Clarendon §uss Btx'us 
 
 XENOPHON 
 
 CYROPAEDIA, BOOKS IV, V 
 C. BIGG 
 
 a
 
 ITonbon 
 
 HENRY FROWDE 
 
 Oxford University Press Warehouse 
 Amen Corner, E.C.
 
 €hxm^an IJr^ss Smes 
 
 XENOPHON 
 
 CYROPAEDIA, BOOKS IV, V 
 
 W/TB INTRODUCTION AND NOTES 
 
 BY 
 
 C. BIGG, D.D. 
 
 Formerly Seiiior Student of Christ CIntrch, Oxford 
 
 Second Edition 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 
 
 MDCCCLXXXVI 
 
 \ All rights reserved "[
 
 • •• t
 
 C 7- 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The text followed in this Edition is that of L. Dindorf 
 (Teubner, 1874). I have made a few slight alterations 
 in the punctuation, but otherwise I have departed from 
 Dindorf only in the following five passages : — 
 
 IV. 2. 23. The two best MSS. GA have the impossible 
 reading 7), av rt decofxai, ojs xp^H-'ii- Dindorf brackets 
 as, but the grammar makes it necessary to omit § with 
 Sauppe and Breitenbach. 
 
 V. 2. 8. fl eKel nXfla-Ta ecmv A : exet TrXelcTTd icrriv G : 
 ev § Koi TrXeiora eVnv G marg. m. rec. I have followed 
 Sauppe in adopting Poppo's emendation el Kal nXe'ta-Td 
 ea-Tiv. Dindorf brackets the words as an interpolation. 
 
 V. 2. 37. aye fjnas evdv rr]v en\ Bal3v'Ka>vos MSS. Dindorf 
 
 brackets rfjv eni, but Cobet (Novae Lectiones, p. 387) 
 condemns the words on such strong grounds that 
 I have ventured to strike them out, although Sauppe 
 considers them genuine (see his Annotatio Critica, 
 p. xxxvi). 
 
 V. 4. 37. I have written aavTO) with Breitenbach. eavra 
 is obviously wrong, though both Sauppe and Dindorf 
 have it. There is no notice of any variation of reading 
 in any one of the three editions. 
 
 V. 5. 2. Kva^apj] rjv. AG, Sauppe, Breitenbach : fjv 
 Kva^dprj. D, Dindorf. 
 
 Idz'd. ra yvvaiKa . . . ravTrj AG, Sauppe, Breitenbach : 
 rw yvvaiKe . . . avrais. D, Dindorf But a comparison 
 with IV. 6. II makes it clear that only one woman is 
 meant, and it is surprising that Breitenbach, who 
 while he agrees with Sauppe as to the text agrees 
 with Dindorf as to the sense, should not have seen 
 this. 
 
 ui Full information on all points concerning the criticism 
 e/3 of the text will be found in the appendix of Breitenbach 
 
 (3rd ed., Teubner, 1878) and the introduction of Sauppe 
 
 (Tauchnitz, 1865). 
 
 401375
 
 VIU PREFACE. 
 
 commentary is my own. It will be found, I hope, not 
 ill-adapted to the needs of the boys for whom it is in- 
 tended. A good deal of help has been given in the way 
 of translation, but a careful teacher will not find this 
 a drawback. 
 
 In quotation from Grammars the usual difficulty has 
 been felt. It is impossible to guess what Grammar will 
 be in the hands of those who may use this book. I have 
 referred to Goodwin's valuable Greek Moods and Tenses, 
 to the same scholar's Elemenlary Greek Grammar, to Jelf, 
 and to Kriiger. The last book exists only in German, 
 and all references to it can therefore be serviceable only 
 to the teacher. But I have always been careful to give 
 a summary of what is actually said upon any point in 
 the work quoted. As to illustrative and parallel passages, 
 my object has been to insert in the Notes as many as 
 possible without overtaxing the student. Generally a 
 translation is given of the passage cited, according to 
 the useful practice of Mr. Goodv/in. 
 
 The only other works to which it is necessary to direct 
 special attention here are the History of Antiquity by 
 Professor Max Duncker (Mr. Abbott's translation, Bentley, 
 1882), which has been freely drawn upon for the purposes 
 of the Introduction ; and the well-known Jewish Church 
 of Dean Stanley, where will be found an interesting 
 sketch of the character of Cyrus and the Fall of Babylon. 
 For information on points of Geography I have been 
 indebted to the excellent litde Matiual 0/ A?icient Geo- 
 graphy by Kiepert (English translation, Macmillan and 
 Co., 1881). 
 
 C. BIGG. 
 Oxford, 
 September, 1883
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Cyropaedia professes to be an account of the life 
 and exploits of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian 
 Empire. Cyrus is one of the most conspicuous and interest- 
 ing figures in history. His exploits had changed the destiny 
 of the whole East and deeply affected the current of affairs 
 in Greece itself for nearly two centuries, and a Greek historian 
 could find few worthier subjects for his pen than a career so 
 remarkable and so fruitful in great results. But the motives 
 which led Xenophon to undertake the composition of the 
 Cyropaedia were those of the political philosopher rather 
 than of the historian. ' I have often been amazed,' he tells 
 us in his opening sentence, ' to notice how many democracies 
 have been pulled down by those who wished to live under 
 some other form of government, how many monarchies, how 
 many oligarchies, have been overthrown by popular move- 
 ments, how tyrants have either been dethroned immediately, 
 or, if they succeeded in maintaining their power for even 
 a brief space of time, have been regarded as prodigies of 
 wisdom and good-fortune.' Yet the brute creation are 
 amenable to the guidance of human reason. The sheep 
 obey the shepherd. Why then should man be more difficult 
 to govern than the lower animals ? Xenophon states the 
 question in its crudest and most superficial form, but the 
 feeling is that which embittered Thucydides and Aristo- 
 phanes against Cleon, and the problem is that which Plato 
 endeavoured to solve in the Republic. 
 
 Xenophon found the answer in the solidity and per- 
 manence of the Persian Empire. While Athens had been 
 passing with feverish rapidity through every conceivable 
 form of constitution, from the despotism of Pisistratus to 
 the licence of unlimited democracy, the Persian state had
 
 X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 faithfully retained the impress of its founder's hand. While 
 the Greek states contrived only with the extremest difficulty 
 to preserve some tolerable degree of order, each among its 
 own little band of citizens, the Great King maintained his 
 authority with a firm and prosperous hand from the Medi- 
 terranean to the Caspian and the Indus. It is strange that 
 an Athenian, a disciple of Socrates, a soldier who had himself 
 probed the weakness of this huge unwieldy mass, should 
 have allowed himself to be so dazzled and confounded by 
 the pomp of its apparent unity. Perhaps, had he dared, 
 Xenophon would have found his ideal nearer home on the 
 banks of the Eurotas. But an Athenian who had ventured 
 openly to praise the Spartan ways as a model for imitation 
 would at any time have been regarded as a traitor, much 
 more now when Lysander's insolent triumph was still fresh 
 in men's minds, and Epaminondas had shown, on the field 
 of Leuctra, that the system of Lycurgus did not necessarily 
 succeed even in the one object for which it sacrificed so 
 much. It was thus that Xenophon came to fix his eyes 
 upon Cyrus. 
 
 He divides the life of his hero into three sections, his 
 education as a boy in the strict discipline of the Persians, 
 his training as a youth at the court of his uncle Astyages 
 king of Media, and his achievements in mature life as the 
 founder and organiser of a vast empire. The first two 
 divisions are the shorter, filling together but one book out 
 of eight. But they contain the answer to the questions 
 which Xenophon regarded as of supreme importance to all 
 civilised men. Those questions are two. Who is the best 
 Ruler and who the best Subject ? How are men taught 
 I'ipXfcrdat Koi (ip)(fiv ? Who is that Sovereign whom men obey 
 by a natural instinct, as 'bees follow their king,' and how is 
 it that men may find their happiness and interest, not in 
 anarchy and self-assertion, but in loyalty, reverence, and 
 subordination .'' Hence the first Book has given its name 
 to the whole eight, and the work is known to us as the 
 Education of Cyrus. 
 
 Cyrus was the son of Cambyses king of the Persians, and
 
 INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 Mandane daughter of Astyages king of the Medes. By his 
 father's side he was descended from Perseus, the son of 
 Zeus, by his mother's he was near to the succession of the 
 kingdom of Media, for Cyaxares the son of Astyages had 
 a daughter but no son. His figure was the perfection of 
 manly beauty ; his temper was benign, intelHgent, and ardent. 
 Royal by birth and royal by nature he needed yet a fitting 
 discipline, and nowhere was this so admirably provided for 
 as in his own country. All Persians, Xenophon tells us, were 
 free and equal, but the path to all honours or employments 
 of State lay through a long and arduous course of training. 
 As boys, up to the age of seventeen, they attended public 
 schools, ' learning justice as amongst us they learn letters.' 
 Here, under teachers specially appointed from among the 
 elder men, they were trained in the rigid observance of the 
 great moral duties, especial care being taken to enforce the 
 utmost simplicity and frugality of diet. 'They take their meals 
 not with their mothers but with their masters ; they bring 
 with them from home bread and cresses, and a jug in which 
 to draw water from the neighbouring stream.' On leaving 
 school the young Persian was enrolled among the youths 
 (e0r;3oO. While in this class he slept in the Market-place 
 of the Freemen, ready always to obey on the instant the 
 call to service His duties were to aid the magistrates in 
 maintaining order, to pursue and arrest criminals, to defend 
 towns ; his recreation was the chase ; his food was still 
 that of the boys, with the occasional addition bf such game 
 as he had captured upon the mountains. Ten years later, at 
 the age of twenty-seven, he became a man (reXetos nvrjp). 
 On entering this class he threw aside the hunter's bow and 
 javelin for the cuirass, the shield (yippov), and the sword or 
 axe {kottis), which were the distinctive weapons of the Persian 
 foot-soldier (the ayyjf^ax<i oVXa). From this class were 
 chosen all magistrates, e.xcept the schoolmasters of the boys. 
 Twenty-five years was the appointed time for active service. 
 At the age of fifty-two the Persian was enrolled among the 
 elders (yepairepoi), who were no longer liable to military 
 service beyond the borders of their own land, but acted as
 
 xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 judges, elected to all ofifices of state, and exercised a cen- 
 sorial jurisdiction over the discipline of the commonwealth. 
 Those who had undergone this training were the Peers 
 (6/ioTt/xoi). The schools and the subsequent stages were 
 open to all without distinction. But there were many who 
 from poverty were unable to pass through the whole course. 
 These, as well as any who had been expelled from the 
 schools or higher grades for misconduct, formed a lower 
 class, excluded from all magistracies, and bound to serve 
 in the army as light-armed troops. If we may judge from 
 the proportions in the army of Cyrus, in which Xenophon 
 tells us there were looo Peers and 30,000 archers, peltasts, 
 and slingers, we may suppose that the Peers formed about 
 a thirtieth part of the adult male population. They were 
 in fact a sort of order of chivalry, open to any youth ot 
 spirit and character who liked the roving adventurous life 
 of a soldier, and was not actually compelled by circum- 
 stances to earn his bread by the labour of his hands. 
 
 Such was the training by which the character of the 
 Persian warrior was moulded. He is depicted in the Cyro- 
 paedia as simple, hardy, and brave, quick in responding to 
 all appeals to his justice or his generosity, free of speech 
 and thought, yet loyal to his chief, courteous to his equals, 
 and kindly to all men. But for the ideal king this training 
 was not sufficient. He must be tested as gold in the fire 
 by temptations from which common natures should be 
 screened. Accordingly at the age of twelve we read that 
 Cyrus was taken by his mother to the court of her father As- 
 tyages, where he spent the next four years of his Hfe. Here, 
 at that most critical age of opening manhood, when the final 
 choice between virtue and vice is often made, the young 
 prince found himself lapped in all the charms of despotism. 
 Here were unlimited wealth, unlimited power, insatiable 
 appetites, boundless means of enjoyment. The Median 
 court is represented to us as a scene of wantonness and stiff 
 ceremonial, the chief figures in which are the old king with 
 wig and rouge and painted eyes, gorgeous in purple and 
 gold, and his chief butler, who, by the comeHness of his
 
 INTRODUCTION. xiii 
 
 person and the graceful address with which he hands the 
 wine-cup ' with three fingers,' has risen to the chief place 
 in his master's favour. Through this ordeal the young 
 prince passes unscathed. He wins the affection of all, even 
 of the chief butler, by his frankness, and sweetness, and 
 courage. He retains the simplicity of his character un- 
 impaired, only becoming graver and less talkative as his 
 years advance. His favourite amusement was the chase, 
 and once, on the occasion of an Assyrian raid, he signalised 
 himself by his aptitude for command in war. At the age 
 of sixteen he was recalled by his father, and the whole 
 nobility of Media, with the old king at their head, attended 
 him on his way out of the city, parting from him with tears 
 and embraces. Arrived at home he fell at once into his 
 natural place among the youths, submitting himself to the 
 lawful officers, and serving the appointed time on an equal 
 footing with the other Peers of his age. 
 
 Cyrus has now reached mature manhood. He has made 
 his choice. He is ambitiqus, but with a noble ambition ; 
 the crown he aspires to is that not of a despot but of a 
 king, a king of the ancient patriarchal type, who rules in 
 obedience to the unwritten law of his country, over free men 
 and not over slaves, by the divine power of a superior nature 
 and not by force. Xenophon contrasts him, not without 
 skill, with the pompous but kindly Astyages, with the weak 
 and luxurious Cyaxares, and with the morose and brutal 
 king of Assyria. These are true Oriental despots of the 
 sensual or of the savage type ; but Cyrus is the father and 
 shepherd of his people. We are called upon to admire his 
 personal daring, his calculating strategy, his politic gener- 
 osity to the conquered, the humanity with which he tempers 
 the horrors of war, the calm resolution with which he 
 pushes forward, never intoxicated by success yet never 
 stopping short of his goal. He is shrewd and adroit, not 
 unwilling to profit by treason, but not systematically base 
 or underhand. He knows how to rebuke without offending, 
 how to direct and enlighten the headstrong zeal of a subor- 
 dinate without quenching his ardour. He moves among his
 
 Xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 captains like King Arthur among the Knights of his Round 
 Table, now admonishing them with the loving firmness of 
 an elder brother, now in a tone half-serious, half-playful, 
 drawing wise maxims from the circumstances of the passing 
 hour.^ The fault of the character is no doubt that it is a 
 little too benignant^ a little too didactic. It is Socrates that 
 we seem to hear discoursing with Gobryas on the beauty 
 of simplicity, or with Araspas on the power of love. Wc 
 miss the force_and__fir£_o.f the conqueror, the voice as of 
 a trumpet, and the iron will. Aristotle tells us in his 
 Poetics that the characters of Drama — and the same rule 
 applies to the characters of Romance — should be true to life, 
 and neither faultlessly perfect nor irredeemably bad. Xeno- 
 phon's Cyrus seems to offend against boththese canons. 
 He is not what a great soldier king ought to be, he has not 
 what Victor Hugo calls 'the smell of the lion.' And he is 
 much too good : he has the delicate hands of the student ; 
 and a student dressed up in armour is in the wrong skin, and 
 strikes the reader as insipid. He is like Tennyson's King 
 Arthur, or, to take an instance from real life, he is like 
 M. Antoninus. Both these characters are beautiful, but not 
 with the beauty that their circumstances require. Mr. 
 Carlyle has written a history with the same purpose as the 
 Cyropaediuy the Life of Frederic the Great. Those who 
 wish to understand the difference between the hero in real 
 life and the hero of fiction should read how the Prussian 
 king treated his judges in the process of the Miller Arnold. 
 Frederic's fierce highhanded assertion of what he held to be 
 justice against the ' wiggeries ' and ' owleries ' of the law is 
 not Socratic, is not right ; but it is real and natural. There 
 is a parallel story in the Cyropacdia which will illustrate this 
 point. When a boy in ' the Schools of Justice ' Cyrus was 
 appointed to regulate the differences of his school-fellows. 
 Two boys came before him, one a big boy whose coat was 
 too small for him, the other a little boy whose coat had been 
 too large. The former had effected a forcible exchange of 
 garments, and defended himself by alleging the natural 
 fitness of things. Cyrus held that he was in the right. The
 
 7A' TR OD UC TION. XV 
 
 larger coat should belong to the larger body, and substan- 
 tially the exchange was just, though effected in a manner 
 that might be open to objection. But the schoolmaster, to 
 whom an appeal lay, took a different view. ' Had you,' he 
 said to Cyrus, ' been called upon to decide the question of 
 fitness, you would have been right in your decision. But this 
 was not the point. You, the judge, were bound by the law, 
 and the coat belonged by law to him who had paid for it.' 
 The schoolmaster took effectual means to ensure that the 
 lesson should not be forgotten, Cyrus submitted to the rod 
 of authority, and from that time never confounded what was 
 fitting with what was law. This is pretty, but it is neither 
 real nor natural. 
 
 We may pass rapidly over the remainder of the work. 
 The wars of Cyrus as related by Xenophon have little to do 
 with history ; and the incidental features which fill up the 
 chief part of the narrative, the discourses of Cyrus, the minor 
 characters, the charming episode of Abradatas and Pantheia, 
 will be found sufficiently illustrated in the text and notes. 
 
 Shortly after Cyrus had attained the age of mature man- 
 hood, the Assyrian king, summoning all his allies, chief 
 among whom was Croesus king of Lydia, prepared to make 
 an attack with his whole strength upon Media. Cyaxares, 
 who was now reigning in the stead of his father Astyages, 
 applied for help to the Persians, and requested that Cyrus 
 might lead any troops that they could send to his aid. In 
 conjunction with his uncle, Cyrus invades the Assyrian 
 kingdom, gains a great victory, and marches past the very 
 walls of Babylon. The Assyrian king retreated in haste 
 towards Lydia, where his ally Croesus gathers a vast army, 
 in which are included the Egyptians, the Cyprians, and all 
 the forces of the peoples inhabiting Anatolia. The decisive 
 battle was fought at Thymbrara on the Pactolus. Croesus 
 fled from the field to Sardis, but a Persian soldier clambered 
 up the rocks on which the acropolis was built, and the town 
 was taken. The Lydian king with all his treasures fell into 
 the hands of the conquerors, and learned too late the mean- 
 ing of the oracle given to him by the Delphian God, ' If thou
 
 XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 knowest thyself, O Croesus, thou wilt be happy.' From 
 Sardis Cyrus hastens back to Babylon. He draws ofif the 
 waters of the Euphrates into a canal, and along the dry 
 river-bed bursts into the town, on the night after a great feast, 
 while the king and aH his nobles were drowned in drunken 
 slumber. The conquest of Assyria raised Cyrus to the 
 position of an independent monarch, and Xenophon tells us, 
 with much minuteness, how he adapted himself to the posi- 
 tion, surrounding himself with all the pomp and ceremonial 
 of an Eastern court. By marriage with the daughter ot 
 Cyaxares he became heir to the kingdom of Media. He 
 divided his realm into satrapies, and conquered at intervals 
 other countries, including Egypt, till his dominion extended 
 from the Euxine to Ethiopia, and from Cyprus to the Per- 
 sian Gulf. Finally, while on a visit to his ancestral home — for 
 by the death of Cambyses he had become king of Persia — 
 he was warned by the Gods in a dream of his approaching 
 end. Upon this he summoned to his bedside his two sons 
 Cambyses and Tanaoxares and the chiefs of the Persian 
 nobility. In a long and elaborate speech he bequeaths to 
 Cambyses the kingdom, to Tanaoxares the satrapy of the 
 Medes, Armenians, and Cadusians, exhorts the two brothers 
 to live in peace and mutual affection, declares his belief in 
 the immortality of the soul, then veils his face and dies. 
 y If it be asked what is the historical value of the Cyro- 
 
 ''nT 'paedia, we shall answer the question best perhaps by distin- 
 guishing between the three kinds of truth that are necessarily 
 involved in such a work. We may consider how far it is 
 true as an account of the rise of the Persian Empire, or as 
 a description of Persian manners, or, lastly, as a character 
 of Cyrus. 
 "Tr- In each of these three branches of his subject Xenophon 
 had a certain foundation of knowledge, but a small and an 
 insecure foundation. It must be confessed that the dates 
 and facts which can be regarded as fixed points in the 
 career of Cyrus are but few. A life so illustrious and so 
 eventful became, as was natural, the theme of poems and 
 ballads innumerable. All over the East those who sang the
 
 INTR OD UC TION. XVI 1 
 
 praises of the great conqueror found eager listeners, even 
 in the days of Xenophon. But in the hands of the poet, 
 especially of the Oriental poet, the figure of a popular hero 
 becomes transfigured in a marvellous way. From the cru- 
 cible of the singer's imagination facts emerge in new com- 
 
 " binations and altered shapes. No one cares to criticise or to 
 correct. The victors desire to exalt the glory of one whom 
 they regard as more than man ; the vanquished strive to 
 soften the bitterness of defeat ; the bard, surrounded by a 
 throng of glowing listeners, strains all his art to raise to 
 the height their pride or their regret, and his own ardour 
 is kindled by the warmth he inspires. Professor Duncker 
 distinguishes two main lines of the Cyrus Epic, that of the 
 Median, and that of the Persian poets. The former is pre- 
 served to us, with some modifications due to the influence 
 Kaf Greek art, by Herodotus, the latter by Ctesias and Nico- 
 iJaus of Damascus. Xenophon departs from both, and de- 
 parts from them for the worse. The last king of the Medes 
 was not Cyaxares, but Astyages or Asdahag. The union of 
 the Median and Persian kingdoms was effected, not by the 
 
 \j^eaceful processes of marriage and inheritance, but by war. 
 The Lydian war was not an episode in the war against 
 Babylon, but preceded it by eleven years. Egypt was con- 
 
 n/ quered, not by Cyrus, but by his son Cambyses. Xenophon 
 
 '^represents Assyria as a rising power still occupied with 
 schemes of aggression. This was far indeed from the truth. 
 Assyria had perished with the downfall of Nineveh more 
 than half a century before', and never rose again from its 
 overthrow. The terrible words of Zephaniah (ii. 13) had 
 been fulfilled. 'The Lord,' the prophet had said, 'will stretch 
 out his hand against the North and destroy Assyria, and will 
 make Nineveh a desolation, and dry like a wilderness. And 
 flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of 
 the nations ; the pelican and the bittern shall lodge in the 
 
 • Professor Duncker considers the fall of Nineveh to have occurred 
 shortly after 610 B.C., the conquest of Media by Cyrus in 558 B.C., 
 the conquest of Lydia in =49 B.C., the capture of Babylon in 538 B.C., 
 and the death of Cyrus in 529 B.C. 
 
 b
 
 xviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 lintels of it ; the birds shall sing in the windows of it ; deso- 
 lation shall be on the thresholds.' (See Duncker, Hist, of 
 Afit. vol. V. p. 284.) Even the name of the last king of 
 Babylon is not known to Xenophon. It was, as we learn 
 from other sources, Nabonetus, whose eldest son was Bil- 
 sar-ussur (the Belshazzar of Scripture). Two features in the 
 disaster of this famous city Xenophon has recorded with 
 accuracy. It was by the diversion of the waters of the river 
 that the final assault was made possible, and the Persians 
 burst into the city on the night of ' Belshazzar's feast.' ' Be- 
 hold, saith Jehovah, I will dry up their sea and parch their 
 fountains. When they are heated I will prepare a drink for 
 them, and intoxicate them, so that they make merry, that 
 they may sleep an everlasting sleep, and awake no more. 
 And behold ! there came mounted men. The night of my 
 pleasure was turned to horror. The watchman wakes, the 
 table is prepared, there is eating and drinking.. Rise up, 
 ye princes, anoint the shield. Their dwellings are set on 
 fire, the bars are broken. One runs to meet another, and 
 messenger to meet messenger, bringing news to the king of 
 Babylon that his city is captured on every side ; the channels 
 are taken, the lakes they have burned with fire. Babylon is 
 fallen, is fallen, and all her idols are trampled under foot.' 
 (Jer. li. 31, 32, 39; Isaiah xiv. 7-9 ; xxi. 4-9. See Duncker, 
 Hist. Ant. vol. vi. p. 79 ; Stanley, The Jewish Church, vol. 
 iii. pp. 55 foil.) 
 
 / It has often been remarked that there is no geography in 
 ■ the Cyropaedia. There are none of those precise definitions 
 of distance and locality, the stathmi and parasangs so fami- 
 liar to readers of the Anabasis. The battles, the marches, 
 are all in the air, so to speak. But enough has been said as 
 to the history of the book. If we turn to the delineation of 
 Persian manners we find much the same result. There is 
 enough to give a dash of what the modern romancer knows 
 as ' local colour,' but nothing more. The Persian leaders 
 lie at their meals, instead of sitting as they ought to do. 
 They eat several meals in the day, whereas they ought to 
 eat but one. They swear by Greek gods, they sing the
 
 JNTR OD UC TION. XIX 
 
 Greek paean, and marshal their men by rules of Greek 
 tacticians. At the battle of Thymbrara Cyrus gives hiS 
 army a password, 'Zeus the Saviour and Guide,' though 
 from a remarkable passage of the Anabasis (i. 8. i6), where 
 Cyrus the younger is represented as startled by the sound 
 made by the Greek soldiers in passing the sign along the 
 ranks, and asking what it meant, we are led to infer that the 
 practice was unknown even then to Persian commanders'. 
 The password of Cunaxa, ' Zeus the Saviour and Victory,' 
 it will be observed moreover, is almost verbally the same as 
 that of Thymbrara. A more remarkable ignorance of Per- 
 sian usage is shown by Xenophon when he speaks of a burnt 
 sacrifice offered to Zeus and the Sun {Cyrop. viii. 3. 24). 
 Such a sacrifice would have been considered by true Per- 
 sians as the blasphemy of devil worshippers. Xenophon 
 tells us how the body of Abradatas was laid in a grave, 
 and he also speaks of burying the dead after an engage- 
 ment, while his Araspas considers the marriage of sister and 
 brother a thing unnatural and unheard of But the Avesta 
 forbids in the most emphatic terms the pollution of the holy 
 elements of earth or fire by contact with a corpse. To this 
 day the Parsi leaves his dead in the ' Towers of Silence,' to 
 be consumed by the natural processes of decay, or devoured 
 by the birds of the air. And the Persian doctrine on the 
 subject of the union of the sexes was no less repugnant to 
 Greek ideas. The Avesta holds that the nearer the relation- 
 ship the happier the marriage (see Duncker, Hist. Ant. vol. 
 V. pp. 216, 220). As to the system of public education which 
 Xenophon describes as in force among the Persians we have 
 little information from other sources. Arrian, if he is not 
 copying Xenophon, confirms him to a limited extent by 
 a single sentence (v. 4. 5). ' The laws of the Persians,' he 
 says, 'bear a striking resemblance to the Spartan training.' 
 Plato [Epp. iv. p. 320 D, also a doubtful authority) exhorts 
 Dion to imitate ' Lycurgus and Cyrus, or any other lawgiver 
 who has been preeminent for moral excellence and political 
 wisdom'; and though this language seems to attribute to 
 Cyrus the foundation of a system which Xenophon repre- 
 
 b 2
 
 XX INTRODUCTION, 
 
 sents as instituted before his time, we may take it as evi- 
 dence, so far as it goes, of the existence among the Persians 
 of a kind of education not unlike that described in the 
 Cyropaedia. We may regard Herodotus alsQ as a confirm- 
 atory witness, though he says nothing of the elaborate 
 system and graduation of classes described by Xenophon. 
 'They educate their children,' he says (i. 136), 'from the age 
 of five to the age of twenty years in three things alone, 
 riding, shooting with the bow, and speaking the truth.' 
 But if Herodotus supports Xenophon on one point, he con- 
 tradicts him on another. As to the hardihood and rigid 
 obedience to morality inculcated in the Persian schools, he 
 appears to agree with the younger historian. But how, with 
 Herodotus before us, can we listen to Xenophon's marvellous 
 account of the way in which the Persians turned suddenly 
 into a nation of horsemen in the midst of a great and 
 perilous war ? 
 
 The real fact seems to be that Xenophon had very little 
 acquaintance with the habits and ideas of Persians. He 
 had marched through their country with the Ten Thousand, 
 . and he had fought against them in Asia Minor under 
 / Agesilaus. But he had never lived with them, he had never 
 seen them at their homes in time of peace. He had not 
 even made a scholarly use of such limited opportunities as 
 he enjoyed of studying their history and their manners. 
 Let us illustrate this by a passage of the Afiabasis (iii. 4. 
 10) : * Thence they marched one day's journey, six parasangs, 
 to a strong and high walled town. The name of that city 
 was Mespila. It was once inhabited by the Medes . . . Hither, 
 it is said, Medeia, the wife of the king, fled for shelter, when 
 the Median empire was overthrown by the Persians. This 
 city the king of the Persians besieged, but could not take 
 either by time or by storm, but Zeus by his thunder dazed 
 the inhabitants, and then it was captured.' Mespila was 
 Nineveh the great, the most famous city of the ancient 
 world, and in his brief account of it Xenophon has put the 
 Medes in the place of the Assyrians, the Persians in the 
 place of the Medes and Babylonians. The length of the
 
 INTR OD UCTION. xxi 
 
 weary day's march Xenophon gives us to an inch. His 
 accuracy in all the small details of a regimental officer's 
 duty is worthy of Dugald Dalgetty. But of all that lies 
 beyond his province he knows just so much as an ignorant 
 interpreter chose to tell him. He marched through Persia 
 as an ordinary English officer would march through Afghan- 
 istan, and at the end of his perilous adventure he has the 
 same kind of story to tell us. It is_a story_of marvellous 
 fortitude, endurance, skill, and observation. But the higher 
 intellectual faculties have been concentrated on purely pro- 
 fessional objects. The natives of the land in which he has 
 journeyed and fought have been to him 'the enemy,' and 
 eiren if he is qualified, as Xenophon no doubt was, by the' 
 possession of culture and the habit of reflection, to under- 
 stand and estimate their religion, their laws, and their art, 
 ; the perils of his life among them have left him neither 
 I time nor inclination for such generous subjects of contem- 
 \ plation. 
 
 Both in his history of the rise of the Persian empire, and 
 in his sketch of Persian life, Xenophon has made a little 
 knowledge goa long way. The same is true of his delinea- 
 tion of the character of Cyrus. Here too he had a nucleus 
 of solid tradition, which he has expanded in conformity 
 with his own sense of artistic fitness. All accounts concur 
 in representing Cyrus as a prince of noble and benignant 
 character. Herodotus tells us that the Persians (iii. 89) 
 called him their ' father ' because he was gentle, and pro- 
 vided them with all good things. Aeschylus speaks of him 
 [Persae, 768) as 'a fortunate man who rose to rule and 
 created peace for all his friends ... for God hated him not, 
 so gracious (evcPpav) was he.' He dealt mercifully with all 
 the princes whom he overthrew. ' Astyages, Croesus, and 
 Nabonetus received residences and possessions in distant 
 regions, which allowed them to live in dignity and opulence ' 
 /(Duncker, ///j/. Ant. vol. vi. p. 107). He was nobly liberaix 
 ( to the conquered nations, leaving them in free enjoyment 
 of their own laws and religions, imposing on them taxes 
 probably lighter than they had paid before, recognising with
 
 XXU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 frank generosity any services that they were fortunate enough 
 to render to the empire. It was he that restored the Jews, 
 and the Hebrew prophets hailed his triumph in a 'fervour of 
 exalted eulogy, that seems almost to soar beyond the limits 
 of human praise. The golden eagle with outstretched wings 
 emblazoned on the Persian banners (Cyrop. vii. i. 4) supplied 
 the fine image in which Isaiah (xlvi. 11) speaks of Jehovah 
 as 'calling a ravenous bird from the East, the man that 
 executeth my counsel from a far country.' ' With no uncer- 
 tain sound the greatest prophetic voice of the time marked 
 out Cyrus as the one anointed Prince, the expected Messiah 
 alike of the Chosen People and of all the surrounding 
 nations. " Thus saith the Eternal to Cyrus whom I have 
 anointed, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations 
 before him. Cyrus is my shepherd, and shall perform all my 
 pleasure \" ' 
 
 We may readily admit that Xenophon's conception of 
 his hero's character is in the main just. ' It can hardly 
 be without foundation,' says Dean Stanley, ' that both in 
 Hebrew and Greek literature Cyrus is represented as the 
 type of a just and gentle prince.' He is not to be con- 
 founded with the wild and brutal despots of Asshur and 
 Babylon, nor with the Mongolian conquerors of a later 
 date, who have swept over the East as swiftly and as re- 
 morselessly as fire. He was a man like ourselves of Aryan 
 race, and his religion, the system of Zarathustra, was so 
 pure and lofty that, in the second and third centuries of 
 our era, there was serious danger of its supplanting, or at 
 any rate largely modifying, the Gospel of our Saviour. 
 
 There is still in existence what may be an authentic 
 portrait of Cyrus. It is sculptured on a pillar of marble 
 forming part of the great king's tomb at Pasargadae. ' On 
 this is cut in relief a slim form in profile. It has four wings 
 springing from the shoulders, and is clothed in a closely- 
 fitting garment falling to the ankles ; on the right side, 
 
 ' I have given Dean Stanley's words as they stand in this fine 
 passage (The Jewish Church, vol. iii. p. 52). But the word one 
 before Anointed Prince ought to be omitted.
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXlll 
 
 which is visible, and on the lower hem, the garment is 
 furnished with fringes. The form of the uncovered lower 
 arm seems to indicate a commanding attitude. The head 
 is covered with a striped closely-fitting cap, which reaches 
 down to the neck. Out of the crown of it rise two horns, 
 which extend on either side, and bear a tall ornament of 
 peculiarly-formed leaves and feathers. The face is sur- 
 rounded by a full but short beard, the nose is somewhat 
 rounded at the tip, the line of the profile is straight and 
 well-formed, the expression mild and serene. Over the 
 head we find written in cuneiform letters, " I, Cyrus, the 
 King, Achaemenid." This is, it would seem, a picture of 
 the famous King.' (Duncker, Hist. Ant. vol. vi. p. 127.) 
 
 The CyropoBclia is no doubt a Romance, and it is this char- 
 acter which makes it, what as a history it could not pretend 
 to be, a work of high importance in the history of ancient 
 literature. It is the first Novel, a development, may we not 
 say, of the old ^Tragedy, still historical, still didactic, but strik- 
 ing out a line that leads directly to regions of purely imagina- 
 tive art. We can see how convenient Xenophon must have 
 found this form of composition. It enabled him to glance 
 an oblique stricture upon the Athenian Democracy without 
 coming into too violent collision with the sentiment of his 
 countrymen. It provided him with an interesting frame- \ 
 work, within the lines of which he could conveniently de- '^ 
 velope whatever speculative faculty he possessed, — his views 
 of law and society, his theories of strategy, his ideas as to 
 the way in which the necessary horrors of war might be 
 restrained and softened. The reader will find also a certain 
 not inconsiderable power of character-drawing, touches of 
 pleasant humour, a delicacy of feeling and sense of art, 
 which in the story of Abradatas and Pantheia are displayed 
 f(vith conspicuous effect. Every form of literary composition \ 
 'must at its first appearance be defective, and Xenophon \ 
 had neither the dramatic power, nor the resources of expres- 
 sion, nor the sympathetic experience of life, which combine 
 to make a master of Romance. But he writes in a clear 
 and graceful style, and if he seldom dazzles or fascinates,
 
 xxiv • INTRODUCTION. 
 
 if he has but Httle command over laughter or tears, he is 
 rarely uninteresting. At any rate, the modest selection of 
 his work, which is here presented to the reader, may be 
 studied, it is hoped, with profit and not without pleasure.
 
 XENOPHON, CYROPAEDIA. 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 CHAPTER I. • 
 
 After his victory over the Assyrians, Cyrus encamps on the field of 
 battle, and delivers a speech to his army. 
 
 1 Mec'yas 8e 6 KCpos jxirpLov ^povov avTov avv t(2 arpa- 
 Tev/xart /cat brjX(a(ras on eTOLpLoC elcrL p-a)(je(T6ai ei ti? 
 k^ipyoLTo, d)S ovSets avTe^rjet, airriyayev ocrov eSoKet 
 KakOts e^ety koX ea-TpaTOTrebeva-aTo. (pvXaKas 8e Kara- 
 (TTrjcrdpLCVos /cat ctkottovs TTpoitepi^as, (rras ets to p-eaov 5 
 (Tvye/caAecre rovs kavTov a-rpaTLCtiTas /cat lA.e|^e rotaSe* 
 
 2 "Ai'Spe? riepo-at, irpoiTov jxev tovs Oeovs eyw iiratvia oaov 
 bvvajxai, Koi ^/xets 8^ Trayre?, ot/xat* yt/crj? re yap rerux.^/- 
 Kajx^v Kol (r(i)Tr)pLas. TOVTOiv /xey ovv XPV xapicrTripia ojv 
 hv ael e)((dp,ey rots deois ctTToreAety. eyo) 8e crvpLTravTas 10 
 fxey i/xas y/orj iiraivci' to yap yeyevr]ix€vov epyov itaatv 
 vpXv KaXov iiTioTiT^KecTTai' S>v 8' 'iKacTTos a^ios, eTreibav 
 Trap 5>v TTpo(T7]K€i Ttv9(opi,ai,, t6t€ ti]v a^iav knaaTOi koX 
 
 3 ^pyi^ /cat X6y(a Txeipacrop.aL airobibovai. tov 8 ep,oC lyyv- 
 rara Ta^iapy^ov 'KpvcrdvTav ovbev aAAcoy biop^at irwdd- 15 
 V€(r9ai., dX\' avros 0180 otos r]y' ra juty yap ctAAa oarairep 
 
 oXp.ai KoX TTuyres v/xets eTrotetre. cTret 8' eyw Trapriyyvrjaa ,^,-vm^v- J 
 
 B '
 
 a XENOPHON, 
 
 liravAyeiv KaX^aas avrbv ovofxaaTL, avaTerajxivos o{Iros 
 Ti]v ixayaipav, m iraiaodv TioX^fxtov, innjKOva-i re e/Aot 
 €v6vs acfyeis re o e/xeXAe ttou'lv to Kek^vojxevov iirpaTTev' 
 avTos re yap eiTavrjye kol toIs aAXot? p.6.\a €TiLcn:epx(^s 
 
 S irap-qyyva' 'icTT t^Oaatv e^co /3eAwy rriv ra^iv 7rot?]oras 
 Ttplv Tovs TToXe/xious KaTavoTjcraL on avextapovixev Kai 
 To^a hrdvaa-Oai koI to, Trakra k-na^dvai' wore avros re 
 d/3Aa/3r;s kol tovs avTOu avhpas a/3Aa/3eTs 8ia to iietOea-' 
 6ai -Trapexerat. akXovs h\ tcpt], 6pG> TeTpct)p.ivovs, rrrepl 4 
 
 10 wz; eyw (TK€\l/diJ.€vos h ottoic^ XP°'^^ iTpiadrjcrav, t6t€ ttjv 
 yvu)[jii]v TTepl avTbov a'no<^avovp.ai. ^pvcravTav Se kol (as 
 kpyaTr]v t5»v kv 'nokip.fa koX (j)p6vip.ov koI ap\^(T6ai 
 iKavov KoX apx'^iv xtAtapxio, ju.ei' 7y8rj rt/xaJ" oTav h\ koX 
 oXko TL ayadbv 818(1) 6 0eos, ovSe t6t€ kinkqaoiiai avTov. 
 
 15 Kai TTCLVTas be Qovkop-ai vixas, e^rj, viroixvrja-ai' a yap 5 
 vvv etSere €v rfj p-dxil rij8e ev9vp.ovpi.evoi. /ixT/Trore Traveo-^e, 
 ti^a Trap' vp.'tv avTols del KpivrjTe iroTepov rj dpeTrj p-dX- 
 Xov rj 7] (f)vyi] o-co^et Tas yfrvxas Kal iroTepov ol p-dy^ecrOai 
 iOikovTes paov dTraXkdTTOvcnv rj 01 ovk edekovTes, Kal 
 
 20 TToCav TLvd rjbovr]v to VLKav Tiapey^et' TavTa yap vvv dpi<TT 
 hv KpCvaiTe irelpdv re avTSiV e^ovTes Kal dpTi yeyevr]p.evov 
 Tov irpdyp-aTos. Kal raSra p-ev, e<^7j, del biavoovp-evoL ^ek- 6 
 TLOvs dv etTjre* vvv be m deo(f)Lkeh Kal dyadol Kal (r(a<f)- 
 povesdvbpes beiTrvoTTOLeta-de Kal aTrovbds toIs Oeols TTOLelade 
 
 25 Kal TTttidva e^dpxea-Oe Kal to Trapayyekkop.evov TTpovoelTe. 
 elTTOiv be TavTa dvaj3ds eirl tov lttttov ijkacre Kal irpos 7 
 Kva^dprjv rjkde' Kal avvqadeh eKeCv(a Koivfj as eUds Kal 
 ibuiv raKei Kal ep6p.evos et ri 8eoiro, din^kavvev els to 
 avTov (TTpaTevp-a. Kal ol p.ev brj dp.(f)l Kvpov benrvoTTOit]- 
 
 30 (Tdp.evoL Kol (pvkaKas Karacrrrjcrd/xeyoi ws e8ei eK06fnj- 
 drjaav.
 
 CYROPAEDIA, IV. i. 3 
 
 Ihe Assyrians fly under co'ver of night. Cyrus takes possession of 
 their camp, and urges Cyaxares to pursue the routed foe. 
 
 8 Ot he 'AarcrupLOL, Koi reOvrjKOTos rod apyovros koX 
 ayehov crvv avr^ tQv PekTLcrToov, 't]dvp.ovv jxev Travres, 
 TToXXol be Koi airebLbpaa-KOv avTcav Trjs vvktos ck tov 
 (TTpaTOTTebov. 6p(avTes be ravTa o re Kpoicros koL ol 
 aXXoL (Tvp.ii.a-)(oi avTcav iravres rjdvjxovv' Travra jxev yap 5 
 171^ \aXeTTd' advjjitav be -nKeia-Triv Trapelyje iracnv otl to 
 Tiyovp-evov tijs a-Tparias (f)v\ov bte^OapOai eboKei rals 
 yv(ap.ais. ovTOi bi] eKXeiTTOVcn to (TTpaTorreboi; koI airep- 
 
 9 x.Oi'''ctt Trjs VVKTOS. ws 8' rjixepa eyeveTo koX eprniov 
 avbpwv e(f)dvri to tQv 7To\€ij.l(i)v o-TpaToirebov, evdvs bia- 10 
 fii^d^ei 6 KSpos Tovs Ylepaas irpcoTovs' KareAeAetTrro 8e 
 VTTo rcyy 'noKep.mv ttoXXo. ]j.eu Ttpo^aTa, itoXXoX be j36es, 
 TToXXal be afxa^at TToXXutv dyadQ>v fxe(TTat' eK b^ tovtov 
 bie^aivov ijbri koi ol dp.(p\ Kva^dpr]v M?/8ot itavTes km 
 
 10 ripL<TT07TOLOvvTo kvTavOa. enel be ripLorTrja-av, crvvendXe- 15 
 crev 6 Kupos tovs ovtov Ta^idpyovs koX eXe^e Toidbe' 
 Old jjLOL boKovixev Koi ocra, S dvbpes, dyadd d(f)e'ivat, Oe&v 
 rjixiv avTa bibovTcov. vvv yap oti ol TToXepnoL fjiids dirobe- 
 bpdKacTLv avToX opaTe. OLTives be ev epvp-aTL ovTes e/cAi- 
 
 TTOVTeS TOVTO (peVyOVCTL, TTW? dv TtS TOVTOVS ototT dv 20 
 
 jxelvaL IbovTas rjixas ev rw Icro-nebdi ; o'lTives be ry/xwy 
 CLTTeipoL ovTes ovx vireixeivav, ttcos vvv y dv viropLeLveiav, 
 eirel rJTTrjVTai re Kal TToXXd KO/ca v^' ^/;>i(Sy TTeiTovOaa-Lv ; 
 S>v be ol l^eXTLaTOL diroXcoXaa-L, ttw? ot TTOvrjpoTepoi eKei- 
 
 11 VMv pidxea-OaL dv rjpuv eOeXoiev ; KaC tls eTire, TC ovv ov 25 
 bmKop.ev o)S Td^LaTa, KaTabr]X(xiv ye ovt(o tG>v dyado)v 
 ovToov ; Kol OS elitev, "Otl linruiv Ttpoabeop-eOa' ol p.ev 
 yap KpdTia-Toi twv TioXep-iutv, ovs fj.dXt.crTa Kaipbs ^v rj 
 
 B 2
 
 XENOPHON. 
 
 X-a/BeXv 17 KaroKave'iv, ovtoi. e^' LTnroav viovrai. ots 77/^61? 
 2ll Tpi-neaOai ixev avv roi? deols iKavoi, bicaKovres be aipeiv 
 
 ovx iKavoL Ti ovv, ^acrav, ovk ikOcav Kva^dpr] keyeis 12 
 Tavra ; koX 6s eiTre, ^vverren-Oe tolvvv juot TtavTe^, ws 
 5 61877 oTi -naa-iv rjiuv ravra boKet. e/c tovtov dirovTo re 
 Travrey koI eXeyov ola iinT'^beLa eboKovv dvai xmep Stv 
 kbiovTO. 
 
 Cyaxares refuses. Men should be moderate in their enjoyment of 
 triumph. It is better not to drive the enemy to despair. 
 
 KaX 6 Kva^dpr]s dp.a pikv otl eKdvoi ^pxov rov \6yov, 13 
 uxTTTcp VTT€(f)66v€L' dpia b' t(Tu>s KoAws exety iboKci avT(a 
 
 10 jxi] -ndkiv Kivbvveveiv' koX yap avTos re Trept evOvpiav 
 fTvyxavev cbv kol tS>v dkkcov Mrjbcuv kapa irokkovs to 
 avTo TTOLovvras' etire 8' ovv c58e. '12 Kvpe, aAA.' otl 14 
 jxev T&v dkku)V pidkkov dvdpcoirctiv pcekeTUTe vficXs ol 
 Ileparai ij,ribe irpbs p.iav rjbovrjv dirk-qcTTUis btaKdaOat koL 
 
 15 opMV Kal aKOVojv otba' e/zot 8e boKei Ttjs pieyia-Trjs rjbovijs 
 TTokv p.dkkop (rvp(f)epeiv iyKpaTrj etyat. pLciCa) be rjbovrjv 
 Ti Trape^ei dvOpdirots evTvxias f) vvp ripuv irapayeyi- 
 vrjTai ; t]v p.€v toLvvv, ewet evTvxovpev, (T(ti(f)p6v(as bia- 15 
 (PvkdTT(»p.€V avTTiv, XcTOis bwaipieO' av aKLvbvvuys evbau- 
 
 20 povovvTe^ yripdv d 8' 077X770-7x0? XP^P-^^^*- TavTr) dkkrjv 
 KOL dkkrjv ireipaaop.eOo. StwKetr, opare [xr] Trddoypev direp 
 TTokkovs p-ev keyovcTLv ev OakdTTj] ne-novOlvai, bid to evTv- 
 X'dv OVK eOikovTas Trava-acrOai TrkeovTas aTTokearOai' irok- 
 kovs 8e viKr]s ru)(oVras hepas e(^tep.eVou? /cat ttjv TrpoaOev 
 
 25 diTo(3ak€lv. Koi yap ei juey 01 'nokip.wi i)TTovs ovt€s 16 
 fip.(iiv e(})€vyov, Xacos dv /cat 8t(o/cety tovs tJttovs do-^aAws 
 et^e. vvv 8e KaTavorjaov Tro'crro) juepet avTUiv Trdires 
 liaxeadp-evoL veviKriKapiev' ol 8' ciAAot dp.axoi etVty
 
 CVROPAEDIA, IV. 1. 5 
 
 ov? el jxev jjlt) avayKaa-oixev iiayj^crBai, ayvoovvre^ Kat 
 rjfxas /cat eavrovs bi a\xadiav koX fxaXaniav aTTiacnv' et 
 
 17 8e yvaKTOvTaL on a-niovres ovbev ^ttov HLvhwevovcriv rj 
 fx4vovT€S, 0770)5 ju^ avayKd(roixev avTovs, k^v /xtj ^ovkoov- 
 Tai, ayadovs yevicrOai. tadi 8' ort ov av [loXKov Tas 5 
 €K€LV(ov yvvoLKas Kol TToibas AajQeii' eTTiOvfxels rj eKeiyoi 
 aSxrai. kvvoei 8' ort koI at crimes eTretSaz; 6<pdu>cn, (f)ev- 
 yovcn, KOLv 'noXkaX mo-l, crvv rots t4kvols' eireLbav 8e 
 TLS avTtav Qrjpa rt rG>v reKvotv, ovKin (pevyei ovb^ r]V juta 
 Tv^jj ovaa, dAA.' terat tTrt roy Xaix^aveiv 7retpwju,eyoy. 10 
 
 18 Kat yCy /^ev KaraKkeiaavTes kavTov'S els epvjxa Tiapiayjov 
 yijuv Taixcevecrdai cocrre oTroVots i[3ovk6[xeda avTU)v ju.ax,e- 
 aOaL' el 8' ev evpvyjMpia Ttpocnixev avrols koi ^laQ-qdovTaL 
 X^pts yevop-evoi 01 jxev Kara irpoauiTTOv r][uv &(nrep Kai 
 vvv evavTLOvcrOai,, 01 8' e/c TtkayCov, ol be koL o-nicrQev, 15 
 6pa fxr} TTokkoiv eKaa-rco fifxcav x^etpcav berjaei kol d(f)6ak- 
 fx&v. irpocreTL 8' ovb^ av eOekoiixi, ecf)-)], eyca vvv, bp5>v 
 M7780VS evOvpLOvp^evovs, e^avacrrria-as avayKaCeiv KLvbv- 
 vevcrovTas Uvai. 
 
 Nevertheless Cyrus may take nvith him any of the Medes 'who 
 choose to volunteer. 
 
 19 Kat 6 Kvpos VTToka^MV etirev, 'AAAa avye p-rjbeva 20 
 avayKdcrris, akXa tovs edekovrds (Jlol eireaOat bos' Kol 
 Xaruts dv (TOL Koi t5>v a-<av (fitkcov tovtmv i]KOip.ev eadaria 
 &yovTes e<^' ols diravres evOvp-ria-eaOe. to fiev yap ttXtj- 
 60s rjp-els ye tG>v TTokeixicov ovbe bL(o^6p.e9a' tt&s yap hv 
 Kal KaTakdjioip.ev ; r\v be tl aTrecrxia-pievov tov (TTparev- 35 
 fxaros kdftuip.ev ij rt vTiokenrop.evov, ij^op.ev Ttpbs are 
 
 20 dyovres- evvoei 8', e(f)r}, otl Kal rfpiels, eirel (tv ebeov, 
 rfkOofxev (Tol -)(api^up.evoi p-aKpav doov Kal av ovv tjixXv
 
 6 XENOPHON, 
 
 bUaios et avTiyapiCeaOai, tva kol ex^vris tl o?Ka6' 
 a(f)LK(oiJ.tda Kol fxi] els tov crov 6r]cravpov irAvres otbc 
 upu)ij.€v. ivravda brj eXe^ev 6 Kva^dpr}s, 'AAA.' el ye 21 
 fxevTOL eOeXctiv rt? eirotTO, koi -yap^v eyoiyi croL eiSeiTjv 
 5 av. ^vixTTep.\}/ov Toivvv /xot rtya, e^rj, tG>v a^LOTTLCTTcov 
 TovTCDv, OS epel hv av e-nKTTeikrjs. Aa(3<i)v 8?) t^t ovTiva 
 eOeXeis tovtcov. 'ivOa brj eVuxe irapoiv 6 ^rjo-as Ttore 22 
 (rvyyevi]s avTov elvai koI ^tArj^ets. evdvs ovv 6 Kvpos 
 eiTTev, ApKel /xot, e(pri, ovtoctL Ovtos toivvv (rot eire- 
 
 10 aOoi. KoX keye av, e'^Tj, tov edeXovTa livat p.eTa Y^vpov. 
 ovTOi br] kaj3oiv tov avbpa e^j/ei. eirel 8' e^rjkOev, 6 23 
 Kvpos €1776, 'Nvv brj av br]X(aaet.s el a\r]9rj ekeyes, ore 
 e(f)r]s rjbeaOai 6ewp.evos ep-e. Ovkovv cnrokei'yj/opi.aC ye 
 aov, e^i] 6 M^8os, el tovto keyeis. Ovkovv kol akkovs, 
 
 15 e(f)r}, TTpoOvpcos e^d^eis ; eiropioaas ovv eKelvos Nr) tov 
 Ai 5 e(pr], eaTe y hv Tioiriaoi koX ae ep.e rjbecos Oeaadai. 
 TOTe br] KOt enTTepicpOels vtto tov Kva^dpov to. re aAAa 24 
 TTpo6vp.(os diT^yyekke rots MT^Sots kol 'npoaeTiOei otl 
 avTos ye ovk d7:okei\j/oLTo dvbpos KakkCaTOV nal apCaTov, 
 
 20 Koi TO ixeytaTov, aiTO de&v yeyovoTos. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Hyrcanianj offer to come over to Cyrus, to join in the pursuit, 
 and serve as guides. 
 
 UpaTTovTos be tov Kvpov raCra Oeioos ttcos a(f)iKvovvTat, i 
 ai:b TpKavLOiv ayyekot. ol be 'TpKavcoL opLopoi tcHv 
 Aaavptoiv elaiv, edvos 8' ov -nokv, bio koX vttt^kool rjaav 
 T&v AaavpLctiv' evLTnroi. be kol TOTe bi] eboKOVv kol vvv
 
 CFROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 7 
 
 boKovcnv ^tvat' bib koL k\pG>vTo avroXs ol ^ Aa-crvpioi 
 uxTTTcp Koi ol AaKibaifjiovioi, Tols ^KipCraLS, ovbev (f)€Lb6- 
 p-evot avTUiV ovt* ev ttovols ovt iv Kivbvvois' koL br] /cat 
 Tore OTTicrdocpvXaKe'LV eKeXevov avTovs ws x.'^'^^^ iTTTreas 
 ovras, OTTMS et tl oinaOcv beivov eXr], kK^lvoi npo avT&v 5 
 
 2 TovT eyoiev. oX 8e 'TpKavLOL, are p,4WovTes vararoL 
 TTopeuea-dat, kol ras apid^as ras kavr&v koI tovs olKeras 
 varaTOVS il\0V' crTpaT^vovTai yap br] ol Kara ttjv 
 ^ A(Tiav exovT€S ol ttoXKoI p-cO' Stvn^p /cat otKoScrt' /cat 
 
 3 TOTi bj] icTTparevovTO ovT(as ol 'TpKavLot. ivvorjOevres 10 
 be old T€ Tidcrx^ovcnv vtto t&v ^ Acravpioiv koX otl vvv 
 TeOvaiT] pkv 6 dp)(u>v avTwv, i]TTr]pAvoi. 8' etey, (po^os 8' 
 kveCrj r<3 (TTpaTevp-aTt, ol 8e a-vpLp.ayoi. avrcav a>s d9vp.u)S 
 exotev /cat cvnoKeiTTOiev, ravra ev6vp.ovp.evoLS ^bo^ev 
 avTols vvv KaXbv eTvaL dTToa-Tfjvai, et Oikoiev ol dp.(pl 15 
 Kvpov avv€Tii,6icr6aL. koI TrepLTrova-Lv dyyeAov? irpos 
 Kvpov' aTTO yap tt]s p-dxjjs to tovtov ovop.a /xeyioroy 
 
 4 -qv^rjTo. ol be Tt€p.(f)d4vTes Xeyov(n Kvpco oti p,L(rolev 
 re tovs ' Acrcrvpiovs St/catoo?, vvv t, et jBovXolto Uvat eir' 
 avTovs, KOL (Tcpels <Tvpip.ayoi virdp^otev /cat riyi](roLVTO' 20 
 dp.a 6e TTpbs tovtols bLi]yovvTO to. tG)v TToXepLicov ws e^ot, 
 
 5 kiraipeiv ^ovX6p.(.voi p-dXicrTa (jTpaTeveaQai avTov- /cat 
 6 Kvpos eTrripero avTovs, Kat 8oKetre dv, e(f)ri, €tl '^p.as 
 KaTaXafielv avrovs TipXv ev rots kpvp.aaiv elvai ; r}p.€ls 
 piev ydp, €(l)rj, p.dXa avp-cpopav tovto rjyovp.e6a ort 25 
 eXaOov r}p.as aTTobpdvres. raCra 8e eAeye l3ovX6p.€vos 
 
 6 avTovs ws p,4yi(rTov (j)poveiv ctti acpiaLV. ol be d-neKpi- 
 vavTO oTi Kol xvpLOv eoddev, el evC^ivoi TTOpevoivTO, KaTa- 
 Xr|^^OLVTo' virl ydp tov 6\Xov /cat tG>v ap.a^G>v (xyoXri 
 TTopevecrdaL aWovs' /cat afta, e(fiaa-av, ttjv TrpoTepav 30 
 vvKTa dypvi;vj(ravTes vvv p.iKpbv irpoeXOovTes earpaTO-
 
 8 XENOPHON, 
 
 TTebevvTai. Koi 6 Kvpos e(f)r], "Ex^ere ovv (av kiyere 7 
 TTtCTTov Tt rjjxas bibdcTKeLv b)s aXr}6ev€T€ ; *OfA7;povs y, 
 e(})a(rav, eOeXoixev avrUa ekda-avres rrjs vvktos ayaytiv' 
 [xovov KoX (TV rjfxlv incrTa OeS>v Tmroi-qao koX he^iav 80s, 
 5 Xva (pepiaixcv koL toXs uAAois to. avra airep hv avroi. 
 Xa^<X)\X€v TTapa aov. e/c ToiJTOv ttio-to. bibuiatv avTols t] 8 
 jut^v, eay ifXTTebuKTOicriv a Xiyovcnv, w? <f)Lkois koI TTtoroTs 
 XpTjo-ecr^ai avTols, ws p-i^Te Ilepa&v fxrjTe Mrjbuiv [xdov 
 '^X^iv Tiap' eavT(2. koI vvv kcrriv en Ibelv TpKaviovs /cat 
 10 TTL(TT€vop.evovs KoX upxcts IxoiTas, uxritep /cat YlipaQv Kai 
 Mrjbcov ot av boKUxnv a^iot. etyat. 
 
 Nearly all tbe Medes 'volunteer. 7l)e order of the pursuit. Cyrus 
 refuses to wait for the Hyrcanian hostages. 
 
 'E'n'et 8' ibeiTrvrjcrav, e^%e to crTpdT(vp.a in (f)dovs 9 
 ovTos, /cat Tovs 'TpKavLovs 7T€pLp.4v€(.v iKeXevacv, tva dpa 
 LOL€v. ol ixev b-q Oepcrat, uxrirep ei/coy, Travres e^co ^aav, 
 
 15 /cat TLypdvrjs €yjMV to avTov aTpdTevixa' t&v be Mi]ba)V 10 
 i^7](rav oi p.ev bca to 7rat8t ovtl KvpcD ttcBcs ovTes ^lAot 
 yevea-Oat, ol be bta to iv Brjpats cruyyeyo/xeyot dyaaOijvai, 
 avTov Tov TpoTTOv, ol be bta to /cat X'V"^' (Ibevai otl 
 p.iyav avTols (pojdov dTTekrjkaKevai eScKet, ol be Kol 
 
 20 ekiTibas e-)(^ovTes bid to dvbpa (paiveaOai dyadbv kol ' 
 evTvx^ '^cit p.eyav ert icrxupws ecrecrOai avTov, ol be, ot€ 
 eTpiCJieTO ev MrjSots, el rt dyaOov Tea e-npa^ev, dvTixapi' 
 Cecrdai e[3ovkovTo' ttoXXoIs be TtoXka bid (f)ikav9poiTTLav 
 TTapd TOV TraTTTTOV dyadd bieTxeirpaKTO' xoAAot b , c'Tret 
 
 25 /cat Tovs 'TpKaviovs elbov koi koyos biiikOev its 'rjyr]- 
 (TOivTo em TTokkd dyaOd, e^fjaav kol rov kajielv tl 
 eveKa. ovTca br} e^ijkdov axebbv diravTes kol ol M^8ot 11 
 Tikrjv oaoi ovv Kva^dprj eTV\ov (TKrjVoviTes' ovtol be
 
 CVROPAEDIA, IV. 11. 9 
 
 Kare/xeyoy koI ol tovtcov vTrrjKOOu ot 8 aWoi iravres 
 (pathp&s Kol TTpoOvixois e^Mpjx&VTO, are ova avayKtf aAA. 
 
 12 kOiXovcrioi KoX \apLTOS €V€Ka k^iovT^s. €7761 8' e^o) ria-av, 
 irputTov fx€v TTpbs Tovs Mi]bovs ^\d(av €TTr]vea€ re avTovs 
 Kol k'nr]v^aTo ixakiaTa fxev 6eovs avTois lAeojs Jjyela-Oat 5 
 KOL (T(f)LaLv, €TT€LTa 8e KOL avTos hwacrd^vai \apiv avroTs 
 TavTris Trjs irpodvixCas aTTobovvai. riXos b itnev ort 
 riyqcroLVTo pikv avTols oi '!Te(oL, ^Keivovs 8' eVecr^at crvv 
 rots I'ttttois cKeAeuo-e" /cat ottou av avaTravcovTai r] k-ni- 
 (ryjMcri rrjs TropeCas, evereiXaro avroHs irpos avTov irape- 10 
 
 13 Xaoveiv tlvcls, tva etSwcri ro del Kaipiov. e/c ronrou 
 riyela-dai eKe'Aeue rovs 'TpKavCovs. koX ol rjp(oT(t>v Ti 8e', 
 ov yap dz^a/jiei^er?, icpaaav, tovs 6jU?/poi;s ecos ay ayayo)- 
 fxcv, tva e^Mv koL av to, incrTa Trap' ?//xwy irope'urj ; KaX 
 Tov a-OKplvaa-Qai Xe'yerat, ^EvvoSi ydp, (pdvai, on e'xo- 15 
 jmei' rd Trto-rd kv rais rjixeripaLS '^lfV)(^aLS Koi rals rjixere- 
 pais x^pa-iv. ovTca yap boKOvpiev Trapea-Kevda-dai, as r)y 
 fxev dkrjdevrjTe, iKavol elvai vp.as ev ttolciv rjv 8e l^aTra- 
 rdre, ovtco vop.i(op.€v exeiz; ws ov\ rip.ds e(^' v/nTz; eaeo-^at, 
 dAAd p.aX\ov, rjv ol Ocol deXaxTtv, vp-as (cf>' ripXv yevi- 20 
 adat. Kal p.ivToi, €(^r], d) 'TpKavLOL, iireiTrep (par^ vcrra- 
 Tovs iirecrOai tovs vp.€Tepovs, eireibdv tbr]Te avTovs, 
 <Tr]pi.r]vaT€ r}p.LV otl oi vp,tTepoi elcnv, tva (piibuipLeda 
 
 14 a^irwi;. dKovcravTes be raura ot *Tp/<dytot ttjv p.ev obov 
 rjyovvTo axnrep eKe'Aeue, T-qv be p(ap.r}v Trjs '^^XV^ e6av- 25 
 fiaCoV Kal ovTe ^Aa-avptovs ovre Avbovs ovTe tovs 
 avp^p-dxovs avTcav e0o/3oCi'ro, dAAd pt.rj iravTaTracnv 6 
 Kupo9 p.iKpdv Tiva avTtiiv oiotro poiirjv elvai. Kal ixpocrov- 
 T<t)v Kal duovTcov.
 
 lO XENOPHON, 
 
 A miraculous light guides Cyrus through the darkness. The Hyr- 
 
 canians join him. 
 
