affords us an amusing insight
 
 MRS. CORNELrS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 45 
 
 into the unsatisfactory state of * the police ' in those days. The 
 following advertisement appeared on January 3rd, 1764: 
 
 ' Mrs. Cornelys begs leave to acquaint the Nobility and Gentry, sub- 
 scribers to the Society in Soho Square, that the third Meeting will be on 
 Thursday, the 5th instant. The colour of the tickets is Buff, wrote upon 
 the back " Third Meeting." Mrs. Cornelys hopes that those Subscribers 
 that lend their tickets will write the name of the person upon the back of 
 the said ticket to whom they have lent it, to prevent any mistake. Mrs. 
 Cornelys humbly hopes that the Nobility and Gentry, &c., will be pleased 
 to order that their Coachmen and Chairmen will prudently bring them to 
 the door, for fear of breaking either coach or chairs, as she takes as much 
 care as is in her power to prevent any accident that may happen. Also 
 the Nobility and Gentry, &c., Coaches and Hackney Chairs are to stay at 
 the door in the Square, all towards the side of Greek Street, to let the 
 passage be free for the Ladies' Chairs to go to the door in Sutton Street. 
 And she hopes that the Hackney Chairmen will make no disturbance.' 
 
 We now arrive at an important feature in Mrs. Cornelys' meet- 
 ings the introduction of vocal and instrumental music, of which 
 the following advertisement states the postponement : ' The Grand 
 Concert of Vocal and Instrumental Music and Ball, which was to 
 have been on Thursday, the 23rd instant, is (by particular desire) 
 postponed till Friday, the 24th. The Subscribers to the Society 
 may have Tickets of Mrs. Cornelys.' (February i6th, 1764.) 
 
 At a very early period of her career, Mrs. Cornelys appears to 
 have become involved in quarrels and disputes, and seems to have 
 been threatened with having the 'Alien Act' put in force against 
 her. Her fears produced the following humble appeal to the bene- 
 volent feelings of her patrons : 
 
 ' Mrs. Cornelys begs leave to acquaint the Nobility and Gentry, Sub- 
 scribers to the Society in Soho Square, that (by desire) the eleventh meeting 
 is postponed to the I7th day of May next. And whereas it has been 
 industriously reported, to the disadvantage of Mrs. Cornelys, that she has 
 expressed herself dissatisfied with a subscription now on foot to build a
 
 46 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 large Room in opposition to hers, she esteems it her duty in this public 
 manner to declare that she never once entertained a thought so unjust and 
 unreasonable. She let her house with the greatest willingness and pleasure, 
 for the accommodation of the Nobility aud Gentry, for the Wednesday 
 Night's Concert; and so far from presuming to make any complaint, she 
 humbly begs leave to return thanks for the honour done her already. Her 
 house and best services are at their command, until they have completed 
 their own. She humbly hopes she has not been wanting in duty and 
 gratitude to her protectors, and cannot sufficiently be thankful for the 
 comforts she enjoys in this happy country, which she hopes never to leave.' 
 (March, 1764.) 
 
 Some idea of the magnificence of Mrs. Cornelys' mode of living 
 may be gleaned from Casanova's Memoires before mentioned. He 
 tells us that she kept three secretaries, a female confidente, a dumb 
 attendant, and thirty - two ordinary servants. We know from 
 Taylor's Records of My Life, that she had a country house at 
 Hammersmith j and Casanova tells us she kept six horses. Allud- 
 ing to her entertainments, the latter says, c She gave twelve balls 
 annually to the nobility and gentry, besides twelve more to the 
 people. She had sometimes as many as six hundred in her saloon 
 at one time at two guineas a head ! ' 
 
 The allusion in the appeal, just quoted, to 'the subscription 
 now on foot to build a large room,' refers to Almack's room in King 
 Street, St. James's. Horace Wai pole, in a letter to George 
 Montague (December i6th, 1764), says: 'Mrs. Cornelys, appre- 
 hending the future assembly at Almack's, has enlarged her vast 
 room, and hung it with blue satin, and another with yellow satin ; 
 but Almack's room, which is to be ninety feet long, proposes to 
 swallow up both hers, as easily as Moses' rod gobbled down those 
 of the magicians/ 
 
 The two following paragraphs, of the year 1765, afford some 
 idea of the extent and luxury of Mrs. Cornelys' establishment: 
 
 'It is said the alterations and additions to Carlisle House, in Soho
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 47 
 
 Square, performing by Messrs. Phillips and Shakespeare, together with all 
 the new embellishments and furniture adding thereto by Mrs. Cornelys, 
 will this year alone amount to little less than 2OOO/., and that, when finished, 
 it will be by far the most magnificent place of public entertainment in 
 Europe.' (June, 1765.) 
 
 ' We are told that Mrs. Cornelys, amongst her other elegant alterations, 
 has devised the most curious, singular, and superb ceiling to one of the 
 rooms that ever was executed or even thought of.' (November, 1765.) 
 
 Her advertisements at this period still manifest a most praise- 
 worthy regard for the comfort and health of her subscribers. In 
 one of March 2ist, 1765, she promises them 'Tea below stairs and 
 ventilators abovej by which, as she says, l the present complaints of 
 excessive heat will be obviated, without subjecting the Subscribers 
 to the least danger of catching cold ; ' and in an advertisement of 
 March 28th she suggests a preventive to the breaking of glasses 
 in the ladies' chairs by the adoption of blinds or shutters. 
 
 Mrs. Cornelys' exertions to amuse the nobility and gentry were 
 crowned with the most complete success. In 1766 her concerts, 
 under the direction of Messrs. Bach and Abel, were well attended, 
 while her c Society Nights ' were so numerously patronised as to 
 require the contrivance of an additional door in the square. 
 
 The following curious letter is very characteristic of the elderly 
 citizens of those days, and shows how inimical Mrs. Cornelys' 
 gaieties were to the steady-going sons of commerce who dwelt east 
 of Temple Bar. 
 
 ' To THE PRINTER OF THE " PUBLIC ADVERTISER." 
 
 ' Sir, Being at one of the Coffee-houses near the Royal Exchange, this 
 morning, according to custom, I could not help observing two young 
 fellows, both attorney's clerks, that sat near me, expiating upon the ele- 
 gance, magnificence, and politeness of Mrs. Comely ? Assembly in Soho Square, 
 and at the same time said she was coming into the City, and then they 
 would subscribe : at which declaration, I own I was greatly alarmed, but 
 could get no further intelligence of it than she had taken a place in Bishops-
 
 48 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 gate Street, whither I immediately posted to learn if there was any truth 
 in it, and, to my great amazement, found it strictly true, that a Court 
 within Bishopsgate, and some houses adjoining, were purchased to pull 
 down, and be rebuilt for Assembly Rooms by Mrs. Cornelys. 
 
 ' O monstrous absurdity ! in a street ! in the situation of that street ! that 
 has been hitherto a place of as much trade and commerce as any in the 
 City of London ; and to be appropriated to idleness and extravagance. 
 What an age of depravity and corruption do we live in ; how opposite are we 
 getting to that industry, uprightness, and proper management of business for 
 which the Metropolis has ever been so famous. But, I am sorry to say it, 
 we must be lost, lost in reputation, both at home and abroad, from such 
 degeneracy and compliances as these ; and in a few ages trade must be 
 totally ruined a foundation, from the King to the peasant, which all must 
 stand on. I plead a cause that every man of business must acknowledge is 
 just ; but as it is confined entirely to the worthy Aldermen and Common 
 Council whether a licence is granted, I am induced to think it will not take 
 place, and revive at the reflection, that upon their maturely weighing and 
 considering this affair in its true light and circumstances, they will entirely 
 put a stop to such injurious proceedings. 
 
 'You will very much oblige a daily customer to your paper, Mr. Woodfall, 
 if you will give this a place as soon as possible ; not that I am interested in 
 the affair, but a well-wisher to the prosperity of the City in general, and 
 hope, through the channel of your paper, to see some abler penman handle 
 this subject more properly. 
 
 ' I am, Sir, your humble servant, 
 
 ' March \ $tb, 1 766. A CITIZEN.' 
 
 On December 8th, 1766, Mrs. Cornelys deemed it judicious to 
 insert in the newspapers of the time a very long and high-flown 
 statement, accusing her enemies of still continuing their malevolent 
 attacks, and concluding with the offer of a reward of one hundred 
 pounds for the discovery of the origin of a malicious report alleging 
 that she had just absconded to France with many thousand pounds, to 
 the ruin of her creditors. 
 
 The ensuing year appears chiefly to have been distinguished by 
 the introduction of ten Monday night balls during the winter season.
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 49 
 
 In the Fashionable Intelligence communicated (April i6th, 1768) 
 to the Daily Advertiser^ is the following statement, which proves the 
 high patronage bestowed on Mrs. Cornelys : 
 
 ' On Thursday last, there was a remarkably brilliant assembly at Mrs. 
 Cornelys', in Soho Square. There were present (besides some of the Royal 
 Family) many of the Foreign Ministry and First Nobility, the Prince of 
 Monaco, and two or three of the principal gentlemen in his Serene Highness's 
 train. The Prince seem astonished at the profusion of taste, elegance, and 
 expence displayed throughout the house, and declared his perfect approbation 
 of the assembly, as by far exceeding the highest of his expectations, or what 
 he could have possibly conceived of any place of entertainment of that 
 nature.' (April i6th, 1768.) 
 
 In the August following, his Majesty the King of Denmark and 
 suite honoured Mrs. Cornelys with a visit, on which occasion the 
 rooms were brilliantly illuminated. 
 
 In January, 1769, a new Gallery for the dancing of Cotillions 
 and Allemandes, and a suite of new rooms adjoining, were opened, at 
 an additional expense of one guinea per annum to the subscribers. 
 
 On June 6th, a festival and grand concert, under the direction 
 of Giardini, together with illuminations in honour of the King's 
 birthday, took place, the admission tickets to which were one 
 guinea (a high price in those days). 
 
 The year 1770, together with the two succeeding years, were 
 the climacteric of Mrs. Cornelys' celebrity. Now it was that galas, 
 concerts, masquerades, and festivals, all equally splendid, succeeded 
 each other throughout the season. 
 
 On the 22nd January, 1770, a grand illuminated gala was given 
 to celebrate the Queen's birthday. 
 
 On the 27th February, a masquerade, unrivalled in those days in 
 point of elegance and magnificence, took place ; concerning which,, 
 the following interesting particulars appeared a few days after the 
 occurrence : 
 
 ' Monday night, the principal nobility and gentry of this kingdom, to- 
 
 E
 
 5 o MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 the number of near eight hundred, were present at the masked ball at 
 Mrs. Cornelys' in Soho ^Square, given by the gentlemen of the Tuesday 
 Night's Club, held at the Star and Garter Tavern in Pall Mall. Soho 
 Square and the adjacent streets were lined with thousands of people, whose 
 curiosity led them to get a sight of the persons going to the masquerade ; 
 nor was any coach or chair suffered to pass unreviewed, the windows being 
 obliged to be let down, and lights held up to display the figures to more 
 advantage. At nine o'clock the doors of the house were opened, and from 
 that time for about three or four hours the company continued to pour into 
 the assembly. At twelve the lower rooms were opened ; in these were 
 prepared the sideboards, containing sweetmeats and a cold collation, in 
 which elegance was more conspicuous than profusion. The feast of the 
 night was calculated rather to gratify the eye than the stomach, and seemed 
 to testify the conductor's sense of its being prepared almost on the eve of 
 Ash Wednesday. The richness and brilliancy of the dresses were almost 
 beyond imagination; nor did any assembly ever exhibit a collection of more 
 elegant and beautiful female figures. Among them were Lady Waldegrave, 
 Lady Pembroke, the Duchess of Hamilton, Mrs. Crewe, Mrs. Hodges, 
 Lady Almeria Carpenter, &c. Some of the most remarkable figures were 
 a Highlander (Mr. R. Conway) ; a double man, half miller, half chimney- 
 sweeper (Sir R. Phillips) ; a Political Bedlamite, run mad for Wilkes and 
 Liberty and No. 45 ; a figure of Adam in flesh-coloured silk, with an apron 
 of fig-leaves ; a Druid (Sir W. W. Wynne); a figure of Somebody; a figure 
 of Nobody ; a running Footman, very richly dressed, with a cap set with 
 diamonds, and the words " Tuesday Night's Club " in the front (the Earl of 
 Carlisle) ; His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester in the old English 
 habit, with a star on the cloak ; Midas (Mr. James, the Painter) ; Miss 
 Monckton, daughter to Lord Galloway, appeared in the character of an 
 Indian Sultana, in a robe of cloth of gold and a rich veil. The seams of 
 her habit were embroidered with precious stones, and she had a magnificent 
 cluster of diamonds on her head; the jewels she wore were valued at 
 ^30,000. The Duke of Devonshire was very fine, but in no particular 
 character. Captain Nugent, of the Guards, in the character of Mungo, 
 greatly diverted the company. The Countess Dowager of Waldegrave wore 
 a dress richly trimmed with beads and pearls, in the character of Jane Shore. 
 Her Grace of Ancastcr claimed the attention of all the company in the dress
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 51 
 
 of Mandane. The Countess of Pomfret, in the character of a Greek Sultana, 
 and the two Miss Fredericks, who accompanied her as Greek slaves, made a 
 complete group. The Duchess of Bolton in the character of Diana, was 
 
 captivating. Lord Edg b, in the character of an Old Woman, was full 
 
 as lovely as his lady in that of a Nun. Lady Stanhope, as Melpomene, was 
 a striking fine figure ; Lady Augusta Stuart as a Vestal, and Lady Caroline 
 as a Fille de Patmos, showed that true elegance may be expressed without 
 gold and diamonds. The Chimney-sweeper, Quack Doctor, and a Friar 
 acquitted themselves with much entertainment to the company. About 
 two o'clock the company began to depart, in effecting which there was 
 great difficulty. We hear that two Great Personages were complimented 
 with two tickets for Monday night's masquerade, which they very politely 
 returned. Most of the carriages that came to the masquerade were chalked 
 by the populace with " Wilkes and Liberty." ' 
 
 As a specimen of the ballad poetry then sung at masquerades, a 
 duet is here given, which was rendered on this festive occasion. 
 
 ' Copy of the Duet sung by two Ladies in the Dresses of Ballad Singers, at the 
 grand Masquerade, in Soho Square, on Monday last. 
 ' What a motley generation 
 
 Sprung from fancy's teeming brain, 
 Shifting age, and sex, and station 
 Swarm within this magic plain ! 
 
 ' Sport, ye children of delusion, 
 In the beams of mimic fun ; 
 Well its brilliant gay effusion 
 May supply the absent sun. 
 
 ' Sport, nor call it masquerade, 
 
 Where from all detection free, 
 Ev'ry heart is disarray'd, 
 
 Whose complexions none can see. 
 
 ' May those who (habits us'd to borrow) 
 
 Cannot prove to-night sincere, 
 Be, when dress'd for life to-morrow, 
 Perfectly what they appear.'
 
 52 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 The splendid gaieties of the Masquerade were repeated on the 
 yth May following. Who was 4 the lady of high quality ' alluded to 
 in the next paragraph can only now be a matter of conjecture 
 possibly it was Miss Monckton, a daughter of Lord Galloway. 
 
 ' It is said a lady of high quality intends appearing at the Soho 
 Masquerade, on the Jth of May, in the character of an Indian Princess, 
 most superbly dressed, and decorated with jewels and pearls to upwards of 
 ioo,oco/. value. Her suite is to consist of three young black female slaves, of 
 different heights and ages, holding up her train, and two young black male 
 slaves, supporting a grand canopy over her head ; the whole together, it is 
 thought, will form the most sumptuous and striking masque that ever 
 appeared at any ball. The dresses are now making in Tavistock Street.' 
 (1770.) 
 
 An article in the Public Advertiser furnishes a slight account of 
 some of the characters, accompanied by explanatory criticism. 
 
 ' A Domino has favoured us with the following particulars of the Soho 
 Square assembly on Wednesday last. The company were not so numerous, 
 nor so many of the nobility present, as at the Opera House, yet this was 
 far more in the true spirit of a masquerade than that of any former one, on 
 account of the ease and freedom that reigned through the whole. 
 
 'Mrs. Cornelys' taste never appeared with greater eclat than in the 
 arrangement of the lights, and the economy of the supper and desert, where 
 plenty and elegance went hand in hand. The new rooms were capacious 
 and genteel, and well adapted for such an occasion. Among the characters 
 
 the best supported was Lord Ogleby by Mr. R (and not Lord 
 
 Chalkstone, as has been mentioned). He kept up the genuine spirit of the 
 character with the greatest propriety the whole night without a masque ; 
 and his gallantry to the ladies, which was rather outre, afforded much 
 diversion. A Canton would certainly have rendered him the compleatest 
 character that ever shone in any motley group. Mr. Oliver changed his 
 dress from a Ballad-singer to Doll, and was very droll. Cardinal Wolsey 
 was a great teizer to many of the insipids, and displayed much wit. 
 Abraham Snip, by Mr. Vaughan, was justly regarded as one of the most 
 capital characters in the room. Miss G , in Leonora, looked charming ;
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 53 
 
 she sung the favourite air in the Padlock with great sweetness. The 
 situation of her pretty tame bird was envied by many. Mr. Andrews, in 
 the dress of a Calmuck Tartar, was taken great notice of: the character he 
 supported extremely well. The Lady run mad for the loss of her lover 
 was a character well sustained for some time ; but she soon recovered her 
 senses : no other madhouse could have administered more effectual remedies. 
 The Two Jockies, who pretended to be just arrived from Newmarket, were 
 very little knowing in any respect, and seemed more calculated for a country 
 Hop than the Turf. The Nurse with the child was rather diverting, but 
 the brat very noisy and troublesome. Most of the dominoes performed the 
 part of the Dumb Men extremely well.' (May I9th, 1770.) 
 
 The same paper also supplies, on the last day of May in the 
 same year, a Satirical Letter, descriptive of one of Mrs. Cornelys' 
 Masquerades, written with more truth than taste. 
 
 ' To THE PRINTER OF THE " PUBLIC ADVERTISER." 
 
 ' Sir, You are desired to inform the Public, that Mrs. Cornelys' great 
 Shew Box, which was exhibited on Monday, the I3th instant, to the Grown 
 Children of Fashion about this Town, is larger by several square feet than 
 those usually carried about the streets for the Diversion of School-boys and 
 pretty Misses. The figures were large as Life, and made to move and look 
 so like Nature, that they might have been almost mistaken for rational 
 creatures. 
 
 * The Box, which was made as fine as Candles and Glass, and Paper 
 and Tinsel could make it, contained, it is said, several hundred of these 
 Figures, which appeared in variety of Dresses, and by the art of the Skew- 
 woman, who directs the whole, were made to speak, or rather squeak, in 
 several characters, to the Admiration of all Beholders. Some of the 
 Puppets strutted like Princes and Nobles in stately Dominoes, as Princes 
 and Nobles in real Life often act the part of Puppets. Others, with faces 
 as leud as Punch's, appeared in the Habits of Fryars, Nuns, Pilgrims, and 
 Quakers. Some knowing Figures, commonly called Geniuses, acted, 
 without degrading themselves, the Part of Chimney-sweepers and Hackney- 
 coachmen, almost as naturally as they are done in the Street. Others, 
 the favourite Puppets of Madame Cornelys, wickedly represented the State 
 of Innocence before the use of the Fig-Leaf; and others were so hardy as
 
 54. MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 to take off the Devil, the Father of Disguise and Grand Patron of 
 Masquerades ; who, if they do not mend their Minds and Manners, it is 
 thought will ere long return the Compliment and take them off in his Turn. 
 It is impossible, Mr. Woodfall, to do justice in a short Description to this 
 grand Babel Rout, which would exceed all belief of the little Vulgar, since 
 it amazes even the Great themselves. 
 
 'To help their conceptions to some faint idea of the Intoxication of 
 such a Night's Entertainment, represent to them, if possible, the Heat 
 and Smell arising from Hogsheads of flaming Spermaceti, and Tons of 
 Meat and Drink. The Effluvia of Essence Bottles, perfumed Heads and 
 Handkerchiefs, together with all the natural and acquired odours issuing in 
 warm Weather and a great Crowd from fine Ladies and Gentlemen who 
 fare sumptuously everyday. A Combination of such high-flavoured Scents as 
 could not fail of proving a grateful Incense at this Shrine of Luxury, and 
 an exquisite Regale to all the Senses of Persons of high Taste and Fashion. 
 ' I am, Sir, your humble Servant, * OLD NOLL. 
 
 'May 31, 1770.' 
 
 Mrs. Cornelys commenced the year 1771 by a graceful act of 
 charity. She devoted a portion of the profits of her First Harmonic 
 Meeting to the purchase of coals for the poor of the parish in which 
 she resided. 
 
 The early part of February was signalised by a Masked Ball on 
 so grand a scale that in consequence of the large number of appli- 
 cations which were forwarded to her to view the preparations, she 
 was compelled to put advertisements in the newspapers refusing 
 admission to all. The following appeared on February 4th, 1771 : 
 
 * SOHO SQUARE. 
 
 * A great number of persons applying to see the house and the tables, 
 desert, and other preparations for the Masked Ball on Wednesday next, 
 renders it requisite to give this information, that absolutely no person 
 whomsoever can be admitted for that purpose, either previous to the night 
 or on it. The very great hindrance and inconvenience arising from the 
 admission of spectators will, Mrs. Cornelys is certain, be a sufficient motive 
 with her friends not to lay her under the painful necessity of refusing them ;
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 55 
 
 and this general notice, she flatters herself, will, of course, preclude all 
 future applications from strangers. 
 
 ' Many persons applying for tickets without having any orders for the 
 same, it becomes incumbent to observe, that this being a private Sub- 
 scription Ball, no person can be accommodated, on any consideration what- 
 soever, unless they produce an order for tickets under the Hand of a Peer, 
 Peeress, Foreign Minister, or one of the past or present Members of the 
 Soho Meetings or Concerts.' 
 
 Mrs. Cornelys' Masquerade on this occasion (February yth) was 
 attended by the whole of the fashionable portion of the aristocracy 
 of both sexes. The house was illuminated in the most splendid and 
 picturesque manner with nearly four thousand wax lights, and one 
 hundred musicians were dispersed throughout the rooms. A con- 
 temporary newspaper, the London Chronicle, gives the following 
 curious account of the revel : 
 
 ' Masquerade Intelligence. At the Masked Ball on Wednesday, at Soho, 
 were their Royal Highnesses the Dukes of Gloucester and Cumberland, the 
 Dukes of Buccleugh, Bolton, Manchester, &c., the Earls of Huntingdon, 
 Sandwich, Carlisle, Falmouth, Berkeley, Cholmondeley, Spencer, Barry- 
 more, Corke, March, Sussex, &c., Lords Bateman, Bolingbroke, Palmerston, 
 Molyneux, Aylmer, Grantham, Staverndale, Pigot, Craven, &c., Countesses 
 of Effingham, Berkeley, Aylesbury, Spencer, Corke, &c., &c., Lady Archer, 
 Lady Craven, Lady Charlotte Dundas, Lady Bridget Lane, &c., &c., the 
 Imperial, Danish, Hanoverian, and several Foreign Ministers. The Duke 
 of Bolton, in an Old Woman, sustained his character with much humour. 
 The Savoyard (Mr. Hooke) leading a Bear (Mr. Hodges) in a chain, 
 dancing to the music of the Savoyard's hurdy-gurdy, gave great entertain- 
 ment. Mr. Vaughan supported the Country Farmer with vast pleasantry 
 and a uniform adherence to nature. Mr. Webster, in the character of 
 Guiderius in Cymbeline, a masque greatly admired. Mr. J. Goodaker gave 
 great satisfaction (by the bulls he made) in the dress of an Irish Haymaker. 
 A Friar, whose face was the picture of luxury and voluptuousness, was 
 incessantly preaching up penitence and abstinence. Two pretty Quakers 
 did great execution, but they followed the Scriptural rule, for all their
 
 S 6 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 conversation was yea and nay ; they never felt the spirit till the champaign 
 was pushed about. Three gentlemen, as Dutchmen, supported their 
 characters with peculiar humour. The appearance of one masque (Col. 
 L tt 11) gave very high offence to the ladies, and he was not only pretty 
 warmly rallied, but reproved ; he appeared as a Dead Corpse in a shroud, 
 and walking (strange powers that give a dead corpse leave to walk !), his coffin 
 decorated with all its solemn ornaments. On the front was pasted the 
 following printed inscription : 
 
 " Mortals, attend ! This pale, unseemly spectre, 
 
 Three months ago was plump and stout as Hector. 
 
 Cornelys', Almack's, and the Coterie, 
 
 Caus'd, in the bloom of life, the change you see. 
 
 Oh ! shun harmonic rout and midnight revel, 
 
 Or you and I shall soon be on a level.'' 
 
 ' One lady gave the Colonel an excellent satiric stroke. Says she, 
 " Indeed, Colonel, you may aptly compare yourself to Hector, who have 
 found the means to hector a whole county out of its R pr sen ve ; but 
 your character of to-night will no doubt reconcile you to every freeholder 
 of Middlesex ; for you are certainly now the representative of what they all 
 most heartily wish you the reality." Among the company were also the 
 following characters : A Watchman, with candle and lanthorn, crying past 
 twelve o'clock, a long, dismal night, with a jolly Lady annexed, and a short, 
 bright night with a Friar in company ; three comical Devils, very tempting, 
 and two dry Devils, that every one avoided ; a Diana, who did more execu- 
 tion with her eyes than the bow which she held in her hand ; two beautiful 
 Novices, in white silk, were deservedly admired for the neatness of their 
 dress and comeliness of their persons, who were termed by several the Angels 
 of the place, in opposition to the Devils before mentioned. It was ob- 
 served that the men in general addressed the Devils more than the Angels, 
 and one noticing he had not heard one smart saying, another replied, " It 
 would be a miracle if he had, as none was said." ' 
 
 An interesting caricature of this masquerade has been pre- 
 served in an engraving. In the foreground we see the Duke of 
 Grafton, disguised as a postillion with cap and whip, and holding a 
 mask in his left hand. He is represented as being in conversation
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 57 
 
 with Lord North, who is also arrayed in masquerade attire. In the 
 group seen between the pillars are Lady Almeria Carpenter and Mrs. 
 Crewe, personating two Ballad Singers ; Garrick as a Doctor in the 
 Macaroni ,- and the Earl of Shelburn as Mulgrida, disguised in a 
 Turkish habit. 
 
 The pickpockets appear to have been very busy upon the occa- 
 sion of this masquerade. Ladies' pockets were cut off their dresses 
 in great numbers, and a contemporary newspaper records the fact 
 that one gentleman observed as many as nine empty pockets, robbed 
 of their contents and thrown into a corner out of the way. 
 
 The success which attended Mrs. Cornelys in her attempts to 
 provide high-class popular amusement was such as to cause no small 
 amount of jealousy and heart-burning among the proprietors of 
 other places of amusement, and it was not long before attempts 
 were made to work her ruin. 
 
 Information was laid against her, and Mrs. Cornelys had to 
 appear before the magistrate's bench at Bow Street to answer the 
 charge, 'That she does keep and maintain a common disorderly house, 
 and did permit and suffer divers loose, idle, and disorderly persons, 
 as well men as women, to be, and remain during the whole night, 
 rioting and otherwise misbehaving themselves. That she did keep 
 and maintain a Public Masquerade, without any license by her first 
 had and obtained for that purpose ; and did receive and harbour loose 
 and disorderly persons in masks in the said house ; and did wilfully 
 permit and suffer the last-mentioned persons in masks to make a 
 great noise and a tumult.' She was eventually fined fo/. 
 
 Mrs. Cornelys had, by instituting an Harmonic Meeting, placed 
 herself in direct rivalry with the Italian Opera House, the pro- 
 prietors of which were alarmed, and they applied to the magistrates 
 to suppress her new place of amusement. Sir John Fielding again 
 interfered in their behalf, took Guadani, the chief singer at Carlisle 
 House, into custody, and effectually put a stop to the whole pro- 
 ceedings.
 
 5 8 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 From this point, although her career was not ended, Mrs. 
 Cornelys began to lose her influence in the world of fashion. 
 Financial troubles soon cropped up as her patrons deserted her 
 rooms. Her enormous expenses continued, and her profits rapidly 
 fell off. In November, 1772, we find in the Gazette the name of 
 ' Teresa Cornelys, Carlisle House, St. Ann, Soho, dealer/ and the 
 next month her Temple of Festivity, and all its gorgeous contents, 
 were thus advertised to be sold by public auction : 
 
 'Carlisle House, Soho. At Twelve o'clock on Monday, the 1 4th 
 instant, by Order of the Assignees, Mr. Marshall will sell by Auction 
 on the Premises, in one Lot, All that extensive, commodious, and magnificent 
 House in Soho Square, lately occupied by Mrs. Cornelys, and used for the 
 public assemblies of the Nobility and Gentry. Together with all the rich 
 and elegant Furniture, Decorations, China, &c., thereunto belonging, too 
 well known and universally admired for their aptness and taste to require here 
 any public and extraordinary description thereof. Catalogues to be had at 
 the House, and at Mr. Marshall's, in St. Martin's Lane. The curiosity of 
 many to see the house, to prevent improper crowds, and the great damage 
 that might happen therefrom (and the badness of this season) by admitting 
 indifferent and disinterested people, must be an excuse to the public for the 
 Assignees ordering the Catalogues to be sold at 5^. each, which will admit 
 two to see the house, and from Monday, the /th instant, to the time of sale, 
 Sundays excepted, from ten in the morning to three in the afternoon, and 
 they hope no person or persons will take amiss being refused admittance with- 
 out Catalogues.' 
 
 The Pantheon, which was opened about this time, proved a 
 formidable rival to Mrs. Cornelys' entertainments. It was one of 
 the most splendid structures in the metropolis, and the novelty, 
 beauty, and variety of its attractions drew away many who had been 
 amongst Mrs. Cornelys' most influential patrons. 
 
 In 1773 and 1774 concerts and masquerades were given, but it 
 was not until the latter year that Mrs. Cornelys' name appears in 
 the advertisements as the manageress. In May of the same year
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 59 
 
 was advertised the sale by auction of a hotel at Southampton, formerly 
 in the possession of Mrs. Comely s ; and on December 8th, 1774, the 
 nobility and gentry were informed (by advertisement) c that the 
 Assemblies at Carlisle House will commence soon, under the con- 
 duct and direction of a New Manager.' Mrs. Cornelys, however, 
 gave, on May 3Oth, 1775, what she called c a Rural Masquerade.' 
 
 In the ensuing August ' Carlisle House, with or without its 
 furniture,' was advertised by Christie, the well-known auctioneer, to 
 be sold by private contract, and tickets admitting visitors to look 
 round the house were sold at five shillings each. 
 
 Mrs. Cornelys resumed her revels with great spirit in the year 
 1776. A Masked Ball was given on the igth February on a scale 
 of great grandeur and magnificence, and Lloyd's Evening Post, in 
 drawing attention to the forthcoming event, says : 
 
 ' We have Mrs. Cornelys' authority to give our readers the following 
 description of the ensuing Masked Ball, to be at Carlisle House the igth 
 inst. The whole house will be opened and illuminated at ten the entrance 
 as usual at the door to the square the tickets will be received at the door 
 of the front parlour the next room the company enters will be elegantly 
 illuminated with lamps, arranged in the manner of festoons, and a select 
 band of music then proceed to the Blue-room next, to the Red-room, 
 which is very spacious, elegant, and ornamented with looking-glasses of 
 surprising grandeur, and every other part of the furniture superb proceed 
 to the room commonly called the Tea-room, which will be prepared for 
 their reception in a most finished manner ; there they will remain, enter- 
 tained with a band of music, &c., until the company are mostly assembled 
 from thence proceed to the Stage-room, which will also have music, and 
 otherwise finely decorated, and from which the company (on their right 
 hand) will be surprised with a beautiful perspective view of the so much 
 admired room, called the Bridge-room, which, from its form, admits being 
 ornamented in a most superb manner : this room, with a proper band of 
 music placed in its grotto, will be entirely appropriated for dancing 
 minuets : from either of these rooms the company may regale themselves 
 with an entire uninterrupted view of the various amusements of the Grand
 
 60 MRS. CORNELTS 4T CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 Gallery and Chinese room ; the gallery is 120 feet in length, and for that 
 night will be illuminated in an entire new and uncommon taste, and solely 
 dedicated for country dances, for which purpose there will be a chosen 
 band of music, and the same in the Chinese room intended entirely for 
 cotillions. It is to be much wished the company may convene early, as, 
 about half-past eleven, a numerous and select party of Gentlemen (who 
 have formed the plan) mean to enter the Great Gallery as cavalry, and 
 parade through every room till past twelve, when the supper will be 
 announced by the sounding of trumpets and beating of kettle drums, who 
 will march playing, and the company walking in regular procession back 
 again, through the large suite of apartments already described, to the bottom 
 of the Great Stairs (the illuminations of which will be new and striking) 
 which leads the company up to the front Drawing-room ; which, with the 
 middle Drawing-room, will be laid out in a manner, it is presumed, will 
 give an agreeable surprize to the spectators, as they are to be displayed as 
 sideboards, or beaufets, exactly in the same manner as was performed by 
 the city of Paris in honour of the marriage of the Dauphin of France to 
 the Infanta of Spain. From these rooms they will proceed to the Star- 
 room, which will also be rendered worthy of the reception of the company 
 by illuminations, music, &c.; and from there will be a most delightful and 
 full perspective view of the great Ball-room, where the supper is to be 
 served, and in such a taste, as to admit of many hundred people being all 
 seated to it at one time, at different tables, and yet have a distinct and 
 pleasant view of one another, at the same time a grand band, superb 
 decorations, and the illuminations perfectly after a new taste.' 
 
 In July, 1777, one of the newspapers informs us that 'Though 
 Carlisle House opened last Tuesday night at ten o'clock, there were 
 not above fifty persons in the rooms till twelve, and the whole 
 company did not exceed three hundred, many of whom were in 
 their modern cloaths, with Masks, and some without.' 
 
 On the 24th March, 1778, Carlisle House was again publicly 
 advertised to be sold by private contract, or ' to be hired as usual.' 
 
 Mr. Hoffman, a celebrated confectioner of Bishopsgate Street, 
 appears to have taken over the management of Carlisle House in 
 1779, but he was even more unsuccessful than his ingenious and
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 61 
 
 enterprising predecessor, Mrs. Cornelys, in his endeavours to win 
 back public patronage and support. Benefit concerts were given 
 frequently during the year, and amongst other distinguished vocal 
 and instrumental performers who had their benefits here were 
 Cramer, Crosdil, Fischer, Giordani, Gonetti, and Tenducci. 
 
 The year 1780 witnessed a great change in the amusements of 
 Carlisle House. A Debating Society, called c The School of 
 Eloquence/ then held their meetings there, when they discussed 
 questions for the most part of political interest. But questions upon 
 other topics appear to have formed the subject of debate upon some 
 occasions. Thus we find that the question, 'Is not the hope of 
 reclaiming a Libertine a principal cause of conjugal unhappiness ? ' 
 was once debated by ladies only. 
 
 The proprietors frequently varied the amusements to suit the 
 whims of taste, and in strenuous but fruitless endeavours to attract the 
 fashionable world to this once popular resort of the pleasure-loving 
 portion of the metropolis. In May, 1780, masked balls and 
 concerts were held, and these were followed during June, July, and 
 August by a 'Promenade' two evenings in the week, and also on 
 Sunday evenings. The price of admission to this form of enter- 
 tainment, including tea, coffee, cappillaire, orgeat,* and lemonade, 
 was three shillings. 
 
 Thus the establishment struggled on through 1780 and 1781 with 
 varied but trivial success. 
 
 Early in 1782 (January 3rd) c the Proprietors of Carlisle House 
 attempted, by introducing a Course of Lectures, to add rational and 
 elegant Amusement to the usual Entertainments of that House. 
 For this purpose a Gentleman of Profession and Science was 
 employed, but the Apparatus being imperfect, he was thrown into 
 some degree of Embarrassment. To render this gentleman's 
 situation more distressing, a young man, who seemed to have been 
 sacrificing to Bacchus, entered the Rooms, and not only insulted 
 
 * A syrup made from almonds, sugar, and orange-flower water.
 
 62 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 
 
 the Lecturer, but the whole Company, who, to their discredit, had 
 not spirit enough to give him due chastisement. The Lecturer 
 seemed in a state of astonishment at the rude attack of his un- 
 mannerly assailant, and left the Room evidently afraid of personal 
 injury.' 
 
 In the following June, Count Borawlaski gave two concerts. 
 The tickets were half-a-guinea each, and according to the adver- 
 tisements, l entitled the purchaser to see and converse with that very 
 extraordinary personage.' 
 
 A period of three years, during which there were no enter- 
 tainments at Carlisle House, ensued ; and from the newspapers of 
 1785, it appears that the property was then in Chancery. Little 
 is known of the history of Carlisle House from that year until 1787, 
 when it still retained its old name, and a Musical Entertainment was 
 given, which occasioned the interference of the magistracy. 
 
 Mrs. Cornelys, who had long ago retired from public life, had 
 in 1795 emerged somewhat from her obscurity, and attempted to 
 assemble round her some of her former patrons, as well as those of 
 later date who might be attracted by the novelty of her trade. She 
 accordingly selected Knightsbridge as a spot favourable for her new 
 pursuit ; and having installed and advertised herself as ' a Vendor of 
 Asses' Milk/ she fitted up a suite of rooms for the reception of 
 visitors to breakfast in public and to regale themselves with the 
 beverage in which she dealt. 
 
 This final effort was a signal failure. A contemporary justly 
 remarks, c The manners of the times were changed, and her taste 
 had not adapted itself to the variations of fashions.' After much 
 expense in gaudy and frivolous embellishments, she was obliged to 
 abandon the scheme and again seek an asylum from her creditors. 
 
 The last scene in the career of this remarkable woman is a very 
 sad one. Pressed by her creditors, she sought a shelter within the 
 Rules of the Fleet Prison, and here, on the igth August, 1797, at 
 the age of seventy-four, she died.
 
 MRS. CORNELTS AT CARLISLE HOUSE. 63 
 
 The subsequent history of Carlisle House is soon told. The 
 banqueting- or ball-room, in Sutton Street, connected by means of a 
 * Chinese bridge ' with the house in the square, was turned into a 
 Roman Catholic chapel, dedicated to St. Patrick, in 1792. The 
 entrance for carriages and chairs was at the end of the chapel in 
 what was Messrs. Crosse & Blackwell's cooperage j but of course 
 every vestige of the old building was removed when the chapel was 
 rebuilt. 
 
 Carlisle House itself was pulled down in 1788, and some houses 
 were built on its site. These also have had to make way for the 
 handsome church which forms such an imposing architectural 
 feature in the square.
 
 6 4 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER, AND 
 THEIR CELEBRATED INHABITANTS. 
 
 THE names of the streets of Soho, as also those of the 
 neighbouring districts, afford a sort of epitome of the 
 history of the growth of buildings in this part of the environs of 
 the great metropolis. In most cases they are clearly derived from 
 the names of the remarkable persons who have dwelt in them or 
 from some notable building in their vicinity. 
 
 The origin of the names Church Street, Greek Street, King's 
 Square, and others are sufficiently apparent; but some streets, &c., 
 the names of which are not so easily explained, will be discussed in the 
 following descriptive account, in which the more important streets are 
 alphabetically arranged for the greater facility of reference. 
 
 It may be explained, however, that Crown Street, Grafton 
 Street, King Street, and Castle Street were entirely removed or 
 much modified in making the new thoroughfares known as Charing 
 Cross Road and Shaftesbury Avenue, which were formally opened 
 for public use on February 26th, 1887. 
 
 BARBON SQUARE. 
 
 An open space near Gerrard Street, as late as the reign of 
 George III., was called Barbon Square. It was so named after the 
 family of Barbon, or Barebones, of whom ' Praise-God Barebone ' 
 was a well-known member. 
 
 This celebrated fanatic, whose name is perpetuated in that of
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 Barebone's Parliament, belonged to an ancient and honourable family 
 named Barbon, who for many years were settled in the neighbour- 
 hood of Soho. 
 
 There were three brothers of the family, bearing, in accordance 
 with the absurd custom of the times, the following eccentric names : 
 * Praise-God Barebone,' ' Christ-came-into-the-world-to-save Bare- 
 bone,' and c If-Christ-had-not-died,-thou-hadst-been-damned Bare- 
 bone.' The last name was rather too long for general use, and, 
 with a profanity even more pronounced than that of those who 
 originally gave the poor man this awkward name, he was called 
 ' Damned Barebone.' 
 
 Praise-God Barebone was by occupation a leather-seller, and 
 resided in Fleet Street, where he carried on a prosperous trade, 
 became a member of the Parliament assembled by Cromwell, and 
 was one of the most active, if not the most able, of that assembly 
 which took its name from him, as has already been stated. 
 
 When Monk came to London with a view of restoring the King, 
 and was intent upon the readmission of the secluded members, this 
 man appeared at the head of a numerous rabble of fanatics, which 
 was alarming even to that intrepid general. Monk, who knew the 
 popularity of Barebone, was obliged to make a general muster of his 
 army, and wrote a letter to the Parliament, in which he expostu- 
 lated with them for giving too much countenance to that furious 
 zealot and his adherents. This produced the desired effect. In 
 answer to his letter, Monk received the resolutions of the House that 
 the gates of the City of London and the portcullises be destroyed, 
 and that he be ordered to put the said votes into execution. This 
 was on the gth of February, 1659, and the general lost not a 
 moment, but promptly obeyed the instructions given, to the con- 
 fusion of Barebone and his party. 
 
 Praise-God Barebone is described as being possessed of an 
 appearance of great sanctity, studiously abstaining from mirth and 
 pleasantry, which he regarded as the marks of a carnal mind. He 
 
 F
 
 66 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 was of sorrowful countenance, and eaten up with spleen and 
 melancholy. He wore a hat similar to those of Col. Pride, the 
 brewer ; Barkstead, the thimble-seller ; Cooper, the haber- 
 dasher, &c. 
 
 The house inhabited by Barebone was in Fetter Lane, for which 
 the sum of 4O/. annual rent was paid. Pepys, in his Diary, under 
 the date of 22nd February, 1659, writes : c I observed this day how 
 abominably Barebone's windows are broken again last night.' 
 
 At the age of about eighty years Barebone was examined 
 respecting his knowledge of the church property, when he deposed 
 to having known a house situated near Fetter Lane where all the 
 vicars dwelt, and was always during the time he lived in the parish 
 reputed to belong to them, together with the rent of the shop that 
 formed a part of the house and fronted the street. 
 
 Barebone owned a house called the ' Lock and Key,' in the parish 
 of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, let to a family of the name of Speight, 
 in whose occupation it was when it was consumed in the Great Fire 
 of London. After its destruction it was rebuilt by its owner. 
 
 The last that is known of this extraordinary man is supposed to 
 be information recorded by Bulstrode Whitelock to the following 
 effect, that on the 31$! of March, 1659, Mr. Praise-God Barebone 
 signed an engagement to the Council of State not to act anything in 
 disturbance of the peace. 
 
 BATEMAN'S BUILDINGS. 
 
 Bateman's Buildings, situated between Frith Street and Greek 
 Street, were doubtless named after Lord Bateman's mansion, which 
 formerly occupied the site. The house, usually known as Mon- 
 mouth House, was demolished in 1773, and thus, although this 
 happens to come among the earliest streets in this alphabetical list, 
 its building is really of comparatively recent date. 
 
 In the year 1781, Raphael Smith, the excellent mezzotint 
 engraver after Sir Joshua Reynolds, lived at No. 10 Bateman's
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 67 
 
 Buildings. It is said there is a portrait of him with several other 
 celebrated characters in a print of the Promenade at Carlisle House. 
 Two other exhibitors at the Royal Academy, R. Browne and 
 R. Dagley, were his neighbours at Nos. 9 and 12 in the same 
 buildings. O'Keefe, in his Recollections , vol. i., p. 364, mentions a 
 visit paid to the elder Colman at Bateman's Buildings. He writes 
 (1777): c The next morning I was punctual to appointment, and 
 posted to Soho Square, where, at the left-hand corner of Bateman's 
 Buildings, I knocked at the door of a fine-looking house, and was 
 ushered into the Library. Seated in cap and gown at breakfast, I 
 there for the first time saw the manager of the Haymarket Theatre 
 .... who received me with all the frank good-nature of his 
 character.' 
 
 BATEMAN STREET. 
 See QUEEN STREET. 
 
 CARLISLE STREET. 
 
 Carlisle Street, leading from Soho Square westward to Chapel 
 Street, was so named from the Howards, Earls of Carlisle, who lived 
 for many years in this neighbourhood. 
 
 The name of this street has, however, undergone several changes. 
 It appears to have been called Merry Andrew Street about the year 
 1725. At an earlier period, as appears by the map of the parish in 
 the 1720 issue of Strype's edition of Stow, the part of the street 
 extending from the square to Dean Street was called King's Square 
 Street, and the continuation of the street, on the west side of Dean 
 Street, was called King's Square Court. In 1750 its name was 
 Denmark Street. At about the same period, according to the rate- 
 books, a portion of the street was called Carlisle Street, and about 
 thirty years later this name was extended to the whole of the 
 street. 
 
 In Strype's Stow (1720) we read: 'King's Square Court, a 
 handsome broad court fronting King's Square ; 'tis a place well
 
 68 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 built and inhabited, and hath one very large House which takes up 
 all the West end or front ; by which is a little passage leading into 
 waste ground betwixt Wardour Street and the backside of Dean 
 Street : which ground is designed to be built upon, there being a street 
 laid out, and some houses built. Out of which designed street there 
 is a passage into Dean Street called Crown Court, at present of small 
 account.' 
 
 The same writer, in speaking of King's Square (now Soho Square), 
 says : c On the west side this Square receiveth a short street, called 
 King's Square Street, of small account.' 
 
 The large house which occupied all the west end of King's Square 
 Court was at one time called Carlisle House, and in or before 1763 it 
 was purchased of Lord Delaval by Domenico Angelo Malevotta Tre- 
 mamondo, generally known as Angelo, the fencing and riding master, 
 who resided in it for many years. 
 
 From the Public Advertiser of January yth, 1763, we get the 
 following interesting particulars : 
 
 ' Mr. Angelo having purchased the great House in King's-square Court, 
 Soho, intends to build a Riding House and Stables upon the large Square of 
 Ground behind it, by Subscription, upon the following Terms : 
 
 ' Each Subscriber, upon Payment of Ten Guineas, to be entitled to learn 
 Riding for Two Years, at a Guinea per Month, of twelve Lessons, and to 
 have two Horses broke without any Expence, further than the Keep of 
 the Horses, if they chuse to keep them in Mr. Angelo's Stables. 
 
 ' Non-Subscribers to this Plan to pay three Guineas Entrance, and two 
 Guineas per month of 12 Lessons. 
 
 ' He proposes opening his Fencing School on the usual Terms, upon 
 Monday the loth instant. 
 
 ' Mr. Angelo will wait upon any Nobleman or Gentleman who is 
 pleased to honour him with their Subscriptions and explain his Plan at 
 large. 
 
 ' Mr. Angelo's Treatise upon Fencing is in the Press, and will be ready 
 to be delivered to the Subscribers the Beginning of March. 
 
 ' Such Persons as are desirous to see the Cuts to his Work may view
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 69 
 
 them at the St. James's Coffee-house ; Mess. Dodsley's, Pall Mall ; and 
 Mr. Henderson's at the Royal Exchange. 
 
 ' t No Money is required till the Delivery of the Work. 
 
 'King's Square Court, Soho, Jan. 5, 1763.' 
 
 A newspaper paragraph, dated January 22nd, 1782, reads: 
 'The Equestrian connoisseurs have now a very fair opportunity of 
 supplying themselves with horses, perfectly broken for ladies and 
 gentlemen, which may be seen every Monday, Tuesday, Thursday 
 and Friday, from nine to twelve, at Mr. Angelo's Riding School, 
 No. i , Carlisle Street, Soho ; who, to the regret of all lovers of that 
 manly exercise, is about giving up his riding academy.' 
 
 In the Morning Post of June 27th, 1782, Angelo returned thanks 
 to his patrons. He continued to teach fencing until about 1790, and 
 died at Eton on July nth, 1802, in his eighty-sixth year. 
 
 Bach and Abel, of concert-giving notoriety, resided next door 
 to Carlisle House. The first was a celebrated performer on the 
 harpsichord, the other the memorable professor of that now-obsolete 
 instrument, the viol de gamba. These worthies were both Germans, 
 and came together to try their fortunes in England. They were at 
 first received by Angelo at Carlisle House. ' Well do I remember,' 
 says the younger Angelo, ' the delightful evenings which for years 
 were frequent under my paternal roof, when they with Bartolozzi 
 and Cipriani formed a little friendly party, and amused themselves 
 with drawing, music, and conversation until long after midnight.' 
 
