RNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE 
 
 RNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE 
 
 
 RNIA 
 
 ^ 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 ^2^., %^p .^mm*. 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE 
 
^v. ^ 
 
 Y Of CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 ii 
 
 LIB 
 
 jgg^ jiiiS 
 
 ^••♦.. ...«•' 
 
 Y Of CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIB 
 
 m^ 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE UjyjJfeRSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIB 
 

 
PRACTICAL COURSE 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 GERMAN LANGUAGE. 
 
 BY 
 
 W. H. WOODBURY, A.M., 
 
 AUTHOR OP " NEW METHOD OF LEARNING TO READ, SPEAK, AND WRITE THE GERMAN 
 
 LANGUAGE," "ELEMENTARY GERMAN READER, " 'ECLECTIC GERMAN READER," 
 
 " GERMAN-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-GERMAN READER," " NEW METHOD 
 
 FOR GERMANS TO LEARN ENGLISH," " NEUE METHODE ZUR 
 
 ERLERNUNG DER ENGLISCHEN SPRACHE," 
 
 ETC., ETC. 
 
 2Ber frembe ©pradjen nicfyt fennt, tt?et§ nicfytS wn feincr eignen. 
 
 NEW YORK AND CHICAGO: 
 
 IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOE, & CO. 
 
 1873. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, 
 
 BY W. II. WOODBURY, 
 the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 
 c* 
 
 University Press : Welch. Bigelow, & Co 
 Cambridge. 
 
m 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 
 r 
 
 With grateful acknowledgment of the favor which for 
 a period of more than twenty years has been accorded to 
 the New Method with German, — and accepting as the 
 " Reward of Merit" the compliment of its Transatlantic 
 publication, — the author has endeavored, in preparing the 
 present work, to render it still more worthy of public ap- 
 proval. This work, while embracing several features of prac- 
 tical value not contained in the former one, is based upon 
 the same general plan. To the marked acceptance of this 
 plan, as originally tested in the New Method and sub- 
 sequently in Fasquelle's French Course, has been added the 
 sanction of its extensive adoption, with various modifications, 
 both in American and European compilations for the study 
 of the modern languages. 
 
 The Lessons in the Practical Course, as in the New 
 Method, consist usually of five divisions in the following 
 order : 
 
 1. Examples. These Examples, accompanied by their 
 nearest English equivalents, are made to illustrate the 
 grammatical and idiomatic principles which are involved in 
 the Lessons. 
 
 2. Vocabularies. In order the more effectually to guard 
 against the tendency to ignore the importance of practising 
 the pronunciation of words, as arranged in connection with 
 their definitions, the Vocabularies are placed before the Ex- 
 ercises. By this arrangement, also, those words which are 
 
4 PREFACE. 
 
 alike in form and at the same time different in pronuncia- 
 tion or meaning, in the two languages (as Halter, Mutter, 
 Hunger, Fuss, rotten, her, &c), may be duly noted by the 
 pupil before he is required to encounter the difficulties con- 
 nected with the various grammatical forms and principles as 
 practically employed in the more complex exercise of trans- 
 lating. As an aid to the memory in mastering the gram- 
 matical distinctions of gender, usually so perplexing to the 
 beginner, the masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns are 
 grouped separately. Other parts of speech, for convenience 
 of reference, are arranged alphabetically. 
 
 In addition to the usual method for teaching the meaning 
 of words, the mnemonic aid of association is made largely 
 available by means of references from the Vocabularies to a 
 system of Philological Rules with Examples illustrative of 
 the form and meaning of such words as have in both lan- 
 guages a common origin. That portion of the system which 
 treats of Consonantal Changes and Equivalents includes with 
 German and English several other cognate languages. The 
 Examples of Vowel-changes are limited to German and Eng- 
 lish words. 
 
 3. German Exercises. The sentences in German require 
 only the application of the instructions contained in the 
 Lesson, or in the preceding ones, for their translation into 
 English. 
 
 4. English Exercises. The analogous sentences in Eng- 
 lish are presented in immediate connection with the preced- 
 ing ones in German. The principles applied in the German 
 Exercises are thus made a most convenient and effective 
 auxiliary in the still more advanced and difficult work of 
 translating English into German. 
 
 5. Grammatical and Idiomatic Principles. This division 
 may be employed by means of the references either in con- 
 nection with the preceding instructions, or, when not thus 
 
PREFACE. • O 
 
 required, may be applied both as a test of the pupil's pre- 
 vious deductious and at the same time as an appropriate 
 and impressive review. 
 
 The Lessons are peculiarly progressive. No grammatical 
 form or principle has been permitted to add undue difficulty 
 to the more advanced Lessons for the sake of rendering 
 easier and more attractive the earlier ones. A wholly new 
 and practical method is employed from the very outset for 
 the illustration of the characteristic forms and uses of the 
 Adjective Words. The peculiar perplexities commonly con- 
 nected with the various endings of these words as applied 
 to designate gender are essentially remedied by employing, 
 as their type, those forms of the Personal Pronoun which 
 (unlike those of the Definite Article) have in English their 
 precise equivalents both in respect to form and application. 
 While t>er, t)ie, ba3, defined by the, and used to indicate 
 gender, appear to one whose linguistic knowledge is limited 
 to English utterly incomprehensible, the forms er, he ; jte, 
 she ; e£, it, on the other hand, require no explanation, and 
 once seen in their pronominal use, their forms and applica- 
 tion, as gender-endings, are equally intelligible. 
 
 The German Script is arranged as well with reference to 
 its separate study and its direct comparison with the printed 
 alphabet, as to the widely different circumstances which of 
 necessity control the decision of the teacher in respect to 
 the time, manner, and extent of its application. 
 
 The Plan of Composing German in the present work, al- 
 though mainly the same as in the former one, is arranged 
 with a view either to an earlier and more extended use, or 
 to a later and more limited one, according to the aim or 
 capacity of the pupil and the opportunity for the prepara- 
 tion of the proposed exercises. 
 
 In accordance with the plan adopted in the author's 
 Neue Methode zur Erlernung der englischen Sprache, the 
 
D PREFACE. 
 
 Practical Course embraces in connection with the Reading 
 Lessons a succinct history of the German nation, noting its 
 origin and relation to other nations of Europe and Asia, the 
 development and prominent features of the German Lan- 
 guage, and the position which it occupies among the living 
 languages of Europe. This history, while answering the 
 ordinary purpose of Reading Lessons, serves, likewise, to im- 
 press upon the memory both the forms and facts of the 
 language as further illustrative of the philological rules pre- 
 sented in the earlier part of the Course. 
 
 Among the further features of the work to which the 
 author would invite attention are the Exercises in English 
 type, bringing variously into review the peculiarities of the 
 preceding Lessons, — the treatment and alphabetical list of 
 the Verbs of the Old Conjugation, &c, &c. 
 
 While special care has been taken to render both the 
 analytic and synthetic parts so complete as to admit of 
 their being employed separately, according to the choice 
 of method in the study of the language, they are likewise 
 designed, as occasion may require, to be used in connection, 
 and hence are published both together and also in separate 
 volumes. 
 
 Thankfully recognizing the friendly aid which has been 
 received from several gentlemen of eminent linguistic attain- 
 ments, the author would also express his appreciation of 
 past criticisms by asking for the present work the favor of 
 their prompt and friendly repetition. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Lessons 
 A. 
 
 Adjectives with the gen 
 
 •) 
 
 Lessons 
 50. 
 
 Abbreviations, pp. 293 - 295. 
 
 with the dat., 
 
 12. 
 
 9.; 52. 
 
 9tber, atlein, benn, ndrnltd), uber, 
 
 Adverbs, 
 
 
 48. 
 
 fonbern, unb, 8. 4.* 
 
 , formation of, 
 
 
 48. 1. 
 
 Absolute possessive pronouns, 26. 
 
 compounded with 
 
 preposi 
 
 
 Accent, pp. 20 and 21. 
 
 tions, 
 
 
 24. 3. 
 
 Accusative case, 4.; 5.* 
 
 , position of, 9. 9. ; 47. 7., 8. 
 
 , and 9. 
 
 STchten, 51. 4. 
 
 2UIein, see after. 
 
 
 
 Adjectives, formation of, by 
 
 »r, l. 2. ; 21. 7. 
 
 ; 54. 1. 
 
 and 3. 
 
 means of suffixes ifd), er, 
 
 SlUe, all, 
 
 
 54. 4. 
 
 ig, n, en, ern, 22. 4., 5., 6., 
 
 2We3, 
 
 29. 6. 
 
 ; 54. 2. 
 
 and!. 
 
 Alphabet, p. 17. 
 
 
 
 , compounded with nouns, 
 
 5Hm, 
 
 21. 6. 
 
 ; 24. 2. 
 
 adjectives, numerals, verbs, 
 
 2fn, 
 
 12. 8. 
 
 ; 24. 1. 
 
 adverbs, prepositions, 19. 4. 
 
 SInbercr, 
 
 54. 5. 
 
 and 6. 
 
 , comparison of, 21. 
 
 Anomalous verbs, 
 
 
 36. 
 
 denoting material, 22. 6. 
 
 2ln3, 
 
 
 24. 2. 
 
 used predicatively, 1. 3. ; 20. 1. 
 
 2Ittftrf)ttcj, 
 
 
 50. 1. 
 
 used attributively, 3. 1 . ; 20. 2. 
 
 Slnfiatt, 
 
 
 49. 1. 
 
 and 7. 
 
 Any, 
 
 
 15. 6. 
 
 used substantively, 22. 
 
 Article, omission of, 
 
 46. 6. 
 
 and 7. 
 
 used adverbially, 1. 3. ; 20. 1. 
 
 Stud), 
 
 
 13. 1. 
 
 , Old Declension, 20. 2. 
 
 9fef, 
 
 
 24. 1. 
 
 , New Declension, 20. 2. 
 
 9Iuf3, 
 
 21. 8. 
 
 24. 2. 
 
 , Mixed Declension, 20. 2. 
 
 9ht3, 
 
 
 12. 1. 
 
 with the ace, 5. 2. 
 
 Auxiliary verb, omission of, 
 
 27. 6. 
 
 * The numbers, except when the page is indicated, refer to Lessons and divisions of 
 Lessons ; thus, 8 denotes the Lesson, and 4 the division of the Lesson. Two or more 
 numbers, each referring to a Lesson, are separated by a semicolon ; thus, 4. ; 5. denote 
 Lesson 4. ; Lesson 5. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 B. 
 
 ©atfeit, 
 
 S5anf, 
 
 SBegegnen, 
 
 33egiertg, 
 
 Set, 
 
 SBeibe, 
 
 33etbe$, 
 33eim, 
 33elet)ren, 
 SBefinnen, 
 SBefte, 
 SBeroegen, 
 23innen, 
 ©is, 
 SHtten, 
 Slciben, 
 gSvennen, 
 Sringen, 
 By, 
 
 12. 1. 
 
 Lessons 
 
 32. 2. 
 
 18. 8. 
 37. 1., 
 
 50. 2. 
 and 7. 
 
 20. 11 j 54. 7. 
 54. 8. 
 24. 2. 
 
 51. 2. 
 51. 2. 
 22. 3. 
 
 35. 3. 
 12.1. 
 24. 4. 
 31.1. 
 
 37.1.; 40.1. 
 36.1.; 38. 8. 
 
 36. 2. 
 12. 8. 
 
 C. 
 
 Capital initials, p. 21. 
 Cardinal numbers, p. 125. 
 Classified list of nouns, pp. 271-293. 
 Collocation of words, 4 ' 
 
 Comparative view of German, 
 
 English, and other Cognate 
 
 Languages, pp. 24 - 27. 
 Composing German, p. 63. 
 Compound consonants, p. 17. 
 
 Compound verbs, 
 ins 
 
 Compound words, 
 
 , accent of, 
 
 Conditional mood, 
 Consonants, p. 19. 
 
 Dative case, '• 
 preceding accusative, 
 
 42. 
 
 42. 1. and 3. 
 42. 2. and 3. 
 
 19. 
 19. 5. 
 
 3)aud)tett, 
 Definite article, 
 
 , declension of, 
 
 , use of, 14.2.; 
 
 Demonstrative pronouns, 
 Denfett, 
 
 £>enn, see ctkr. 
 £>ennod), 
 
 Der, 1.2.; 14.1.; 15.1.; 
 and 2.-, 28.3.; 29. 
 2)eren, 
 Derjcmge, 
 ©erfelbe, 
 2)c3, be§, 
 Deffen, 
 Xfcjto, 
 
 Determinative pronouns, 
 £iefer, 
 
 , declension of, 
 
 £<ic3, biefcS, 
 Diminutives, 
 £)ingen, 
 Diphthongs, p. 18. 
 
 Double letters, p. 17. 
 
 £refd)en, 
 
 £)imfen, 
 
 £urd), 
 
 2) tr$3, 
 
 £iirfen, 36 - 4 - 
 
 4t; 
 
 48.2. 
 
 29. 6. 
 
 52.; 53. 
 
 7.3. 
 
 Lessons 
 
 36. 3. 
 
 1. 2. 
 
 14. 1. 
 
 1., 2., 3., 
 
 4., and 5. 
 
 29. 
 
 36. 2. 
 
 47. 4. 
 17.7.; 27.1. 
 1., 2., awd 3. 
 
 29. 4. 
 
 2h 
 
 3.3 
 
 omd 2. 
 and 6. 
 
 29. 5. 
 
 29. 4. 
 21. 13. 
 
 • 28. 
 1. 2. 
 
 14.1. 
 
 29. 6. 
 ;19.1. 
 
 35. 2. 
 
 47. 4. 
 
 48. 2. 
 
 30. 2. 
 
 44. 3. 
 
 5. 1.; 42. 3. 
 
 24. 2. 
 
 37. 5 <m#* 15. 
 
 E. 
 
 ©gen, 13, 1L 
 Gin, p. 21. 
 
 2 1.; 15. 1.; 20. 8., 9., and 10.; 
 
 ' 26. 6. and 7. 
 
 ©inanber, JJ- ^ 
 
 ©iner, 
 
 emfatttg, 
 
 (£imger, 
 
 (Einmal, „ 
 
 ©in paar, 54> iy ' 
 
 23. 3. 
 
 1. 2.; 54. 11. 
 
 23. 5. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 (Sttel, 22. 
 
 <£nt&inben, entMofjen, entfyalten, 
 
 entftetben, entlaben, entlajten, 
 
 entfe&en, entttolmen, 
 (Sntgegen, 
 
 Sntlang, 
 
 (£r, fie, e$, 
 
 (Srfcarmen, 
 
 ©rfcfyretfen, 
 
 fcrfi, 
 
 £*, 
 
 gffen, 
 
 (£t»a«, p. 21. 
 
 , 15. 4. <md 7. ; 22. 3 
 
 51. 1. 
 12. 1. and 4. 
 52. 1. and 5. 
 
 1. 1. 
 51. 2. 
 
 30. 4. 
 24. 5. 
 
 25. 1., 2., <mrf 3. 
 
 31. 2. 
 
 54. 12. 
 
 F. 
 
 galten, 
 
 §etylen, 
 
 gtnben, 
 
 golgen, 
 
 Fractional numerals, 
 
 $veuen, 
 
 8*r, 
 
 Future participle, 
 
 G. 
 
 ©ctr, gcmj unb gar, 
 
 ©e&dren, 
 
 ©ekn, used impersonally, 
 
 ©ebrecfyen, 
 
 50. 1. and 2. 
 33. 2. 
 44. 4. 
 40. 1. 
 
 37. 
 23. 
 51. 
 
 50. 
 
 40. 
 
 5. 
 
 24. 
 
 41. 3. 
 
 ©ebenfen, 
 
 ©efallen, 
 
 ©egen, 
 
 ©egenitfcer, 
 
 ©ef>en,10.6. 
 
 ©eljoren, 
 
 ©eliiften, 
 
 ©emdfj, 
 
 ©en, 
 
 13. 2. 
 
 30. 6. 
 
 13. 12. 
 
 44. 4. 
 
 51. 6. 
 
 13. 8. 
 
 5.1. 
 
 12. 1. and 4. 
 
 7.; 40.1.; 44. 6. 
 
 24. 1. 
 
 51. 3. 
 
 12. 1. and 4. 
 
 5. 1. 
 
 Lessons 
 Gender, 2. 2., 3., and 4. 
 
 of compound nouns, 19. 5. 
 
 Gender-ending words, 1. 2. 
 
 , declension of, 14. 1. 
 
 , plural of, 17. 7. 
 
 General vocabulary, pp. 319 - 385. 
 ©enefen, 11. 2. 
 
 Genitive case, 6. ; 49. ; 50. ; 51. 
 
 used partitively, 50. 6. and 7. 
 
 ©enug, 54. 13. 
 
 ©cm, 13. 7. 
 
 ©efdje^en, 11. 3. 
 
 ©eroatyr, 60. 1. 
 
 ©ettolmt, 50. 1. and 2. 
 
 ©letc^en, 26. 5. 
 
 ©limmen, 35. 2. 
 
 Wen, 9.7.; 10.6.; 36.7.; 
 38. 1. 
 
 6al&, fatten, fatter, 49. 2. 
 
 barren, 
 
 £auen, 
 
 £etfkn, 34. 1. 
 
 £elfen, 
 
 £er, 48. 3. 
 
 £ier, 
 
 £tn, 48. 3. 
 
 Winter, 
 
 £>tnterm, 
 
 ■£>oren, 
 
 I. 
 
 Idiomatic expressions, 
 
 3ffa, 
 
 3m, 
 
 Imperative, 
 Impersonal verbs, 
 3n, 
 
 Indefinite article, 
 
 , declension of, 
 
 numerals, 
 
 pronouns, 
 
 2.1. 
 
 6. 
 
 42. 
 15.2. 
 21. 8. 
 
 37.2.; 
 ; 39. 1. 
 20. 11. 
 and 5. 
 
 51. 5. 
 
 33. 3. 
 ; 40. 1. 
 
 40. 1. 
 and 5. 
 
 48. 2. 
 and 5. 
 
 24. 1. 
 
 24. 2. 
 
 40. 1. 
 
 5.; 13.; 
 
 ; 43. 6. 
 
 ; 26. 3. 
 
 ; 24. 2. 
 
 41. 
 
 44. 
 
 24. 1. 
 
 2. 1. 
 
 15.1. 
 
 54. 
 
 15.4. 
 
10 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 Lessons 
 
 
 
 Lessons 
 
 Infinitive, 
 
 40. 
 
 Sanger, Icingere 3dt, 
 
 22. 8. 
 
 — — , formation of, 
 
 3. 2. 
 
 Sanger aid 
 
 
 22. 8. 
 
 Infinitive, active, with 
 
 passive 
 
 Sdngd, 
 
 
 52. 1. and 2. 
 
 signification, 
 
 10. 5. 
 
 Sang|l, 
 
 
 22. 8. 
 
   answering to Eng 
 
 . pres. 
 
 Saffen, 
 
 37. 12. 
 
 ar?^15.; 40. 6. 
 
 part., 
 
 10. 6. 
 
 Sauter, 
 
 
 22. a 
 
 as subject of the sentence, 40. 3. 
 
 Sebenbtg, p. 21. 
 
 
 
 used substantively, 
 
 10. 6. 
 
 Seer, 
 
 
 50. 1 and 2. 
 
 3nd, 
 
 24. 2. 
 
 Segen, 
 
 
 40. 1. 
 
 Interrogative pronouns, 
 
 15. 3. 
 
 Sefyren, 
 
 
 40. 1. 
 
 words, 
 
 7. 7.; 8. 7. 
 
 Set, 
 
 
 54. 15. 
 
 Inversion of subject and 
 
 verb, 8. 4. 
 
 Setben, 
 
 
 13. 9. 
 
 of verb and object, 
 
 8. 5. 
 
 Semen, 
 
 
 40. 1. 
 
 of independent sentences, 47. 2. 
 
 Scute, 
 
 
 18. 10. 
 
 3vgenb, 
 
 54. 14. 
 
 Stcgen, 
 
 
 31. 1. 
 
 Irregular verbs, see Anomalous 
 
 Sofjnen, 
 
 
 51. 3. 
 
 verbs. 
 
 
 Sod, 
 
 
 50. 1. 
 
 Iterative numerals, 
 
 23. 4. 
 
 Sofd)en, 
 Sodfpred)en, 
 
 
 35. 5. 
 51.1. 
 
 J. 
 
 
 Siiften, 
 
 
 51. 3. 
 
 3ammern, 
 
 51. 3. 
 
 
 
 
 3e . . . je, je . . . bejh), 
 
 je... 
 
 
 M. 
 
 
 um fo, 
 
 21. 13. 
 
 sffladjen, 
 
 
 40. 1. 
 
 3eber, 
 
 1. 2.; 20. 10. 
 
 9flaMen, 
 
 
 32. 4. 
 
 3ebermamt, p. 21. 
 
 
 9Jfabnen, 
 
 
 51. 2. 
 
 , 
 
 15. 4. 
 
 9ftan, 
 
 
 15. 4. and 5. 
 
 3emanb, p. 21. 
 
 
 9Kandjer, 
 
 
 1. 2.; 54. 16. 
 
 3ener, 
 3cned, 
 
 15. 4. 
 
 1. 2. 
 
 29. 6. 
 
 SKand), 
 9#angeln, 
 Sflann, 
 
 
 20. 5. 
 44. 4. 
 18. 8. 
 
 %$m% 
 
 22. 8. 
 
 SWanndjen, 
 
 
 19. 2. 
 
 K. 
 
 
 3Ke|T, 
 
 
 22. 5. and 10. 
 
 
 Sttetn, 
 
 
 2.1.; 17.7. 
 
 fletn, 2. 1.; 
 
 17. 7.; 26. 6. 
 
 Mfeit, 
 
 
 35. 2. 
 
 Reiner, 
 
 54. 10. 
 
 99Kf, 
 
 
 42. 3. 
 12.1. 
 
 Bennett, 
 
 36. 1.; 38. 8. 
 
 smt, 
 
 
 jftimmen, 
 
 35. 2. 
 
 8R5&tt, 
 
 
 16. 6. 
 
 $ommen, 
 
 30. 1. 
 
 Modal auxiliaries, 
 
 37. 
 
 tfonnen, 36. 4.; 37. 
 
 3., 7., cwwZ 15. 
 
 9ftogen, 
 
 36. 4. 
 
 37. 8. awd 15. 
 
 ffojten, 
 
 53. 7. 
 
 SR&att$ft, 
 SRftbe, 
 
 
 22. 8. 
 50. 1. 
 
 L. 
 
 
 Multiplicative 
 
 numerals, 
 
 Sad)en, 
 
 51. 7. 
 
 9fluffen, 
 
 36. 4. 
 
 , 37. 9. and id. 
 17.4. 
 
 Saben, 
 
 32. 3. 
 
 Gutter, 
 
 
INDEX. 
 
 11 
 
 N. 
 5fo4 
 
 9?ad> £aufe, 
 ITdclfl, 
 
 9?amltdj, see after, 
 Sfteben, 
 
 Sflzbmm, 
 
 9?ennen, 36. l.j 38, 
 
 9?tc^t roafjr, tudjt, 
 
 Stftcfyt eljer, al$ MS, 
 
 «Rtc$t3, p. 21. 
 
 12. 1., 4., a-»d 5. 
 12. 6. 
 12. 1. 
 
 24. 1. 
 
 12. 1. 
 
 30. 3. 
 40. 1. 
 
 13. 3. 
 24. 6. 
 
 9?temanb, p. 21. 
 
 15,4.; 22. 3. 
 
 15. 4. 
 13. 6. 
 1.; 2.; 3. 
 
 Nominative case, 
 
 Nouns, compounded with nouns, 
 adjectives, numerals, verbs, 
 adverbs, prepositions, 19. 3. 
 
 , old declension of, 8. 2. 
 
 , new declension of, 16. 1. and 2. 
 
 , mixed declension of, 16. 3. 
 
 , plural, 17.; 18. 
 
 , irregular plural, 
 
 , table of declensions 
 
 , used in apposition, 
 
 Numerals, 
 
 18. 
 
 17. 
 
 17. 9. 
 
 23. 
 
 0. 
 
 Ofr, 12. 1.; 52. 1. andd. 
 
 Dbgteid), obfdjon, obttofyl, 47. 3. and 4. 
 Dber, see aber. 
 
 One, 13. 10. 
 
 Ordinal numbers, p. 125. 
 
 P. 
 
 Participles, 41. 
 
 , comparison of, 21. 12. 
 
 Perfect participle, formation of, 8. 3. 
 Perfect tense, answering to Eng. 
 
 imperf., 10. 4. 
 spfleseri, 11. 2.; 35. 3. 
 Possessive pronouns, 2. 1. 
 , declension of, 15. 2. 
 
 Lessons 
 Prepositions governing the ace, 5. 1. 
 
 dat., 12. 1. 
 
 ace. or dat., 24. 1. 
 
 gen., 49. 
 
 gen. or dat., 52. 1., 2., 3., and 4. 
 
 gen., dat., or ace. 52. 5. 
 
 , contraction of, with the 
 
 def. art., 24. 4. 
 
 Present tense, use of, 10. 2. and 3. 
 Pronouns of the 3d pers. used 
 
 for the 2d, 1. 4. ; 9. 2. 
 
 Queflen. 
 
 35.4. 
 
 R. 
 
 Reading Lessons, pp. 296 - 318. 
 Reflexive pronouns, 9. 4. and 5. ; 25. 
 Reflexive verbs, 43. 
 
 Relative pronouns, 27. 
 
 Relative sentences, position of, 27. 3. 
 ^ennert, 36. 1.; 38. 8. 
 
 S. 
 
 ©albeit, 
 
 ©ammt, 
 
 Salt, 
 
 ©fatten, 
 
 ©djamen, 
 
 <3d)Ietfen, 
 
 <3d)tnet$en, 
 
 <3d)nauben, 
 
 ©cfyrauben, 
 
 <Sd)recfen, 
 
 <Sd)roten, 
 
 <Sd)uIbig, 
 
 Sfymftm, 
 
 <3eljen, 
 
 <Sein, 
 
 (Sett, 
 
 Setbjr, 
 
 ©enben, 
 
 33. 2, 
 12. 1 
 
 50. 1, 
 35. 2 
 
 51. 2 
 
 34. 2 
 35, 
 35 
 85, 
 30. 
 88, 
 
 ). 8.; 14. 3. and 4.) 
 37. 1. and 3. ; 38. 1. 
 
 50. 3. 
 
 35. 4. 
 
 40. 1. 
 36. 9.; 
 ; 39. 1. 
 
 12. 1. 
 
 25. 8. 
 ; .38. 8. 
 
 25. 7. 
 
12 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ©te, 
 
 
 9. 3. 
 
 Verbs, position of, in subordi- 
 
 ©ieben, 
 
 
 35. 2. 
 
 nate sentences, 8. 6. ; 47. 1. 
 
 ©ifcen, 
 
 
 31. 1. 
 
 , new conj., 10. 1. 
 
 @o, 16. 7. ; 20. 11. ; 27. 1. ; 47. 3. and 4. 
 
 > , paradigm of, 45. 
 
 ©otfyrr, 1.2.; 20.8 
 
 and 9. , 
 
 28. 1., 
 
 , old conj., 11. ; 30. ; 31. ; 32. ; 33. ; 
 
 
 7-; 
 
 and 8. 
 
 34.; 35.; 38. 7. 
 
 @olc§, 
 
 
 20. 5. 
 
 , , paradigm of, 45. 
 
 Sullen, 36. 4.; 37. 10. 
 
 awe? 15. 
 
 ; 41. 7. 
 
 , , formation of imperf, 11. 4. 
 
 Some, 
 
 
 15. 6. 
 
 1 i form, of perf. part., 11. 5. 
 
 ©onber, 
 
 
 5. 1. 
 
 , , first class, 30. 
 
 ©onbcrn, see after. 
 
 
 
 , , second class, 31. 
 
 ©onfr, 
 
 
 13. 6. 
 
 , , third class, 32. 
 
 ©palten, 
 
 
 33. 2. 
 
 , , fourth class, 33. 
 
 ©pajtren, 
 
 
 40. 1. 
 
 , , fifth class, 34. 
 
 ©potten, 
 
 
 51. 7. 
 
 , , sixth class, 35. 
 
 ©tecfen, 
 
 
 30. 5. 
 
 , , connected view of 
 
 ©tefyen, 
 
 36. 5. 
 
 ; 38. 7. 
 
 root-vowels, 35. 6. 
 
 Subjunctive mood, 
 
 
 38. 
 
 , , connected view of 
 
 Subordinating conjunctions, 
 
 15. 8. 
 
 rules and exceptions, pp. 260 
 
 
 
 
 -262. 
 
 T. 
 
 
 
 , , alphabetical list of, 
 
 
 
 pp. 262-271. 
 
 2ftun, 
 
 36.6. 
 
 ; 38. 7. 
 
 ©erberften, 30. 4. 
 
 £od)ter, 
 
 
 17. 4. 
 
 ©erftc&ern, 51. 1. 
 
 Streten, 
 
 
 31. 3. 
 
 ©ertrojlen, 51. 2. 
 
 Striefen, 
 
 
 35. 2. 
 
 ©iel, 54. 17. and 18. 
 
 £rofc, 
 
 
 52. 1. 
 
 ©oil, 50. 4. 
 ©om, 42. 2. 
 
 U. 
 
 
 
 ©on, 12. 1. and 7. 
 
 ttefter, 
 
 24.1. 
 
 ; 42. 3. 
 
 ©on gu £aufe, 12. 6. 
 
 ttefterfuljren, 
 
 
 51. 1. 
 
 ©or, 24. 1. 
 
 lleftergeugen, 
 
 
 51. 1. 
 
 Vowels, p. 18. 
 
 Urn, 
 
 51. 
 
 42. 3. 
 
 
 Urn gu, 
 
 
 10. 7. 
 
 
 Umlaut, p. 18. 
 Urn — nritten, 
 
 
 
 W. 
 
 49.3. 
 
 and 5. 
 
 5Bagen, 35. 2. 
 
 Unt3, 
 
 
 24. 2. 
 
 SBa&ren, 51. 4. 
 
 tlnb, see after* 
 
 
 
 SBafyrneftmen, 51. 4. 
 
 Unfafng, 
 
 
 50. 2. 
 
 SBatten, 51. 7. 
 
 Ungeroofynr, 
 
 
 50. 1. 
 
 SBarten, 51. 4. 
 
 ttttier, 
 
 24.1. 
 
 42. 3. 
 
 2SaS, 15. 3. ; 22. 3. ; 27. 5. and 7. ; 28. 5. 
 
 
 
 
 28a$ fur, 15. 3. 
 
 V. 
 
 
 
 SBeften, 35. 2. 
 
 
 
 SSegen, 49. 4. and 5. 
 
 Verbs, single form of 
 
 conjuga- 
 
 
 2Beift$en, 19- 2. 
 
 tion, 
 
 
 6. 4. 
 
 SBenfym, 34.2.; 37.1. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 13 
 
 
 Lessons 
 
 SBettf>er, 1. 2. 
 
 ; 15. 3. and 7.; 27. 1. 
 
 
 a?w2 2. 
 
 2BeI$e3, 
 
 29. 6. 
 
 2Bel<$, 
 
 20. 5. 
 
 SBenben, 
 
 36. l.j 38. 8. 
 
 SBenig, 
 
 54. 17. and 18. 
 
 SBenn, 
 
 15. 8.; 47. 3. 
 
 2Ber, 
 
 15. 3. ; 27. 7. ; 28. 5. 
 
 SBerben, 14 6. ; 
 
 36.8.; 37.1.; 38. 1,; 
 
 
 39. 1. ; 45. 1. and 2. 
 
 &erif, 
 
 50. 1. and 5. 
 
 2Be$, we§, 
 
 29. 5. 
 
 2Btber, 
 
 5. 1.; 42. 3. 
 
 SBie, 
 
 13. 5.; 47. 3. 
 
 SSteber, 
 
 42. 3. 
 
 SBiegen, 
 
 35.3. 
 
 SBteatelfie, 
 
 
 23. 1. 
 
 SBiffen, 
 
 
 36. 4. 
 
 SMen, 
 
 36.4.; 
 
 37. 11. and 15. 
 
 2Bort, 
 
 
 18. 8. 
 
 2Bimbern, 
 
 
 51. 2. 
 
 SBiirbe, 
 
 Z. 
 
 16. 6. 
 
 3u, 12.1., 
 
 5., awd 7. 
 
 ; 20.11.; 46. 7. 
 
 Bufotge, 
 
 
 52. 1. and 4. 
 
 Bitfrteben, 
 
 
 50. 1. 
 
 3u £aufe, 
 
 
 12. 6. 
 
 3um, 
 
 
 21. 8.; 24. 2. 
 
 3ur, 
 
 
 24. 2. 
 
 3uwtber, 
 
 
 12. 1. awe? 4. 
 
 3»if$en, 
 
 
 24.1. 
 
14: GERMAN CURRENT-HAND. 
 
 ©roge $8ufy\taUn. Capital Jctte. 
 
 ABC D ( r/ E F /<X G /y n l 
 
 IK 
 
 ^/r/ ^ 
 
 J K 
 
 MWMW 
 
 T U V 
 
 ■>;u£vza„ ^ctz 
 
 ^^ - 
 
 SCH ST 
 
 JEU AU AI (A/ EI A A/ EU 
 
 JUcitie 33udifto&en. 
 
 SSmall ^titers. 
 
 <2> 
 
 ^tx^^tj^ 
 
 ^?y ^fc 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 /9 
 
 ^^4- 
 
 w^?< 
 
 - M' ^X l 
 
 J 
 
 s s 
 
 ^TJ ^<^J/J ^jb ^JS* 
 
 p 
 
 &■■ 
 
 
 ^f^^t* 
 
 ^y^^v 
 
 ^ //^/^ ^//^ p^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 /^/^ y/py 
 
GERMAN CURRENT-HAND. 15 
 
 Srfte Slufgabe. <f irst ferrist. 
 
 C^^t^z^<zz^z<z^ J^&-zz^--C-z^z<z^ 
 
 -z-z<z^^ 
 
 a 
 
 *^/^z<z>^z>^6 ^c^r^z-z^z-^ 
 C^t^r-^x^L<zJi^z^z^ 
 
 is 
 
 $^ 
 
 
 -zz^z^ 
 
 
 -^^£<%3^Z^Z>Z^Z£>^Z^^^ 
 
16 GERMAN CURRENT-HAND. 
 
 3n>eite Shtfgabc. ^etonb femse. 
 
 ^'O^L^fPTC^ ts^JC- 
 
 
 <^^7r^ 
 
 £^J^%^^*J^ 
 
 ^fg^t^ZZ- 
 
 
 ^^g>g^^i>f^ 
 

 
 ALPHABET. 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 KWatet. 
 
 
 Alphabet. 
 
 
 German. 
 
 English. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Examples in Pronunciation. 
 
 % a. 
 
 A, a. 
 
 Ah. 
 
 tilt 
 
 %al 
 
 Sftttt 
 
 SB, B. 
 
 B, b. 
 
 Bay. 
 
 ©all. 
 
 8a$tt. 
 
 in. 
 
 G, c. 
 
 C, c. 
 
 Tsay. 
 
 (£eber. 
 
 (£ere3. 
 
 Getfe. 
 
 % b. 
 
 D, d. 
 
 Day. 
 
 Sarin. 
 
 $ar. 
 
 33atb. 
 
 <g, c. 
 
 E, e. 
 
 A. 
 
 @nbe. 
 
 {$6en. 
 
 (S&e. 
 
 », f. 
 
 F, f. 
 
 Eff. 
 
 Sett 
 
 «fc. 
 
 ffanb. 
 
 * 9. 
 
 G, g- 
 
 ©e. 1 
 
 ^ege. 
 
 Seflen. 
 
 $arg. 
 
 §> !)• 
 
 H, h. 
 
 Hah. 
 
 §elb. 
 
 ©eljen. 
 
 §atfe. 
 
 3, i. 
 
 I, i. 
 
 E (i, pique). 
 
 3&i$. 
 
 »flfc 
 
 $3tng. 
 
 3, i- 
 
 J, j. 
 
 Yote. 
 
 3a. 
 
 3ebcr. 
 
 3a*r. 
 
 $t, t 
 
 K, k. 
 
 Kah. 
 
 tamnt. 
 
 terfer. 
 
 Bennett. 
 
 8, I. 
 
 L, 1. 
 
 Ell. 
 
 8 a mm. 
 
 5Itte^. 
 
 fitnbe. 
 
 aw, m. 
 
 M, m. 
 
 Emm. 
 
 SRir. 
 
 2tm. 
 
 SRilbe. 
 
 SR, n. 
 
 N, n. 
 
 Enn. 
 
 itttfe. 
 
 £)ann. 
 
 Harr. 
 
 0, 0. 
 
 0, 0. 
 
 Oh. 
 
 Otjm. 
 
 33ate. 
 
 23ott. 
 
 ¥, #. 
 
 P, p. 
 
 Pay. 
 
 gjcter. 
 
 Stappt. 
 
 qjore. 
 
 O, q. 
 
 Q, q. 
 
 Koo. 
 
 0ua(. 
 
 Outtte. 
 
 Ouette. 
 
 9t, r. 
 
 R, r. 
 
 Err (13). 
 
 Rettcr. 
 
 £)er. 
 
 ttabe. 
 
 ®, f,l. 
 
 , S, s. 
 
 Ess. 
 
 Samen. 
 
 Dal. 
 
 Sefen. 
 
 X, t. 
 
 T, t. 
 
 Tay. 
 
 $We. 
 
 matte. 
 
 Safel. 
 
 tt, u. 
 
 U, u. 
 
 Oo (ooze). 
 
 mu. 
 
 S3rut. 
 
 ©lit 
 
 $, a. 
 
 V, v. 
 
 Fow. 
 
 Nation. 
 
 Cater. 
 
 Setter. 
 
 29B, to. 
 
 W, w. 
 
 Vay (18). 
 
 gaffer. 
 
 (Srtoin. 
 
 UButtber. 
 
 X, J. 
 
 X, x. 
 
 Ix. 
 
 £a&er. 
 
 £cre. 
 
 Mfi. 
 
 », 9. 
 
 Y, 7- 
 
 Ipsilon. 
 
 $pern. 
 
 Gtyrus. 
 
 Stjbten. 
 
 3, a- 
 
 Z, z. 
 
 Tset. 
 
 gotte. 
 
 .gufcer. 
 
 $att$er. 
 
 JC. 
 
 &c. 
 
 (it. f. f. = unb fo fort ; 
 
 etc. = and 
 
 so forth.) 
 
 1 ©, as ] 
 
 pronounced 
 
 in the alphabet, has its guttural sound as in rejJC (10). 
 
 #ufammenncfeftte Gonfonanten 
 
 Compound Consonants and 
 
 unb urr5o|)|)cltc ©udjfia&en. 
 
 Double Letters. 
 
 rf) (A) =   
 
 tsay-hah ; 
 
 rf (ck) = tsay-kah ; f (fj (sch) 
 
 = es-tsay-hah ; ff (#). 
 
 n (*) = « 
 
 2S-tay ; 
 
 ft (sz) = es-tset 
 
 ; fc (^ 
 
 = tay-tset ; 
 
 ee (ee). 
 
 Letters when doubled are pronounced separately : \ 
 
 ff=f — f, not double f, &c. 
 
18 VOWELS. UMLAUTS. DIPHTHONGS. 
 
 Rotate. Vowels. 
 
 1. The vowels are tt, C, t, fl, U, t), and are pronounced as follows : 
 % a like a in ah, -marl : $ab. ©aal. ©tatt. ML 
 
 (U f c like e in jw«y, very ; (£be(. «£>eer. Alette. (£rbc 
 
 $, i like i in pique, ill : £>tr. 33ilb. iltnb. SRtppe.. 
 
 O t like o in no, not : Dben. SWoor. SWotte. 2ot\ 
 
 tt, tt like o, oo in do, moon .* Unten. £unb. ©utter. ttftr. 
 
 $, |) like i in fetr, ©ilt» : gjfop. Styx, ©grup. 2B»tf. 
 
 2. Vowels are lengthened, 1. when doubled ; 2. at the e?ic7 of 
 accented syllables, and 3. in a syllable with silent fj : 
 
 ©ctat, leer, SWooS ; $aben, lefen, SD^ine, ©ote, $uber, (Egrud ; mat)ten, £efy(er, tf)tt, 
 ^l, ru&t, ©tufcl; SPaar, laben, befynen, Scaler, ?c. 
 
 3* 3> h m l° n & when followed by c in the same syllable : 
 Stefce, fyter, x>ier, me, $ricbe, ftekn, £>teb, £)ief)(e, 93tene. 
 
 4. Towels are shortened (gefdjarft), 1. when followed by a dou- 
 ble consonant, and 2. often, when followed by two consonants : 
 
 $<Me, SWejTer, tettig, SRotte, ©uppe ; Zaftig, belter, filter, $oIfier, munter. 
 
 t 
 
 ttmlattte. Umlauts. 
 
 5. The umlauts are $(c or tt, ©C or 5, Ue or it, and are 
 
 pronounced as follows : 
 
 5le, a nearly like e : STepfel. partner, fpat, 8ejfo 
 
 Oc r as in Del. 3>5bel. ®ott)e. 9JJo»e. 
 
 tte, it as in Uebung. Gutter. (Sub. SHifo 
 
 For i) and ii there are in English no corresponding sounds. The French 
 eu in pair answers nearly to 0, and u in the word vu, to ii. The C of the 
 umlauts, unless they are capitals, is usually expressed hy two dots, as in the 
 above examples. 
 
 StMttjonge. Diphthongs. 
 
 6. The diphthongs are ttt (or ttt)), ttU, Ct (or Ct))> CU, tttt, and 
 
 are pronounced as follows : 
 
 9lt, at (or at)), like ay in aye : 6at. 2RaiS. 2aifc. 2Ratn. 
 
 9ltt, au, like <m in fcowsc : £au3. WlauZ. %au. dlaub. 
 
 (&i, Ct (or el)), like i in die : Settu $em. $eit. 2eib. 
 
 (Sit, CU, like oi in o#; gute.   £eu. 9fteute. Sfrftttt. 
 
 5lCtt, Ott, like ett in §eu : ^aufer. SlcugeTn. ©aumeu. SWufcer. 
 
CONSONANTS. 19 
 
 Gonfottuntett. Consonants. 
 
 7. 8, b, f, % t, I, m, n, j, q, y, &> rt, ff sound like 
 
 b, d, f, h, k, I, m, n, p, q, x, ck, ph, ss in English. 
 
 8. (£, C, before a, 0, U, sounds like k ; before a, 0, C, t, I), it 
 
 sounds like j (£s) : 
 
 <£afle, £ompa§, Gur; Gafar, <£5Ifoat', (£eber, GtrcuS, EgmM. 
 
 "9. ©5/ fy* I* m worQ, s taken from foreign languages, retains 
 its original sound j 2. when followed by f (0) in the same 
 syllable, it has the sound of k; 3. in other positions it has 
 a guttural sound : 
 
 Sfjor (choir), (E&arlatan (charlatan) ; Dd)fe, 2Bad)3, fe$3 ; nad), 0iad)e, fad)t, 
 Sod), £)od)r, 33ud)e, $ud)en, £ud), 9taud), taudjen, 1)0 d). 
 
 1. To produce the guttural sound of dj, take for experiment the word 
 Ipod} ; pronounce fid precisely like our word ho ! giving, however, as full 
 and prolonged a breathing at the end as at the beginning, thus hoh = Ijodj. 
 
 2. When not preceded by Q, 0, U, or Hit, as also in the suffix djett, a 
 slight hissing sound of sh naturally attaches to d) : 
 
 red)t, id>, retd), end), icbd)crn, btd)t, m$d)te, Str^e, Serene. 
 
 10. ©, g, at the'beginning of a word, or when doubled, has 
 the sound of g in ^>, niggard ; after tt in the same syllable, it 
 sounds like our g hard in like position : 
 
 ©abel, gut, <£gge ; ©anger, lang, 33tngen, 3T$tung, fRi&elmtgeit. 
 
 At the end of a radical syllable, or in the combinations gg, gb, gt, 0$, 
 its sound approaches that of guttural dj (9.) : 
 
 SKagen, SBogen, Sugenb, £ag, £rog, flrug, Sflagb, SugS, lugt, logfi, arg, Salg, 
 <£gel, Setpstg, trage, Suge, SRagbe, S&gte; legte, fdgjt, 2)egen, ntogen. 
 
 11. §, 5, unless it begins a syllable, is silent, but serves to 
 lengthen its vowel : 
 
 me$r, l'of)n, t&un, 2Kcu)f, tym, fiU)n, Stfjne, D$m, <Sof)n, £a$n. 
 
 12. 3, j sounds like y consonant : 
 
 3a§r, 3ube, Sanuar, 3uM, jener, 3unfer, j'eber, 3ager, jung. 
 
 13. 91, f, unless in an unaccented syllable or after a long 
 vowel, is uttered with a trill or vibration of the throat : 
 
 $egen, Sfcofcr, rein, arg, fWarf, mix, barren, ©pane. 
 
20 ACCENT. 
 
 14. (g>, f, at the beginning of a syllable, has a sound between 
 that of z and 5 : 
 
 <Sofyn, ©itnbe, ftnb, gefunb, <Sanb, <Sumpf, <StegeI, fac^te, <5aoel. 
 
 1. Sdjlltft 8 (final g) instead of f is employed at the end of a syllable, 
 except when ff is used : 
 
 ®a$, 9>ot3bam, auSfpredjen, roeiSfagen, jc, but SBafler, efl*en, *c. 
 
 2. The sound of f before p or t at the beginning of a syllable, as recog- 
 nized by German orthoepists, is between that of f dj and the lisping f ; for 
 this sound, however, there is an extensive provincial substitution of the 
 f $ sound : 
 
 <Spiel, ©pom, <Spra*e, (Stadjel, ©tanb, ©tuljl, auSfteflen, jler&en. 
 
 15. (S>(f), fdj sounds like sh : 
 
 <5d)Ub, ©djiff, rafd), £ifd), grofdj, ©djaf, fdjarf, £afd)e, mifaen. 
 
 16. X, t sounds like £ in tes£ ; in words taken from Latin or 
 French, { sounds like 3, when in English t sounds like sh : 
 
 £ert, %xt ; (Station' (pronounced Sto-Jl^on), station, Nation', 
 
 17. 95, t) sounds like / in fit ; in foreign words it sounds like v : 
 
 Setter, ©esat'ter ; Sene'big, $erfaiae$, 33anba'Ie, Vermont', 
 
 18. SB, tU has a sound between that of-w and v ; after a con- 
 sonant in the same syllable it sounds somewhat like w : 
 
 2Bdt, SBaffer, ©cfymaloe, fdjtmmmen, jtoet, grt>an3ig / jtt>in<$en. 
 
 19. Q, J sounds like ts : 
 
 Qaty, 3a$n, 3)clg, 3inn, 3tmmer, $oIji, 3ange, gtemen, gittern. 
 
 20 i $ (f° rme( i of f an d j) sounds like ss ) and never begin 
 ) ty (formed of t and j) sounds like J i a word : 
 
 glujj, fltefjen, 3>lafc, nufclid), liej, *Ru§, 3>ufc, <5d)ufc, fla&e. 
 
 Accent. Accent. 
 
 21. Words take the primary accent on the first syllable, 
 unless otherwise noted : 
 
 <S^rup, 9>apier', geoen, verge'ben, potter, gefol'tert, barter, aemar'tert. 
 
 1. Tn words compounded with a separable particle (L. 42.), or with the 
 prefix Utt, the primary accent is on the first syllable : 
 
 aft fatten, afcgefaUen, tttta.efdl% ungettoljnltd), Utttudjtia,, Uttpaffenb. 
 
CAPITAL INITIALS. 21 
 
 2. (gt final and also tt* (or itx), in verbs ending in ireit (or tcrcn), take 
 the accent : 
 
 ©djreifcerei', XmUx', polt'ren, jhibi'ren, Tt^ft'ren, ntarfd)i'rett. 
 