 Uopevoixivcov he cTret vv^ kireyhero, AeyeTai (^cSs r(3 15 
 Ki^po) Kol r(3 (TTpaTevixaTL e/c rod ovpavov T:po(j)aves yev€- 
 \—AJk/^»m^ crOai, ajore Tracrt }xkv (ppiK-qv iyyCyveaOat irpos to Oetov, 
 Odppos be TTpos Tovs TTokep^Lovs. COS 8' evCctivoi re koI 
 5 Ta^v eiTopevovTo, eJKorcos TrokkrjV re 6861; birjvvcrav koL 
 a^ia Kvi(f)a Trkrja-iov yiyvovrai tov tS>v 'TpKavicov arpa- 
 TevfxaTOi. 0)5 8' eyvuxrav oi ayyeXoc, koI t(5 Kvp<a 16 
 XeyovcTLV on ovtoC ela-tv ol crcfieTepoL' rw re yap vaTa- 
 Tovs eTvaL yiyvcoa-netv ecpacrav koX rw T:\rjdei tS>v irvpStv' 
 
 10 eK TOVTov TTep-TteL tov tTepov avT&v irpos avTovs, Tu^as 17 
 Xiyeiv, el ^ikoi elcrCv, ws rdxtaTa viravTav tcls berths 
 avaTeivavTar a-vp.-nep.-nei be Tiva kol tQv <rvv eavrco 
 Kol Xeyeiv eKekevcre rois 'TpKaviots ort ws hv bpStcriv 
 avTov'i irpoa^epoiievovs, ovTca Ka\ avToX TTOcqcrova-iv. ovroy 
 
 15 8^ 6 piev p-evei tS>v dyyekcov iiapa r(5 Kvpo), 6 8e Trpoo-- 
 ekavvei irpos tovs 'TpKavCovS' ev <a 8' ecrKOireb tovs 18 
 'TpKaviovs 6 Kvpos o,tl TTOirja-ovatv, eTreVrrjo-e to aTpd- 
 revp-a' Trapekavvovcn be -npos avTov ol Tcav M?j8a)y 
 irpoecrrrjKore? koI 6 Ttypdvr]s kol eTrepcoToxn tl beZ 
 
 20 TToielv. 6 be keyei avTols otl tovt ecrri to irkiqa-iov 
 'TpKavicov cTTpaTevpia kol oV)(eTai 6 erepos t&v ayyekoiv 
 TTpos avTovs Kol tQ>v i)p.eTepoov rts (rvv avT^, epovvTes, el 
 (jytkoi elaiv, viravTid^etv tus be^tas dvaTeivavTas TrdvTas. 
 rjv p.ev ovv ovTOi TrotcScrt, be^Lov(r9e re avTovs KaB' hv &y 
 
 25 17 eKaaTos Kol ap.a OappvveTe' r\v be orrka atpoovTai. rf 
 <\>evyeiv ein\€Lp<aa-t, tovtu>v, ecfyrj, evOvs 8ei TTp(aTU)V Tret- 
 paa-Oai prjbeva kmelv. 6 p.ev TOiama itapriyyeikev. ol 19 
 8e 'TpKoytot dKOvaavTes t&v dyyekcov ■q<T6r](rdv re koI 
 avaitribriaavTes em tovs 'It:t:ovs Traprjaav tcls be^ids,
 
 CYROPAEDIA, IV. W. II 
 
 coa-TTep €tp)]To, TrporeivovTes' ol 8e Mrjhoi Kot Uepcrat. 
 
 20 avTehe^tovvTo re avTovs koI kOappvvov. l/c tovtov hr\ 
 6 Kvpos Aeyet, *Hju,ets fxev bri, S 'TpKaytot, 7/877 vpuv 
 Tna-Tevopiev' koL vjuSs 8e XPV "^pos rifxas ovtcos €)(€iv. 
 TovTo 8', e^Tj, irpGiTov rjjjuv etiraTe itoa-ov airex^i evOevbc 5 
 ev6a al ap^j^ai eicrt rwv iroXeixicav koX to adpoov avrdv. 
 ol 8' aiTCKpLvavTO on oXCyia nKiov i) Trapaa-dyyrjv. 
 
 Cyrus exhorts Ms troops to strenuous efforts, and gi'ves further 
 directions for the pursuit and attack, 
 
 21 ^YivravQa 87) Aeyet 6 Kvpo?, ""Ayere 8?], et^Tj, S avbpes 
 Hepcrat KOt M^8ot Kat v/xets S 'TpKavcoi, yjb-q yap Kal 
 irpbs vp-as w? irpos <rvppd)(^ovs koI koivcovovs biaXiyopat, 10 
 eS )(/)rj et8ez^at yCi' ore Iv tolovtc^ iapkv evOa brj paXa- 
 KLcrdpLevoL pkv av iidvTutv t5>v xP-X^TKordrMv Tv\oip.iv' 
 Xcracn yap ol irokipioi, ec^' a iJKopeV rjv 8e to Kaprepbv 
 kp-fiaXop^voi lu)p.ev pc^p-^l Kal dvp^ ctti tovs irokepiovs, 
 avTLKa juidA.' oxj/ea-Oe uxnrep hovkoiv diTobi.bpa(rK6vT(av 15 
 rjvpr^pivoiv tovs pev iKerevovTas avr&v, tovs be (pevyovTas, 
 Tovs 8' ovbe TavTa (ppovelv bwap-ivovs. riTT7]pevoL re 
 yap o\j/ovTaL fjpds nal ovTe oiopevoi ij^eiv ovTe avvTe- 
 Taypivoi oiJre pdx^eaOai. Trapecmevacrpivoi KaTei.Kr]pp,ivoi 
 
 22 tdovTai. €6 ovv rjbeuis (Hovkopeda Kal beiTrvfjaai, Kal 20 
 vvKTepevtrat Kal [BLOTeveiv to otto Tovbe, p}] bS>p,ev rovroi? 
 (r\o\r}v p.'qTC ^ovkevcraaOai. p.rjTe TiapafTKevdcraa-dai dya- 
 60V avTols p.r]bev, prjbe yv&vat Trdpirav otl dvOpcoTroi 
 ecr/xey, dkkd yippa Kal KOnLbas kol aaydpeis aTtavTa Kal 
 
 23 Ttkriyds rjKeiv vopi^ovTOiV. Kal v/xet? p.iv, kcfirj, o) 'TpKdvioi, 25 
 vpd9 avToiis TrpOTreracrai'Tes rjpcov Tropeveade ep.irpocrOev, 
 oTToos tG>v vpeTepoiv oTrkcav opcapivoiv kavddvoopev otl 
 Tik^lcTTOv yjpovov, iTieibdv 8' eyo) Trpos rcj) a-rpaTevpaTL
 
 I a XENOPHON, 
 
 yerco/jtai twv TToXeixLcov, Trap' ifiol fxei; KaraXeiTrere 
 eKacTToi, TCL^Lv liTTTeMV, av TL biiojxai, u)s \p5>ii.ai /xevcoy 
 TTopa TO (TTpaTomhov. vjjiiav be ol fjiev ap^ovTis kol 24 
 01 Trpco-ySwrepot €i> rd^ei aOpooi ikavvere, el crox^po- 
 5 velre, Iva p.7/7rore adpoio rivl kvTv\6vTes aTT0i3i.aad?]Te, 
 ^>t'. I, /I Tovs be vecoTepovs ecpUre bicoKeiV ovtol be Kaivovjonv' 
 TovTo yap aa(f)aXe(rTaTov, vvv ws ekayjirrTovi tG)V iroke- 
 fxtdiv AtTrety, i]!/ be VLK&piev, e(f)ri, b irokkols bij Kparovcn 25 
 Tr}v Tvyi]v aveTpe\j/e, (j)vXd^a(r6aL bei to e<f)' apirayriv 
 
 lo Tpairea-Qai' ws 6 tovto TTOiSiV ovKer avrfp eaTiv, aWa 
 (TKevo(p6pos' Kttt e^ecTTi rco [jov/Xdjxti'co xprjo-Oai brj tovtco 
 0)S ajibpOLTTobia. eKelvo be )(p7) yvu>vai on. ovbev eort 26 
 KepbaXedrepov tov vlkclv' 6 yap Kparcav ajxa TtdvTa 
 (TVvripTTaKe, Kal tovs avbpas Kal ras yvvalKas kol to, 
 
 15 \pri\j.aTa koX Tracrav T-qv \(apav. Trpos rama tovto fxovov 
 opoLTe 0770)5 Tr]V vtKTjv biaa-oi(a>\xeda' eav yap KpaTrjdfj, 
 Kal avTos 6 apirdCoiv e)(^eTai„ Kal tovto ap.a bt(aKOVTes 
 fxep.vrj(r6e, iJKeiv Trakiv ws ep.e ert <pdovs ovtos. &)S 
 (TKOTOVS yevofxtvov ovbeva eTi 'npocrbeS.ojxeda. 
 
 At break of day Cyrus surprises the Assyrians^ many of 'whom 
 are slaughtered on the spot, the rest fly in disorder. The Medes 
 and Hyrcanians gallop in pursuit. The Persians occupy the 
 Assyrian camp. 
 
 20 TavT elT7U)v a'neTiep.'nev eh tols Ta^eis eKcitcrrou? Kat 27 
 eKeXevev ap.a TTopevojxevovs tois eavTov eKaa-Tov beKab- 
 apyoisTavTacTTfuiaiveiv ey/xerajTrwyap rjo-avol beKabapx^oi, 
 worre aKOveiv tovs be beKabdpx^ovs ttj beKdbi eKaaTou 
 KeXevetv irapayyeXXeiv. eK tovtov be TTporjyovvTO pkv ol 
 
 25 TpKdvtOL, avTos be to jxeaov e\(>iv avv Tols Ilepcrats 
 eiTopeveTO' tovs be linreas eKaTepcoOev, uxrirep eiKO?, 
 TiapeTa^e. tQv be TToXep-iaiv, eiiel (j)ois eyeveTo, ol p.ev 28
 
 CVROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 1 3 
 
 sdavjia^ov ra bp^^ifva, ol 8' eytyvciiCTKOv rjbt], ol b 
 TjyyekXov, ol b' e/3oa)y, ol b' eXvov ittttovs, ol be (tvv€- 
 
 KevdCoVTO, OL 8' kppilTTOVV TO. OTlka aTTO tS>V VTT0(vyC(i)V, 
 
 01 8' b)-Xi^ovTo, ol 8' avcTTribcav eirl tovs tTtirovs, ol 8' 
 €\aXivovv, ol be ras yvvoxKas ave^i^a^ov ew. ra 5 
 6)(ri}J.aTa, ol be to, TtXeCa-TOV a^ua eXafx^avov &)? 8tacra)o-o- 
 \xevoi, ol be KaTopVTTovTe^ ra TocavTa rjXicrKovTO, ol be 
 ■nXela-TOL eh (pvyrjv &p[j.(xiv' olecrQai be bel iroXXa re koX 
 TTavTobaTTO. Kol aXXa ■noLelv avToijs, "ttXtjv ep.a)(^eTO ovbeU', 
 
 29 aXX' a/iaxrjrt aTTwXXvvTO. Kpoto-o? be 6 Avbwv ^acriXevs, 10 
 b)S depos rjv, ras re yvvaiKas ev toIs appLajxa^ais irpoaire- 
 TTep.\lraT0 rrjs vvktos, w? pqov TtopevoiVTo Kara \}rvxo9, 
 
 30 Kol avTos eyjiov tovs linTeas eirrjKoXovOei. kol tov ^p-uya 
 ra avTCL ravra Trotija-at (f)acrL tov ttjs Trap* ^EiXXtjo-ttovtov 
 apyovTa ^pvyias. ws be irapridOovTo TcSy (pevyovTcav 15 
 /cat KaTaXapLJBavovTcov avTovs, T:v66p.ei'OL to yLyv6p.evov 
 
 31 e(f)evyov brj koL avTol ava Kparos. tov be tSiv Kainra- 
 boK&v (SacnXea koL tov tS^v 'Apa/Stcoy en eyyvs ovTas kul 
 VTToaTavTas aOuipaKLcrTovs KaTaKatvovaiv ol 'TpnavLot. to 
 be TxXelaTov rjv tmv cnroOavovTcav ^ Aa-arvpiMV koI ^Apafiioiv' 20 
 ev yap Ty avTwv ovTes x<^P? aavvTovcoTaTa irpos T7]v 
 
 32 Tiopeiav ei\ov. ol fxev 8?) M?/8ot Kol 'TpKavLoi, ola br] 
 etKos KpaTovvTas, TavTa eiroiovv bicoKOVTes. 6 be Kvpos 
 TOVS Trap' eavT<2 iTnre'as KaTaXet<p6evTas itepieXavveiv 
 eKeXeve to crTpaToirebov, koX el Tivas crvy ottAoi? tbocev 25 
 e^iovTas, KaTaKaiveiv rots 8' VTiop^evovcnv eKrjpv^ev, 
 OTTocrot Tciv TtoXeixtdiv (TTpaTKaTOiv rja-av iTTireis r] TteXTacrTal 
 
 T] To^oTUL, aTTO(f)epetv TO, oTrXa crvvbebep^eva, tovs be itt- 
 ttovs eTrl TOLS (TKr]vais KaTaXeiTreiv' o(ttis be TavTa p.r] 
 TTOir}(TOL, avTLna TTjs Ke(f)aXrjs (TTepi]a-e(TOai' tcls be KOTTibas 30 
 
 33 TTpoxeipovs eyovTes ev rd^et TrepUaTaaav. ol fxev ot^/ to.
 
 14 XE NOP HON, 
 
 oirka ^x^vTes (ppiiTTovv, airocfi^povTes els ly yoipiov ottol 
 tKcAeue* koI ravra fxev oh eTreVa^ez; tKaov. 
 
 How Cyrus found pro'visions for his army in the enemy* s tents, 
 and persuades the Persians neither to feast nor to lay hands on 
 the booty till their allies return from the pursuit. 
 
 'O he Kvpos evevorjo-ev otl i]k6ov p.ev ovre o-tra ovre 34 
 TTora €)(^ovTes, avev 8e tovtmv ovre a-TpaTevea-Oat. hvvarov 
 5 ovT aXko TTOulv ovhiv. (tkohGiv 8' oiroas av KoXkicrTa 
 KoX Ta\i<jTa ravra yhoiro, IvOvjieirai on avayKX] Tracrt 
 Tois o-rparevojxevois elvai riva ot(o Kal a-Krivrjs fxeXi]a-€L 
 Kal OTTcos raTTiri]b€La Trapea-Kevacrixeva rots crrparicaraLs 
 €l(nov(n,v earat. koI rolvvv eyvca on rovrovs eiKos 35 
 
 lo jxaX-tcrra Travroiv kv rw (rrparo7rebu> vvv KaretXijcjiOai r]y 
 8ta ro ajjiipl crvcrKevacrLav 'i\eiv' eKrjpv^e hr] 'nap^lvai 
 rovs eTTLrpoTtovs rrdvras' el be ttou [xtj eir} eTTirpoiros, 
 rov Trpecrjivrarov ajro (tki]vt]S' tm he aTreiOovvn navra 
 ra yake-na avelirev. ol he opGtvres Ka\ rovs hefmoras 
 
 15 rteidoixevovs ra)(y eneiOovro. CTrei he Trapeyevovro, rrpS)- 
 rov jxev eKe\eve KaOi^eaOai avr5)v oaois ecrrl irkeov rj 
 hvolv ixrjvolv ev rrj a-Krjvrj raTTtrrjheta. eirel he rovrovs 36 
 elhev, avdis eKekevev ocrois ixrjvbs ^]v' ev rovro) a^ehov 
 TTCLpres eKaOi^ovTo. eTtel he ravra ep-aOev, etrrev uthe 37 
 
 20 avrols' "Ayere vvv, etpr], S avhpes, el rive^ v[xu>v ra fxev 
 KaKo. pLiaelre, p.akaKOv he nvos irap y]p.Giv fiovKoiad' hv 
 rvyyaveLV, e'nt,jxekriOr]re TTpoOvp-ois oircos hnrkda-ca ev rr] 
 a-Krjvfi kKaarj] alra Ka\ rrora TrapecrKevaa-fxeva 77 17 rots 
 beaTTorais Kal rols OLKtrais Kad^ rjp.epav erroLelre' Kal 
 
 25 rdXka he irdvra oTTocra Kakr]v balra rrape^ei erot/xa 
 TTOielre, w? avriKa p.dka irapiaovrat oirorepoi av Kpa- 
 TcSai, Koi d^uocrova-Lv eKirkeu) e^eiv ndvra rdnirribeia.
 
 CyROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 15 
 
 €v ovv t<TTe oTi (TV/x^epot hv viuv djue'/XTrrcos bix^aOaL 
 
 38 Tovs avbpas. ol txkv br] ravT aKOvaavres TTokXfj arTTOvbrj 
 TO. Ttaprj-yyeXixeva (irparTov' 6 be a-vyKakicras tovs ra£i- 
 dpxovs eA.e£e TOidbe "Avbpes (^iXoi, ytyvwo-Kco p.\v 
 oTi vvv e^eoTiy rjixtv irporepoLS diTovTOiv tQ>v crvixixayuiv 5 
 dpLCTTOV Tvx^dv Kol Tois fJidkKTTa 6(77701)8 ao'/xei'ots Kttt 
 (tCtols Koi TTOTois xPW^^''' "^^' *^^ H'^'' SoxeT tovt av 
 TO apia-Tov Ttkiov a)c/)eA.7?crat i7jLias ?) to t5>v (TViip.aya>v 
 e77i/xeXeTs (pavrjvai, ovb' av avTrj rj evoixia ia-xvporepovs 
 TocrovTOV TTOLrjaai ocrov et bwaifxeda tovs (TVixfj.axovs lo 
 
 39 TTpodvpiOVs TTOteto-^ai. et be t&v vvv bLcoKovTOiV nai 
 KaTaKaLVovTCDV tovs rjixeTepovs iroXep-LOVS koI ixaxop-evcav, 
 ct Tis havTLOVTat, TOVTOiv bo^opiev ovtms dp-eXdv ajore 
 KOI TTplv dbivai irois -npciTTovcnv rjpia-TrjKOTes (fiaCvea-dai, 
 oircos fXTj ai(rxpol fxev cpavovpieOa, dcrOevels 8' eaop-eda 15 
 avp.p.dx(>>v diropovvres. to be tG)V KivbvvevovToov Kai 
 TTovovvTOiv €Tnp.eXr]6rjvai otto)? datovTes TcnriTijbeia e^ov- 
 aw, avTr\ av rjpids rj doivq TrAetu) evcppdveiev, ws eyw 
 
 40 (prjp.!., ri TO TiapaxpW^ '''V yo.(TTp\ xapiVao-^at. kvvori- 
 aaTe b', €(\>r], ws d p,r]b' eKeivovs alaxwTiov ^v, ovb' 20 
 &s rjpXv vvv TTpoa-rjKei, ovt€ TrX.i^ap.ovijs ttco ovre p-eOrjs' 
 ov yap TTCO btaTriTTpaKrat, rjpuv a l3ovX6p,e9a, dXk av to, 
 -navTo. vvv aKp.d(et eTTt/xeAttas beop-eva. exop-ev yap kv 
 TcS <TTpaTOTTeb(o TTokep-Lovs ■JToX.XaiTXacriovs rjp.G>v avToiv, 
 Kal TOVTOvs XeXvp-evovr ovs Ka\ cfyvkdrrea-Oat, to-cos e'r6 25 
 Trpoo-TjKCi Kal (fyvkaTTCtv, oirois mctl Kal ol TTOi-qaovTes 
 rjp.lv TdTnTi]beLa- hi 8' ol liriids rjpXv aTreto-i, (fypovTiba 
 TTapexovTes ttov eicri, Kav eXdcocrLv, d Tiapap-evovaiv. 
 
 41 cocTT, S) avbpes, vvv /xot 80/cei toiovtov (tItov i]p.ds -npocr- 
 ^epeaOai belv koI tolovtov ttotov ottolov dv tl (Tvp.- 30 
 (jiopoiTaTov eXr] irpos to p.r]Te vttvov p.riTe d(})po<rvvr]s
 
 l6 XENOPHON, 
 
 f/xTT^/XTrXao-^at. en 8^ /cat y^prniara TroWa Icttiv kv rco 42 
 
 (TTpaTOTTihcO, Kttl O^K ayVOci) 076 hvvaTOV fjIXLV KOtV&V 
 
 ovTutv rots avyKaT€LXr](f)6(n i'0(rcf)i(ra(r9aL oirocra hv /3ou- 
 Aw/xe^a* dAA.' ou /xot 8oKet ro XafBeiv /cepSaXecorepoy 
 5 fti^at Toi3 htKaCovs (^aivoiiivovs ckclvov^ tovtw -nupa- 
 crdai ert fxakKov Troteiv ^ yw do-TTti^eo-^at ^juas. So/cei 43 
 8' €iJLOLy, i(pr], Kol TO velfxai to, xp'/jwara, eTreibav eA- 
 6(x)(Ti, Mrjhots KOL 'TpKavioLS koI Tiypavr] etrtTpe'^aL' koI 
 rjv TL fxewv rip.lv baarcovTai, K^pbos ?/yeto-^af 8ta yap to. 
 
 lo Kepbrj i]hiov r]pxv irapap-evovcn. to pikv yap vvv TrAeo- 44 
 veKTrjaaL 6Xiyo\p6viov av rjpXv tov ttKovtov 'napaayoc 
 TO he Tama irpoepLevovs (Kelva KTrjaacrOat 66ev 6 ttXov- 
 Tos (f)veTai, TovTo, b)S eyo) boK&, aevaaTepov rjfuv bvvaiT 
 av-Tov dK(3ov Kal Trao-t rots ■t]peTipoLS Trape^etv. oTpat 45 
 
 15 8', ^(fyr}, Kal ouot 57p,as tovtov eveKa aa-Kelv (cat yacTTpoi 
 KpeiTTOvs eXvai Kal Kepbecav aKalpoiV, Iv, el Trore 8eot, 
 bvvatpeOa avTols a-vpLcpopo)^ ^prjo-Qat' ttov b' av iv [xeC~ 
 (ocn Ta>v vvv irapovTOiv e7n8et£atp,e5' av Trjv Ttaibeiav 
 iyo) p-ev ovx opcS. 6 ju.ey ovtu>s etTre. (rvvelTre 8' avT<^ 46 
 
 2o 'To-rcto-Tras avi]p Ilepa-rjs rcSy ojuortjucoy c58e* Aeivov yap 
 TOLV etrj, Si Kvpe, et ev dr]pa p.ev TToAAciKts acnToi Kap- 
 Tepovpev, OTTO)? drjpLov tl viro^eipiov irofqa-copieOa Koi 
 p.d\a p.LKpov tcrcas d^LOV oX^ov be oKov TTeip(i)p.evoi 
 drjpav el ep.TTob(ov tl TTOLrjaaipeOa yeveaOai ripXv h rwy 
 
 2^ pev KaK&v avOpuiTTwiv dLp)(e(., rots 8' dya^ots ireideTai, 
 ovK ^v TTpeiTOVTa i]plv boKovp.ev Ttoielv. 6 p.ev ovv 'Tcrrd- 47 
 o-TTos oiVcos eluev ot 8' d'AAot Trdi'res Tama crvvijvovv. 
 6 be Kvpos elirev, "Aye 8?/, e'^r/, e-neibr] 6p.ovoovp.ev 
 Tama, Trepy^aTe diro Ao')(ou eKaaTos irevre aySpas tu>v 
 
 30 (TTTOuoatordrcoi'" owrot 8e TtepLLovTes, ovs p.ev av opSiaL 
 TtopcrvvovTas rdTTtrrySeia, enaivovvTMv' ovs 8' av ap.^-
 
 CVROPAEDIA, IV. iii. 17 
 
 /iey bri Tavra knoLovVt 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Cyrm is "vexed that the Medes and Hyrcanians shotdd be gaming 
 fame and plunder while he and his Persians are obliged to re- 
 main inactive. 
 
 1 TSiV hi lslr\hu>v riyes rjhr], 01 \xkv afjA^as Trpocop/xTj/xeyas 
 KaraXafiovTes koL aTTocrTpe\}/avTes Ttpo(Tr\Kavvov fxea-ras 
 5tv Seirat (TTpaTLa, ol de koX apfxaixd^as yvvaiKcav t&v 5 
 ySeArtoTtoy t&v fxev yvrja-ioiv, tQ>v 8e koX iraXXaKibctiv 
 bio. TO ndXXos (Tvp.'nepiayop.ivciiv, ravras elk-qcpoTes Ttpocr- 
 
 2 T]yov. Traires yap ert koX vvv 01 Kara ttjv 'Acriav 
 aTpaTev6p.€voi, exoires to. irXeia-Tov d^ia arpare'vovTat, 
 A.eyoi»res on p.dWov \xdyoLVT av ei to (piXTara irapeir}' 10 
 rovrots yap (j)a(TLV dvdyKr]v eTvai, TTpo6vjj.U)S dAe^ety. 
 X<T(os fJ.€v ovv oi'rcos ^X^'j larois be Kal itoiova-Lv avra rfj 
 ■f)bovfi yapi^op-^voi. 
 
 8 'O 8e Kvpos 0eo)po)V to. t&v Mrjboiv ^pya Kal 'Tpxa- 
 
 VLCaV UXTTTCp KaT€p.ip.(f)€T0 KOI OVTOV KoX TOV^ CTVV aVvQ, 1 5 
 
 ct 01 dXkoL TovTov Tov \p6vov dKfxd^eLV T€ [xaXXov kav- 
 T&v iboKOVV Kal TrpocKTacrOaL rt, avrol b kv dpyorepq, 
 X<iipa v-nop-iveiv. koa. yap br\ ol aTrdyovTcs Kal dirobei- 
 Kvvvres Kvpoa h ^yov irdXtv dirrikavvov, ixerabLtaKovTes 
 Tovs dXXovs' TavTa yap <T(f)i(nv (.(pacrav T^rdydai -notelv 20 
 xmo TO)v dpyJivTOiv. baKvop-evos bj] 6 Kvpos ctti tov- 
 
 C
 
 CTjc^v-.y 
 
 1 8 XENOPHOJV, 
 
 Tois Tavra fiev o/ixcos /care^wpt^e* (rvveKdXci. be irdXiv 
 Tovs Ta^Lap-x^ovs, koL crras ottov avTOV ejaeAXov aKOV(r€- 
 crOai TO. l3ov\(v6fj.€va Aeyf t raSe. 
 
 He proposes that the Persians should take the horses that had been 
 left behind by the Assyrians and learn to ride. 
 
 Otl (Jiiv, S> avbpes (f)L\oi, el KaTacr^oiixev ra vvv irpo- 4 
 5 (paivoixeva, p-eyaXa jxev av aTracri Tlepcrais ayaOa yevoiTO, 
 iiiyicTTa 8' hv etKorco? i][ja.v hi &v TTpdrTeTai., ttAvtcs otp-aL 
 ytyvuxTKere' ottcos 8' av avrOiv rnxels Kvpioi yiyvoip.eda, 
 117] avTapKets owes KTrjcracrdai avrd, el ixrj ecrrai olKelov 
 iTnTLKov Tlepa-aLS tovto eyw ovKeri 6p5>. evvoelre yap br), 5 
 
 10 €(f)r}' eyop-ev rjixels ol Ylepcrai oTrAa ols boKovpiev rpeire- 
 crOai TOVS TToAejuiou? opLoae lovres' Kal brj Tpe'nop.evoi irol- 
 ovs liTiTeas 17 To^oras ^ TreArao-ras 17 aKOVTia-ras avev 
 tifncnv ovres bvvaipied^ av (pevyovras- rj XafBelv rj KaraKa- 
 velv ; Tives 8' av (j}o(So'ivTo 77/xa? TrpocnovTes KaKOvv 17 
 
 15 ro^o'rai r\ aKovrta-Tal 7) i777rets, ev elbores ort. ovbei.9 
 avTols Kivbvvos xxf)' rjp.Qv KaKov tl iradelv fiaXkov 77 vtto 
 T&v TTecpvKOTMv bevbpcov ; el 6' ovtco ravT e\ei, evbrjXov 6 
 ort ol vvv Tiapovres ripuv linrels vop,L^ov(Ti Travra to. vtto- 
 X^^pi-o- yiyv6p.eva eavrcav elvai ovx rJTTov rj r}p.eTepa, Icrcas 
 
 20 be VI] Ata Kal p.dKXov. vvv p.ev ovv ovToy ravT e\et Kar 7 
 dvAyn-qv. el 8' ■r]}xeZs Ittttlkov KTrjaaifxeOa p,r] xelpov toV' 
 Toov, ov iracTLV i]pXv KaTa<paves otl tovs t av TToXep.Lovs 
 bvvatp.eda Kal avev tovtojv iroielv oa-atrep vvv crvv tov- 
 tols, tovtovs re e)(ot/xey hv Tore ]xeTpia>Tepov irpos rjpias 
 
 2c^ ^povovvTas ; oTrore yap Tiapelvai koI dinevai ^ovXolvto, 
 rJTTov av TjixLv /xeAof Kal yap ^v avev tovtu>v apKolp-ev 
 Tjiuv avTOLS. eZeV Tama p.ev br] oijuai ov8ets hv avri,- 8 
 yvcojxovrjaeLe p.r] ov)(l Fo Tvav biacpepetin Ylepacov yevecrdai
 
 CYROPAEDIA, IV. ill. 19 
 
 ot/cctov iTT'TTiKoi'' d\A' ^Kilvo 1(70)? eyyoctre TraJs ai" rouro 
 yivoiTO. ap^ ovv crKey\r(aix^6a, el ^ovKoiixeda KaQicrTavai 
 9 iTiTTLKOv, ri rjfxlv vTrap^et koL tivos kvhel ; ovkovv Xttttoi. 
 fxkv ovToi 'noXkol kv rw orparoTreSa) KaT€tX.r]iJ.ixevoL Koi 
 XctAiyol ots ireidovTai /cat raAAa ocra 8ei iTTTrots Ix^ovo-i 5 
 Xprjcrdai. ahXa \xr\v Ka\ ots ye 8et avhpa linTea ^pria-Oai 
 €yop.ev, 6<apaKas p.€v kp'vp.ara tS>v (rcop.dT(i}v, ■TraA.ra 8e ots 
 Kol jjij6iivT€S Koi e)(^ovT€s xpcfixeO' av. ri 8r) to \oltt6v ; 
 
 10 bijXov OTL avbpSiv Set. ovkovv tovto ixdktcTTa exo/xey' 
 oiibev yap o vrajs rjixerepov Icttlv ws ^/iets 7;/xty aiirots. 10 
 oAA' epet rts tcrcos oVt ovk eTrtora/ie^a. /jia At', ov8e yap 
 TovToov tSiv eTTLCTTaixevoiv vvv itpXv ixaOelv ovSets riirCaTaTo. 
 
 11 dAA.' etTTOt av rts ort TratSes oz^res kp.av6avov. Kal tto- 
 Tepa TTalbes den (fipovLpLCOTepoL coare p-aOelv to, (ppa^oixeva 
 Kal beiKvyixeva rj avbpes ; TrorepoL be hv pLaOutcnv tKavcarepoL 15 
 
 12 rw crcofiart eKTroi^eii^, ot iratSes rj ol avbpes ; dAA.d ju.^y o-)(0- 
 A77 yerjixlv jxavdaveiv ocrx] ovre TTaialv ovre dAXot? avbpdcnv' 
 ovT€ yap To^eveiv i^pXv piaOrjreov uxnrep rots "naiai' irpo- 
 eirto-rdjbte^a ydp tovto' ovTe p.r]v aKovTi^eiv' eTii(TTdp.e6a 
 yap Kal tovto' dXX ovbe ixr]v, Sicrnep rots dAAots av- 20 
 bpacTL rots fxev yeoypyiaL aayoXiav Trape^ovcn, rots 8^ 
 Te^vat, rots 8e aAAa ot/ceta* ^//ty 8e o-TpaTevecrOaL ov 
 
 13 p.ovov (T)(joKri, aXKa Kal dvdyKr}. dAAd juTJi' oti^ &(nTep 
 aXXa TToAAd rwz; TToXep.iK5>v )(aAe7rd /xe'y, xpr/o-tjua Se'* 
 tiTTTtK^ 8e ov/c ev 68a) jue/; r]bioiv tj avTolv toIv iroboXv 25 
 TTopevecrdai ; ev be (nrovbrj ovx^ rjbv Taxy^pLev 0tA(o irapa- 
 yevecrOai, el beoi, Tayy be, etre avbpa eire Ofjpa 8e'ot 
 Stw/ceo-^at, KaTaXaftelv ; eKetvo be ov^t evTreres ro o,rt 
 av beji ottXov (pipeiv tov lttttov tovto a-vpcfyepeLv ; ovkovv 
 
 14 TavTo y ea-Tlv ex^iv re Kal (jiepetv. 6 ye fjir}v p-dkia-T av 30 
 rts (\)0^r]6eCr], pJr] el benjcret e0' Xttttov Kivbvveveiv ripLas 
 
 C 2
 
 ao XENOPHON^ 
 
 TTpOTepOV TTplv aKpijBoVV TO €pyOV TOVTO, K&TTeiTa firiT€ 
 
 ire^ol €TL Siixev p.r\Te ttco tTrTreis iKavoi, dA\' ovh\ tovto a\xri- 
 \avov' oTTOv yap av l3ov\(opL€6a, e^icrrai rjfuv Tre^ots evdvs 
 p.a\ea-6aL' ovhev yap twv ire^LKWv aTTO\xad7]cr6p.i6a Itt- 
 5 TT^veiv ixavddvovTes. Kupo? fxev oiJrcos etTre. \pv(T6,VTas 15 
 6e (Tvvayope.v(av avT<^ (35e e'Ae^ey. 
 
 Chrysantas eagerly supports the proposal, A horseman, he says^ 
 is better than a Centaur, 
 
 'AX\' eyo) [ikv, ^(pt], ovtcos eTrt^u/ixw iTnTeveiv p.a6iZv 
 cbs vo[j.i((o, rjv LTTTTevs yivMjxai, avdpcoTTOs TTTrivos yevecrdat- 
 vvv p.\v yap ^ycoye ayairca ijv y e£ "icrov ro) QAv opixrid^ls 16 
 
 lo avOpcoTTMV fjLovov Tjj KC^aAJj 7rp6a\a), kolv drjpiov irapa- 
 Oiov Ihoiv ovva(r6G> bLaTeLvajxevos (f>daaai ware aKOvrCaat 
 ri To^evcrai irplv Trdvv Trpocra) avrb yev^crdai. r}v 8 Ximevs 
 yiv(op.aL, hvvr]<jop,ai fiev dvhpa e£ o\//^ecos fxrJKovs KaOaipelv' 
 hvvri(Top.ai 8e Oi-jpia bioxoov to. jxcv ck )(etpo? TraUtv KaTa- 
 
 15 X.aii^dv(i)V, TO, 8e aKovri^eiv Scnrep (crTrjKOTa' koI yap 
 idv d[X(f)6Tepa Ta^ia fi, op-cos kav ttXtjo-lov yiyvrjTai, dXA?;- 
 Xa)v, oia-TTep to. ka-TrjKOTa icrTai.. b^ br} p^dXiaTa boK(a 17 
 C^ov, €(l>r], k^rjXcoKevat iTTTTOKevTavpovs, el iyivovTO uxttc 
 'npo^ovXeveaOai p.\v dv9p(OTT0V (fypovrjcreif rats 8e X^P^' '"o 
 
 20 biov TTakap-aaOai, Xii-nov be Taxps e^etv koI la^vv, coore 
 TO fxev (f}evyov alpe'iv, to b vTiop.evov dvaTpeTieiv, ovkovv 
 TrdvTa Kdy<a TavTa iTnrevs yev6p.evos crvyKO}ii^op.aL TTpbs 
 efxavTov. iipovoelv [lev ye e^co iravTa ttj dvOpoiTrivr] is 
 yv(ap.r], Tals be \ep(rlv OTTkocfyoprjao), bLco^opiai bi tw 
 
 25 iTTTTO), Tov 8' evavTiov avaTpixj/oi ttj tov lttttov pvp.r\, dXk 
 ov (Tvp.TT€(})VK<3)s bebi]croiJ.ai. uxrTrep oi iTnroKevTavpoL' 
 OVKOVV TOVTO ye KpetTTov rj (rvixTTe(f)VKevai. tovs fxev yap 19 
 iiTTTOKevTavpovs olp-ai eycoye ttoAAoTs fxev duopelv tS>v
 
 CYROPAEDIA, IV. 111. 21 
 
 av9p<aTT0is T]vpr\iiiv(i>v aya65>v oTTOis bel xprjaOai, iroXXols 
 8e Tav tiTTTois irecpvKOTOiv Tjbeoov ttQs avT&v x.P^? airo- 
 
 20 Xaveiv. eyci) be r]v iTnreveLV fMadio, orav /xei; iirl tov 
 tiTTTOv yevoiixai, to. tov iiTTTOKevTavpov brjirovOev biaTTpa- 
 ^ojjLat,' orav b\ KarajSG), benrvrjao) kol a\x(l>U(TO}xai koX 5 
 KaOevb-qcTUi uxnrep ol akXoi avdpoiTrot' axrre tl aX\o tj 
 biaipeTos I'mroKivravpo^ koX irdX.tv (ruvOeros yiyvo\xai ', 
 
 21 en b\ €(pri, kol Toicrbe TTkeoveKTrja-a) tov iTTiroKevTavpov' 
 6 fxev yap bvoiv ocpdaKpiolv irpoecopaTO Koi bvolv iaToiv 
 ijKovev' eyo) be TeTrapcn p-ev ocpdaXpols TeKp.apovp.ai, 10 
 TeTTapcTL be axriy aladi]aop.aL' iroWa yap (f)a(n Kal lttttov 
 av6p(oTTov Toli 6(f)da\p.ols 'npoopQtvTa biqXovv, TroAAa 8^ 
 Tots tiicriv OLKOVovTa (Tr]p.aiveiv. ep.e p.ev ovv, e(pi-i, ypd(f)e 
 tS>v iTTireveiv VTrepeTndvpovvTMv. N^ tov AC, ecpacrav 
 
 22 oi akkoL TTCLVTes, Kal r]p.as ye. e/c tovtov brj 6 Kvpos 15 
 XeyeL, Ti ovv, e(pr], eiret acpobpa ijpuv boKel TavTa, el Kal 
 vopov Tjpuv avTols TTOLrjo-aCp.eOa alcry^pov etvat, ols av 
 iTTTTOUs eyo) TTopia-M, ijv rts (})avfj TreCfj i]pS>v TTOpevopevos, 
 ijv re TTokXriv ijv re dkiyr]V obov bej] biekOelv ; tva koX 
 TTavTOLTTaaLv LTTTTOKevTavpovs rjpias oXcovTaL avOpcD-noL eXvai. 20 
 
 23 6 p.ev ovTcas ein^peTo, ol be iravres (Tvvr\vecrav' war' en 
 /cai vvv e^ eKetvov \pCiiVTai YIepaat ovrca, Kal ovbels &v 
 T&v Kak(av KayaOGiV eKUiv dipdeir] Uepcr&v ovbajxrj ire^bs 
 l<i>v. ol fxev br] ev tovtols toIs koyois ■^crav.
 
 22 XENOPHON, 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Medes and Hyrcanians return, bringing ivith them a number 
 of captives. Cyrus sets the prisoners free. 
 
 ^YlvlKa 8' e'^w jxea-ov rjfxepas eyevero, TTpoa-'qXavvov fxkv 1 
 ol MrjboL tTTTreis koI 'TpKavioi, t-mrovs re ayoires aiyjia- 
 Awrou? KoX avbpas' oo-ot yap to, oirka Trapihihocrav, ov 
 KaT€Kavov' €TTel be irpoariXaaav, TTp&Tov fxev avrStv 
 5 iTTwOdvero 6 Kvpos el awOelev iravTes avTca' eireX he 2 
 tovt' e<pa<Tav, eK tovtov ripatra ti e'npa^av. ol he hir]- 
 yovvTo a t eTTOirjcrav Kol b>s avbpeLO)S eKaara efxeyaXr]' 
 yopovv. 6 he hiriKove re rjbecos TrdvTCdV h ejBovXovTO 3 
 Keyeiv eiretTa be koL eTT'^vecrev avTovs ovTcas' AAAa kol 
 
 lo hrjkoC TOL, e(f)r], ecrre otl avbpes ayaOol eyevecrOe' kol yap 
 [xeiCovs (f)aivecrde Kal KaXXCovs Kal yopyorepoi rj Trpoadev 
 Ihelv. e/c be tovtov eirvvOdveTo rjhrj avTcov koI 6tt6<ti-iv 4 
 ohbv hi,riXa<rav Kal el oIkoIto rj yjapa. ol 8' ekeyov otl 
 Kal TToXXrjv bieXdcretav Kal Tiaaa oIkoIto koX \j.e<TTr\ etr] 
 
 15 oloiv Kal alySiv Kal ^oSiv koI ittttcoi; Kai o-Ctov Kal Trdv- 
 TOiv dyad&v. Avolv dv, e<pri, e-TnjxeXrjTeov T]pA,v etr], ottco? 5 
 T€ KpeiTTovs eaop-eOa t&v avTo. e^ovTUiv Kal ottcos ovtoi 
 jxevovcTLv' oiKOvp-evr] p.ev yap x^P'^ ttoXXov d^iov KTfjpia' 
 epr][j.ri 8' dvOpcoTTcov ovaa eprip-T] Kal t&v dyaOwv yiyveTai. 
 
 20 Tov^ fxev ovv dp.vvop.evovs, e(})r], olba oti KaTeKdvere, 6 
 6p6(as TtOLOVVTes' tovto yap p-dXiaTa crco^et T-qv vtKrjv' 
 Tovs he TrapabibovTas a^XMaAwrou? riydyeTe' ovs ei 
 d(})eLriixev, tovt avTo avpicfyopov dv, ws eyca (f>rjp.i,, ttoitj- 
 aaijxev. irpwroy piev yap vvv ovk av (pvXaTTecrOat ovbe (pv- 7 
 
 25 XdvTetv Tjp.d'i TOVTOV^ beoi, ovb^ av aaoTioielv tovtols' ov 
 yap Ai/x(j) ye 8^7701; KaTaKavovjxev avTovs' eiretTa he tov-
 
 CFROPAEDIA, IV. iv. 23 
 
 8 Tovs a(f)evT€S 'nkdocriv alxfJ-aXxarois XPl^^^ixeOa' rjv yap 
 KparQixev rijs x^P^^> Trayres rjixlv ol h avrfj oIkovvt€S 
 alxfxdkoiToi, ecrovTai' fxakXov 8e tovtovs C&vras Ibovres 
 Kol a(f)idevTas [x^vovcrtv ol aXkoi koi TTeCOea-dai alp-qaovTaL 
 ^xaXXov rj ixax^a-Oai. eyw p.'kv ovv ovTca yLyvuxTKa)' et 8' 5 
 
 9 aXXo Tts opq apietvov, AeyeVo). 01 8e aKovcravT^s avvi']- 
 vovv Tavra ttouIv. ovtco brj 6 Kvpos KoAeVas tovs al^- 
 
 10 p.a\(6Tovs Aeyet Toidbc "Avbpe^, €(f)r], vvv re otl k-nd- 
 deade TCLS \lwxas irepwnoiria-aade, tov re Xoiirov, rjv ovtch 
 TTOLTJTe, Ovb' OTLOVV KUKOV ^(TTai vp.Lv dA.A' rj ovx 6 avTos 10 , t 
 
 ap^et v/x5y ocnrep kol irpor^pov' oUriariTc 6e ras avras 
 oUCas Kol x^po-v rrjv avrrjv ipydcrea-de kol yvvai^l rals 
 avTOLs avvoLKr](r€T€ kol TraCbcov tQv vp.€Tep(t)v dp^ere 
 uia-nep vvv rjpuv p,ivToi. ov p.axd.cr6^ ovhe d\\(o ovbevi' 
 rjvUa 8' dv ns vixds dhiKfj, r]p.ds virep vp5>v p.axovp.e6a. 15 
 
 11 0770)9 8e /X7j8' k-nayyikkri pLrjbeU vplv (TTpareveiv, ra 
 OTTka TTpos rjp.ds Kop.iaaTe koX toIs pkv Kop((ov(nv eo-rat 
 dpi]vr} KOL a kiyop-^v dbokcor OTroVot 8' av rd -TroAe/xt/ca 
 p.r] dTro(f)€p(ti<TLv oirka, eirt tovtovs r]p.ds koL 87) a-Tpa- 
 
 12 T€V(r6iJ.€da. kdv 8e ris vp.5)v koX liav ws ^/xS? cvvo'Ckws 20 
 KaL Trpdrrctiv tl kol 8t8acrKa>y (paLvrjTai, tovtov ?/jU.et? ws 
 ivepyeTrjv Kal (f)[kov, ovx ^^ bovkov irepUyl/opLev. Tavra 
 ovv, €(l)r], avToC re to-re Kal rots dkkots 8tayye'AAere. 
 
 13 V S' dpa, €(l)rj, vp.S)V j3ovkop.^v(av ravra p.r] -nddoiVTai 
 Tiv€S, eTTt rovrous r]p.ds dy^Te, oTtm vpids jKdvoov, p-rj 25 
 vp-eU v-n €Kdv(tiv dpxw^^- o p.\v br] ravr direv' ol be 
 TTpo(T€Kvvovv re Kal VTiKTxvovvTo TavTa Troiri<Tet.v. 
 

 
 24 XENOPHON, 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Sobriety of the Persians, luho are content <wtth bread and water 
 ivhile their allies are feasting. Ihe Persians keep 'watch round 
 the camp during the night. 
 
 'ETret 8' e/ceti'ot ^\ovto, 6 Kvpos elnev, "Upa b-q, co i 
 M^8ot Koi 'Ap/ixei'tot, beLTTvelv Tracnv tjixiv' Ttapea-Kcva- 
 (TTac be vpXv TamTribeia ws rjixels fieXnaTa ebvva[xe6a. 
 dAA.' ire koL rjpXv TrejuTrere tov TTeTTOtrjjjLivov (tItov tov ^ 
 5 rjixiavv' tKavos be ajxcfyoTepots TreTTotTjrai* oxfrov be /xtj 
 TTefjLTTeTe /XTj8e Tnelv iKava yap eyoixev Trap' riixiv avTois 
 TiapecTKevacrp.eva. koX vp.e'i'S be, a> 'TpKoytoi, e(f)r], bidyere 2 
 avTovs iirl ras aK-qvas, tovs jjiev ap)(^ovTas Itti ras jue- 
 yCcTTas, yiyvcao-Kere be, tovs 8' aWovs &)S h.v boKj} koX- 
 
 lo Aicrra e^eiv' koX avToi be beiitvelre oirovirep ijbta-Tov 
 
 ^ '■ /'r if A vpuV cr(a piev yap vpXv koX aKepaioi al aKrjvaC' Ttape- 
 
 (TKevaa-TaL be Kal evOabe uxmep kol tovtols. Kal tovto 3 
 
 be tore ap.(f)6TepoL otl to. pi.ev e^o) vpXv Jjp-els vvKTO(f)vka- 
 
 Kr\(Top.ev, TO. 8' ev rais aK-qvals avTol Spare Kal ra oirka 
 
 15 ev TiQecrOe' 01 yap ev rais a-Krjvals oinroi (f)lkoi. fjfuv. ol 4 
 ixev br] M^8ot Kal ol ap.(f)l Tiypdvrjv ekovvTO, Kai, r^v 
 yap Tiapea-Kevacrp.eva, i/xdrta p-eraXa/BovTes ebeiirvovv, 
 Kol ol XifnoL avTols eixoi' ra7rirr;8eta' Kal rots ITepo-ais 
 be eirep-TTOv tG>v dprcov rovs rip-Laeis' o\f/ov be ovk eirefx- 
 
 20 TTOV ovb' olvov, ol6p.evoi eyjeiv tovs dp.(f)l Kvpov, oti. e(t>ri 
 a(j)9ova ravTa exet^- o be Kvpos Tavra ekeyev oxjrov p-ev 
 TOV kip.6v, Tnelv 8' aTro tov irapappeovTOs iTOTap.ov. 6 5 
 fiev ovv Kvpos benrvCa-as tovs Uepa-as, eirel avvearKOTaa-e, 
 Kara Trep-Trdbas Kal KaTo. beKabas irokkovs avrwv 8te- 
 
 25 Trep.^e Kal eKekevcre kvkAo) tov aTpaTo-nebov KpvnTeveiVy 
 vonl^uiv 6.p.a p.ev (})vkaKr}V eaecrdaL, dv tls e^codev Trpocr-
 
 CVROPAEDIA, IV. V. 25 
 
 (rf, afxa 8e, av tls e^o) (fiepoiv xpr^iaTa a-nohibpacrKr), 
 akfaata-Qai. avrov' Kot iyevero ovTOi' ttoAAoi jjikv yap 
 
 6 amhthpacTKov, ttoXAoI 8e kaXo^a-av. 6 h\ KCpos ra fxev 
 Xpi]IJLaTa Tovs XajSovras eta ^x^siv, rovs 8e avOpdnrovs 
 aTTocrcpd^aL e/ceAeuo-ez^' wore roC AoittoS ovSe (BovXo- 5 
 l^evos av r]vpes pqhioos tov vvKToop TTopevojjievov. ol jxkv 
 
 7 brj Yl^paaL oi/TO) bLrjyov' ol 6e MtjSoi Kat eirivov koI 
 (vctiX^ovvTO Kal rjvKovvTO Kal irda-rjs ev6vp.ias eveTTcp.- 
 TrkavTO' TToWa yap Kal to, rokavra ijko}, cocrre jxrj diio- 
 peiv €pyov Toivs kyp-qyoporas. 10 
 
 Wrath of Cyaxares on discovering that nearly all his army had 
 /ollcwed Cyrus. He despatches a messenger ordering them to 
 return instantly. 
 
 8 O 8c Kva^dprjs 6 T<av M-^b(t>v ^acrtXevs T-qv piev vvKva 
 ^ e^rjXOev 6 Kvpos avTos re kp.edvcrKiTo /xe^' &vi:ep ka-K-q- 
 vov d)s €7! evTV^Lq, Kal TOVS aXXovs 8e MtjSous (Sero 
 irapelvai iv T<a aTpaTOTTeb(o TrXrjv oXiyoiv, clkoIjcov 96- 
 pvl3ov TToXvV ol yap olKerai t5>v M?j6ctiy, aTe tQv 8e- 15 
 (TTTOTwv aTTiXOovTcov, dv€ip.ev(iis €7nvov Kol kdopvfiovv, 
 d.XX(i)s re Kal e/c tov ' Aacrvpiov crTpaTevp.aTOs Kal oXvov 
 
 9 Kal dXXa ttoXXo. e^Arj^ores. eTret 8e rjpepa eyiveTo, koI 
 eiTt dypas ovbels rJKe TrXrjv oiTrep Kal a-vvebeiTTVovv, Kal 
 TO aTpaTOTTebov ■qKove Kevbv etvai Tutv Mr]b(av Kal t5>v 20 
 liTTTecav, Kal edpa, eireibr] i^rjXOev, ovtms €\ovTa, kv- 
 TavOa br] €(3pt,p,ovT6 re rw Kvpca Kal toIs Mrjbois rcS 
 KaraAiTToyra? avrbv epripiov olyjeaOaL, Kal €v6vs, atairep 
 XeyeTai, w/xos a,vai. Kal dyv(ap.(jov, t&v itapovTutv KeAevei 
 Tiva XajiovTa tovs eavTOV tTTTre'a? TtopeieaOai w? rd)(icrra 25 
 
 10 eTTt TO dp.(f)l Kvpov (TTpaTevp-a Kal Xeyeiv Tdbe. "Q.ip.rjv 
 fxkv eyoiye, ovo' av (re, co Kvpe, Trepl e/xou ovtcos ditpovori- 
 TU)S jSovXivaai, ei 6e Kvpos ovToi ytyv<a<rKOi,, ovk av vp-as,
 
 26 XENOPHON, 
 
 0) MrjboL, edcXTJa-'^'- ovtms (prjixov e/i^ KaraXtTreTy. koL 
 vvv, av ^l€V Kvpos (BovXrjTaL, d be [x-q, vjuets tt]v Tax^-- 
 a-Tr]v TrapecTTe. ravra bi] k-niamXev. o be. Tarrofj-evos 11 
 TTopevea-Oat e(f)ri, Kal ttw?, w bea-noTa, eyo) evprjo-o) exet- 
 
 5 vovs ; "OTrrj 8^ Kvpos, ecpr], /cat ol (rvv avT^ ecf) oi)s 
 e-nopevovTO. "On vri At", i(f)r], olkovo) acpearriKOTas tG>v 
 TToAe/xtcoy 'Tpnaviovs tlvcls kol ekOovras bevpo otx^arOaL 
 r)yovp.ivovs avT^. aKOvaas be ravra 6 Kua^aprjs 7roA.i> 12 
 fxaXkov eri. rw Kvp(o wpyiCero tw fx-qb' elirelv avT^ 
 
 10 Tavra, kol TToXXfj (nrovbfj fxaXXov eTrep-irev eirl tovs 
 Mt/8ous, o)? \j/tX(a(ro)v avTov, koX Icr^ypoTepov en rj 
 Ttpocrdev TOLS MtjSois a-neiXStv a-neKoXei, koX roJ irep-TTO- 
 lxev<o be j^TreiAet, el p.r] laxvpois ravra a-nayyeXXoi. 
 
 Cyrus sends one of his officers to Persia to announce his success 
 and ask for more troops. 
 
 'O p.ev br] TtefXTtoixevos eiropeveTo ex^v tovs eavTov 13 
 15 iTTTreas ws eKarov, avi<op,€vos on ov koI avrbs t6t€ ctto- 
 pev6r] ixera tov Kvpov. ev be tt) 68(3 iropevopievoi. 
 bLaaxi'O'devTes rpt/3(j) rtyt eirXavoiVTo, Koi ov irpoa-Qev 
 a(l>iKOVTo e-nl to cPlXlov orpdrev/xa Trplv evTvxovres a-no- 
 Xoopova-i rtcrt t&v ^ AaavpLOiV rivdyKacrav avTOvs ■qyeladaL' 
 20 /cat ovT(i)s a(f)i,KVovvTaL to. Tivpa KanbovTes a[j.(f)l jxeaas 
 TTcos vvKTas. eirel 8' eyevovro upos rw a-TpaToirebco, ol 14 
 (fivXaaes, uxmep elpr\\xevov ■qv virb Kvpov, ovk el(ra(j)TJKav 
 avTovs Trpb ?//xepas. eirel be 57/xepa vi:e(^aive, Trp&Tov 
 piev Tovs piS-yovs KaXeaas 6 Kvpos to. toIs Oeols vop.i.^6- 
 25 p.eva cTTt rots toiovtois ayadols e^aipelaOaL eaeXeve. koL 
 ol pi.ev ap.^1 ravra eixoy* 6 be avyKaXeaas roiis 6p.o- 15 
 • ripLovs elirev, "Avbpes, 6 p-ev 6ebs 'npo(f)aLveL ttoXXcl 
 KayaOd' r]p.els b^ ol UepaaL ev roi ixapovn oXCyoi ea-piev
 
 CVROPAEDIA, IV. V. 27 
 
 0)5 iyKpareXs eTvai avrStv. etre yap oiroa-a hv Ttpocrep- 
 yaadp-eda, p.i] (^vka^o}xev, itaXiv ravTa aXKorpia eorat* 
 etre KaTak^Cyf/oixiv TLvas rjixtav avrwv (pv\aKas eirt rots 
 10' rjixlv yiyvoii.ivoL'i, avTLKa ovbep-Cav icrxyv €)(^ovt€S 
 
 16 ava(f)avovp,€6a. 8oK€t ovv fxoL o)S rdx^tcrra UvaL Tiva 5 
 vp.S)V €ts ITepcras Kal 8t8ao-KetZ' aTrep eya> Aeyco, /cat 
 KeAevety cus raxto"Ta 'nep.TTeLV aTpaTevfj-a, etTrep iirtdv- 
 fxovcn. Hepcrat, rrjv ap^]v Trjs 'Acrtas avrots Kat r?)y 
 
 17 KOLpTTuxriv yeviadaL. Wt p.ev ovv cru, e(pr], 6 Trpea-jivTaTos, 
 Koi iwv Tavra A.eye, Kat on ovs av 7rep,7ra)(n arpaTLioTas, 10 
 eiretSay ekOuxn Trap' ep,e, ep,ot p.eA7jcret irept rpo^T/s 
 ai/roi?. a 8' €yja\J.^v ^p.etj, opas /xez; avra^ KpVTTTe be 
 TovTiov fxribiv, o,Tt be tovt(ov eyw irep-TTOiv els Ylepcras 
 KoAw? Kat ro/xt/xco? ttololyjv av to. fxev TTpbs tovs deovs 
 Tov itarepa epatra, to, be TTpbs to koivov tols apyas. irep.- 15 
 yj/avTcov be Kal o-nrripas &v 7:paTTop.ev Kat cfypaarijpas 
 &v epcorwp.ey. Kat (tv p.ev, e(j)rj, av(rKevd(ov Kal tov 
 \6)(^ov 'npoTiop.'nbv aye. 
 
 Honu Cyrus recei'ved and detained the messenger of 
 Cyaxares, 
 
 18 'Ek tovtov be koX tovs M7780US eKdXei, Kol ap.a 6 
 TTapa tov Kva^dpov dyyeXos TrapiaTaTat, Kat, ev iracTL Trjv 20 
 re TTpbs Kvpov 6pyi]v Kal Tas TTpbs Mi]bovs aTreikas 
 avTov ekeye' Kal rekos eiTTev oti aTTievai MtjSous Kekevei, 
 
 19 Kat et KCpos p.eveiv jSovkeTai.. ol p.ev ovv M?/8ot aKov- 
 (ravTes tov ayyekov ea-iyrjcrav, aTTopovvres p.ev tt(os xph 
 KakovvTos aTTei-Oelv, <^o^ov\ievoi be ttS>s xPV aTTeikovvTL 25 
 VTTaKovcraL, akkoos re Kat etSores T-qv wp.6Tr]pa avTov. 
 
 20 o 8e Kvpos elTTev, 'AA.A.' eyca, S ayyeke re Kat Mrjboi, 
 ovbev, e<^ij, davp.dC(*i el Kvafuprjs, TTokkovs [i.ev tto-
 
 28 XENOPHON, 
 
 Xcfxiovs TOT lb(av, Tjju-as 8e ovk 6i8o)S o,Tt "npATTOjJicu, 
 OKvel TTepl rjiJLwv Kal irepl avTov' eireibav be atcrdriTai 
 TToXXovs ixev tG>v TroAe/xiojy aTToAcoAoras, TtavTas 8e 
 aTieXriXaixivovs, irpcoTov p.ev TravcreTai (f)oj3oviJL€vos, eTretra 
 5 yvaxreTai, otl ov vvv eprijxos yiyveTai, rjViKa ol cpiXoi 
 avTov Tovs €Kewov ex^povs aiToXXvacnv. aXXa p.r]V p-ep.- 21 
 yf/etas ye ttw? k(Tp.ev a^ioi, eS re TroLovvTes eKelvov kol 
 ovbe TavTa avTop.aTL(ravTes ; dAA' eyo) p,\v ckcIvov •Tretcras 
 eacrai p.e XajSovTa vp,as i^eXOelv raSe ttokS* v/xeTs 8e 
 
 lo ovx ^^ eTTLdvixovvTcs Ty]s i^obov i^pcorTjcrare el e^CoiTe 
 Koi vvv bevpo rJK€T€, dAA' vir' (Ketvov KeXeva-QevTes 
 i^iivat oro) vp.o)V p,r} ayOop^evisi etr], koI tj opyrf ovv 
 avTrj (rdcf)' olba vtto re T&v ayad&v TTeTTavOrjcreTaL 
 Kol (Tvv rw (f)6pio Xr\yovTi aTretcri. vvv fikv ovv, e^rj, 22 
 
 15 (TV re, S> dyyeAe, avairava-ai, eTret Kat ireTroyryKa?, 
 jyjaeis re, cb Ile'po-ai, e77et 'npocrbeyop.eOa TroXep-tovs 
 rjTOL p.a\ovp.4vovs ye rj 7r€i(rop.€vovs iiapia-ecrdai, Ta\- 
 6(op,ev 0)9 KaAAto-ra" ovrco ydp bpcap-ivovs (Ikos irXiov 
 irpoavvTetv S>v \pri^op.ev. av b\ e(f)r], 6 t&v 'TpKavicav 
 
 20 apxoiv, viropLetvov TrpocrTa^as roTs r]yep.6cn t&v ar&v crrpa- 
 TKxiTGiV e^oTrAt^eiy avTovs. kireX 8e Tama Trotrjcras 6 23 
 'TpKavios Trpoa-TJXOe, Ae'yet 6 KCpo?, 'Eyoj 8e, ((pr], cL 
 'TpKoyte, rjbop,aL aWOavop-evos otl ov p.6vov (jiiXlav iin- 
 beLKirvp-evos Trdpet, dAAd Kat (rvveaiv ^atVei /not e'xety. 
 
