> 
 
 ] 
 
 
 > '"^rf' 
 
 O A 
 
 •) 
 
 K 
 
m? 
 
 mi 
 
 
 EASJ Et£VATiON 
 
 TO mx- 
 
 traseRlPTIGNS AMD DEVICES 
 
 .LKJPT mm% WALLS Ta z^zev. 
 

 
A 
 
 OFTHE 
 
 TOWEl OF Lei^ieoH 
 
 EAST i5;i£:vATio.hi.,.,:^ ., r 
 
 B!a8eRaFT!©f3§.AM^ DEVICES 
 LEFT en T]»S WALLS. 7SE^g:<^?« 
 
^^"^1 
 
 %^' 
 
K?lk 
 
 ! ^ !!! i^^;iljlt■.W^i:!t!y ' ^;:'::]?■^W^I« ■ HWL>^ 
 
 v^l^ • -' ,.1? 
 
 >i;:^i]'0{?p{?ii^t.f:iiV^Kaii 
 
 di 
 
 I ^ ^g^K|^p |:^pa ©yifjp' ipeKkis^©^ 
 
This small Work is offered for the inspection of the 
 Public^ as an abridgment of one lately Published by 
 W. R. Dick, on the Inscriptions and Devices in the 
 Beauchamp Tower, and is Printed principally for the 
 convenience of Visitors, hoping it will prove useful to 
 them during their researches amongst the many Ancient 
 Devices left in the State Prison-room, by its unhappy 
 Occupants in former times. The room in which these 
 Devices are to be seen, is the principal room in the 
 Beauchamp Tower, one of the westerly fortifications in 
 the Tower of London, and formerly one of the principal 
 State Prisons. The Tower is supposed to have been built 
 about the \zth or i^th Centuries; the style of Archi' 
 lecture and building corresponding with that in use at 
 that period. It has lately been restored to its original 
 state, under the direction of A. Salvin, Esq., Architect ; 
 and, it was during the restoration that these Inscriptiom 
 and Devices were partially discovered and carefully pre- 
 served by W. R. Dick, Clerk of the Works, who now 
 humbly takes his leave, hoping these short sketches will be 
 acceptable to such of the Public as feel interested in these 
 affecting Memorials of those unfortunate men who 
 formerly suffered for their country or their country s 
 religion. 
 
tttt*(HlttifliiJt^» 
 
 This Monument of ancicjit times and customs^ is built 
 on the lank of the river Thames, and stands on the brow 
 of the eminence called Tower Hilly the spot were so many 
 persons of distiriguished character suffered death at the 
 hands of the executiojier. 
 
 fudging from the position of the Tower, it seems 
 probable that it was intended to defend the approach, by 
 water, to the famous Metropolis of the British Empire. 
 
 It has been confidently asserted, that the Tower owes its 
 origin to the Romans, yet, though there are many circum- 
 stances which appear to uphold the truth of this supposition^ 
 we must not take it for granted without examining the prob- 
 abilities. Mr. Bailey, in his history of the Tower, mentions 
 that it is affirmed, that the Tower was built about the 
 time of Constantine the Great: it is also stated, that it was 
 the treasury and mint of the Romans, The grounds given 
 by Dr. Milles for this assertion^ are that in laying founds 
 at ions for a new ordnance office in 1777, the workmen 
 discovered an ingot of silver hearing the impression of 
 Roman characters, and also several gold coins ^ 6fc, 
 
 fudging from these circumstances, and also from tht 
 naturally favourable position of the eminence on which 
 it now stands, it seems probable that the Romans had some 
 kind of fortress on the site of the present building, though 
 there is no satisfactory grounds for supposing that any 
 building of importance existed here before the time of 
 William the Conqueror, by whose command the White 
 Tower was built, under the superintendance of Gundulph, 
 Bishop of Rochester; and several important fortifications 
 
11. 
 
 ■were added during the time of Willianis two sonSy 
 William Rufus and Henry I. 
 
 Since its erection, the Tower has been used both as a 
 Royal residence and State Prison, and if we consider it 
 in either of these characters, it is full of interesting 
 recollections to a co-ntemplating mind. Stephen is the 
 first Monarch mentioned as residing in the Tower, he 
 having kept his Court here during his troublesome wars 
 ^ith the Empress Matilda, 
 
 About the year i i8o, the Tower was surrounded by a 
 moat, by Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, who was left in 
 charge by Richard I., during his expedition to the Holy 
 Land. King fohn frequently kept his Court at the 
 Tower, and made many additions to the different fortifi' 
 ■cations: in 12 15 the Barons besieged the Tower, and 
 John was forced to make many concessions, amongst 
 others the signing of Magna Charta, For some time 
 -after the death of fohn, his son was constantly employed 
 in repairing the injuries sustained by the Tower during 
 the turbulent reign of his father. It was probably during 
 his reign that the Tower was built which contains the 
 antiquities enumerated in this book ; he also began an 
 •additional line of fortifications, but was unable to complete 
 his designs at this time, in consequence of the foundations 
 givifig way and the whole of the work being destroyed. 
 This accident took place a second time, m 1241. Henry 
 appears to have made the Tower his chief residence ; it 
 was there that he was compelled to subscribe to the conditions 
 imposed by the Earl of Leicester and his traitorous 
 associates. On the accession of Edward /., he consider- 
 ably improved the fortifications of the Tower, by completing 
 what his father began, and erecting several strong oui^ 
 
^'orh as a defence to the principal entrance. The Tower 
 dots not appear to have been much used as a Royal 
 residence during his reigny but to have derived i/s chief 
 importance from its character of a State prison^ to which 
 purpose it was chiefly appropriated throughout the active 
 career of this Monarch, Of the fews who were 
 apprehended in 1278, on suspicion of clipping and 
 adulterating the coin of the realm^ no less than 600 were^ 
 at one time, confined in the Tower. 
 
 In 1 3 JO, the infamous Mortimer was conveyed a 
 prisoner to the Tower, and from thence to the gallowSy by 
 the command of Edward III. 
 
 Though it is impossible, in this small book, to enumerate 
 ell the eventful scenes enacted in this fortress, yet, before 
 we close this notice, we may mention that in 1509, Henry 
 VIII, brought his wife, Catherine of Arragon, to the 
 Tower, after her coronation ; and, in 1530, being tired of 
 Catherine, he brought to the same place a younger and 
 fairer bride, who was also destined, very shortly, to give 
 way to a rival, and to suffer death amidst the scenes 
 which had witnessed her former splendour. 
 
 During the reign of Mary, the Tower was the scene 
 cf the imprisonment and death of her innocent rival, 
 Lady fane Grey, who was executed on the Tower Green 
 in 1554. After the death of Mary the Tower was very 
 teldom used as a Royal residence : the usual procession 
 from thence to Westminster, was abandoned on the 
 accession of fames II., on account of the attendant 
 expenses ; nor have any of our Sovereigns since that 
 period made the Tower their place of abode. 
 
W\t miut^iim^ %mi\t. 
 
 I . — On the left-hand side, as you enter the building, 
 X)n the ground floor, is an inscription by ''Walter 
 Paslew," dated 1569 and 1570. "My hope is in 
 Christ." No authentic account is given of this 
 person. In 1537, we read of a John Paslew, Abbot of 
 Whalley, in Lancashire, being apprehended for his 
 part in the rebellion called the " Pilgrimage of Grace," 
 and executed March 12th, 1537. 
 
 2. — Near to the device of Paslew, is the name 
 " RoBART DvDLEY." This Nobleman was the third 
 son of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who 
 was arraigned for high treason, on the accession of 
 Mary to the throne, in the year 1553, ^or having 
 endeavoured to place the crown on the head of his 
 daughter-in-law, the Lady Jane Grey. Being extremely 
 unpopular, both with the nobility and people at large, 
 he was condemned and beheaded on Tower Hill. 
 At his death, his sons were still in confinement, and 
 Robert, the subject of the present narrative, was, in 
 the year 1554, arraigned at Guildhall, and on the plea 
 of high treason, condemned (by the Earl of Sussex) to 
 be hanged, drawn, and quartered. He lay under this 
 sentence until the following year, when he and his 
 two brothers, Ambrose and Henry, were liberated, by 
 command of Queen Mary. In 1557, we find mention 
 of him as Master of the Ordnance. Upon the acces- 
 sion of Elizabeth, Robert was raised to a high place 
 
10 
 
 in her favour, and was by her created Baron Denbigh 
 and Earl of Leicester ; having the lands and revenues 
 of those baronies bestowed on him and his heirs male. 
 In 1567, she honored him with the robes and orna- 
 ments of the order of St. Michael ; which were sent 
 by the King of France, to be bestowed on any two 
 noblemen she should think most worthy. The great 
 favours shewn by the Queen raised Dudley's ambitious 
 hopes, until we find him aspiring to the honour of 
 her hand ; his countess having, by a fall, broke her 
 neck, not (it was generally suspected) without 
 Leicester's connivance. She kept him in suspense 
 for some time ; and though she made a pretence of 
 offering his hand for the acceptance of Mary Queen 
 of Scots, yet her affection for him, and her jealousy 
 of her cousin, were too great to allow of that union 
 being carried into effect : had all other circumstances 
 been favourable, Robert himself could not have been 
 an advocate for it, as in 1569, he was engaged as 
 negociator between Elizabeth and the Duke of 
 Norfolk, concerning a proposed union between Mary 
 and the Duke. Leicester appears to have acted in a 
 perfidious mannier in this business, as he deferred 
 giving the necessary information to the Queen until 
 it reached her ears from other quarters, when he con- 
 fessed the whole proceedings, in a manner that lead 
 Her Majesty to believe, that it was a conspiracy, in- 
 tended to be carried on without her knowledge. 
 Some years after Robert married the Countess of 
 Essex, Mother of Elizabeth's favourite, Robert 
 Devereux,and although Elizabeth was greatly offended 
 by this marriage, yet he continued to retain her favour 
 during his life, which ended at his Manor of Kenil- 
 worth, on the 4th rSeptember, 1588. 
 