 Abel accumulated a great number of drawings from his friend 
 Gainsborough, mostly in exchange for notes on the viol de gamba. 
 The walls of his apartments were covered with them, slightly pinned 
 to the paper-hangings. After his death they were sold at Longford's 
 rooms (since the famous George Robins') under the Piazza, Covent 
 Garden. 
 
 Signer Agostino Carlini, an Italian sculptor, an early member of 
 the Academy, lived and died in the house now No. 14, at the corner
 
 7 o THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 of the court. He was a man of considerable talent, and executed 
 the colossal masks representing the rivers Dee, Tyne, and Severn, 
 three of the nine on the keystones of the Strand front of Somerset 
 House, and likewise the two centre statues against the same edifice. 
 He is perhaps best known by his design for Beckford's cenotaph. 
 He died in 1790. 'When Carlini was Keeper of the Royal 
 Academy,' says Smith, * he used to walk from his house to Somerset- 
 place, with a broken tobacco-pipe in his mouth, and dressed in a 
 deplorable great coat ; but when he has been going to the Academy- 
 dinner, I have seen him getting into a chair, and full-dressed in a 
 purple silk coat, scarlet gold-laced waistcoat, point-lace ruffles, and 
 a sword and bag.' 
 
 Signor Giuseppe Ceracchi, an Italian sculptor who exhibited at 
 the Academy, resided many years with Carlini. He was the master 
 of Mrs. Damer. Meeting with little encouragement in this country, 
 he quitted it for Rome, where he continued to practise as a sculptor 
 until the breaking out of the French Revolution, when he became 
 so violent a partisan and so desperate that he was condemned to 
 death as the leader of the conspirators connected with the infernal- 
 machine contrivance, and was guillotined at Paris in 1801. Ceracchi 
 continued so erratic to the last that he actually built himself a car, 
 in which he was drawn to the place of execution in the habit of a 
 Roman emperor. David, the French painter, with whom Ceracchi 
 had lived in intimacy, was called to speak to his character, 
 but he declared he know nothing of him beyond his fame as a 
 sculptor. 
 
 Among the celebrated inhabitants of Carlisle Street, at the middle 
 of the eighteenth century, we must not omit George Michael Moser, 
 a native of Switzerland. He was an eminent chaser and an ingenious 
 artist. At the formation of the Royal Academy, in 1768, he was 
 appointed Keeper, which post he held till his death on January 23rd, 
 1783. He was buried at St. Paul's, Covent Garden. A few days 
 after his decease Sir Joshua Reynolds published a tribute to his
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 memory. It is quoted in Malone's Memoir of Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
 vol. i., p. xxvii. 
 
 From the rate-books, it appears that many persons of note and 
 position lived in this quarter. Thus, in 1692, King's Square Court 
 had about twenty-two inhabitants, among whom were Lady Lawrence, 
 Lady Fitzgerald, Sir Henry Bellasis, and Lady Williams. Next 
 year the name of the Countess of Rochester (widow of Wilmot) 
 appeared in the books as one of the inhabitants. 
 
 In 1708 we find the names of the Countess of Essex and Lady 
 Elizabeth Howard, widow of the dramatist, Sir Robert Howard, 
 and the patron of Purcell. 
 
 The office of the Commissioners of Sewers was situated in this 
 court in 1776, but it was afterwards removed to Alderman Beckford's 
 house in Soho Square. 
 
 In Carlisle Street the following eminent persons were living 
 at the numbers and in the years indicated : T. Malton, jun., 
 No. 8, 1781; J. G. S. Facius, No. 7, 1786, A. Graglia, 
 No. 9, 17875 H. Morland, No. 6, 1792; S. Drummond, 
 No. 6, 1799 j A. Raimbach, No. 14, 1801 ; and from Boyle's 
 Court Guide for 1795 we get the following list of inhabitants of 
 Carlisle Street : No. 9, Mr. Jackson ; No. 10, Mr. Angelo ; 
 No. 15, Rev. Mr. James ; No. 16, Mr. John Allday ; No. 20, Mrs. 
 Green ; No. 21, Mr. Townley Ward. A. Raimbach was living 
 at No. 14 in 1804, and J. Simpson at No. 10 ('the large house') 
 in 1813. 
 
 In Thomas Holcroft's Memoirs, written by himself, we read : 
 * March 5, 1799, Went after breakfast at ten, and sat to Mr. 
 Drummond, Carlisle Street, Soho, at the request of the proprietors 
 of the Monthly Mirror. Taken in crayons, size of life.' 
 
 Mrs. H. Chapone lived at No. 17 in this street, according to 
 a letter addressed by this lady to Miss Burney. Mrs. Chapone died 
 in 1801. 
 
 Mrs. Bateman, the actress, lived at the corner of Carlisle Street
 
 72 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 and Soho Square in 1793, when tickets for her benefit at the Hay- 
 market Theatre were advertised to be sold at No. I Carlisle Street. 
 She played upon that occasion, by particular desire, c Lady Restless * 
 in All in the Wrong, and fenced, after the comedy, with the Chevalier 
 D'Eon. On the i6th of January, 1793, Mrs. Bateman gave an 
 elegant amusement to a party of about 500 ladies and gentlemen 
 at noon. * Le Chevalier D'Eon fenced/ says a newspaper of the 
 period ; l she sustained four assaults from Capt. Walmsley, and in 
 the loose play refused a mask, saying, " I have defended my virginity 
 fifty years without, and now cannot adopt it." ' 
 
 During nearly the whole of the present century this house has 
 been occupied by the well-known foreign booksellers, Messrs. Dulau 
 & Co. In 1803 and 1804, M. Lenoir gave a series of French readings 
 at Dulau's Rooms, I Carlisle Street, commencing at 8.30 p.m. every 
 evening throughout the season. Tickets of admission, to admit two- 
 persons or one person twice, were sold at half-a-guinea. 
 
 In 1803, Mr. Fitzjames, a ventriloquist, gave entertainments at 
 Dulau's Rooms, commencing at nine o'clock, the price of admittance 
 to which was seven shillings. 
 
 CHARING CROSS ROAD. 
 
 The need of a street giving direct communication between Tot- 
 tenham Court Road and Charing Cross was long felt, and Charing 
 Cross Road was constructed to supply the want. It was opened on 
 February 26th, 1887, by His Royal Highness the Duke of Cam- 
 bridge, after whom was taken the name Cambridge Circus, the 
 point where Charing Cross Road is intersected by Shaftesbury 
 Avenue. The length of the street is close upon 1000 yards, and 
 its width, generally speaking, is about twenty yards. There is a 
 subway under its whole length to receive the gas, water, and other 
 mains, telegraph wires, &c. ; it is placed under the centre of the 
 carriage-way, and is twelve feet wide and seven feet nine inches high. 
 It is formed of a semicircular arch in brickwork. Cross-passages
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 73 
 
 extend from the houses on each side of the street to the subway. 
 There are openings in the crown of the subway and in some of the 
 refuges placed in the centre of the street for the admission of gas 
 and water mains. 
 
 The following streets were modified or absorbed in making 
 Charing Cross Road : Crown Street, Moor Street, Grafton Street, 
 Lichfield Street, Porter Street, and Castle Street, besides several 
 minor streets and courts. 
 
 For the early history of a part of this street see HOG LANE, &c. 
 
 CHARLES STREET. 
 
 Charles Street, leading from Soho Square to Oxford Street, and 
 recently named Soho Street, was probably so named in honour of 
 Charles II. In Strype's edition of Stow (1720 edition) it is 
 described as 4 a Place of no great note for inhabitants.' 
 
 In 1776 Mr. Robert Allen, of No. 4 Charles Street, advertised 
 Dr. Pitcairn's ' celebrated Medicines.' 
 
 CHURCH STREET. 
 
 Church Street leads from Greek Street to Dean Street. 
 Cunningham says, ' Built circ. 1679, and so called after the Greek 
 Church in Soho Fields.' But it seems unnecessary to go so far 
 away for a name when we have a church to which the street 
 directly leads. It is true the church of St. Anne was not finished 
 till 1686, but the site was determined upon and the building was 
 certainly commenced long before probably when the parish was 
 first formed out of that of St. Martin's in 1678. 
 
 This street was chiefly inhabited in the last century by watch- 
 makers, jewellers, lapidaries, and various workers in stones and the 
 precious metals. These handicraftsmen were mostly natives of 
 France and Switzerland. 
 
 In the London Gazette of May nth, 1704, is the following in- 
 teresting advertisement :
 
 74 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 ' Her Majesty having granted to Mr. NICHOLAS FACCIO, gentleman, of 
 the Royal Society, PETER DEBAUFRES, and JACOB DEBAUFRES, watch makers, 
 her letters patent, &c., for the sole use in England, &c., for fourteen years, 
 of a new art, invented by them, of figuring and working precious or 
 common stones, crystal or glass, and certain other matters, different from 
 metals, so that they may be employed in watches, clocks, and many other 
 engines, as internal and useful parts of the engine itself, in such manners as 
 were never yet in use. All those that may have occasion for any stones 
 thus wrought, may be further informed at Mr. Dubaufres' in Church-street 
 near St. Anne's. There they may see some jewel-watches, and some essays 
 ( free-matches and wholly free-watches, which all belong unto the same art.' 
 
 Nicholas Faccio, F.R.S., a Swiss by birth, seems to have been a 
 good scholar and an ingenious man. Many of his original papers 
 and letters are preserved in the British Museum, and among them 
 one of his Latin poems entitled, ' N. Facii Duellerii Auriacus 
 Throno-Servatusj in which he claims to himself the merit of having 
 saved King William the Third from falling into the hands of the 
 French. This event took place in 1686. In the beginning of the 
 poem he describes, not inelegantly, the jewel-watches, of which he 
 was the first inventor. (See Sloane MS. 4163, f. 38.) 
 
 In 1716, the parish rate-books give the following names as 
 inhabitants of this street : Alex. Ranu, Nicholas Delafors, Nicholas 
 D'Almaine, and Peter Texiera all foreigners and artisans of some 
 kind. 
 
 In the next year we have this advertisement : c Anthony Fert, 
 Dancing Master, who teaches after the newest and most easie 
 manner, and plays very well on the violin, is willing to teach ladies 
 and gentlemen at their own houses, or at any boarding school in or 
 near London. Direct for him at the Green Dragon in Church- 
 street, St. Ann's, Soho, or at the School Mistresses in Hand-alley, 
 without Bishopsgate, where he is to be heard of every Tuesday from 
 5 of the clock till 7.' 
 
 At the end of one of the Fleet registers the address of a
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 75 
 
 * clergyman ' is thus given : c John Lando, a French Minister, in 
 Church-street, Soho, opposite a French Pastry or pasty cook's. 
 His Landlord's name is Jinkstone, a dirty chandler's shop : he is to 
 be heard of in the first floor next the skye.' 
 
 Le Grand, 'a pastry cook and cook,' as he styles himself, resided 
 at the 'Geneva Arms' in 1769. Formerly most pastry cooks and 
 confectioners were French or Swiss. A public-house in this street 
 has the curious sign of 'The George and Thirteen Cantons' an 
 odd combination. It is easily explained when we remember that 
 there is another public-house called * The Thirteen Cantons ' in 
 King Street. This sign was put up in reference to the thirteen 
 Protestant cantons of Switzerland a compliment to the numerous 
 Swiss who inhabited the neighbourhood. 
 
 In a newspaper of March 4th, 1775, occurs the following curious 
 statement : 
 
 ' Yesterday, and not before, the corpse of the late famous Mons. 
 Treyssac de Vergy was carried from the house of Mr. Laurence, under- 
 taker, in Church-street, St. Ann, to the burying-ground belonging to St. 
 Pancras, Middlesex, to be there interred among those of the religion of his 
 ancestors. This very extraordinary man died the 1st of October last, 
 aged 42 ; and by an inscription on his coffin, was an Advocate in the 
 Parliament of Bordeaux. His corpse has ever since remained at the said 
 undertaker's unburied, soldered up in a leaden coffin, waiting the directions 
 of his opulent family ; to whom by his will he left considerable legacies, to 
 arise from the sale of his estates in France, although in England all his 
 possessions in ready cash amounted to no more at his decease than, as we 
 have heard, three halfpence, and in other property no more than the wardrobe 
 of a poor author, viz. one thread-bare suit of clothes, and a small trunk or 
 box (in which were contained several printed and manuscript papers) yet 
 having desired by his will to be buried among his ancestors at Bordeaux (the 
 place of his nativity) his executor, who from motives of humanity only to a 
 distressed and unfortunate stranger took on him that good office, and in 
 pursuance of his earnest desire made several applications for his interment to 
 his relations in France, and particularly to his wife, who lives in great
 
 76 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 splendour and high state in Paris ; and also by Sir John Fielding's recom- 
 mendation to Mons. Le Noir, Lieutenant of Police at Paris ; but after 
 waiting upwards of five months without receiving any such orders, on the 
 contrary, positive refusal to be any wise concerned in his funeral, or to 
 contribute in the least towards the expence thereof, although informed of 
 the miserable state of the deceased's finances here, and although urged by 
 every argument and consideration of honour and interest, yet, making false, 
 frivolous, and evasive excuses, and leaving the same to be performed by and 
 at the expence of his executor ; he therefore from the same motives of 
 humanity and charity towards the unfortunate gentleman, thus abandoned 
 by his wife and relations to rot like a dog on a dunghill, or become charge- 
 able for Christian burial to some parish here, ordered his funeral to be 
 performed as above-mentioned, and the expence to be defrayed by the 
 produce of the publication of the contents of the said box (part of which 
 were printed by the deceased in his life time, and by him just before his 
 death intended to be published) to which, we hear, will be added, the 
 letters that have passed on this occasion between the executor, the deceased's 
 wife, and other his relations ; as also those of Sir John Fielding, Mons. Le 
 Noir, &c. The whole, as we are informed, will make a very curious and 
 entertaining collection in French and English.' 
 
 A portrait in mezzotint of M. Peter Henry Treyssac de Vergy 
 was published in February, 1775, with a short printed account of 
 him, in which he is said to be ' author of several literary performances 
 in England, and famous for his concern in the memorable quarrel 
 between the Count de Guerchy, ambassador extraordinary from the 
 Court of France, and the Chevalier D'Eon, minister plenipotentiary 
 from the same Court to the Court of Great Britain in 1763.' There 
 is a copy also of his last will, in which he confesses his concern in a 
 plot against D'Eon ; and intimates that he withdrew his assistance 
 upon finding that it was intended to affect the chevalier's life. 
 
 Jean Paul Marat, the revolutionary monster assassinated in 1793 
 by Charlotte Corday, was living here in 1775, in which year he 
 published An Inquiry into the Nature^ Cause, and Cure of a Singular 
 Disease of the Eye, by J. P. Marat, M.D.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 77 
 
 Mrs. Weichsel, the celebrated singer, resided at No. 3 in 1775. 
 From 1764 to 1776 she was in high favour at Vauxhall Gardens. 
 Her husband, a native of Freiburg, in Saxony, was for many years 
 principal clarionet player at the King's Theatre. This lady was the 
 mother of the more celebrated Mrs. Billington at one time prima 
 donna at the opera a singer of great excellence, especially remark- 
 able for her execution of florid passages. 
 
 A number of artists took up their abode in this street towards the 
 latter part of the last century. The catalogues of the Royal Academy 
 furnish the following names : Thomas Rowlandson, at No. 4 
 (1775); Richard Dean, at No. 13 (1777); William Craft, at 
 No. 23 (1778); Edward Oram, at No. 12 (1778) ; H. Edridge, at 
 No. 16 (1789) ; and S. Drummond, at No. 14 (1801). 
 
 At a sale of ' genuine furniture ' put up by auction in this street, 
 June 7th, 1861, one of the lots was 4 the skull of Dick Turpin, 
 under a glass shade, many years in the Morley family of York.' It 
 produced the sum of fourteen shillings, glass shade and stand included. 
 
 COMPTON STREET (OLD). 
 
 Old Compton Street possesses special interest in the history of 
 Soho, and demands something more than a mere passing notice of 
 its inhabitants at different times, varied as they were in station and 
 character. 
 
 The street was named after Sir Francis Compton, to whom 
 Charles II. demised a large portion of the marsh-land adjoining the 
 Hospital of St. Giles. One or two houses with grounds, dotted here 
 and there, might be seen upon this spot in the time of Charles I., 
 but it was not until towards the end of the reign of his successor 
 (1682) that Old Compton Street was built. Strype, in 1720, says, 
 * Compton Street, very long, which from Hog Lane runneth west- 
 wards into Wardour Street. This street is broad, and the houses 
 well built, but of no great account for its inhabitants, which are 
 chiefly French.'
 
 7 8 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 Peter Berault, a French refugee, was an early inhabitant of Old 
 Compton Street. He published a small volume in French and 
 English, now of great rarity, entitled, l A Nosegay or Miscellany of 
 several Divine Truths, for the Instruction of all Persons ; but 
 especially for the consolation of a troubled Soul. By Peter Berault, 
 Author of the Way to Heaven. London, Printed by T. M. for the 
 Author, 1685.' I2mo. It is dedicated to 'The Most Illustrious 
 and Most Vertuous Anne Princess of Denmark.' At the back of 
 the title-page is the following advertisement : c If any Gentleman or 
 Gentlewoman hath a mind to learn French or Latin, the Authour 
 will wait upon them ; he lives in Cumpton Street, [sic] in Soo-Hoo 
 Fields^ four doors of the Myter.' 
 
 In the Tatler for 1710 (No. 159) we meet with the following 
 announcement : c A Discourse or Explication of the Grounds of 
 Dancing : which may be had gratis of Mr. Fert, Dancing-Master, in 
 Compton-street, near the sign of the Black Moor's Head, in Soho. 
 He hath composed a new Dance called The Tournay ; and teacheth 
 at Persons of Quality's Houses, and others, at a reasonable rate. He 
 playeth very well upon Musick.' 
 
 In a number of the Spectator for 1711 is another advertisement 
 from the same person, which is more definite in its substance : 
 ' Mr. Fert, Dancing Master, who keeps his School in Compton 
 Street, Soho, over against St. Ann's Church back door, where he 
 teaches on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, gives notice to the 
 Publick, that at the desire of several gentlemen in the city, he 
 teaches on Tuesdays and Thursdays at the George in Finch Lane, 
 Threadneedle Street, near the Royal Exchange : he likewise teaches 
 abroad, and plays very well on the violin.' 
 
 According to the Post Man of March loth, 1711, 'Isaac Van 
 den Helm, a Dutch Tablemaker, over against Compton Street by 
 Ann's Wall, next to the Golden Key, Soho, makes and sells all sorts 
 of fine painted Tea Tables, with new fancies, and that endure 
 boiling hot water.'
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 79 
 
 The title-page of a rare London volume, mentioned by Upcott, 
 is as follows : c Perspective Views of all the Ancient Churches and 
 other Buildings in the Cities of London and Westminster. Drawn 
 by Robert West and engraved by William Henry Toms. London : 
 Printed for the Proprietor, Robert West, at the Blue Spike in 
 Compton Street, Soho, Painter, &c. 1736-9.' 
 
 Music, as well as the sister art, was encouraged in this locality, 
 and one ' Mr. Liessem, at his Musick shop in Compton Street, over 
 against the Black Boy,' is frequently mentioned in the advertisements 
 of the middle of the last century. 
 
 Edward Edwards, the author of Anecdotes of Painting, had 
 lodgings in this street in 1760, and, with other efforts to obtain the 
 means of living (he had to support his mother and a brother and 
 sister), he opened a school, 'and taught drawing to several young 
 men who either aimed to be artists, or to qualify themselves to be 
 cabinet or ornamental furniture makers.' 
 
 The print of ' The Procession of the Scald-Miserable Masons,' 
 1742, was 'invented and engraved by A. Benoist at his lodgings at 
 Mr. Jordan's, a Grocer, the north-east corner of Compton-street, 
 So-ho. Note, A. Benoist teaches drawing abroad.' 
 
 Benoist was a foreign artist who designed and engraved 
 humorous prints for old Bowles of Cornhill. The print of the 
 Scald-Miserable Masons, which is nearly four feet long and full of 
 groups of small figures, was designed to ridicule the annual cavalcade 
 and procession of the different lodges of Freemasons. 
 
 The contrivers of the mock procession of Scald Masons, which 
 actually took place in the year 1742, was contrived by Paul 
 Whitehead, the poet laureate, and his intimate friend, christened 
 Esquire Carey of Pall Mall, surgeon to Frederick Prince of Wales. 
 It is supposed that his Royal Highness favoured the frolic, as the 
 mock procession cost the projectors no small sum. 
 
 This expensive burlesque was thus described in the papers of the 
 day :
 
 So THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 'Yesterday, March 20, 1741-2, some mock Free-Masons marched 
 through Pall-mall and the Strand, as far as Temple-bar, in procession; 
 first went fellows on jack-asses, with cow-horns in their hands ; then a 
 kettle-drummer on a jack-ass, having two butter-firkins for kettle-drums ; 
 then followed two carts, drawn by six jack-asses, having in them the 
 stewards, with several badges of their order ; then came a mourning coach, 
 drawn by six horses, each of a different colour and size, in which were the 
 grand Master and wardens. Besides these, there were numerous other 
 pageants, with rough music of all kinds, making altogether, perhaps, the 
 most ludicrous procession that ever had appeared within a century of these 
 most humorous times. It seems that ridicule has ever been the most 
 powerful corrective of public, as well as of private Tom-foolery, for the 
 processions of the real Masons, after this burlesque, ceased.' 
 
 This mock cavalcade failed of one part of its object, however, for 
 it was intended to proceed into the city and fall into the train of the 
 great and magnificent procession ; but the Lord Mayor of the city of 
 London, himself being a Freemason, took care to prevent them from 
 entering Temple Bar, as he sagaciously foreboded what, most likely, 
 would have occurred a fray between the redoubtable brotherhood of 
 Freemasons and the dirty fraternity of dustmen, draymen, and 
 chimney-sweepers. 
 
 The middle of the last century (or perhaps a little later, for the 
 handbill is not dated) introduces us to a celebrated Puppet showman, 
 named Jobson, who took up his quarters, at least for a time, at 
 the 'King's Arms,' in this street. He is celebrated in the annals of 
 c Bartlemy,' and was contemporary with the better-known Flockton. 
 In 1797, Jobson and other puppet showmen were prosecuted for 
 having made their puppets talk and do the business of players in 
 spite of the Licensing Act. These puppet showmen were facetious 
 fellows, and often got into trouble. In 1792 one of the class, 
 venturing to revive in another form an ancient humour of 
 ' Bartlemy,' turned satirist upon the camp at Bagshot, with wooden 
 puppets, which he gave out as c equal if not superior ' to the originals.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 81 
 
 He carved one of his puppets into a likeness of the Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer, attacked Henry Dundas, and introduced a figure dressed 
 in black, labelled in brass upon the forehead, ' Dirty work done 
 at a moment's warning by the Rose of the Treasury.' Treasury 
 Servants-of-all-Work followed, with a Toad upon their banner. 
 
 The following very curious notice was copied from the original 
 in the late Mr. Fillinham's collection : 
 
 'MR. JOBSON, 
 
 From the Theatre- Roy al, Covent Garden, 
 
 INTENDS TO EXHIBIT 
 The Primitive PUPPET-SHEW 
 
 This present EVENING 
 At Punch's Theatre, being a large commodious Room, at the King's-Arms, 
 
 in Compton-Street, next door to the Duke's-Head, 
 Which is fitted up in a commodious Manner for the Reception of the 
 
 Gentry, &c. 
 
 First, The amazing Art of DEXTERITY of HAND. 
 
 Second, By his Company of artificial Comedians, being as large as Life, 
 will be presented a Play, call'd 
 
 JULIUS CAESAR. 
 The Scenes, cloaths and other Decorations, are entirely new. 
 
 With a PANTOMIME ENTERTAINMENT. 
 
 Little BEN the SAILOR doth promise to give the Ladies a Hornpipe. 
 And Four Country Girls will Dance a Country Dance. 
 
 There you will see such Curiosities, 
 
 Will make you Laugh and Jill you with Surprise. 
 
 Fam'd LACON'S SHOW (by JOBSON bought) you'll see, 
 
 Which in the Kingdom can't excelled be. 
 
 Come Neighbours come ; let us to JOBSON'S go, 
 
 And see his Grand and Famous PUPPET SHOW. 
 
 With Six FIGURES ringing Six BELLS, by CLOCK-WORK. 
 
 Third, A Hornpipe, by Master JOBSON, 
 
 Likewise Mr. Nobody will exhibit for the Entertainment of Every Body 
 POSTURING and TUMBLING. 
 
 G
 
 82 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 Fourth, A Grand Court of Moving WAX- WORK. 
 
 The Whole to Conclude with 
 A Large and lively Piece of MACHINERY, 
 
 Representing the taking of the Havannak, with the Town, Fortifications, 
 
 Castles, and Harbour ; where you will see Fish, Fowl, and other 
 
 surprising Monsters appearing in the Water, as natural as Life ; 
 
 with a large Fleet of Ships drawing up into a Line of Battle, 
 
 to be fighting, firing, burning, and sinking, in the same 
 
 manner as when the Place was taken. 
 With GOOD Music to entertain the Company. 
 
 Pit is. First Gall. 6J. Upper Gall. 3^. 
 The Doors to be opened at Six, and the Grand Exhibition begin at 
 
 Seven o'Clock precisely. 
 *** Different Performances every Evening. 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen may have a private Performance, on giving 
 One Day's Notice, for rcxr. 6d. ; above Ten is. each.' 
 
 Old Cervetto, the veteran violoncello player, advertises his 
 4 Divertimentos for Two Violoncellos ' in the Public Advertiser, 
 February I2th, 1761, as 'Sold by the Author at Mr. Marie's, 
 Tobacconist, in Compton Street, St. Ann's, Soho/ 
 
 Cervetto, the elder, was born in 1680, and was one of the most 
 celebrated performers of his day. He arrived in England in 1738, 
 and performed at the concert established at Hickford's Room, in 
 Brewer Street, where Festing led. He was the contemporary of 
 Parquali and Caporale, who by the excellence of their performance 
 brought the violoncello into great repute. Cervetto lived to the 
 extraordinary age of 103 years, and at his death, which took place 
 January I4th, 1783, left a fortune of 5O,ooo/. to his son. 
 
 Poor Chatelaine, the engraver, lived in lodgings in this street. 
 He died in 1771, so miserably poor that Mr. Panton Betew, a silver- 
 smith (a great collector of Hogarth's drawings and engravings, who 
 also lived in Compton Street), Vivares, the engraver, for whom 
 Chatelaine had formerly worked as an etcher of landscapes, and
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 83 
 
 several other old friends, buried him in the poor-ground of St. 
 James's Workhouse, Poland Street, Soho. 
 
 A stay-maker's advertisement, of 1771, is interesting, as giving 
 us some details of the female costume of the period : c Schiefer, 
 stay-maker to her Majesty and the royal family, at her Majesty's 
 Arms in Compton-street, St. Ann's, Soho, makes new fashionable 
 stays of all sorts ; pompadours, Jesuits, brunswicks, robes, suits, 
 sacques, gowns, young ladies' robes and slips, riding habits, and 
 masquerade dresses. And Mr. Schiefer begs the favour of those 
 ladies who please to honour him with their commands, to be 
 particular in their direction as above, as there has been an im- 
 position/ 
 
 M. Talma, a dentist, was residing at No. 55 in this street in 
 1773. He was the father of the celebrated French tragedian, 
 Francis Joseph Talma. The young Roscius was born at Paris, 
 January I5th, 1760, but resided here from his eighth till his fifteenth 
 year, and was educated at the Soho Academy. He died at Paris, 
 December igth, 1826. 
 
 Old Compton Street was the scene of an early Judge and Jury 
 Society, which was established at 'The Exhibition Room' in 1778. 
 The following announcement was copied from a small handbill in 
 the Upcott Collection : 
 
 ' EXHIBITION ROOM COMPTON STREET SOHO 
 
 'Jan. 2, 1778. 
 
 ' This Day is opened for the inspection of the Nobility, Gentry, and 
 others, a true Representation of a COURT OF JUDICATURE, before the LORD 
 CHIEF JUSTICE, where the special case of the Chevalier D'Eon will come on 
 for trying that grand question, whether that person is a man or woman. It 
 will be argued by the most eminent Council, learned in the law, when that 
 valiant man will appear in full character as a Captain of Dragoons, as well as 
 in that amiable character she appeared in as a woman, when she took her 
 leave of her friends before she left this Kingdom. As this is an extraordinary 
 circumstance it will be left to the impartial opinions of the judicious 
 spectators to determine.
 
 84 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 ' At the same place may be viewed some fine modelling equal to human 
 life, matchless drawings in black chalk ; an emblematical painting representing 
 JUSTICE, LAW, and TRUTH, with variety of other fine paintings and manu- 
 scripts; together with all the process of a young female artist. 
 
 'The Room will be open from ten in the morning till five in the after- 
 noon. The trial at two. 
 
 1 Admission Half-a-Crown. y 
 
 ' There is no longer any mystery connected with the story of D'Eon. 
 He was of a good French family, and was born in 1728. He was an 
 excellent scholar, soldier, and political intriguer. It was in the service of 
 Louis XV. that he went to Russia in female attire, obtained employment 
 as " lectrice " or female reader to the Czarina Elizabeth, and under that 
 disguise carried on political and semi-political negotiations with wonderful 
 audacity and success. At a subsequent period he returned to Russia in 
 male costume, describing himself as the brother of the Czarina's lectrice. 
 He wrote well, plotted well, and fought well. In 1762 he appeared in 
 England as Secretary of Embassy to the Duke de Nivernois. It was during 
 his residence here that he accused De Guerchy, during the embassy of 
 the latter, who had attempted to place him in a subordinate post after he 
 had temporarily exercised the office of Minister Plenipotentiary, of a design 
 to poison him. The accusation was deemed well founded, but a nolle prosequi 
 saved De Guerchy from all earthly penalty, save contempt. D'Eon continued 
 to reside here, the active diplomatic agent of the French Court, and protected 
 by his Sovereign, even when the latter appeared to yield to his enemies. 
 Louis XVI. granted him a pension ; and when he went over to Versailles 
 to return thanks for the favour, Marie Antoinette insisted on his assuming 
 woman's attire. To gratify this foolish whim, D'Eon one day swept into 
 the royal presence decked like a duchess, and supported the character to the 
 great delight of the royal and noble spectators. After thus masquerading 
 for some time he returned to England in 1784 ; and being here in 1789, 
 after the Revolution was accomplished, the Convention deprived him of his 
 pension, and placed his name in the fatal list of emigres. From the English 
 Government he received a pension of zoo/, a year, but his extravagant style 
 of living involved him in debt and distress. In his old days he turned his 
 fencing capabilities to account, appearing in matches with the famous
 
 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 85 
 
 Chevalier de St. George, and permanently resuming female attire. This 
 strange personage died in 1810 ; when an inspection of the body by several 
 medical men, in presence of the Pere Elisee, who attended for Louis XVIII., 
 was followed by a public certificate that the chevalier was an old man. He 
 died at the age of eighty-two.'* 
 
 Another handbill connected with the 'Exhibition Room' might 
 have served the celebrated George Robins as a prototype : 
 
 ROYALTY EXHIBITION. 
 'ExquisiTE BEAUTY AND ART. 
 
 ' This day is opened, for public inspection, at the great room, No. 46, 
 Old Compton-street, near Dean-street, Sobo ; and to continue till further 
 notice, ROYALTY GRAND EXHIBITION of exquisite BEAUTY and perfect ART, 
 a most capital superb Picture, in the purest style of fine outline, real grace 
 and delicacy, lately purchased from his Majesty's ROYAL COLLECTION at 
 WINDSOR. This picture attracts the particular notice of every true lover 
 of Virtu, being allowed, by the first judges, to possess the utmost perfection 
 of the Antique, with the most delightful form that the highest scientific 
 judgment of an enlightened mind can possibly conceive. Sublime Dignity, 
 attended with gentle mildness and lovely expression, animate the whole. Also 
 a large Collection of the most rare, choice Pictures, that perhaps ever were 
 submitted to public view ; the whole captivating and engaging to the 
 highest, with variety and superlative elegance, at once enlightens the mind, 
 and improves the understanding with knowledge and science. 
 
 ' To be viewed as above, from ten o'clock, in the forenoon, till six in 
 the evening. Admittance ONE SHILLING. Terms of sale to be known 
 there.' (April 28th, 1788.) 
 
 A lamentable fire occurred in this locality, December 2nd, 1803, 
 which consumed nine houses, besides a long range of manufactories, 
 warehouses, an auction-room, &c., between Dean Street and Frith 
 Street. Burning through into Compton Street, the c Great Exhibi- 
 tion Room ' was included in the destruction. The fire commenced 
 at the manufactory of Messrs. Jackson & Moser, ironmongers, who 
 
 * The Last Journals of Horace Walpole. Note by Dr. Doran. Vol. ii., p. 63.
 
 86 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 occupied the splendid mansion of the Bishop of London (Dr. 
 Osbaldiston), extending from Dean Street to Frith Street. 
 
 Shortly after the fire, a subscription was set on foot for the relief 
 or the workmen thrown out of employment by the calamity, and 
 a temporary office was opened in Compton Street to receive 
 donations. 
 
 A capital story (probably never printed) is told of old Joe 
 Richardson, of c Richardson's Show ' notoriety, presenting himself 
 one day at the office when the clerk was busily engaged in the receipt 
 of sixpences and shillings from a number of hard-working people who 
 sympathised with the poor sufferers. Noticing Richardson's homely 
 appearance, the clerk paid him no particular attention ; but when he 
 had dispatched all the c poorer sort,' he turned to Richardson and 
 exclaimed, ' Now, sir, half-a-crown for you ? ' meaning to hit him 
 hard, supposing him to be only a shilling customer at the most. 
 * No,' said old Joe, 4 not half-a-crown.' ' Five shillings ?' replied the 
 clerk with a grin. c No,' said old Joe, again, * not five shillings.' 
 With an intention to bring matters to a conclusion, the clerk, eying 
 him from head to foot, suggested, with a sneer, c Half-a-sovereign ? ' 
 4 No,' repeated Joe, with a chuckle, ' not half-a- sovereign ; put 
 down a hundred pounds /' A feather might have knocked the clerk 
 down, when he venturned to ask, with an apologetic air, c What 
 name, my Lord, shall I have the honour of entering ?' c No Lord,' 
 exclaimed the plain but noble-hearted man ; c no Lord, only Joe 
 Richardson, the showman.' 
 
 A newspaper of September I3th, 1781, records, among the 
 obituary notices : * A few days ago died, at St. Mary-le-bone, in 
 the 75th year of his age, Mr. John Elcock^ of Compton-street, 
 St. Ann's, Soho; a man whose knowledge, justness, and candour in 
 his public line of life will ever be an irreparable loss to a numerous 
 acquaintance, as well as being a true friend to the poor.' 
 
 Among the artists who resided here in the latter part of the last 
 century are some names of note. James Tassie, the modeller (1772
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 87 
 
 to 1778); William Williams, the landscape painter (1777) ; James 
 Barry, whose pictures adorn the walls of the Royal Society of Arts, 
 at No. i (1784); J. Ibbitson, at No. 19 (1785); R. Dugley, at 
 No. 17 (1790) ; H. Edridge, at No. 5 (1790) ; D. Gibson, at No. n 
 (1792) ; S. Howitt, at No. 4 (1794) ; J. Mease, at No. 49 (1797) ; 
 and R. Woodward, jun., at No. 44 (1799). At No. 6 resided, in 
 1816, H. P. Briggs, R.A., the well-known historical painter. He 
 was a constant exhibitor from 1816 to 1844, the year of his death. 
 
 Frederick Accum, the German chemist, must be numbered 
 among the notable inhabitants of the street. Here he gave lectures 
 on chemistry and physics, sold chemical apparatus, and instructed 
 private pupils, amongst whom were the Duke of Northumberland, 
 Lord Camelford, and other influential persons. He took an active 
 part in the intoduction of gas-lighting into London and several towns 
 in England ; and his treatise on that subject, published in 1815, was 
 greatly conducive to a general appreciation of the importance and 
 economy of this mode of illumination. He was the author of several 
 popular treatises on subjects relating to chemistry, among which 
 may be enumerated, The Elements of Crystallography, 1813 ; Art of 
 Brewing, Culinary Chemistry, 1821 ; Chemical Amusements, Chemical 
 Tests and Reagents, 1826 ; The Physical and Chemical Dualities 
 of Building Materials, 1826. He died at Berlin in 1838. 
 
 George Wombwell, the well-known proprietor of c Wombwell's 
 Menagerie,' kept a boot and shoe maker's shop in this street at the 
 beginning of the present century. When a boy he devoted much of 
 his time to the breeding and rearing of birds, pigeons, rabbits, dogs, 
 and other domestic animals, but beyond this had no idea of becoming 
 the proprietor of a menagerie. He became one by force of accident 
 rather than design. At the London Docks he saw some of the first 
 boa-constrictors imported into England. Most of the ' show folks ' 
 were afraid of and ignorant of managing them, arid from this cause 
 prices gave way a little, and Mr. Wombwell at length ventured to 
 offer 75/. for a pair. They were sold to him, and in the course of
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 three weeks he realised considerably more than that sum by their 
 exhibition, a circumstance which he always confessed made him 
 partial to the serpent species, as it was his first introduction to the 
 4 profession.' From this time he became a regular c showman,' 
 visiting c Bartlemy,' Camberwell, Croydon, and the other suburban 
 fairs, likewise the great fairs at Nottingham and Birmingham, which 
 were considered next to the defunct ' Bartlemy ' the best in England. 
 He also travelled in Scotland to Glasgow and Paisley, and in Ireland 
 to the famed Donnybrook, which lasts eight days. He died 
 November i6th, 1850, at Northallerton, Yorkshire, aged 72. Of 
 late years he had been very successful in breeding, and possessed at 
 the time of his death more than twenty lions and five elephants, in 
 addition to an unrivalled collection of other wild animals. The 
 cost of his establishments, for he possessed three, was on an average 
 at least I05/. a day. His caravans amounted to upwards of forty, 
 and his stud the finest breed of draught-horses varied from no 
 to 1 20. The expenses of his bands were estimated at 4.0!. per 
 week, while the amount he paid for turnpike tolls in the course of a 
 year formed a prominent item in his expenditure. Even the ale of 
 one of his elephants came to something throughout the twelve 
 months, to say nothing of loaves, grass, and hay at the rate of 
 1 68 Ibs. per diem. Wombwell had not only amassed a handsome 
 independence, but he left a large inheritance in the shape of three 
 monstre travelling menageries, with a collection of birds and wild 
 animals perhaps unequalled in Europe, at least as the property of an 
 individual. 
 
 In a newspaper of March ijth, 1805, is the following paragraph, 
 which, perhaps, may refer to the subject of the preceding notice : 
 ' The curiosity of the Public has been for these two or three days 
 most singularly excited by some of the softest sounds ever heard, 
 issuing from a house of Mr. Latham in Compton Street, Soho, 
 which, on inquiry, are the notes of two black swans, a male and a 
 female, just arrived in the Albion South-sea whaler from Botany
 
 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 89, 
 
 Bay. The singularity of these extraordinary creatures' wind-pipes is. 
 such as to form the softest and most harmonious sounds ever yet 
 heard. Sir Joseph Banks had three on board the same ship ; but 
 we regret most exceedingly that two of them died on the voyage, 
 and that the other is in a dying state. From these two, however, it 
 is hoped a breed may be introduced to this country.' 
 
 COMPTON STREET (NEW). 
 
 New Compton Street, when first formed, was denominated 
 Stiddolph Street, from Sir William Stiddolph, who had a house and 
 grounds here. This and the intermediate streets originally formed 
 part of the site of the Hospital grounds. Strype, in 1720, calls it 
 * Stedwel-street,' and says, c very ordinary both for buildings and 
 inhabitants. This place crosseth Stacies street, thence falleth into 
 Kendrick Yard, and so into St. Giles's by the church. Out of 
 Stedwel Street is Vinegar Yard, which leadeth into Phoenix Street, 
 butting on Hog Lane, against the French church, and runs down to 
 the backside of St. Giles's churchyard, where there is a little passage 
 into Lloyd's Court, &c. All these streets and places are very meanly 
 built and as ordinarily inhabited ; the greatest part by French and 
 of the poorest sort.' 
 
 J. T. Smith, who was born in 1766, says in his Book for a 
 Rainy Day, < I must not forget to observe that I recollect the 
 building of most of the houses at the north end of New Compton 
 Street.' There is a little bit of scandal connected with this street in 
 Harry Angelo's Reminiscences,* which is worth transcribing : 
 
 ' Returning from my professional pursuits,' says the gallant fencing- 
 master, ' at the corner of New Compton Street, my feelings were power- 
 fully excited by the figure of a young woman, meanly attired, in the attitude 
 of dejection, leaning against the post. Pausing some time, I could not resist 
 speaking to her, and said, " My poor girl, you seem to be very unhappy ; 
 can I be of service to you ? " Several times did I address her without effect, 
 
 * Vol. ii., p. 236.
 
 90 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 nor would she even look at me ; I was disconcerted, and with some zeal 
 (at the moment seeing-an acquaintance coming towards me) said, "Will you 
 be here to-night at eight?" With a deep-drawn sigh, she replied, " Yes." 
 I was punctual ; so was she. I then begged of her to relate to me her 
 circumstances, and the misfortune that had brought her into that condition. 
 She made no hesitation in declaring her forlorn situation, with an assurance 
 that she had not tasted food that day, the truth of which she proved by the 
 voracious manner in which she devoured some biscuits I ordered to be 
 placed before her. 
 
 ' She said her Christian name was Emma, but when I urged her to 
 inform me of the particulars of her story, she declined, and I could only 
 obtain a promise to meet me again at the same hour and place the next 
 night. Most deeply did I regret the circumstance which prevented me from 
 accomplishing my promise, for I felt that I had lost her. It frequently 
 happens that the features and figure of a female will excite a powerful 
 interest a desire to know the past, the present, and the future. It was 
 late in life before the book of fate was opened to me, and I there read that 
 this disconsolate girl, this poor, interesting figure, absorbed in deep dejection, 
 supported by a post in Compton Street, had been destined to occupy an im- 
 portant place in high circles. 
 
 ' To return to my narrative. Not many days afterwards, while I was 
 taking my walk amongst the beaux and belles in Kensington Gardens, my 
 disconsolate beauty appeared to me again, accompanied by two elegantes, 
 who could be compared to her only because they were dressed alike. Not 
 now the dejected female in mean attire, but with a countenance beaming 
 with pleasure, she appeared in all the grandeur of fashion. She approached 
 me, saw my surprise, and immediately relieved me by saying she lived at 
 Mrs. Kelly's, Arlington Street. For some short time after I frequently saw 
 her in the abbess's carriage, when suddenly she disappeared, and the on dit 
 at the time was that Sir H. F. had taken her from thence under his pro- 
 tection. Fortune favoured me once more with the sight of my absent fair. 
 Two years after I saw her in Rathbone Place (not gaudily attired, as I 
 beheld her in Kensington Gardens, but in the deepest mourning habiliments), 
 walking with a solemn pace. She informed me that she lived in the 
 Paddington Road, No. 14 Oxford Street ; that at present she owed her ease 
 and affluence to F. G. [Charles Francis Greville], and that both honour
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 91 
 
 and gratitude forbade her to meet me again. We parted. Many years 
 after I could have appeared before her in the presence of her husband, who 
 (with Lord Pembroke and Lord Charles Spencer) was my god-father. The 
 once disconsolate Emma [Hart] became afterwards the renowned Lady 
 Hamilton. Of what strange events is human life composed ! The poor 
 girl whom I met in wretchedness and poverty was next the delight of the 
 gay world at Naples, and her accomplishments made her the admiration of 
 all that knew her.' 
 
 In the Recollections of the Life of Dr. Scott, Lord Nelson's 
 chaplain, it is said with regard to the Admiral's unfortunate ad- 
 miration of Lady Hamilton, that neither Dr. Scott nor any of his 
 intimate friends believed in its criminality ! It is true that Lady 
 Hamilton, writing to Dr. Scott (September yth, 1806) speaks of 
 4 our virtuous Nelson,' and ' we have innocency on our side,' and 
 * you know the great and virtuous affection he had for me.' It 
 is, however, much to be feared that the tables should be turned, 
 and that the innocency rests with Dr. Scott and his ' intimate 
 friends.' 
 
 At Nelson's death Lady Hamilton had at least 14007. a year, 
 besides the little estate at Merton ; but her vanity and extravagance 
 found this no competence. 
 
 Twenty years after the death of the victor of Trafalgar an 
 unknown female, still preserving the remains of extraordinary beauty, 
 died in a foreign land, in Calais, where, for several years, with 
 reduced means, she had sought an obscure asylum. After her 
 decease the landlord ascertained from her papers that this impoverished 
 stranger was Lady Hamilton, the widow of an ambassador, the 
 favourite of the Queen of Naples, and the adored mistress of Nelson ! 
 She was buried by public charity. Nelson, by naming her in his 
 will, had only bequeathed to her the scandal of his attachment and 
 the indignation of his country.* 
 
 * Lamartine's Memoirs of Celebrated Characters. 1860 edit., p. 56.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 CROWN STREET. 
 See HOG LANE. 
 
 DEAN STREET. 
 
 Dean Street extends, in a parallel direction with Frith Street and 
 Greek Street, from Oxford Street to Shaftesbury Avenue. From 
 the rate-books of St. Martin-in-the-Fields it appears that the building 
 of Dean Street was commenced in the year 1681. A very large 
 number of eminent characters have resided here at various times. 
 
 Among the numerous artists associated with Dean Street may be 
 mentioned Sir James Thornhill, who resided at No. 75,* where 
 there still exists a staircase painted by him and partly, it is said, by 
 Hogarth. The floor is of marble, and the walls are painted to 
 represent columns, with figures leaning over a balustrade. F. 
 Hayman lived, in 1769, in the house now divided into Nos. 42 and 
 43. W. Hamilton, R.A., lived at No. 62 in 1786, and at No. 61 
 in 1789. E. H. Baily, R.A., the sculptor of ' Eve at the Fountain/ 
 lived at No. 75 in 1821. W. Behnes, the sculptor, was living at 
 No. 91 in 1824. James Ward, R.A., the animal painter, lived at 
 No. 83 in 1833. 
 
 Michael Angelo Rooker, the artist, died at his lodgings in Dean 
 Street on March 3rd, 1801, and was buried in the churchyard of 
 St. Giles. He first appeared as an engraver, in which capacity he 
 gave early proofs of ability, which were confirmed by his mature 
 productions, excellent specimens of which may be seen in a view of 
 Wollerton Hall, Nottinghamshire, and in many other prints which 
 he engraved. But his talents were not confined to the graver ; he 
 also employed the pencil, and in 1772 exhibited a view of Temple 
 Bar, which he painted as it then appeared. He was for many years 
 
 * In the year 1848, during some structural alterations made to the house, which at that 
 time was occupied by Messrs. Allison & Allison, pianoforte makers, an interesting discovery 
 was made. Upon removing a marble chimney-piece in the front drawing-room four or five 
 visiting cards were found, one having the name ' Isaac Newton ' on it. The names were all 
 written on the back of common playing-cards.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 93 
 
 employed as principal scene-painter to Colman's Theatre in the 
 Haymarket, and in a burlesque piece performed on that stage his 
 name was announced to the public in the bills of the day with an 
 Italianised termination, * Signer Rookerini.'* He painted a large 
 number of topographical subjects, chiefly in water-colours, and 
 in small figure subjects for book embellishments he equalled De 
 Loutherbourg. Boaden says, c When a child I remember looking 
 over him in the front of the house, while with a rapid pencil he 
 freely, but adequately, sketched the procession of the Jubilee as the 
 characters passed.'-j- 
 
 George Henry Harlow, the painter, resided at No. 83 Dean 
 Street, where he died on February 4th, 1819, in his thirty-second 
 year. This promising young artist studied first under Drummond, 
 and afterwards under Sir Thomas Lawrence, after which he went to 
 Italy. Previous, however, to his going abroad he painted several 
 highly interesting pictures, and amongst them the celebrated portraits 
 of the Kemble family in the trial scene in King Henry VIII. 
 During his residence at Rome, in 1818, he made a copy of Raphael's 
 1 Transfiguration,' and executed a composition of his own, which 
 was exhibited by Canova, and afterwards at the Academy of St. 
 Luke's. Poor Harlow was the intimate friend of Thomas 
 Tomkison, the eminent pianoforte maker of Dean Street, and his 
 constant correspondent while in Italy. Mr. Tomkison was well 
 known to all the artists of his day as a first-rate judge of the 
 paintings of the old masters. 
 