 25 Ktti z/vi' or6 avp.(f>ep€t Tjp.iv TavTO. brjXov' kp.o(. re ydp 
 TToXep-toi ^AcravpLOL croi re vCy eyOioves elcnv 7} kp-oi' 
 ovT(»s ovv rjpuv apL(f)OT€poiS ^ovXevTiov ottms t5)v p.ev 24 
 vvv TrapovTMv p-rjbels aTTOCTTaTria-ei rjplv (TVp.p.ayjav, aX- 
 Xovs be, iav bwcop-eOa, TrpoaXri^lfopeda. tov be Mrjbov 
 
 30 riKOves aiTOKaXovvTos tovs iTTireas' el 8' ovtol aTriacriv, 
 rip.els pLOvoL ol ireCol p.evovp.ev. ovTcas ovv bel Tioieiv ip.e 25
 
 CFROPAEDIA, IV. V. 29 
 
 Koi ere oiroos 6 airoKaXoiv ovtos /cat avros fxiveiv Trap' 
 fiixiv ^ovXr\(Ji.Tai. (tv jxev ovv evpo)v (TKr]vr}V bos avT<^ 
 OTTOV KaAAtora Sta^et Travra to. hiovTa e'x^coy* eyo) 8 av 
 TTCipdcroixaL avr^ epyov ri TipocrTa^aL oirep avTos rjbtov 
 Trpd^et 17 aireLcn' Kal biaXeyov 8e avT(a oirocra ikirls 5 
 yevicrdai ayaOa Tracn tols 0tAot9, tjv ravT eu y^vrjrai' 
 TTOLrja-as fxivTOL avra rJKe irdXiv Ttap e/xe. 
 
 Cyrus (writes a letter of remonstrance to Cyaxares, and craftily 
 promises that the Persian rei^iforcements should guard him in 
 place of the Median -volunteers, 
 
 26 *0 pkv 877 ^TpK^vios Tov Mr]hov ^X^'''^ ayuiv kiii (TKr]- 
 vrjv 6 8' els Tlcpcras l(s)v Traprjv (TVV€(rK€vacrix4vos' 6 8e 
 Kvpos avT(2 cTrecrreAAe irpos piev Hepo-as Aeyety a km 10 
 TTpocrdev kv r&) Aoyo) SeSTjAcorat, Kva^dprf 8e duohovvai 
 TO ypdp.p.aTa. dvayvGivai 8e crot Kat to. €Tn(TT€Kkop.eva, 
 €(f>rj, fiovkop.ai, ii^a et8a)S avra 6p.okoyfjs, edv tl ae irpos 
 ravTa epcoTq. ivrjv be ev rfj eTTLaToXfj Tabe. 
 
 27 Kvpos Kva^dpr] yaipeLV. rjpiels ere ovre epr\pLOv Kare- 15 
 ki-nop.eV ovbels yap, orav eyOpSiv Kparfj, Tore (f)Ck(t}v 
 epr^pLOS yCyveraC ovbe p.i]v aTToxoypovvTes ye ae ol6p,e6a 
 ev Kivbvvoi KaOiCTTdvat' dkkd oaco irkeov dTte^op-ev, 
 ToaovTOi Ttkeiovd (tol Ty]v d(r(j)dkeLav TToieiv vop-iCop^ev' 
 
 28 OX) yap oi eyyvrara t5>v (j)Lka)v KaOr]p.evot p.akLcrTa rots 20 
 (f)LkoiS TTjV da(j)dkeLav 'napeyovcriv, dkk' ol tovs e^dpovs 
 p.r]Ki(TTOv d-nekavvovres p.dkkov tovs (f)ikovs cv aKLvbvvia 
 
 29 KaOiaTaai. crKe\//at be olw ovti p.01 nepi ere olos mv 
 ■nepi epk eixeird \xol p.ip(j)ei.. eyw /xe'y ye <tol yyayov 
 (rvp.pdxovs, ovx oaovs cv eireta-as, dkk oiroaovs eyca 25 
 Trkeia-Tovs ebvvdp.riv (rv be fxc, ebomas p.ev ev rfj (fyikia 
 OVTI, oaovs TTttcrai bvvaa-QeCijV vvv ev t?} nokep-ia
 
 3© XENOPHON, 
 
 ovTos ov Tov O^XovTa oXKa Ttavras airoKaXeLS. kol yap 30 
 ovv t6t€ ixev (^fxrjv afx^oripois vjjllv yjapLV o(^etAety' vvv 
 he <TV fjL avayKci^cLS crov [xev kinkaOicrdaL, rots 8e olko- 
 Xov6i]<jacn iretpaa-dai, Traaav Tr]v \a.piv airohihovai.. ov 31 
 S fxevTOL iycaye crol ofxoios hvvap.ai yiviaOai, aXKa koX vvv 
 ireixiraiv Itti crTpdrevfJia els Ilepcras eTrtoreAAo), ottoctoi 
 h,v t(a(riv ws e/xe, t]v tl ov avTiHv hir\ irplv Tjp.as kkdeiv, 
 croi virapxeiv, ov^ ottcos h.v iOekcocnv, dAA' ottcos av av 
 ^ovXri ^prjaOat avrois. avp-jiovkevut he croL KaiTrep ve(a- 32 
 
 10 Tepos (OV JU.7J CK^aipelcrOai av 8(09, tva p.r] (rot avTi \api- 
 T(av exOpai 6(f)eCk(ovTai, [xr]h' ovTiva /3owAet itpos (re Ta)(y 
 ekOelv, aiieikovvTa ixeTaTTe[xiTecr6aL, /xrjSe (pacTKOvra eprj- 
 fxov eivai afia ttoKKoIs aTreikelv, tva ju,7j StSacr/cTjs avTovs 
 (TOV jut) (f)povTLCetv. rjixels he ireipacroixeOa Trapelvai, orav 33 
 
 15 raxtorra hiaTTpa^dojjLeOa a croi r av Kal rjplv vojxi^ojxev 
 'npa-)(devTa Kotva yeveaOai ayaOa. eppooao. 
 
 TavTtjv avTio arrohos Kal o, tl av <re tovt(i>v epayra. ^ 34 
 yeypa-KTai (rvp.(padi. Kal yap eyo) fTTtoTeAAco (tol TTepl 
 Ylep(T(av fjirep yeypaiTTai. tovti^ p.ev ovt(os elire, Kal hovs 
 
 20 Tr]v einaTokrjv aTreTrefXTre, Ttpoa-evreiKapLevos ovtoh (nrev- 
 heiv ui(ntep olhev otl crviJ.(f)epeL Taxy Tiapelvai,. 
 
 Cyrus persuades the Medes and Hyrcamans to undertake the di- 
 "vision of the booty, and obtains from them the gift of all the 
 captured horses. 
 
 Ek tovtov he e(iopa fxev e^(ii7Tkt(rp,evovs yjhri iravras 35 
 KOt Tovs M.-qhovs Kal tovs "TpKaviovs Kol Tovs ap.(})l Ti- 
 . ypdvr}v' kol ol riepcrat e^odTrXicrp.evoL ■^crav ijhr] he Tcves 
 25 irkr](rL6x(opoL Kal 'lttttovs airriyov Kal oirka d7:e(j)epov. 6 30 
 he Ta fiev TiakTo, oirovnep tovs TipoaOev KaTajBdkkeiv
 
 CVROPAEDIA, IV. V. 31 
 
 €K€k€V(Te, KOL (Kaov ols TovTO €pyov rjv oTToaoyv fxr} 
 avTOL ibeovTo' tovs 8' ittttous e/ce'Aeue ^vXaTrety jxevov- 
 Tas TOVS ayayovras ecos av ris <Trifj.7]vr} avToXs' tovs 
 8 ap\ovTas tQ>v 'nrTTeajv koI '^TpKavicov Kakiaas ra8e 
 lAe^ey. v 5 
 
 37 "Avbpes (f)Ckoi re koL ovpLpLaxot, jjlt] 6avp.a^^Te otl irok- 
 kaKLS vfj-as (TvyKakm' Kaiva yap rfp.lv ovTa to. irapovTa 
 TTokka avT(av eaTiv acrvvTaKTa' h. 8' av acrvvTaKTa r], 
 avayKT] TavTa TTkelaTa Trpdyp-aTa irapix^iv, ecos av \(apav 
 
 38 kafirj. Kal vvv lori juey rjpiv TTokka to. al)(^p.dk(OTa XPV' ^° 
 p.aTa, Kai avbpes eir' avTols' bia be to p.r]Te tj p.ds 
 eibevat TTOta tovtcdv eKacrTov eaTlv rip.(av, pLrjTe tovtovs 
 eiSeyat octtls eKacrra) avTwv becnTOTrjs, TrepaivovTas fxev 
 brj TO. beovTa ov itavv ia-Ttv opdv avTutv irokkovs, diro- 
 
 39 povvTas b€ o,TL -^pr] TTOtelv o^eSoy iravTas. ws ovv p.r\ 15 
 ovrcos !)(??> StopiVare avTa' Kal octtls piev ikafSe aKrjvrjv 
 eyovcrav iKava koX cnTa koX tioto, Kal Toi/s virripeTi^o-ovTas 
 Kal (TTpu>p.vy]v Kal iadrJTa koI Takka ols ot/ceirai o-Krjvrj 
 Kak&s o-TpaTLonTiKr}, kvTavOa p.\v ovbev akko bel Trpoa- 
 yevea-Qat r] tov kajSovTa eibivac otl tovtcov as olKeicap 20 
 €iTL}xekea6ai beC OCTTLS 8' ets evbeop-evd tov KaT€(rKy]vi](T€, 
 
 40 TovTOLS vp.els (TKe\j/dp.€V0L TO (kkclTTOv eKTrkrjo-aTe, irokkd 
 8e Kal TO. irepLTTQ, 018' otl ea-TaL' TrkeCco yap airavTa 7] 
 KaTo. TO rip.iTepov TrkijOos eixoi' oi TjokipLoi. rjkOov 8e 
 "npos ejue Kal y^py]p.dTMv Tap.iaL, ol re tov ^ AcrcTvpCcov 25 
 /SacriXeo)? kol dkkoiv bwacTTutv, ot ekeyov otl \pvcTLov 
 
 41 etr; Trapa ctc^'lctlv eiTLaripLov, bacTp.ovs TLvas keyovTes. Kal 
 TavTa ovv KrjpvTTeTe iravTa dTT0cl)ep€LV irpos vp,as ottov 
 hv Ka6i(r](T6e Kal c^yoftov eTTLTLOecrBe rw pLj) ttolovvtl to, 
 irapayyekkop-eva' vp.els be bidboTe kafiovTes I'mrei p.ev 30 
 TO bLTTkovv, Tre^w 8e to airkovv, tva e'x^'"^' V^ tlvos
 
 32 XENOPHONf 
 
 TTpoa-herjcrOc, Kai otov wvrja-ea-de. Tr]V 8* ayopav Tr]v 42 
 ovarav kv ral (TTpaToirihia Krjpv^dTM fx^v ijbri, €(f)r], /lit) 
 abtKcXv fxr]beva, TrcoAeti; 8e rovs Kair-qkovs o,ti l^et 
 ^KacTTos TTpdo-Lp.ov, Koi TttVTa hiaO^ixivovs dXXa dyetv, 
 
 5 oTTcos otK^rat rjixiv to a-TparoTTebov. ravTa p-^v eKrjpvTTov 
 €v9vs. 01 8e MTySot »cat ^TpKavioi el-nov &be' Kal ttQs 43 
 av, €(f)a(rav, rjpieXs dvev aov koL t&v crGtv btav4pioip.€v 
 Tavra ; 6 8' av Kvpos TTpbs tovtov tov Koyov c58e Trpoarrj- 44 
 v^X^V H yap ovTOis, ec^rj, S) avbpes, yiyvcacTK^Te ws o^Ti 
 
 10 h,v hirj 'npayQ^ivai, eirt itaai irdvTas '^p.as 8e^(ret irap- 
 elvai, Kal ovre eyw apK4(ra> Ttpdrroiv tl irpb vp.S)V o,rt 
 av bep, ovTe vjueis irpb rnxwv ; kol ttws h.v aAAcos 7rAei'a> 
 /Aev TTpdyp.aTa ^xoip-ev, jueto) 8e bLairpaTTOLp-eda rj ovtms ; 
 aAA' opare, i^r], vpiels' 57/xets /xey yap Ste^uXa^ajuey 45 
 
 15 Te v/iiy rdSe, Kat {r/^ei? ^/xiy TrioTevere KaA.cSs StaTre- 
 (pvkdxdai' vp-els 8e y' aS biaveip.aTi, Kal rjjxels Tnarev- 
 aop.€V vplv KaXcas biavev€p.rjK€vai. Kal dhXo bi tl av 46 
 fijxeis T:eipa(r6p.(6a Koivbv dyaObv irpaTTCiv. opare yap 
 bri, €(f)r}, vvvL TtpaTov tTTTTOi 6(T0L rjpXv TTapelo-Lv, ol b^ 
 
 ao TTpocrdyovTai' tovtovs ovv et p.\v idcrop^ev dvap.j3dTovs, 
 b)<pe\7](rov(TL p-€v ovbev rjp.as, TTpdyp-ara be Trape^ovcriv 
 kTrip-iXeaOai' ^v 8' LTnrias kit' avTovs KaTaa-T-qa-copiev, 
 ap.a 'npayp.droiv re dTTaWa^6p.e9a Kal la-^vv rjpXv av- 
 Tols TipocrOricTop.eOa. el p.ev ovv aAAovs exere olcrTKriv 47 
 
 25 av boCrjTe avTovs, /xe0' c3v hv Kal KLvbvvevoiTe -qbLov, 
 eX n beoi, 77 p.eO^ rjp.(av, eKeivois bCboTe' el p.evToi rjp.as 
 h,v ^ovXoLcrde Trapaoraras p.aXL(TTa e^fti', r\pA,v avrovs 
 8ore. Kal yap vvv ore dvev r]p.5>v irpocrekda-avTes cklv- 48 
 bvvevere, tto\vv pev (fiojBov rjpiv irapeix^Te p-r\ tl TrdOrjTe, 
 
 30 p.dXa 8^ alaxyvea-daL r]p,as eTTOivcraTe otl ov TTapijp-ev 
 oTiovirep vp.els' rjv be kd(3(opLev tovs tiTTrovs, eyjropLeOa
 
 CVROPAEDIA, IV. V. ^^ 
 
 49 V[x1v. Khv juey boKc^fxev oxbeXelv irXeov eir avrSiv avv- 
 ayoovL^ojjLevoL, ovtm TTpodv^xias ovbev eA/\et\/ro//ey rjv 
 be TTeCol yevojxevoi boKcHixev KaipLOOTepcos av irapeivat, 
 TO Kara/SyjvaL h p,i(T(^ koX evdvs ~e^ot viuv Trapea-opLeOa' 
 
 50 Tovs 8' LTTTTOvs piy]xo.vr](T6p.e6a oh av Trapahoirjixev. 6 5 
 IJ-ev ovTtiis €ke^€V ol 8e cmeKpivavTo, 'AXk' rifxels fxiv, 
 0) Kvpc, ovT avbpas e'xo/xey oh avajSL/Sda-aiixev av eTrt 
 TovTovs TOVS 'iTTiTovs, OVT el eixo}xev, (Tov TavTa fiovXa- 
 [levov akko av clvtI tovtchv ■ppov[xeda. Kal vvv, ecpaaav, 
 TOVTOVS Aa/3a)z; iroUc ottoos apiaTov aoi boKeZ elvai. 10 
 
 51 'AAAa bexop-ai re, €(f)r], koI ayaOf] tvxJ] ^)p.€Ls re LTTirets 
 yevotp-eda Kal v/xet? Ste'Aotre to, kolvcl. TiptaTov p.'kv ovv 
 Tols 6eo2s, €(pr], e^atpeire o,Tt, av ol payoi e^rjyoivTat' 
 ^TieiTa b\ Kal Kva^dprf eKAe'^acr^e ottoV av ot-qade avT(2 
 
 52 p.akL(TTa xaptXeo-^at. Kal ot yekdcravTes cIttov otl yv- 15 
 vaiKas €$aipeT€ov etrj. TwaiKas re toCvvv e^atpeiTe, 
 €(f)r], Kal 6,Ti dkko av boKr} vpuv. (Tretbav b' iKeLV(p e^e'- 
 Arjre, tovs kp.oi, S> 'TpKavioi, idekov(r[ovs tovtovs k-ni- 
 
 53 (TiTop.ivovs dp.ip.-nTovs iravTcos Trotetre els bvvap.iv. vpids 
 
 b av, w M^8ot, TOVS irpJiTovs avp,p.dxovs yevop^ivovs tl- 20 
 p.aTe TOVTOVS, oircas eS ^e^ovkevaOai ijyrja-covTai ^]pXv 
 (fiCkoL y€v6p.€vot. veCp.aTe be irdvTutv to p^epos Kal rco 
 -Kapa Kva^dpov iJKOvTL avT^ re Kal Tols p-eT avTov' Kal 
 (TVvbiap.eveLv be TrapaKakelTe, w? ejxol tovtov crvvboKOvv- 
 Tos' tva Kal Kva^dp-p pidkkov elbws irepl eKaaTov diray- 25 
 
 54 y^iAr/ TO, ovTa. Ylepcrats b\ e(j)rj, toIs p.eT ejxov, ocra 
 av irepLTTa yevqTat vp.S>v KoAwy KaTea-Kevaa-pievojv, TavTa 
 apKeaeC Kal ydp, ec/;rj, p.dka ttcos rjl^els ovk ev x^i-brj 
 Te6pdp.p.eda dkkci xwptrtKW?, wore ta-cos av rip.S)v KaTa- 
 yekda-atTe, el tl aep-vov ■tjp.lv irepiTeOeiri, iLd-nep, e<\>i], 30 
 ot8' ort Tiokvv vp.LV yekojTa ■nape^op.ev Kal e-nl tG>v 
 
 D
 
 34 XENOPHON, 
 
 tinrcov Ka6r]}xevoi, oT^ai 8', e^rj, kol €TtI ttjs yrjs Kara- 1/ 
 TTiTrroyres. y^yC 
 
 Cyrus divides the horses among the Persians, and orders the most 
 (ivarlike of the captives found in the Assyrian camp to serve 
 ■ as squires. 
 
 'Ek tovtov ol ^€v ^(rav eirt rr/y hiaip^criv, ixdXa eirl 55 
 Tw IttttlkSi yeX&vTes' 6 be tovs ra^idp^ovs KaXeaas 
 5 eK€Aevo"e tovs ittttovs \aixj3dv€Lv koL to. tG>v tiTTToyv crKevr] 
 Kul TOVS iTTTTOKo/Aous dpidix'^cravTas \a[3elv, Kk-qpcocra' 
 [levovs els tol^lv taovs (Kao-TOLS. avOis 8e 6 Kvpos 56 
 dveLTTelv eKeXevcrev, et tls etrj ev rw ^ Aaa-vpLcav i] 'Sivpcav 
 rj 'Apa/3ta)y a-TpaTevjxaTi dvrjp bovXos r) Mrjboiv rj YlepaQv , 
 
 \or\ BaKTpioiv rj Kapdv rj KlXikcov ri 'E\X7]V(ov rj dWodev '' '' 
 TtoOev ^e^iacrp^evos, eKcfiaivecrOai. ol be aKOvaavTes rod 57 
 KTjpvKos aa-fxevoi, iroXkol TTpovcfidvrjcrav' 6 8' eKXe^dpievos 
 avTcav TOVS to. elbrj /3eA.rt(rroi;? ekeyev otl ekevOepovs 
 avTovs ovTas ber\(jei OTika v-no^ipeiv av avTols bibSxTi,' 
 
 15 Ta 8' e7nT?;8eia ottcos exuxriv e(f)ri avTw \xekr](Teiv. Kat 58 
 evdvs dycov Trpbs tovs Ta^idpyovs avvea-Trja-ev avTovs, 
 Kol eKekevcre rd re yeppa kol Tas ■^ikas jxayaipas tov- 
 rois bovvai, oircas e^ovTes toIs 'iinrots eiruivTai, kol tol- 
 TTLT^qbeia tovtois axnrep kol toIs pier avTov Ylepcrais 
 
 20 kap.lSdveiv, avTovs be tovs OdpaKas kol to. ^vcttol eyovTas 
 del CTTt tG)v tTTTtuiv d)(etfT0ai, Kat avTos ovto) Tioidv 
 KaTTJpxev, eirl be tovs ire^ovs t5>v 6}xoTip.Mv dv6^ avTov 
 eKacTTOV KaOia-Tdvat dkkov dpyj>vTa tG)V 6pi.oTip.oiv.
 
 CYROPAEDIA; IV. Vl. 35 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 k 
 
 Gohryas joins Cyrus, seeking vengeance for his only son, luho had 
 been murdered by the present king of Assyria. 
 
 1 Oi iikv 8tj djii(/)t Tavra el\ov. Tcofipvas 8' ev tovtoa 
 irapijv 'AacrvpLOS irpea-^VT^s av'i]p e0' ittttov avv LTTinKf] 
 OepaTTeiq' etx.oy 8e iravres ra ecf)LTnT(ov oitXa. koX ol 
 [xkv €776 rw TO. oirXa TrapaXapifSdveLV T€Tayix4voL eKeXevov 
 T^apahihovai ra ^va-rd, ottoos KaraKaoLcv axrirep TaAAa. 5 
 o be r(t)(3pvai etTref otl Kvpov irpStTov ^ovKolto Ibelv' 
 Kol oi VTrrjp^rai tovs ixev dkkovs iTTTiea? avTov Kariki- 
 
 2 Ttov, Tov 8e Toifipvav ayovcri, Trpbs tov Kvpov. 6 8' o)? 
 et8e TOV Kvpov, eke^ev, '.12 bi(nroTa, eyw dp-i. to fxev 
 ■yevos ^ A(y(rupios' 'i\(a 8e koI Tei^o^ i(r)(ypdv Kal )(w/3as lo 
 kirdpyu} ttoAAt/s* koX 'Ittttov ex'^ bicrx^iXCav TpLaKOcrCav, 
 fjv TO) t5>v " Aa-avpiutv (BacrLXel 7rapet)(o/xrji; koI (pi\os '^v 
 eKetVfa) o)? }x6Xi(TTa' eiret 8e e/ceifos //.ey TiOvrjKev v(f) 
 V}X(av dvi]p dyadbs wv, 6 be ttols eKeivov ttjv o.p\r]V 
 eXei, e\6i(rTos coy ep.oL, iJKco Trpbs (re kol UeVrj? Trpocr- 15 
 TTtTTTO) Kal bLbo)ixL (Toi epLttVTbv bovXov KOI (rvp.ixa\ov, ere 
 be TLfMCDpbv alTovp-aL e/xot yeveadat' Koi TToiba ovTUiS <as 
 
 3 bvvaTov ere TTOiovixaC aTrais 8' et/xt appevcav TTaibiav. 6s 
 ■yap ^y /xot jxovos koI KaXbs KayaOos, 00 bea-TTora, koI 
 ifxe (f)L\(ov KOL Tijj.S>v uxTTTep av evbaCixova TTUTepa ttols 20 
 Tiix&v Tideir], tovtov b vvv (BacriX-evs ovtos KaXeaavros 
 TOV TOTe fiaa-ikeois, TTaTpbs be tov vvv, ws buxrovTOS rrjy 
 OvyaTepa rw e/xw TratSt, eyo) \xev aiTeTTeix\(/dixr]v jxeya 
 (l)pov(ov OTL bfjOev Trjs fiafriKeois dvyaTpbs d'^oLjX'qv Tbv 
 ejxbv vXbv yajxeTrjv, 6 be vvv (3acn\evs eh 6r]pav ovtov 25 
 irapaKaXeaas koX dveXs avTta Orjpav ava KpaTOS, ws ttoXv 
 
 D 2
 
 36 XE NOP HON, 
 
 KpeiTTOiv avTov liTiTevs rjyoviJievos etyat, 6 jx^v ws (f)L\(a 
 avvedripa, (pavetarji be 6.pKT0V bKOKOvres afJicpoTcpot, 6 
 jjiev vvv apx(>^v ovTos aKOVTicras ■^jxaprev, ws /xr/irore 
 uxfieXev, 6 8' fjuo? Trats ^aktav, ovhev beov, KaTa/3aAXet 
 5 TTjv apKTov. Koi t6t€ fj.€v 8tj avLaOels ap ovtos KaTeayev 4 
 vTto (TKOTov Tov <l)66vov' &)? 8e ■TToXty Xeoyros irapa- 
 TV)(6vTos o piev av rJixapTev, ovhev OavpLaarov ot/aat 7ra- 
 6(av, 6 8' aS 6jL(.os TTOLS avOiS rux^y Karetpyao-aro re 
 TOV Xiovra koX et-rrev, 'Apa /3e^A7j/(a 8ts i(f)e^rjs koL 
 10 KarajSiiSkri Ka drjpa (KarepaKLS ; ev tovti^ 8t) oukcti /car- 
 tcrxet 6 ai^o'crto? toi; (f)66vov, ctAA' alxp-rjv Trapd tlvos 
 TUiv kTTopi.4vu)V apirdcras, Traicras els to, a-repva tov \i6vov 
 pLot KOL (f)L\ov TTotba d(f)et\eTO rr]v \j/vxriv. Kayo) p-ev 5 
 6 TaX-as veKpov dvrl vvp.<^iov kKop.i(jdp.Tf]v koX edayjfa 
 15 T-qkiKOVTOs u)V dpTi yeveidcTKOvTa tov dptcTTOv Tjoiba tov 
 dyaTrrjTov' 6 8e KaTaKavciiv uxynep l^Qpbv aTToXecras ovTe 
 pLeTap.eX6p.evos TTcoTTore (f)avepbs eyeveTO ovTe dvTi tov 
 KaKOV epyov ti/xtjs tlvos T^^tcoo-e tov KUTa yrjs. 6 ye p.7]v 
 iraTTjp avTOV koL a-vvtuKTicre p.e koX 8?}Aos riv crvvayQo- 
 20 p.ev6s p.01 Tjj <Tvp.(j>opa. eyo) ovv, ei p.ev eCrj eKelvos, 6 
 ovK dv TTore i]X6ov irpos (re em rw eKeivov KaK^' irokXa 
 yap (piXtKo. eiraQov vtt eKeivov Kal vTr-qpeTrjo-a eKeivca' 
 e-nel 8' els tov tov ep.ov ttoiSos c})ovea rj dpyr] TrepLrjKei, 
 OVK dv -noTe rovro) eyw hvvaip.r\v ivvovs yevecrOai, ovhe a 
 25 ovTOS ep.e ev 018' on c^ikov dv TTOTe i]yr\aaiTo. olhe yap --rj 
 w? eyw Tipos avTov e'xw koI o)? -npoaOev ^at8pd)? /3to- ^ 
 Tevoov vvv hidKeip.ai, eprjp.o<i uiv Kal 8ta TrevOovs to yijpas 
 hidycov. el ovv av p.e bexei KaX eX-ntha Tiva Xafioip-i roJ 7 
 <^iA.&) Tiaihl TLp,(apCas dv twos pi.eTd crov Tvxelv, Kal dvq- 
 30 ^r/o■at av irdXiv 8okG jxol Kal ovTe (Siv dv en alaxvvoip.r]v 
 ovTe d'nodvr)(TKOiV dvt(ap.evos dv TeXevTav boKco.
 
 CYROPAEDIA, IV. vi. 37 
 
 Hoiv Gobryas offered to Cyrus his castle, his powuer, and the dis- 
 posal of his daughter's hand^ and how Cyrus accepted his offer. 
 
 8 'O }xkv ovro)? eiTre' KCpos 8' atreKpivaTO, 'AAA 7/y- 
 77cp, u> T(i)(3p-ua, Kol (f)pov(av (paCvrj oa-airep Aeyets Trpo? 
 rjjxas, hk)(op.aL re iKiTr]v ere koI TLfj-copriareLV croL tov 
 Ttaibbs (Tvv ^eois v'niayvovp.ai, Aefoy 8e /xot, e^?], eay 
 (Tot TavTa 7tolS>ix€v kol Ta T^CxV ""f ^'x^'^ ew/xey /cat rrji; 5 
 yjiiipav KoX TO. oirX.a kol T-qv hvvap.LV rjvirep TrpoaOev eiX^^^ 
 
 9 (TV T]pXv tL avTi TovTMV VTTTjpiTrjcreLS ; 6 h\ etTie, Ta /ixey 
 Te.i\T], orav eXOrjs, oXkov (tol Trape^co" bacrp^ov be rijs 
 )(a)pas oi'Trep i(f>€pov €Keiv(o crol cmoicroi' koX otioi hv 
 (TTpazevr], (TV(TTpaTevaop.ai ti]v Ik t^s \(iipa'i bvvap.iv 10 
 (X.'^v. icTTL 8e p.01, ec^T), koi 6vydTi]p irapOevos ayaTrrjTr} 
 yap.ov rfbt] oipaia, ■^v eyo) irpoaOev ju,ey w/jirjz; ro) yui' 
 ^a<nkevovTL yvvalKa rpecpetv vvv 8e a^irr/ ri p.0L r] 
 dvyarrjp ttoWo. yocopevr] t/ceVevo-e /xt) ^oCyat avTT]v rcS 
 ToS abe\(f>ov (fyovel, eyca re wcravrcos ytyywcrKco. yw 8e 15 
 trot 8i8a)/xt (SovXeuaacrdaL Kal Trepl ravrr/s ovrco? uxmep 
 
 10 ay Ktti lyci) jSovkevoov Trepl ere (f)aCv(ap,a(.. ovtm br] 6 
 Kvpos etirev, 'EttI Towrots, e(j!)?|; eyw aXr]9evop.evoL^ bi- 
 boopi (TOL T7]v €p.j]v KoX kap,ftdv(a T-qv crr}v be^Lav' 6eol b 
 Tiplv pdpTvpes €(TT(av. eTrel 8e ravra l-npaydr], ditLivaL 20 
 re KeXevet tov TcofSpvav ^yovTa to. ottka kcll eirripeTO 
 TToa-q TLs obbs (ws avTov eirj, ws rj^oov. 6 8' ikeyev, ' Hv 
 ailpioi; tTjs TTpo), r^ ere'pa av avkCCoLo Trap" rjplv. 
 
 What gifts nvere bestoived upon the Gods, the tauo kings, 
 and others. 
 
 11 OvTOi br] oilros' pkv (^xtTo i]yep.6va KarakLircav. ol 
 8e MrjboL traprja-av, h p.\v ol p,dyoL €(f)a(Tav toIs deols 25 
 c^eAeiv, aTTobovTei rah p.dyoLS, Kvpci) 8' e^7jp?jKo'res ttjv 
 
 401,37v5
 
 38 XENOPHON, 
 
 KaAAioTTjy <TKr]vriv kol ttjv "EovcrCba yvvalKa, r] KaWicTTT] 
 87) Ae'yerat (v rfj ^AcrCa yvv-t] y^viuOai, koX jxovcrovpyovs 
 8^ bvo ras Kparia-Tas, hevrepov be Kva^dprf to, htxirepa' 
 Toiavra he aWa S>v ebeovTo kavTols enTrXr^pcoa-avTes, ws 
 
 5 p.i'jbevbs beopievoL aTparevoiVTaL' iravra yap ' rjv irokXd. 
 TtpoaiXajSov be kol 'TpKavioi &v ebeovTO' l<j6p.oLpov be 12 
 eiroLrja-av kol tov Trapa Kva^dpov dyyekov ras be Trepir- 
 TOLS (TKrjvas ocrat ■^aav Kvp(o Ttapebocrav, ws Tois Tiepixais 
 yevotvTO. to be vopna-p-a ecfiaaav, eTietbav anav avX.- 
 
 10 Xe^d^, btabcacreLv' kol bUbo^Kav. 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Hotu Cyrus gave part of his onvn share of the spoils 
 to a friend. 
 
 Ot fxev br] ravT eirpa^dv re kol eXe^av. 6 be Kvpos 1 
 ra p.ev Kva^dpov eKeXevcre bLaXa/Bovras (pvXaTTetv ovs 
 "^bei oiKetordrovs avT<^ ovras' Kal ocra epi.ol bCbore, rjbeois, 
 e(\>7], beyop.ai' \pr\(TeTai, 8' avTol'S vp.G>v 6 del /udAto-ra 
 
 15 be6p.evo<i. ^iXoiiovaos be rts t&v MtJScoj; eXiie, Kat jUTJy 
 ey<a, cb K{5pe, t&v jXOVcrovpyQv aKovaas ecnrepas (av crv 
 vvv e'xeis, rjbecos ijKova-d re Kav fxoL b<as avT&v p,iav, 
 (TTpaTeveaOai dv p.01 boK& rjbiov r] oLkol p.eveiv. 6 be 
 Kvpos elirev, 'AAA' eya>, ecprj, kol 8t8cojut crot Kat \dpLv 
 
 20 dlp,ai (Tot, TtXem exetv otl e/xe yrrja-as rj av ij^ol on
 
 CVROPAEDIA, V. 1. 39 
 
 Xaix^aveis' ovt(os eyw v[xlv bixj/oi ^fapi^^a-Qai. ravTrjv 
 fxkv ovv ikajBiv 6 ahrja-as. 
 
 Hoiv Cyrus entrusted to Araspas the custody of Pantheia, but re- 
 fused to 'Visit her, lest she should enchant him by her great beauty, 
 
 a KaXecras 8e 6 Kvpos 'ApdcrTrai' M?}8oy, os r\v avT<^ 
 e/c Traihbs kraipos, w kol T-qv <TToX.r}v cKbvs e8coKe rr/y 
 MrjbLKrjv, ore irapa 'Ao-rvayous eis Ile/jo-as anTjet, ro{5- s 
 Toy e/ce'Aeucre biacfivka^aL avT^ Tr\v re yuyatKa koX T7]V 
 
 8 cm-qvrjv' rjv be avrrj rj yvvrj tov 'A/3pa8arou tov liovcriov 
 ore 8e r]'KicrKeTo to tQv ' AcrcrvpCMV (TTpaToTtebov, 6 avrjp 
 
 aVTTJS OVK ^TV\€V kv TW (TTpaTOTlibo^ &V} aXXo, TTpbs TOV 
 
 T<av Ba/crptcoy I3a<nkia Trpecr/Sevcoz; (fx^^To' eireixyfre be lo 
 avTov 6 'AaavpLos Trepl av}X}ia)(J.as' ^evos yap obv ervy- 
 )(aye T(2 tQv BanTpicov /3a(nXet* TavTrjv ovv eKeXevcrev 
 6 Kvpos bLa(f)v\dTT€LV TOV 'ApdcTTTai;, eo)? av aiiTos \d(3r}. 
 
 4 K€Xev6p.evos be 6 'ApdcrTra? eTTTjpero, 'EdpaKas 8'^ e^rj, 
 
 Si Kvpe, TTjv yvvaiKa, rjv fxe KeXeveis <j)vXdTTet,v ; Ma 15 
 Ai', e07j 6 Ki5po?, oiiK eycaye. 'AAA.' eyw, e<^T7, rjviKa 
 e^rjpov[jLev trot avrr/y Kat 8^ra, oTe jMev el(T'r\X6op.ev els 
 Tj]v cTKTjv-qv avTrjs, to irp&TOv ov bieyvutp-ev avT-qv' ^ajxai 
 Te yap eKadrjTO /cat at depaTraivat Tracrat irepl avTrjv' 
 Kat Tolvvv 6p.oiav rats 8ovAats etx^e rr/v ea-QrJTa' eiiel 20 
 be yvSivai l3ovK6p.evoi iroia eh) r] beairoiva Tracras Trepie- 
 l3Xe\j/apLev, Ta)(y Kal Tracrwv ecpaCvero bia(f)epov<Ta twv 
 aXXodv, KaLTTep Ka67]p.evr] KeKaXvp-jxevri re Kat els yijv 
 
 5 opcacra, d)S be avaaTrjvaL avTy]v eKeXevaajxev, avvavea-- 
 Tr](rav p.ev avTrj dijaaai at dp,(/)' avTr\v, bi.r\veyKe 8' ev- 25 
 raC^a iipSiTov p.ev rw p.eyedei, eireLTa be Kal ttj dpeTrj 
 Kal TTJ ev(T)(r]p.o(Jvvr\ Kaiirep ev Taneiv^ (rxrjp.art eaTr]- 
 Kvla. bfjXa rjV avTrj Kal to, baKpva crrd^oyra, to. p.ev
 
 40 XENOPHON, 
 
 Kara twv TT^Trkoov, to. be koL eirl tovs TTobas. its o' 6 
 rjix&v 6 yepalrepos tiTre ©ctppet, S yvvaL' Ka\bv jxev yap 
 KayaOov aKovojxev Kal tov (tov avbpa elvai' vvv ii4vtol 
 i^aipovixev avhp'i ere ev icrOi otl ovre to elbos CKetVou 
 5 \dpovi ovT€ TTjv yvcajxrjv ovre hvvaixiv i]TTo> eyovri, dAA' 
 0)5 7///,ets ye vop.[(oixev, et rt? koI akkos avr}p, koX Y^vpos 
 a^tos eo-rt Oavixd^ecrdat, ov crv ecrei to cltto Tovhe' ws 
 ovv TovTo rjKOvaev ?/ yvvri, TiepiKaTeppri^aTo re tov 6.va)- 
 dev TreTrkov Koi avcobvparo' (Tvvavel36r](Tav be koI al 
 
 10 bixooaC. ev tovt(o be ecjiavrj fxev avTr]s to irkelcrTOv jxepos 7 
 TOV irpoa-doTTov, e(f)dvr] be rj beprj Koi al x^^P^^' '^^'' ^^ 
 ictOl, e(l>r], S Kvpe, ws ejuot re ebo^e koI toIs dkkots 
 b-TTacri roi? Ibovai yxryTro) (fivvat fjirjbe yevicrdaL yvvr] diro 
 6vy]T5>v TOLavTt] ev ttj 'Acria* ctAAa Trdz/rcos, e<f>r], Kal 
 
 15 av Qeacrai avTrjv. koI 6 Kvpos e(f)r], Nat fxa Ata, Trokv 8 
 ye tJttov, ei ToiavTi] eaTlv olav crv keyeis. Tt baC ; 
 ecf)-)] 6 veavCfTKos. "Otl, ecfyrj, el vvvl crov CLKOva-as oti 
 Kakr] ecrrt Treto-^r/cro/xai ekOelv deacrop-evos, ovbe irdvv 
 juoi (T)(okris ov(rr}s, beboLKa jur) TTokv OaTTov eKeCvr] avOts 
 
 20 avairetcrrj Kal Trdkcv ekdelv deaaop-evov' eK be tovtov 
 la-ois av dp.ek'qa-as Siv /me Set irpdrTeiv KaOrJixrjv €Keivr}v 
 6eu>p.evos. 
 
 The ponver of Lo-ve. Araspas holds that Will and La<w and Duty 
 are mightier than Love. Hoiv Cyrus ivarned him that Love 
 is stronger than all. 
 
 Kat 6 veavCcTKos dvayekdcras elTrev, Oiet yap, e(f)ri, S) 9 
 Kiipe, iKavov etvaL Kdkkos dvOpcairov dvayKa^eiv tov //.?) 
 25 j3ovk6p.evov TTpdTTeiv Trapd to (SekTta-Tov ; el p.evToi, e(prj, 
 TOVTO oi'rcos eTTe(f)VKeL, rrdvTas av rjvdyKa^ev 6p,oC(as. 
 opas, ecf^ri, to Ttvp, ws TrdvTas 6p.oi(m Kdei ; irecpvKe yap 10
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. i. 4 1 
 
 ToiovTov T&v be KaAwy t&v fiev epwcri t&v b ov, koI 
 akkos ye a\kov. edekovcriov yap, €(j)r], eori, koL epa 
 enaaTos ojv av l3ov\r]Tai. avriK . e(pr], ovk. epa abek(f)os 
 abek(pr]s, aXXos be TavTrjs, ovbe TraTrjp Ovyarpos, aAAos 
 be TavTTjs' KOL yap (f)6j3os Kal v6p.os tKoyo? epwra km- 5 
 
 11 XveLV. el be y , e(p-q, vop-os reOeLrj p.r] ecrOiovTas p.r] 
 TTeLvrjv Kal /x?) irivovTas /xtj bi-^j/ijv jxribe piySiv tov \eip.(a- 
 vos p.rjbe OaXTreadaL tov Oepovs, ovbels av vojjlos bvvr]- 
 6eCr] biaiTpd^aaOaL Tavra TreiOea-Qai, avOpcairovs' Tteipv- 
 Kaai yap vtto tovtcov Kparela-Qai. to 8' epav edekovcnov 10 
 ea-Tiv' eKaoTos yovv tQ)V ko^' eavTov epq, SxTirep i/xartcoy 
 
 12 KoX vTrobr]ixdT(tiv. ITcSs ovv, ecprj 6 Kvpos, ei edekovcriov 
 ecTTt. TO epaadrjvai,, ov Kal Travcraadai. ea-Ttv OTav rts 
 fiovXrjTat ; ak}C eyu>, e(pr}, eopaKa Kal KkdovTas virb 
 kvTTrjs bi epcora, kol bovkevovTas ye toIs epcoixevois Kal 15 
 jxdka KaKov vofxiCovTas irplv epav to bovkeveiv, Kal 
 bibovTas ye irokkd S>v ov jSekTLOv avTols aTepeadaL, koI 
 evyop-evovs .Sia-iiep Kal dKkr]s tivos voa-ov dTrakkayrjvai., 
 Kal ov bvvap.evov<s p.evTOL aTrakkdTTecrdaL, dkka bebeiMe- 
 vovs icryypoTepa avdyKj] rj el ev crLbi]p(o ebebevTo, irape- 20 
 Xov(n yovv eavTovs toIs ep(ap.evois Ttokka koI elKy 
 VTTr]peTovvTas' Kal [xevTot. ov6' dTTobtbpda-Keiv eTTi-xetpovcn, 
 TOLavTa KaKO. e\ovTes, dkka Kal <{)vkdTT0V(rL tovs epca- 
 p.evovs p-ri ttol dnobpMcn. 
 
 13 Kal 6 veavLo-Kos elire irpos Tama, Yloiovcri ydp, ecp-q, 25 
 TavTa' eial pevTot, ecf)!], oi tolovtol p.o\6r]poi' bioirep 
 oXp.ai Kal ev)(ovTai piev del ws adkcoL ovTes dirodavelv, 
 p.vpL(ov 8' ovdSiV p-rj^avav aTrakkayrjs tov jSCov ovk dirak- 
 kdTTovTaL. 01 avTol be ye ovtol Kal KkeTiTeiv einxei- 
 povdi Kal OVK direyovTai twv dXkoTpioiv, dAA* kireibdv 30 
 Tt dpirdcruxTiv r] Kkexj/utaiv, opas otl av itpijiTos, otl ovk
 
 4* XENOPHON, 
 
 avayKolov to Kke-nrnv, ahia tov KXeTTTOvra koI apird- 
 (ovra, Koc ov avyyiyvdiCTKiis, akka KoAa^cts. ovtcd 14 
 Ix^vToi, e(j)r], Koi oi Kakol ovk avayKaCovcnv ipav kavTcov 
 ou8e €(})Ua9ai avdpunrovs S>v /xr) Sei, akka to. ixoxOrjpa 
 5 avOpdi-nia Tiaacav olfxat rcav ^-niOvp-iGtv aKparij ka-ri, 
 KaireLTa epcora alriGiVTai,' ol hi ye Kakol KctyaOol kiri- 
 6v}j.ovvT€s Ka\ xpv(Tiov Kal 177770)2; ayaOQtv Kal yvvaiKStv 
 Kakcov, o/xcos TTCLVToov TovTcov hvvavTai aTri^^a-Oai c2(rre 
 iir] aTTT€(r6ai, avT&v Tiapa to hUaiov. eyo) yovv, e^rj, 15 
 
 lo TavTr}v kopaKOis Kal ttolvv Kakrjs bo^da-qs p-oi. etvat opioos 
 Kal irapd croi ilp.1. Kal t7777eva) Kal Takka to, ip.ol TTpoa-q- 
 Kovra d-noT^kia. Nat p-d At', e07j 6 Kupos" la-cas OaTTOv 16 
 a77^A^es rf kv oaca XPoVw epcos T:4(f)VK€ a-vo-KevdCeadat 
 avdpcDTTov. KOI TTvpos ydp TOL €a-Tt, OiyovTa p.r] ivdvs 
 
 15 Kdcadat Kal rd ^ka ovk evOvs dvakap-im' opens 8' 
 €yo)ye ovt€ Ttvpbs eKwy etz^at diTTopat ovtc tovs Kakovs 
 eto-opw. ovbi ye <rol avp-^ovkeva), i<pr], S ^ kpaaira, iv 
 Tols KakoZs kdv Tr\v oyp^Lv Starpt^etv* ws to pev TTvp 
 TOVS duTopivovs Kaeu, ol 8e Kakol koi tovs diroidev 
 
 20 6€Oip.ivovs v^d-nTovcnv, wore aWeaOai r<5 epcort. &dppeL, 17 
 e^rj, 3) Kupe" ovb' (dv p-ribiiroTe navcroipai Oeutpevos, ov 
 p.r] KpaT-qOoi coore 77oteti; tl S>v pr] XPV ttouIv. Kdk- 
 kiara, ^(f)r], Ae'yet?' (f>vkaTT€ toivvv, e^rj, uxnrep <re 
 Kckevo) Kal iiTtpikov avTrjs' tcrcos ydp av Ttdvv rjplv kv 
 
 25 Katpw yhoiTO avrr} r) yvvrj. tot^ p,lv 8^ raSra et7roi'res 18 
 hi.ikvdr](Tav, 
 
 How Arasfas after all fell in love luith Pantheia. 
 
 O 8e veavidKOS dpa p,\v 6p5>v Kakrjv ttjv yvvatKa, dpa 
 b^ alaOavopevos T-qv KokoKdyaOiav avTrjs, dp.a b^ Oepa- 
 TTiVMv avTi]v KoX oi6p.€vos x^P^C^^^^i- ciyrr/, dpa b^
 
 CVROPAEDIA, V. i. 43 
 
 ala-davofxevos ovk a^apLCTTOv ovaav, aW €TTi[xe\oix4vriv 
 bca tS>v avTrjs olKeToiv ws Kal elaiovTt etrj to, biovra koL 
 et TTOTe acrOevqa-eiev, 0)9 ix-qbevbs av hioiro, in iravTOiv 
 TovTUiv 7]X.CcrK€T0 €p(t)Tt, Kol X(TU)S ovh\v OavixacTTov eTracrx^e. 
 Kot ravra jjikv brj ourcos eTrparrero. 5 
 
 H01U Cyrus addressed the Median •volunteers. They might return 
 to their king 'without fear of forfeiting his gratitude : for 
 himself he should foil onv ^whither the Gods ivere calling. 
 
 19 BouAo'jueyos he 6 Kvpos eOekovTas y-iveiv fxeO' kavrov 
 Tovs re M7/80US Kal tovs crvp.ij.dxovs, cruye/cdAecre iravras 
 
 20 TOVS iiTLKaLpiovs' e'Tret be crvvfjKdov, eXe^e roidSe. "Av- 
 bpes M^8ot Kal iravres oi Ttapovres, eyca vixas o7ba 
 <ra(f)S>s OTL ovre xprjixdroiv beojxevoi crvv ey.o\ e^r\\6eTe 10 
 ovTe Kva^dpr] vofj-C^ovres tovto VTrrjpeTelv, aAA.' efxol 
 fiovX6p.evoi TOVTO ^api^ecrOai koX efxe Tip.5>VTes vvkto- 
 
 21 TTopeiv Kol KLvbvveveiv crvv e/zot rjOekrjo-aTe. koI \dpiv 
 ToijTCtiv eyb) vfuv e'x^o) /xey, el iir\ dbiKSt'' dirohibovai be 
 ovTTO) d^iav bwafxiv e^^eLv p.01 boK5>. koX tovto \xev ovk 15 
 alayyvop-ai Xeycov' to 8' 'Eay jjievrjTe Trap' e/x.oi, diro- 
 bdao), ev tore, e^rj, aia^vvoLiJirjv hv elireiV vo}xi^(i> 
 yap eixavTov eoLKevai XeyovTi TavTa eveKa tov vixas 
 fxdkXov eOeXeiv irap efxol KaTap-eveiv. olvtI be tovtov 
 Tabe Aeyco* lyo) yap vpXv, kclv jjbrj aTiirjTe Kva^dprj TreiOo- 20 
 fievoi, 0/10)9, av dyadov rt TTpd^o), Treipda-op-at ovtoo -noieiv 
 
 22 &(TTe Kal ep.e vfxas eiiaivelv. ov yap brj avTos ye c^Tret/xi, 
 akXa Kal 'TpKavCoLS tovs opKOvs Kal ras be^Las hs ebcoKa 
 einrebuxroi Kal ov-noTe tovtovs "npobibovs aXwcro/iat, Kal 
 rw vvv bibovTt Tbi^pva Kal TeixV W^^ *««' xa>pav koI 25 
 bvvap.iv TTeipdcrop.at notelv \ri] p.eTap.e\rj(rai ttjs irpos 
 
 23 ep.e obov. Kal to jxeyicrTov Stj, deS>v ovto) bibovTcov Trept-
 
 44 XENOPHON, 
 
 <^az'(3s ayaOa Kol (f)oj3ol,^r}v av avTovs kol alcryyvoiix-qv 
 aTToAnrwy ravTa etKr) a'niXOelv. eyw \xkv ovv ovrcos, ec^r;, 
 'n'oa/trw T^/xets 8e ottcos ytyycocTKere ovrco /cai Trotetre, koI 
 
 f/ow his ' Kinsman ' protested that the voice of Nature commanded 
 him tofollo<w Cyrus, and that he could not but obey. 
 
 5 ripcSros 8' 6 cftrjcras ttot€ (rvyyevr}S tov Kvpov eu'ai 
 elirev, 'AAA' eyo) /LceV, €(f)ri, S» /3acrtAeS' /SacrtAevs yap 
 eixoLyc boKcls (pva-^L 7r€cf)VK€vat ovbev rJTTOv rj 6 ev Tca 
 (rfxriveL (pvofxcvos tS)v jxeXLTT&v rjyejxcjiv' €K€iv(a re yap 
 al \xiXi.TTaL kKovaai fxev ireidovrat, ottov 8' hv iiivr\, 
 
 lo ovbefxCa evrevdev aTrepxerai" iav 8e Trot e^i^, ovbejXia 
 avTov aTToXeiireTat.. ovTCd betvos tls epcos avrais tov 
 ap\€(T6ai, vt: €K€lvov kyyiyv^rac koX rrpos (re bi p.0L 25 
 boKOVcri TTapaTTKricriois ttcos ol avOponroi ovTOi biaKelcrdai,. 
 Koi yap (is Ilepo-as ore irap ^/xwy aTrr^ecs, Tts M7}8coy 
 
 15 ^ yeos ?) yepcov (rod aTTe)\.eL(f)6r] to p.r] crot aKoXovdelv 
 €(rT€ 'Aorvdyij? ^/la? aTTeaTp^^ev ; e7rei8r) 8' ck Ilep- 
 (Toiy ftoTjObs rip.lv 0ipp.ri6rjS, a^^bbv av ecop&pev tovs 
 (piXovs (TOV TidvTas ideXovcriovs o-vveTTOixivovs. ore 8' 
 a5 rfjs bcvpo (rrpaTelas i'!Te6vp.r](ras, irdwes crot M^8ot 
 
 20 €k6vt€S TjKokovOricrav. vvv 8' av ovtcjos 'i^opev w? crvv 26 
 pkv (To\ ojucos Kat ti' rr; TToAe/xta oyres 6appovp.ev, avev 
 8e o-ou Kat o'^Ka8e aTTtivai (})ol3ovpi.ida. ol \xkv ovv d'AAot 
 OTTcos TTotTjcroucrti' avrot ipov(nv' eyw 8e, a> K5pe, Ka\ 
 a)V eyoi) KpaT(a kol pevovp,(v irapa crot Kat opwvres (re 
 
 25 av€^6p.€6a Kal KapT€pr}crop.ev vtto <rov iVtpyiTOVjxevoi.
 
 CVROPAEDIA, V. i. 45 
 
 Tbe Medes ivith one voice declare that they ivtll go nvith Cyrus. 
 The Persians are exempted from all duties except those proper 
 to ivarriors. 
 
 27 'Em TovTio eXe^ev 6 Ttypayr;? (38e' 2v, ^(f)r], S Kvpe, 
 jx-qTroTe Oavixdcrrji av eyw (tkottS)' fj yap \lruxv, e^^, ovx. 
 as (3ovX.evcrov(ra Trapea-KevacrTaL aAA.' ws TTOLrjo-ovcra 6,ti 
 
 28 av -napayyiXXrjs. 6 he 'TpmvLos eiTrei/, 'AAA.' eyw p-iv, 
 oi M^8ot, et vvv aireXdoLTe, baifxovos av (fiairiv ti]v ein- s 
 l3ovXi]v dvai to p.7] kaaai vp.as p.iya €vba[p,ovas yev^a-dai' 
 avdpcoTTtvr] he yva>p.r] tls av r) (fievyovTcav tS>v iroXep-toiv 
 a-noTpeTTOLTo i) oirXa TrapahihovTOiv ov< av Xap.(3dvoL rj 
 kavTovs hihovToav koX tol kavrOtv ovk av Se'xoiro, dXXcos re 
 Kol Tov riyepiovos rjplv ovtos tolovtov 6? e/xot hoaei, cos lo 
 opLVvpLL vpXv iravras rovs Oeovs, ev TioiSiV r]p.as p.dXXov 
 
 29 rjhea-Oat, rj eavrbv TrXovTiCcav. eirl tovt(o iravTes ol MrjhoL 
 Toid8' eXeyov- 2v, S> Kvpe, Kal e^i]yayes 7/^as Kal o'Uahe 
 orav dirUvai Katpbs honfj, <tvv (toI rip.ds dye. 6 he Kvpos 
 TavTa aKOva-as e-nrjv^aro, 'AA.A.', S» Zev jueytore, alrovixaC 15 
 
 30 (ye, hos Tovs e/xe Tip.G>vTas vLKijaai p.e ev iroiovvTa. en 
 TovTov eKeXevcre tovs p.ev dXXovs (()vXaKds KaTao-TriaavTas 
 ap.4> avTovs I'jhr] exeiv, tovs he Ylepaas hLaXa[5elv ras 
 (TKrjvds, Tols piev iTnrevaL Tas tovtols TrpeTTova-as, toIs he 
 ireCols TOLS TOVTOis dpKovcras' Kal ovru) KaTaa-TrjcracrOat 20 
 OTTWS iroiovvTes ol ev Tals a-Krjvals TrdvTa to. heovTa (f)e- 
 pcocTiv els Tas ra^ets toIs IlepcraLS Kal tovs Xttttovs Te6e- 
 pairevp-evovs Trape'xwo-t, Ueparais he p.r]hev dXXo 77 epyov ?) 
 TO, TTpos TOV TToXep.ov eKTioveiv. TavTrjv p.ev ovv ovtm 
 hiriyov Trjv rip.epav. 25
 
 4<5 XENOPHON, 
 
 CHAPTER 11. 
 
 Hoiv Cyrus came to the castle of Gobryas, and hoiv Gobryas 
 kept his nvord, and ga-ve to Cyrus all that he had. 
 
 ITpw h' avacTTCLVTes eiropcvovTo Trpo? To^^pvav, Kvpos 1 
 fxev €(f)' tTTTTOV Kttt ol YlepaHv iTTTreis yeyeyrjjueVot eh bia- 
 XtAtous' ol he to. tovtu>v yeppa koX tcls KOiribas exovres 
 ilTl TOVTOLS etlTOVTO, XcTOi OVT€S Tov apidjxov Ka\ T] a\Xr] 
 5 8e (TTpaTta TeTayfj-ivr] eTiopevero. (Kaa-rov 8' €k4Xcv(T€ 
 rots KaivoLS kavrSiv depanovcnv eiirelv on octtis av avrGtv 
 7] T&v OTncrOo^vXaKOdv (paivrjTaL oTTia-dev tj tov iX€T(aT:ov 
 trpoaOev Xrj ?) Kara irXdyLa e^co tS>v kv rfj ra^ei ovTUiV 
 aXi(TKr]Tat, KoKacrOrjaeTai. bevTepoLoi. be ajxcpl beCkriv 2 
 
 10 yiyvovrai Trpos rw Toi[3pvov ^(oopta), /cat 6p(a(nv virepio'- 
 Xypov re to epvfxa koL iirl tS>v TeiyStv iravTa irapecrKeva- 
 a-pieva o)s av KpaTiaTa aTTopidxoLTO' /cat (iovs be ttoXXovs 
 Kol -najXTTokXa irpolBaTa vtto to, epvjxva Trpoa-qyiJieva edpcov. 
 TrepLxf/as b' 6 Toi^pvas Trpos tov Kvpov eKe\ev(re trepteXd- 3 
 
 15 aavTa ibelv fj r] Trpocrobos evTreTea-TaTr], eto-co be Trepi^ai, 
 TTpos eavTov tS>v TncrTcav TLvas, otTtves avT^ to, evbov 
 ibovTes dTTayyeXovcTiv. ovrco bi] 6 Kvpos avrbs fxev rw 4 
 ovTi ^ovX6p.evos ibelv e'i irov eXr] alpecripLov to retxos, ei 
 yj/evbris (jiaCvoLTo 6 Tu>(ipva9, Treptr/Aavye TtdvToOev, ecopa 
 
 20 re la-^ypoTepa ttdvTa rj iipoa-ekOelv ovs b' eirep-xf/e Trpos 
 Tu)l3pvav, cfntiyyeXkov rw Kwpo) ort TOcravTa eXrj evbov 
 ayada ocra eir dv6p(o7T(DV yevedv, u)s (r(f)i(n boKelv, p.r] hv 
 eiTiKLTrelv tovs evbov ovTas. 6 jxev br] Kvpos ev (fypovTtbi. 5 
 r]V o,TL TTor' etJ] TavTa, 6 be Foofipvas avTos re e^jjet Trpos 
 
 25 avTov KttL Tovs evboOev irdvTas e^rjye (})epovTas oXvov, 
 dk(j)LTa, dXevpa, dXXovs be eXavvovTas /Sou?, atya?, oty, 
 (TVS, Kol eX rt jdpcoTov, iravra LKavd TTpoaijyov ws beiirv^-
 
 CYROPAEDIA, V. ii. 47 
 
 6 (Tai TTCLcrav Trjv crvv Kvp(o a-Tpariav. ol ykv hr] kiu. TOVT(a 
 TaxO€VT€s htripovv re ravTa koX ibetirvoTToCovv. 6 he Fo)- 
 fipvas, cTTcl TrdvTes avr^ ol avbpes e^co ^(rav, eiauvai 
 Tov Kvpov €Kikevcr€v ottcos vop.(,^oL aacpaXicTTaTov. irpo- 
 eta-TTep.'^as ovv 6 Kvpos iTpocrKoiTOVS Koi hvvap.iv avrbs 5 
 ovTcos etcrrjet. eirel 8' elcrrjXdev avaTT€TTTap,4vas ras 
 TTvXas k\U)V, TrapeKoAet tovs (f)l\ovs iravTas koI ap)(^ovTas 
 
 7 T(av p.ed' eavTov. eireihr} he evhov rjaav, eK^ipoiv 6 Fto- 
 /Spvas (fiidXas xpw^a? koI Trpoxovs koI KaXinhas koL koct- 
 fxov iravTolov Kat hapeiKovs dp.iTpovs tlvcls koI iravTa 10 
 KaXd TToAAa, re'Aos ttjv dvyaripa, heivov tl kclXXos koL 
 p.eye9os, irevdiKas 8' e)(OV(rav tov dh€\(j)Ov TeOvrjKOTO^, 
 i^dywv w8e elirev' 'Eyw croi, S) Kvpe, rd p.ev \prip.aTa 
 ravTa hcopovp.aL, Tr]v he Ovyarepa ravTriv eTnTpeiroy hiade- 
 aOai oTTcos av crv ^ovkri' iKerevop^ev he, eyca piev koL 15 
 irpocrOev tov vlov, avTt] he vvv tov dhekcpov Tip.Mpov 
 yevecrQai ere. 
 
 Hoiu Cyrus praised Gobryas as having gi'ven to him something 
 more precious than any riches, the glory of Justice, and promised 
 to bestonu his daughter on a ivorthy husband, 
 
 8 O he K5/509 irpos ravTa etirer, 'AAA' eyo) crol p-ev koI 
 TOTe v7Te<Txdp.r]v dyj/evhovvTos (tov Tip,(aprjcreLV els hvvapiv' 
 vvv he (Toi 6p& 6(j)eL\(t)v ttjv xmoa^ea-iv, koX TavTrj vt:l(tx^- 20 
 vovp.at TO, avrd TavTa crvv deols Tioiria-eiv. koX to. p.ev 
 XpripaTa TavTa, e(f)r], eyo) piev hexopat, hihcDpn 8' avTO. Trj 
 7rat8t TavTrj KaKeivca os av yi'ip-'r} avTrjv. ev he hS>pov 
 aireipn e^uiv Trapa aov dvQ^ ov ovh^ dv to, ev BajSvXQvi, 
 
 el Kai TTXelara eaTiv, ovhe Ta TtavTa^ov dvTl tovtov ov 25 
 
 9 (TU pot heh(apr](Tai. rjhiov dv ex<^v diiekOoip.i. Ka\ 6 Fco- 
 /3/3j;as davp.daras re tl tovt eir] koI v-noiiTevaas p.r] ti]v
 
 48 XENOPHON, 
 
 dvyaripa \iyot, ovtm^ Tjpero' Kal H tovt ((ttw, ((prj, o) 
 Kvpe; Koi 6 Kvpos aTreKpCvaTo, "On, (.<prj, eyd, cb Fco- 
 /3pva, TToAXoi)? p.€v oifxai dvat, avOpcairovs oL ovre aaefielv 
 hv edikoiev ovre abiKeiv ovre av \l/€vboLVTO (Kovres elvac 
 
 5 8ta 8e TO {X7]bh'a avTois 'f]6e\iiKf.vai TrpoiaOaL ju.7]re XP^/" 
 fxara ttoWo. jxrire rvpavviha pujTe rdyr] epvp-va /^Tjre 
 TeKva a^UpacTTa, aTTo6v)](rKOV(n Ttporepov irplv brjXoL y'ly- 
 vecrOat oloi ^aav e/ixoi 8e crv vvvl Kol rei'xtj epvixva km 10 
 ■nXovTOV TTavTobaTTov kol hvvap.iv ti]v a-rjv kol dvyarepa 
 
 10 a^LOKTTjTOV eyxeiptVas TreTTOLrjKas /xe MjXov yevea-Oat Tramv 
 avdpcaiTOis oTt ovt &v acrejBdv TT€pl ^eVou? kdikoip.L ovt 
 av abiKelv xp-qp-aTuiv €veK.a ovre avvOriKas av \j/ivhoLp.r}V 
 kK<av elvai. tovtoov €y<a, eu tcrOt, eco? av avrip bUaLos w 11 
 K.al boKwv elvaL rotoCros eiratyw/jiai vir' avdpatrroiv, ovttot 
 
 15 (iTLkri(Top.ai, dWa TreLpd(rop.aC ere avTiTip.7](Tai Traai rois 
 KaXols. Kal avbpos b\ i(f)r], rfj Ovyarpl p.r} (f)OJ3ov ws 12 
 aTTopTyo-eis a^[ov TavTr]S' ttoAAoI yap KayaOoX (f)[\oL dcnv 
 kp-o'i' &v Tts yapLeZ TavT-qv d p^ivTOL ■)(j)r]p.aB^ e^et to- 
 a-avTa oaa b'lbois t) Kal aXKa TroWaTrXdaia tovtcj^v, ovk 
 
 20 h,v €yoip.i elTTelV av p.ivToi ev laQi on dcrC nves avTu>v 
 ot wv p.ev (TV bibcos x.py]p.dT(av ovbi p.iKpbv rovTOiv ev^Kd 
 (T€ p-aWov davp-dCovcrtv' e/xe 8e (rjXovcn vvvl Kal iv^ov- 
 rat irdat Oeois y^viadai Trore CTnbei^aa-dai. w? Trtoroi 
 juey eio-ii; ovbev rJTTOv e/xoC rois (f)iXoLS, rots be TToXe- 
 
 25 /iiois &)S ovTTor' ay v^dvTo C^vre^, d p.r] ri? 0e6s /3Ad- 
 TTTOf dyrt 8' dperTJs- Kat 6o£?]? dyaS?}? on ovb' av to. 
 ^vpMV Trpos rot? uois Kal 'Acro-vpicoz; Trdz/ra irpoiXoLVTo' 
 Toiovrou? dvbpas eS tcr^t ei^rav^a Kadr]p.ivovs. Kal 6 Fco- 13 
 /Spvas eiTTC yeA-do-as, ITpo? rwy ^ewi-, e(^Tj, S» KCpe, bd^ov 
 30 877 /xot TToS oSrot daiv, tva ae tovtuiv nva ah'qa-oip.aL 
 -nalbd jxoL yeveaOat. Kal 6 Kvpos eiTrer, Ovbev ep.ou
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. 11. 49 
 
 Serjcret ■nvvdav^crQai, dAA.' hv crvv rjixiv eirri, avTos crv 
 e^ets Kol aAAo) beLKVvvaL avriav iKaarov. 
 