11 
 
 $. — Under the la.st mentioned, we find a mutilated 
 inscription by *• Johan Decker," of whom no 
 account can be found. 
 
 4. — Over the door- way of the small cell, at the foot 
 of the stairs, is the name ** Robart Tidir." The 
 letters of which the name is composed, are of a very 
 singular character ; but as the inscription is without 
 date, we are unable to give any account of the person. 
 It is therefore without interest, excepting what is 
 excited by the recollections afnd associations of the 
 building in which its unfortunate owner left it as a 
 melancholy memorial of his sufferings. 
 
 5. — Underneath the name Tidir, are the letters 
 **I.H.C." 
 
 6. — As you ascend the stairs to the State Prison- 
 room, is an inscription — near to the loop-hole — by 
 " Thox. Jenkins, 1672 ;" but it has the misfortune 
 to be so mutilated as to be perfectly unintelligible. 
 There is no account to be found of this individual, 
 but, judging from the date, he was probably one of 
 the persons we read of as being imprisoned by King 
 Charles the Second for having favoured the traitorous 
 proceedings of the Commonwealth. 
 
 7. — On the left of the door- way, as you enter the State 
 Prison-room, may be seen the name ** Marmadvke 
 Nevile, 1569." Of this person no satisfactory 
 account is given ; neither can we positively state to 
 what family he belonged. We read of Richard Nevile, 
 second Baron Latimer, having a son of the above 
 narae, but as there is no further mention of him, it is 
 impossible to know whether the Marmaduke of whom 
 Vfe are speaking was that son, or whether he was a 
 
12 
 
 relation of Charles Nevile, Earl of Westmoreland^ 
 who was outlawed for high treason, in the year 1569^ 
 
 8. — To the right of Nevile, is the elaborate device- 
 of Peverel, one part of which, is a representation of 
 the Crucifix, bearing the initials of its superscription, 
 and a bleeding heart ; underneath is the word 
 " Peverel." To the right of the cross is part of the 
 figure of a skeleton, with an illegible inscription ; 
 underneath, to the left, is a shield bearing the arms of 
 the family of Peverel. Of this Peverel we have no 
 account among the committals, and, therefore, can only 
 conjecture the cause of his confinement. It is probable 
 that he was concerned in the rebellions of that period, 
 which were raised by the Roman Catholics, in oppo- 
 sition to the Government and religion of Queen 
 Elizabeth. The different devices of armorial bearings 
 left byPeverel, render the name interesting by connect- 
 ing it in some measure with the Peverels of Derbyshire, 
 whose name has been immortalized by SirWalter Scott,, 
 who represents Peverel, and Nigel, another of his 
 heroes, as having been confined in the Tower of 
 which we are now speaking. 
 
 9. — On the left of the first recess, is a monogram, 
 consisting of the letters *' I.C." These letters were,. 
 in all probability, the initials of some unfortunate 
 prisoner; but who that prisoner was, it is impossible 
 to ascertain. 
 
 10. — On the left of the loop-hole, in the first recess,. 
 is the name "William Beveridg, 1562;" which 
 probably belonged to some Roman priest, punished 
 for his obstinacy in matters of religion, by being 
 committed to the Tower. We have, however, nothing 
 
13 
 
 to assist us in our conjectures, as our historians have 
 unfortunately left no account of this person. 
 
 II. — To the right of the last inscription, is a device^ 
 in the form of a Shield, bearing the following in- 
 scription, in Italian, which may be translated thus: — 
 ** Since fortune hath chosen that my hope should go 
 to the wind to complain, I wish the time were destroyed ; 
 my planet being ever sad and unpropitious. William 
 Tyrrel, 1 541 ." It is probable that this prisoner was- 
 the William Tyrrel who, in the year 1534, wrote two- 
 letters, dated from Malta, and addressed to the Prior 
 of St. John of Jerusalem, in London. These letters 
 were written principally on the subject of Clemence 
 West, an English knight of the Order of St. John of " 
 Malta, who for some action, done by him contrary to 
 the regulations of the society, was degraded from the- 
 office which he held, but afterwards restored. It 
 seems probable that William Tyrrel was also a knight . 
 of this order. 
 
 12. — On the left of the fire-place, is the following • 
 inscription, — which is taken from the first Epistle of " 
 St. Peter — ** Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. 
 Fear God. Honour the King :" also the words . 
 *' Hope in God." This inscription was unfortunately - 
 so mutilated during the alterations of the room, when > 
 made into a messroom for the officers of the garrison, . 
 that the date is entirely lost, and the name so cut away, 
 that it is not possible to form any idea as to what it - 
 was ; and although it appears, from his inscription, 
 that he went forth from his confinement on the 14th 
 of September, yet, whether it was to liberty or to • 
 death, there are no means of ascertaining. 
 
14 
 
 13- — Over the fire-place, is the following interest- 
 ing inscription : — " The more suffering for Christ in 
 this world — ^the more glory with Christ in the next. 
 Thow hast crowned him with honour and glory, 
 
 Lord ! In memory everlasting He will be just. 
 Arundell, June 22nd, 1587." The unfortunate 
 Nobleman who left this interesting memorial of his 
 afflictions, was Philip Howard, Son of Thomas 
 Howard, Duke of Norfolk, (who was beheaded ini 5 7 3, 
 for aspiring to marry Mary Queen of Scots.) Philip 
 took the title of Earl of Arundell, in right of his 
 mother, Mary, daughter of Henry Fitzallen, Earl of 
 Arundell, who died in the year 1580, leaving no male 
 heirs. Philip being greatly attached to the Romish 
 Church, was, on that account, often brought into 
 trouble. The first time we read of his being confined 
 was in the year 1584, when he was accused of being 
 participator in a plot formed for the rescue of Mary 
 Queen of Scots, and ordered to remain a prisoner in 
 his own house. After being released from this re- 
 straint, finding that he had lost the Queen's favour, 
 (through the machinations of Leicester and others of 
 his enemies), he thought it would be best for him to 
 leave the country, and with this intention wrote a 
 letter to Her Majesty, wherein he says, ** Wherefore, 
 after I had safely escaped from these storms, and when 
 
 1 was clearly delivered from all my troubles, I began 
 to remember the heavy sentence which had lighted 
 upon those three of my ancestors which immediately 
 went before me." — The Earl then goes on to speak of 
 the trial, condemnation, and death of his father, 
 grandfather and great-grandfather, fearing that as they 
 were condemaed on such trivial and unjust causes. 
 
15 
 
 the like fate might fall upon him ; further stating 
 that he perceived how easily Her Majesty believed 
 any evil reports against him, that he was aware his 
 religion was considered dangerous to the state, and 
 as he knew from experience that innocence was not 
 a sufficient warrant to protect him in safety, he thought 
 it best to endeavour to save himself whilst he had 
 the opportunity. His Lordship, after entreating the 
 Queen to appeal to his enemies if they would not 
 have done likewise, adds that Her Majesty's dis- 
 pleasure would be more unpleasant to him than the 
 bitterness of other losses, and a greater grief than 
 the greatest of his misfortunes. The Earl had in- 
 tended that this letter should have been delivered to 
 the Queen upon his departure, but unfortunately it 
 fell into the hands of the ministry, and, (when on the 
 point of sailing), he was seized, through the treachery 
 of a servant, apprehended, and conveyed prisoner ta 
 the Tower, 1585. There he lay until the following 
 year, when he was brought to trial, and charged with 
 fostering priests and holding correspondence with 
 the Jesuits, upon which charges he was fined ten 
 thousand pounds, and imprisoned during the Queen's 
 pleasure. Having languished in prison until 1588, 
 he was again brought to trial, charged with several 
 offences against the Queen and State, (amongst 
 others, being privy to the bull by which the Pope 
 deposed the Queen and gave England to the Spaniards,) 
 and also that he caused Mass to be said for the 
 success of the Spanish Armada. Being found 
 guilty of these offences, he was condemned to suffer 
 death, but his life was spared by his Sovereign^ 
 although he was detained close prisoner in the 
 
16 
 
 Tower, where he passed the latter years of his life, 
 •occupied in devotional exercises. After his con- 
 demnation, he besought his judges to intercede with 
 Her Majesty that his wife might be allowed to visit 
 liim, bringing with her his infant son, who had been 
 Tjorn since his confinement, and whom, consequently 
 he had never seen. He was, however, even denied 
 this favour. Towards the end of his life Elizabeth 
 .appears to have been touched by some little feeling 
 .of compassion, as upon the renewal of his petition 
 she offered him liberty, the restoration of his titles 
 and estates, and also the company of his wife and 
 child, if he would forsake the religion for which he 
 Jiad so long suffered. He refused the conditions, 
 and was soon after called from the scene of his 
 .afflictions in this world, to receive the reward of his 
 virtues in a better. He died October 19th, 1595, 
 .being then in his fortieth year. The Earl was buried 
 in Saint Peter's Church within the Tower, but in 
 1624 his body was removed to Arundel Church, and 
 •there reinterred. A late duchess of the same family 
 .is said to have procured the skull, and to have had 
 it encased in gold, which she preserved as a relic of 
 a martyr to religion, and to stimulate her devotion. 
 