 In fact, Dean Street and some of the neighbouring streets were 
 at one time a celebrated artists' quarter, although the eminent 
 inhabitants of the locality were by no means confined to members 
 of that profession. 
 
 Among literary characters, Mrs. Thrale's name appears. She 
 was living in Dean Street in 1760, before her marriage. 
 
 * Edwards' Anecdotet of Painters, p. 264 t Life ofj. P. Kemble, ii., p. 295.
 
 94 
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 Mrs. Chapone, according to Madame D'Arblay, lived at c No. 7 
 or 8 Dean Street, Soho.' This lady was the authoress of Letters on the- 
 Improvement of the Mind and several other works, which were 
 brought together and published, after her death, in two octavo 
 volumes (1807). Her maiden name was Mulso. She married Mr. 
 Chapone, a young lawyer, in 1760, and died at the age of seventy- 
 four, on Christmas Day, 1801. 
 
 Joseph Cradock, M.A., F.S.A., to whom Dr. Farmer addressed 
 his celebrated letter on The Learning of Shakespeare in 1776, lived for 
 four years in Dean Street. He says in his Literary Memoirs^ ' The 
 house which I inhabited in Dean Street, Soho, was by far too good 
 for me ; but my friend Mr. Cockburne, who was then Comptroller 
 of the Navy, offered me his thirteen years' lease, after he had laid 
 out near a thousand pounds, merely by the exchange of names. 
 Being absent from London, and a great mob requiring every house 
 to be illuminated for Wilkes's birthday, mine suffered most severely. 
 The street was then paving, and on my arrival I found large stones 
 in my drawing-room upstairs on the carpet. The damage was 
 estimated at several hundred pounds ; and as I then wished to reside 
 in the country, by an exchange of names again I parted with the 
 remaining term to Dr. Newcome, just promoted to the see of St. 
 Asaph.'* 
 
 Whilst Mr. Cradock was smarting from the effects of the violence 
 of Wilkes's mob, he published an ironical pamphlet entitled, The 
 Life of John Wilkes^ Esq.^ in the Manner of Plutarch ; being a 
 specimen of a larger work. London, J. Wilkie, 1773. 8vo. 
 
 Dr. Farmer was a frequent guest at Mr. Cradock's house in Dean 
 Street, from whence the doctor's sister was married to the Hon. and 
 Rev. Mr. Byron, prebendary of Durham. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Richard Hind, who succeeded Bishop Squire as 
 rector of St. Anne's, Soho, was a near neighbour of Mr. Cradock's 
 during his residence in this street. The latter mentions this in his 
 * Vol. i., p. 22.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 95 
 
 Literary Memoirs^ and gives some account of the doctor's ill- 
 treatment at the hands of the Rev. Thomas Martyn. 
 
 William Seward, the biographer, died at his lodgings in Dean 
 Street, Soho, on the 24th of April, 1799. This gentleman was born 
 in London in 1 747. He received his education at the Charterhouse, 
 and next at Oxford ; but possessing an independent fortune from his 
 father, who was an eminent brewer, he never followed any pro- 
 fession. He was a Fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies, 
 and lived on terms of intimacy with Dr. Johnson and other eminent 
 literary characters. In 1789 he communicated a collection of 
 anecdotes to the European Magazine under the head of c Drossiana ; ' 
 and in 1794 he republished them with additions, in two volumes, 
 with the title of Anecdotes of some Distinguished Persons^ chiefly of the 
 Present and Two Preceding Centuries. To these he added three 
 more volumes, and in 1799 a similar work, with the title of 
 Biographiana^ 2 vol. 8vo. 
 
 ' The celebrated Mr. Home Tooke,' say Harry Angelo, ' lived 
 in Richmond Buildings, Dean Street, Soho, within a hundred yards 
 of our house. He frequently was a visitor there ; and he used 
 to amuse old Mr. Sheridan, and some others, by singing a parody on 
 " God save the King." ' 
 
 The late John Taylor says : 
 
 ' I was acquainted with this gentleman many years and always found 
 him polite and good-humoured. I was first introduced to him when he 
 resided in Richmond Buildings, by Mr. Arthur Murphy, and though I did 
 not adopt his political principles, he was too agreeable and too instructive 
 a companion for me not to cultivate the connection. He told me, soon after 
 I became acquainted with him, that he knew who Junius was at the time of 
 his public correspondence with him ; and when I expressed my surprise 
 that he did not contrive to answer his formidable assailant in a private manner, 
 he declared he became acquainted with him under such circumstances of 
 honourable secrecy that it would have been treachery in him to avow his 
 knowledge.'
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 In another part of his amusing volumes, the same writer says : 
 
 ' I once called on him (Home Tooke) in Richmond Buildings, with 
 Mr. Merry, the poet, just as the latter was on the eve of being married to 
 Miss Brunton, the actress. In the course of conversation, Mr. Tooke ad- 
 verted to this intended marriage, and directing his discourse to me said, " I 
 told this gentleman that I was once as near the danger of matrimony as he 
 is at present, but an old friend to whom I looked with reverence for his 
 wisdom and experience, gave me the following advice : ' You must first,' 
 said he, ' consider the person of the lady, and endeavour to satisfy yourself 
 that if she has excited, she is likely to secure your admiration. You must 
 deeply scrutinize her mind, reflect whether she possesses a rate of intellect 
 that would be likely to render her an intelligent companion ; if you are 
 satisfied she does, you are to examine her temper, and if you find it amiable, 
 -and not likely to irritate your own on any occasion, you must proceed to 
 obtain all the information you can procure respecting her parents and other 
 relatives, and if you have no reason to object to their being your relations 
 and companions, you must then inquire who and what are her friends, for 
 you must not expect her to sacrifice all her old connections when she 
 becomes your wife; and if you find them agreeable people, and not likely to 
 be burthensome or intrusive, and are quite satisfied with the prospect, you 
 may then order your wedding clothes, and fix the day for the marriage. 
 When the bride is dressed suitable to the occasion, the friends at church, 
 and the priest ready to begin, you should get upon your horse and ride 
 away from the place as fast and as far as your horse could carry you.' " 
 This counsel, added Mr. Tooke, from one who was thoroughly acquainted 
 with the world, made me investigate the nature of wedlock ; and consider- 
 ing the difficulties attending the advice which he recommended made me 
 resolve never to enter into the happy state.' 
 
 4 Home Tooke,' says Angelo, c removed from Richmond Build- 
 ings to Frith Street, near to the house of the elder Sheridan, and 
 there my father used to go and play backgammon with these two 
 and General Melville, sometimes for nearly the whole night* 
 
 Madame Vestris was born in Dean Street, next Miss Kelly's 
 theatre, which was No. 73, and is now known as the New Royalty
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 97 
 
 Theatre. Accounts of this theatre, and also of Dean Street Music 
 Room, once celebrated for its musical entertainments, and now 
 occupied by St. Anne's Schools, will be found in another part of 
 this volume. 
 
 The following are some interesting items, of a miscellaneous 
 character, relating to the history of Dean Street. 
 
 Theodore, King of Corsica, was so reduced as to lodge in a 
 garret in this street. A number of gentlemen made a collection 
 for his relief, and the chairman of their committee informed him by 
 letter that on a particular day, at twelve o'clock, two of the society 
 would wait upon his Majesty with the money. To give his attic 
 apartment an air of royalty, the poor monarch placed an armchair on 
 his half-testered bed, and seating himself under the scanty canopy, gave 
 what he thought might serve as the representation of a throne. 
 When his two visitors entered the room, he graciously held out 
 his right hand, that they might have the honour of kissing it. 
 
 4 On Sunday last' (July ist, 1764), runs a contemporary adver- 
 tisement, c died Mrs. Harris, many years mistress of the " Blue 
 Posts," opposite St. Anne's Church, Soho. She weighed upwards 
 of forty stone, horseman's weight, and was reckoned the largest 
 woman not only in England, but in all Europe; and equalled the 
 late famous Mr. Bright, of Maldon in Essex.' The dimensions of 
 the coffin made for the body of Mrs. Harris were 6 feet 6 inches 
 in length, 3 feet 3 inches in breadth, and 2 feet I inch in depth, 
 internal measurement. In order to bring the coffin out of the house, 
 it was found necessary to take out one of the windows. 
 
 An advertisement in a newspaper, dated January iQth, 1771, 
 reads : * Mr. Evans, performer on the Triple Harp, takes this 
 method to inform the Nobility and Gentry of his arrival in Town, 
 and that he will wait on them at their houses, by directing a line 
 to him at Jack's Coffee House, Dean Street, Soho.' 
 
 ' Jobson's Puppet Show ' was established at the ' Duke's Head,' 
 in this street, a public-house situated at the corner of the courtyard 
 
 H
 
 9 8 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 and stables of the Bishop of London's house. In 1797 Jobson was 
 hauled up before the magistrates for making his puppets talk, and 
 thereby infringing upon the province of the regular actors. 
 
 At No. 28 Dean Street died, in 1747, Joseph Franciscus Nollekens, 
 the father of the celebrated Joseph Nollekens. The latter was born 
 at the same house on August nth, 1737. 
 
 Old Turner, the father of the eminent painter, was a hair-dresser 
 in Dean Street, and used to dress the hair of Tomkison, the piano- 
 forte-maker. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Smith, a great scholar and antiquary, lived and 
 died in this street. He died in 1710, and was buried in St. Anne's 
 Church privately and late at night, in accordance with his desire. 
 None were invited to the funeral but six clergymen, who were the 
 pall-bearers. Hearne, in one of his diaries, records the fact that 
 Dr. Smith was buried between ten and eleven at night, and that 
 ' he left the writer of these matters an excellent and large collection 
 of MS. papers and books.' The MSS. and some of the printed 
 books, with MS. notes, are now preserved in the Bodleian Library, 
 to which they came on Hearne's decease. 
 
 Ralph Willett, the well-known book-collector and virtuoso, had 
 a house in this street. His seat Merly House, Dorsetshire was 
 remarkable for the sumptuous room built for his magnificent library. 
 He died in 1813, and the Merly House Library was disposed of by 
 auction, by Messrs. Leigh & Sotheby, in December of the same 
 year. The sale occupied seventeen days. 
 
 No. 17 Dean Street served at one time for the library of Sir 
 Joseph Banks, which has since been deposited in the British Museum. 
 Robert Brown, Keeper of the Botanical Department in the British 
 Museum, lived in this house for upwards of thirty years, and died 
 there in 1858.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 99 
 
 FRITH STREET. 
 (Also know as THRIFT STREET.) 
 
 Frith Street, extending from Soho Square southwards to Shaftes- 
 bury Avenue, is one of the old streets of Soho, having been built 
 a.bout the year 1680. Hatton says of it : ' Frith Street, a very con- 
 siderable street between King's (or Soho) Square .... and King 
 
 Street near St. Anne's Church This street was so called 
 
 from Mr. Fryth, a great (and once Rich) Builder.' The name of 
 this builder appears, however, to have been Thrift, and in early in- 
 stances where this street is mentioned it is often called Thrift Street. 
 Strype's edition of Stow speaks of it as being 'graced with good 
 Buildings well inhabited, especially towards Golden Square.' 
 
 In the London Gazette of October i6th, 1693, is the following 
 notice : 'At the Caesar's Head in Frith Street, near So-Hoe Square, 
 every Wednesday and Thursday, may be seen a Collection of original 
 Medals, being the entire work of Mr. George Bower deceased. As 
 likewise several others of the most eminent masters ; where those 
 who are curious may be accommodated.' 
 
 George Bower was a medallist and die-engraver of considerable 
 distinction. The large medal of the Earl of Shaftesbury is considered 
 his best work ; but he also engraved some other celebrated medals, 
 including those of Charles II., James II., and others. 
 
 Richard Osbaldiston, Bishop of London, was one of the many 
 eminent inhabitants of Frith Street. He died there in 1764. A 
 cutting from a newspaper, dated May, 1764, informs us: 'To- 
 morrow morning (May 23rd) early the corpse of the late Lord 
 Bishop of London will be carried from his late dwelling in Thrift 
 Street, Soho, in order to be interred at his seat in Yorkshire.' The 
 Bishop's house in Soho was a magnificent one, and its painted 
 staircase was long spoken of by old inhabitants of the locality. It 
 was burned down, with many others, in 1803. 
 
 Frith Street was the abode of the great musician, Mozart, during
 
 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 
 
 his sojourn in London when a boy. The house in which he 
 resided is No. 21, and is now occupied by Messrs. Osborne, 
 Garratt, & Co. The following is a copy of an interesting adver- 
 tisement, which appeared on March 8th, 1763 : 
 
 ' Mr. Mozart, the father of the celebrated young musical Family, who 
 have so justly raised the Admiration of the greatest Musicians of Europe, 
 proposes to give the Public an Opportunity of hearing these young Pro- 
 digies perform both in public and private by giving on the I3th of this 
 month a Concert, which will be chiefly conducted by his son a boy of 
 Eight years of Age, with all the overtures of his own composition. 
 Tickets may be had at 5/. each of Mr. Mozart at Mr. Williamson's in 
 Thrift Street, Soho, where Ladies and Gentlemen will find the Family at 
 home every Day in the Week from 12 till 2 o'clock, and have an oppor- 
 tunity of putting his Talents to a more particular proof by giving him any- 
 thing to play at sight, or any Music without a Bass, which he will write 
 upon the Spot without recurring to his harpsichord.' 
 
 Sir Samuel Romilly was born at a house in Frith Street, on 
 March ist, 1757. 
 
 William Duncombe, an author of considerable literary attain- 
 ments, was living in Frith Street in 1735. He had the advantage of 
 a classical education, the fruits of which he began to show in his 
 twenty-fifth year, in a translation of the Twenty-ninth Ode of the 
 First Book of Horace, in the edition of that poet published in 1715, 
 commonly known as ' The Wit's Horace.' He subsequently published 
 several poems, originals and translations, criticisms and pamphlets. 
 He obtained a share in the Whitehall Evening Post^ to the columns 
 of which he frequently contributed ; he obtained a share also in a 
 lottery ticket for iooo/., drawn in 1725, and, as he married the lady 
 who divided the ticket with him, the moiety was merged in the 
 whole. A few years later, he distinguished himself by publishing 
 some animadversions on the Beggar's Opera^ then in great vogue, in 
 which he exhibited the ill effects likely to arise from such representa-
 
 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 
 
 tions of vice and profligacy. He was the author of a tragedy, called 
 Lucius Junius Brutus, which was brought out at Drury Lane, but 
 met with such a powerful rival in the singer, Farinelli, who was then 
 bewitching the town, that his play was acted but six nights ; and 
 though the performance was repeated, and the tragedy published a 
 month later, with a dedication to Lord Chief Justice Hardwicke, 
 it did not take with the public. In the Memoirs of Viscountess Sundon 
 (vol. i., p. 394), a letter is printed from the author to that lady, 
 headed c Frith-street, Soho,' in which he endeavours to clear himself 
 of the charge which had been made against him of attacking the 
 Government in the said play. The failure of this play may have 
 caused Mr. Duncombe to turn his back on the stage, but he con- 
 tinued to retain a respectable position as a miscellaneous writer, 
 contributing to the World and other periodicals, and bringing out 
 translations of his favourite Latin authors, Cicero and Horace. He 
 was much esteemed by many eminent men, particularly by John, 
 Earl of Cork and Orrery, who published Letters to Mr. Duncombe 
 from Italy, and Dr. Herring, Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1763 
 he published his Remarks on Lord Bolingbroke's Notion of a God, 
 which were greatly approved of by the religious world. He died 
 February I3th, 1769, at the age of seventy-nine. 
 
 John Bannister, or 'Jack' Bannister, as he was universally called, 
 lived for some years at No. 2 Frith Street. Angelo tells a 
 characteristic story of old Macklin's dining with him here which 
 is worth repeating : 
 
 'Macklin, at his advanced time of life, often lost his memory. At the 
 time my friend, John Bannister, lived in Frith-street, he was invited there ; 
 John Kemble was of the party, and Macklin was continually calling on him 
 whenever he had anything that suited his palate, " Indeed, Mr. Kemble, 
 you have an excellent cook ; your soup is rich and glutinous." Then, 
 again : " Where do you buy your fish ? I like its firmness." " Shall we 
 take another glass of your East-India traveller Madeira?" This went on 
 during dinner, little thinking of all the civilities he was receiving from the
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 generous host. After dinner one of the bottles of claret was not considered 
 good by the rest of the company, but Macklin preferring it to any other, 
 seized it himself, at the same time placing the bottle before him. " This is 
 supernaculum, Mr. Kemble," said he ; " you must have had it from 
 Dublin ; it has the true kaut gout." As to Bannister, Macklin merely said, 
 "What ! are you here to meet me, Jack?'"* 
 
 The jovial parties at Jack Bannister's were not always of the 
 same quiet character, if the following newspaper paragraph can be 
 relied on : 
 
 'At an entertainment given in Frith-street, Soho, to which Lord 
 Barrymore and his brother were invited, Young Cripplegate, in a frolic, 
 
 took a large pair of snuffers, and walking to the back of Mr. A 's 
 
 [Angelo's] chair, fastened them on that gentleman's nose with such violence 
 as to cause the blood, after they were taken off, to pour out at the nostrils. 
 Mr. A., as soon as it was stopped, seized the young imp of wickedness, and 
 laying him across his knee, chastised him with a small cane on that part 
 where no bones can be broke, in a severe manner, to the satisfaction and 
 high diversion of a very large company.' 
 
 The Barrymore family, two of whose members figure in this 
 joke, occupy a conspicuous place among the c eccentrics ' of the past 
 age. They were four in number. 4 Hellgate,' the elder brother 
 the lord ; 4 Cripplegate,' the club - footed brother, the doughty 
 knight of the snuffers ; l Newgate,' the Hon. and Rev. brother, 
 who had been in nearly every prison in England but the one from 
 which he took his title ; and, lastly, the sister, c Billingsgate,' who 
 derived her appellation from her peculiar predilection for the forms 
 of expression made use of in the fish market. 
 
 But to return to Bannister's hospitable abode. An amusing 
 description of John Kemble's wedding day is given in Boaden's 
 memoirs. This great actor married Mrs. Brereton on the 8th of 
 December, 1787. * After they were married in the morning, Mrs. 
 
 * Angetit Reminiscences , ii., 93-94.
 
 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 103 
 
 Bannister, who accompanied the bride to church, asked where they 
 intended to eat their wedding dinner. My friend had made no 
 particular arrangement on this important occasion, and said " he did 
 not know; at home, he supposed." Mrs. Bannister, upon this in- 
 formation that they were really disengaged, said if they would 
 honour Mr. Bannister and herself by partaking of their family dinner 
 in Frith Street, they should feel flattered by such a mark of their 
 regard. Mr. Kemble, who really esteemed Bannister, cheerfully 
 assented. An early dinner was prepared, for both Bannister and 
 Mrs. Kemble acted in The West Indian that evening. Kemble 
 arrived rather tardily ; they began even to fear that he would not 
 come ; and some surprise, perhaps alarm, crept among the little 
 circle above stairs ; when, at last, he was seen very deliberately 
 approaching the door, and good-humour revived upon his entrance. 
 A Miss Guy, a friend of Mrs. Bannister's, dined with them. Soon 
 after the cloth was removed Mrs. Kemble and Mr. Bannister went 
 off to the theatre, to act the parts of Belcour and Louisa Dudley 
 in The West Indian, and Gradus and Miss Doiley in IVho's the 
 Dupe ? The play-bills of the day did not anticipate, but styled her 
 Mrs. Brereton. The day following she was put up as Mrs. Kemble, 
 for Lady Anne in Richard III. ; but it was Smith, and not her own 
 husband, who, in the part of that monster, exclaimed to her so un- 
 gallantly, " With all my heart / hate you." The remainder of the 
 wedding day is soon told. Kemble sat amusing himself till the 
 evening in the drawing-room, occasionally playing with the children 
 in their own way ; and when it grew late, he ordered a coach to take 
 him to the play-house, from which he brought home his wife to the 
 house in Caroline Street, Bedford Square, which had been prepared 
 for her reception.'* 
 
 Among the inhabitants of this street whose names add lustre to 
 the locality was the family of the Sheridans. Harry Angelo, who 
 
 * Boaden's Memoirs of the Life of John Kemble, i., 375-6.
 
 io 4 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 used to take lessons from both father and son in the histrionic art,, 
 says, speaking of the elder Sheridan : 
 
 ' The manner of this celebrated teacher of elocution, however, was not 
 quite so bland as that of his illustrious son, the late Richard Brinsley, who, 
 I have said before, was the friend of my youth. He undertook to teach 
 me to read with propriety, which advantage, like many another, I lament 
 to say I did not sufficiently profit by, from that levity of disposition which 
 too early proved that I was not destined by the fates to become other than. 
 I am. I was allowed to go and receive my lesson from him three 
 mornings in each week, at his father's house, the family then residing in 
 Frith-street, Soho, within a hundred yards of my father's. Nothing could 
 be more dissimilar, I was about to observe, than the temper and manner of 
 my two instructors ; with the elder Sheridan all was pomposity and im- 
 patience. He had a trick of hemming, to clear his throat, and as I was not 
 apt, he urged me on with, " Hem hem heiugh em, boy, you mumble 
 like a bee in a tar-bottle ; why do you not catch your tone from me ? 
 Heugh heium exalt your voice up with it ! Ceesar sends health to 
 Cato. Cannot you deliver your words, hem hem heiugh m m m, 
 with a perspicuous pronunciation, Sir ? " 
 
 ' With his son Richard it was, " Bravo, Harry ; now again ; courage, 
 my boy. Well said, my young Trojan." 
 
 ' The elder Sheridan had many oddities, humours, and little peculiarities 
 which, I recollect, even in my boyhood used to excite my notice. Our 
 families, as I have before observed, were almost inseparable. Miss Betsy 
 Sheridan, the youngest of the daughters, and I being nearly of an age, were 
 friends and playmates. I frequently dined there. Their own family circle 
 were papa and mamma Sheridan as I was allowed to call them when a 
 little boy, Mr. Charles, the elder son, my friend Richard Brinsley, and the 
 elder daughter, afterwards Mrs. Lefanu.' * 
 
 Isaac Swainson, an eminent shell-collector, the author of Exotic 
 Conchology^ or Figures and Descriptions of Rare^ Beautiful^ and Un- 
 described Shells, lived for upwards of forty years in this street. His 
 warehouse was No. 21, and he was the proprietor and vendor of 
 
 * Reminiscences, I., zgS^oo.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 105 
 
 M. De Velnos's vegetable syrup, a specific for the scurvy of world- 
 wide repute. It was formed of the roots, plants, and flowers of 
 Nigritia, discovered by M. John Joseph Vergely de Velnos in one of 
 his voyages to the Levant. The receipt was purchased by Mr. 
 Swainson of Dr. Mercier, of Frith Street, and proved a profitable 
 speculation. Nevertheless, he seems to have been involved in a 
 dispute with a Dr. Edward Baylis, who either had, or pretended to 
 have, a copy of the original receipt. Several pamphlets and broad- 
 sides were issued by the belligerent parties, between 1775 and 1787, 
 in one of which Dr. Baylis says of his opponent : 4 In consideration 
 of those gentlemen who had taken you from your late servitude as a 
 shopman to a woollen-draper in King Street, Covent Garden, and 
 placed you in your present station, I have long forbore exposing both 
 your situation and your false insinuations respecting the vegetable 
 syrup prepared by me being poisoned with antimony, mercury, &c., 
 as you have so termed it in your Appendix to your Letters to a 
 Friend^ and in your Cautions to the Public^ &c.' 
 
 It appears from a pamphlet of twenty-four pages issued by the 
 same party M. De Felnos's Vegetable Syrup faithfully prepared 
 from the original receipt^ by Edward Baylis, M.D. that c Jane de 
 Velnos, widow, late of Paris, but now of Dean Street, Soho,' was 
 also a vendor of her husband's syrup. 
 
 Isaac Swainson died at his house in Frith Street in 1812. There 
 is a half-sheet portrait of him by Scriven. 
 
 The Venetian Ambassador lived in this street in great state. 
 He arrived in London on the 8th of October, 1745, and his wife 
 shortly afterwards gave a masquerade at her 'Thrift Street' mansion, 
 the splendour of which excited much admiration. 
 
 In a single room up two pair of stairs in this street lived Mrs. 
 Inchbald, and here, in the winter of 1790, she wrote her Simple 
 Story. 
 
 Edmund Kean, the great actor, passed his infancy with a poor 
 couple in Frith Street ; and at No. 64 his successor, Macready, was
 
 106 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 in lodgings when he made his first appearance as Orestes in The 
 Distressed Mother^ September 6th, 1816. 
 
 The following are brief particulars of some of the many cele- 
 brated persons whose names are closely associated with this 
 street: 
 
 Lady Frances Hewitt died in this street in March, 1756. Her 
 furniture, pictures, jewels, library, china, &c., were sold on the 
 premises on April 5th, 1756. 
 
 Sir Theodore Janssen, late Chamberlain of London, who had 
 been a bankrupt in his Mayoralty, lodged for several years obscurely 
 in this street, until, by his self-denial and economy, he was 
 enabled to call his creditors together and pay them twenty shillings 
 in the pound with interest, which he did. He was living here in 
 1765. 
 
 J. F. Rigaud, an Associate of the Royal Academy, lodged ' at 
 Mr. Luther's,' Frith Street, in 1772. 
 
 S. Vardon, an artist who was principally famous for flower and 
 fruit pieces, and who exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1775, lived 
 at 29 Frith Street. 
 
 Margaret King, whose name appears in the Royal Academy 
 catalogue of 1779, lived at No. 44 Frith Street. 
 
 Fischer, a celebrated oboe-player, lived, in 1776, at No. 23. 
 
 John Alexander Gresse, 'drawing master to the Royal Princesses' 
 and an artist of eminence, resided many years in Frith Street. He 
 died February igth, 1794, aged fifty-three, and was buried in St. 
 Anne's Church. 
 
 The following names and addresses in this street are copied from 
 the Royal Academy catalogues : 
 
 W. Pether II Frith Street, 1781. 
 
 H. Edridge 12 1786. 
 
 J. Henderson 14 1786. 
 
 J. Laporte 14 1787. 
 
 Ramberg 3 1788.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 107 
 
 S. Hewson 48 Frith Street, 1789. 
 
 A. Bach 49 1798. 
 
 J. Constable 49 1811. 
 
 John T. Smith resided in Frith Street in 1797, and the preface 
 of his Remarks on Rural Scenery is dated from his house here. 
 
 Arthur Murphy lived at No. 28 in 1801. 
 
 In 1819 J. B. Troye exhibited, at No. 20 Frith Street, a model 
 of Mont Blanc and the Valley of Chamouni, executed in wood. 
 
 One of the most illustrious names associated with the history of 
 this locality is that of William Hazlitt, the essayist and critic, who 
 lived in lodgings at No. 6 Frith Street. Here, after suffering much 
 distress, in consequence of the failure of the publisher of his Life of 
 Napoleon^ he died on September i8th, 1830. Charles Lamb, Mr. 
 Hessey, and his own son were at his bedside when he died. His last 
 words were, ' Well, I have led a happy life !' 
 
 His remains were laid to rest in the neighbouring churchyard 
 of St. Anne's, where a pompous and extravagant epitaph com- 
 memorates his name. 
 
 The following advertisements relating to Frith Street are of 
 considerable interest on account of the light they throw upon what 
 may be called the internal history of the district in the early part of 
 the eighteenth century : 
 
 ' A Collection of Pictures and other Curiosities belonging to the 
 ingenious Dr. Wall, deceased, will be sold by auction at his late 
 dwelling-house, the Two White Posts in Frith Street, St. Anne's, Soho, 
 to-morrow, the 22nd inst' (September, 1710.) 
 
 ' A Sale of Goods belonging to Mrs. Essex, will be disposed of on 
 Monday next the 26th instant at Mr. Hume's Dancing School, in Frith 
 Street, Soho, beginning at I o in the Morning. The Goods are to be seen 
 at a French Chirurgeon's, in Mary-bone Street near Golden Square till the 
 sale.' (Tatter, 1710.) 
 
 'This is to give Notice, That the Sale of Plate and other valuable 
 Goods at Mr. Bevan's, Undertaker, in Bloomsbury Market, will be drawn
 
 io8 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 on Friday the 25th inst. at Mr. Hume's Dancing School, in Thrift Street, 
 near Soho. There are still a few tickets left to be disposed of at the place 
 aforesaid.' (Tatler, No. 214. 1710.) 
 
 ' Notice is hereby given, That the Sale of Goods which are to be seen at 
 Mrs. Edward's House in York Buildings, will be drawn on Tuesday the 
 1 2th Instant at Mr. Hume's Dancing School, in Thrift Street, near Soho 
 Square, there being but few Tickets left, which are to be disposed of at 
 is. each at the Place aforesaid.' (Tatler, No. 221. 1710.) 
 
 'For the Benefit of Signiora Lody, z^th of April, 1711, at Hume's 
 Dancing School, in Frith Street, Soho, will be a Concert of Vocal and 
 Instrumental Music ; a new Cantata with a Solo on the Harpsichord, 
 performed by Mr. Babell, junior, with variety of Concertas and other 
 Pieces, compos'd and performed by Mr. Corbett and other of the best 
 Masters, Beginning at 7 o'clock. Tickets are to be had at the Smyrna 
 Coffee House and at the Door at 51. each.' 
 
 ' Whereas Mr. Pert, French Dancing Master, who has lately taken the 
 great Dancing Room at the corner of Thrifts Street, Soho, Teaches there 
 every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday ; If any Ladies and Gentlemen desire 
 to be taught at their own Houses, send to him, he will wait upon them.' 
 (Spectator, January, 1712.) 
 
 John Sagnier advertised the sale of diamonds, jewels, &c., at the 
 'Diamond Cross in Frith Street, Soho,' in 1758. 
 
 In Kerslake's catalogue, a copy of the Beauties of Handel is 
 mentioned, bound by the Comte de Caumont, a French refugee 
 nobleman, who practised bookbinding, and lived at No. I Frith 
 Street, Soho. 
 
 GERRARD STREET. 
 
 Gerrard Street, according to the rate-books of St. Martin's, was 
 built about the year 1681, and was so called after Charles Gerard, 
 the first Earl of Macclesfield. ' Henry, Prince of Wales/ says 
 Bagford, 'the son of James I., caused a piece of ground, near 
 Leicester-fields, to be walled in for the exercise of arms. Here he 
 built a house, which was standing at the Restoration. It afterwards
 
 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 109 
 
 fell into the hands of the Lord Gerard, who let the ground out to 
 build on. 
 
 Charles Lord Gerard, who descended from the very ancient 
 family of Geraldine, or Fitzgerald, in Ireland, raised a regiment of 
 foot and a troop of horse for Charles I. in the Civil War. He 
 fought in many battles with the ardour of a volunteer, and displayed, 
 at the same time, all the conduct of a veteran. He particularly 
 signalised himself in Wales, where he took the fortresses of Cardigan, 
 Emblin, Langhorne, and Roche, as also the strong town of Haver- 
 fordwest, with the castles of Picton and Carew. He had two 
 brothers and several uncles, who had commands in the royal army. 
 Ratcliffe Gerard, one of his uncles, had three sons, who all fought 
 for the King at the battle of Edge Hill. At the Restoration, Lord 
 Gerard was made Gentleman of the Bedchamber to His Sacred 
 Majesty, Captain of His Majesty's Horse Guards, &c. He was 
 one of the lords who presented the Duke of York, as a popish 
 recusant, at the King's Bench bar in Westminster Hall. He was 
 created Earl of Macclesfield, July 23rd, 1679, and died January 7th, 
 1693-4. 
 
 Scarborough House, the London residence of the Earl of 
 Scarborough, was situated on the northern side of Gerrard Street. 
 
 James Boswell at one time had lodgings in this street, and 
 Charles Kemble and his wife lived in the house in this street which 
 had formerly been Edmund Burke's. In this street also lived and 
 died the Rev. David Williams, the founder of the Literary Fund. 
 The Linnean Society, founded in 1788 and incorporated in 1802, 
 had its offices in Gerrard Street. The most celebrated inhabitant, 
 however, was ' Glorious John ' Dryden. 
 
 Dryden was an early inhabitant. Upon the night of December 
 1 8th, 1679, it will be recollected, he was waylaid by hired ruffians, 
 and severely beaten, as he passed through Rose Street, Covent 
 Garden, returning from Wills' Coffee-house to his own house. His 
 biographers say in Gerard Street, but no part of the street was
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 built then. The facts are these. Dryden, at the time of his 
 marriage, in 1663, lived in the parish of St. Clement Danes.* 
 From 1673 to 1682 he lived in the parish of St. Bride's, Fleet 
 Street, on the water-side of the street, in or near Salisbury Court, 
 and from 1682 to 1686 in a small house on the north side of 
 Long Acre, facing Rose Street, a narrow and circuitous street, 
 the scene of the barbarous assault upon him we have mentioned. f 
 In 1687 he removed to Gerard Street, where he ended his mortal 
 career on May nth, 1700. 
 
 In a letter to Elmes Steward, Esq. (circa 1690), he says : * If 
 either you or your lady shall at any time honour me with a letter, 
 my house is in Gerard-street, the fifth door on the left hand [now 
 No. 43] coming from Newport-street.' From Spence's Anecdotes 
 we learn that he used most commonly to write in the ground room 
 next the street. In the dedication of Don Sebastian (1690) to Lord 
 Leicester, the poet calls himself * a poor inhabitant of his lordship's 
 suburbs, whose best prospect is on the garden of Leicester-house.' 
 
 Leigh Hunt, a congenial spirit, ever at home with the old poets, 
 says : ' I once had duties to perform which kept me out late at 
 night, and severely taxed my health and spirits. My path lay through 
 a neighbourhood in which Dryden lived, and though nothing could 
 be more commonplace, and I used to be tired to the heart and soul 
 of me, I never hesitated to go a little out of the way that I might 
 pass through Gerard-street, and so give myself the shadow of a 
 pleasant thought.' 
 
 GRAFTON STREET. 
 
 Grafton Street, which once led from Gerrard Street to Little 
 Earl Street, was destroyed when Shaftesbury Avenue was con- 
 structed. It was so named from the Dukes of Grafton, to whom 
 some of the property in the immediate neighbourhood belonged. 
 
 * Register of the Church of St. Swithin by London Stone, 
 t Peter Cunningham's note. Johnson 1 i Lives of the Poets, i., 3ZO.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. in 
 
 The mansion of the Dukes of Grafton, shorn of its grace and 
 divided into several tenements for haberdashers of small wares, might 
 still be seen, until recent times, on the right-hand side of the street 
 coming from Newport Market. Next door to the mansion was an 
 antique little chapel of considerable interest, which was built for a 
 French congregation, called ' La Charenton.' 
 
 From certain advertisements early in the eighteenth century it 
 appears that there was a goldsmith's shop in this street bearing the 
 sign of the 'Golden Cup.' In 1793, W. Flaxman, artist, was re- 
 siding at No. 30 Grafton Street. 
 
 GREEK STREET. 
 
 This street, described by Hatton in 1708 as 'pleasant and 
 spacious,' has been by some supposed to have been called after the 
 Christian name of the man who was so closely associated with the 
 formation of Soho Square and the adjacent streets Gregory King 
 it having been called c Grig Street.' A much more natural and 
 reasonable explanation, however, is that it was named after the 
 Greek refugees who at one time were settled hereabout, and whose 
 church, now St. Mary's in Charing Cross Road, was situated in 
 what was in early days known as Hog Lane. Early maps of rhe 
 district support this explanation. 
 
 A great many celebrated characters have lived here, and here 
 was situated c The Turk's Head/ where c The Literary Club ' met, 
 an association to which Dr. Johnson, Boswell, Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
 and many other notable men belonged. It will be found more 
 fully treated in that portion of this volume which relates to taverns, 
 coffee-houses, &c. 
 
 At No. 1 6 in this street was the Musical Museum of Charles 
 Claggett. This ingenious man was grand-nephew to Dr. Nicholas 
 Claggett, Bishop of Exeter, who died in 1746. Elizabeth, Countess 
 of Moira, writing to Dr. Percy, March 3ist, 1786, recommends him 
 to the notice of the good Bishop, and thus states his case :
 
 ii2 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 'Mr. Claggett (though I allow him a salary for accompanying Lady 
 Charlotte with the violin, sufficient to have supported him genteelly) has 
 had the misfortune, like many other worthy personages, not to have practised 
 strict economy, and came to me much in debt. His creditors applying to 
 me, I, at his desire, agreed to the two-thirds of what I paid monthly to 
 him going towards the discharge of what he owed. This diminution of his 
 income obliges him to an exertion of some further industry to maintain his 
 wife and child ; and, though he teaches the harpsichord, violin, guitar, and 
 flute, he meets with no musical souls in his present circle who wish for such 
 instruction. He therefore intends to reassume the profession he was bred 
 to, and which has proved at other times of like distress a lucrative source. 
 In short he wishes to attend at Dromore to teach dancing, if your Lordship 
 has no objection to his exercising his talents in that way in your Lordship's 
 town, and that your Lordship will permit him to hold his school in the 
 Market-house of the said city. Whether he can lead the inhabitants thereof 
 to sacrifice to the Graces I shall not pretend to determine, as it depends on 
 the consent of mutual abilities. If excellence in the performance of a 
 hornpipe is an offering to be placed on their altar, Mr. Claggett may in- 
 troduce some personages to the shrine of these deities. This I assert merely 
 from report, for I own myself ignorant as to the merits of his feet, he only 
 having been employed beneath my roof to teach the guitar and accompany 
 on the violin.'* 
 
 How Claggett sped with the Bishop does not appear ; but in 
 December, 1789, we find him in London, established in Greek 
 Street, and astonishing the town by his discoveries in the construc- 
 tion of musical instruments. I copy his first advertisement : 
 
 ' MUSICAL MUSEUM, 
 No. 16, GREEK STREET, SOHO, 
 
 Will be opened to-morrow morning (Dec. 22, 1789) and continue open 
 every day from twelve o'clock till four, Sundays excepted, 
 
 BY CHARLES CLAGGETT, 
 
 Who has obtained, at different times, his Majesty's Letters Patent for several 
 improvements on Musical Instruments. Since which period he has re- 
 
 * Nichols's Literary Illustrations, viii., 14.
 
 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 113 
 
 ceived the approbation and sanction of many of the first masters in this 
 Kingdom, both for improving the temperament of grand Piano-Fortes, 
 Harpsichords, Lutes, Guitars, and many other instruments, as well as for 
 rendering it infinitely easier to acquire the habit of playing in tune on the 
 Violin, Tenor, and Violoncello, and to remove the difficulties attending the 
 changing clefs on the last-mentioned instrument. 
 
 * He has very little doubt, should the different articles he has to pro- 
 duce be attended to with the same attention as he has experienced from 
 those gentlemen in the profession whom he has had the happiness of con- 
 veying his different plans and experiments to, that he will be enabled to 
 save to learners on most of the instruments in use at least two-thirds of the 
 time taken up in learning in the usual way ; therefore it is presumed a much 
 greater number will undertake, what before appeared so arduous. 
 
 ' Also his portable tuning instrument, which will enable every person 
 to keep their Piano-Fortes, Harpsichords, Spinets, or Harps in tune, and to 
 concert pitch, in town or country, with very little trouble. 
 
 ' The particulars are more fully explained in bills, which may be had 
 at the Patentee's, and at Mr. Gallabin's, Ingram Court, Fenchurch Street. 
 
 ' Tickets to be purchased at the door at 2s. 6d. each. 
 
 ' Those Ladies or Gentlemen who purchase any of the above articles 
 will have the price of their admission-tickets allowed. A few very valuable 
 Violins, Violoncellos, &c., are purchased and ready to mount, as may be 
 required by the purchaser. An exceeding good Double Bass to be sold.' 
 
 On the 1 8th of May, 1790, Claggett gave a concert at the 
 Hanover Square Rooms, which was conducted by Dr. Arnold. 
 Upon this occasion he exhibited his Aiei Eutonon, or ' Ever Tuned 
 Organ,' which was constructed on metal plates, and seems to have 
 been the origin of the Seraphine or Harmonium. He also exhibited 
 what he calls c The Royal Teliochordanized Harpsichord,' an in- 
 strument producing 'twenty-nine regular diatonic scales, and con- 
 taining one hundred and eleven intonations, all without one 
 additional string.' On the nth of August, 1790, 'Charles 
 Claggett, of Greek-street, Soho, was appointed Harmonizer of 
 Musical Instruments to their Majesties' rather a queer title by 
 the bye ; and on the 27th of December he advertises that he has 
 
 I
 
 u 4 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 'received command to deliver this day, at Buckingham-house, the 
 Royal Teliochordanized Harpsichord, which was opened in the 
 presence of their Majesties and the Princess Royal, and the patentee 
 had the happiness of receiving the strongest marks of Royal appro- 
 bation.' 
 
 Claggett also added to his museum an academy for musical in- 
 struction. In his advertisement he says : 
 
 ' Proper masters are engaged, and an academy is opened for teaching 
 the Piano-Forte, Hapsichord, Lute, and Guitar; also the Violin, Tenor, 
 and Violoncello. Four different apartments are fitted -up for children and 
 young ladies, for the keyed instruments ; one ditto for gentlemen ; one for 
 the Violin, and another for the Violoncello ; and the Patentee will engage 
 those who pursue his mode of instruction, will accomplish more in twelve- 
 months, than upon any former plan could be done in five years; that 
 modulation and transposition should be rendered perfectly easy. Lectures 
 upon music, musical expression, and harmony will be given twice in every 
 month. This Academy is now open. Those who approve of the under- 
 taking are requested to apply soon, as the Patentee thinks he cannot engage 
 with more than twenty-four scholars. 
 
 ' Entrance, 2/. 2J. Ditto per month ; three lessons in each week. 
 
 ' *** As many inconveniences have happened from persons applying to 
 the Patentee, supposing him to be concerned in the Apollo Gardens, St. 
 George's Fields, to prevent future mistakes, he takes this method of in- 
 forming the Public that he never was engaged in those Gardens, nor in any 
 other public place in London. 
 
 'The Christian name of the proprietor of those Gardens is CRISPUS ; 
 the Patentee's CHARLES.' 
 
 On the 2gth of March, 1792, the celebrated composer, Haydn 
 (then residing in Great Pulteney Street), favoured Mr. Claggett with 
 the following letter, which, of course, was made good use of in sub- 
 sequent advertisements : 
 
 * SIR, I called at your house during your absence, and examined your 
 improvements of the Piano-Forte and Harpsichord, and I found you had 
 made them perfect instruments.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 115 
 
 ' I therefore, in justice to your invention, cannot forbear giving you my 
 full approbation, as by this means you have rendered one of the finest 
 instruments ever invented, perfect, and therefore the fittest to conduct any 
 musical performance, and to accompany the human voice. 
 
 * I wish you to make this known through such channels as may appear 
 to be the most advantageous to you. 
 
 ' I am, &c., 
 
 'JOSEPHUS HAYDN.' 
 
 In the following year (1793) Claggett printed a small quarto 
 giving an account of some of his inventions, viz., an organ without 
 pipes, strings, bells, or glasses j a chromatic trumpet capable of pro- 
 ducing just intervals in all keys ; and a French horn answering the 
 description of the trumpet. This pamphlet is decorated with the 
 author's portrait holding what appears to be a giant tuning-fork. 
 
 What was the ultimate fate of this genius is not known. Capel 
 Loft justly says ' the misfortune of his life was to have ideas theo- 
 retically sublime, but deficient in practical utility.' 
 
 The premises, No. 13 Greek Street, now occupied by Mr. 
 Wilson, the timber merchant, were formerly the exhibition rooms 
 of the celebrated Wedgwood. 
 
 To Josiah Wedgwood the world is much indebted for his dis- 
 coveries in science, and for his having opened a new scene of ex- 
 tensive commerce before unknown to this country. The potteries 
 of Etruria, in Staffordshire, have been carried to a degree of per- 
 fection, both in the line of utility and ornament, that leaves the 
 works of ancient and mediaeval times far behind. Wedgwood 
 was born in 1730. He was the youngest son of a potter, but 
 derived little or no property from his father, whose possessions con- 
 sisted chiefly of a small entailed estate, which descended to the 
 eldest son. He was the maker of his own fortune, and his country 
 has been benefited in a proportion not to be calculated. His many 
 discoveries of new species of earthenware and porcelains, his studied 
 forms and chaste style of decoration, and the correctness and judg-
 
 ii6 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 
 
 ment with which all his works were executed under his own eye, 
 and by artists for the most part of his own training, are deserving 
 of the highest praise. He was the projector of the Grand Trunk 
 Canal, for the junction of the Trent and the Mersey ; and his com- 
 munications to the Royal Society contributed to procure him the 
 esteem of scientific men at home and throughout Europe. He died 
 in 1795. 
 
 The editor and continuator of A Critical Review of the Public 
 Buildings, Statues, and Ornaments, in and about London and West- 
 minster, 1783 (p. 169), apologising that the limits of his plan do 
 not allow him to attend to the various manufactures 'which are 
 either made or exhibited in this great metropolis/ says : 
 
 ' Yet the man of taste will easily overlook and even thank us for the 
 irregularity of introducing him into the exhibition rooms of the well- 
 known Wedgwood in Greek-street, 3oho. The Briton and the patriot 
 will be charmed with this brilliant display of the skill of that philosopher, 
 who, by a rational search into the nature of clays and earths, has rendered 
 the English pottery so very superior to that of other nations, that the manu- 
 factures of the French and Dutch are remembered no more, and the wants 
 of all Europe are supplied by a prodigious export from this Kingdom, and 
 while the politician is attentive to the national wealth arising from this 
 produce of labour and industry, the connoisseur will be delighted at finding 
 such a number of desiderata in these apartments. A prodigious collection 
 of impressions from antique cameos and intaglios, bas-reliefs, medallions, 
 portraits, figures, vases, and encaustic paintings in every variety of shade 
 and colour, are here exhibited for sale, composed of imperishable materials, 
 which are not susceptible of injury from the keenness of chemical solvents. 
 It is not yet known to what numerous valuable purposes these materials 
 may be applied. We observed three sorts : namely a black substance of 
 which the seals and vases are chiefly composed, which is not distinguishable 
 from the black basalts or touch-stone ; a red or brown substance similar 
 to the matter of the ancient Etruscan vases, but more ponderous and hard ; 
 and a white substance, which in purity of colour, compactness and indestruc- 
 tibility, is infinitely preferable to any species of marble or stone yet made 
 use of.'
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 117 
 
 There is a little story of one of Gainsborough's pictures, con- 
 nected with this street, which is worth the telling. Smith ' Rainy- 
 day' Smith, as he is called records a conversation he had with 
 his old, old, very OLD friend, John Taylor, in the following terms : 
 'Smith: Did you know Gainsborough, sir? Taylor: Oh! I re- 
 member him ; he was an odd man at times. I recollect my master, 
 Hayman, coming home after he had been to an exhibition, and saying 
 what an extraordinary picture Gainsborough had painted of the Blue 
 Boy ; it is as fine as Vandyke. Smith : Who was the Blue Boy, 
 sir? Taylor: Why, he was an ironmonger; but why so called, I 
 don't know. He lived at the corner of Greek and King Streets, 
 Soho; an immensely rich man.'* 
 
 In the catalogue of Gainsborough's pictures, given by Edwards, 
 we find : ' A whole-length Portrait of a young Gentleman in a 
 Vandyck dress, which picture obtained the title of the Blue Boy, 
 from the colour of the satin in which the figure is dressed. It is 
 not exaggerated praise to say that this portrait might stand among 
 those of Vandyck. It is now in the possession of Mr. Hoppner, 
 R.A.'f 
 
 And in the note we read : * This was the portrait of a Master 
 Brutall,J whose father was then a very considerable ironmonger, 
 in Greek- street, Soho.' Thus the mystery of the Blue Boy is 
 cleared up. 
 
 At No. 50 Greek Street resided for several years Thomas Foster, 
 a clever artist and portrait-painter. He was a great friend and 
 companion of Theodore Hook, who constantly mentions him in his 
 diary as l Pat ' Foster. Gerald Griffin says, in a letter to a friend : 
 4 1 met an artist of the name of Foster, to whom, if you recollect, 
 Madame de Genlis dedicated one of her works, and expressed her 
 gratitude for his assistance in some of her literary labours. He 
 
 * A Book for a Rainy Day, p. 301. 
 f Antedates of Painters, p. 140. 
 J This name was Buttall.
 
 ii8 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 is one of the most delightful, facetious fellows I ever saw.' He 
 died by his own hand in 1826. 
 