 3. Foreign words that have dropped the original endings usually take 
 the accent on the last syllable : 
 
 2Tbmtral', eontrajV, Gontraff, Slltar', Salfon', <Earbmal\ 
 
 4. Foreign words that have taken German endings are generally accent- 
 ed on the penult ; those that remain unchanged in form often retain the 
 original accent : 
 
 9fyot&e'fer, frcmao'fifd), Me'gtum, SJMnifte'rium, (Eonftjto'riunu 
 
 5. Other words are accented on the radical or primitive syllable, thus 
 corresponding to our words of Saxon origin : 
 
 SBtnbmuljle (windmill), greunbfcfyaft (friendship), »erfle'I)en (understand), 
 »erbit'ten (forbid). 
 
 iicbf n'btg is the only exception to this rule. 
 
 6. In German, as in English, the accent is often varied for the sake of 
 contrast or emphasis : 
 
 (£r ijl nid)t licfeljrt, fonbern ticrfe^rt. He is not converted, but averted. 
 
 ©rofte Wnfangebudjftabcn. Capital Initials. 
 
 22. In German, capital initials are used 1. in nouns and 
 words used as nouns ; 2. in pronouns of the third person, used 
 
 for the second (L. l.); 3. in gcbcrmann, Semanb, and *Riemanb, 
 
 and in dttottS and 9Htf)t3 used substantively; 4. in (£m, as 
 distinguished from the article ; and 5. in adjectives derived from 
 names of 2)ersons and places (not of countries) : 
 
 £)er SKann l)6rt bad ©tngen bed £lei* The man hears the singing of the 
 
 neit. little (one). 
 
 3d) fef)c 3cmctnb ; cr fcrtngt mtr (£ttt>ad, I see somebody ; he brings me some- 
 
 aber nid)td SBcrtfysotled (L. 22. 3.). thing, but nothing valuable. 
 
 2)iefed (Sine $)ferb tft fiir <5ie, bad anbrc This one horse is for you, the other 
 
 ijl fiir 3fyren ^rcunb. is for your friend. 
 
 Ta$ fcreufctfdje 33tau ijl etne SIbart bed The Prussian blue is a variety of 
 
 tm IMwel'ft&en Safeorato'rium erfun* the Berlin blue, invented in the 
 
 benen ©erli'ner SBlau. laboratory of Dippel. 
 
22 
 
 EXERCISES IN PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 lltfiungen in tier 9lu8f$irai!}c. Exercises in Pronunciation. 
 
 23. There are in every language peculiar sounds which re- 
 quire to be repeatedly heard before they can be uttered, — heard 
 not only in disconnected articulations, but as modified in words, 
 pronounced both separately and in sentences. The only suc- 
 cessful guide of the voice to a correct pronunciation is a care- 
 fully educated ear. 
 
 Masculine. 
 Der£agifUell(L.2.2). 
 The day is light. 
 Der 9ttonb ifl Meid). 
 The moon is pale. 
 Der <5d)ttee ifl rcetfj. 
 The snow is white. 
 Der 9eubin'ifl rotb. 
 The ruhy is red. 
 Der eta&l ift l)art. 
 The steel is hard. 
 Der Sleiftift iff fyai 
 The pencil is hard. 
 Der Sepptd) tfl fdjon. 
 The carpet is beautiful. 
 Der teller tfl tier. 
 The cellar is deep. 
 Der Slbler ift fittm. 
 The eagle is bold. 
 Der SBcir tfl wtlb. 
 The bear is wild. 
 Der £o»e briillt. 
 The lion roars. 
 Der SBolf fault. 
 The wolf howls. 
 Der £unb Mt. 
 The dog barks. 
 Der grofd) quaft. 
 The frog croaks. 
 Der SBegel Ttngt. 
 The bird sings. 
 Der £afyn fraty. 
 The cock crows. 
 
 Feminine. 
 Die 5Ra#t iff bunfel. 
 The night is dark. 
 Die (Sonne ifl faifj. 
 The sun is hot. 
 Die Suft ifl warm. 
 The air is warm. 
 £)ie So&le ifl fdjworg. 
 The coal is black. 
 Die ©etbe ifl fein. 
 The silk is fine. 
 Die $eber ifl neu. 
 The pen is new. 
 Die Xoiire ifl fletn. 
 The door is small. 
 Die $itd)e ifl fletn. 
 The kitchen is small. 
 Die ©and ifl fett. 
 The goose is fat. 
 Die £afce ifl fdjlau. 
 The cat is sly. 
 •Die ihtfc, ntuljt. 
 The cow lows. 
 Die 3teg,e ntecfert. 
 The goat bleats. 
 Die 5?a£e mtaut. 
 The cat wauls. 
 Die 33iene fummt. 
 The bee buzzes. 
 Die Sercfa trillert. 
 The lark warbles. 
 Die (£nte fdjnattert. 
 The duck quacks. 
 
 Neuter. 
 DaS Sak tfl lattjj. 
 The year is long. 
 Dad ^Better ifl gitnfltg. 
 The weather is favorable. 
 Dae ©offer ift fait. 
 The water is cold. 
 Dad ©olb ift gelfc. 
 The gold is yellow. 
 Dad Ceber ift ttvid). 
 The leather is soft. 
 Dad 33ud) ifl alt. 
 The book is old. 
 Dad ftenfter ifl fad). 
 The window is high. 
 T>a^ £aud ifl gro§. 
 The house is large. 
 Dad 9?otl)fef)ld)en tfl fcfan. 
 The robin is pretty. 
 T>a^ Stalb tfl fcraun. 
 The calf is brown. 
 Dad $ferb ttiefart. 
 The horse neighs. 
 Dad <S$af bloft. 
 The sheep baas. 
 1)a^ i*amm fptelt. 
 The lamb plays. 
 Dad (£id)farnd)en flettert. 
 The squirrel climbs. 
 Dad £dd*en fyitpft. 
 The hare jumps. 
 Dad £ul)nd)en ptept. 
 The chicken pips. 
 
EXERCISES IN PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 23 
 
 Singular. 
 Der S3erg ift f)od). 
 Tlie mountain is high. 
 Der tfntjj tjl t)p()l. 
 Tlie pitcher is hollow. 
 t>tt jammer ift ein SBerfjeug. 
 The hammer is a tool. 
 Der ©trumpf itf »on 23offe. 
 The stocking is of wool. 
 Der ©djufy ift son ©tanjleber. 
 The shoe is of patent leather. 
 Der ©ticfel ifi ya rocit. 
 The boot is too wide. 
 Der g>antof fel ift ncu. 
 The slipper is new. 
 Die SBirne ift rrif. 
 The pear is ripe. 
 SDfc SRofe ijl cine 23lume. 
 The rose is a flower. 
 Die ftebcr ift etn <Sd)reibgcrdtbe. 
 The pen is a writing instrument. 
 Die ;ftad)tigaU ift em ©imruogel. 
 The nightingale is a singing bird 
 Die <3d)tt>albc ift ein 3ua»pgel. 
 The swallow is a bird of passage. 
 Die gafyne flatten. 
 The flag flutters. 
 Die U()r pitft. 
 The clock ticks. 
 Dad 9iab ift nmb. 
 The wheel is round. 
 Dad ©lad ift jerbredjlid). 
 The glass is brittle. 
 Dad £aud ijl ein ©ebdube. 
 The house is a building. 
 1)ni 3immer ift gvofj. 
 The room is large. 
 Dad Stiffen tfl tteid). 
 The pillow is soft. 
 Dad flameel' ift ein i'afttfner. 
 The camel is a beast of burden. 
 Dad 33eild>en btiil)t. 
 The violet blossoms. 
 
 Plural. 
 Die JBerge finb ijod). 
 The mountains are high. 
 Die ftriige finb fyofyl. 
 The pitchers are hollow. 
 Die jammer finb 3Berf^euae. 
 The hammers are tools. 
 Die ©trinnpfe finb ttott SoUe. 
 The stockings are of wool. 
 Die ©duifye finb »on ©lansleber. 
 The shoes are of patent leather. 
 Die ©tiefel finb ju roeit. 
 The boots are too wide. 
 Die $antoffel finb neu. 
 The slippers are new. 
 Die 33irnen finb reif. 
 The pears are ripe. 
 Die $ofen finb SMunren. 
 The roses are flowers. 
 Die $ebcrn finb <Sd)reiba.erdtf)e. 
 The pens are writing instruments. 
 Die ^iad)tit3allen finb ©togwgel. 
 The nightingales are singing birds. 
 Die Sd)tt>alben finb 3uavi>a,el. 
 The swallows are birds of passage. 
 Die ^a&nen flattem. 
 The flags flutter. 
 Die Uliren picfen. 
 The clocks tick. 
 Die ftdber finb runb. 
 The wheels are round. 
 Die ®ldfer finb *erbred)ltd). 
 The glasses are brittle. 
 Die £dufer finb ©ebdube. 
 The houses are buildings. 
 Die Bintmer finb grop. 
 The rooms are large. 
 Die $tffen finb roeid). 
 The pillows are soft. 
 Die itamecle finb I'afttbjer. 
 The camels are beasts of burden. 
 Die 23eild)en bliifyen. 
 The violets blossom. 
 
COMPARATIVE VIEW OF GERMAN, ENGLISH, AND 
 OTHER COGNATE LANGUAGES. 
 
 Indo-European (Indo-Germanic or Aryan) is the usual desig- 
 nation of the great body of kindred nations which overran near- 
 ly all Southwestern Asia and the whole of Europe. Although, 
 as descendants of one common stock, they all shared originally 
 a common language, yet their different dialects gradually di- 
 verged into eight distinctive families or groups of languages, 
 one of which is the Teutonic (see pp. 309-318). 
 
 The Teutonic Family comprises the Gothic, the Germanic, 
 and the Scandinavian languages. 
 
 The cessation of Gothic as a vernacular language dates from 
 the overthrow of the Visigothic kingdom in Spain by the Ara- 
 bians A. D. 711. 
 
 The Germanic branch of the Teutonic family embraces High 
 German, Old Saxon, Friesic, Anglo-Saxon, Low German, Dutch, 
 and English. 
 
 High German is distinguished as Old High German from the 6th to the 
 12th centuries ; as Middle High German, from the 12th to the 16th ; and 
 as New High German (i. e. the present language of Germany), from the 
 16th. 
 
 The Scandinavian languages are Old Norse or Old Scandi- 
 navian, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. 
 
 The Teutonic languages are distinguished from all others of 
 the Indo-European families by the systematic changes of the 
 Mute Consonants, called " Lautverschiebung," Progression of 
 Mutes. The mute consonants of the Indo-European languages 
 are divided, according to the organs by which they are ex- 
 pressed, into Linguals (from Lat. lingua, tongue), t, d, dh ; 
 Labials (from Lat. labia, lips), p, b, bh ; and Gutturals (from 
 Lat. guttur, throat), k, g, gh. These consonants are classed as 
 1. surd mutes, t, p, k ; 2. aspirate mutes, dh, bh, gh ; and 
 3. sonant mutes, d, b, g. These mutes have undergone the 
 following changes : 
 
 Surd mutes (t, p, k) have become in the Teutonic languages aspirate (th, ph, kh). 
 Aspirate " (dh, bh, gh) have become in the Teutonic languages sonant (d, b, g). 
 Sonant mutes (d, b, g) have become in the Teutonic languages snrd (t, p, k). 
 
RELATION OF GERMAN TO ENGLISH. 
 
 25 
 
 In Old High German, however, the progression has advanced 
 still another step ; the aspirate, sonant, and sui°d mutes having 
 become sonant, surd, aspirate, respectively, thus reaching the 
 limit, since a third step would bring them back to the degree 
 of the other Indo-European languages, surd, aspirate, sonant. 
 
 In Middle and New High German only the Linguals have 
 fully accepted the second step, while the Labials and Gutturals 
 have mostly gone back to the degree of the other Teutonic 
 languages. 
 
 For the aspirate mutes ph and kh the Teutonic languages have substi- 
 tuted the spirants f and h. The aspirate lingual th has disappeared in 
 High German, Low German, Dutch, and the modern Scandinavian lan- 
 guages ; in Old, Middle, and New High German, th, at the beginning of 
 a word, has given place to $ (z), in the midst or at the end of a word, in 
 Old High German, to z, in Middle High German, to z or zz, and in New 
 High German, to J, ft, ff, or §. 
 
 In accordance with these laws are deduced the following 
 results : 
 
 Linguals. 
 
 *• t. 3, ft, ff, S. 
 
 (1. t. z. 
 
 th. d. t. 
 
 th. d. t. 
 
 th. d. t. 
 
 th. d. t. 
 
 t. e. 8. 
 
 \ New High German. 
 \ Old High German. 
 / Gothic. 
 \ Icelandic. 
 ) Anglo-Saxon. 
 ' English. 
 Greek. 
 
 
 Labials. 
 
 
 Gutturals. 
 
 f. 
 
 6. P, f. 
 
 1. 
 
 0. 
 
 r,*. 
 
 f. 
 
 p,b. f, P . 
 
 h. 
 
 k,g- 
 
 ch, k. 
 
 f. 
 
 b. P . 
 
 h. 
 
 g- 
 
 k. 
 
 f. 
 
 b. p. 
 
 h. 
 
 g- 
 
 k. 
 
 f. 
 
 b. p. 
 
 h. 
 
 g- 
 
 k. 
 
 f. 
 
 b. p. 
 
 h. 
 
 g. 
 
 k. 
 
 ir. 
 
 *. P- 
 
 K. 
 
 X- 
 
 Y- 
 
 In the above table are grouped the Mute Consonants of 
 
 1. New High German and Old High German ; 
 
 2. Goth., Icel., A.-S., and Eng., representing the Teutonic languages, 
 except High German ; and 
 
 3. Greek, which represents all other Indo-European languages. 
 
 There are in the Teutonic languages besides the Mutes two 
 other classes of consonants, spirants and liquids. The spirants, 
 — lingual s (and in Eng. z), labial W and V, guttural j (and 
 in Eng. y), also f and h, as above stated, — have, as a rule, 
 remained unchanged in all Teutonic languages, or are wholly 
 dropped. The changes which the liquids (1, m, n, r) have 
 undergone are limited to a few exchanges (p. 26. 21., 22.) among 
 each other. 
 
26 
 
 RELATION OF GERMAN TO ENGLISH. 
 
 Illustrations of the preceding Rules. 
 
 
 1. 
 
 
 1. 
 
 -2 
 
 9 
 
 K 
 
 3S 
 
 2. 
 3. 
 3.' 
 4. 
 
 
 5. 
 
 
 6. 
 
 ft 
 
 1 8. ! b 
 
 s>13. |j = 
 
 Eng. Gr. ;N. H. German. 0. H. G. Gothic. A.-S. English. Greek. 
 
 th=T J33ruflcr. 8., 1 87. pruocZar.bro^ar. broo?/tor. Brother. qbpaTqp. 
 
 drie. thwis. thrie. Three, rpds. 
 
 tuvi. diiiuo. r/uro. Door. Qvpa. 
 
 gam Jan. tfamjan. Caiman. Tame. ha,uai>. 
 
 herza. hairdo, heorite. Heart. Kap&id. 
 
 fuoz. fofas. fot. Foot. irovs,iroSos. 
 
 ezan. ita,n. eteai. Eat. e&eiv. 
 
 hva. hwal. What. 
 
 ;th=T $rct. 104. 
 :d=e!2hcr. 83. 
 . t =S §a$mtn. 91. 
 
 t =8 
 t -8 
 t-8 
 
 t =- 
 
 "3. 
 
 wa~. 
 
 £crj. 10., 
 BN* 7., 8 
 (Sffen. 73. 
 m& 19- 
 
 $itr. 95. /uri. /aur. 
 $ud)e. 86., 4b*. jpuocha. 6oka. 
 ©efearen. 66., 92. fteran. ftairan. 
 £anf. 71., 23. hana/. 
 
 f =7T 
 
 b 
 P 
 
 h =k }0alm. 
 g= x !@arten. 2. 
 •k=-y|ftnie. 108. 
 k=-!23retf|en. 73. 
 
 halm. 7?alam. 
 fcarto. ^ards. 
 cAniu. &niu. 
 brec/ian. bri&an. 
 
 /or. 
 iece. 
 ieran. 
 hene^>. 
 
 h&lm, 
 
 </eard. 
 &neo. 
 brecan. 
 
 For. irpo. 26. 
 
 Beech. fyrryos. 
 
 Bear. fyepeu/. 
 
 Hemp. K&vva$is. 
 
 Halm. KaXa/ios. 
 Grarden.\o/07-os. 
 
 Knee. yow. 
 
 Break. 
 
 N.H.G. 
 
 14. 
 14. 
 15. 
 16. 
 
 |17- 
 
 218. 
 
 §•19. 
 19. 
 19. 
 20. 
 20. 
 
 21. 
 
 22. 
 
 23. 
 
 .24. 
 
 1 24. 
 
 |24. 
 
 ^25. 
 
 26. 
 
 26. 
 
 f 
 
 frf) 
 
 ri= 
 A 
 
 m 
 tu 
 id 
 to 
 i 
 
 l V 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 r 
 r 
 r 
 
 f 
 ro 
 re 
 
 26. LU r 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 sh 2 
 
 sc 2 
 
 s 2 
 
 w 
 
 wh 3 
 
 wh :J 
 
 wh 3 
 
 y ; 
 
 =r 
 n 
 m 
 
 :S 5 
 :S 5 
 
 or* 
 ur 5 
 rou ( 
 
 N. H. German. 
 
 Sonne. 81. 
 £aug. 10., 100. 
 Sdjtlb. 78., 62. 
 Sdjelten. 76., 2. 
 Sdjlafen. 70., 9. 
 SSinb. 61. 
 2Belct>. 72., 37., 46. 
 SBer. 76. 
 2Bo. 84. 
 3a. 68. 
 jener. 76. 
 
 ffeffel. 5. 
 @d>Ianae.l7.(M.H, 
 
 Mention. 74. 
 Mnn. 35., 97. 
 ©at. 18. 
 $rieren. 108. 
 (£ifen. 107. 
 
 33rcnnen. 75. 
 Durcb. 1., 88., 48. 
 
 0. H. G. 
 
 sunn a. 
 hus. 
 
 s£ilt. 
 
 sceltan. 
 
 slafan. 
 
 wint. 
 
 hwelih. 
 
 hwer. 
 
 /iwar. 
 
 j'a. 
 
 f/ener. 
 
 Gothic, 
 sunna. 
 hus. 
 scildus. 
 
 slepan. 
 
 t-inds. 
 
 /mleiks. 
 
 hvo. 
 
 hvar. 
 
 jet. 
 
 jains. 
 
 A.-S. 
 
 sunna. 
 
 hus. 
 
 scild. 
 
 slaepan. 
 wind. 
 
 hwilc. 
 
 htOSL. 
 
 lllC'AY. 
 
 Sun. 
 
 House. 
 
 Shield. 
 
 Scold. 
 
 Sleep. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Which. 
 
 Who. 
 
 Where. 
 in. Yea. 
 
 geondan. (Yonder). 
 
 fezera. 
 
 G.s/ange.)-= 
 
 nem?zan. narawjan 
 
 fetor. 
 
 kinsan. 
 
 was. 
 
 friosan. 
 
 isan. 
 
 hros. 
 
 brrnnan. 
 
 darh. 
 
 kinsan. 
 
 vas. 
 
 brinnan. 
 ihairh. 
 
 naiman, 
 
 ceosan. 
 
 was. 
 
 freosan. 
 
 iren. 
 
 hors. 
 
 bernan. 
 
 thwrh. 
 
 Fetter. 
 
 Snake. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Choose. 
 
 AVas. 
 
 Freeze. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Horse. 
 
 Burn. 
 
 Through. 
 
 1 The appended numbers refer to figures in columns on pp. 26 and 27. 
 
 2 From the Ungual spirant the hissing sound fdj (Eng. ah) has been developed. 
 
 3 The labial spirant w in N. H. G. is often a contraction of h and w. 
 
 4 The guttural spirant j in N. H. G. occurs only as initial sound and generally answers 
 to y in English. 
 
 5 In N. H. G. as in Eng. the lingual spirant has in some instances been changed to r. 
 
 6 The liquid r in some words has been transposed. 
 
RELATION OF GERMAN' TO ENGLISH. 
 
 27 
 
 With the following examples, as exceptions to the preceding 
 rules, are included those of many other consonantal changes 
 which have occurred daring the development of the two lan- 
 guages : 
 
 27. 6 = f 
 
 28. b = v 
 
 29. ft=p 
 
 30. fc=t 
 
 31. f = v 
 
 32. g = gh 
 33- g=y 
 
 34. g= — 
 
 35. f = ch 
 
 36. j=e 
 
 37. ( = — 
 
 38. p = f 
 
 39. |i = b 
 
 40. f=d 
 
 41. f = z 
 
 42. t = th 
 43.tt = th 
 
 44. t = t 
 
 45. D = f 
 
 46. (ft = eh 
 
 23ei&. 107. wife. 
 VLebel. 98., 72. evil. 
 93trne. 78. pear. 
 $t(fo. 50. tight. 
 ieufel.2.,102.,72. devil. 
 aWg. 2., 105. dough. 
 Jag. 2. day. 
 
 JRegel. 75. rule. 
 ftafc. 90. cheese, 
 
 ftommcn. come. 
 
 Sold). 81., 46. such, 
 fllt^e. 36. cliff. 
 
 $olfter. 52. bolster. 
 
 85fe. 93. bad. 
 
 ©fafer. 11. glagier. 
 
 2kter. 45. father. 
 
 SWutter. 87. mother. 
 
 bittern. 3. titter. 
 
 $o(l. 81. full. 
 
 tftrdje. 77. church. 
 
 46. (ft^chjfteillf). 107. rich. 
 
 47. 
 
 dj=tch 
 
 48. 
 
 i$=gh 
 
 49. 
 
 tftj=x 
 
 50. 
 
 djt=ght 
 
 51. 
 
 ft=lt 
 
 52. 
 
 fi = st 
 
 53. 
 
 tr=tr 
 
 54. 
 
 d=dg 
 
 55. 
 
 tf=k 
 
 56. 
 
 d=ck 
 
 57. 
 
 4>f=P 
 
 58. 
 
 *f=--PP 
 
 59. 
 
 fc=t 
 
 60. 
 
 * = e 
 
 61. 
 
 nb^nd 
 
 62. 
 
 lt» = ld 
 
 63. 
 
 lg = llow 
 
 64. 
 
 rg=rrow 
 
 65. 
 
 0=— 
 
 66. 
 
 flc=— 
 
 67.uer= 
 
 SSadjjen. 18. 
 £od). 1., 80. 
 ®ed)g. 72. 
 s )?adjt 69. 
 
 £eft. 74. 
 Steht. 106. 
 3Erauen. 99. 
 ©rude. 96. 
 Sadcr. 91. 
 ©tod- 82. 
 9ftt$t. 50. 
 XaJlfiT. 2. 
 8M$. 18. 
 
 Saul. 
 
 ©oll>. 11. 
 Jolgen. 7. 
 3orgc. 14. 
 
 watch. 
 
 though. 
 
 six. 
 
 night 
 
 haft. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 trow. 
 
 bridge. 
 
 baker. 
 
 stick. 
 
 plight. 
 
 dapper. 
 
 wit. 
 
 place. 
 
 land. 
 
 gold. 
 
 follow. 
 
 sorrow. 
 
 l?)cnug. aa., 32. enough. 
 ©Cbitvt.89.,42.birth. 
 SBerltcrcn. 109., 24. lose. 
 
 In the following table are exemplified some of the numerous 
 vowel changes ; specific rules being omitted for want of space : 
 
 68. n=ea 
 
 69. = i 
 
 70. tt = ee 
 7i.tt=e 
 
 72. e = i 
 
 73. c=ea 
 
 74. e = a 
 
 75. c = u 
 
 76. c = 
 
 77. t=U 
 
 78. t=ie 
 
 79. t = ea 
 
 80. o = ou 
 8i.o=u 
 
 82. o = i 
 
 83. O-OO 
 
 81. o = e 
 
 85. tt = 00 
 
 86. u=ee 
 
 87. tt = 
 
 fllar. 36. 
 SWttcfct. 50. 
 (Stttbl. 52. 
 3Bttnn. 19. 
 £>enfen. 1. 
 Cernen. 
 fflecben. 13. 
 Kegel. 34. 
 
 clear, 
 might, 
 steel. 
 
 when, 
 think. 
 
 learn. 
 
 rake, 
 rule. 
 
 <Scbtt>Crt.l7., 2. sword. 
 
 Ktnncii. 
 ©cfctlb. 15. 
 <3i&. 59. 
 Dod). 1., 48. 
 Donner. 1. 
 $0d). 48. 
 2Konb. 
 ffiotb. 2. 
 »U#. 13. 
 ©rucft. 46. 
 gltd)$. 49. 
 
 run. 
 
 shield. 
 
 seat. 
 
 though. 
 
 thunder. 
 
 high. 
 
 moon. 
 
 red. 
 
 hOOk. 
 
 breech. 
 
 fox. 
 
 88. u = ou!g)funb. 57., 61. pound. 
 
 89. 
 
 u = i 
 
 90. 
 
 ii = ee 
 
 91. 
 
 ii = a 
 
 92. 
 
 ii = ea 
 
 93. 
 
 o = a 
 
 94. 
 
 o = e 
 
 95. 
 
 it=o 
 
 96. 
 
 ii=i 
 
 97. 
 
 ii-oo 
 
 98. 
 
 ii = e 
 
 99. 
 
 ou=ow 
 
 100. 
 
 au=ou 
 
 101. 
 
 ou=o 
 
 102. 
 
 eu=e 
 
 103. 
 
 eu-ie 
 
 104. 
 
 ei = ee 
 
 105. 
 
 et=ou 
 
 106. 
 
 ei=o 
 
 107. 
 
 et=i 
 
 108. 
 
 ie^ee 
 
 109. 
 
 ie=o 
 
 SBttnfd). 15. 
 
 wish. 
 
 ftttfe. 35. 
 
 cheese. 
 
 Sfibmen. 
 
 lame. 
 
 Biibre. 3. 
 
 tear. 
 
 ©Ofc. 40. 
 
 bad. 
 
 3»filf. 3., 31. 
 
 twelve. 
 
 23itd)fe. 49. 
 
 box. 
 
 gttnf. 31. 
 
 five. 
 
 flubl. 36. 
 
 cOOl. 
 
 Ucbcl. 28., 72. 
 
 evil. 
 
 23rUUn. 8. 
 
 brown. 
 
 $taus. 14. 
 
 mouse. 
 
 dauber. 8. 
 
 robber. 
 
 Jeufcl.2.,31.,72. devil. 
 
 ftrcunb. 61. 
 
 friend. 
 
 $rci. 7. 
 
 free. 
 
 SLetq. 2., 32. 
 
 dough. 
 
 3»ei 3. 
 
 two. 
 
 Brcetg. 3. 
 
 twig. 
 
 Stene. 8. 
 
 bee. 
 
 £ieben. 28. 
 
 love. 
 
28 
 
 LESSON 1. 
 
 ficltion 1, 
 
 NOMINATIVE CASE. 
 
 Masculine. 
 er, he; 
 Wef*er, 
 
 Lesson 1. 
 
 WORDS AND ENDINGS DENOTING GENDER. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 eg, it. 
 
 i>ief=eg, this. 
 
 id) Mn, I am. 
 
 cr, fie, eg ift, he, she, it is. 
 
 roir ftnb, we are. 
 
 fie, Ste ftnb, they, you are. 
 
 Skifjuele. 
 
 dr x\i alt, ftc ifl jung, eg if* neu. 
 
 ®er SWann ift alt, bte ftrau if! jung, baa 
 
 £au3 t|t neu. 
 liefer 9flann, btefe %xan unb btefeg 
 
 $tnb ftnb utfrte'bem 
 £a3 2Better ifl fefr warm. 
 <5tnb *Sie mitbe ? 
 3a, tdj bin fe^r mitbe. 
 
 SBortertoerjeidjnifc. 
 
 $er 9ttann, the man. 
 
 £ie ftxau, the woman. 
 
 $ttg flinb, the child. 
 
 £>a3 Staffer, the water, ff = t. p. 26. 
 
 £a3 ^Better, the weather. 
 
 Slfcer, but. 
 
 Sfrm, poor. 
 
 £>a, there, t) = th. 
 
 £)ort, yonder. 
 
 grau ©tarf, Mrs. Stark. 
 
 f^rduletn 3tbler, Miss Adler. 
 
 £err better, Mr. Keller. 
 
 £ei£, hot. et = O ; ft = t. 
 
 £ter, here, ie = e. p. 27. 
 
 3a, yes, yea. j = y. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 fte, she; 
 t>tef=e, 
 
 Sein, to be. 
 
 id) war, 
 
 I was. 
 
 cr, fie, eg tt>ar, he, she, it was. 
 nur waren, we were, 
 
 fie, @ie ftaren, they, you were. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 He is old, she is young, it is new. 
 The man is old, the woman is young, 
 
 the house is new. 
 This man, this woman, and this 
 
 child are contented. 
 The weather is very warm. 
 Are you tired ? 
 Yes, I am very tired. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 3eb*er, *C, *Cg, every (either. fc = th). 
 Sender, *e, *Cg, that (yonder, p. 26). 
 flair, cold. t=d. 
 Slutt, cool, u SB OO. 
 9cetn, no. 
 9ctc6t, not. 
 $ei<fc, rich, et = i. 
 Unb, and. U = a. 
 Unutfrteben, discontented. 
 SKtarm, warm. 
 SBeldHr, st, 't$, which. J 
 2Ber, who. [ p. 26. 
 
 2Bo, whore. 
 3u £aufe, at home. 
 3ufrie ? ben, contented. 
 
NOMINATIVE GENDER-ENDINGS. 29 
 
 drftc Kufgalie. 
 
 1. @r ift f)ier ; fte ift ba ; e£ ift bort. 2. 2Ber ift tyter ? tver ijt 
 ba? toer ift bort? 3. £)er s )#ann ift fcier; t>ie gran ift ba ; ba* 
 $inb ift bort. 4. 2Betd)er Sftann ift reidj, nnb weldjer Sftatui ift 
 arm ? 5. liefer Siftann ift reidj, unt) jener 9)iann ift arm. 6. £>iefe 
 gran ift nid)t reicfy, aber fte ift $nfneben. 7. <£>iefe$ $inb ift git* 
 frieben, jenes ift nnjnfriebcn. 8. £err, gran unt) graiiCetn Star! 
 ftnb in Hamburg, 9. ©inb £err nnb grau better in Bremen? 
 10. 9ton, fte [tub in 23onn. 11. 2Bo ift £err 2Wer? 12. (Sr ift 
 gn £anfe. 13. 3ft jeber tylann gnfrieben? 14. 9?ein, unb nid)t 
 jeber 9Jtann ift nnjnfrieben. 15. 2Baren (Ste in Berlin' ? 16. 9tein, 
 id) roar in £>re$ben. 17. SBaren ©ie in Berlin? 18. 9ktn, nur 
 roaren in Bremen. 19. £>a$ ^Better ijt ffijl, after nidjt fait. 
 20. Da« SCaffer ift warm, aber es ift nid)t fyeif. 
 
 Exercise 2. 
 1. Where are the man, the woman, and the child 1 ? 2. The 
 man is yonder j the woman and the child are here. 3. Which 
 man is contented and which man is discontented 1 4. This 
 man is contented and that man is discontented. 5. Is this man 
 rich and that man poor? 6. No, this man is poor and that man 
 is rich. 7. Not every man is contented. 8. This child is poor, 
 but it is contented. 9. That woman is rich, but she is dis- 
 contented. 10. Is Mr. Stark at home? 11. No, he is in Ham- 
 burg. 12. Are Mrs. and Miss Adler in Hamburg'? 13. No, 
 they are at home. 14. Who is that man ] 15. It is Mr. Stark. 
 16. Where are you ] 17. We are here ; we were yonder. 18. He 
 is discontented. 19. The water was warm, but not hot. 
 20. The weather was not cold, but it was cool. 
 
 ©ramma'ttfdjcS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Personal Pronoun, in German as in English, has a 
 distinctive form for each gender ; namely, 
 
 er, he; fie, she; el, it, 
 
30 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 2. The Masculine er, the final letter of the Feminine fie, and 
 the Neuter c3, are also the distinctive endings of the following 
 ten words, which may be appropriately called gender-ending 
 words : 
 
 Masc. Fern. Neut. 
 etltdwer, et(td)=e, etltd)*e0, some. 
 mand)=er f mand^C, mandyt§, many a. 
 fctdKr, fold^e, fotdnS, such. 
 wddytr, xot\&)*t, weld)=e$, winch, 
 bet, tie, bttS, the. 
 
 As the only exception, the neuter article ends in &$, instead of t$. 
 
 3. Adjectives are used predicatively and adverbially without 
 change of form : 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 
 btef-er, 
 
 btefce, 
 
 btef=eg, 
 
 this. 
 
 jen-cr, 
 
 jen=e, 
 
 jer^eS, 
 
 that. 
 
 ieb-er, 
 
 jeb-e, 
 
 ieb*e$, 
 
 every. 
 
 all=er, • 
 
 all*e, 
 
 all-c0 r 
 
 all. 
 
 etnt^cr, 
 
 etmg=C, 
 
 emigres, 
 
 some. 
 
 £iefer 2ttann ift flei&ig. 
 £)iefer CWann arfcettet flei^ig. 
 2)iefe3 £ud) ift fetn, jeneS \\t grob. 
 
 This man is diligent. 
 This man works diligently. 
 This cloth is fine, that is coarse. 
 
 4. Pronouns of the third person plural are often used as the 
 second (9. 2.*) person of both numbers, and are then written 
 with capital initials : 
 
 9Bo .ttaren @te gefiern ? 
 2Btr ttaren ju £>aufe. 
 28c ttarett <3te geftcrn ? 
 3d) t»ar fyier. 
 
 Where were you yesterday ? 
 We were at home. 
 Where were you yesterday ? 
 I was here. 
 
 Milan 2. 
 
 Lesson 2. 
 
 NOMINATIVE CASE. DISTINCTIVE ENDING OF THE FEMININE. 
 GENDER OF NOUNS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 em, 
 
 ein-c, 
 
 em, a, an. 
 
 mem, 
 
 mettle, 
 
 mem, my. 
 
 * The first number in parenthesis designates the Lesson; where there is but 
 one number, it refers to a division of the Lesson in which it occurs. 
 
FEMININE GENDER-ENDING. 
 
 31 
 
 SBetfJiiele. 
 
 (Etn 9flann, einc %tau unb etn Jttttb 
 
 tuaren §ter. 
 Sftein 35ater unb meine Gutter roaren gu 
 
 £aufe. 
 #ert Starf, fete ©ofjn unb feme Softer 
 
 rooimen in Duffelborf. 
 ftrau Slitter, t&r 9feffe unb ifyre fRid&te 
 
 roarcn ba. 
 J>«rt [tub 3$r 9to(f, 3N 2Befre unb 3&r 
 
 Safdjentud). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 A man, a woman, and a child were 
 
 here. 
 My father and my mother were at 
 
 home. 
 Mr. Stark, his son, and his daughter 
 
 reside in Diisseldorf. 
 Mrs. Ritter, her nephew, and her 
 
 niece were there. 
 Yonder are your coat, your Vest, and 
 
 your handkerchief. 
 
 SSorterberjctdjnife. 
 
 $CT ©ruber, the brother, fc = th. 
 
 Der greunb, the friend, eu = ie. 
 
 Dcr £unb, the dog (hound, u = OU). 
 
 Der itaifer, the emperor. 
 
 Der itonig, the king, b = i. 
 
 Der Wadjbav, the neighbor, dj = gh. 
 
 Der <Sd)Iitffel, the key. 
 
 Der <2tofn, the son. 
 
 Der @ttu)l, the chair (stool, tt = oo). 
 
 2>er Iruria&n, the turkey. 
 
 Dcr Sttfcr, the father, i = th. 
 
 £ie <Ente, the duck. 
 
 Die £>ennc, the hen. 
 
 Die jh$, the cow. u = ow. 
 
 Die Gutter, the mother, tt = th. 
 
 Die (S^roefrer, the sister. 
 
 Die £inte, the ink. 
 
 Die 2od)ter, the daughter, dj a gh. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 %a§ 93u4 the book, d) = k. 
 
 DaS $ferb, the horse. 
 
 9Ilr,old. c = o; t = d. 
 
 Deutfd)lanb, Germany. 
 
 Dicf, thick, u = th. 
 
 ©Ut, good ; well ; t = d. 
 
 3t)r, 3for*e, your. 
 
 3cfct, now. 
 
 Swift young, j a y. 
 
 9?eu, new. eu = ew. 
 
 Sefcen, live, c = i ; 6 = v. 
 
 Dejterreidj, Austria, 
 
 $reu§en, Prussia. 
 
 <Sein, fein^e, his. 
 
 Ungarn, Hungary. 
 
 ttnfer, unfer^e, our. 
 
 ©on, of. 
 
 ,3u, to, too. $ = t. 
 
 $ritte 9lufgok. 
 
 1. £)ort ftnb etn Wlann, etnc $rau unb etn $mb. 2. 9ftetn 
 Cater unb meinc Gutter ffrtt> gn £awfe. 3. ffitin 23ruber unb 
 meine <Sd)n>efter (eben jeijt in -Jpotfanb. 4. ©a ftnb etn #unb, etne 
 Stu$ unb etn $ferb. 5. £ter ftnb etne ipenne, etne ©nte unb etn 
 Jrwttjafjn. 6. #err $al)(, fein (Sotjn unb fetne £ocftter ftnb unju* 
 frieben. 7. ?D?ein 9lad>bar, £err better, unb fein B^eunb, £err 
 
32 LESSON 2. 
 
 ^eimer, Teben je£t in (England. 8. SBareit ©ie, 3fyr 93rnt>er unt> 
 3tyre (5d)mefter in Hamburg ? 9. 9ltin, »tt ivaren in Bremen. 
 
 10. SO^ein s £ater nnt) meine ^ntter (tnt> ait 11. Wttim ©d)n>efter 
 ijt jung. 12. 9flein <stu$l ift nid)t alt ; er (2.) ift nen. 13. £er 
 $onig son $>ren£en ift ber tfatfet son £)entfd)lant>. 14. £er 
 jtaifer son Defterreid) ift t>er ^imig oon Ungarn. 15. 23er ift 
 tiefer SRann ? 16. S* ift nnfer 9?ad)bar, £err Sterner. 17. Un- 
 fere Gutter ift in DreSben. 18. Diefc Sinte ift nicfyt gnt; fie (2.) 
 ift $u t>icf. 19. £)er 9ttann bort ift reid), aber er ift nid)t jufrieben. 
 
 20. 3ft ciefer <Sd)liijfel nen? 21. fttin, er (2.) ift alk 
 
 Exercise 4. 
 
 1. Here is a dog, there is a cow, and yonder is a horse. 
 2. Is Mr. Handel your neighbor 1 3. He is my friend, but he 
 is not my neighbor. 4. My father and my mother live in 
 Weimar. 5. This man is your friend, this woman is his 
 mother, and this child is his son. 6. Who is the king of Hun- 
 gary ? 7. Who is your neighbor, and where is he 1 8. Mr. 
 Bessel is my neighbor ; his son and his daughter live in Eng- 
 land, but they are discontented. 9. You are not poor ; I am 
 not rich. 10. My chair is good, but it (2.) is not new. 
 
 11. Who is contented, and who is discontented'? 12. My 
 father is contented; our neighbor is discontented. 13. My 
 friend, Mr. Bitter, is here ; his father and his mother are at 
 home. 14. Who is the emperor of Germany'? 15. Where is 
 your ink 1 16. It is here ; but it is not good, it is too thick. 
 17. Here are a hen and a duck ; there is a turkey. 18. Here 
 is your father; yonder is our neighbor. 19. This dog is young; 
 this cow and this horse are old. 20. Where is my key 1 
 
 21. It (2.) is here. 
 
 ©rammatifdjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Indefinite Article, Possessive Pronouns, and Jem 
 have a gender-ending in the Feminine only : 
 

 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 INFINITIVE. 
 
 
 ,sc. Neut. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 
 Masc. Neut. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 
 ein, 
 
 tm*t t 
 
 a, an. 
 
 fein, 
 
 fein^e, 
 
 no, not any 
 
 mem, 
 
 meitve, 
 
 my. 
 
 unfer, 
 
 uttfer**, 
 
 our. 
 
 bein, 
 
 bein^e, 
 
 thy. 
 
 euer, 
 
 euer^e, 
 
 your. 
 
 fein, 
 
 fein^e, 
 
 his, its. 
 
 i|r, 
 
 i|r-e, 
 
 their, her. 
 
 33 
 
 2. The grammatical gender of many nouns differs from the 
 sex of the objects they denote ; the pronoun agreeing with its 
 antecedent, except as noted below (4.) : 
 
 Der $lu§ if! tief, aber Ct tfl nid)t Brett. The river is deep, but (he) it is not wide. 
 
 Die SSrigg ift alt, aber fie tfl nod) ftarf. The brig is old, but she is still staunch. 
 
 Dag 9>ferb ift gut, aber e0 tfl m alt. The horse is good, but it is too old. 
 
 Die £ugenb belofmt' i&ren 2kreb/rer. Virtue rewards her votary. 
 
 3 Nouns ending in tfjctt and (etn are diminutives, and -of 
 
 the neuter gender, whatever may be the sex of the objects they 
 denote : 
 
 DaS Sriiberdjen ; the little (or dear) brother ; from ber SBruber. 
 DaS <Sd)tt>efterd)ett ; the little (or dear) sister ; from bte ©cf)ft>ejter. 
 
 4. For appellations of persons the pronoun, except with 
 $ittb, $inb(ettt, or ^Utbdjett, may also take the natural gender 
 of its antecedent : 
 
 DaS .ftinb ift nid)t t)ter, eS ift ba. 
 DaS 97cdbd)en ift nid)t fcter, fie ift ba. 
 
 The child is not here, it is there. 
 The girl is not here, she is there. 
 
 fieftton 3. lesson 3. 
 
 NOMINATIVE CASE. ADJECTIVES. INFINITIVE. 
 
 8ttt0cn f to sing. 
 
 id) fitter, 
 
 er fmg-t 
 
 I sing. 
 he sings. 
 
 ttnr ftn^ett, we sing, 
 fie fifteen, they sing. 
 
 Srinfcn, to drink. 
 
 tdj trin^e, I drink, 
 er trinf-t, he drinks, 
 ttnr trtnf*ett, we drink, 
 fie trinf^eit, they drink. 
 
34 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 Scifjnete. 
 
 2>er el)rltd)e tfcam, bte ftet§ige dxau 
 unb ba3 gute Jltnb lefeen jufrieben. 
 
 3d) faufe fd)tt>ar$e£ £udj, aber nid>trot^e^. 
 
 (Ein grauer 33ar tft ein grimmigeS £f)ter. 
 
 liefer aufmerffame <Sd)uler faun lefen 
 unb fcfyretben. 
 
 3d) fyore e3 bonnern unb fefye e3 regnen. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The honest man, the diligent woman, 
 and the good child live contentedly, 
 
 I buy black cloth, but not red. 
 
 A grizzly bear is a ferocious animal. 
 
 This attentive scholar can read and 
 write. 
 
 I hear it thunder and see it rain. 
 
 SSbrtcrtoerjcidjmfe. 
 
 XtV ©ar, the bear, ii = ea. p. 27. 
 
 £er 33aum, the tree. 
 
 2)er £err, the gentleman. 
 
 £er 5lnafce, the boy (knave. 6 = v). 
 
 SEJtt Sftcifter, the master, ei = a. 
 
 £er Sftenfd), human being ; man. 
 
 £)ev <3d)aufelftuf)t, the rocking-chair. 
 
 SDcr <Sd)iiler, the scholar. 
 
 2>er <3ta% the steel, a = ee. 
 
 £er SJogcI, the bird ; fowl. 
 
 $ie Dame, the lady ; dame. 
 
 Tk 3eibe, the silk. 
 
 $0$ (Eifett, the iron. 
 
 2Jngcnef)nt, agreeable, pleasant. 
 
 33eoucm', comfortable, easy. 
 
 Gntfoe'ber — ober, either — or. 
 
 ^leijng, diligent, industrious. 
 
 g-Iiegen, to fly. g = — . 
 
 ©(att, smooth. 
 
 ©ran, gray (grizzly). ttU = ay. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 £art, hard, t = d. 
 
 3mmer, always. 
 
 $ann, can. 
 
 $tetn, little, small. 
 
 Muq, shrewd, prudent. 
 
 Sefen, to read. 
 
 Sie&enSttritrbig, amiable, lovely. 
 
 9flu§, must. 
 
 yiafytn, to sew. 
 
 9?ur, only. 
 
 Dber, or. 
 
 Otein, pure, clean. 
 
 Sdnttfeen, to write (scribe). 
 
 Sd)n>ar$, black, swarthy, fdj = 
 
 ©triden, to knit. 
 
 £f)un, to do. t = d. 
 
 £reu, faithful, true. CU = ue. 
 
 2Bad)fctm, watchful, jfj = tch. 
 
 28a3, what. § = t. 
 
 SBofmen, to reside, live, dwell. 
 
 §imfte ^tufgaBc. 
 
 1. £ er grane 33ar lebt ttur in Slme'rifa. 2. Dtefe fdjwaqe 
 £inte ift jn but 3. ©iefer Heine ©cMujfef ift son gtfen. 4. ®n= 
 ter etabl ift |art. 5. ©nte @eibe ift glatt. 6. ©uteS SBajfer ift 
 rein. 7. (Stn finger 9ftenf# ift nidjt immer ein guter SReitfdj. 
 8. Sine reiefce $ran ift nidjt immer eine gufrtebene $xau. 9. 9JZetrt 
 alter grennb, £err ^olte, ift je^t entrceber in ©al^tmrg ober in 
 ©aftetn. 10. 3ener innge 33aum ift Hcin. 11. 3ener angenefymc 
 
ADJECTIVES. INFINITIVE. 35 
 
 £err, jcne Uebentfttmrbicje £atne unb jene3 gttte $tnb toofynett in 
 Darmjrabr. 12. Setter $nabe tft eitt fietftger ©d)it(er. 13. 3ft 
 jeter Sd)aufelfht§l frequent ? 14. 9cetn, aber jetter tteue @d)aufe(= 
 ftuM tft bcquem. 15. (fitter Sftetfter, n>a$ niufj id) tfyttit ? 
 16. Dtefc fleigtge ftxau fann ftrtcfen unb nafyen. 17. Rann btefer 
 fletne 2>oa,el fltegen, ober utd)t ? 18. SMefec Heine 23ogel lantt 
 fiiegen unb ftngen. 19. Sin trener £unb tft ttacfyfam. 20. SWdjt 
 jeter wad) fa me £unb ift trett. 
 
 Exercise 6. 
 
 1. This new (1.) rocking-chair is comfortable. 2. That young 
 lady is my sister. 3. That black horse is young. 4. Hard 
 steel is not always good steel. 5. This ink is not good ; it 
 (2. 2.) is too thick. 6. Warm weather is agreeable. 7. A 
 faithful dog is a watchful dog. 8. My little brother and my 
 little sister drink only water. 9 A young horse is not al- 
 ways a good horse. 10, This little bird cannot fly, but it 
 (2. 2.) sings well (1. 3.). 11. Can this young woman sing] 
 12. Yes, but she cannot read. 13. This old gentleman and 
 his young brother live in Strasburg. 14. Is Mr. Keimer at 
 home? 15. No, he is either in Rotterdam or in Amsterdam. 
 16. My old friend, Mr. Bergmann, and his sister Anna live in 
 Amsterdam. 17. This little dog is young, but watchful. 
 18. Can this child sing? 19. Yes, and it can read and write. 
 20. This rocking-chair is old, but it is comfortable. 
 
 GkammatifdjeJ. Grammatical. 
 
 1. Adjectives, when following a gender-ending word (1. 2.), 
 end in f, otherwise, unless used predicatively or adverbially 
 (1. 3.), they take the gender-endings : 
 
 £tefer feine ©ctmmet, btefe feine <3eibe This fine velvet, this fine silk, and 
 unb biefed feine £ud) finb foft&ar. this fine cloth are costly. 
 
 Renter ©(unmet, feine ©eibc imb feine$ Fine velvet, fine silk, and fine cloth 
 £ud) finb foftbar. are costly. 
 
 ^ie baben fetned Xncb, id) fyabe grobeS, or You have fine cloth, I have coarse, or 
 
 <5te b,aben fetneS, id) i)abe grobeS £ud). You have fine, I have coarse cloth. 
 