 14. — On the right of the fire-place is a device 
 bearing the name of " John Dvdley." This noble- 
 man was the eldest son of the Duke of Northumber- 
 land. During the reign of Edward the Sixth, John 
 Dvdle took the title of Earl of Warwick, and upon 
 the death of Edward, joined with his father's faction 
 in endeavouring to deprive Mary of the crown ; and 
 •upon her accession, in 1553, was tried with his 
 father, the Marquis of Northampton, and others, 
 
17 
 
 and received condemnation ; but being reprieved, he 
 died shortly afterwards i» his prison-room in the 
 Tower. The interesting device he has left consists of 
 hie fanvily's cognizance, the lion, and bear and ragged 
 staff, underneath which is his name, and the whole 
 is surrounded by a border consisting of oak spr?gs, 
 roses, geraniums, and honeysuckles, emblematical of 
 the Christian names of his four brothers, as appears 
 from the unfinished inscription written underneath. 
 
 *' Yow that these beasts do wel behold and se, 
 May deme with ease wherefore here made they be. 
 Withe borders eke wherein 
 4 brothers' names who list to serche the grovnd.** 
 
 The third line may be finished thus, " there may be 
 found" The names of his brothers were Ambrose, 
 Robert, Guildford and Henry; and as he evidently 
 alludes to them in the above lines, we may conjecture 
 that the *' A " in Acorns represents the initial letter 
 of Ambrose, who succeeded him in the Earldom, after 
 his liberation from the Tower in the year i55S« The 
 *'R" in Rose is evidently intended for Robert, of 
 whom an account is given in another part of this work. 
 The "G*' in Geranium agrees with the initial letter 
 of the name of the unhappy husband of Lady Jane 
 Grey. And the " H " in Honeysuckle is evidently 
 meant to represent Henry, the youngest of the five 
 brothers, who was set at liberty at the same time aa 
 Ambrose and Robert, and, after enjoying his freedom. 
 for a short period, was killed at the siege of St. 
 Quintins, in France, whither he had been sent ia 
 company with his brother Ambrose, and other noble- 
 men, to assist King Philip in the prosecution of hi«. 
 wars with that country, in the year 1558. 
 
18 
 
 Having described this device of the Earl of 
 Warwick, we will now finish our account of himself. 
 After the reprieve (of which mention has been made) 
 was sent, the Earl appears to have enjoyed many 
 privileges, as we read of his wife being W'ith him, and 
 of his being allowed to attend the church, favours 
 which were not generally granted to persons con- 
 demned for high treason ; but notwithstanding this 
 leniency, the high spirit of the Earl sunk under his 
 misfortunes. He died on the 21st of October, 1554. 
 
 15. — Under the last-mentioned device is the figure 
 •of a man in the attitude of prayer ; underneath is the 
 name ** Ro Bainbrige," which probably belonged 
 •to one of the members of the House of Commons; 
 •of whom, we read as having (during the year 1586) 
 •offended Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth, upon which 
 .grounds he was committed to the Tower, and 
 "imprisoned during Her Majesty's pleasure. 
 
 16. — On the left-hand side of the second recess 
 is a inscription, which may be translated as follows : — 
 " Grief is overcome by patience. G. Gyfford, 
 Avgvst 8th, 1586." During the above year there were 
 two Gyfford's confined in the Tower : one (G. Gyfi'ord) 
 a pensioner of Queen Elizabeth's ; the other a Doctor 
 Gyfford, who was concerned in Babington's con- 
 spiracy : but it is probable that this inscription was 
 left by the former, as not only the date, but the 
 initial letters also agree. 
 
 17. — ^To the right of the above is an inscription, 
 which has been partly cut away, but may be read as 
 follows: — "I.H.S. 1571 Die, loAprilis. Wise men 
 ought circumspectly to see what they do— to examine 
 before they speake — to prove before they take in 
 
19 
 
 hand — to beware whose company they use, and, above 
 all things, to whom they truste. Charles Bailly." 
 It appears from accounts that are given us by several 
 historians, that the unhappy young man who has left 
 us so many affecting memorials of his captivity, was 
 a native of Flanders. Being a firm adherent of Mary 
 ■Queen of Scots, he was, during her confinement in 
 this country, sent over to England, a. d. 1571, bear- 
 ing letters in cipher respecting the conspiracy formed 
 in her favour by some of the English and Scotch 
 nobility. His errand being suspected, he was seized 
 at Dover, and committed to the Tower, and the 
 packet of letters fell into the hands of Lord Cobham, 
 and was immediately dispatched to the council. 
 Shortly after Bailly's committal, he was put to the 
 rack, though without extracting anything material in 
 consequence ; but on Lord Burleigh making a pro- 
 mise that if he would confess he should be set at 
 liberty without discredit to himself, he was induced 
 to answer all his Lordship's questions. In con- 
 sequence of the disclosures made by Bailly, the Bishop 
 of Ross, with several others, were committed to 
 prison. In a letter dated from the Tower, October, 
 1571, Bailly humbly beseeches his Lordship "for 
 God's sake take pity upon him, a poor stranger and 
 prisoner," and, after giving a full account of all the 
 transactions in which he had been engaged, promises 
 never to serve any other but Her Majesty the Queen ; 
 if so be that his Lordship would give him hie liberty, 
 There is a probability that shortly after writing this 
 letter he was released, as we find no further mention 
 of him, neither any do inscriptions he has left bear 
 any later date than 1571. 
 
20 
 
 1 8. — On the right of the same recess we find an in- 
 teresting inscription, in which the author appears to 
 have been holding a conversation to himself, and from 
 the words of the inscription, we may conjecture that 
 he was a Roman Catholic, as he congratulates himself 
 on being nothing worse, and expresses himself as 
 being possessed of content, although it was joined 
 with disgrace. The words of the inscription are as 
 follows :— 
 
 ** Typpyng stand and here thy cross, 
 For thow art catholyke, bvt no worce, 
 And for that cavse this by-eer space, 
 Thow hast conteant wedin great disgrac; 
 Yet what happ will hitt I 
 Canot tel, bvt be death 
 Or be wel, content swet good." 
 
 This prisoner has left no date with his inscription, 
 but we find from the State papers that, in 1590, he 
 was a prisoner in the Tower ; as, by a warrant bear- 
 ing date 6th July, 1590, he was delivered over by 
 Sir Owen Hopton, then Lieutenant of the Tower, 
 into the custody of Michael Blount, Esq. There is 
 also the following entry : " James Typpinge was 
 delivered to the Marshalsie, by warrant from Her 
 Majestie's Hon. Counsel, bearing date at Greenwich, 
 the 7th dale of Julie, 1590, signed the late Lo. Chan- 
 cellor, Lo. Treasurer, Lo.Chamberlaine, Lo.Admirall, 
 Lo. Buckhurst, Sir Fr. Knowles, and Mr. Jo. Wolley. 
 