 HAYE'S COURT. 
 
 The following is the description of this street in Strype's edition 
 of Stow : c Hayes Street, or rather Alley, being but small and 
 narrow, with a Freestone Pavement.' 
 
 William Brooks kept a school at the c corner of Haye's Court, 
 the upper end of Gerrard Street, near Newport Market,' in 1717, 
 in which year he published a book entitled A Delightful Recreation 
 for the Ingenious. He tells us in the dedication, which is addressed 
 to the Archbishop of Canterbury, that he had in his care a young 
 Indian prince, brought from South Carolina, whose name was George 
 Forcenza, and who was committed to his care by the Society for 
 the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, to be instructed 
 in writing, arithmetic, and the principles of the Christian religion. 
 
 HOG LANE. 
 
 Hog Lane, once known as Elde (Old) Lane, afterwards called 
 Crown Street, and now forming part of Charing Cross Road, was 
 built about the year 1675. In Strype's edition of Stow (1720 edition), 
 it is described as c a place not over well built or inhabited.' The 
 whole of the east side was removed when Charing Cross Road was 
 constructed. 
 
 Monsieur Roquet, a painter in enamel, and by birth a Swiss, was 
 one of the notable residents of this street. He was a great favourite 
 of Hogarth and the cheerful companion of Garrick and Foote. 
 
 Matthew Liart, the engraver, was born here, and occupied the 
 second-floor front room of his father's house. 
 
 Hogarth, in one of the series of pictures representing the c Rake's 
 Progress,' has drawn a group of blackguards gambling on the pave- 
 ment. The chief of these, who wears something like a tie-wig,
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 119 
 
 was painted from a French boy who cleaned shoes at the corner 
 of Hog Lane. 
 
 Hogarth's well-known picture of c Noon,' in which the French 
 Chapel in Hog Lane is introduced, contains also another building, 
 from which is suspended the sign of a headless woman. This sign, 
 generally known as the ' Good Woman ' or the c Silent Woman,' appears 
 to have been particularly applied to oil-shops, such as the one re- 
 presented in the picture. Its original meaning is supposed to have 
 had reference to a female saint who met her death by the privation 
 of her head. In time, however, it became converted into a joke 
 against the fair sex, whose alleged loquacity was considered to be 
 satirised by the representation. 
 
 The sign is common in France, where c La Bonne Femme ' is 
 often found as the sign of wine-shops. One ingenious writer has 
 attempted to explain the origin of the sign by the theory that the 
 headless woman is really an Italian oil-jar, which, having been badly 
 depicted by successive sign-painters who tried their hands upon 
 it, came in time to be likened by the customers to a headless old 
 woman with her arms akimbo. It certainly seems curious that the 
 sign should have been confined to oil-shops ; but the latter explana- 
 tion is probably more ingenious than accurate. 
 
 KING STREET. 
 
 Strype, writing of this street in 1720, calls it c a pretty good 
 street, but not so broad as most in these parts ; yet well inhabited.' 
 
 John Frederick Lampe, the celebrated musician, resided here 
 when he published his now rare volume with the following title : 
 ' Wit Musically Embellished : being a Collection of Forty New 
 English Ballads, By Mr. John Frederick Lampe. London, En- 
 graved and Printed for the Author, and sold at his Lodgings at the 
 Golden Heart in King-street near St. Ann's Church, Soho.' Folio. 
 
 Lampe was a very interesting character. He arrived in England 
 about the year 1725, styling himself 'sometime a student of music
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 at Helmstadt in Saxony,' and obtained employment in the opera 
 band. In 1732 he produced his opera of Amelia, which was highly 
 successful, and in 1737 his Dragon ofWantley. Both were written 
 by Henry Carey. The latter is founded on the old ballad of the 
 same name, and is an admirable burlesque of the Italian opera. 
 The extravagant love, heroism, and fury of the Italian stage are 
 mimicked with great humour; and the songs, though ludicrous in 
 the highest degree, are set in the Italian serious style of the day. 
 The piece was published with a dedication by Carey to Lampe, in 
 which he says : c Many joyous hours we have shared during the com- 
 position of this opera, chopping and changing, lopping, eking out, and 
 coining of words, syllables, and jingle, to display in English the 
 beauties of nonsense so prevailing in the Italian operas. This 
 pleasure has since been transmitted to the gay, the good-natured, and 
 jocular part of mankind, who have tasted the joke and enjoyed the 
 laugh.' Besides his dramatic pieces, Lampe composed a great 
 number of popular songs, and in his attention to the emphasis and 
 accent of English words he may serve as a model even for our 
 native musicians. In 1737 he published, in a quarto volume, A 
 Plain and Compendious Method of Teaching Thorough JBass, the rules 
 of which are excellent. He died at Edinburgh, in 1751 at which 
 city he went to reside in the previous year at the age of fifty-nine. 
 There is an excellent mezzotint portrait of him by McArdell. 
 
 Signora Curioni, a singer at the opera, was living at the c Golden 
 Heart' in 1762. 
 
 4 A. Hummel at his Music Shop facing Nassau-street in King- 
 street, St. Ann's, Soho,' is frequently found among the advertise- 
 ments in the papers between 1750 and 1770. He advertised the 
 works of Wagenseil, Galuppi, Martini, Jomelli, &c. 
 
 John Pine, the engraver, resided for many years at the ' Golden 
 Head,' in this street, where he died. 
 
 To this talented man we are indebted for several splendid and 
 interesting works, for which he engraved many of the plates. The
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 principal of them are the ceremonies used at the revival of the Order 
 of the Bath by King George I. ; the prints from the tapestry in 
 the House of Lords, representing the Destruction of the Spanish 
 Armada ; a superb edition of Horace, the text engraved and illus- 
 trated with ancient bas-reliefs and gems, &c. He also engraved 
 Rocque's Plan of London and a few portraits, among which are an 
 etching of himself and a mezzotint bust of Garrick, taken from a cast. 
 
 A newspaper paragraph of May 5th, 1756, informs us: 'Last 
 night died in King-street, Soho, Mr. Pine, Bluemantle, Pursuivant 
 at Arms, engraver to the King's Signet, and engraver to the Stamp 
 Office, and die maker there.' 
 
 This street appears to have been rather celebrated for artists. In 
 the catalogues of the Royal Academy occur the following names of 
 exhibitors residing here at different periods : Jacob Bonneau (1772) ; 
 Mary de Villebrune (1772) ; John Charles Lochie,at No. 17 (1776) ; 
 Henry Spicer, at No. 24 (1777) ; F. M. Piper, at No. 15 (1780) ; 
 W. Whitby (1780) ; P. Deane, at No. 42 (1789) j F. Laine, at 
 No. 25 (1 789). 
 
 John Parke, the celebrated oboe-player Parke the elder, as he 
 was always called, to distinguish him from his brother, the author 
 of the Memoirs lived at No. 1 8 in 1780, and at No. 58 in 1784. 
 
 LEICESTER SQUARE. 
 
 The memories which crowd around Leicester Square the 
 association with men and women who have been remarkable in 
 art or literature, or merely famous from the position they have 
 occupied in the social world are of sufficient importance to fill a 
 whole volume. It has been called, and not inaptly so, ' The Square 
 of Squares ; ' but as only a portion of its area actually comes within 
 the limits of Soho, as it seems to belong more properly to the parish 
 of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, and, moreover, as its history has already 
 been written in Tom Taylor's well-known volume, and in more
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 recent publications, it does not seem necessary upon this occasion to 
 give more than a brief account of its many claims to notice. 
 
 According to old maps, it appears that Leicester Fields ("as the 
 space now known as Leicester Square was called) were intersected 
 from the north-east to the south-west corner by a footpath or small 
 track, and that the present boundary of Soho follows pretty much the 
 same course. There was also another path across the fields in a 
 direction nearly east and west. 
 
 In former times the most prominent feature in the district was 
 Leicester House, a mansion built by Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester. 
 It was an old-fashioned house of considerable breadth, with a fine 
 courtyard in front and a large Dutch garden in the rear. Leicester 
 House, which is said to have been the second house bearing that 
 name erected practically upon the same spot, has long since been 
 demolished, and its site is occupied by Leicester Place, the Post 
 Office, and Lisle Street. The house was built on what was known 
 as Lammas land, or land open to the poor after Lammas-tide. 
 
 During the imprisonment of Charles 1., his youngest children, the 
 Duke of Gloucester and the Princess Elizabeth, were placed by 
 Parliament under the care of the Earl and Countess of Leicester. 
 Before Lord Leicester made this house his residence, however, he 
 went to Denmark as the English Ambassador, and during his absence 
 Leicester House was let to Colbert, the brother of the celebrated 
 French minister and financier. 
 
 It was at Leicester House that Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 
 eldest daughter of James I. and mother of Prince Rupert and the 
 Electress Sophia, died on February I3th, 1662. 
 
 In 1718, when the Prince of Wales, afterwards George II., 
 had quarrelled with his father, and received the royal command to 
 quit St. James's, he bought Leicester House and made it his London 
 residence. In later years, when the breach between George II. 
 and his son Frederick, Prince of Wales, was too sore to heal, the 
 Prince took up his residence here, as his father had done before him.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 123 
 
 Hence it is that Pennant refers to this mansion as c the pouting-place ' 
 of princes. 
 
 The Duke of Gloucester was living in Leicester House in 1766, 
 and here, somewhat later, Sir Ashton Lever (who died in 1788) 
 formed his remarkable museum of natural-history objects. 
 
 Leicester Square, previously known as Leicester Fields, was 
 built about the year 1635. In its earlier days this was quite a 
 fashionable neighbourhood. Dr. Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph, lived 
 here in 1681 ; the second Earl of Strafford in 1683 ; and the 
 Marquis of Carmarthen gave a ball at his house in this square in 
 1698. 
 
 Saville House, immediately adjoining Leicester House, was 
 named after the Saville family. It was the residence of Sir George 
 Saville, the friend of Burke ; and Frederick, Prince of Wales, while 
 living in Leicester House, hired this mansion for his children. 
 Saville House was afterwards rebuilt from the designs of Mr. S. 
 Page, and let for exhibitions and entertainments. The celebrated 
 collection of needlework pictures worked by Miss Linwood was here 
 exhibited, and subsequently panoramas and poses plastiques have been 
 the chief attractions. 
 
 The house was burnt down to the basement on February 28th, 
 1865, and the site, after remaining unoccupied for many years, was 
 utilised about 1880 as a panorama. It is now the Empire Theatre. 
 
 Sir James Thornhill, until within a few weeks of his death, 
 which happened in 1734, was an inhabitant of Leicester Square ; and 
 his son-in-law, Hogarth, lived in a house on the east side of the 
 square. His house was distinguished by the sign of the ' Golden 
 Head,' a bust of Vandyck, cut by the painter himself from pieces of 
 cork and glued together. 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds lived at what is now No. 47 Leicester 
 Square. A portion of his house is now the auction-room of Messrs. 
 Puttick & Simpson, arid some rooms on the second floor, one of 
 which is that in which the great painter died, are now occupied
 
 I2 4 
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 by Mr. Henry Gray, the well-known topographical and genealo- 
 gical bookseller. 
 
 A large number of other celebrated people have lived in Leicester 
 Square. 
 
 The equestrian statue of George I., which once stood in the 
 centre of the square, came from Canons, the seat of the Duke of 
 Chandos. It was uncovered with some ceremony on November igth, 
 1748. In 1851 it was taken down, to make way for Dr. Wylde's 
 great globe, which was erected in the inclosure, and the statue was 
 again set up in 1862. 
 
 Leicester Square seems to have been a famous place for all kinds 
 of exhibitions and shows. Besides the great globe and Miss Lin- 
 wood's exhibition, there were the Panopticon, Burford's Panorama, 
 and the Eidophusikon in Lisle Street ; and in view of the numerous 
 entertainments of all kinds provided by the Alhambra, the Empire, 
 Daly's Theatre, the Panopticum, and other neighbouring establish- 
 ments, it cannot be said to have changed its character in that respect 
 during the past half-century. 
 
 LICHFIELD STREET. 
 
 Lichfield Street was once a street of some consequence, in spite 
 of its present forlorn appearance. Report speaks of its fashionable 
 inhabitants in olden time, which is confirmed by a passage in Smith's 
 Life of Nolle kens (vol. ii., p. 242). 
 
 Waiting upon a Mr. Banks, at No. 3 in this street, he 
 says : 
 
 'I particularly noticed the ceiling of the principal room on his first 
 floor. It is divided into two compartments, and I am much inclined to 
 believe was painted by the hand of Hogarth, not only from the style of 
 colouring and the spirited manner of its pencilling, but from the expression 
 of the heads of the figures so peculiar to him. 
 
 ' The subject of the largest portion of the ceiling nearest the windows
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 125 
 
 consists of five figures the size of life. They appear to me to be Time 
 rescuing Truth from Hatred, surrounded by snakes ; and Malice, holding a 
 dagger in one hand and a flaming torch in the other ; a boy is flying above 
 with the emblem of Eternity. This subject is in a circle within a square, 
 the corners of which are decorated with busts and flowers spiritedly painted. 
 The smaller compartment consists of four boys in the clouds. The prin- 
 cipal one in the centre represents Fame with a trumpet ; the others, Painting, 
 Sculpture, and Architecture. They are confined within an oval border. 
 At the west end are trophies of war, and at the east two boys supporting 
 drapery. Mr. Banks informed me that the house had been the residence of 
 Lady Betty Paulet ; and that Lord Hinchinbrook, who was then the owner 
 of considerable property in that quarter, assured him that it had been a 
 mansion originally of high importance. When, about thirty years since, 
 Mr. Banks made the purchase, he found the cornice and even the hinges 
 of the doors gilt From the heavy panelling of the rooms, and the large 
 circular balls on the staircase, I should conjecture the house to have been 
 built in the time of Oliver Cromwell or Charles the Second ; but the 
 front is evidently modern, and the premises originally must have been 
 more extensive.' 
 
 Lady M. W. Montagu, in one of her love-letters to Mr. Wortley 
 Montagu, written about June, 1712, says: 4 Direct to Mr. Cassotti 
 at Mr. Roberts's at the Queen's Head, in Lichfield Street, Soho. 
 He is my Italian master. I have made a kind of plausible pretence 
 to him for one letter to come that way, but I dare not trust 
 him.' 
 
 Peter de la Fontaine, goldsmith, whose shop card was engraved 
 by Hogarth, had his place of business in this street. 
 
 Towards the end of the last century Lichfield Street was a 
 favourite residence of artists, among whom we find the names of 
 Samuel Shelley, Thomas Stothard, W. Birch, E. Vaughan, J. P. 
 Perrache, and A. Pether. 
 
 Mrs. Billington was born in 1770 in this street. She was the 
 daughter of Charles Weichsel, a performer in the opera band. Her 
 mother was a leading vocalist at Vauxhall Gardens.
 
 126 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 LISLE STREET. 
 
 Lisle Street, the first turning north of, and parallel with, Leicester 
 Square, is thus described in Strype's edition of Stow, 1820 edition : 
 ' Lisle Street comes out of Prince's Street, and runs up to Leicester 
 garden wall. Both these streets (viz., Lisle Street and Leicester 
 Street) are large, well built, and inhabited by gentry.' 
 
 Among the notable inhabitants were David Hume (1758-1766) 
 and Heath, the engraver. A fire occurred here which destroyed 
 Heath's house and a painting therein by Francis Wheatley represent- 
 ing the riots of 1780. Its size was so great that it was 'too large 
 to be removed.' 
 
 In Lisle Street was the shop and residence of George and William 
 Smith, the eminent printsellers. Here, too, Edmund Kean passed 
 a large portion of his strangely erratic boyhood. It is said that his 
 uncle, Moses Kean, had a brass collar made for his neck, inscribed, 
 ' This boy belongs to No. 9 Lisle Street, Leicester Square. Please 
 bring him home.' 
 
 Charles Matthews the elder lived in a house in Lisle Street 
 which looked down Leicester Place into the square. 
 
 New Lisle Street, according to a street tablet, was built in 1791. 
 Its site had once formed a portion of the garden of Leicester 
 House. 
 
 MACCLESFIELD STREET. 
 
 Macclesfield Street, leading from Gerrard Street to Compton 
 Street, was so named after Charles Gerard, first Baron Gerard of 
 Brandon and first Earl of Macclesfield. 
 
 The newspapers of 1767 advertised ' The Philosophical Mathe- 
 matical Amusement by Mr. Jonas, at his house in Macclesfield 
 Street, Soho ; Admittance, 2s. 6d. each.' 
 
 W. Hall, of No. 12 Macclesfield Street, published many half- 
 sheet songs at the end of the eighteenth century.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 127 
 
 Among the notable inhabitants of this street were the following : 
 Signora Frasi (1761 to 1770) ; Daniel O'Keefe, brother to the 
 dramatist, an eminent miniature-painter; John O'Keefe; and the 
 following artists mentioned in the Royal Academy catalogues G. 
 Farrington, No. 7 (1782) ; F. Sartorius, No. I (1782); T. Hearne, 
 No. 5 (1785); H. Burch, jun., modeller, No. 9 (1787); F. 
 Newman (1793) ; and R. Brewers, No. 6 (1797). 
 
 On January loth, 1784, died suddenly at his house in Maccles- 
 field Street, Soho, aged seventy-nine, Samuel Crisp, Esq., a relation 
 of the celebrated Sir Nicholas Crisp. There was a remarkable 
 singularity in the character of this gentleman. He was a bachelor, 
 had been formerly a broker in 'Change Alley, but many years since 
 had retired from business with an easy competency. His daily 
 amusement for fourteen years past was going from London to 
 Greenwich, and immediately returning from thence in the stage, 
 for which he paid regularly 27/. a year. He was a good-humoured, 
 obliging, and facetious companion, always paying a particular 
 attention and a profusion of compliments to the ladies, especially to 
 those who were agreeable. He was perpetually projecting some 
 little scheme for the benefit of the public, or, to use his own 
 favourite maxim, Pro bono publico. He was the institutor of the 
 Lactarium in St. George's Fields, and selected the Latin mottoes for 
 the facetious Mrs. Henniver, who got a little fortune there. He 
 projected the mile and half stones round London, and teased the 
 printers of newspapers into the plan of letter-boxes. He was re- 
 markably humane and benevolent, and without the least ostentation 
 performed many generous and charitable actions, which would have 
 dignified a more ample fortune. 
 
 MEARD'S COURT. 
 
 Meard's Court and Meard's Street take their name from the 
 builder of that name. A small stone let into the wall at the Dean 
 Street end gives the date 1732.
 
 128 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 Edwards, in his Anecdotes of Painting^ says c George James, 
 one of the early associates of the Royal Academy/ was grandson 
 to Meard. He practised for many years as a portrait-painter at a 
 corner of Dean Street. In 1768 he exhibited a large picture, 
 announced in the catalogue as c The portraits of Three Young 
 Ladies of Quality' (daughters of the Countess of Waldegrave), 
 which a critic of the day pronounced to be * The portraits of 
 Three Young Ladies of no quality at all. 1 
 
 Batty Langley, the popular architect, resided here upon the first 
 erection of the street. His New Orders of Gothic Architecture was 
 the oracle and text-book of carpenters and bricklayers for many years. 
 
 John Christopher Smith, whose name is so well known in con- 
 nection with Handel, resided here in 1734, as may be gathered from 
 the following title-page of a work dedicated to Lady Walpole : 
 4 Suites de Pieces pour le Clavecin. Composees par J. C. Smith. 
 London, Printed and Sold by the Author in Meard's Court, near St. 
 Anne's Church, Old Soho, 1734.' Oblong quarto. He was the son 
 of John Christopher Schmidt, of Anspach in Franconia, where he 
 was born in 1710. His father accompanied Handel to England in 
 1716, and long faithfully served his friend as an amanuensis. Young 
 Smith was educated at the Soho Academy, under Martin Clare, and 
 afterwards became the pupil of Handel. At the age of twenty- four 
 he married the daughter of Mr. Packenham, a gentleman of fortune 
 in Ireland, whose son was created Lord Longford. Smith died in 
 1795, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. His music, which ought 
 to be better known, is of a high order, and superior to that of his 
 more fortunate contemporary, Dr. Arne. 
 
 In 1753, Andre Philidor, the great chess-player, was living at 
 No. I Meard's Court. Miss Formantle, the singer, resided in 
 Meard's Court in 1763. 
 
 MOOR STREET. 
 Moor Street, leading from Cambridge Circus to Greek Street,
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 129 
 
 is described in Strype's edition of Stow as ' short, narrow, and of 
 no great account.' 
 
 In this street was formerly an old house with pillars before it, 
 called c The French 'Change.' The place was much frequented by 
 natives of France who had fled to England at the revocation of the 
 Edict of Nantes. Here they met and communicated with each 
 other upon their several concerns, and hence arose the large number 
 of a-la-mode beef-shops for the convenience of the neighbourhood. 
 This building stood on the site of the entrance to the Swiss 
 Chapel. 
 
 NEWPORT ALLEY. 
 
 The following is the account of this alley in Strype's Stow, 
 1720 : ' Newport Alley a great passage into So Ho, and those new 
 built places. It is for the generality inhabited by French ; as indeed 
 are most of these streets and alleys, which are ordinarily built, and 
 the rents cheap. It is a place of good trade. Out of this alley is a 
 passage into Newport Market. 
 
 4 Little Newport Street, at the back of this alley, ordinarily 
 built and inhabited, being much annoyed with coaches and carts into 
 the So Ho and those parts.' 
 
 NEWPORT STREET. 
 
 * Newport Street,' according to the 1720 edition of Strype's 
 Stow, c fronts Long Acre. The North side .... hath far the 
 best buildings, and is inhabited by Gentry ; whereas on the other 
 side dwell ordinary tradespeople, of which several are of the French 
 nation.' 
 
 It derived its name from Newport House, the London residence 
 of Mountjoy Blount, who was created Earl of Newport by 
 Charles I., and died in 1665. This mansion, which stood at the north- 
 west corner of Newport Street, was built by Sir William Howard, 
 Knight. William Cavendish, Earl of Devonshire, died here, and 
 
 K
 
 1 3 o THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 here, in 1658, the discussion was held between a Jesuit and three 
 members of the Society of Friends, referred to in George Fox's 
 Journal. 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds was an inhabitant of this street before he 
 took up his residence in Leicester Square in 1761. His house in 
 Newport Street was roomy, and was situated on the north side of 
 the street. 
 
 A good many artists and engravers resided here at various times. 
 The list includes the following names : Nicholas Thomas Dall 
 (1772), James Wyatt (1772), James Scowler (1775), William 
 Peters (1776), Stothard (No. 16, 1780), S. de Wilde (No. 9, 
 1781), L. Powell (No. 9, 1783), P. Cornman (No. 5, 1788), H. 
 Richter (No. 12, 1788), T. Vivares, W. Pether, &c. 
 
 In 1768, Wedgwood established his warehouse and showrooms 
 at the corner of Newport Street and St. Martin's Lane. 
 
 The west end of Newport Street was removed when Charing 
 Cross Road was constructed. 
 
 NEWPORT MARKET. 
 
 Newport Market, which, like Newport Street, derived its name 
 from Newport House, was once celebrated for its large number of 
 butchers' shops. In and around the market there were formerly 
 from forty to fifty butchers, and several slaughter-houses. A large 
 number of animals were killed there, the weekly average, according 
 to one authority, being from 300 to 400 bullocks, from 500 to 700 
 sheep, and from 50 to 100 calves. As many as 1000 or noo 
 sheep have occasionally been killed in this neighbourhood in a week. 
 It is recorded that a grant was made to John Bland, Esq., in 1687, 
 of a market three days in the week, to be held in c Newport Garden,' 
 for the sale of all merchandise except live cattle. 
 
 This market was the scene of Henley's jocose lectures. In the 
 year 1725 this man, named John Henley, or, more often, 'Orator'
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 131 
 
 Henley, a clerk in priest's orders, hired a large room over the market- 
 house, and registered it as a place for religious worship. He then 
 advertised in the newspapers, inviting persons to come and take seats 
 at twopence each, promising them, as diversions, 4 Voluntaries,' 
 ' Chimes of the Times,' ' Roundelays,' ' College Bobs,' l Madrigals,' 
 c Operas,' &c. 
 
 Great numbers of people flocked to hear and witness his idiotic 
 and indecent buffooneries, until at last they were stopped by a pre- 
 sentment of the Grand Jury of Middlesex, in January, 1729. 
 Henley's next appearance was at the c Oratory ' in Clare Market. 
 
 A newspaper advertisement, dated May 4th, 1768, was as 
 follows : ' To be Let, the great room over the Market House in 
 Newport Market, formerly Mr. Henley's Oratory. Enquire of 
 Mr. Elcock in Mount Street, or of Mr. Poole at the said 
 Market.' 
 
 Home Tooke was the son of a poulterer, named Home, in 
 Newport Market. It is said that when asked what his father was 
 by some of his schoolfellows, he replied, 'A Turkey merchant.' 
 Some of the servants of Frederick, Prince of Wales, who kept his 
 court at Leicester House, desiring to have a back-way to Newport 
 Market, without any ceremony caused an opening to be made in 
 the wall and a door placed in it, the way thence being through 
 Home's premises. Application was made to the law courts, with 
 the result that it was ordered that the obnoxious door should be 
 removed forthwith. 
 
 This neighbourhood has been entirely changed by the construc- 
 tion of Charing Cross Road and Sandringham Buildings, and New- 
 port Market is entirely swept away. 
 
 PRINCE'S STREET. 
 
 Prince's Street, extending from Coventry Street to Old Compton 
 Street, was so called from the military garden of Henry, Prince of
 
 132 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 Wales, eldest son of James I. In 1880, the name was abolished, 
 and the whole length of street from Coventry Street to Oxford 
 Street was named Wardour Street. The Plough Inn, Prince's 
 Street, was the starting-place for coaches for Lincolnshire. 
 
 QUEEN STREET. 
 
 Queen Street (now named Bateman Street) had but a few houses 
 in it until long after Strype's time. Writing in 1720, he says: 
 c Queen-street fronts Dean-street on the west and Greek-street on 
 the east, a place not very considerable, having on the north side dead 
 walls, which generally are dirty and ill-kept.' The dead walls here 
 alluded to were the garden-walls of the Duke of Monmouth's mansion, 
 which existed until 1773, when the house and gardens were de- 
 molished and the present Bateman's Buildings erected on the site. 
 
 A newspaper paragraph of April, 1764, informs us c a new 
 chapel is erecting for the use of his Excellency the Count de 
 Guerchy, the French Ambassador, in Queen-street, near Thrift- 
 street, Soho.' This was in the gardens of Monmouth House, then 
 in the occupation of the Count de Guerchy. When the Ambassador 
 vacated the premises, the chapel was rented by a Society of French 
 Protestants, who occupied it for some time. At length, Monmouth 
 House being taken by Lord Cornwallis, about 1782, the congrega- 
 tion removed to other quarters. 
 
 The rate-books of St. Anne's record among the inhabitants of 
 this street, in 1785, Dr. Jos. Tonaglia von Greiffenberg. 
 
 In the next year, the following advertisement appeared in the 
 papers : 
 
 ' MUSICAL ACADEMY, 
 
 'No. 7 Queen-street, Soho, 
 
 ' For learning Vocal and Instrumental Music. 
 
 ' Many Gentlemen having signified a desire to learn Vocal Music, to 
 be enabled to Sing in Parts, &c., MR. LIGHT takes this method to inform
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 133 
 
 such as are so disposed, that he has formed a plan both for instruction and 
 practice, whereby any person who has an ear for Music, may soon acquire 
 that most desirable and rational amusement. It requires only the practice of 
 twelve lessons losing in a most correct manner, any of Handel's songs, duets, 
 choruses, &c., or those of other eminent authors; the terms of learning 
 will be found reasonable. Gentlemen who can sing by notes may, for their 
 practice and amusement, join a private Society weekly, a Society scarce to be 
 found, such being usually held at houses of public resort, consequently not 
 calculated for genteel persons. 
 
 'N.B. The Piano Forte, Violin, and the different sorts of Guitars 
 taught at his Academy, or at home as usual.' 
 
 Notwithstanding the praiseworthy efforts of Mr. Light to teach 
 * gentlemen ' to sing in l twelve lessons,' his name has not been 
 handed down to posterity not even in the alphabet of our musical 
 biographies. 
 
 In the same year, B. Pernotin, one of the exhibitors at the Royal 
 Academy, was living at No. 8. 
 
 At No. 10 in Bateman's Buildings lived, in 1781, J. Raphael 
 Smith, the excellent mezzotint engraver after Sir Joshua Reynolds. 
 There is a portrait of him, with other celebrated characters, in a 
 print of the Promenade at Carlisle House. 
 
 Two other artists who exhibited at the Royal Academy 
 R. Dagley and R. Browne were Smith's neighbours at Nos. 9 
 and 12 in the same buildings. 
 
 ROSE STREET. 
 
 Rose Street, built about the year 1690, leads from Charing Cross 
 Road to Greek Street. 
 
 When Mrs. Pendarvis (Mrs. Delany) came to London, soon after 
 her marriage, she had a house in this street. She speaks of it as ' a 
 very indifferent part of the town.' At the present time, with its 
 broken outlines and the view of the ' Hercules' Pillars ' at its western 
 end, it is perhaps the most picturesque street in Soho.
 
 i 3 4 THE STREETS OF SO HO. 
 
 RYDER'S COURT. 
 
 Ryder's Court, which once led from Little Newport Street to 
 Cranbourne Street, is said to have been so named from its being the 
 alley or entrance to the Military Ground close by. There was, 
 however, a Captain Ryder, who lived in this neighbourhood as 
 early as the year 1660, and the name may perhaps have been derived 
 from him. 
 
 ST. ANNE'S COURT. 
 
 St. Anne's Court, leading from Dean Street to Wardour Street, 
 was, about a century ago, thickly inhabited by the poorer sort of 
 French and Swiss refugees. 
 
 The following copy of a rare broadside which was issued from 
 this quarter is an amusing specimen of the particular style of com- 
 position much in vogue at one period of our history the \Valpole 
 administration : 
 
 ' Amusement for Starving Mechanics. 
 
 For the Benefit of 
 
 THE TYTHE AND TAX CLUB. 
 
 Shortly will be performed, 
 
 The COMICAL TRAGEDY of 
 
 LONG FACES, 
 
 Prepared by a Herd of WOLVES in Sheep's c loathing, 
 Under the Direction of a Gang of 
 
 CUT-THROATS, 
 PLUNDERERS, and ASSASSINS, 
 
 When they and their DELUDED Followers are a Third Time, by a Decree of 
 NEBUCHADNEZZAR 
 
 KING OF BABYLON, 
 
 To call upon their God 
 
 To bless their ARMS and sanctify their CRIMES :
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 135 
 
 He being when before called upon either Talking, or Pursuing, or on a 
 
 Journey, or peradventure Sleeping and must (now) be AWAKENED. 
 It is expected they will cry out much louder than heretofore, and cut them- 
 selves with knives and lancets after the manner of BaaPs Priests. 
 
 i Kings, c. 1 8. 
 
 THE FRIENDS OF MANKIND, 
 
 are desired at the same time, to pray earnestly to the 
 
 GOD OF ELIJAH, 
 
 to continue his protection and assistance to the Righteous in their own defence 
 
 to " abate the pride, assuage the malice, and confound the devices," of the 
 
 cruel and tyrannical Butchers of the human race, and to humble their iron 
 
 hearts to speedy terms of PEACE and SUBMISSION. 
 
 Hearken O ye Hypocrites ! 
 
 " Is not this the fact that I have chosen ? to loose the bands of wickedness, 
 to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye 
 break every yoke ? Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry, and that 
 thou bring the poor that are cast out of thy house ? when thou seest the 
 naked, that thou cover him j and that thou hide not thyself from thine own 
 
 flesh ? " Isaiah Iviii. v. 6, 7. 
 Which of these Things have ye done ? 
 
 and 
 
 Which of these Things have the French not done ? 
 
 Ye vile Hypocrites ! Ye infatuated Monsters ! how dare ye approach the 
 Throne of Him whose grand precept is Peace and good-will to all Men (your 
 hearts being filled with wickedness and deceit ; and garments dyed with 
 blood} to implore Divine assistance for the destruction of those who have 
 faithfully and effectually executed these sacred commands? Cease then, ye 
 impious wretches ! hide your guilty heads in your own confusion ! Sue for 
 PEACE, and crave mercy from an offended Deity, lest that vengeance over- 
 take you, which your manifold sins have so long and justly merited. For 
 Tophet is ordained of old, yea, FOR THE KING it is prepared (Isaiah xxx. 33). 
 
 Ye Tyrants bend to MollocVs shrine 
 
 With murd'rous Hands and Hearts of steel : 
 
 Wait, fast, and pray, till WRATH DIVINE, 
 Make your obdurate spirits feel
 
 136 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 But dare not ask the PRINCE of PEACE, 
 
 Dare not the GOD of LOVE implore ; 
 To give your foul designs success, 
 
 And drench his earth in crimson gore. 
 
 Well may ye tremble while each Throne, 
 
 Shakes and foretels it overthrow ; 
 The thund'ring arm of Heav'n will soon 
 
 Inflict the grand, decisive blow. 
 
 Your puny efforts are in vain, 
 
 To keep the Human Race in thrall ; 
 God has espous'd the Cause of Men, 
 
 And both decree that you must fall. R. LEE. 
 
 At the TREE OF LIBERTY, No. 2, St. Ann's-court, Dean-street, Soho- 
 square ; where may be had, variety of cheap Patriotic Publications.' 
 
 SHAFTESBURY AVENUE. 
 
 Shaftesbury Avenue, so named after the seventh Earl of Shaftes- 
 bury, the well-known philanthropist, was opened on February 26th,. 
 1887, by his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge. It is 
 upwards of eleven hundred yards in length and twelve yards in width. 
 It has a capacious subway for gas pipes, water mains, telegraph wires, 
 &c., under its entire length, and in many respects it closely resembles 
 Charing Cross Road, which it crosses at Cambridge Circus. It 
 forms a direct means of communication between Piccadilly Circus 
 and New Oxford Street, joining the latter near the British Museum, 
 at the point where Hart Street, leading to Theobald's Road and 
 Clerkenwell Road, branches off from the main thoroughfare of 
 Oxford Street and High Holborn. 
 
 The following streets were modified or absorbed in constructing 
 Shaftesbury Avenue : Dudley Street, Moor Street, Grafton Street, 
 King Street, Richmond Street, Great Windmill Street, and Tich- 
 borne Street.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 137 
 
 SIDNEY PLACE. 
 
 Sidney Place, formerly known as Sidney Alley, leading from 
 Leicester Street to Wardour Street, was so named from the Sidneys, 
 Earls of Leicester. 
 
 SOHO STREET. 
 See CHARLES STREET. 
 
 SUTTON STREET. 
 
 Sutton Street, leading from Soho Square into Charing Cross 
 Road, was so named from Sutton Court, near Chiswick, the family 
 seat of the Falconbergs, whose town house was situated at Soho Square. 
 
 This street is not remarkable for eminent inhabitants. The 
 following advertisement, under the date of January, 1768, may be 
 of sufficient interest to quote : 
 
 ' Mr. Wilding, miniature painter, continues to take likenesses in the 
 strongest Manner, for rings, bracelets, snuff-boxes, &c. from one guinea to 
 two guineas each. Specimens of his painting may be seen at his house in 
 Sutton Street, the east side of Soho Square (Mrs. Cornelys' great assembly 
 room is the corner of the street). Portraits as large as life copied in 
 miniature. Ladies and gentlemen waited on by a line as above. 
 
 ' N. B. A striking likeness of his Excellency the Tripoline Ambassador 
 by memory. Wilding, Miniature Painter, on the door.' 
 
 TICHFIELD STREET. 
 
 Tichfield Street, or Titchfield Street, as it was sometimes called, 
 is marked in Rocque's map of London as leading from Angel Hill 
 (the top part of Dean Street) to Great Chapel Street. It was 
 probably built about the year 1737. 
 
 WARDOUR STREET. 
 
 Wardour Street, leading from Oxford Street to Coventry Street, 
 and forming the western boundary of Soho, was built in 1686, and so 
 named from Henry, third Lord Arundel of Wardour.
 
 138 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 Flaxman, the sculptor, lived at No. 27, a small house in this 
 street, from 1781 to 1787. 
 
 No. 9, the corner of Peter Street, is the * Intrepid Fox/ so called 
 in honour of Charles James Fox, by the landlord, Sam House, one of 
 his admirers. This honest though singular character carried his 
 patriotism to his death. He expressed to his physician, Sir John 
 Elliot, his earnest desire, on the last day of his life, to see Mr. Fox, 
 and said he should then die contented. Sir John, with his accus- 
 tomed attention, communicated the anxiety of his patient to Mr. Fox, 
 when the latter instantly waited upon Sam House, and sat by the 
 bedside for some time. From that moment the poor man declared 
 himself to be perfectly resigned, and died some time afterwards, on 
 April 23rd, 1785. 
 
 The following paragraph appeared in the Friendly Writer of 
 January, 1732 : c On the 26th died Master Blaney, a Magistrate of 
 the Peace reputed worth ^"20,000 at his abode in Wardour Street. 
 There was found in his closet, by his kindred the day after his 
 Decease an Iron Chest with upwards of ;i 0,000 in Gold and 
 Silver.' 
 
 The c Nassau ' was a well-known coffee - house in this neigh- 
 bourhood. Cyrus Redding notices it in his Recollections. He says, 
 speaking of Haydon and Wilkie, the painters : 
 
 ' In town Haydon lodged in Great Marlborough Street, on the south side, 
 the number I forget ; Wilkie in Great Portland Street, as I recollect. I 
 remember our breakfasting together in a coffee-house, called the Nassau, at 
 the corner of Gerrard and Nassau Streets, Soho. Since the ruin of coffee- 
 houses by the rage for clubs, that, with a hundred others, has been shut up. 
 It is at present occupied by a baker. I never pass it but I think of those 
 times, and the changes since. How painful a part of human destiny is it to 
 recall such scenes ! Not far from that house lived and died glorious John 
 Dryden, about a century before. Where are he and his contemporaries, and 
 where now are Haydon and Wilkie ?'* 
 
 * Fifty rears' Recollections. 1858. Vol. i., p. 124.
 
 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 139 
 
 The Rev. Charles Caleb Colton, the eccentric author of one 
 of the most valuable works in the English language, lived at one 
 time in lodgings in this street. Cyrus Redding, in his Fifty Tears' 
 Recollections, has the following passage : 
 
 ' Colton, the author of Lacon, had become Vicar of Kew and Petersham, 
 one of the most charming clerical posts about London, and had taken com- 
 fortable apartments at Kew. In time, he began to consider them too costly 
 for his close expenditure. He could live in London, unobserved, for a sixth 
 of the expense, and he acted accordingly, transporting his gun and fishing-rod, 
 and half-a-dozen books, De Foe's History of the Devil among them, to a 
 two-pair-of-stairs lodging, overlooking the burying-ground of St. Anne's, 
 Soho.'* 
 
 Having contracted debts to a large amount chiefly for diamonds 
 and jewellery and for wines a fiat of bankruptcy was struck against 
 him, wherein he was sued as the Rev. Charles Caleb Colton, late of 
 Prince's Street, Soho, wine merchant. Bewildered by the number 
 and gravity of his pecuniary obligations, Colton secretly embarked 
 for the United States. Returning to Europe after a sojourn of some 
 years in America, he took up his abode in Paris, where he became 
 acquainted with the habitues of the gaming salons of the Palais Royal, 
 and so successful was he in his speculations that in the course of a 
 year or two he acquired a considerable fortune, but it was soon dis- 
 sipated. After a life chequered by nearly every phase of good and of 
 adverse fortune, preferring suicide to the endurance of a painful 
 surgical operation, he blew out his brains at Fontainbleau, in April, 
 1832 ; and this was the act of him who in his Lacon proclaims this 
 aphorism : ' The gamester, if he die a martyr to his profession, is 
 doubly ruined. He adds his soul to every other loss, and by the act 
 of suicide renounces earth to forfeit heaven.'-f 
 
 In George Yard, turning out of this street, lived, in 1769, John 
 
 * Vol. ii., p. 303. f Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography.
 
 140 THE STREETS OF SOHO. 
 
 Bacon, the sculptor, and his address is so given in the first Royal 
 Academy catalogue. 
 
 This distinguished artist was born in 1740, and at the age of 
 fourteen was apprenticed to Mr. Crispe, of Bow Churchyard, where 
 he was employed in painting on porcelain and forming the models of 
 shepherds, shepherdesses, and other ornamental pieces for his master's 
 china factory at Lambeth. While thus engaged he had an oppor- 
 tunity of seeing the models of different sculptors, which were sent 
 there to be burnt, and from them he laid the foundation of his 
 subsequent fame. He received the first gold medal given by the 
 Royal Academy for sculpture. Two of his works will be re- 
 membered Lord Chatham's monument in Westminster Abbey and 
 another to the memory of the same great statesman in Guildhall. 
 Indeed, there are few of our cathedrals or public edifices without 
 some specimen of his abilities. 
 
 WEST STREET. 
 
 West Street, leading from Upper St. Martin's Lane to Cam- 
 bridge Circus, is chiefly celebrated for the French chapel, known as 
 La Tremblade, which is more particularly mentioned in another part 
 of this volume. 
 
 Thomas Major, the engraver, lived for many years in this street. 
 He was descended from Richard Major, of Hursley, whose daughter 
 was married to the Protector, Richard Cromwell. 
 
 According to tradition, the c Cock and Pye ' public-house stood at 
 the west corner of the marsh-land which is now marked by the 
 junction of Little St. Andrew Street, West Street, and Castle Street. 
 
 At the corner of West Street is a house bearing a tablet with a 
 bas-relief sign of ragged staves crossed, with the letters l S. G. F.' 
 and the date 1691. It was doubtless set up in compliment to Robert 
 Sidney, Earl of Leicester, who built Leicester House in the reign of 
 Charles II. c S. G. F.' indicates the bounds of the parish of St. Giles- 
 in-the-Fields.
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 St. Anne s Church St. Marys Church St. Patrick's 
 French and other Foreign Churches. 
 
 ST. ANNE'S CHURCH. 
 
 THE singularly shaped spire of St. Anne's has earned for this 
 building the reputation of being one of the ugliest churches 
 in London. This extraordinary spire, although the most prominent, 
 is not the only unsightly feature in the fabric, and it seems not a 
 little curious that St. Anne's Parish, which was formed out of a 
 portion of that of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, should have a church 
 of such mean and inadequate character, whilst its mother-church, in 
 Trafalgar Square, is such a well-known and universally admired 
 example of ecclesiastical architecture. Yet, St. Anne's Church was 
 designed by Sir Christopher Wren. 
 
 It is, as just stated, well known that the whole district which is 
 now Soho originally belonged to the parish of St. Martin-in-the- 
 Fields, and it is an interesting fact in connexion with this that until 
 recently the almshouses of St. Martin's were in Crown Street, Soho, 
 where Chapel Place afterwards stood. 
 
 St. Anne's had no separate or distinct existence as a parish until 
 1678, when the new neighbourhood which had grown up in the Soho 
 Fields was found to be awkwardly situated with regard to its church 
 and inadequately furnished with means for supplying its spiritual 
 needs, and an Act of Parliament was accordingly passed in 1678 
 for making a new parish. 
 
 The inhabitants proceeded to lay the foundations of a chapel-of-
 
 142 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SO HO. 
 
 ease in Kemp's Field, which, after the formation of the parish, was 
 proceeded with as a church. An Act of Parliament, dated 1685, 
 4 to enable the inhabitants of the Parish of St. Anne within the 
 Liberty of Westminster to Raise Money to Build a Church to be 
 the Parish Church there,' recites that 
 
 'Whereas several Persons who Erected and built new Houses in a 
 certain Field called Kemp's Field and the parts adjacent in the Parish of 
 St. Martin-in-the-Fields in the County of Middlesex, did apply themselves 
 to the Right Reverend Father in God Henry Lord Bishop of London, humbly 
 Requesting him to cause a parcel of Ground part of the said Field to be 
 set out for the Scite of a Church and a Ccemetary or Church-Yard for the 
 Burial of Christian People there; which the said Lord Bishop accordingly 
 Directed, and the said Persons did thereupon lay the Foundation of a Church 
 and Steeple, and advance the Building thereof to a convenient height above 
 Ground, with a purpose to proceed and finish the same to be a Parish-Church, 
 and made divers Subscriptions amongst themselves in order thereunto. . . . 
 And forasmuch as the Inhabitants, &c., within the Precinct or Bounds of the 
 said intended Parish are desirous to have the said Church finished, That it 
 may be Consecrated and used for the Publick Worship of God and for the 
 better instruction of the People inhabiting and to inhabit therein, in the true 
 Christian Religion, as it is now professed in the Church of England and 
 Established by the Laws of this Realm, but cannot Legally make an equal 
 Distribution amongst themselves for the performance thereof.' 
 
 The Bishop of London was therefore authorised to constitute 
 thirty persons to be supervisors and commissioners for the church, 
 who were to continue to act until the church was built and paid for. 
 Twenty-one days after their institution, the commissioners were 
 required to meet in St. Martin's Vestry and take the oath administered 
 to them by the Vicar of St. Martin's, and in this building their 
 meetings were to be held until their own Vestry Hall at Soho was 
 built. The Act of Parliament then proceeds to give detailed parti- 
 culars of the methods of raising funds, and other matters, into which 
 it is not necessary in this place to inquire.
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SO HO. 143 
 
 The new parish henceforth had the right of choosing parish 
 officers, the making of rates, and in all respects possessed the 
 privileges of the other parishes within the City and Liberty of West- 
 minster. 
 
 The Act of Parliament also empowered the Bishop of London to 
 appoint the first Rector, and he and his successors were empowered 
 to sue and be sued as an incorporate body, and to purchase lands in 
 mortmain not exceeding the yearly rent of I2O/. 
 
 The Rector and his successors were also empowered to exercise 
 the same authority as other rectors, and to enjoy the like oblations, 
 &c., as the Vicar of St. Martin's enjoys, and also an annuity of ioo/.,* 
 to be annually assessed upon the parishioners on Easter Tuesday 
 by the churchwardens and three or more substantial householders, 
 by a pound -rate not exceeding 8^. upon every personal estate, 
 to be confirmed by the justices of the peace residing in the City 
 of Westminster, and to be collected by such persons as the assessors 
 shall yearly nominate, &c. 
 
 By this Act, also, the Rector and his successors are, in right of 
 the church, entitled in fee to a parcel of ground, then called 
 King's Field, but now King Street, of the length of 213 feet and 
 depth of 45 feet, with a power of granting building leases, for 
 the term of forty-one years, at 4s. per foot annually, fronting the 
 street ; and at the expiration of that term, the Rector to devise the 
 houses thereon, for the term of forty years, upon a reasonable im- 
 proved rent, without taking a fine.f 
 
 * It is worthy of note that the institution of this parish affords what is believed to be the 
 earliest known instance of the yearly stipend of the Rector being dependent upon the pew- 
 rents of the church. 
 
 f The Rector of this parish, in lieu of tithes, receives from his parishioners an annuity 
 of ioo/., which, together with the glebe, surplice fees, and Easter book, amount to about 
 jool. per annum. But the parish being taken out of that of St. Martin's, the Rector pays 
 neither first-fruits nor tenths to the Crown, nor procurations to the Bishop or Archdeacon j 
 and being not in charge, is consequently without valuation in the Queen's books. Indeed, 
 this is the case with all the other parishes within this City and Liberty, St. Martin-in-the- 
 Fields and St. Mary-le-Strand excepted.
 
 H4 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 Though by this Act of Parliament this district was converted 
 into a parish, and the method of government thereby settled, yet no 
 provision being made therein for finishing the church and steeple, 
 the parishioners were reduced to a worse condition than at the time 
 of petitioning. They therefore found it necessary to apply to Par- 
 liament which Act received the Royal assent June 2jth, 1685 
 (ist of James II.) for a power to raise money for the completion of 
 their pious intentions ; for the erection of a rectory-house and other 
 parochial works. 
 
 The commissioners appointed by this new Act were empowered 
 to raise the sum of 5OOO/. (over and above what the pews should be 
 sold for) in four years, at sixteen quarterly payments, clear of all 
 deductions ; towards raising which sum all tenants to be rated at 
 one-fifth of the sum charged upon landlords. 
 
 The church being finished, it was, together with its cemetery, 
 consecrated by Henry, Bishop of London, on March 2ist, 1685, and 
 dedicated to the mother of the Blessed Virgin. 
 