 Honv Gobryas supped woith Cyrus in the camp, and nvas forced to 
 adij^ire the simplicity, temperance, and courtesy of the Persians. 
 
 14 TocraSr' eiTTWi' be^idv re XajBcov rod Todfipvov koX 
 avaaras e£>?ei, koL tovs fxeO^ avTov i^rjyev aitavras' koX 
 TToXka beofxevov rod Tco^pvov 'ivbov beLirvelv ovk rj64- 5 
 KrjG-ev, dAA' ey rw aTparoiribco kbe'mvei. kol tov Tco^pvav 
 
 15 avvb^LTTVov TrapiXajSev. IttI crrt^dSos be KaraKXiveh 
 ■IjpeTo avTov ujbe' EtTre ixol, €(f}ri, S Tut^pva, irorepov 
 ouL (Tol elpat, TrAetco rj eKaaro) rj[X(av (TTp(i)\xaTa ; koX 05 
 et.TT€v, ifxiv VT] At ev oto on, e(p7j, Kat crTpiajxaTa TrAeioj 10 
 eorl Ka6 KKivat, kol oiKla ye iroAi; jxeC^oiv rj vjxeTepa rrjs 
 e/x^?, ot ye out a jjiev \pri(T6e yfj re Kat ovpav<^, kXIvul 
 
 b vpuv ila-LV OTTocrat evval yevoLvr' av eirl yr]S' dTpca- 
 fxara be vop-i^ere ov^. oVa irpo^ara (f)veL epia, aX.)C ocra 
 
 16 opr] re Kat TtebCa avir](n. to jxev bi] Trp&Tov (TvvbenrvS>v 15 
 aiirot? 6 Toifipvas koX bp(av tj]v (j)av\6Ti]Ta Tcav napaTide- 
 ixevoov /Spcojixdrcay ttoXv acfyas evopa^ev eXevdepLcoTepovi 
 
 17 eti'at avT(t)v' ertel be Karevorjcre ttjv p^erpioTriTa tS)v (tv(t- 
 (TiTcov e7r' ovbevl yap (Bpcap-aTL ovbe Trw/xart Ylepaijs 
 avrjp T&v TreTTaibevpievcov ovt hv 6p.p.a(nv eKTTeTT/\.riyp.evos 20 
 KaTacpavrjs yevoiTo ovre apTrayfj ovre rw vQ //r/ ov)(l 
 TrpoaKOTTelv airep av Kat /xt) eTrt o'trw wy dAA' wo-nep 
 
 ot iTTTTtKOt 8td ro p.r] TaparTeadai eirl tS>v ittttcdv bvvav- 
 rat &iJt,a iTTirevovTes kuI opav Kat UKOvetv kuI Xeyeiv to 
 beov, ovTO) KaKelvoi ev r<p o-trw otoz/rat belv <pp6vip.0L 25 
 Kat p-eTptoL (j}aLvecr9aL' to be KeKtvfjaOaL vtto tQv /3pco- 
 pi6.T(i}v Kal rjys TToVeco? Tidvv avTols vikov Ka\ drjpi&bes 
 
 18 ooKet elvac evev6r]cre be avToJv nal o)s eTrrjpwrcoi' dAA?j- 
 
 E
 
 5© XENOPHON, 
 
 Xovs Toiavra ola epaiTrjOrjvaL i]hiOv rj /utrj kol ^cTKCdTTTov 
 ola (TKOxjiOrjvat ijbiov r] jxi]' a re eTrat^oi; ws ttoKv juey 
 v^pecos dTTrjv, ttoAu 8e tov alcry^pov tl TTOtelv, ttoXv 8e 
 Tov ■)(aXeT:aive(Tdai Trpos aXXrjXovs. p-iyicrTov S' ai/rw 19 
 5 €bo^ev ilvai to kv aTpaT^Cq ovras rGtv ds tov ovtov 
 Ktvhvvov €ixl3aiv6vTCtiv ixrjbevoi oUaOaL belv TrXetco irapa- 
 Tid€(r6aL, aWa tovto vojxiCeLV ijbCa-Trjv ivdiyjiav ilvai 
 Tovs <TV}x}xa)(je(T9ai p^iWovras otl /3eArt(rrous iTapaa-Kevd- 
 C^iv. TjvLKa 8e Fco/Spva? wj els oIkov avioiv aviaTaTO, 20 
 
 lo elirelv Aeyerat, Ovk^tl davfjidCot), co Kvpe, el eKirdyp-aTa 
 jxev Kai t/xana kol y^pvcrlov rjpiels vpQ)V irkeiova KeKTij- 
 IxeOa, avTol he ekaTTOvos vp.&v d^ioi eap-ev. 7]p.els likv 
 yap eTnp,eX6p,e9a ottoo? rjpii; ravTa o)s TrAetora ea-Tai, 
 vfiels be p.01 boKelTe einpiekeaOaL oirois aiiTol ws /3eAri- 
 
 15 oTot eaecrOe. 6 p.ev TavT el-nev 6 he Kvpos, "Ay, e^rj, 21 
 d) Todjipva, oTTcos Tip(o Tiapecrei e^t^v tovs linreas e^to- 
 •nki(Tp.evovs, tva t-ijv bvvapLv (tov 'ib(ap.ev, koX ap.a hict 
 Ttjs oTJs X'^pcts d^eis i]p.ds, oircas av elb5>p.ev d re hei 
 cfiikLU Koi TTokep.La vop.L^eiv. 
 
 20 Tore p.ev Sr) TavT elirovTes diTijkdov eKarepos ctti ra 22 
 TTpoo-qKOVTa. 
 
 Cyrus takes counsel zvith Gobryas and the Hyrcanian chief. 
 
 'ETTet he rjpepa eyeveTo, Trapijv 6 Ycafip'vas e)(U)V tovs 
 iTTTieas, KoX ijyelTo. u he Kvpos, wcrTrep TTpoarjKeL dvhpl 
 dp)(pvTi, ov p.6vov T(ri TTopeveaOat ttjv ohov Trpocrel'x^e tov 
 25 vovv, dkk' djxa iipoioiv eirea-KOTTelTo et tl bvvaTov eii/ 
 TOVS TTokepiovs da-Qevea-Tepovs TTOielv rj avTovs la^ypo- 
 Tepovs. Kakecras ovv tov 'Tpicdviov Koi tov Tut^pvav, 23 
 TovTovs yap ev6p.L(ev elbevai p.dki,aTa S>v avTos (oeTO 
 hela-QaL p.a6elv, 'Eyw rot, e'fjb?;, cb dvbpes (fiikot, ot/xai
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. ii. 51 
 
 (Tvv viuv h.v Qis TncTTois l3ovX€v6[j.evos irepl rod ■^oAeju.ov 
 Tovbe ovK av e^aixaprdv^LV' bpS> yap on fxaXXov v\xlv 
 rj efiot (TKeTTTeov ottcos ^ Aacrvpios rjjxStv \rf] iTTiKpaTrjaeL. 
 €[J.oc jxev yap, '4^r], rOivhe aTTOcr(f)aX€VTi, ^(ttlv tcro)? Kal 
 aXXrj a7TO(rTpo(f)-^- vpXv 8', et ovtos kiriKpaT-qa-^i, bpS) ap-a 5 
 
 24 TTavTa to. ovra aXXoTpia yLyv6p.€va. Ka\ yap kp.o\ p.\v 
 TToXip.ios k(TTLv, OVK f/ic pLKTutv, aKX! olop-evos acrvp.- 
 (})opov eavT<a p.€ydXovs elvai rip.as, Kal arparevet 8ta 
 TOVTO icp' 7]p.ds' vpas be Kal p.Kre'i, dhiKei(T9ai vop,i((av 
 v<p vp.S>v. TTpbs ravra aTieKpivavTO ap.(f)6T€poL KaTo. ravTo. 10 
 irepaLveiv o,tl j^ieAAei, w? ravT eiSoVt acfiia-t, Kal /xe'Aoy 
 avTols i(r)(ypois ottt] to /le'AAoy d-no^riaoiro. 
 
 They promise him fresh allies, and tell of the cruelty of the 
 Assyrian Ki7ig to Gadatas. But the principality of Gadatas 
 lies on the other side of Babylon. 
 
 25 'EyraJj^a 87) yjp^aro (S8e" Ai^are h] p.01, ((jit], vp.ds 
 vop.iCei p.6vovs TTokepLiKcas e;)(ety 6 ^Aaavpios nrpos kavTov, 
 
 7/ kixicTTaa-de Kal dXXov rivd avr^ ■noXlp.iov ; Nat pa. 15 
 At , kc^y] b TpKavLOs, TtoXepLLCoraTot. pev elaiv avr(i^ 
 KaSowtot, eOvos iioXv re Kal aXKipov' 'EaKai ye p'i]V 
 op.opot r]p.lv, ot KaKOL ttoXXol TreTTovOacnv vtto tov 'Aa-crv- 
 piov kirnparo yap KaKeCvovs coairep Kal 7/ju.as Karaa-rpi- 
 
 26 \lraa6ai. Ovkovp, k(f)rj, o'UcrO^ av vvv avTovs dp(f)OTipovs 20 
 Tjbeios av iinlSijvaL p.e6^ rjp.(ov rw 'Ao-cruptw ; ((f)a(rav Kal 
 a(j)oOp av, et -nfi ye ovvaivTO avupa^ai. 1 1 , ecpr}, ev 
 pJa(o earl tov avpjxi^aL ; ^Aaavpioc, ^(fiacrav, to avTo 
 
 27 'idvos hi ovirep vvvl Tropevei. eTret 8e TavTa ijKovcrev b 
 Kvpos, Tt yap, e^rj, 00 Tco/Spva, ov av tov veavicTKOV 25 
 TovTov OS vvv ets Ty]v ISaaiXeiav KaOea-TrjKev VTreprjcfyaviav 
 TToXXriv TLva tov TpoTiov KaTTjyopeLs ; ToLavTa yap, oXp.ai, 
 
 E 2
 
 5a XENOPHON, 
 
 €(/)?] 6 r(a(3pvas, eiraOov v-k avrov. Uorepa brJTa, i<pr) 
 Kupos, et? (t\ fxovov tolovtos eyivero rj koL ds aXXovs 
 Ttva9 ; Nr) At", ec^rj 6 ra)/3pms, Kat eU aWovs ye' aWa 28 
 Tovs fxev aaOevovvras oTa vjipiC^i ri hd. kiyeiv ; eros h\ 
 5 avhpos TToXv bvvaTuiTepov rj eyw vlov, Koi eKeLPOV halpov 
 ovra uKTirep tov kp.6v, (Tvp,i:ivovTa 'nap eavrcS a-vXka^tiiV 
 i^ireixev, ws p-ev nves ecfiaa-av, on fj TtaXkaKT) avrov 
 i'7n]ve(rev avrov a)s Kakos etrj /cat lp,aKapia-e rr]v p.€X- 
 Xova-av avr<^ yvvalaa (crea-Oai' ws Se avros vvv Aeyet, 
 10 on k-ndpacrev avrov ri]V TraWaKiba. nal vvv ovroi €V- 
 vovxos p.iv eo-rt, rr\v 8' dpx'V ^'x^'» ^'''^^ ^ rtarrip avrov 
 h€k€vrj](rev. Ovkovv, icfii], oUi av /cat rovrov fjhtu^s 29 
 rjp.as Ihdv, d otoiro kavn^ /Sotj^ovs av yeviaOat ; Ev 
 jbtey ovv, e(f)ri, olba, 6 Taifipvas' aXX' ibelv rot avrov 
 15 X^aXeTTo'y eoTty, S» KCpe. riws ; e<^r; 6 KSpos. 'On ei 
 p,e'AAet Tts eKetro) (Tvp,p.i^eLv, Trap' avri]v rT]v BajSvXtava 
 bd rrapdvai. Tt oSj;, e^r], roCro xaA.eTToV ; "On vy] At", 30 
 e(^T} 6 Tco/Spm?, ot8a e^eA^ouo-ay av bvvap.LV e^ avrjjs 
 TToXkaTrXaa-iav rjs (tv e'xets vw" eS 8' to-^t, l^rj, on Kat 
 20 8t' ai/ro rouro t/ttoV (rot z^w ^ ro nporepov 'AacrvpLOi. 
 Kal ra oirka a-no^ipov(Ti /cat rovs 'lttttovs cfnayovaiv, 
 on rols Ibovaiv avrwv dXiyx] ebo^ev dvai. r] o"^ bvvap.LS' 
 Kat 6 Ao'yo? ovros ttoXvs rjbt] 'la-naprac boKd be jxoi., 
 e(f)r], (SeXnov dvai <pvXarrop,ivovs TTopeveadaL. 
 
 Cyrus determines to march up to the tualls of Babylon., and 
 
 strike terror into the Assyrians by the display of his po'wer 
 
 and confidence. 
 
 25 Kat 6 Kupo? aKovcras rov Yoi^pvov rotavra roidSe 31 
 
 TTpo? avrov eXefj. KaXm p.ob boKels Xiyeiv, S Toifipva, 
 
 KeXevMv ws acr^aXicrrara ras rtopeCa^ noLdaOai. eyco 
 
 ovv (TKO-nuiV ov bvvap.aL hvoyja-at acr^aXearepav ovbe-
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. ii. 53 
 
 [x(av TTopeiav rjfxlv tov -Trpos avT-i]v Ba/SuXwz/a Uvai, et 
 CKet t5)v TTokefjLLcav eort to KpaTtaTov. TroWol fxev yap 
 elcriv, o)? (TV (^t??* el be dappovcn, koX heivoX rjixiv, ws 
 
 32 eyco (jirjixi, eaovTai. \ja) opwvres jxev ovv fjixas, aXX 
 olofxevoL cKpavels ilvat bta to (j)o(3€l(T6aL kKeivovs, cracf) 5 
 t(r9i, e0rj, otl tov jj-kv (po^ov airakXa^ovTai, os avTols 
 eveyeveTo, Odppos 8' kjxcpva-eTai clvtI to'vtov TO(rovT(o 
 fxel^ov 0(7(1) av TtXeiova \p6vov Jjfxas fxr] bputcnv' 7]v 8e 
 rihr] icojLiey ctt' avTovs, 'noKKovs jxev avTCJV evpTjcrofxcv 
 €TL KXaovTas Tovs aiToOavovTas {/(pi" rjix&v, itoWovs 8' 10 
 ert TpavjxaTa eTiLbebep.evovs a vitb t5>v r]iJLeTep(ov eAa/3oi;, 
 TtdvTas 8' eVt p.€[j.vri[xevovs Trjs f^iey Tovbe tov crTpaTev- 
 
 33 p-aTos T6\p.r]s, Trjs 8' avTwv (pvyrjs re kol crvp^cpopas. eS 
 6' 1(t6i, e(pri, S) T(i)f3pva, Iva kol tovt etSr/s, ol iroWol 
 avOpcaiToi, OTav p.^v 6o.ppS>(riv, o.vv7:6(TTaTov to ^p6vr]p.a 15 
 "napiyjivTai' oTav be bei(r(i>cnv, ocro) av irXetovs uxri, 
 ToaovT(o ixei^U) kol eKite'nXriyp.evov p-aXkov tov (pofSov 
 
 34 K€KTrivTai. e/c ttoWQv p.ev yap Kal KaK(av \6y(av rji^-q- 
 p.4vos avTols TTapecTTiv, e/c TToXkStv be koI 7T0viip(av XP^~ 
 p.aT(av, eK TToWQv be Kal bv(r6vp.(av re Kal e^ecrTrjKOTcov 20 
 TTpocrccnTOiv ijOpoLaTat. axrO' viro tov p-eyedovs ov pabiov 
 avTov ecTTLV ovTe \6yoLS KCTa(r(3e(rai ovTe Tipoa-dyovTa 
 TToXep.LOL9 p.evos ejxftaXelv ovTe dirayo.yovTa dvadpe\{/ai. 
 TO (ppovrjpa, aAA' ocro) av p.a\X.ov avTols Oappelv Trapa- 
 
 35 KeXevr], to(tovt(o ev beivoTepois rjyovvTai elvai. eKelvo 25 
 p.evT0L VT] AC, e(f)ri, (rKe^j/(op.e6a a/cpt/Sws ottco? exei. et 
 fxev yap to aTto Tovbe al vlKai eaovTai ev tois TToXepuKOis 
 epyois oTTOTepOb av TrXeCova oxXov dTrapi6p.r]a(0(TLv, 6p6(as 
 Kal (TV (f)oftel Tiepl rjixtov Kal rjp.els rw ovtl ev becvols 
 e(Tp.ev' el p.evTot &(n:ep irpocrOev bia tovs ev p-a^op-evovi 30 
 eTL Kol vvv al p.d\at KpivovTai, OappStv ovbev av a-(f)a-
 
 54 XENOPHON, 
 
 XeCrjs' TToXv yap avv rots deols itkdovas evprjo-^is iiap 
 Tjfuv Tovs diXovras p-dx^crdai rj Trap' eKcivot?. w? 8' eVt 36 
 fxaWov Oappfjs, koL robe KaravorjcTov' ol p.kv yap TroXe- 
 fxiOL TTokh jxkv ika-TToves dcri vvv rj Trplv ■^rr-qdijvai v(f)' 
 
 5 r]p.5>v, TTokv b' ekcLTToves rj ot€ cnrebpaa-av ^/xSs* r][xels 
 8e Kal jXiiCoves vvv rj irptv, CTret v^viK-qKap-ev, Ka\ la-^o- 
 poTepoL, eTrei r]VTvyjlK^o.ixev' Kal irXeiovcs be, e-TTft vjoieis 
 rjjMV TTpoa-eyevea-de p.r] yap ert drt/xa^e }xr]be Toivs a-ovs, 
 eird (Tvv rjplv dcrC crvv yap rot? viKwcn, adcj)' '[crdi, S) 
 
 10 Fco/Spi/a, QappovvT^s Kal ol aKokovOoi (irovTai. fxy] kav- 37 
 6av€T0i bi are ixrjbe tovto, €(l)r], otl e^eaTL pikv rots 
 TToAejUtot? /cat vvv Ibelv rjixas' yopyorepoL 8e, cra^' icrOi, 
 ovbap.Ms hv avTols (fyaveCrjjxev /xeVoyrfs rj lovres ctt' 
 €K€Lvovs. ft)? ovv ifxov TavTa yiyvcacTKOVTOs aye rji^as 
 
 15 ev6v BafSvkStvos. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 J/je March. Cyrus gives the booty captured on the ivay to the rich 
 Gobryas, lest he should think the Persians beggars because they 
 had no gold. 
 
 OvTUi fxev brj TTopevofxevoi, TerapTaloi Trpos rot? opiots 1 
 Trjs T<i)^pvov xapas kyivovTo. w? he ev rfj -nokep-ia rjv, 
 Karearriae kajS^v ev rd^ei jxeO' eavTov rovs re TreCovs 
 Kal tQv LTTTTeMv oTToo-ovs eboKei KaA(3? avrco e^eiv' tovs 
 20 8' akXovs l-wneas d(f)VKe KaraOeiv, kol eKekevae rovs p.ev 
 oTtka e)(^ovTas KaraKaCveiv, tovs 8' dkkovs Kal TrpofBara 
 oca av kaj3oocn irpos avrov dyeiv. eKekevcre be Kal tovs 
 Ilepa-as crvyKaradelv' Kal rJKOv TTokkol fxev avrdv Kara- 
 KeKvki(rp.'<.voL a~o t5>v Xinroiv, irokkol be Kal keiav irkei-
 
 CVROPAEDIA, V. ill. ^^ 
 
 2 arriv ayovT€S. ws 8e TTapT]v t] Aeta, (TvyKa\4<ras tovs re 
 T&v MtIj^mv ap)(0VTas koX twv 'TpKavioiv nal tovs oixoti- 
 juovs e'Ae^ei; w8e* "Avbpes (jiCXoi, k^ivicr^v riixas airav- 
 Tos TToXAot? ayaOois T(a[3pvas. ei ovv, e(/)?j, roTs OeoTs 
 e^e\6vT€s TO voiMiCop-eva kol rfj crrpaTta to, iKava ti]v 5 
 a\Xr]v TovT(o hoirjiiev K^iav, ap av, i.^ri, Kokov ttouj- 
 crai/xey tw €v6vs (pavepoX eTvai, oti Ka\ tovs ev iroiovvTas 
 
 3 Tretpco/xe^a vikolv eS Trotowvres ; w? 8e rour' ■fJKOvaav, 
 TTavTes fxev iiriivovv, iravres 5' eveKcoixia^ov' els Se Kat 
 eXe^ev (S8e' riaz^u, e^rj, S KCpe, tovto TToirjcroixev' Kai 10 
 yap p.ot SoKei, e^Jj, 6 Fco/Spms tttcox^ovs Tti-as j/juas ro|i;it- 
 ^ety, OTi ov bapeLKav {xeaTol {JKOfxev ovbe ex xpvaSiv 
 TTivop-ev (f)ia\(av' ei be tovto iroiria-op.ev, yvoir] av, ecfir], 
 
 4 oTL ecTTiv eXevOepiovs elvai K.a\ avev -^pvaov, "Aye br\, 
 e(f)ri, TO, t5>v Oedv airobovTes Tols fj-ayois (cat ocra Trj 15 
 (TTpaTta iKava e^eXovres TaXXa KaXea-avTes tov Tco^pvav 
 boTe avT(o' ovtoo brj ka^ovTes eKelvoi oara ebei TaWa 
 eboaav rw Ta^^pva.^,.^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Honv Gobryas nvOs sent to challetige the King of Assyria. Hoiu 
 the King defied him. 
 
 5 Ek tovtov by] fjei irpos BajSvX&va i:apaTa^ap.evos utcr- 
 Trep OTe rj \xayr] r)v. ws 8' ovk avTe^fiaav ol ^Aaavpiot, 20 
 eKeXevcrev 6 Kvpos tov Tinjipvav TrpocreXdaavTa eiirelv 
 OTi ei jBovXeTai, 6 (iacriXevs e^L^v virep ttjs \uipas fJ-a)(e- 
 crOaL, Kav avTos (rvv eKeiv(a iJ.d)(^oiTo' ei be fxi] ap.vvel^ 
 
 6 Trj X(apa, oti dvdyKrj tois KpaTovm TreiOecrBaL. 6 \xev 
 bi] Toy^pvas irpocrriXaaev evOa daif^aXes rjv TavTa eiiielv, 25 
 6 8' avT^ e^e7Tep.^ev dTTOKpi.vovp.evov TOidbe' AecriroTrjs 
 
 6 (Tos Xeyei, aj Toiftpva, Ow^ on direnTeLvd ctov tov vlov 
 fxeTafxeXeL p.oi, dXX' on ov koX ae -npoaaTieKTeiva. p-dyje-
 
 ^6 XENOPHON, 
 
 aOai h'k lav fSovXrjo-Oe, T/Kere ei? TpiaKOcrrriv rjfxipav' 
 vvv 8' oviroo i]\xiv cr)(oXr]' en yap irapao-KevaCop-eOa. 6 7 
 be Tcofipvas eiirey, 'AAAa pLrjiTOTe aot, Xri£eMV avTr] t) 
 fxerafXiXeia' bi]Xov yap on aviS) ai ri, k^ ov avTrj ae 7] 
 5 IxeraixtXeia e'x^et- 
 
 Cyrus has hopes that Gadatas may help him by a stroke of 
 
 treachery. 
 
 *0 p.€v h-f] ToyjBpvas aTrriyyeiXe to, tov ^ Aa-a-vpiov 6 8 
 he Kvpos aKova-as ravra aitriyaye to arpaTevp-a' (cat 
 KaXe(Tas tov Tut/Spijav Eittc piot, ecprj, ovk eXeyes pevToi 
 (TV on TOV eKTp.rj6evTa inrb tov ^Aaavpiov otei av crvv 
 
 10 rjp.lv yeveaOai ; Ev p.ev ovv, etfir}, 8o/cc3 elbevaL' ttoXXcL 
 yap br] eycoye KCLKelvos eTTapprjaiacrdpeOa irpos aXXi]Xovs. 
 'OTTore Toivvv croi boKel KaXcas e)(eiv, irpos avTov iTp6(n6i' 9 
 Kai TTponov p,ev ovTOi iroiei ottcos ay avTos Xeyrj elbr]Te' 
 iireibav be avyyevrj avT^, eav yvMS avTov (fiiXov (3ovX6- 
 
 \ ^ pLevov elvai, TovTo bet p-rj^avacrdai orrcas XdOrj (f)[Xos cov 
 rjpiv' ovTe yap av (piXovs tls iroiiqa-eiev dXXoiS ttcos 
 ■n'A.eto) dyaOa ev 7ToXep,(o rj TToXepnos boK&v etvai ovt hv 
 eyOpov'i irXeiu) tis (BXayp-eLev dXXoos ttco? ri (piXos boKoiv 
 eTvai. Kai /xTjy, e(pr] 6 Tcofipvas, olb' otl k^v TrpiaiTO 10 
 
 20 FaSara? to p.eya tl 7rot?/crat KaKov tov vvv fiacnXea 
 ^A(Tcrvpi(av' dXX' o,n hv bvvatTO, tovto bel koI rip.as 
 CTKOTTelv. Aeye brj p,oi, e(f)ri 6 Kvpos, els to (fipovpiov to 11 
 TTpb Trjs x<^pcis, (f)aTe 'TpKaviots re Kai 2a/cats eirtTe- 
 Tei^icrdai Trjbe ttj x*^P? -npojioXov eTvat, tov iroXepov, 
 
 25 ap' dv, e(f)r], otei vtto tov (fipovpap^ov itapeOrjvai tov 
 evvovy^ov eXOovTa crvv bvvdp.ei ; '2acf)&s y\ ecpr] 6 Toi- 
 fipvas, etirep avviroiTTOs S>v, (ocrirep vvv ea-Tiv, a<f)tKoiTo 
 Tipbs avTov. OvKovv, e(})r], avviroTTTOs hv etrj, el irpoa- 12
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. iii. 57 
 
 P&\oL{xi fxev eyo) irpos to. )(u>pia avTov ws ka^eiv [iovXo- 
 {xevos, aTTO/xaxotro 8e CKelvos ava Kpdros' /cat Xa^oi\j.i 
 likv avTov TL eyw, avTiXa^oi 8e KUKelvos r}}xS)V r] akkovs 
 TLva^ rj Kol ayyekovs TTefJ-TTOfxivovs vtt' ijxov Trpos totj- 
 Tovs ovs (f}aT€ TTokefj-Lovs 70) 'Ao-(7vptft) eTvaL' KOL ol jxkv 5 
 k-qcpOevTes kiyoiev on kill (TTpdTevjjLa dTTepx^ovrac kol 
 KkLfxaKas 0)5 eTTt to (fypovptov d^ovres, 6 8' €vvov)(^os 
 aKovcras TrpocnTotTqcraLTO Trpoayyelkat fiovkojxevos ravra 
 
 13 TTapelvaL. koI 6 TcolBpvas elirev on ovtco fxev yiyvo- 
 fxivcov (Ta(p(os TTapeirj av avTov, Koi heoLTO y av avTov lo 
 fj-evetv |co? cnrekOots. Ovkovv, ^(firj 6 Kvpos, ei ye aTra^ 
 ilcrikOoi, bvvaiT av rjpuv vTTO\€iptov TTOirjcrai to yu>piov ; 
 
 14 Et/cos yovv, €(f)ri 6 TcofSpijas, to. fxev (vbov iKeivov cruju- 
 TTapacTKevd^oPTOs, to, 8' €^a)9ev aov IcrxypoTepa irpocrd- 
 yovTos. "Wl ovp, ecf)-/], kol TTetpw raCra bibd^as kol 15 
 bLaTTpa^dp-evos Ttap^lvai' TnaTo. be avTto ovk av p.€L^(o 
 ovT etirois ovre bei^ais (av avTos (tv Tvyxdvets Tiap rjp-^v 
 €ikri(p(as. A ix-"—— 
 
 Ho-w Gadatas embrMm the proposal of Cyrus, seized upon a 
 certain fort, and delivered it to the Persians. 
 
 15 'Ek tovtov (^xcro p,ev 6 To!)(3pvas' dcrpLevos be lbo)v 
 avTov 6 evvovx^os (rvv(jop.ok6yeL re iravTa xai avviOeTo 20 
 a ebei. eTret be aTTriyyeikev 6 TuijSpvas oti irdvTa boKoi-q 
 l(r)(yp<as r&) cvz;ov)(<j) to. eincrTakevTa, eK tovtov ttj vare- 
 paia "npoa-efiake p.ev 6 Kupos, direp-d^eTO be 6 FaSara?. 
 
 16 tS)v be dyyekcov ovs eTrepLxf/ev 6 Kvpos iipoemciiv fj iropev- 
 (TOivTo, Tovs y.ev elacrev 6 FaSciras bta(})evyeLV, ottcos 25 
 dyoiev to. (TTpaTevp.o.Ta nai rds Kkip.aKas Kop.i^oLev' ovs 
 
 8' ekajSe, ^aaavCC^'^v evavTiov irokkStv, a>s rjKOva-ev ecji" 
 & e(f)acrav iropeveaOaiy evOeois (TvanevacrupLevos ws e^o,y-
 
 58 XENOPHON, 
 
 yeXStv TTJs VVKT05 eiropcveTo. reAo? 8^ Trtcrrev^et? ws 17 
 /3o7]0os eicrepxerat ets ro cfypovpiov' koI re'cos jnev (rv/x- 
 TTapea-KGijaCiv o,rt owatro ro) (fypovpdpx^io' eird be 6 
 Kvpos ■^\9e, KaraXaix^avei to -yuipiov avvepyom Trotrjcrd- 
 
 5 [Kvo'i Kol rous TTapa rod Kvpov atx/xaXwrous. eiret 8e 18 
 TovTO ^yivero, evOv^ 6 €Vvov)(^os to, evbov KaTaa-Trjcras 
 i^rjkde TTpos tov Y^vpov, koX t(5 ro/xo) TTpoa-Kwrja-ai etTre, 
 Xaipe, Kupe. 'AAAa TrotaJ raSr', e<^7]' o-i) yap ixe avv 19 
 roTs Oeols ov KeXeJet? fxovov aWa Koi avayKaC^is X^'" 
 
 10 peiy. ev yap icr^t, e<^77, on eyw /i/.eya TTOLovpiai (f)tXiov 
 TOVTO TO yuipiov Tois ev^aSc a-vp.jxayjoi.'i KaToke'ntoiv' <jov 
 
 X 8', e^rj, Si TahaTa, 6 'Acrcrvptos Traloas jxiv, ws ^oLne, to 
 
 \ TTOulcrOai, d^eiXero, ov [xivToi to ye ^lAous Swao-^at 
 Krao-^at airecrTepricrev' aAA.' eS to-^t oVi 17/Aas tco epyw 
 
 !5 Tovrw (piXovs TTeTroirjcrat, ot o-ot, eai' bvvu>p.e9a, Tieipaao- 
 fxeOa pLT] xeCpoves l3or]9ol TTapaarTrjvat, r] el iraibas €K- 
 yovovs eKCKDjo-o. 6 /ley raCr' eXeyev. kv he rovro) 6 20 
 "^TpKOLi'LOs apTt ycrOrjixevos to yeyevr]}xevov Tipoa-Oel rw 
 Ki;p&) Kttt \aj3oiv Tr]v be^tav avTov et-JTev, 'X2 fxeya aya- 
 
 20 ^01* crv rot? (/)t/\ots KiJpe, ws 7roA.A.7jy /xe roTs ^eois Trotei? 
 ^apiv d(^eiKeiv oti croi [xe (rvvrjyayov. "Wt vvv, e(f)r] 6 21 
 Kvpos, Kol Xal3(3)v to yo^piov ovirep eveKa fxe aa-rta^ei 
 hiaTiQei avTo ovtms ws hv r<5 vp-eTepdi (f)vk(^ irXeia-Tov 
 a^LOV 17 Kot rois aXAois (n;/x/xa)(ots, jxaXiaTa b\ e<^Tj, Fa- 
 
 25 odra Tovro), os ^p,ty avro Aa/3ci)i' TrapaSiScocri. 
 
 Cyrus hands o-ver the fort to the tribes to overaiue 'whom it 
 had been built. 
 
 Ti ovv ; e<l>r] 6 ^TpKavios, eneioav KaSovo-iot eXOuxri 22 
 KoX Sd/cat Kttt ot ep.ot iroXlTai, KaXe(roip,ev koL tovtov, 
 tva KOtvfi fiovXevautixeOa iravTes 60-01,9 irpocrriKei TrcSs av
 
 CVROPAEDTA, V. iii. 59 
 
 avfX(pop(!)TaTa y^pioiX€6a raJ <ppovpt(^ ; ravra jxev ovtco 
 
 23 (Tvvr\vea-€V 6 K{)pos" cTret 8e avvrjXOov ol^ e/iAeXe irepl tov 
 (ppovpCov, €(3ovXev(ravTo KOLvfj (^vXaTTHv ola-n^p ayaOov i^v 
 (pikiov ov, oTTws avTols [J.ev TTp6l3o\os etrj TroAe/xou, rots 8' 
 
 24 'Acro-yptot? kTiiTiT^ixicrixivov etr]. tovtcov y€vop.€V(av ttoXv 5 
 8^ TTpodvpLorepov koI TrAetou? Kat Ka8ov(rtoi crvvecrTpa- 
 TevovTO Koi 'Ea.K.at Kal 'Tp/cdvio^- Kat crvve)^4yr] kvTevQev 
 (TTpdT€V[xa Kahov(TLoov p.\v -TTeAraorat eis hKTiivpiovs koX 
 
 iTTirets ei? TiTpaKia^ikiovs, ^anStv 8e ro^drat ets [xvpiovs ^ , 
 
 /cai linroTo^oTai ets x'''^''''^^* '^"' 'TpKaviot 8e Tre^o'Js re 10 
 OTTOo-ous ib'uvavTO Trpoa-e^eTTeix^av Kal LTnreas e^eirXripo}- 
 crav ets 8to-)(tA.toi;s* ro yap TTpoaOev KO-TaK^Xeip-iiivoi 
 rjcrav TrAetov? otKOt avrots t777ret?, ort Kat ol Kabova-LOL 
 
 25 Kat 2aKat rot? 'Acra-vpiois irokeixLot i]crav. ocrov 8^ 
 yjpovov (KaOiC^To 6 Kupos aju,0t rrjv irepl rb (fypovptov 15 
 olKovofxiav, TMv ^ A(Ta-vpL(tiv rav Kara ravra to. yodpia 
 TToAAot [xkv aTtrjyov tTTTTovs, ttoXXoI 8e airicpepov oitXa, 
 (j)oj3ov[M€VOL ijhri TTCiVTas Tovs 7rpoaxwpo'u?r't>^ \ 
 
 H01V the Assyrian King invaded the country of G^datas, and 
 houo Cyrus promised to come to his rescue. 
 
 26 'Ek 8e Tovrov Tipocrkpy^^rai rw K?;pa) 6 FaSaras Kat 
 Aeyet ort rjnovrnv avrdo ayyeXoi w? 6 'AcroT;ptos, eTret 20 
 Try^otro ro Trept rod (Ppovptov, xciAeTrws re iveyKoi. koL f- 
 crucTKeud^otro ws e}xj3aXoiv ets rrjy eavrou \(i>pav. kav 
 ovv u(pr}s fJ^e, S> Kupe, ra retx'? "^ Tretpa^etTji' otatrwo-at, * 
 
 27 rwv 8' aXXu)v /xetcoy Xdyos. Kat 6 Kvpos eiTrey, 'Edy 
 ovv tTjs, TTore ecret otKot ; koi 6 ra8dras etire^', Ets rpt- 25 
 TTjy SetTTVTjcTft) €V T^ i]\xiTipa. 'H Kat tov ^Acravptov, 
 e(j)ri, otet CKCt t/8tj KaraXxplr^a-dai ; ES /i>tey ovy, e0rj, 
 
 28 otoa" cTTrewei yap ecos ert Trpocrco 8oKets a-neivai. 'Eyw
 
 6o " . XENOPHON, Jr^ 
 
 6', 1^7] 6 KCpo?, TTOo-ratos ay rw orTpaTdvixaTi eKacre 
 a(f)iKoiixi]v ; irpus tovto 8rj 6 FaSaras Aeyet, FIoAi/ 7/8?], 
 
 5 beaiTOTa, ^X^iS rd (TTpaTevixa kol ovk hv hvvaio \x(.lov 
 ri kv 1^ ?) k-nra i]\xipai^ kXQfiv irpos Tr]V qxr^v oiK-qcriv. 
 
 5 2u pXv TOLVVV, €(f)-q 6 Kvpos, a-Kidi ws raxt<^7-a- eyo) 8' 
 0)? ay hvvaTov y TTopevaoixaL. 6 p-ev 8?; TaSara? w'xero- 29 
 
 6 8e Kvpos a-vveKaXeae -navras rovs ap^ovTas rS>v avp.- 
 fxdxo^V KOL 7/8?? TToAAoi T€ iboKOVv KOL KaXol KayaQol 
 TiapeivaC Iv oh 87; Xeyet 6 Kijpo? rawra. 
 
 How CyrKJ addressed his officers , and persuaded them not to 
 abandon one <who had done them so great a service. 
 
 10 "AySpes (rvp.ixaxoL, Tabaras hiiirpa^ev h 8oKet -nan-iv 30 
 ijpA.v -noXXov a^ia etvat, koL ravra irplv /cat onovv v(f)' 
 r]p.G>v ayadov TtaOelv. vvv hi 6 'Aaavpios ei? rrjy x'^P"^ 
 avTov ep.l3a\€iv ayyiXXerai,, brjXov otl ap.a [ikv TLp,a)- 
 pela-dat avrov l3ovX6p.€Vos, otl boK€t vtt' avrov \xeyaXa 
 
 15 /3e/3Xa^0af ap.a 6e icrcos KciKeivo (vvoeirai «? ei 01 p.ev 
 ■npos i]p.as a(j)L(7rdpievoi p.r]b\v^ vtt' kKeivov KaKov iida-ov- 
 rai, 01 8e avv €KeCv(o ovtcs v(f)' rjpLwv aTtoXovvTaL, otl 
 Tova ovbiva cIkos (tvv avT<^ liovX-qma-Oai etvai. vvv 31 
 ovv, S dvbpes, KaXov tl ay jjlol boKovp.€v iroirja-aL, et 
 
 20 Trpodvixois rabdra ^o-qdrjcrmp-^v dvbpl evepyiTr}- koL &p.a 
 bUaia TTOLolpi.cv hv x«P'^ d7ro8t8oVres* dXXa jxi^v koI 
 (TvpL^opd y dv, m efxol boKel, TTpd^aip-ev i)iuv avrols. 
 et yap -nacn (f)aLVoip.€6a tovs fxev KaKm iroiovvTas vikclv 32 
 77€ip(ap.evoL KaK&s TTOiovvres, tovs 8' cvepyeTovvTas dya- 
 
 35 doli vTTep^aXX6p.€voi, ei/cos e/c tmv tolovtmv <})tXovs p.ev 
 TToXXovs T]pA.v l3ovX€(rOaL yCyveaOai, ex^pbv bl p.r]bha 
 ^TtiQvjxdv elvai- et 8e dp.eXi](TaL bo^aqxev TabdTov, -npos 33 
 tS)v OeStv TTOLOLi Xoyois ^v aXXov -ndOoiixiv xapiC^crOai
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. ill 6 1 
 
 TL rjfXLv ; TTws 8' av TokiJLi2ij.ev 7]fj.as avrovs eiraLvdv ; 
 TTcSs 8' av avTijiXi\\rai Tts t]iiG>v hvvaao Tahdrq, el 
 r]TT(^IJL€6^ avTov €v iroLovvTos TocrovToc 6vT€S kvos avbpos 
 34 /cat TovTov ovtoo hiaK^nxivov ; 6 }jkv ojj'rojs ditev^l he 
 navres layypGiS arvveirijvovv ravra TiOieiv^.--^ ^ — ■ 5 
 
 General order of Cyrus for the regulation of the march. 
 
 I 'Ayere tolvvv, e(f)r], eiret kol v[ja.v (rvvhoKel ravra, eiTi. 
 ■ ixev Tois vTTO^vytoLS koI oxiy/^acn KaTokLirctiixev eKaa-Toi 
 
 35 Tovs fxer avratv eTTLn^beLOTaTovs iropevecrdai. TcojSpvas 
 8' ijixlv apxeru) avTcov koI rjyeicrOoi avTols' Koi yap obSiv 
 ep-ireipos Ka\ raXXa Uavos' ^/txei? 8', e^Tj, kol 'lttttols toIs lo 
 bwaTcoTaTot^ Kal avhpacrL TTOpev(op.eda, ra7rtT?j8eta rpiGiv 
 r^jxepGiv kafiovres' ocra 8' av Kov^oTepov av(rKevacr(a- 
 jj-eda Kal evrekearepov, toctovtu) rjbiov ras eTnovaas 
 7]p.epas apicrTri(Top.ev re kol bet.7rvi](T0fJ.ev Kal Kadevbrjcro- 
 
 36 fJ-ev. vvv 8', e<pri, TTopevcip-eOa &be' Trpuirov fxev aye mj, 15 
 "KpvcravTa, tovs doopaKO(f)6povs, iirel ojuaXrj re /cat TrAa- 
 reia tj obos ecrrt, tovs Ta^tdpxovs Ix^^^ ^v fxeTionca 
 iravTas' r} be tol^ls eKaaTX] e0' evos trco' ddpooi yap 
 ovTes Kal Tayji.(TTa koX dcr^aXeorara Ttopevoip-ed av. 
 
 37 TOVTOV 8' eveKa, e(})r], KeXevoo tovs 6(i)paKO(})6povs rjyel-. 20 
 crdaL oTL TOVTO (BapVTaTov ecrrt tov crTpaTevp.aTos' tov 
 8e (iapvTCLTOv r]yovp.evov avdyKi] pabtcas eTrecr^at iravTa 
 TO. dcLTTOv iovTa' oTttv be to to-X'-O'Tov i]yi]TaL ev vvktl, 
 ovbev ecrrt davjxacrTov Kal bLacnraaOai tol aTpaTevpaTa' 
 TO yap TTpOTaxOev duTobLOpda-Ket. eirl be tovtols, ecfirj, 25 
 'ApTd(3a(os rovs Ylepacav TreAracrras Kal To^oTas dye'rco* 
 
 38 eTTt 8e TOVTOLS ^Avbapvas 6 M?58os to M7]8cov ireCov' em 
 8e TOVTOLS "EjjLJBas to ^App-evioiv ire^ov' eirl be tovtols
 
 6a XENOPHON, 
 
 Aprovx^as 'TpKavCovs' iirl be tovtols Qafx^pAbas to 
 2aK(oy Tte^ov' CTTt be tovtols Aardfxas KabovcrCovs. ayov- 39 
 Tcov be Kol ovToi, iravres ev ju,erco7rw \xev tovs ra^tcip)(ovs 
 exovres, be^Lovs be rows TreAracrras, apLo-repovs be tovs 
 5 TO^OTas Tov kavT&v irXaLaLov' ovtco yap TTopevop-evot /cat 
 ev^p-qcTTOTepot yiyvovTai. kill he tovtols ol aKevo(f)6poL, 40 
 €(})r], TTavTOiv eTTecr6(ov' ol be ap)(jovTes avTwv €7rt/xeAe- 
 (rdoov oTTft)? avvea-Kevaa-pLevoL re wcrt TrdvTa irplv Kadev- 
 beiv Kol TTpM avv rots crKevea-L iiapSxriv els tt]v TeTay\xe- 
 
 lo vriv yjiapav koX ottoos Koo-/^tcos CTrcovrat. eirl be rots 41 
 (TK.evo(^6poLS, e(})ri, tovs Tiepcras LTnreas MabaTas 6 Hep- 
 a"qs dyeToy, ex^v koX ovtos tovs eKaTOVTap^ovs tG>v 
 LTTiTeaiv ev /AerwTro)" 6 6' eKaTovTapyos ttjv tcl^iv dyero) 
 ets eva, Socnrep ol ire^apyoi. IttI rovrois ^Pap-jSaKas 6 42 
 
 15 Mt/Sos ataavTMS tovs eavTov iTnreas' errl tovtols (tv, S) 
 TiypdvT], TO (reavTov Ittttlkov' koL ol dWoc be tiTTTapxoL 
 p.e9 (av eKacTTOL dcpLKOVTo Trpbs rjp-ds. ewt be tovtols 
 SoKat dyeTe' eayaxoi be, Sxynep ^]X.dov, KabovaLOL lov- 
 TU)V' AXnevva, aij be 6 dycou avTovs eiTLpieXov to vvv 
 
 20 etvat TtuvTcnv rwy oTTLcrdev koX p.i]beva ea va-Tepov t&v 
 (T&v limeoiv yiyvecrdaL. eTTtpeXeade be tov (JLcaTrfj tio- 43 
 pevecrOaL ot re dp^ovTes kox irdvTes be ol aoLX^povovvTes' 
 8ta yap twv wtcov ev rrj vvktI dvdyKi] p.d\kov 7) 8td 
 T(av 6(J)6aXp.u)V eKaaTa Kal alaOdvecrdaL /cat TvpaTTeaOaL' 
 
 25 /cat TO TapayOrivaL be ev tj) vvktl Tiokv /xet^o'y eo^rt 
 7Tpdyp.a rj ev Trj yp.epa Kal bvcrKaTaa-TaTooTepov' ov eveKa 
 i] re (TLOi-ni] d(TKi]Tea Kal rj Td^LS (pvXaKTea. tcls be 44 
 iWKTepLvds (PvXaKds, oTav p.ekkr]Te vvktos dvaaTT^creadai, 
 Xpr] b)s ^paxyTdTas kol TrAetcrras TTOLeladaL, ws firjbeva 
 
 30 7j ev Trj (fivXaKjj dypvnvia TToXkri ovcra Xvp.aivriTaL ev Trj 
 iropeia' ijviKa 8' av atpa ?] TtopeveaOaL, (Tr\p.aveZ T<a Ke-
 
 CVROPAEDIA, V. iii. 6^ 
 
 45 part, vjj.e'is 8' ^xovres a bel eKaaroL Trdpeo-re eh ti]v 
 eTTi BafivXcava obov' 6 8' 6/j//,c«j/xei'os dei rw Kar' oipav 
 irapeyyvcLTOi} 'inecrOai. 
 
 A good general should knowj his officers by name. 
 
 46 'E/c TOVTov 8i) (^^ovTO €771 Tos (TKrjvas Kot o-ixa aiTiovTes 
 bieXeyovTO irpos aXki^Xovs w? ixvrifj.oviK(os 6 Kvpos otto- 5 
 
 47 fot? crureVarre TraaLV 6vop.d^<x)V eyereA.A.ero. 8e KCpo? 
 eTTip-eXeLO. TOVTO eTTOtef Trayu yap avT(2 iboKei Oavp-aaTov 
 elvat el ol p.ev jSdvavcroL icracrt Ti]S eavTov Teyvr]s eKacr- 
 Tos tSiv epyakei(ov to. dv6p.aTa, kol 6 iarpos he otbe koL 
 Tu>v opyavoiv Kai rOiv (papp.aKa>v ols XpTJrat ttclvtcov to. 10 
 6v6p.aTa, 6 be aTparrjybs ovrcos rjXiOios ecrotro uxrre ovk 
 eta-QLTo T(av vcf) eavrw rjyep.6v(ov to, ovop-ara, ols dvaynr] 
 earlv avrcS opydvoLS ^pricrOai, koX orav KaTaXajBelv tl 
 jSovXrjTai Kai orav (^vXd^ai koX orav 6appvvai koX orav 
 c^o^rjaai' km Ttp.fjaaL be oiroTe tlvo. [Bo'vXolto, TTpeirov 15 
 
 48 avT(2 eboKeL etvai dvopacrTl Trpoa-ayopeveiv. eboKovv 8' 
 avT(^ oi ytyvdaKecrOaL boKOvvres vtto tov dpyjavTos koX 
 Tov KaXov TL TtOLOvvTes opaaOat ixaWov opeyecrOai, koI 
 tov alayjpov rt Tioielv p.a\kov TtpoOvp-eldOai direxecrdaL. 
 
 49 i]XiOLov be KoX TovT eboKei elvat avTu> to OTrore rt /3ov- 20 
 koLTo -npaxdrivai, ovtu) irpoa-TaTTeiv uxnrep kv ot/co) evioi 
 becmoTai TrpoaTUTTOvaiv, "Itco tls e^' vbcop, Bvka rt? 
 
 50 cr)(to-arco' ovTUi yap TaTTop-ivcov eh dkki]kovs re opdv 
 TTavTes eboKovv avT(^ kol ovbels TrepaLveiv to irpoaTayOev 
 Kai -navTes ev atrta elvat Ka\ ovbels ttj aiTia ovTe alcryv- 25 
 vea-Qai ovTe ^oftelcrOai opoLcas 8ia to crvv TTokkoh aiTiav 
 kxeiv' bia TavTa brj TrdvTas oiVQp.a^ev avTos oToy tl 
 Trpoordrrot.
 
 54 XENOPHON, 
 
 With ivhat care Cyrus superintended the execution of his orders. 
 
 Kat Kvpos fikv br] irepl tovtchv ovtms iyCyvuxTKcV ol 51 
 8e (TTpaTL&Tai, Tore jxev benrvria-avTei koL (f)vXaKas nara- 
 (TTrjcrafxevoi kuI a-va-KevacrdixevoL iravra h e8ei ^KOi}j.ri~ 
 Orjcrav. rjvUa 8' rjv kv jxicrca vvktcov, icrrnxrive T<a Kipan. 52 
 5 Kvpos 8' eiTj-wi; rw XpvcravTq. otl k-nX ry 68a) vTiop.^voir\ 
 iv TM TTpocrOev rod (TTpaTevixaros eirja KajSoiv tovs aixcf)' 
 avTov VTT7]piTas' jipax^fi 8e XP^^^ varepov Xpva-avTas 
 iraprjv ayujv tovs dcopuKOcpopovs. tovtco juey 6 Kvpos 53 
 hovs rjyeixovas rrjs obov TTopevecrdaL eKek^vev rjavxo^s' 
 
 lo ov yap 770) iv 68a) TTavres rjaav' avrbs 8e earr^KO)? iv 
 Tjj 68a) roy fxev irpoa-iovTa TTpovir^pLireTO kv rd^et, e-Trt be 
 Tov varepiCovTa cTre/xTre KaXoiv. eirel be -navTes kv 68a) 54 
 Tjcrav, TTpos p-ev Xpva-dvrav linrias €T7€p\}/ev epovvras 
 OTL kv 68a) Tjby] TTavTes' dye ovv ijbr] Oolttov. ovtos be 55 
 
 15 irapeXavvoiv tov Xttttov els to TipoaOev rjcrv^os KaTeOeaTO 
 Tas Tageis. koL ovs fxev tboL evTUKTcos kol (TLOoirrj lovTas, 
 TTpocreXavvcov avTo'is TLves re elev r]p(aTa /cat ei:e\ ttvOolto 
 eirrjvei' el be Ttvas dopvj3oviJ.evovs aladoiTo, to oltiov 
 TovTov cTKOTT&v KaTatTJievvvvaL T-qv Tapayj]V eneipaTo. 
 
 Honv scouts nvere sent in advance, and hoiv the dispositions for 
 the day differed from those for the night. 
 
 20 *Ey jxovov Tiapakekei'nTai ttjs ev vvk.ti e7np.eXetas 56 
 avTov, OTL irpo iravTos tov (TTpaTevp.aTos iie^ovs evC<^vovs 
 ov TToWovs TTpovTrepLirev, e(pop(x)p.evovs vtto Xpva-dvTa kol 
 e(f)op(avTas avTov, ws wraKOUorowres kol eX ttios ctAAo)? 
 bvvaivTo aladdveadai (rr]p.aivotev rw XpvcrdvTa 6,tl Kaipos 
 
 25 hoKoir\ elvac dpyu>v be koX enl tovtols ■^v os kol tovtovs
 
 CVROPAEDIA, V. iv. 6^ 
 
 (Koa-jxet, Kol TO ix€v cL^iov \6yov iarjixaive, to be [xi] ovk 
 
 57 '^v(o)(\€i, \eycov- T'i]v yikv 8?j vvKTa oi/Vco? eiropevovTO' 
 eTTet 8e rjixepa iyeveTo, tovs fxev Kabova-icov iTnreas, otl 
 avT(i>v KoX ot Tre^ot eiropevovTo (.a^aToi, irapa totjtols 
 KareAiTrer, ws p.rjb' ovtol \j/iXol iTTTrioov XouV tovs 8' 5 
 aWovs ets to irpocrOev Trapekauvetv eKeAevcrev, oti kol 
 oi TioXip.LOL iv T(2 irpocrOev -qcrav, ottcos ei tI ttov kvav- 
 TLoiTO avT(^, aiTavT(Lr\ eyjMV ti]v la^vv iv rd^et kol \ia- 
 \oiTo, ei re rt ttov (f)evyov ocpOeLrj, ois e^ kTOipiOTdTOV 
 
 58 StcDKot. 7/(ray 8e avrw del TeTayp.evoi ovs re StcoKeti' 8eot 10 
 Kat oi/s Trap' avTM fxiveiv' Traaav 8e rrji; tol^lv \v6i]vaL 
 
 59 oi/SeTTore eta. Kupos juey 8r) oi/rcos ?7ye to crrpaTevpLa' 
 ov p.€VTOL avTos ye p.La x^pa ixprJTO, dAA' dXXore dAAa^r; 
 •nepLeKavvdiv e^ewpa re Kat kirefj-iXeTo, et tou 8e'oiz^ro. 
 
 01 /xey 8^ dfi^i KOpoi' ovTCifi iiropivovTO. 15 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Hoiv an officer of Gadatas undertook to betray his master 
 to the Assyrians. 
 
 1 Ek 8e Tov FaSdrou I'n'niKov t&v bvvaT&v rts avbp5>v 
 eiret ewpa avTov acj^eaT-qKOTa airb tov ^Aaa-vpiov, ivo- 
 fXLaev, et rt oiItos TrddoL, avTos av XajSelv ttapa tov 'Ao-- 
 crvpLov TiavTa to. ra8drou* oiVco 87/ Tre'/XTret rtz'd rwy 
 eaurou ■ni.a'T&v Trpos tov Acravpiov kol fceAewet roy iovra, 20 
 ei KaTakdjSoL Tjbrj iv rfj Tabdrov x^P^ ^o 'Ao-o-y/stoi' crTpd- 
 revfxa, \iyeLV tw 'Ao-o-uptw otl et [SovXolto ivebpevcrai, 
 
 2 XdftoL av TabdTav koX tovs (tvv avT<a. brjXovv be iveTeXXeTO 
 oarjv Te etxey 6 FaSdras bvva\xiv koX otl KCpos ov avvei-' 
 
 F
 
 66 
 
 XENOPHON, 
 
 ireTo uiitlZ' kol Tr]v ohbv eb/jKcDo-ev fj iipocrUvai \xiXXoi. 
 TTpoo-eTTeo-TetAe he roh avTov ot/cerats, ws TricrreiJotro 
 IxaXXov, Kol TO reixos 6 hvyxavev avros e'xcoy ev rfj 
 TahaTov x^P'} "^apabovvat tco 'Acro-upto) kol to, evovra' 
 5 ijietv be Kal avTos e({)a(TKev, el fxev bvvairo, airoKTeLvas 
 TabaTuv, d be jj./], ws crvv rw 'Aa-crvpifo to Aoittoj; ecro- 
 ixevos. e-TTel be 6 eirl TavTa TaxdeU ekavvcov w? bwa- 3 
 Tov rjv raxiora CK^iiKvelTai -npbs tov 'Aacrupiov Kol 
 ebr]X(ti(rev e0' a ijKOi, aKovaas eKelvos to re \(apiov evOvs 
 10 -napeXajie kol 'noXX7]v Itstiov ex<^v koX apiiaTa evi]bpevev 
 ev KcapLats adpoats. 
 
 Hoiv Gadatasfell hito the trap., hut <ivas sa-ved by the 
 timely arrival of Cyrus. 
 
 O be FabaTUs ws eyyvs iji* tovtuiv tQ>v ku>ix(ov, Tiefnrei 4 
 Tivas ■npobiepevvTricTop.evovs. 6 he 'Acravpcos ws eyvoi 
 TTpocTLovTas Tovs biepevvr]Tas, ^evyeiv KeXevei app.aTa 
 
 i^e^avacTTavTa bvo rj Tpia kul t-nirovs oXiyovs ?;8?7, ws 8r) 
 (jioftrjdevTas Kal oXtyovs ovTas. ol be -npobiepevvriToX ws 
 elbov TavTa, avToi re ebiooKov koX ru TabaTa KaTeaeioV 
 KoX OS e^aTTttTrjOels StwKei ava KpaTos. ol be ^Aa-avpioi, 
 (as eboKei, aXdcripos elvat 6 FabaTas, avLcrTavTai e/c riyy 
 
 20 evebpas. kol ol ixev ap.(f)l TahuTav IbovTes uxrirep etKos 5 
 e^evyov, ol b av docnrep etKos ebiCtiKOv. /cat ev TovTia 
 
 einf3ovXevo)v rw TabaTa iraUt avTov, Kal Kaipias [xev 
 7TXriyf]s ajxapTCLvei, TVTTTei be avTov eh tov S)p.ov Kal 
 TLTpojcTKeL. TTOiTjaas be tovto e^tVrarat, ecos crvv Tolls 
 
 25 bi(oKov(TLV eyeveTo' eTiel 8' eyvcocrdi] bs -^v, 6p.ov br) crvv 
 Tols AaavpioLS 7Tpo6vpu)s eKTetvcov tov lttttov avv rw 
 ftacTiXel ebicxiKev. evTavda br\ i^Xlo-kovto p,ev bfjXov otl q 
 
 01 jBpabvTdTovs e^ovTes tovs 'Ittttovs vtto tS>v Tax^crToov'
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. iv. ' 6y 
 
 7]bri 8e ixdXa iravTes ttl^C^ix^vol hia to KaraTeTpvcrOai 
 VTTO rrjs iropeias ol tov Tabdrov iTTTrets KaOopQcn tov 
 Kvpov irpocnovTa <rvv rw o-TpaTevp-aTt,' boKelv he xprj 
 d(Tp.€vovs KoL ojo-Trep eh \ip.eva yetp-Sivo^ 7Tpo(r(f)epe(r9aL 
 
 7 avTovs- 6 be Kvpos to (lev irpwTov edavp-acrev' ws 8' 5 
 eyvM TO TTpaypa, ecas TrdvTes evavTtoL {jkavvov, evavTios 
 KoL avTos €v TCL^ei, ^ye ttjv aTpaTtdv' ws 8e yvovTes ol 
 TToAe/xtoi TO ov eTpcLTTovTo els (jivyrjv, evTavOa 6 Kvpos 
 bccaKetv eKeXevae tovs Trpbs tovto TeTayp,evovs, avTos be 
 
 8 avv Tols d\koLS e'iTTeTO o)? wero (rvp.(f)epeiv- evravOa 10 
 br] KOL dpp.aTa ?/AtcrKero, evta p.ev koX eKirnTTOVTOiv tQ>v 
 r]vi.6\(av, TQiv p.ev ev ttj dvacrTpocpfj, t5)V be /cat aAAcos, 
 evLa be koX iTepLTep.v6p.eva vtto t5)v I'mrecDV i]\i(TKeT0. 
 Ktti duoKTeCvovcn be dXkovs re ttoXXovs koX tov iraia-avTa 
 
 9 TabaTav. to^v p.evToi ire^cav ^Aa-avpicov, ot eTV\ov to 15 
 TaboLTov \(i)piov TioXiopKovvTes, ol p.ev eh to Tel^os 
 KaTe(f}vyov to airb FabaTov d-noa-Tav, ol be (fyOda-avTes 
 eh TToXiv TLvd tov ^ Acravpiov p.eyd\r]v, evQa KaX avTos 
 avv Tols LTTTTOLS KOI Tols app-acTi, KaTe(pvyev 6 ^A(ravpt.os. 
 
 The gratitude of Gadatas to his de/i-verer, and the 
 modesty of Cyrus. 
 