 19. — Outside the same recess, commencing at the 
 top, is the name of *' Jhon Store, Doctor," with the 
 date 1570. The prisoner by whom the above memorial 
 was inscribed in the wall of the State prison-room 
 
91 
 
 was educated at Oxford, being admitted E.C.L. in 
 1531, and created LL.D. in 1538. In the beginning 
 of the reign of Edward the Sixth, he fell into disgrace, 
 through his too great zeal in the cause of the Roman 
 Catholics, and being severely threatened for his 
 conduct, was obliged to withdraw into Flanders, 
 where he remained until the accession of Mary, whose 
 religious views being favourable to his profession, he 
 again returned into England, where he was quickly 
 placed in situations of greater dignity. Being made 
 Chancellor of Oxford, he employed himself very 
 actively in prosecuting the Protestants. In this cause 
 he is said to have been more cruel than even the 
 prelate Bonner ; behaving with the greatest barbarity 
 at the death of his victims. Of his cruelty a memorial 
 was given at his trial, when he was accused of being 
 the chief cause of the death of most of the martyrs, 
 and also of causing a burning faggot to be put in the 
 face of a woman who was singing a psalm whilst 
 burning, with many other cruelties besides those 
 enumerated. At the accession of Elizabeth, Store, 
 being a member of the House of Commons, spoke so 
 warmly against the Reformation, that he was com- 
 mitted to prison ; but finding means to escape, he 
 retired into Flanders, and was there placed in a 
 lucrative situation in the custom-house. His 
 behaviour giving offence to several English merchants 
 who frequently visited that port, and combining with 
 the remembrance of his prosecutions in the past 
 reign, determined them in the idea of being revenged, 
 and with this view they laid a snare in which he was 
 quickly caught. Having occasion to visit an English 
 ship then lying in the harbour, commanded by Parker, 
 
22 
 
 he had no sooner entered the ship than the hatches 
 were nailed down upon him, and Parker immediately 
 hoisting sail, in this manner brought him over to- 
 England, a.d. 1570. Being committed to the Tower, 
 he was (during his frequent examinations) pressed tO' 
 take the Oath of Supremacy, but steadfastly refused. 
 At his trial, several offences were brought against 
 him, amongst others, having spoken treasonable- 
 speeches against Her Majesty, and having instructed 
 the Duke of Alva's secretary how England might be 
 invaded. He was drawn on a hurdle from the Tower 
 to Tyburn, June ist, 1571, and executed, still assert- 
 ing the truth of the faith for which he suffered. 
 Store's death excited pity in some on account of his- 
 age, as he was then upwards of seventy, and his death, 
 appearing rather as the result of revenge than justice; 
 though it cannot be denied that he received the right- 
 ful punishment of bis crimes committed in former 
 years. 
 
 20. — Underneath Store's name is that of "Charles 
 Batlly," accompanied by the date 1571. (For 
 particulars, refer to No. 17.) 
 
 21. — Immediately underneath Bailly is the follow- 
 ing inscription : — " O Lord, whic art of heavn, King,. 
 grawnt gras and life everlasting to Miagh, thy servant 
 in prison, alone with ♦**♦** Tomas Miagh.** 
 Of this unfortunate person the following interesting 
 account is given by Mr. Jardine, in his valuable 
 treatise on the use of torture in the criminal law of 
 England. "Thomas Myagh was an Irishman, who 
 was brought over by the command of the Lord Deputy 
 of Ireland, to be examined respecting a treasonable 
 
•correspondence with the rebels inanns in that country. 
 The first warrant for the torture of this man was 
 probably under the sign manual, as there is no entry 
 of it in the council register. The two reports made 
 by the Lieutenant of the Tower and Dr. Hammond, 
 respecting their execution of this warrant, are however, 
 to be seen at the State Paper Office. The first of these, 
 which is dated the loth March, 15 80-1, states that 
 they had twice examined Myagh, but had forborne to 
 put him in Skevington's Irons, because they had been 
 charged to examine him with secrecy, which they could 
 not do, that manner of dealing required the presence 
 and aid of one of the jailors all the time that he should 
 be in those irons, and also because they found the man 
 so resolute, as in their opinions little would be wrung 
 out of him but by some sharper torture. The second 
 report, which is dated the 17th March, 1580, merely 
 states that they had again examined Myagh aad could 
 get nothing from him ; notwithstanding that they had 
 made trial of him by the torture of Skevington's Irons, 
 and with so much sharpness as was in their judgment 
 for the man and his cause convenient. How often 
 Myagh was tortured does not appear, but Skevington's 
 Irons seems to have been too mild a torture, for on the 
 30th of July, 158 1, there is an entry in the council 
 books of an authority to the Lieutenant of the Tower 
 and Thomas Morton, to deal with him with the rack, 
 in such sort as they should see cause." As no further 
 entry is made, neither any account given of this person 
 by our historians, so it is not possible to state for what 
 length of time his confinement continued, or whether 
 it was ended by liberty or death. 
 
Accompanying Miagh's inscription are the names 
 •* Lawrens Mylford, 1559," and " Wyllyam 
 DoLLARD, 1558 ; of whom, we are not able to make 
 satisfactorj mention. 
 
 22. — Below the inscription of Miagh is a mutilated 
 device, bearing upon it the name " William Rame;'* 
 of whom we have not been able to find any account, 
 and are, therefore, without a clue as to the cause of 
 his confinement. 
 
 23. — On the right of the same angle is the name 
 ** Henrye Cockyn, 1574.^ This person was con- 
 fidential agent to the Bishop of Rosse, and was 
 probably employed to carry messages between the 
 Bishop and other adherents of Mary Queen of Scots, 
 as the date corresponds with the period in which the 
 conspiracies in her favour were being carried on. 
 
 24. — Below Cockjm, is the name '* Edwarde 
 Smalley," (without date) of whom, we are unable to 
 give any account. 
 
 25. — Underneath the last-mentioned is a device 
 left by some person unknown. It consists of a shield 
 within a circle : on the shield are the arms of the 
 family of Ashficld, of Heythorpe. Agent : a trefoil 
 between three mullets : gules. Whether any of the 
 above family were imprisoned here, or whether these 
 arms were carved by some oth^r person, is uncertain. 
 
 26. — The next inscription is a long and interest- 
 ing one, by " William Rame , the words are as 
 follow . — ** Better it is to be in the howse of mornyng 
 then in the howse of banketing ; the harte of the wyse 
 
25 
 
 is in the morning howse : it is better to have some 
 chastening then to have over moche liberte. There 
 is a tyme for all things — a tyme to be borne and a tyme 
 to dye ; ande the daye of deathe is better then the daye 
 of berthe : there is an ende of all things, and the ende 
 of a thing is better then the begenin : be wyse and 
 pacyente in troble, for wysdom defendethe as well as 
 mony : vse well the tyme of prosperite, ande remem- 
 ber the tyme of misfortewn. xxii. die, Aprilis, Ano. 
 J 559- William Rame." We find no account of this 
 person given by any historian, neither is he men- 
 tioned in the council records ; we have, therefore, 
 no clue which will assist in forming a conjecture as 
 to the cause of his imprisonment, excepting the date 
 of his inscription. 
 
 27. — Below the memorial of W. Hame is one con- 
 sisting of the following words : — " Hit is the poynt 
 of a wyse man to try and then truste ; for hapy is he 
 whome fyndeth one that is just." It is accompanied 
 by the date 1578, and the initials **T. C." Thomas 
 Clarke, who, during his long captivity, inscribed the 
 above on the walls that may be said to have separated 
 him from the world, was undoubtedly a Roman 
 Catholic, and afterwards joined the Anglican Church, 
 as we find mention made of him (in Dodd) as having 
 preached his recantation sermon at St. Paul's Cross, 
 on the first of July, 1593 ; ^^^ whether this conver- 
 sion was in consequence of a sincere belief, or whether 
 it was caused by the severity of his confinement, 
 must for ever remain a matter for conjecture. 
 
 28. — The next inscription is another by Thomas 
 Clarke, as follows : — " T. C. I leve in hope and I 
 gave credit to mi frinde in time did ^ande me most© 
 
26 
 
 in hande so wovlde I never do againe, excepte I hade 
 hime sver in bande, and to al men, wishe, I so vnles 
 ye svssteine the leke lose as I do. Vnhappie is that 
 mane whose actes doth procverthe miseri of this hovs 
 in prison to indvre. 1576. Thomas Clarke." 
 
 29. — Underneath Clarke's inscription is one by 
 T. Miagh, consisting of the following words : — 
 
 *' Thomas Miagh whiche lieth here alon, 
 That fayne would from hens be gon ; 
 By tortyre straynge mi troyth was tryed, 
 Yet ofmylibertie denied. 1581. Thomas Myagh.*^ 
 
 (Refer to No. 21.) 
 
 30. — Immediately below Miagh's inscription is a 
 device by G. Gyfford, consisting of a coat-of-arms. 
 Argent : ten torteauxes placed in regular rotation of 
 four, three, two and one. On each side the shield 
 is the initial letter of his names, G. G. Date 1586 ; 
 and underneath, the words ** An evil concience makes 
 men fear even security." (Refer to No. 16.) 
 
 31. — ^To the right of the above device is one by 
 " Peverel," in the form of a horse-shoe, with the 
 following words round it : — *' We adore thee ;" and 
 the name, Thomas Peverel, underneath. Date isyi* 
 (Refer to No. 8.) 
 
 32. — Underneath PevereFs device is one consisting 
 of a shield : above the shield is the name ** R. Maleri,. 
 1558.** This Robert Maleri was in all probability the 
 author of the above device, and though there is no 
 account to be discovered of this person, yet, from 
 the date, we may conclude that he was in some way 
 
27 
 
 conceraed in some of the turbulent transactions 
 which occnred during the unhappy reign of Queen 
 Marjr. 
 