 Sir John Bramston (whose town residence was in Greek Street) 
 has given us the following interesting passage concerning this church 
 in his Autobiography^ published by the Camden Society : 
 
 'Upon the twentie-first of the same March (1685) was the new parish 
 church of St. Anne's, Soho, consecrated by the Lord Bishop of London, 
 Henry Compton, a most pious prelate, and an admirable governor. This 
 parish is taken (as was St. James) out of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, by Act 
 of Parliament, and the Patronage thereof settled in the Bishop of London 
 and his successors. The consecration (as was the buildinge) of it was the 
 more hastened, for that, by Act of Parliament, it was to be a parish from 
 the Lady Day next after the consecration ; and had it not been consecrat 
 that day, it must have lost the benefitt of a year, for there was no other 
 Sunday before Our Lady Day. But the materiall parts beinge finished, 
 tho' all the pewes were nott sett, neither below nor in the galleries, his 
 Lordship made noe scruple of consecrating it ; yet he would be ascertained 
 that all the workmen were payd or secured their monie and dues first, and 
 to that end made particular inquiries of the workmen.'
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 145 
 
 The church soon became a fashionable one, and we find persons 
 of consequence anxious to procure sittings in it. In a letter dated 
 April 6th, 1686, the writer says : ' 1 imagine your Countess of 
 Dorchester (Sedley's daughter) will speedily move hitherward, 
 for the house is furnishing very fine in St. James's Square, 
 and a seat taking for her in the new consecrated St. Anne's 
 Church.'* 
 
 Shortly after the consecration of the church (March 20th, 1687), 
 Evelyn writes : ' I went to hear Mr. Wake at the new-built church 
 of St. Anne, on Mark, viii. 35, upon the subject of taking up the 
 cross and strenuously behaving ourselves in times of persecution, as 
 this now threatened to be.' 
 
 This Dr. Wake was afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. He 
 made several presentations to the church branches for the gallery, 
 the surplices, &c. 
 
 Nine years later, Matteaux, in his comedy, Love's a Jest^ 
 acted at the New Theatre in Little Lincoln's Inn Fields, and 
 published in 1696, makes one of his characters say, 'How fine 
 'tis to see one of you follow some foolish Celia like her shadow, 
 and go even to St. James's or St. Ann's for a single look cross 
 a pew ! ' 
 
 On January I2th, 1689-90, Evelyn tells us, 'there was read at 
 St. Ann's Church, an exhortatory letter to the clergy of London, 
 from the Bishop, together with a Brief for relieving the dis- 
 tressed Protestants, the Vaudois, who fled from the persecution 
 of the French and Duke of Savoy to the Protestant cantons of 
 Switzerland.' 
 
 To pass to the following century, Hearne tells us, in his Diary : 
 'Nov. 18 (1714). On Sunday last the Prince of Wales (as he is 
 styled) took the sacrament at St Anne's, Westminster, being ad- 
 ministered by Dr. Smalridge, Bishop of Bristol. 'Tis said he took 
 
 * Ellis' t Lettert. Second Series, iv., 91.
 
 146 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 it to qualify him as generalissimo of all the forces, the Duke of 
 Marlborough being only Captain-General.'* 
 
 The principal front of St. Anne's Church, contrary to custom, is 
 the eastern, which faces Church Street, and the building stands in a 
 spacious burying-ground. 
 
 The church consists of a nave and side aisles, with a tower at the 
 eastern end and a chancel flanked by vestibules. The walls are built 
 of brick and rusticated angles and the roof is tiled. The east front 
 consists of a centre and wings. In the former there is a large arched 
 window, and the elevation is finished with a pediment, in the tympanum 
 of which is a circular window. The side elevations contain doorways, 
 crowned with pediments and surmounted by circular windows. The 
 upright of each finishes with half a pediment reaching up to the 
 central division. The flanks are uniform, containing respectively 
 two tiers of windows, in the lower four and in the upper five. 
 The former are low and arched in an ellipsis. The upper windows 
 are circularly arched. All these windows are merely openings in the 
 brick wall, without any stonework. Near the west end is a door- 
 way, fronted by a porch tastefully carved in oak. The elevation 
 finishes with a cantaliver cornice. 
 
 The west end, in its general features, resembles the opposite 
 front. In the centre is a square tower of brick, carried up to the 
 roof of the church in the plainest style, pierced with windows where 
 occasion required. The next story of the tower, clear of the main 
 edifice, is more ornamental ; on each face there are two Doric 
 columns, and the whole is crowned with an entablature. Above 
 this story the steeple takes a most singular and curious form, inso- 
 much as to render it an object of ridicule throughout the metropolis. 
 Upon the square story is a platform of three steps, upon which is 
 placed a cylindrical addition crowned with copper and pierced with 
 a band of circular windows. At the crown of this portion are three 
 
 * Rcliquia Heariatite, i. , 200.
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 '47 
 
 other steps, on which a kind of bell-shaped pedestal sustains a globe, 
 to which are affixed four dials. Above this odd-looking object, 
 which the architect thought would scarcely make a finish, is a kind 
 of pyramidal addition of ironwork ending in a vane.* 
 
 This ridiculous spire, however, is not the original, as may be 
 seen from old prints. The church was repaired about 1802, under 
 the direction of Mr. S. P. Cockerell, when the tower and spire were 
 entirely rebuilt. Ugly as it is, in all conscience, it is not without 
 admirers. Mr. James Elmes, in his Topographical Dictionary of 
 London (1831), says : c In spite of the ridicule that some hyper- 
 critics of a quarter of a century ago attempted to affix to the new 
 tower and spire, it is, with the exception of the clock, a very original^ 
 chaste, and classical design ; but its originality, like the compositions 
 of Vanbrugh and Hawksmoor, were stumbling-blocks to the pedants 
 and foolishness to the (self-called) critics/ 
 
 The interior is approached by the entrances in the flanks and by 
 others in vestibules at the east end, which latter contain stairs to the 
 galleries. The division between the nave and aisles is made by 
 square piers, ornamented with pilasters of the Doric order, which 
 sustain, with the intervention of pedestals, four insulated and two 
 engaged columns of the Ionic order ; the capitals have wreaths of 
 foliage hanging from the volutes ; the columns are surmounted by 
 their entablature ; the frieze is convexed and enriched with a con- 
 tinuous wreath of acanthines, broken by grotesque masks above the 
 centre of each intercolumniation and by cherubic heads over each 
 column j the ornamental portions hitherto described are executed in 
 wood. The ceiling of the nave is an arched vault, the curve of 
 which is cycloidal ; it is made into divisions corresponding with the 
 intercolumniations by ribs panelled with coffers and roses, and the 
 
 * ' However destitute of invention the architect's genius appears to have been, he has 
 shown his fondness for variety in the choice of his materials, of which there are four 
 different sorts in this singular structure, viz., brick, stone, copper, and iron in succession.' 
 Allen's History of London (i8z8), iv., 307.
 
 148 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 intervals occupied with square-moulded panels. The ceiling of the 
 aisles is horizontal. A gallery is constructed above the side aisles, 
 which also extends across the west end ; the front is panelled and 
 rests on the piers. A secondary gallery at the west end was con- 
 structed for the organ. The altar is situated within a semicircular 
 niche at the east end ; it is parted from the church by a bold arch, 
 with a sculptured keystone. The ceiling is a half-dome, with a 
 richly panelled soffit, the panels occupied with branches of palm 
 and other foliage. The altar-screen is of the Doric order j it 
 sweeps to the form of the recess, and is made into divisions by two 
 columns and pilasters ; above the columns are urns. Besides the 
 usual inscriptions are paintings of Moses and Aaron ; the whole has 
 a mean appearance, being formed of wood painted white, with gold 
 mouldings. The east window contains five octagonal medallions, 
 painted with the following subjects : First, our Saviour, between a 
 crown of thorns and another of triumph, and four saints distinguished 
 by their legends inscribed beneath them : * ^'tUS ^CtfUS, &p/ 
 4 &* 3fOfjannc0, &p.' * S'tUS ^aulU0, &p.' Beneath the last is 
 ' & 3tofc Jfta'. apo.' between a chalice and an urn. The colours 
 are very vivid and the figures well painted. This window was added 
 when Cockerell restored the church in 1802. The pulpit and read- 
 ing desk are situated on opposite sides of the nave, in front of the 
 chancel. The font is a neat bowl of veined marble on a pedestal 
 and is situated on the south side of the church. 
 
 The sacred edifice is 105 feet long, 63 in breadth, and 41 feet 
 in height. 
 
 This church was reopened in November, 1866, after consider- 
 able alterations under the superintendence of Mr. Blomfield. The 
 seats in the nave and aisles have been lowered, as also those in 
 the gallery. A chancel has been formed out of one bay of the 
 nave, the apse being reserved as a sacrarium. A low screen of 
 carved oak has been thrown across the church at the first pillar 
 from the east, the space within being fitted with carved-oak stalls for
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 149 
 
 the choir. These are separated from the side aisles by oak screens, 
 surmounted by grilles of metal-work. The chancel is raised one 
 step from the nave, and three more steps lead to the footpace on 
 which the altar stands. 
 
 Hatton, writing of this church in 1708, in A New View of London-, 
 says : 
 
 ' I find not any Benefactors. But there are the Monuments and Inscrip- 
 tions following : 
 
 ' On the S. side of the Altar is a very curious spacious Monument 
 of white polish'd Marble (which I am told cost ^450), with this 
 Inscription : 
 
 "' In this Chancel lyeth interred the Body of the Right Honourable Lady 
 Grace Pierpoint, Daughter to the most Noble and Puissant Prince, Henry 
 Pierpoint, Marquis of Dorchester, deceased. Who in her lifetime was 
 exemplary for Piety, Virtue, and Charity. She departed this Life on the 
 2$th of March, in the Tear of our Lord 1703, in the %6th Tear of her 
 Jge." 
 
 ' The Monument is adorned with two large twisted Columns, with their 
 Architrave, Friese, Cornish, and Pediment of the Composit Order, and 
 enrich'd with Urns, Flowers, Fruit, &c. Under the Pediment a Festoon 
 Curtain, gilt like gold Fringe ; on the Curtain lye two Cupids, and under 
 that the Figure of the said Lady standing upright, wrapt in a rich Mantle ; 
 at her Feet are two Babes weeping, and under the Pedestal (whereon 
 the Inscription above is cut) is her Ladyship's Coat of Arms, which 
 are : 
 
 * In a Lozenge Pearl, a Lyon Rampant Diamond, within 8 Cinquefoils born 
 Orlways, Ruby. The Coat is embellisht with a Compartment of Voluta's 
 Cherubims, &c. 
 
 ' Nor far from this Monument above mentioned is a small white Marble 
 one, with this Inscription : 
 
 ' " Here under lyeth Interred the Body of Tho. Egar, Esq., Surveyor- 
 General to King Charles the II. and King James the II. of all their woods 
 on the south side of the Trent, and Carver-in-Ordinary to Catherine, the 
 Queen Dowager of England. Who died the zjtb of August, Anno Dom. 1687. 
 Aged 45 Tears"
 
 150 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 ' Under which Inscription are his Arms, which are : Argent, a Chevron 
 ingrayled betn. 3 Boars' Heads Couped, Sable. 
 
 'Within the Rail, by the Communion Table, is a large black Marble 
 Grave-Stone, having this Inscription under that of his Ladies, who died 
 September the i8th, 1691. 
 
 ' " Here lyes the above-mentioned Sir John Lanier, one of Their Majesties' 1 
 Lieutenant-Generals, who was at the reduction of Scotland and Ireland, and 
 died at Brussels of bis Wounds that he received at the Batte/ofJLnghein in 
 Flanders, the 2gth day of July, 1692." 
 
 ' His Arms : Two Coats Impaled, i. a Saltier Lozengee betn. 4 Eagles 
 displayed, ii. 3 Bendlets, the Colours cannot be expected here. 
 
 'There is also another stone, inscribed to the Lady Florence Lanier, Wife 
 to Sir John Lanier, who died in 1691.' 
 
 Other stones are inscribed to Egerton Heel, son of Thomas 
 Heel, of Surrey, Gent, 1687 ; Gresham Hakewel, son of Gresham 
 Hakewel, of Weston Turvile, in the County of Bucks, Gent., who 
 died in 1692, aged 16 ; Elijah Hopkins, of Newton, in the County 
 of Northampton, 1701 ; James Hay, sometime apothecary to 
 William III., 1701; Susanna Butler, 1694; Mary Bullimore, 
 1694, &c, 
 
 Tablets placed on the pillars commemorate the following 
 persons : 
 
 John Devall, late citizen of Londonj member of the Society of 
 Apothecaries, who died January 8th, 1793, aged 77. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. John Hardy, Governor of Dartmouth Castle, and 
 Quartermaster-General during the late siege of Gibraltar. He died 
 January 23rd, 1788, aged 66. 
 
 Mr. Shadrach Vendon, who died March gth, 1795, aged 87 
 years, and left by his will ioo/. for the benefit of the charity schools 
 of this parish. 
 
 In the north aisle is a plain tablet to W. Hamilton, R.A., who 
 died December 2nd, 1801, aged 51, and a tablet to General Harry 
 Trelawney, Lieut.-Col. Coldstream Guards, died January 28th, 
 1800, aged 74.
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SO HO. 151 
 
 In the south aisle is a tablet with military trophies, &c., to James 
 Robertson, Esq., colonel of the Royal Westminster Regiment of 
 Volunteers, who died December 23rd, 1818, aged 66. 
 
 Also a tablet, richly and chastely adorned, to the memory of 
 Lieut.-Col. C. T. Brereton of the 3rd Regiment of Guards, who 
 died September loth, 1820, aged 61. 
 
 Among the numerous other monuments in the church and 
 churchyard the most interesting are those which bear inscriptions to 
 the memory ofHazlitt, the essayist, and Theodore, King of Corsica. 
 Both stones are attached to the external walls at the west end of the 
 church, and the following are copies of the inscriptions : 
 
 'Near this spot rests William Hazlitt, born April io th , 1778, died 
 Sept r 1 8 th , 1830. He lived to see his deepest wishes gratified as he ex- 
 presses them in his Essay "On the fear of Death," viz.: "To see the 
 downfall of the Bourbons and some prospect of good to mankind." 
 Charles X. was driven from France, 29 th July, 1830. "To leave some 
 sterling work to the world." He lived to complete his " Life of Napoleon." 
 His desire that some friendly hand should consign him to the grave was 
 accomplished to a limited but profound extent. On these conditions he 
 was ready to depart, and to have inscribed on his tomb " Grateful and 
 Contented." He was the first (unanswered) metaphysician of the age ; a 
 despiser of the merely rich and great ; a lover of the people poor or 
 oppressed ; a hater of the pride and power of the few as opposed to the 
 happiness of many ; a man of true moral courage who sacrificed profit and 
 present fame to principle, and a yearning for the good of Human Nature ; 
 who was a burning wound to an aristocracy that could not answer him 
 before men, and who may confront him before their Maker. He lived and 
 died the unconquered champion of truth, liberty, and humanity. Dubi- 
 tantes opera legite. This stone was raised by one whose heart is with him 
 in the grave.' 
 
 ' Near this place is interred 
 Theodore, King of Corsica, 
 
 who died in this parish 
 
 December XI th MDCCLVI. 
 
 immediately after leaving
 
 ijz THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 the King's Bench Prison 
 by the benefit of the Act of Insolvency, 
 
 in consequence of which 
 he registered his kingdom of Corsica 
 
 for the use of his creditors. 
 The grave, great teacher, to a level brings 
 Heroes and beggars, galley-slaves and kings j 
 But Theodore the moral learn'd ere dead ; 
 Fate pour'd its lesson on his living head 
 Bestow'd a kingdom and denied him bread.' 
 
 For a complete list of persons commemorated by inscriptions in 
 this church and churchyard the reader is referred to the appendix at 
 the end of this volume. 
 
 At the west end of the church, on the outside wall, are two 
 tablets with the following inscriptions relating to the history of the 
 church : 
 
 'This Church was finished in the year 1686, and this Tablet is Erected 
 by an Order of Vestry to Commemorate the completion of the first Century, 
 which was Celebrated by a Very Numerous and Respectable Meeting of the 
 Inhabitants, on the 3rd day of October, 1786. 
 
 James Young ) , 
 
 /~> o L f Churchwardens. 
 
 George Smith J 
 
 'This Tablet was erected by the Burial Board for the parish of St. 
 Anne, Westminster, on the completion of the second century of this 
 church, which event was celebrated by a numerous meeting of the inhabi- 
 tants presided over by Thomas Francis Blackwell, Esq., on 25th October, 
 1887.' 
 
 RECTORS OF ST. ANNE'S, SOHO. 
 
 The first rector of this parish was the Rev. John Hearne, B.D., 
 instituted on April ist, 1686. He died in 1704, and was succeeded 
 by Rev. John Felling, D.D., senior canon of the Royal Chapel of 
 St. George, Windsor, and prebendary of St. Paul's. He was rector 
 of this parish for forty-seven years, and died on March 30th, 1750,
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 153. 
 
 aged 82. His remains were interred in the chancel of the church 
 on April yth following, when the pall was supported by the Bishops 
 of Worcester, Bristol, Norwich, St. David's, Carlisle, and Peter- 
 borough. There is an engraved portrait of him in the vestry of 
 St. Anne's. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Squire, D.D., the next rector, was instituted in 
 June, 1751. He had also the living of East Greenwich, and was 
 Bishop of St. David's, while he retained the rectory of St. Anne's. 
 He married one of the daughters of Mrs. Ardesorf,* a widow of 
 fortune living in Soho Square. He died on March yth, 1766, and 
 was buried in the chancel of the church. 
 
 Rev. Richard Hind, D.D., the next rector, died at the vicarage 
 of Rochdale, Lancaster, on February i8th, 1790. 
 
 Rev. Robert Richardson, D.D., F.R.S., prebendary of Lincoln, 
 rector of Wallington, Hertfordshire, and chaplain to the King and 
 the Earl of Gainsborough, was instituted in 1778. He died on 
 October 27th, 1781, aged 50. 
 
 Rev. Stephen Eaton, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., archdeacon of 
 Middlesex, was instituted in 1781, and died on February I4th, 1806. 
 
 Rev. R. MacLeod, D.D., was instituted to the living about the 
 year 1805. He held the rectory for nearly forty years, and died, in 
 1845. 
 
 Rev. Nugent Wade, M.A., was instituted on January 30th, 
 1846, and resigned the living in 1890. 
 
 Rev. J. H. Cardwell, the present rector, was instituted in 1891. 
 
 LECTURERS. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Church, of Brazenose, was vicar of Battersea, 
 lecturer of St. Anne's, Soho, and prebendary of St. Paul's. He 
 wrote two tracts in opposition to Middleton's Free Inquiry. 
 
 Dr. Marshall Montague Merrick was lecturer of St. Anne's. 
 
 * Some verses to her, ' On Making a Pin Basket,' by Sir James Marriott, are printed in 
 the fourth volume of Dodsley's Collection of Poems.
 
 154 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 His library was sold by Messrs. Leigh and Sotheby in 1783, and the 
 sale occupied twenty-two days. 
 
 Dr. John Marshall was lecturer in 1714 ; Rev. John Thomas in 
 1732$ and Rev. Richard Bundy in 1732. 
 
 CHURCH PLATE, &c. 
 
 From the earliest book of churchwardens' accounts we extract 
 the following list of church plate, &c., with the names of the donors : 
 
 'The Chalices, Flagons, and Pattens. Lord Preston. 
 
 ' The Stand for the Bread. Lady Knight. 
 
 ' The Great Branch. Madame Hamilton. 
 
 * The Twelve Branches. Lady Mears. 
 
 'The Embroidered Pulpit Cloth and Cushion. Lady Lindore.' 
 
 PARISH REGISTERS. 
 
 The registers of births, marriages, and deaths are complete from 
 the year in which the church was built, 1687. Their contents are 
 of unusual interest. They are in constant requisition for a variety 
 of purposes, and at least two peers of the realm are indebted to them 
 for contributing evidence in proof of their right to sit in the House of 
 Lords. 
 
 The register of baptisms contains some entries of great interest, 
 among which the following are some of the most important : 
 
 'June, 1721. His Highness William Augustus, of their Royal High- 
 nesses The Prince and Princess of Wales. Born, April 1 5.' 
 
 ' March, 1722-3. Her Highness Princess Mary, of their Royal High- 
 nesses The Prince and Princess of Wales. Born, February 24. Baptized 24.' 
 
 ' His Royal Highness William Henry, of their Royal Highnesses The 
 Prince and Princess of Wales, was born ye Fourteenth of November, One 
 Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty-Three, and Baptized ye Twenty-Fifth 
 of the Same.' 
 
 'November, 1745. His Royal Highness Henry Frederick, of their 
 Royal Highnesses The Prince and Princess of Wales, was Born ye Twenty- 
 Seventh Day of October, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty-Five, 
 and was Baptized the igth of November, 1745.'
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 155 
 
 'March, 1749. Her Royal Highness Louisa Anne, of their Royal 
 Highnesses The Prince and Princess of Wales, was Born upon the Eighth 
 Day of March, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty-Eight, and 
 Baptized the First of April, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty-Nine.' 
 
 ' May, 1750. His Royal Highness Frederick, of their Royal Highnesses 
 The Prince and Princess of Wales, was Born the Thirteenth Day of May, 
 One Thousand Seven Hundred and Fifty, and Baptized the Seventeenthe of 
 June, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Fifty.' 
 
 'Her Royal Highness Carolina Mathilda, of their Royal Highnesses The 
 Late Prince of Wales and the Princess of Wales, was Born upon ye Eleventh 
 Day of July, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Fifty-One, and was 
 Baptized upon the Twenty-Second Day of July, One Thousand Seven 
 Hundred and Fifty-One.' 
 
 THE ORGAN. 
 
 This fine instrument is of more than ordinary interest on account 
 of the celebrated organists who have performed upon it, and also on 
 account of the excellence of its tone. In the New View of London^ 
 1708, it is stated : c There is a fine Organ made by Mr. Harris,and 
 Prayers four times a day ; /.*., at 7 and 1 1 in the Morning, and at 4 
 and 7 in the Afternoon.' 
 
 Whether any portion of that organ still exists or not is not 
 known. The present instrument was built in 1795 by Robert and 
 William Gray, and added to in 1868 by Walker. The stops are as 
 follows: 
 
 Great Organ. 
 
 Open Diapason 8 ft. 
 
 Horn Open Diapason 8 ft. 
 
 Stopped Diapason 8 ft. tone. 
 
 Harmonic Flute 4 ft. tone. 
 
 Principal 4 ft. 
 
 Fifteenth 2ft. 
 
 Sesquialtera 4 ranks. 
 
 Trumpet 8 ft.
 
 156 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 Swell Organ. 
 
 Double Diapason 16 ft. tone. 
 
 Open Diapason 8 ft. 
 
 Stopped Diapason 8 ft. tone. 
 
 Keraulophon 8 ft. 
 
 Principal 4ft. 
 
 Mixture 2 ranks. 
 
 Oboe 8ft. 
 
 Cornopean 8 ft. 
 
 Clarion 4ft. 
 
 Choir Organ. 
 
 Stopped Diapason 8 ft. tone. 
 
 Dulciana 8 ft. 
 
 Flute 4ft. 
 
 Piccolo 2 ft. 
 
 Cremona 8 ft. 
 
 Pedal Organ. 
 
 Open Diapason 16 ft. 
 
 Bourdon 16 ft. 
 
 Couplers. 
 
 Swell to Great. Great to Pedals. 
 
 Swell to Pedals. Choir to Pedals. 
 
 Three composition pedals to Great and three to Swell. 
 
 ORGANISTS. 
 
 The first organist appointed after the erection of the original 
 organ was Dr. Croft In 1711 he resigned his appointment in 
 favour of his pupil, John Joham. Among the later organists appear 
 the names of Hodge and Ould. 
 
 In 1871, Rev. Nugent Wade instituted elaborate musical ser- 
 vices at St. Anne's, under the direction of Mr. (now Sir Joseph) 
 Barnby, and the annual performances of Bach's Passion music in
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 157 
 
 Lent, one of the most popular musical services of its kind in London, 
 has been continued until the present day. Mr. H. Walford Davies 
 resigned his position as organist in September 1891, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. E. H. Thorne, the present organist, who is well 
 known in the musical world as a composer, executant, and choir- 
 trainer of the greatest ability. 
 
 Thanks are due to Mr. Thorne for many of the facts in 
 reference to this beautiful organ. 
 
 CHURCHWARDENS. 
 
 The following list of Churchwardens is preserved in St. Anne's 
 Church : 
 
 St. Anne's, Soho, Westminster. 
 
 The Rev. Nugent Wade, M.A., Rector, 1846. Canon of 
 Bristol, 1872. 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 1846 Samuel Bonsor Oxford Street. 
 
 Charles Legg Wardour Street. 
 
 1847 Robert Sampson Sidney Alley. 
 
 Joseph Child Leicester Square. 
 
 1%$ ->> jj j> 
 
 John Ashby Old Compton Street. 
 
 J ^49 >> 
 
 1850 Joseph George Dean Street. 
 
 Henry Tozer Cranbourne Street. 
 
 I ^5 I >> >> 
 
 1852 Joseph George Dean Street. 
 
 John Ellis Wardour Street. 
 
 1853 Joseph George Dean Street. 
 
 James Howell 
 
 1854 Joseph George } , 
 
 Joseph Child Leicester Square.
 
 I 5 8 
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 1855 
 
 William Addis 
 
 Leicester Street. 
 
 
 Charles Jefferys 
 
 Soho Square. 
 
 1856 
 
 55 55 
 
 55 5> 
 
 1857 
 
 Joseph Smith 
 
 Greek Street. 
 
 
 John B. Osborn 
 
 Prince's Street. 
 
 1858 
 
 
 
 1859 
 
 
 yy 55 
 
 1860 
 
 Joseph Smith 
 
 59 53 
 
 Greek Street. 
 
 
 George King 
 
 Wardour Street. 
 
 1861 
 
 Joseph Smith 
 
 Greek Street. 
 
 
 Henry Radcliffe 
 
 Frith Street. 
 
 1862 
 
 55 55 
 
 5> 55 
 
 1863 
 
 Joseph Smith 
 
 Greek Street. 
 
 
 Richard J. JefFerys 
 
 Oxford Street. 
 
 1864 
 
 Charles Jefferys 
 
 Soho Square. 
 
 
 Charles Wakeling 
 
 Gerrard Street. 
 
 1865 
 
 55 V 
 
 >5 55 
 
 1866 
 
 55 -it 
 
 5J 5> 
 
 
 William Bacon 
 
 Old Compton Street. 
 
 1867 
 
 
 
 1868 
 
 Charles Wakeling 
 
 Gerrard Street. 
 
 
 John J. Ruffell 
 
 Charles Street. 
 
 1869 
 
 55 V 
 
 55 55 
 
 
 Richard J. JefFerys 
 
 Oxford Street. 
 
 1870 
 
 55 55 
 
 55 5 
 
 
 Joseph F. Pratt 
 
 55 55 
 
 1871 
 
 55 >t 
 
 55 >5 
 
 
 William Powell 
 
 Lisle Street. 
 
 1872 
 
 Thomas F. Blackwell 
 
 Soho Square. 
 
 
 John Almgill 
 
 Gerrard Street. 
 
 1873 
 
 55 V 
 
 >> 5> 
 
 1874 
 
 5 J5 
 
 55 J5 
 
 
 Samuel Webb 
 
 Oxford Street.
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 '59 
 
 1875 Samuel Webb 
 
 1876 
 
 John E. Shand 
 
 1877 5, 
 
 1878 
 
 Edward W. Mummery 
 
 1879 Joseph Rogers, M.D 
 
 William J. Eraser 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 James S. Burroughes 
 
 1882 
 
 Edmund Warne 
 
 1883 
 
 Charles B. Leatherby 
 
 1884 
 
 John Mitchell , 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 Charles B. Leatherby 
 
 Dr. Edward Sandwell ... 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 Charles B. Leatherby 
 
 1889 
 
 Oxford Street. 
 
 5> 55 
 
 Sidney Place. 
 
 55 55 
 
 55 55 
 
 Oxford Street. 
 Dean Street. 
 Soho Square. 
 
 Lisle Street. 
 
 55 J5 
 
 Cranbourne Street. 
 
 5> 5) 
 
 Lisle Street. 
 Soho Street. 
 
 55 5> 
 
 Lisle Street. 
 
 About the middle of the present century the overcrowded state of 
 the burial-ground around St. Anne's Church caused considerable 
 disturbance in the public mind. A humorous engraving in one of 
 the illustrated publications of 1840 represents some workmen 
 amusing themselves by playing skittles with skulls and cross-bones 
 dug up apparently from the ground close by, whereon are a number 
 of human bones and other marks of decay. The letterpress accom- 
 panying the engraving sets forth the serious danger the inhabitants
 
 160 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 of the vicinity run from this unwholesome and contaminating con- 
 dition of the churchyard. 
 
 Towards the end of the year 1891 the Metropolitan Gardens 
 Association offered to lay out the churchyard as a public garden. 
 The rector and churchwardens agreed to the proposal upon the 
 understanding that the Strand Board of Works would provide the 
 small maintenance sum required for the purpose. The Board 
 having acceded to this request, the ground was laid out and opened 
 to the public on June 27th, 1892, by Lady Hobhouse. 
 
 A handsome granite drinking -fountain was presented by the 
 vestry clerk, Mr. George Allen, in memory of his son, soon after- 
 wards. It was opened on April 6th, 1893. 
 
 THE CHURCH OF ST. MARY-THE-VIRGIN, CHARING CROSS ROAD. 
 
 The Church of St. Mary- the -Virgin, in Charing Cross Road, 
 has an extremely interesting and strangely varied history. The 
 building was originally commenced as a Greek Church in the year 
 1677, and was the first church of its kind in England, being built 
 for the use of the Greek colony in London. An inscription, which 
 is still preserved in its original place over the west door of the edifice, 
 records, in Greek : c In the year of Salvation 1677 this Temple 
 was erected for the Nation of the Greeks, the Most Serene 
 Charles II. being King, and the Royal Prince Lord James being 
 Duke, the Right Reverend Henry Compton being Bishop, at the 
 expense of the above and other Bishops and Nobles, and with the 
 concurrence of our Humility of Samos, Joseph Georgeirenes from 
 the Island of Melos.' 
 
 Joseph Georgeirenes, the Metropolitan of Samos, mentioned in 
 this inscription, had been driven from his see, and having settled in 
 London, this church was erected for him and the Greek colony 
 which at that time had become established in what was then the 
 aristocratic quarter of Soho.
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 161 
 
 Whilst going about from place to place collecting subscriptions 
 towards his church, Georgeirenes was annoyed by the conduct of an 
 unprincipled Greek priest, who falsely represented himself to be 
 the Bishop of Samos, and devoted the money so obtained to his 
 personal use. 
 
 Archbishop Georgeirenes, therefore, in order to stop the practices 
 of this impostor, inserted the following quaint description of himself 
 in the London Gazette of February I2th, 1680 : 
 
 ' Whereas Joachim Ciciliano, of the Island of Cefalonia, a Grecian 
 minister, of high stature, with black bushy hair and a long black beard, 
 has gone up and down the country under the name of the Bishop of Samos, 
 in Greece, and hath been assisted with Christian contributions towards 
 building the Grecian Church, which he hath lewdly spent, to the prejudice 
 of the said church and the scandal of the said bishop : Now, to prevent any 
 further abuse to the country, these are to give notice to all persons that 
 the said Bishop of Samos is an indifferent tall man, and slender, with long 
 black hair, having a wart on the right side of the nose, but against his eye, 
 and black whiskers, and very little beard, which said Bishop wrote the 
 History of Samos ; and with the assistance of good Christians hath built and 
 almost finished the Grecian Church in Sohoe Fields, by licence from his 
 Majesty.' 
 
 It appears that the Greek colony, which at first was fairly strong 
 in Greek Street and the neighbourhood, removed eastward about the 
 year 1682. At any rate, there were sufficient Grecians dwelling in 
 the City to render it desirable that the Greek church should be 
 situated nearer to them than Soho. It was therefore decided to give 
 up the building at Soho and find a more convenient site elsewhere. 
 The following interesting statement of the troubles which befell this 
 persecuted church was drawn up by Archbishop Georgeirenes, and a 
 printed copy of it is preserved in the British Museum Library : 
 
 ' From the 
 Arch-Bishop 
 
 of the 
 Isle of Samos, in Greece. 
 
 M
 
 1 62 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 * An account of his building the Grecian Church in So-hoe Fields, and the 
 disposal thereof by the Masters of the Parish of St. Martin's in the Feilds. 
 
 'In the year 1676 I came into England with intentions to publish a 
 Book in print, called Anthologion, for the use of the Eastern Greek Church, 
 but finding they had no place allotted for the Exercise of our Religion, but 
 that some Persons of our Country, Daniel Bulgaris, a Priest, and others, 
 who had earnestly indeavoured to get one builded, and in order thereunto 
 had obtained his Majesties gracious Grant for the same, two years before 
 my arrival; but wanting means, methods, and interest to proceed to the 
 accomplishing this their purpose, they desired me to take the business upon 
 me ; in which, though some difficulties appeared unsuitable to my Function ; 
 yet in Piety to the Church, and to promote the exercise of the Divine 
 Service thereof, I undertook the charge, and proceeded therein, as followeth : 
 viz. I first applyed myself to the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of London, 
 to acquaint him therewith, and his Lordship did so far approve thereof that 
 he promised to speak to the other Bishops and other Gentlemen to bestow 
 their benevolent Contributions towards the building the said church. Next 
 I applyed myself to Doctor Barbone,* who was then concerned in building 
 in So-hoe Feilds. He, as soon as he was acquainted with my design, pro- 
 mised to give me a piece of ground and to build the Foundation at his 
 own charge ; thereupon I went again to his said Lordship, and telling him 
 thereof, he promised to give me a piece of ground himself, and sent one Mr. 
 Thrift^ with me, and I marked out the ground. 
 
 'Hereupon I went to his Majesty, the Duke of York, and most of the 
 Nobility and Clergy, who were pleased to contribute freely to the Building, 
 there being gathered both in City and Country fifteen hundred pounds. I 
 began the foundation at my own charge, and as I received the Contributions 
 I went on, and expended therein, as may appear by the Workmens Receipts, 
 eight hundred pounds, and the remainder of the money was expended in 
 charges, Servants wages, and Horse-hire in going about the Country, and in 
 my maintenance for these six years last past. 
 
 ' After some time, the Church being found inconveniently situated, being 
 
 * Dr. Barbone, supposed to have been son of the notorious ' Praise-God Barebone,' was 
 M.D., and M.P. fcr Bramber, and a great builder. Newport Market was formerly called 
 Barbone Square. 
 
 f Mr. Thrift was probably the person from whom Frith Street, formerly called Thrift 
 Street, was named.
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 163 
 
 too remote from the abodes of most of the Grecians (dwelling chiefly in the 
 furthermost parts of the City), it was upon mature consideration thought fit 
 to be sold, another to be builded in a more convenient place ; whereupon I 
 applyed myself again to his Lordship, the Bishop of London, who was pleased 
 to tell me that when the said Church was sold, his Lordship would give his 
 Grant and Title for the building of another. 
 
 ' Hereupon I endeavoured to sell it, and finding two persons that would 
 buy the same, the Lord Bishop of London would not consent thereto, lest the 
 Party should make a Meeting House thereof. Hereupon I went to the 
 Doctor of St. Martin's, who proposing it to the Parish, they consented before 
 the said Lord Bishop to let it be apprais'd by two able Workmen. The 
 Church was accordingly veiwed, and rated to be worth 6267. The Parish 
 proffered 1 6 8/., alleging that the ground was theirs and not the Bishops: 
 This agreement falling off, I found out others who proffered 6z/. more than 
 the Parish had done, which they of the Parish coming to understand, they 
 proffered zoo/., which I refusing to take, the Lord Bishop required me to 
 give them the Key, which I denying to do, they told me they would take 
 the Church without it, as they did accordingly, breaking open the dore and 
 taking possession : Hereupon I endeavoured to carry the person who broke 
 open the door before a Justice, that I might justifie myself, but the Parish 
 not permitting him to go, I went myself, but not finding the Justice, I de- 
 sisted from any further proceeding. 
 
 ' This relation I have thought fit to make, that thereby all Persons 
 may see I never Sold the said Church, nor received any sum for the building 
 thereof. London, Printed for A. F. 1682.' 
 
 The next phase in the history of the building, which occurred 
 soon afterwards, was its conversion to the uses of the French Pro- 
 testants. On May 3151, 1684, Letters Patent were given by 
 Charles II., on the petition of Dr. Tenison, the Vicar, on the behalf 
 of himself and the parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, granting the sites 
 and fabrics of the church, then used by the French Protestants, and of 
 almshouses, unto the Right Hon. Thomas Lord Jermyn, Baron of 
 Bury St. Edmunds, in the county of Suffolk, and his heirs, in trust, and 
 for the benefit of the poor of the said parish. A small piece of ground 
 was taken out of the land for a graveyard for the alms-people and
 
 164 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 others, and was consecrated by Bishop Compton on March 2ist, 
 1685. 
 
 The use of this church by the French Protestants is immortalised 
 in Hogarth's weH-known painting, c Noon.' At the time when the 
 picture was painted, Hog Lane and the adjacent streets were to a 
 large extent peopled by French refugees and their descendants, and 
 the artist has chosen as his scene the outside of the French church in 
 Hog Lane, when the congregation are dispersing after the morning 
 service. The exact time, as indicated upon the dial of St. Giles's 
 Church in the distance, is seven or eight minutes before mid-day, and 
 amongst those who are shown as emerging from the doorway is 
 the figure of the Rev. Thomas Herve, who was the minister there 
 from about 1727 to 1731. It is said to have been a very good like- 
 ness, and it is interesting to know that the actual doorway depicted 
 by Hogarth may still be seen on the south wall of St. Mary's 
 Church. 
 
 It is apparent, at a glance, that the position of St. Giles's church 
 tower with regard to this chapel in Hog Lane is not correctly in- 
 dicated in Hogarth's picture. In fact it is exactly reversed j but of 
 course the artist's object was to paint a typical picture of noon, not 
 an exact representation of Hog Lane. Where possible, however, 
 the picture is wonderfully true to the scene represented, and the 
 shop opposite the church, bearing the sign of c The Good Woman,' 
 adds a local detail which proves the artist's intimate acquaintance 
 with the locality. 
 
 Some of the ministers who have officiated at this chapel were the 
 Revs. Jacques Durand, 1715 ; Darvilliers, a proselyte ; Jean Hudel, 
 1725 ; Thomas Herve, 1727 ; and Jacques Severin, 1751. 
 
 The French congregation, under the name of c Les Grecs,' re- 
 mained in possession until 1822. 
 
 From deeds in the possession of the Rev. Robert Gwynne, the 
 Vicar of St. Mary's, it appears that in October, 1822, the old Greek 
 church was sold (subject to the lease to the French Protestants, of
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 165 
 
 which two years still remained) by the surviving trustees of St. 
 Martin's parish, and by Mr. Frances Const and Mr. Emanuel Allen, 
 to the trustees of a body of Dissenters called in the deed-declaration 
 of trust (December, 1824) * Persons who believe, or profess to 
 believe, the Scriptures as contained in the Old and New Testaments, 
 and explained in the doctrinal articles of the Church of England, and 
 in the shorter catechism of the Assembly of Divines convened at 
 Westminster in the year 1643, as commonly explained by Calvinists 
 being Pedobaptists,' and to others. From this time until December, 
 1849, tne church was occupied by these and other dissenting sects. 
 Rev. J. Rees was pastor here for some years, and was buried in front 
 of where the pulpit stood. The next minister was the Rev. Thomas 
 Sharp, who died about the year 1837. It was then about to be 
 turned into a dancing-saloon and music-hall, but fortunately the pro- 
 posed desecration was averted. 
 
 The Rev. Nugent Wade, Rector of St. Anne's, with the assistance 
 of some friends, purchased the structure, which was then fitted up 
 for the service of the Church of England by Mr. P. C. Hardwick. 
 It was consecrated by Bishop Blomfield, under the title of St. Mary 
 the Virgin, on St. Peter's Day, June 2Qth, 1850. 
 
 The first curates in charge were the Revs. Walter Blunt, Archer 
 Gurney (late of Paris), and W. B. Atkins. 
 
 A separate district was assigned to the church in 1856, and the 
 Rev. J. C. Chambers was appointed incumbent. During 1856 and 
 1857, R CV - W. W. Talfourd, son of Judge Talfourd, was curate 
 here. Mr. Chambers, who died in 1874, was mainly instrumental 
 in building large and handsome schools accommodating six hundred 
 children, a clergy-house, and the chancel and north aisle of the 
 church. In his active and untiring exertions he was ably assisted 
 by the Rev. J. J. Elkington, the senior curate. 
 
 The clergy-house was the first building erected, its foundation- 
 stone having been laid by Mrs. Gladstone in 1869. The corner- 
 stone of the chancel was laid in 1872 by Canon Liddon, and the
 
 1 66 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SO HO. 
 
 schools and north aisle of the church were begun early in 1873 and 
 completed in 1874. The clergy-house is a lofty building of six 
 floors. The basement is occupied by the kitchen offices, the 
 ground floor by the choir and clergy vestries, the first floor by the 
 common-room, and the remaining three floors by rooms for the 
 vicar and curates. The building is faced with red bricks, and the 
 string-courses and window-sills and heads are of stone. 
 
 The schools adjoining the clergy-house on the north are arranged 
 in three floors. The ground floor is for the infants, the first floor for 
 girls, and the second floor for boys. 
 
 The chancel of the church, which is of unusual and almost dis- 
 proportionate height, abuts on Charing Cross Road. It was sup- 
 posed, when this portion of the church was built, that the new road 
 leading from Charing Cross to Tottenham Court Road would take 
 a course on the western side, when it was intended that a 
 new nave with an imposing western front should be built in 
 the new street ; but since that street has been constructed on 
 the east side the old nave has been allowed to remain, and its 
 ancient walls with their humble proportions survive as an in- 
 teresting souvenir of the early days of this interesting and historical 
 edifice. 
 
 The new buildings have been erected upon the site of the old 
 church-house, charity-house, and almshouses. 
 
 The present Vicar, the Rev. Robert Gwynne, formerly curate of 
 St. Anne's, was instituted in 1874, and since that date industrial 
 schools have been built, where instruction is given to boys in 
 repousse metal-work, wood-carving, cabinet-making, carpentering, 
 fretwork, shoemaking and mending. The girls learn embroidery 
 and dressmaking. 
 
 With regard to the interior of the church it may be stated that 
 there are in the decorative features several interesting reminders of 
 the Greek origin of the edifice. The figure of our Lord over the altar 
 represents the Greek idea of c repose on the Cross,' and is the work
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 167 
 
 of Miss Grant; and in other parts of the building may be noticed 
 such symbols as the Greek and Latin crosses. 
 
 The west end of the nave is pierced by a large rose window, in 
 the tracery of which the Greek cross is introduced, the external 
 spandrels of which bear the emblems of the four evangelists. 
 
 In conclusion we have to express our thanks to the Rev. Robert 
 Gwynne, the present Vicar, for many facts contained in this brief 
 account of the Church of St. Mary the Virgin. 
 
 ST. PATRICK'S R.C. CHURCH. 
 
 The early history of this church is closely associated with that of 
 one of the most famous buildings in Soho Square. Shortly after the 
 demolition of Carlisle House, on the east side of the square, an 
 edifice erected by Mrs. Cornelys in the grounds of Carlisle House, 
 which was separated from the mansion by a 4 Chinese bridge,' was 
 converted into a Roman Catholic chapel. In pulling down the old 
 chapel recently, a very interesting relic was found indicating the date 
 of the erection of the building which served subsequently as the first 
 chapel. It is a small copper plate, 4^ inches by 3| inches, bearing 
 the following inscription : 
 
 ' NOT VAIN BUT GRATEFUL 
 
 IN HONOUR OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 AND MY FIRST PROTECTRESS YE 
 
 HON BLE - M RS - ELIZABETH CHUDLEIGH 
 
 Is LAID THE FIRST STONE 
 
 OF THIS EDIFICE 
 
 JUNE 19, 1761 
 
 BY ME 
 
 TERESA CORNELYS; 
 
 This was one of the first public Roman Catholic churches in 
 London which was not attached to an embassy. It was dedicated to 
 St. Patrick, and opened on St. Michael's Day, 1793, Rev. Arthur 
 O'Leary, the founder, preaching the first sermon. He was an
 
 i68 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 eloquent speaker, and, as Rev. John Wesley calls him, c an arch and 
 lively writer.' He distinguished himself as a friend to freedom, 
 liberty, and toleration, and was on this account highly complimented 
 by Grattori, Flood, and other members of the Irish Parliament in 
 their public speeches. 
 
 He was a native of Ireland, went to France when young, studied 
 at the College of St. Malo in Brittany, and finally entered into the 
 Franciscan order of Capuchins. He came to England about 1790, 
 and was appointed chief priest of the new chapel in Sutton Street, 
 where he continued, highly respected by all who knew him, till his 
 death, at an advanced age, in 1802. 
 
 Father O'Leary, besides the oration upon the occasion we have 
 narrated, printed, in connection with this chapel, c The Last Sermon 
 at St. Patrick's Chapel, Soho, March 8, 1797.' A list of his other 
 works may be seen in Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, 
 
 In November, 1799, an event took place at this chapel which 
 offers a singular contrast to the gay scenes which had so lately 
 passed within its walls. The following is a transcript of an interesting 
 account of the ' Solemnity.' The brochure is entitled : 
 
 'A Funeral Oration on the late Sovereign Pontiff, Pius the Sixth, by 
 the Rev. Arthur O'Leary ; to which is prefixed an account of the Solemn 
 Obsequies performed to his Memory, at Saint Patrick's Chapel, Sutton- 
 street, Soho, by order of Monsignore Erskine, his Holiness's Auditor, on 
 Saturday, the i6th of November, 1799. London : Printed for and sold by 
 the Publisher, F. Keating, No. 1 8 Warwick-street, Golden Square,' &c. 
 
 * DECORATIONS. 
 
 ' This august ceremony was celebrated at St. Patrick's Chapel, Sutton- 
 street, Soho, on Saturday, the i6th of November, 1799, with as high a 
 degree of the solemnity and magnificence of the Roman Catholic mode of 
 worship as could be expected in a country where it is not the established 
 religion. The chapel, the most elegant and capacious structure of the kind 
 in London, was decorated in a style suited to the solemnity of the occasion. 
 At the porticoes or entrances mutes were stationed, habited in their usual
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 169 
 
 mourning costume, with black staves in their hands. The whole interior 
 of the walls, from the ceiling to the ground floor, was hung with black 
 cloth, against which were affixed numerous plated reflectors with wax lights, 
 the centre of the intermediate space between each reflector being occupied 
 by the arms of the Sovereign Pontiff, viz., the Tiara and Cross Keys, painted 
 on a blue ground, with a black margin, edged with gold. The columns 
 which support the galleries were also connected with festoons of black 
 drapery, having plated reflectors, with wax tapers, over each column, whilst 
 shields, with appropriate Scriptural texts, and escutcheons, with emblems 
 suitable to the Pontifical office, occupied the intervening space, forming a 
 contrast with the sable appearance of the walls at once both splendid and 
 awful. 
 
 ' The pulpit, the altar steps, the floors of the sanctuary, and body of 
 the chapel were also cloathed in a sable livery ; and in the centre was erected 
 a magnificent Sarcophagus, Mausoleum, or Tomb, supposed to contain the 
 remains of the Holy Pontiff. It consisted of a platform, to which there was 
 a gradual ascent of several steps from the ground floor, the sides whereof 
 were parallel to those of the chapel, on the top of which was laid an oblong 
 tomb, whose ends were ornamented with similar Pontifical escutcheons and 
 armorial bearings to those already described, and on each side a white satin 
 tablet, containing an inscription in Latin, of which the following is a 
 translation : 
 
 ' " To the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius the Sixth, who, from the hatred of 
 his enemies to the Christian Religion, was led captive into France, and died 
 at Valence, the 2pth of August, 1799." 
 
 ' On the tomb was laid a velvet cushion, superbly embroidered with 
 gold, supporting a splendid model of the Tiara, or Papal Triple Crown, 
 covered by a canopy elevated about twenty feet, and forming an obtuse 
 angle at the top, on which were placed nine superb plumes of ostrich 
 feathers, rising in a pyramidical order from the lower to the uppermost 
 part of the roof. 
 
 ' The canopy was supported by four columns, with stripes of black and 
 white twining alternately in a serpentine manner around their shafts, and 
 connected at top by festoons of black drapery, the steps at their bases being 
 brilliantly illuminated by torches of white wax in massy chandeliers, inter- 
 mixed with large plumes of white ostrich feathers.
 