 10 KCpo? pkv br] btatrpa^dpLevos TavTa eirava-yoipel eh 20 
 TTji; YabaTOV ^dpav' Kol irpoaTd^as oh ebei dp,(})l rd 
 alxp-dXa^Ta e^eiv, evOvs eiropeveTo, ws eTTiaKexj/aLTo tov 
 TabdTav ttw? e'xot eK tov Tpavp.aTos- 7ropevop.ev(o be 
 avT(a 6 TabdTas eiribebep-evos ijbr] to Tpavp.a diravTa. 
 Iboov be avTov b Kvpos ijaOi] re kol elirev, 'Eyw be irpos 25 
 
 11 (T€ rja e-ma-Kexj/op-evos ottojs e'xet?. 'Eyo) be y, ecjirj 6 
 TabdTas, val p.d tovs Oeovs ere e'navaOeaaop.evos rja 
 OTiolos Th TTore (jmivei ibelv 6 ToiavTt^v \j/v)(jiiv e)(^(i)v' 
 
 F 2
 
 68 XENOPHON. 
 
 ocrrt? ovT olba eycoye o,tl vvv e/xou Seo/^ieroy ovre ixrjv 
 VTToa-yjoiiiVO'S ye /xot raOra TTpd^etv ovre eS TrcTrov^wy 
 VTT ejjiov ei9 ye ro 'tbtov ovh^ otiovv, dAX' ort tovs <f)iXovs 
 ebo^d croL tl ovrjcrat,, ovtoj jjlol irpoOvixuts e^o-qO-qaas &>S 
 
 5 vvv TO ixev k'n ky.ol ot)(Oju.at, ro 8' k-nX (toX (reaoicrixat. 
 ov fxa TOVS deovs, el rjv olos ecpvv e^ dpxrjs KaX eiratbo- 12 
 '7T0Lri(TdiJLi]V, ovK oi8' hv et eKTri(rd[ir]v iraiha toiovtov 
 irepX Ijixe' eTret akXovs re olba TratSas kuX tovtov tov 
 vvv ^ K<T(Tvpiutv ^aaikia ttoXv irAeio) ■qbrj tov eavTov 
 
 lo TTaTepa dvidaavTa rj ere bvvaTat dvLav. KaX 6 Kvpos 13 
 Trpos raura eiTrey <58e* 'H FaSara, ^ ttoXv ^ei^ov TrapeXs 
 6avp.a ejue vvv davp-dCecs. KaX tl br] tovt eaTLV ; t<\>i\ 
 6 TabaTas. "Otl TocrovTOt p-ev, ((prj, Ylepa&v ecrirov- 
 bacrav TrepX (re, ToaovTOL be MtjScoz;, toctovtol be 'Tp- 
 
 15 Kaviuiv, irdvTes be ol irapovTes ' Appevicav KaX 21a/ccSi' KaX 
 Kabov(TLOi)v. KaX 6 TabaTas eTrrjv^aro, 'AAA.', a> Zeu, e(f)ri, 14 
 Kol TOVTOLS TTo'AA' dyado, bolev ol deoi, koX TrAetcrra rw 
 airtfa) roC Kal rowous tolovtovs eXvai. oircas p.evT0L ovs 
 eTratvei? tovtovs, 00 Kvpe, ^evicrcapev KaXws, Se'^ov Tabe 
 
 20 ^ivLa ola eyw bvvap.ai. dp.a be Trporjye irdp-TTokka, ajcrre 
 Kat ^yety TOV l3ovX6p.evov KaX ^evi^eaQai irdv to aTpd- 
 Tevpa a^tcos rwj; KaAcSs TTeiroLrjiMevcov kol koAws (tu/x- 
 (BdvToiV. ^^ 
 
 The Cadusians attempt a stroke on their onvn account, 
 and meet 'with a defeat. 
 
 *0 be KaSoucrio? o)'7n(r6o(f)vkdKeL KaX ov p.eTea^e ttjs 15 
 
 25 5tw^ea)S* ftovk6p.evos be KaX avTos kap.-npov tl TTOirja-ai, 
 
 ovTe dvaKOivMcrdjxevos ovTe eliriov ovbev Kvpo) KaTaOeZ 
 
 TrjV irpos BajBvk&va \o)pav. Oiea-'napp.evois be toIs itt- 
 
 TTOts avTov diTLiDV 6 'A(7(rijpi,os eK Ti]s eavTov TTokeuiS,
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. iv. 69 
 
 ol KaT((f)vy€, crvvTvyxo-vei ixdXa (rvvT€Tayixivov e)(<wy to 
 
 16 kavTov arpdTevjxa. ws 8' eyvoo fxovovs ovras tovs Kahov- 
 aiovs, (TTLTLOeTai, kol tov re dpyjovra T(av Kabova-Cuiv 
 cLTTOKTeCvei KOL dWovs TToWovs, KOL tTTTTovs Tivas Xajx- 
 ^dvei Tutv KabovaLMv Koi rjv ayovT€S Xetav eTvyyavov 5 
 CLipaipelTat. koi 6 jxev ^ Aacrvpios hica^as dxpt ov dcr- 
 (j)a\€s (oero eiz^at a'n'erpaTrero* ol 8e Kahovaiot €a(o(ovTo 
 
 17 TTpos TO (TTpaTomhov djxcfil b€L\i]v ol irpooTOL. Kvpos 8e 
 b>s "^(tO^to to yeyovos, aiir]VTa re rots Ka8ov(rtots koX 
 ovTLva iboi T€Tp(op.4vov avakap.fidv(jov tovtov fxkv ws Fa- 10 
 baTav eTre/XTrev, oircas depairevoLTO, tovs 8' dKkovs crvy- 
 KaTea-KTfvov kol ottoos TainTribeia e^oucrt aui'eTreju.e'A.ero, 
 TrapaXap.^dvodv Yiepa-iav Tcav dpLOTip-cav (ryyeTTt/xeArjrds* 
 
 18 €V yap Tols TOLOVTOLS ol dyadol kiTi-noveiv kOiXovcri. koX 
 avi(a[X€vos fxivTot l(T^vpS>s brjXos rjv, ws Koi tmv aXXoiv 15 
 htiTtvovvToov, i]VLKa &pa i]v, KCpoj ert crvv toIs vTT-qpeTais 
 Kal rot? laTpols ovbiva exwi' dTi^fxiXrjTOv irapeXetTrev, 
 dA\' 7] avTOTTTTjs e^ecopa 7/ et /x?) avTos i^avvTot, itiii-now 
 <j)avipbs ^v TOVS OepanevaovTas. 
 
 What lessons in the art of nvar Cyrus dreiv from 
 this mishap. 
 
 19 Kat TOTe jxev ovto)s €K0tp.ridr](rav. ajxa be Trj i]\xipa 20 
 KTjpv^as (TVVuvaL toUv juey dXXcov tovs ap^ovTas, tovs 8e 
 KaSouo-tous airavTas, e'Ae^e rotaSe. 
 
 "Avbpes (rup.p.a)(oi, dvOpcairivov to yeyevrjfjLevov' to yap 
 afxapTOLveiv avOpoJirovs ovTas ovbev olfxai, Qavp-acrrov. 
 d^Loi ye ixevTot ea-jxev tov yeyevr][xivov 'npdyp.aTos tovtov 25 
 OTToXaCcrat rt ctyaOov, to p.aOuv p.i]7roT€ biacnrav avro 
 TOV oXov bvvapAv daOevea-ripav ttjs to)v TToXeixLcov bvvd-
 
 70 XENOPHON, 
 
 fxecos. Kol ov TOVTO, i^l>ri, Aeyo) ws ov Set Trore koX 20 
 kXaTTOVi en ixop'usi Uvai, oirov &v beri, rj vvv o Ka8ov- 
 (Tto? <a)((To' dAA' eai/ Tt9 KOivoTjfxevos opjxaTai rw tKai'Cj) 
 ^or]97i(raL, tcTTL {J^ev a-naTriOrjvai, eVrt oe rw VTTOfx^vovTL 
 5 efaTTarvjoraiTt Tois TroAe/xiov? aAAocre Tpi^\fai anb tSjv 
 e^fkrjXvOoTMV, eVrt 8e ciAAa Tiapiyovra •npayp.ara rois 
 TToAe/xtots rois (f>C\ots ao-^ciAetay irapexctV koI ovtm 
 jxkv ov8' 6 x'«^P'5 ^^ airia-Tai, aW' (^apTijaerai rrjs 
 la")(yos' 6 8e aTT€\r]\vdoi)s p-rj avaKOLV(t)(Tap,cvos ovb^v 
 
 lo 8id</)opoi' •77ao-)(et ?) ei p.6vos ka-TpaT^v^TO. dAA' 01^7421 
 ju.ei' rowrou, e(/)?j, eay 0eos ^e'Arj, ap-vvovpeda tovs TToAe- 
 pCovs ovK els p.aKpav. dAA' eTietSav rdxtcrTa apiarr]- 
 (TTjre, a^co -yfiSs ey^a ro upayp.a eyiviTO' Kal a/xa fxer 
 6d\}fop.€V TOVS TeKevTijaavTas, ap.a be Set^o/xef rois TroAe- 
 
 15 /xiot? €v9a Kparrjaat vojXLCova-tv evravda aWovs avrStv 
 KpcLTTOvs, rjv ^eos OiKyj' koI otto)? ye |u.rj8e ro yjapiov 
 T/Secos bpSxTLV €vda KariKavov r]p.(ov tovs (rvpp,axovs' 
 iav be p.rj dyreTreficoo-t, Kav(Top.ev avT(av tcis K(ap.as kol 
 br]u>(Top€V Tr]v yjapav, iva p.r} a rjpias eTToirjaav 6p(avT€S 
 
 20 (V(f)paLV(DvraL, dAAd to, kavriHv koko deu>p.evoi avifavTai. 
 ot pkv ovv aWoL, e(prj, apLcrTare lovres' vpels 8e, cib 22 
 Kabova-Loi, TrpcaTOV p.ev cnrekOovTes apyjovTa vp,(av avTcav 
 e'Aeo-^e f]TT€p vplv v6p.os, oorts vp-Siv e7rt]ueA?;(re7-at (tvv 
 Tois Oeols Koi (TVV rjpAv, rjv tl TTpoabirjcrOe' eTretSdy 8^ 
 
 25 eXrjo-de kol api(TTr\(TriTe, irip'^aTe Trpos /xe tov alpeOevTa. 
 ol pev 87) TaSr' eirpa^av 6 8e Kupos eire^ f^'lyc^yf to 23 
 (TTpaTevp-a, KaTicrT-qcrev ets rd^ty roy r\pr]p.ivov viro t&v 
 Ka8ouo-tcoi; Kat eKeXevcre ttAtjo-ioi' avrou dyetz; rrjy ra^iv, 
 OTTMS, e(f)r}, av bvv(op.e9a, ava9appvv(i)p.ev tovs avbpas. 
 
 30 OVTOi bl] eTTOpeVOVTO' KOL (XOoVTeS €9aTTT0V piev TOVS 
 
 Kabovdiovs, ebfjovv 8e rrjv \(iipav. TTOiricravTes 8e Tama
 
 CFROPAEDTA, V. iv. 7 1 
 
 CLTTTJXOov TaTTLTT^beLa e/c Tjys TToAe/xtas €^ovt€S ttolKiv ets 
 T^y Faoarov. 
 
 Fow Cyrus mid the King of Assyria agreed that tillers of the 
 soil should not be molested by the rival armies, but that 
 cattle might be driven off as lanvful prize of ivar. 
 
 24 l£,vvorj(Tas 8e ort ol irpos avrbv acfyecrrriKOTes ovt€S 
 TTkrjarLov Ba/3uAc5ros KaKcos netcrovTai, rjv jxi] avrbs ael 
 Trapfj, ovrcos ocrovs re tQv iroXeixicov a(f)UL, tovtovs 5 
 exeAeue Xiy^iv rw 'Ao-crupto), /cat avrbs Ki]pvKa e7re/x\//-e 
 TTpbs avrbv ravTa kiyovra, otl €toi[j.os eirj tovs kpya^o- 
 fxivovs Ti]v yrjv eav kol p.i] abiKelv, el KCLKeu'os jBovXolto 
 kav epya(e(T9aL rovs reap irpos kavrbv cKpecrTrjKOTcav kpya- 
 
 25 Tas. KULTOi, e(f)7], (TV jji^v Tjv KoL hvvrf KOiXveLV, okiyovs 10 
 TLva'5 KOiXvaeis' oXiyr] yap ka-ri xwpa rj twv irpbs ip.€ 
 acpea-TrjKOTOJV' eyw 8e 7toXXi]v av aoi x,(^pav icoijv h'ep- 
 yov eiJ'at. ds 8e ti]v tov Kapirov Kop.ih]v, lav p^kv 
 "TToAe/xos rj, 6 eTrt/cparwy oXpat KapiruxTeTaf kav he elpijvq, 
 brjXov, ecpT], on cru. eav p.evroi tls rj rcav epQv oirXa 15 
 avraiprjTat aol rj rdv crcav ep-oi, tovtovs, ecpri, w? av 
 
 26 hvv(ap.eda eKCLTepot ap.vvovp.e9a. ravra eiiLa-Teika^ rco 
 K-qpvKL eTTepLxf/ev avTov. ol be 'AcroT^ptot ws rJKOvaav 
 ravra, navra eirolovv ireidovres rov jSacnXea crvyy^caprja-ai 
 
 27 ravra koX on p.iKp6rarov tov rroXepov Xn:e1v. Kal 6 20 
 ^Acrcrvptos p-ivroi etre Kal vrrb r5>v 6po(pvX(ov Treta-deh 
 eXre Kal avrbs ovrca IBovXrjOels crvvrjvecre ravra' Kal 
 eyevovro avvdrjKai. rols jxev epya^oiJ-evois elpi'ivrjv elvai, 
 
 28 rois 8' 67rXo(f)6poLs iroXepov. ravra p.ev brj hienerrpaKro 
 Trepl t5>v epyarSiv 6 Kvpos' ras p.evroi vop.as rwv Kri-j- 25 
 vQ>v TOVS pev eavrov (f)iXovs eKeXevae KaraOeadai, el 
 ^ovXoivro, ev rfj eavroiv eTTLKpareCa' ri\v p.evroL tS)V
 
 73 • XENOPHON, 
 
 TToXcju^coy KeCav i]yov oiroOev hvvaivTo, ott(i)9 etJ] rj (rrpa- 
 T€La ijhicov Tols crujujua)(ots. ol }ikv yap Kivhvvoi ol 
 •avToX KoX avev tov Xaixl3dveiv TcnnTrihiia, rj 6' Ik tG>v 
 TToXefxCuiv Tpo(f)r} KOV(j)OTipav T^v crTpaTeiav eSoKci Trapi- 
 
 fVhat gifts Gadatas made to Cyrus, and hoiv he 
 beivailed his cruel fate. 
 
 'ETret 8e TTapecTKevd(€To ijbr) 6 Kvpos ws din(ov, Traprjv 29 
 6 FabciTas aWa re hwpa itoXXa koX TravTola (j)epa)v koL 
 ayoov 0)? &v i^ oXkov p-eyaXov, kol 'imrovs he rp/e ttoX- 
 Xovs d(})ek6iJ.€V09 Twv eavTov iTTirioov ols ri7n(TTi]Kei bia 
 
 lo Ty]v iTnjBovXrjv. u)S 8' eTTkrjcriacrev, eAe^e Toidbe. 'i2 30 
 Kvpe, vvv p-iv (rot eyw ravra bib(i)p,L kv tQ irapovTL, Koi 
 XpS) avTols, lav hir\ tl' vopui^^ 6', e^rj, koi ToXka TTavra 
 TapLo. aa elvai. ovre yap eorty ovt iarai Tiore OTCd eyo) 
 a-n ipLOv (pvvri KaTaXelyj/u) tov kp-bv oTkoV dAA' avdyKrj, 
 
 15 ecprj, (Tvv e/xot reAeuroiiTt ttclv dTToafiiivai to rjp^eTepov 
 yevos Kal ovopa. Kal Tavra, e(f)r], o) Kvpe, op.vvp.i croi 31 
 Oeovs, 06 Kal opSxri irdvTa Kal aKOVovcrt iravTa, ovt€ 
 abiKOv OVT al(r\pbv ovbev ovt cittwi' ovtc TTOtrjcras kira- 
 60V. Kal apa TavTa Xeycav KaTcbdKpvae t-))v kavTov rv- 
 
 20 •)(r]v Kal ovKSTi ibvvrjOr] TrAe^o) eiTretv. 
 
 He is no longer safe in bis cwn country. 
 
 Kat 6 YJupos aKovcras tov /xey Trddovs w/creipey avTov, 32 
 eAe^e 8e c58e. 'AAAa tovs p.ev tTnrovs 8exoju.ai, e(f)r}' ore 
 re yap uxpeXrja-a) evvova-Tepots bovs avTovs rj vvv <roi. 
 etx^ov, as €OLK€v, iyca re ov br] TrdAat eTrt^u/xw, to Tlep- 
 25 (tZv Ittttlkov dcLTTOV iKTTkrjpcixro) ets Tovs p-vpiovs ITTTTea?* 
 TO. 8' aAAa \pr\paTa av dirayayoyv (jwXaTTe, ear av e/x^ 
 tS^s liyovTa a>(rre crov p-ij rjTTacrdaL avTibo>povp.evov' f.1
 
 CVROPAEDIA, V. iv. 73 
 
 be irXeito fxoi bibovs olttlols rj Aa/x/Bayot? Trap' e/xou, jia 
 Tovs deovs ovK ot8' ottcos av hvvaiiir]v /xr) atcr^wecr^at. 
 
 33 Trpos TavTa 6 Tabdras etnev, 'AAAa raCra fxeV, e^rj, 
 TTLaTevM aoL' 6pG> yap crov tov rpoirov' (^vXarreiv jxer- 
 
 34 rot opa el eTTtrTjSeios etjut. eco? /xey yap (pCXoi rjixev tw 5 
 'Ao-o-upiM, KaXXtorrj eSoKei etvat // roB e/^iou Ttarpos 
 KTrjats' rijs yap jxeyLo-Trjs Ttokeoos Ba/SuAwros eyyu? 
 ovaa 6(ra fxkv 0}(f)e)^€lcr9at eaTLV airb ixeydXrjs TroAeco?, 
 TavTa direXavop.ev, ocra be evo^kelcrOai, OLKabe bevp 
 aiTiovTes TovTCtiv eKT7ob(j}v rjixev vvv 8' eireX e)(dpoi eaixev, 10 
 bijXov oTi eireibdv crv aTreA^rjs, Ka\ avrol em^ovXevcro- 
 [leBa KoX b oXkos oAos, koI ot/xat Xvmqpd^ ^Luxrop-eda 
 oXcos TOVS e^dpovs Kal ttXtjctlov e^ovTes K.al KpeiTTOvs 
 
 35 ^]p.Siv avTUiv 6pS)VTes. rdx ovv e'iTTOL tls dv' ri brjra 
 ov)(^ ovrois evevoov irplv cmodTrjvat ; on, cb Kvpe, ?/ 15 
 "^vx/i jJLOv bid TO v(3pia0aL Kal opytCecrdai ov to da^aXe- 
 (TTaTov (TKOTTOV(ra biijyev, dAA' del tovto Kvovaa, apa 
 TTOTe ecTTaL aTroTLcraa-OaL tov koI deols e^Opov Kai dvOpo)- 
 ■77019, OS btaTeXel fjLia&v, ovk riv tCs tl avTov aStK^, aAA 
 
 36 edv TLva viroTTTeva-ri (ieXTiova eavTov elvai. TOiyapovv 20 
 oTjuat avTos Trovr]pbs (ov 'ndcri TTOvrjpoTepots eavTov avp.- 
 Ixd^oLS xpria-eTai. edv be tls dpa Kal ^eXTicov avTov 
 (t)avfj, ddppei, e(})ri, co Kvpe, ovbev ere berjcreL tco dyadia 
 dvbpl ixd^ecrOai, dXX^ eKelvos rovro) dpKeaei jxrjx^avca- 
 fievos, eo)s dv eXr] tov eavTov jSeXTLova. tov p.evToi 25 
 kp-e dvidv Kal (tvv irovqpo'is pqbCuis olfxai KpeiTTOiv Icrrat. 
 
 ylnd determines tofoUmv the fortunes of Cyrus, and 
 accompany the Persian army. 
 
 37 "* kK0V(TavTi TavTa rw Kvp(^ ebo^ev d^ia eiTLp-eXeias 
 Xeyeiv' Kal evOvs elire, Tt ovv, e(f)r], oj TabuTa, ovxl Ta
 
 74 XENOPHON, 
 
 fiev reixi (})vkaKfj €X^P^ e7rot?j(Tajuey, ottcos av <roi era 
 V XP^'''^"' acr^aAws, OTTorav ets avra tr]s' avTos 8e crvv 
 rjfuv (TTpareijei, tva r]v ol 6eo\ uicnT^p vvv avv r]\xiv axnv, 
 OVTOS ere (j)o(3r]Tat, aWa fxi] av tovtov ; o,ti hi] i^hv (tol 
 
 5 opav rwy (to^v t) 6t(d (rvvoiv xcttpft?> i^oiv crvv aavT^ 
 TTOpevov. Koi (TV T av epLOL, u>s y' epiol boKel, ixavv 
 Xpj;crt/xos etrjs, eyw re crot ocra hv bvvcoixat mipaa-op.aL. 
 aKovcras ravra 6 Tabaras aviirvtvcri re /cat elTr^v, ''Ap 38 
 ovv, ^(f>r}, bvvaLfMrjv av crucrKeuao-ajuei'o? (f)9d(Tai. irpiv ere 
 
 lo k^iivai ; ^ovKop-aL yap tol, e<^?;, Ka\ Tr]V \xr\Tipa ayeiv 
 IX€T ijxavTov. Nat p-a At', e(/)?7, ^^acrets p.ivTou eyo) 
 yap eTTto-x^cft) ecos ay </)?/? KaAws e'xety. ovrw 8^ 6 39 
 FaSaras aireXdcav (f)vka^i p.ev to, reixn o"^^ Kvpw wxvpco- 
 (raro, o-ui^ecr/ceuaa-aro 8e Tiavra ottoctoi^ hv oXkos p.eyai 
 
 15 KoAcSs otKOtro. iiyero be Kai t5>v kavTov rdv re ttlo-t^v 
 ols ijbeTo /cat &v TjTrtVret ttoAAovs, di^ayKacra? rows /ney 
 Kai yvyatKa? ayety, roi/s be Kal abeXcf^ovs, a)s 8e8eju.eyou? 
 TOVTOLS Karex^oi, avrovs. /cat roy fxev Tabdrav evOvs 6 40 
 Kvpos ev rots irept avrbv r/et e'xwy /cat oSwy (Ppaarrrjpa 
 
 20 /cat ■ySarcoy Kat x'^o^ ko-i- ctltov, o)s etrj ev rots d(p6ov(a- 
 rdrots crrparoTreSeveo-^at. 
 
 Cj""K-f 'ivill not pass too close to Babylon. A lesson 
 in strategy. 
 
 '£•7761 8e TTOpevopevos KaOedpa tt^v rwy Baj3vX(ovi(tiv 41 
 TToXtv /cat ebo^ev avT(2 r) 686s r]v J7€t Trap' avro r6 retxos 
 (f)epeLV, Kakiaas rbv Tiajipvav /cat tov Yabarav ripcara el 
 25 et?; aXXri obos, &(TTe p.i] ttclvv eyyvs tov ret'xous dyety. 
 Kat 6 ToojSpvas elirev, Eto"i p-ev, u> becnroTa, Kal TroAAat 42 
 66ot' dAA' eyu)y\ e(f)r], cap-qv Kal ^ovXeaQai dv ere vvv 
 oTi eyyvTOLTUi r^s Tro'Aecos dyetv, tVa /cat CTrtSet^ats avTt^
 
 CYROPAEDIA, V. iv. 75 
 
 on rb CTTpaTeviid crov 17817 ttoXv ri ka-ri koX KokoV eTiet- 
 87) KoX ore eXaTTOv eixes ■npoa-rjXO^s re irpo? avro ro 
 Ter^os Kol eOearo 7//xa9 ov ttoAAous ovras' vvv 8e et Kat 
 TTapecTKevaa-fxivos ri kaTtv, uxnrep Trpos ere elirev otl 
 Trapaa-KevdCoiTO m ixaxovfxevos (rot, otS' on Ibovrt avr^ 5 
 Tr]V <Tr]v bvvaiXLV irdkiv dirapaaKiVOTaTa to, eavTov (pa- 
 retrai. 
 
 43 Kat 6 Kvpos TTpbs ravra eiTre, AoKels IJ.OL, S Fco/Spva, 
 6avixd(€Lv OTL iv (ri x/'o't'O) TToXu fxeCova €x<>^v (TTpaTidv 
 rjkOov, Tipbs avrb rb retxo? Trpocrrjyov' vvv h CTret irkeLova ro 
 
 44 bvvaixLv e'xct), ovk eOikoi vir avra to. ret'x^ ayetz;. dAAa 
 fi^ ^av/xa^e* ov yap rb avTo eart Trpocrdyetv Kal irapd- 
 y€iv. TTpocrdyovcTi \xkv yap irdvres ovtm Ta^djxevoL cos 
 dv dptcTTOL etey [xax^adaL' Kal d-ndyovcn 8e ol (T(a(f)pov€9 
 
 45 rj dv d(r(pak4(TTaTa, ov^ fl dv Td\i(TTa dirikOoi^v. Trap- 15 
 Uvai. be avdyKf] karXv eKrera/xe'i'ats jxkv rat? d/ia^at?, 
 dveipixivoLS 8e Kat rots dAAots (TK€Voc})6poti cttI ttoA.?;' 
 raOra 8e irdvra bel TipoK^Kakvi^Qai rots oTrkotpopoLs Kal 
 ix-qbap-fj rots T:oke\xiois yv\ivd o-nkcov to, a-Kevo(p6pa <^ai- 
 
 46 vecrdai. dvdyKrj ovv ovtco TTopevopevoov iirl keTiTov /cat 20 
 do-^ez^es ro p-dyjip-ov TerdyOai' et ovy (BovkotvTo dOpooL 
 €K Tov retxous Ttpoa-nea-eiv ttt], ottj] Txpoa-pi^eiav, ixokv 
 
 47 dv €pp(t}pL€viaT€pov crvppiyvvoLev tG>v irapiovTOiv' Kal rots 
 p.\v kirl paKpbv ■nopevop.ivois paKpal Kal al cinjSoijOeLat, 
 rots 8' e/c roS retxous Ppaxv Ttpbs to ey/ws /cat irpoa- 25 
 
 48 bpapelv Kal irdkiv aTTekOe'iv. rjv be p.r] peiov d-niyovTe^ 
 irapioopev rj e(^' oaov Kal vvv kKTerap-evoi iTopevopeOa, 
 TO pev TrkrjOos KaTo^j/ovTat rjpQv, vtto be tSiv TTapv(f)a(T- 
 
 49 pevoov oTTkiov Tras oxAos beivb? (fyaiveTat. rjv 8' ovv rw 
 ovrt CTre^tojfrt ttt], e/c irokkov TTpoop&vres avTovs ovk dv 30 
 dirapdaKevoL kapiSavoipeOa. pdkkov be, S) dvbpes, I^tj,
 
 7*5 XENOPHUN, 
 
 ov8' iTTixftpria-ova-Lv, oirorav -npocroi ber} airb tov rei'xou? 
 a-ni(.vai,, i]v ixi] tQ oAo) v7roAd/3cocrt tov ttuvtos KpeLTTOvs 
 etvaL' (^ofSepa yap rj aisoyjapW'-'i- «7ret 8e ravT d-n^v, 50 
 ego^e re opOSt^ toIs Trapovxn Aeyety /cat 7]yez; 6 Tco^pvas 
 5 ojo-Trep CKeAeuo-e. -napap.&i^op.ivov hi tijv ttoKlv tov 
 (rTpaT€vp.aTos ad to VTToXeiTTOixevov layvpoT^pov ttolov- 
 fxevos an€X(apei. 
 
 Capture of three Syrian forts, 
 
 ETret 8e iropevoiJ.evos ovtcos kv Ta'is yiyvop.(vai<i rjpii- 5i 
 pat? acfiiKvdTaL ds to, jx^Oopia tS)v 2,vp(av Kal MtjScoz/, 
 10 hdevTTep cop/xr/ro, ivTavda br] Tpia ovTa tSjv ^vpcav 
 4>povpt,a, 'h ixkv avTos to aaBevia-TaTov jSia TTpoa(3a\oiv 
 ^KajSe, TO) be bvo (f)povp[oo (f)ol3(av p-ev Kvpos, TidOuiv oe 
 FaSaras cTretcre irapabovvai row? (jyvkaTTovTas. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Cyrus ifi-vites Cyaxares to come to meet him and confer 
 about their future policy, 
 
 Eiret be ravTa bteTienpaKTo, 7re/x7ret irpbs Kva^dp-qv i 
 
 IS Kat eiTearTeXkev avT<a rJKet.v eirl to aTpaToirebov, ottco? 
 
 Trept tQv (})povpLa)v &v elXricjjecrav ^ovkevcratvTO 6,tl 
 
 XPWaLVTo, Kal deacrajjievos to aTpaTevpLa Kal Trept rwv 
 
 akkcov (rvix[3ovXos yiyvoiTo o,tl boKoit] eK tovtov Trpdr- 
 
 Teti'* eav be Ke\evr], eiire, ecprj, oTt, eyw av ws eKeivov 
 
 2o ioip,t (TTpaTOTTebevar6p.evos. 6 pev ayyeXos <j>X^'^^ TavT 2 
 
 aT!ayyekS>v, 6 be Kupoj ev tovtco eKekevae Tr]V tov 
 
 Aacrvfiiuv a-Ki]vi]v, Kva^dpr] rjv oi MijboL e^eikov, TavTTjV
 
 CYROPAEDIA, V. V. 77 
 
 KaTaa-Kevaaai ws iSeXria-ra Tjj re aXXji Karaa-Kevf] rjv 
 eixoi' Kot TO) yui'aiKa elaayayelv et? rov yvvaiK&va rrjs 
 a-Krjvrjs /cat o-i/y ravTri ras ixov<Jovpyovs, aiTiep i^r\pr]- 
 
 3 /!iez;ai ricraii Kva^aprj. ol /xey 6t) ravT eTrparrov. 6 be 
 TTeiJ.(j)d€ls TTpos Tov Kva^aprjv eiiel eAefe to. ivreraXixeva, 5 
 aKOVaas avrov 6 Kva^dprjs eyvoi j3ekTL0v etvat, to tTTpd- 
 TevfJia fxiveiv (v toIs fxedopiot^. koI yap ol ITepcrat ovs 
 IJ.eTeTT€iJi\j/aTo 6 Kvpos rjnov' rjcrav 8e fj-vptdhes reTrapes 
 
 4 to^otQ>v Koi TreXracTTStv. bp5>v ovv koX tovtovs (tlvo- 
 fxevovs TToWa ttjv MrjStKTjr, tovtcov dv iboneL rjbioi' 10 
 dirakXayijvai, rj dWov o)(\ov elcrhi^aa-Qai. 6 jxev hrj €K 
 Ylepaiav dyu>v tov (TTpaTov ipop-evos tov Kva^dpriv KaTo. 
 Tr}v Kvpov eincrToXriv eX tl beoLTO tov (TTpaTov, eTret ovk 
 i(j)r} belcrOai, avdrjjxepov, iirel iJKOvcre TrapovTa Kvpov, 
 i^)(^eT0 TTpos avTov dycov to (TTpdTevixa, 15 
 
 Horn} Cyaxares met Cyrus, and could not hide his 
 mortification and displeasure. 
 
 6 *0 be Kva^dprjs (TTopeveTo Trj vcrTepaia. (tvv rots trapa- 
 \ieiva(TLv tTTTreuo-t MtjScoj'' ws 8' fjcrOeTo 6 Kvpos irpocr- 
 LovTa avTov, Aa/Sajz; tovs re rwy Ylepaoiv iinTeas, 
 TTokXovs i]br] ovTas, koI tovs Mribovs TrdvTas /cat rovs 
 'Ap/xevtous /cat row? 'TpKavLOVs koL to)v dXkcav o-vp-pid- 20 
 Xcov Tovs evLTTTTOTdTovs Te /cat evoTiXoTdrovs dirrivTa, cTrt- 
 
 6 beiKvvs r(3 Kva^dprj Tr}v bvvap.iv. 6 be Kva^dprjs eirel 
 etbe (TVV jxev tw Kvpw ttoWovs Te /cat KaXovs Kayadovs 
 eiTopievovs, avv eavT^ be dkiyrjv Te Kal okCyov d^iav 
 OepaTTeiav, drtp-ov tl avTM ebo^ev e2vaL Kal d)(^os avTov 25 
 eXafiev. e-nel be KaTajSas diro tov cttttov 6 Kvpos irpoa- 
 ijXOev ojs (j)iX.i]C!-o)v avrov Kara vdp.ov, 6 Kva^dp7]s 
 KaTeft)] p.ev aTro tov lttttov, dTTea-Tpdcfir] be' Kal eipLkijae
 
 78 XENOPHON, 
 
 fj.€v ov, haKpvoiv be (f>avepos r]V. e/c tovtov 87/ 6 Kupo? 7 
 Tovi fxev aWovs Travras aTTocrravTas eKeXeutrei' ava- 
 TravecrOai' avTos he kafiofxevos rrjs he^Las tov Kva^dpov 
 Koi cmayayoiv avrbv rrjs obov e^oi vtto (fyoiviKas Tivas, 
 5 Twy re MrjbiKwv ttl\u>v virojiaKe'iv eKeXevcrev avT(2 koI 
 KaOio-as avTov kol TTapaKaOiadixevos elirev c58e. 
 
 Cyaxares complains that he has been humiliated, 
 
 EtTre juot, e(^?7, iipos tQ>v Oedv, cb Oele, ri fxoL opyi^et, 8 
 Kai tI x.aXeiTov opSiv ovtm ^aXeirias (f>epeLS ; evravOa 
 bi] 6 Kva^dpr^s aTreKpCvaTo, "On, w Kvpe, boKwv ye b-q 
 
 10 ecf) 6(Tov dvdputTTOiv p.vi]iJ.r] e(f)iKvelTat koI tS^v Trdkat 
 TTpoyovMV KOL irarpos /SacnAecos irecpVKevat koX avrbs 
 ^acrikevs vop-i^op-evos elvai, ep.avTov jxev bp5> ovtu) ra- 
 ireLvois Koi dva^ico^ eXavvovTa, ae 8e ry ep.fj OepaTteia 
 KoX TTj aAA?7 bvvdp.ei p.eyav re kcCi ixeyaXoirpeTTrj irapovTa. 
 
 15 Kol ravTa xaAeTroy fiev oXp.ai. koX vtto TToKe\xioiv TraOeiv, 9 
 TTokv b\ S) Zed, yaXeTidiTepov v(j) S>v T/KioTa exprjv ravra 
 ireTTOvOevai. eyoi [xev yap Sokco 8c/ca/cts dv Kara rrjs y^s 
 KaTabvvat. 7/8 toy 7/ 6(l)d7]vaL ovtm Tairetvos kol ibelv tovs 
 ejuoi/? ep-ov dp.eX'qa-avTa^ koX eiTeyyekcavTas epoi. ov yap 
 
 20 dyvoia tovto, eV/)?;, ort ov cru pov p.6pov p-eCCf^v el, aAAa 
 Kal ol ep.ol bovkoL iaxvpoTepot. ep.ov v-navTid^ovai p.01 
 Ka\ KaTecTKevacrp-evoi elcrlv wore bvvacrOat, TroLrjaat, paK- 
 Xov epe KaKcos 7) TraOelv v-n ep.ov. Kal dp.a ravra \eyu)V 10 
 7ToK.v en pukKov eKparelro vtto rcav baKpvoov, uxrre Kal 
 
 25 rov Kvpov e-necT-ndaaro ep.T:Xr](T6rjvat. baKpvcov ra 6p.p,aTa. 
 e7rto-p(wi' be p.i,Kpbv eke^e rotdbe b Kvpos.
 
 CVROPAEDIA, V. V. 79 
 
 Hoav Cyrus soothed Aim, and defended his oiun conduct. 
 
 'AAXa ravra \j.iv, S> Kva^ap-q, ovre Aeycis dArj^rj ovt€ 
 opd^s yiyycoo-zcets, ei otet rfj ejxfj irapovaia MTySou? Kare- 
 
 11 (TKevacrOai wore iKai'ovj etyat (re KaK5>s iroielv. to 
 jxevTOL ere 6viJL0V(rdaL ov 6avixd((i)' ei fxivToi ye dStKcos ?) 
 6iKata)? avrots X'^^^'^'^'^'^f'S', Trapija-oi tovto' olba yap ort 5 
 /Sapecris az; (pipoLS UKoijcov epLov airoXoyovp-evov virep av- 
 tQv' to fxevTOL avbpa ap^ovTa iraatv ajxa ■yjak^'naiveiv 
 Toi? ap)(op.ivoLS, TOVTO e/xol SoKet /^.eya aiJ.apTrjp.a eXvai. 
 avayKT) yap hia to ttoX.\ovs fxev ^ojiexv irokkovs eydpov^ 
 TTOula-Oai, bia be to iraa-Lv ap,a 'yaXeiraiveiv ttolo-lv avTols 10 
 
 12 bp.6voiav ep.ftaXXeLv. S)V eveKa, ev l(t9l, eyo) ovk airi- 
 Tieimov avev ep-avTov totjtovs, (f)ol3ovp.€vos ju?/ ri yivoiTo 
 bia T-qv (Ti]V 6pyi]v o,Ti TrdvTas rjp.as AuTri/crot. Tama 
 [X€V ovv (Tvv Tols OeoTs €p.ov TtapovTOS d(T(()aX(as e)(et 
 (TOL' TO fxivTOL cre vop,i^eiv vtt ip.ov abiKeicrOat, tovto 15 
 eyco Tiavv )(^aXe7r(as (f)ep(i), el dcTKoiv ocrov bvvap.ai roi/s 
 (}}l\ovs ws TrAetora dyaOd iroielv eireiTa TavavTia tovtov 
 
 13 OOKO) e^epya^eo-^at. dAAa yap, e'qbr/, pJt] ovtcos elKrj 
 rjfxas avTovs alTtcap-eOa' dAA', et bvvaTov, (ra(f)e(TTaTa 
 KaTLbu)p.ev 770 toy ecrn to Trap' e/xoC db[K7]ixa. Kal ttjv ev 20 
 (piXoLi OLKaLOTaT-qv vTTodeariv e\(o V7roTi.divai' edv yap tC 
 (re (f)avo) KaKov TreTrotTjKCos', opoXoyca dbiKelv eav p.evTOi 
 p.r]bev (PaivoijjLaL KaKov TreTrotTjKws prjbe l3ovXi]9eLS, ov 
 Kai (TV av 6/xoAoyj/creis pLrjbev vtt' ep,ov dbiKelcrOac ; 'AAA' 
 
 14 dvdyKt], e(f)r}. 'Edv be brj Kal dyaOd aoi ireTTpaxoiS 25 
 St/Aos d» Kal TTpoOvpovp.evos irpd^ai w? eyw TrAetcrra ebv- 
 vdp.r]v, OVK av Kal eiraivov croi a^tos e'irjv ixdkXov rj 
 
 15 iJ.ep.\l/eo)s ; AtKOtoy yovv, ecprj. "Aye tolvvv, ecftrj 6 Kv- 
 pos, aKoiT(op.€V ret e/7.ot ireTtpayp.eva TidvTa Kad' ev eKa-
 
 8o XENOPHON, 
 
 CTTOV ovTOi yap fJ-aXicTTa brjXov ea-rai o,tl re avTwv 
 ayaOov €(ttl kol 6,ti kukov. ap^iafx^da b\ e(^Tj, e*c rrjcrbe 16 
 TTJs apxv^) ft Koi (Tol apKOVvTcas boKel ^x.^iv- (rv yap 
 h]TTOv CTret tjctOov ttoXXovs iroAe/xtou? r]6poia-p.ivovs, koi 
 
 5 TovTovs CTTt (TC KoX TTjv (Tjjv yjapav 6p[ji.(tiiJL€vovs, evOvs 
 eTrejuTres irpos re to Uepa-Qv kolvov (rv/Aju.axou? alTovp-cvos 
 Kal TTpbs e/xe IbCq biOfxevos TteLpaaOaL avrbv ifxe kkd^lv 
 rjyovpL^vov, et Ttyes YlepaSiv Xoi^v. ovkovv eyw eTreicrOriv 
 Te ravra vTtb (rod Kal iiapeyevoixrjv avbpas ayoiv (tol w? 
 
 lo i]v bwarov TrXeiVrou? re /cat apiarovi ; 'HA^e? yap ovv, 17 
 e<^Tj. 'Er rovro) toLvvv, e^rj, TrpcaTov fxoi etire TTorepov 
 abiKtav Tiva jxov irpos are Kareyvcas tj [xaWov evepyea-iav ; 
 AijXov, €^7] b Kva^dprjs, otl Ik ye tovtmv evepyea-iav. 
 Ti yap, €0rj, eTret ot iroXefxtOL ^\9ov koI biaycovtC^a-dat 18 
 
 15 l8et TTpbs avTovs, kv rovrca Karevorjo-ds ttov ju,e rj ttovov 
 cLTToaTavra ij tlvos Kivbvvov ^etcrdjueyoi; ; Oh p.a top 
 At', €(pri, ov jxkv 877. TC yap, iTrel vl.Ky]s yevojxevqs (tvv 19 
 Tots deols r}ix€Tipas Kal dvaxdyprja-avTcov t&v ttoXcixCmv 
 irapcKaXovv (yu> (re otto)? koivjj fj.€V avTovs bicaKoipiev, 
 
 20 KOivrj be Tiixcopoip-eOa, KOLvf] be el tl KaXbv Kayadbv avp.- 
 fSaCvoi, TovTo KapTT0L[xe6a, ev to{itols eyeis rivd \xov 
 ■nXeove^iav KaT-qyopijcraL ; 6 \xev brj Kua^aprjs irpos tovto 20 
 ecriya' 6 be KCpo? TraAty ekeyev &be' 'AAA el irpbs 
 TOVTO (TictiTTav rjbiov croL ri aTTOKpivacrOaL, Tobe y , ec^rj, 
 
 25 etTre el rt hhiKeluQai ev6p.taas otl eirei croi ovk drrcfiaXes 
 ehoKei etvai bt.a>KeLV, (re jxev avTov d^rjKa tov KLvbvvov, 
 LTTTTeas be t&v cr&v (TVimep-^aL jxoi ebeojxrjv crov' el yap 
 Kal TOVTO ahoiv ribiKOVv, ciAAco? re Kat T7po'nape(r)(r]KUiS 
 efxavTov (rot (rvp.}ia\ov, tovt av TTapa crov, e(f)r], ein- 
 
 30 beLKvv(T9(j). CTret 8' av Kal irpos tovto ecriya 6 Kva^dprjs. 21 
 'AAA' et p-rjhe tovto, e(f)r], (3ov\ei, dTTOKpCvaadai, crv be
 
 CYROPAEDIA, V. V. 8 1 
 
 TovvTevdev Xe'ye et n av -qbiKOvv otl (tov airoKpivajxevov 
 e/xot 0)? ovK dv jiovXoio, evdvixovii^vovs bpGiv iNh/Sous, 
 TO'UTOV TTavaas avTOvs avayKa^eiv KLvhweixrovTas Uvai, 
 ei Ti av (TOL boK(o tovto X'^^^~oi' TTOcyjcraL on d/xeA.7/cras 
 TOV 6pyi^i(Tdai (Toi eirl tovtols irdXiv fJTOvv ere ov -rjbetv 5 
 OTL ovT€ (Tol fxeiov bovvaL ovbev ovtg pqov Mi]bois eirt- 
 Taxdrjvai' tov yap (iovX6p.evov Stjttou i.it^crOai -qTiqcrd 
 
 22 o"e hovvat [xoi. ovkovv tovtov tv\wv irapd (tov ovbev 
 ■tjvvTov, d iJ.r} tovtovs 7retcrat/u,t. iXdcav ovv eireidov 
 avTovs Kol ovs €TT€i(ra TOVTovs e^toy iiropcvoixriv crov 10 
 e7TLTpi\j/avTos^ ei be tovto ahtas 6.^iov vop.L^eL's, ovb^ 6,tl 
 av bibQs, o)? eoLK€, TTapd (TOV Se'xecr^at dvaiTiov ecrrty. 
 
 23 ovKOVv e^oi}pixi]aaiJ.ev ovTcos' eTrctSr; 8' k^r\k6oixev, ti ripuv 
 TTCTTpaypievov ov (pavepov kaTiv ; ov to crTpaTombov 
 rjXoiKe Tcav Trokep-Loyv ; ov TeOvdcn ttoWoI tcov iirl (re i.s 
 i\d6vT0)v ; dk\d \xriv tG>v ye C(iiVT(i>v k)(6p^v ttoKKoX p.€v 
 ott\(x)v iaTiprjvTai, ttoKXoI 8e tinrMv' \pr\ixaTd ye \X7]V 
 TO. Tu>v (f)(p6vT(t)v Kttt dyovTMv TO. (TCI TTpoaOev vvv opds 
 Tovs (Tovs (fiikovs Kal e\ovTas Kal dyovTas, to, fxev (tol, 
 
 24 TO, f av Tols VTTo Ti]v ai]v dpxvv. TO 8e TrdvToov [x^yicr- 20 
 tov /cat KdWiaTov, ttjv jxev crrjv x.(opav av^avofxevriv 
 opas, Trjv be tG>v iroXep.Lcov iJ.(ioviJ.evriv' Kal Ta [xev tSiv 
 TtoKefxidiv (fypovpLa i)(j6p.(.va, to. be era to, irpoTepov eh 
 TTjv ^vpcDV e-niKpdTeiav avyKaTaiiacrOevTa vvv TavavTia 
 (ToX TtpofTKexoipiiKOTa' TOVTUiv be et tl KaKov (TOL 7] eX TL 25 
 p.T] dyaOov aoL jxaOelv p.ev eyo^ye I3ov\e(r0ai ovk ot8' 
 0770)? av eXTTOifXL' dK0V(TaL fxevTOL ye ovbev KOiXveL, 
 
 25 dWd Xeye o,tl yiyvcaa-KeLS itepX avTcov. 6 p.ev 8r/ Kvpos 
 ovTcos elitwv eTravaaTo' 6 be Kva^dprjs eXe^e irpos ravra 
 rdbe. 30
 
 82 XENOPHON, 
 
 Hoiv Cyaxares accuses Cyrus of stealing from him the 
 affections of his people. 
 
 'AAX', S Kvpe, 0)? y.\v ravra a crv 7T€TTOL-)-jKa9 KOKcIt 
 
 icTTLV OVK oTb' 0770)5 XPV ^^Y^l-V' €V ye jXeVTOl, €(l)rj, 10-04 
 
 ort Tavra rayada TOLavra eo-rty ola oVo) TrXeCova (f)aLV€- 
 rai, ToaovTco fxaXXov e/xe jiapvvei. ti]v Te yap yjiapav, 26 
 5 e^rj, eyo) ay tt)i; o-7;i; ef^ovXopLrjv rfj epirj bvvdpiei fxci^oi 
 TTOtety fxaWov tj Tr]v e/j,?/y vtto aov bpav ovTiJiS av^avo- 
 ixivrfv' crol fxev yap ravra TTOLOvvn KaXd, e/xoi b4 yk 
 kcrri ttj] ravra drL[x[av ^epovra. kol xpr]p.ara oi^rcos 27 
 av [MOt 80/cd) 178 toy cro6 Stopeicr^at 77 irapa a-ov ovro) Aa/x- 
 
 10 ^av^iv (OS 01/ e/xot 8t8a)s* rovrois yap 'nXovri^op.^vos vtto 
 (Tov Kal fxaXXov aicr6dvop.ai. oXs TTcvicrrepos y(.yvop.ai, 
 KOL rovs y ifJLOvs vTTrjKoovs lb(av jiLKpa ye dStKOU/xe'you? 
 VTTO (TOV rjrrov av boKw Xvneiadai r] vvv bpG>v orL jxeydXa 
 dyaOa mrTovdacnv vtto a-ov. el be crot, e(f)r], ravra 8okw 28 
 
 15 dyvu)p.6v(j)s ev0v\xelcT6ai, ixi] ev ep.o\ avrd dXX^ els o-e 
 rpe\l/as rravra Karadeaaat old crot (jiaiverai. ri yap dv, 
 el Tts Kvvas, ovs (tv rpecfieis (pvXaKtjs eveKa cravrov re 
 Kal r(av crwv, rovrovs Oepairevutv yvcopiixoirepovs eavr<S 
 1] (TOi TroLrjcreiev, ap dv ere ev(f)pdvai rovro) ro) depa- 
 
 20 Trevp.ari ; el be rovro aoi. boKel p-iKpov eTvai, eKelvo 29 
 Karavorja-oV e'i rts rovs ere Oepairevovras, ovs a^ Kal 
 (jypovpas Kal arpareias eveKa KeKrrjo-at, rovrovs ovrco 
 bianOeir] coot' eKeivov jxdXXov rj crov ^ovXea-Qat elvai, 
 ap' av dvrl ravrrjs rrjs evepyecrias \dpi.v avr(2 elbeCrjs ; 
 
 25 ri be, jxaXiara dvdpMirot dcnrdCovrai re Kal depa- 30 
 TTevovaiv, olKeiorara, et rts rrjv yvvalKa r-qv crrjv ovroo 
 OepaTTevaeiev axrre c/)tAety avri]v ixdXXov TTOirja-eiev eav- 
 rov 7] ere, up' dv (re rfj evepyeaCa ravrrf eixjipdvai ; 
 770XX0V y h.v ot/xat kou. beot' dAA' ev oto' ort ndvrojv
 
 CyROPAEDIA, V. V. 83 
 
 31 av fxaXbcrra ahiKOLrj ere tovto TrotTjcra?. tva 8e etTTco zeal 
 TO fxakiaTa rw e/xw iiadei e/x^epes, et rt? oi)s ot) I'lyaye'i 
 riepcras oiJrco depaireTJcreLev oxttc avT(o rjbiov eTrecrOaL rj 
 croL, ap av (p[\ov avTov voijl[(ol5 ; ol[xai fxkv ov, a\Xa 
 
 32 TTokefiicoTepov av rj el ttoXXovs avTcov KaTaKavoi. ri h\ 5 
 
 €L TiS T(Jt)V (TU)l' (^l/Vo)!^ (f)lko(jip6v(i)S CTOV eiliOVTOS Att/jl- 
 
 j3av€Lv OTToa-a idekot etr' avTos tovto aKovaas kafSwv 
 oixoLTo cnravTa oTToara bvvaiTo, Kal avTos /xey ye Tolls 
 (ToXs TrkovTOLT], av 8e fxribe /xerptots e'xots xprjadai, ap 
 
 33 av bvvaio tov tolovtov ap.qi-uTOv (fyikov vofxCC^iv ; vvv 10 
 jxevTot. eyw, oj KCpe, et ixtj raSra akka TotavTa vtto aov 
 boK(o TTeTTOvdevai. crv yap akrjOrj keyeis' dirovTos k\xov 
 T0V9 iOekovTas ayeiv kafScov w)/oii Tracrdv [xov ti]v hvva- 
 IXLV, e/xe 8e eprnxov KaTekiirer Kal vvv a eAa/3es ttj e/^if/ 
 bvvap.ei, ayeLS h] p.ot Kal Trjv kp.7]v \u>pav av^et? aw Ty 15 
 lp.f1 p(op.r]' eyo) 8e boKot ovbev avvaiTios cbv tmv ayaOGiv 
 TTapex^tv ip-avTov wcrTrep yvvrj €V TTOtelv, Kal Tols re 
 aAAots ai'6po)TTOLS Kai Toiabe Tolls e/xoi? v-mqKoois av p.ev 
 
 34 avi]p (paU'ei, eyo) 8' ovk I'i^lgs ap)(7/?. TavTa aoi hoKO. 
 €V€py€Tj]paT dvai, S Kvpe ; eu XaO' otl et n e/xou Ik?]- 20 
 Sou, ovbevos dv ovtco /xe airoaTepelv l^vkaTTov ws aftw- 
 p.aTos Kal Tiprjs. tC yap epol irkeov to ti]v yi]v Trka- 
 Tvveadai, avTov 8e aTipa(ea6ai ; ov yap roi eyw Mi^hcav 
 ^IPXOV 8ta TO KpeLTTcov avTUiv TTavTOiv ehat, akka p.akkov 
 biu TO avTovs TovTovs a^Lovv 7]p.as kavTStv -navTa jBek- 25 
 
 Tiovas eLvai. 
 
 Hoiv Cyrus, by gentle management, assuaged the displeasure 
 of Cyaxares. 
 
 35 Kai 6 Kvpo? en kiyovTos avTov virokalBcav etTre, Tlpbs 
 T&v deS)v, e(pr), S) Ode, el tl Kuyca aoi irpoTepov e\apiaA- 
 
 G 2
 
 84 XENOPHON, 
 
 fxrjv, Kol (TV vvv e/xot yjipia-ai hv berjOa crov' Trava-at., 
 (.(l>Tf], TO vvv a,vai ixeiJ.(p6ix(v6s fJ.01.' iireibav 8e Tretpay 
 rjfji&v Aa/3T/? tt&s exo/xev irpos (re, kav ykv hr\ aot ^aiVrj- 
 rai ra vtt' ejuou TreTrpay/xeVa evrt t(5 o-oJ dya^co TreTrotij- 
 
 5 [liva, aa-jra^oixivov re jaov (re dyTao-Trd^ou, evepytTrjv re 
 v6[xiCe, ^av b' eTTt Odrepa, Tore fxoi pLe[X(f)ov. 'AXX' 36 
 to-cos jXiVTOi, e^j] 6 Kuafap?]?, koAws Ae'yets' Kayo) ovrco 
 TTOtTjo-o). Tt ovy ; e(/)Tj 6 Kupos, 17 Kat (piX-qa-oi ere ; Ei 
 cri; /3ov\et, e(/)Tj. Kat ovk airocTTpi-^ei jue ^cnrep apri; 
 
 10 OvK aT^o(JTpi\\ro\xai, Ic^tj. Kat 6s i(pL\r}(rev avTov. 
 
 How Cyrus caused the Medes to shoiu special honour to 
 their King. 
 
 *X2s 8e et8oi^ o\ M^8oi re Kat ot rie'pcrat Kat ot aWoi, 
 Tracri yap e/ieAey o,rt ck rovro)?; ^(toito, evOvs ya-d-qa-dv 37 
 re Kat €(f)aibpvvdr]aav. kol 6 Kvpos 8e Kat 6 Kua^apjjs 
 avaj3dvT€S (irl tovs iTnrovs ijyovvro, kol ctti fiev rw 
 
 15 Kua^aprj ot MrjhoL etirovTo, Kvpos yap avroU ovtms 
 eirivevcrev, eirl be TOi Kvpw ot Hepcrat, ol b aAAot eTTt 
 roOTOt?. eTTet be dcfyLKovro e-rrl to aTpaToirebov Kat KaTe- 
 (TT-qaav tov Kva^dprjv els Tr]V KaTecrKevaa-fievriv (TK7]vqv, 38 
 ots p.ez; (TeTaKTo Tiapea-Keva^ov rd7rtr?;8eta rw KvafdpTj* 
 
 20 ot be Mf/8ot ocrov xpovov crxoXrjv irpo bei-nvov rjyev 6 
 Kua^aprj? i](rav irpos avTov, ol fxev Kal avTol Ka9' eav- 39 
 TOVS, ol be TrAetfrrot vrrb Ki;pou eyKeAevo-rot, 85pa 
 ayovTes, 6 \xev tis olvoyoov koKov, 6 8' o-^ottoiov dya- 
 66v, 6 8' dpTOTTOiov, 6 be piova-ovpyov, ol 8' eKircajxaTa, ol 
 
 25 8' eaOrJTa KdKi]V tto? 8e' rts ws ctti to ttoXv ev ye tl oJv 40 
 etA77(/)et eScopeiro avT<a' uxiTe tov Kva^dprjv p-eTayiyvd- 
 (TKeiv ws ovTe 6 Kvpos dc^iVrrj avTovs d-n avTov ovO'
 
 CFROPAEDIA, V. V. 85 
 
 ol MrjboL rJTTov tl avT<a TTpocr€lx_ov rbv vovv rj kol 
 Ttpoa-Oev. 
 
 Honv he ga've to Cyaxares the preeminence in all things. 
 
 41 EttcI 8e heiiivov &pa -qv, KaXeVas 6 Kya^aprj? rj^lov 
 Tov Kvpov bta xpovov Ibovra avTov (rvvbeLTTvelv. 6 be 
 Kvpos ^(Prj, Mrj brj av Ke'Aeve, w Kva^aprj' rj ovx opas 5 
 OTi ovTot ol irapovT^s v(f)' rjpcav iravres k-naipop-evoi 
 TTapeLCTLV ; ovkovv KakQs dv TtpaTTOip-i et tovtcov ap-ekcav 
 Tip epi]v ■>]bovi]v depaireveiv boKoiiqv. apeXeladaL be 
 boKovvTes arpaTLutTaL ol ixkv ayaOol 'nokv advporepoi 
 
 42 yiyvovrai, ol be irovripol tto\v vjSpLaTOTepoL. dAAa crv 10 
 piev, e(j)ri, aAAoos re kol obbv p.aKpav iJKutv beiirvei ijbrj' 
 Kai el TLves ere TipSxTLv, avTacnta^ov Ka\ evw^eL avTovs, 
 tva <re kol dapp-qauxTLv' eyo) 8' aT[i(i)v e(f)' aitep Xeyoa 
 
 43 Tpe-KJ/opai. avpLOV b\ ecprj, Trpo) bevp' eirl ras eras dvpas 
 TTapecrovTaL ol einKaipLOL, ottcos fiovXeva-capeOa Travres 15 
 (Tvv (Tol OyTt ■)(^prj Tioielv TO e/c Tovbe. av 8' 7]piv ep(3ake 
 Trapoiv TTepl tovtov iroTepov €Tl boKel crTpaTevecrOaL ?) 
 
 44 Kaipbs ijbt] biakvetv ti]v a-TpaTcdv. eK tovtov 6 pev 
 Kva^dpris dp(f)l belirvov etxei", 6 be Kvpos (TvWe^as tovs 
 luavcoTaTovs tuip (pikcov /cat (l)povelv kol crvp.T:pdTTew, e'i 20 
 Tl heoi, eke^e Toidbe. 
 
 How he exhorted his friends to persuade their allies to remain 
 and prosecute the nvar. 
 
 Avbpes (fiikoi, h p.ev bi] upSiTa rjv^dpeOa, Trapeort (tvv 
 6eols. oTTTj yap av TTopevcapeOa, KpaTovpev Trjs \(l>pas' 
 KoX piev br] tovs TTokepCovs bpwpev petovpevovs, rjpas be 
 
 45 avTovs irkeCovas Te Kal la)(vpoTepovs yiyvopevovs. el be 25 
 riplv eTL eOekrjcreiav ol vvv Trpo cry eyevi]pevoL crvppa)(_OL
 
 86 XENOPHON, CVROPAEDIA, V. V. 
 
 TL iScacraarOaL Katpo^ Koi el n Treicrat beoL. ottcos ovv to 
 irapafxelvai, ttoAAo) av /xaAAoy avvcraL bvvaljxeda Kal et 
 IJi€veLV &)S TrAeto-rots avvboKj] tu>v (rviiixa)(jx>v, ovbev jxak- 
 kov TOVTO epyov ([xov ?; kol v}xi.Tepov p-y^^avaaOai, aXk 46 
 
 6 cocTTTep KOL orav p-ax^crOai, ber], 6 TiXeiaTovs x^ipcocra- 
 fj.evos aAKijuwraros bo^aCerat elvai, ovtm kol orav TreicraL 
 b^ji, 6 TrXetVrous 6pi.oyv(tiixovas i^pXv TTOtrjcras ovtos 8i- 
 Kaio)? av keKTLKuiTaTos nal TrpaKTiKUtTaros Kpivotro av 
 €ivai. jxr] ixivToi ws Xoyov JjpLiv eTTibet^op-evoi olov av 47 
 
 10 eX7rr]Te irpos eKaarov avTQ>v tovto pLeXerare, aXX (os 
 Toijs TT€7T€L(rp.ivovs v(f)' eKd(rTov bi]Xovs iaopiivovs ols av 
 7Tp6.TTco(nv ovTco TTapacrKtvaCiad^. koX vp-els p-iv, €(j)ii, 48 
 TOVTcav knip-iXedOe eyw 8e onuts av e^ovres raTTtrj/Seta 
 o(Tov av kyuiye bvvoip.aL ol a-TpanuiTaL nrepi tov aTparev^- 
 
 15 crOai j3ovXevcovTaL tovtov ireLpdo-opaL €TTLp.4Xea6at,.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 p. 1. 1. I . auTOti : ' there,' just out of bowshot of the enemy's 
 camp. Cyrus had been sent by his father to help his uncle Cyaxares, 
 king of Media, in a war against the Assyrians. A great victory has just 
 been, gained. Cyrus pursued the enemy to their camp, but thought it 
 prudent not to attack their entrenchments, and drew his troops back 
 out of range. 
 
 1. 3. dvTs^TJti : ' seeing that no one came out to attack them.' Observe 
 that in Attic Greek the imperfect and future of epxofxai are supplied by 
 
 1. 5. o-rds «is TO jtecrov : ' standing forth in the midst,' coming forth 
 zn/o the midst and standing there, where all could see and hear him. 
 ' Sometimes eh with the accusative or (k or dno with the genitive is used 
 in expressions which themselves imply no motion, with reference to 
 some motion implied or expressed in the context ; as at ^vvoSoi tis to 
 hpov k'^iyvovTo, the synods were held in the temple, involving the idea 
 of going 7?ito the temple to hold the synods. ' Goodwin, El. Gk. GraJii. 
 p. 242. 
 
 1. 7. irptoTov (lev: 'in the first place;' there is no tireira 5e, 'in the 
 second place,' to correspond, the second division of his speech beginning, 
 somewhat irregularly, with 67W 5e avixiravTas. First he thanks the Gods, 
 thejt he praises his men. 
 
 1. 8. Kal vi[i€is hi : ' ami so too, do you, as I think.' 
 
 1. 9. x°'P'-^TT)pia : 'thank-offerings;' for the termination compare 
 vtKTjTTjpia, the festival of victory ; epenTrjpia, rewards for rearing, gifts 
 given by parents to the nurse, or affection shown by children to their 
 parents; aair-qpia, sacrifices for preservation. 
 
 »Lv dv del ex<»)(jL€v : ' of such things as from time to time we possess.' 
 wv {tovtqjv a, Attic attraction) is partitive genitive and depends on 
 XapiOTripia. For the use of dei compare u utl paaiKtvwy, the kings for 
 the time being. 
 
 1. II. iiSt) e-rraivu : 'I praise you now directly ; ' t^Stj is opposed to 
 eTretSdv -nvOaipLat. 
 
 1. 13. Trap' il)v irpoo-TjKeL : 'from the proper persons,' from those whose 
 duty it is to tell me, that is, from the officers, trap' Sjv is for -napci 
 
 TOVTUV OV?.
 
 // 
 
 88 XENOPHON, CVROPAEDJA. 
 
 1. 14. diroSiSovai : diru here gives the sense of rendering what is tftie. 
 Cp. Arist. Frogs 2'jO, uTroSos ro vavKov, 'pay me your fare.' Matthew 
 xviii. 28, aTToSos u ti ocptiXfis, ' pay me what thou owcst.' 
 