 33.— On the left of the loop-hole, in the third 
 recess, is an inscription left by Edmund Poole, con- 
 sisting of the following : " Ihs. Dio semin in lachrinis 
 in exiltitiane meter iE. 21, E. Poole, 1562." " He 
 who sows in tears shall reap in joy." There are many 
 interesting inscriptions in this room of Arthur and 
 Edmund Poole, who were the great grandsons of 
 George, the unfortunate Duke of Clarence, brother 
 of King Edward the Fourth. In the fourth year of 
 Elizabeth's reign, 1562, these unhappy young men 
 were unfortunately induced to join in a conspiracy 
 raised for the purpose of deposing Elizabeth, and 
 setting the Queen of Scotland upon the throne, but 
 upon being discovered the conspirators were im- 
 mediately apprehended and committed to the Tower. 
 The charges brought against them on their trial, were 
 first, conspiring the deposition of the Queen, and also 
 her death, and to set up the Queen of Scotland in her 
 stead ; of intending to raise an insurrection in this 
 realm ; and also of an intention to withdraw them- 
 selves into France and Flanders, to invite the nobility 
 of those countries to join in their enterprise, intend- 
 ing if they succeeded that Arthur Poole should im- 
 mediately be declared Duke of Clarence. The numer- 
 ous charges ending with the following declaration : 
 *• It is further found that the said Arthur Poole, and 
 other of the conspirators above-named, beinge left 
 behinde in Englande came into they sayed boate so 
 provyded ; and therein layed dyvers armures, certayn 
 munition for warre, and sommes of money, and other 
 
things necessarye for heirsayd journey ; and also 
 remayned in a certayn inn called the Dolphyn, for 
 opportunyty of time to be conveyed by the same boate 
 into the seyde hoye,and therein to be transported into 
 Flaunders, to the intents aforeseyd ; and hereuppon 
 the same indytemente concludeth with this effecte, 
 uppon all theis matters aforeseyd, layd together ; 
 that the seyd conspirators dyd compasse and ymag}'net 
 the deposynge, death, and fynall destruction of our 
 soveraigne ladye the Queen." Some of them con- 
 fessed their designs, but denied having any intention 
 of putting them into execution, during the Queen's 
 ' life; they were, however, found guilty and condemned 
 to suffer as traitors ; but the lives of the two Pooles 
 were spared, in consideration of their being of royal 
 blood, though they were kept in close confinement in 
 the Tower, where theylanguishedtherestoftheirlives. 
 
 34. — On the right of the same loop-hole is an in- 
 teresting device and inscription. It consists of a 
 shield surrounded by a circle ; above the circle the 
 name, **T. Salmon;" a crest formed of three salmons, 
 and the date 1622 ; underneath the circle, the motto 
 ** Nectemere. Nectimore." ** Neither rashly nor with 
 fear." Also a star containing the abbreviation of 
 Christ, in Greek, surrounded by the sentence, " Sic 
 vive vt vivas." *'So live that thou mayest live." 
 In the opposite corner are the words, "Etmorire ne 
 morieris." "And die that thou mayest die not." 
 Surrounding a representation of death's head, above 
 the device thus described, is the enumeration of the 
 months, weeks, days, and hours of his confinement. 
 Thus, " Close prisoner 8 monethes, 32 wekes, 224 
 dayes, 5376 hovres." Of the prisoner by whom the 
 
29 
 
 above memorial was inscribed we find no account in 
 any historian, neither is there any mention of his 
 committal or liberation in the State papers. 
 
 35. — On the right of the same recess, the name, 
 Thomas Clarke, is repeated. (Refer to No. 27.) 
 
 36. — Adjoining the above, we find the name 
 ■** Thomas Fovll, 1576." Of this person we find no 
 account, but probably he was concerned in the Irish 
 rebellion, which took place about the date of his 
 confinement. 
 
 37. — Near to Fovll is the name " Richard Ood, 
 1 58 1." Of whose history nothing is known. 
 
 38. — Outside the same recess, commencing at the 
 top, is a rude piece of sculpture, bearing the initials 
 "T. W. and P. A. :" the former, those of Thomas 
 Willyngar ; the latter, probably those of his mistress. 
 There are also, the words : — " Thomas Willyngar 
 "Goldsmythe, my hart is yovrs tel dethe." It is prob- 
 able that these words were addressed to the person 
 whose initials he has inscribed near to the bleeding 
 heart. On the left there is a rude representation of 
 Death with a dart in his left hand, and an hour-glass 
 in the right. This device is without date, so that we 
 have nothing by which we may with certainty trace 
 the offence which caused the confinement of Willyngar. 
 
 39. — Underneath the last device is the name "James 
 GiLMOR." In the first letter of his name is a repre- 
 sentation of " Death's head ;" by which figure, the 
 unfortunate prisoner probably wished to express the 
 dismal thoughts that filled his brain, during his dreary 
 confinement within the ancient walls of his celebrated 
 prison. 
 
80 
 
 4o. — Underneath Gilmore is a repetition of the 
 name ** Edwarde Smalley." 
 
 41. — Below the name of Smalley is the following: 
 inscription : — " No hope is hard or vayne that happ 
 doth us attayne. 1568." Probably left by one of 
 ihe Poole's. (Refer to No. 33.) 
 
 42. — Below the last inscription is a device with the 
 name ''Thomas Rooper. 1570 ;" and the following 
 inscription : — ** By the painful passage let us ]->ass to 
 the pleasant port." We find no certain account of 
 this prisoner, or the offence for which he was incar- 
 cerated within these walls ; but probably he belonged 
 to the family of the Roopers in Kent, one of whom 
 married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas More, the 
 Chancellor. We are also led to imagine that he was 
 a Roman Catholic, and for this cause was banished 
 the realm ; as during several years afterwards, the 
 Ropers are spoken of as the Queen's enemies, who 
 were then remaining abroad, and there is also a letter 
 from Dr. Parry to Lord Burleigh, in which he recom- 
 mends Mr. Thomas and Mr. John Roper as weli 
 worthy of his Lordship's good opinion, so that prob- 
 ably this was the Thomas Rooper who left the above 
 device and inscription. 
 
 43. — Underneath Rooper's device we find the name 
 "Edward Gyffyn. 1562." Of the owner of the 
 above name, we are not able to give particular 
 account ; but in the reign of Queen Mary, we read 
 of a Mr. Edward Gyffyn, being one of the jury at the 
 trial of Sir Nicholas Throgmorton — who, not finding 
 a verdict agreeable to Mary's desires, were imprisoned 
 in the Tower ; and, as the time of their liberation ib 
 
SI 
 
 no* stated, vre may be rio^ht in the conjecture tha^ 
 they languished in prison till after Elizabeth^ 
 accession ; and that the above name was left by the 
 unfortunate juryman. 
 
 44.. — Under GyfTyn's name we find a repetition of 
 *' William Beverig. 1562." (Refer to No. 10.) 
 
 45. — Adjoining the above is the name of" Geffrv* 
 Poole. 1562." Who, no doubt, was the Geffrye 
 Poole we read of during the reign of Henry VIII. a& 
 being so unnatural as to accuse his own brother, the 
 Viscount Montague, and several other noblemen, of 
 high treason. They were all apprehended upon his- 
 accusation and committed to the Tower, 1538. The- 
 charges brought against them were the intention tO' 
 depose King Henry and raise Cardinal Pole or Poole^ 
 to the throne. This Poole was of royal blood, being 
 by his mother a descendant of George, Duke of 
 Clarence. The unfortunate noblemen being upon 
 these charges arraigned, were found guilty, and con- 
 demned, Geffrye being the principal evidence against 
 them. They were beheaded on Tower Hill, on the 
 9th of January, 1539. Although Geffrye gained his 
 point in the condemnation of these noblemen, yet he 
 did not altogether escape the punishment due to his 
 crimes, being kept in close confinement in the Tower 
 until his death, which occured in the reign of 
 Elizabeth, some time after the period of the above 
 inscription. 
 
 46. — Below the last-mentioned is the name 
 " William Belmalar." Of whom we find no 
 account. 
 
82 
 
 47- — On the right of the same angle is a repetition 
 of the name " Edmund Poole." (Refer to No. 33.) 
 
 48. — Under the last-mentioned is the name *' Iane." 
 This name was probably inscribed on the wall of this 
 ancient room by Lord Guildford Dudley, as it is 
 evidently intended to represent his wife, The Lady 
 Jane Grey, whose unhappy fate is too well known in 
 history to need more than a slight comment in this 
 work, (being more fully explained in the quarto edition 
 work on this Tower.) Jane was the eldest daughter 
 of Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk ; and was united in 
 marriage very early in life to Guildford, fourth son of 
 John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland ; by whose 
 influence, she was raised to the throne. It was with 
 great difficulty Jane was induced to accept the title 
 of Queen, which she enjoyed only for the short period 
 of eleven days — her power being entirely subdued by 
 that of Mary, who detained Jane and her husband as 
 prisoners in the Tower. It is, however, uncertain 
 what her intentions were with regard to their ultimate 
 fate ; but a new rebellion having broken out, headed 
 by Jane's father, so exasperated her against them, 
 that she at once signed the warrant for their execution, 
 which took place on the 12th of February, 1554. 
 