 170 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 ' ASSEMBLAGE. 
 
 ' The Sanctuary was reserved for the exclusive accommodation of the 
 officiating Bishops and Clergy Monsignore Erskine, the deceased Pontiffs 
 Auditor (under whose directions the plan and ceremonies attending the 
 solemn office were conducted), and several of the exiled Galilean Prelates, 
 among whom were the Archbishop of Narbonne and the Bishop of St. Paul 
 de Leon. The Tribune on the gospel-side of the Sanctuary was appro- 
 priated to the accommodation of the Foreign Ambassadors and other per- 
 sonages of distinction, with whom it was compleatly filled ; as were also 
 the galleries by a numerous concourse of decent people of both sexes and of 
 several religious descriptions ; and as much of the ground floor as was not 
 occupied by the Mausoleum or Tomb was filled by people of an inferior 
 order, who behaved with remarkable piety and decorum. 
 
 ' THE DIRGE, 
 
 Or office for the repose of the Soul of the deceased Pontiff, commenced 
 in the Choir shortly after ten. It was solemn, grand, and impressive. The 
 sounds, alternately variegated between the plaintive and sublime, diffused 
 tender emotions of melancholy around, and excited in the breasts of the 
 audience sentiments of the most unfeigned piety and devotion, mingling the 
 deepest sympathy in the sufferings of so exalted and venerable a character 
 with the utmost detestation of the malice of his persecutors, who had refused 
 to his aged remains the accustomed rites of sepulture. The choir was 
 numerous and compleat ; it consisted of about an hundred voices, including 
 those of the first eminence in the science of sacred music. It is therefore 
 unnecessary to add that the music at High Mass, &c., as well as at the Dirge, 
 was admirably executed. 
 
 'HiGH MASS AND FUNERAL SERVICE. 
 
 'The Dirge being finished at about twelve o'clock, the Right Rev. 
 Doctor Douglass, Bishop of Centuria and Vicar- Apostolic of the London 
 district, preceded by his assistant-priest, deacon, subdeacon, master of cere- 
 monies, mitre-bearer, book-bearer, and twelve acolythists, bearing twelve 
 large white-wax lighted flambleaus, advanced in a a solemn slow procession 
 from the Sacristy to the Sanctuary, where, having made their accustomed 
 reverences at the lower step leading to the Altar, High Mass commenced, 
 which, being gone through with much solemnity, accompanied with sacred
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SO HO. 171 
 
 music, four bishops retired into the Sacristy, viz., the Bishops of Montpellier, 
 Rhodes, Lombez, and Waterford ; and within a few minutes, having cloathed 
 themselves in copes and mitres, returned from thence in solemn procession 
 to the Sanctuary, each having a priest and an acolythist with a wax 
 flambeau to attend him, where having alternately, according to their 
 seniority, first devoutly saluted the Altar, and then the Right Rev. Dr. 
 Douglass, they placed themselves in the seats prepared for them on the 
 gospel-side of the Sanctuary; when the clergyman appointed to deliver the 
 Oration, without being habited in surplice, alb, or stole, as is the custom, 
 ascended the pulpit in a plain mourning cassock. The Oration being 
 ended, the assistant bishops above mentioned, according to their seniority, 
 each alternately, with his attendant priest and acolythist, went in procession 
 around the Mausoleum or Tomb, performing those ceremonies with holy 
 water and incense (as are prescribed in the ritual or ceremonial), the former 
 being a type of the inward purity of the soul, the latter an emblem of the 
 fervency of Christian piety, accompanied with solemn prayers and sacred 
 music. After which all the episcopal dignitaries stood up, whilst the Right 
 Rev. Dr. Douglass, the officiating bishop, performed similar devotions, and 
 closed the solemn and religious ceremonies of the day at four o'clock in the 
 afternoon.' 
 
 Although St. Patrick's was generally known among the Irish as 
 1 Father O'Leary's Chapel,' that gentleman was not actually the 
 rector. The following is a list of the rectors : 
 
 Rev. Daniel Gaffey, 1792-1809. 
 
 The mission was then for about two years under the Rev. Dr. 
 Rigby, who was succeeded by the 
 
 Very Rev. Edward Norris, Vicar-General of the London 
 
 District, 1811-1847. 
 
 Very Rev. Thomas Canon Long (first M.R.), 1848-1859. 
 Rev. Thomas Barge, M.R., 1860-1885. 
 Rev. Langton George Vere, M.R., 1885 (the present Rector). 
 The foundation-stone of the new church was laid in 1890, and 
 the building was opened in March, 1893. It is built of red brick, 
 with a campanile of the same material, about 125 feet high, at the
 
 172 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 corner of Sutton Street and Soho Square. Facing the square in a 
 niche is a statue, in white Portland stone, of St. Patrick. The 
 portico is also of white Portland, supported by Corinthian columns 
 and pilasters ; the tympanum is ornamented with the Papal arms. 
 The entrance porch, which is large and lofty, contains the marble 
 figure of the dead Christ, supported by an angel which many years 
 ago was given to St. Patrick's Church by Mr. Burgess. Under 
 this is the holy water stoup. Passing from the porch through folding- 
 doors we enter the ante-chapel, or Narthex, divided from the church 
 by iron gates. From this portion of the structure a good view of 
 the interior of the church may be obtained. On the right is an 
 entrance to the presbytery and the mural monument to Rev. 
 Arthur O'Leary. On the left is a flight of stone steps leading to 
 the Tribune and to the Sodality Chapel. A few steps further a door 
 leads down another flight of steps to a large Confraternity-room. 
 Entering the church by the iron gates, to the left is the Baptistery. 
 In the recesses which follow are the confessionals and small porch 
 leading into Sutton Street. The organ is on the left of the sanctuary. 
 The choir stalls are of carved and polished walnut wood. The altar 
 and altar rails are of choice Italian marble and richly carved. The 
 sanctuary and altar steps are of marble, and the floor of the sanctuary of 
 polished parquetry. The side chapels on the right side of the church 
 contain the grand pictures by Van Dyck and Carlo Dolci. The roof 
 spans the whole of the building, and consequently there are no pillars 
 to obscure the view of the sanctuary from all parts of the church. 
 
 The total external length is 157 feet. The nave is internally 
 92 feet long and 34 feet wide, and the total width of the nave and 
 aisles internally is 47 feet. 
 
 The Church of the Marist Fathers called the Church of Notre 
 Dame de France just ofF Leicester Square, is chiefly remarkable 
 from the fact that it occupies the premises which were once widely 
 known as Burford's Panorama.
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 173 
 
 FRENCH AND OTHER FOREIGN CHURCHES. 
 
 There were once in Soho several chapels for the convenience of 
 the French, Swiss, and other foreigners who formed so large a pro- 
 portion of the population of the district. 
 
 The following is a list of those in Soho and its immediate 
 environs : 
 
 The French Church in Hog Lane. 
 
 The French Church in Ryder's Court. 
 
 The French Church in Castle Street. 
 
 The French Church in Berwick Street. 
 
 The French Church in Little Chapel Street. 
 
 The French Church in West Street. 
 
 The French Church in Grafton Street. 
 
 The French Church at Monmouth House. 
 
 The French Church in Dudley Court. 
 
 The French Church in Edward Street ; and 
 
 The Swiss Church in Moor Street. 
 
 Strype, speaking of the French churches in this parish, says : 
 4 Where our Liturgy, turned into French is used, French Ministers 
 that are Refugees, Episcopally ordained, officiating : several whereof 
 are hereabouts seen walking in the Canonical Habit of the English 
 Clergy. Abundance of French People, many whereof are voluntary 
 exiles for their religion, live in these streets and lanes, following 
 honest trades ; and some gentry of the same nation.' 
 
 The French church in Hog Lane has been referred to already in 
 the account of St. Mary's Church, Charing Cross Road. 
 
 The churches in Ryder's Court and Castle Street have been 
 entirely demolished, as is also the case with that in Berwick Street.* 
 The last-named church was used from 1689 to 1694 by a congre- 
 gation called 'La Patente,' or ' Le Temple.' In 1735 Rev. Cassar 
 De Missy was appointed to preach here. The following notice 
 
 * St. Luke's Church, Berwick Street, now occupies the site.
 
 174 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 
 
 appeared in the Public Advertiser of November I4th, 1764 : 
 1 Sunday next and the Sunday following the four Annual Charity- 
 Sermons will be preached in the French Chapel called the Patent, in 
 Chapel Street, near Soho-square ; the Produce of which is to give 
 Coals, in this cold and dear Season to several poor French Protestant 
 Refugees. By the last Year's List it appears that 150 Families were 
 assisted with this useful and necessary commodity by the said Charity. 
 Donations will be thankfully received at the Chapel Doors, or 
 in the Vestry. This public Method is taken in hopes of continuing 
 this charitable Distribution, and to excite the Benevolence of those 
 who do not want much Argument to be moved to so good an Act.' 
 
 The church does not appear to have been used as a place of 
 worship after 1788, and was subsequently converted into a room 
 for the performance of private theatricals. 
 
 The church or chapel in Little Chapel Street was originally 
 built for French refugees in the reign of Charles II. In recent times 
 it was converted into a hall in connection with the movement ini- 
 tiated by Mr. Robert S. Hudson, of Chester, and called Wardour 
 Hall. Its lease having expired, it was pulled down in 1894. 
 
 The church in West Street, erected for the use of a congregation 
 of French refugees, called * La Pyramide,' or c La Tremblade,' was 
 subsequently turned into an Episcopalian chapel. Rev. John Wesley 
 preached here between the years 1743 and 1793, and the pulpit has 
 at various times been filled by Whitefield, Romaine, and Fletcher of 
 Madeley. The building is now used as a church in connection with 
 the Seven Dials Mission. The register of this church, with that of 
 * La Charenton,' was for many years deposited with the congre- 
 gation of * Les Grecs.' It contains a list of baptisms from September 
 20th, 1706, to April 1 5th, 1742, and of marriages from November 
 2nd, 1706, to July 24th, 1741. The following ministers officiated 
 
 in the West Street Church : Duval, 1710 ; Renon, 1716 ; 
 
 Columbe, 1718; J. Cesvet, 1740; Gideon Delamotte ; J. 
 Yver j A. P. Fleury ; La Place ; and Roques.
 
 THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO. 175 
 
 The church in Grafton Street, used by a congregation called 
 * La Charenton,' was an antique building next door to the mansion 
 of the Duke of Grafton. The ministers were : Louis La Prade, 
 1701 ; Henry Daubigny, 1701. The register covers the period 
 from 1701 to 1705. The congregation vacated the church before 
 1706, and it has been suggested that this building (described in an 
 account as c a sort of wooden booth built over the shambles in New- 
 port Market ') was the one in which John Henley, or * Orator ' 
 Henley, as he was generally called, commenced his absurd enter- 
 tainments. After the year 1729 the building passed into the hands 
 of the Baptists. 
 
 Of the modern chapels, &c., of Soho, it will perhaps suffice to 
 mention the Welsh Presbyterian Chapel near Cambridge Circus, in 
 Charing Cross Road, designed by James Cubitt, and the handsome 
 French Protestant Church in Soho Square, recently erected from the 
 designs of Aston Webb.
 
 1 7 6 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, PLACES OF AMUSEMENT, ETC. 
 
 Hospitals Aldridges Repository St. Anne's Schools Sobo 
 Bazaar Sobo Academy 'The Dean Street Music Room 
 The Palace Theatre The Royalty Theatre The 
 Empire Theatre Punch's 'Theatre The Sans Souci 
 Theatre Old Taverns: The Blue Posts, The Feathers, 
 The Genoa Arms, The Hercules' Pillars, The Intrepid Fox, 
 Jack's Coffee House, The Palatine's Head, The Rose and 
 Crown, The Turk's Head, The Two Chairmen. 
 
 HOSPITALS, ETC. 
 
 THE following are the chief hospitals in Soho, with the date of 
 their establishment: 
 
 The Hospital for Women, Soho Square, 1842. 
 The National Hospital for Diseases of the Heart and Paralysis, 
 
 Soho Square, 1857. 
 
 The Royal Ear Hospital, Frith Street, 1816. 
 The Lock Hospital, Dean Street, 1862. 
 The Dental Hospital, Leicester Square, 1858. 
 St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Leicester Square, 
 
 1863. 
 
 Westminster General Dispensary, Gerrard Street, 1774. 
 In addition to certain local charities bequeathed to the parishes of 
 St. Anne and St. Mary, the following are some of the other charitable
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TA TERNS, ETC. 177 
 
 institutions in Soho which are largely or entirely supported by volun- 
 tary effort : 
 
 The House of Charity for Distressed Persons in London, 
 
 Greek Street, 1846. 
 
 Soho Club and Home for Working Girls, Greek Street. 
 St. John Baptist's Home (Orphan and Industrial School), 
 
 Rose Street, 1862. 
 
 St. Andrew's Home and Club for Working Boys, Dean Street, 
 1866. 
 
 ALDRIDGE'S REPOSITORY. 
 
 The horse-repository in St. Martin's Lane, named, from its 
 original proprietor, c Aldridge's,' was established in 1753 thirteen 
 years earlier than Tattersall's. From its commencement, Aldridge's 
 has been a well-known mart for nearly all kinds of horses, except 
 racers. It is, however, specially famous for the sale of middle-class 
 and tradesmen's horses. As soon as the West End season is over, 
 the London job-master sells off his superfluous stock, and this market 
 is the recognised medium for getting rid of the horses for which he 
 has no further, or, at any rate, no immediate use. Many horses 
 sold at this period are purchased by seaside men, whose harvest is 
 about to commence. 
 
 In 1771, the stable of hunters belonging to 'the subscription Fox 
 Hounds at Croydon, late the property of Henry Thrale, Esq.,' were 
 advertised to be sold at this repository. 
 
 Coach-horses are frequently sold here at the present time, just as 
 they used to be sold in the olden days. The present proprietors are 
 Messrs. W. & S. Freeman. 
 
 ST. ANNE'S SCHOOLS. 
 
 St. Anne's Schools have a history of nearly 200 years. They 
 were founded in 1699, not by the National Society, but by the
 
 1 78 INSTITUTIONS, TA TERNS, ETC. 
 
 parish for the parish, for the purpose of giving to the children of 
 the poor of St. Anne's sound secular and religious education. The 
 original premises were in Rose Street, and in the early days of the 
 school the children were not only taught, but housed, fed, and clothed 
 at the expense of the school funds. About the year 1846, paying 
 day scholars were for the first time admitted, and in a few years they 
 outnumbered the charity scholars, who gradually disappeared alto- 
 gether. In 1872, owing to the increased number of scholars, it was 
 found necessary to obtain new premises, and the large premises in 
 Dean Street, known as Caudwell's Dancing Academy, were pur- 
 chased at a large cost and adapted for school purposes. 
 
 SOHO BAZAAR. 
 
 The Bazaar, in Soho Square, c opened to encourage female and 
 domestic industry,' was established by Mr. John Trotter in 1816, and 
 opened to the public on February 1st in that year. It was an important 
 institution, both on account of its having been the first establishment 
 of its kind in this country and also from the immense popularity it 
 once enjoyed. In an account of Soho Bazaar, published about three 
 months after it was opened, it is stated that the average number of 
 daily visitors was about 2500, and local tradition still speaks of the 
 days when persons of consequence and position made their purchases 
 here in such numbers that the adjacent portions of Soho Square were 
 occupied by two or three rows of waiting carriages. 
 
 Soho Bazaar, at Nos. 4, 5, and 6 Soho Square, was planned by 
 Mr. Trotter solely with a benevolent motive. At the termination of 
 the war, when a large number of widows, orphans, and dependent 
 relatives of those who had lost their lives on foreign service were in 
 distress, and unable to find employment, he conceived the idea of 
 affording them advantages to begin business without great risk and 
 outlay of capital. Mr. Trotter had an extensive range of unoc- 
 cupied premises, and without any idea of personal emolument he 
 offered them for the purpose to the Government, free of expense,
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 179 
 
 for several years. His offer, however, was declined. Thereupon 
 he himself undertook the responsibility, and under excellent man- 
 agement the establishment proved to be very successful. 
 
 The area occupied by Soho Bazaar was admirably suited to a 
 large business house : it was upwards of 270 feet in length on the 
 side next to Oxford Street, and its Dean Street frontage extended 
 to upwards of 130 feet. The building, as at first fitted up, con- 
 sisted of several very lofty and spacious rooms, five of which were 
 occupied by the bazaar in the early days of its history. ' The door 
 opens out of Soho Square,' says a contemporary writer ;* ' the first 
 room you enter is sixty-two feet long, thirty-six broad, and about 
 eleven high. The walls are hung with red cloth from top to bottom, 
 and around them, at a distance of about five feet from the ceiling, 
 runs a piece of black tape, above which the tenants are not allowed, 
 without leave, to hang or expose any of their goods, the upper part 
 being reserved .... for charitable and benevolent purposes. At 
 either end are large mirrors, and on the sides of the beams, running 
 longitudinally along the ceiling, are painted in very large characters 
 the following inscriptions : 
 
 4 " Persons in distressed circumstances, desirous of exhibiting 
 articles of ingenuity or value for sale, may here deposit them for that 
 purpose, Gratis. 
 
 ' " Observe : That no goods are allowed to be exhibited in the 
 Bazaar that are of foreign produce or manufacture, without special 
 leave in writing. 
 
 ' " Observe : That no abatement can be made from the ready- 
 money prices affixed to each article exhibited for sale." ' 
 
 The system of marking all goods at the lowest price is said to 
 have produced * a wonderful economy in words ; hence bargaining 
 becomes superfluous there is no clamour, no useless noise, or con- 
 fusion.' There were usually about 200 persons engaged in selling, 
 
 * Rev. Joseph Nightingale. The Bazaar, its Origin, &fc. 1816.
 
 180 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 and upwards of ten times that number of customers and visitors. 
 Respectability, good moral character, and good temper were con- 
 sidered to be essential to all who applied for permission to sell in the 
 bazaar, and applicants were required to obtain references upon these 
 points from those who were able to speak from personal knowledge. 
 The traders were bound to be in the bazaar before ten o'clock in the 
 morning. At six in the evening the doors were closed, and the 
 counters were then cleared. 
 
 The counters were of the total length of 750 feet, and were two 
 feet in breadth. They were furnished with mahogany tops and 
 neatly painted panelled sides. The vendors, for the privilege of 
 exposing their goods for sale, were required to pay a small sum at 
 the rate of about i\d. per square foot of counter per day. 
 
 A door from the north-west corner of the room just described 
 gave access to the apartments for watchmen and also to the kitchen, 
 which extended the whole length of the building. This kitchen was 
 furnished with dining-tables, 50 feet in length, where refreshments 
 were provided at a moderate cost for the stall-keepers. 
 
 The lobby, 23 feet square, was entered from the first-mentioned 
 room by means of an archway, 9^ feet wide. From the lobby one 
 could reach the Grotto, a passage 25 feet in length and 5 feet in 
 breadth, and whose sides were covered with plants, shrubs, flowers, 
 &c., belonging to one of the tenants. A door from the Grotto lead 
 to the Parterre, 37! feet long and nearly 15 feet broad. All the 
 plants and flowers in the Grotto and Parterre were for sale and marked 
 at the lowest prices. 
 
 From the lobby, a staircase gave access to the upper rooms, 
 which were also fitted with counters for the various articles offered 
 for sale. 
 
 The success which attended Mr. Trotter's experiment induced 
 many private individuals to establish bazaars in different parts of 
 London ; but in most, if not all, of those cases only a small amount 
 or temporary success was reached.
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 181 
 
 After an existence of nearly eighty years, the Soho Bazaar 
 appears to have reached the last phase of decadence. Its premises 
 have become almost entirely absorbed by the business house of 
 Messrs. A. & C. Black, the well-known publishers, and probably it 
 will soon be an institution of the past. 
 
 SOHO ACADEMY. 
 
 The house on the north side of the square, now No. 8, was 
 formerly the celebrated Soho Academy. It was established early in 
 the eighteenth century, as may be gathered from the Rules and 
 Orders for the Government of the Academy in Soho Square, London. 
 Among the 4 Rates for Learning, Boarding, and Tuition,' prefixed 
 to that brochure, is the following clause : 4 They (the scholars) have 
 also the use of a large and select library of the best English authors 
 in prose and verse, and enjoy all other advantages of the Society 
 established among the pupils of this place in the year 1719.' The 
 masters of the academy, when the rules were printed, were Martin 
 Clare, A.M. and F.R.S., and the Rev. Cuthbert Barwis, A.M. 
 
 Martin Clare is well known from his published experiments 
 On the Motion of Fluids, Natural and Artificial, 1736. 8vo. This 
 volume is dedicated to Thomas Thynne, Lord Viscount Weymouth, 
 and subscribed c From the Academy in Soho Square, May I, 1736.' 
 He was also the author of The Youth's Introduction to Trade and 
 Business, 1758. 8vo. 
 
 The Rev. Cuthbert (afterwards Dr.) Barwis seems to have 
 carried on the school after Martin Clare's death or retirement. 
 Holman the actor, Fawcett the actor, and Morton the dramatist, 
 were schoolfellows at the Soho Academy under Dr. Barwis. A 
 peculiar feature of the school at that time was the relaxation per- 
 mitted of acting English tragedy and comedy. Holman was 
 certainly the hero of the company. Old people have often been 
 heard to talk of his Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, Richard III., 
 Prince Hal, and the accomplished Benedick in Much Ado about
 
 1 82 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 Nothing. c Dr. Barwis's view,' says Boaden, * in not merely per- 
 mitting, but urging and correcting such performances, was confessedly 
 to give the pupils a free and unembarrassed manner, and an accurate 
 and powerful elocution, which he concluded to be essential to the 
 display of the sound erudition which occupied their studies. I am 
 not able to state whether the church, or the bar, or the senate have 
 derived any accession of graceful oratory from the plan ; it, I confess, 
 seemed to me, if I may parody the poet, 
 
 " Stage-born, and destined to the stage again." ' 
 
 Angelo says in his Reminiscences^ c The first time I saw Holman, 
 the performer, was when at school in Soho Square, at the Rev. Dr. 
 Barwis's. Hamlet was the character. It was in the Christmas 
 holidays ; there was afterwards a dance in the schoolroom.' 
 
 The schoolroom of this celebrated academy was a large apart- 
 ment at the back of the house, the entrance being in Oxford 
 Street. It was afterwards converted into a chapel. 
 
 The next master of the Soho Academy was the Rev. William 
 Barrow, LL.D., afterwards Prebendary of Southwell, Rector of 
 Beelsby, Lincolnshire, and Archdeacon of Nottingham. He was 
 born in the West Riding of Yorkshire about 1754; educated at 
 Queen's College, Oxford; B.A. 1778, M.A. 1783, B. and D.C.L. 
 1785. He died April igth, 1836. Dr. Barrow delivered the 
 Bampton lectures in 1799; when published in a volume they met 
 with a rapid sale. He was the author of An Essay on Education^ 
 1802, I2mo., of which two large editions were sold in a few years. 
 In a small pamphlet, entitled Additions to the First Edition of an 
 Essay on Education, 1804, there is the following curious note con- 
 n^~ted with the Soho performances : 
 
 ' When I first engaged the Academy in Soho-square, I found that the 
 
 annual performance of one of the Dramas of Shakespeare had been an 
 
 established custom for many years ; and for four years longer it was con- 
 
 nued ; and then from a conviction of its impropriety, finally relinquished.
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 183 
 
 That in consequence of sparing neither care nor time, neither labour nor 
 expense upon the preparation, our performance obtained an extraordinary 
 degree of excellence, or at least of celebrity, I may the more freely venture 
 to state ; not only because it was universally admitted by all who were 
 acquainted with the school, but because 1 avow this very excellence to 
 have constituted the principal objection to the exercise. It exposed us the 
 more to the censures, which I have passed upon such performances in 
 general, for it rendered our own more productive of the evils which natu- 
 rally result from them. Several of the actors, who have since attained 
 considerable eminence on our publick theatres, imbibed in the academy, 
 over which I presided, their first passion for the stage ; and some of the 
 most intelligent of the parents of our pupils became so sensible of the 
 dangers to which their sons were exposed, that they refused to have their 
 names inserted amongst those of the dramatis persons. Various attempts 
 were made to guard against the inconveniences of the practice, by what 
 were thought necessary or judicious regulations. But it was soon found 
 that the only effectual remedy for its various evils was a total abolition. 
 That this abolition proceeded from conviction and principle in the master, 
 the reader will the more readily believe when he is informed that during 
 the four years, in which a play was annually performed, the number of 
 pupils in the academy was more than doubled ; and that, although he never 
 again had so large a school as during the year immediately succeeding the 
 last of the plays, he would never suffer the practice to be revived.' 
 
 Dr. Barrow retired from the school, of which he had been master 
 for seventeen years, in 1802. After his retirement, according to a 
 short notice in the Gentleman's Magazine^ c He divided his time 
 between his books, in which he always retained a strong attachment, 
 and the conversation and society of his friends, to whom his visits 
 were always acceptable ; not declining, however, to give gratuitous 
 assistance to his clerical friends in the duties of his profession, or to 
 preach occasional sermons, of which many were published at the 
 request of audiences to which they were respectively addressed.' 
 
 THE DEAN STREET Music ROOM. 
 The 'Great Concert Room/ as it was called, figures con-
 
 1 84 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 spicuously in the fashionable annals of London for a long series of 
 years, commencing in the year 1750, and extending beyond the 
 beginning of the present century. It was a large house, partly in 
 Dean Street (No. 17), and partly in Frith Street (No. 67), which 
 had been inhabited by the Venetian Ambassador. The following 
 advertisement, which appeared in the General Advertiser of March 
 23rd, 1750, is believed to be one of the earliest references to its use 
 for musical entertainments : 
 
 ' For the Benefit of Mr. Parry and Mr. Gwynn, at the Great House in 
 Thrift Street, Soho (late the Venetian Ambassador's) on Monday, March 
 26 [1750], will be perform'd a Concert of Vocal and Instrumental Musick. 
 The Vocal Parts by Sig. Gaetano Guadagni ; the first Violin by Mr. 
 Brown ; and several pieces of Music on two Welsh Harps together by 
 Mr. Parry and Mr. Gwynne ; also several Welsh and Scotch Airs by Mr. 
 Parry alone. Tickets to be had at the place of performance at 5 shillings 
 each. To begin at seven o'clock.' 
 
 John Parry, who died about 1780, was harper to Sir Watkyn 
 \Villiam Wynne. He was a celebrated performer, and in a musical 
 contest with Hugh Jhon Prys, of Llandderval, carried off the prize. 
 He published, jointly with Evan Williams, another Welsh bard, a 
 collection of Welsh airs under the title of Antlent British Music ; or 
 a Collection of Tunes never before Published. 1742. 
 
 In the year 1751 it appears by the newspaper advertisement that 
 c Coaches are desired to come to the Door in Frith-street, and Chairs 
 to the Door in Frith-street, or Dean-street, as happens to be con- 
 venient.' 
 
 At the beginning of the year 1753 a series of Subscription 
 Concerts was given, and Sig. Guadagni, Signora Frasi, Sig. Cervetto, 
 and Miss Turner were the principal performers. 
 
 Malcolm, noticing the performance of Judas Maccabesus here in 
 1760, says, c The music-room is now Christie's auction-room for 
 furniture, and seems in a state of ruin.'
 
 INSTITUTIONS, T4VERNS, ETC. 18 j 
 
 Towards the end of the last century the room appears to have 
 been hired by various auctioneers for their sales of pictures, drawings, 
 furniture, &c. 
 
 It was known as Caudwell's Dancing Academy in 1872, when 
 it was acquired by the parish and adapted for the use of St. Anne's 
 Schools. 
 
 THE PALACE THEATRE, CAMBRIDGE CIRCUS. 
 
 The foundation of this superb theatre was laid on December I5th, 
 1888, and in January, 1891, it was opened as the Royal English 
 Opera House. It is by far the handsomest and most commodious 
 of London theatres. The building, designed by Mr. T. E. Collcutt, 
 is mainly of red brick and terra-cotta externally, and white-glazed 
 brick, concrete, and ornamental marble internally. The auditorium 
 will accommodate nearly 2000 persons. The marble-lined vestibule 
 is entered from Cambridge Circus, and the grand staircase, which 
 is one of the chief features of the building, cost for the marble 
 alone about 25007. The proscenium arch is also of solid marble, 
 and cost about ifoo/. The curtain is largely composed of asbestos, 
 and the electric light is used throughout the building. 
 
 For some time past the building has been converted into a Palace 
 of Varieties, under the name of the Palace Theatre. 
 
 THE ROYALTY THEATRE. 
 
 This theatre, once known as c Miss Kelly's Theatre,' afterwards as 
 'Soho Theatre,' then as the c Royalty Theatre,' and now as the l New 
 Royalty Theatre,' is situated at No. 73 Dean Street. Miss Frances 
 Maria Kelly, who lived at this address, constructed the theatre in the 
 rear of her residence on a site which had previously been devoted to 
 the dissecting-room of Mr. J. Carpue, M.R.C.S., her next-door 
 neighbour. The building, which is small and admirably adapted for 
 comedies, cost its owner i6oo/.
 
 1 86 INSTITUTIONS, TA TERNS, ETC. 
 
 In September, 1845, Ben Jonson's comedy, Every Man in his 
 Humour, was played here, Douglas Jerrold taking Master Stephen j 
 Charles Dickens, Bobadil j Mark Lemon, Brainworm j John Forster, 
 Kitely j and John Leech, Master Matthew. 
 
 In 1854, T. H. Mowbray reopened the house as the 'Soho 
 Theatre,' and French plays were for the first time introduced for 
 the benefit of the large number of French residents in the neigh- 
 bourhood. The stage was occasionally occupied by amateur com- 
 panies. Miss Percy Knowles played in Hamlet, Lady Macbeth, 
 Richard III., and Rolla, and Miss Ellen Love was a frequent per- 
 former. 
 
 Mr. Kendall made his first appearance here on April 6th, 1861, 
 in A Life 3 Revenge. Miss Ellen Terry's name appears in some of 
 the playbills issued by the Caldwell management of 1861. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Burnand, Miss Oliver, and Mr. Danvers were 
 prominent figures upon this stage, under the successful management 
 which commenced in 1863, and here were produced Ixion, The 
 Flying Dutchman, Black-ey'd Susan, Crutch and Toothpick, and several 
 other popular and well-known plays. In more recent times, the New 
 Royalty Theatre has been chiefly famous for its French and German 
 pieces. 
 
 THE EMPIRE THEATRE. 
 
 The site now occupied by the Empire Theatre was formerly 
 covered by Saville House, the mansion of Sir George Saville. When 
 no longer used as a residence, it was devoted to exhibitions, &c. 
 Here Miss Linwood's collection of needlework pictures was placed on 
 view. In 1865, Saville House was destroyed by fire, and the under- 
 ground apartments, which escaped destruction, were afterwards used 
 as wine-shops. 
 
 The ground remained unbuilt upon for some years, and about the 
 year 1880 a panorama was constructed, which was not, however, a 
 success. The place was then remodelled, and thus arose the beauti-
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TA7ERNS, ETC. 187 
 
 fully appointed Empire Theatre of Varieties one of the most signal 
 of recent theatrical successes. 
 
 PUNCH'S THEATRE. 
 
 The great exhibitor of Punch, immortalised by Steele in the 
 Tatler and by Addison in the Spectator^ was the celebrated Mr. 
 Powell, whose first theatre in London was situated at the upper end 
 of St. Martin's Lane, adjoining Lichfield Street. 
 
 This showman, a deformed cripple, came from Bath, but very 
 little is known about his biography. From De Foe we learn that 
 with subscriptions and full houses he gained ten times as much wealth 
 as would have bought up all the poets in England, that he seldom, 
 went out without his chair, and throve so incredibly on the folly of 
 his auditors that, * were he a freeman, some future puppet-show 
 might celebrate his being Lord Mayor, as he had done in Dick 
 Whittington? 
 
 ' I saw Powell's famous puppet-show,' says Mrs. Delany, in her Auto- 
 biography* ' in which Punch fought with a pig in burlesque, in imitation of 
 Niccolini's battle with the lion [in Hydaspes]. My Lord Bolingbroke was 
 of the party, and made me sit upon his lap to see it. The rest of the com- 
 pany were my father [Col. Granville], my uncle Granville, Sir John 
 Stanley, Vice-Chamberlain Cooke, Mr. W. Collier, my mother, and Lady 
 Stanley and Mrs. Betty Granville.' 
 
 The Daily Courant, of January 27th, 1711, contains the following 
 announcement : 
 
 ' PUNCHES THEATRE, or Powell from the Bath, is removed from the End 
 of St. Martin's-lane to the 7 Stars in the Little Piazza, Covent Garden 
 (being a place both warmer and fitter to receive Persons of Quality, &c.). 
 This present Saturday, being the 27th of January, will be presented the 
 History of King Bladud, Founder of the Bath, the Figures being drest after 
 
 * Mary Granville, afterwards Mrs. Delany. Autobwpafhy, i., 16.
 
 188 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 the manner of the ancient Britons, with the Walks, Groves, and Representa- 
 tion of the King's Bath and new Pump-house. The Figures of Ladies and 
 Gentlemen all moving in real Water. Beginning exactly at 6 of the Clock.' 
 
 In July of the same year the old theatre was advertised to be 
 let. The Daily Courant of July gth, 1711, has the following 
 announcement : 
 
 ' Punch's Opera, with a very large piece of Ground and a Dwelling 
 House, at the upper end of St. Martin's Lane, joyning Lit chfi eld-street end, 
 fit for a Coachmaker, Soap-boyler, Carpenter's Yard, &c., to be let on a long 
 lease or otherwise. Enquire at Mr. Tho. Daniell's, at the Crown, near 
 the same place.' 
 
 THE SANS Souci THEATRE. 
 
 The Sans Souci Theatre was a house of some distinction in the 
 early part of the present century. It was built in the Strand, opposite 
 Beaufort Buildings, by Thomas Dibdin, the song-writer, and opened 
 February i6th, 1793. It was afterwards removed to Leicester Place, 
 and is now the ' Hotel de Paris et de 1'Europe.' The first theatre 
 was planned, painted, and decorated by Dibdin himself. 
 
 OLD TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 Many of the taverns and refreshment-houses of Soho have in- 
 teresting associations with the celebrities of bygone days. If space 
 permitted, a long chapter might easily be written upon this aspect of 
 Soho and its inhabitants ; but, since it does not, the following have 
 been selected for notice. The foreign element in the population 
 of the district is naturally reflected in the signs chosen for many of 
 the houses. 
 
 THE BLUE POSTS. 
 
 The c Blue Posts,' once a public-house in Dean Street, was for a 
 time the meeting-place of the celebrated club of artists who had
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 189 
 
 formerly met at the * Feathers ' Tavern, Leicester Place. It was 
 at the ' Blue Posts ' that the club dwindled down to two or three 
 members, viz., Edridge, the portrait draughtsman ; Alexander, of the 
 British Museum ; and Edmunds, the upholsterer, who had been 
 undertaker to the greater part of the club. 
 
 THE FEATHERS. 
 
 The l Feathers,' a public-house in Leicester Place, close by 
 Leicester Square, was the sign given as a compliment to Frederick, 
 Prince of Wales, son of George II., who lived at Leicester House, 
 called c the Pouting-place of Princes,' from the fact that he was at 
 that time on bad terms with his father. 
 
 The back parlour of this tavern was for many years the meeting- 
 place of a club of artists and well-known amateurs, including Stuart, 
 the Athenian traveller ; Scott, the marine painter ; Luke Sullivan, 
 the miniature artist, engraver of the c March to Finchley ;' Captain 
 Grose, author of the Antiquities of England and one of the greatest 
 wits of the time ; Hearne, the antiquary ; Nathaniel Smith, father of 
 John Thomas Smith ; John Ireland, then a watchmaker in Maiden 
 Lane and afterwards editor of Boydell's edition of Dr. Trusler's 
 Hogarth Moralised^ and many others. 
 
 When this house was taken down to make way for Dibdin's 
 theatre, called the Sans Souci, the club adjourned to the ' Coach and 
 Horses,' in Castle Street, Leicester Fields ; but, in consequence of 
 the members not being very profitable customers, the landlord one 
 evening ventured to let them out with a farthing candle, and they 
 betook themselves to Gerrard Street, and thence to the ' Blue Posts,' 
 in Dean Street, where the club, as has been mentioned, dwindled 
 to two or three members, and at last died out. 
 
 THE GENOA ARMS. 
 The * Genoa Arms,' Hayes Court, was a place of great resort
 
 1 90 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 for foreigners at the end of the eighteenth century. Count Verdion, 
 a teacher of languages (afterwards proved to be a woman), lived 
 at this house for many years. 
 
 THE HERCULES' PILLARS. 
 
 This singular sign has been given to a public-house at No. 7 
 Greek Street. Hercules' Pillars was the classic name for the Straits 
 of Gibraltar, which point was once supposed to be the utmost limit 
 of the world in that direction. There is another public-house with 
 this sign at Great Queen Street, and yet another once existed at 
 Hyde Park Corner. 
 
 THE INTREPID Fox. 
 
 Honest Sam House, who kept the public-house at the corner of 
 Peter Street and Wardour Street, the ' Intrepid Fox,' was an old 
 resident of Soho and remarkable for his oddities and for his political 
 zeal in behalf of the Whigs. During the celebrated Westminster 
 election of 1784, he kept open house at his own expense, and was 
 honoured with the company of many of the Whig aristocracy. An 
 early caricature, by Gilray, entitled 'Returning from Brooks's,' 
 represents the Prince of Wales in a state of considerable inebriety, 
 wearing the election cockade and supported by Fox and the patriotic 
 publican. The wit of the ministerial papers was often expended on 
 honest Sam. At the beginning of the election, when Fox seemed 
 to be in a hopeless minority, one of them inserted a paragraph stating 
 that the publican had committed suicide in despair. He is said to 
 have been a very successful canvasser in the course of the election. 
 
 * See the brave Sammy House, he's as still as a mouse, 
 
 And does canvass with prudence so clever; 
 See what shoals with him flock, to poll for brave Fox, 
 Give thanks to Sam House, for ever, for ever, for ever ! 
 Give thanks to Sam House, boys, for ever !
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 191 
 
 ' Brave bald-headed Sam, all must own is the man, 
 
 Who does canvass for brave Fox so clever ; 
 His aversion, I say, is to small beer and Wraj ! 
 
 May his bald head be honour'd for ever, for ever, for ever ! 
 May his bald head be honour'd for ever ! ' 
 
 But the most active and successful of Fox's canvassers was the 
 beautiful and accomplished Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of Devonshire. 
 Attended by several other of the beauties of the Whig aristocracy, she 
 was almost daily present at the election, wearing Fox's cockade, and 
 she went about personally soliciting votes, which she obtained in 
 great numbers by the influence of her personal charms and by her 
 affability. The Tories were greatly annoyed at her Ladyship's pro- 
 ceedings ; they accused her of wholesale bribery, and it was currently 
 reported that she had in one instance bought the vote of a butcher 
 with a kiss, an incident which was immediately exhibited to the 
 people's eyes in multitudes of pictures, with more or less of exaggera- 
 tion. But nothing could be more disgraceful than the profusion of 
 scandalous and indecent abuse which was heaped upon this noble lady 
 by the ministerial press, especially by its two great organs, the Morning 
 Post and the Advertiser. The insult in some cases was merely coarse, 
 such as the following from the Morning Post : ' The Duchess of 
 Devonshire yesterday canvassed the different alehouses of West- 
 minster in favour of Mr. Fox ; about one o'clock she took her 
 share of a pot of porter at Sam House's in Wardour Street.' 
 
 The same paper makes her write to the candidate : c Yesterday I 
 sent you three votes, but went through great fatigue to secure them ; 
 it cost me ten kisses for every plumper. I am much afraid we are done 
 up. Will see you at the porter-shop and consult about ways and 
 means.' All this is, of course, much exaggerated ; but it is certain 
 her Grace was a frequent visitor at the sign of the ' Intrepid Fox.' 
 
 The portrait of Sam House occurs in many caricatures of the 
 time. He was remarkable for his clean and perfectly bald head, over 
 which he never wore hat or wig. His unvaried dress consisted of
 
 192 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 nankeen jacket and breeches, brightly polished shoes and buckles, 
 and he had his waistcoat open in all seasons, and wore remarkably 
 white linen. His legs were generally bare ; but, when clad, stock- 
 ings of the finest quality of silk were worn. 
 
 JACK'S COFFEE HOUSE. 
 
 Jack's Coffee House, at the corner of Queen Street and Dean 
 Street (afterwards Walker's Hotel), was so called after John 
 Roberts, one of the singers at Garrick's, Drury Lane. 
 
 'This was that once-famous Jack's, patronised by Garrick and his 
 friends, which, in all but the life that departed from it when they departed, 
 to this day exists unchanged, quite unvexed by disturbance or improvement, 
 haunted by the ghosts of guests that are gone, but not much visited by guests 
 that live, a venerable relic of the still life of Goldsmith's age, possessed by 
 an owner who is venerable as itself, and whose memory, faithful to the 
 past, now lives together with the shades that inhabit there. Of many 
 pleasant " tete-a-tete suppers " this was the scene ; and here Goldsmith 
 would seem boldly to have perpetrated very ancient sallies of wit, to half- 
 grumbling, half-laughing accompaniment from Johnson. " Sir," said the 
 sage one night, as they supped off rumps and kidneys, " these rumps are 
 pretty little things ; but then a man must eat a great many of them before 
 he fills his belly." "Aye, but how many of them," asked Goldsmith, 
 innocently, "would reach to the moon?" "To the moon!" laughed 
 Johnson. "Aye, Goldy, I fear that exceeds your calculation." "Not at 
 all, sir," says Goldsmith ; " I think I could tell." " Pray then, sir," says the 
 other, " let us hear." " Why " and here Goldsmith instinctively, no doubt, 
 got as far from Johnson as he could "one, if it were long enough." 
 " Well, sir, I have deserved it," growled the philosopher ; " I should not 
 have provoked so foolish an answer by so foolish a question.'" 
 
 Since John Forster wrote this passage in 1848, old Walker has 
 been called to his account ; the hotel is no longer, and the house 
 was subsequently occupied by Dr. Rogers, the surgeon.
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAPERNS, ETC. 193 
 
 A fracas at this tavern is thus related in John Taylor's 
 Records : 
 
 ' A Mr. Fazakerly was one evening, in company with Mr. Jesse Foot 
 and other gentlemen, in a box at Jack's Coffee-house in Dean-street, Soho, 
 contiguous to Mr. Foot's residence. Mr. Fazakerly introduced the subject 
 of Mr. Murphy, and spoke contemptuously of his talents. Mr. Foot 
 warmly advocated his friend as a scholar and able dramatic writer. The 
 controversy produced high words, and Mr. Foot left the box, but as he 
 was going, Mr. Fazakerly mode use of some opprobrious epithet. Mr. 
 Foot suddenly stopped, and asked him if he applied the word to him or to 
 Mr. Murphy. Mr. Fazakerly answered equivocally, and Mr. Foot then 
 retorted some opprobrious epithet on him ; Mr. Fazakerly immediately left 
 the box, and a scuffle ensued, in which Mr. Foot knocked him down and 
 kept him on the ground, saying, " I am a professional man and do not 
 choose to be disfigured ; I therefore will not let you get up unless you 
 promise not to strike me, but to end the quarrel in a more gentlemanly 
 manner." Mr. Fazakerly made the promise, then arose and returned to his 
 box. Mr. Foot went to his house in the same street, and expecting a 
 hostile message the next day was prepared to receive it, and immediately 
 requested a gentleman named Leigh to be his second. A full week, how- 
 ever, passed before Mr. Foot heard from his opponent, but then received a 
 challenge. He consulted some friends, among others a military officer, and 
 they all agreed that as Mr. Foot had been kept so many days in suspense, 
 he had a right to refuse a challenge which had been so long withheld. 
 This opinion of his friends he conveyed to his adversary, of whom he 
 heard no more, but that he had gone into the country, and finding the 
 story had reached the neighbourhood, and made an impression unfavourable 
 to him, had sunk into dejection, and after a few days, during which his de- 
 pression increased, had died suddenly. Such was the report. Mr. Foot 
 always spoke of him with respect and regret as a learned, intelligent, and 
 worthy man, and appeared deeply to lament the unhappy difference that 
 took place between them.'* 
 
 THE PALATINE'S HEAD. 
 The * Palatine's Head ' is mentioned as the sign of an inn near 
 
 * Recordt of my Life, i. 203.
 
 i 9 4 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 the French Change^ in Moor Street, Soho. It was so named in 
 honour of the Elector Palatine, who married the daughter of James I. 
 
 THE ROSE AND CROWN. 
 
 The c Rose and Crown/ Crown Street, now No. 119 Charing 
 Cross Road, is probably the house which gave Crown Street its 
 name. The frequency of the rose as a vintner's sign had its origin 
 in the adoption of the red rose of Lancaster or the white rose of 
 York by the several adherents of those factions. The union of the 
 two rival houses ended the feud, and the Tudor rose, half red and 
 half white, surmounted by the crown, became the royal badge. 
 This was the * rose and crown ' which we so often see as a sign of 
 public-houses. 
 
 There is another public-house in Soho with the same sign at 
 85 Dean Street. 
 
 THE TURK'S HEAD. 
 
 The house No. 9 Gerrard Street, now the Westminster General 
 Dispensary, was formerly the * Turk's Head Tavern,' celebrated in 
 the latter half of the last century as the great rendezvous for artists 
 and literary men. It was their headquarters for transacting business, 
 as well as a resort for passing their social hours. One of the earliest 
 attempts to form an academy of painting took its rise at this house, 
 as appears from the following document, dated October 23rd, 1753 : 
 
 ' There is a scheme on foot for creating a public academy for the im- 
 provement of painting, sculpture, and architecture, and it is thought 
 necessary to have a certain number of professors, with proper authority, in 
 order to making regulations, taking subscriptions, &c., erecting a building, 
 instructing the students, and concerting all such measures as shall be after- 
 wards thought necessary. Your company is desired at the Turk's Head, in 
 Gerard Street, Soho, on the 1 3th November, at five in the evening, to 
 proceed to the election of thirteen painters, three sculptors, one chaser, two 
 engravers, and two architects, in all twenty-four, for the purposes aforesaid. 
 ' (Signed) FRANCIS MILNER NEWTON, Secretary!
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TA TERNS, ETC. 195 
 
 The names proposed were the following : 
 
 Francis Hayman, Chairman. 
 George Michael Moser. 
 Louis Francis Roubiliac. 
 Thomas Hudson. 
 George Lambert. 
 Samuel Scot. 
 Robert Strange. 
 John Shackleton, Esq. 
 William Hoare. 
 Charles Grignion. 
 John Ellys, Esq. 
 Henry Cheere, Esq. 
 Isaac Ware. 
 
 Richard Dal ton. 
 
 James Payne. 
 
 Joshua Reynolds. 
 
 Samuel Wale. 
 
 Gavin Hamilton. 
 
 John Gwyn. 
 
 Thomas Sandby. 
 
 Richard Yeo. 
 
 Thomas Carter. 
 
 John Astley. 
 
 John Pine. 
 
 F. M. Newton, Secretary. 
 
 The meeting took place, but the project failed. Its defeated 
 projectors fell back among their fellow-artists, probably with little 
 advantage to the harmony of the whole body, since caricaturists 
 made them the subjects of satirical prints. 
 
 ' The Club,' or c the Literary ClubJ held, for many years after 
 its foundation in 1764, their meetings at this house. Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds had the merit of being the first proposer of the club, to 
 which Johnson acceded. 
 
 The original members were Sir Joshua Reynolds, Dr. Johnson, 
 Edmund Burke, Dr. Nugent, Topham Beauclerk, Mr. Langton, 
 Dr. Goldsmith, Mr. Chamier, and Sir John Hawkins. They met 
 one evening in each week at seven, and generally continued the 
 conversation till a late hour. The evenings which Dr. Johnson 
 spent in this society seem to have been among the happiest of his 
 life. 
 
 Boswell says : 
 
 'This club has been gradually increased to its present [1791] number, 
 thirty-five. After about ten years, instead of supping weekly, it was 
 resolved to dine together once a fortnight during the meeting of Parliament.
 