36 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 2. The Present Infinitive of all verbs ends in en, except 
 a few in n ; the part that precedes being the root or stem : 
 
 to thunder. tt>unfd)=eit, to wish. 
 
 to lighten. fyofpStt, to hope, 
 
 to rain. glaut^eit, to believe, 
 
 to snow. furd)t*Ctt, to fear, 
 
 to hail. ttnfpCtt, to know. 
 
 He must plough and harrow and 
 mow and sow. 
 
 She can wash and bake and knit 
 and sew. 
 
 "We have a great deal to do. 
 
 $or=eit, to hear. bonner^tt, 
 
 fdKit, to see - fclt^en, 
 
 fii^en, to feel. reon^en, 
 
 rted)=CIt, to smell. fdjnet^Ctt, 
 
 fd)mecf=en, to taste. f)ag,el*n, 
 
 gr mu§ pfliigen unb eggen unb mafyen 
 
 unb faen. 
 ©ie fann roafd)en unb fcacfen unb frrtden 
 
 unb nafyen. 
 2Bir fyakn fefyr »tel ju tljun. 
 
 
 Ccfttmt 4. 
 
 ACCUSATIVE CASE. 
 
 Lesson 4. 
 
 DISTINCTIVE GENDER-ENDINGS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 bief-en, 
 
 Feminine. 
 t>tef=e, 
 
 gaoen, to have. 
 
 Neuter. 
 btef=e$, this. 
 
 id) Ijafce, 
 er Ijat, 
 toir fyabert, 
 fie tjaben, 
 
 I have, 
 he has. 
 we have, 
 they have. 
 
 id) I) arte, 
 er Ijatte, 
 roit fatten, 
 fie fatten, 
 
 I had. 
 he had. 
 we had. 
 they had. 
 
 Seifjiiele. 
 
 £afren <Sie nteincn SBIetfttft, £err 5^aft? 
 3a, mem £err, id) tyak S^ren Sletjtift, 
 
 3f;rc geber unb 3!)r £intenfaj3. 
 £a&en <Ste StroaS fur ben SSftann, biC 
 
 g-rau ober btt§ $irib ? 
 SRein, id) Ijabe 9cid)t$ fiir tfm, 9ttd)t3 fiir 
 
 fie unb 3?id)t3 fiir e$. 
 2Ba3 fyakn <3te fyeute gu tljun ? 
 3d) Babe einen SBrief p fceantiuorten, eine 
 
 Stufaak m fcfyretfcen unb ein Sud) ju 
 
 lefen. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Have you my pencil, Mr. Nast ? 
 
 Yes, sir, I have your pencil, your 
 pen, and your inkstand. 
 
 Have you anything for the man, the 
 woman, or the child ? 
 
 No, I have nothing for him, nothing 
 for her, and nothing for it. 
 
 What have you to do to-day ? 
 
 I have a letter to answer, an ex- 
 ercise to write, and a book to 
 read. 
 
ACCUSATIVE GENDER-ENDINGS. 
 
 37 
 
 SBiJrfertierjetdjmfe. 
 
 $er 331etfttft, the pencil, lead-pencil. 
 
 £>er Sti&fet, the purchaser. 
 
 Der $aufmcmn, merchant. 
 
 £>er Sanbmann, the farmer. 
 
 £tC SMttmt, the flower. 
 
 £>te fflofe, the rose. 
 
 Die £ante, the aunt. 
 
 $03 $anb, ribbon ; band. 
 
 £a$ ©etb, money (geld). 
 
 9113, than, as. 
 
 33lau, blue, au = ue. 
 
 £enn, for (conjunction). 
 
 (Ettt?a3, something, anything. 
 
 Sfiir, for (preposition), ii = o. p. 27. 
 
 £eutc, to-day. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 £u&fdj, pretty. 
 
 3entcmb, somebody, anybody. 
 
 Wttfyc, more. C = O. 
 
 Sftiibe, weary, tired. 
 
 9?id&t8, nothing. 
 
 9?temanb, nobody. 
 
 3fo$, still, yet. 
 
 fflott), red. t = d. 
 
 <5d)5n, beautiful. 
 
 ©djr, very, very much. 
 
 ©cfyr »tel, a great deal, very much, 
 
 UnS, us. 
 
 33iel, much. 
 
 2Ben, whom. 
 
 SBentg, little. 
 
 Stckittc 5dtfgoBe. 
 
 I. £)ort ift ber ^aufmann ; idj ^abe @tn>as fiir iljn (1.), 
 2. £aben 6ie ben SBleiftift ? 3. 9tein, Sinna fiat ibn (2. 2.). 
 4. £ier ift eine $ofe ; ift fte (2. 2.) nid)t febr fd)6n? 5. liefer 
 .ftanfmann hat 9?id)t3 fiir un$, benn n>ir baben fein ®elb fiir ifyn. 
 6, 2Bo ift meirt rott>e<5 (3. 1.) 23anb ? 7, X>iefe^ ,ftinb fyat e$. 
 8. 2$er tyat ®cfb fiir ben ^anfmann ? 9. 3eber Mnfer hat (Mb 
 fiir ihn. 10. £at er »id ©elb? 11. 3a, aber fein $ater Ijat 
 nod) metjr ate er. ]2. £aben (Ste *>iel $u tfynn fyente ? 13. 5^etn r 
 id) l)abe nur fefyr wenig gn tbnn. 14. £atte 3emanb meine 
 fdnr-arje (3. 1.) £inte ? 15. 9?ein, ^iemanb J)atte fte (2. 2.). 
 16. ffier W bad biibfd)e 23ncb ? 17. £)a ift ba$ 33nd) ; bas $inb 
 hatte e$. 18. giir men ift biefe 23htme ? 19. ©ie ift fiir meine 
 Xante. 20. 3d) bin fel)r miibe. 21. £)er Sanbmann hat tinm 
 gnten -Spunb, eine a,ute $.uf) nnb ein <jnte3 $ferb. 
 
 Exercise 8. 
 
 1. Who has the book 1 2. I have the book. 3. Has the 
 child the flower 1 4. No, the woman has it (2. 2.). 5. Which 
 flower has the mother 1 6. She has the rose. 7. Have you 
 
38 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 money for the merchant 1 8. Yes, for every purchaser has 
 money for the merchant. 9. Has the merchant more money 
 than this man] 10. Yes, but not much more. 11. Have 
 you much to do 1 ? 12. Yes, we have a great deal to do. 
 13. Are you very tired] 14. No, I am not tired. 15. Yonder 
 is the pencil ; who had it 1 16. Nobody had it (2. 2.) j it was 
 here. 17. Has anybody more money than the merchant 1 ? 
 18. Yes, his brother has still more than he. 19. Who has the 
 flower and the ribbon ? 20. The mother has the blue ribbon, 
 the child has the red flower. 21. This young child has a new 
 lead-pencil, an old ribbon, and a pretty flower. 
 
 (SjrammtttiftfjeS. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Accusative answers mainly to the English objective. 
 The Accusative of tX is tl)n ; fie and e£ remain unchanged. 
 
 2. All Masculine Adjective words end in the Accusative in 
 til ; those of other genders have the same form in the Accusa- 
 tive as in the Nominative : 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 btcfcen, 
 
 btef e, 
 
 biefcefl, this. 
 
 euven, 
 
 euve, 
 
 em, a, an 
 
 ben, 
 
 tic, 
 
 bag, the. 
 
 nteuven, 
 
 meuve, 
 
 meitt, my 
 
 3d) fdje tljtt, id) fefje fte, id) fefje e8. 
 3d) fef)e ben Sater, bic Gutter unb bttS 
 
 flint). m 
 (£r fauft guten ®ammet, gute <3eibe unb 
 
 guteS £ud). 
 ©r fjat ben guten ©ammet, bic gute 
 
 (Seibe unb bag gute £ud). 
 <5ie f)at ifntn guten ©ammet, i^re gute 
 
 Setbe unb ifjr guteU £udj. 
 Sfranj unb flarf Ijaben ifntn SBagen, if)r 
 
 §)ferb unb ilire §)cttfd)e. 
 $abm Bit 3Ijre geber, 3fjren sretjtfft 
 
 unb 3t)r papier ? 
 3c?) T)ak ntcinc gfeber unb metn papier, 
 
 after nidjt meinCtt SSIeifHft 
 
 I see him, I see her, 1 see it. 
 
 I see the father, the mother, and 
 
 the child. 
 He buys good velvet, good silk, and 
 
 good cloth. 
 He has the good velvet, the good 
 
 silk, and the good cloth. 
 She has her good velvet, her good 
 
 silk, and her good cloth. 
 Francis and Charles have their car- 
 riage, their horse, and their whip. 
 Have you your pen, your pencil, 
 
 and your paper ? 
 I have my pen and my paper, but 
 
 not my pencil. 
 
PREPOSITIONS. ADJECTIVES. 
 
 39 
 
 Seftton 5« 
 
 Lesson 5. 
 
 ACCUSATIVE CASE. 
 
 PREPOSITIONS. 
 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 SBeifJitere. 
 
 3d) $ak einen reifeit SIpfet, eine retfc 
 23trne unb.ein fd)6ne$ 33eild)en. 
 
 2Bir gingen turd) ben 2Balb unb urn ba3 
 8felb, 
 
 3d) fyabe nidjt graueS £ud), fonbern WaueG. 
 
 Diefer ©rafcen ifl einen gfufj tief. 
 
 2>er Spiegel ift etnen Scaler werfft. 
 
 2Bir muffen gef)en ; e£ ift fd)on fpdt. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 I have a ripe apple, a ripe pear, and 
 
 a beautiful violet. 
 We went through the woods and 
 
 around the field. 
 I have not gray cloth, but blue. 
 This ditch is a foot deep. 
 The looking-glass is worth a dollar. 
 We must go ; it is already late. 
 
 28ortcrticr$eidjnt&. 
 
 $et Slt§, the foot. f| = t. p. 26. 
 
 2)er ©rakn, the ditch. 
 
 Dd $att, the neck. 
 
 Der jammer, hammer. 
 
 2>er $amin', the fire-place. 
 
 Der 2Ronat, the month, t = th. 
 
 £>er Dfen, the stove. 
 
 Der Sting, the ring. 
 
 Der ©#mieb, the smith. fc = th. 
 
 Der (Spiegel, the looking-glass. 
 
 Der better, the cousin. 
 
 Der 2Bagen, carriage, wagon. 
 
 Der 2Balb, the woods, forest. 
 
 Der Btmmermann, carpenter. 
 
 Der 3otf, the inch. 
 
 $IC ©anf, the bench. J = eh. 
 
 Die <£fle, the ell. 
 
 Die Sage, the saw. ft = — . 
 
 Die Surteltaufce, turtle-dove, t = d. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 2>Ug fteuer, the fire, ett = i. 
 
 DaS £olj, the wood. 
 
 DaS 3afyr, the year, j = y. 
 
 Dct$ SWefier, the knife. 
 
 DaS Zu$, the cloth. 
 
 DaS Bimmer, the room. 
 
 2lrkiten, to work. 
 
 33reit, wide, broad, t = d. 
 
 Durd), through, nt = rou. p. 26. 
 
 ®et)en. See Vocabulary, p. 319, &c. 
 
 (ijrep, large (gross). 
 
 £od), high, tfj = gh. 
 
 £ur$, short. 
 
 l?ang, long, a = o. 
 
 9k§, wet. 
 
 DI)ne, without. 
 
 Sroden, dry. 
 
 Vim, around. 
 
 Wk, how. 
 
 9lcunk 5lufgaBe. 
 
 1* £>er 3inimermann tjat eine neue ©age. 2. JMefeS trocferte 
 ^o^ ifl gu a,ro§ fitr tmferen Dfen. 3. 2)er ©cfymieb farm nid)t 
 arbettert of)ne etnert (1.) jammer* 4. 2£te fyod) unt> rme Brett ifl 
 
40 LESSON 5. 
 
 biefe Heine 23anf ? 5. ©te (2. 2.) ift etnen (2.) gu§ l)od> unb 
 einen $ug breit. 6, 3ft nid)t 3$* Spiegel gu grog fur 3t)r 3im= 
 mer ? 7, 9?ein, aber metn 3iwnter {ft ^u {{eitt fur metnen Spiegel. 
 8. 9JZein better tjat ein SDZeffer fur feinen ©ofyn. 9, £ie £urtel= 
 taube "tyat einen Sfting wm U)ren £ald. 10. DtefeS £ud) ift etne 
 (SUe breit. 11, Unfer geuer ift nid)t gut; unfer &0I3 ift nag. 
 12. £aben ©ie einen £>fen? 13. 9?ein, tr-ir fyaben einen Jlamin. 
 14. Diefer ©djmiefc l)at einen jammer »on ©tabl. 15. 3d) l;abe 
 einen better in (Engtanb. 16. Unfer SBagen ift nidjt gut; er ift 
 fefyr alt. 17. 2Ber ift jener £err bort? 18. (Ss ift mem 9?acbbar, 
 £err Werner ; er gel)t je£t burd) biefen fletnen 2Balb. 19. (Er tyat 
 blaueS £ucfy, unb i$ fyabt rotfye*. 20. 3ft biefer s Pferb fe§r Jung ? 
 21. 3<*/ es ift nur ein %afyx unb einen ^onat alt. 22. THefer 
 fdjtrarje (Sammet ift bid unb gut; biefer rotfye ift bid, abcr nid)t 
 gut ; biefer blaue ©ammet ift gut, aber nicfyt fefyr bid. 
 
 Exercise 10. 
 
 1. Have you a knife 1 2. No, but my friend here has a very 
 pretty knife. 3. Is your new bench very long 1 4. No, it 
 (2. 2.) is very short ; and it is only a (2.) foot and an inch high, 
 and a foot wide. 5. Has your neighbor, Mr. Held, your young 
 horse and your new carriage ] 6. He has my old carriage, but 
 not my horse. 7. My neighbor and his friend, Mr. Rettel, go 
 through (1.) the woods and around the ditch. 8. This ditch is 
 only a foot wide. 9. Have you blue cloth or red 1 10. I have 
 blue cloth, but not red ; Mr. Banner, the merchant, has black, 
 gray, blue, and red cloth. 11. The carpenter has an old saw. 
 12. Is his saw still good? 13. No, he cannot work without 
 a new saw. 14. Have you a stove or a fire-place 1 15. We 
 have a stove, but no fire-place. 16. Is this new hammer of 
 iron] 17. No, this large hammer is of steel. 18. Have you 
 a brother or a cousin in Prussia] 19. We have a sister in 
 Berlin. 20. How old is this child 1 21. It is now a (2.) month 
 old. 22. This black pencil is very short ; that red pencil is 
 more than a foot long. 
 
PREPOSITIONS. ADJECTIVES. 41 
 
 (Bxamma'ttfti)e8. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The following Prepositions govern the Accusative : tmrcfj, 
 fir, gcgcn (or gen), uljnc, fmtber, urn, tofoer. 
 
 2. The Accusative is used with Adjectives indicating size, 
 age, value, or weight : 
 
 JXtf 8tdt tji cinen Boll bicf. The hoard is an inch thick. 
 
 Da3 Sfcffer Ifl einen S&aler fcerty. The knife is worth a dollar. 
 
 £cr ftlup tji cine SKrilt Brett. The river is a mile wide. 
 
 2)tefe« £inb tfl ein 3af)r, eine 2Bod)e This child is a year, a week, and 
 imb cinen £ag alt. a day old. 
 
 JKHcberjjohmg. Recapitulation. 
 
 Elfte Aufgabe. 
 
 1. Der Bar geht durch den Wald. 2. Wie dick ist dieses 
 Eis % 3. Es ist einen Fuss mid einen Zoll dick. 4. Wer hatte 
 mein neues Band 1 5. Ihre kleine Schwester hatte es. 6. Fur 
 wen ist jenes scheme MesscH 7. Es ist fur dieses liebens- 
 wiirdige Kind. 8. Dieses warme Wetter ist sehr angenehm. 
 9. Nicht jeder kluge Knabe ist ein guter Schiiler. 10. Aller 
 gute Stahl ist hart, aber nicht aller harte Stahl ist gut. 
 
 11. Mein Bruder ist jetzt entweder in Berlin oder in Breslau. 
 
 12. Hat dieser fleissige Landmann viel Geld? 13. Nein, er 
 ist arm, aber zufrieden ; er wohnt in Herrnalp in Baden. 
 14. Kami er lesen mid schreiben ? 15. Ja, er kann lesen und 
 Bchreiben, und seine fleissige Tochter kann stricken und nahen. 
 16. Ist dieser junge Herr Ihr Bruder'? 17. Nein, dieser junge 
 Herr ist nicht mein Bruder, aber er ist mein Vetter. 18. Ist 
 dieses hiibsche Buch fiir jenen klugen Schiiler? 19. Nein, es 
 ist fur seinen jungen Freund, Julias Loser. 20. Dieser junge 
 Hand ist sehr treu und wachsam. 21. Der fleissige, aufmerk- 
 siime Schiiler lernt rasch. 22. Ein trager, nachliissiger Schiiler 
 lernt nicht viel und ist nicht zufrieden. 23. Ich muss jetzt 
 gehen ; ich kann nicht warten. 
 
4:2 
 
 LESSON 6. 
 
 8e!timt 6. 
 
 Lesson 6. 
 
 GENITIVE CASE. 
 
 Masculine. 
 t>ief*ei, 
 etn=el, 
 
 GENDER-ENDINGS. IDIOMS. 
 
 Feminine. Neuter. 
 
 bief-er, fcief*e«, of this. 
 
 ein-er, etn^cg, of a. 
 
 fiteOen, to love. 
 
 id) Heu=e, I love, 
 
 er lieb=t, he loves. 
 
 mir Ueb^en, we love, 
 
 fie lieb-CIt, they love. 
 
 id) lieb=te, I loved, 
 
 er Ueb^tc, he loved, 
 
 roir lieMeit, vve loved, 
 
 fie UeMetl, they loved. 
 
 iSBeifjuele. 
 
 3enC§ (1.) eduilerS (2.) ftleifj ift &e* 
 
 ttun'bern3roert&. 
 2>a3 Mima biefer ©egenb ift unge* 
 
 ,fimb. 
 SBunfcfyen <5ie (4.) fdjwarje 3SoUe ober 
 
 n>et§e ? 
 2)ie 2Botfe biefeS £ud)C$ tft fef)r fein. 
 ©armn' gdjen @ie nid)t in bie 8d)itte ? 
 3d) gefye ja (5.) in bie <3dntte. 
 2)er ©efdjmacf eincr Sfprifo'fe ff% an* 
 
 geneljm. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 That scholar's diligence is ad- 
 mirable. 
 
 The climate of this region is un- 
 healthy. 
 
 Do you wish black wool or 
 white ? 
 
 The wool of this cloth is very fine. 
 
 Why do you not go to (the) school ? 
 
 I do go to (the) school. 
 
 The taste of an apricot is pleas- 
 ant. 
 
 SBbrtertierjetdjntfi. 
 
 $er Sfbler, -3, the eagle. 
 £>cr 23ad), -e3, the brook. 
 £er (£mknb, -eg, the binding. 
 £cr 5?utfd)er, -*, the coachman. 
 ©er |>rei$, -eS, the price. 
 S)er SdmaM, -5, the beak, bill. 
 Tcv 8dnuubcr, -5, the tailor. 
 £tC Qfcfnc, the ear. a = ea. p. 
 5Die Seinttonb, -, the linen. 
 £)te 9)tatra'fce, -, the mattress. 
 
 •11. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Die Sttnfce, -, the bark, rind. 
 $03 ©err, -e3, the bed. t = d. 
 £>a3 Ocfal'Ie, -8, the fall, descent. 
 3)a3 Sanbgut> -c£, country-seat. 
 £a3 gaufe, -e$, foliage, leaf. 6 = f . 
 Da3 ©ctbenjeug, -e3, silk (silk stuff). 
 1)a8 2Belfd)fprn, -$, maize, Indian corn. 
 SMtfig, reasonable, fair. 
 33ebeu'tenb, considerable, important. 
 £>Utm, slender, thin, ft = th. 
 
GENITIVE GENDER-ENDINGS. 
 
 43 
 
 Saul, lazy. 
 
 @eblctd)t', bleached, gc = — . p. 27. 
 
 ©elb, yellow. 
 
 ©erct'be, straight. 
 
 $Cpi& Ugly, hateful. 
 
 ilaufen, to buy. 
 
 5trumm, crooked. 
 
 Stager, lean, poor, meager, a = ea. 
 
 Silver, heavy. 
 
 lt> ftAAX^>^UAv^>; 
 
 (Sonbern, but. - 
 
 ©teinig, stony, ei = o. 
 
 £f)euer, dear, t = d. 
 
 £ief, deep, I = d ; f = p. 
 
 Ungebleicfyt, unbleached, ct = ea. 
 
 SSeber — uodj, neither — nor. 
 
 2BetJ3, white. £ = t. 
 
 SBofylfeU, cheap. 
 
 SBunfc&en, to wish, fjfi = sh. 
 
 gmolftc Kufgaiie. 
 
 1. Der $rei$ biefeS (1.) SanbgnteS (2.) ift fcfflig. 2. Der (Sofjn 
 nnfereS 9kchbarS ift fcX>r fanl. 3. Der jammer beS ©d)miebe$ ift 
 fd)roer nnb grog* 4. 3weS 23anmeS Sftinbe ift gelb. 5. Die 
 Sfttnbe btefeS 23aume$ ift rotfy. 6. 2Bitnfd)en ©te (4.) geHeid)te 
 ober nngebteicfyte Seimuanb ? 7. Die foeifje £einn?anb biefes Maufc 
 manner ift rceber fefyr bid, nod) fefyr burnt. 8. Das Sanbgut jetted 
 Cannes ift fefjr fcfcim. 9. Der ^>ret^ biefeS 33ucfye$ ift fetyr i)o&). 
 10. Das ©efafle biefeS 33aebe$ ift fejjr bebeutenb. 11. 3eneS 
 23acbeS 33ett ift tief unb fteinig. 12. Die 9ftatra£e biefeS 23etre$ 
 ift fehr Ijaxt. 13. 2Bo fauften (4.) <2te btefe feine 2eimt>anb ? 
 14. Das btaue ©eibenjeug bes ©d)neiberS ift roofylfeil, fein 
 fdjttar§eS ift tfyeuer. 15. Der (Schnabel einer Snte ift bid. 
 
 16. Der ©djnabel eineS 2MerS ift nid)t gerabe, fonbertt frumm. 
 
 17. Der (Stnbanb biefeS SucbeS ift fetyr biibfd). 18. Das groge 
 $ferb bicfeS $utfdjer$ ift alt, mager itnb ()a§(id) ; fein Hemes 
 $ferb ift jung nnb fd)6n. 19. Das %aub btefes 33aumes ift fcfyon 
 gelb. 20. Die Sle^re beS SBelfcfyfornS ift gelb, toeig ober rotb. 
 
 Exercise 13. 
 
 1. The price of this (1.) looking-glass (2.) is very reasonable. 
 2. The new saw of that carpenter is very thin. 3. This mer- 
 chant's linen is unbleached. 4. Where did you (4.) buy this 
 mattress 1 5. I bought it (2. 2.) yesterday in Dresden. 
 6. The carriage of that coachman is too heavy for his little 
 horse. 7. My cousin's ring is very heavy. 8. This scholar's 
 
44 LESSON 6. 
 
 ink is black; but it (2. 2.) is too thin. 9. The wood of this 
 tree is very hard. 10. The bark of that tree is an (5. 2.) inch 
 thick. 11. The beak of this duck is red. 12. The foliage of 
 this tree is green ; its bark is yellow. 13. The new binding of 
 this book is not pretty, but very ugly. 14. Do you buy your 
 Indian corn in Konigsberg 1 15. No, I do not buy my Indian 
 corn m Konigsberg. 16. Has this brook a deep bed and a 
 considerable fall? 17. The bed of this brook is not deep, but 
 very stony ; its fall is very considerable. 18. When did you 
 buy this country-seat'? 19. I bought it yesterday, and very 
 cheap. 20. This child's turtle-dove is very pretty. 
 
 ©rttmmtttifd)eg. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Genitive answers to the English Possessive and also 
 to the Objective governed by of. The endings both of the 
 gender-ending words (1. 2.) and of the possessive pronouns, &c. 
 (2. 1.) are : 
 
 C0, Masculine. tX, Feminine. c§, Neuter. 
 
 \tn-t%, lender, jen-cl. 
 
 memoes, member, memoes. 
 
 2. Most Masculine and Neuter nouns add t% (or §) in the 
 genitive, as given in vocabularies ; feminine common nouns are 
 unchanged: Norn. 9Jktttt, Gen.-t% f i. e. 9ttarme3, &c : 
 
 £e3 SBaterS (Segen. The father's blessing. 
 
 SBeldjeS Skrke'cfyenS if* er fdjulbig? Of what (which) crime is he guilty? 
 
 The Genitive may precede or follow its governing noun : 
 •£>aben <3te bCS £f$rtr£ 33ud) ? or Have you the teacher's book ? or 
 £aben @ie ba3 33ud) be§ £efyrer$ ? Have you the book of the teacher ? 
 
 3. When a noun without a qualifying word, and often with 
 an article, is used to denote time, it is in the genitive ; other- 
 wise, usually, in the accusative : 
 
 £>er Bug tt>irb 23ormtttag$ (or bC§ 35or= The train will arrive at seven o'clock 
 mittagS) urn fiekn tyx anfommen. in the forenoon. 
 
IDIOMS. 
 
 45 
 
 @onntag§ cxeBert roir in bit $ird)e. 
 3d) bcfud)e Den joolo'gifd)en (SJarten nadfojle 
 2Bod)e. 
 
 (Of a) Sunday we go to (the) church. 
 I visit the zoological garden next 
 week. 
 
 4. Verbs in German have but a single form of conjugation in 
 each tense, while in English they have in the Present and Im- 
 perfect three forms, and in the other tenses two : 
 
 3d) fage ; I say ; I do say ; 
 
 38(10 fagen <5ie ? What say you ? What do you say ? 
 
 (£r fagte nid)t ; He said not ; He did not say ; 
 
 ©te t>at gefun'gen; She lias sung ; 
 
 (Er ttirb fd)reiben ; He will write ; 
 
 I am saying. 
 What are you saying ? 
 He was not saying. 
 She has been singing. 
 He will be writing. 
 
 5. There are many idiomatic expressions that do not admit 
 of a literal translation from one language into another. Some 
 of these are of frequent occurrence, and demand the early- 
 attention of the learner : 
 
 ®ebe iioif) mit un3 ! 
 
 SBarum fingt er nid)t ? 
 
 <£r fingt jo. 
 
 Srfnfai ©ie gjrn 2$ee? X. * ***-*-' 
 
 Wm, id) mad)e tnir $id)t3 barau3. 
 
 <£ie fingt gem. 
 
 3d) lefe ungcrn. 
 
 dx ift ^ojfent(id) nidjt franf. 
 
 SWu§ id) tyeute ju £aufe bleiben? 
 
 ©anj nad) 3b,rem 33elie'ben. 
 
 itebung tnad)t ben Sttetfter. 
 
 2Bie faipen @ic ? 
 
 3d) $etj?e 3>aul. 
 
 2Bann lernten <Sie £>errn Earner fen* 
 
 nen? 
 3d) lernte ifyn erft Iefcte $8oA)t fen* 
 
 nen. 
 (Sw ift mir fait (or eS friert mid)). 
 9in mem tfl bie $ei()e ju lefen ? 
 Sic ift an mir. 
 (£3 frent mid) feljr. 
 £aben <3ie hunger ? 
 9?ein, aber id) Ijabe gro^en £>urfh 
 S3 t()ut mir febj leib. 
 
 Do go (go though) with us ! 
 
 Why does he not sing ? 
 
 He does sing (he is singing). 
 
 Do you like (are you fond of) tea ? 
 
 No, I do not care for it. 
 
 She likes to sing. 
 
 1 dislike to read. 
 
 It is to be hoped he is not sick. 
 
 Must I stay at home to-day ? 
 
 Just as you please (at your pleasure). 
 
 Practice makes perfect (the master). 
 
 What is your name ? 
 
 My name is Paul. 
 
 When did you become acquainted 
 
 with Mr. Marner ? 
 I did not become acquainted with 
 
 him till last week. 
 I am cold. 
 
 Whose turn is it to read ? 
 It is mine. 
 I am very glad. 
 Are you hungry ? 
 No, but I am very thirsty. 
 I am very sorry. 
 
46 
 
 LESSON 7. 
 
 Mtim 7. 
 
 Lesson 7. 
 
 DATIVE CASE. GENDER-ENDINGS. 
 
 INTERROGATIVE WORDS. 
 
 Masculine. Feminine. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 t>ief=em, btef-er, 
 
 bief^em, to, for this. 
 
 ein*em, either, 
 
 ein=em, to, for a. 
 
 S3ctf|iterc. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 @ic madjte bcr (1.) Sefyrerin einCtt (4. 2.) 
 
 £ut unb fd)icfte tf)it tyr (1.). 
 gr mTfprad)' bent 3RuHer ba$ (Mb, aber 
 
 er fd)idte e3 ifym nid)t. 
 (£3 tjl nid)t Icid)t ^u ttcrfte'ljen. 
 3d) $cdte ifyn fur reblid). 
 @3 regnet fyeftig (1. 3.), 
 (£r fjat bie toeipe <Seibe, unb id) §afce bie 
 
 gelfee. 
 
 2Bbrtertier$eidjm&. 
 
 $er STrmfh^I, -%, the arm-chair. 
 
 Der SBcicfer, -3, the baker, d = a. 
 
 Der 33auer, -3, the peasant (boor). 
 
 Der 33efen, -3, broom, besom. n=m. 
 
 Der ©resetter, -3, grandfather. 
 
 Der %a§er, -3, the hunter. 
 
 Der Refiner, -3, the waiter. 
 
 Der Cramer, -3, the grocer. 
 
 Der duller, -3, the miller, it = i. 
 
 Der 9tocf, -e$, the coat. 
 
 Der <3attler, -3, the saddler, t = d. 
 
 Der Spurfyunb, -e3, the setter. 
 
 Der 2Qetjen, -3, wheat. ei=ea; $=t. 
 
 Der ©inbljunb, ~e$, the greyhound. 
 
 She made (for) the instructress a hat 
 and sent it to her. 
 
 He promised (to) the miller the mon- 
 ey, but he did not send it to him. 
 
 It is not easy to understand. 
 
 I consider him (hold him for) honest. 
 
 It rains violently. 
 
 He has the white silk, and I have 
 the yellow. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 $te Sutter, - the butter. 
 
 Die ®ro§mutter, - grandmother. 
 
 Die 2£ejte, -, the vest. 
 
 $0$ 23rob, -c8, the bread. = ea. 
 
 DaS Seber, -3, the leather, ft = th. 
 
 DaS SKctyl, -3, the meal, flour. 
 
 ©efyo'ren, to belong. 
 
 £eid)t, easy ; light, ci =■ i. 
 
 SWatylen, to grind. 
 
 <Sagen, to say. g = y. 
 
 <Bd)idcn, to send. 
 
 2>erfctu'fen, to sell. 
 
 38em, to whom. dat. of Wer* 
 
 3<u)Ien, to pay. 
 
 $tcr$eljnte 5lufgak. 
 
 1. 28em geftort fcer mm (3. 1.) 2trmftuM? 2. Dicfcr gc$ort 
 fcem ©roj^ater, jener getyort ber (1.) ©rojmuttcr. 3. SBeldjem 
 3ager gehort t>iefer grof?e 2Bint>f)unt> ? 4. Dev 2Bint>()unt> gefoort 
 
DATIVE GENDER-EN DINGS. 47 
 
 bem duller; ber <Spiirt)unb gefyort bem 3(iger t 5. 2Ba3 tterfaufen 
 ©ie bem ©artier? 6. 2&tr serfaufen it)m 5^td>td ; toit fdnden ii)m 
 baS Seber unb ba3 £ud). 7. SSerfauft ber Cramer ber (1.) grau 
 et»a«? 8. Gr terfauft tr)r (1.) ben 33efen, ba$ 9?M)l unb bie 
 Sutter. 9. 2Ga3 serfaufre ber aire 23auer bem -Gutter? 10. (Sr 
 serfaufte ir)m ben guten JGetgen. 11. Der Gutter mafylte ben 
 2£ei$en unb serfaufte bem 23acfer ba3 SfflfyL 12. £>er SBatfet ser* 
 fauft ber (1.) grau bad 23rob. 13. 2Ba$ fagten ©ie bem Miter? 
 14. 3d) fagte ibm Wd)t3. 15. £>er Mner fd)i(fte bem ©djitfer 
 gttt>ag. 16. ©cfyicfie ber ©efynetber bem jlaufmamt bie mm SSefte? 
 
 17. 9tein, er fdncfte it)m ben neuen 9tocf. 18. 3ener aire 9ftann 
 gafylte bem $aufmaim bas (Mb. 19. 2Bem safylen @te ba3 ©e(b? 
 20. 2$ir gafyten e3 bem Cramer. 21. 2Bir fd)tcften U)m unb tt)t 
 eine kidjk Hufga&e. 
 
 Exercise 15. 
 
 1. The peasant sells the (1.) miller the good wheat. 2. What 
 does (6. 4.) the miller sell to the baker? 3. He sells him (1.) 
 the good flour. 4. To whom does the baker sell the bread] 
 5. He sells it to the woman. 6. Does the new arm-chair be- 
 long to the grandmother? 7. No, it does (6. 4.) not belong to 
 her ; it belongs to the grandfather. 8. The grocer sends the 
 (1.) waiter the good butter, and the waiter sends the grocer the 
 money. 9. The hunter pays the saddler the money. 10. Which 
 dog belongs to the hunter, the greyhound or the setter? 11. 
 Who sends the tailor the cloth, and the saddler the leather % 
 12. The tailor sends the scholar the vest ; the new coat belongs 
 to the merchant. 13. The miller grinds the wheat and sells 
 the flour.. 14. The grocer pays the miller the money. 15. To 
 whom do you seAdHhe new broom and the good butter 1 16. I 
 sent the broom to the grocer, and I sent the butter to the 
 waiter. 17. Thomas sent his friend a pencil and a good book. 
 
 18. Does the hunter send anything to the peasant] 19. He 
 sends him nothing (he does not send him anything). 20. No- 
 body sent him anything. 21. I sent him this exercise; it 
 belongsyto that scholar. 
 
48 LESSON 7. 
 
 @rammattjif)C§. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Dative answers mainly to the objective governed by a 
 preposition (4.). 
 
 The Dative endings of the gender-ending words (1. 2.) and 
 of the Possessive Pronouns, &c. (2. 1.) are: 
 
 Cm, Masculine. tt, Feminine. cm, Neuter. 
 
 jert-cm, fen-cr, jen-cm. 
 
 mein-cm, member, mem-cm. 
 
 The Dative of cr and e§ is if)tn ; that of fie is iljr. 
 
 2. Adjectives in the Dative, when preceded by a modifying 
 word (1. 2., 2. 1.), end in all genders in Ctt ; otherwise they 
 take the gender-endings (cm, cr, Clll, 1) : 
 
 3ft ber Mantel von Maueitt ©ammet, von Is the cloak' of blue velvet, of blue 
 
 Mauem Zufot ober von Waiter (Setbe? cloth, or of blue silk ? 
 
 SBa$ fagte er von bem blauCtt Sammet, What did he say of the blue, velvet, 
 
 bem Maueit Zufy? unb bet Mauet! of the blue cloth, and of the blue 
 
 <?etbe. silk ? 
 
 When a word which ends in el, en, Cr takes an additional syllable be- 
 ginning with e, one C is often dropped : 
 
 rfMc, for eit'dc; etMem, for ett=etem; ettet^n, for ettel=en ; &c. 
 eMte, for eocene ; eo=*ne3, for efr^eneS ; efc^nen, for efe^encn ; &c. 
 unf=re, for unf^ere ; unfer^m, for unfer^em ; unfer^n, for nnfer^cn ; &c. 
 
 3. The Dative precedes the Accusative when both cases are 
 governed by the same verb, except when the Accusative is a 
 Personal Pronoun : 
 
 £err <3temtt>a» fcfytcfte metnem Breunbe, Mr. Steinway sent my friend, Pro- 
 
 9)rofeffor £elmf)ol$, vorgeftern etnen fessor Helmholz, an excellent 
 
 ait$ge$etdjnete'n ^liigel. grand-piarto, day before yesterday. 
 
 Iter 3**ger verfewfte bem 23auer etnen The hunter sold the peasant a hare 
 
 £afen unb fdjtcfte tyn u)m. and sent it to him. 
 
 Of two nouns, however, both denoting persons, the Accusative, when 
 specially emphasized, may precede : 
 
 (£r ernvfal)! ben £>a tl+itmann bem ®ene*= He recommended the captain to the 
 ral, or bem ©eneral ben £auptmann. general. 
 
INTERROGATIVE WORDS. 
 
 49 
 
 4. The Dative denotes that with reference to which anything 
 is or is done : 
 
 (£r ttctljm tfjm ba3 ©cfyroert. 
 
 (Er mad)te bcm Wlakx em ^Jult unb 
 
 fcfytcfte e$ tf)tn. 
 2)er £afe entfam' bcm £unbe. 
 
 He took the sword from him. 
 
 He made (for) the painter a desk, 
 
 and sent it to him. 
 The hare escaped (from) the dog. 
 
 5. The Dative is sometimes used instead of the Genitive case 
 or a Possessive Pronoun : 
 
 din <5d)u£ tobtete u)m bct3 $ferb. 
 2)em Jtonige rotrb etn Strut gerfcf>inet- 
 tert 
 
 A shot killed his horse. 
 The arm of the king (an arm to the 
 king) is shattered. 
 
 6. As the object of Prepositions and some Verbs, the Genitive 
 and Dative answer simply to the objective : 
 
 (ikben'fe betneS (£tbe3 ! 
 
 2B£frenb bed (SommerS. 
 
 3$ banfe 3^nen; (Sie ^aben metnem 
 
 ^reunbe fefn* roetfe gera'tfyen. 
 2Btr begeg'neten t(nn lejjten SKonrag. 
 8Btr gin'gcn mit tfym nadj ber <3tabr. 
 9?a$ einem ©eroitter iji bte l*uft ret 
 <Ste troijten ber ©efafyr. 
 2lMr beburfen eurcr £ulfe. 
 Araft fctneS 51mte3 tterfjaftete er tljn. 
 &utt eineS 33errrage£. 
 (fr antruortete mir ntcbt. 
 
 Remember thy oath ! 
 
 During the summer. 
 
 I thank you ; you have advised my 
 
 friend very wisely. 
 We met him last Monday. 
 We went with him to the city. 
 After a thunder-storm the air is pure. 
 They braved the danger. 
 We need your aid. 
 By virtue of his office he arrested him. 
 According to a treaty. 
 He did not answer me. 
 
 7. The principal Interrogative words occur in the following 
 
 sentences : 
 
 SfBann unb roarum' roar er fyter ? 
 
 2©aS ttitnfcfye er ? 
 
 2Ba3 fiir ein f&nd) t>at er ? 
 
 2£er unb wo i|t er ? 
 
 SBie alt t|t er ? 
 
 2Be3baI6' roartet er fo lange ? 
 
 SBelcfyeS 9>ferb unb roetcfyen SBagen rotrb 
 
 er f aufen ? 
 2Bomtt' fdjreiot er ? 
 2Bo»on' fpredben <3te ? 
 
 When and why was he here ? 
 
 What did he wish ? 
 
 What kind of (what for) a hook has he ? 
 
 Who and where is he ? 
 
 How old is he ? 
 
 Wherefore does he wait so long ? 
 
 Which horse and which carriage will 
 
 he buy ? 
 Wherewith is he writing ? 
 Whereof are you speaking ? 
 
50 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 Seftiott 8. 
 
 Lesson 8. 
 
 DECLENSION OP NOUNS. POSITION OF SUBJECT AND VERB. 
 
 id) fjafce 
 er fyat 
 ttrir fyaben 
 \k fyaben 
 
 I have 
 he has 
 we have 
 they have 
 
 gtefien, to love. 
 
 id) fycttte 
 
 o 
 
 S5cif|iicle. 
 
 ©in 9k$bar 3bre3 SBntberS $at bem 
 2Mer etnen 2Bagen perfanft'. 
 
 Stnna bat LHu'fenS 33ud), Sutfe l;at 2Itt* 
 naS $et>er genabt. 
 
 2Btr baben auf tfm geroar'tet. 
 
 2fiir baben tfm nid)t erroar'tet. 
 
 (£3 fyat fe^r ftarf gereg'net. 
 
 (Sptelen ©ie Sc^ac^ ? 
 
 3}crige £8od)e (6. 3.) fpiette idj em roentg. 
 
 ©pielen <Ste gem blaster' ? 
 
 ^Netn, id) fptele nidjt gem, aber id) bore 
 gem sprofeffbr 28bltge fpieten. 
 
 SBfirtcrticrjcti^nti?. 
 
 £er 3tatie'ner, -9, the Italian. 
 
 £)er Dcean, -3, the ocean. 
 
 <Der Dff^ier', -5, the officer. 
 
 2)er 9?t)ein, -3, the Rhine. 
 
 £)er (Sanger, -3, the singer, ii = i. 
 
 ^er <Sd)reiner, -3, the joiner. 
 
 ©er £ifd), -e3, the table. 
 
 Xit Sranbung, -, the surf. 
 
 Tie Sanbfdjafr, -, the landscape. 
 
 "Die 2Bad)t, -, the watch, dj = tch. 
 
 XaB ©emdl'be, -$, the picture. 
 
 £a$ ftlapicr', -3, the piano. 
 
 T>a$ Sieb, -e$, the song. 
 
 £)a$ <3d)ad), -3, the chess. 
 
 Sim (an bem), on the (24. 2.). 
 
 er fyatte 
 mir fatten 
 fte fatten 
 
 I had 
 he had 
 we had 
 they had J 
 
 Examples. 
 
 A neighbor of your brother has sold 
 (to) the painter a carriage. 
 
 Anna has Louisa's book ; Louisa has 
 had Anna's pen (Anna's pen had). 
 
 We have waited for him. 
 
 We have not expected him. 
 
 It has rained very hard. 
 
 Do you play chess ? 
 
 Last week I played a little. 
 
 Do you like to play on the piano ? 
 
 No, 1 do not like it, but I like to 
 hear Professor Woltge play. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 93efu'd)en, to visit. 
 
 ©client, yesterday (yester. g = y). 
 
 •Soren, to hear, o = ea. 
 
 3e, ever. 
 
 Semen, to study ; learn, c = ea. 
 
 Sftadjen, to make, d) = k. 
 
 9?te, never. 
 
 Dft, often. 
 
 (Selten, seldom, t = d ; It = m. 
 
 (Sptelen, to play. 
 
 £r&ge, lazy. 
 
 SJortrejflid), excellent. 
 
 Betcfynen, to draw. 
 
 Betgen, to show. 
 
 3uroet'len, sometimes (2Beite, while). 
 
DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 51 
 
 1. SDeldjen ©anger IjaUn @ie gebort (3.) ? 2. 3$ fyaBe ben 
 jungen 3tatiener get)b'rt (5.), welder (7.) fo oft tyter ftngt (6.). 
 3. 3$ ^abc itjn oft gefybrt. 4. SBir t>abeit i()n felten gefybrt. 
 
 5. SRciit ©ruber Hermann l)0t ifyn me gefybrt. 6. Der ©ofyn be$ 
 Dfftjtetfg unb id) fyaben juroeilen ©cbacfy gefplelt. 7. £)er ©ruber 
 meines greunbeS fyat fefyr otel gelernt. 8. $abm @ie je bte 
 ©ranbung be£ CceanS gebbrt? 9. 3$ fyafce fie guroetlen, aber 
 ntd)t oft gefybrt. 10. 2£a$ fyat ber fletgtge ©djremer gemad)t? 
 
 11. (£r fyat bem ©djiiler (7. 3.) emeu i)iibfd)en £tfd) gemad)t. 
 
 12. Jperr unb gran Seber fyabtn graulein Wleifoex em I)ubfd)e3 
 Easier gefdjicft 13. graulein feigner fpielt oortreffltd) (1. 3.). 
 
 14. £er Wakv Ijat xmd bas^ fd)bne ©emalbe gqeigt. 15. 3d) fyabt 
 geftern ba3 £ieb „bie 2Bad)t am d\i)dn" gel)brt. 16. $ietne 
 ©cfyroefter Ijat eine 2anbfd)aft ge$eid)net, rcelcbe fel)r fd)bn ift. 
 17; S5ie otel Zu% $at ber Jtaufmann fyeute oerfauft? 18. <Sr 
 f)at fet)r toenig oerfauft, aber inet gefauft. 19. 2$ie stel §at ber 
 ©fitter Vwte gelernt ? 20. (£r bat toentg gelernt, benu er ift fet)r 
 trage* 21. ©ie 3eid)nen fefyr gut 
 
 Exercise 17. W^ 
 
 1. We have learned (3.) our lesson (5.). 2. Has Hermann 
 learned his lesson 1 3. He has learned it (2. 2.). 4. Have you 
 heard that young singer r l 5. We have often heard him (5.). 
 
 6. Has Gerhard ever heard him 1 7. He has never heard him. 
 8. Who is always diligent 1 9. When have you visited your 
 uncle Immish 1 10. I have visited him to-day. 11. He has 
 seldom visited i;s, for he has a great deal to do. 12. How 
 much blue cloth have you bought? 13. I have not bought 
 very much. 14. Who sent Miss Meissner her beautiful piano 1 
 
 15. Mr. and Mrs. Weber sent it to her (7. 3.). 16. Has Mr. 
 Ileimer shown his friend (7. 3.) the new painting that he has 
 bought (6.)1 17. Yes, he has shown it to him. 18. Has the 
 cabinet-maker made the scholar's desk'? 19. No, but he has 
 made the teacher's table. 20. Here is the new desk that he 
 has made (6.). 21. I play, but I do not play very well (1. 3.). 
 
52 
 
 LESSON 
 
 ®ramtnattfd)e0. Grammatical. 
 
 1. Nouns have three forms of inflection, called the Old, the 
 New, and the Mixed declensions. 
 
 1. Nouns ending in the gen. sing, in e§ or $ are of the Old Declension. 
 
 2. Nouns ending in the gen. sing, in cit or n are of the New Declension. 
 
 3. Nouns partly of the Old and partly of the Neio are of the Mixed Declension. 
 
 2. Nouns of the Old Declension, when ending in an accented 
 syllable, add cl in the genitive and e in the dative ; those hav- 
 ing the last syllable unaccented, ending in c or a liquid, are only 
 varied by adding 3 in the genitive. 
 
 1. The C of the dative is often omitted ; also sometimes the c of the 
 genitive, when the noun does not end in a sibilant letter. 
 
 2. The names of persons ending in 0, J, or in a similar sound, usually 
 take en0 in the genitive ; feminine names in t add ll$ ; others add g : 
 
 Nom. Sorenj, ©ufhw, SBityelm, Sui'fe, tact. 
 
 Gen. 2oren$*en3, @u|to»*3, 2Bityelm*3, £uife*n3, 3fnna=3. 
 
 3. Proper names omit the genitive ending, when that case is indicated 
 by another word : 
 
 Tie S3ereb'famfett ettteg (Etcerc. The eloquence of a Cicero. 
 
 2)a$ Set-en ber $5mgin Suife. The life of (the) Queen Louisa, 
 
 ftriebrtd) be$ Btvetten Steoje'rung. Frederic the Second's reign. 
 
 Old Declension of Nouns with the Definite Article. 
 
 Nom. ber Sftater, the painter. 
 
 Gen. beS 9Mer=g, the painter's. 
 
 Dat. bem Scaler, to, for the painter. 
 
 Ace. ben SWaler, the painter. 
 
 Nom. ber SSflann, the man. 
 
 Gen. be£ 9ftann*e£, the man's. 
 
 Dat, bem SRamve, to, for the man. 
 
 Ace. ben 3ftcmn, the man. 
 