 49. — On the left of the name Jane, is that of **B. 
 Labels." As there is no date left with this inscription, 
 there is a difficulty in ascertaining by whom it was 
 left, especially as we find that this room was tenanted 
 at different times by two persons of that name; but 
 as one of them appears to have been confined for a 
 very short period, it seems more probable, that it was 
 inscribed by one who was confined for some time in 
 
33 
 
 the years 1541-2. In the year 1540, Henry the Eighth 
 having married Catherine Howard, shortly afterwards 
 made a journey to York, with the intention of con- 
 ferring with his nephew, the King of Scotland. 
 Whilst he was absent on this errand, there were some 
 suspicious circumstances concerning the Queen's 
 conduct, discovered to Cranmer by one Lascels or 
 Lassels. This man informed the primate, that his 
 sister, having lived as servant with the Duchess of 
 Norfolk, (the Queen's grandmother), had told him 
 full particulars concerning the Queen's levity. 
 Cranmer immediately informed the King of these 
 discoveries, and Lascels was ordered to the Tower, 
 where hewas confined until sentence was passed upon 
 Catherine ; and it is probablethat during that con- 
 finement he inscribed his name on the walls of this 
 dreary prison. Catherine was beheaded on the 13th 
 of February, 1 542 ; but when the liberation of Lascels 
 took place is not stated. 
 
 50. — Under the name Jane will be seen that of 
 " Antony Tvchiner." We are unable to offer any 
 account of this person, as we do not find his name 
 recorded by any author. 
 
 51. — On the left of the last recess is a long and 
 interesting inscription, by ••Charles Bailly," as 
 follows: — "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of 
 wisdom." "LH.S.X.P.S." "Be frend to one— Be 
 ennemye to none." Anno d. 157 1, 10 Sept. "The 
 most vnhapy man in the world is he that is not pacient 
 in adversities ; For men are not killed with the adver- 
 sities they have, bvt with ye impacience which they 
 svffer." •' All who comes to attend." " The sighs are 
 the true testimonies of my anguish." Act 29th. Charles 
 
34 
 
 Bailly. " Hope to the end, and have pacience." (For 
 an account of this prisoner, refer to No. 17.) 
 
 52. — Under Bailly's inscription, is one by "Arthur 
 Poole," consisting of the following: — " IHS. A pas- 
 sage perillus makethe a port pleasant. Ao. 1568. 
 Arthur Poole. At. sue 37, A.P." (Refer to No. 33.) 
 
 53. — Under the above is an inscription by " Hugh 
 LoNGwoRTHE ; the words are : — ** I hope in the nd to 
 deserve that I wold have men. Novem. A 1573." The 
 person who inscribed the name Hugh Longworthe 
 with the accompanying words, was not a prisoner, if 
 we give credence to the accounts we receive of him. 
 It appears from different historians, that in the year 
 '573) being the 15th year of Elizabeth, a gentleman 
 of the name of Peter Bourchet, was possessed of the 
 idea that it was lawful to kill all who were opposed to 
 the truth of the Gospel, and on the nth of October, 
 in the above year, whilst under the influence of this 
 idea, he met Sir J. Hawkins, and mistaking him for 
 Hatton, then in great favour with Her ^lajesty, who 
 held contrary opinions to himself, he suddenly 
 assaulted him, and severely wounded him with his 
 dagger. In consequence of this attack, Bourchet was 
 apprehended and committed to theTower ; during his 
 confinement, one of his keepers, of the name of Hugh 
 Longworthe, sUid in the room with him, and whilst he 
 stood at^the ".indow reading the Bible, Bourchet 
 suddenly took a brand out of the fire, and struck the 
 unfortunate Longworthe on the head with such force, 
 that the brand penetrated his brain and killed him on 
 the spot. For this act Bourchet was tried at Westmin- 
 ster on the nth of November, and condemned to 
 
86 
 
 death, first having his hand struck off for striking a 
 blow in one of the Queen's palaces. He was after- 
 wards hung in the place where he had wounded Sir 
 J. Hawkins. The unfortunate Longworthe, who wa» 
 slain by this person, is supposed to have been the 
 man who left the above inscription. 
 
 54. — Below Longworthe's inscription is the name 
 "John Ireile, 1562." Of this person we find no 
 mention in history. 
 
 55. — Adjoining the above is an interesting device, 
 supposed to have been inscribed on the walls of the 
 room by Mr. Bannister, who was confined there in the 
 year 1573. Unfortunately this device was left in an 
 unfinished state, so that it is impossible to ascertain 
 what it was intended to represent, excepting on the 
 left, where there is an accurate representation of the 
 arms of the Family of Bank, in the county of Lanca- 
 shire ; being Argent : a cross patonee : sable. 
 
 56. — On the left of the loop-hole, in the same 
 recess, is an illegible inscription by *' Edmund 
 Poole," dated 1568 ; when it appears he had arrived 
 at the age of twenty-seven years. (Refer to No. 33.) 
 
 57. — On the right of the last recess is the follow- 
 ing interesting inscription, by Arthur Poole, two years, 
 after his committal to the Tower. "A. Poole, i 564, 
 IHS. To serve God — to endure penance — to obey 
 fate — is to reign." (Refer to No. 33.) 
 
 58. — Underneath the last-mentioned inscription is« 
 a piece of sculpture, in high relief, consisting of the 
 emblems of Justice and Time, with the representa- 
 tion of Death's head ; and underneath, the following 
 inscription: *' Thomas Bawdewin, 1585, Jvly. As 
 
36 
 
 vertve maketh life ; so sin cawseth death." Of this 
 prisoner we find no account in any of our historians. 
 
 59. — Underneath the inscription of Bawdewin, is 
 the name ** Waldram," which being without date 
 or further inscription, leaves us to conjecture the 
 offence of the unfortunate prisoner. 
 
 60. — Immediately under the name Waldram, is that 
 of "Thomas Fitzgerald." The nobleman who has 
 left the above inscription, as a memorial of his 
 unhappiness, was the eldest son of Gerald Fitzgerald, 
 ninth Earl of Kildare, and Lord Deputy of Ireland, 
 who being called to London to answer some accusa- 
 tions of his enemies, obtained permission from the 
 King to leave his son Thomas — the subject of the 
 present narrative — then only 20 years of age, but of 
 very quick and lively spirits, to act as deputy during 
 his absence, and thus departed, hoping shortly to 
 return ; but not having satisfactorily answered the 
 charges brought against him, was committed to the 
 Tower. Thomas receiving accounts pf his father's 
 imprisonment, and likewise a rumour of his death, 
 was so much exasperated that revenge alone occupied 
 his thoughts ; and in order to accomplish his designs, 
 he called together his five uncles, and so prepared 
 for open rebellion ; amongst other outrages, the 
 Archbishop of Dublin vvas slain in his presence. 
 His unfortunate father, who was still in the Tower, 
 upon hearing of this outrage, died of grief that his 
 son should have conducted himself in so barbarous a 
 manner. After this the King sent an army over to 
 Ireiand, when Thomas and his uncles were either all 
 taken prisoners or submitted, and were brought into 
 
37 
 
 En,i:land. Some of his uncles, having joined him 
 unwillingly, were in hopes of being spared, until 
 ihey heard the name of the ship in which they were 
 being conveyed over, and which was called the Cow; 
 when they began to despair, in consequence of their 
 belief in an ancient prophecy, which declared that 
 five sons of a certain earl should come to England in 
 the belly of a cow, and should never return. And so 
 the event proved, for their enemies so incensed the 
 King against them by saying there would never be 
 peace in Ireland whilst any of the family of the Fitz- 
 geralds were living, that he ai once condemned them 
 to sudor death ; and the nephew and his five uncles 
 were hanged and quartered at T) burn, in the }ear 
 1538. One only of the whole family escaped, he 
 being a youth of thirteen years of age, who fictl ijiio 
 France, from whence he was driven into Fhindcrs, 
 and afterwards into Italy, where he was proiecicd by 
 Reginald Cardinal Poole; and through his means 
 was afterwards restored to his patrimonal dignity. 
 The King was so much incensed by the escape of 
 Gerald Fitzgerald that he afterwards caused Leonard 
 Ore}', who was uncle to the unfortunate youth, to be 
 apprehended and condemned to death ; he was 
 beheaded on Tower Hill, in the latter part of the 
 year 1540. 
 
 61. — Underneath Fitzgerald's, is the name "Adam 
 Sedbar, Abbas Jorevalle." Abbot of the Monastery 
 of Joreval, or Jevaulx, in Yorkshire. Sedbar was 
 concerned in one of the rebellions raised in the year 
 1537, for the purpose of opposing the measures of 
 Henry VIII. Upen the suppression of this rebellion, 
 Sedbar was apprehended and committed to theTower, 
 
38 
 
 in company with the Abbots of Whalley, Sawley, and 
 others. Upon their trial, they received condemna- 
 tion and were executed at Tyburn, in June, 1537. 
 
 62. — ^To the right of the above is a rude piece of 
 carving : it consists of a Cross inserted in a Heart ; 
 underneath, within a circle, is a Death*s head, and 
 on each side a bone. In a niche adjoining, is a figure 
 in the attitude of prayer : next a shield, on which are 
 three Wheat Sheaves, (the armorial bearings of the 
 Peverel's.) The letters **REL"only, remain above 
 the shield, (Refer to No. 8.) 
 