 196 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 
 
 Their original tavern having been converted into a private house, they 
 moved first to Prince's in Sackville-street, then to Le Telier's in Dover- 
 street, and now meet at Parsloe's, St. James's-street. Between the time of 
 its formation and the time at which this work is passing through the press 
 (June, 1792), the following persons, now dead, were members of it : Mr. 
 Dunning (afterwards Lord Ashburton), Mr. Samuel Dyer, Mr. Garrick, Dr. 
 Shipley (Bishop of St. Asaph), Mr. Vesey, Mr. Thomas Warton, and Dr. 
 Adam Smith. The present members are Mr. Burke, Mr. Langton, Lord 
 Charlemont, Sir Robert Chambers, Dr. Percy (Bishop of Dromore), Dr. 
 Barnard (Bishop of Killaloe), Dr. Marley (Bishop of Clonfert), Mr. Fox, 
 Dr. George Fordyce, Sir William Scott, Sir Joseph Banks, Sir Charles 
 Banbury, Mr. Windham of Norfolk, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Gibbon, Sir William 
 Jones, Mr. Colman, Mr. Steevens, Dr. Burney, Dr. Joseph Warton, Mr. 
 Malone, Lord Ossory, Lord Spencer, Lord Lucan, Lord Palmerston, Lord 
 Eliot, Lord Macartney, Mr. Richard Burke, junior, Sir William Hamilton, 
 Dr. Warren, Mr. Courtenay, Dr. Hinchliffe (Bishop of Peterborough), the 
 Duke of Leeds, Dr. Douglas (Bishop of Salisbury), and the writer of this 
 account.' 
 
 The club meetings were not latterly so pleasant as in the palmy 
 days of Johnson. The gilded saloon of St. James's was but a poor 
 substitute for the wainscotted parlour of the l Turk's Head.' 
 
 Dr. Burney, writing to his daughter Fanny, January 3ist, 1793, 
 gives us a picture of one of these meetings : 
 
 ' At the club, on Tuesday, the fullest I ever knew, consisting of fifteen 
 members, fourteen seemed all of one mind, and full of reflections on the 
 late transaction in France ; but, when about half the company was 
 assembled, who should come in but Charles Fox ! There were already 
 three or four Bishops arrived, hardly one of whom could look at him, I 
 believe, without horror. After the first bow and cold salutation, the con- 
 versation stood still for several minutes. During dinner Mr. Windham and 
 Burke, jun., came in, who were obliged to sit at a side-table. All were 
 boutonnes, and not a word of the martyred King or politics of any kind was 
 mentioned ; and though the company was chiefly composed of the most 
 eloquent and loquacious men in the kingdom, the conversation was the 
 dullest and most uninteresting I ever remember at this or any such large
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TA TERNS, ETC. 197 
 
 meeting. Mr. Windham and Fox, civil young Burke and he never spoke. 
 
 The Bishop of Peterborough as sulky as the d 1 ; the Bishop of 
 
 Salisbury, more a man of the world, very cheerful ; the Bishop of Dromore 
 frightened as much as a barn-door fowl at the sight of a fox ; Bishop 
 Marlow preserved his usual pleasant countenance ; Steevens in the chair ; 
 the Duke of Leeds on his right, and Fox on his left, said not a word. 
 Lords Ossory and Lucan, formerly much attached, seemed silent and 
 sulky.'* 
 
 Harry Angelo (or rather W. H. Pyne, for he was the real 
 author of Angelo's Reminiscences) draws a capital picture of a scene 
 that once took place at the ' Turk's Head.' Speaking of John 
 Hamilton Mortimer, an artist who, but for his own thoughtlessness, 
 would have risen to the highest rank, he says : 
 
 ' He, and a knot of worthies, principally " Sons of St. Luke," or 
 the children of Thespis, and mostly i votaries of Bacchus, met at the 
 Turk's Head in Gerard-street. Here, one evening, he happened to be 
 sitting in the common coffee-room, wherein were a mixed company, taking 
 their punch and smoking, the prevailing custom of the time. Theophilus 
 Forrest, an honest lawyer and amateur artist, well known to all the coterie 
 at the Turk's Head, both above and below stairs, happening to drop in, the 
 landlord, Swinden, a worthy German, handed him a petition, from the 
 widow of a journeyman coach painter, who had lately died suddenly, in 
 Long-Acre, and had left her and several children totally destitute Forrest 
 took the petition into the public parlour, entered his subscription, five 
 shillings, and pinned it over the chimney-piece, that it might be seen by 
 the guests, saying, " I shall open a book here," placing his pocket-book 
 upon the table, l( and be the widow's clerk, till twelve, when, gentlemen, 
 by your leave we will close the account." 
 
 Several of the company entered their names for crowns, half-crowns, 
 and shillings. 
 
 ' Mortimer was seated under a brass sconce, reading the St. James's 
 Chronicle, when, calling for pen and ink, he began to sketch groups of 
 monsters, heads, caricature figures, and grotesques, upon the margin. It is 
 
 * Diary and Letters of Madame D'^rMay, vol. v., p. 328, 1854 edit
 
 198 INSTITUTIONS, TA PERNS, ETC. 
 
 well known that he drew not only with greater rapidity, but with greater 
 spirit and grace, than any one, not excepting, perhaps, even Guercino himself. 
 Hence, an hour at least before the time appointed, he had entirely filled the 
 whole of the blank of the four pages. 
 
 ' " What are you about, Mortimer ? " inquired one. " What an in- 
 dustrious fit, Hamilton ! ' exclaimed another ; but he proceeded nevertheless,, 
 nor would he allow any one to look at his performance until his task was 
 done ; when getting upon the table, and spreading his work to view, he 
 began, in imitation of Cook, the celebrated auctioneer: "This lot, 
 gentlemen, this matchless lot, this unique effort of art, the property of a 
 great amateur of wine and venison and a renowned connoisseur in 
 tobacco and punch, is offered to the notice of the cognos. It is to be dis- 
 posed of without reserve. Come, gentlemen, shall I say ten pounds five 
 one pound, gentlemen yea, even five shillings anything for a 
 beginning ? " 
 
 * " / offare von guinea, mine friend Mortimare," said Zoffany, who- 
 happened to be in the next box. " Thank you, sir," returned Mortimer, 
 with a forgiving smile. " Charity covereth a multitude of sins." " Guinea 
 and half," said another. " Two guineas," said Zoffany. " Give me 
 your hand!" cried Mortimer. "Pon mine soul 'tis dreadiful," added 
 Zoffany. " Two and a half," said Caleb Whiteford ; and so the worthies^ 
 with that generous competition which is so catching in glorious old 
 England, when the object is charity, pushed it on, until the lot was knocked 
 down for five guineas, to some good soul, whose name I regret to say, I 
 cannot record.' 
 
 It is needless to add a good round sum was carried to the widow's 
 credit. 
 
 The late eccentric Mr. John Taylor, who left us the very 
 pleasant volumes of Recollections, had a gossiping friend, one William 
 Donaldson, who related to him an extraordinary story about this 
 locality, which, according to all report, did not at one time bear the 
 best of characters. 
 
 A gentleman came up from the country to attend to his duties as 
 a Member of Parliament. 
 
 ' In order to be near the House of Commons, he took apartments in
 
 INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, ETC. 199 
 
 St. Anne's Church-yard, Soho. On the evening when he took possession, 
 he was struck with something that appeared to him mysterious in the manner 
 of the maid-servant, who looked like a man disguised ; and he felt a very 
 unpleasant emotion. This feeling was strengthened by a similar deportment 
 in the mistress of the house, who soon after entered his room, and asked him 
 if he wanted anything before he retired to rest : disliking her manner, he 
 soon dismissed her and went to bed, but the disagreeable impression made on 
 his mind by the maid and mistress kept him long awake ; at length, how- 
 ever, he fell asleep. During his sleep he dreamed that the corpse of a 
 gentleman, who had been murdered, was deposited in the cellar of the 
 house. This dream co-operating with the unfavourable, or rather repulsive 
 countenances and demeanour of the two women, precluded all hopes of 
 renewed sleep, and it being the summer season, he arose about five o'clock 
 in the morning, took his hat, and resolved to quit a house of such alarm and 
 terror. To his surprise, as he was leaving it, he met the mistress in the 
 entry, dressed, as if she had never gone to bed. She seemed to be much 
 agitated, and inquired his reason for wishing to go out so early in the 
 morning. He hesitated a moment with increased alarm, and then told her 
 that he expected a friend, who was to arrive by a stage in Bishopsgate- 
 street, and that he was going to meet him. He was suffered to go out of 
 the house, and when revived by the open air, he felt, as he afterwards 
 declared, as if relieved from impending destruction. He stated that in a few 
 hours after, he returned with a friend to whom he had told his dream, and 
 the impression made on him by the maid and the mistress : he, however, 
 only laughed at him for his superstitious terrors, but on entering tne nouse, 
 they found that it was deserted, and calling in a gentleman who was acci- 
 dentally passing, they all descended to the cellar, and actually found a corpse 
 in the state which the gentleman's dream had represented.' 
 
 THE Two CHAI&MEN. 
 
 This curious sign of a public-house in Wardour Street is an 
 interesting survival of bygone times. It was doubtless given at 
 the period when Sedan chairs where the means of conveyance often 
 used by the fashionable inhabitants of Soho.
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 
 
 Foreigners in Soho The Watch Interesting Adver- 
 tisements^ &c. 
 
 FOREIGNERS IN SOHO. 
 
 ONE of the most remarkable features in connection with the 
 inhabitants of Soho is the large proportion of foreigners 
 who have been present from the earliest period of its history. 
 
 A writer in a well-known London newspaper a little more than 
 twenty-three years ago says : 
 
 ' Let him who wishes to compile the most picturesque, the most moving, 
 the most miserable of narratives, sit down and write the History of Soho, 
 and of the foreign exiles to whom, for so many years past, the dingy district 
 has afforded a listless and cheerless asylum. Volumes upon volumes might 
 be penned on the sufferings endured by those strangers within our gates, on 
 the squalor and the semi-starvation which are chronic in our tents of Kedar. 
 A teeming wealth of material would lie ready to the historian's hand, since, 
 long prior to the outbreak of the First Revolution, Soho had its sprinkling 
 of proscribed aliens. Does not " Theodore, King of Corsica," sleep in the 
 shabby churchyard of St. Anne's, Soho ? Did not Mirabeau, in the 
 extremest penury, toil at hackwork for the booksellers in Macclesfield 
 Street ? And, besides the turbulent Riquetti, how many French gazetteers 
 and poets were there under the old Monarchy who were glad to exchange a 
 dungeon in the Bastille for a garret in Soho ?' 
 
 There have been three main waves of French colonisation.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 201 
 
 The first occurred in 1685, when a large number of Huguenots fled 
 to Soho after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The second 
 period occurred after the Reign of Terror. The third was in the 
 year 1871, when many Communists, who escaped from Paris, sought 
 refuge in Soho. 
 
 The present Rector of St. Anne's, Soho, estimates that French 
 and Italians form about one-fourth part of the population of his 
 parish, whilst there are also a considerable number of Jews, Swiss, 
 Germans, and Scandinavians. 
 
 A Greek colony was founded in Soho between the years 1670 
 and 1680, and the Greek church (now St. Mary's) was erected as 
 a place of worship for them. 
 
 Foreign refugees from nearly every part of Europe have settled 
 in Soho. At a meeting of the London City Mission upon one occa- 
 sion at Soho, there were present no less than ten Italians who had 
 been condemned to death for political offences. Republican and 
 Monarchist, Orleanist and Imperialist, Communist and Italian Revo- 
 lutionist, have all at various times taken up their temporary abode in 
 this quarter when obliged to flee from their own country. 
 
 This aspect of Soho has, indeed, been immortalised by Dickens in 
 his Tale of Two Cities. Here it was, in a quiet corner of Soho, that 
 Dr. Manette's house was situated, and here it was that Sydney 
 Carton hopelessly watched the love of Charles Darnay and Lucille 
 Manette in the years before the great French Revolution. 
 
 The places of worship in this neighbourhood bear eloquent 
 testimony to its long-established foreign character. As early as 
 1672 a chapel was built in Orange Street by the English Govern- 
 ment for the benefit of French refugees. In 1689 a chapel was 
 opened in Wardour Street by the escaped Huguenots. There was 
 also a French Ambassador's chapel in Soho Square in 1690. Dean 
 Street, Berwick Street, Crown Street, and Newport Market each 
 possessed its own Huguenot chapel. These are more particularly 
 described in another part of this volume, but the mere mention of
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 
 
 them is sufficient to indicate pretty clearly the large proportion of 
 foreign, and especially French, refugees who made Soho their home. 
 
 THE WATCH. 
 
 The parish of St. Anne, in common with other adjoining districts, 
 had its regular system of watchmen, who perambulated the streets at 
 night, proclaimed the state of the weather and the hour by the clock, 
 and were supposed at least to keep something like general order 
 among the inhabitants. They were employed under the direction of 
 the Parish Beadles, four of whom were attached to the parish, 
 two to each of the two wards into which its area was divided. 
 
 The Night Watch of London, instituted in the middle of the 
 thirteenth century, seems to have been founded chiefly for the 
 announcement of the hour before the introduction of public clocks, 
 but from time to time various other duties were added. Thus, we 
 find, by a proclamation issued by Lord Mayor Barber in 1732, that 
 the Court of Common Council required the several Aldermen * to 
 call before them the several Constables and Beadles within their 
 respective Wards, and to give them strictly in Charge, that if they 
 or any of them shall find any poor Vagrant Child, or Children, or 
 others, lurking in the Publick Streets of this City in the Night-time, 
 that they immediately apprehend such, and secure him, her, or them 
 in their Watch-house, or some other convenient Place, until they 
 convey them before some Justice of the Peace,' &c. 
 
 The duties of the Beadles, Constables, and Watchmen were more 
 fully and particularly defined in a proclamation issued by Lord Mayor 
 Beckford in 1763. From this it appears that 'no Beadle shall be 
 allowed to act for Hire, as a Deputy Constable, but that every 
 Beadle shall be admitted and sworn as an Extra Constable, in order 
 the better to enable him to discharge the Duties of the said Office, 
 and that the Watchmen's Stands in every Ward, where it is prac- 
 ticable, shall be so placed that each Watchman may be able to call
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 203 
 
 to the next Stand for Assistance, whenever there shall be Occasion.' 
 It was also ordered ' that the Beadle of every Ward shall set the 
 Watch, and see that the Number of Watchmen is compleat,' &c. 
 The Beadles were also required to see that the Constables of the 
 Night and the Watchmen were constantly on duty for the specified 
 number of hours, and that for this purpose they should at uncertain 
 hours four times a week visit the Watch-house and Watchmen at 
 their Stands, and that they should report any irregularities to the 
 Alderman or Deputy of the Ward. 
 
 From a copy of Rules, Regulations^ and Duty of Patroles and 
 Watchmen for the parish of St. Anne, 1791, it appears c that each 
 Watchman have a Stand or Beat, and that he be provided with a 
 White Great Coat, a Cap, and Hood to be painted white, with 
 an Inscription of the Words " St. Anne's Watch " written in black 
 letters, both on the Coat and Cap, and numbered regularly.' The 
 Watchmen were required to call aloud the time every quarter of an 
 hour ; if any house was broken open, the Watchman on that beat 
 was liable to be instantly discharged, unless the Committee were of 
 opinion that it was not through his neglect; the Christmas-boxes 
 were to be collected in each division of the parish by the Patrols 
 and Watchmen together, and afterwards to be shared equally ; good 
 lights in lanterns were to be always kept in readiness at the Watch- 
 house from the time of the setting of the Watch, in order that the 
 Beadle of the night might, upon hearing the rattle, repair to the 
 place where wanted without delay. The wages of the Watchmen 
 varied from one shilling and twopence to one shilling and sixpence a 
 night, according to the time of the year. 
 
 A number of other regulations are precisely laid down, but they 
 are too numerous to mention fully. An interesting foot-note to 
 these Rules reads : c N.B. From and after Michaelmas Day next, 
 each Lamp will be furnished with large Burners, and will contain 
 Sixteen Threads of the best Cotton, instead of Twelve, the present 
 Quality.'
 
 ^504 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 
 
 In the course of time, as the population of Soho increased in 
 numbers and deteriorated in social quality, a ' number of idle, dis- 
 orderly, and dangerous persons ' were 'constantly wandering about 
 the streets,' and a subscription list was accordingly opened by several 
 of the principal inhabitants towards defraying the expense of em- 
 ploying c a certain Number of able-bodied Men to patrole the Streets 
 from the Time it becomes dark, until the Setting of the Watch.' This 
 list, which was opened on the 3rd of November, 1791, was liberally 
 supported, and the sum of 1327. i6s. 6d. was raised in this way. 
 The names mentioned in the list are of so much local interest that 
 it has been thought desirable to print them at the end of this 
 volume. (Appendix B.) 
 
 In connection with this subscription the following notice, printed 
 on small cards, was apparently distributed from house to house 
 throughout the parish : 
 
 ' SAINT ANNE, WESTMINSTER. 
 
 The Gentlemen appointed to collect the Subscriptions to employ a certain 
 Number of able-bodied Men to patrole the Streets 
 
 Before the Watch is set, 
 have taken the Liberty of calling on you for your Subscription in Aid 
 
 thereof. 
 
 Your Answer will be thankfully received at either of the Churchwardens, 
 or at Mr. West's in King Street.' 
 
 In 1793 seventeen ' able-bodied men' were employed to keep 
 watch in the streets before the setting of the regular watch. They 
 were furnished with a great-coat, rattle, and staff, and were num- 
 bered according to their respective beats or wards. The watchmen 
 so employed were paid one shilling a night, and the patrols were paid 
 one shilling and sixpence. There were also four supernumeraries, 
 who were each paid threepence on those nights when they were not 
 on duty. 
 
 The following is a copy of the various beats to be perambulated 
 by the early watch in 1 793 :
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 205 
 
 SAINT ANNE, WESTMINSTER. 
 Beats appointed for the Early Watch. 
 
 1. Oxford Street, from Hog Lane to Wardour Street, taking in Leg Court, 
 
 Charles Street, and Allen's Court. 
 
 2. Great Chapel Street, Hollen Street, King's Square Court, and from the 
 
 corner thereof up Dean Street to Oxford Street, taking in Crown 
 Court and Titchfield Street. 
 
 3. Wardour Street to Meard's Court, with Meard's Court, taking in Ship 
 
 Yard, Swan Alley, and St. Anne's Court, as far as the Bull, and 
 Little Chapel Street. 
 
 4. Soho Square, Sutton Street, Falconberg Court, Carlisle Street, and 
 
 Bateman's Buildings. 
 
 5. Greek Street, Queen Street, Compton Street, and Church Street, each 
 
 to Frith Street. 
 
 6. Frith Street, Queen Street, Compton Street, and Church Street, each 
 
 from Frith Street to Dean Street. 
 
 7. Dean Street, from Carlisle Street to Compton Street, Milk Alley, as 
 
 far as the Stables, Meard's Street, Richmond Buildings, and Saint 
 Anne's Court, as far as the Bull. 
 
 8. Hog Lane, Rose Street, Compton Street, and Moor Street, from Hog 
 
 Lane to Greek Street, taking in Star Court. 
 
 9. King Street, from Macclesfield Street, taking in Hayes Court, and 
 
 Litchfield Street to Grafton Street, and the south side of Moor 
 Street. 
 
 10. Gerrard Street, taking in Macclesfield Street, and Nassau Street, and 
 
 Little Newport Street, to Ryder's Court, with New Lisle Street 
 to Leicester Place. 
 
 11. Litchfield Street, from the Cock, Grafton Street, West Street, and the 
 
 west side of Little St. Martin's Lane. 
 
 12. Great Newport Street, Castle Street, to Cranbourn Street, Cranbourn 
 
 Passage, Little Newport Street, to Ryder's Court, taking in Earl's 
 Court. 
 
 1 3. Newport Alley, Porter Street, Princes Court, and Newport Market, 
 
 with Market Street. 
 
 14. Cranbourn Street, Cranbourn Alley, Ryder's Court, north side of 
 
 Leicester Fields, Bear Street, and Castle Street, to Cranbourn Street.
 
 206 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 
 
 15. Leicester Fields, west side, Spur Street, Whitcomb Street, Sidney's 
 
 Alley, Princes Street to Lisle Street, with Lisle Street and Leicester 
 Street. 
 
 1 6. Princes Street from Lisle Street, taking in George Yard, with Wardour 
 
 Street to Meard's Court, and Milk Alley as far as the Stables. 
 
 17. Compton Street from Princes Street to Dean Street, along Dean Street 
 
 to King Street, and King Street westward to Princes Street. 
 
 From a copy of Rules and Regulations to be observed by the 
 Beadles of the Parish of St. Anne, Westminster, Printed in the Tear 
 MDCCXCIV.^ we find that two beadles were c specially directed to 
 look after each ward, and to walk about the same during all the 
 hours of the day/ The following were some of their duties set 
 forth in detail : 
 
 ' That upon the breaking out of any fire they shall immediately repair 
 thereto (having on their laced hats) and be aiding and assisting as well in 
 extinguishing the fire, and causing the people to work at the engines, as 
 
 also in preventing goods being stolen ' ' That they shall report to 
 
 the Chairman of the Watch Committee, the names and places of abode of 
 all persons who shall make, sell, utter or expose to sale any squibs, serpents, 
 or other fireworks, as well as of all those who shall permit or suffer any 
 such fireworks to be cast, thrown, or fired from any house or lodging, or in 
 
 any street or highway ' ' That they shall seize and apprehend any 
 
 carter, drayman, waggoner, or other drivers, who may be seen riding upon 
 
 their carriages, not having some person on foot to guide the same ' 
 
 That they shall return to the Magistrates the names and places of abode of 
 all persons who shall obstruct the streets with empty pipes, buts, barrels, 
 
 casks, carts, carriages, drays, or other carriages ' ' That if any sort 
 
 or kind of swine are bred, fed, or kept within any part of the houses or 
 backsides of the paved streets .... they shall inform the Vestry Clerk of 
 
 the same ' 'That they shall seize .... any person who shall 
 
 .... drive any horse, ass, or other cattle upon any foot pavements within 
 this parish, and immediately convey all such offenders before a magistrate.' 
 ' That they shall apprehend all common beggars and other disorderly 
 persons whom they shall find offending in the public streets in the day-time. 
 . . . .' ' That they do attend at the Church every Sunday morning and
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 207 
 
 afternoon, a Quarter of an hour before the service begins. That two of 
 
 them do attend at the Church every Sunday evening ' ' That one 
 
 of the Beadles in rotation shall be at the Watch-house on every night, half 
 an hour before the time of setting the watch, to see that the Constable set 
 the Watchmen in due time, and that they are provided with a great coat, 
 staff and rattle, or such other accommodations as now are or shall here- 
 after be allowed ' ' That if the Beadle .... after the hour of 
 
 twelve in the night, observe any hackney-coach standing, as if in waiting, 
 before the door of any inhabitant, he shall immediately knock at such door, 
 and enquire whether the coach be in waiting, in order to prevent any 
 robbery being committed by such means.' ' And finally, that if any, or 
 either of the Beadles do receive or accept any reward or gratuity for acting 
 contrary to these rules and regulations .... the Beadle so offending .... 
 shall be liable to be dismissed from his office.' 
 
 Flaxman, the celebrated sculptor, during his residence at No. 27 
 Wardour Street, was chosen by the parish of St. Anne as one of the 
 collectors of the Watch-rate, and Mr. J. T. Smith mentions he has 
 often seen him, * with an ink-bottle in his button-hole, collecting the 
 rate.' 
 
 The old Watch was discontinued, and a new Police (on duty day 
 and night) took its place on September 2Qth, 1829. 
 
 The Watch-house of St. Anne's Parish still remains close by 
 the church. It bears the following inscription : 
 
 'ST. 
 
 ANNE'S 
 
 WATCH-HOUSE 
 
 ERECTED 
 
 A-D 
 M.DCCC.I.' 
 
 INTERESTING ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 On November yth, 1768, the following advertisement appeared 
 relating to Carlini, the sculptor:
 
 208 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS. 
 
 ' Agustin Carlini, Italian statuary, having finished a wax-model of an. 
 equestrian statue of His Most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, 
 has opened a subscription for publishing the same in plaister of Paris. The 
 said equestrian statue is two feet six inches high, clear of the pedestal, and is 
 to be cast under the author's eyes, and repaired by himself. Subscription, 
 Six giyneas : half to be paid on subscribing, the other half on the delivery 
 of the statue. Subscriptions taken at the author's in Dean-street, St. Ann's,. 
 Soho, next door but one to the tinman's at the corner of Compton-street (the 
 name on the door) ; where proper receipts are delivered to the subscribers, 
 and the model is to be seen every day (Sunday excepted) from ten o'clock in> 
 the morning till three in the afternoon.' 
 
 ' Mr. Roustan, Minister of the Swiss Chapel, begs leave to acquaint the 
 Public that he proposes to print in French, by way of subscription, an 
 abridged history of the Ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, Hebrews, Phcenecians, 
 Medes, Persians, Greeks, Carthaginians, and Romans, from the rise of the 
 nations after the Flood to the battle of Actium : The work to be in 3 vols. 
 izmo. of 300 or 350 pages each, printed on fine paper and character ; the 
 printing to begin as soon as 300 subscriptions are received, and one half of 
 that number is already gotten ; 500 copies only are to be drawn ; the sub- 
 scription is half a guinea, half of which is to be paid on subscribing, and 
 the remainder on the delivery of the work. Subscriptions are taken in at 
 Mr. Vuilliamy's in Pall-mall, next door but one to Marlborough House ; 
 at Mr. Mennet's, No. 5 1 Old Bond Street ; and at Mr. Roustan's, No. 6 
 in Richmond Buildings, Dean-street, Soho. N.B. If this work meets the 
 hoped-for success, the author intends to give the sequel of it to the 6ind 
 year of this century.' (August 14, 1776.) 
 
 SIR CHARLES BELL. 
 
 This eminent physician, whose name was accidentally omitted 
 in the earlier part of the volume, was for some years one of the 
 distinguished inhabitants of Soho. His house was situated on the 
 west side of Soho Square.
 
 20 9 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 Index of Persons commemorated on the Monument s, 'Tablets, 
 
 and Headstones in the Church and Churchyard of 
 
 St. Anne, So ho. 
 
 The following alphabetical index of persons commemorated on 
 the monuments, tablets, and headstones in St. Anne's Church and 
 Churchyard has been compiled from the manuscript copies of the 
 inscriptions, contained in two volumes, which are kept among the 
 records in the church vestry. Thanks are due to the clergy of 
 St. Anne's for courteous permission to consult those volumes. 
 
 The date given is that of the death of the person mentioned and 
 the pages referred to are those of the volumes wherein one may find 
 a copy of the inscription as far as possible in full. Words, letters, 
 and dates printed in italics are probably correct, but as there is some 
 doubt about their accuracy they cannot be relied upon. 
 
 1838 . 
 Mary 
 
 Ann. 
 
 Aird, Henri. 
 Theresa 
 
 1833 
 
 Allen, Ellen (Miss). 1837 
 Emanuel. 1829 
 John William. 1878 
 
 Allison, John. 1791 
 
 Andrews, Joseph. 1830 ... 
 
 Anyon, John. 1831 
 
 Sarah (Mrs.). 1 82- 
 
 Page 
 98 
 
 29 
 
 '95 
 
 189 
 
 178 
 
 S^ 
 142 
 142 
 
 Page 
 
 Arnold, Edward John Richard 
 
 1836 203 
 
 James Henry. 1735 2O 4 
 
 Judith (Mrs.). 1735 2O 4 
 
 Richard. 1742 ... 204 
 
 Ay liffe, Thomas. 1805 ... 157 
 
 Bailley, William. 1805 ... 107 
 
 Ball, Francis. 1705 196 
 
 Bion, Frances (Mrs.). 1816 221
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Bird, s. 
 Ellen. 
 George 1830 
 
 Page 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 Chittenden, Robert. 1837 
 Thomas Sheldon. 
 1830 
 
 Page 
 88 
 
 I2C 
 
 Mary Phoebe. 1839... 
 Samuel Joseph. i8j<? 
 Bland, Dr. 1816 .,. 
 Botterell, John. 1793 ... 
 Boulton, Anne. 1809 ?.. 
 William. 1/91 ... 
 Bowers, Margaret (Mrs.). 
 1806 
 
 3 
 3 
 '59 
 184 
 
 '75 
 174 
 
 1 20 
 
 Clapperton, Mary (Mrs.). 
 
 1845 
 
 Clark, Edith Matthew. 1884 
 Clarke, Jane Kemble. 1822 
 Clement, Diana (Mrs.). 1825 
 ,, John Thomas. 1825 
 Connell, Hannah (Mrs.). 
 1804. 
 
 8 9 
 182 
 
 168 
 82 
 83 
 
 C7 
 
 Bradshaw, Elizabeth. ... 
 James. 1832 ... 
 Brereton, Charles Trelawny. 
 1820 
 
 36 
 36 
 
 1 60 
 
 Corbett, Ann Agnes (Mrs.) 
 1846 
 Sir Charles, Bart. 
 1808 ... 
 
 26 
 ?6 
 
 Brocklesby, Martin. 1799 
 Browning, Richard. 1 800 
 Buckell, George Teasdale. 
 i8-?i 
 
 59 
 136 
 
 166 
 
 Thomas. 1808 ... 
 Cottrell, Jane (Miss). 1762 
 William, Dr. 1747 
 Councill, Ann (Miss) 1821 
 
 26 
 
 212 
 212 
 
 6 
 
 Burton, Thomas. 1820 ... 
 Byram, Sarah (Mrs.). 1848 
 
 Calvar, Frances (Mrs.). 1 806 
 Campbell, Alexander. 1795 
 Elizabeth (Mrs.). 
 i8ic 
 
 19 
 
 33 
 
 117 
 114 
 
 114. 
 
 Cowing, Elizabeth. 1845... 
 Joseph. 1820 
 18^5 ... 
 Cowley, Ann (Mrs.). 1847 
 James. 1831 
 Cracknall, Elizabeth. ... 
 Rachel 
 
 32 
 32 
 3 2 
 128 
 128 
 70 
 
 Carroll, Margaret (Mrs.). 
 1826 
 
 CA 
 
 
 70 
 
 Cattle, Thomas. 
 Chapman, Joseph. 182- ... 
 
 Chatfield, Martha Margaret. 
 l8q<? 
 
 138 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 4.0 
 
 1829 
 John. 
 Cugan, James. 
 Ruth (Mrs.). 1757 
 
 70 
 70 
 84 
 84 
 84. 
 
 Cheswright, Henry Manly. 
 1860 
 
 161 
 
 Calliver, Thomas. 
 
 102 
 IOQ 
 
 Chittenden,Ann(Mrs.). 1837 
 
 88 
 
 Curtice, Richard. 1832 ... 
 
 109
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 21 I 
 
 Page 
 
 Dale, Catherine (Mrs.). 1828 15 
 
 George. 1823 15 
 
 Darby, Edmund. 1770 ... 131 
 
 Thomas. 131 
 
 Dennis;, Daniel. - 60 
 
 Devall, John. 1793 167 
 
 Dobbring, Hannah (Mrs.). 
 
 1816 57 
 
 Doman, Emma. 31 
 
 Emma Maria. 1817 31 
 
 John. 1816 31 
 
 Dongworth, Rachel (Mrs.). 
 
 1735 *9 6 
 
 Down , EYi7. th . 1 8 ... 105 
 
 Dutens, Peter. 1761 202 
 
 Edmunds, Charlotte (Mrs.). 
 
 1833 74 
 
 Egar, Tho. 1687 211 
 
 Elders, Mary (Miss). 1701 196 
 Elliot, Mary Elizabeth (Mrs.). 
 
 - 146 
 
 England, Richard (Lieut.- 
 
 Gen.). 1812 158 
 
 Farrell, Diana (Mrs.). 1686 205 
 
 Fielder, George 1826 ... 154 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Alice. 1845 ... 68 
 
 Ann. 1808 ... 68 
 
 James Staines. 
 
 1800 68 
 
 Thomas. 18^7. 68 
 Fletcher, Catherine (Mrs.). 
 
 1829 15 
 
 Forrest, Elizabeth. 1814 ... 13 
 
 George, 1813 ... 13 
 
 Page 
 
 Forrest, Helen. 1810 ... 13 
 
 Hugh. 1833 ... 13 
 
 Robert. 1815 ... 13 
 
 Fountain, Anne (Mrs.). - 213 
 
 Franklin, David . - - ... 79 
 
 Franklin, Elizabeth (Miss) - 79 
 
 George. 18 ... 79 
 
 George. 1810 ... 79 
 
 Mary. 1822 ... 79 
 
 Gold, Charles. 1826 115 
 
 Goodyear, Elizabeth (Mrs.). 
 
 1818 112 
 
 Joseph. 1795... 112 
 
 Gowan, Harriet. 90 
 
 Jane. 1830 90 
 
 John. 1828 90 
 
 Margaret. ... 90 
 
 Robert. - 90 
 
 Grieve, Alexander. ... 48 
 
 Catherine. 1797 ... 48 
 Davidson, Richard. 
 
 1793 l8 4 
 
 Isabella. 1781 ... 48 
 
 1827 ... 184 
 
 Halford, Samuel. 1818 ... 121 
 
 Hamilton, William. - ... 188 
 (R.A.). 
 
 1801 188 
 
 1859 ... 66 
 Hardy, John (Lieut.-Col.). 
 
 1788 155 
 
 Hariette, James. 1822 ... 34 
 
 Sarah (Mrs.). 1821 34 
 
 Harris, Mary Ann. 1836 ... 39
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Harris, William. 
 
 39 
 
 Hosier, James. 1798 
 
 144 
 
 Harwood Mary 
 
 IOI 
 
 Houlding Jonas 
 
 r r 
 
 Hazlitt, William. 1830 ... 
 
 46 
 
 Sarah. 
 
 j j 
 
 r r 
 
 Hedge, Charles. 1812 
 
 T" 
 
 61 
 
 How, Georgiana Ann (Mrs.). 
 
 j j 
 
 Charles Forster. 1821 
 
 62 
 
 1840 
 
 I 5 6 
 
 Dorothy (Mrs.). 1851 
 
 62 
 
 Thomas. 1866 
 
 I 5 6 
 
 Elizabeth. 1801 ... 
 
 61 
 
 Howard, Sarah (Mrs.). 1845 
 
 71 
 
 1808 ... 
 
 61 
 
 Hubert, George. 1820 
 
 173 
 
 James. 1809 
 
 61 
 
 Hughes, Caroline. 1814 ... 
 
 9 
 
 John. 1846 
 
 62 
 
 Elizabeth. 1804 ... 
 
 9 
 
 William. 1820 ... 
 
 61 
 
 James. 
 
 126 
 
 Hee , Jane. 
 
 132 
 
 John. 
 
 126 
 
 Hele, John. 
 
 201 
 
 Margaret (Mrs.). 
 
 
 1806 
 
 201 
 
 179 1 
 
 126 
 
 Sarah. 
 
 2OI 
 
 Mary. 1800 
 
 9 
 
 Hendry, James. 
 
 5 
 
 Thomas. 
 
 126 
 
 Herner, Francis. 
 
 24 
 
 Hull, Ann (Mrs.). 1 8 ... 
 
 123 
 
 Sarah (Mrs.). ... 
 
 24 
 
 John . 1807 
 
 123 
 
 William. 
 
 24 
 
 Hunter, Isabella (Miss). 1833 
 
 89 
 
 Hewer, Anchorit (Mrs.). 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 William (Mrs.). 1760 
 
 2 
 
 Isaac, Hannah Ann. 1849... 
 
 118 
 
 Higgs, Dorothy (Mrs.). 
 
 9 1 
 
 
 
 Edward. -- 
 
 9 l 
 
 Jackson, Joan (Mrs.). 1777 
 
 152 
 
 Emma. iSij" 
 
 QI 
 
 John. 1766 
 
 iri 
 
 Hill, Catherine (Mrs.). 1804 
 
 y 
 no 
 
 Rebecca. iSij 1 ... 
 
 J 
 
 H3 
 
 Hodgkinson, Frances. ... 
 
 100 
 
 SamueL 1840 
 
 H3 
 
 Holt, Elizabeth (Mrs.). 1827 
 
 12 
 
 Jenkins, Diana (Mrs.). 1838 
 
 29 
 
 Mary. 1848 
 
 12 
 
 George. 1834 
 
 29 
 
 Hooton, Ann. 
 
 94 
 
 Jennings, Benjamin. 1807... 
 
 103 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 94 
 
 Jesse, Frederick Hewer. 1759 
 
 2 
 
 Hester (Mrs.). 1813 
 
 94 
 
 Johnson, Elizabeth (Mrs.). 
 
 
 John. 
 
 94 
 
 1819 
 
 I 
 
 Thomas. 
 
 94 
 
 Isabella. ... 
 
 4 8 
 
 Home, Sarah. 1828 
 
 164 
 
 Jollie, Walter. 1826 
 
 177 
 
 William. 1819 
 
 164 
 
 Jones, Ann Newton. 1772 . 
 
 37 
 
 Hosier, Ann (Mrs.). 1 795 . . . 
 
 144 
 
 William. 1766 
 
 37
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 213 
 
 Page 
 
 Kirkpatrick, James. 1823... 116 
 
 1839... 116 
 
 Rosana. 1 8 1 6 1 1 6 
 
 Kennell, Mary Maria. 1809 85 
 
 Kilbee, Sarah (Mrs.). 1826 97 
 
 King, John. 1829 108 
 
 Joseph Lemuel. 1838 108 
 
 M . 1823 16 
 
 Mary (Mrs.). 1813... 108 
 
 Martha Eliza. 1846... 108 
 
 Robert. 1820 16 
 
 Latham, Ann (Mrs.). ... 30 
 
 John. 183- ... 30 
 
 Lesage, Augustus. 1812 ... 82 
 
 Diana (Mrs.). 1811 82 
 
 Maria Utrecia. 1801 82 
 
 Lloyd, Mary (Mrs.). 1 848 1 29 
 
 Lyndon, Elizabeth. ... 7 
 
 Ellen Stanton. 183^ 7 
 
 George William. 
 
 1840 7 
 
 Henry. 7 
 
 Sophia Ann (Mrs.). 
 
 1830 7 
 
 Macleod, Eliza. 1817 ... 187 
 
 Macmin, Jane. 1839 ... 96 
 Macpherson, Sir John, Bart. 
 
 1821 193 
 
 Maffell, Robert. 1807 ... 190 
 
 Marchant, //zabeth. ... 86 
 Marchant, Elizabeth (Mrs.). 
 
 1838 118 
 
 Frances. 1817 118 
 
 Marshall, John. 1835 ... 170 
 
 Page 
 
 Marshall, John. 1846 ... 170 
 
 Mary (Mrs.). 1838 170 
 
 William. 1845 ... 170 
 
 Mason, Ann (Miss). 1772 75 
 
 Anthony. 1775 ... 75 
 
 George Francis. 1829 75 
 
 Margaret(Mrs.). 1800 75 
 
 Mary. 1794 75 
 
 Richard. 1788 ... 75 
 
 Sophia. 1814 ... 75 
 
 Susannah (Mrs.). - 75 
 
 William John. 1808 75 
 
 Massey, . 1791 49 
 
 Thomas. 1792 ... 49 
 
 Meadows, Henry. 1810 ... 23 
 
 Mence, Edward. 56 
 
 Metcalfe, Fredk. . -- ... 76 
 
 Mary (Mrs.). 1830 76 
 
 Thomas. 1805 ... 76 
 
 Miller, Ann (Miss). 1*48... 14 
 
 Charles. 1843 ... 14 
 
 D . 1838 ... 14 
 
 John. 1825 14 
 
 Mitchell, . 1845 53 
 
 A . 1816 ... 53 
 
 Mouldsworth, Grace (Mrs.). 
 
 1687 214 
 
 Newton, Ann. 1772 37 
 
 Caroline. - ... 41 
 
 James. - - 41 
 
 1848 ... 10 
 
 Isaac. 1808 ... 37 
 
 Nixon, John. 1808 51 
 
 1830 5 1 
 
 Martha (Mrs.). 1822 51
 
 214 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Page 
 
 Nixon, Mary Ann. 1810 ... 
 
 5* 
 
 Sharpe, Joseph. 1849 
 
 165 
 
 Robert. 1810 
 
 5 1 
 
 Rachael (Mrs.). 1824 
 
 88 
 
 Thomas. 1810 
 
 5' 
 
 Shearing, Hannah. 1832 ... 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 Simons, George. 1833 
 
 74 
 
 OfFord, Charlotte (Mrs.). 1830 
 
 4 
 
 Sly, John. 1829 
 
 20 
 
 Isaac. 1823 
 
 4 
 
 William. 1829 
 
 20 
 
 Margaret (Mrs.). 1810 
 
 4 
 
 Smith, d. 1800 
 
 134 
 
 Oldfield, Sarah. 1815 
 
 53 
 
 Ann (Mrs.). 1788 
 
 137 
 
 Orme Joseph. 1842 
 
 38 
 
 Georee 1707 
 
 I 37 
 
 
 J *-* 
 
 vj^-uigv*. i/y/ ... 
 
 Peter. 1700 
 
 * D I 
 
 I 9 6 
 
 Parker, John. 
 
 147 
 
 Squire, Rev. Samuel. 1 766 
 
 206 
 
 Pearce, John. 1812 
 
 T/ 
 
 146 
 
 Stannard, Charlotte. 1814 
 
 122 
 
 Penstone, William. 1789 ... 
 
 93 
 
 Martha (Mrs.) ... 
 
 122 
 
 1792 ... 
 
 93 
 
 1857 ... 
 
 122 
 
 Pereira, Benjamin. 1828 ... 
 
 54 
 
 Robt. Alexr. 1832 
 
 122 
 
 Perkins John 1827 
 
 183 
 
 StcdiriEn Toh.3.nn<i (^^rs,). 
 
 
 Mary. 1831 
 
 J 
 
 183 
 
 1814 
 
 124 
 
 Pierrepont, Rt. Hon. Lady 
 
 
 William. 18... 
 
 124 
 
 Grace. 1703 
 
 215 
 
 StezvaTdson, . 1807 
 
 1 06 
 
 Piper, William. 1812 
 
 63 
 
 Sydenham, Humphrey. 1807 
 
 168 
 
 Ransom, Esther (Mrs.). 1816 
 
 72 
 
 Tacy, James Sills. 18-6 ... 
 
 121 
 
 Richards, George . 1815 
 
 80 
 
 Tate, Alexander. 1831 
 
 16 
 
 Sarah. 1802 
 
 80 
 
 Theodore, King of Corsica. 
 
 
 Robbins, Sophia. 1844 ... 
 
 '97 
 
 1 7 r6 
 
 45 
 
 i /^" 
 
 Roberts, Eleanor(Mrs.). 1820 
 
 135 
 
 Trelawny, Harry (Genl.). 
 
 
 Jane (Mrs.). 1832 
 
 58 
 
 1800 
 
 191 
 
 Robertson, James (Col.). 1 8 1 8 
 
 162 
 
 Mary (Mrs.). 
 
 
 
 
 1814 
 
 IQI 
 
 Schild, Charlotte (Mrs.). 
 
 73 
 
 101^ 
 
 y 
 
 Augusta. 
 
 
 Vage, Harriet. 1836 
 
 181 
 
 1813 
 
 73 
 
 Sarah. 1835 
 
 181 
 
 John Gerhard. 1813 
 
 73 
 
 Thomas. 1820 
 
 179 
 
 Rosina Luisa. 1815 
 
 73 
 
 Vaughan, Elizabeth (Mrs.). 
 
 
 Sen, Thomas Jones. 1 829. . . 
 
 119 
 
 1831 
 
 139 
 
 Sharpe, Joseph. 1849 
 
 88 
 
 Evan. 1841 ... 
 
 139
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 215 
 
 Vaughan, Jane (Miss). 1815 
 William. 182- 
 1842 
 Vendon, Shadrach. 1795 ... 
 Vining, Samuel I7QQ 
 
 Page 
 
 '39 
 139 
 '39 
 '53 
 113 
 
 Wetherell, Sarah Jane (Mrs.). 
 1827 
 Thomas. ... 
 Whitaker, Elizabeth (Mrs.). 
 
 Page 
 
 87 
 57 
 
 81 
 
 Wa/^r, Frances. 1806 ... 
 Ward, Henry. 1814 
 James. 1817 
 John. 1823 
 1830 
 
 27 
 
 21 
 21 
 21 
 21 
 
 Wigstead, John. 1757 
 
 1793 
 Williams, Anne (Mrs.). 1834? 
 James. 
 John Matthew. - 
 Mary. 1818 
 
 47 
 47 
 64 
 64 
 64 
 
 2C 
 
 Mary. 1831 
 Thomas. 1831 
 1848 ... 
 William. 1795 
 Warne, Mary Elizabeth (Mrs.). 
 1808 
 
 I6 3 
 l6 3 
 I6 3 
 21 
 
 I 22 
 
 Wills, Anne (Mrs.). 1797 
 William. 1808 
 Wilson, Hannah (Mrs.). 1811 
 John. 1817 
 Wood, Benjamin. 178- ... 
 Wright, John Freeman. 1 847 
 
 176 
 176 
 
 127 
 127 
 104 
 
 172 
 
 Warner, Susannah (Mrs.). 
 1818 
 
 i8c 
 
 Mary (Mrs.). 1847 
 Robert. 1836 
 
 172 
 
 66 
 
 Wehner, Martin. 182^ ... 
 Wetherell, J. B. B. 1812... 
 John. 1850 
 M. J. 1808 ... 
 Mary. 1821 ... 
 S. 1810 
 
 5 
 
 87 
 87 
 87 
 57 
 87 
 
 William. 1783 ... 
 Hannam. 
 1814 
 Hannam. 
 i8j 9 ... 
 Wyon, Benjamin. 1833 ... 
 
 H3 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 8
 
 216 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Parish of St. Anne^ Westminster , Evening Patrol [1791]. 
 
 The Church Wardens and Overseers of this Parish, assisted by many 
 other respectable inhabitants, particularly the Committee appointed last 
 Year, to conduct the Business of the EVENING PATROL, have agreed to open 
 a Subscription for the same Purpose this Winter, and (provided the Contri- 
 butions will enable them) to employ SIXTEEN PATROL MEN to be on Duty, 
 from Sun set till Ten of the Clock at Night ; in the Selection of which, 
 every possible Attention will be paid to Men of known good Character and 
 Diligence. 
 
 The Gentlemen hope they need use no Argument to prove the real 
 Utility of such a Safeguard, as every Master or Mistress of a Family must 
 feel a Satisfaction in the Assurance of their Children and Servants, being 
 protected from Insults or Injury in the Streets, from the close of the Day 
 to the setting of the Nightly Watch. 
 
 They think it, however, their Duty to add, that as all the neighbouring 
 Parishes have adopted some Plan of a like Nature, for the Safety of their 
 Inhabitants, the Danger of neglecting to continue it in this Parish will be 
 Double, as the Persons whose Practice it is to make Depredations on the 
 Public, will certainly be found in the greatest Proportion, where they meet 
 with the least Obstruction or Annoyance. 
 
 The Gentlemen therefore trust the Inhabitants will (as a Means for 
 their own Security) readily contribute such Sums as they judge proper 
 towards the Support of so beneficial an Undertaking ; and it is hoped that 
 no further Subscription will be required after the present year, as it is in- 
 tended to apply to Parliament to empower the Vestry to make a Rate for 
 that Purpose ; and the Draft of a Bill is left at the Office of the Vestry 
 Clerk for the Inspection of the Inhabitants.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 217 
 
 All voluntary Contributions will be thankfully received by 
 
 Mr. Marshall of Great Newport- 
 street, Treasurer. 
 Mr. Lockett, of Sutton-street, 
 Mr. Buttall, of Greek-street, 
 
 Churchwardens. 
 
 Mr. Moorby, of Compton-street, 
 Mr. Knight, of Compton-street, 
 Mr. Pitts, of Litchfield-street, 
 Mr. Richardson, of Oxford-street, 
 Overseers. 
 
 Annexed is a List of the Subscribers to the Fund last Year : 
 
 Benjamin Gee, Esq., of King-street, 
 
 Mr. West of King-street, 
 
 Mr. Willmer, of Cranbourn-street, 
 
 Mr. Dobson, of Oxford-street, 
 
 Mr. Fife of Ryders-court, 
 
 Mr. Dunford of Ryders-court, and 
 
 Mr. Dawes, of Dean-street. 
 