 3. The Perfect Participle (in verbs of the New Form, 11. 1.) 
 is formed by suffixing t or et to the root, and to those accented 
 on the first syllable, prefixing ge : 
 
 tterfauf =en, to sell ; tterfauf^t, sold. I fauf^en, to buy ; Qthuf^t, bought. 
 &elieb'*en, to please ; klte&4, pleased. | lichen, to love ; gc4tef>4, loved. 
 
 baa ftinb, 
 
 the child. 
 
 be$ mnb*t§, 
 
 the child's. 
 
 bem iluuve, 
 
 to, for the child. 
 
 baa $mb, 
 
 the child. 
 
 bie ftrau, "| 
 
 Feminine common 
 
 ber %xau, 1 
 
 nouns are unde- 
 
 ber $rau, [ 
 
 clined in the sin- 
 
 bie $rau, J 
 
 gular (6. 2.). 
 
POSITION OF SUBJECT AND VERB. 53 
 
 4. In Independent sentences, not beginning with the sub- 
 ject, the verb (in compound tenses the auxiliary) usually pre- 
 cedes the subject : 
 
 2)ort fteftt ber 3ager. Yonder stands the hunter. 
 
 £)ort jtefjt er. Yonder he stands. 
 
 Dft fyctt cr geltttert. - Often has he suffered, 
 
 ©eftern war e3 fait. Yesterday it was cold. 
 
 $mte ift e$ Ijeijj. To-day it is (is it) hot. 
 
 ttnt), ttficr, affein, ttntl, fonbem, nihttltdj, Oiiet, are regarded as merely 
 connecting sentences, and hence they do not influence the collocation. 
 
 5. In Independent sentences the verb in the Present and 
 Imperfect tenses precedes the object (as in English) ; in other 
 tenses the auxiliary immediately follows the subject, and the 
 main verb comes last : 
 
 3d) Icfe bad 93ud). I am reading the book. 
 
 3d) fyafre e3 fd)on getefen. I have already read it. 
 
 (E3 i|t notfjtg, beittlid) ju fpredjen. It is necessary to speak distinctly. 
 
 6. In Subordinate sentences the verb is placed last; the 
 auxiliary, when used, following the main verb : 
 
 (Er fud)t etn 33udj, roetcfyeS i^ feabe. He is looking for a book that I have. 
 
 (Er f)at ba$ 33ud), tt>etd)e3 id) gelefen Ijafc. He has the book that I have read. 
 
 (Er fdjrtefc etnen 33ricf an fetnen SSater, He wrote a letter to his father while 
 tta'Ijreni) id) Me SCbenbpoft Ia3. I read the Evening Post. 
 
 7. Interrogative words (7. 7.), as in English, are also used 
 as relatives : 
 
 Interrogative. Relative. 
 
 2Bo ijt er ? (Setjen ©te md)r, roo er ift ? 
 
 Where is he ? Do you not see where he is ? ' 
 
 SMdjer 9flamt roar |>ter ? Dtefer ift ber Mann, roetd)er fyter roar. 
 
 Which man was here ? This is the man who was here. 
 
 2Barum roar er r)ier ? (Er fagte nid)t, roarum er t)ier roar. 
 
 Why was he here ? He did not say why he was here. 
 
 2Bamt ftnrb er fommett ? <5agte er 3fjnen, roarm er fommert tturb ? 
 
 When will he come ? Did he tell you when he would (will) come ? 
 
 2£a$ bat er gefagt ? 3d) glauoe ntd)t, toad er gefagt fjat. 
 
 What has he said ? I do not believe what he has said. 
 
 2£te lernte biefer <5d)u(er ? 3d) fragte iljn, roie biefer (3d)itter lewte. 
 
 How did this scholar learn ? I asked him how this scholar learned. 
 
54 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 Scftton 9. 
 
 Lesson 9. 
 
 DECLENSION OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS. FORMS OF ADDRESS. 
 
 PRESENT AND IMPERFECT OF ^ttfieil AND SCUt. 
 
 icfy mcrbe 
 er mirb 
 mx tterben j 
 fie iuerben 
 
 i! 
 
 fiiebett, to love 
 
 I shall > 
 he will 
 
 we shall 
 they will 
 
 id) merbe 
 er roirb 
 
 ttnr toerben i"fT 
 fie Herbert 
 
 I shall 1 
 he will 
 we shall 
 they will 
 
 if 
 
 < 
 
 a- 
 
 SBeifJiiele. 
 
 £akn <3ie (EtroaS gefauft ? 
 
 9tod) ntc^t, akr rotr roerben Mb (£tn?a3 
 
 faufcn. 
 '2Ba3 far ber 33ud)r;anbler 3*mert I)eute 
 
 gefd)i(ft ? 
 ©ef)en <3ie mit una ? 
 ©er Ufyrmadjer far mir meine Uljr fcfart 
 
 gefducft. 
 ©efyert <5te mit un$ ! 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Have you bought anything ? 
 
 Not yet (yet not), but we shall soon 
 
 buy something. 
 What has the bookseller sent you 
 
 to-day ? 
 Are you going with us ? 
 The wa^ch-maker has already sent 
 
 me my watch. 
 Go with us ! 
 
 SBorterberjeidjnij?. 
 
 $er SIBenb, -3, the evening. 
 
 ©er banner, -3, carman, drayman. 
 
 ©er Coffer, -$, the trunk (coffer). 
 
 ©er 9ftorgen, -i, the morning. 
 
 ©er ftegert, -3, the rain. 
 
 ©er £ifd)ter, -3, cabinet-maker. 
 
 ©er tU)rmad)er, -3, watch-maker. 
 
 $te Uf)r, - the watch. 
 
 $a§ ®ra3, -e$, the grass. 
 
 ©a3 Dfcfi, -e3, the fruit. 
 
 ©a3 9)utt, -e$, the desk. 
 
 Salb, soon. 
 
 ©efcfaf tigt, busy. 
 
 %xty, early. 
 
 $iird)ten, to fear. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 ®Ietcr<, immediately. 
 
 £offert, to hope, fjf = p. 
 
 •£>cter», to go for, to get. 
 
 Wtytn, to mow. 
 
 SWorgen, to-morrow. 
 
 9ftorgert frill), to-morrow morning. 
 
 fRetf, ripe, f = p. 
 
 9tunb, round, u = OU. 
 
 ©cfart, already. 
 
 ©trtgen, to sing. 
 
 ©orgfciltig, careful. 
 
 Uekrmorgen, day after to-morrow. 
 
 SBatm, when, a = e. 
 
 2Barmn', why. 
 
 2Bieberfa'len, repeat. 
 
DECLENSION OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS. 55 
 
 Wfyt^nk SlufgaBe. 
 
 1, SBattn nurb ber jnnge 3taltcner ftngen? 2. @r ttnrb morgen 
 ftngen (8, 5.). 3. SBerben ©te ifyn morgen fyoren ? 4. 3d) toerbe 
 tfyn itbermorgen bbren. 5, 2$tr tuerben nnfere Slufgabe fyente 
 2Ibenb ober morgen frity fdjretben. 6. SSann, wo nnb rate tr-erben 
 ©ie 3^re Slufgabe fdjreiben ? 7. 3d) tuerbe fte (2. 2.) morgen 
 ju £anfe fefyr forgfatttg fcbretben. 8. SBann ttnrb ber Ufyrmacber 
 3t)nen 3bre neue Ut?r fdjtden ? 9, (Sr ttnrb fie mir ntcfyt fdn'dert, 
 td) toerbe fie fyolen. 10. Dtefes Dbft ioirb balb reif fetn. 11. 
 SBarum l>at ber farmer meinen Coffer nidjt gefyolt? 12. (Er war 
 fefyr befcfydftigt $ er nurb it)n (2. 2.) gletd) fyolen. 13. SBann toer* 
 ben ©ie 3t)r ®ra3 mafyen ? 14. 2£ir tjaben e$ fcbon gemat)t. 
 15. SBann ttnrb ber ©cfynetber ben Rod gemad)t ijaben't 1(3. 3<fy 
 f)offc, nur tuerben morgen jn.^aufe fetn. 17. $?etn s £ater fyoffr, 
 ©te werben nn$ balb befncfyen. 18. SBamt trtrb ber Sifcfyler ben 
 runben £tfd) unb ba3 grofe ^>ult madden? 19. (Er fyat fte fcfyon 
 gemacfyr. 20. 3d) fiircfyte nnb ©te fyoffcn, ttu'r ioerben morgen 
 9tegen fyaben. 21. ££>te beftnben ©te ftd) ? -22. 3d) banfe 3fyncn 
 (7. 4.), id) beftnbe mid) toofyl. 23. 9ftng i&> btefe Slnfgabe nueber* 
 Men ? 
 
 Exercise 19. 
 
 1. Shall you write your exercise carefully (9.) 1 2. I shall 
 write it (2. 2.) very carefully. 3. Who will make you a table 1 ? 
 4. The cabinet-maker will make us a table. 5. Will he make 
 it soon'* 6. Yes, he will make it very soon. 7. Shall you be 
 at home to-morrow 1 8. W T e shall be in Dresden to-morrow. 
 9. We shall be at home day after to-morrow. 10. W T hen will 
 the merchant be in Stralsund 1 11. He will be in Stralsund 
 to-morrow morning. 12. W^ben will the drayman go for the 
 trunk? 13. He will go for it this evening. 14. Will the 
 peasant mow his grass soon 1 ? 15. He will mow it day after 
 to-morrow. 16. I hope we shall have rain to-morrow. 17. 
 When shall you go to get your watch 1 18. I have already got 
 it. 19. Will this fruit soon be ripe 1 20. I hope you are (find 
 
56 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 yourself) very well. 21. I will visit you to-morrow evening. 
 22. Which exercise must I repeat 1 
 
 ®ramma'tifd)c§. 
 
 Grammatical 
 
 
 1. Declension of Personal Pronouns. 
 
 First Person. Second Person. 
 
 Third Person. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Norn, id), I. 
 
 bu, thou. 
 
 cr, he. fte, she. 
 
 e3, it. 
 
 Gen. nteiner, of me. 
 
 betner, of thee. 
 
 fetner, of him. jtljrer, of her. 
 
 feiner,ofit- 
 
 Bat. mix, to, for me. 
 
 btr, to, for thee. 
 
 ifym,to,for him.' if)r,to,forher. 
 tfm, him. Ijte, her. 
 
 tijm, for it. 
 
 Ace. mid), me. 
 
 bid), thee. 
 
 e$, it. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Plural. All Genders. (L. 1. 4.) 
 
 Nom. Jrtr, we. 
 
 u)r, you. 
 
 fte, they (<Ste). 
 
 Gen. unfer, for ns. 
 
 ener, of you. 
 
 fi)rer, of them (3^er)» 
 
 Bat. imS, to, for us. 
 
 cud), to, for you. 
 
 iljnen, to, for them (Sfynen)* 
 
 Ace. l«t§, ns. 
 
 cud), you. 
 
 , fte, them (©te)* 
 
 2. Among intimate friends and in poetic, devotional, and 
 oratorical language, the pronouns of the second person are used : 
 
 tfarfdjeu, »a3 tyajt bu ? Charley, what have you ? 
 
 £>ein ifi ba3 9?eid). Thine is the kingdom. 
 
 5?ennfl bu bad Sanb ? Knowest thou the land ? 
 
 Sinber, 3$r tyo&t genua/ gefptrit. Children, you have played enough. 
 
 3. When <2>te is used for the second person, the form of 
 Interrogative and Imperative sentences is the same, except that 
 with fetlt the imperative is fetCtt ©tC : 
 
 5?ommen <Ste Mb mieber ? 
 ^omnteu ©te Balb nneber ! 
 <5tnb ©ie ntubc ? 
 ©eten ©ie nu)tg ! 
 
 Are you coming again soon ? 
 Come again soon ! 
 Are you weary ? 
 Be quiet ! 
 
 4. The pronouns of the first and second persons are also used 
 reflexively, answering to the compounds myself, ourselves, thyself, 
 yourselves : 
 
 3d) fcfm'ne mid) ; ttnr fceftn'neit un3. I bethink myself ; we bethink ourselves. 
 
PRESENT AND IMPERFECT OF HABEN AND SEIN. 
 
 57 
 
 5. In the third person of both numbers and of all genders, 
 the indeclinable pronoun fid) is used : 
 
 (£r kftmrt fid). 
 <Sie kftnnen fid). 
 SB'fe Bepnben Siertdj ? 
 
 3d) banfe 3fjnen, i§ fceftnbe ttti^ fefyr 
 
 tooty, 
 3d) frebVne mid) btefer ©ete'genljeit. 
 Sr ru&mt fid) feincr ©ekfyrfamfett. 
 
 He bethinks himself. 
 They bethink themselves. 
 How do you do (find yourself) ? 
 I thank you, I am (find myself) very 
 
 well. 
 I avail myself of this opportunity. 
 He boasts himself of his erudition. 
 
 6. The reflexive use of pronouns is much more common in 
 German than in English : 
 
 $a« SBetter f eKt fid) auf. 
 
 (£8 serfle^t ftd), ba§ ttnr atfe ge^en 
 
 muffen. 
 (£8 fragt ftdj, oft roir ifym traucrt 
 
 fonnen. 
 (Sr nimmt ftd) faum Qt\t jum (£f* 
 
 feu. 
 6te fonnen vtd) auf un<3 serlaffcn. 
 3d) freue mid) baritfcr. 
 
 The weather is clearing (itself) up. 
 
 Of course (it understands itself) we 
 must all go. 
 
 It is questionable (asks itself) wheth- 
 er we can trust him. 
 
 He takes (to himself) scarcely time 
 to eat. 
 
 You can depend (leave yourself) on us. 
 
 I rejoice (myself) at it. 
 
 7. $a(ieit f to have. 
 
 Present Tense. 
 
 Imperfect 
 
 Tense. 
 
 tdj tyafce, 
 
 I have. 
 
 id) fycttte, 
 
 I had. 
 
 bit (2.) $afi, 
 
 thou hast. 
 
 bn (2.) fjatteft, 
 
 thou hadst 
 
 er hat, 
 
 he has. 
 
 er fyatte, 
 
 he had. 
 
 nur fyafcett, 
 
 we have. 
 
 nur fatten, 
 
 we had. 
 
 tyr (2.) Jjafcr, 
 
 you have. 
 
 tt>r (2.) fatter, 
 
 you had. 
 
 ftc fyafren, 
 
 they have. 
 
 fte fatten, 
 
 they had. 
 
 
 8. Sein 
 
 , to be. 
 
 
 Present Tense. 
 
 Imperfect 
 
 Tense. 
 
 id) tin, 
 
 I am. 
 
 id) n>ar, 
 
 I was. 
 
 bu (2.) bi% 
 
 thou art. 
 
 bu (2.) warfr, 
 
 thou wast. 
 
 erifi, 
 
 he is. 
 
 er wax, 
 
 he was. 
 
 nur ftnb, 
 
 we are. 
 
 nur maren, 
 
 we were. 
 
 ihx (2.) feib, 
 
 you are. 
 
 tfyr (2.) mart, 
 
 you were. 
 
 flc ftnb, 
 
 they are. 
 
 fte maren, 
 
 they were. 
 
58 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 9. Adverbs follow the object in the following order : first, 
 
 those of time ; second, of place ; third, of manner : 
 
 (£r n>ctr nid)t bjer. 3d) fab, iljn ntd)t. He was not here. I did not see him. 
 
 #at er bid) md)t befudjt ? Has he not visited you ? 
 
 &$ regnete geftern ^ter fe^r ftorf . It rained here very hard yesterday. 
 
 There is, however, a frequent deviation from the above order, especially 
 when long adverbial expressions are used : 
 
 (£3 regnete ljter »or etittgen 2Bod)en fefyr It rained here very hard some weeks 
 
 ftarf. ago. 
 
 (£$ regnete nut cutBeror'bentttd)er -^efttg^ It rained in this region with extra- 
 
 fett in biefer ©egenb am jtvanjigjlen ordinary violence on the twen- 
 
 Styrtl'. tieth of April. 
 
 
 
 Mtion 10. 
 
 Lesson 10. 
 
 CONJUGATION OF 8tCfiCtt f TO LOVE. 
 
 Seifjitele. 
 
 3d) tMrte fd)on etne ©tunbe. 
 3d) warte nod) etne <8tunbe. 
 2Btr ftnb erjl: etnen 9)?onat f)ter. 
 gr fptclt, anjtatt' gu lefen. 
 (£r serfprad/ e$, oljne ju benfen. 
 2)te ©efd)tdj'te Cft nid)t ju gtauben. 
 2Btr laffen ein £au3 bauen. 
 3d) fat) e3 »or etner <5tunbe. 
 
 USE OF TENSES AND INFINITIVE. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 I have already waited an hour. 
 
 I will wait ah hour yet (still an hour). 
 
 We have been here only a month. 
 
 He plays, instead of reading. 
 
 He promised it without thinking. 
 
 The story is not to be believed. 
 
 "We are having a house built. 
 
 I saw it an hour ago (before an hour). 
 
 SBiirtcrUcrjetJpt^ 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 $er $iu)rer, -3, the guide. 
 £)er $affee, -$, the coffee. 
 
 23letben, to remain. 
 
 Srtngen, to bring. 
 
 £>er Server, -$, the teacher. 
 
 Darin', in it, therein. 
 
 3)er £f)ee, -3, the tea. 
 
 (£rft, only ; erst. 
 
 £>er 3uder, _g, the sugar. 
 
 ©emtg', enough, g = — ; fl = gh. 
 
 $ie ©efd)id)'te, - the story, history. 
 
 ©lauben, to believe, b = v; ttU = ie 
 
 £te 2JWd), -a, the milk, d) ^ k. 
 
 <Sef)en, to see. 
 
 £)te 9?adjrtd)t, - the news. 
 
 £abeltt, to blame. 
 
 £>te <Stunbe, - the hour. 
 
 ©or, before, ago. 
 
 £>te 2Bcu)rf)dt, - the truth. 
 
 Sorgeftern, day before yesterday. 
 
 £a§ £au£, -€$, the house. ttU = OU. 
 
 SSta$rfdjetnlt<& probable. 
 
 2)a3 #atertanb, -e3, fatherland. 
 
 Bteber, again. 
 
 S3i^, tm, until. 
 
 2Bo$l,well. = e» 
 
CONJUGATION OP LIEBEN. 59 
 
 .gmonjtgfic tofgak. 
 
 1. 2Bie lange rcobncn (2.) @ie in biefem £anfe? 2. 2Bir n?ot)* 
 nen erft em 3aljr barin. 3. 2Bann fyaben ©ie e^ gelauft ? 4. 3$ 
 ^abc e^ »or einem 3at)rc gcfauft (4.). 5. 3d) bin fd)on eine 
 (Stnnbe fyier. 6. 3d) l)abe erft fefyr taenia, gelernt. 7. 2Bte lange 
 merben @te fyier bletben ? 8. 2Gir toerben bttf morgen fyier bletben ; 
 nnfer 5*'ennb wirb fctl iibermorgen bletben. 9. $Qann l)aben ©te 
 biefe 9?ad)ricfyt gefyort? 10. 3d) fyabe fie geftern ober ttorgeftern 
 get)6rt II. $3arnm fyat ber Sefyrer ben <Sd)itler getabelt? 12. (Er 
 bat ifyn nid)t getabelt. 13. 2>r £ifd)ler fyat un$ einen Sifdj ge* 
 madjt, aber er fyat ifyn nn$ nid)t gefd)icft. 14. 2Bir bortennidtf, 
 »a$ ber ^itfyrer fagtc. 15. fringe mir ben $ajfee nnb ben 3uder! 
 
 16. fteHntr, bringen ©ie (9. 3.) mir ben £fyee nnb bie -SDWdj ! 
 
 17. <£>te werben 3tyr QSaterlanb rcafyrfdjeinlid) nie iricber fefyen. 
 
 18. 3$ tyabe biefe ®efd)td)te gefytfrt, aber nie geglanbt. 19. ©ie 
 werben fie (2. 2.) glanben, benn fie ift bie SBaforfyeit. 20. @ie 
 l)aben fiir fyente genng gelernt $ leben ©ie mofyl (9. 3.) ! 
 
 Exercise 21. 
 
 1. We have (2.) already been here an hour. 2. Why did 
 (6. 4.) you sell your house? 3. We did not sell it, but we have 
 sold our wagon. 4. When did you sell your country-seat 1 
 5. We sold it a year ago. 6. Has the cabinet-maker sent us 
 our table ? 7. No, he has not had time to make it (8. 5.). 
 8. Has the painter blamed the scholar 1 9. No, he has praised 
 him. 10. I hear what the guide says, but I do not understand 
 it. 11. How long will your friend remain here 1 12. He will 
 remain here till day after to-morrow. 13. Bring (9. 3.) me a 
 book ! 14. Send the scholar a pencil ! 15. The merchant has 
 sold a great deal of sugar and coffee. 16. Do you believe this 
 story? 17. I have never heard it. 18. When shall you learn 
 your exercise 1 19. I have already learned it, and shall write it 
 to-morrow morning. 20. Visit us to-morrow (in order) to (7.) 
 sec our new horse ! 21. Learn diligently (1. 3.), write (9. 3.) 
 carefully ! 
 
60 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 ©rammatffdjeS. Grammatical 
 
 1. Conjugation of IteBen, to love. 
 
 Infinitive Mood. 
 
 
 Present. 
 
 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 
 lieben, 
 
 to love. geliebt Jjaben, to have loved. 
 
 
 Participles. 
 
 Present. Perfect. 
 
 tiebent 
 
 >, loving. geltebr, loved. 
 
 
 Indicative Mood. 
 
 Present Tense. 
 
 Imperfect Tense. 
 
 id) liebe, 
 
 I love. 
 
 id) Uebte, I loved. 
 
 bu liebft, 
 
 thou lovest. 
 
 bu Hebteft, thou lovedst. 
 
 cr Itebt, 
 
 he loves. 
 
 cr liebre, he loved. 
 
 nrir Heben, 
 
 we love. 
 
 unr Uebren, we loved. 
 
 tt)r liebt, 
 
 you love. 
 
 t()r liebter, you loved. 
 
 fie lieben, 
 
 they love. 
 
 fie (tebten, they loved. 
 
 Pgr/eci 
 
 Tense. 
 
 Pluperfect Tense. 
 
 idj ^abe 
 
 
 I have 
 
 
 id) (jatre 
 
 I had 
 
 - 
 
 bu t)ajr 
 
 
 thou hast 
 
 
 bu X>atteft 
 
 thou hadst 
 
 
 er fyat 
 
 CO 
 
 he has 
 
 o 
 
 er X>atte 
 
 ^ he had 
 
 c 
 
 mtr fyaben 
 
 
 we have 
 
 
 toir fatten 
 Ujr fyattet 
 
 S* we had 
 
 t 
 t 
 
 tf)r f)abt 
 
 
 you have 
 
 
 you had 
 
 
 jte fyaben _, 
 
 
 they have 
 
 
 fie fatten J 
 
 they had 
 
 - 
 
 First Fut 
 
 ire Tense. 
 
 Second Future Tense. 
 
 id) roerbe 
 
 
 I shall ' 
 
 
 tdj tt*erbc 
 
 ) I shall 1 
 co 
 2* thou wilt 
 
 
 bu roirji 
 
 
 thou wilt 
 
 
 bu nnrft 
 
 p 
 
 er tuirt) 
 
 ► '3 s 
 
 he will 
 
 ^ 'o 
 
 er tr-trb 
 
 S* he will 
 
 9 
 
 itur Herbert 
 
 3 
 
 we shall 
 
 a> 
 
 \mv rcerbcn 
 
 Ijf we will 
 
 o 4 
 
 ibr n?erbet 
 
 
 you will 
 
 
 tfyr roerbet 
 
 2 you will 
 
 
 fie tuerben 
 
 
 they will^ 
 
 
 fie Herbert 
 
 they will J 
 
 
 Imperative Mood. 
 Hebe (t>u), love (thou). litbti or liebt (tt)r), love (ye or you) 
 
 V 
 
USE OF TENSES AND INFINITIVE. 61 
 
 2. The Present Tense, often with an adverb, is used to 
 denote the past time of a still continuing action or state, where 
 in English the Perfect is used : 
 
 3$ ttarte fd)on etne ganje ©hmbe auf I (wait) have already waited a whole 
 
 ©te. hour for you. 
 
 3d) Bin fdjott em 3a$r in biefem I have been (already) a year in this 
 
 Sanbe. country. 
 
 3d) fenne £errn 9?. faum einen 5ftc* I have known Mr. N. scarcely a 
 
 nctt. month. 
 
 2)iefer ©turm ttmtfjet fdjon »ier unb This storm has already raged twenty- 
 
 $n>an$tg ©tunben. four hours. 
 
 3. The Present Tense is often used for the Future, or to 
 indicate purpose or ability : 
 
 3d) roarte Wo3 etne ©tunbe auf ©te. I shall wait only an hour for you. 
 
 3d) nef)tne ©te gent nttt, ofcer id) toarte I will gladly take you with me, but 
 
 nur eine ©tunbe. I shall (can) wait only an hour. 
 
 9Btr gefyen morgen frttt). We (shall) go to-morrow morning. 
 
 3d) ertra'ge e3 ntd)t. I can (or will) not endure it. 
 
 3d) gek ntd)t mel)r bafur'. I will give no more for it. 
 
 4. The Perfect Tense, when denoting a period of time fully 
 past, is rendered by the English Imperfect : 
 
 Sr t)at unS geftern fcefudjt. He (has) visited us yesterday. 
 
 5. The Infinitive active often has a passive signification : 
 
 £>tefe3 £au3 ifl ju ttermte'tfjen. This house is to (be) let. 
 
 £)a3 9)ferb tft gu serfaufen. The horse is to be sold (to sell). 
 
 3d) Xaffe 33rob Wen. I send for bread. 
 
 (£r Icipt ein £au3 bauen. He is having a house built. 
 
 ©te ld§t einen £>ut mad)en. She is having (getting) a hat made. 
 
 ©3 t|t nid)t $u glcutkn. It is not to be believed. 
 
 2)a3 $ferb lapt fid) fangen. The horse lets itself be caught. 
 
 ©te taffen fid) ntd)t fefyen. You do not let yourself be seen. 
 
 2Ba3 Iajjt ftd) bauon fagen ? What can (lets itself) be said about it ? 
 
 6. The Infinitive is rendered by our Present Participle : 
 1 After the prepositions Ultfttttt', instead of, and jljttC, without; 
 
 2. As a verbal noun, usually with the definite article ; and 
 
 3. After Jjabeit and QEJjett in a few expressions : 
 
62 LESSON 10. 
 
 <£r ftyretft, anftott ju lefen. He writes instead of reading. 
 
 (Er ftricfyt, ol)ne ju benfen. He speaks without thinking. 
 
 3$ f)6re bad Sraufcn bed SBinbed. I hear the roaring of the wind. 
 
 £>ad Saufcn eram'tct. (The) running fatigues. 
 
 <£r f>at etne ftlinte an bcr 2Banb ^ahgeit. He has a gun hanging on the wall. 
 
 (Er odU ftfckn. He is going a fishing. 
 
 7. lint JU signifies m order to, or simply £o, before the 
 infinitive : 
 
 SWan (eft; urn git Ierneit, unb lernt, um One lives (in order) to learn, and 
 flu leben. learns (in order) to live. 
 
 SBtebcrljoIimg. Recapitulation. 
 
 Zwei und zwanzigste Aufgabe. 
 
 1. Wohnen Sie schon lange in diesem Hause 1 2. J a, wir 
 wolmen schon sehr lange darin. 3. Wie lange warten Sie 
 schon'? 4. Ich warte erst eine Stunde. 5. Ich warte noch 
 eine Stunde, und dann gehe ich. 6. Sie werden diese Nach- 
 richt gehbrt haben, ehe er kommt. 7. Wissen Sie wer dieses 
 Fraulein ist 1 8. Nein, aber ich glaube, es ist Fraulein Keller. 
 9. Herr Held ist ein alter Freund meiner Mutter. 10. Wir 
 erwarten jeden Augenblick einen Freund aus Paris'; warten Sie 
 dock, bis er kommt. 11. Ich bedaure sehr, aber ich muss gleich 
 gehen. 12. Entsclmldigen Sie mich, mein Herr, konnen Sie 
 mir nicht sagen, wo Doktor Meissner wohnt? 13. Ja, er wohnt 
 in diesem Hause, aber er ist jetzt nicht zu Hause. 14. Wer ist 
 diese Frau 1 15. Es ist Frau Stoll. 16. Dieser alte Herr ist 
 unser Nachbar. 17. Reisen Sie gliicklich ! 18. Besuchen Sie 
 uns recht bald wieder ! 19. Das Madchen lobt sich nicht, aber 
 sie lobt ihren kleinen Bruder. 20. Ich gehe zu dem Buch- 
 handler, um ein neues Buch zu kaufen. 21. Dieses kalte Wasser 
 ist nicht angenehm. 22. Ich trinke nicht gern kalten Thee. 
 23. Leben Sie wohl, mein Fraulein ! 24. Mein Herr, ich hoffe, 
 wir werden Sie bald in Dresden sehen. 25. Was ist zu thun % 
 26. Hier ist keine Herberge zu finden. 27. Anstatt zu schla- 
 fen und ohne zu essen, miissen wir gehen. 28. Das Gehen und 
 Fasten hat mich ganz erschopft. 
 
PLAN OF COMPOSING GERMAN. 63 
 
 Plan of Composing German. 
 
 This plan, although essentially the same as originally pre- 
 sented in the author's New Method with German,- has been ar- 
 ranged in the present work with a view to its earlier and more 
 general application. The art of "thinking in a foreign lan- 
 guage " — which is indispensable to its ready use — can only 
 be acquired, as in one's native language, by the habit of as- 
 sociating the peculiar forms of the language with the cor- 
 responding thoughts. In applying this plan, any German sen- 
 tence, within the scope of preceding rules, may be made a model 
 for the practice of the class in forming similar sentences com- 
 posed either wholly or in part of other words. This process, 
 while serving as a practical and impressive review of previous 
 Lessons, enables the learner to avoid the common and natural 
 error of turning English modes of thought and expression into 
 merely literal German. 
 
 The manner in which sentences may be varied, or new ones formed, is 
 sufficiently indicated in the following examples : 
 
 2Md)Cr 9Jtonn iff retcf) unb welder $cann ijt arm ? (STufga&e 1., <3a£ 4.) 
 Substitute $rau or 5?inb for Wtann (2Betcf)C $rau iff retd) unb tt>efcf)e grau ijt 
 arm ? or 2Beld)C0 $mb ijt retcf) unb meld)C$ $tnb iff arm ?) ; or biefer and jener 
 for roeldjer (Dtefcr 3flann ijt retcf) unb jener $cann iff arm ; or luefe %xau iff retd) 
 unb jene grau iff arm ; or 2)tcfe$ ftinb, &c.) ; or jufrieben and tmjufrieben for 
 reid) and arm, &c. (2Belcf)er 9)iann ijt gufrteben unb writer SDcann if} unjufriebett ? 
 or £iefer 9Jcann, &c. ; or SBefdje ftxau, &c). 
 
 3encr angenefjme £err, jene liefcenSrourbtgc £)ame unb jcne£ gute $inb toofjnen in 
 3)armftabt. (Stufgabe 5., <Safc 11.) 
 Substitute 5tnak for £err, fein for jene and jeneS, ©djroefter for £>ame, and 
 ©ruber for $inb (Setter angenefmte $nabe, feme IiefeenSwurbige <Scr>tt>efter unb fein 
 gutcr 23ruber tt>of)nen in 1)armftabt) ; or, substitute other adjectives for ange* 
 nefmt, licbenSWurbia,, and gut ; or, any other place or country for £>armftabt ; &c. 
 
 £)er SBacfer serfaufte tier $rau bag ©rob. (Sfufgafce 14., <Sa^ 12.) 
 Substitute flaufmann for 33acfer, metne <Sd)mefter for bte $rau, and <3etbe for 
 93rob (Der tafmann tterfaufte meiner @A»efler iltc <3eibe) ; or, retaining these 
 changes, substitute biefer for ber, fd)icfen for serfaufen, and jeneS for ba$, thus 
 forming a wholly new sentence (Diefer tafmann fcf)tcfte meiner <Scf)tt>efter jene 
 <£etbe); &c. 
 
 For an additional number and variety of nouns, see Classified List, 
 pp. 271 - 295. 
 
64 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 fieltimt 11, 
 
 Lesson 11. 
 
 CONJUGATION OF VERBS. 
 
 Setfjiiele. 
 
 3dj fjafce baa ©udj gelefen, tt>eld)e8 <Sie 
 
 gefauft fyaben. 
 2Ber Ijat ben Srtef gefdjrte'ben ? 
 Der Gutter tyat 2Bet$en gcfauft unb 3Re# 
 
 tterfauft. 
 Die Uf)r fcat ekn ge$n gefdjlagen. 
 Sr I)at iifcr flopfiuefi geflagt. 
 2Ber fang ba3 Ijiibfdje Sieb ? 
 $art l)at ein Ijubfd)e<3 Steb gefungen ; er 
 
 ftngt giemlid) gut. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 I have read the book (the book read) 
 that you have bought (bought have). 
 
 Who has written the letter ? 
 
 The miller has bought wheat, and 
 sold flour. 
 
 The clock has just struck ten. 
 
 He has complained of headache. 
 
 Who sang the pretty song ? 
 
 Charles has sung a pretty song ; he 
 sings pretty well. 
 
 2Bi)rtcrt):rjeirfjmfj. 
 
 $er ©anfter, -3, the banker. 
 
 Der 33iirftenmad)er, -3, brush-maker. 
 
 Der geberttnfd), -e$, feather-wisp. 
 
 Der £aben, -3, the shop. 
 
 Der (Sd)erenfd)Ietfer, -3, scissors-grinder. 
 
 $te Siirfle, - the brush. 
 
 Die £aarfeurjte, - hair-brush. 
 
 Die £utbur(te, -, hat-brush. 
 
 Die JHeiberbiirjte, - clothes-brush. 
 
 Die fftagelbiirfte, - nail-brush. 
 
 Die Bafynbitrfte, - tooth-brush. 
 
 $tt$ £afd)enmeffer, -3, pocket-knife. 
 
 5tud), also. 
 
 Sauen, to build. 
 
 33ttten, to pray (frttre, please). 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Denfen, to think, fc = th ; c = i. 
 
 fttnben, to find. 
 
 Ibjtbar, precious, costly. 
 
 $ranf, sick. 
 
 fStuftn, to call. 
 
 9tufrig, vigorous. 
 
 <3d)arf, sharp, fdj 
 
 <3d)tafen, to sleep. 
 
 <5d)tetfen, to grind. 
 
 <3pred)en, to speak. 
 
 ©tunrpf, dull. 
 
 Srtnfen, to drink. 
 
 Unru'fotg, unquiet. 
 
 SBerle'gen, to mislay. 
 
 ©erlte'ren, to lose. tC = o ; r 
 
 i/a**tX-* 
 
 = sh; f = p. 
 Mj = s ; f = p. 
 
 t = d. 
 
 $ret unb jtoanjigfle ^ufgafie. 
 
 L £)a$ franfe $inb fd)(tef (4.) fdjr unrutyg. 2. 23te langc 
 $at e$ geftfcfafen (5.) ? 3. gs |at md)t fe()r fange gefd>lafen. 
 4. £afcen ©ie 3t)r netted £afd)enmeffer gefunfcen ? 5. 3$ t)a^c 
 c3 nid)t gefungen, bernt idj fyatte e3 nidjt ijedorcn. 6. 2)er @d)u- 
 
CONJUGATION OF VERBS. 65 
 
 ler fanb tfrot foftbaren S^ing, metd)en jener 33antier tterloren 
 fyatte. 7. 23itte, geben <5ic mix 3§« 33ur(fe ! 8. £ier ift meine 
 $le iberoiirfte ; meine iputbiirfte fann idj 3t)tten nt$t geben, benn 
 id> t)a6e fie »evlegt. 9. ©ie §akm mir gu ttiet ©elb gegebcn. 
 10. -SBir fyaben fyenre feinen ^affee getrunfen. 11. Der aire 
 <2d)erenfd)leifer t)at bad ftumpfe 9flej[er gefc^Itffen ; er fjat ees feljr 
 fdjaxf gemadjr. 12. Der junge, ritfttge 9ft ii (ler bat ben gnren 
 SSctjen gemablen nnb bad 5RefyI tterfanft. 13. Der jnnge 3\m* 
 mermann l)at ein fd)ime3 neued $au$ gebanr. 14. 2Go ^abcn 
 <5ie 3t)ren nenen getermifd) gefauft? 15. 3d) tjafce i$n (2. 2.) 
 in bem £aben jcned 23urftenmad)evd gefauft, mo id) aud) meine 
 £aarbiirjte, meine 3 a i)»biirfte nnb meine 9?agetburfte faufte. 
 16. £aben ©ie ben Sfyee ofyne 3"^* getrunlen ? 17. 3a, id) 
 trinfe ifjn immer ofyne gudtx nnb obne 9ttild). 18. 6r fyat inel 
 gelefen, aber menig gebad)t (8.). 19. Gr fannte ben Ir^t nidjr, 
 aber er mngre (8.), mo er mofynte. 20. $ahzn <5ie tterfranben, 
 mad ©ie get)brt fyaben ? 21. SJMr fyaben e£ mftanbem 22. @r 
 rief und, aber mtr gingen (8.) nid)t jn U)m. 
 
 Exercise 24. 
 
 1. Here is the new book that I have read (8. 6.) ; have you 
 read (8. 5.) it 1 2. I have seen it, but I have not read it. 
 3. Have you written (5.) a long letter? 4. Here is the letter 
 that I have written ; it is very short. 5. I have heard the 
 pretty song, which the little child has sung (5.). 6. Where is 
 your new brush 1 7. I cannot find it ; I have mislaid it. 
 8. The miller has bought wheat and sold flour. 9. The 
 merchant has lost his new ring. 10. Have you lost your new 
 knife? 11. No, but I have found this new knife. 12. I have 
 drunk my coffee ; have you drunk your tea 1 ? 13. The young 
 scissors-grinder has ground my old knife. 14. The old miller 
 has bought wheat and ground it. 15. The miller grinds the 
 wheat; the scissors-grinder grinds the knife. 16. The old 
 carpenter has built my new house. 17. The house that he has 
 built is for the merchant. 18. They called (8.) me your friend. 
 5 
 
6$ 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 19. What have you done (8.) to-day 1 ? 20. I have read and 
 written. 21. We read with great pleasure the book which you 
 gave us. 22. The fire did not burn (8.) very well (1. 3.). 
 
 ©rommttttf^e§. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. There are two Forms of Conjugation, the Old and the 
 flew. Verbs of the Old Form are usually called, except by 
 German authors, Irregular; and those of the New, Regular. 
 Only verbs of the New Form (10. 1.), as being much the more 
 numerous and simple, are conjugated in the preceding lessons. 
 
 2. The following twenty verbs of the Old Conjugation form 
 
 their present tense like those of the New : 
 
 bewe'gen, 
 
 fommen, 
 
 fallen, 
 
 fdmaubett, 
 
 fatten, 
 
 mafyfen, 
 
 faugcn, 
 
 fcfyrauben, 
 
 gene'fen, 
 
 melfen, 
 
 Waffcn. 
 
 fcfyroten, 
 
 fyauen, 
 
 pflegen, 
 
 fcfyaflen, 
 
 fpaltett, 
 
 fyeben, 
 
 rufen, 
 
 fdjeren, 
 
 tueben. 
 
 3. Other verbs of the Old Form, having the root vowel 0, 0, 
 or ait, differ from those of the New in the second and third 
 persons singular, by taking the umlaut ; and those having the 
 root-vowel c change it to t, except in befefy'fen, empfelj'len, 
 gefd)e'l)en, tefen, fefyen, ftefylen, which change c to it. 
 
 id) fd)fafe, I sleep. 
 t»U fdjlafjl, thou sleepest. 
 er fd)ltift, he sleeps. 
 toix fcfylafett, we sleep, 
 ifyr fcfolaft, you sleep, 
 fie fdjlafett, they sleep. 
 
 Present Tense. 
 
 id) ejfe, I eat. ltd) febe, I see. 
 t>u tjfeft, thou eatest.jbu ftebft, thou seest. 
 
 er iffet (t£r), he eats, 
 rotr effcn, we eat. 
 
 ty* e £rt/ y° u eat - 
 
 fie effen, they eat. 
 
 er ftefyt, he sees. 
 mv fefyett, we see. 
 Ujr fefyt, you see. 
 fie feljen, they see. 
 
 4. In the Imperfect Tense the Old Form changes the root 
 vowel, and in the first and third persons singular takes no 
 
CONJUGATION OF VERBS. 
 
 67 
 
 personal-endings ; in the other persons, it takes those of the 
 Present Tense. 
 
 5. In the Old Conjugation the Perfect Participle has the 
 form of the Infinitive, except that in most verbs the root vowel 
 is changed j in the New Conjugation the Perfect Participle is 
 formed by suffixing t (or et) to the root (8. 3.) ; both Forms 
 take the augment gc before accented syllables only. 
 
 6. Old and New Conjugations compared. 
 
 Old Conjugation. 
 
 New Conji 
 
 igation. 
 
 fallen, to fall. 
 
 ©ekn, to give. 
 
 fatten, to sound. 
 
 fielien, to live 
 
 
 Presen 
 
 Tense. 
 
 
 i$ fatt*e, 
 
 tdj gefc=e, 
 
 id) fyat^e, 
 
 id) leb*e, 
 
 bu fafcfc 
 
 bit gib-ft, 
 
 bu J)all-fr, 
 
 bu leb-jr, 
 
 er falK 
 
 er gtta, 
 
 er t>aU-t, 
 
 er leb^r, 
 
 mx fatten, 
 
 tinr geb=en, 
 
 tmr tyaft^eu, 
 
 our leb^eu, 
 
 i%x falH 
 
 i|r geb-r, 
 
 \i)x tyatK 
 
 if)r Ub4, 
 
 fie fatten. 
 
 fte gcb^eru 
 
 fte fyatl^eu. 
 
 fte leB^eu* 
 
 
 Imperfei 
 
 rf Tense. 
 
 
 id) pel, 
 
 id) gab, 
 
 id) fjatMe, 
 
 id) TeUe, 
 
 bu ftel-ft, 
 
 bu gab*ft, 
 
 bu I)all4eft, 
 
 bu leb-teft, 
 
 er fiel, 
 
 er gab, 
 
 er fyatt^te, 
 
 er leb4e, 
 
 totr ftct^en, 
 
 nnr gab=en, 
 
 ir>ir fyalHeu, 
 
 tmr feb4en, 
 
 tfyr ftef-t, 
 
 it)r fjaM, 
 
 ifyr batUtet, 
 
 tfyr leb-tet, 
 
 fte ftel^en. 
 
 fte gcuVeu. 
 
 fte IjaMm. 
 
 fte leb^ten. 
 
 7. By the aid of rules and examples already given, the 
 learner can form the imperfect tense and perfect participle of 
 the New Conjugation from the infinitive. For the imperfect 
 tense and perfect participle of verbs of the Old Form, see Lists 
 L. 30 &c, and pp. 262-271. The following are a few of the verbs 
 of the Old Form : 
 
68 
 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 
 Present Infinitive. 
 
 Imperfect Tense. 
 
 Perfect Participle. 
 
 23red)en, 
 
 break ; 
 
 brad), broke ; 
 
 gebrod)en, broken. 
 
 $tnbett, 
 
 find ; 
 
 fanb, found ; 
 
 gefunben, found. 
 
 Sefert, 
 
 read ; 
 
 la$, read ; 
 
 gelefett, read. 
 
 Sflufen, 
 
 call j 
 
 rief, called ; 
 
 gerufert, called. 
 
 <Sd)tagen, 
 
 beat ; 
 
 fd)htg, beat ; 
 
 gefc^Iagen, beaten. 
 
 <5d)reibert, 
 
 write ; 
 
 fd)deb, wrote ; 
 
 gefcfyriebert, written. 
 
 SBerlierert, 
 
 lose ; 
 
 serf or, lost; 
 
 tterloren, lost. 
 
 3encr SOTann bort fd)Tug fein $ferb ; e$ ftet 
 
 unb brad) eirt Setn. 
 'Diefer $nak f>at feme Slufgabe febr fd)5n 
 
 gefd)rieben. 
 £aben <5k 3f)ren Sletftift serloren ? 
 3a, aber id) fanb tljtt fyeute SWorgen 
 
 ttneber. 
 2)a3 9ftabd)en, rcelcbeS <Sie foeben frier* 
 
 ber rtefen, lieft fel)r gut. 
 
 That man yonder beat his horse ; 
 it fell and broke a leg. 
 
 This boy has written his exercise 
 very beautifully. 
 
 Have you lost your pencil ? 
 
 Yes, but I found it again this morn- 
 ing. 
 
 The girl whom you just called here 
 reads very well. 
 
 8. Irregular or anomalous verbs are those which vary in 
 conjugation from both the Old Form and the New ; they are 
 twenty-two in number : 
 
 Present Infinitive. 
 
 Imperfect Tense. 
 
 Perfect Participle. 
 
 SBringen, 
 
 , bring ; 
 
 brad)te, brought; 
 
 gebradjt, brought. 
 
 ©d)en, 
 
 go; 
 
 ging, went ; 
 
 gegangen, gone. 
 
 Bennett, 
 
 know ; 
 
 fannte, knew; 
 
 gefartnt, known. 
 
 Gormen, 
 
 be able (can) ; 
 
 fortrtte, was able ; 
 
 geformr, been able. 
 
 9ttiiJTen, 
 
 be obliged 
 
 mugte, was 
 
 gemugt, been 
 
 
 (must) ; 
 
 obliged ; 
 
 obliged. 
 
 ©tdjett, 
 
 stand ; 
 
 ftcmb, stood ; 
 
 geftcmbett, stood. 
 
 Sbrnt, 
 
 did; 
 
 tbar, did ; 
 
 getbem, done. 
 
 Stiffen, 
 
 know; 
 
 iuugte, knew ; 
 
 gettm^t, known. 
 
 £>aben <Ste 3$rer Xante bte Utyr ge= 
 
 brad)t ? 
 Stein, id) fonnte nidjt $a ifjr geljen ; id) 
 
 tnu£te jit £>anfe Meifcen. 
 3d) ftanb am $enfrer, ate mein ^rennb 
 
 soritber (ring. 
 3d) bibe i$n ntd)t gefannt. 
 
 Have you brought your aunt the 
 
 watch ? 
 No, I could not go to her ; I was 
 
 obliged to stay at home. 
 I stood at the window when my 
 
 friend passed by. 
 I have not known him. 
 
DATIVE WITH PREPOSITIONS AND ADJECTIVES. 
 
 69 
 
 Mtion 12. 
 
 Lesson 12. 
 
 DATIVE WITH PREPOSITIONS AND ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Scifjiiele. 
 
 3$ ttofme gent auf bem Cattbe. 
 ©e&en er unb fie fyettte mit Sfynett ttadj 
 
 ber (Stabt $u bem Sefyrer? 
 9tan, id) gel)e allein gu ifym. 
 Die gro£e, neue $irtf)e fleljt unferem 
 
 £aufe gegenit'ber. 
 Der £ut gefatlt' ifym nidjt. 
 (£r ttofmt bet feinem better, 
 ©ie gefyt ju tt)rer £cmte. 
 (£in junger ftretmb »on Sfynen {ft jefct 
 
 bet utt£. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 I like to live in the country. 
 
 Are he and she going with you to 
 the city to the teacher to-day ? 
 
 No, I go alone to him. 
 
 The large, new church stands oppo- 
 site our house. 
 
 The hat does not suit (or please) him. 
 
 He lives at his cousin's. 
 
 She is going to her aunt's. 
 
 A young friend of yours is now at 
 our house. 
 
 $er Strbeiter, - 3, workman. 
 
 Der 33ud)l)&nblcr, -3, bookseller. 
 
 Der jtorper, -3, body. 
 
 Der 2Wittctg,-3, noon ; midday. t = d. 
 
 Der 9kd)tmttag, -3, afternoon. 
 
 Der 9>alaft% -cd, palace. 
 
 Der £ob, -e$ # death, t = d; ft = th. 
 
 Der 23ormittag, -3, forenoon. 
 
 Der 2Mf, -e3, wolf. 
 
 $te Arbeit, -, work. 
 
 Die $ird)e, - church. f=ch; t=u. 
 
 Die SSftufte, - leisure. 
 
 Die 9kd)t, - night, a = i ; d) = gh. 
 