 1. 15. XpvcrAvTav . . . aWtov . . . -iruvGivecrGai : 'to learn about 
 Chrysantas from others ' Chrysantas is described ii. 3. 5. He was one 
 of the Peers, dvfjp ovre ^6705 ovre iax^pos iSeiv, but distinguished for 
 common sense. Here he is characterised as a model of military obedience. 
 Below, chap. 3. § 15, he displays a rough vein of soldierly humour. 
 
 1. 16. olos Tiv : ' what manner of man he was,' ' how well he behaved.' 
 TO, |A(v ■ydp dWa : supply tnoiet from tnoiUTf. 
 
 P. 2. 1. 1. tiravaYeiv : 'to draw off' his men from the Assyrian 
 camp. 
 
 dvaTerajAtvos : 'having his sword uplifted.' 
 
 1. 2. «Ls iraio-tov: -as in act to strike.' The Attic words for ' I strike ' 
 are tvittw, iraiai, 7t\T]yfjv di5a>p.i, the futures in use are naTo^ai, rraiaoj, 
 the aorists inaTa^a, eiraLoa, the perfect irtirKrjya. See Mr. Rutherford's 
 JVeza Phiynichus, pjj. 257 foil., or Cobet, Variae Lectioiies, pp. 330 foil. 
 Xenophon is here, with the licence of a romancer, attributing to the 
 Persians the strict discipline of the Spartans. 
 
 1. 5. cc|)Oao-£ . . . TToiTio-as -irplv Kaxavofjo-ai ; ' until he got his company 
 out of range before the enemy perceived.' 
 
 1. 8. 8id TO tretOecrOai : ' owing to his obedience.' 
 
 1. 10. t'v oTTotw xpov<a : 'at what time,' because they had no business 
 to get wounded after the order to retreat was given, tts/ji avTwv repeats 
 with a certain emphasis the preceding rrepl Siv. 
 
 1. 12. d'px6cr9ai iKavdv Kal dpx«i-v : Agis king of Sparta, when asked 
 rl fj.a6r]na naXiara iv 'SnapTTj daKdrai, replied, to yivuaKftf dpxnv T( koL 
 apxioSai. 
 
 1. 14. oiSi TOTS : ' not then cither.' 
 
 1. 15. Ktti TrdvTas 5« : see above, p. I, 1. 8. 
 
 1. 16. tv9ufAovi|A€voi p.Ti7roT€ TTaijecrOe : 'never cease /o bear in mind;' 
 observe the use of the present participle after navo/xai. After desino the 
 Latin idiom would require the infinitive. 
 
 1. 17. Trap' vy.lv auTots : 'in your own minds;' irapa with dative of 
 the judge before whom a cause is heard. 
 
 1. 21. irelpav aviTiiv «xovt€s : 'since you have experience of them.' 
 
 1. 25. iraiava t^dpxecrSe : the paean was a choral song of joyful 
 triumphant character (j^aiav Se Xapind, 'and the paean rises bright,' Soph. 
 O. T. 186). 'The Greeks sang two paeans,' says the Scholiast on 
 Thucyd. i 50, ' before the battle to Ares, and after the battle to Apollo.' 
 Xenophon, Cyrop. vii. i. 26, seems to distinguish the paean from the 
 song or rhythmic cry in honour of the God of War, with which the 
 Greek soldiers advanced to the charge : Kv/jos , . . 'ii^pyj. Traidva . . . /xfra
 
 NOTES, IV. i. §§ 3-9. 89 
 
 Se TovTO Tw 'EvvaXiw imjXdXa^av. But from a comparison of ffe//. ii. 
 4. 17, where Thrasybulus says «fdp£co fj.(v ovv (yib TjviK av Kaipos 17 
 rraidva' orav be tov ''Evva.Kiov vapaKakiacxiixiv k.t.K, we may infer that 
 the leader sang the paean and that the dKaKr) was a sort of refrain with 
 which the soldiers answered him. This would give us a clear meaning 
 for the eiri in fnaXaAaCeiv. The leader of the chorus, the Kopvjiaios, 
 was said t^dpxi^v, cp. Homer, //. xviii. 51, ©eVis 5' t^rjpxf yooio, ' Thetis 
 led off the song of lamentation.' Here the soldiers are said (^dpxfff^at, 
 ' to lead off for themselves.' 
 
 1. 27. Kvagdprjv : Cyaxares, according to Xenophon, was at this time 
 king of the Medes and uncle of Cyrus, who was son of Cambyses king 
 of the Persians, and Mandane, daughter of Ast)'ages the father of 
 Cyaxares. On the historical difficulties involved in this accoimt see the 
 Introduction. 
 
 o-uvT]o-e6ls eK€iv({) Koivfj : ' after publicly congratulating him.' But 
 Poppo translates gratulatus inviccm, ' after exchanging congratulations.' 
 
 1. 29. Kal oi p,«v S-q : ' and so the troops of Cyrus;' the S17 sums up as 
 it were the preceding paragraph and prepares the transition to the next. 
 
 P. 3. 1. I. 'Ao-crvpioL : the kingdom of Assyria, properly so called, 
 had been destroyed, and its capital, Ninus or Nineveh, captured by 
 Nabopalassar, father of Nebuchadnezzar, and Cyaxares, king of Media, 
 about B.C. 606 (625 Niebuhr). The Assyrians of whom Xenophon 
 speaks are the people known to us in the Old Testament as the 
 Chaldaeans or Babylonians. See Introduction. 
 
 1. I. t€0vt)k6tos : 'having been slain;' notice that the passive of 
 KTfiva is not used in Attic prose. 
 
 1. 4. Kpoicros : the last and most famous king of Lydia, the capital 
 of which was Sardis. His story will be found in the History of Greece, 
 or the Diet, of Biography, and need not be repeated here. Xenophon, 
 in representing him as assisting the Assyrians in the war against Cyrus, 
 is again at issue with Herodotus. See Introduction. 
 
 1. 6. oTi : ' the fact that,' introduces the subject clause to irapfixf- 
 TO T)Yovjj.6vov . . . 4>vXov : ' the leading race,' that is the Assyrians, 
 distinguished from the numerous allied or subject peoples serving in 
 their army. 
 
 1. 7. Tais Yvtojiais : ' was broken z'n spirit ;' the accusative is more 
 usual, cp. Herod, i. 38, Trjv dKofjv Sie(p9apixevos, 'deaf: ' viii. 28, ffdavra 
 01 iTTTToi rd (TK(\(a 5i«p$aprjaav, 'had their legs broken.' 
 
 1. 8. ovTO) S-q : repeats in sense the opwuns, 'upon this,' 'seeing this, 
 I say.' 
 
 1. 10. h\.a.^\.^at,i\. : 'marches them across' the broad trench by which 
 the Assyrian camp was surrounded. 
 
 1. 13. €K TovTou . . . -qSTj : 'immediately after this.'
 
 90 XENOPHON, CVROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 17. oia . . . Kal oo-a: 'what splendid and what countless blessings 
 do we seem to have thrown away ! ' 
 
 1. 19. aviToi opart: 'you see with your own eyes.' 
 
 oiTiv€s : ' since they,' ' seeing that they,' in Latin qui with sub- 
 junctive. 
 
 1. 20. av fieivai : ' that they could stand their ground.' 
 
 1. 24. tKeivcov : may be governed by the comparative, ' those who are 
 worse than they,' that is, than the dead, or may be partitive genitive, 
 ' those of them who are worse.' 
 
 1. 28. Kaipos -fiv : 'it was most opportune or advantageous.' See the 
 meaning of Kaipus in Liddell and Scott. Observe the absence of dV, in 
 accordance with a usage very common in the case of (XPV"' '"poaiJKfv, 
 (5fi, i^ffv, ?jv, and fj^ovKo/XTjv. 
 
 P. 4. 1. I. veovrai : a purely poetical word, not used by Xenophon 
 in any other passage. 
 
 1. 2. iKavoi : supply eafjiiv. 
 
 1. 6. cSoKOvv : ' they thought.' 
 
 tlTTtp «Lv : = VTtip TOVTOIV d. 
 
 1. 8. TJpxov ToO Xo^yov : ' were the first to make the proposal.* He was 
 
 /the commander in chief, and ought to have given orders for an active 
 pursuit, without waiting to be urged to do so. i'jpxovro rov Ko-yov 
 would mean ' spoke first. ' 
 
 1. 10. ircpl «vi6v[jiiav ojv : 'he had given himself up to mirth,' he was 
 celebrating the victory with a feast, ^vai, yiyyeaOat, Siarpififtv, e'x*''' 
 jrtpt Tt, to be busy about anything. 
 
 1. 12. S'ow: 'however,' not to dwell upon this point, whether he 
 was jealous, or whether he really thought it the better plan. 
 u Kvpe, dW : ' well but, Cyrus.' 
 1. 14. dirXTicTTajs SiaKetcrOaL: 'to be insatiate with respect to, to be 
 enslaved by no pleasure at all.' MrjSi npos fxiav = ttoos ^-qhipLiav. In 
 I . Attic prose the preposition is commonly inserted in this way in the 
 
 middle of ov^tis, fj.r]5eii. See JVcza Pluynichns, p. 272. The Persians, 
 before their great conquests, were distinguished for simplicity and 
 hardihood. ' From the age of five to the age of twenty,' Herodotus 
 (i. 136) tells us, they taught their sons three things only, to ride, to 
 shoot with the bow, and to speak the truth.' 
 
 1. 15. £^.01 St : ' but I think it much better to be able to control the 
 greatest pleasure,' than thus to fight against all pleasures alike. 
 1. 20. a\XT)v Kal dXXtjv : ' one happy chance after another.' 
 1. 21. |jLTi irdOojp.ev : lest the same thing should happen to us, which, 
 they say, has happened to many a merchant at sea. The merchant, 
 tempted by his constant good-fortune, will not give up his voyagings to 
 and fro, and comes to be drowned at last.
 
 NOTES, IV. i. §§ ro-2i. 91 
 
 1. 25. airopaXetv : depends upon \eyovcn. 
 •iJTTOvs : ' fewer in number.' 
 
 1. 28. ajAaxoi : ' took no part in the battle.' 
 
 P. 5. 1. 4. oTTcos \>ir\ QvaYKdcrojj.£v : ' beware lest we compel them to 
 behave like brave men, even against their inclination.' Before bnais (rfj 
 there is an ellipse of some verb denoting ' take care,' ' see to it.' Com- 
 pare Cyn'op. i. 3. iS, oVau \ii] anoXu i/.aoTi'yovixivos, (Trtihav o'ikol rfs, ' take 
 care you are not flogged to death, when you return home.' The future 
 indicative is regularly used in this elliptic construction. 
 
 1. 7. Kai at crves : ' t:z'i:/z swine.' 
 
 1. 9. oviKtTL (}>6\JY6i.r ' t/ie mother no longer flies, even if she be all 
 alone.' 
 
 1. 1 2. TafiieijeaOai : ' they allowed us to husband our resources,' like a 
 steward (ja/uas), who takes out of the store of household provisions as 
 much or as little as he likes. So while the enemy were shut up in their 
 stronghold the besiegers could fight, or not fight, as they pleased, with 
 such detached parties as ventured outside the gates. 
 
 1. 14. xt^pis Y€v6|i.€voi : 'in separate detachments.' 
 
 1. 1 8. €vi9up.ovp.evous : ' making merry,' = wept ivOvfiiav ovras ; see 
 § 13 above. 
 
 £^avao-TT|o-as : ' making them get up and leave their feast,' ' calling 
 them from the feast to arms.' 
 
 1. 20. dWd fjvy^ : ' /u vera.' The pronoun is emphatic, and the 
 emphasis is increased by the addition of 76. In colloquial English we 
 should obtain the same end by lapng stress on the auxiliary verb, ' well 
 then don't compel any one.' 
 
 1. 23. €(j>' ols : ' something for you all to make merry over.' 
 
 1. 24. otiSe 8ico^6|X€0a : their main body ' we shall not even pursue,' 
 for there is no chance of overtaking them. Observe that ^iwkq:, like all 
 verbs of ' going,' makes a middle future ; cp. fiaU^oj ^aSiov/xai, (pevfoj 
 Kpiv^ofxai, fiaivu Prjaofxat, aTroSiSpaffKoi d-noSpdaoixai. See Mr. Rutherford's 
 iVew PluynicJnis, pp. 376 foil. 
 
 1. 28. Kal o-ti ow: ' you in your ttcrn then ought to repay us with a 
 favour.' A(/catos ti^i woieTi', ' it is right that I should do.' Greek 
 inclines to the personal or adjectival form of expression in cases where 
 Latin or English prefers the impersonal or adverbial form ; cp. Herod. 
 vi. 1 20, rpiraioi (fivovro iv rjj 'Attikti, ' on the third day they arrived in 
 the Attic territory ; ' Eur. Ion, 702, OvpaTos (\6uv Sofiovs, ' having come 
 home from abroad!' See notes on iv. 4.3: v. 4. 1 9. 
 
 P. 6. 1.1. e'xovTts Ti : ' not empty-handed.' 
 
 1. 3. 6pu|i.ev : '\oc>\ covetously! 
 
 dXX' tl' Y€ |X€VTOi : ' well really if :' 76 emphasizes ei. 
 
 1. 4. Kal x**?"-^ • " I should even, actually, be obliged to them.'
 
 92 XENOPHON, CYROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 6. OS tpet : (]t{i dicat: after oj implying a final sense Greek uses 
 the future indicative. Be careful to observe the alternations of the 
 dialogue in this section. 
 
 1. 7. «v6a: 'there;' the word is not so used in earlier Attic Prose. 
 6 4)T)o-as TroT€ : ' the man who once said that he was his kinsman 
 and had been kissed by him.' 'The man' (see i. 4. 27) was a Median 
 noble, Artabazus, who had conceived a great affection for Cyrus, and 
 pretended to be a relation in order that he might obtain the kiss. 
 
 1. 10. Xey* • • • Uvai: 'say that he may go;' Kk-^oi has here the sense 
 of KiKivo). 
 
 1. 1 2. Nvv 8t| : nunc demiim, now is the time for you to show, now if 
 ever you will show. 
 
 1. 1 3. t4)T)s : in Attic Prose and Poetry of the golden age always 
 ttprjada, so also olaOa, ydrjaOa, rjoOa, rjeiffOa. See JVew Phrynichus, 
 p. 226. This is one of several points in which Xenophon appears to 
 depart from the strict usage of his countrymen. See note on chap. v. 
 § 17 below, and Preface. 
 
 oxiKovv . . . Y« : 'at any rate I will not abandon you, if that is what 
 you mean.' Notice the difference between ovkow and ovkovv. 
 
 I. 16. €orT€ y': 'aye, imtil.' The emphatic 7* is frequently so used 
 after an oath. 
 
 1. 20. duo 0«uv -yfyovoTOs : according to Herodotus (vii. 61) the 
 royal house of Persia was descended from Perseus and Andromeda. 
 Perseus was the son of Zeus and Danae. 
 
 1. 21. Oeicos irios : 'by some special providence,' or interposition of 
 the Gods. Similar phrases are in Herodotus, Qt'i-Q iroi^w^, Ouri rvxri ■ in 
 Sophocles, O. C. 1585, Beiq kolttovco tvxu : and in Xenophon, dfia rivinoipa. 
 Latin, divinittis. 
 
 1. 22. 'TpKavitov : the Hyrcanians formed part of the vast host which 
 followed Xerxes in his invasion of Greece. They served on foot, but 
 Herodotus (vii. 84) informs us that they had cavalry, though they did 
 not on that famous occasion send any into the field. ' Hyrcania (old 
 Persian Virkana, that is " Wolf's Land," now Gurgan) is the name given 
 to the plain and valleys which border Parthia on the north-west and 
 touch the south-east comer of the Caspian Sea.' Kiepert, Manual of 
 Ancient Gcog. p. 43. 
 
 1. 23. Si6 KaC , . . wo-irep Kai ; Greek frequently adds the conjunction 
 Kai to relative clauses (Ss nai, et si/n/ii.), differing in this from the English 
 idiom. 
 
 P. 7. 1.2. SKipirais : inhabitants of Sciritis, a mountainous district 
 in the north of Laconia bordering on Arcadia. The Sciritae formed a 
 separate division \\uxos) of the Lacedaemonian army, and it wa.s their 
 privilege to fight always upon the left wing (see the commentators on
 
 NOTES, IV. 1. § 21 - 11. § 5. 93 
 
 Thuc. V. 67), near the king. They were not cavalry, but infantry. 
 They were originally Arcadians, not true Lacedaemonians ; and, perhaps 
 for this reason, the Spartans appear to have exacted more from them, 
 and put less value on their lives. 
 
 1. 3. Kal 8t| Kal t6t€ : they always gave them more than their share of 
 toil and peril, 'and so on this particular occasion also' they had 
 assigned them the post of danger, the rearguard of the retreating army. 
 
 1. 4. d)S : with numerals, ' about.' 
 
 1. 6. tovt' (xo^fv- 'might have it,' that is, 'might bear the brunt of 
 it ' instead of themselves. 
 
 aT€ p.«X\ovT€s : quippe qui agmen clausuri essent. 
 
 1. 7. TOtis oiK€TQS : ' their families,' women, children, and slaves. 
 Generally olKtrai is used in a narrower sense and means ' domestics,' 
 famuli. 
 
 1. 9. 01 TToWoi : in apposition to 01 Kara tt^v 'Aaiav. Translate ' for 
 the most part,' 'generally.' 
 
 €XovT€s . . . fteO' wvirep : ' carrying with them t/wse with whom they 
 live.' 
 
 1. 10. €vvoT)0«VT€S . . . «8og€v aviTois : the participle ought, according 
 to modern ideas of grammar, to be in the dative. The sentence however, 
 though it is an instance of what is called anacoluthon {avamXovQos, ' not 
 following' — the latter half not agrecitig with the former), is yet perfectly 
 clear. Similar irregularities are common in the case of the impersonal 
 
 soK«r. 
 
 1. 1 1 . oia irdo-xcvcriv . . oti, TtOvaiT] . . €i€v . . €V€it] ... us 'k\o\.i\ . . 
 diroXeiTToiev : observe the freedom and variety of the construction. In 
 Greek, in oblique oration introduced by on or ws, and preceded by a 
 secondary tense (here iSo^tv), ' each indicative or subjunctive of the 
 direct discourse may be either changed to l/ie same tense of the optative 
 or retained in its original mood and tensed Goodwin, Elem. Gk. Gram. 
 p. 282. 
 
 1. 12. T€0vaiT) : see chap. i. § 8. 
 
 1. 16. o-w€7ri,0e'CT9ai : 'to join them in falling upon' the Assyrians. 
 
 1. 1 7. pis-yia-TOv Tjv^TtiTo : ' his name had eclipsed all others.' The 
 reason why they sent to Cyrus and not to Cyaxares. ixtfiiyTov is 
 predicate ; the literal translation is 'had increased so as to be greatest.' 
 Breitenbach quotes dSpovs xot'pous (KTpifpav, 'to fatten swine.' 
 
 I. 20. Ti-yTicroivTO : ' would act as guides.' 
 
 II, 23, 24. av . . . KaTaXaPeiv : ' that we could still overtake them.' 
 
 1. 25. fjtaXa cTM^^opav. translate 'a great misfortune,' but notice, as 
 Breitenbach points out, that the adverb naXa belongs in construction to 
 the suppressed verb uvai. Cp. v. i. 8, iravv /xoi ax*^^!^ ova-qs, 'when I 
 am quite at leisure.'
 
 94 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 I. 27. €m (r<j)icri.v : 'that they might be as proud as possible of him 
 and his Persians.' S^/'ffs of the speaker ami those associated loith 
 him. 
 
 1. 28. Kal avpiov fcuGev : ' they would come up with them as early as 
 to-morrow morning.' Accordingly Cyrus sets out, 'in (paovs ovtos, § 9, 
 overtakes the Hyrcanians, a/ia Kviipa, § 15, and falls upon the enemy, kvil 
 <pm f~fiv(To, § 28. 
 
 1. 29. tiiro : ' by reason of." 
 
 1. 30. TTJv irpoTf pav vvKxa : ' last night.' This was the night after the 
 battle, during which the Assyrians fled from their camp. 
 
 P. 8. 1. I. iX^TE ovv: 'have you then any guarantee of what you 
 say, to show us that you speak the truth?' But Breitenbach takes 
 ■niarov Ti StSaffKeiv together in the sense of ' to convince.' 
 
 1. 2. 'OfjiTipoDs y' : 'yes, hostages.' 
 
 1. 4. ireiroi-qcro : Tnara TTOidaOai or ^ovvai, ' to give a pledge.' The 
 genitive QiSjv specifies the kind of pledge, an oath. ' The perfect im- 
 perative of the second person is rare; when it is used it seems to be 
 a little more emphatic than the present or aorist. So ninavao, "stop, 
 not another word." Here the sense is "give us immediately and once for 
 all." ' Goodwin, Greek Moods and Tenses, p. 22. 
 
 1. 5. iva 4>€pcofji€v : ' that we may carry back to our countrymen the 
 same assurances we have received ourselves from you.' The phrases 
 TTfUTTfiv or dnuaTfWeiv rfjv Se^iav were in use. 
 
 1. 6. TJ |iTiv : commonly introduces an oath or solemn asseveration. 
 
 1. 8. ws H.'HTe : ' so that they should not have less, be regarded as 
 inferior to, either Persians or Medes in his estimation.' 
 
 1. 10. dpx^s €xovTas : 'holding high offices.' 
 
 1. II. d^iot : that is, tov vicrreveffOai ical dpxcis e'x*"'- 
 
 1. 12. (|)aovs : the Attic forms of this word are probably (j>m (not 
 (pios), <paovs <paet (not (jtairu's ipwri). 
 
 1. 15. TiYpavTjS: the Armenian prince. 
 
 1. 16. 8id TO . . . Y^vtaOai, aYaaGfivai, ei8€vai, ex^^Tes, tiPovXovto : 
 observe how the construction is varied to avoid monotony. Aid to 
 with the infinitive, and the participle, both have a causal sense and form 
 adverbial complements to efyaav (marched out because^, while rj^oiiXovro 
 is independent, and coordinate with l^rjaav. Observe too the graduation 
 of the motives by which the Medes were influenced. Some had been 
 his playfellows as boys, some had hunted with him as young men, some 
 were grateful to him because as a grown man he had saved their country 
 from the Assyrians. Others hoped that he would one day be a great 
 king, able to repay them for their service ; others again wished to repay 
 him for services received from him, when he was being educated in 
 Media.
 
 NOTES, IV. ii. §§ 5-13. 95 
 
 1. 21. i(7xvpajs is used in the sense of 'very,' 'exceedingly,' by Hero- , 
 dotus and Xenophon, and is probably an Ionic phrase. 
 
 1. 23. TToXXots Se : multis autem. Ae in a parenthesis is explanatory 
 = 'for,' 'now.' 
 
 1. 24. TOti iraTrirov : his grandfather Astyages, king of the MedeS; 
 SiairpciTTfaOai is ' to obtain by management.' 
 
 1. 26. Kal Tov XaPeiv tl €V€Ka : ' in the hope of plunder also.' This 
 sordid motive was at work as zvell as others (fcai). 
 
 1. 28. c7KT]voiivT€s : ' feasting in the tent.' 
 
 P. 9. 1. 3. €0€XovCTioi : this word is peculiar to Xenophon. The 
 Attic equivalent is kicovaioi. 
 
 1. 5. atiTois . . Kal o-<J)C(Tiv: to the Medesand to the Persians. X(pi(nv = 
 sibi; see above, § 5. 
 
 I. 6. «ir€iTa 5c : answers to iJ-aXiara [xiv. 
 
 5vvacr6fjvai : an Ionic form. See v. i. 11 ; 4.»3i. ^ 
 
 II. 6, 7. yifipiw . . diToSovvai : ' to repay a favour,* to be distinguished 
 from x"^/"" «i5eVai, ' to feel gratitude.' 
 
 1. 8. €K€Lvovs : the Medes ; while avroTs immediately preceding refers 
 to the whole army. 
 
 1. 9. i-nicrxoio-i : if from k-niaxo^, the present ; if from fnexu, the 
 second aorist ; for the imperative of the latter cp. Arist. Birds, 1 200, 
 firhx^^ '''o^ ^po/uov, 'stop your running;' for that of the former, Eur. El. 
 758, iTTtaxf, 'hold!' 
 
 1. II. TO del Kaipiov: compare for the use of det chap. i. § 2, above. 
 
 I. 12. Ti 8*, ou -yap : ^ yap, t'is yap, irws yap, are used in questions 
 which imply some astonishment or amazement. Cp. Aesch. Choeph. 
 909, naTpoKToyovaa yap ^woiKTjfftis ifioi? 'What,' says Orestes to his 
 mother, ' will you who slew my father dwell with me V 
 
 1. 14, Kal ffv : 'you too.' You have already given tis one. 
 
 Kal TOV : observe that in this phrase koX os is used in the nominative, 
 Koi rov, TO), TOV in the oblique cases. Similarly Ss Kal os, ' such and 
 such a one,' becomes in the genitive tov koi tov, &c. 
 
 1. 15. 'Ewouj yap : ^ yes, for I perceive.' 
 
 4)dvai. : repeating the sense of aitoKpivaaQai, in accordance with a J 
 common Greek usage. 
 
 oTi «xoH-«v : ' we have a sufficient guarantee for your fidelity in our 
 own courage and our own swords.' 
 
 1. I". 7rap€aKeudo-0ai : 'that we are in such a position;' €xe('' = J£ 
 habere, is equivalent to -irapecrKevaaOai. 
 
 1. 20. Y€v(crOai : ' if you are playing us false we shall not be in your t 
 power, but you are in ours.' It is perhaps possible to translate 'you 
 Tvil/ be^ the aorist infinitive being occasionally found after a verb of 
 thinking in the sense of the future or the aorist with av. But many
 
 / 
 
 96 XENOPHON, Cl'ROPAEDIA. 
 
 critics regard this use as illegitimate, and would correct all passages 
 ^here it occurs. See Goodwin, G>rck Moods and Tettscs, p. 33. 
 pornemann has ytv-fiafaOat. 
 
 1. 21. Kal jjitvTOi : the fiivroL gives point and force to the direction, 
 'and hark you.' Cp. Arist. Frogs, 171, o£tos, a\ Xe-yco fifvrot, 'you 
 there, hark you, I am speaking to you.' 
 
 vio-TaTOtJs : ' in the rear' of the Assyrian army. 
 
 1. 28. poiTT|v: 'lest Cyrus should think that, whether they joined 
 him or did not join him, they were not likely to affect the turn ol 
 the scale.' ponri is the turn of the scale, hence the additional weight 
 which makes the scale sink, the influence, the ally, whose accession 
 makes victory certain at a critical moment, is said poirfjv ex*'"- I^atin 
 has the same metaphor. We might translate pariim in sc momcnti 
 esse. 
 
 P. 10. 1. I. 'nopivo\}.(V(jiv : 'as they were on the march.' The 
 genitive absolute is used in spite of the dative Kvpai Kal tw arpaTtv- 
 fxari. 
 
 1. 6. ajta KV€<|>a : ' in the morning twilight.' 
 
 1. 8. ol (T^tTtpoi: 'their own people ;' here the Hyrcanians. 
 
 1. 10. Tov «T«pov aviTujv : the Hyrcanian dyye\oi were therefore only 
 two in number. 
 
 1. II. rds Se^ids dvaTsivavxas : partly as a sign of friendly feeling, 
 partly to show that they were not handling their weapons. 
 
 1. 1 3. ws dv opuio-iv : ' that Cyrus and his army will regulate their 
 conduct according to the way in which they see the Hyrcanians behave.' 
 Tlpoa(l>fp(a6ai is ' to bear oneself, behave, towards' 
 
 1. 18. TrapeXavvovo-i. : in obedience to the instructions given to them, 
 see § 12 above. 
 
 1. 20. oTi: introduces here the direct oration. 
 
 TovTO TO -irX-rio-tov is the subject, 'tpKav'ioiv aTparmfM is the pre- 
 dicate. 'This near us is the Hyrcanian army.' 
 
 1. 24. Ka9' ov dv tJ: 'let each greet with the hand the man in front 
 of him.' Kara with ace. = opposite to. 
 
 1. 26. TOVTtDV : depends upon /ij^SeVa. 
 
 1. 27. XiTTSiv : 'to leave alive,' 'spare.' 
 
 1. 29. irap-fio-av : aderant. Not to be confounded with vaprjffav. 
 They jumped upon their horses and 7aere there, came at once and with 
 speed. 
 
 P. 11. 1. 3. tiSt) : ' from this moment.' 
 
 1. 4. Trpos T]fJLds ovTCiJS 4'xeiv = TTtcTTevcd' rip.iv. 
 
 1. 5. etiraTe : the forms of this tense are it-aov, eTiras, (Trrt, unarov, 
 fliraTTjv, UTTopfv, ("i-najf, unov. See New Phrynichiis, p. 219. 
 
 1. 6. ai dpxat : ' the commanders,' ' the head-quarters.'
 
 NOTES, IV. ii. §§ i3--'4- 97 
 
 1. 6. TO dOpoov: 'the main body.' 
 
 I. 8. aY€T6 8t| : ' come now.' 
 
 1. lo. iTp6s' vifxds COS TTpos crvfijiaxous : observe that, in phrases of 
 this character, where the clause with 6js or (iiatrep comes first, the 
 preposition is not repeated. Thus we should say 7rp5s vyuas us irpbs 
 avixfxaxovs or ws Trpos av fniaxovs vf^as. For the explanation of this 
 usage see the Variac Lectiones, p. 1 64. 
 
 1. II. ev ToiouTw €cr|i,€v €v9a: 'we are in a position where.' 
 
 1. 12. TTavTOiv Tuv xi^firaTaTcov : ' jwthittg but A\sa.?,itT.^ 
 
 1. 13. TO KapTspov €[j,pa\6(x€voi : 'throwing ourselves upon them with 
 stout hearts.' It may be doubted, however, whether ifx^aWoi ever 
 bears this sense. The verb is used of an army biostiug into a hostile 
 countr}', or of ships chai-gmg with the beak, but not apparently of 
 troops rushing upon one another. Hence Breitenbach translates throw- 
 ing fury itito (our attack). To napripov, if used, as it appears to be, 
 for Kaprepui or Kara to icaprepov, is poetic. 
 
 I. 15. diToSiSpao-KovTwv T]{ipT]p,evaiv : 'caught running away;' the 
 first participle is predicate to the second. Observe the difference of 
 the tenses. 
 
 1. 1 7. ouSe TaiJTa 4>pov€tv : ' not able to think of, to make up their 
 minds to, eveii these courses,' but standing still and doing nothing. 
 ■f|TTi]p.c'voi : ' with the eyes of vanquished men.' 
 
 1. 19. KaT€t\T](X}ji€voi, i'crovTai : ' they willy?;;^/ //^^//w^/z'^i' caught.' 
 
 1. 23. dv6pxiroi : ' they must not see that we are human beings, make 
 them fancy that nought but shields, axes, bills, and blows have come 
 upon them.' Breitenbach compares Agcsilatis, ii. 'j, ainXiae re ovrais. 
 ws dnavTa pkv xoA.^o'', annvra bt (poiviKo. (paiveaOat, ' nothing was to 
 be seen but steel and purple.' Ttppa is a famous word denoting the 
 wicker shields of the Persian infantry' which at the commencement of 
 an action they planted in the ground so as to form a kind of rampart 
 in front of their line. See the accounts of Marathon and Mycale in 
 the History of Greece. 
 
 1. 25. vo|j,i56vT&)v : observe that vofit^tToiaav is a later form. 
 
 1. 26. TrpoireTdo-avTes TKitov : ' spreading yourselves before us,' like a 
 curtain. 
 
 P. 12. 1. 2. tKacTTOi : in plural = each of several bodies of men; here 
 of the Medes, Armenians, and Hyrcanians. 
 
 1. 3. trapd TO CTTpaToireSov : by the camp in which he expected to 
 find the Assyrians. Tlapa, with accusative, of extension by the side of, 
 as ij -napa OaXaaaav MatceSovia, stretching along the coast. Here it 
 may denote the long column of men drawn up on the flank of the 
 camp. 
 
 1. 4. cXovveTe : as if he had said u/lkTs p\v ol dpxovTfs, 
 
 H 
 
 \l
 
 98 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 5. dOpocoTivC: i\. strong ox compact body of the enemy, distinguished 
 from the scattered cloud of fugitives. 
 
 1. 8. o : the antecedent is rh ecp' dpnayfiv TpairiaOai. 
 Kparovo-t : ' in the moment of victory.' 
 
 1. 10. 6 ToiJTo TTOiciv : 'he that does this (e^' dpnayiiv rpairofitvos) 
 is no longer a soldier, but a camp-follower,' 
 
 1. 14. o-uvT|piraK€ : ' has swept off all the stakes at once.' 
 
 1. 16. tav 7dp : 'for, if he be beaten, the plunderer himself is in the 
 enemy's power.' 
 
 I. 17. ap.a with the participle ^luKovrts, 'in the midst of the pursuit,' 
 ' in the heat of the pursuit.' 
 
 II. 18. 19. (is o-KOTOvs 7€vop.evov: 'for, after night fall.' 
 1. 20. iKacTTOvis : see above, § 23. 
 
 1. 23. tiare dKoti€iv : 'so that they could hear' whatever directions 
 their superior officers had to give. 
 
 Tovs 5€Ka8dpxous . . . ?Kao-TOv : observe the apposition. KtXtveiv is 
 governed by kittXfviv. 
 
 P. 13. 1. 2. 4'Xvov iiTwovs: the horses were hobbled to prevent 
 their straying. Cp. iii. 3. 27, TreiroSiafifvovs re yap i)(ov(n roii? iirnovs 
 Itti TaTs ({>aTvai^, Kal ti tis Itt' avrovs 'ioi, 'ipyov fxlv vvktos Xvcrai 'ittttov^, 
 epyov Si x°-^'^'*"^°-h tpyov 5' itriaa^ai, ' for they keep their horses 
 hobbled by their mangers, and if any one attacks them, it is difficult 
 to loose horses in darkness, it is difficult to bridle them, it is difficult to 
 saddle them.' 
 
 1. 3. tppCiTTovv : tossing them off the baggage animals, so as to be 
 ready for use. Observe the imperfects in this passage. 
 
 1. 6. «\djj,Pavov : ' others were .snatching up their valuables in order 
 to carry them off, others were caught in the act of burying them.' 
 
 1. 8. ol'eaGai. Sei : ' you may well imagine.' 
 
 1. 9. ep.dx6T0 : ' attempted to resist.' 
 
 1. II. TTpoaTTeTrfinj/aTO : in English we should use the pluperfect 
 'had had them sent on before.' The middle voice may here either 
 denote that he got the thing done for him or it may mark his personal 
 solicitude and anxiety for the safety of his wives. 
 
 1. 14. Trap' 'EXXT|o"irovTOv : see note on § 23 above. Phrygia Minor 
 {^pvy'ia Tj kXaTTwv or i<p' 'EWrjanovTCfi) was the name applied by the 
 Greeks to the southern coast of the Propontis. Under the Persian 
 kings it became a separate satrapy, the capital of which was Daskylion. 
 See Kiepert, ATanual of Ajic. Geog. p. 69. 
 
 1. 15. irapTJaOovTO : the subject is Croesus and the prince of Lesser 
 Phrygia. Observe the difference of meaning between rjcrOovro and 
 TTvOoixevnt, they sa7i) the fugitives, they learned by enquiry what was 
 going on.
 
 NOTES, IV. ii. §§ 24-37. 99 
 
 1. 17. Kair-n-aSoKuiv : Cappadocia included what was afterwards called 
 Pontus, and embraced the whole north-eastern quarter of the peninsula 
 of Asia Minor. See Kiepert, p. 60. It lies high and has but little 
 fruitful soil, hence its chief productions were cattle, horses, and slaves. 
 Cp. Horace, Epp. i. 6. 39, ' Mancipiis locuples eget aeris Cappadocum 
 rex : ' and Persius, vi. 77, ' Cappadocas rigida pingnes plausisse catasta,' 
 the slave-merchant slaps his fat Cappadocian slaves, who are standing 
 exposed for sale on a rough wooden platform (catasta), to show how 
 solid their flesh is. 
 
 1. 20. -fiv . . . 'Acro-vpucdv: ' consisted of Assyrians and Arabians,' because 
 these, being in their own country, and feeling at home and therefore 
 safe, had slackened speed.' 
 
 1. 22. ola Siq €ik6s KpaTovvras: 'all that it is natural for men to do 
 in the hour of victory.' 
 
 1. 28. CTvv5€Ss(ji.€va : ■ in bundles.' 
 
 1. 30. crTepTiCTec70ai : 'should lose their heads.' 'ZTkpo\iai—egeo, careo, 
 is used as passive for aTfpiaKco or dnoarepw. Beheading appears to have 
 been a common Persian punishment. Cp. Aesch. Persae, 371, -iraai 
 arepfaOai Kparos ^v Trpoicftfj.(vov, where Xer-xes threatens to behead 
 his own men, if they allowed the Greeks to escape at Salamis. 
 
 1.31. -irepucTTaorav : the subject is the Persian infantry, who were 
 armed with the kottis. 
 
 P. 14. 11. 5, 6. o-TTCiJs av Y«voi,To : ' how these might be procured.' 
 oTTcus is here interrogative, hence the dv. 
 
 1. 7. (jieXT|o-€i : for the future, see note on chap, i § 21. 
 
 1. 8. Kai o'irf;s:=aa( (otqi pieXricrfi) onoj?. 
 
 1. 9. Kal Toivtiv: and, this being so, therefore, he perceived that these 
 men must in all probability, /lavc been caught because they would be 
 busy packing up ("A"/"' ''■' ^xti-v =^ -nipi n (Tvni, above, chap. i. § 13). 
 
 1. 1 1. tKT|pv)^€ St) : • accordingly he proclaimed.' 
 TTapetvai: see above, § 19. 
 
 1. 12. e-iriTpo'iTovs : ' the messmen,' ' the caterers.' They were slaves ; 
 hence Xenophon speaks of their SfcriruTdi. 
 
 1. 16. Ka6i5«cr9ai : 'he ordered all those, who had provisions for 
 more than two months in their tent, to sit down,' so that he might see 
 at a glance how many there were. Observe that irKtov (in Comedy and 
 sometimes in Prose Trkfiv) is indeclinable in the sense of ' more than.' 
 The ^ may be omitted. Cp. note on v. 3. 28. 
 
 1. 1 7. TOiiTous €i8€v : supply KaOtaa/xivovs, and after i^tjvu^ ^v repeat 
 rdmTTjSeta icaOl^taOai. 
 
 1. 21. (jii<r€iT€ : as if the subject were vfius instead of nvh vptujv: 
 cp. note on § 24 above. 
 
 PovXoio-O' av: observe d followed by av wilh the optative. 'The 
 
 H 2
 
 TOO XENOPHON, CVROPAEDIA. 
 
 adverb av is sometimes used with the optative in the protasis, but only 
 
 when the protasis is itself at the same time an apodosis, with another 
 
 protasis expressed or implied. This is, of course, no exception to the 
 
 S general rule (which requires in the protasis iav with subj. or d with 
 
 lopt.) ; and it is to be noticed that the av in this case always belongs 
 
 Btrictly to the verb, and never joins the ei to form \a.v. E. g. ei 7« inriht 
 
 \o\)\ov aKparr] S(^aifi(6' av, ttcuj ovk a^tov ainov ye (pv\a.^a(T9ai. toiovtov 
 
 ^€Vfa6ai, if it is true that we 7uould not {even if an opportunity shoula 
 
 occur) receive a slave who was intemperate.* Goodwin, Greek Moods 
 
 and Tenses, p. 107. So here, ' if any of you hate . . . , and would desire 
 
 {if a chance offered) to earn kind treatment at our hands.' 
 
 11. 22-24. SiirXaCTia . . . -i] . . . €TroieiT€ : ' twice as much as you used to 
 prepare.' 
 
 1. 24. oiKtrais: see note on § 2 above. 
 
 P. 15. 1. I. dfAtp-iTTCiis : 'handsomely.' 
 
 1. 6. etriTovSacr|At'vots : ' choicest.' 
 
 1. 13. €1 Tis tvavTiovrai : 'fighting with all who oppose them.' 
 
 1. 14. t|pio-ttik6t€s <})aiv€o-9ai : ' to let them see that we have broken 
 our fast.' 
 
 I. 15. oiTtos p.T| : 'I fear we shall.* See note on chap. i. § 16. 
 
 II. 16, 17. TO . . . «iTt|i,€X-Q0-fjvai, : ' to care for those who are bearing all 
 the danger and toil . . . , this is a feast that will gladden our hearts 
 more.' 
 
 1. 18. Ooivq, like Sai'y, is a poetical synonym for evuxia. 
 
 1. 20. €1 jxTjS' (KEivovs : ' even if there were no need to treat them with 
 proper respect, even then {ovh' ws) it is no time as yet for us to fill 
 ourselves with meat and drink.' The impersonal irpoar)K(i is joined with 
 a negative or interrogative and followed by the genitive case ; e. g. 
 ovSeV HOI TTpoar]K(i t^s alria^ ravrr]^, I have no concern with this 
 accusation ; ri ovv TTpoffrjKet drJT i/Jtol KopivOiaiv ; ' what then have T to 
 do with the Corinthians?' 
 
 1. 23. a.K\i.6.^ei . . . 8€6^€va: ' want more care ikan ever.* 
 
 1. 25. Kal ToiJTOvs : ' and those too.' Lat. cosgue. 
 4>v\ATT€cr0ai is cavcre, <pv\aTTtiv is custodire. 
 
 1. 26. Kal ol TTOtTio-ovTes : ctiam qui parent. 
 
 I. 27. <|)povTiSa: 'who cause us anxiety (because we know not) where 
 they are, or w hether they will stay by us, if they return.' Because many 
 of the cavalry were new allies like the Hyrcanians, or volunteers like 
 the Medes, of whose loyalty to himself he could not yet feel assured. 
 
 II. 30, 31. oTroiov S.V . . . ei't] : not to be confused with uiroiov av ;]. av 
 tit} always belongs to the apodosis. Translate, ' such as ( if we took it) 
 would be.' Cp. note on § 37. where the character of the clause is 
 essentially similar.
 
 NOTES, IV. 11. § 37 — 111. § I. lOI 
 
 P. 16. 1. 3. TOis crvYKaTei,\T)<j)6cri : 'since the booty belongs in com- 
 mon to all who helped in taking it.' 
 
 I. 4. K6p5a\«u)T€pov : ' it appears to me less gainful to appropriate it, 
 than to show ourselves just men, and endeavour, by means of this 
 prize-money, to make them attach themselves to us even more warmly 
 than now.' 
 
 II. 6, 7. TO v€ip,ai . . . i-inrpi\\iai: 'to entrust the di\dsion.' 
 
 1. 12. ravra: 'by giving freely this treasure to gain possession of 
 the fountain from which wealth flows.' Literally, 'the roots from which 
 wealth grows' {(pviTat), like a tree, but the metaphor of the fountain is 
 more familiar to English and is introduced here, at the risk of some 
 confusion of imagery, by the word devaairepov. 
 
 1. 15. dcTKeiv: 'we tr^in ourselves to keep the mastery of hunger and 
 of the greed for gain.' Observe that Xenophon does not contract the 
 genitive plural of nouri^ neuter in -os, as here of tctpSo^. J 
 
 1. 17. awTOis : ' to turn them, hunger and covetousness, to profit.' 
 TToO 8' dv : ' and where we are likely to find a grander occasion for 
 displaying our training I, for my part, do not see.' 
 
 1. 20. Twv 6|xoTi(i.ciJv : 'one of the peers.' See note on iv. 5. 58. 
 Seivov 7dp Tttv : ' yes, for surely it would be a strange thing, if 
 in the chase of a paltry animal we are so hardy, and yet if in pursuit 
 of Fortune itself we should allow any of those passions, which are 
 bad men's masters and good men's servants, to hamper us— I do not 
 think we should be acting as beseems us.' The last words, ovk av . . . 
 TTOteiv, it will be observed are superfluous and disturb the regularity 
 of the paratactic sentence. See note on v. 3. 47. 6\Pov oKov, Fortune 
 as a whole, the prize which embraces all other prizes. 
 
 1. 28. ayt: as in Latin age, is often used in addressing several 
 people. 
 
 1. 29. 'ni^'^ati . . . tKacTTOs : 'send, each of you.' 
 
 P. 17. 1. I . d(j)€i8eo-T€pov T] ws : ' more unsparingly than their 
 masters would have done.' 
 
 1. 3. dp.d|as. afxa^a is a cart for carrying heavy loads, apfjia a war / 
 chariot, d£^£a^ia£a_a Jilted waggon, with cushioned seats, for passengers, '^ 
 especially women anucEITarsnT On his expedition against Greece 
 Xerxes (Herod, vii. 41) nenKPaiveaKe, okcvs ynv \6yos alptot, kic tov 
 appuxros €s appiapa^av, ' changed as often as he thought it convenient, f 
 from his chariot into a tilted waggon.' In days when there were no , 
 carriage-springs the dppiapa^a, with its padded seals and its tent roof, 
 was the most luxurious mode of travelling known, so comfortable that \ 
 it was thought rather effeminate for men to ride in it; see Arist. Ac/i. 68, 
 the ironical description of the hardships endured by the Athenian 
 ambassadors to the king of Persia: «ai 5tjt' irpyx'^l^toOa napd Kavar piov
 
 I02 XENOPHON, CVROPAEDJA. 
 
 ireSlov vSonrXavovvTd (aKrfvrjUivoi «</>' ap/xa/xa^wf /uaKOaKm mraietifAfvoi. 
 Aeschylus, Pcrsac looo, speaks of the ffKrjval rpox-qkaroi of the Persians. 
 The carpcntum (from which comes our word carpenter') and pilentum 
 of the Romans resembled the dp/id/xa^a in so far as they provided for 
 the ease of the passenger, were can-iages and not carfs, and were 
 specially used by wo»icn See Livy v. 25, 'Honorem ferunt matronis 
 habitum, ut pikiito ad sacra ludosque, carpentis festo profestoque 
 utcrentur;' and Verg. Aen. viii. 666, 'Castae ducebant sacra per urbem 
 Pilentis matres in mollibus.' 
 
 1. 15. wo-n-€p : ' as it were,' ' almost.' 
 
 1. 16. €1, as after ^auyud^oi, has here the sense of ot«. 
 
 dK|Ad^€iv jAaWov eavTwv: 'to excel themselves,' 'to be more 
 energetic than ever.' When we desire to compare, not two different 
 persons, but the different degrees in which the same person possesses 
 a given quality at different times, the comparative is used followed 
 by the genitive of the reflexive. So in Antiphon, opw "f^oi^i koX tovs 
 ■navv (fiwfipovT tov dycji^i^faOai noWw x^'pov kavTwv Xeyovras, vrav tv 
 Tivi KivUvcp waiv, 'I, for my part, see that even men, who are perfectly 
 familiar with the law-courts, speak much worse than usual, when 
 they are in peril.' dvdpduTtpos, nXovaiwTfpos, yiyvfTai avros kavrov, 
 'he becomes braver, richer, t/ian ever.' 
 
 1. 17. Iv dpyoTepa X"P<i = 'in a position of comparative inactivity.' 
 1 21. 8aKv6p.«vos . . . ofAus Karcx^pijc : ' vexed as he was . . . neverthe- 
 less assigned a place for the goods they brought,' and did not allow 
 them to perceive his annoyance. 
 
 P. 18. 1. 4. KaTdcrxoip.€v : ' if we can secure the good fortune 
 which is dawning upon us.' 
 
 1. 7. oTTtos 5' dv : ' but how we (and not the Medes or Hyrcanians) 
 can become masters of it, unless {p.-q with part ) we are able by our 
 own strength to gain it, (as we shall not be) unless the Persians have 
 cavalry of their own, this I cannot see.' ovKen, 'no longer,' is often 
 used in this way to bring out sharply the contrast between two things, 
 of which the first is done, clear, possible, true, etc., while the second 
 is not. 
 
 1. II. Kai 5t| : 'well then.' 
 
 1. 16. KivSvvos . . . iraeeiv : 'danger of suffering! So k\ms awefjvai, 
 hope of escaping. 
 
 1. 17. Tuv irecjjvKOTwv Bf'vSpojv : 'than from those things which are 
 by nature trees.' StvSpwv stands in the relation of predicate to 
 iTicpvKOTuv. Cp. i. 1. 3, ouTCds iyiyvwaKopLiv vipi avTwv, tis dvOpWITO) 
 netpvKoTi navTcov rwv dXXojv pqov rj dt'Opdnrcuv dpxeiv, ' that for one 
 who is by nature man, it is easier to rule any other creature than 
 men.'
 
 NOTES, IV. iii. §§ 3-13- 103 
 
 1. 20. vvv : ' as things are now.' 
 
 1. 24. jitTpwdTepov irpos Tip-ds <})povoCvTas : ' not so presumptuously 
 inclined towards us.' 
 
 1. 25. oTTOTt . . . povXoivTO : ' whcnevcr they chose,' the optative de- 
 noting indefinite repetition after a historical tense. 
 
 1. 28. \i-r] ouxi : ' no one would deny that it makes all the difference 
 in the world.' ' An infinitive which for any reason would regularly 
 take fXTj generally takes the double negative (jltj ov, if the verb on which 
 it depends is itself negative. Thus apveirai ixrj dXrjOh ilvai tovto, ' he 
 denies that this is true' (verbs of denying, preventing, forbidding, etc. 
 being followed frequently by /xtj), becomes, if we negative the leading 
 verb, oIk apvehai nf] ovk ehai dkTjOts tovto.' Goodwin, Greek Moods 
 and Tenses, p. 200. 
 
 P. 19. 1. I. tKeivo . . . irws av : 'this, (namely) how it can be done.' 
 
 I. 2. o-Ktil/wneOa is the deliberative conjunctive, 'are we to consider?' 
 Xenophon here represents the Persians as having possessed no body 
 of cavalrj' till now. Herodotus, on the other hand (i. 136), states that 
 every Persian boy (he is speaking no doubt of the sons of wealthy 
 parents) was taught to ride at the age of five. Again, he tells us 
 (i. 133) that on their birthdays rich men provided for the feast 'an 
 ox, a horse, a camel, and an ass, roasted whole in ovens,' so that the 
 nobles must have possessed herds of horses. In the war against the 
 Lydians (i. 80) Cyrus is represented as inferior to Croesus in 
 cavalry, a deficiency which he repairs by placing his camels in the 
 front, because 'the horse fears the camel and carmot endure either 
 its sight or its smell ; ' still he has cavalry such as it is. 
 
 II. 4, 5. iTTiroi ^isv ovTOi TToXXoL : the absence of the article shows 
 that ovToi is subject and 'luiroi predicate ; ' yonder are many horses.' 
 
 1. 5. ocra governed by ixovai ; ' all that horses ought to have, before 
 you can make use of them ; ' guae habcntibzis equis uti oportet. 
 
 1. 6. dWd (iTiv : ' nay further ; ' 7* emphasizes oh. 
 
 1.8. |i€9i€VT€s Kal exovT€s : ' cminus et cominus,' 'to shoot and 
 to thrust.' 
 
 1. 10. oijTcjs T)fji,«T€pov: ' so absolutely our own.' 
 
 I. II. Y<ip '• '110, for.' 
 
 II. 14, 15. (}>paj;6p.€va . . . S€iKvi)(ieva : 'explained'' by word of mouth 
 . . . ^ shown'' by example. 
 
 11. 18-20. o\)t€ 7dp . . . o\5t€ p.Tiv . . . dW otp8t UTiv: 'for neither' 
 . . . 'nor again' . . . ' no, nor yet again.' 
 
 1. 18. uairep: it is a question whether we should say that ovtu ml 
 ■fifuv is to be understood with iLanep, or that the apodosis is introduced, 
 somewhat irregularly, by ly/^fj/ 5e. 
 
 1. 24. xtt^t'f t'' H-*V) XP'HO'^H'-* S' • ' laborious, though useful.'
 
 104 XENOPHON, CYROPAEDIA. 
 
 I. 25. liTiriKT^ 8« : 'nay, riding;' the 8e points the argument against 
 ;^aA.e7rd. 
 
 auToiv TOiv 1T0801V : ' with feet unaided,^ ' trudging on foot.' 
 
 II. 28, 2g. To...crujj.<j)«p€iv : 'that the horse should help to carry.' 
 
 11. 29, 30. ovKovv TaviTo y' : 'it is not then quite the same thing to 
 have and carry ; ' you may have the weapon without carrying it, when 
 it is slung at your saddle-bow. Xenophon is probably thinking of the 
 passage in the Frogs of Aristophanes (vv. 25 foil.). Xanthias is riding 
 on the ass and carrying on his shoulder the baggage of his master, 
 who tries to persuade him that because the ass carries him, he is not 
 carrying anything : — 
 
 AI. ovKovv TO Pdpos T0v9', o ai) (ptpus, ovvos (ptpei ; 
 HA. oil SijO' 7' 6X''' 'I'" ''"' ^^P'^i h^ "^ov Ai', oij, 
 AI. iTOiy ycip <pepets, os 7' avros v<p' irepov (pfpfi ; 
 3A. oiiK old' • o 5' S/pios oi/Toal nti^tTai. 
 1. 30. oye\x.y\v: 'further, precisely that;' the o, explained by /i^... 
 aifieu, is the antecedent to tovto (before diJ.T]xavov), 
 
 P. 20. 1. I . Ka-iretra : the leai is superfluous according to the rules 
 of English grammar. But in Greek this redundancy is not unfrequent 
 in the case of Ka-nura and xSra. 
 
 1. 5. XpvicrdvTas : see iv. 1. 3, above. 
 
 I. 8. voijiijco . . . Y«veo-0ai: see above, chap. ii. § 13. Schneider would 
 read dv ■yeviaOai. 
 
 II. 9, to. t| ia-ov Tto . . . dvOpioTiojv: 'if starting on a level with any 
 man' I can beat him by a head. 
 
 1. II. 4)0do-oi ware dKOVTC(rai..,iTpCv : 'strike him with my javelin 
 before' he gets out of range. <p6dvcv is generally constructed with the 
 participle, rarely with the infinitive, ware might have been omitted 
 without affecting the sense. 
 
 1. 13. €^ 64»6(ds ji.T|Kovs: to catch any one that is within sight, from 
 as far off as the eye can see. 
 
 1. 14. €K x^i-pQ^ iTai€iv, opposed to dHovTi^fiv, cominus and eminus 
 ferire, to stab and to shoot. Cp. Ovid, Met. 3. 118, ' de fratribus unum 
 cominus ense ferit, jaculo cadit eminus ipse.' 
 
 1. 15. coo-TTCp rd loTTjKOTa: two creatures moving side by side at 
 the same speed are 'as if standing still' to one another, while all around 
 them appears to move. 
 
 1. 18. f wov . . . tiTTTOKevTatipovs are in apposition; 'that creature which 
 1 think I have envied most, the Centaurs.' 
 
 el <Y«vovTo too-Te : ' if they really were such creatures as to,' 
 ' creatures that could.' Supply toiovtoi before wart. 
 
 I, 20. ■rra\a^x.aa■Qal : a poetical word. 
 
 II. 21, 22. ouKovv -rrdvTa Tavra : 'Xenophon here again gives a free
 
 NOTES, IV. iii. § 13 — iv. § I. 105 
 
 turn to the sentence, \VTitmg ovkovv wavra ravra instead of ovkovv tovtov 
 Tov (oiov iravra.' Breitenbach. 
 
 1. 25. ptjp-T) : ' by the weight, the rush, of my horse.' 
 
 1. 26. ov <Tvp.'ir€<j)VKu)s 8€5T|croji,ai : '1 shall not be bound to him for 
 ever through the union of our nature.' The Future Perfect often denotes 
 the continuance of an action, or the permanence of its results, in future 
 time. E. g. Thucyd. ii. 64, t^s 5vvdij.ta:s (s dlSLov rots fTrijiyvonii/ois 
 fjLVTjfja] KaTa\(\(iipeTat, • the memory of our power will be left to our 
 posterity for evermore.' Goodwin, Greek Moods and Tenses, p. 43. 
 Cp. also Soph. Ajax, 577, ra 6' dWa Ttvxr] ko'iv ffxol TeOdiperai, 'the 
 rest of my arms shall be buried with me for ever.' 
 
 1. 28. iroXXois is governed by xP^tJ^o'- 
 
 P. 21. 1. 1. iroXXois 54 : again the sentence has been varied at the 
 expense of regularity, nuis avTaiu xpV dnoXavuv being substituted for 
 onws Sfi xprjcrOai, so that ttoWois is left without a construction. For twv 
 irriTOis TreipvKoTuv -qStcov see note on § 5, above. 
 
 I. 4. 8t|ttov0€v : ' I trow well.' The word was regarded as distinctive 
 
 of the Athenians and their way of speaking. Hence in the second < 
 century a.d. it became a great favourite with authors who affected j 
 Attic purity of speech (like the " Marry' or 'Certes' of Scott's mediaeval / 
 novels). In the Lexiphanes of Lucian an emetic is administered to one ' 
 of these pedants whose undigested Atticisms had made him feel very 
 ill. The first word he discharges is nil>v, the nextTrara, the next ^ 6' os, \ 
 then come a/irj'yein], Kwan, and b-qvovOtv. 
 
 II. 6, 7. Ti dXXo r\ . . . Yiyvojiai : no verb need be supplied with ri dWo 
 fj, the phrase having become practically one word by constant use. 
 'So that 1 become nothing less than a Centaur, that can be taken to 
 pieces and put together again.' 
 
 1. 12. dvGpuTTOTj irpooptovra StjXovv : 'sees for his rider and makes 
 known to him.' Observe that Greek does not shrink from joining one 
 common object to a participle and verb which govern different cases 
 The noun is put in the case required by the nearer of the two verbs. 
 
 1. 13. 7pd4)€ Twv : 'write me of them,' 'enrol me among them.' Cp. 
 Horace, Epp. i. 9. 13,' Scribe tui gregis himc et fortem crede bonumque.' 
 
 1. 15. Kal T)p.as Y« '■ ' ^nd us too.' 
 
 1. 17. ois : the antecedent, somewhat irregular, is jj/uDj/ tjs. 
 
 1. 20. avOpwTroi : the article is generic. 
 
 1. 22. xpwvTai : without any dative of the object j ' use it so,' ' follow 
 this use.* 
 
 1. 23. Ik(ov : ' if he could help it.' ^ 
 
 P. 22. 1. r. €^0) |At<rov tjntpas : ' past midday.' The Attic phrases 
 for noon are fitcnj/M^pia, fxtaovaa ^jiipa, or fitaov ■^fj.epas. tiiai] '^{jtipa is 
 later.
 
 Io6 XENOPHON, CYROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 5. avTw: dativiis covimodi, 'if all his men were safe.' 
 
 I. 6. tovIt' €<j)acrav : ' said that they were.' 
 
 II. 6, 7- 8iT]Yo{)vTO a t' tTroiT)crav : the conjunctions couple Sirjyovvro 
 and f/xeyaXTj-fupovf, hence the t< should stand immediately after the 
 former verb. We may suppose that the words tKaara ( fjKyaKrjyopovv 
 are added by a kind of after-thought. Cobet, Novae Lectiones, p. 386, 
 proposes to omit Sirjyovvro. 
 
 1. 7. us dvSpeicos : ' as boldly as possible.' 
 
 I. 10. 8t)\oi . . . i<TTi oTi: 'it is clear that you.' The personal for 
 the impersonal, as in Sikoiu^ tl(ii -noKiv. See note on iv. i. 20. 
 
 avSp€s d.Ya0oi iyivicr^i : see note on chap. i. § 16, above. 
 
 II. II, 12. yopyortpoi . . . ISeic : 'your glance is more fiery io see.^ 
 ISfiv is epexegetic inf 
 
 1. 18. |X€vovatv: ' shall remain at home.' 
 1. 22. TrapaSiSovras : supply T(i 07rA.a. 
 
 I. 24. <j)vXaTT€cr6ai . . . c|>vXdTT«iv : see note on chap. ii. § 40, above. 
 
 II. 25, 26. ov Ycip : as we shall be compelled to do, if we keep them, 
 '/of we do not, I suppose, intend to starve them.' yt emphasises A.t/ta;, 
 bringing ont the implied contrast to other modes of killing. 
 
 P. 23. 1. 10. dW 1] : 'except that,' nisi quod. 
 
 1. 16. p.T)S' c-ira-yY*^^!) • ' that no one may even send you orders to 
 go on service.' 
 
 I. 18. dSoXus: a common word in treaty engagements. Latin, sine 
 dolo malo. 
 
 I. 19. dTro<J)«pa)<nv : bring in as they ought {aTio-). See note on chap, 
 i. § 2, above. 
 
 Kai 8ti : ' immediately.' The phrase seems to denote emphatic 
 assent, 'and so I do.' .So in Arist. Birds, 175, ^Ki\pov kutoi, says 
 Peisthetaerus, and the reply is koI Si) PKfTroj. Connected with this is its 
 use in supposition, nal 5r} TtOvaai (Eur. Med. 387), 'and so they are 
 dead,' ' suppose they are dead.' Hence it passes to the sense of ' already,' 
 ' directly,' ' immediately.' See Soph. Ajax, 49, ^ «at napiaTr/ Hani rtp/x 
 a<piie(T0 ; xat Sfj 'iri Staaais ^v aTparr^yicnv Trv\ais. ' Had he reached his 
 goal ? Yes indeed, he was at the gates, he was already at the gates.* 
 
 1. 20. €tivoiKios is used as the adverb of ivvovs. 
 
 1. 21. Trpd-TTuv Ti Kal SiSdcTKuv: 'treating with us and bringing us 
 information.' 
 
 1. 22. -rrepitif/ofxcv is an Ionic word, 
 
 1. 24. -qv 8' dpa : ' but if I'y any chance.' dpa often introduces that 
 which is against expectation and causes some surprise. See v. 4. 36. 
 
 1. 27. TrpotreKwoiA' : 'did obeisance,' 'prostrated themselves before 
 him.' These servile acts of homage by which the Oriental testified his 
 devotion to his master were ei^ually repugnant to the free spirit of the
 
 NOTES, IV. iv. § I — V. § 4. 107 
 
 Greek, who thought them slavish, and to the piety of the Jew, to whom 
 they seemed blasphemous. Compare Anab. iii. 2. 13, where Xenophon 
 says to his soldiers ov^kva yap avOpojirov 5f anoTTji' dWd roiis Oeovs irpoo- 
 Kweire, and Esther iii. 5, ' And when Haman saw that Mordecai bowed 
 not, nor did him reverence (ov npoaKwei in Septuagint), he was full of 
 wrath.' 
 
 P. 24. 1. I. ojpa 8t| : 'it is /ng/i time.' 
 
 1. 4, ToO triTOv Tov r\[Li<Tvv : observe that ijf^iavs borrows from the 
 dependent substantive its gender and number, e.g. 6 ij/xiavs tov airov, tj 
 ^jxiaua TTjs yrjs, at ^fiicrfiai riuv vewv, and just below roiis rjniatis rwv 
 apraiv. 
 