 ' * 
 
 Mrs. Allison, Greek-street o 10 6 
 Messrs. Arnold and Walsh, 
 
 Compton-street o 10 6 
 
 Mr. Allen, Soho-square .010 6 
 Mr. Atkinson, Dean-street o 10 6 
 Mr. Adams, Grafton-st.... o 10 6 
 Mr. Atkin, Little New- 
 port-street o 5 o 
 
 Mr. Anstead, Wardour-st. 020 
 Mr. Assen, Hays's-court .020 
 
 Mr. Allday, Carlisle-st. .010 6 
 
 Mr. Angelo, Ditto o 5 o 
 
 Mr. Bolton, Queen-street 050 
 Mr. Blume, Compton- 
 street o 2 6 
 
 Mr. Bennett, Ditto ... o 5 o 
 
 Mr. Bond, Ditto o 10 6 
 
 Mr. Beyer, Ditto o 3 o 
 
 Mr. Bannister, Frith-st. .010 6 
 Rev. Dr. Barrow, Soho- 
 square 010 6 
 
 Mr. Brand, Ditto o 10 6 
 
 ' * 
 
 Mr. Bray, Cranbourn-st. o 10 6 
 Mr. Barlow, Cranbourn- 
 
 passage oio 6 
 
 Mr. Buttall, Greek-street o 10 6 
 
 Dr. Batten, Soho-square I I o 
 
 Mr. Birch oio 6 
 
 Mr. Bishop o 2 6 
 
 Mr. Brush o 2 6 
 
 Mr. Balliston, Porter-st. .020 
 Mr. Buscarlet, Great 
 
 Newport-street o I o 
 
 Mr. Bramwell, Litchfield- 
 street oio 6 
 
 Mr. Bradford, Ditto ... o 5 o 
 Mr. Bramhall, Newport- 
 market o 2 6 
 
 Mr. Brown, Grafton-street 026 
 Mr. Billings, Ditto ... o 5 o 
 Mr. Blake, Little New- 
 port-street o 5 o 
 
 Mr. Burton, Rider's-court 020 
 
 Mr. Bagley, Ditto o 2 6
 
 218 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 
 
 J. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 J. 
 
 d. 
 
 Mr. Betsworth, Cran- 
 
 
 
 
 Collyer, Nath., Esq., 
 
 
 
 
 bourn-street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Lisle-street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Brown, Ditto 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Corcoran, Compton- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Barber, .Little New- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 I o 
 
 6 
 
 port-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Campbell, Litchfield- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Bryant, Newport- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 court 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Crompton, Church- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Beckhuson, Princess- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 I O 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Clark, Cranbourn-st. 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Bright, Lisle-street ... 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Clark, Ryder's-coun 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Bolt, Sidney-street ... 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Clark, Oxford-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Beard, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Chandler, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Bull, Leicester-square 
 
 o 
 
 J 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 fields 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Brunton, Frith-street 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Courtier, Great New- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Banks, Church-street 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 porr-street 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Briggs, Ditto 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Choice, Litchfield-st. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Baldwin, King-street 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Crooks, Ditto 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Bishop, Great New- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Clayfield, Grafton-st. 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 port-street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Cook, Bear-street ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Bonnet, Princes-st. . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Clifton, Little New- 
 
 
 
 
 Boone, Thomas, Esq., 
 
 
 
 
 port-street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Nassau-street 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Cromey, Compton- 
 
 
 
 
 Bowman, Edw., Esq. 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Soho-square 
 
 o 
 
 1 O 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Cocks, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Boswood, Dean-st. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Clements, Wardour- 
 
 
 
 
 Messrs. Bishop and Brum- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 mell, Lisle-street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Corner, Sidney-street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Beeston, Gerrard-st. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Conway, Ditto 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Birch, William, Esq., 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Cook, Hays's-court... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Dean-street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Callaghan, Dean-st. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 Mr. Carpenter, Frith-st. . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Christ, Ryder's-court 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Craufurd, P. G., Esq., 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Crag, Hollen-street . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Soho-square 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Clark, Dean-street... 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 John Chase, Esq., Frith- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Christie, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 I O 
 
 6 
 
 fields 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Clark, King-street ... 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Churchill, Gerrard-st. 
 
 
 
 5 
 

 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 219 
 
 
 
 
 J. 
 
 /. 
 
 
 
 
 
 /. 
 
 /. 
 
 Mr. Duberley, Soho-sq. . 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Delagrange, Frith-st. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Dobson, Oxford-st. . 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Dunning, Carlisle-st. 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Dawes, Dean-street . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Dowling, Princes-st. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Davies, Grafton-st . 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Eaton, the Rev. Arch- 
 
 
 
 
 Dive, Hugh, Esq., Frith- 
 
 
 
 
 deacon i 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Ellis, Compton-street 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. De Belly, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Eden, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Ellys, Captain, Dean-st. . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Dennett, Frith-street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Edmonds 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Deschamps, Wardour- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Edmonds 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 street ... 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 F.llison. Cranhnnrn- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Dickson, Bateman's- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 buildings 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Ellis, Newport- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Dovey, Ditto 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 market 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Donaldson, Compton- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Emerson, Oxford-st. 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Emery, Wardour-st. 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Dorman, Frith-street 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Ewald, Leicester-st. . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Davenhill, Church- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Earle, Frith-street ... 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Egenolf, Nassau-st 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Dall, Great New- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Evans 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 port-street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Ford, Greek-street... 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Dunford, Rider's- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Fitch, Compton-st. . 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 court 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Finney, Frith-street . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Dither, Little New- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Fowler, Soho-square 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 port-street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Firth, Rider's-court . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Desbrow, Ditto 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Fife, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Docking, Ditto 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Fletcher, Gerrard-st. 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Degrange, Wardour- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Foote, Dean-street... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Fify.henrv. Gerrard- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Dickie, Ditto 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Darbyshire, Meard's- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Fryer, Cranbourn-st. 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 court 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Freeman. Newport- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Dugard, Princes-st. . 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 court 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Davies, Macclesfield- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Fisher, Leicester-sq. 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Fairbairn, Grafton-st. 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Daboffe, Gerrard-st. 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Falkncr, Hays's-court 
 
 
 
 5 
 

 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 L 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 /. 
 
 d. 
 
 Mr. Flower, Cock-lane ... 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Golburn, Wardour- 
 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Felice, Compton-st. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Fisher, Chapel-street 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 c 
 
 Mr. Garnis, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Faulkner, Maccles- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Gannon, Church-st. 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 field-street 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Gibson, Porter-street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr, Furneux, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Mr. Grocock, Earl's-court 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Fogleberg, Church-st. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Mr. Gray 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Foster, Richmond- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Griffin, Whitcomb-st. 
 
 O 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 buildings 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Hopkins, Greek-st. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Field, Ditto 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Howell, Thomas, Esq., 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Fisher 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Soho-square 
 
 I 
 
 _ 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Ford, Spur-street ... 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Hunneman, Frith-st. 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Graham, Compton- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Hooper, Sutton-st. . 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Hovenden, Cran- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Gaugain 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 bourn-street 
 
 o 
 
 I O 
 
 6 
 
 Gee, Benjamin, Esq. ... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Hodgson, Church-st. 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Gee, Wardour-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Hand, Little New- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Greenwood, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 port-street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 square 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Hewitt, Greek-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Groote, King-street . 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Hewitt, King-street . 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Gordon, Church-st. . 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Messrs. Hussey and Co. 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Gedge, Leicester-sq. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Gerrard-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr Greenwood 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Heron, Dean-street . 
 
 o 
 
 5" 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Goddard, Gerrard-st. 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Hosier, Richmond- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Gwynn, Frith-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 buildings 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Godeby, Bateman's- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Hughes, Macclesfield- 
 
 
 
 
 buildings 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 Mr Green Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Headach, Rider's- 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 l^iss Gardner Carlisle-st. 
 
 o 
 
 r 
 
 o 
 
 court 
 
 o 
 
 e 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Groves, Porter-street 
 
 o 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Hinton, Gerrard-st. . 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Godfrey, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Hughes, Bateman's- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Gaubert, Leicester-st. 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 buildings 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Grignion, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Mr. Hope 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Giles, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Holehouse, Greek-st. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Glazier, Grafton-st. . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Herlien, Porter-street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Gosling, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Hobler, Ditto 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 L 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Mr. Harwood, Oxford-st. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Kirkley, Little New- 
 
 
 
 Mr. Hales, Spur-street ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 port-street 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Mrs. Hilliar, Compton-st. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 King, Thomas, Esq., 
 
 
 
 Mr. Herriot, Porter-street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Gerrard-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mrs. Hanet, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Lockett, Sutton-st. ... 
 
 o 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Henning, Litchfield- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Laurence, Greek-st. . 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Lea, Ditto 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Hales, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Laurence, Church- 
 
 
 
 alley 
 
 o 
 
 j 
 
 o 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Hewitt, Dean-street 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Lucas, King-street ... 
 
 o 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Hazelwood, Frith-st. 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Lyford, Grafton-st.... 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 Mrs. Henderson, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Lands, Gerrard-st. ... 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 square 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Lejune, King-street . 
 
 o 
 
 5 o 
 
 Mr. Illingworth, Frith-st. 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Lane, Ditto 
 
 
 
 5 o 
 
 Mr. Johnson, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Lee, Macclesfield- 
 
 
 
 square 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 6 o 
 
 Mr. Jefferson, the Rev., 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Le Meatre, Grafton- 
 
 
 
 Greek-street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 2 O 
 
 Mr. Jones, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Leftwich, Church-st. 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 alley 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 Mowbrey, W\, Esq., Soho- 
 
 
 
 Mr. Innocent, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 square 
 
 , 
 
 I 
 
 passage 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Marshall, Great New- 
 
 
 
 Mr. James, Greek-street . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 port-street 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mrs. Ives, Oxford-street . 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Madan, Greek-street . 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Jackson, King-square- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Martin, Frith-street . 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 court 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Mortimer, Ditto 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Jones, Spur-street ... 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Mather, King-street . 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Johnson, King-street 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Martin, Richmond- 
 
 
 
 Knox, William, Esq., Soho- 
 
 
 
 
 buildings 
 
 o 
 
 IO O 
 
 square 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Moggridge, Cran- 
 
 
 
 Messrs. Kitchin, Little 
 
 
 
 
 bourn-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 6 
 
 Newport-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Mallett, Gerrard-st. 
 
 o 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Knight, Compton-st. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Mc'Kenzie, King-st. 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Kennebell, Frith-st. . 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Moggridge, Cran- 
 
 
 
 Mr. King 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 bourn-street 
 
 
 
 5 o 
 
 Mr. Klug, Rider's-court... 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Miller, Greek-street 
 
 
 
 2 6
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 L 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 Mr. Mouchett, Grafton- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Peale, Newport- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 market 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Mac Kewan, Litch- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Perry, Compton-st.... 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 field-street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Potts, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Moreby, Compton-st. 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 6 
 
 Pasley, Robert, Esq., Soho- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Mac Kerrell, Ditto . 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 square 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Miller, Gerrard-street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Palmer, Grafton-st.... 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Murnox, Richmond- 
 
 
 
 
 Miss Powell, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 buildings 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Mac Donald, Bate- 
 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Puller, Ditto 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 man's-buildings 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Potts, Gerrard-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Meyer, Gerrard-st 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Potier, Grafton-street 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Michel, Compton-st. 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Pain, Titchfield-street 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Mead, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Pollon, Church-street 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 alley 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Phillips, Cock-lane... 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Myers, Dean-street... 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Pittman, Dean-street 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Moffatt, Leicester -St.. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Phillips, Greek-street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Nicolls, Hollen-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Mr. Pitts, Litchfield-street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Naylor, Great New- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Peters, Earls-court ... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 port-street 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Pearne, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 ^^r. N^ven. K.m2[-street... 
 
 o 
 
 e 
 
 o 
 
 fields 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Nalder, Leicester-st. . 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Paul, King-street ... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Nesbitt, Greek-street 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 Mr. Powell, Lisle-strest. .. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Norris, Bear-street... 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Portal, Chapel-street. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Norman 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 Mr. Peck, Lisle-street ... 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Mr. Newman, Gerrard- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Pratbernon, Porter- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 r 
 
 o 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Oshaugnessy, Whit- 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 Mr. Payne 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 combe-street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Quin, Sutton-street... 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Offord, Grafton-st.... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Mr. Reid, Compton-st.... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Oram, Ditto 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Ranken, Soho-square 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Petrie, John, Esq., Soho- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Reeder, Oxford-st 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 square 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Roby, Princes-street. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Pickett, Compton-st. 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Ring, Spur-street ... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Pettit, Macklesfield- 
 
 
 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 
 
 
 
 
 street . . . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Leicester-square 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 223 
 
 
 
 
 /. 
 
 J. 
 
 
 /; 
 
 s. 
 
 </. 
 
 Mr. Reynolds, Frith-st.... 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Simons, Ryder's-court 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Reid, Sydney-street . 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Stanyarn, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Randall, Compton- 
 
 
 
 
 passage 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Spencer, Compton-st. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Richardson, Oxford- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Shrimpson, Oxford-st. 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Spinks, Wardour-st... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Roberts, Meard's- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Scott, Chapel-street . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 court 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Messrs. Shenton & Smith, 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Reynolds, Hayes's- 
 
 
 
 
 Wardour-street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 court 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Smith, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Redfoot, Hollen-st.... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Suttle, Ditto 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Randal, Bear-street... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Smith, John, Ditto... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Reynolds, Rider's- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Sedgrove, Princess-st. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 court 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Mr. Smith, Whitcombe-st. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Redgate, Greek-st.... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Solomons, Gerrard-st. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Read, Gerrard-street . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Stoll, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 
 Mr. Rossman, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Swann, Hays's-court. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 passage 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Schuffnar, Frith-st ... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Swinson, Frith-street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Sumner, Greek-street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Spilsbury, Soho-sq 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Sherriff, Church-st,.. 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Smith 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Sell, Moor-street ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Sydenham, Frith-st... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Sand, Richmond- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Smith 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 buildings 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Shaw 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Self, Chapel-street... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Steel, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Scrafer 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 passage 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Thomas, Greek-st... 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Savory, Princess-st 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Trotter, Frith-street . 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Stedman, Compton- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Thompson, Oxford- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 1 O 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Smith, Gerrard-st. . . . 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Shipley, Greek-st.... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Tod, William, Esq., Dean- 
 
 
 
 
 Messrs. Smart & Co., 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Frith-street 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Taylor, Greek-street. 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Stevens, Cock-lane... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Thompson, Cran- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Sansom, Litchfield-st. 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 bourn-street 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Stevens, Grafton-st... 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mr. Tyler, Oxford-street . 
 
 
 
 5 
 

 
 224 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 Mr. Turner, Ditto 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mrs. White, Soho-square. 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Taylor, Church-st.... 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Messrs. Willowes & 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Tomes, Lisle-street. . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Warren, Leicester-sq. . . . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 a 
 
 Mrs. Vivares, Great New- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Welch, Gerrard-st... 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 port-street 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Wedd, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Unsworth, Bear-st.... 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Wild, Frith-street ... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Unknown 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. W^ray, Dean-street. .. 
 
 o 
 
 I O 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Vincent, Bateman's- 
 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Waltrin, Bateman's- 
 
 
 
 
 buildings 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 buildings 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Vincent 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. W^igstead, Greek-st... 
 
 o 
 
 7 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Vollum, Wardour-st. . 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Wimburn, Compton- 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 Mr. Upsdell, Gerrard-st. . 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 
 o> 
 
 Mr. Vaughan, Little New- 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 Messrs. Willey & Wright, 
 
 
 
 
 port-street 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Cranbourn-street 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Vollotton, Gerrard-st. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Wilkinson, Ryder's- 
 
 
 
 
 Unknown 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 court 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Ward, Hen. Townley, 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Williams, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 Esq., Soho-square 
 
 J 
 
 J 
 
 o 
 
 street 
 
 o 
 
 r 
 
 o 
 
 Willett, Ralph, Esq., Dean- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Webley, Newport- 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 street 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 court 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. West, King-street ... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Wells, Little New- 
 
 
 
 
 Messrs. Whites, Greek-st. 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 port-street 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Whittingham, Frith- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Wilson, Ditto 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Walter, Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Wilby, Soho-square.. 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mrs. Witham, Dean-st.... 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Mr. Wilmer, Cranbourn- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Wicksteed, Compton- 
 
 
 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 Mr. Wilson 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Watkinson, Wardour- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Wright, Soho-square. 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 street 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Williams, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Williams, Ditto ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 f. 
 
 Mr Wallis Ditto 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 I O 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Wedgwood, Greek-st. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Williams, Sydney-st.. 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Wilson, Meard's- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Wood, Lisle-street... 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 court 
 
 o 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Warburton, Ditto ... 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Wood, Gerrard-st. ... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. Wilson, Leicester- 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Thomas Wilson ... 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 square 
 
 
 
 I 
 

 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 22$ 
 
 Mr. Webb, Frith-street... 026 
 Mr. Whitebrook, Greek- 
 street o 5 o 
 
 Mr. Wills, Church-street. 050 
 Mr. Walker, Oxford-st.... 050 
 
 Mr. Winn, Dean-street... 026 
 Mr. Watson, Leicester- 
 street o 2 6 
 
 Mr. Ward, Gerrard-street 026 
 Mr. Young, Bear-street... 020 
 
 A General Meeting of the Inhabitants will be held in the VESTRY 
 ROOM, on WEDNESDAY next, at ELEVEN o'Clock in the Forenoon, 
 to receive Subscriptions and appoint the Patrol. 
 
 N.B. A Number of able-bodied MEN art wanted.
 
 227 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 NOTE. This Index does not include the names mentiontd in the two 
 Appendices, 
 
 Abingdon Street, 3 
 Accum, Frederick, 87 
 Admiralty, The, 3 
 Agas (Ralph), i, 2 
 Aldridge's Repository, 177 
 Alhambra, The, 124 
 Allen, Emanuel, 165 
 
 George, 160 
 
 Robert, 73 
 Ancaster, Duchess of, 50 
 Angelo, Harry, 26, 68, 69, 
 
 89. 95 197 
 
 Apollo Gardens, The, 114 
 Archer, Lady, 55 
 Arne, Dr., 128 
 Ashburton, Lord, 196 
 Astley, John, 195 
 Atkins, W. B., 165 
 Aylesbury, Countess, 55 
 Aylmer, Lord, 55 
 
 Bach, A., 107 
 
 Bacon, John, 139, 140 
 
 Baily, E. H, 92 
 
 Ban bury, Sir Charles, 196 
 
 Banks, Miss, 32, 33 
 
 Sir Joseph, 31, 33 
 89. 98, 196 
 
 Bannister, John, 101-103 
 Barbon Family, The, 65 
 
 Square, 6466 
 Barbone, Dr., 162 
 Barclay, Earl, 39 
 Barge, Rev. Thomas, 171 
 Barnard, Dr., 196 
 Barnby, Sir Joseph, 156 
 
 Barrow, Rev. William, 182, 
 
 183 
 
 Barry, James, 87 
 Barry more, Earl of, 5 5 
 
 Family, The, 102 
 Barwis, Rev. Cuthbert, 181 
 Bateman, Lord, 55 
 
 Mrs. (Actress), 71, 
 72 
 
 Bateman's Buildings, 66, 67 
 Bateman Street. See Queen 
 
 Street 
 
 Baylis, Dr. Edward, 105 
 Beauclerk, Topham, 195 
 Beckford, Alderman, 29-31 
 Behnes, W., 92 
 Bell, Sir C., 208 
 Bellasis, Sir Henry, 71 
 Benoist, A., 79 
 Berault, Peter, 78 
 Berkeley, Countess, 55 
 Earl of, 55 
 Lord, 33-35 
 Berkshire House, 5 
 Berwick Street, 173 
 Billington, Mrs., 77, 125 
 Birch, W., 125 
 ' Black Boy,' The, 79 
 ' Black Moor's Head,' 78 
 Black well, T. F., 152 
 Bland, John, 130 
 Blaney, (Magistrate), 138 
 Blomfield, Bishop, 165 
 'Blue Boy,' The, 117 
 ' Blue Posts,' The, 97, 188, 
 189 
 
 ' Blue Spike,' The, 79 
 Blunt, Rev. Walter, 165 
 Bolingbroke, Lord, 55 
 Bolton, Duchess of, 5 1 
 
 Duke of, 55 
 Bonneau, Jacob, 121 
 Borawlaski, Count, 62 
 Bos well, James, 109, MI, 
 
 195, 196 
 
 Bower, George, 99 
 Bramston, Sir John, 144 
 Brereton, Mrs., 102, 103 
 
 C. T., Lieut.-Col., 
 
 IS' 
 
 Brewers, R., 117 
 Briggs, H. P., 87 
 British Museum, 136 
 Broad Street, 2 
 Brooks, William, 118 
 Brown, Robert, 33, 98 
 Browne, R., 67, 133 
 Buccleugh, Duke of, 55 
 Bullimore, Mary, 150 
 Burch, H., 127 
 Burke, Edmund, 109, 195, 
 
 196 
 
 Richard, 196 
 Burney, Dr., 196 
 
 Fanny, 71, 196 
 Butler, Susanna, 150 
 
 ' Caesar's Head,' The, 99 
 Cambridge Circus, 136, 175 
 
 Duke of, 72 
 Card well, Rev. J. H., 153 
 Carey, Henry, no
 
 228 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Carlini, Agostino, 69, 70, 
 
 ' Cock and Pie,' The, 140 
 
 Dean Street Music Room, 
 
 207, ao8 
 
 Cockerell, S. P., 147 
 
 97, 183-185 
 
 Carlisle, Anne, Countess of, 
 
 Collcutt,T. .,185 
 
 Delafors, Nicholas, 74 
 
 2 S 
 
 Cotton, Rev. C. C., 139 
 
 Delamotte, Rev. Gideon, 174 
 
 Earl of, 24, 25, 50, 
 
 Compton,Sir Francis, 77 
 
 Delaval, Lord, 68 
 
 55 
 
 Dr. Henry, 164 
 
 Denmark Street, 67 
 
 House (Carlisle 
 
 Street (New),89-9i 
 
 D'Eon, The Chevalier, 71, 
 
 Street), 24-26, 
 
 (Old), 77-89 
 
 76,83 
 
 6g, 69 
 
 Const, Frances, 165 
 
 Devall, John, 150 
 
 ,, (Soho Square), 
 
 Constable, J., 107 
 
 Devonshire, Duchess of, 191 
 
 26,27,29,133, 
 
 Conway, Field-Marshal, 36 
 
 Duke of, 50 
 
 167 
 
 R., 50 
 
 William, Earl of, 
 
 Street, 67-72 
 Carolina Mathilda, Princess, 
 
 Cope, Sir John, 35 
 Corday, Charlotte, 76 
 
 129 
 
 Dickens, Charles, 186 
 
 155 
 
 Corke, Countess, 55 
 
 Dog's Fields, 7, 8, 10 
 
 Carpenter, Lady Almeria, 50, 
 
 Earl of, 55, 101 
 
 Donaldson, William, 198 
 
 57 
 
 Cornelys (Teresa), 26, 27, 
 
 Drummond, S., 71, 77 
 
 Carpue, J., 185 
 
 41-63, 167 
 
 Drury Lane, 2-4 
 
 Carter, Thomas, 195 
 
 Cornman, P., 130 
 
 Dryden, John, 109, no, 138 
 
 Castle Street, 64, 73, 173 
 
 Covent Garden, 3 
 
 Dryander, Dr., 33 
 
 Caudwell's Dancing Academy, 
 
 Cradock, Joseph, 94 
 
 Dudley Court, 173 
 
 178, 185 
 
 Craft, William, 77 
 
 Street, 136 
 
 Caumont, Comte de, 108 
 
 Craven, Lady, 55 
 
 Dugdale, Sir William, 12, 13 
 
 Ceracchi, Guiseppe, 70 
 
 >5 , Lord, 55 
 
 Dugley, R., 87 
 
 Cervetto, Signor, 184 
 
 Crisp, Samuel, 127 
 
 ' Duke's Head,' The, 81, 97 
 
 Cesvet, Rev. J., 174 
 
 Croft, Dr. William, 156 
 
 Dulau & Co., 72 
 
 Chambers, Rev. J. C., 165 
 
 Cromwell, Mary, 27, 36, 38 
 
 Duncombe, William, 100 
 
 Sir Robert, 196 
 
 Oliver, 37, 58 
 
 Dundas, Henry, 81 
 
 Chapel Street, 67 
 
 Richard, 38, 140 
 
 Lady Charlotte, 55 
 
 Chapone, Mrs. H., 71, 94 
 
 Crosse & Blackwell, Messrs., 
 
 Durand, Rev. Jacques, 164 
 
 Charenton, La, in, 175 
 
 29 
 
 Dyer, Samuel, 196 
 
 Charing Cross Road, 64, 72, 
 
 Crown Court, 68 
 
 
 73, in, 118, 130, 131, 
 
 Street, 64, 73, 92, 
 
 Eaton, Rev. Stephen, 153 
 
 136, 1 66 
 
 118 
 
 Edridge, H., 77, 87, 106 
 
 Charlemont, Lord, 196 
 
 Cubitt, James, 175 
 
 Edward Street, 173 
 
 Charles I., 122 
 
 Cumberland, Duke of, 55 
 
 Edwards, Edward, 79 
 
 Street, 73 
 
 Curioni, Signora, 120 
 
 Egar, Thomas, 149, 150 
 
 Chatelaine, J. B., 82 
 
 
 Effingham, Countess, 55 
 
 Cheere, Henry, 195 
 
 Dagley,R., 67, 133 
 
 Elcock, John, 86 
 
 Cholmondeley, Earl of, 55 
 
 Dall, N.T., 130 
 
 Eliot, Lord, 196 
 
 Church, Rev. Thomas, 153 
 
 D'Almaine, Messrs., 29 
 
 Elizabeth, Princess, 122 
 
 Street, 64, 73-77 
 
 Nicholas, 74 
 
 Queen of Bohemia 
 
 Cibber (C. G.), 14 
 
 Dalton, Richard, 195 
 
 122 
 
 Ciciliano, Joachim, 161 
 
 D'Arblay, Madame, 94 
 
 Elkington, Rev. J. J., 165 
 
 Cipriani, G. B., 69 
 Claggett, Charles, 111-115 
 
 Daubigny, Rev. Henry, 175 
 Davies, H. W., 157 
 
 Elliot, Sir John, 138 
 Ellys, John, 195 
 
 Dr. Nicholas, in 
 
 Debaufres, Jacob, 74 
 
 Empire Theatre, The, 123 
 
 Clare, Martin, 128, 181 
 
 Peter, 74 
 
 124, 186, 187 
 
 Market, 131 
 
 Deane, P., 121 
 
 Essex, Countess of, 71 
 
 Clerkenwell Road, 136 
 
 Dean, Richard, 77 
 
 
 Club, The, 195-198 
 
 Street, 67, 68, 92-98, 
 
 Faccio, Nicholas, 74 
 
 1 Coach and Horses,' The, 189 
 
 178, 188 
 
 Facius, J. G. S., 71
 
 INDEX. 
 
 229 
 
 Faithorne (William), 5 
 
 George Yard, 139 
 
 Hamilton, Lady, 90, 91 
 
 Falconberg Court, 39 
 
 Georgeirenes, Archbishop, 
 
 Sir William, 196 
 
 Family, The, 137 
 
 160-163 
 
 W., 91, 150 
 
 House, 27-29, 
 
 Gerard, Charles, Earl of 
 
 Handel, 128 
 
 36-39 
 
 Macclesfield, 102, 109 
 
 Hanover Square Rooms, 1 1 3 
 
 Mews, 39 
 
 Gerard Family, The, 109 
 
 Hardwick, P. C., 165 
 
 Street, 39 
 
 Gerrard Street, 64, 108-110, 
 
 Hardy, John, Lieut.-Col., 
 
 Viscount, 36 
 
 138 
 
 150 
 
 Falmouth, Earl of, 55 
 
 Giardini, 49 
 
 Hare-hunting at Soho, 10 
 
 Farinelli (a singer), 101 
 
 Gibson, D., 87 
 
 Harlow, G. H , 93 
 
 Farrington, G., 127 
 
 Gloucester, Duke of, 50, 55, 
 
 Hart, Emma, 90, 91 
 
 * Feathers,' The, 189 
 
 122 
 
 Street, 136 
 
 Fert, Anthony, 74, 78, 108 
 
 ' Golden Cup,' The, n i 
 
 Hawkins, Sir John, 195 
 
 Fielding, Sir John, 57, 76 
 
 'Golden Heart," The, 119, 
 
 Hay, James, 150 
 
 Fitzgerald, Lady, 7 1 
 
 120, 123 
 
 Haydon, Josephus, 114,115 
 
 Flaxman, John, 138, 207 
 
 ' Golden Key,' The, 78 
 
 H aye's Court, 118 
 
 W., in 
 
 Goldsmith, Oliver, 192, 195 
 
 Hayman, Francis, 92, 195 
 
 Fleury, Rev. A. P., 174 
 
 'Good Woman,' The, 119 
 
 Haymarket, 5, 6, 8 
 
 Foley, Lord, 39 
 
 Grafton, Duke of, 56, no, 
 
 Theatre, 72 
 
 Fontaine, Peter de la, 125 
 
 ill, 175 
 
 Hazlitt, William, 107, 151 
 
 Foot, Jesse, 193 
 
 Street, 64,73, no, 
 
 Hearne, Rev. John, 152 
 
 Fcrdyce, Dr. George, 196 
 
 in, 136, 173, 175 
 
 T, 127 
 
 Foreign Residents, 4 
 
 Graglia, A., 71 
 
 Heel, Egerton, 150 
 
 Formantle, Miss, 128 
 
 Grantham, 55 
 
 Thomas, 150 
 
 Forrest, Theophilus, 197 
 
 Gray, Henry, 124 
 
 Henderson, J., 106 
 
 Fox, C. J., 138, 190, 191, 
 
 Great St. Andrew Street, 2 
 
 Henley, John, 1 20, 131, 175 
 
 196 
 
 Windmill Street, 136 
 
 Henniver, Mrs., 127 
 
 Fox-hunting at Soho, 10 
 
 Grecs, Les, 164 
 
 Henry Frederick, Prince, I 54 
 
 Forcenza, George, 118 
 
 Greek Street, 64, 66, m- 
 
 ' Hercules' Pillars,' The, 190 
 
 Forster, John, 186, 192 
 
 118, 190 
 
 Herve, Rev. Thomas, 164 
 
 Foster, Thomas, 1 1 7 
 
 Refugees, 14 
 
 Hewitt, Lady Frances, 1 06 
 
 Frasi, Signora, 127, 184 
 
 ' Green Dragon,' The, 74 
 
 Hewson, S., 107 
 
 Frankland, Sir Thomas, 39 
 
 Greiffenberg, Dr. J. T. von, 
 
 Hinchinbrook, Lord, 125 
 
 Frederick, Prince, 155 
 
 132 
 
 Hinchliffe, Dr., 196 
 
 Freeman, W. & S., 177 
 
 Gresse, J. A., 106 
 
 Hind, Rev. Richard, 94, 193 
 
 ' French Change,' The, 194 
 
 Griffin, Gerald, 117 
 
 Hoare, William, 195 
 
 French Churches in Soho, 
 
 Grig Street. See Greek 
 
 Hog Lane, in, 118, 119, 
 
 173-175 
 
 Street 
 
 164, 173 
 
 Frith Street, 66, 99-108 
 
 Grignion, Charles, 195 
 
 Hogarth, William, 91, 118, 
 
 Fuentes, Count de, 28 
 
 Grose, Capt., 189 
 
 119, 123-125 
 
 
 Guadagni, G., 57, 184 
 
 Holcroft, Thomas, 71 
 
 Gaffey, Rev. Daniel, 171 
 
 Guerchy, Count de, 23, 76, 
 
 Holman (the actor), 181,182 
 
 Gainsborough, Earl, 39 
 
 132 
 
 Hopkins, Elijah, 150 
 
 Thomas, 69, 
 
 Gurney, Archer, 165 
 
 Hook, Theodore, 117 
 
 117 
 Galloway, Lord, 50 
 
 Gwyn, John, 195 
 Gwynne, Rev. Robert, 164, 
 
 Hooper, Thomas, 29 
 Hooper's Hotel, 29 
 
 Garrick, David, 196 
 ' Geneva Arms,' The, 75 
 
 166, 167 
 
 House, Sam, 138, 190-192 
 Howard, Lady Elizabeth, 71 
 
 Genoa Arms,' The, 189, 190 
 
 Hakewell, Gresham, 150 
 
 Sir William, 129 
 
 George II., 122 
 
 Hall, W., 126 
 
 Howitt, S., 87 
 
 * George and Thirteen Can- 
 
 Hamilton, Duchess of, 50 
 
 Hudson, R. S., 174 
 
 tons,' The, 75 
 
 Gavin, 195 
 
 Thomas, 195
 
 230 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hume, David, 126 
 
 Laporte, J., 1 06 
 
 Meard's Court, 127, 128 
 
 Hume's Dancing School, 107, 
 
 La Prode, Rev. Louis, 175 
 
 Mease, J., 87 
 
 108 
 
 Lawrence, Lady, 71 
 
 Mercier, Dr., 105 
 
 Hummel, A., 120 
 
 Le Grand, , pastrycook, 75 
 
 Merlin, Joseph, z8, 29 
 
 Hunt, Leigh, no 
 
 Leeds, Duke of, 196 
 
 Merrick, Rev. M. M., 153, 
 
 Huntington, Earl of, 55 
 
 Leech, John, 186 
 
 '54 
 
 
 Leicester, Earl of, 122 
 
 Merry Andrew Street, 67 
 
 Ibbitson, J., 87 
 
 Sir Peter, 13 
 
 Mirabeau, 200 
 
 Imer, the actor, 42 
 
 Fields, 6 
 
 Missy, Rev. C. de, 173 
 
 Inchbold, Mrs., 105 
 
 House, 122, 126 
 
 ' Mitre,' The, 78 
 
 'Intrepid Fox,' The, 138, 
 
 Place, 122 
 
 Molyneux, Lord, 55 
 
 190192 
 
 Ireland, John, 189 
 
 Square, 121-124 
 Lemon, Mark, 1 86 
 
 Monk, General, 65 
 Monmouth, Duke of 9, u, 
 
 
 Lenoir, M., 72 
 
 20-23 
 
 Jack's Coffee House, 97, 192, 
 
 Liart, Matthew, 118 
 
 House, 66, 132, 
 
 193 
 
 Lichfield Street, 73, 124, 125 
 
 173 
 
 iames, George, 50, 128 
 
 Leissen, , Music-seller, 79 
 
 Montagu, M. W., 125 
 
 anssen, Sir Theodore, 106 
 
 Light, , Teacher of Music, 
 
 Moor Street, 73, 128, 129, 
 
 errold, Douglas, 186 
 
 132* '33 
 
 136, 173 
 
 obson, Puppet - showman, 
 
 Linnean Society, 33, 109 
 
 Morland, H., 71 
 
 8082, 97, 98 
 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, III, 
 
 Linwood, Mary, 124, 1 86 
 Lisle Street, 122, iz6 
 
 Mortimer, J. H., 197, 198 
 Moser, George Michael, 70, 
 
 193. J 95 
 
 Literary Club, The, 195-198 
 
 X 95 
 
 Jones, Sir William, 196 
 
 Little Chapel Street, 173, 174 
 
 Mowbray, T. H., 186 
 
 
 Earl Street, no 
 
 Mozart, 99, 100 
 
 Kaufirnann, Angelica, 29 
 
 St. Andrew Street, 2 
 
 Murphy, Arthur, 95, 107 
 
 Kean, Edmund, 105, 126 
 
 Lochie, J. C., 121 
 
 
 Moses, 126 
 
 Loft, Capel, 115 
 
 Nassau Coffee House, The,. 
 
 Kelly, F. M., 185 
 
 Long, Rev. Canon, 171 
 
 138 
 
 Kemble, Charles, 109 
 
 Long Acre, 3 
 
 Street, 138 
 
 John, 101-103 
 
 Louisa Anne, Princess, 155 
 
 Nelson, Lord, 91 
 
 Kendall, the actor, 186 
 
 Love, Ellen, 186 
 
 New Oxford Street, 136 
 
 Knight, R, P., 31 
 
 Lucan, Lord, 196 
 
 Palace Yard, 3 
 
 Knowles, Percy, 1 86 
 
 
 Royalty Theatre, 97 
 
 King, Gregory, 12, 13, in 
 
 Macartney, Lord, 196 
 
 Newcourt, Richard, 5 
 
 Margaret, 106 
 
 Macclesfield, Earl of, 39, 40, 
 
 Newman, F., 127 
 
 ' King's Arms,' The, So, 81 
 
 126 
 
 Newport, Alley, 129 
 
 Square, 12, 64, 68 
 
 Street, 126, 127 
 
 Earl of, 129 
 
 Street, 67, 68 
 
 Macklin, Charles, 101, 102 
 
 House, 129, 130 
 
 Court, 67 
 
 MacLeod, Rev. R., 153 
 
 Market, in, 130,. 
 
 King Street, 64, 75, 119, 
 
 Major, Richard, 140 
 
 I3' I7S 
 
 121, 136 
 
 Thomas, 140 
 
 Street, 129, 130 
 
 King's Theatre, 77 
 
 Manchester, Duke of, 55 
 
 Newton, F. M., 195 
 
 
 Mansel, Lord, 39 
 
 Isaac, 92 
 
 Laine, F., 121 
 
 Marat, Jean Paul, 76 
 
 Sir John, 34, 35 
 
 Lamb, Charles, 107 
 Lambert, George, 195 
 
 March, Earl of, 55 
 Marist Fathers, Church of, 172 
 
 Nollekens, J. F., 98 
 ' Noon,' by Hogarth, 1 64 
 
 Lampe, J. F., 119, 120 
 Lando, John, 75 
 
 Marley, Dr., 196 
 Marshall, Rev. John, 154 
 
 Norris, Rev. Edward, 171 
 Nottingham, Earl of, 34 
 
 Lane, Lady Bridget, 55 
 
 Martyn, Rev. T., 95 
 
 Novailles, Count de, 23 
 
 Langley, Batty, 128 
 
 Mary, Princess, 154 
 
 Nugent, Capt., 50 
 
 Lanier, Sir John, 150 
 
 Matthews, Charles, 126 
 
 Dr., 195
 
 INDEX. 
 
 231 
 
 Ogleby, Lord, 51 
 Oglethorpe, General, 35, 36 
 
 Prince's Street, 131, 132, 
 139 
 
 St. Anne's, Lecturers of, 153, 
 154 
 
 O'Keefe, D., 127 
 
 Prys, H. J., 184 
 
 Organ, 155-157 
 
 John, 127 
 O'Leary, Rev. Arthur, 167, 
 
 Pyne, W. H., 197 
 Pyramide, Le, 174 
 
 Organists, 1 56, 
 '57 
 
 168 
 
 
 Rectors of, 152, 
 
 Oram, Edward, 77 
 
 ' Queen's Head,' The, 125 
 
 153 
 
 Osbaldiston, Dr. Richard. 
 
 Queen Street, 132, 133 
 
 Schools, 177, 178 
 
 86,99 
 
 
 Watch, 202-207 
 
 Ossory, Lord, 196 
 
 Raimbach, A., 71 
 
 St. Giles-in-the-Fields, 2 
 
 Oxford Street, 2 
 
 Ranu, Alexander, 74 
 Rebecca, Biagio, 29 
 
 St. James's Park, 3 
 St Martin-in-the-Fields, 2 
 
 Page.S., 123 
 
 Redding, Cyrus, 138, 139 
 
 St. Martin's Lane, 2, 3 
 
 Palace Theatre, The, 185 
 
 Rees, Rev. J., 165 
 
 St. Mary's Church, Soho, 14, 
 
 Pall Mall, 3, 5 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 66, 
 
 160-167 
 
 Palmerston, Lord, 55, 196 
 
 in, 123, 130, 133, 195 
 
 St. Patrick's R.C. Church, 
 
 Pantheon, The, 58 
 
 Rigby, Rev. Dr., 171 
 
 167-172 
 
 Panton, Col. Thomas, 5-7 
 
 Richardson, Joe, 86 
 
 Sandby, Thomas, 195 
 
 Square, 5 
 
 Rev. Robert, 153 
 
 Sandringham Buildings, 131 
 
 Street, 5, 7 
 
 Richmond Street, 136 
 
 Sandwich, Earl of, 55 
 
 Parke, John, 121 
 
 Richter, H., 130 
 
 Sartorius, F., 127 
 
 Parry, John, 184 
 
 RigaudJ. F., 106 
 
 Saville, Sir George, 123, 
 
 ' Palatine's Head,' The, 193, 
 
 Rigerboos, Cornells de, 42 
 
 1 86 
 
 194 
 
 Ripperda, Don, 28 
 
 House, 123, 186 
 
 Patente, La, 173, 174 
 
 Riquetti, 200 
 
 Scarborough House, 109 
 
 Paulet, Lady Betty, 125 
 
 Roberts, John, 192 
 
 Schiefer, , stay-maker, 83 
 
 Payne, James, 195 
 
 Robertson, Col. James, 151 
 
 Scot, Samuel, 195 
 
 Pelling, Rev. John, 152 
 
 Robins, George, 69 
 
 Scott, Sir William, 196 
 
 Pembroke, Lady, 50 
 
 Rochester, Countess of, 71 
 
 Scowler, James, 130 
 
 Percy, Dr., 196 
 
 Romilly, Sir Samuel, 100 
 
 Sedgemoor, Battle of, 9 
 
 Pernotin, B., 133 
 
 Rooker, M. A., 92 
 
 Seven Dials, 3 
 
 Perrache, J. P., 125 
 Peters, William, 130 
 
 Roquet, M., 118 
 ' Rose and Crown,' The, 194 
 
 Seward, William, 95 
 Shackleton, John, 195 
 
 Pether, A., 125 
 
 Rose Street, 133, 178 
 
 Shaftesbury Avenue, 2, 64, 
 
 W., 106, 130 
 
 Roubiliac, L. F., 195 
 
 72, no, 136 
 
 Philidor, Andre, 128 
 
 Rowlandson, Thomas, 77 
 
 Earl of, 136 
 
 Phillips, Sir R., 50 
 
 Royal English Opera House, 
 
 Sharp, Rev. Thomas, 165 
 
 Piccadilly Circus, 2, 136 
 Pierpont, Lady Grace, 149 
 
 185 
 Royalty Theatre, 185, 186 
 
 Shelley, Samuel, 125 
 Sheridan, R. B., 104 
 
 Pigot, Lord, 55 
 
 Rupert, Prince, 122 
 
 Shipley, Dr., 196 
 
 Pine, John, 120, 121, 195 
 
 Ryder, Capt., 134 
 
 Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, 28 
 
 Piper, P.M., 121 
 
 Ryder's Court, 134, 173 
 
 Sidney, Robert, Earl of 
 
 Pius VI., 168,169 
 
 
 Leicester, 122 
 
 Pomfret, Countess of, 51 
 
 Sagnier, John, 108 
 
 Alley, 137 
 
 Pompeati, a dancer, 42 
 
 St. Albans, Earl of, 1 1 
 
 Place, 137 
 
 Porter Street, 73 
 
 St. Anne's Church, Soho, I, 
 
 Smith, Dr. Adam, 196 
 
 Portland, Earl of, II 
 
 13,14,73,141- 
 
 George, 152 
 
 Powell, puppet - showman, 
 
 160 
 
 J. R., 15, 107, 117, 
 
 187, 188 
 
 Church Plate, 1 54 
 
 128, 133 
 
 Powell, L., 130 
 
 Churchwardens, 
 
 Nathaniel, 189 
 
 Punch's Theatre, 187, 188 
 
 1 57-* 59 
 
 Raphael, 66 
 
 Puttick & Simpson, 123 
 
 Court, 134-136 
 
 Dr. Thomas, 98
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Soho Academy, 128, 181- 
 
 Theodore, King of Corsica, 
 
 Wardour Street, 137-140, 
 
 183 
 
 97, 151, 200 
 
 201, 207 
 
 Bazaar, 178-181 
 
 'Thirteen Cantons,* The, 75 
 
 Ware, Isaac, 195 
 
 Building of, 1 1-40 
 
 Thorne, E. H., 157 
 
 Warren, Dr., 196 
 
 Fields, i-io 
 
 Thornhill, Sir James, 92, 
 
 Warton, Dr. Joseph, 196 
 
 Foreign Inhabitants of, 
 
 123 
 
 Thomas, 196 
 
 200-202 
 
 Thrale, Henry, 177 
 
 Watch, The, 202-207 
 
 French Chapels in, 
 
 Tichborne Street, 136 
 
 Webb, Aston, 175 
 
 201, 202 
 
 Tichfield Street, 137 
 
 Wedgwood, Josiah, 115, 
 
 Hospitals in, 176, 177 
 
 Tomkison, Thomas, 93, 98 
 
 116, 130 
 
 Institutions, &c., of, 
 
 Toms, William Henry, 79 
 
 Weichsel, Mrs., 77 
 
 176-199 
 
 Tooke, Home, 95, 96 
 
 Charles, 125 
 
 Origin of Name, 9, 10 
 
 Tottenham Court Road, 166 
 
 Wesley, Rev. John, 168, 
 
 Square, a, 14, 15, 67 
 
 Treasury, The, 3 
 
 174 
 
 Street, see Charles 
 
 Tree of Liberty, 136 
 
 West, Robert, 79 
 
 Street 
 
 Trelawney, Gen. Harry, 150 
 
 Street, 140, 173, 174 
 
 Taverns, 188-199 
 
 Tremblade, La (French 
 
 Westminster Abbey, 3 
 
 Theatre, 185, 186 
 
 Chapel), 140, 174 
 
 Hall, 3 
 
 Solander, Dr., 33 
 
 Treyssac de Vergy, , 75, 
 
 Wheatley, Francis, 126 
 
 Spencer, Countess, 55 
 
 76 
 
 Whitby, W., 121 
 
 Lord, 55, 196 
 
 Trotter, John, 178 
 
 White, Jeremiah, 35-37 
 
 Spicer, Henry, 121 
 
 Troye, J. B., 107 
 
 Whiteford, Caleb, 198 
 
 Spring Gardens, The, 3 
 
 'Turk's Head,' The, ill, 
 
 Whitehall, 3 
 
 Squire, Rev. Samuel, 153 
 
 194-199 
 
 Whitehead, Paul, 79 
 
 Stanhope, Lady, 51 
 
 Turner, Miss, singer, 184 
 
 White House, The, 27-29 
 
 Steward, Elmes, no 
 
 Turpin, Dick, 77 
 
 Wilde, S. de, 130 
 
 Stiddolph, Sir William, 89 
 
 'Two Chairmen,' The, 199 
 
 Wilkes, John, 94 
 
 Street, 89 
 
 'Two White Posts,' The, 
 
 Willett, Ralph, 98 
 
 Stothard, Thomas, 125 
 
 107 
 
 William Augustus, Prince, 
 
 Strand, The, 3, 6 
 
 
 *54 
 
 Strange, Robert, 195 
 
 Van den Helm, Isaac, 78 
 
 William Henry, Prince, 
 
 Stuart, Lady Augusta, 51 
 
 Vardon, S., 106 
 
 *54 
 
 Caroline, 51 
 
 Vaughan, E., 125 
 
 Williams, Rev. David, 109 
 
 Stydolfe, Sir Richard, 7 
 
 Vauxhall Gardens, 77, 125 
 
 Evan, 184 
 
 Sullivan, Luke, 189 
 
 Vestris, Madame, 96 
 
 Lady, 71 
 
 Sussex, Earl of, 55 
 
 Vendon, Shadrach, 150 
 
 Willliam, 87 
 
 Sutton Court, 27, 137 
 Street, 27, 67, 137 
 
 Velnos, J. J. V. de, 105 
 Jane de, 105 
 
 Windmill Fields, 7, 8, 10 
 Street, 5 
 
 Swainson, Isaac, 104 
 
 Verdion, Count, 190 
 
 Womb well, George, 87 
 
 
 Vere, Rev. L. G., 171 
 
 Woodward, R., 87 
 
 Talfourd, Rev. W. W. 
 
 Villebrune, Mary de, 121 
 
 Wren, Sir Christopher, 7, 
 
 165 
 
 Vivares, T., 130 
 
 141 
 
 Talma, F. J., 83 
 
 
 Wyatt, James, 1 30 
 
 Tart Hall, 5 
 
 Wade, Rev. Nugent, 153, 
 
 Wylde, Dr., 124 
 
 Tassie, James, 86 
 
 156, 165 
 
 Wynne, Sir W. W., 50, 
 
 Taylor, John, 117, 198 
 Temple, Le, 173 
 
 Wake, Dr. William, 145 
 Waldegrave, Countess of, 50, 
 
 184 
 
 Tenison, Dr. Thomas, 163 
 
 128 
 
 Yeo, Richard, 195 
 
 Terry, Ellen, 186 
 
 Wale, Samuel, 195 
 
 Young, James, 152 
 
 Texiera, Peter, 74 
 
 Walmsley, Capt., 71 
 
 Yver, Rev. J., 174 
 
 Thames, The, 3 
 
 Ward, James, 92 
 
 
 Theobald's Road, 136 
 
 Wardour Hall, 174 
 
 Zoffany, J., 198 
 
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