 Die 9?ube, -, rest ; repose. 
 
 Die <3eele, - soul, ce = ou. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Die ©djule, - school, u = oo. 
 Die ©tabt, - city. 
 Danfbar, thankful. 
 Dcmfen, to thank, fc = th. 
 (£ben, even. ft = V. just, adv. 
 (Sinan'ber, one another, each other. 
 (Erquic'fettb, refreshing, quickening. 
 $otglid), consequently, 
 ©cgenit'ber, opposite (over against). 
 ®ihtftig, favorable. 
 $ommett, to come. 
 fftatfjtjjeilig, hurtful. 
 ©eit, since, 
 ©teftett, to stand. 
 Uttttnflfommen, unwelcome. 
 
 JJiinf unb jftmnjtgfie Wufgofic. 
 
 1. 3« *>lel 9ftuge tft bem forger unb and) bcr @eele nadj* 
 tfjetttg (9.). 2. (Sic lamcn efcen auf bcr ©dwle. 3. Der ©filler 
 cje^t mit fctnem greunbe nad) ber ®tabt gu fetner Zantt (7.). 
 4. (£r mot)nt feit bem £obe feined $aterg hn fetner £ante. 
 
70 LESSON 12. 
 
 5. <Sagen Bit (9. 3.).mtr, mas benfen Bit son i()tten ? 6. 3$ 
 benfe, tag fie fetyr fleijug fmb (8. 6.).^ 7. Der 5tegen ift bent 
 .ftmbe fefyr unmtlifbmmen. 8. $Rufte nad) ber Arbeit ift bemJKr*" 
 better crquicfcnb unb folgltdj angcnefym. 9, £>a$ ^Better ift rtnten 
 bcnte fefyr gihtjtig. 10. 2Bie war geftern bas SSetter ? 11; Der 
 Bergen mar fitljl, ber Sftittag mar fyei§, ber 2Ibenb mar marm. 
 12. Der $ormtttag mar angenebm ; ber 9tad)mittag v mar unan* 
 genefym. 13. £)ie ^irdje unb ber $alaft ftetyen etnattber gegen* 
 itber. 14. £)a$ ^Better mar nad) bent 9tegen fet)r !alt. 15. 2)er 
 : SBolf fomnyt mber 9?ad)t attS bent SBalbe. 16. T)tt ©cbitler fanft 
 ein 23ud) fret bem 33ttd)f)anbter (7.). 17. SBann gefyen Bit nad) 
 £aufe? 18. 2Bir fmb fcfyon au £aufe. 19. Son mem fprecfyen 
 <Sie ? 20. 2Btr fprecfyen ttoit bem Scaler ; er ift etn grennb yon 
 im* (7.). 21. 3$ fcfc fefcr gern (6. 5.). 22. SBarum tieft ber 
 @d)iiler nid)t? 23. <Sr Heft ja (6. 5.), fjoren ©ie tl)n nic^t ? 
 24. 3ft e$ Sfyxi&n 311 marm (6. 5,)? 25. 9tein, mid) friert (eg friert 
 mid)). 26. 3d) banle 3f)nen (7/6.) (id) bin 3fmen banfbar). 
 
 Exercise 26. 
 
 1. Why are you not writing (6. 4.) 1 2. We are writing 
 (6. 5.). 3. Is the scholar at his uncle's (7.) % 4. Yes, he lives 
 at his uncle's. 5. Are you going to the city 1 6. No, I am 
 going to my brother's. 7. Have you the pen of the painter 1 
 8. We are speaking of the painter. 9. Is anybody reading 
 your book 1 10. There is my book ; nobody is reading it. 
 11. Are you going home*? 12. I am not going home; I am 
 going to the city to my aunt's. 13. Your cousin is now at 
 your house (7.). 14. Is the church opposite your house (4.)1 
 15. Yes, we live opposite the church. 16. The brother and 
 the sister love each other. 17. This weather is very disagree- 
 able to me (9.). 18. What were you buying at the book- 
 seller's] 19. I was buying a book fcr a child. 20. This man 
 is a neighbor of ours. 21. Tell me, what do you think of this 
 house] 22. Do you like (6. 5.) to read 1 ? 23. Yes, I am very 
 fond of reading. 24. Are you cold 1 25. No, I am not cold ; 
 I am very warm. 
 
DATIVE WITH PREPOSITIONS AND ADJECTIVES. 71 
 
 ©rammcttf^ci. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The following Prepositions govern the Dative only: 
 au§, Bet, tinmen, cntge'gen, gegenii Ber, gemafc', mii, ttadj, 
 ttadjft, iteBft, oB, fatnmt, fett, turn, $u, jutoiber. 
 
 2. The Preposition is not used in German, where it may be 
 omitted in English : 
 
 3d) fd)tcte tern Setter ba$ 23ud). I send the teacher the book. 
 
 £ter ift em Stpfcl fttr ba<3 ft'tnb. Here is an apple /or the child. 
 
 3. When of denotes a general relation, instead of posses- 
 sion, it is usually expressed in German by a corresponding 
 preposition : 
 
 3d) fyred)e tlOtt bem ©ctrrner. I am speaking of the gardener. 
 
 Sr ifl jtolj ttllf fetnett ©ruber. He is proud of his brother. 
 
 4. The Prepositions etttgegen, gegettitBer, gemtift, and jutotber 
 
 usually, and ttadj sometimes, are preceded by the Dative : 
 
 2Btr footmen bem 5D?ufe'um gegenii&er. We live opposite the museum. 
 
 5. 9lad) is used to denote motion to & place; jit, to & person: 
 
 (£r eilte Had) Socmen. He hastened to Bohemia. 
 
 2Bir gtngen jU bem Sonful. We went to the consul. 
 
 6. -SRacf) §Mtfc signifies home, used adverbially ; jtt §(tttfe, 
 a£ Aorae ; bott JU §ltttfc, /row Aome : 
 
 3d) fd)reibe nac^ £aufe; fte gefyen nadj I am writing home ; they are going 
 
 #llUfe. home. 
 
 @r iji ekn Hon JU $ttltfe gefommen. He has just come from home. 
 
 7. The Prepositions Bet, DOtt, and ju are often equivalent to 
 at, from, of, and to, with the English Possessive : 
 
 1)Ct Sftocf tft bet bem Sdmeiber. The coat is at the tailor's (shop). 
 
 Sr rooljnt 6et bem ©dmeiber. He lives at the tailor's (house). 
 
 Sie fam tlOtt it>rer Xante. She was coming from her aunt's. 
 
 28tr geften JU ifjnen. We are going to their house (to them). 
 
 (£r tft tin Setter bOtt mtr. He is a cousin of mine (of me). 
 
 ©te fmb 9?ad)krn Hon un«. They are neighbors of (us) ours. 
 
72 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 
 ^8. The meaning of a Preposition must often be learned 
 from its use in sentences, rather than by its definition in 
 vocabularies : 
 
 9ln, at, to, against, by, from, in, on. 
 
 gr ftyi an bem £tfd). 
 
 er gel)t an ben £tfd). 
 
 (£r Ic&nte fid) Utt bte 2Banb. 
 
 3d) erfann'te ibn on ber Sttmme. 
 
 Bit Icibet ttlt $opfme$. 
 
 3d) tfnte eg an feincr (Start. 
 
 Scrim' Regt on ber "Spree. 
 
 By, nn, ne&en, ii&er, tourdj, mit, 
 
 He stood % the door. 
 
 He sat fo/ me. 
 
 I went by (way of) Rotterdam. 
 
 He fell by the sword. 
 
 He took it by force. 
 
 It was by chance. 
 
 He is a nobleman by birth. 
 
 By night. 
 
 By wholesale. 
 
 By the favor of heaven. 
 
 Older by ten years. 
 
 Richer by far. 
 
 It is five by my watch. 
 
 I must have the boots (at latest) by 
 four o'clock. 
 
 I can finish the work by to-morrow 
 evening. 
 
 We shall be there by day after to- 
 morrow morning. 
 
 He is sitting at the table. 
 
 He is going to the table. 
 
 He leaned (himself) against the wall. 
 
 I recognized him by his (the) voice. 
 
 She suffers from headache. 
 
 I do it in his stead. 
 
 Berlin lies on the Spree. 
 
 Don, 6ei, in, miter, urn, nndj, u. 
 
 (Er ftanb tttt bem £f)ore. 
 
 <£r fag ne&en mir. 
 
 3$ gtng lifter 0?o«erbam'. 
 
 <£r pel fcurd)8 (burd) bag) <Sd)tx>ert. 
 
 6r nafjm eg mit ©ett>alt\ 
 
 eg roar burn) Bufatt. 
 
 er tit em ebelmann Hon ©eburt'. 
 
 83ei ber 9?ad)t. 
 
 3m (in bem) ©rcgen. 
 
 Utttcr SBegun'fttgung beg £tmmelg. 
 
 Um gebn 3al)re alter. 
 
 lint SSteleg reiser. 
 
 9ittd) metner Ubr tft eg fitnf. 
 
 3d) m«f bte <Sttefel fpdtejteng nm ster 
 
 Ubr baben. 
 3d) fann bte Slrbeit big morgen 9lbenb 
 
 »ollenben. 
 Sir roerben big itbermorgen frit!) ba 
 
 fein. 
 
 9. The Dative governed 
 them : 
 
 eg tjt mir unbegreifltd). 
 eg tjt mir m fd)tt>er. 
 eg tft mir warm (6. 5 .), 
 er tft mir befjitlflid). 
 eg iji mir lie*. 
 
 by Adjectives usually precedes 
 
 It is incomprehensible to me. 
 
 It is too difficult to me. 
 
 I am warm (it is warm to me). 
 
 He is helpful to me. 
 
 I am very glad of it. 
 
IDIOMS. 
 
 
 fieWfott 13. 
 
 SBeifJucfe. 
 
 Lesson 13. 
 
 IDIOMS. 
 
 3% foiele ntdjt, audj fingc id) nid)t. 
 
 (£3 fyat gar ntdjt gercpct. 
 
 Stout cr e£ ubcrljaitjit tf)ut, tljut cr e« 
 
 gtcid). 
 £err Martin ift ein 9Tr& ntdjt foaljr ? 
 (£r fpridjt toic cm SBetfer. 
 $eitcn <Sie gem ? 
 SBic flcfttttt 3$n«t btefeS 9>ferb ? 
 Ste ^eftnben <3te fid), mem £err ? 
 
 Examples. 
 
 I do not play, neither do I sing. 
 
 It has not rained at all. 
 
 If he does it at all, he will do it 
 
 immediately (10. 3.). 
 Mr. Martin is a physician, is he not ? 
 He speaks like a sage. [riding) ? 
 Do you like to ride (are you fond of 
 How do you like this horse % 
 How do you do (how are you), sir ? 
 
 SSorterocrjcttfntife. 
 
 $er Ginfteblcr, -3, hermit. 
 
 £er $einb, -c3, enemy (fiend. et = ie). 
 
 Der ttmf en, -3, cake. u = a; dj=k. 
 
 !£cr3Rontag,-S, Monday. t=d; = y. 
 
 2)cr §)rofcffor, -8, professor. 
 
 £cr Sfjor, -en, fool. 
 
 Xcr Sfctrtrag, -3, discourse. 
 
 £)er SBinter, -8, winter. 
 
 $tc ^tutftanblnng, -, bookstore. 
 
 Tic 2Bod)e, -, week, o = ee ; dj = k. 
 
 3Dtt£ SEBBrterbttdj, -do, dictionary. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 33crmt'tt>ortcn, to answer. 
 (Eflcn, to eat. c = ea ; ff 
 
 t. 
 
 ©cben, to gi^ 
 
 c = i; 6 
 
 £anbeln, to act (handle). 
 
 £efttg, violent. 
 
 Be|t, last. 
 
 9ftobem', modern, fashionable. 
 
 9iepen, to rain. 
 
 (Soil, shall. 
 
 Uiidtfig, capable. 
 
 23ortg, past, former. 
 
 Stefan unb jtoaujtgftc ^ufguBe. 
 
 1. (5r ift nid)t mein greunt, aud) (1.) tjt ev ntd)t meitt o^tnb. 
 2. 2Bie gefattt (8.) 3&nen btefer mofcerne SBagen ? 3. (Sr gefattt 
 mix gar (2.) nid)t ; er (2. 2.) ift 3U ()od). 4. SBte gefaflt 3(mcn 
 3frr neuer 9fad)bar? 5. 3d) t)abe ifyn nod) (C.) nid)t fennen 
 geternt (6. 5,). 6. 2Cte foil id) t>iefen 23rief oeantrcorten? 7. 
 33eantmortcn ©te tl)tt (2. 2.) ganj nad) 3l)fem Selteben (6. 5.). 
 8. 9M)t mahr (3.), eg l)at geftern geregnet? 9. 3?em, e3 bat 
 ganj unt> gar (2.) nid)t geregnet. 10. £at eS iioerhaupt (2.) tit 
 biefc* SGodje geregnet? 11. 3<*/ lejjren 9Jtontag (G. 3.) regncte 
 
74 LESSON 13. 
 
 eS (8. 4.) feljr $eftt0. 12. £iefer £err ift ^rofeffor ^elmfcolj ; 
 er ift ein tiidjtiger Scorer, nicfyt foat)r(3,)? 13 + £afcen <Sie fetnen 
 le^ten 93ortrag sorigen ©inter (6. 3.) gefcort? 14. 3a, er (2. 2.) 
 geftel (8.) mir fefyr gut. 15. ©uten SWonjen, mein graulein, wie 
 befmben ©ie ftd) ? 16. £>anfe (4.), id) bcfinbe mid) fefyr n>ofy(. 
 17. 33ttte (4.), geben ©ie mir t>ie Gutter! 18. (Er fpridjt, ft>ie (5.) 
 ein fluger 9)iann, nnt> (janbelt, nne ein £()or. 19. (Effen ©ie gern 
 (7.) $n$en ? 20. 9iein, id) madjt mir 9W$t3 t>arau$ (6. 5.). 
 
 Exercise 28. 
 
 1. Where did you become acquainted (6. 5.) with Mr. Lieb- 
 treu ? 2. I became acquainted with him in Giessen. 3. How 
 do you like (8.) him ? 4. I like (9.) him very well ; he is 
 a very agreeable man. 5. That gentleman is Professor Werner, 
 is n't it (3) ? 6. Yes, it is Professor Werner ; he is a very 
 agreeable teacher. 7. Did you hear his discourse last Monday? 
 8. Do you like (7.) teal 9. No, sir, I do not care (6. 5.) for 
 it. 10. Was it very cold last week? 11. No, it was not at 
 all (2.) cold last week. 12. Mr. Schindler is not my cousin, 
 neither (1.) is he my nephew ; he is my uncle. 13. Have you 
 not yet (6.) visited the mason? 14. No, I shall not visit him 
 at all, I do not like him (9). 15. When do you go to the city? 
 16. I go day after to-morrow. 17. I bought yesterday Campe's 
 dictionary in Hammacher's bookstore in Frankfort. 18. Did 
 you not buy anything else (6.) ? 19. No, I had not money 
 enough. 20. He lives like (5.) a hermit. 
 
 ©rammattfdjeg. Grammatical. 
 
 1. 9(ltffj with words implying negation may be rendered 
 neither, nor, not either : 
 
 dv fmgt nicfyt, td) audj md)t. He does not sing, neither (nor) do I. 
 
 2. dTdr, or gaitj imb gar, before words implying nega- 
 tion, is equivalent to at all after a negation. UclJPrfjaunt 
 
IDIOMS. 75 
 
 after a conditional word often answers to at all in like posi- 
 tion : 
 
 (£3 tjr gar ttidjt fitter. It is not at all difficult. 
 
 SBenn er itkrfyaupt gel)t, ge-f)t er rjeute. If he goes at all, he will go to-day. 
 
 3. 9itlf)t Umfjr, or tudjt (like it est ce pas), is the equivalent 
 of many forms of interrogation after an assertion. Sometimes 
 !titf)t tottljr precedes the assertion : 
 
 (E3 ift fait, "I It is cold, is n't it ? 
 
 (£3 ift ntd)t fait, I ? It is not cold, is it ? 
 
 @ie tt>irb fommen, f 9 - * She will come, will she not ? 
 
 <3ie [tub ntd)t alt, J You are not old, are you ? 
 
 <Ste fennen tfm, ntd)t ? "\ v , , . , , , 
 . . . ., _ ? You know him, don t 
 
 9?tdjt roat)r, <Sie fennen 
 
 if;n ?/ 
 
 you 
 
 4. In German, as in English, there is a frequent use of ellip- 
 tical expressions : 
 
 23ttte, meat £crr, fonnen Bit mtr ntd)t Pray, sir, oan you (not) tell me 
 
 fagen, rotestel B$r e$ ift ? what time it is ? 
 
 9?ef)men <3ie nccf> eine 33irne ! Take another pear ! 
 
 &anfe (id) banfe 3$Wtt).   Thank (I thank) you. 
 
 @uten 5Worgen, guten Sloenb, glitcfttdje Good morning, good evening, a 
 
 9tetfe! (3d) roitttfd)e 3ynen einen pleasant journey ! (I wish you 
 
 guten $7orgen, ic.) a good morning, &c.) 
 
 After an assertion a subject is often used elliptically, where in English 
 the main verb is represented by an auxiliary : 
 
 (£r ftngt, tdraudj. He sings, so do I (I too). 
 
 <&k gef)en, td) ntd)t. They are going, I (am) not. 
 
 3cr> fenne u)n, @ie ntcfyt ? I know him, (do) not you ? 
 
 (£r benft ntcr)t, rote id). He does not think as I (do). 
 
 5. 29Bte, before a nominative, often answers to like, before 
 an objective : 
 
 (Sr fyanbelt, rote em SBaljnjmmger (Itan* He acts like a lunatic (as a lunatic 
 
 belt). acts). 
 
 Dogletdj er retd) tjt, leot er bod), rote etn Although he is rich, yet he lives 
 
 SBettler (teot). like a beggar (as a beggar lives). 
 
 6. JiRod), yet, still, and fflttfi, else, with words implying nega- 
 tion, precede them : 
 
76 LESSON 13. 
 
 (Er i\t nodj md)t gefommcn. He has not yet (yet not) come. 
 
 23r ait d)en <3ie fonft 9?td)t$ ? Do you need nothing else ? 
 
 —7. ©Cm, gladly, fain, with an appropriate verb, is often the 
 equivalent of to like, to be fond of: 
 
 gr trtnft gem tfaffee. He likes (is fond of) (drinks gladly) coffee. 
 
 (Effen ©ic gem £>ontg ? Do you like (eat gladly) honey « 
 
 ©tngen @ic gem ? Do you like to sing (do you sing gladly) ? 
 
 (£r rcitet gent. He likes to ride on horseback. 
 
 (£r if* gent diem. He likes to be alone. 
 
 ^8. ($cfaffctt, to please, suit, having for its subject the word 
 answering to the object of like, and the object of like being 
 rendered by the German equivalent in the dative, also often 
 answers to like : 
 
 £>iefe$ $ferb gefaflt mtr. I like this horse (this horse suits me). 
 
 Xicfc IHu- gcfdllt mtr fet)r. 1 like this watch very much. 
 
 2)iefer Sting gefdllt mtr feeffcr, aid jener. « I like this ring better than that. 
 
 9. The verb ictbcit (endure), with an auxiliary, is often used 
 in the sense of to like : 
 
 3d> fann tlm ntd)t letben. I do not like (cannot endure) him. 
 
 3d) mag it)n gut letben. I like (can endure) him very well. 
 
 10. Adjective words, also Adjectives used substantively, 
 often answer to those in English used adjectively with the 
 pronoun one: 
 
 Tie fed $ferb ift jung, jened tji alt. " This horse is young, that one is old. 
 
 3d) f)ak em junged 5>ferb, bu em alted. .. I have a young horse, you an old otic. 
 
 11. dStgcit (own) is often used to indicate possession, without 
 the possessive pronoun : 
 
 Sr t)at etn etgeneS 3)ferb. He has a horse of his own. 
 
 2Btr fjafcen fetn etgened ©e(b. We have no money of our own. 
 
 ■- 12. Gfclint, used impersonally, indicates existence in a gen- 
 eral and indefinite manner, and is rendered to be, the object in 
 German being the subject in English : 
 
 (£3 gtfrt feine IRofe oijne £)ornen. There is no rose without thorns. 
 
 Gd gtbt f erne rmlben $ferbe in 2)eittfd)Ianb. There are no wild horses in Germany. 
 2Bad gt&t e£ ? roarum laufen @te ? What is the matter ? why do you run ? 
 
DECLENSION OP THE DEFINITE ARTICLE. 
 
 77 
 
 Mtion 14. 
 
 Lesson 14. 
 
 DECLENSION OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE AND ^iefCt. PERFECT AND 
 PLUPERFECT OF Stilt. @Ctn, AS AUXILIARY. USE OF SBcrdCtl. 
 
 Present Tense of SBtffen, to know, and SBerben, to become. * 
 
 id) toeijj, 
 
 t>U ttJCijjt, 
 
 er »eif, 
 
 ttnr nujfen, 
 
 fte hriffen, 
 
 I know, 
 thou knowest. 
 he knows, 
 we know, 
 you know, 
 they know. 
 
 id) ruerbe, 
 bit rotrft, 
 er roirb, 
 mir Herbert, 
 t()r merbet, 
 fte ruerfcen, 
 
 I become, 
 thou becomest. 
 he becomes, 
 we become, 
 you become, 
 they become. 
 
 SBetfjuele. 
 
 QDiefcr SWann ffl <3d)nueb, icner ifl taf* 
 maim. 
 
 £er <StaW ifl fjart, baS ©let tjr ttetd). 
 (£3 ifl gar nid)t fait, ntdt>t roafyr ? 
 £>tefen Sttamt fyabe id) (8. 4.) oft gefefyen, 
 
 jenert ntd)t. 
 £>er $ud)3 tjt bem |umbe entfommen. 
 2)a3 @i3 roirb jit 2Baffer, md)t ttafyr ? 
 3m ©egcntfjeil, ba3 2Baffer ttirb jit 
 
 ©*. 
 
 SBortcrtierjetdjmj?. 
 
 $er ©rief, -e3, letter. 
 
 £)er gtigfmr, -e$, felt-hat. i-ej j=fc 
 
 £>er 9J?i't§tggang, -3, idleness. 
 
 Tcr <2rroI)l)ut, -e§, straw -hat. 
 
 2)er Ferrari)', -$, treason. 
 
 2)er ferret 'tfyer, -$, traitor. 
 
 $te $eber, -, pen ; feather, ft = th. 
 
 X>ie Unmafugfeit, -, intemperance. 
 
 2>Qg 2Mcr, -ed, beer, tc = ee. 
 
 Xao ©etran'fe, h5, drink. 
 
 £)a3 <Sd)reifcl)eft, -e3, writing-book. 
 
 23cfon'ber$, particularly, especially. 
 
 ©eifitg, spirituous. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 This man is (a) smith, that one is 
 (a) merchant. 
 
 Steel is hard, lead is soft. 
 
 It is not at all cold, is it ? 
 
 This man I have often seen, that 
 one (I have) not. 
 
 The fox has (is) escaped from the dog. 
 
 The ice is turning to water, is n't it ? 
 
 On the contrary, the water is turn- 
 ing to ice. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 £affen, to hate, ff = t. 
 3m ®egenrf)etl, on the contrary. 
 3rgenb em, -e, any. 
 20?and)er, -e, -e3, many a. 
 5D?a§tg, temperate. 
 9Md)ften3, soon (next). 
 ^eu(td), recently (newly). 
 <3d)ttrierig, difficult. 
 (Std)erltd), certainly. 
 2Sa3 fiir, what kind of, what. 
 SBeffett, whose. 
 28iffen, to know. 
 3tt>ar, indeed, it is time. 
 
78 LESSON 14. 
 
 dltnn uttb jtoanjtgfie ftufgalie. 
 
 1. SD?iifnggang unb Unmagigfeit ftnb nid)t nur bem $6rper 
 (12. 9.), fonbern audj ber ©eele nacfetfyeitig. 2. 2Ga$ fur einen 
 iput fyaben ©ie gefauft ? 3. 3d) ^abe einen ©trcl)t)ut unt> einen 
 gitjfyut gefauft. 4. SBem ge^ort jeneS ©d)mM)eft ? 5. @3 ge= 
 fyort biefem ©d)itler. 6. 5QZtt weld)er 5eber fd)retbt ber ©cfyiiler 
 feinen 23rief? 7. Sr fd)reibt iljn mit biefer. 8. DaS %aub be3 
 SBalbeS ttnrb fcbon gelb. 9. 9fland)er (13. 10.) liebt ben Serrate 
 aber j[eber tyagt ben $erratt)er. 10. $&a$ fyaben ©ie l)eute gefauft? 
 11. SBir fyaben gar 9ftd)t3 gefauft. 12. ©ie fyafon biefem 23ud) 
 gefauft, nidjt wafyr? 13. 3>r ©obn t>ei? Gutters l)at feinen 25ater 
 neulid) befud)t, nid)t toat)r ? 14. ©em ©ot)n fyat il)n pvav nod) 
 nid)t befud)t, aber er mirb ifyn nad)ften3 ficfterlidj befud)en. 15. 3ft 
 (4.) mein 33ruber nod) nid)t (13. 6.) l)ier gemefen ? 16. 50^ein 
 23ruber nnrb morgen nad) ber ©tabt gefyen, tdj nid)t. 17. SBiffen 
 ©ie, weffen 23ud) id) (efe? 18. ©ie fyaUn mein 23udj, nid)t n>at)r? 
 
 19. ©ie Ijabcn feine. befonbers fdntnerige Slufgabe, nid)t toafyr? 
 
 20. 9Mn, unfere 2lufgabe ift ganj unb gar ntd)t fd)»nerig, fonbern 
 im ©egentfyetf fefyr leidjt 21. iperr ©djmibt lebt fefyr majng ; er 
 tvtnft tv-eber 2Mer, nod) irgenb ein anbcre$ geiftigeS ©etranfc. 
 
 Exercise 30. 
 
 1. What kind of a hat has the boy bought 1 ? 2. He has 
 bought a straw-hat. 3. Which straw-hat has he bought 1 
 4. He has bought this one (13. 10.). 5. Why did he not buy 
 that one 1 6. That one is too large for him. 7. Are you writ- 
 ing with your pen or with your pencil % 8. I am writing with 
 the pencil of my brother. 9. You have lately visited your 
 brother, have you not? 10. I have not visited him at all 
 (13. 2.). 11. You are writing a letter, are you not? 12. You 
 have not my book, have you] 13. Idleness (2.) is injurious 
 not only to the body, but also to the soul. 14. Do you find 
 this exercise especially difficult ] 15. Nobody loves the traitor, 
 but many a one loves the treason. 16. I do not sing, neither 
 
DECLENSION OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE. 
 
 79 
 
 (13. 1.) does my brother. 17. The weather is getting (6.) 
 very warm, isn't it (13. 3.)] 18. The son of our neighbor 
 has (4.) been a year in the city, and his father never visited 
 him. 19. You like (13. 7.) cake, we do not. 20. I know this 
 painter, but I do not know where he lives ; do you know where 
 he lives'? 21. My friend, Mr. Buchner, never drinks any 
 spirituous drink. 
 
 vy 
 
 @rtttnmttttf^e§. 
 
 Gramm 
 
 atical. 
 
 1. Declension of the Definite Article and $tcfer. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Nevi. 
 
 Masc. Fern. 
 
 Neid. 
 
 Norn, ber, tie, ba#, the. 
 
 btefer, btefe, 
 
 btefer, this. 
 
 Gen. be3, ber, be£, of the. 
 
 btefeS, btefer, 
 
 btefea, of this. 
 
 Bat. bem, ber, bem, to the. 
 
 btefem, btefer, 
 
 btefem, to this. 
 
 Ace. ben, bie, bad, the. 
 
 btefen, btefe, 
 
 btefeS, this. 
 
 The other gender-ending words 
 
 (1. 2.) are declined like fckfer. 
 
 
 2. The Definite Article is used I with nouns taken in a 
 general sense, and 2 sometimes omitted in German, when used 
 in English ; 3 its use also, sometimes, answers to that of our 
 indefinite article ; and 4 where the meaning is obvious, it is 
 often used instead of a Possessive Pronoun. 
 
 £er ©taf)l tft elafttfd). 
 
 •Dad ©61b tft bebnbar. 
 
 £>er "Diamant' tft ntd)t be&mbar. 
 
 (£3 tft nicfyt ©ittc bet un3. 
 
 3eber spreufje ijl ©olbaf. 
 
 2Ber btr att ftreunb 9ttdjt3 rmfcen farm, 
 
 farm btr aid $etnb fct/abert. 
 SDir baben jwctmal fcie SEBocbc Unterrt^t 
 
 tm <5tna,en. 
 3d) fet)c tbn jwetmal fc^S Safyrt. 
 2)er X)rabt fofrct etnen @u(bfitbcrtJǤ. 
 Tad Wcty foftet gcBn Abater bag %a%. 
 <£r feblua, tbm auf &en 9lrm. 
 (£r bfltte ilCtt £ut auf fcem $opfe. 
 
 Steel is elastic. 
 
 (The) gold is ductile. 
 
 The diamond is not ductile. 
 
 It is not the custom with us. 
 
 Every Prussian is a soldier. 
 
 He who cannot serve you as a friend, 
 
 may injure you as an enemy. 
 We have instruction in singing twice 
 
 a week. 
 I see him twice a year. 
 The wire cost a florin a foot. 
 The flour costs ten dollars a barrel. 
 He struck him on (the) his arm. 
 He had his hat upon his head. 
 
80 
 
 ) 
 
 j 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 
 3. ©ein, to be. 
 
 Perfect Tense. 
 
 Pluperfect Tense. 
 
 idj bin 
 
 I have 
 
 
 td) mar 
 
 I had 
 
 bit oijt 
 
 thou hast 
 
 
 bit «>ar(t 
 
 thou hadst 
 
 CO 
 
 cr ift 
 nnr finb 
 
 % he has 
 "^ we have 
 
 r o 
 p 
 
 er mar 
 l»ir maren 
 
 5 he had 
 "^ we had 
 
 il)r fctb 
 
 you have 
 
 
 it)r mart 
 
 you had 
 
 |te jtnb J 
 
 they have^ 
 
 
 fte maren - 
 
 they had 
 
 Participles. 
 Present. Perfect. 
 
 feienb, being. 
 
 
 gemefen, been. 
 
 
 - 4. The verb fdtt is the auxiliary of many verbs, where, as in 
 the above conjugation, have is used in English : 
 
 (£r tfl nod) nicfyt gcfommcn. 
 35er 2ftonb ijl anfgegangen. 
 25ie (Sonne ijt untergegangen. 
 2)a$ iltnb ijt gefalkn. 
 
 He has (is) rot yet come. 
 The moon has (is) risen. 
 The sun has (is) gone down. 
 The child has (is) fallen. 
 
 5. The Perfect Participle of transitive verbs is used with 
 fctlt, to indicate that an action is completed ; and with ttJCrbcit, 
 to indicate that an action is in progress : 
 
 <5te fcraudjen nid)t gn roarten ; ber Srtef 
 
 ifi fd)on gefdjrtekn. 
 <5ie muffcn n>arten ; ber Srtef ttnrb ckn 
 
 gefdvrie&en. 
 2>a3 $au$ roar fd)on soflenbet. 
 2)a3 £au3 rourbe ekn yollenbet. 
 
 You do not need to wait ; the letter 
 
 is already written. 
 You must wait ; the letter is just 
 
 being written. 
 The house was already finished. 
 The house was just being finished. 
 
 6. SSBerbett, as an independent verb, has its nearest equiva- 
 lent in become, but is often best rendered get, grow, turn, be, or 
 by a word of similar meaning : 
 
 25a3 SBetter rotrb roarm. The weather is becoming warm. 
 
 £)te SRaupe rotrb jum <3d)metterltng. The caterpillar turns into a butterfly, 
 
 ©ie roerben rmeber gefunb. They are getting well again. 
 
 2)er fRabe rotrb feftr alt. The raven lives to a great age. 
 
DECLENSION OF THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE. 
 
 81 
 
 Scftion 15. 
 
 Lesson 15. 
 
 DECLENSION OF THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE, POSSESSIVE, INTER- 
 ROGATIVE, AND INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. CONJUNCTIONS. 
 
 
 ©etfjmle. 
 
 Wlan fagt mir, ba§ (Bit 3fyr fipneS, ivau 
 
 ge$ spferb »crIoren tyabetu 
 £er Slpfet ift von bent 23aume gefatten. 
 SBeffcn 33u<$ iff biefeS ? 
 2Bem geprt ber ^ingerfyut ? 
 2Ben fyaben ©te fyeute gefefyen ? 
 3$ fyak 9Ziemanben gefeJjetu 
 
 2BiJrtcrticr$etdjni§. 
 
 $er STrjt, -e$, physician. 
 
 Dtf (SJrad&itpfer, -3, grasshopper. 
 
 £>er ltdfe, -3, cheese. I =cn; tt = e( 
 
 2)cr tf urtuji, -c$, pumpkin. 
 
 $>er Dfjctot, -3, uncle. 
 
 Der Itckrrecf, -3, overcoat. 
 
 2)er SSer&rc'cfyer, -3, criminal. 
 
 £>er 2Betn, -3, wine, ci = i. 
 
 $te £)tencrin, - servant. 
 
 SMe (ihUuur'Mtng, - inflammation. 
 
 Die fflfar, - fly. g = — . p. 27. 
 
 £)ie ftwfftgfrit, - fluid. 
 
 £>ie ©rille, - cricket. 
 
 £>ie £euj\i)recfe, -, locust. 
 
 Tic I'ampc, - lamp. 
 
 Xk "We^uu'to, - mosquito. 
 
 3Mc 3)fcrbcf(icgc, - horsefly. 
 
 Die 8teitflicgc, - stinging fly. 
 
 T)te s ii3unbe, -, wound. 
 
 %a§ £ctmd)cn, -3, cricket. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 I am told that you have lost your 
 
 beautiful young horse. 
 The apple has fallen from the tree. 
 Whose book is this ? 
 To whom does the thimble belong ? 
 "Whom have you seen to-day ? 
 I have not seen anybody. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 2)a3 3nfeft', -e$, insect. 
 
 2)a3 ©efd)Ied)t', -e3, genus ; gender. 
 
 Slctjcnb, caustic. 
 
 9leu£erji, extremely. 
 
 33et, at, with. 
 
 SBeftfjen, to possess. 
 
 Sraucfyen, to need. 
 
 ©ewo&n'Itdj, usual, general. 
 
 SattoW, yes, indeed. 
 
 Zaftig, troublesome. -• 
 
 fRcigenb, irritating. 
 
 <Sogenannt, so-called. 
 
 <Sprtt3ett, to inject. 
 
 ©tec^en, to sting. 
 
 ©ucfyen, to look for, seek, u = ee. 
 
 23erfte'6en, to understand. 
 
 Skrur'facfyen, to cause. __ 
 
 SBafjrenb, while (conjunction). 
 
 SBirfen, to act, work, i = O. 
 
 3hpen, to chirp. 
 
 (Bin unb brciftigfte tofpfie. 
 
 1. $&t unferc £>iencrin etnen $afe geholt? 2. Sftetn, fie hat 
 etnen ffuifcifj getyott- 3. 9Ran (5.) toeig nicht, wo ber $crfcre#et 
 ift, aber man fndjt U)it. 4. ©ie haben $3ein, md)t toafy (13. 3.) ? 
 
 6 
 
82 LESSON 15. 
 
 5. 3a, ttnr fyaktn foetdjen (7.). 6. IMefer Ueberrod ift etrcad (7.) 
 3U Hein ; brmgen ©te mir jenen ! 7. £6ren ©ie gem (13. 7.) 
 bad 3i r P en *> er ®ntle ? 8. 3a, nid)t ft>afyr, bie ©ritle ober bad 
 £eimd)en nnb ber ©raofyiipfer gebiken gn bent ®efd>led)t ber £en* 
 fctjrecfe ? 9, 3awot)l ; ixnjfen ©ie, 3 it melcfyem ®efd)led)t bie ^o^= 
 quito unb bie ^ferbefliege gefyoren ? 10. (Ste gefyoren gu bem 
 ®efd)(ed)t ber gliege. 11. SSte s J?to^qittto ift ein auferft lafticjev? 
 3«feft; fie ift eine fogenannte @ted)fUea,e. 12. ©ie fpri^t, roafy* 
 renb (8.) fie fticfyt, eine a^enbe giiiffigfeit in bie 2$nnbe, n?eld)e 
 reijenb mirlt nnb oft eine Sn^iinbnng tternrfacfyt. 13. 3ft (14. 4.) 
 ber 2fr3t fyter gemefen ? 14. $r ift je^t fyier ; er ift (14. 4.) eben 
 gefommen. 15. $aktn <Sie biefe Sampe bei (12. 7.) bem Cramer 
 gefauft ? 16. 2Bir fyaben 9ttcfytd bet tfym (12. 7.) gefanft, benn er 
 batte nid)t, \ua$ wix brancfyen. 17. yRtiri Dt)eim, £err Metier, fyat 
 uns sorgeftem befucfyt. 18. Wan (obt gewobnUd}, ma3 man liebt. 
 19. Wan beft£t nicbt, n>a$ man nid)t serfte()t 20. 3$ bin (14. 4.) 
 tyeute bei (12. 7.) meinem Dtj-eime getuefen. 
 
 Exercise 32. 
 
 1. To whom (3.) have you sent the cheese ? 2. I have not 
 sent it to anybody. 3. Whose hat has the child had ] 4. The 
 child has not had any hat at all (13. 2). 5. Has anybody any- 
 thing for us 1 6. Whom has the physician visited recently 1 
 7. He has visited my uncle in the city. 8. Our neighbor, Mr. 
 Werner, and his sister, Mrs. Hassel, were yesterday at our 
 house (12. 7.). 9. Where have (14. 4.) you been to-day] 
 10. We have been in Hamburg. 11. When have you seen 
 your brother? 12. I have just seen him, but I have not spoken 
 with him. 13. Did you hear the cricket chirp 1 14. I heard 
 it, and I hear it again just now, but I do not like (13. 7.) it. 
 15. Has (14. 4.) your friend gone to the city] 16. No, he 
 has (14. 4.) come from the city and gone home. 17. A great 
 commander has fallen. 18. To what genus does the mosquito 
 belong] 19. A stinging fly is a troublesome insect, is n't 
 it (13. 3.)] 20. Yes, it is very troublesome. 
 
DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS. 
 
 83 
 
 
 ©rammattfrfje^. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. Declension of the Indefinite Article compared with 
 the Definite. 
 
 Masc. 
 Nom. etn, 
 Gon. em*e$, 
 Bat. em^em, 
 Ace. euveit, 
 
 Fern. Neut. 
 
 em=e, etn, a. 
 
 euver, ein**0 f of a. 
 
 etn^er, eu>em f to a. 
 
 etn=e, etn, a. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 ber, 
 
 bc§ f 
 
 bem, 
 
 ben, 
 
 Fern. 
 
 bte, 
 bcr r 
 ber, 
 
 bte, 
 
 Neut. 
 
 ba8. 
 
 beg. 
 bcm. 
 
 bag. 
 
 2. The Possessive Pronouns (2. 1.) are declined like cut. 
 
 The Possessive Pronoun tfjr of the third person plural, like the Personal 
 Pronoun of the same number (1. 4.), is substituted for the second person, 
 and written with a capital initial : 
 
 ©d)vet6en @te 3(>ren SBrief nut 3fyrem Are you writing your letter with 
 Sletfttft ? your pencil ? 
 
 3. . The following are the Interrogative Pronouns : 
 
 2Bcr? who? 2Ba§ fiiv? what kind of? 
 
 28a§? what? SBeldjer? which? what? 
 
 SBcr and to Jig are declined as follows : 
 
 m$ ? what ? 
 
 (we§ ? of what ?) 
 
 Dative wanting. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 h>er? 
 
 who? 
 
 Gen. 
 
 lucjfen ? 
 
 whose ? 
 
 Bat' 
 
 iv cm ? 
 
 to, for whom ? 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Veen? 
 
 whom ? 
 
 i»a£? 
 
 what? 
 
 2Ber ift er ? gr tft tin Wlakx 
 $8a$ fur etn heater tft er ? 
 (Etn ScmbfcbaftSmaler. 
 2Beld)er 8anbf$aft$maler? 
 
 4. Indefinite Pronouns are : 
 
 3cbermamt, everybody. 
 3emanb, somebody, anybody. 
 9?tentanb, nobody, not anybody. 
 
 Who is he ? He is a painter. 
 ' What kind of a painter is he ? 
 A landscape-painter. 
 Which landscape-painter ? 
 
 GctroaS, something, anything. 
 9cid)t3, nothing, not anything. 
 Ttan (French on), one, they. 
 
 The first three of these pronouns are usually inflected like nouns of the 
 Old Declension, though the forms 3emanben, Sfttemanben sometimes occur in 
 the dative and accusative. SSftan, md)t$, and ettt>a3 are indeclinable. 
 
84 LESSON 15. 
 
 5. 9Watt is used only as the subject of a verb, and may some- 
 times be rendered one ; but frequently the active verb, of which 
 Utatt is the subject, is best rendered by the corresponding pas- 
 sive, the object of the former being the subject of the latter : 
 
 3J?an lofct if)tt. He is praised. One praises him. 
 
 9Ran fennt u)n ntdjt. He is not known. One does not know him. 
 
 9ft cm fctcjt (French, on dit). It is said. One says (they say). 
 
 6. Nouns used in a general or indefinite sense are not pre- 
 ceded by a word corresponding to any or some : 
 
 £ctfren <3ie Buder ? Have you (any or some) sugar ? 
 
 3d) fyabt 2ftef)l gefauft. I have bought some flour. 
 
 7. $tlflrt£, in the sense of some, somewhat, a little, is often 
 
 used before nouns and adjectives ; tuddjcr, in the sense of 
 
 some (an indefinite quantity), is used in place of a previously 
 
 expressed noun : 
 
 (Er |at nod) etttaS ©elb ; fte Ijctt aud) He has still some money ; she also 
 
 tt)eld)c$. lias some. 
 
 (&$ ttrirb ettoaS fuf)l. It is becoming somewhat cool. 
 
 -" 8. The Subordinating Conjunctions are those which require 
 the same construction as do the relative pronouns (8. 6.) ; the 
 following are the principal ones : 
 
 aU, bafi, inbem', 
 
 bettor', ba, itad)bem\ 
 
 &tS, falls, ofr, 
 
 3d) traue tijtn, tteit i^ wetjj, ba§ er reb= I trust him, because I know that he 
 
 lid) ift is honest, 
 
 ©r fyoffr, bct§ fte fommen tterben. He hopes that they will come. 
 
 <3te fommt, ftenn fie 3ctt fyat. She is coming, ifshe has time (time has). 
 
 28tr toarteten, bid hnr e3 forten. We waited till we heard it. 
 
 3nbcm id) fyier serroeile, btncjt er fd)on While I am waiting here, he is (al- 
 
 bte Sftorbcr. ready) hiring the murderers. 
 
 3d) verier nid)t 2Ifle3, ba folder Sireimb I have not lost everything, since such 
 
 nth* geoliefcen ijt. a friend has remained true to me. 
 
 2)te 2)eutfd)en fonnen erfi ii&er Ctteratnr The Germans can only judge of litera- 
 
 urtfieilen, fcitbem fte felfcfl erne 2itera= ture, since they themselves have a 
 
 tur fyaben. literature. 
 
 fett, 
 
 tt>at)rertb, 
 
 fettbem', 
 
 it>eif, 
 
 into,ectd)tet, 
 
 ttenm 
 
DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 
 
 85 
 
 Mt'wn 16. 
 
 Lesson 16o 
 
 NOUNS OF THE NEW AND MIXED DECLENSION. FORMATION OF FEMI- 
 NINE NOUNS FROM MASCULINE. FORMS OF CONDITIONAL MOOD. 
 
 Setfjiiere. 
 
 Der 3NSger fd)itfte bem 9?effen be3 ®rafen 
 
 einen -gtofen. 
 SSlan ftnbet ben (Elepljan'ten, after nicfyt 
 
 ben S3oren in Slfrifa. 
 £err <Stein kfucfyte £errn 23raun. 
 $ennen <5ie ben Sfteffen unferer Se^ 
 
 rertn ? 
 Die ©djulerin ttiirbe una gent kgtei'ten, 
 
 ttenn fie 3eit $atte. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The hunter sent the nephew of the 
 
 count a hare. 
 The elephant, but not the bear, is 
 
 found in Africa. ' 
 Mr. Stein visited Mr. Braun. 
 Do you know the nephew of our 
 
 teacher ? 
 The scholar w r ould gladly accompany 
 
 us, if she had time. 
 
 SBorierticrjetdjnife. 
 
 $er $ran$o'fc, -en, Frenchman. 
 
 Der ®rctf, -en, count. 
 
 Der 8d»e # -n, lion. 
 
 Der 9£effe, -n, nephew. 
 
 Der $reu§c, -n, Prussian. 
 
 Der Sftuffe, -n, Eussian. 
 
 Der <3otbaf, -en, soldier. 
 
 Der ©trauj?, -dJ, bouquet. 
 
 Der £urfe, -n, Turk. 
 
 Xit goujt'ne, -, (female) cousin. 
 
 Die ©drtnertn, -, gardener, t = d. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Die Jtaiferin, -, empress. 
 Die $oniajn, -, queen. 
 Die 9cid)te, -, niece. 
 Die $Pu£mad)erin, -, milliner. 
 Die 3ettung, -, newspaper. 
 2>tt0 £oo3, -e3, lot ; allotment. 
 9tu3ge$etd)net, excellent. 
 mt, with, 
 hunter, lively. 
 Skrfpre'cfcen, to promise. 
 2Bunf$en3i»ert&, desirable. 
 
 = t. 
 
 $ret unb breifetgftc 5tufgaBe. 
 
 1. T)Ci$ $tnb Ht ben 23aren nnb ben Somen cjefefjen. 2. £)iefer 
 nmntere $nak ift ber 9ieffe be$ ©rafen *>on ©cpnfeld. 3. £er 
 ©raf son 9*. fjat fetnem 5^effen ein $ferb »erfprod)en (11. 5.). 
 4. Die ©djroejier btefeS Stnaten tft bie ©djiiferin (4.) metner 
 ©djroefter. 5. £>er @ofm btefes granjofen tjt ein ©olbat, niefct 
 m\)v (13. 3.)? 6. 3j| bas 2oo3 be$ ©olbaten rounfdjenswertf) ? 
 7. ipcrr 9?aa,et feat £errn SReijje* ein £an3 in ber $eterftrafe 
 
85 LESSON 16. 
 
 serfanft. 8. 2)te .ftonigin oon $reu£en ift bie ^aiferttt oon 
 £)eutfd)lanb. 9, 3&tv $rcn§e fann fefen nnb fdjreiben. 10* 
 £)er 9tuj[e ift ber Watyax beS Xitrfen. 11. £err Gutter befucfyte 
 ffincn gvennb, £errn SBeber, lejjte 2Bo$e (6. 3.). 12. Diefe 
 3ta(ienerin ift cine ansgejcidmete (Sangertn. 13. 3$ IjaU fit 
 oft gefeben. 14. SGtr l)aben bie 3"tung beS gran$ofen gelefen. 
 15. 2Bir tjaben bie 9?td)te ber ®raftn Sternberg gefel)en. 16. T)a$ 
 ftinb fptclt gem rait feinera Setter. 17. Die ©artnertn tjat metner 
 Goujtne einen ©tran§ gegeben. 18. Unfere Gutter i\t nnfere 
 Sefyrerin. 19. gran 9?agel fyat ber $u£mad)erin bie (Setbe nnb 
 bie SBlume gefd)tdt. 20. 28a3 miirben (6.) ©ie faufen, mnn ©ie 
 in ber <Stabt maren nnb oiel (Mb fatten (5.)? 
 
 Exercise 34. 
 