 1. 6. iTi«iv: 'nor drink.' Xenophon uses the verb here, where below 
 he employs a noun, oipov hi ovk (irffxirov ov^ olvov. The infinitive is an 
 abstract not a concrete noun [drhiking, not drink), and the exact trans- 
 lation here would be ' nor (anything) to drink.' 
 
 1. 7. Bidvext : 'lead them to their several (5/-) tents.' 
 
 1. 9. 7iYvwo"'«eT€ Se : the parenthetic U, ' for you know ' which they 
 are, having formerly occupied a part of the camp as allies of the 
 Assyrians. 
 
 1. II. CTiS: nominative plural masc. and fem. from ffois, safe. The 
 neuter plural is ad. See v. 4. 37. 
 
 1. 1 2. Kol tvOdSe : or if you prefer it, ' there is supper ready for you ' 
 here also in the camp. They could go back if they pleased to their own 
 tents, which, as we have seen, were some distance in the rear, or they 
 could pass the night in the captured camp. 
 
 1. 13. d(x4>6Tepoi: 'both of you.' The Medes with the Armenians 
 are the one party addressed, the Hyrcanians the other. 
 
 1. 15. €v Ti6ecr0€ : oTrAa TtOeaOai is a regular military phrase, equivalent 
 nearly to our ' piling arms.' When Greek soldiers halted or encamped 
 they laid their heavy shields and spears together in some convenient 
 place ready to be caught up at the first alarm, rd oirka is used, not 
 unfrequently, for the spots where the arms were thus piled. Cyrus then 
 is advising his allies to choose their places of arms, their rallying points, 
 with care, lest during the night the prisoners should make an attempt to 
 regain possession of the camp. 
 
 1. 16. 4X0VVT0 : from Kovoj, whicli has the peculiarity of contracting 
 wherever the termination is preceded by o or e. See Neio Phrynichus, 
 p. 274. ^ 
 
 Tiv -ydp ; 7dp here gives the reason of 2. following verb. 
 
 1. 17. (i€TaXap6vT€s : 'having taken clean garments' (^era- of 
 exchange'). 
 
 1. 21. raiJTa tXeyt" : 'meant by this that hunger was their meat, and 
 their drink from the river that flowed by.' 
 
 \
 
 Io8 XENOPHON, CVROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 25. kvkXco = 'round about,' is followed by the genitive, sometimes 
 by nepi with the accusative. 
 
 KpviTT«vi€iv : another poetic (Doric) word. From it is derived 
 KpvTTTiia, the name of the Spartan 'secret police,' which kept watch 
 upon the Helots. 
 
 P. 25. 1. 4. Tovs \ap6vTas : ' those who effected the capture.' 
 oviSt Pov\6(ji€vos : ' not even if you tried would you easily have 
 found a night-walker.' In toi' vopivopivov the article is generic. 
 
 1. 8. T)vi\ovvTO : ' listened to the music of the flute ' (auAos). The 
 middle voice is used of that which a man causes to be done, gets done 
 for himself; hence av\ovp.ai — ' I make people play the flute to me.' 
 
 1. 9. TO. TOiaOra : 'things of this kind,' materials for mirth of this 
 sort. 
 
 y.r\ diropeiv tpyov : ' so that there was plenty of occupation for 
 those who stayed awake.' 
 
 1. 12. tcTK-qvov : see note on chap. ii. § 11, above. 
 
 1. 13. <Ijs i-n' tuTvxia : ' as over good fortune,' 'as one who celebrates 
 a grand success.' 
 
 1. 17. aXXus T€ Kal . . . ciXt]({>6T£s : 'especially since they had cap- 
 tured.' Literally, 'both for other reasons and (chiefly) because they 
 had captured.' 
 
 1. 19. tirl 6upas : ' the gates ' of an Oriental king's palace was the 
 spot where he received the homage of his courtiers, especially in the 
 early morning, where he gave audience, heard complaints, administered 
 justice. Hence at toC ^aaiKiws dvpai is the equivalent of our word 
 'Court.' See the passages quoted in Liddell and Scott, and compare 
 Esther iii. 2, ' And the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed 
 and reverenced Haman ;' Daniel ii. 49, ' But Daniel sat in the king's 
 gate.' Hence the Turkish Court is known as the Sublime Porte. 
 
 1. 2 1 . tvTaiJ6a 8ti : Sj; sums up all these causes of vexation ; ' upon 
 this, I say.' 
 
 1. 22. tPpijjiotJTo : 'was deeply angered.' The root is probably ^pi, 
 seen in PptOvs, BpiOoj, and connected with the ^ap of ^npos. In this case 
 it signifies the weight of resentment. Others, but not so well, connect 
 the word with BpepLOj, and give it the sense of ' snorting with anger.' 
 The compoimd kfiBpipLaaBai is used (Matt. ix. 30) of our Lord 'straitly 
 charging ' the two blind men. 
 
 T<i Ktipcp . . . TM otx^fOai. Verbs of anger take a dative of the 
 person against whom the anger is directed, verbs denoting any strong 
 feeling {anger, Joy, sorrow, shame) are followed by a dative of the thing 
 over or at which the feeling arises. ' He was deeply angered with 
 Cyrus and the Medes, at their leaving him and going away.' 
 
 P. 26, I, 2. fiv H€v Kvpos PotiXT]Tai : ' if Cyrus chooses to return.
 
 NOTES, IV. V. §§ 5-15, 109 
 
 well and good.' \Yhere two conditional clauses, regarded as mutually 
 exclusive, are introduced by et {iav) fih . . . d (edi) Se nij . . . the 
 apodosis of the first may be omitted. The ellipse is easily supplied 
 from the form of the sentence, and it has the effect of throwing great 
 emphasis on the second alternative as that which the speaker chiefly 
 desires to impress on the minds of his hearers. 
 
 1. 4. Kal ircos : observe the particles in this animated piece of dialogue: 
 ' And how (the messenger asks in some perturbation) am I to find them ? ' 
 ' Why, (5€ rebuts the implied objection) by whatever way Cyrus and 
 his army found those against whom they marched.' ' The reason why I 
 asked is that {on is apologetic).' 
 
 I. 10. €m Tovs MtiSovs : 'to recall the Medes.' Cp. Horn. Od. iii. 
 421, «7rt ^ovv iTw, ' let him fetch an ox.' 
 
 1. II. us 4/iX«crcov : 'with the intention of stripping him' of his 
 allies. 
 
 1. 12. Kai...8€: ' a«^ he threatened the messenger ff/j^.' 
 
 1. 17. 8iacrx'-<''6*vT€S : separated from the right road, 'thrown out' 
 of theix route by a certain cross road. This use of diaax^ffGivres is very 
 peculiar, nor does rpi(3os appear to be used elsewhere in this signification. 
 See Bornemann's Note. 
 
 1. 24. Totis jiayovs : the Magi were the priests of the religion of 
 Zarathustra or Zoroaster which was professed by the Medes and Persians, 
 and is still observed by_ the Parsis. Their Bible was the Avesta, 
 consisting originally of twenty-one books, one of which, the Vendidad 
 (Twentieth), is still extant. They taught that the world created by 
 Ahura Mazda (Ormuzd, the Good Spirit) was invaded and marred 
 by the Spirit of Evil, Angra Mainyu ; Ahriman). The conflict between 
 right and wrong, good and evil, will be terminated by the appearance 
 of a Saviour, Saoshyant, when good will prevail, Angra Mainyu and 
 hell will be destroyed, the dead will rise to a new life, and everlasting 
 happiness will reign over the world. The Magi appear to have been a 
 foreign people whose religious ideas were adopted by the Medes. They 
 were held in high honour by the Medes, among whom they formed 
 a separate ylvos or tribe. Eventually they attained to the same position 
 amqpg the Persians, but only after a struggle in which fierce national 
 prejudices appear to have reluctantly yielded to the beauty and sub- 
 limity of their religious teaching. See the interesting preface of M. 
 Darmesteter to his translation of the Vendidad in T//c Sacred Books 
 of the East. 
 
 TO. Tois Osois vo|j.i56p,6va : ' those gifts which the law ordained 
 for the gods in acknowledgment of such blessings.' 
 
 1. 28. oXiyoi . . . <I)S : ' too few to grasp them.' ' The positive degree of 
 the adjective has sometimes a kind of comparative sense, in so far as
 
 no XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 it is implied that the quality denoted by the adjective is too great 
 or to small for a particular purpose. Where this is meant the 
 infmitive follows with or without wy or wan (not ^ u/y or wffT< as 
 after the comparative). Cp. to vSaip ipvxpor wart Kovaaa&ai ecrriu, 
 " the water is too cold to bathe in." rtpoji' (khpos wan ifj-ol ^otjOftv, 
 " he is too old to help me." Taireivf) vfiwv fj hiavoia tyKaprfpeiv oi. 
 (•yvwre, "your resolution is too low to persevere in your determinations." ' 
 Kriiger, Greek Grafn. 49. i. 
 
 P. 27. 1. I. «iT€ Yap : 'for if we do not guard what we win, the 
 fruits of our victories will be lost to us; and if we leave behind 
 detachments of our own peojile as guards over what falls into our 
 hands, our weakness will be immediately shown up.' 
 
 1. 1 3. o,Ti St : ' and what of all this honour and the law require me 
 to send to the Persians, as regards the gods ask my father, as regards 
 the commonwealth ask the magistrates.' The father of Cyrus is re- 
 presented (i. 6. 2) as invested with a kind of priestly character, which, 
 indeed, attached to all the most ancient kings, as, for instance, to 
 Solomon and to Numa. The Persian archons, Xenophon tells us (i. 2. 5), 
 were forty-eight in number, one for each of the four divisions (TrarSfy, 
 ((pT]Pot, Ti\iLoi dvSpes, yfpa'iTtpot) of the twelve tribes, elected by the 
 suffrages of the elder citizens (i. 2. 14). Their office was to dispense 
 justice, and watch over the discipline of the citizens. They were the 
 guardians of the law which the king himself was bound to obey 
 (i. 3- 18). 
 
 1. 16. oiTT-iipas . . . 4>pocrTT)pas : these forms in -tt]p are characteristic of 
 the older Attic, of the Ionic, and at a later date of the Common, dialects. 
 Attic of the best age generally preferred the termination -ttjs. See 
 Cobet, Novae Lectiones, p. 3S8, Nexu Phrynichus, pp. 58, 165. 
 
 1. 20. €V Trao-i : ' before all.' 
 
 1. 23. Kai «i : ' even if.' 
 
 1. 24. -irws XPT- 'how they could,' 'how they were to.' 
 
 1. 25. KaXowTos: 'when he called for them.' Had the dative been 
 used the sense would be slightly different, ' to disobey his call.' 
 
 1. 26. dWojs T€ K.a.1 : see note above. 
 
 1. 28. 0av|xa^(o €1: after Oavfid^w, ei is commonly used where we might 
 have thought on would be more natural. The construction is found 
 in Latin, e.g. Cicero, Laeliiis 15, 'miror, ilia superbia et inportunitate, 
 si quemquam amicum habere potuit,' ' I wonder that one so haughty 
 and cruel could have any friend.' See Roby, Latin Gram , 1757. 
 
 P. 28. 1. I. I'lJAcLs oviK €i5u)S o,Ti TrpaTTOixev : 'not knowing (us) 
 how we are faring.' j)/ioy is the ace. of anticipation, commonly used 
 with verbs of knowing. From an English point of view this idiom 
 anticipates, takes too soon, the subject of the dependent verb and turns
 
 NOTES, IV. V. §§ 15-26. Ill 
 
 it Into the object of the governing verb. From a Greek point of view 
 there is perhaps no anticipation at all, but the dependent clause Timits 
 and explains the accusative, thus oTSa ae, ' I know you,' (not indeed all 
 about you but) oti croipus el, ' that you are wise.' 
 
 1. 6. dXXd p.T|v fj.e(xv|/€u)s ye : he ought not then to be afraid, ' but 
 further how do we deserve blame ? ' 
 
 1. 7. €\) iroiovvTes : 'for doing him a service,' a causal use of the 
 participle. 
 
 1. 8. ouSe ravTa auTop,aTicravT€s : ' and not even that of our own 
 motion.' For, he proceeds, I persuaded him to let me take you with 
 me on this expedition, and you neither desired nor asked leave to come, 
 but were directed by Cyaxares himself to follow me. 
 
 1. 12. oTcp jAT] dx9op,€vc[> €iT] : ' whocvcr did not feel it a trouble to do 
 so.' PovXofj.ii'q!, -^So/xivq), aajxivoj, dxOofiivo) fioi (crrt, 'I am willing, 
 glad, sorrj' to do so and so.' A Greek idiom copied by Sallust, Livy, 
 and Tacitus in Latin. Cp. Tac. Agricola, 18, ' quibus volentibus bellum 
 erat probabant exemplum,' ' those who desired war approved of the 
 example.' See Roby, Latin Grain. 1152. 
 
 1. 14. fj\i\i T« ({>6pca Xt|yovti : 'with the cessation of his fear,' the 
 participle is predicative. 
 
 1. 1 7. T]Toi (laxovfjitvovs Yc : ' either, as is most probable, to fight or 
 to submit.' 
 
 1. 18. oijTco "ydp : 'for if we are seen thus (wy KoXXiara rax^ivras) 
 it is likely that we shall get on farther in what we desire.' Trpoavvreiv 
 is ' to get forward on the road with speed.' 
 
 1. 22. iyd) 8e . .TJSojjiai: ' w/zj/ I am delighted.' The adversative Se 
 because the conduct of the Hyrcanian was better than he had ventured 
 to hope. 
 
 1. 25. crvfi,4>(pci T)pilv Tavixd: 'our interests coincide.' 
 
 1. 28. d-TTOo-TaTTicrei T)p.iv : dativus incotn?nodi, ' may injure us by 
 deserting.' 
 
 P. 29. 1. I. Kai auTos : et ipse, like all the other Medes. 
 
 1. 2. 86s oirou : 'give him (a place) where.' 
 
 1. 4. atiTos': 'of his own free will. 
 
 1. 5. oiTocra «\7rls yivfcrdai aYaGd : ' how many advantages it is to be 
 hoped will accrue.' After verbs of Jiopiiig, expecting, protitising, the 
 aorist infinitive may be used without dV. See Goodwin, Greek Moods 
 and Tenses, p. 33. 
 
 1. 9. 6 5' €is n«po-as itiv : ' the messenger that was going to the 
 Persians.' See above, § 17. Observe that ff/ii has a future sense only 
 in the present indicative. 'iQi, "lai, loiyn, Uvai, Iwv, fill up the places of 
 'ipxov, tpxwfJ-nt, fpx'^'tfiTji', e^x^o't^aj, ipx'^l^^vos, which are not found. See 
 New Phrynichus, pp. 103-111.
 
 112 XENOPHON, Cl'ROPAEDTA. 
 
 1. II. aiToSoijvai : to deliver a letter fo the proper person (aTro-). 
 Cp. the French rciucttrc, the Latin reddere. 
 
 1. 15. xQip'i-v : supply Xt'^n, 'sends greeting,' the usual commence- 
 ment of a Greek letter. The corresponding form in Latin is salutem, 
 to which sometimes the verb is added, salutem dieit. 
 
 1. 20. kq9t|p.€voi : 'remaining inactive.' 
 
 1. 22. tv aKivSvvcp : ' in security.' 
 
 I. 23. 010) ovTi jioi irepl <j\ oios : ' consider how I acted towards you 
 and how you acted towards me, and then see how you blame me.' 
 Three questions are involved in this one sentence. ota» is governed by 
 fieiJL(pei. wipl Tiva yiyvtaOai followed by an adjective is ' to behave towards 
 anyone in such and such a way.' enfiTa denotes some inconsistency 
 between two actions. ' I treated you with scrupulous respect, you made 
 but a shabby return, and then you turn round and find fault with me.' 
 
 1. 26. ev TT) 4)iXia : ' in friendly country.' 
 
 1. 27. ocrovs 8wacr06iT)v: the optative because the relative is virtually 
 equivalent to a hypothesis ; ocroi/s = it rivas. 
 
 P. 30. 1. I. Tov etXovTa: 'anyone that likes' to obey your call. 
 
 1. I. Kal yap oxiv : (it is vexatious) 'for indeed.' In Kai . . . ovv, 
 dW' ovv the ovv = profecto. 
 
 1. 2. dji.<j)OT«pois : to you individually and to those of your subjects 
 who followed me. 
 
 1. 6. irefiTrujv cttC : see note on § 12, above. 
 
 1. 8. o-ol \)Trdpx«i-v : ' that they should be at your service, not just so 
 far as they please, but in any way that you like to make use of them.' 
 
 1. 12. dTreiXovvra : 'to summon with threats' 'under pain of your 
 high displeasure.' 
 
 4)dcrKovTa fpT|(iov eivai : when a king complains that all his servants 
 have deserted him he virtually threatens them all. 
 
 1. 14. orav Tdxicrra: ' as soon as ever,' nbi priinum. 
 
 1. 15. dv belongs to Y«v€<r6ai, 'when we have attained those objects, 
 the accomplishment of which we think will be a common gain to you 
 and to us.' 
 
 1. 16. tppojiro : vale, ' farewell,' the usual tennination of a Greek 
 letter. 
 
 L 17. r\ Y«-YpaiTTai <jv\^^a.^\. : ' see that your word, tally with what I 
 have written.' 
 
 L 18. Ktti ^Ap : ' and (you can do this with perfect truth) y^r.' 
 
 1. 20. otPTcj airevStiv (ocTTrep oiSev : 'to hasten as he knows,' 'as one 
 who knows.' 
 
 1. 75. d-irfJYov . . . d'n-t<})€pov : 'were bringing in.' cItto- as before, of 
 doing what they had been ordered to do. 
 
 P. 31. 1. I. oTToerujv fxiq : 'all they did not need themselves.'
 
 NOTES, IV. V. §§ 26-43. 113 
 
 1. 7. Kaivd Yap : ' for our present circumstances being unfamiliar are 
 in disorder, many of them.' 
 
 1. 9. irpdYnara iraptx^iv : ' cause trouble.' 
 
 €cos dv x<»>pttv XdPx] : ' until they are put in their proper places,' 
 ' reduced to order.' 
 
 1. II. dvSpes eir'aiPTOis: 'men in charge of them,' the fmrpoiToi of 
 chap. ii. § 35, above. 
 
 1. 12. iroia TOiirtov tKacTTOV terriv : 'which of them belongs to each 
 of us.' 
 
 1. 14. ov -irdw . . . TToWoOs : ' not very many.' 
 
 1, 1 7. Tovs v-n-T]peTT|(T0VTas : ' people to serve,' ' servants.' 
 
 1. 18 oiK€iTai . . . KaXus : 'is made comfortable.' 
 
 1. 19. oipS«v dXXo . . . 1] . . . elSevai: 'nothing more is requisite than 
 that he who has received it should understand.' 
 
 1. 21. €is €vS€6|i€va Tov : 'into quarters that lack something,' 'less 
 comfortable quarters.' The general indefinite neuter plural ecSeo/iei'a is 
 fixed to the meaning of a ieni by the verb KaTiaKTjvrjae, 
 
 1. 23. Kal xd irspiTTd : ' and there will s^i// (when you have done this) 
 be much left over and above.' 
 
 7r\€ia) Ydp airavra r\ Kard : ' for there was more of everything than 
 enough for.' Kara, ' in accordance with,' quam pro nuiltitiidine nostra. 
 
 1- 25. xP'HK-dTuv Tap,iai : 'treasurers,' who had received taxes for the 
 King of Assyria or his vassals, and would now be required to pay the 
 money over to the conquerors. 
 
 1. 28. oTTov dv KaOtftjaOe : ' wherever you may be encamped.' 
 
 1. 31. TO SiirXotiv : ' twice his usual pay.' 
 
 iva tx^Te : ' that you may all have whatever you still need and 
 wherewith to buy.' otov is the genitive of price. For the future see 
 note on iv. i. 21, above. 
 
 P. 32. 1. I . TT|v dyopdv . . • (ji.t| dSiKeiv : ' that no one injure the market.' 
 
 1. 2. KT]pv|dTa): 'let the herald proclaim.' The subject is frequently 
 omitted with this verb and aaX-ni^aj ; cp. Anab. i. 2. 17, \-ni\ (ad\iny^(, 
 ' when the trumpet sounded.' 
 
 1. 4. irpdo-Lfiov : observe that the verb of selling has for its present 
 TroiXtai. for its future and aorist aTToSwaofiai (^irajXrjaoj is rare and as an 
 Attic form doubtful), airilon-qv, and for its noun and adjective irpdais and 
 npaainos. 
 
 SiaOep,«vovs : ' and when they have disposed of these goods.' 
 diaOiaOai, ' to place in different persons' hands for one's own advantage,' 
 is used of devising property by will, hence 5ta9r]icTj a testament, or, as 
 here, of selling goods by retail. 
 
 1. 5. oiKTJTai : ' may be supplied with necessaries.' 
 
 1. 7. dvtw aoO : ' without your help.' 
 
 I
 
 114 KEN OP HON, CYROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. lo. tm iToo-i . . . iroptivai : * to be present at everything' that has to 
 be done. 
 
 1. II. dpK«cro) TTpctTTojv : ' shall be competent to do.' Literally, ' shall 
 suffice doing.' Here again, as in S'ucai6s tif^i ttokiv, the Greek prefers tlie 
 personal to the impersonal construction. Cp. Soph. JJax 76, tvSov 
 dpneiToj fxfvwv, ' let it suffice that he remain within.' The same principle 
 is at work in the use of the participle after (paivoftai, alaxvvoixai, etc. 
 
 1. 13. irpciYiJiaTa €X°'-M'*^ °^^ • 'what course would give us more 
 trouble and fewer results than this.' 
 
 1. 14. 6pdT€ . . . vji€ls : ' do yoii see to it.' opav as in § 3, above. 
 
 1. ly. 01 St : ' and others,' as if ot p.iv instead of oaoi had preceded. 
 
 1. 20. dvajApdrovs : ' without riders.' 
 
 1. 21. irpd-yp.aTa iraptlovcriv tinjj.f\€CT9ai : 'will give us trouble to 
 look after them.' The phrase irpdyfiaTa irapexm' regularly takes an 
 infinitive ; cp. Plato, Phacdo, p. 115 A, hoKU. yap 5^ jUKtiov ilvai \ovaa- 
 Htvov nifiv t6 (papnaKOv Kai p-i) wpaypara rais ywat^l Ttapfxnv vtKpov 
 \ovuv, ' for it seems clearly better to bathe before drinking the poison, 
 and not give the women the trouble of washing a corpse.' See Cobet, 
 Novae Lectioncs, p. 393. 
 
 1. 24. oI(TTi<Tiv &v SoiTjTS : ' to whom you would give them,' if you 
 had the chance. See note on iv. 2. 41, above. Here the meaning of the 
 relative with av and the optative is rendered very clear by the actual 
 insertion of the protasis t'l tl Stoi after ptO' Sjv av Kiv5vvevotTe. 
 
 1. 26. el . . . fi.v Poij\oiff0€ : 'if you would desire;' again there is a 
 suppressed protasis. See note on iv. 2. 37, above. 
 
 1. 29. JIT) Tl irdOTjTe : ' lest you should meet with a reverse.' 
 
 1. 30. ovi irap'tip.ev oirovnrep v^xeis : ' because we were not at your side.' 
 
 P. 33. 1. I. kS,v |j,€v 5oKi[x€v : 'and if we think that we can aid 
 you more effectually by fighting along with you upon their backs, as 
 cavalry {ovtoi, in this way, repeats W avrivv) we will not fail for want of 
 courage. ' 
 
 1. 3. -rrejoi y«v6(X€voi : ' by turning into infantry.' 
 
 1. 4. €v |X€(Ttp: in the middle and so • easy,' ' the work pf a moment,' 
 in proinptu est. 
 
 1. 5. jxT)xavT)o-6fA€0a : 'we will contrive to find people' to hold the 
 horses while we are fighting on foot. 
 
 1. II. dYaG-QTvixTi . . . Y«voifi69a : ' may good fortune attend upon our 
 turning into cavalry.' 
 
 L 13. t|T|YwvToi: i^rjyovpai, firjyr)TTjs are specially used of the priest 
 or prophet who interprets or expounds the will of the gods. 
 
 1. 15. Kal o'i: the Medes. 
 
 1. 19. dn€(iTrToi;s : 'make these Medes, who followed me as volunteers 
 thoroughly well content, as far as you can.'
 
 NOTES, IV. V. §§ 44-58. 115 
 
 1. 21. TOVTOvs: the Hyrcanians. 
 
 1. 22, -yevoiJievot : 'that they may think they came to a happy 
 resolution when they became our friends.' 
 
 veijiaTc 8€ irdvTtov : ' and give his due share of everything also to 
 the envoy of Cyaxares.' 
 
 1. 2 7. vjitov KaXus KaT«aK€vaaji€vo)v : ' whatever remains over when 
 you are amply provided.' 
 
 1. 28. (idXa utDs : ' certainly, if I may say so ;' the ttcus slightly soften- 
 ing down the /xaKa, which by itself might seem a little boastful. 
 
 1. 29. x'^pi'i'i-'^'^s ■ li'^s ^ X'*'/"''''?^ o"" countryman, in simple, rustic, 
 habits. 
 
 1. 30. irepiTeOtiT) : ' if we were to clothe ourselves in anything grand.' 
 But TrtpiTiOTjixi is used here in its metaphorical sense, in which a man is 
 said to 'clothe himself in' anything that he takes upon himself, honour, 
 power, and so forth. 
 
 P. 34. 1. I. eirl Tris ytjs KaTaTriiTTOvTes : 'falling to the ground 
 and lying there,' a f regnant use of km. See note on chap. i. § i, 
 above. 
 
 1. 6. K\-rjpcoo-a[i.«vovs : 'having received by lot an equal number 
 of grooms for each division.' The words might also mean 'having 
 received by lot a number of grooms equal to that of the soldiers in each 
 division,' according as we connect iKaarois with laovs or with KXrjpwaa- 
 pLtvovs. 
 
 1. 8. dvtiireiv: 'ordered the herald to proclaim;' see note on § 42, 
 above. 
 
 1. II. PePiaajxtvos : ' forced into the service from any other country.' 
 
 1. 14. viro4>«pfiv : ' to carry their master's arms,' vtto- = in subordi- 
 nation. For the shields and swords were to be used, not by the men 
 who carried them, but by the Persians in case they were obliged to 
 dismount and fight on foot. 
 
 1. 16. o-irvecTTifjcrev : 'he introduced them to the captains.' awiaTr)fx.t, 
 to introduce or commend a stranger ; hence the phrase avaraTiKal 
 i-niaroKai, ' letters of introduction,' 2 Cor. iii. i. 
 
 1. 17. rd Y*PP*- ^^'^ shields, the swords, the corslets, which formed 
 part of the equipment of every Persian soldier. 
 
 Tas »|;iXds fiaxaipas : 'the naked swords,' unsheathed and ready 
 for immediate use. Breitenbach. Perhaps rather 'the swords alone,' 
 the swords but not the ^vara. Dindorf {Stephanus) gives both explan- 
 ations. 
 
 1. iS. oir<os iyifi\T(.% Tots iir-irois tirwvTai : 'that they might carry 
 them behind the horses.' 
 
 Td'inTT]5€La . . . Xafxpdveiv : ' to draw rations.' 
 
 1, 20. auTous : the Persians themselves. 
 
 I 2
 
 It6 X en op HON, CYROPAEDIA. 
 
 '. 21. -iTOiciv KaT'iipxsv : 'set the example' 
 
 1. 2 2. «m hi Toijs irefovis : 'and over those peers who still served on 
 foot he ordered each officer to appoint some other peer as captain in his 
 own place.' Each ra^is of Persians would consist henceforth partly ot 
 mounted, partly unmounted men. It would be divided practically into 
 two battalions, each of which would need an officer of its own. The 
 peers were those Persians who had gone through the discipline appointed 
 by the state for the TrafSes and e<pr]Poi and were now dvSpfs Ti\eiot (see 
 note on § 17). They alone were eligible to magistracies and commands. 
 Poor parents were not able rpHpnv rovs -nalbas dpyowras (i. 2. 15), and 
 their children belonged to an inferior class {drifioi). Disfranchisement 
 might also be the penalty of disobedience (i. 2. 14). See Introduction. 
 
 P. 35. 1. 9. TO -yevos : by race, is the limiting accusative. The 
 accusatives of fiefeOos, fiiJKos, tvpoi, 0a6os, TrKrjdos, dpi9/x6s are commonly 
 used in the same way. 
 
 1. II. i-napx(j3 is the proper word for one who rules as governor, 
 satrap, vassal, not as independent sovereign. 
 
 i-iTTrov : always feminine when used in the collective sense. Cp. 
 Thuc. i. 62. ^, T^i' napd TlepSiKKov SiaKoaiav 'imrov. In the same way 
 dffrris is used for ' a body of hoplites.' 
 
 1. 13. T«9vT|K€v ■£)<}>' vfxujv: 'was slain by you.' See note on iv. i. 8. 
 
 I. 14. dvT|p ciYaOos oSv : 'fighting bravely,' 'sword in hand.' 
 
 1. 18. TTOuovfiai : 'adopt.' 
 
 airais 8' etp,i : the parenthetic St, 'for I have no son.' 
 
 1. 20. uo-irep dv : 'with that honour by which the son makes his 
 father the happiest of men.' The sentence which follows is designedly 
 somewhat irregular, in order to depict more clearly the agitation under 
 which Gobryas labours in telling the tale of his wrongs. 
 
 1. 23. [>.(ya 4)poviI)v : 'with pride.' 
 
 1. 24. oTi BfjOev : ' because as I said to myself.' 
 
 1. 26. dvels auTw: 'having given him permission to do his best in the 
 chase.' 
 
 P. 36. 1. 3. ws utittot' uj4)€X€v : ' would to God he had not.' The 
 sense of ovSiv 5eov is much the same. In Seov we have an instance of 
 the accusative absolute, a common construction for participles of 
 impersonal verbs, e.g. S(ov,npoa^Koy, w, i^uv, irapuv (it being necessary, 
 Siting, allowable) ; elprjixevov, irpoaTaxdiv (it having been said, com- 
 manded), etc. 
 
 1. 5. dviaOfis dpa: 'being vexed as it sce7ns^ dpa is often used ot 
 that which is more or less surprising. The king ought not to have 
 been vexed at his failure, after he had himself challenged the other to 
 do his best. 
 
 KaT«o-x«v xiTTo cKOTov) : 'buried in darkness,' 'smothered.'
 
 NOTES, IV. vi. §§ 1-8. 117 
 
 1.8. KaT«ip7(lcraT0 : 'slew.' Cp. Soph. Trac/i. Xog4, tie/xeas tvoiKov 
 . . . \eovTa . . . KaTdpyaaaaOf. 
 
 1. 9. ■'Apa : ' Have I not ? ' ' See I have.' 
 
 1. 15. tt)\iko{)tos <2v : 'buried, old man that I am, my noble and 
 best beloved son with the first down on his lip.' dyanTjros reminds us 
 of Homer Od. ii. 365, /xovvos euv dyaTrrjTui. Throughout the passage 
 Xenophon has given a poetic tinge to the diction {Kariffxty vt^o ckotov — 
 KaTfipyaaaro — dipi'iKiTO rf)v xpvxrjv — vfKpuv di'Ti vvfx<piov) which suits 
 well with the tragic pathos of the situation. 
 
 1. 17. [j,eTa|ji€\6}ji,€vos 4)av€p6s eyeveTO : 'displayed any repentance.' 
 
 1. 18. Tov Kara yt)s : again poetic both in word and sentiment. The 
 murderer should at least have paid to his victim such honour as befits 
 the dead, such libations and sacrifice as Clytemnestra offered on the 
 tomb of Agamemnon. 
 
 Y€ p.Tiv= 'however \n.% father.' ye emphasises 6 irar-qp, while ni}v 
 points the contrast between the conduct of the father and that of the 
 son. See note on v. 2. 25. 
 
 1. 21. tm Tw «K€ivov) KaKco : 'toith a view to his hurt.' 
 
 1. 22. «ira6ov is used in Greek of good treatment as well as of bad. 
 
 1. 25. €w otS' oTi is parenthetical and does not affect the construction. 
 
 1. 26. us . . ix*^ • 'how I feel towards him.' 
 
 us . . 8iaK€t|Aai : ' in what a plight I am,' ' how dark my lot which 
 in the past was so bright.' 
 
 1. 27. «pir)|jios fiv Kttl Bid irevOovs: 'bereft of my son and passing my 
 old age in mourning.' See this use of 5(d illustrated in Liddell and 
 Scott. 
 
 1. 28. el . . . 8€X«>- ""ii . • • XdpoijjLi : ' if you receive me (as I thinU you 
 will) and I can find (as I hope I may).' 
 
 cXirlSa dv Tvx«iv Ti(xcopias TraiSi : observe the constructions. IXttj's 
 takes regularly the future infinitive or aorist infinitive with av {av might 
 be omitted, see note on chap. iv. § 25, above) ; 7rai6/ is dativus commodi, 
 ' for your son.' 
 
 1. 30. ovre fuv : ' neither if I live should I continue to live in shame, 
 nor if I die do 1 think I should die with sorrow.' 
 
 P. 37. 1. 2. i]viT«p Kal <|)povuv (jjaivT) : ' if I find that you really 
 mean.' koX >ppovwv, not only saying but also meaning. See note on 
 iv. 21. Obser\-e the difference between <paiv{i (ppovujv: 'I see that you 
 mean,' and <paiv(i (ppovtiv, 'you appear to mean.' 
 
 1. 3. Tijiup-qcrtiv crou tov TraiSo, : ' to get vengeance for you for your 
 son.' Tifxojpuv is a verb of somewhat complicated construction. It 
 involves three objects, the ilead man who is revenged, the living who 
 are gratified by vengeance, and the imirder. 
 
 We may say ri/itupa) aoi tov rraiSo?, the genitive being analogous to
 
 Il8 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDTA. 
 
 the genitivus criminis (cp. Xen. Auah. vii. i. 25, tow irapSvTai ttjs 
 i^awaTTji Tifjiwp7]aw(x(da, let us punish those who are present for the 
 deceit) or rifxaipio tw waiSl tov (p6vov, where the dead son is regarded as 
 pleased, as gaining by, the vengeance. 
 
 1, 12. YdfJiov (I)paia : 'ripe for marriage,' the genitive of respect or 
 relaiiott. 
 
 1. 13. fjioi: the dative of interest, instead of the accusative required by 
 iKfTivaf, gives a free poetic turn to the construction, yowfievr] again is 
 a poetic word. 
 
 1. 16. ^ovXivcrao-dai . . . ^ovXivoiv : the middle, ' to form a resolution,' 
 the active, 'to give advice.' 
 
 1. 18. tirl TovTOis . . . d\T)0€vo(i«vois : 'on the understanding that 
 what you say is truly spoken.' 
 
 1. 21. (xovra xa oirXa : 'retaining his weapons,' see § i, above. 
 
 1. 22. Jjs atiTov : 'to his dwelling-place.' 
 
 1. 23. TTJ Irspa : ' on the next day.' 
 
 1. 24. -qYefiova : ' a guide.' 
 
 1. 25. tcjjacrav . . . €g€X€iv : 'said that they had chosen.' 
 
 P. 38. 1. I. TT)v Sovo-CSa -ywaiKa : see v. i. 2, below. Susa, the 
 Shushan of the Old Testament, derived its name from the li/ies that 
 abounded in its neighbourhood. It became afterwards the capital of 
 the Persian Empire. It was here, ' at Shushan in the palace, which is 
 in the province of Elam ... by the river of Ulai,' that Daniel saw his 
 vision of the ram and the he-goat, symbolising the destruction of the 
 Persian monarchy by Alexander the Great. 
 
 1. 5. TTavxa -ydp TJv iroXXd, : 'for there was abundance of everything.' 
 
 1. 9. TO v6(iLcrjji.a : 'the coined money,' referring to chap. v. § 40, 
 above. 
 
 1. 12. 8ia\aP6vTas : 'receiving amongst them.' Sia- of distribtiiion, 
 one man was to take charge of one thing, one of another. 
 
 1. 1 4. deC : see note on iv. 1. 2, above. 
 
 1. 15. Kal jJiT|v: which may generally be rendered 'and further' 
 is sometimes used very nearly as koX Stj of emphatic assent. Thus in 
 Arist. Pht/. 41 2, where Blepsidemus says, /xrj vw Sidrpi0', dw'dvve Trpdrraiv 
 (V ye Ti, ' do not delay now, but do something or other as fast as you 
 can,' the reply of Chremylus is Kal fir/v ^aSl^cj, 'you are quite right, 
 I go.' We may perhaps translate here ' Thank you, Cyrus.' 
 
 1.16. €cnr«pas : ' yesterday evening.' 
 wv by attraction for as. 
 
 P. 39. 1. I. 814/u) x<ipf?«o'^tti : 'thirst to oblige you.' This meta- 
 phorical use of the verb hi\pw with an infinitive is poetical. Plato 
 however uses it in the same sense with a genitive. Rep. 562 C, ttoXis 
 iKivQipias Ziip-qaaaa, ' a city thirsting for freedom.'
 
 NOTES, IV. vi. § 9 — V. i. § 3. HQ 
 
 I. 4. TT|v o-to\t|v tStoKe Tiriv Mi]SiKT|v: the incident is narrated i. 4. 26. 
 The Medic robe was a long garment of silk reaching do\v-n to the 
 feet and falling round the person in many deep folds. It was worn 
 by the king and given by him as a gift of honour to those on whom he 
 wished to confer a high mark of his favour. A similar robe, called 
 ca/ifan or ca/a^, is still bestowed in the same way by the Shahs of 
 Persia. See Bahr's note on Herodotus iii. 84, and compare the 
 ' vestures of fine linen ' given by Pharaoh to Joseph, Genesis xli. 42 ; 
 and 'the royal apparel which the king useth to wear' with which 
 Ahasuerus invested Mordecai, Esther vi. S. 
 
 1. 7. avTTi T| yvvn] : ' this ivomaii was wife of Abradatas ; ' the pre- 
 dicate Tiiife must be supplied. The story of the love and death of 
 Pantheia and her husband Abradatas king of Susa forms the most 
 beautiful episode in the Cyropaedia. Xenophon has given free play 
 to his imagination, entering boldly upon the ground of pure romance, 
 and has produced a picture of noble conjugal love worthy of Euripides 
 in his loftiest mood. In the present passage he shows us, in dramatic 
 style and -with exquisite art, the surpassing beauty of Pantheia, her 
 modesty, her affection for her lord. She is beloved as a sister by 
 her handmaidens, she wins the heart of her guard Araspas by the 
 sweet courtesy which she bestows upon him as upon all who approach 
 her. The story is completed in Books vi and vii. Touched by the 
 generosity of Cyrus, who shielded her from insult and respected her 
 purity, Pantheia persuades Abradatas to join the Persian army. On the 
 morning of the decisive battle against Croesus she decks her husband 
 with her own "hands in armour of gold and a tunic of purple reaching 
 down to the feet. Abradatas tenderly rebukes her prodigality, telling 
 her he fears she has broken up all her jewels to adorn his coat of mail. 
 'Nay,' she replies, 'if others see thee as I see thee, they will know that 
 my most precious jewel is still left.' And brilliant as Abradatas was, 
 ' no man turned to look upon him till Pantheia had gone.' Abradatas 
 died gloriously in the thick of the fight, thrown from his chariot by 
 the boimding of the wheels as his horses galloped on over heaps 
 of slain. Pantheia like a true wife, stricken to the heart yet faithful 
 to the last, bore the mangled corpse from the field of battle to the 
 banks of the Pactolus, and 'sat there upon the ground holding his 
 head upon her knees,' till all the preparations for the funeral rite 
 were completed. Thither came Cyrus, bringing rich gifts to the 
 memory of the dead, and offering to escort her safely to any place 
 she might choose. ' Fear not,' she answered, ' thou shalt know 
 what refuge I seek.' Then, when all was ready, she plunged a 
 scimetar into her bosom and died, ' laying her head on the breast 
 of her husband.'
 
 I20 XENOPHON, CVROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 14. lopaKas 8': ' -u/Ziy, ha.\-e you seen?' the 5* introduces a kind 
 of half-objection. 
 
 1. 1 7. Kal 8-qTa : STJTa has here a very slightly inferential force, 
 ' and so' ' and to tell you how it happened: 
 1.18. 8u'yvcojjl«v : 'could not distinguish her.' 
 1. 20. Kal Toivuv: ' and accordingly ;' see iv. 2. 35. 
 
 opioiav Tats SouXois = o/iotai/ t^ toiv Sov\wv taO^Ti. 
 1. 23. K€Ka\v(jitx«vTi : ' completely veiled.' Observe the different steps 
 by which her beauty is revealed. At first they could see only the 
 outline of her figure. 
 
 1. 26. Tu p,6-y€0€i : ' in stature.' Xenophon is thinking of Penelope, of 
 whom Eurymachus says (Homer, 0<l. xviii. 248), -ntpUaai ywaiKoiv ddos 
 T« fxe-ffOus T6 (56 (ppfvas fv5ov licas. 
 
 TT) dp€Tfi : ' her noble air.' From the same passage, Evpvfiax, 
 ^roi ffiTjv dpfTTjv erSus n Sepias re wKeaav dOdvaroi. 
 
 1. 27. tv TaiT€ivtp (TXTiixaTi : 'in lowly guise.' axht'-o.- habitus, of 
 dress. 
 
 1. 28. 8T)Xa 8' Tiv aiPTfj Kal to. SaKpua o-Tai^ovTa : ' you could see her 
 tears also trickling do^vn.' For the construction, see iv. 6. 5. 
 
 P. 40. 1. 3. Kal Tov crov av8pa : 'thy husband also,' as well as 
 Cyrus who is in the speaker's mind. 
 
 1. 4. ovT€ TO eiSos x*ipovi ovTS TT)v YvtI)fAT)v : see note on iv. 6. 1, 
 above. 
 
 1. 6. €1 Tis Kal dWos dvT|p, Kal Kvpos : ' Cynis if any man,' ' Cyrus 
 as much as any.' For the nai before Kvpos, which, according to English 
 idiom, is redundant, see note on iv. 2. 1, above. 
 
 1. 7. is ouv : 'when I say,' referring back to the words tuy 5' 
 tjplSjv. 
 
 1. S. TOV dvco0€v iT€TrXov : ' her upper robe.' ntirXos is a poetic word 
 used by Homer of women's raiment only, though later poets do not 
 observe this limitation. She rent the inaTiov but not the X'-'''^^> ^^en 
 in the depths of her sorrow remembering the dignity that befits a 
 matron in the presence of men, like Polyxena Kpinrrova' a Kpvmuv 
 6pLp.ar dpaivuv XP^^^"^ Eur. Jlec. 568. Men naturally were less guarded 
 in this expression of sorrow. Cp. 2 Kings vi. 30 : ' And it came to 
 pass when the king heard the words of the woman, that he rent his 
 clothes . . . and the people looked, and, behold, he had sackcloth within 
 upon his flesh.' 
 
 1. 10. 8p.a)ai : a poetic word. 
 
 1. 13. (XT)7ra) 4iOvai p,T]8« Y€v«o-Oai : 'never yet to have come to life 
 nor to have been born of mortal parents.' An unusual collocation. 
 In general, when (pvvai is contrasted with yevtaOai the former signifies 
 ihe growth of plants, the latter the birth of animals.
 
 NOTES, V. 1. §§ 4-II. 121 
 
 1. 14. iravTus : ' by all means.' 
 
 1. 16. Ti SaC: a colloquial exclamation expressive of wonder or 
 curiosity, ' Why in the world ? ' 
 
 1. 21. KaOrjuTjv : ' I should sit' at her feet, idling away the time that 
 should have been devoted to business. 
 
 1. 23. oi€i Yop : a strange thing to say '/or do you think.' 
 
 1. 24. a.va.yKa.liiv is governed by iKavuv tlvai, and in its turn governs 
 irpaTTHv. ' Do you think that any human beauty is so fascinating as 
 to compel a man against his will to violate duty and honour ? ' 
 
 1. 25. €1 p,€VTOi: 'whereas if Nature had ordered this so.' /ieVrot 
 points the argument against the view which he supposes Cyrus to 
 hold. 
 
 1. 27. 'iT€<|)VKe Yap TOiovTOv: 'for that is its nature.' 
 
 tpioo-i: 'men love.' If beauty attracted by a physical law in- 
 dependent of the will, everybody would love every beautiful face, 
 as every magnet draws to itself all iron. 
 
 P. 41. 1. 2. 7ap : 'and the reason is that.' 
 
 1. 3. avTiK* : ' to begin with,' ' to take the first instance that offers.' 
 ouK Ipd d.S€X4)os d5€\4)fjs : observe that Ipav is not used of love 
 without passion ; the parent, the brother, the friend (piXovcriv dW ovk 
 kpwaiv. Schneider however remarks with truth that the marriage of 
 brother and sister was not unknown in Persia and Egypt, especially 
 in the royal houses. See Herod, iii. 31, and Arist. Frogs, S49. And 
 Sarah was the half-sister of Abraham. See Introduction. 
 
 1. 4. dXXos Be TaiJTr]s : ' some one else,' who is neither brother nor 
 father, ' loves her.' 
 
 1. 6. ei St Y* • ' yes, but if a law were made that those who do not 
 eat should not feel hunger,' it would be of not the slightest avail. Law 
 cannot check the operation of natural forces ; it can interfere only with 
 actions that depend on free will. But it can check love, therefore 
 love must depend on free will. 
 
 1. 7. piySiv : infinitive of pi'yuQ}. iSpooj and virvdoj (Pierson's Moeris, 
 p. 339) exhibit the same anomalous contraction. 
 
 1. 8. SvvrjGeiT] : elsewhere Xenophon uses tSvvaffOrjv as the aorist of 
 Swapuu. See Cobet, Novae Lectiones, p. 390, and note on iv. 2. 1 2. 
 
 1. 9. ire4)VKacri Kparcio-Oai : ' it is their nature to be mastered by 
 these influences.' 
 
 1. II. yo^v introduces a particular instance as a proof of a preceding 
 general statement. ' But love is voluntary. At any rate, every man 
 loves the things that fit him, as garments and shoes.' 'Epai/, when used of 
 inanimate objects, means ' to covet! T(i Kaff lavT(5i'=' things that are 
 like him,' that fit his measure. Vap-iiv Ka9' eavTuy is ' to marry a wife in 
 one's own rank of life,' an equal. Here the neuter plural of the article
 
 122 XENOPHON, CYROrAEDTA. 
 
 gives the phrase its wiriest sense. Every one loves the woman that 
 may be his wife, as he desires only the coat that fits him. 
 
 1. 13. «paa9-iivai the aorist is ' to fall in love,' ipav the present 
 « to be in love.' In prose the verb ' to love' takes its present and 
 imperfect from kpaoo, all other tenses from epafxai. 
 1. 14. KXaovras tiiro XvTr-qs : ' weeping for pain.' 
 
 1. 15. Kal jxdXa vo|jii5ovTas : ' though they know full well (koi fiaXa^, 
 before they arc in love, thai slavery is an evil.' 
 
 1. 1 7. wv ovp Pf \tiov o-T«p«o-Oai : ' which they can ill dispense with.' 
 1. 20. irapexouo-i {)Tn]p€To{)vTas : ' at any rate they lend their aid 
 to their loved ones in many a freak.' 
 
 1. 23. dXXd KaC : imo vcro, 'nay, they even keep watch and ward over 
 their darlings to prevent them from running away.' 
 
 1. 25. iroioOcrt -ydp : you are right 'for they do so,' 'yes, they do so.' 
 It is true, says Araspas, that love has in some cases this tyrannical 
 power, but this does not prove your assertion that love acts by physical 
 constraint, and is not amenable to the control of will. The man who is 
 maddened by love is the same man who under other circumstances 
 would be maddened by the desire of money, and would rob to get 
 money. You punish the robber. Why ? Because he was not obliged 
 to rob. You might with equal reason punish the lover, because he is 
 not obliged to love. Hence you have not made good your point, and I 
 still maintain that love is voluntary. 
 
 1. 31. crti -irpuiTos: 'you, the king, first of all.' The king being the 
 fountain and champion of the law. 
 
 P. 42. 1. 3. [levToi : ' it is clear.' The two senses oi /xevToi are very 
 closely allied, opposition being the cause of distinctness. 
 
 1. 5. dvOpioma: 'creatures,' the diminutive having a contemptuous sense. 
 1.6. KuireuTa: 'and then' though the fault is all their own. See 
 note on iv. 5. 29. 
 
 1. 10. lopaKus Kai 5ogd(TT)s : ' though I have seen her and though 
 she seemed.' 
 
 1. 12. edxTov dirfjXOes: 'perhaps you came away in less time than it 
 takes love to truss a man up.' auffKeva^faOai is ' to pack up,' ' to tie 
 up in a bundle,' hence ' to make a helpless captive of.' Cyrus retorts 
 upon Araspas. Your exception proves nothing. You did not give 
 love time to act, or it would have caught you as it catches all. 
 1. 16. tKcov €ivai : ' if 1 can help it.' 
 
 1. 18. €ov TT|v 6»|;iv 6iaTpip€iv : 'to suffer your gaze to dwell upon 
 the fair.' 
 
 (is TO irOp : for love is more dangerous even than fire. Fire hurts 
 only those who touch it. Love kindles its flame in those who gaze 
 from afar.
 
 NOTES, V. 1. §§ 12-24. 123 
 
 1. 20. aiOeo-Oai : a poetical word. 
 
 1. 24. ev Kaipcp yiyvicr^ax : to be serviceable. 
 
 1. 27. Ka\T|v by its position is predicative. 
 
 P. 43. 1. I. €iri(j,€\o[ji.€vr]v 810. : 'taking care of him l>y means of her 
 own slaves.' 
 
 1. 3. cLs |AT|Sev6s av Seoiro : ' that so he might want for nothing." 
 The particle dV is sometimes joined to a;y, ottcus, o(ppa in final clauses, 
 but more frequently with subjunctive than optative. Goodwin, Greek 
 Moods and Tenses, p. 69, thinks that it adds nothing to the sense that 
 can be made perceptible in English. But Kriiger (54. 8. 4) points 
 out that the addition of av marks the purpose as conditional, as 
 depending upon the action of the main verb for its realisation. We 
 may express this modification of the sense by the English particle so. 
 
 1. 6. €9«\ovTas : from iOtKovr-qs. 
 
 1. 9. vp.ds : the so-called accusative of anticipation. See note on 
 iv. 5. 20. 
 
 «piot . . . tjxoi . . . «|A« . . . sfjioi : the pronoun is emphatic. 
 
 1. 14. €1 }iT| dSiKu : ' as I am an honest man.' The phrase is used by 
 Plato, Kep. X. 60S D, and elsewhere. 
 
 1. 16. TO 8' 'Edv fAevT]Te : ' t/ie 7uords if you remain,' &c. The neuter 
 article, turning into a substantive the whole clause to which it is 
 prefixed, marks it as a quotation, and serves the purpose of our inverted 
 commas, but with greater effect and distinctness, inasmuch as it addresses 
 the ear as well as the eye. 
 
 1. 18. €OiK«vai XsYo^Ti : ' I think myself like one saying,' ' I think 
 this like saying.' 
 
 1. 20. €7(1) 7<ip : "yap is frequently so used where the speaker actually 
 begins to say what he has led the hearers to expect that he will say. 
 Here it characterises the following words as the explanation of rdSf 
 'this, namely.' 
 
 1.24. ■n-po8i8ovs dXucrojjiai : 'will never be taken in the act of 
 betraying.' 
 
 1. 26. \Lr\ }ji€Ta|i€XT](Tai. FuPpva ttjs 68ov : 'to act so that Gobryas 
 shall not repent of his journey.' ixeTa/xcXTjcyai is impersonal. A similar 
 construction is familiar in the English of the Bible; cp. Genesis vi. 7, 
 ' For it repenteth me that I have made them,' where me is the old 
 dative. 
 
 1. 27. TO \iiyi(TTOv hr\: 'above all.' to nejicTTov is an adverbial 
 accusative. Similar are tu avfiitav, 'on the whole,' Tov\ax>-OTOv, 'at 
 least,' TO (vavTiav, ' on the contrary.' 
 
 P. 44. 1. 3. owcos -yLYvwo-KCTe : 'as you judge right.' 
 
 1. 4. ti-iraTt : see note on iv. 2. 20. 
 
 1. 5. 6 (j)T|o-as iroTc: see note on iv. 1.22.
 
 124 XENOPHON, CYROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 6. dXX' t-yu) }Ji«v : the constriKMon is interrupted by the emotion of 
 the speaker ; cp. above, iv. 6. 3. The words ' O my king ' are no mere 
 form to Artabazos, at so critical a moment as this they stir feelings that 
 must be expressed before he can say anything else. Hence the verb to 
 which iyw belongs is only found in § 26. 
 
 1. 7. <j)iJo-6i TT€4)VKtvai . . . <})v6(A€vos : the tautology is intentional for 
 the sake of emphasis. Cyrus is one of Nature's own kings, one of those 
 royal spirits to whom men gladly and instinctively yield obedience. 
 
 1. 8. 6 TiYtjxajv: the king-bee (cp. Verg. Georg. iv. 67. 91) is really 
 the guecn-hee, the mother of the whole swarm. 
 
 1. II. S€iv6s Tis sptos : 'a marvellous yearning.' Seivos of the 
 wondrous power of natural instincts, cp. Aesch. Prom. 39, to ^v^-^ivk^ 
 TOL Setvuv Tj 0' oixiKia. Septan c. Tlieh. 1031, ^nvhv to kolvov airKayyyov 
 ov iT((pvKafj.(v. Soph. £L 770, 5f ivuv to riitTfiv iaTiv, 'wondrous is the 
 power of a mother's love.' 
 
 1. 1 2. Kai Trpos o-€ S« : ' yes, and towards you,' answering to (Keivw re 
 above. 
 
 1. 13. irapaTrXtjcricos ■nois 8iaKetcr9ai : to have the same kind of feel- 
 ing, 'to be drawn by a similar instinct.' 
 
 1. 15. diT€X6i<t)6T) TO H.TJ dKoXov9€iv: a frcqucnt construction after 
 verbs of negative result {Jiindering, forbidding, denying, &c.). Breiten- 
 bach points out that, as ave\(i(p9i] is preceded by an interrogative, 
 Xenophon might have written to jj.?] ovk d,Ko\ov6eTv. 
 
 1. 16. diT«crTp€i|;€v : 'called us back.' 
 
 1. 20. us = wan. 
 
 1. 21. ofjicos 0appov|ji€v : 'even though we are in an enemy's country, 
 still we are not afraid.' The sense of though, which resides in the 
 participle, is taken up and strengthened by oiiais. 
 
 atiTol epov<7iv : 'will say for themselves what they mean to do.' 
 
 1. 24. 6piivT€s . . . €u€pY€Tovip.€voi : ' will cndurc to behold such a 
 captain as you, and patiently submit to your benefits.' So Schneider. 
 Taken in this way the words of Artabazos form a sort of itapa TrpoaSoKtav, 
 by which the compliment to Cyrus is enhanced. Perhaps this is a little 
 too artificial and rhetorical, and it would be better to translate ' so long 
 as we can see you we will endure and bear all hardships, because of your 
 goodness to us.' The emphatic ae seems to point to this interpretation, 
 which is favoured also by the order of the words. 
 
 P. 45. 1. 2. T] 7dp «|/uXTl : for my mind is not fitted for council but 
 for action. 
 
 1. 5. Saijiovos : ' I should say thai it was the spite of Fortune to 
 prevent you from becoming highly fortunate.' Sai/iaiy commonly of the 
 Genius who watches over men and sends them good or evil fortune ; cp, 
 Pindar, /yth. v. 123, Aios tvi voos /xfyas Kvlifpva Baifiov' dvdpuv (pihwv.
 
 NOTES, V. i. § 24-ii. § 7, 125 
 
 1. 7. dvOpcj-irivT) 8e •Yv<»>tJi.Ti : oppOF~d to Sa'ifiovo? em0ov\r]v. ' But as 
 far as human wit can guide him.' 
 
 1. 16. viKTjo-ai (16 iv iroioiivTa : 'that I may surpass in generosity." 
 
 1. 18. d(ji4)' atiTOvs tXi^v ■ ' to set guards and provide henceforth for 
 their o\vn security.' The Persians were no longer to guard the whole 
 camp at night, see iv. 5. 3, above. For the phrase ex*'" <^/*<?'' '"'> see 
 note on iv. i. 13, above. 
 
 SiaXaPelv : see note on § i , above. 
 
 1. 20. oijTaj KaTao-nqo-QcrGai. : ' to arrange matters so.' 
 
 1. 21. irdvTa TCI 8«ovTa is object to both Troiom-Tes and (pepcoatv. 
 
 1. 22. T€9«paiT€U[X€vovs : 'groomed and fed.' 
 
 P. 46. 1. 3. ol t'xovTSS : see iv. 5. 57. 
 
 1. 8. €|u : on the flank and so ' outside ' of the line of march. 
 
 1. 12. ws dv KpdTio-ra d-rro[jLdxoiTO : ' SO that he might fight from the 
 ramparts to the best advantage.' See note on chap. i. § 18, above. 
 Perhaps here the ws is not really final but = in that way in which. 
 
 1. 17. ovTti) 8t| : ' upon this then.' 
 
 1. 18. aipto-ijiov: 'open to assault.' Cyrus himself thought it as 
 well to ascertain this, in case Gobryas should prove false. 
 
 1. 20. io-xvpoT«pa r\ ■npoa-tXdilv : ' too strong to approach.' Usually 
 ^ o/j or oKXTf. Cp. note on iv. 5. 15. 
 
 1. 22. oo-a i-n' dvSpioircov Ytvedv \j.-f\ dv €iTiXi'ir€iv : 'as would not run 
 short, would amply suffice, for a lifetime.' offos, olos, when they involve 
 the sense of ware are followed by an infinitive. 
 
 <Ls o-<|)i<ri 8oK€iv : infinitive in relative clause of oblique oration. 
 
 1. 23. €v <|>povTi8i Tiv: 'was perplexed to know what these things 
 meant.' 
 
 1. 27. €1 Ti ppuTov : ' all kinds of provisions.' 
 irdvTa LKavd : ' sufficient of each.' 
 
 P. 47. 1. 4. oTTojs vo[ji,igoi. dcrcjaaXtcTTaTOv : 'in whatever way he 
 judged safest.' 
 
 1. 6. ovTws: 'with this precaution,' resumes the participle Trpoeiff- 
 
 1. 10. d(x«Tpovs Tivds: 'a countless pile of darics.' The daric was a 
 gold coin worth about a guinea. It bore the figure of a king crowned 
 and holding a bow, hence the jest of Agesilaus ' that the Persian king 
 had driven him out of Asia with thirty thousand ro^urai,' meaning that 
 that number of darics had been spent in fomenting the troubles that 
 caused his recal to Greece. It is doubtful whether the Persians had a 
 gold coinage in the time of Cyrus. If the daric was so named from 
 having been coined first by Darius Hystaspis, its mention here would 
 certainly be an anachronism. But the word may be derived from dam, 
 ' a king,' or it may be a relation of the Greek SpdxA"?.
 
 126 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 -iravTa KaXa iroXXa : ' all kinds of treasure in great store.' 
 
 1. II. Seivov Ti KcLXXos : 'wondrous tall and fair.' In English we 
 could say 'a beauty,' but we have no similar word for ixiftQos (see 
 above, v. i. 5). Cp. Soph. O. T. 1396, koAAos KaKwu vTrovXav. 
 
 1. 12. irevOiKus €Xovcrav tov : 'in mourning yi?;' the death of her 
 brother.' The genitive of the object is common after verbs expressive 
 o[ son-oia. Observe that the participle is here predicative and maybe 
 rendered in English by an abstract noun. 
 
 1. 15, Kai TTpoaOcv : 'we beseech you, I indeed (besought you) before 
 also.' The reference is to iv. 6. 2. 
 
 1. 18. crol p,€v: the natural antithesis would have been ravrr] 6«', 'to 
 thy daughter,' but Xenophon wrote vvv dt instead of xal vvv, and then 
 felt it better to use nal ravrri. 
 
 1. 19. dvJ/eviSoijvTOS crovi : = eiri tovtois d\r]Ofvofiivoii, iv. 6. 10. 
 
 1. 20. opai 6c|)€iXa)v : ' I see that I owe.' 
 
 1. 25. dvTi ToviTou otp crv (AOL 8c5(opT]crai repeats the sense of dvO' ov, 
 and slightly interferes with the construction, but so as to give increased 
 force to the asseveration of Cyrus. ' I shall carry away from you a gift 
 in place of which not all the wealth of Babylon — no, not all the wealth 
 in the world would send me away so glad at heart as what you have 
 bestowed upon me.' The careful student will soon be able to discern 
 that what is called anacoluthon has a purpose and has limits, the 
 purpose that of bringing out with more flexibility the varying shades ot 
 thought and feeling, the limits those of perspicuity and taste. 
 
 P. 48. 1. 2. OTi: 'it is this, that,' &c. 
 
 1. 7. irpiv S-qXoi 7tYv€cr9ai oloi r\crav : 'before the world has dis- 
 covered what manner of men they were.' 
 
 1. II. Tzipi ^svovs : the preposition has its common sense of behaviour 
 ai>ou^ or towards a person. 
 
 1. 12. o-vv0T)Kas i|/<vS«(T0ai : 'to violate a compact.' 
 
 1. 16. p.T| 4)opov (Ls : tl>o^fia9at /xtj is the regular construction. 
 
 1. 21. oviSe [xiKpov: 'who do not admire you one whit the more for 
 the wealth you offer.' 
 
 Yev€<r9ai iroTt €-in8€i|aa0ai. : ' that they may one day have a 
 chance of showing.' 
 
 1. 25. «i (ATI Tis 0e6s pXaTTToi : 'unless a God baffles them.' A 
 Homeric phrase; cp. Horn. Oi/. 1. 195, dKKd w tuv 76 Oiol P\dnTovcn 
 
 Kt\(V0OV. 
 
 Svptov : Syria, in the Greek use of the name, embraced Palestine. 
 It would include the wealthy cities of Damascus and Palmyra. Jeru- 
 salem had been laid waste by the Babylonians. 
 
 1. 26. otiS' &v . . . irpotXoivTO : they would not choose wealth instead 
 of fame, they would not barter courage and glory for wealth.
 
 NOTES, V. ii. §§ 7-16. 127 
 
 1. 29. Y«^ao-as: a touch of character serving as introduction to the 
 narrative of the next paragraph. Gobryas is a man of noble nature' 
 spoiled by luxury and self-indulgence. To him chivalry is an appanage 
 of wealth. He laughs with amazement, not untinctured with scorn, 
 when brought into contact with men of the true knightly character, who 
 having valour and swords are yet simple in their habits of life, and would 
 rather be poor than suffer the slightest stain upon their honour. 
 