 63. — On the left of the door-way, leading to the 
 small cells, is the name " W. Wodbvs." Of whom> 
 we find no mention in history. 
 
 64. — Close to the window-jamb, facing the east, is 
 the following inscription : — " This is a faithful saying, 
 and worthy of all acceptation — for, therefore, we both 
 labour and suffer reproach ; because we trust in the 
 living God, who is the Saviour of all men — specially 
 of those that believe. 1581." Beingunaccompanied 
 by name, it is impossible to ascertain by whom it 
 was left. 
 
 65. — On the left of the window-jamb is the follow- 
 inginscription: — ''LernetofeareGod;" accompanied 
 by the monogram "I.C.," and date 1538. The 
 history of the time of which the date is hore given, 
 is filled with accountsof rebellions and conspiracies ; 
 about that period the Irish Rebellions took place ; 
 the unfortunate Anne Buleyn and her friends were 
 imprisoned here ; and the infamous GefFreye Poole 
 brought forward his accusation, by which so many 
 were consigned to an untimely end. There can be 
 
$9 
 
 no doubt that the unfortunate owner of the above 
 monogram was in some way concerned in one of 
 those many disturbances, and that in this place he 
 met with the punishment due to his crimes, or felt 
 the arm of a tyrannical oppressor. 
 
 66. — Under the last-mentioned is an interesting 
 device in the form of a Bell : upon the bell is the letter 
 A, and above it the name "Thomas.** It is supposed 
 that this device was left byThomas Abel, and intended 
 to represent his name. This gentleman was a person 
 of great learning, who for some time, filled the part of 
 domestic chaplain to Catherine, of Arragon; whom he 
 served with great fidelity, and incurred the displeasure 
 of King Henry, by advocating her cause during the 
 progress of the divorce. Some time afterwards he had 
 the misfortune to offend a second time, by denying 
 the King's supremacy; upon which he was, with 
 several others, apprehended and brought to trial ; 
 having received condemnation, he suffered death on 
 the 30th July, 1540. 
 
 67. — Below the device of Abel, is the followingname 
 and date : — "Doctor Cooke, 1540. It is very prob- 
 able that the person who inscribed his name as above, 
 was Lawrence Cook, Prior of Doncaster; whom we 
 read of as being apprehended in 1540, for having 
 denied the King's supremacy. His attainder being 
 passed by Parliament, he received condemnation, and 
 was, accordingly, hanged and quartered at Tyburn, 
 the same year. 
 
 68. — On the right of the above is the name 
 "Thomas Cobham," and the date 1555. In the rebel- 
 lion of Sir ThomasWyatt, in the year 1 554,were joined 
 the three sons of Lord Cobham ; and, on the sup- 
 
40 
 
 pression of that rebellion, they, with many of the 
 other leaders, were committed to the Tower, on the 
 7th of February, 1554. Thomas (Lord Cobham's 
 youngest son, and the one who inscribed the above 
 name and date) was brought to trial and condemned, 
 but afterwards received pardon ; though we have no 
 guide as to the length of his confinement, excepting 
 the date of the above inscription. We however read 
 of a second imprisonment, to which he was subjected 
 in 1 57 1 ,with his brother and other noblemen, through 
 being concerned in the Duke of Norfolk's conspiracy, 
 to deliver Mary, Queen of Scots. 
 
 69. — On the right of the window-jamb is a 
 collection of interesting inscriptions and devices ; the 
 first of which, is an unfinished inscription in Italian, 
 translated thus : — "O unhappy man that I think 
 myself to be." It is without name or date, so that 
 nothing further can be said. 
 
 70. — Immediately underneath is the name ''John 
 Marten." The person who inscribed this name on 
 the walls of the prison-room, was arraigned for high 
 treason, in company with I. A. Bonney, H. Tooke, 
 and others, and committed to prison in May, 1794, 
 where he was detained until the 2nd of November ; 
 when he was tried at the Session House, Clerkenwell 
 Green, and being found guilty, was sent back to the 
 Tower. On the 27th of December, in the same year, 
 the Attorney-General sent a warrant for stopping all 
 further proceedings against the said John Marten, 
 and, also, for his liberation from the Tower, upon 
 giving security for his appearance when called upon. 
 This warrant was issued from the Council-chamber, 
 Whitehall ; signed by Loughborough, Chatham, Pitt, 
 
41 
 
 and others of His Majesty*s Commissioners, and 
 addressed to the Marquis of Cornwallis, then 
 Governor of the Tower. Notwithstanding this 
 warrant, Marten was not liberated at that time — as 
 we find a petition from him against the treatment he 
 experienced from His Majesty's servants in detaining 
 him close prisoner, although he had received pardon. 
 The petition is dated from the Tower, January ist, 
 
 '795- 
 
 7 1 .—Under Marten, we find the words ** Lancaster 
 Herald," and the name "Francis Evla." Of 
 Mhom, no account can be discovered. 
 
 72. — To the left of the above inscription is a shield, 
 bearing the arms of some unknown person. Perfess : 
 a pale : three milrinds, two and one : and as many 
 demi-lions, one and two. 
 
 73. — Adjoining this shield, on the left, is the name 
 "John Seymor, 1553." This John Seymor was a 
 £rm friend and adherent of Edward Seymor, Duke of 
 i5omerset, uncle to Edward VI. He was arrested 
 with the Duke and many other of his friends, on the 
 17th of October, 1551, and committed to the Tower, 
 on charges of high treason. The Duke was executed 
 on Tower Hill, on the 22nd of January, the follow- 
 ing year ; and shortly afterwards, four of his friends 
 suffered. Arundel and Stanhope were beheaded: 
 Vane and Partridge hung. Most of the others 
 received pardon — and probably Seymor, amongst 
 their number ; though it appears he was kept in the 
 Tower for some time, as his inscription bears the date 
 J553. 
 
 74 — Underneath the name Seymor, are the letters 
 "^I.C, 1538," accompanied by the following, which 
 
42 
 
 may be translated thus I — *' Take again wisdom, and 
 he shall arm you." 
 
 75. — To the right of the above is a piece of carving, 
 which represents an Oak Tree bearing Acorns ; and 
 underneath, the initials " R.D." In all probability 
 those of Robert Dudley, the favourite Earl of 
 Leicester. (Refer to No. 2.) 
 
 76. — Adjoining the device of Dudley, is the name 
 ** Thomas Steven," and to the right of Steven, that 
 of ** James Rogers." Both these names being left 
 without date, or further inscription, we are not able 
 to furnish any account of their owners. 
 
 77. — Immediately below the above names is the 
 following inscription, which may be translated as 
 follows : — " Will be faithful. Inggram Percy. 
 1537." Inuring the year 1537, being the twenty- 
 eighth of Henry the Eighth, we read of several 
 rebellions in different parts of the country, caused 
 through the great dislike that was generally felt to 
 the alterations that were being introduced in the 
 religion of the country, which were not disagreeable 
 to the feelings of the common people alone ; but 
 many of the nobility also united in opposing the 
 oppressions of the King. In the latter part of the 
 above year, several of the northern gentlemen joined 
 in a conspiracy to oppose the measures that were 
 then being passed, amongst others, were the two 
 sons of Henry, the fifth Earl of Northumberland, 
 Thomas and Inggram Percy. This rebellion was 
 quickly suppressed, and the authors of it apprehended. 
 Thomas Percy was condemned and executed at 
 Tyburn the same year ; but Inggram, (the author of 
 the above inscription,) after being in confinement 
 
48 
 
 for a short time, was liberated ; and died in the latter 
 end of the following year, 153S. 
 
 78. — To the left of Ing-gram Percy is an inscrip- 
 tion, which may be translated as follows : — " The 
 word of the Lord remains ;" accompanied by the 
 name and date, ** John Prine, 1568." This person 
 is said to have been a Romish Priest, confined dur- 
 ing the reign of Elizabeth, for adhering to the Romish 
 Plots against her Government, 
 
 79. — Near to the inscription last-mentioned is a 
 Branch of Oak, with two Acorns ; underneath are the 
 words, translated thus : — " I am waiting for my 
 liberty;" with the date 1587; and a monogram, 
 which is composed of the letters corresponding with 
 the name " Arundel." In the reign of Edward IV., 
 the acorn was the badge of the family of the Fitzalan's ; 
 and as Philip Howard succeeded to the titles of that 
 family, in right of his mother, we may reasonably 
 conjecture, from all the circumstances combined, 
 that the above device was left by that unfortunate 
 Nobleman. (Refer to No. 13.) 
 
 80. — Underneath the last-mentioned is the name 
 "France Owdal, 1541." Adjoining the name is a 
 Coat-of-Arms. Argent, a cross moliere, gules ; 
 quartering, a fret bar. Who this Owdal was, it is 
 impossible to know with certainty ; but about the 
 period of this inscription, there was a Francis Uvedal, 
 son of William Uvedal, of Moreaitchell. This Francis 
 married the daughter of Lord Zouch, of Harring- 
 worth ; but whether he was the same with Francis 
 Owdal, it will be difficult to ascertain. 
 