 1. The Russian is visiting (6. 4.) the Frenchman. 2. The 
 Frenchman is the friend of the Russian. 3. The Russian sells 
 the Frenchman the wheat. 4. The Frenchman sells the Rus- 
 sian the silk. 5. The lot of a soldier is not desirable. 6. Mr. 
 Weber and his nephew are visiting their friend, Mr. Miiller. 
 7. My mother was my teacher. 8. The nephew of the count 
 is a scholar. 9. My sister was the scholar of our aunt. 10. 
 This Turk is & soldier, is he not (13. 3.)? 11. Miss Weber is 
 the friend (4.) of my sister. 12. What has Mr. Gruber prom- 
 ised the boy*? 13. He has not promised the boy anything. 
 14. Can every Prussian read and write 1 15. Did you say : 
 Every Frenchman is not a soldier, or not every Frenchman is 
 a soldier] 16. Has Mr. Meissner sold Mr. Nagel a horse] 
 17. He has sold Mr. Nagel a wagon. 18. Is this singer (4.) 
 an Italian lady (4.)] 19. No, she is an American. 20. I would 
 (6.) read the book, if I had (5.) it. 
 
 ®rammattfdje0. Grammatical. 
 
 1. Nouns whose Genitive singular ends in it or ett, are of 
 
 the New Declension : 
 
DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 
 
 87 
 
 
 The boy. 
 
 The soldier. 
 
 
 Nom. 
 
 ber $nabe, 
 
 ber (Solbaf, 
 
 £err, 
 
 Gen. 
 
 bes $(nakt*n, 
 
 be3 ©olbat^en, 
 
 £err=n, 
 
 Bat. 
 
 bent $nabe-n, 
 
 bent ©oIbat>en, 
 
 £en>n, 
 
 Ace. 
 
 ben $(nabt*n. 
 
 ben ^>olbat*en. 
 
 £err=n. 
 
 2. Nouns of the New Declension, ending in an accented syl- 
 lable, form the oblique cases by adding t\l ', those ending in 
 unaccented e, by adding tt. 
 
 Most names of males, ending in e, belong to the New Declension ; also 
 various foreign nouns, ending in an accented syllable : 
 
 Der Sotte, the lion. Der D$$ or Dd)fe, the ox. 
 
 Dei £afe, the hare. Der Kbft&tf , the lawyer. 
 
 3. Many foreign nouns ending in flr, as ^aftor, Softer, 
 ^rofejfor, &c, and the following list, belong to the Mixed De- 
 clension, i. e. in the sing, to the Old, in the plur. to the New : 
 
 5D« 2l()n, ancestor. 
 Der 23ctuer, peasant. 
 Der Dent, thorn. 
 Der flitter, spangle. 
 Der ftorfc forest. 
 Der ®cut, country. 
 Der @e»at'ter, godfather. 
 Der Worker, laurel. 
 SDer 9ttajr, mast. 
 
 Der 9catf>I)ar, neighbor. 
 Der $Pfau, peacock. 
 Der <5ee, lake. $ - *L 
 
 Der ©tctat, state. 
 Der @tra$l, beam. 
 Der ©trau§, ostrich. 
 Der (Stack!, sting. 
 Der Unteru)an, subject. 
 
 Der ^Better, cousin. 
 Der Bierratt), ornament. 
 Da$ 2luge, eye. 
 Da« Sett, bed. 
 2)a3 Snbe, end. 
 DaS £emb, shirt. 
 DaS D(jr, ear. 
 DaS 3nfeft', insect. 
 
 4. Many feminine nouns are formed from masculines by the 
 suffix in : 
 
 Der STmerifa'ner, the American. 
 Der 23crlt'ner, the Berliner. 
 Der ftreunb, the friend. 
 Der Sefcrer, the teacher. 
 Der (Sdjuler, the scholar. 
 Der flaifer, the emperor. 
 Der .ftitata., the king. 
 Der Stger, the tiger. 
 
 Some nouns take the um 
 
 Die Sunerifa'rerin, the American lady. 
 Die ©erlt'nertn, the Berlin lady. 
 Die ftreunbin, the female friend. 
 Die Sekertn, the female teacher. 
 Die ©diulerin, the female scholar. 
 Die .ft atferrn, the empress. 
 Die -ftoniciin, the queen. 
 Die £ta,erin, the tigress. 
 
 laut : Der Jfodj, bie flod&in, &c. 
 
— . . 
 
 
 LB 
 
 jESSON 
 
 16. 
 
 5. Most German verbs, like the one English verb to be, have 
 in the Imperfect Tense a distinct form, to indicate doubt, con- 
 tingency, or conditionally : 
 
 Indicative Form. 
 
 2Barerf)ter? 
 Was he here ? 
 <£r f)atte baS Sfttttet. 
 He had the means. 
 3d) fonnte gefyen. 
 I could go. 
 
 Conditional Forms. 
 
 SBdre er Ijter. 
 Were he here. 
 £dtte cr baS SWittet. 
 Had he the means, 
 it'onnte id) geljen. 
 Could I go. 
 
 2Benn er Ijter todre. 
 If he were here. 
 2Benn er baa SJHttel ^dtte* 
 If he had the means. 
 SBcnn id) geljen fonnte. 
 If I could go. 
 
 6. $$ih'bc (36. 1., &c.) answers to would, implying con- 
 ditionality ; mlid)tc answers to would, implying desire : 
 
 3d) nmrbe geljen, n>enn id) fonnte. 
 
 2Ba3 luurben ©ie ttwn ? 
 
 3d) roiirbe arbeiten nnb roarten. 
 
 (Er mod)te geljen, ab:r e$ tDiirbe feinem 
 
 5>atcr mtfjfal'fat. 
 3d) mod)te ttriffen, tt>a3 er tfyun ttwrbe, 
 
 tt>enn cr retd) tt)are. 
 3d) mod)te totjfen, ttnemet Uf>r e3 
 
 iff. 
 (£3 tjt fd)on geljn Sttinuten nad) neun 
 
 itf)r ; id) roitrbe Ijeute nid)t mel)r au3-* 
 
 3d) mod)te gerne ftfdjen gefoen. 
 3d) mod)te lieber auf bent $elbe arbeiten, 
 aU ftfd)en gefyen. 
 
 I would go, if I could. 
 
 What would you do ? 
 
 I would work and wait. 
 
 He would (like to) go, but it would 
 
 displease his father. 
 1 would like to know (I wonder) 
 
 what he would do, if he were rich. 
 I wish I knew (I would like to know 
 
 or I wonder) what time it is. 
 It is already ten minutes after nine 
 
 o'clock ; I would not go out any 
 
 more to-day. 
 I would like to go a fishing. 
 I would rather work in the field, 
 
 than go a fishing. 
 
 7. An independent sentence, following a conditional one, is 
 usually introduced by the word ffl : 
 
 2Benn tmr nidjt fo ntiibe ttdren, fo tour* 
 
 ben ttrir ge.fjen. 
 SBenn id) nid)t franf getoefen todre, fo 
 
 toiirbe id) <3te getotp befud)t fyaben ; or 
 SBdre id) ntd)t franf getoefen, fo I)dtte id) 
 
 <&k kfud)t. 
 
 If we were not so tired, we would 
 
 go. 
 If I had not been sick, I certainly 
 
 would have visited you ; or 
 Had I not been sick, I had (would 
 
 have) visited you. 
 
<n 
 
 PLURAL OP NOUN! 
 
 89 
 
 Mtion 17, 
 
 Lesson 17. 
 
 PLURAL OF NOUNS. 
 
 Connected View of the Old, New, and Mixed Declensions. 
 
 Old Declension. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 The painter. 
 
 N. ber 9ftaler, 
 G. beg Winter^, 
 I). bemSflaler, 
 A. ben 9Jtaler, 
 
 bie yRaUv, 
 ber SJialer, 
 ben SQtaler^n, 
 bie 9flaler* 
 
 The hand. 
 
 N. bie £anb, 
 
 G. ber Jpanb, 
 
 i). ber £anb, 
 
 A. bie £anb* 
 
 bie £anb*e, 
 ber £anb^e, 
 bcrt $anb*en, 
 bie £anb^e. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 The friend. 
 
 ber grennb, 
 beg greunb^eg, 
 bem greunb^e, 
 ben grennb* 
 
 bie greunb^e, 
 ber grennb^e, 
 ben grennb^en, 
 bie grennb^e* 
 
 * The year. 
 
 bag Scifyx, 
 beg 3a^r=eg, 
 bent 3a$r*e, 
 bag 3afyr. 
 
 bie 3afyr*e, 
 ber 3a$r»e, 
 ben 3^^)^en, 
 bie Safae. 
 
 New Declension. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 The boy. 
 
 N. ber $nabe, 
 
 G. beg ^?nabe-n, 
 
 2). bem ^nabe^n, 
 
 A. ben $nab=en, 
 
 bie $naU*n, 
 ber $nafce=n, 
 ben jtnabc=n, 
 bie ^nabe=n. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 The woman. 
 
 bie gran, 
 
 ber gran, 
 
 ber gran, 
 
 bie gran, 
 
 bie grau-en, 
 
 ber graven, 
 
 ben graven, 
 
 bie graven. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 The peasant 
 
 Mixed Declension 
 
 Plural. 
 
 N. ber 33auer, 
 
 G. beg 33auer*g, 
 
 D. bem 33aner, 
 
 A. fan S3aner, 
 
 bie 33auer*it, 
 ber 33aucr*n, 
 ben 33auer^n, 
 bie 23aner^n. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 The doctor. 
 
 ber £)oftor, 
 beg £>oftor=g, 
 bem !Doftor, 
 ben £)oftor, 
 
 bie £)oftor'-en, 
 
 ber £)ofror*en, 
 
 ben £)ofror*en, 
 
 bie $) of tor* em 
 
90 
 
 LESSON 17. 
 
 SSetfjiiele. 
 
 2)ie Sefyrer unb tie <Scf)uler madjen emeu 
 
 ©pajier'gang. 
 Xk Sxtfibtn fucfyen ©lumen. 
 25 tc ©dmetber unb ©djnetberinncn go 
 
 braucfyen 9?abeln unb ^tnger^ute. 
 3u»cilcn fdjrei&cn bie <3d)itler ifyre 5Tuf= 
 
 <jakn mil SBletfhften. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The teachers and the scholars are 
 taking a walk. 
 
 The boys are looking for flowers. 
 
 The tailors and tailoresses use nee- 
 dles and thimbles. 
 
 Sometimes the scholars write their 
 exercises with pencils. 
 
 SBortertjerjetdjntj?. 
 
 $er Glcpknt', -en, pi. -en, elephant. 
 
 2>er ©arten, -3, pi. ©arten, garden. 
 
 ®er ©pajier'gang, -3, pi. -gdnge, walk. 
 
 $te BUtt, -, pi. -n, lily. 
 
 SDlc SRaiMume, -, pi. -n, lily of the val- 
 
 Xie 3Wenfd$ett, -, mankind. [ley. 
 
 Tit 9ielfe, -, pi. -n, pink. 
 
 5Dh £ulpe, -, pi. -n, tulip. 
 
 $tt§ 0olb, -eS, gold. 
 
 2)a$ 3)Mrd)en, -3, pi. -, tale, story. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 T>a$ £cwfenbfd)6n, -3, pi. -e, pansy. 
 
 DaS SSergtjj'metmttd&t, -3, pi. -e, forget- 
 
 9Werlet, all kinds, sorts. [me-not. 
 
 @rsdf)'ten, to tell, relate. 
 
 %a\t, nearly, almost. 
 
 3'riiljer, formerly. 
 
 ©elef/rig, docile. 
 
 ileljrett, to sweep. 
 
 SBerfer'tigcn, to make, manufacture. 
 
 SBerttjtioU, valuable. 
 
 gihtf unb brctgioftc 5(ufgaBc. 
 
 1. Diefe 2lrmftitf}fe ftnb grog. 2. Die 2lufgaJ3en ftnb ntc^t $u 
 [corner. 3. Diefe 9(rbeiter ftnb fleijug unb iufricben. 4. 3ene 
 gran3ofen unb 3ta(iencr ftnb Dfft^tere. 5. Die 5Ierjte (14. 2.) 
 ftnb bie greunbe ber 9ftenfd)r>ett (14. 2.). 6. Die StfdYier ijerfertU 
 gen £ifd)e unb $ulte. 7. Unfere ^iifyrer iuaren fritter ©olbaten. 
 
 8. Die Sefyrer unb bie ©emitter §abm eincn ©pajiergang gemad)t. 
 
 9. Die 33(eiftifte ftnb neu, unb bie gebern ftnb alt 10. Diefe 
 Uftren ftnb son (Mb. 11. Diefe 23(mnen ftnb 3tofen.. 12. Die 
 3ager fyabtn biefe 9JKird)en er3al)lt. 13. Die (Elepfyanten (14. 2.) 
 ftnb gelefyrtg. 14. Diefe £iite ftnb gu grog. 15. Diefe $trd)en 
 ftnb neu. 16. 3ene ©attler unb biefe ©djreiner orbetten fefyr 
 fleigig. 17. Diefe 33efen fefyren gut (1. 3.); fie ftnb neit, 18. 
 @o(d)e ®emalbe, ti?ie biefe, ftnb toertfyyott. 19. Diefe ©anger ftnb 
 bie ©6|ne unferer 9kd)barn, nid)t \val)x (13. 3.)? 
 
PLURAL OF NOUNS. 91 
 
 Exercise 36. 
 
 1. We have bought these arm-chairs. 2. Are these workmen 
 skilful % 3. Yes, they make such chairs and desks as these. 
 4. Those officers are Italians and Frenchmen. 5. Who has told 
 you these tales % 6. The soldiers have told me these stories. 
 7. These roses are white, those are red. 8. The sons of our 
 neighbor sing well. 9. These pencils are too hard. 10. These 
 watches are of silver. 11. The coats of these soldiers are not 
 very fine. 12. The scholars have taken a walk with their 
 teachers. 13. These brooms are new; they sweep well. 14. 
 What kind of (15. 3.) flowers have you] 15. I have roses. 
 16. These hunters were formerly soldiers. 17. These scholars 
 find their exercises very easy. 18. Are not the physicians the 
 friends of mankind (14. 2.)1 19. These builcftngs are large 
 and beautiful. 20. We have all kinds of flowers in the garden. 
 21. These roses and lilies are very beautiful. 
 
 ©rammatiftfjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. Nouns of the Old Declension ending in the Nominative 
 singular in e, el, Ctt, Or, djeu, Ictlt, have the same form in the 
 Nominative plural (exceptions 18. 1. and 2.) : 
 
 Der <3attler, the saddler. Die ©attlcr, the saddlers. 
 
 DaS ©ebau'be, the building. Die ©efcaube, the buildings. 
 
 Der Coffer, the trunk. Die Coffer, the trunks. 
 
 DaS SWittel, the means. Die SWittel, the means. 
 
 2. Masculine Nouns not ending in the Nominative singular 
 in C or a liquid unaccented, form, the Nominative plural by 
 adding e and taking the umlaut, if capable of it (exceptions 
 18. 3. and 4.): 
 
 Der fatnm, the comb. Die $amme, the combs. 
 
 Dtl Strom, the stream. Die <Strbme, the streams. 
 
 Dcr £ut, the hat. Die £iite, the hats. 
 
 Der 33cutm, the tree. Die 23ciume, the trees. 
 
92 
 
 LESSON 17. 
 
 3. Neuter Nouns not ending in the Nominative singular in c 
 or a liquid unaccented, form their Nominative plural by add- 
 ing c: 
 
 Da3 3<rf)r, the year. Die %a$\'t, the years. 
 
 Da3 ©ebot', the commandment. 2)ie ©ebote, the commandments. 
 
 DaS 9>ult, the desk. Die 9>ulte, the desks. 
 
 4. Feminine Nouns ending in the Nominative singular in 
 fltttft and m§, form their Nominative plural by adding c and 
 taking the umlaut, if capable of it ; those ending in faf, by 
 adding c without the umlaut : 
 
 Die SfaSfunfte, the reports. 
 Die SBitbniffc, the wildernesses. 
 Die Stiibfale, the tribulations. 
 
 Die Sfoafunft, the report. 
 Die 2Bitbnij5, the wilderness. 
 Die Sriibfal, the tribulation. 
 
 1. The following thirty-three words add e in the Nominative plural, and 
 take the umlaut : 
 
 Die £anb, hand. Die 9ft auS, mouse. 
 
 Die $aut, skin. Die 9?ad)r, ni . ht. 
 
 Die flluft, gap. Die 9?al)t, stitch. 
 
 Die tfraft, strength. Die 9to$, need. 
 
 Die Jht$, cow. Die «Rug, walnut. 
 
 Die iftmfl, art. Die <3au, sow, hog. 
 
 Die SauS, louse. Die S$nur, lace. 
 
 Die i'lift, air. Die ©tabt, city. 
 
 Die i?ujt, pleasure. Die SBcmb, wall. 
 
 Die 3Wad)t, might. Die SBitrjl, sausage. 
 Die 2ftagb, maid-servant. Die 3unft, company. 
 
 2. The two nouns SWltttCt and XotfjttY form their plural by taking the 
 umlaut. 
 
 3. All other Feminine Nouns belong to the New Declension. 
 
 5. Feminine nouns formed from Masculine nouns by taking 
 the suffix in, form their plural by adding nett : 
 
 Die ITngft, anguish. 
 Die Sludjludjt, subterfuge. 
 Die 3trt, ax. 
 Die 33anf, bench. 
 Die Sraut, bride. 
 Die 23ntjr, breast. 
 Die goafi, list. 
 Die $rud)t, fruit. 
 Die ©an3, goose. 
 Die ©ruft, grave. 
 Die ©efcfywuljt', swelling. 
 
 Die $aiferm, the empress. 
 Die ©cfyneiberin, the tailoress. 
 
 Die $aiferinnen, the empresses. 
 Die ©djnetberinnen, the tailoresses. 
 
 6. Nouns ending in the Nominative plural in n, have all 
 cases in the plural alike ; all others add tt in the Dative. 
 
 
PLURAL OF NOUNS. 93 
 
 7. Adjective words (1. 2., 2. 1.) have in the plural but one 
 form for all genders : 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Rom. 
 
 fete, 
 
 biefe, 
 
 metne, 
 
 feme, 
 
 Gen. 
 
 t>er, 
 
 btefer, 
 
 meitter, 
 
 feincr, 
 
 Bat. 
 
 ben, 
 
 tuefett, 
 
 meitten, 
 
 fetnen, 
 
 Ace. 
 
 bie. 
 
 btefc. 
 
 meine. 
 
 fetne. 
 
 8. Adjectives, in the plural, are declined like the above 
 words ; except that, when preceded by them, they end in all 
 cases in Ctt : 
 
 2)iefe flei&igen ©cfyuler fyaben feme pten These diligent scholars have no 
 
 Siicfyer. good books, 
 
 ©utc £>errfcr;er Men getjor'fame ttntcr* Good 
 
 tfyanen. jects. 
 
 9. There is in German a characteristic use of words in ap- 
 position, answering to that of corresponding ones in English 
 connected by of (8. 23) : 
 
 3n ber ©tabt granffurt ffl e ( n igtanb* In the city of Frankfort there is a 
 Mlb ®uttenoerg3. statue of Guttenberg. 
 
 5lm acfytjelmten Dfto'ocr ac^tge^n fynnbert On the eighteenth of October, 1813, 
 imb breuclm roar bte <3ci>tad)t kt Setpjtg. the battle of Leipsic was fought. 
 
 £)er Sftonat fSlai ttnrb oft bcr SBonne* The month of May is often called the 
 moncrt genannt. month of joy. 
 
 dx faufte j»d 9)funb 3roetfd)en. He bought two pounds of prunes. 
 
 ©eben @ie mtr jroci Gotten ®arn. Give me two spools of thread. 
 
 10. With a qualifying word the construction in both lan- 
 guages is similar : 
 
 3»ei Centner son foment £en. j Two hundred dg of such hay> 
 Broet Centner folcfyen £eue3. ) 
 
 11. The common and proper names of streams are often 
 written as one word : 
 
 £>er Sftyeinftrom. £>er SKiffifftp'pijIug. The river Rhine. The Mississippi river. 
 
 12. Words denoting points of compass are often joined with 
 a noun in one word : 
 
 £>er -Worbpol. ©itbamertfa. The North Pole. South America. 
 
94 
 
 LESSON 18. 
 
 Mtion 18. 
 
 Lesson 18. 
 
 IRREGULAR PLURAL OF NOUNS. 
 
 83etfjrie(e. 
 
 £>te ©ommertage unb bte SBtnterafcenbe 
 
 ftnb lang. 
 2)te Jttnber fyoren gem bie Sieber ber 
 
 ©oget in ben ©albern. 
 Die flatter in bicfen 23itcfyern finb nocfy 
 
 nidt>t aufgef<$nitten. 
 2>ie Baijne ber £unbe ftnb fdjarf. 
 2>ie Defen in bent £aufe bed £errn 
 
 9ia(>ner ftnb »on 3>orjcttaii'. 
 
 SSiirtertierjetdjntfe. 
 
 $er STpfel, -d, pi. STepfel, apple. 
 2)er 2(rm, -ed, pi. -e, arm. 
 2)er 33erg, -ed, pi. -e, mountain. 
 2>er ®etft, -ed, pi. er, spirit ; ghost. 
 Star -pafen, - 8, pi. £afen, harbor ; haven. 
 Xer 8c&, -pi, pi. -er, body. 
 Stor Mattel, -d, pi. SRantel, cloak. 
 SDer Bagel, -d, pi. 9?agef, nail. g=— . 
 £cr 3dmf>, -ed, pi. -e, shoe, u = oe. 
 2)er <5cfutf)mad)er, -d, pi. -, shoemaker. 
 £er Scfyftagcr, -3, pi. ©cfyroager, broth- 
 2)er 2ag, -zi, pi. -e, day. [er-in-law. 
 £er Unterfd)tcb, -d, pi. -e, difference. 
 2)er 2Bintermonat, -d, pi. -e, winter- 
 5DtC Sufi, -, pi. Sitfte, air. [month. 
 XaB Stmt, -ed, pi. Slemter, office. 
 1)a$ !Dad), -ed, pi. £)a$er, roof. 
 QaZ 2>orf, -ed, pi. 2)6rfer, village. 
 £>ad ©t, -ed, pi. -er, egg. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The summer days and the winter 
 
 everings are long. 
 The children like to hear the songs 
 
 of the birds in the woods. 
 The leaves of these books are not yet 
 
 cut. 
 The teeth of the dogs are sharp. 
 The stoves in the house of Mr. 
 
 Rabner are of porcelain. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 ®a$ ©lad, -ed, pi. ©Iafer, glass. 
 
 Had SRejl, -ed, pi. -er, nest. 
 
 2)ctd 9)orgetlan', -d, porcelain. 
 
 &a$ 9tab, -ed, pi. $aber, wheel. 
 
 1>ci$ S$al, -ed, pi. Scaler, valley ; dale. 
 
 T)a$ 2Mf,-ed, pi. Golfer, people, nation. 
 
 £te Seute (pi. of obs. bad Seut), -, people. 
 
 Sitter, aKe, ailed, all. 
 
 ©tntragltdj, lucrative, profitable. 
 
 $eud(jt, damp, moist, humid. 
 
 ©ele'gen, situated. 
 
 ®ki$, alike (like). 
 
 SMertfd), picturesque. 
 
 9?afjrf)aft, nutritious. 
 
 ©tarf, strong (stark). 
 
 ©terbttd), mortal (fterfcen, starve). 
 
 ©tetl, steep. 
 
 UnfterMidj, immortal. 
 
 3rotfdjen, between. 
 
 SieBcn unb breifetgfte tofpfie. 
 
 1. ttnfere £etfrer ftnb jterMidj, after unferc ©eifier ftnb unfterfc* 
 lid). 2. (5tnb biefe neuen Defen son ^or^tlcm? 3. 2©ad ift ber 
 Unterfd)ieb stoifdjen „ 3SoI! " nnb „ Seute " ? 4. T)ie Mantel met* 
 
IRREGULAR PLURAL OP NOUNS. 95 
 
 tter 33ritber ftnb item 5. Die £afen jmb ttef, 6, 3n ben SMnter* 
 tnonatert ftnt> bie SIbenbe tang nnb bie £age fnr^. 7. Die 21rme 
 ber Sd)miebe ftnb ftarf, nnb tfyre jammer ftnb [turner. 8. Der 
 ©dmfymacfyer fyat bie ©d)n^e nod) nid)t gemad)t. 9. (Sr ir-itrbe 
 (16. 6.) fie gemad)t fyaben, roenn cr nid)t Ivanf geivefen mare (14. 4., 
 16. 5.). 10. Die Dad?er ber £anfer in ben Dorfern finb fteil. 
 11. Die SSater biefer mnnteren ^inber finb $aufleute. 12. ©old)e 
 ©lafer, wie biefe, finb foftbar. 13. 9M)t aCte ©rafer finb g(eid) 
 nal)rl)aft. 14. Die Dorfer am guge jener 23erge finb tnalerifd) 
 gelegen, nid)t h>al)r (13. 3.)? 15. Die $emter in biefer ©rabt 
 finb nic^t fet)r eintraglict;. 16. Diefe ^Xepfel finb nod? (13. 6.) nicfyt 
 reif. 17. Diefe 33iid)er finb nen nnb bitfig ; jene SBticfyer finb alt 
 unb teener. 18. Diefe ©emalbe finb nen nnb and) foftbar. 19. 
 Diefe Scaler finb fend)t nnb ungefnnb. 20. Diefe mnnteren $na* 
 ben fudjen Sier in ben 9iefrern. 21. Side 3t^ l »frlente brandjen 
 $agel. 22. Die 3taber biefeS mmn 2$agen$ finb ju llein. 23. 
 Die (Scfytuager btefes ^aufmannS befud)en un$ oft. 24. Diefe 
 ©raben ftnb ntd)t fetyr breir. 
 
 Exercise 38. 
 
 1. Do you like (13. 7.) apples] 2. I like apples, but not 
 these, for they are not ripe. 3. These nails belong to carpen- 
 ters, do they not (13. 3.)] 4. These gardens belong to the 
 brothers-in-law of our neighbor, Mr. Schlocker. 5. In the win- 
 ter the trees are without (5. 1.) leaves. 6. Not all harbors are 
 deep. 7. The water in these ditches is warm. 8. These cloaks 
 belong to your brothers, do they not 1 9. Those roses are very 
 beautiful. 10. These men have stoves of porcelain in their 
 houses. 11. I would (16. 6.) buy the house, if it were (16. 5.) 
 not too dear. 12. What are the children eating] 13. Are the 
 offices in this city lucrative % 14. These children found (11. 7.) 
 eggs in the nests. 15. The valleys are deep, the mountains 
 are high. 16. Those grasses are very nutritious. 17. Are 
 these glasses costly] 18. Which are the winter-months'? 19. 
 The winter evenings are long, the days are short. 20. The 
 
96 
 
 LESSON 18. 
 
 roofs of these houses are not steep. 21. These shoes are too 
 large for me. 22. The peasants live in villages. 23. The 
 birds build nests in the forests. 24. The new wheels of this 
 carriage are not very large. 
 
 ©rammattfdjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 Examples of Irregular Plurals. 
 
 
 Fathers. 
 
 Collars. 
 
 
 Men. 
 
 K 
 
 bie 33ater» 
 
 bie .ftragen, or $ragen. 
 
 bie 
 
 2Ramt«er. 
 
 G. 
 
 ber $iiter. 
 
 ber $ragen, or $ragen. 
 
 ber 
 
 Wann^tx. 
 
 B. 
 
 ben 2Sater=n. 
 
 bert $ragen, or $riigen. 
 
 ben 
 
 ^ann^ern. 
 
 A. 
 
 bie 23ater. 
 
 bie .ftragen, or .ftragen. 
 
 bie 
 
 9ftann*er. 
 
 
 Dogs. 
 
 Principalities. 
 
 Children. 
 
 N. 
 
 bie £unb e. 
 
 bie gurftentl)iim-er* 
 
 bie 
 
 ^inb^er. 
 
 G 
 
 ber ipunb^e. 
 
 ber $itrftentfynm=er. 
 
 ber 
 
 $mb-er. 
 
 B. 
 
 ben £nnb*en. 
 
 ben gurftentfyitm^ern. 
 
 ben 
 
 $mb=ern. 
 
 A. 
 
 bie £nnb*e. 
 
 bie gnrftenu)iim=er. 
 
 bie 
 
 $inb*er. 
 
 Exceptions to Rule 1, Lesson 17. 
 1. The following words take the umlaut in the plural 
 
 2)er Sfyfel, apple. 
 Der £antmet, wether. 
 £>er |i>anbel, commerce 
 3)er Mangel, want. 
 2)cr SWantel, cloak. 
 ®er 9tabel, navel. 
 2)er 9htgel, nail. 
 3)er ©attel, saddle. 
 
 £>er (Scfynctbel, beak. 
 Der 33ogel, bird. 
 £)er gaben, thread. 
 £>er ©arten, garden. 
 3)er ©rabett, ditch. 
 jDer |>afett, haven. 
 2)er Dfen, stove. 
 £)er ©cfyaben, injury. 
 
 2. $ragen, collar; 9ftagen, stomach; and SBagen, wagon 
 sometimes take the umlaut. 
 
 £>er STdfer, field. 
 
 £>er 23ruber, brother. 
 
 £)er jammer, hammer. 
 
 £)er (5d)tt>ttflcr, brother-in-law. 
 
 £)er SSater, father. 
 
 25a3 Softer, cloister, 
 
 Exceptions to Rule 2, Lesson 17. 
 3. The following add Cf and take the umlaut, if capable of it 
 
 £>er 33ofettnd)t, villain. 
 £>er £)orn, thorn. 
 £>er ©rift, spirit. 
 2>er ©ott, God. 
 
 T)er £etb, body. 
 S)cr SSftamt, man. 
 £)er Drt, place. 
 ©er 9knb, margin. 
 
 Dcr 35ormunb, guardian. 
 £>er SBalb, forest. 
 2)er SGBurm, worm. 
 
IRREGULAR PLURAL OF NOUNS. 
 
 97 
 
 4, The following reject the umlaut and add c 
 
 Der Sfol, eel. 
 
 Der ^erjog, duke. 
 
 Der g>fab, path. 
 
 Der %av, eagle. 
 
 Der £uf, hoof. 
 
 Der $ropf, cork. 
 
 Der SIfcenb, evening. 
 
 Der £>unb, dog. 
 
 Der $ulg, pulse. 
 
 Der Slrn&oE, anvil. 
 
 Der $apaun\ capon. 
 
 Der spunft, point. 
 
 Der Stntoalt, advocate. 
 
 Der itobolb, goblin. 
 
 Der <5d)aft, shaft. 
 
 Der SIrm, arm. 
 
 Der $orf, cork. 
 
 Der <5d)itl), shoe. 
 
 Der Dod)t, wick. 
 
 Der 5?ranid), crane. 
 
 Der <Staar, starling. 
 
 Der Dold), dagger. 
 
 Der £ad)g, salmon. 
 
 Der ©toff, stuff. 
 
 Der Dorfd), haddock. 
 
 Der gout, sound. 
 
 Der £ag, day. 
 
 Der ©tbam, son-in-law. . 
 
 Der 2eid)nam, corps. 
 
 Der ^runfenbolb, drunkard 
 
 Der ®emaf)l', consort. 
 
 SDct L*ud)g, lynx. 
 
 Der Unfjolb, monster. 
 
 Der ©rab, degree. 
 
 Der 9Md), lizard. 
 
 Der SBtetfra^, glutton. 
 
 Der £abid)t, hawk. 
 
 Der SKonat, month. 
 
 Der 2Btebet)opf, lapwing. 
 
 Der £alm, blade (of grass). 
 
 Der SW'onb, moon. 
 
 Der 3ofl, inch. 
 
 Der #aud), breath. 
 
 Der Sftorb murder. 
 
 
 Exceptions to Rule 3, Lesson 17. 
 
 5. $00t has the regular form ©note or %$Mt. 
 
 6. The following Neuter Nouns add cr in the plural, 
 those having a, Ml, 0, or u, take the umlaut : 
 
 and 
 
 Dag 9Iag, carrion. 
 
 Dag Stmt, office. 
 
 Dag 93ab, bath. 
 
 Dag 33ilb, picture. 
 
 Tat 23iatr, leaf. 
 
 Dag Srett, board. 
 
 2)a« 8tt<$, book. 
 
 Tat Taty, roof. 
 
 Dag Iwrf, village. 
 
 Tat (£i, egg. 
 
 Dag $acf), division. 
 
 Dag 8faf?, cask. 
 
 Tat ftelb, field. 
 
 Dag ©elb, money. 
 
 Tat ©emutb/, disposition, 
 
 Tat ©efd)Ied)t', gender. 
 
 Dag ©cfpenfr", ghost. 
 Tat mat, glass. 
 Dag ©lieb, member. 
 Tat ©raft, grave. 
 Dag ©rag, gtass. 
 Tat ®ut, property. 
 Dag £aupt, head. 
 Da^ £aug, house. 
 Tat £o$pttal', hospital. 
 Tat -jcmjjn, fowl. 
 Tat mh' f calf. 
 Da^ itamtfol', jacket. 
 Dag $inb, child. 
 Dag jtletb, garment. 
 Dag Sortt, grain. 
 Dag ftraut, vegetable. 
 
 Dag Zamm, lamb. 
 
 Dag Stcb, song. 
 
 Dag Sod), hole. 
 
 Dag Wlaul, mouth. 
 
 Dag SRcft, nest. 
 
 Dag $arlamenf, parliament. 
 
 Dag 9)fanb, pledge. 
 
 Dag $ab, wheel. 
 
 Dag Regiment', regiment. 
 
 Dag Wit, twig. 
 
 Dag 91 fob, cattle. 
 
 Dag @d)lo0, castle. 
 
 Dag ©dwert, sword. 
 
 Dag ©pital, hospital. 
 
 Dag 2$al, valley. 
 
 Dag SJolf, people. 
 
 7. All nouns also, ending in tjuitt, add er and take the 
 umlaut : 
 
 Der SReidjt&um, the riches. Die 9tei#t$umer, &c, the riches. 
 7 
 
98 
 
 jESSON 18. 
 
 8. Some nouns in the plural have two forms; conveying 
 sometimes different, though kindred significations : 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 2)cr Tlam ; bte 9ftdnner, the men ; bie Gannett, the warriors, vassals. 
 1)k Sar.f ; bie 23anfe, the benches ; bie SBcmfen, the banks (of commerce). 
 
 2)a3 2Bort; bte 2Stirter, the words bte 23orte, the words (in construction), 
 (more than one) ; 
 
 9. There are in German many nouns which, like a few in 
 English, form their plural by changing the radical vowel, or by 
 adding another syllable : 
 
 Singular. 
 9flcmn, man ; 
 flinb, child; 
 £dm, tooth; 
 $u§, foot ; 
 
 Plural. 
 Scanner, men. 
 Stnber, children. 
 3af)ne, teeth, 
 gujje, feet. 
 
 Singular. 
 ©ruber, brother ; 
 2ftau3, mouse ; 
 ©and, goose ; 
 Dd)3, ox ; 
 
 Plural. 
 SBritber, brethren. 
 SSKaufe, mice, 
 ©anfe, geese. 
 Dd)fen, oxen. 
 
 10. Some nouns compounded with SUttttlt or ^ratt take in 
 the plural the form -Itutt, or the regular forms -maimer, 
 
 -frauen : 
 
 Sbemann, husband ; (Sbemcinncr, husbands ; ) ~, f . . , , 
 
 ~T- .. J< -   > St)eieute, married people. 
 
 (Epe frau, wife ; (£l)etrauen, wives ; ) 
 
 11. Some nouns taken from French or English retain their 
 original plural in : 
 
 ©ente, genius ; ©enteg, geniuses ; Jlhtbfe, club ; $M>b$>, clubs. 
 
 12. Some nouns are used, as in English, in only one number : 
 2)ct3 ©olb, the gold. 2)er 2Betj$en, the wheat. 
 
 ©in 9)aar £ofen, a pair of pantaloons. 2)ie Sttafern, the measles. 
 
 13. Some nouns are singular in one language and plural in 
 the other : 
 
 3>ic 5lfd)e if* $rijj. ©cr |>ofer ifl retf. 
 2)te <3d)ere tft rofltg. Die Bcmge tji 
 
 blanf. 
 3d) trage etne ©rifle. 
 $ennen <3te ben Snfyatt btefeS 33rie* 
 
 feS? 
 9ttan nmjjte tym fetnen £>anf fur feme 
 
 ©itte. 
 £>te 9J?oIfen ftnb fauer. 
 
 The ashes are hot. The oats are ripe. 
 The shears are rusty. The tongs 
 
 are bright. 
 I wear (a pair of) spectacles. 
 Do you know the contents of this 
 
 letter ? 
 No thanks were given him for his 
 
 kindness. 
 The whey is sour. 
 
IRREGULAR PLURAL OF NOUNS. 99 
 
 14. Nouns having both numbers often employ the singular 
 in one language, and the plural in the other : 
 
 Sltle fyafcen ben £ut auf bem $opfe. All have their hats on their heads. 
 
 2)?an trttt un3 nut $i\$m. We are trodden under foot. 
 
 3d) licfl mir geftern bie £aare fdjneibett. I had my hair cut yesterday. 
 
 2)a3 £eer {ft ge^ntaufenb Wlann ftctrf. The army is ten thousand men strong. 
 
 3tt)et £atf> S3rob unb ttier ®la$ 2Beirt Two loaves of bread and four glasses 
 
 (17.9.). of wine. 
 
 2>er Sifd) ift jttct ^up, ad)t 3otI Ijodj. The table is two feet, eight inches high- 
 
 SBteberljohutg. Recapitulation. 
 
 Neun und dreissigste Aufgabe. 
 
 1. Kommen Sie heute Mittag nach Hause 1 2. Nein, ich 
 muss Pferde kaufen, und kann deshalb nicht vor heute Abend 
 nach Hause kommen. 3. Wollen Sie mir etwas Seide geben % 
 4. Ja, und hier sind auch Nahnadeln. 5. Guttenberg war der 
 Erfinder der Buchdruckerkunst. 6. Lesen Sie ein Gedicht von 
 Gothe 1 7. Nein, ich lese die " Glocke " von Schiller. 8. Lesen 
 Sie gern (13. 7.) solche Gedichtel 9. Ja, ich lese sehr gern die 
 Gedichte von Schiller. 10. Wo haben Sie diese Biicher gekauftl 
 11. Ich habe sie gar (13. 2.) nicht gekauft ; Onkel Heinrich hat 
 sie mir geschenkt. 12. Diese Blumen riechen sehr gut. 13. 
 Haben Sie gern Blumen in Ihrem Schlafzimmer % i4. Nein, 
 denn die Ausdunstungen der Blumen bei Nacht sind sehr schad- 
 lich. 15. Warum schreiben Sie gar nicht an Ihren Bruder ] 
 16. Ich habe noch keine Zeit gehabt, ihm zu schreiben. 17. 1st 
 dieses Kind fleissig 1 18. Ja, dieses Kind ist sehr fleissig, aber 
 jenes lernt gar Nichts, weil (15. 8.) es sehr trage ist. 19. Der 
 Lammergeier gehort zu der Klasse der Raubvogel. 20. Luther 
 lebte vor fast vier Jahrhunderten. 21. Warten (10. 2.) Sie 
 schon lange auf rnich 1 22. Nein, ich warte erst wenige Minu- 
 ten. 23. Diese Frau schenkte meiner Schwester cinen Ball 
 und mir auch. 24. Sie haben mein Buch nicht, nicht wahr 
 (13. 3.)] 25. Nein, ich habe es nicht. 26. Der Honigsauger 
 oder Kolibri lebt von kleinen Insekten. 
 
100 
 
 LESSON 19. 
 
 Mtfon 19, 
 
 Lesson 19. 
 
 COMPOUND NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES, 
 
 Setfjuelc. 
 
 2J?ein fteitpferb ifl fofclfattarj. 
 Der ©tallfnedjt tfl gutmiit^tg. 
 Die tinblein finb mau3d)enfttfle. 
 (Stetnfo£)(cn finb fdwcr. 
 Die ©dnnalbe ijl ein 3ng»ogel. 
 Der 2Mf ifl ein ftaubuncr. 
 Der fmnb i)l ein £au£tfyier. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 My saddle -horse is coal black. 
 The hostler is good-natured. 
 The children are as still as mice. 
 Stone-coals are (coal is) heavy. 
 The swallow is a bird of passage. 
 The wolf is a beast of prey. 
 The dog is a domestic animal. 
 
 SBorterbcrjetdjmfe. 
 
 $er SUtflcinbcr, -$, pi. - foreigner. 
 
 Der a3iid)erfd)ranf, -3, pi. -fd)ranfe, 
 book-case. 
 
 Der $eta$ttf<$, -C$, pi. -friifcfye, plume. 
 
 Der ®ummiirterfd)uf), -e3, pi. -e, rubber 
 overshoe. 
 
 Der |>auptattsieliung$punft, -e3, pi. -e, 
 chief point of attraction. 
 
 Der Seidienroctgen, -3, pi. - hearse. 
 
 Der <Sd)rei6tifd), -e3, pi. -e, writing- 
 desk. 
 
 Der ttmfcfylag, -e$, pi. -fd)lage, cover 
 (of a book). . 
 
 Der SMbbaum, -e3, pi. -Hume, forest- 
 tree. 
 
 Der 3ucfcrat)orn, -3, pi. -e, sugar- 
 maple. 
 
 Sic 23liin)e, -, pi. -it, flower, bloom. 
 
 Die ©emal'befammlung, -, pL -en, col- 
 lection of pictures. 
 
 Die ©efunb'fyeit, - health, soundness. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Die $o\tf^k, - pi. -n, charcoal\^ ( ^£u4/ 
 
 2)ie £infidjt, - pi. -en, respect, 
 
 Die ilratle, -, pi. -n, claw. 
 
 %a§ 33riefpapier, -3, pi. -e, letter- 
 paper. 
 
 T)a$ 9ftai6Iumd)en, -3, pi. -, may- 
 flower. 
 
 DaS $acfpapier, -, pi. -e, wrapping- 
 paper. 
 
 DaS 9Bof)nJ)au$, -e3, pi. -pufer, dwell- 
 ing-house. 
 
 Srenncn, to burn, re = ur. p. 26. 
 
 Dekalb', therefore. 
 
 ©efrummt', crooked, hooked. 
 
 ®lodenfi)rmtg, bell-shaped. 
 
 Siegen, to lie. g = — . p. 27. 
 
 Suftbidjt, air-tight. 1) = t ; d) = gh. 
 
 ©d)dblid), injurious. 
 
 2Bafferbid)t, waterproof, watertight. 
 
 2Bunberfd)5n, wonderfully fine. 
 
 ' SHeqtgfte tofgaBc. 
 
 1. "Die ^ratten t>er 9tauBttjtere ftnb cjefritmmh 2, £)er Um* 
 fcfylag metne3 Sefebudje^ ifi son ftarfem ^aefpapter. 3. T>\t 33Iii* 
 tfyen t>e3 s D?atMiimd)en3 finb gletfenformicj. 4. 2Gir fyaben @d)reib^, 
 
COMPOUND NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. 101 
 
 53rief* unb $acfpapter gefauft. 5. Der 3"^ra^orn ift ein 2Batb* 
 baum. 6, 3ft ba£ 2B6rterfmd) in bent 23itd)erfd)ranf ? 7, Stfein, 
 bort liegt e3 auf bcm @d)reibtifd). 8. liefer SBlumengartcn ift 
 tr-unberfcfyon, nid)t ncifyt (13. 3.)? 9. Da3 $tnb fpielt unit feinem 
 £itnbd)en unb $a0d)en. 10. £)er Jtnabe gifct feinem ©ruber ein 
 Sogeldjen. 11. 3Diefe SSofynfyaufer fmb fefyr grog, 12. £ie 
 geber&iifdje an bem 2eidjenn?agen ftnb fofylfdwarj. 13. „ £)enn " 
 unb „ efye " ftnb 3>erMnbung3tt>5rter (3.). 14. „ gitr " unb „ ttor " 
 ftnb SSer()aUnign?5rter (3.). 15. 2£tr brennen gercofyntid) ©tein* 
 fo()Ien unb and) guweilen ^ol^o()len. 16. ©ummiitberfdntfye ftnb 
 n?ajferbid)t unb in biefer £tnftd)t gut, aBer fte ftnb and) luftbidjt unb 
 bes?f>alb ber ©efunbfyeit fjfyab.iid). 17. Die ©emalbefammlung in 
 9ftitnd)en ifi ein .^auptanjtefung^unft fitr-2lu3lanber. 18. SBenu 
 id) foldje $ferbe ^dttc (16. 5.), nritrbe (16. 6.) idj fte x>erfaufen. 
 
 Exercise 41. 
 
 1. Your writing-table is too high. 2. Writing-tables are 
 generally too low. 3. We have a sugar-maple tree between our 
 dwelling-house and our flower-garden. 4. Your dictionary is 
 in my book-case. 5. The claws and beaks of birds of prey are 
 crooked and strong. 6. My reading-book has a cover of wrap- 
 ping-paper. 7. Do you wish writing-paper or letter-paper? 
 8. Yonder lies your writing-book. 9. The word " for " is some- 
 times a preposition, sometimes a conjunction. 10. "Before" is 
 a preposition and also an adverb. 11. Almost every city in 
 Germany has a collection of paintings. 12. Have you rubber 
 overshoes] 13. I have no overshoes. 14. My neighbor Mr. 
 Knapp is an excellent bootmaker. 15. These mechanics were, 
 in our school-years, our school-mates. 16. These overcoats 
 are too heavy. 17. These forest-trees are dark green. 18. 
 The horse of the bookbinder is coal black. 19. The steam- 
 ships are new, the sail-ships are old. 20. A chief point of 
 attraction in Munich for foreigners is the great collection of 
 pictures. 21. Would you buy coal (coals), if you had (16. 5.) 
 wood enough 1 
 
102 
 
 LESSON 19. 
 
 ©rammcitfrijeS, 
 
 Grammatical 
 
 1. Diminutives are formed by suffixing to a noun the sylla- 
 ble i?jett or leitt. (Provincial forms are el, U, elicit.) They 
 usually take the umlaut, if capable of it, and are of the neuter 
 gender : 
 
 £>er glujj, the river ; ba3 fttitpctyen, the rivulet. 
 
 2) A3 £amm, the lamb ; ba$ £ammcf)cn, the lambkin. 
 
 2)er Rnahe, the boy ; bad ftnabkin, the little boy. 
 
 djcit often indicates affection or familiarity : 
 
 Steal, Charles ; 
 Sautter, mother : 
 
 $arld)en, Charley. 
 2tt utter d)en, dear mother. 
 
 2. 9Jiamtrf)Clt and SSetbdjett are used to indicate the gender 
 of animals for which there is but a single noun : 
 
 XXtf SBetbdjen »om Slbler. The female eagle. 
 
 £>ct3 SRctnncfyett son ber $oretfe. The male trout. 
 
 3. Words 
 
 are much more extensively compounded 
 
 I in Ger- 
 
 man than in English. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Compound 
 
 words are formed by a union of 
 
 
 
 1. nouns w 
 
 ith nouns : 
 
 
 
 
 
 £er ©ottmeifltr, 
 
 architect ; 
 
 ber SBau, 
 
 building : 
 
 ; tocrSRetffer 
 
 , master. 
 
 2)er 3)ampf feffel, 
 
 boiler ; 
 
 ber £>ampf, 
 
 steam ; 
 
 ber Iteffel, 
 
 kettle. 
 
 £>er Sljemamt, 
 
 husband ; 
 
 bie (£fje, 
 
 matrimo- 
 
 ber SDxcmn, 
 
 man. 
 
 2>er |>auptfefyler, 
 
 chief fault ; 
 
 ba$ |>aupt, 
 
 chief;[ny: 
 
 ; ber 8fe$cr, 
 
 fault. 
 
 <Der £elbenteb, 
 
 heroic death 
 
 ; ber #elb, 
 
 hero ; 
 
 ber Sob, 
 
 death. 
 
 £er £afd>enbiefc, 
 
 pickpocket ; 
 
 bie Safcfye, 
 
 pocket ; 
 
 ber £iefc, 
 
 thief. 
 
 Sic Sauhmff, 
 
 architecture 
 
 ; ber ©ait, 
 
 building ; 
 
 hit flunjl, 
 
 art. 
 
 Die SMeMfpradje, 
 
 cant ; 
 
 ber Diet, 
 
 thief; [ny ; 
 
 bie Spracfye, 
 
 , language. 
 