 1. 31. iraiSA |xoi yiviaQai is epexegetic, 'that I may ask thee for one 
 of them, in order that he may become a son to me.' 
 
 P. 49. 1. I. fi.v aw Tj^Aiv i'lrT) : eneaOai, dKoAovOeiy fiera tivos or avv 
 rivi of slaves accompanying a master, soldiers a general, &c., where 
 there is some bond of union or common purpose between the two 
 parties ; 'iinaBai, aKoKovOilv rivi of walking behind, pursuing, following. 
 See Cobet, Variae Lectiones, p. 22. • 
 
 1. 7. KaraKXiveCs : KaraKKiOiis, though sometimes found in MSS., is 
 not Attic. 
 
 1. 12. 01 ye : quippe qui. 
 
 1. 13. tifiiv : observe that, where to a relative clause a second clause is 
 united by a conjunction, the relative is dropped. If the subject of the 
 second clause is in the nominative case, it is omitted, if in an oblique 
 case, the demonstrative or personal pronoun is used. Cp. Soph. Ajax, 
 
 457:- 
 
 Kat vvv Ti XP^ dpdu ; oarts i^npavws 9(ots 
 i)(daipofiai, fxiaii St fi 'E\\t]vc)jv arparos. 
 See Kriiger, Greek Grammar, 60. 6. 
 
 cvvaC : 'places where a man can lay himself down.' 
 
 1. 14. oo-tt . . . dviTjcTL : 'all that mountain or plain makes to spring 
 forth,' grass and leaves. 
 
 1. 17. cr4)ds : ' himself and his countrymen.' 
 
 1. 20. 6)ji|xacnv sKTreTrX-riYiAcvos : ' for over no kind of food or drink 
 will an educated Persian allow himself to be seen gloating with eyes, or 
 greedy hands, or mind, so as to be less clear-headed than if he were 
 not at table.' The use of apnajfj, where we might have expected x^poif 
 to match o/xfiaaiv and vw, is peculiar but expressive. Not hands only, 
 but greedy hands that snatch, ixr] ovx'i, because the preceding words 
 virtually signify ' will not allow himself to be prevented.' The verb of 
 prevention is followed by ^^ with infinitive, and when itself negatived 
 by y.'fi ov. Cp. note on v. i. 25. The description of Xenophon is singu- 
 larly unlike that of Herodotus (i. 133), who lepresents the Persians as 
 greatly addicted to the pleasures of the table, very fond of l-ni<poprjy^a.ra 
 (tasty dishes, sweetmeats), and accustomed to deliberate twice about 
 every weighty matter, once when diunk and again when sober. I5reiten- 
 bach further points out that the picture here drawn of a Persian meal
 
 128 XENOPHON, CVROPAEDIA. 
 
 bears a striking resemblance to the description of the Spartan (pfiSirta 
 given by Xen. t/i: A'f/. Laced, v. 6, and Plutarch, Lycurg. xii. 
 
 1. 23. ol iir-iTiKoi : 'good riders.' 
 
 1. 25. <}>p6vip,oi : the nominative referring to the main subject is not 
 iinfrequently retained even where hilv or XP^""' ^^^ intervened. So 
 Demosthenes has TrfnoiTjKa rovr' eyw' Sio (pTjjxi Zuv avTus arifpavovaQai. 
 See Kriiger, Greek Grant mar, Iv. 2. 
 
 1. 28. awTuiv <I)S tir-qpuTtov : the genitive depends on the substantival 
 clanse. Breitenbach quotes Mem. i. i. 12, ical irparrov fxiv avrwv kaKo-nii 
 ■n-Srepa . . . (pxoyrai. Hellcn. vii. 5. 8, e-rraivoj avrov on . . . firoi-qaaTO. 
 Thuc. i. 68. 2, Twv Ki-j6vTwv . . . l-mvouTe ujs . . . ki-fovat, which we might 
 translate ' you used to suspect the speakers' saying.' So here ' he per- 
 ceived about them the fact that they asked,' ' their asking.' 
 
 P. 50. 1. G. nT)8€v6s . . . irap'aTiOecrOai : ' that no one thought it 
 right to have set before himself more than anyone else of those,' &c., 
 where ixTjSevos nKf'icu is a condensed e-xpression for /x'q TrXeico 7] d'XAai rivL 
 
 1. 8. Tovs crvfifi,ax«cr6ai (leXXovras ; ' brothers in arms.' 
 
 1. 10. 6au[jia|;(o el : see note on iv. 5. 20. 
 
 1. 16. oTTojs iTap€cr€L: ' see that you are here.' 
 
 1. 18. oirtos av : ' that so we may know.' See note on v. i. 18. 
 a T€ Set <})i\ia Kai. iroXtp-ia, the second a is omitted. 
 
 1. 28. iv . . . Seio-Gai : ' what he thought he needed to learn.' naOetv 
 is the epexegetic infinitive. Breitenbach quotes a parallel passage from 
 the Anab. v. 4. 9, r'l rjuwv derjcxeade \pr)aaa6ai ; ' what service will you 
 want from us ? ' 
 
 P. 51. 1. 2. opu Yap: yap refers chiefly to the word -maTois. I am 
 sure you are to be trusted, for you have much more need to dread the 
 Assyrian than I. 
 
 1. 6. dXXoTpia Y'-Yvojjieva : ' all you have will pass to other owners.' 
 
 1. 7. troX(|xios but not tx^pos, hostis not inimictis. 
 
 1. 1 1, irepaivetv o,Tt fjicXXci : ' they bade him in reply speak out what 
 he means, for, said they, we know this full well and are deeply anxious 
 about the future.' For p.kKov, see note on iv. 6. 3. 
 
 1. 1 7. Ka8otJ<noi : a non- Aryan (Mongolian) tribe inhabiting the 
 mountain slopes to the S.W. of the Caspian and their continuation 
 along its southern shore. They served in the Persian armies as mer- 
 cenaries, being in great request as slingers and bowmen. Kiepert, 
 Manual of Ancient Geog. p. 45. 
 
 SdiKai, like 2/ci!0ai is a name used generally to denote the nomad 
 Mongolian tribes of Asia. See Kiepert, p. 15. 
 
 ■ye }jLT|v : ' and so are the Sacae too, our neighbours.' Here again 
 ii.r\v marks an emphatic addition, and the idea of contrast disappears. 
 Contrast the usage of these two particles in iv. 6. 5.
 
 NOTES, V. ii. §§ 17-34. 129 
 
 1. 21. Kal o-(j)68p' dv : supply -qhius im^TJuai: 'they would eagerly 
 join in the attack, if by any road they could join their forces to ours.' 
 
 1. 22. €v (At'o-o) To€ crvufii^ai : 'in the way of their joining us.' 
 
 1. 25. Ti Yap : yap is often used in questions asked with some eager- 
 ness and surprise, referring back to some feeling of the speaker which is 
 not directly expressed. Here Cyrus seems to catch at the word Assy- 
 rians ; they are the very people who are most likely to furnish him with 
 allies. ' I have it ; ' we might render, did you not charge the new king 
 with a great deal of cruel arrogance?' The construction is KaTrjyopeis 
 i/TTiprnpaviav tov veavlaKov. 
 
 P. 52. 1. 6. uo-Trep tov Jjaov : ' as mine was ; ' notice the attraction 
 after wcnrep. 
 
 1. 13. €5 |x«v ovv oi8a : 'think! nay, I kmw it full well,' /xev odv 
 ( = two vero) confirms and extends a preceding statement. The student 
 will however observe that, in very many cases where this collocation is 
 found, the ow merely continues the narration, while the fitv answers to a 
 following Si. Notice the position of the subject, '((p7], olSa, 6 TcoBpiias. 
 Breitenbach quotes Oecon. vii. 16, t'l Se, i^p-q, upas, rj yvur/ ; and Cicero 
 Bruttis, § 91, ' Quid igitur, inquit, est causae, Brutus?' 
 
 1. 16. irap' avTT)v tt|v Ba^vXciva : 'close along by Babylon,' 'right 
 under the walls of Babylon.' See the distinction between itapa and Trpos 
 very clearly brought out below, § 31, and again Chap IV, § 44. 
 
 1. 1 8. €^e\6ovcrav dv : the addition of dV gives to the aorist very nearly 
 the sense of the future participle. 
 
 1. 19. TToXXaTrXao-iav TJs : ' many times as great as that which.' ^s 
 (= TauTTjs fiv) is in the genitive because of the comparative force of 
 itoKKa-nKaa'iav . Cp. iv. 2. 37. 
 
 1. 21. d'n'0(|>«povcri . . . dirdYoixn : see note on iv. 4. 35. 
 
 1. 23. to-irapTai ttoXvs : 'has been widely disseminated.' For this 
 predicative use of -noKhs compare the phrases o irorafids iroXiis pet, 6 
 dvf/xos iroXiis irviT. 
 
 P. 53. I. I. irpos avTT|v Ba^vXtivo :_ ' marching right up to Babylon ' 
 as if to attack it. 
 
 1. 4. p.Ti opuvTss p.«v otiv : ' if then they do not see us, but think that 
 we have hidden ourselves through fear of them,' the antithesis to nfj 
 opwvTfi fxiv is found in rfV b\ rj5r] iaififv. 
 
 1. II. €Tri.8e5€p,evovs : 'with their wounds still bandaged,' 'not yet 
 healed.' 
 
 1. 14. 01 TToXXol dv6puiroi : 'all large bodies of men when they are in 
 good heart display a spirit which is irresistible.' The article here is 
 generic, whereas generally in the phrase ol ttoWo'i it distinguishes the 
 majority, the many, from the few. 
 
 1. 1 8. Xoyuv . , . xpup.dTa>v . . . irpocrwiT'jjv : their terror is increased by 
 
 K
 
 130 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 the timid speeches they hear, the white cheeks and frightened faces they 
 see on every side. 
 
 1. 22. ouTov: that is tov (p60ov. But the object of Trpoadyovra and 
 aTrayayuvTa is to be found in ot woWot dvOpaiiroi. 'So that, by reason 
 of the height it grows to, it is not easy to quell it with words {aiirov 
 ought to follow otiTe), nor, when you are leading the men against the 
 enemy, to put spirit into them, nor, after you have drawn them off, to 
 nurse up their courage again. 
 
 1. 25. tKeivo : 'this,' referring to what follows. 
 
 1. 26. «i jitv Yap. ' that is to say if;' -yap introduces the explanation 
 of i/teivo. See note on v. i. 21, above. 
 
 1. 28. oiroTepoi. : ' of that one of the two sides which.' 
 
 1. 30. Sua T0V3 eu |j,axop,€vous ; 'the decision of battles is c>w/«^/<j those 
 who fight well.' 
 
 P. 54. 1. 6. (jieifoves : ' we are bigger than we were.' See iv. 4. 3, 
 above. 
 
 1. 8. \x.r\ -ydp tri dTijxafe : ' for you must no longer disparage.' 
 
 1. 10. t-rrovTai crijv : see note on v. 2. 13, above. 
 
 1. 12. ■yopYOTcpoL : see iv. 4. 3, above. 
 
 1, 15. evQv Ba^vkCivos: 'straight towards Babylon.' Cp. Thuc. viii. 
 88, 6 n€V dpa'i fvOv T^s <i>af7j;A(5os ical Kavvov avm tov ttKovv (ttoiuto, 
 ' sailed up the river straight for Phaselis.' See also Cobet, Novae Lee- 
 tiones, p. 387. See Preface. 
 
 1. 18. Karea-TTjcre : the infantry, and as much of the cavalry as he 
 thought necessary, he caused to march in regular order under his own 
 command ; the rest of the cavalry he threw forward to scour the 
 coimtry m advance. 
 
 1. 23. KaTaK€KvXi.CT|jitvoi : they had not yet learned to sit their horses 
 properly. 
 
 P. 55, 1. 7. Tu «vp0vis (jjavepol tlvai : ' because everyone would 
 see at once that we endeavour.' For viKav eS iroiowTd, see note on 
 V. I, 29, above. 
 
 1.9. tTj-rfvovv . . . tvsKa>p.ia?ov ; ' praised and glorified.' Aristotle dis- 
 tinguishes these two words, EtJi. A''/c. i. 12. 6, o fiiv ydp (vaivos ttjs 
 dpfTfjs . . . rd S' tyicwfiia tSj-' 'ipyoiv. praise is of virtue, implies moral 
 approbation, while encomium is of actions, of dazzling achievements 
 which men applaud, glorify, celebrate with panegyrics, without neces- 
 sarily approving of them. Observe that eyKwuid^oj, though a derivative 
 verb, takes the augment of a compound. 
 
 1. 12. SapeiKwv fiecTTOi : 'with pockets stuffed with darics.' 
 
 1. 19. uo-rrep ot€ -q fidxT) t|v : in the same order in which //ic battle of 
 Book iii, had been fought. 
 
 1. 23. auTos ; Gobryas is ordered to say, ' If you will come out and
 
 NOTES, V. ii. § 34 — iii. § II. 131 
 
 fight I, Gobryas, ^vill join you and fight on your side ; if you dare not 
 defend your country', you must allow me to obey those who are the 
 stronger.' 
 
 1. 26. Seo-TTOT-qs : the language is purposely made as bitter and in- 
 sulting as possible. 
 
 P. 56. 1. I. els TpiaKO(TTT|v f)ft«pav : 'on the thirtieth day.' Cp. 
 § 27 below, (h Tpirrjv. Arist. AcJi. 172, tovs QpqKas dmevat, Trapiiuat 
 5' fis iVTjv, ' let the Thracians go away and come back the day after to- 
 morrow (or on the last day of the month).' 
 
 1. 4. €^ otp : ' ever since.' 
 
 1. 8. p.€VTOi almost converts a question into an affirmation. ' Did you 
 not say — of course you did.' See Stallbaum's note on Plato, J\ep. 339 B. 
 
 1. 9. Tov «KTp.T]9€VTa : see chap. 2. § 28. above. 
 
 oi€i dv yevto-Oai : ' think that he is likely to join us.' 
 
 1. 10. \ilIv o\iv : see note on chap. 2. § 29, above. 
 
 1. 13. TTOiei oTTOJs eiSfJTe : 'take measures to find out what he says 
 himself Gobr\'as is to approach Gadatas with 'caution. First he is 
 to find out what he really thinks and says, then if his sentiments are 
 favourable, he is to seek a private interview and tell him what Cyrus 
 would like him to do. The plural «i5^t€ is difficult after the singulars 
 irpoaiOi and iroUi. The text is not certain. Breitenbach reads oiro;? av 
 avTol av \eyri elbfjTf, 'see that you alone know what he says.' What 
 Gadatas says is to be kept secret between the two. But though 
 this avoids the awkwardness of the plural it does not seem quite 
 satisfactory. 
 
 1. 15. oTTcos XaOt] : 'that his friendship for us may remain a secret.' 
 
 1. 19. Kai [A-qv : ' I assure you.' 
 
 Kav irpiatTO : he will not only accept your offer gladly but ' would 
 even give money for the power to do some great harm to the present 
 king.' 
 
 1. 21. Kai T)iAas : but this must not be left entirely to Gadatas, 'we 
 too must consider what service he might render.' For o,ti av SvvaiTO, 
 see note on iv. 2. 41, above. 
 
 1. 23. irpo T-qs x^pO'S : for the defence of Assyria. 
 
 o 4)aT€ : no such statement has been made in the text, the words 
 are thrown in here as if referring to some unrecorded conversation 
 between Cyrus and Gobryas. 
 
 €iTiT€ixiS«i.v is used of building a fort to bridle or overawe a district 
 or people. One of the most famous instances of eiTiTfix^aiJ.6s is the 
 castle of Deceleia built by the Spartans in the later years of the 
 Peloponnesian War as a thorn in the side of Athens. 
 
 1. 24. TTpopoXov: to the Assyrians the fort would be 'a breakwater' 
 on which the tide of invasion would spend its force in vain. 
 
 K 2
 
 13a XENOPHON, CVROPAEDIA. 
 
 P. 57. 1. 2. airofjidxoiTo : 'and he were to fight me off.' This 
 verb was used in a different sense, chap. 2. § 2, above. 
 
 1. 4. ToiJTOvis: see v. 2. 25. 
 
 1. 6. eiri crTpa,Ttu|ia : see note on iv. 5. 31. 
 
 1. 8. irpoo-iroiTjo-aiTo -irapeivai : ' were to pretend that he had come.' 
 
 1. 10. irapeit] : from irap'fqui. 
 
 1. 13. €ik6s yovv: 'at any rate it is like enough (the verbal notion 
 ' that we should get possession of it ' must be gathered from vnoxfipiov 
 iFoi^ffai) if he were managing things in our interest {(rvfi-) inside the 
 walls, and on the outside you were to attack with vigour.' 
 
 1. 15. Treipoi . . .irapeivai: 'try to explain and manage all this and 
 then return.' iTeipuj belongs in sense only to the participles. 
 
 1. 16. Tricrri : if he asks for a guarantee of our good faith you have 
 only to tell him how we have dealt with you. 
 
 1. 21. SoKoiT) lo-xvpis: 'that the eunuch heartily concurred in the 
 course proposed.' 
 
 1. 2S. a)S i^ayyiXdv : as if to warn the commandant of the fortress 
 of the plot he had discovered. 
 
 P. 58. 1. 6. Tct tvSov KaxacTTTio-os : ' having reduced things within 
 the walls to order.' 
 
 1. 8. TTOito ravra = \aipou. 
 
 1. 10. HfyO' 'JroioOfjiai . . . KaTaXeiiruiv : 'I count it a great thing to leave 
 this place friendly to my allies in this region.' ^eya Troiovfj-ai takes 
 here the participial construction usual after verbs of joy, sorrow, and 
 the like. So orav aixapTavTj^ ti, x'^^p' V'TTcO/iej'os, ' when you are doing 
 wrong, rejoice that you are baffled.' ov« hv dxdoiixTjv navOavwv, ' I 
 should not be sorry to learn.' 
 
 1. 12. TratSas : observe the emphasis given to this word by its position 
 at the head of the clause. 
 
 1. 16. p.T| x«ipovts poT]9oi wapao-TTivai. : ' to stand by you with aid no 
 less efficient.' 
 
 -iraiSas «ky6vovs : ' sons of your own body.' 
 
 1. 23. SiaxiOei : ' order it so that it may be most valuable.' 
 
 1. 27. KaX(cru)\itv : ' are we to summon,' deliberative subjunctive. 
 
 Kal toOtov : Gadatas also. 
 P. 59. 1. 4. irpoPoXos : the functions of the fortress now that it had 
 changed ovraers would be directly reversed, cp § 11, above. 
 
 1. 15. d|Ji<|>i TT^v . . . otKovo|Aiav : 'busied with the necessary arrange- 
 ments about the fort.' 
 
 1. 18. 4)opovjji€voi tiSt] : 'beginning to fear all their neighbours' 
 because they had all gone over to Cyrus. 
 
 1. 22. t'dv oviv d<j)[js |X€ : 'if then you permit me to go home.' 
 
 1. 25. tls TpiTTjv : ' the day after to-morrow.' See note on § 6, above.
 
 NOTES, V. iii. §§ i:--',6. I33 
 
 1. 27. (i€v otrv: see note on v. 2. 29. 
 
 P. 60. 1. I. TTocTTaios: 'in how many days,' the proper interrogative 
 belonging to the adjectival series 8(VTepaios, -rpiraios, &c. 
 
 1. 3. p,€iov T] «v : irKetov and /xefoi' followed by 7/ (which may be 
 omitted) and a numeral are often indeclinable, like amplius plus minus 
 in Latin. For the order of the words Breitenbach compares Oecoti. 
 xxi. 3, Trkfiov Tj iv 5iJT\aaiaj xp^vw. Cp. note on iv. 2. 35. 
 
 1. 9. €v ols: 'amongst whom,' 'before whom.' 
 
 1. II. Kal ravra: 'and that too before he had received any benefit at 
 all from our hands.' Kai before brioiv as in the phrase ical irdvv, koi 
 fxd\a has an intensive force. 
 
 1. 13. SfjXov oTi: 'evidently,' like old' oti, is often parenthetical and 
 does not influence the construction. 
 
 1. 15. KdK«ivo : see note on v. 2. 35. 
 
 1. 17. oTi : repeats ws. 
 
 1. 21. dXXd fx.r\v Kal <Tv\)i^opa ye : ' jtay, further, we should be doing 
 what is expedient also.' 
 
 ]. 23. viKdv KaKws iroioijVT€S : 'to surpass in injuries,' 'to repay 
 injuries with interest.' Cp. v. i. 29. The doctrine is excusable in a 
 state of war. But Xenophon (who puts his own sentiments into the 
 mouth of his hero Cyrus) would have been more guarded in his language, 
 if he had not forgotten how his master Socrates taught, that evil should 
 not be repaid with evil. 
 
 P. 61. 1. I . iruis 8' av ToXn,top,€v ; How could we endure, how 
 could we have the effrontery, to praise ourselves, to claim credit for 
 gratitude or any other virtue ? For iiraiviiv, see note on v. 3. 3. 
 
 1. 2. dvTipX«vj/ai : ' to look Gadatas in the face.' 
 
 1. 3. TiTTdcrOai €v ttoiovvtos is the converse of vikolv e5 ■noiovvTis. 
 
 1. 4. Kai TovTOV otiTa) 5iaKEi[jievov : 'by one man and that one being 
 what Gadatas is,' that is to say, an eunuch. For these unhappy beings 
 are supposed to be generally spiteful and morose. 
 
 1. 7. tKacTTOi : ' each division^ the plural denotes each of several 
 aggregates. 
 
 1.9. Ti|jiiv is dativus commodi, 'let Gobryas command them for us 
 and act as guide to them.' 
 
 1. II. TdiriTT|8€ia xpiciv T||i.6pu)v : 'provisions for three days.' 
 
 1. 1 2, itov4)6Tepov . . . €uT€X«crTepov : ' the lighter and scantier our 
 baggage.' 
 
 1. 15. 7Top€Ub>|j.€9a uBe : Xenophon here proceeds to put into the 
 mouth of Cyrus the orders which he himself, a consummate tactician, 
 had found best for night marches in an enemy's country. Under such 
 circumstances the leader must have three main objects in view, to keep 
 his men well together, to guard against surj^rise, and to be ready for
 
 134 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 action at any moment. The student will observe here how skilfully 
 these objects are secured. 
 
 1. 17. «v }i€TU)iTa) : ' in the front ' close behind the general of division, 
 where every command would be heard by all at once, came the captains 
 of companies, each followed by his men in single file ({</>' fv6i). Hence 
 in each raf!/; there would be as many men as there were companies in 
 the division. This would produce a square formation {jrXaiaiov'), the 
 men would be ' massed ' {aOpooi). The object of this is twofold : the 
 line being shorter would be able to move more rapidly, and the front 
 being broader it would be easier to form in line of battle on any sudden 
 emergency. 
 
 1. 24. 8iao-n-dcr9ai : the line is broken, a gap is formed, because those 
 in front outstrip those behind. 
 
 P. 62. 1. 4. Se^iovs Tovs TreXxacrras : why were the javelin men to 
 be on the right, the archers on the left, of their square? Perhaps 
 because in deploying for action the one would nm most easily and 
 naturally towards the spear hand, the other towards the bow hand. 
 
 1. 8. o-vv€crK€vao-|i€voi Sort: 'that they may have everything ready 
 packed up.' 
 
 1. 14. «is €vo = k(p' ivos. 
 
 1. 19. TO vvv €ivai: 'for the present.' A similar use of the infinitive 
 occurs in the phrases kKwv dvai, to W kKeivai tlvat, oXiyov or fUKpov (but 
 never ttoWov) ZtTv, tp.ol SoneTv, &c. See Kriiger, Greek Grammar, 
 
 55- 1- I- , 
 
 1. 22. Ktti TrivTss 8c: 'yes, and all sensible men too.' 
 
 1. 31. cnjfiavei: see note on iv. 5. 42. 
 
 P. 63. 1. 2. 6 8' 6p|xu>p.evos : 'let each as he gets in motion pass 
 the word to the officer next behind him.* See note on ad, iv. i. 2 
 Here by its position it belongs equally to the participle and to the 
 finite verb. 
 
 1. 5. OTTOtrOlS = TOVTOl'S OTTUCTOVS. 
 
 6vop.d2[a>v : ' by name.' 
 
 1. 7. (TTniiXiia Tovro tiroiti : ' made a study of this.' 
 
 OavfiacTTOv elvai el 01 ^t,(v . . . icracri 6 8€ . . . ouk, tiarono : a good 
 example of what is sometimes called the pai-atactic construction which 
 is very common after 6avixaaT6v or ^fivov fanv d. In English the prior 
 clause would be subordinated (if while the craftsman knows the names 
 of his tools) in Greek it is coordinated {yrapajaaairai hence paratactic). 
 The hypothesis really affects only the posterior clause, hence wliile 'iaaai 
 is indicative daouo is optative. See the admirable note of Shilleto on 
 Thuc. i. 121. 7. 
 
 1. 15. oiroTe Ti PovXoiTO : optative of indefinite repetition. 
 
 1. 22. iTO) Tis t<J>' v5«p : 'let some one go and fetch water.'
 
 NOTES, V. iii. § 36 — iv. § I. 135 
 
 1. 23. TaTTop,€vwv; 'when orders are given.' With certain participles 
 the subject, being of an indefinite nature so as to be readily supplied by 
 the reader or hearer, is not unfrequently omitted, e. g. vovtos, when it 
 rains, avaKora^ovTos, when it grows dark, f^ayyeXOevTos, tidings having 
 been brought, dS-q^ov ovtos, it being uncertain. Sometimes the parti- 
 ciple is in the plural, as (irtvetj^eXojv iJvToov, in cloudy weather, ovtws 
 kxovTOJv, things being so, arjfiavdiVTajv, notice having been given. See 
 Kriiger, Greek Gram war, 47- 4- 3-5- 
 
 els dXX-fiXovs opav: 'look at one another,' each expecting the 
 other to obey. 
 
 ofxoitos : ' in the same way ' as if they were commanded individually 
 and by name. 
 
 1. 27. oTcp Ti TTpoo-TdTTOi : again of indefinite repetition, hence the 
 plural antecedent navTas. 
 
 P. 64. 1. 4. €v \ii<rca vvKTwv: elsewhere d/xcpl or irepl ntcras vvKras. 
 terfijiTive : see note on § 44, above. 
 
 1. 5. viroiJievoiTj : future optative, ' that he will wait for him.' 
 
 1. 7. tiinipeTas : his orderlies or adjutants or aides-de-camp. 
 
 1. II. irpovirtfi.TTeTo : 'set them on the way.' 
 
 1. 15. irapeXaiivcov tJctvxos : ' riding gently along ' the column. 
 
 1. 20. "irapaXeXeiirTai : another precaution against surprise. A certain 
 number of active foot-soldiers were thrown out in advance of the main 
 body to search the line of march, but with strict orders not to lose sight 
 of the head of the column. 
 
 1. 23. wxaKovo-ToiivTes : 'listening and gathering information in any 
 other way they could.' 
 
 P. 65. 1. I. TO 8e iiT): 'but he did not trouble Chrysantas by 
 reporting what was not worth notice.' 
 
 1. 3. TifjLcpa : by day all the cavalry, except what was needed to guard 
 the rear, was pushed forward on the flanks, because the difficulty of 
 keeping the men together disappeared as soon as the sun rose, and it 
 was desirable to have the horse as near as possible to that side on 
 which the enemy was expected. 
 
 1. 9. o)S «| ItoihotAtov : 'he might pursue with as little waste of 
 time as possible,' literally 'starting from a position as ready as 
 possible.' 
 
 1. II. irdo-av ttjv rd^iv: 'he never suffered the whole of his dis- 
 positions to be broken up at the same time.' Only a part of the 
 cavalry were to go in pursuit, the rest were to keep the ground assigned 
 to them, to be ready for any unforeseen movement of the enemy. 
 
 1. 18. €1 Ti otiTOs irdOoi: 'if anything should have happened to him,' 
 that is to say 'if he were dead,' a common euphemism with which may 
 be compared the Latin phrase ' si quid ci humanitus accidisset.'
 
 136 XENOPHON, CVROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 19. ouTW 8t| : 'with this view, I say.' 
 
 P. 66. 1. I. ji«XXoi: sc. o Tadaras. 
 
 1. 6. €1 8e p-T) : ' but if he failed in this with the intention of serving 
 the Assyrian faithfully for the future.' 
 
 1. 10. ttoX\t|v iTTTTOv : scc note on iv. 6. 2, above. 
 
 1. II. iv Ku)(xais aSpoais: 'in a cluster of villages.* 
 
 1. 15. e^avacTTcivTa : 'starting up and galloping off:' the regular 
 word for starting in a race. Compare the speech of Adeimantus to 
 Themistocles (Herod, viii. 59), ai QefiiarotcKfts ot iTpoe^aviaTa.fj.(vot ^airi- 
 ^ovrat, 'those who start before the signal are flogged.' 
 
 i]Stj : ' directly,' without waiting for the enemy to come closer. 
 us 8ifi : 'as if terrified and (00 few to resist.' 617 is often used as 
 here, like the old English forsooth, to bring out the falseness of a 
 pretext. 
 
 1. 17. KaT«cr€iov : 'beckoned to Gadatas' to come on. 
 
 1. 24. t'lio-Tarai : 'makes off,' flies, till he reached the pursuers, that 
 is, the Assyrians. 
 
 1. 25. tyviocrOT] OS t)v : 'he was recognised.' 
 
 1. 26. «KT€iva)v Tov ITTTTOV : 'putting his horse to the stretch.' 
 
 P. 67. 1. I. Tri656(X€voi : 'just when they were all becoming quite 
 exhausted, because they had been previously fatigued by their march.' 
 
 1. 3. 8oK€iv 8€ xp^n ao-pi€vo\js : 'you may well imagine that they were 
 as glad to reach him as sailors to reach harbour in a storm.' Cp. 
 oliaQai 5e 5er, iv. 2. 28. 
 
 1. 7. "yvovTes to ov, equivalent to "^vovri^ to irpdyna, 'seeing how 
 things were.' 
 
 1. 9. TOtPS TTpos toCto TeTayfJievous : see v. 3. 58. 
 
 1. 12. «v TT) dvaffTpo<j)fi : ' in the turn ; ' they wheeled round too sharply. 
 
 1. 13. iT€piT€[jiv6p.eva : 'encircled and cut off from the rest;' a 
 Homeric word, cp. Homer, Od. xi. 401, ^e a' dvapfftoi dVSpes fS-qKr/cravT 
 inl x^P'^ov ^ovs TTepiTafivufXivov ■q8' oluiv mjjea KaXa ; 
 
 1. 14. iraCcravTa : see § 5. Observe that iraio] and tutttw are both 
 used in the present, but enaiaa alone in the aorist. See JVeu/ Phry- 
 nichus, p. 259. 
 
 1. 17. <|>0do-avT6s : others had time to reach a more distant place of 
 refuge. 
 
 1. 21. OlS = TOVTOl^ OVi. 
 
 1. 24. tTTL8€8efi€vos i]8T) to TpavjAo : ' with his wound already band- 
 aged.' Cp. V. 2. 32, and, for the grammar, iv. i. 3, dvaTerapifvos rfjv 
 pia,\atpav. 
 
 1. 25. Eyo) 8*: 'why, I was coming tro see you,' and here you are 
 coming to me. Se brings out the speaker's surprise at the contradiction, 
 cp. iv. 5, §§ II, 23.
 
 NOTES, V. iv. §§ 1-20. 137 
 
 P. 68. 1. I. oo-Tis . . . ipoTi0T]o-as : qtiippe qui subveneris, oVriy, like 
 OS 7«, having a causal sense, such as in Latin is expressed by qui with 
 the subjunctive. 
 
 ovt' olSa «Ya)Y€ o,ti is parenthetical, ' wanting I know not what.' 
 
 1. 3. €is Y€ TO iSiov : ' at any rate as regards your private interests.' 
 The participles Zioixivo^, vvoaxofJ-^fos, Tcnovdws are coordinate with on 
 tSo^a, which might have been expressed by the genitive absolute Sokovv- 
 
 TOS ifJiOV. 
 
 1. 5. TO jxev €ir' €[ioi : ' for all I could do to help it.' 
 
 o-€'o-a)o-(i.au : the true Attic form is said to be aiawnai, verbs 
 which have no sigma in the first aorist passive having none in the per- 
 fect. See Ne-iV Phrynichus, p. 99. 
 
 1. 6. €1 TJv olos €'4ivv ki, apX'HS = «' M eCeTfj.ij6r]v. 
 
 1. 7. ouK otS' av €1 : in this phrase el is interrogative, hence dV is fol- 
 lowed by indicative or optative as the sense requires ; the position of 
 the dV varies. Cp. Eur. Med. 941, ovic oW av el ntlaaifu. Plat. Tim. 
 26 B, ovK av oiSa el Svvaiix-rjv. Xen. Cyrop. i. 6. 41, ovk old' eyuye ei 
 Tiva XiTTots av rwv TroAf/x/oji'. 
 
 toioOtov -irepl e^e : ' who would have behaved so dutifully towards 
 me.' See note on iv. 5. 29, above. 
 
 1. II. iropeis : from napirjfxt. 
 
 1. 1 7. Tw oiTicp ToO . . . elvai : ' to him who has caused these also to 
 behave so generously.' 
 
 1. 21. tov Pov\6n«vov : ' a;?y that wished.' 
 
 1. 27. Tois iirirois : in the sense of 'cavalry' iitttos is feminine only 
 when used as a singular collective noun. 
 
 P. 69. 1. I. 01 KaTe4)VY€ : see v. I. 9, 
 
 1. 7. 01 KaSoijo-iot ... 01 -irpiiTot : apposition of the whole and part, 
 ' the Cadusians escaped to the camp, the first of them arriving about 
 evening.' 
 
 1. II. orvYKaTto-KTjvov : 'helped to settle them in their tents.' 
 
 1. 14. €iTnrov«tv : 'to undertake f.i/;a labour,' 'to do something (^rj'ow^ 
 their regular duty.' 
 
 1. 16. o-Ov TO IS virrjptTais : see v. 3. 52. 
 
 1. 17. dTTi|it\T]Tov : a poetic word, used by Aesch. Agam, 891, rdy 
 a.n<pl aol KKaovaa XafnrTrjpovxias urrjixeXTjTovs aUv. 
 
 1. 18. s^avvTOi : ' if he had not time to do so in person.' 
 
 1. 25. d|ioC «o-p.€v d-iroXavo-ai : ' it is right that we should reap some 
 advantage.' For the personal construction of d^ios, cp. note on iv. I. 20. 
 
 1. 26. TO [laGtiv : in apposition to ujaOuv n., ' the lesson.' 
 Biao-irdv dird to\) oXov : ' to detach from the main body.' 
 
 P. 70. 1. 3. KOLvoTj(xevos : ' but if a commander, when he starts on an 
 expedition, communicates his intention to those that are able to help
 
 l^H XENOPHOy, CVROPAEDIA. 
 
 him,' he may indeed fall into a trap, but still the general may divert the 
 attention of the enemy, or by annoying him in other ways prevent him 
 from falling in force upon the detached corps. The fault of the Cadu- 
 sian was that he went off ovre dvaKoivcuaanevos ovre dniby ov5iv Kvpa>. 
 Observe the variation of the construction in icmv i^a-naTriaavTi rptxf/ai . . . 
 (<TTi -naptxovTa irapi^iiv. 
 
 1. 8. oviS' 6 x'^P'-s '^v : 'even those at a distance will not be out ol 
 reach, but will keep touch with the main body.' 
 
 1. 9. ovZiv 8id4)opov -iracrx*'' '■ ' is in the same position.' 
 
 1. 16. OTTOJS p-i^Se opujcriv is to be taken with a^a> as expressing the 
 third object to be attained by the march, the other two {Oaif/o/xtv, Sfi^o- 
 fiev) having been somewhat irregularly coordinated by Kai to the 
 principal verb. ' And that they may not even look with satisfaction on 
 the spot where they slaughtered our allies.' 
 
 1. 24. T)v Tt irpoaS«T)cr0€ : ' if you have any need of us as well ' as of 
 the Gods. 
 
 1. 27. KaT€o-nio-€v €is Tci^iv: 'assigned him his position.' 
 
 P. 71. 1. 8. tav : ' to let them alone.' (pya^taOai might be sup- 
 plied as in the next clause it is actually inserted. But no infinitive is 
 required. 
 
 1. 1 3. els Bi TT|v ko[iiSt|v : ' and as regards the harvest.' The prepo- 
 sition is not superfluous, because these words are to be regarded as 
 limiting the verb of the protasis kav n\v 7rdAe/zos 77. There was still to 
 be war as regarded the armed men and the cattle, but not as regarded 
 the cornfields and those who laboured in them. 
 
 1. 19. iravTa tiroiouv -irei9ovT6S : ' did everything they could to per- 
 suade.' The more usual construction of iravra irouiv is with o-irws. 
 Breitenbach quotes Anab. iii. i. 18, oircus rot /xi) In-' iKiivcv •yiv-rjaoixtQa 
 iravra TronjTtov. 
 
 1. 25. Tcis vojids Toiv KTTjvwv : ' the herds out grazing,' a poetical 
 phrase. Cp. Soph. 0. T. 761, aypow a<^i vkix^ai Kam ttoijj.vioii' vo^ai. 
 Those Assyrians who joined Cyrus were to drive their herds for security 
 into those districts where he was now master. 
 
 1. 27. TT|v Xciav: 'the cattle of the enemy they drove off as booty.' 
 We have here an early and curious attempt to define the degree of pro- 
 tection which may be accorded to private property in time of war. The 
 principle seems to be that property which could not be removed, as, for 
 instance, standing com, should be respected ; but that all which could, 
 as, for instance, herds of cattle, should be fair prize if the owners were 
 so careless as to let it be taken. In this desire on fxiKpjTarov rod iroKifj-ov 
 Xvniiv, to confine the sufferings entailed by war within as narrow limits as 
 possible, Xenophon shows a humanity worthy of the disciple of Socrates, 
 but many centuries in advance of his age.
 
 NOTES, V. iv. §§ 20-34. 139 
 
 P. 72. 1. 2. 01 atPToC is predicate and to XanPdvetv raTrjTijSeia is 
 equivalent to 17 l« tcDj' iroXefiiuv Tpocp-f). ' For the dangers of war are the 
 same, are no less, even if you do not win your victuals,' there is no ap- 
 preciable increase of risk in driving a foray or two, ' but the sense that 
 they were being fed at the enemy's cost seemed to lighten the labours 
 of the campaign.' 
 
 1. 7. ^(piov Kai a.y(jiv : two verbs very frequently coupled to express 
 the different kinds of booty, the flocks which are driven off, the other 
 valuables which are carried off. So in Latin, fcrri agiqtie res szias vide- 
 rtmt, Livy xxxviii. 15. Here of the different kinds of gifts brought by 
 Gobryas. 
 
 1. 8. ws fi.v €^ oilKovi |ie-ydXov : ' such as a man would bring from a 
 wealthy house.' 
 
 1.9. Tj-iTio-TTiKei : 'whom he had distrusted,' till he rendered them 
 incapable of harm by taking away their horses. The traitor had many 
 secret friends. 
 
 1. 1 3. out' €crTai iroxe otw <|)vivti : ' nor will there ever be a child of 
 mine to whom 1 can leave.' Observe the position of (pvvri which 
 follows oro) both in place and syntax, instead of preceding, as in 
 English. 
 
 1. 20. €8ia't)6t) : see note on iv. 2. 12 ; v. i. 11, above. 
 
 1. 21. Tov irdGovs uKTeipev aviTov : 'pitied him for his calamity.' 
 This genitive of relation is common after verbs ol pity, anger, admiration, 
 such as d-^afxai, Bavixa^ai, ^rjKui, tvSatixovi^oj. 
 
 1. 23. -q vCv croi eixov: 'than those who till now had them for thee 
 (dat. comm.) were, as it seems.' 
 
 1. 24. iriXai tiriOvfiu : ' I ^lave long deen desiring.' This notion oi 
 duration extending up to the present is conveyed in Greek by the present 
 tense, especially when combined with dei or irdXai. Cp Soph. ^j. 20, 
 Kiivov Ixvfvc ■ndXai, and the words of Socrates, ol fxuvov du rd avrd 
 X*'7<u dXKd Kal nepl rwv avrSiv. So in Latin, jamdudum loquor. See 
 Goodwin, Greek Moods a7td Tenses, p. 5. 
 
 1. 25. €is Tous [xvpCoDs: 'to the ten thousand,' the definite number 
 which he had fixed upon in his o\vn mind. 
 
 P. 73. 1. 8. oiicra . . . d-rrtXavojjiev : the participle agrees with 
 /cT^o-is, 'the estate,' but the verb is in the first person plural as if €771'$ 
 oi/Tss had preceded, the dwellers on the land being suddenly substituted 
 in the speaker's mind for the land itself. 
 
 1. 9. ocra 8« evoxXetaGai : supply taTiv, ' all the discomforts of a large 
 town.' 
 
 1. II. «7riPovXeua6jj.69a is passive. 'The form that is generally called 
 future middle, and is constantly noticed by lexicographers as a peculiarity 
 when used in a passive sense, is far the most common future for the
 
 140 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 passive voice' New Phrynichus, p. 189. This is particularly observable 
 in pit>-c verbs, as Tiix-qaofxai, a^iK-qaofiai, oiK-qao/xai, TToKtfxrjcroixai, fiaari- 
 ywaofiai. See Kriiger, Gr. Gram. 39. 11. The passive future in 
 -e-Qaofxai is not found in Homer, see Mr. Monro's Homeric Grammar, 
 p. 42 ; and its frequent use is characteristic of the later stages of the 
 language, see Cobet, Variae Lectiones, p. 47. 
 
 PioxrofieSa oXoos : ' we shall live altogether a miserable life.' 
 
 1. I 7. TovTO KtJoOo-a fipd TTOT€ ! ' travailing with this thought, whether 
 it will at last be granted me to take revenge upon.' Kvilv so used is a 
 favourite metaphor of Plato's, derived by him probably from Socrates, 
 who delighted to represent himself as a midwife, his office being as he 
 thought to help men to deliver themselves of the truths which they had 
 conceived, but were not able to bring to life without the assistance of 
 his questionings. 
 
 1. 21. irdcri, -irovTipoTipois lavTOti : 'none but those who are worse 
 than himself.' 
 
 tav apa <})avf) : ' if any one should after all, by any chance, be 
 found,' See note on iv. 4. 13. 
 
 Toww dpK€<r€i p,T)xavwji€vos : 'will be enough for him, ever scheming 
 till.' rovTw is probably object to both verbs, each of which, when 
 conveying as here the notion of hostility, is commonly followed by a 
 dative. 
 
 1. 25. ToO dviav KpeiTTujv ttrrai : ' he will be fully able to harass.' 
 
 1. 28. Ti ohy^L. t-rroiTio-ajiev : the aorist indicative is used in questions 
 with Tt ol to express surprise that something is not already done, and 
 convey an exhortation to do it directly. Thus rt ovk dnticpifo} irpbs tout' 
 (veis ; ' come, answer this directly.' See Goodwin, Greek Moods and 
 Tenses, p. 5. 
 
 P. 74. 1. I. era.: neuter plural of cto)?, contracted from aka. 
 
 1. 7- ireipacrop.ai : supply xpr]aiy.o^ eluat. 
 
 1. II, <J)6a,cr€is (ji€VTOi : 'you will be in time, sure enough.' The 
 active form of the future of (pOduco is Ionic. Xenophon has it here and 
 vii. I. 19 (where however the reading is doubtful). The regular Attic 
 form is (pOrjaofiai : see JVeza f/irynic/ms, p. 398. 
 
 1. 15. KaXws oiKoiTo : see note on iv. 5. 39. 
 
 1. 16. S)v = rovTojv oTs. Attraction rarely takes place when the 
 relative would otherwise be in the dative or nominative. See Kriiger, 
 Gr. Gram. 51. 10. 3, 
 
 1. 17. BeBtjitvovs TovTois : 'bound hand and foot by these ties,' by 
 the sense that their nearest relatives were hostages for their good 
 conduct. 
 
 1. 19. <j>pacrT-i]pa : sec note on iv. 5. 17. 
 
 1. 23. irop' auTo TO reixos : ' close along by.'
 
 NOTES, V. iv. §§ 35-50. T4I 
 
 1. 26. KOI iroXXai . . . Kal poiiXeo-0ai. : in both cases the kcu has an 
 intensive force, see note on v. 3. 30. When used in this way with the 
 infinitive, Hermann compares it with the German particle azic/i. ' Qui 
 Tt XPI ^<7f<»' interrogat, is quid dici, non an aliqiiid dici debeat, 
 quaerit. Sed qui rt XP'? f''' Keyftv is non solum quid, sed etiam an 
 aliquid dicendum sit dubitat ' (What am I to say ?) Viger, p. 834. Here 
 'I thought you actually wished.' See Riddell, Apology (Digest ot 
 Idioms) p. 176. 
 
 1. 28. iva Kal €iri8eigais : 'that you might also show,' 'that as you 
 went you might show.' 
 
 P. 75. 1. 13. &)s av dpio-TOi ei«v jiaxecGai : 'in the best order for 
 fighting.' 
 
 1. 17. dv€ip[i.€vois €irl iroXv : 'in a long string.' 
 
 1. 20. iropevojitvuv : ' when men march in this way.' See note on 
 V. 3. 50. 
 
 tm XeiTTov T€Tax0ai : ' should be disposed in a thin weak line ; ' \-ni 
 with ace. gives the idea of draiving out a thread. 
 
 1. 23. Tots €m ftaKpov iropevofxevois : ' those who are marching in a 
 long column must be at a long distance from their supports.' Here 
 again Xenophon is imparting to his readers a lesson in strategy dravra 
 from the rich stores of his personal experience. In marching past a 
 fortified post two rules are to be observed : (i) the distance of the line oi 
 march from the walls must not be less than the length of the column. 
 Otherwise, supposing the column to be attacked at either extremity, those 
 at the other extremity will have farther to go to strengthen the point 
 threatened, than the enemy to assault it; (2) in drawing off, the rear 
 must be gradually strengthened, so that the part of the column opposite 
 to the gate of the town may always be the strongest. 
 
 1. 25. Tois 8' «K ToO T€ixovs I ' whllc the townspeople (the preposition 
 attracted to the verb of motion, see note on iv. i. i) have a short 
 way to go, to sally out upon those who are nearest, and again to 
 retire.' 
 
 1. 26. fittov T] €(j)' ocrov €KT€Tajji€voi : ' a less distance than the whole 
 length of our column of march.' 
 
 1. 28. ■7rapvc|>ao'p.«vtov oirXcuv : '■th.e fringe of heavy-armed men' which 
 would cover the aKivofopoi. At such a distance the enemy would not 
 be able to distinguish the armed men from the baggage people behind 
 them, and would think that all were armed alike. 
 1. 30. (K iroXXoO : ' a long way off.' 
 
 P. 76. 1. 2. Tt^ oXcp Toii iravTos : ' unless they judge that the whole 
 of their force is stronger than the whole of ours,' unless they feel able to 
 cope with us on equal terms. 
 1. 6. dti : see note on v. 3. 45.
 
 142 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 1. 8. Y'-Yvop.fvais : 'in the usual number of days.' The meaning of 
 usual resides in the present participle, that of number in YfyvfaOai itself, 
 which frequently signifies to make up a sum, amount to, result. Cp. 
 Plato, ApoL 36 A, 6 yeyovcbs dpiOfios, the sum total. 
 
 1. 9. 2trpa)v : here apparently used in the wider sense of the name = 
 'Aaavpiajv. See Kiepert, p. 86. 
 
 1. 12. (fjoPuJv p,«v . . . -ireCOojv 8e : 'partly Cyrus by menaces, partly 
 Gadatas by persuasion.' 
 
 1. 16. o,Ti xpTltraivTo : 'what they should do with them.' 
 
 o-ujiPoxjXos "yiYvoiTO : ' should advise what he thought they ought 
 to do next.' 
 
 1. 22. egetXov : see iv. 6. 11. 
 
 P. 77. 1. 12. Kard tt|v ItticttoXtiv : see iv. 5. 31. 
 
 1. 16. TOis irapafieivaatv : those who had not volunteered to follow 
 Cyrus. 
 
 1. 23. o-ijv : see note on v. 2. i,'^. 
 
 1. 27. Kara v6p.ov: it was 'the custom' among the Persians, Xeno- 
 phon tells us (i. 4. 28), for kinsmen to kiss one another orav 'idaxxtv 
 d\kr]\ovT Sid xp^vov. 
 
 P. 78. 1. 2. oTTOcTTavTas avairavetrOai : ' to stand aside and rest.' 
 
 1. 5. m\wv : partitive genitive. Another name for these carpets is 
 paiTTa, from the needlework with which they were adorned. Cp. Hell. 
 iv. I. 30, vTTOTiOevTwv avToi ruv Oipairovruv pa-md, i<p' uv naOi^ovaiv oi 
 Tiipaai /xaKaKuis, 
 
 1. 7. Otie : see note on iv. i. 7. 
 
 1. II. PacriXecos applies to -npoyovwv as well as to narpos. 
 
 1. 16. tx})' U)V : = VTTU TOVTWV IXp' SlV . 
 
 1. 25. t-n-€<TTra(raTO : 'so that he drew on Cyrus also, till his eyes filled 
 with tears.' 
 
 P. 79. 1. 2. KaTto-KsvdcrOai io<TT€ : 'have been put into such a 
 position as to.' 
 
 1. 5. trapTicra) toCto €t : 'whether you are right or wrong I will not 
 stop to enquire.' 
 
 1. 1 1 . onovoiav tjjipdXXciv : ' inspire them all with a common sense of 
 wrong.' 
 
 1. 13. TaOra do-4)aXuis tx^^'- there is no danger of their being pro- 
 voked to resistance or defiance. 
 
 1. 18. ovTojs eiKfj: cp. Hor. Od. ii. 11. 14, 'sic temere.' 'Homeri illud 
 Iliad \\. 120, yidip ovtw. Plato, Go)-^. 506 D, ovtoj^ e'lKrj. Polit. 295 A, 
 Ka'i vojs ovToiol -naxvrtpojs. Donatus ad Ter. Andria i. 2. 4, "sic pro 
 leviterti ncgligenter (\\xoA Graeci oi/tcos dicunt." Et prorsus ut Iloratius 
 Seneca Hippol. 394, " Sic temere jactae colla pcrfundant comae " ' Orelli. 
 So Demosth. de Falsa Leg. 355, d/tovaai fxiv -yap oiiTwal irayKaKwi «'x*'»
 
 NOTES, V. iv. § 51 — V. § 21. 143 
 
 'merely to the ear,' 'ut sic obiter audias;' see Shilleto's note and the 
 instances given in Buttmann's Index to the Meidias, s. v. ovtws. 
 
 1.21. {nroOeo-iv tnT0Ti.9evai : ' I can make that proposition, offer that 
 condition, which among friends is fairest.' 
 
 1. 27. tTTaivov croi a|ios : Greek uses the dative, especially of the 
 personal pronoun, in many phrases where we should employ the 
 preposition from. Cp. Mem. i. i. i, as d^tos urj Oavarov rri -nuXn. 
 Eur. Hec. 309, ijfuv 5' 'Ax'AXeij d^ios tijjltis, -fvvai (see Person's note). 
 Arist. Ac/i. 812, noaov Trpiaiixai aoi rd xo'P'5'a (see Miiller's note). Eur. 
 Ifec. 533, Se^ai xoas f^oi racrSe (see Person's note). Soph. O. C. 81, 3 
 TfKvov Tj liePrjKtv ^fjiv 6 ^(vos ; 
 
 1. 28. yoxiv : here of frank assent. Other phrases used in this passage 
 with the same or a very similar signification are dW dvdyKj], yap ovv, 
 5^\ov on. 
 
 P. 80. 1. 2. €K TTJcrSe tt[S dpxfjs : ' from this commencement.' In 
 the next clause yap, as so often, takes up and explains rijaSe. 
 
 I. 7. ISia : antithesis to koivou, ' to the state council of the Persians . . . 
 and to me personally.' 
 
 1. 12. dSiKiav (iov Kareyvtos t] €U€pY6(riav : a zeugma, KarayiyvwcrKfiv 
 being ordinarily used only of faults or crimes. ' Whether you imputed 
 to me a wrong, or a benefit.' 
 
 1. 13. €K Y« TovTtov : ' as far as this goes to prove anything.' 
 
 1. 14. Ti ydp : 'good, then.' passing on from a point conceded to the 
 next point. 
 
 1. 1 7. viKT)s Y€vo[xevT)s TiiJisTepas : ' when victory declared for us.' 
 
 1. 22. irXeove^iav \io\i KaTif]70pf|O-ai : 'charge with taking any unfair 
 advantage. ' 
 
 1. 23. dW: ' well,' passing from a point that has not been conceded 
 to the next. 
 
 1. 24. criojirdv T)8tov y] dTT0Kpivacr9ai : ' you would rather not an- 
 swer.' 
 
 1. 28. aXXcos T€ Kai irpoirapsa-XTiKoJs . if I did wrong in asking for 
 help, especially 'when I had previously given you my own services 
 ■ as an ally.' dWojs re icai serves here to bring out the contradiction 
 between two facts, and emphasise the harshness of Cyaxares' behaviour, 
 so that it is virtually equivalent to ' and that too though.' Cp. a similar 
 use of the corresponding phrase in Latin, Cic. P/iit. xii. 26, 'Inventus est 
 nemo praeter Antonium, pi-acscrtim ctim tot essent circum hastam 
 illam, qui alia omnia auderent.' Ibid. 29, 'Quid fuit causae cur in 
 Africam Caesarem non sequerere, ciini praescrtim belli pars tanta 
 restaret.' 
 
 1. 31. o-v 8« : especially used after the vocative of a proper name 
 where the speaker turns from one person to another with a sudden
 
 144 XENOPHON, CFROPAEDIA. 
 
 appeal. Cp. Eur. Jlec. 372, firjrep, av S' -f/fiiv fjnjSiv e/xTruSoji' "yfvri. Or. 
 614, M(ue\a€, ffol Si raSt Keyai (see Porson's note). Here the contrast 
 is not between the persons, but between two requests addressed to 
 the same person ; cp. Herod, v. 40, (irft roivw irfpiexo/J^cov ot opioixiv 
 rijs «x*'^ yvvaiieos, ffv Si ravra iroife. Buttmann says (A/ctdias Exc. 
 xii. p. 144) that this use of Se is especially favoured by writers of 
 Ionic Greek. 
 
 P. 81. 1. 2. 6i6vfAov|jitvous ; see iv. 1. 18. 
 
 1. 4. €1 Ti : ' if again I seem to you to have done anything unfair 
 in this.' 
 
 dixcX-qo-as tov 6pYi([ccr6ai : 'never thinking of being angry,' 'far 
 from being angry.' 
 
 1. 5. ov (ictov SoOvaw : 'than which nothing, I knew, was less for you 
 to give.' 
 
 1. 7. 8t|itov : 'as you will remember.' 
 
 1. 8. owSev ■qvuTOv €1 (jiiq -ireicraijiL : 'I gained nothing, unless I could 
 persuade.' Not ' I should have gained nothing unless 1 had persuaded.' 
 The permission of Cyaxares was no good and remained of none till the 
 Medes should be won over. 
 
 1. 9. «-n-€i9ov . . . t-irticra : ' tried to persuade,' ' persuaded.' 
 1. 16. dXXd jjLTjv . . . Y< [ATlv ... TO y^i'^ivToy : mark the successive stages 
 of a climax : see notes on iv. 5. 21 ; v. 3. 9 ; v. 2. 25 ; v. 1. 23. 
 1. 18. <|>€p6vTci)v Kal aYovTcov: see note on v. 4. 29. 
 1, 24. crvYKaTao-n-ao-GtvTa : not of actual demolition, but of humi- 
 liation by violence, ' they were all humbled beneath the Assyrian 
 power.' 
 
 1. 26. (i,a0€iv : antithesis to aKoZaai. I should not like you to prove 
 it, but I have no objection to hear what you have to say upon the subject. 
 1. 27. OTTcos XP''^ Xe^eiv : 'how I can say.' 
 P. 82. 1. 8. -n-j] : ' in some sort.' 
 1. II. ols TreveCTTepos : ' in what I am made poorer.' 
 1. 15. «'vev(X€icr9ai : ' to take to heart,' ' brood over.' 
 1. 16. KaTaOeao-ai \y.-i\ iv tfioi : 'consider them not in my case but 
 applying them to yourself.' The negative belongs only to iv ifioi, 
 hence there is no dejiarture here from the well-known rule that firj 
 is not used with the aorist imperative. There are however a few 
 exceptions to the rule. See Jelf, Or. Gr. 420. 3, obs. 5. Goodwin, 
 Greek Moods and Tenses, p. 181. Kriiger, Gr. Gr. 54. 2. 2. 
 
 Ti vdp dv . . dp' dv : the interrogative is repeated owing to the 
 length of the intervening clause. 
 
 1. 20. cKcivo : see note on v. 2. 35, above. 
 
 1. 23. SuiTiOeiT] : ' were to dispose them so,' the corresponding passive 
 phrases are StaKtiadai, rraptaKtvdffOat, KanaKivaadai.
 
 NOTES, V. V. §§ 21-45. 145 
 
 1. 29. Kal Se'oi : ' far indeed from that,' see note on v. 4. 42. 
 
 I*. 83. 1. 7. ToiJTo (iKoiJo-as : ' then when he heard this, when you 
 told him to take whatever he pleased, were to lay hands on all he could 
 and go off with it.' 
 
 1. II. «l JJLT] ra-uTa dWd Toiavra : 'if not e.xactly this yet somethint,' 
 of the same kind.' 
 
 1. 12. (Ittovtos ...£x°^ '■ 'I did give you permission to take those 
 who chose to follow {kOiXovTas not kd(\ovTas), and off you went with all 
 my army.' 
 
 I. 15. d-y«is 8t| : ' you bring, it is true.' 
 
 1. 17. Traptx^i'V €(iar)T6v eu -iroieiv : ' submit to be heaped with favours,' 
 of a person who is passive in the hands of his benefactor, and accepts 
 benefits which he cannot hope to return. Cp. Plato, Phaedrus 228 E, 
 kfxavrov aoi iixjXiKirav irapfx<^, ' I give myself up to you to experiment 
 upon.' Soph. AJax H46, iTareiv irapuxe tw OiXovTi vav^aruiv. 
 
 1. 22. Ti ^dp €|iol irXiov ; ' what do I gain ?' ' what advantage is it to 
 me?' 
 
 1. 25. T|p.ds : ' I and my ancestors.' 
 
 P. 84. 1. 2. TO v€v elvai: see note on v. 3. 42. 
 TTeipav XdpT)S : see note on iv. i. 5. 
 
 1. 5. dcnTa||oji.tvov : the genitive absolute to avoid the confusion 
 which would have been caused by the two accusatives. 
 
 1. 16. tm Odrepa : 'the other way,' antithesis to km to) trS a-yaOZ, 
 
 1. 15. ti-iTOVTO tiri: 'followed behind him.' 
 
 1. 21. aviTol Ka9' lavTOUs : ' of their own accord.' 
 
 1. 26. |X6TaYiYvu)aK€Lv : ' changed his opinion and saw.' ocpiaTrj is 
 transitive. 
 
 P. 85. 1. 4. 8id xpovov : ' after a long time.' 
 
 1. 6. 01 irapovxes : ' all who are here are here by our persuasion.' 
 
 1. 13. OappTicrojCTi cr€ : 'may have no fear of you.' 
 
 1. 14. tm rds crds Ovpas : see note on iv. 5. 9. 
 
 1. 16. TO €K To{J8« : 'after this;' the article might be omitted with 
 very little difference to the sense. Cp. v. 5. i, o,tj doKoi-q kn tovtov 
 
 TTpaTTilV. 
 
 <|xPaAE : supply \6yov or ^ovK-qv, ' state your opinion.' 
 1. 20. iKavioTarovs <j)pov€iv : ' most competent to plan.' 
 1. 24. Kal p.€v 8t] : ^jLtv is similarly placed in dA.A.d fiiv drj and ov fxiv 
 8)7. In none of these three groups is piTjv ever found, /xtv is here used 
 in its ordinary sense as an emphatic distinguishing particle, but, being 
 placed immediately after the conjunction, exerts its influence upon the 
 whole clause, rather than on any single word. See Kruger, Greek 
 Grammar, 69. 35. i. 
 
 P. 86. 1. I. Kaipos : supply tir]. 
 
 L
 
 14^> XE NOP HON, Ci'ROPAEDIA, V. V. 
 
 1. 4. toCto «pyov €}jl6v : ' this is my work.' 
 
 1. Q. (XT) fjit'vToi : ' do not however aim at displaying to us the 
 speeches which you will address to each of them, but understand that 
 those, who have been persuaded by each of you, will be known by what 
 they do.' toOto is defined by the substantive clause wr . . . avruiv. ovtcxj 
 TrapaaKfva^eaOe, ' prepare yourselves so,' ' put yourselves in this attitude," 
 ' act upon this understanding.' See note on § 29 above. The participle 
 which follows ws (= thinking that), when it does not agree with the 
 subject or object of the verb, must be in the accusative or genitive 
 absolute. For the construction with the accusative, cp Eur. PJiocn. i4?)y, 
 'Avfi^e S' opOus \aus eh ipiv \6jajv, f/fius fxfv, ws viKuivra StanuTTjv e/xof, 
 01 S' ois Ikuvov r]v S' eptj aTpaT-qXarai^. He7'acl. 693, ctis /i^ fjLtvovvTa, 
 TciWn aoi Xfyeiv irapa (see Elmsley's note"). The construction is often 
 employed even after a verb of thinking ; cp. Soph. J'hil. 415, w? fXTj/cer' 
 ovra iciivov Iv (pafi v6ei. See Goodwin, Greek Moods and Tenses, -p. 231, 
 Kriiger. Greek Grannnar, 56. 10, 3. 
 
 1. 13. €x°vT€s Ta.-inTT)8€i.a pouXcOcovTai. : the principal idea is expressed 
 by the participle. He will take care that every provision is made for 
 the soldiers' comfort, because he knows that they will be much more 
 likely to vote for a continuation of the war if they are well fed. 
 
 THE END.
 
 Cfatenbon {ptt^e ^nxt^. 
 
 Greek School books. 
 
 GRAMMARS, LEXICONS, ^c. 
 
 Chandler. The Elements of Greek Accentuation (for Schools). By 
 H. W. Chandler, M. A. Secotid Edition. . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2^. 6<^. 
 
 Pox and Bromley. Models and Exercises in Uhsecn Tratislation. 
 By H. F. Fox, M.A., and T. M. Bromley, M.A. . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 5^. M. 
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