 8 1 . — ^To the left of Owdal, is an inscription, which 
 being translated, reads thus: — " In God is my hope;** 
 
44 
 
 and bears the name " Page." It appears that this 
 prisoner studied the municipal laws in England and 
 afterwards went abroad, and being ordained priest, 
 returned into his own country as a missionary ; after 
 residing here for some time he was seized and 
 imprisoned in the Tower for receiving orders ; and 
 being tried was condemned to suffer death, which 
 condemnation was carried into execution at Tyburn, 
 in the year 1601. At his trial he pleaded that the law 
 did not reach him, being a reputed alien, born at 
 Antwerp. Not being able to produce his proofs 
 immediately, no time was allowed him to prove the 
 truth of what he alleged, so that his plead was over- 
 ruled. He was not the only one who suffered for his 
 cause, as Mrs. Line, a widow lady with whom he 
 resided, was condemned to suffer death for enter- 
 taining him. We do not find that Page was ever 
 admitted into the order of Jesuits, although there can 
 be no doubt he was a zealous Romanist, if we con- 
 sider the circumstances of his execution and the time 
 when it occurred. 
 
 82. — Immediately underneath Owdal, is the name 
 ** Ravlef Bvlmar, 1537." '^^^s prisoner was of an 
 ancient and respectable family in the North ; and 
 probably was concerned in the northern rebellion, in 
 the above year. This idea is supported by the fact 
 of his brother, Sir J. Bulmer, being one of the 
 principal leaders in connection with the rebellion. 
 This insurrection being suppressed, the chief of the 
 conspirators were lakca and executed ; but as we do 
 not find any mention of the execution of Ravlef 
 Bvlmar, it is probable that, after a short confinement, 
 he was liberated, he not having taken a leading part 
 in the insurrection. 
 
83. — Below the inscription of Bulmar, is the name 
 and date: "George Ardern, 1538." Of thia 
 person, we find no account in history. 
 
 84. — To the left of Ardern, is the following inscrip- 
 tion: ''John Colleton, Prist, 1581, Ivly 22." This 
 John Colleton was the son of Edmund Colleton, and 
 was born at Milverton, Somerset ; he was sent to the- 
 University of Oxford in the year 1565, being then in 
 his 1 7th year ; after staying in the university for six 
 years, he left, bearing with him a good character both 
 for conduct and learning. Being of a religious dis- 
 position, he had some idea of becoming a Carthusian^ 
 but after making a trial of it for eleven months, found 
 it ill suited to his health, and proceeded no further^ 
 He was now admitted into the English College at 
 Douay, and was ordained priest, 1576, having made- 
 considerable progress in the study of divinity ; and 
 being sent on a mission into England, his first visit 
 was to his father, with whom he so earnestly pleaded 
 for his conversion, that before he left he had the 
 satisfaction of seeing him reconciled to the Romish 
 Church. He still continued in his labours until the 
 year 1 581, when he was taken prisoner and committed 
 to the Tower ; after which he was tried with Campian 
 and others, for conspiring against the Queen and 
 government, but Colleton was acquitted, in conse- 
 quence of some discrepancy as to time and place, but 
 notwithstanding this acquittal he was detained 
 prisoner in the Tower for three years, when he was- 
 banished in company with several others. In 1587 
 he returned into England, living chiefly in London? 
 and Kent. In 1610 Colleton was again placed in con- 
 finement on account of the oath of allegiance. In 
 
46 
 
 1623 he was appointed Vicar-General to the Bishop 
 ofChalcedon. His death occurred in 1635, being 
 then eighty- seven years of age, having spent the 
 latter years of his life with Mr. Roper, of Eltham, in 
 Kent. His upright conduct gained him esteem, not 
 only from those of his own religion, but also from the 
 moderate portion of the opposing party ; the King 
 himself placed great confidence in his testimony, in 
 matters relating to the Romanists. He was the 
 author of several works, amongst others, a Suppli- 
 cation to his Majesty for Toleration, also, a Just 
 Defence of the Slandered Priests. 
 
 85. — Under the above is a repetition of the name 
 *' Iane." (Refer to No. 48.) 
 
 86. — On the outside of the right window-jamb is 
 an inscription, of which, the translation reads thus : — 
 •' To whom you tell the secret, is at liberty. Richard 
 Blovnt, 9 July, A 1553." We are not able to give 
 any account of this person, as we find no mention of 
 his name in history. 
 
 87. — Underneath the inscription of Blovnt, will be 
 seen the following inscription : — "Eagremond 
 Radclyffe, 1576. To arrive at." This prisoner 
 was the son of Henry and Anne, Earl and Countess 
 of Sussex. Being of the Romish religion, he joined 
 in the northern rebellion, in the year 1569, and was 
 proscribed for high treason, with several other 
 Noblemen ; but escaped for that time, by leaving the 
 country and taking refuge in Spain. After wander- 
 ing about for some years, he ventured, in 1575, to 
 return into England, thinking that the animosities 
 of his enemies would have subsided ; but, in this 
 
AT * • Ti • 1 • » 
 
 ^f J , '■ J ^ 
 
 expectation he was deceived, being committed to the 
 Tower, where he was detained for several years, and 
 finally banished the realm : he then entered the 
 service of Don John, of Austria, whose death he was 
 shortly afterwards accused of conspiring, and was, 
 upon this charge, executed in 1578, protesting his 
 innocence to the last, 
 
 88. — ^As you leave the state prison-room and enter 
 the small cells, on the left of the recess, is the name 
 "James Gilmor, 1569.** Judging from the date, it 
 is probable that this was one of the many persons 
 implicated in the northern rebellion of that year. 
 
 89. — Underneath the name Gilmor, is the name 
 "Thomas Talbot, 1462/' Who was most probably 
 the Thomas Talbot, son of Sir Edward Talbot, whe 
 is mentioned as assisting in- the capture of King 
 Henry VI., in 1464, (after the battle near Level's 
 Plain, Hexham,) who being at Dinner at Waddington 
 Hall, Lancaster, was there found by Talbot, and by 
 him placed on horseback, with his legs tied under 
 the horse's belly ; and in that ignominious manner 
 carried to London, and committed to the Tower. 
 This Talbot was no doubt concerned in the wars of 
 the Roses, and during the many fluctuations of those 
 wars, eommitted to the Tower, when the fortunes of 
 his party were on the decline, during which confine- 
 ment, he no doubt inscribed the above name and 
 date. 
 
 90. — On the right side of the loop-hole, opposite 
 to the above name, is a device, consisting of a Cross, 
 and upon the Cross a representation of Our Saviour. 
 The person who left the above, has, unfortunately, 
 left it without name or date ; so that there is nothing 
 
iS 
 
 to assist us in forming a conjecture as to the con- 
 dition of the person, or for what oflfence he was 
 confined in the Tower. 
 
 91. — On leaving this interesting room, and 
 ascending the steps, there is an inscription to be seen 
 on the right of the first loop-hole, of which the 
 following is a translation : " It is a reproach to be 
 bound in the cause of sin ; but to sustain the bonds 
 of prison, for the sake of Christ, is the greatest glory. 
 Arundell, 26th of May, 1587." This inscription 
 was left by Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel. (Refer 
 to No. 13.) 
 
 Having finished our progress round this interesting 
 room, and arrived at the place from whence we 
 commenced our round of examination, we may 
 ponder over what we have seen, and conjure up, in 
 our imagination, the forms of the unfortunate 
 prisoners with whose productions we have so lately 
 been occupied : productions which are the more in- 
 teresting to us, inasmuch, as we know they constituted 
 the employment by which their unfortunate authors 
 beguiled the tedious hours of their dreary captivity ; 
 or, perhaps, strove to drown the remembrance that 
 in a few short hours they must prepare to meet an 
 untimely end, often accompanied by circumstances 
 of the most refined cruelty. How much have we not 
 to be thankful for, that our lot was not cast in those 
 days of darkness and barbaiity ; but that it has 
 pleased an AUwise Creator to give us existence in am 
 age when our land has received the blessings of 
 enlightenment, and such things are remembered 
 only by name. 
 
 London :— . 
 C. A. Grammer, Printer, 8, Princes Street, Little Queen 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 LOAN DEPT. 
 
 RENEWALS ONLY— TEL. NO. 642-3405 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 W., 
 
 on the date to which renewed. ^ 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recalL jm | 
 
 ^^Uimh 
 
 mm DEC 1 31990 
 
 ill! 
 iiiiil 
 
 1:1 
 
 ill 
 
 iiiiii 
 
 ill!!! 
 
 .:r.,i 
 
 iiliji 
 
 -ONS 4ii 
 
 LD 21A-38m-5,'68 
 (J401slO)476B 
 
 General Library 
 
 University of California 
 
 Berkeley 
 
W.i 
 
 :?/ 
 
 UNI\/ERSITY OF CAUFORNIA UBRAR