 2)ie (£()efrau, 
 
 wife ; 
 
 bie (Stye, 
 
 matrimo- 
 
 bie $rau, 
 
 woman. 
 
 £>ie ftlugelt&ur. 
 
 folding-door : 
 
 ; ber ftlugel, 
 
 wing ; 
 
 bk Sfyiire, 
 
 door. 
 
 5Dt£ CrbmmgSltefcc 
 
 '., love of order : 
 
 ; bieDrbnung 
 
 , order ; 
 
 bie Stefce, 
 
 love. 
 
 Sag @#ul$<ra3, 
 
 schoolhouse : 
 
 ; bie <Sd)ule, 
 
 school ; 
 
 fca§ ftatft, 
 
 house. 
 
 2)a$ ^aupttoort, 
 
 noun ; 
 
 ba£ £aupt, 
 
 head ; 
 
 ba$ 2Bort, 
 
 word. 
 
 £a$ SBcr6mbuii9«= 
 
 * conjunction ; 
 
 bie ©erbta' 
 
 conjunc- 
 
 ba$ SBort, 
 
 word. 
 
 ttwrt, 
 
 
 bung, 
 
 tion ; 
 
 
 
 £a$ 3fcr$atatij}« 
 
 preposition ; 
 
 ba$ ttor§filt» 
 
   relation ; 
 
 bat 2Bort, 
 
 word. 
 
 tooxt, 
 
 
 nip, 
 
 
 
 
COMPOUND NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. 
 
 103 
 
 2. nouns with adjectives 
 
 £cr gretbenfer, 
 £)cr gro&futn, 
 2)er ©ro&sater, 
 £>;r 9?eumonb, 
 £cr Scbbngeifl, 
 £ie ©rojjmutter, 
 2£>k ©uttfjat, 
 SDie Sungfrau, 
 Tie £angrc£tfe, 
 2)ie 3Re$rjtt$l, 
 ®a3 Sbelfrduletn, 
 2)ag greigut, 
 Dag gault&ter, 
 La$ 9tot)eifen, 
 Dag Spotty fdjtodngdjen, 
 
 freethinker ; 
 cheerfulness ; 
 grandfather ; 
 new moon ; 
 bel esprit ; 
 grandmother; 
 benefit ; 
 virgin ; 
 tediousness ; 
 plural ; 
 noblewoman ; 
 freehold ; 
 sloth ; 
 pig-iron ; 
 red-start ; 
 
 fret, free ; 
 feoff, glad ; 
 gro§, great ; 
 neu, new ; 
 f*on, beautiful 
 grofj, great ; 
 gut, good ; 
 jung, young ; 
 lang, long ; 
 meljr, more ; 
 ebel, noble ; 
 fret, free ; 
 faul, lazy; 
 rolj, rough ; 
 rotfy, red ; 
 
 oer Denfer, 
 ber ©inn, 
 ber SBctter, 
 ber 2tfonb, 
 ber ©etfr, 
 tltc Gutter, 
 tie Xfyat, 
 bte grau, 
 bte 2Betle, 
 bte 3af)I, 
 tJttS ftrdulem, 
 bag ©ut, 
 bag £ljter, 
 bag (Etfen, 
 bag <3d)iMngd)en, 
 
 thinker. 
 
 sense. 
 
 father. 
 
 moon. 
 
 spirit. 
 
 mother. 
 
 deed. 
 
 woman. 
 
 while. 
 
 number. 
 
 lady. 
 
 property. 
 
 animal. 
 
 iron. 
 
 little tail. 
 
 3. nouns with numerals : 
 
 Der Dretflang, 
 £>er Dretjacf, 
 £)er Stnftebter, 
 2)er 3rr*eifatter, 
 $ie Dreteimgfetr, 
 Xte Gtnobe, 
 Dtc (Stngu^t, 
 Xa§ ©inborn, 
 Dag 3ef>nccf, 
 Dag 3tt>etgefaann, 
 Dag 3rcetgefprad), 
 
 triad ; 
 trident ; 
 hermit ; 
 butterfly ; 
 trinity ; 
 desert ; 
 singular ; 
 unicorn ; 
 decagon ; 
 double-team ; 
 dialogue ; 
 
 bret, three ; 
 bret, three ; 
 ctn, one ; 
 gftet, two ; 
 bret, three ; 
 etn, one ; 
 em, one ; 
 ctn, one ; 
 ge^n, ten; 
 greet, two; 
 gtoet, two; 
 
 tier Mang, 
 ber 3acf, 
 ber (Stebler, 
 ber gaiter, 
 bte (Etntgfett, 
 bte Debe, 
 bte 341, 
 fea$ £orn, 
 bag <g<f, 
 bag ©efpann', 
 oai ©efprdd/, 
 
 sound. 
 
 dentel. 
 
 settler. 
 
 butterfly 
 
 unity. 
 
 desert. 
 
 number. 
 
 horn. 
 
 corner. 
 
 team. 
 
 conversation. 
 
 4. nouns with verbs : 
 
 $Cr Drefd)flegef, flail ; brefd)en, to thrash; oer gteget, 
 
 Der gabjtteg, carriage-way ; fafjren, to drive ; ber SBeg, 
 
 Dcv Stngttogel, singing-bird ; ftngen, to sing ; ber 23oget, 
 
 Die £dngebrucfe, suspension-bridge; fjdngen, to hang ; fote Sriicfe, 
 
 Die ^dbmafcfytne, sewing-machine ; nftfjen, to sew ; bte 5)?afd)t'ne 
 
 Die ©d)ie{iii6ung, target-practice ; fdjtefjen, to shoot ; bte itebung, 
 
 Die 2Barmeflafd)e, warming-bottle ; ttctrmen, to warm ; bte glafdje, 
 
 2)ag 2efebu&, reading-book ; lefen, to read ; M S3ud), 
 
 Dag <3d)reibpapter, writing-paper ; fcbretbett,to write ; bag papier', 
 
 Dag £rinfgcfdf5, drinking- vessel ; trinfen, to drink ; bag ©efdfe', 
 
 Dag SBafcfyttaffer, water for washing; ttafeben, to wash ; bag 2Bafier, 
 
 flail. 
 
 way. 
 
 bird. 
 
 bridge. 
 
 ,engine. 
 
 exercise. 
 
 bottle. 
 
 book. 
 
 paper. 
 
 vessel. 
 
 water. 
 
104 
 
 LESSON 19. 
 
 5. nouns with adverbs : 
 
 ®er $ortfd)Htr, progress ; 
 Der (gtnbrud), breaking in ; 
 
 Der £mgang, 
 Der |>erauage= 
 
 ber, 
 Der £erauafor= 
 
 bcrer, 
 $te £tnjtd)t, 
 
 Die $ernftd)t, 
 Die gortbauer, 
 Die £eimreifc, 
 Die £erteihmg, 
 $a£ gbenbtlb, 
 Daa Sbenmaap, 
 Daa gmtvofyr, 
 Daa grubftudf, 
 Daa £etmroe$, 
 
 going out ; 
 publisher ; 
 
 challenger ; 
 
 intelligence ; 
 
 prospect ; 
 continuation ; 
 return ; 
 derivation ; 
 image ; 
 symmetry ; 
 telescope ; 
 breakfast ; 
 homesickness : 
 
 fort, 
 cm (bin* 
 
 em), 
 *)m, 
 tyeraua', 
 
 f)eraua, 
 
 em (#jt* 
 
 ein), 
 fern, 
 fort, 
 Ijetm, 
 |ar, 
 eben, 
 eben, 
 fern, 
 
 m, 
 
 fjeim, 
 
 forth ; 
 in 
 
 (thither) ; 
 thither ; 
 out 
 
 (hither) ; 
 out 
 
 (hither) ; 
 in 
 
 (thither) ; 
 far ; 
 forth ; 
 home ; 
 hither ; 
 exact ; 
 equal ; 
 far ; 
 early ; 
 home ; 
 
 feer@d)ritt, step, 
 ber 23rud), breaking. 
 
 ber ©ang, 
 ber ©eber, 
 
 gait, 
 giver. 
 
 ber gorbercr, demander. 
 tlte Std)t, view. 
 
 bie <5id)t, 
 bie Dauer, 
 bte 9tetfe, 
 bie Setrung, 
 fcaS 5Bilb, 
 baa 9ftaaJ3, 
 baa dialjx, 
 baa ©tfttf, 
 baa 2Bef>, 
 
 view. 
 
 duration. 
 
 voyage. 
 
 leading. 
 
 picture. 
 
 measure. 
 
 pipe. 
 
 piece. 
 
 sickness. 
 
 6. nouns with prepositions : 
 
 $er luabau, 
 
 Der Slnflanb, 
 Der Durdjgang, 
 Der ftadjfolger, 
 Der 3Btberrottle, 
 Der Bufianb, 
 2>ic 2luan>a^l, 
 Die 3foflage, 
 "Die |>intert()ure, 
 Die 8&tf$ulerfa£ 
 Die Umftdrt, 
 Die 33orftd>t, 
 $tt3 5(ngefid)t, 
 Daa Seiroort, 
 Daa $itrroorr, 
 Daa ©egengtft, 
 Daa -£bbad>, 
 ^a^ 3nn'f*cnfinef ; 
 
 finishing of a 
 
 building ; 
 propriety ; 
 passage ; 
 successor ; 
 aversion ; 
 condition ; 
 election ; 
 edition ; 
 back door ; 
 school-mate ; 
 looking about ; 
 foresight ; 
 face ; 
 
 adjective ; 
 pronoun ; 
 counter-poison ; 
 shelter ; 
 interlude ; 
 
 aua, out 
 
 ber San, building. 
 
 an, 
 
 burd), 
 nad), 
 rotbcr, 
 
 W, 
 
 aua, 
 
 auf, 
 
 Winter, 
 
 ntit, 
 
 urn, 
 
 »or, 
 
 an, 
 
 bet, 
 
 fitr, 
 
 gegen, 
 
 ob, [en, 
 
 gttufd^ 
 
 on ; 
 
 through ; 
 after ; 
 against ; 
 at; 
 out ; 
 
 in; upon; 
 behind ; 
 with ; 
 about ; 
 before ; 
 on ; 
 by; 
 for; 
 
 against ; 
 over ; 
 within ; 
 
 ber (Stanb, 
 ber ©ang, 
 ber $o(ger, 
 ber Me, 
 ber ©tanb, 
 bte Waty, 
 bte Sage, 
 bte £f)itre, 
 bte ©d)u(crin, 
 bte <3td)t, 
 bie <Std)t, 
 bag ©cftd)t', 
 baa SSort, 
 baa tBort, 
 baa ©tffc, 
 baa 1)ad\ 
 baa ©ptel, 
 
 state. 
 
 way. 
 
 follower. 
 
 will. 
 
 state. 
 
 choice. 
 
 layer. 
 
 door. 
 
 scholar. 
 
 view. 
 
 sight. 
 
 sight. 
 
 word. 
 
 word. 
 
 poison. 
 
 roof. 
 
 play. 
 
COMPOUND NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. 105 
 
 4. The formation of compound adjectives is analogous to 
 that of nouns : 
 
 1 . adjectives with nouns : 
 
 Saumjiarf, very strong ; ber 23aum, tree ; ftarf, strong. 
 SWenfdjenfdjeu, bashful ; ber Sftenfdj, man ; fdjeu, timid. 
 
 2. adjectives with adjectives : 
 
 ^retimmg, liberal ; fret, free ; ftnrrig, sensible, 
 
 ©ropmiitfug, magnanimous ; grof}, great ; nutu)tg, spirited. 
 
 3. adjectives with numerals : 
 
 (Einfylfctg, monosyllabic ; em, one ; (fyHng). 
 Broeibeuttg, ambiguous ; $Wei, two ; (beutig)* 
 
 4. adjectives with verbs : 
 
 £)enffaui, intellectually indolent ; benfen, to think ; few!, idle. 
 ©tngutjltg, fond of singing ; • ftngen, to sing ; lufttQ, glad. 
 
 5. adjectives with adverbs : 
 
 3mmer£rim, evergreen ; tmmer, always ; grim, green. 
 Slblettbar, derivable; ah, away; (lettfcar). 
 
 6. adjectives with prepositions : 
 
 -^intcrltfttg, deceitful ; fjinter, behind ; IifKg, crafty. 
 
 33ortt>ij}ig, over-etrrimis ; vor, before ; roijMg, witty. 
 
 5. The 1st component of compound words has the primary 
 accent. In compound nouns the last word determines the 
 gender : 
 
 $cr 23tumengarteit, the flower-garden. 
 
 $ie ©artenblume, the garden-flower. 
 
 6. The following example is cited by Becker, as illustrating 
 the enormous extent to which the practice has been pushed, of 
 forming long compounds : 
 
 ®taat$fd)utbentttpng3faffenbu$t)alter. State-debt-extinction-fund-book-keeper. 
 
106 
 
 LESSON 20. 
 
 Mtkn 20« 
 
 Lesson 20. 
 
 DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Seifjitelc. 
 
 ©ute$ 9>apter ift fejr, afccr fefieG 9)apter 
 
 tfl ntc^t tmmer gut. 
 Die SBefte ijl son feiner <Seibe. 
 Die fhmtpfe 2irt n>irb ber serfian'bige 
 
 ^oljfjauer fd)Ieifen. 
 Die $arkn be$ neuen £eppid>e3 ftnb 
 
 fd>on. 
 Unfcr neuer 3Bagen ift em gu fdjrcereS 
 
 $uf>rtt>erf fur ein fo fleineS spferb. 
 <£r Ijat feine lefcte Slufgafre mit einer 
 
 alien $eber gefd)rieben. 
 3d) fyabe meine beiben Stufgakn gejlem 
 
 Slbenb gefd)rieben. 
 
 SSbrterDfrjct^nt^. 
 
 $tr gall, -e«, pi. Salle, case ; fall. 
 
 Der ©tacebanbfdntb,,-^, pl.-e, kid glove. 
 
 Der <Sammcl, -4, velvet. 
 
 Der ©altet, -$, pi. ©dtfel, saddle. 
 
 Der £epptd), -$, pi. -e, carpet. 
 
 Der SBertfy, -e£, value, worth. 
 
 Der SBunfd), — ed, pi. SBunftye, desire. 
 
 $te DeHination', - pi. -en, declension. 
 
 Die gimgfeit, -, unity, harmony. 
 
 Die ©tnjafyl, - the singular. 
 
 Die gnbung, - pi. -en, ending. u = i. 
 
 Die go$ne, -, pi. -n, Hag. 
 
 Die Setft&i&liot&ef, -, pi.- en, circulating 
 library. 
 
 Die Wtdma% -, plural (3aljT, tale). 
 
 Die <2latt, -, place ; stead, a = ea. 
 
 Die Bitro'ne, -, pi. -n, lemon. 
 
 $ttg SCbjcftttt, -3, pi. -e, adjective. 
 
 Da3 Silberbud),-e$,pl. -biidjcr, picture- 
 book. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Good paper is firm, but firm paper 
 
 is not always good. 
 The vest is of fine silk. 
 The judicious woodman will grind 
 
 the dull axe. 
 The colors of the new carpet are 
 
 beautiful. 
 Our new carriage is too heavy a 
 
 vehicle for so small a horse. 
 He wrote his last exercise with an 
 
 old pen. 
 I wrote both my exercises last night 
 
 (yesterday evening). 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Dag fltetb, -e£, pi. -er, dress. 
 
 Slnne^men, to take. 
 
 STuSgencmmen, except. 
 
 Der-, bte-, baffel'be, the same. 
 
 fteft, firm (fast, c = a). 
 
 ©ered)!', righteous, just, tfj = gh. 
 
 9tttfd)en, to mix. 
 
 <Sdd)ltd), neuter. 
 
 <3auerlid), sourish, ait = oil. 
 
 Sdjajjen, to estimate. 
 
 <2>d)enfen, to present ; to give. 
 
 ©efjnltd), longing, anxious. 
 
 ©tfiljlern, steel (made of). 22. 6. 
 
 Skrfnup'fen, to connect. 
 
 Skrldug'nen, to deny. 
 
 SBetbltd), feminine (wifely, fi = f). 
 
 SBeid), soft (weak, ei = ea ; dj = k). 
 
 2Bet^, white, ct = i ; fj = t. 
 
 SBeltburgerltd), cosmopolitan. 
 
 SBofylgefinnt, well-intentioned. 
 
DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES. 107 
 
 3toct unb btcrjtgftc tofgafic. 
 
 1. (£d)reiben @ic mit rotter ober mit fdjtuargcr Jmte ? 2. 3$ 
 fd>reibe roeber mit rotfyer, nod) mit fd)roar$cr, fonbern mtt blauer. 
 3. Der Sattet ift tton btdem, ftetfen (6.) gefcer. 4. giil)le tmmer 
 beinen eigenen SSertf), unb fd)a£e gerecfyt ben SBertl) anberer 
 5£enfd)en. 5. Slbjcftise ber alten Deflinatton fyaben biefclben 
 Gnbungen, rote btefcr, jc., ausgenommen, bag (15. 8.) bcr ©enititt 
 ber fiinjaf)! gcrootmlid) bie neuc gorm en, auftatt ber alten (13. 10.) 
 e£ anmmmt. 6. Sfaje&foe ber nencn Deflination enbigen im 9to= 
 minatio nnb bet bent roeiblicfyen nnb fad)ltcben @3efd)led)t tm 5lccu* 
 farb ber (Etttjabt in c ; in alien anberen fallen ift bie Snbttng n. 
 7. ^bjeftiye ber gemifd)ten Deflination enbigen im -ftominatto unl) 
 Slccufatto ber (Sin$al)l, roie 21bjefti»e ber alten; im ©emtitt nnb 
 Darb, nnc flbjeftfoe ber nencn. 8. Die (Subungen ber Slbjefttoe 
 in ber 9)(el)r$al)l ftnb : 3" ber alten Deflinarion im 9?ominatitt 
 nnb Slccufatio c ; im ©enitiu cr nnb im Datiu en ; in ber neuen 
 nnb gemifdjten Det'liuation in alien fallen en. 9. 3d) gefyc nad) 
 ber 2eibbioltotl)ef, urn (10. 7.) mir ben groeiten 23anb fcon denser* 
 Q3efd)id)te ber bentfd)en Sttcratur jn fyolen. 10. Der nene Xty* 
 pid) gcfallt (13. 8.) mir nid)t. 11. Diefer rctl)e Styfel ift gut, 
 aber Jener gelbe ift nod) (art 12. $>iefe$ frafylerne 9fteffer ift 
 fd)arf, jeneS ift ftumpf. 13. Der ©d)erenfd)leifer nurb baa ftumpfe 
 Sfteffer fd)lcifen. 14. 3d) l)a6e bie rotlje, bie roeifje nnb bie Mane 
 ©eibe |it ber gafync gefauft. 15. <5d)reiben <Sie mit bent nenen 
 53leiftift, ober mit ber alten gebcr § 16. 3d) fdjreibc mit bcr 
 nenen ^cbcr. 17. gur wen faufen Sie biefe neuen 33ilberbitd)er ? 
 18. 3d) faufe fie fur Jem ffcincn ^inber mctneS guten SftadVbarS, 
 bco #crrn $ckd. 19. (Sin lieber, alter greunb fyat mir em fd)6ne£ 
 beutfd)c3 33ud) gefd)enft. 20. 9fleine neuen <$lacet)anbfd)ul)e ftnb 
 nid)t gut. 21. ©eben @ie mir graue <2cibe gu einem neuen ^lleibe. 
 22. Die 3ttrone t)at cincn fauerlid)cn ©cfdjmacf unb einen ange* 
 neluncn ©erud). 23. (Bold) (5.) feiner (Samrnct unb fold) fcineS 
 1ud) ftnb foftbar. 24. Diefe betben (11.) gebern ftnb 3U fteid). 
 25. Das ®efcbaft mcincr beifcen Sritbcr ift in DrcSben. 26. 2llle 
 benfenben $opf* »erfnitpft jefct ein roeltburgerlid)e3 23anb. 27. 
 
108 LESSON 20. 
 
 (Sinigfeit tiortrefflidjer banner ift toofofgeftnntcr $rauen fefynlicfycr -V— 
 SGunfd). 28. Der Umfdjtag biefeS 23ncfye3 ift von altem, Maucn 
 (6.) ftopier. 29. gin gnt (7.) SBort finDet eine gute ©ta tt. 
 ©priidjwort. 30. Sr oefommt ®elt> oon feinem $ater, aber er ijat 
 letn eignes (13* 11. ). 
 
 Exercise 43. 
 
 1. We ure now having very warm, but not very pleasant 
 weather. 2. The miller buys good, heavy wheat, and sells 
 good flour. 3. I am writing with red ink ; he is writing with 
 blue. 4. The merchant buys fine velvet, fine silk, and fine 
 cloth. 5. Hard steel is not always good, but good steel is 
 always hard. 6. He has made the painter a vest of fine velvet. 
 7. I would (16. 6.) like (13. 7.) to buy blue cloth, but not 
 black. 8. Are you writing this long letter with the old pencil ] 
 9. No, I am writing it (2. 2.) with the new pen. 10. I have 
 the second volume of Menzel's History of German Literature. 
 11. Is this red apple ripe 1 ? 12. This ripe apple is not red; it 
 (2. 2.) is yellow. 13. This new carpet pleases me ; how do you 
 like (13. 8.) it 1 14. I do not like it at all. 15. These new 
 picture-books are for the little girls. 16. That good child is 
 helping (7. 6.) the poor old man. 17. A young man is some- 
 times an old friend. 18. Our old friend is a young painter. 
 19. A school-mate of ours (12. 7.) has a new pencil, a new pen, 
 and a new knife. 20. My white letter-paper is better than my 
 blue. 21. Our blue velvet is fine, but our black is not good. 
 22. We have no yellow silk and no good cloth. 23. Is your 
 new neighbor an old man % 24. He is neither a very old, nor a 
 very young one (13. 10.). 25. It w T as too heavy (11.) a 
 carriage for so small a horse. 26. My young brother has a 
 horse of his own (13. 11.). 27. My new kid gloves are too 
 large. 28. Your blue velvet and your black silk are not as 
 good as your red cloth. 29. Who gave (11. 4. and 6.) you 
 these beautiful books 1 30. My good friend, Mr. Ehrhard, gave 
 them to me. 
 
DECLENSION OP ADJECTIVES. 
 
 109 
 
 ©ramittttttfdje& 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. Adjectives in a predicative or adverbial use (1. 3.) are 
 undeclined : 
 
 (Er macfyte metne ©ttefel gu fletn. 
 @ic bacften tfyr ©rob ju braun. 
 2)er ©djmetterling fliegt langfam. 
 
 He made my boots too small. 
 They baked their bread too brown. 
 The butterfly flies slowly. 
 
 2. Adjectives, when placed before nouns (3. 1.) to in- 
 dicate a quality or attribute, are said to be used attribu- 
 tively, and have then three forms of Declension, called the 
 Old, the New, and the Mixed. When not preceded by a 
 modifying word (1. 2. ; 2. 1.), they are of the Old Declension ; 
 preceded by a gender-ending word (1. 2.), of the New Declension ; 
 and preceded by em, nteitt, &c. (2. 1.), of the Mixed Declension. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Good man. 
 N. gutter Wlatm. 
 G. gut-ed (en) SWannea. 
 D. gut«cm Sftamte. 
 A. gut*cn 3Jtonn. 
 
 The good dog. 
 N bcr gur»e |>unb. 
 0. bc3 gul»etl £unbea. 
 D bem gut*cn <£>unbe. 
 A. ben gut-en |>unb. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Feminine. Neuter. 
 
 Old Declension. 
 
 Good woman. 
 
 gut-C %x<xu. 
 
 gut*er ^rau. 
 
 gut»er $rau. 
 
 gut'C $rau. 
 
 G^oo^ child. 
 
 gut*cg $tnb. 
 gut*ea (en) fltnbeS. 
 gut-em Jltnbe. 
 gut*eS 5imb* 
 
 New Declension. 
 
 The good coio. 
 
 bie gut-e Stuf). 
 ber gut-en £ufj. 
 
 bcr gut-en .ftuf). 
 bie gut-e iutfy. 
 
 baa gut-e Samm. 
 bea gut-en Sammea. 
 bem gut-en Samme. 
 baa gut-e Samm. 
 
 Mixed Declension. 
 
 My good book. 
 mem gut«*$ 33ud). 
 
 My good hat. My good pen. 
 
 N. mete gut»er $uL metne gut-e ftebcr. 
 £. metnea gut«cn 6utc3.!mcinera,u:*en$cbcr. mcinea gut-en 23ucr/ea. 
 D. mctnem gut-en $ute. : meincr gut-en Qfeber. meincm gut-en 33ud)e 
 A. meinen gut-en £»t. I meine gut-e geber. mein gut-eS 23ud) 
 
 Plural. 
 All Genders. 
 
 Good. 
 gut-e. 
 
 gut-cr. 
 gut-en. 
 gm-e. 
 
 The good. 
 
 bie gut-en. 
 ber gu!-ett. 
 betigut-en. 
 bie gut-en. 
 
 My good. 
 metne gut-en. 
 metner gut-en. 
 metnen gut-en. 
 metne gut-en. 
 
110 LESSON 20. 
 
 3. Adjectives after the plurals of after, etrtiger, ettidjer, matt= 
 cfyer, folder, writer, and fein (1. 2.; 2. 1.), and also after anbere, 
 etiijehie, mefyre (or mefyrere), Stele, and wenta,e, usually follow the 
 Old Declension in the nominative and accusative, and sometimes 
 in the genitive : 
 
 Norn. 9We gute (or guten) fWenfdjcn. All good men. 
 
 Gen. Slflcr guten (or guter) 2flenfd)cn. Of all good men. 
 
 Norn, Slnbere gute (or guten) greunbe. Other good friends. 
 
 Gen. Sfnberer guten (or guter) $reunbe. Of other good friends. 
 
 4. Exceptionally the adjective is found in the Old form after 
 afier, eintijer, etlid)er, mandVr, fold)er, and wtlfytx, and in the 
 New form after dicier, wcntgcr, anfcerer, and some perfect par- 
 ticiples not preceded by a modifying word : 
 
 SWancfyer armcr (arme) SBtotm. Many a poor man. 
 
 golgenbcr furje (furjer) &ttfTa$. The following short essay. 
 
 5. The adjective, when preceded by the abbreviated form 
 tUtlttd), fold), UJCld), assumes the usual gender-endings of those 
 words : 
 
 SKand) gutter SWann ; instead of ) 
 
 W<m$*tt gut^-e Warm. \ Man ^ a S ood man - 
 
 <£ofd) grob^eS £ud) ; instead of 
 
 , Such coarse cloth. 
 Sol<$*e« grot^e £ud). 
 
 SBeld) f$5n*e$ Setter; instead of ) „„ ,,.,/, 
 
 an. u a m on « i > what (which) beautiful weather. 
 
 SBcldnS |d)on^e 2Better ! ) 
 
 6. Where several adjectives in the dative qualify the same 
 noun, all but the first often take, for euphony's sake, U instead 
 of m : 
 
 23on fd)onettt, gefunbett, frafttgett S3au. Of beautiful, healthy, strong build. 
 Sflit flarettt, retnen, fatten Suffer. ' With clear, pure, cold water. 
 
 7. Adjectives, though used attributively, are sometimes not 
 inflected, and never, when following the noun and not preceded 
 by the article : 
 
 Silan SRotanb. S3aar ©elb. Little Roland. Ready money. 
 
 S3iel 3Renf$ett, ft'alt Saffer. Many men. Cold water, 
 
 ©in od)to£, fo Ijod) unb Ijefyr. A castle so high and sublime. 
 
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 8. (&in, used with folcfyer, precedes it ; when used with fold) 
 (abbreviated torm), ctlt follows it : 
 
 Sin foldjer Wlam, or fold) ein ?D?ann. Such a man. 
 
 9. When foldjcr is preceded by cm, an adjective following it 
 is of the Mixed Declension : 
 
 (Sin foldjer alter SBein. Such an old wine. 
 
 10. dttt preceding jebtr does not admit of translation : 
 
 ©erooijne bid) cine jebe <St)loe eitteS ieben Accustom yourself to pronounce every 
 8Jortc3 beutlid) aufyufprecfyen. syllable of every word distinctly. 
 
 11. An article or a pronoun, used with Bctbc, jjafli, ffl, and 
 
 $U, precedes them : 
 
 £iefreiben33iid)er. Sfteine kiben 23ud)cr. Both the books. Both my books. 
 (Sine fyalbe Stunbe. Sine ju fd)tt>ere Cafr. Half an hour. Too heavy a load. 
 Sin fo fleiner 2Bagen. So .small a carriage. 
 
 Mtion 21. 
 
 Lesson 21. 
 
 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 
 
 ©eifjuefe. 
 
 £aS fattefte SSetter fommt genw&nlicty 
 
 fpatcr, at$ ber fiirjefte £ag. 
 Die gvDptcn (Stable finb nid)t bie an* 
 
 a,ene(nnften 2Sot)norte. 
 Die foftbarften 2Baaren finb nid)t immcr 
 
 bie tfjeuerften. 
 3e i>cvbcrMtd)cr bie SBaffcn, befto fitrjer 
 
 bie .firiea,e. 
 gfl roirb rr>oI)t nod) I)eute reanen. 
 Urn fc (or befto) oeffer fur un$. 
 ftriebrid) ber @ro§e fdjicfte ©eora, SSaflj* 
 
 inaton ein ©cfyrocrt mit ber folgenben 
 
 3nf*vift: 3?om alteften (General in ber 
 
 SBelt bent grij&ten. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The coldest weather generally comes 
 later than the shortest day. 
 
 The largest cities are not the most 
 agreeable places of residence. 
 
 The most expensive goods are not 
 always the dearest. 
 
 The more destructive the weapons, 
 the shorter the wars. 
 
 It will probably rain yet to-day. 
 
 So much the better for us. 
 
 Frederick the Great sent George 
 "Washington a sword with the 
 following inscription : From the 
 oldest general in the world to 
 the greatest. 
 
( ' ,L 
 
 / / 
 
 112 
 
 <Xs 
 
 LESSON 21. 
 
 SBorterDerjeidjnife. 
 
 %tX Slldiemtfr', -en, pi. -en, alchemist. 
 
 Der gelbfyerr, -n, pi. -n, commander- 
 in-chief. 
 
 Der glu§, -e3, pi. glitffe, river. 
 
 Der $riil)ling, -3, pi. -c, spring. 
 
 Der £errfd)cr, -3, pi. -, rnler. 
 
 Der -pumicr, - hunger. 
 
 Der $od), -e3, pi. £brte, cook. dj=k. 
 
 Der Sdmce, -3, snow. fc^ = s; CC = OW. 
 
 StC ©aufunft, -, architecture. 
 
 Die Domfird)e, -, pi. -n, cathedral. 
 
 Die (£cfe, - pi. -n, corner ; edge. 
 
 Die 3at)vc3jctr, - pi. -en, season. 
 
 Die itettenbrutfe, -, pi. -n, chain-bridge. 
 
 Die $rteg$flagge, -, pi. -n, war-flag. 
 
 Die SJcctrt'nc, -, pi. -n, navy. 
 
 Die Sttirte, - middle. 
 
 Die s 3)orjelIan'fabrif, -, pl.-cn, porcelain- 
 factory. 
 
 Die 2Bind)briicfe, -, Winch-bridge. 
 
 2)ttS ©auroerf, -3, pi. -e, building. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 DaS $5nt<n-eid), -e<?, pi. -e, kingdom. 
 
 DaS $reug, -ed, pi. -e, cross. 
 
 DaS SDcetftcrftucf', -$, pl.-e, master-piece. 
 
 DaS Sflerati', -3, pi. -e, metal. 
 
 DaS ©pritcfyroort, -3, pi. -sorter, proverb. 
 
 3lboI^, -4, Adolphus. 
 
 Slltbeutfd), ancient German. 
 
 23eru()mt', celebrated. 
 
 (Eitel, conceited, vain (idle, t = d). 
 
 Stfern, iron, ci = i ; f = r. 
 
 ® eltebt', beloved. 6^v;t = d;iC-0. 
 
 ©cfd)icft', skilful. 
 
 ©ritnben, to found ; ground. ii = OU. 
 
 ©uftas, -3, Gustavus. 
 
 Dbere, upper. 
 
 $reu§ifd), Prussian. 
 
 <3ctd)fen, -3, Saxony. 
 
 <Scb>eben, -3, Sweden, fdj = s. 
 
 Sapfer, brave (dapper, t=d; Jlf =pp). 
 
 2Bid)tig, important, weighty, dfj — gb.. 
 
 Sien, -3, Vienna. 
 
 fSitv mtb irierjigfie $ufgak. 
 
 1. Berlin' if* je£t groger, <iU 2Bten. 2. Berlin ift Je£t etne 
 grijgere <Btabt, al3 SBieru 3. 23erlin ift bie grogte Stabt in 
 £>entfd)lanb. 4. £)te erfte ^orgetlanfabrtl in (Suro'pa griinbete ber 
 2Ud>emift 336ttger in 9J?ei£en im -ilomgreid) (17. 9.) <2ad)fen. 
 5. 9fteigen ift eine ber alteften @tdbte ©adjfens. 6. £>a3 beriH)m* 
 tefte 23aun?erf in 9ftetfjen ift bie £>omftrd)e, etn 9fteifterftucf alt* 
 beutfd)er 53auhmft. 7. Die altefte ^ettenbriicfe ift tie 2Bind)- 
 britcfe in (Snglanb. 8, £nnger ift ber befte ^od). @prnd)mort 
 9. ®uftas 2tbo(pl), @d)n?eben3 gro§ter .ftontg, wax ber getiebtefte 
 £errfd)er, ber gefd)icftefte gelbfyerr nnb ber tapferfte ©olbat feinea 
 3a()rl)nnberti3. 10. £>iefer 9#ann ift ettler, aU fetn 33rnber ; er 
 ift ein e.ttlerer 9#ann, aU fetn Srnber. 11. 3e fd)ir>erer bie 2lnfc 
 gabe ift, befto flei^tger mn§ ber ©d)iUer fein. 12. D)er Sftyetn ift 
 ber nndjtigfte glng D)entfd)ianb$. 13. £)er Dtamant ift garter, 
 
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. d ' 113 
 
 aU ba3 atfcrtnirtcftc (f) detail. 14. feclc&e 3a$rt$3«it ift 3*)nen 
 am anantefymften ? 15, £>er grilling ift mir tie angenefymfte 
 3cj()rc^eit 16. 3n toetdjer 3<*$*c*$tit ftnb bie lage am (G.) 
 langften ? 17. SBann fyabtn toir ba3 faftefte better? 18. 28amt 
 ftnb bie 9?ad)te am furjejhn? 19. 3e l>i>t>er ber ©d)nee Itegr, urn 
 fo beffer gefaflt e3 ben $inbern. 20. liefer 33erj5 ift fjocfy, letter 
 ift fyofyer, unb ber Maue bort ift am fyocbften. 21. $)tef*S ift ein 
 fcfyoneS ($emalbe, jenes ift ein fcfyonereg, nnb bal gro§te bort ift ba$ 
 fdjonfte oon alien. 22. Die $ricgsfiaga,e ber preuf ifdjen Marine 
 ift »etjj mit einem ftf>rcar$en Slbler in ber ^J^itte unb bem Stfernen 
 ^reu3 in ber oberen (Scfe. 
 
 Exercise 45. 
 
 1. Where is the largest city in Germany 1 2. Vienna is a 
 smaller city than Berlin. 3. When have we the warmest 
 weather 1 4. What season of the year is the (6.) most agree- 
 able 1 5. The warmest pleases me the (6.) best. 6. The best 
 cook often visits the poorest families. 7. Gustavus Adolphus 
 was the most celebrated man of his century. 8. The bravest 
 soldier is not generally the most skilful commander. 9. In 
 what season of the year is the snow the (6.) deepest 1 10. The 
 snow is sometimes deeper in the springy. than in the winter; 
 but it is generally the (6.) deepest in the winter. 11. The 
 Danube is the most important river in Austria. 12. The 
 shortest day and the longest night are in the last month of the 
 year. 13. The more (13.) one has to do, the more industrious 
 must one (15. 5.) be. 14. Which of the pictures is the most 
 beautiful] 15. This is more beautiful than that; but the 
 most beautiful of all (7.) is the smallest one (13. 10.) yonder. 
 16. The (13.) longer the days, the shorter the nights. 17. 
 The diamond is harder than the hardest steel. 18. The deeper 
 the snow is in the winter, the greener the grass (8. 4.) is in the 
 spring. 19. The pleasantest weather often comes after the- 
 most unpleasant. 20. The hardest steel is less hard than the 
 diamond. 
 
114 LESSON 21. 
 
 ©rammattfdjd. Grammatical 
 
 1. Adjectives are compared by adding to the Positive degree 
 cr, to form the Comparative, and eft, or ft p to form the Super- 
 lative : 
 
 Positive. Comparative. Superlative. 
 
 milt), mild; milt^er, milder; mUt^eft, mildest 
 fein, fine ; fein=er, finer ; fetn-fr^ finest. 
 
 The endings el, ett, tt drop the e in the comparative (7. 2. ett4e, &c.) : 
 
 ettel, vain ; ett4 s Cr, vainer ; tittUft, vainest. 
 
 ebCtt, even ; eb^er, evener ; eben*ft, evenest. 
 
 bitter, bitter ; bitt^er, bitterer ; bttter*fi, bitterest. 
 
 2. The positive, when ending with a lingual, forms the 
 superlative by adding eft ; with other consonant-endings, it 
 adds only ft : 
 
 fit§, sweet ; fitter, sweeter ; fufceft, sweetest, 
 
 tout, loud ; tourer, louder ; laut*eft, loudest, 
 
 fiolb, kind ; $olb*er f kinder ; $olb*eft r kindest, 
 
 berb, firm ; berb^er, firmer ; berb^ft, firmest, 
 
 ret*, rich ; reiser, richer ; reid)=fi, richest, 
 
 fteif, stiff ; jtetf^er, stiffer ; jletf-ft, stillest. 
 
 Rein, small ; fletn^er, smaller ; f(eiu=jt, smallest, 
 
 la&m, lame ; U$m*tt, lamer ; toljm^fl, lamest. 
 
 3. When the positive ends in an accented vowel-sound, it 
 adds either eft or ft in the superlative. A few, in unaccented e, 
 add only r in the Comparative, and ft in the Superlative : 
 
 freb, glad ; frob^er, gladder ; frob^eft (or f}), gladdest, 
 
 fret, free ; fret^cr, freer ; fret^eft (or ft), freest, 
 
 ttetfe, wise ; toetfe-f, wiser ; roetfe-=fl, wisest, 
 
 bofe, bad ; bbjVr, worse ; bbfe^fi, worst. 
 
 4. In Adjectives of one syllable &, fl, U usually take the 
 
 umlaut : s 
 
 alt, old ; dither, older ; dtt^eft, oldest. 
 
 gro§, large ; grower, larger ; §vb$*tft (or grip), largest, 
 
 fur,}, short ; flir^er, shorter ; fitr^efl, shortest. 
 
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 115 
 
 5. The following Adjectives are of irregular comparison : 
 
 gut, good ; Differ, better ; fief}, best. 
 
 Ijod), high ; pfjer, higher ; pdjft, highest. 
 
 nal>e, near ; ttftfcr, "nearer ; nod) fit, nearest. 
 
 »tel, much ; IttCljr, more ; tttCtft, most. 
 
 $0dj, as in the comparative pfjcr, drops the c in the positive, when used 
 attributively : 
 
 2)er Oitgi tft em (joljer 23erg.. The Rigi is a high mountain. 
 
 6. Instead of the regular form of the superlative, preceded 
 by the article, the dative, preceded by am (an bent), is often 
 used : 
 
 2)te Sage ftnb tm (in bem) SSinter attt The days are the shortest in the 
 
 Ftirgejien. winter. 
 
 SBantl liegt ber (Sconce ttltt f)od)ftett ? When is the snow the deepest ? 
 
 £er 9(Mcr f(tegt ttttt f)5d)jlen unb Oltt The eagle flies the highest and the 
 
 fdmeUften. swiftest. 
 
 7. To the superlative the genitive plural aUtt is often 
 
 prefixed : 
 
 (£3 tft bag aflerkfle or am aUttkfon. It is the best of all. 
 (Em tttterltefrfteS Sliab, A most lovely child. 
 
 8. The superlative is used absolutely in its simplest form 
 when compounded with the suffix eit£, and when preceded by 
 piVX (}tt bent) or tm (tit bem) in the dative, or emfS (auf bag) in 
 the accusative neuter : 
 
 <£r grufct pfltdjfl. i--'_ 
 
 ft grufn aufg ftoftiififfc. j He 8 reets most P olltely ' 
 
 (Er ifj ntetjteitS in #aufe. He is mostly at home. 
 
 ^ fcelajtigt mid) nidjt tltt QertngftCtt. It does not burden me in the least. 
 
 9. An Adverb or Adjective, in the positive degree, is often 
 preceded by a positive or superlative : 
 
 Gr if! unftCiuein Mfltd). He is uncommonly polite. 
 
 ©r griigt ungemcitt fyofltdj. He greets uncommonly politely. 
 
 2)a3 ©lid) tit aufjcrfi uttereffaitt. The book is extremely interesting. 
 
116 LESSON 22. 
 
 10. Two qualities of the same object are compared (as in 
 English) by using an adverb with the adjective in its simple form : 
 
 (Er ift meljr tajlfer, al« f(ltg. He is more brave than prudent. 
 
 (£r ift toniigtr tttjlfcr, aU f(U0. He is less brave than prudent. 
 ©c ift e&cnfo tttjlfer, oU flug. He is as brave as prudent. 
 
 11. Adjectives, in all degrees of comparison, are subject to 
 the same rules of declension. 
 
 12. Participles, when used adjectively, follow the same rules 
 of comparison and declension as the adjectives, except that they 
 omit the umlaut, and add, in the superlative, ft instead of eft : 
 
 <£in riif)rcnt)Crc§ @d)aufptet. A more touching spectacle. 
 
 2)ag TUljrfnfofite <5d)aufptet. The most touching spectacle. 
 
 13. With je — JC, JC — fcefite, or je — um fo, the verb 
 which follows the second comparative precedes the subject : 
 
 3e langer, je liefcer. The longer, the better. 
 
 $t l)5^er man ftcf)t, fcefio tiefer fann The higher one stands, the lower 
 
 man fallen. one can fall. 
 
 3e efyer cr fommt, ttttl fo XteOer ift eg The sooner he comes, the better I 
 
 mtr. 
 
 like it. 
 
 Mtion 22. Lesson 22. 
 
 ADJECTIVES USED SUBSTANTIVELY. DERIVATIVE ADJECTIVES. IDIOMS. 
 
 SBctfJude. Examples. 
 
 2)em ® IM tidjen fd)lagt feme ©tunbe. The happy notes not the flight of time. 
 
 2)er SBeife Perbinbet tag 9?u£lid)e mit The wise (man) combines the useful 
 
 bem Slngene&men. with the agreeable. 
 
 3ener gd)t l)dufiger in bie ©tabt, alg That (one) goes to the city more 
 
 biefer. frequently than this (one). 
 
 Xiefer fprtdjt am lauteften. This one speaks the loudest. 
 
 2)er ©liiif lidje Ijat gut reben. The prosperous may well declaim. 
 
 <3ie tyafcn tyn um fein ©etb gebrad)t They have deprived him of his money. 
 
 3n 2)eutfri)lanb g,efiraud)t man meiftcng In Germany, Reaumur's thermometer 
 bag $eaumur ; fd)e, in $ranfreid> bag is principally used ; in France, that 
 Seifiug'f^e unb in ©noknb bag %$* of Celsius ; and in England, Fah- 
 renheit^ Sfyermometer. renheit's. 
 
ADJECTIVES USED SUBSTANTIVELY. 
 
 ir 
 
 SSorter&erjctdjnife. 
 
 $er ©runb, -e$, pi. ©riinbe, foundation. 
 2)er 3ugang, -$, pi. -gange, admission. 
 £er Sutritt, -d, admittance. [look. 
 $te Sludftcftt, - pi. -en, prospect, out- 
 Die 3ufrie'benf)ett, -, contentment. 
 5Dtt$ @liicf, -e3, happiness (luck). 
 2>te Gltern, -, parents. 
 (Elenb, miserable. 
 (Snben, to finish, end. 
 Grfdutt'tcrn, to shatter, it == a, 
 <£ntfd)lof fen, determined. 
 Sromnten, to profit, avail, 
 ©eftat'ten, to allow, grant 
 £ci% holy, ei = o ; g = y. 
 9Jeibtfd>, envious. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 9?ennen, to call, name. 
 fttytty, useful. 
 3>raftifd», practical. 
 <3d)elntifd), roguish. 
 <5d)etnen, to seem (shine, frfj = 
 <Sd)tt)ad), feeble, weak. 
 SiinMiaft, sinful ((Sitnbc, sin). 
 Unentk^r'ltd), indispensable. 
 Unmog'ltd), impossible. 
 Untergra'fcn, undermine. 
 Uiwcrganglid), imperishable. 
 ttntt>a&rfd&einlidj, improbable. 
 Corbet', past. 
 ,3agfjaft, despondent. 
 BttKWtaifl, twenty, o = e ; } = t 
 
 sh). 
 
 <Scdj§ unb tJtcrjigftc ^ufgafce. 
 
 1. D*r 9Zctbifct>e (or ein 9Mbifd)er) ift etn (Henbcr. 2. 9?eibt= 
 fdje (or bte 9teU>tfd>en) fint) (Etenbe. 3. $)a$ &d)'6m tft bem 
 9Jiettfd)en angenebm unt) folglidj ttmnf$en$tt>ert§ j ba3 sftiijjlidje 
 unb $raftifd)e tft tfym unentbefyrlid). 4. $dfM mug mit 33bfem 
 ettben. 5. graulein Stata'Ue fyat jum 33eften ber 21rmen gefungen. 
 G. Der (Sdjelmifdje ijat un$ gum 23eften. 7. s JMl)erc3 (or ba£ 
 9taf)ere) (3.) faun er 3bnen fagen. 8. 21lte (or bie 2flten) tteben 
 bas Sllte ; 3"nge (or bie 3ungcn) fud)en gem ba3 Sfteue. 9. (Er 
 fingt gut, fte ftngt beffer, uub ©ie fingen am beften. 10. SMefe 
 (9cfdjid)te tft f)od)ft una>a^rfd)etulid). 11. @r tft l)od)jten$ sroangig 
 3iU)ve alt. 12. (Er tvoljnte langer, aU (8.) gefyn 3<*t)re fyier, aber 
 cr woljnt uid)t ntet)r bier. 13. $3tr ^aben tt)u nocb (13. 6.) ntd)t 
 befucfyt. 14. Wan futbet T)eutfd)e in ben meiften amerifantfd)en 
 ©tabten. 15. 2Bir l)aben beutfd^e unb lateimfd)c 23ud)er »er!auft. 
 1G. (Er tft tttel junger, aU fein 33ruber. 17. $al)ren£)eit pax etn 
 Deutfcfyer. 18. Dent (Entfcfytoffenen tft mand)e Arbeit leicfyt, toelcfye 
 bem 3«9^ften fd)n?ierig fd)eint. 19. 9htr ba3 ©rofje, (&ute unb 
 ©cfyime, o 9)?enfd), fei bir fycUtg ! nur bem ltoerganglid)en geftatte 
 Bugang in betn £erj ! 20. 2Ba3 fromnit e3 bir aud), bent UnfyetU- 
 
118 LESSON 22. 
 
 $en nnb ©itnbtjaften 3utritt in betn iperj gu fleftatten, ha nnr bte3 
 aUettt beine Bufriebenfyett untergrabt, ben ©rnnb beines ®tiicfe3 
 erfcfyiittert nnb nm bie 2Ut$ftd)t be3 £immels bid) Bringt? 
 
 Exercise 47. 
 
 1. No envious man is contented. 2. The envious are their 
 own enemies. 3. The poor man is often more contented than 
 the rich one (13. 10.). 4. Many a rich man lives more con- 
 tented than many a poor man. 5. These Germans like to read 
 English books. 6. Many an American can say " My father 
 was a German," " My parents were Germans." 7. The beauti- 
 ful is good, the useful is indispensable. 8. When one is learn- 
 ing a foreign language, one generally Understands more than 
 one can speak. 9. We resided more than twenty years in our 
 old house, but we do not reside in it any longer. 10. Our 
 German neighbor sings well, and plays still better than he 
 sings. 11. The old and the feeble are often more contented 
 than the young and the strong. 12. The miserly man is a 
 miserable man. 13. The old (3.) is generally agreeable to the 
 old (persons). 14. The new is generally agreeable to the 
 young. 15. A good scholar reads better than he speaks. 16. 
 The timid fear before the danger, the cow T ardly in it, the 
 courageous after it. 17. The diligent man accomplishes w 7 hat 
 the indolent one considers impossible. 18. That beautiful time 
 is long past. 
 
 ©rammattfdjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 1, Adjectives and Participles are often used substantively, 
 where in English they are followed by a noun (use of capital 
 initials, p. 21) : 
 
 £)er SSftiibe mu§ ruljen. The tired (man) must rest. 
 
 S)iefer 2)entfd)e ift em ©elefyrter. This German is a learned man. 
 
 SJtefer ©elef)rte tfl etn £eutfd)er. This learned man is a German. 
 
 1)tefe (Sdngcrin iji eine 2)eutfd)e. This singer is a German. 
 
ADJECTIVES USED SUBSTANTIVELY. 
 
 119 
 
 2. Adjectives, used as nouns and referring to persons, often 
 omit the article in the plural, but never in the singular : 
 
 T>k Stolgen ftnb tfeoridjt. 
 
 SUte kaudjen ttentger <Sd)laf, aid 
 
 3unge. 
 £er 2Betfefte ttcip ntdjt Silled. 
 
 The proud are foolish. 
 
 (The) old need less sleep than (the) 
 
 young. 
 The wisest (man) does * not know 
 
 everything. 
 
 3. Adjectives, as in English, are used as abstract nouns 
 those denoting a language or a color, often without inflection : 
 
 2) ad <Sd>5ne, rote bad SRufclitye, ifl un= 
 
 ferer SBUbung unent&efyrltdj. 
 (Er fprtd)t etn reined 2)eutfdj. 
 2Btr fcerounberten bad fafttgc ©run btefer 
 
 Biefen. 
 (Ed ifi ifym etn Setdjted. 
 (£r fam »or iturgem. 
 UnHfltgeS trirfigt fetn ebled £evg. 
 Raftered (comparative of nafye) faun 
 
 id) 3$iten ntd)t faacn. 
 D$ne SBeitcrcd (comparative of ttett). 
 
 The beautiful, (as) like the useful, 
 is indispensable to our education. 
 
 He speaks a pure German. 
 
 "We admired the fresh green of these 
 meadows. 
 
 It is an easy (thing) for him. 
 
 He came a short time ago. [dures. 
 
 (What is) unjust, no noble heart en- 
 
 I can not give you the (nearer) par- 
 ticulars. 
 
 Without further ado. 
 
 1. After cttt>a§, tO&§, and litd)t$, adjectives used as abstract nouns take 
 the Old Form ; the pronominal words being written with small initials 
 (54. 12.) : 
 
 <Sie fpred)en tton etmad 9f euem. 
 gBad kfcn ©te 9?eued ? 
 <£r fajjt ntd)td <£d)led;te3. 
 
 You speak of something new. 
 What have you new ? 
 He says nothing bad. 
 
 2. The superlative SBcfJe often answers to good, benefit, &c, and with 
 ija&ftt or fjalteit indicates to fool, excite merriment, to dupe, &c. : 
 
 Sd ifl fur* (fur bad) aflgemetne S3cffc. 
 Stcben 3te gu meincm SBeficn ! 
 3um (gu bcm) SBcften ber 5Trmen. 
 ©to m$ etn £teb gum JBcfJcn ! 
 (Sr Ijat tfm gum Seflen. 
 SBotycr »ci§t bit, ba§ id) iljn ntd)t gum 
 
 Seftett ^abc r — ba§ id) ntd)t eud) 
 
 Me gum SSefien $abe ? 
 
 It is for the general good. 
 
 Speak for my benefit (in my interest) ! 
 
 For the benefit of the poor. 
 
 Give us a song for entertainment I 
 
 He is rallying (making fun of) him. 
 
 How (whence) do you know, thet I 
 
 am not duping him, — that I am 
 
 not duping you all ? 
 
120 LESSON 22. 
 
 4. Adjectives are formed from proper names by means of the 
 suffix tfd) : 
 
 £>er preufnfcbe Scaler tft gletd) jtr»ci unb The Prussian dollar is equal to seven- 
 ftebgtg GcntS amertfantfcben @etbe3. ty-two cents of American money. 
 
 2>on ber Inteimfcben <3prad>c ftnb bie From the Latin language the Ro- 
 rontanifcbcn 3pracfyen abgelettet. manic languages are derived. 
 
 £>te ^ijlmfdje Bcttung tft etne ber bejten The Cologne gazette is one of the 
 in £eutfcblanb. "best in Germany. 
 
 3m SBttEettfkin 1 f<$en Eager. In Wallenstein's camp. 
 
 Die £utf)e'rifd)e (or lutberifdje) ilird)e. The Lutheran church. 
 
 5. Words formed as nouns by suffixing cr to the names of 
 cities, are often used undeclined as adjectives : 
 
 £>er ilrontfmler ober 33rabcmter Scaler The Crown dollar or Brabant dollar 
 
 ijt gteid) etnem Scaler jefyn (£ent<3 is equal to one dollar ten cents 
 
 amertfanifcb. American. 
 
 3n bent ©trapburger 2>otn. In the Strasburg cathedral. 
 
 £>te £anau=*33ebracr Stfenbafjn. The Hanau and Bebra railroad. 
 
 6. Adjectives denoting material are formed by suffixing to 
 nouns n, ctt, CM. With the last forms the radical vowel takes 
 the umlaut, if capable of it : 
 
 lebern (yon geber) ; golben (son ©olb) ; ^oljern (son £otg). 
 
 leathern (of leather) ; golden (of gold) ; wooden (of wood). 
 
 7. Adjectives are formed from some adverhs by suffixing tfl : 
 
 2)orti0, of yonder place. %i%\% of the present time. •SpeuttfJ, of to-day. 
 £aftg, of that place. £tefijj, of this place. £>amctlig, of that time. 
 
 8. Gittcl and fttUfcr, when used adverbially, are rendered by 
 all, nothing but, mere ; mcljr, often by longer; Idltgcr ttl§, by 
 more than; Ittltgcrc Qctt (or Idltgcr in the same sense), by 
 some time, a considerable time ; the superlative I ft It fl ft, by a long 
 time, long ago; jihtgft, by recently, lately ; IttOglldjft, by greatest 
 
 le: 
 
 2Btr ftnb tittl ctrme <Sitnber. We are nothing but poor sinners. 
 
 (£r tft ntd)t IttC^r jung. He is no longer young. 
 
 3$ tvobne litnger, aU etn 3a$r bier. I have resided here more than a year. 
 
 9Bobnt £err #au3mamt fU)on Idngcr Has Mr. Hausmann resided in Bos- 
 
 tn Soften ? ton a considerable time ? 
 
IDIOMS. NUMERALS. 
 
 121 
 
 3a, er n>obnt frfjon liingere Sett ba. 
 
 £)a$ toujjte id) langfl. 
 
 3n miigitdjfier ©tie. 
 
 3d) ^abe feme grcunbe mcljr. 
 
 Yes, he has resided there some time. 
 That 1 knew long ago. 
 In greatest possible haste. 
 I have no longer any friends. 
 
 9. Idioms. 
 
 <E« ill bte bod)tfe 3ett. 
 
 £>er jitngfte Slag. 
 
 2)a£ jitngfte ®crid)t. 
 
 <5ie leben feljr eingejogen. 
 
 3d) gebc iieber gu $u§. 
 
 (Er ^at feine ©efd)ttufter lieb. 
 
 3d) ^be alleS 5)?oglid)c »erfud)t. 
 
 Oct lub mid) perfonlid) jin. 
 
 SWan fann ifym 9ctd)t3 ,red)t madden. 
 
 SWein feliger 25ater (mein SJater felig). 
 
 33ergangenen <5ommer toar id) in ber 
 
 ©d)tt)eij. 
 (£r ifr ^crfrreut. 
 
 (£r bat ein toabreS ©algengeftdjt. 
 sftaturiid). 9caturtid)er 2Beife. 
 £>ariiber ifr ®ra3 gett>ad)fen. 
 3d) mar urn cine Slntnwt serlegen. 
 9cebmen @te e£ ntdjt iibel ! 
 <Sid) bed) unb tbeuer »erfd)tti>ren. 
 £)a3 i?ad)en tterbeifcen. 
 (£r beftnbet ftd) in ber beftmoajidjfren 
 
 Saune. 
 
 It is high time. 
 
 The day of judgment. 
 
 The last judgment. 
 
 They live very much retired. 
 
 I prefer to go on foot. [much. 
 
 He loves his brothers and sisters 
 
 I have tried my utmost. 
 
 He invited me himself. 
 
 Nothing that one can do pleases him. 
 
 My deceased father. 
 
 Last summer I was in Switzer- 
 land. 
 
 He is absent-minded. 
 
 He has a very hang-dog look. 
 
 Of course. As a matter of course. 
 
 That is quite forgotten. 
 
 I was at loss for an answer. 
 
 Do not take offence at it. [oath. 
 
 To swear solemnly. To take a solemn 
 
 To forbear laughing. 
 
 He is (finds himself) in the best 
 humor possible. 
 
 Mtion 23. 
 
 Lesson 23. 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 $te 3afjre8$etten. The Seasons. 
 
 2)er Winter, -3, pi. -, the winter. 
 JDor ftri'tbling, -8, pi. -e, 
 3)a$ grubj.a v r, -3, pi. -e, 
 
 the spring. 
 
 £>er ©ornmer, -3, pi. -, 
 £er £erbjr, -e«, pi. -e, 
 2)a3 <5pdtjat)r,-3, pi. -e, 
 
 the summer, 
 the autumn. 
 
122 
 
 LESSON 
 
 $te annate. The Months. 
 
 Der 3anuar, -3, January. 
 ->Lv Der ftebruar, -3, February. 
 fctt Stag, -e<3, March. 
 3)er Safprtl', -3, April. 
 Der 2Rat, -e$, May. 
 Der Sunt, -5, June. 
 
 Der 3uli, -3, July. 
 Der StugufV, -e$, August. 
 Der ©eptem'kr, -$, September. 
 Der Dcto'kr, -3, October. 
 Der 9io»em'kr, -3, November. 
 Der Dejem'kr, -0, December. 
 
 $ie XaQt &er SSodje. The Days of the Week. 
 
 Der ©onntag, -3, pi. -e, Sunday. 
 Der SJfomtag, -*, pi. -e, Monday. 
 Der Dtenjrag, -3, pi. -c, Tuesday. 
 Der Sftittrood), -$, pi. -e, Wednesday. 
 
 Der Donner&ag, -«, pi. -e, Thursday. 
 Der $reitag, -3, pi. -e, Friday. 
 ®er@am«a 9 ,-«,pl.-e,orj Saturda 
 Der ©onnaknb, -3, pi. -e, 
 
 ©etfjiielc. 
 
 Slnno (or 2tnno Domini) 1871. 
 3m Sa^re bed £errn 1860. 
 3nt 3a^re 357 »or (nad)) Gfjrijto. 
 £d)itfen <Sie mix etn 9)funb Xke ! 
 3d) roiinfdje jftet $aar ®d)uf)e. 
 Der ttnettiel'fte ijt kute? 
 (£3 ijl bcr groeite September. 
 3*)ren 33rief »om $el)nten 2lugu|l $afce 
 
 id) foe'kn ert)alren. 
 ©ekn <5ie mix Qefafligft bret 33ud) S3rie|" 
 
 papier ! 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Anno Domini 1871. 
 
 In the year of our (the) Lord 1860. 
 
 In the year 357 before (after) Christ. 
 
 Send me a pound of tea. 
 
 I wish two pairs of shoes. 
 
 What date is to-day ? 
 
 It is the second of September. 
 
 Your letter of the tenth of August 
 
 I have just received. 
 Give me, if you please, three quires 
 of letter-paper. 
 
 SBiirtertierjetdjmp. 
 
 £er 33ud)Wet$en, -3, buckwheat. 
 ©rt Gl)ine'fe, -n, pi. -n, Chinese. 
 Der (£intt>ofmer, -3, pi. - inhabitant. 
 Der Saib, -e3, pi. -e, loaf, at = oa. 
 Der g>feiler, -3, pi. -, pillar. Jif = p. 
 Der <5tctat, -e£, pi. -en, state. 
 Der (Stiefel, -4, pi. -, boot. 
 Der Scaler, -$, pi. -, dollar, t = d. 
 Der £f)urm, -e$, pi. Sfyurme, tower. 
 $te 9lu3naBme, -n, pi. - exception. 
 Die Mde, -n, pi. - bridge. it = i. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Die $euenobrunjl, -, pi. -Mnfte, con- 
 flagration. 
 
 Die ©lode, - pi. -n, bell (clock). 
 
 Die ©riinbung, - pi. -en, foundation. 
 
 Die 5>ejl, -, pestilence. 
 
 Die ©ctnft <3tepl)an3r'trd)e, - St. Ste- 
 phen's church. 
 
 Die <Sette, -, page ; side, t = d ; ci=i- 
 
 Die Untoerfttcit', -, pi -en, university. 
 
 $tt§ Denfmal, -3, pi. -molar, monu- 
 ment. 
 
NUMERALS. 123 
 
 2)a3 %a§, -e3, pi. Saffer, barrel ; vat. 
 ©aS <3d)[ad)tfelt>, -e$, pi. -er, battle- 
 field. 
 1)a$ SBerf.. -c«, pi. -e, work, c = O. 
 3lu£eror'bentltd), extraordinary. 
 $otgen, to follow, g = — . p. 27. 
 ©ebo'rett, born, gc = — . p. 27. 
 £al&,half. & = f. 
 
 £eutig, to-day's. 
 
 $arl, Charles. 
 
 tfoltt, Cologne. 
 
 Soften, to cost. 
 
 9J?und)en, -$, Munich. 
 
 $rag, -3, Prague. 
 
 Stemmen, originate, date from. 
 
 3crfti>'ren, to destroy. 
 
 Wtfjt unb fcterjigfte %ufga(e. 
 
 1. 2IpriI, 3uni, September unb 9?otiember I)aBett breifiig £age, 
 atle anberen ein unb bretgig mit 5lu^na^me be£ gebruar, itiefefyer 
 nur acfyt unb groangig £age fiat. 2. ©cbicfen ©ie mtr jefStligjI 
 ttt#t fpater, al£ morgen SIbenb ein gag 9ftebt (17. 9.), groei $funb 
 (18. 14.) £fyee, bret $funb $affee, grcangig $funb 3"^*, fiinf unb 
 groangig $)funb 23ud)tticigenmet)l unb titer Du^enb Sier. 3. iperr 
 Sernfyarb, ber ©cbufymacber, fyat ^eute gtoei $aar ©tiefel, bret 
 $aar $>antoffeIn unb ein tyaav ©cfyufye tierfauft. 4. 2Bas foften 
 bie fiier bag (14. 2.) Du£enb ? 5. ©te ftnb je£t feljr tfyeuer ; fie 
 foften einen fyalben Xfyaier bas Du^enb. 6. Die donate 3uni, 
 3uli unb 2luguft ftnb bie ©ommermonate. 7. 2Bunfd)en ©ie nur 
 einen Saib 23rob ? 8. $uf me(d)er ©ette ifl unfere fyeutige Seftion ? 
 9. ©ie ift auf ber neun unb neungigften ©eite. 10. Die grogten 
 ©tabte in ©acfofen ftnb DreSbcn mit mefyr, aU tyunbert unb fiinf 
 unb titergig taufenb, unb Seipgig mit mehr, ate fiinf unb acfytgig 
 taufenb (Simvofynertt. 11. Die dlteften beutfefyen Unitierfttaten 
 ftammen cms bem tiiergefynten 3aWunbert. 12. Die ©riinbung 
 ber Unitierfitat gu $rag fdttt in ba^ 3afyr 1348 (breigefyn fyunbert 
 unb ad)t unb tiiergig or eintaufenb brei()unbert unb acht unb tiier* 
 gig); gu SBien 1365; gu £eibelberg 1386; gu $oln 1388; gn 
 (Erfurt titer 3a^re fpater. 13. 3m 3a§ve 1665 ftarben in bonbon 
 an ber $eft mehr, aU 68,000 Sflenfdjett, unb im folgenben 3a()re 
 gerftorte eine grogc gcuersbrunft 13,200 ipaufer. 14. Die 33riicfen 
 ber (£t)inefen ftnb au^erorbentlicb lang. 15. Die Brittle tion 2o= 
 tiang $at eine gauge tion 26,800 ftujj unb xuljt auf 300 ^feilern. 
 16. ©uftati 2lbolpfy, geboren am neunten Degember fitnfgefyn 
 
124 LESSON 23. 
 
 fyunbert unb aier unb neunjig, (Sofyn $arl bes 9tanten, ft el <mf 
 bem (2d)lad)tfelbe bet Sii^en am fcdj$etjntcn November fed)3et)n t)u\u 
 bert unb gwei itnb brrigig. 17. £)ie @anft ©tepfyanefircfye in 
 $3ien ift eine3 ber fdn>nften £)enfma(er dtbeutfd)er 33aufrtnft. 
 18, £)er beriifymte £l)urm, ber grogte in Suropa, ()at eine &o$e 
 tton ttier fyunbert unb fec^i? unb breijjig $u§ unb eine itber iHtqig 
 taufenb $funb fcfyrcere ®locfe. 19. £)ie ©tabt Ban $ranct$'fo ift 
 in bem (Staate (Ealifor'nien. 20. £)ie Mow. Sibliotfyef in ^iincben 
 X>at iiber siermal fyunbert taufenb Serle. 21. $)iefe$ 2Cerf beftefyt 
 au$ 15 33anben. 
 
 Exercise 49. 
 
 1. How old is Robert Rauscher 1 2. He is nearly ten years 
 (5. 2.) old. 3. This sugar costs twenty cents a (14. 2.) pound. 
 4. Please, give me a piece of bread ! 5. This cloth costs four 
 dollars a yard. 6. How long is this table 1 7. It is three 
 feet (18. 14.) and a half (2.) long. 8. Send me, please, two 
 dozen of (17. 9.) eggs, one pound of tea, and two pounds of 
 coffee. 9. I wish five quires of paper. 10. What (1.) day of 
 the month is to-day] 11. It is the 15th of May. 12. The 
 city of Berlin is the largest city in the kingdom of Prussia. 
 13. Were you ever in the city of Cologne 1 14. I was a week 
 in the city of Dusseldorf, but never in the city of Cologne. 15. 
 I have bought a pair of shoes and two pairs of boots to-day. 
 16. The months of December, January, and February, are the 
 winter months. 17. The tower of St. Stephen's church in 
 Vienna is 436 feet high. 18. The art-gallery in Munich is five 
 hundred feet long and ninety-two feet wide. 19. The library 
 in Munich has more than four hundred thousand works, in more 
 than eight hundred thousand volumes. 20. Is the lesson for 
 to-day [or to-day's (22. 7.) lesson] on the fifty-third page 1 
 21. No, it is on the fifty-eighth page. 22. The losses by fire 
 in the United States of America, in the year 1870, amounted 
 to sixty millions of dollars ; the losses at (14. 2.) sea, to twenty 
 millions of dollars. 
 

 NUMBERS. 
 
 U 
 
 ©rammattfdjes. 
 
 Grammatical 
 
 L 
 
 Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers. 
 
 
 Cardinals. 
 
 
 Ordinals. 
 
 
 etna* 
 
 1. 
 
 (£rjle. 
 
 1st. 
 
 £tt>et. 
 
 2. 
 
 3n>ette. 
 
 2d. 
 
 t>xtl 
 
 3. 
 
 Drttte. 
 
 3d. 
 
 5Bter. 
 
 4. 
 
 SSterte. 
 
 4th. 
 
 8fft»f. 
 
 5 
 
 $itnfte. 
 
 5th. 
 
 <£c$$. 
 
 6. 
 
 <Sed)3te. 
 
 6th. 
 
 ©teben. 
 
 7. 
 
 ©tcbte or (Siebente. 
 
 7th. 
 
 tfc$t. 
 
 8. 
 
 5lcbte. 
 
 8th. 
 
 s J?eun, 
 
 9. 
 
 ■fteunte. 
 
 9th. 
 
 Bebn. 
 
 10. 
 
 Befynte. 
 
 10th. 
 
 er. 
 
 11. 
 
 <£lfte. 
 
 11th. 
 
 Bwolf, 
 
 12. 
 
 Bttbtfte, 
 
 12th. 
 
 ©rdjitffc. 
 
 13. 
 
 ©ret§t$ate« 
 
 13th. 
 
 $tcnebn. 
 
 14. 
 
 SMerge^nte. 
 
 14th. 
 
 ftunfyfyu 
 
 15. 
 
 8funfjje$nte. 
 
 15th. 
 
 ©ecbjebn. 
 
 16. 
 
 @ed)gebnte. 
 
 16th. 
 
 (Stebjefyn or (Siebenjefjn, 
 
 17. 
 
 ©tcfyclsntc or ©iebenjefmte 
 
 . 17th. 
 
 5td)tjef)n. 
 
 18. 
 
 Slcbtgeljnte. 
 
 18th. 
 
 ^eunjefyn. 
 
 19. 
 
 ^eunjebnte. 
 
 19th. 
 
 B^anjig. 
 
 20. 
 
 Bwanjtgfte. 
 
 20th. 
 
 <£m unb 20, 
 
 21. 
 
 <£in unb 20jte. 
 
 21st. 
 
 Bwei unb 20, 
 
 22. 
 
 Bftet unb 20fie. 
 
 22d. 
 
 2)rct§tg. 
 
 30. 
 
 ©reifngjle. 
 
 30th. 
 
 gin unb 30, 
 
 31. 
 
 Sin unb 30f!e. 
 
 31st. 
 
 3»ct unb 30, 
 
 32. 
 
 3»et unb 30fk, 
 
 32d. 
 
 Sierjig. 
 
 40. 
 
 SSierjtgfle. 
 
 40th. 
 
 gunfjta.. 
 
 50. 
 
 gitnftia.fte. 
 
 50th. 
 
 <Sed)$ta,. 
 
 60. 
 
 GWfoigflt. 
 
 60th. 
 
 ©iefcgtg or ©teknjtg. 
 
 70. 
 
 ©tebjigfte or <3tebengta,jle. 
 
 70th. 
 
 •Wfi. 
 
 80. 
 
 SWgfle. 
 
 80th. 
 
 9tara$tg. 
 
 90. 
 
 9famjtgfle. 
 
 90th. 
 
 £unbert. 
 
 100. 
 
 ^unbertjle. 
 
 100th. 
 
 Imnbert unb l. 
 
 101. 
 
 £>unbert unb erfle. 
 
 101st. 
 
 4Mmbert unb 2, 
 
 102. 
 
 £unbert unb 2te. 
 
 102d. 
 
 •dunbert unb 20, 
 
 120. 
 
 £unbert unb 20jlc. 
 
 120th. 
 
 £unbert unb 1 unb 20. 
 
 121. 
 
 |>unbert unb l unb 20fle. 
 
 121st. 
 
 Stoti bunbert. 
 
 200. 
 
 3n>ei fyunbertjte. 
 
 200th. 
 
 gf&tf bunbert. 
 
 500. 
 
 %ixnf fjunbertjle. 
 
 500th. 
 
 Saufenb. 
 
 1,000. 
 
 Saufenbjk. 
 
 1,000th. 
 
 Qtod taufenb. 
 
 2,000. 
 
 3n>et taufenbfte. 
 
 2,000th. 
 
 ©icben taufenb. 
 
 7,000. 
 
 <5icben taufenbfte. 
 
 7,000th. 
 
 Bebn taufenb. 
 
 10,000. 
 
 3e()n taufenbfte. 
 
 10,000th. 
 
 Humbert taufenb. 
 
 100,000. 
 
 Imnbert taufenbfte. 100,000th. 
 
 SKSion'* 
 
 1,000,000. 
 
 SWiWonjle. 1,000,000th. 
 
 </. 
 
126 LESSON 23. 
 
 1. $tr, btC, or fca$ lUtCdtclfic? is an interrogative ordinal, 
 answering to which ? what one ? or what part ? (of a given 
 series) : 
 
 2>er unemetjte bin id) ? Which number in the list am I ? 
 
 <Sie finb ber ©rittc. You are the third. 
 
 Dcr reiettielfie ifi f)eute ? What date is to-day ? 
 
 (£3 ijt fyeure ber geljnte 3uni (17. 9.). It is the tenth of June to-day. 
 
 £en nnesielfien fyacen tttr ? What date have we ? 
 
 SBir l)aben ben brcipigften fKarj. It is the thirtieth of March. 
 
 2)er ttriesicljlc St^etl von |»3If ift ttier ? What part of twelve is four ? 
 
 23ier ift ein Drittel (ber britre Xfytil) sum Four is a third (the third part) of 
 jlwlf. twelve. 
 
 2. Fractional numerals are formed from Ordinal numbers by 
 suffixing M ($$fft, part) : Drtttcl (fctittoff) ; SMertel (3Siert*tel); 
 3wan3tgfte( (3wangtgjl*tcl) ; &c. Instead of gtoettel, Ijalfi is 
 used j its declension is like that of other adjectives. §tt(fte is 
 a feminine noun : 
 
 iJDer tttwtelfte £l)eil etne3 ©anjen ijt ein What part of a whole is a third 
 
 £rittelber(14.2.)£dtfte? bie£cttfte of a half? the half of a twen- 
 
 eine3 BttanjigftelS ? tieth ? 
 
 2)a3 ilinb ijt ein nnb ein $alfee8 Safjr The child is one year and a half 
 
 alt. old. 
 
 £)ie Die^Ie ijt jroei nnb einen (5, 2.) The plank is two inches and a half 
 
 Ijatfeen 3otf bicf. thick. 
 
 Die glaftye tji nur §aW »oU. The flask is only half full. 
 
 3. The Multiplicative numerals, answering to the question 
 How many fold ? are formed from the Cardinals, by adding the 
 suffix fad) or fdltta, : 
 
 emfacfy or etnfalttg, onefold or single, 
 
 gfoeifad) or jteeifaltig, twofold or double, 
 
 breifadj or fcreifalHg, ' threefold or treble, 
 
 fyunbertfad) or fyuttbertfalttg, hundredfold, 
 
 taufenbfad) or taufenbfalttg, thousandfold. 
 
 (£tttftilti{j is applied to what is simple, artless, i 
 
NUMERALS. 
 
 127 
 
 GtltdjeS ftel auf ein gut £anb unb trttg 
 Sfrudjt, <EUt$e$ ljunbertfalttg, QUI* 
 d)e<3 fedjjtgfalttg, <£tltd}e$ bret§tg= 
 falttg. 
 
 Other (some) fell into good ground, 
 and brought forth (bore) fruit, 
 some an hundredfold, some sixty- 
 fold, some thirtyfold. 
 
 4. Iterative numerals, answering to the question How often ? 
 or How many times ? are formed from Cardinals and from In- 
 definite numerals by suffixing mol (time) : 
 
 einmctf, one time ; once. 
 
 gnjeimal, twice. 
 
 fcretmal, three times, thrice. 
 
 3d) babe tf)n bretmal gefefyen, afeer mir 
 
 $wetmal mtt ttnn gefprod)en. 
 (ginntal fur attentat, or gin fur attentat. 
 
 groangtgmal, twenty times, 
 fyunfcertmal, hundred times, 
 taufentimaf, thousand times. 
 
 I have seen him thrice, but only 
 
 spoken with him twice. 
 Once for all (one time for all times). 
 
 CHttmal', accented on the last syllable, often signifies, in 
 familiar use, once, once on a time; with a negation, even; and 
 sometimes does not require translation. Suffixed to a numeral, 
 mttl often precedes gmtfccrt taufcttb. SRttf, apart from numer- 
 
 als, is declined as a neuter noun 
 
 Betgen <5te e$ mtr etnmal'. 
 (£r fann ntc&t eintal' tefcn. 
 Bwetmal Iwnbert taufenb, or ) 
 Broet ftunbert taufenb, ) 
 
 9?ur nod) btefeS etne 5flal. 
 
 Show it to me (once). 
 He cannot even read. 
 
 Two hundred thousand. 
 Only yet (just) this one time. 
 
 SfiteUcrfjofuufl. 
 
 Recapitulation. 
 
 Ptinfzigste Aufgabe. 
 
 1. Was ist der Inhalt (18. 13.) der ersten Lektion 1 2. Was 
 fur Schwierigkeiten haben Sie in dieser Lektion gefunden, und 
 was halten Sie fur die grosste 1 3. Was lehrt die zweite Lek- 
 tion 1 4. Worm unterscheidet sich der Nominativ des unbe- 
 stimmten Artikels und der besitzanzeigenden Furworter von 
 .dem Nominativ der Worter, welche wir in der ersten Lektion 
 gehabt haben 1 5. Ist das grammatische Geschlecht der Haupt- 
 worter im [in dem (24. 2.)] Deutschen auch immer das natiir- 
 
128 LESSON 23. 
 
 liche Geschlecht der Begriffe, wclche sie bezeichnen 1 6. Wann 
 blcibcn die Adjektive unverandert in ihrer urspriinglichen 
 Form, und wann bekoramen sie Geschlechtsendungen ] 7. 
 Welche Endungen bekoinmen die Adjektive, wenn ihnen der 
 bestimmte Artikel vorangeht ] 8. Welche Geschlechtsendun- 
 gen hat der Akknsativ 1 9. Wovon handelt die fiinfte Lektion 1 
 10. Welche Prapositionen regieren den Akkusativ? 11. Welche 
 Geschlechtsendungen hat der Genitiv 1 ? 12. Welches sind die 
 Geschlechtsendungen des Dativ 1 13. Wie viele Arten von 
 Deklinationen der Hauptworter haben wir gehabt ? 14. In 
 welcher Lektion finden wir sie, und wodnrch unterscheiden 
 sie sich von einander? 15. In welcher Lektion lernen wir 
 den Genitiv der persbnlichen Fiirworter kennen 1 . 16. Wann 
 bedient man (15. 5.) sich (9. 4.) in der Anrede der Fiir- 
 worter " da " und w ihr," und wann des Fiirwortes " Sie " 1 
 17. Wie bildet man das Futurum % 18. Was haben wir in 
 Lektion 10. und was in Lektion 11 gehabt %' 19. Wann 
 entspricht der Gebrauch des Infinitivs im (in dem) Deut- 
 schen dem Gebrauch des Partizip des Prasens im Englischen 1 
 20. Welcher Hiilfszeitworter bedient man sich, um das Perfekt 
 mid Plusquamperfekt zu bilden 1 21. Welche Prapositionen 
 regieren den Dativ ] 22. Wovon handelt die dreizehnte Lek- 
 tion] 23. Was fur eine Form hat "sein" im Partizip des Per- 
 fekts? 24. Wann gebraucht man das Hiilfszeitwort "sein," 
 und wann das Hiilfszeitwort " werden " in Verbindung mit dem 
 Partizip des Perfekts 1 . 25. Wie viele unbestimmte und wie 
 viele fragende Fiirworter gibt es im Deutschen 1 nenne sie ! 
 26. Welchen Einfluss auf die Construktion des Satzes haben 
 unterordnende Conjunktionen 1 27. Wie bildet man eine grosse 
 Anzahl weiblicher Hauptworter yon mannlichen 1 28. Wie 
 bildet man den Nominativ der Mehrzahl von Hanptwortera der 
 alten Deklination 1 wie von Hauptwbrtern der neuen 1 wie von 
 Hauptwbrtern der gemischten 1 29. Gibt es (13. 12.) viele. 
 Ausnahmen von den Regeln iiber die Bildung der Mehrzahl] 
 30. Was habt ihr in der neimzehnten Lektion gelernt % 
 
PREPOSITIONS. 
 
 129 
 
 Scftum 24 
 
 Lesson 24. 
 
 PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE DATIVE OR ACCUSATIVE. CONTRAC- 
 TION OF PREPOSITIONS WITH THE DEFINITE ARTICLE. 
 
 93eifjuere. 
 
 £>ctS 23ud) liegt auf fctefettt £ifd)e, lege 
 
 e3 auf jcncn. 
 Wlan gel;t in has $au$ unb in bent 
 
 #aufe. 
 (?r ntvduct fid) ntdjt bor fetnen geinben. 
 £cr Dfen tft gut, aber e3 ift fein $euer 
 
 fcarin. 
 •£>err Bintmermann tteifi nidjt, toODOit 
 
 bit $ebe i{*/ 
 2Ba3 fagen @ic fcttju ? 
 3d) freue mid) ii&er fca0 ©tiicf mctacS 
 
 $reunbe$. 
 @r ifl: jiolj auf fein ©aterlanb. 
 
 SBortcrtocrjcidjnife. 
 
 $er mid, -*, pi. -e, sight. 
 
 2)er ftuj^obcn, -3, pi. -Wben, floor. 
 
 2>er ©avtner, -3, pi. - gardener. 
 
 Tex yiimb, -e3, pi. SWiinber, mouth. 
 
 £>er Dd)3, -en, pi. -en, Dd)fe, -n, pi. -n, 
 
 3)er <Sd)iefer, -3, slate. [ox. 
 
 2>er Sriumpfya'tor, -3, pl.-en, triumpher. 
 
 £te ftami'tte, -, pi. -n, family. 
 
 Tk ^elSttctnb, -, pi. -wdnbe, rocky- 
 Avall, cliff. 
 
 Tk (>3egenb, -, pi. -en, region. 
 
 Tk 3dmmc, -, pi. -n, barn. 
 
 Tk oonne, -, pi. -n, sun. = U. 
 
 $u3 Jenftcr, -3, pi. -, window. 
 
 Xatf ©tMr'ge, -3, pi. -, mountains. 
 
 Ta$ @erctt'ter,-3, pi. -thunder-storm. 
 
 Tan \?anbf)au3, -e3, pl.-l)aufer, COUntry- 
 SCat. 
 
 £>a$ Waul, -e$, pi. hauler, mouth. 
 £)a$ £f)ier, -e3, pi. -e, animal (deer). * 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The book lies on this table, lay it 
 
 on that. 
 We walk into the house and in the 
 
 house. 
 He is not afraid of his enemies. 
 The stove is good, but there is no 
 
 fire in it. 
 Mr. Zimmermann does not know 
 
 what the conversation is about. 
 What do you say to that ? 
 I am delighted with the prosperity 
 
 of my friend. 
 He is proud of his fatherland. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Slnftatt', instead of. a = ea ; it = d. 
 STuf, at, up. an = u ; f = p. 
 
 33egreifen, to understand. 
 
 ©men $u$flug madjen, take a trip. 
 
 $lctd), even (flat). 
 
 SKtejjjen, flow, float, te = oa; ft = t. 
 
 Ofreffen, eat, devour, (fret, ff = t). 
 
 it'aum, scarcely. 
 
 £cgen, lay. jj = y ; c = a. 
 
 9kd)-(jin, towards. 
 
 Diomifdj, Koman. 
 
 ©ctmt, together with. 
 
 (Saufen, drink, (sup. ttU=u; f=p). 
 
 <Sd)toul, sultry ; sweltry. fdj = s. 
 
 (Sid) brdngen, press, (throng. fc=th.) 
 
 ©id) ergte^en, pour one's self. 
 
 <Sott>otjt aU, as well as. o = e. 
 
 (Spannen, harness ( ©panne, span). 
 
 2Bet(en, stay (to while). 
 
 Biefjen, move ; draw. 
 
130 LESSON 24. 
 
 (Bin unb fiinfjigftc tofgak. 
 
 I* 3ft £etr 33iid)ner nafy Sftujjlanb gereift? 2. 9Mn, er fjat 
 nnr einen SlnSflng in$ (2.) ©eMrge gemadjt. 3. SMefer (Mrtner 
 gefyt in unferen fd)bnen, grogen ©arten. 4. 3n ttelcfyem £anfe 
 motjnt £err fitter? 5, (Er nwfynt in bem Sanbfyanfe bort am Ufer 
 ber (Elbe. 6. 2Ibolp() nnb £>einridj toofynen in bcr <3tabt Berlin. 
 
 7. T)a$ SanbfyanS biefeS .ftanfmannS ftel)t in einer Reuben ®e= 
 $enb 3tt>ifc^en bem S^einftrome nnb ben 23ergen be3 @iebengebirge3. 
 
 8. $anm begreift man (15. 5.) anf ben erften Slid, ir-arnm ber 
 9tt)ein bet 33ingen gnrifdjen bie geiSmanbe son (Sdjiefer fid) brangte, 
 anftatt in bie flad)ere ©egenb nad) ^ren^nad), l)\n fid) $n ergtegen 
 (10. 6.). 9. £>ie Dd)fen be3 23auers ftefyen »or ber alten vScfyeunc 
 10. 3Sor ben SSagcn eine3 romifdjen £rinmpf)ator3 maren (14. 5.) 
 »eljje $ferbe gefpannt. 11. Wad) bem 9xegen fd)eint bie Sonne. 
 12. SBor einem (Remitter ift e3 getoofynlid) fcfynml. 13. 9k dj einem 
 ©emitter ift e3 tul)L 14. 2)ein 23ud) liegt anf bem gngboben ; 
 lege e3 anf ben £ifd). 15. &axt nnb feine Gutter ftefyen am 
 genfter. 16. 3$ &*&* einen Dfen, after fein gener bartn. 17. 
 SBoson fpricfyt nnfer Sefyrer? 18. 3d) roeig nid)t, fooson er fpridjt 
 19. Uebermorgen giefyt iperr Hoffmann famt feiner gamilie nad) 
 (Stettin'. 20. ipetnrid) twcilt gem bet fetnem Ofyeime. 21. 3^ber 
 9)knn ift ein 9Jknfd>, aber nid)t jeber $knfd) ift ein SJknn,. 22. 
 grauen nnb ^tnber fott>of)l, ate banner ftnb 9)ienfd)en. 23. Der 
 $knfdj fyat einen 9ttnnb nnb ifjt nnb trinft. 24. T)a$ Xfytv fyat 
 ein Waul nnb frig t nnb fanft. 
 
 Exercise 52. 
 
 1. Henry and Charles are in the new house. 2. The little 
 boy is going into the garden to his father. 3. Your book is 
 lying on the table ; why do you not lay it on the desk 1 4. 
 The boy is sitting at the desk, his paper is lying before him, and 
 he is writing on it. (3.). 5. His father goes to the desk, and 
 lays a letter on it (3.) before the boy. 6. Henry is coming out 
 of the house, Adolphus is going into the house. 7. A large tree 
 stands between the house and the garden. 8. A small river 
 
 .-^y~= 
 
PREPOSITIONS. 131 
 
 flows between the garden and the forest. 9. The poor man has 
 a good stove, but he has no fire in it (3.). 10. What are you 
 speaking of] 11. It is sometimes very sultry after a storm. 
 12. The children are standing at the window. 13. That 
 country-house in the valley yonder, between the river and the 
 mountain, is very large and very beautiful. 14. To-morrow 
 we are going to Berlin. 15. Mr. Schindler lives in the vicinity 
 of Dresden, namely, in the village of (17. 9.) Pirna on the left 
 bank of the river Elbe (17. 11.). 16. Mr. Werner is traveling 
 in Bohemia. 17. I was in that country in the year 1848. 
 18. What is the difference between the words „ Sftann " and 
 
 Vw 
 
 " s 3)ienfd) " ? 19. What are the German words for "man," 
 " mouth," " eat," " drink " 1 20. What do men eat and drink, 
 and what do animals eat and drink] 
 
 GJrammattfdjcg. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Prepositions an, ctuf, Ijttttcr, in, ttektt, ufeer, itttter, 
 
 feOV, ^tutfajftt, when used to express transition or change of 
 relative position, govern the Accusative, otherwise the Dative : 
 
 Ace. 3>er Bug ge^t fitter fcttS ®e* The train goes behind the moun- 
 
 Mrge. tains. 
 
 Dat. 2)er Bug gc^t Ijtntcr fcCf Sofo* The train goes behind the locomo- 
 
 mott'sc. tive. 
 
 Ace. (£r gtng ttlt fottS gfotftaf. He went to the window. 
 
 Dat. (£r ftcfyt jefjt an t)Cltt $enfler. H e I s now standing at the window. 
 
 Ace. Q?r gefyt ttt ttttl ©arten. He is going into the garden. 
 
 Dat. dx arOeitct in iJCnt ®arten. He is working in the garden. 
 
 Ace. @r gef)t liber ben gflug. . He is going over the river. 
 
 Ace. (Bit fd>retOt on tljre £cmte. She is writing to her aunt. 
 
 1. The above prepositions, when used with flcfjbl'Clt, are regarded as 
 indicating transition, and are hence construed with the accusative : 
 2>tefer £ija) flCprt in fcttS anbre Bim* This table belongs in (into) the other 
 
 raer. room. 
 
 2. 3(uf and ubtt, when not referring to locality, generally require the 
 accusative : 
 
 (Er ift Wfe OUf mid). He is angry at me. 
 
 <&k ttunberten ft<$ lifter fcin ©lurt. They wondered at his fortune. 
 
132 
 
 LESSON 24. 
 
 2. A Preposition with the definite article, in the dative or 
 accusative, is often contracted into one word : 
 
 (£r ftfct ttttt grojjen £ifd)e. He sits at the large table. 
 
 am 
 
 for an bent. 
 
 kirn 
 
 for fci bettt. 
 
 Ijintcrm for Winter bcttt, 
 
 tm 
 
 for in bcttt. 
 
 Horn 
 
 for yen bettt. 
 
 3«nt 
 
 for ju bcttt. 
 
 jur 
 
 for ju bcr. 
 
 ang 
 
 for an bag. 
 
 ttttfg 
 
 for auf bag. 
 
 imrdjg 
 
 for burd) bag. 
 
 ftirg 
 
 for fur bag. 
 
 tng 
 
 for in bag. 
 
 ttmg 
 
 for urn bag. 
 
 (Er ift kittt SBruber. 
 <Er jM)t Jjmtcrm 3aun. 
 (Er ift im £aufe. 
 Gr fommt DOttt 5Warfte. 
 ©r get>t jUttl ftreunbe. 
 ©ie geljt Jltr Secretin, 
 gr 9et>t attg ftenfta. 
 <£r iegt eS ottfg 9>ult. 
 <£r gefa imrdjg ftelb. 
 <£$ $ ftirg gute tfinb. 
 <£r gdjt tttg alte #au$. 
 (Er fam tttttg Scben. 
 
 He is with the brother. 
 He stands behind the fence. 
 He is in the house. 
 He comes from market. 
 He goes to the friend. 
 She goes to the instructress. 
 He goes to the window. 
 He lays it on the desk. 
 He goes through the field. 
 It is for the good child. 
 He goes into the old house. 
 He lost his life. 
 
 3. The use of adverbs compounded with prepositions is 
 much more common than in English : 
 
 #icrnttt fenbe id), unb fo fort. Herewith I send, and so forth. 
 
 Sfiouon fprcd)en <Sie? Of what (whereof) do you speak ? 
 
 $HDOn iwijj id), Ijtertion nid)t. Of that I know, of this d do) not. 
 
 4. ©tg (till, until) indicates a limit or restriction, and, before 
 other particles, is variously rendered : 
 
 How far (to whither) is he going ? 
 He is going as far as the bridge. 
 How soon will the tailor make the 
 coat and the vest ? 
 
 %i$ fooljitt ge^t er ? 
 
 @r gel?t Mg tttt tie ©ruffe. 
 
 Stg ttttttttt ttirb ber (Sdntetber ben9tocf 
 
 unb bte 2Bejte macben ? 
 (Er n>trb (ie Dig ntorgen Slfcenb mafytn 
 
 fonneiu 
 
 He will be able to make them by 
 to-morrow evening. 
 
 5. (£rfl, as an adverb, indicates a limitation or exclusion, and 
 answers to not until, not before : 
 
 (Er n)irb erft morgen anfommen. He will not arrive before to-morrow. 
 
 6. 9HlJ)t djcr, dig Mg (not sooner than till) is often the 
 equivalent of not till : 
 
 (Er ttirb ttidjt Cfjcr auSgefjen, dig Bil He will not (sooner) go out (than) 
 er feine Stufgabe gefefyrteben §at. till he has written his exercise. 
 
 ^J&£> 
 
PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUN! 
 
 133 
 
 Scftion 25. 
 
 Lesson 25. 
 
 PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 Setfjiiele. 
 
 3d) freue mid), ba§ cr gcfyt. 
 
 2ftara'ba3 nennt cr jtd). 
 
 9Bie kftnbet fid) 3t;r £err Skater, 3*)re 
 
 $ran Gutter, 3ijre ^raulein <3d)roe=* 
 
 ftcr unb 3f)ve grau ©emaf/lin ? 
 2Bir kfucfyen un$ fyauftg. 
 (£elbft unfer yorftd^tiger $reurtb fiat fein 
 
 ©elb bet fid). 
 £3 ftxtrtrt 3emanb auf <Ste; roiflfen ©ie, 
 
 roer eS iji ? 
 9?ein, id) wei§ e$ nidjr. 
 ©3 le&e ber **«*« ' 
 
 Examples. 
 
 I rejoice (myself) that he is going. 
 
 He calls himself Maradas. 
 
 How do your father, your mother, 
 
 your sister, and your wife do (find 
 
 themselves) ? 
 We visit each other frequently. 
 Even our provident friend has no 
 
 money with him. 
 There is somebody waiting for you ; 
 
 do you know who it is ? 
 No, I do not know (it). 
 Long live the king • 
 
 aSortcrtoerjctdjmfc. 
 
 $er ©efemn're, -n, pl.-n, acquaintance. 
 25er ©efcm'gene, -n, pi. -rt, prisoner. 
 25er pummel, -3, pi. - sky. 
 Dcr ilerfer, -3, pi. - dungeon. 
 IDer 2Beife, -rt, pi. -rt, wise man ; sage. 
 $ie flieife, - pi. -n, journey. 
 2)ie £f)ure, - pi. -rt, door, t = d. 
 £>ie 2Mfe, -, pi. -rt, cloud ; welkin. 
 %>a$ SSergnitgen, -3, pleasure. 
 £5at)er', hither. 
 1)at)m' f thither. 
 $rt£, Freddy ($riebrid), Frederick). 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 ®oIbert, golden (made of gold). 
 
 S&djerlid), ridiculous, laughable. 
 
 Soben, to praise. 
 
 Suftig, airy, breezy (lofty. U = o). 
 
 ^iemctlS, never. 
 
 9?un, now. u = OW. 
 
 Dben, up stairs, above. 6 = v. 
 
 @d)lagen, beat (slay fdj = s ; g = y). 
 
 ©dntibig, guilty. 
 
 £oben, to rage. 
 
 SSerra'tljcn, to betray. 
 
 Soften, to will. = L 
 
 $>ret imb fiinfjtgftc 5CufpBc. 
 
 1, <£a (2.) ift 3emant> an ber %l)uve ; er fud)t @le. 2, SMffert 
 ©ie md)t, n?er e3 ift ? 3. (£r nennt ftd) einen alien Srennb son 
 3()tten (12, 7.), after er fagte mix nid)t, rote er fyeigt. 4, 3d) ser* 
 fpred)e mix tftet Sergniigen son btefer 3ftetfe. 5. (Sr nnt> id) merben 
 ©ie bait) cefnd)en. 6. 3t)r feit> nirnt fctjuifci^, id) meig e$, ifyr feit) 
 
134 LESSON 25. 
 
 e$ (3,) nid)t. 7. @3 jiefjert tie Xufttgen SBoIfen am £immet ba* 
 l)in nnb bafyer. 8. Jpaben @ie 3l)rc neue golbene tU)r bet ftd) ? 
 9* 3^) fyabe fie faft tmmer bet mir. 10, 2Bir felbft tvaren bet ben 
 ©efangenen tin ^erfer. 11. 2£tr fyabcn bte ®efangenen felber 
 gefetjen, 12. £>ie 23erbred)er fyaben fid) felbft *>erratl)en. 13. £)er 
 SBetfe fprtdjt nid)t gem son fid) felbft. 14. 2£er fid) felber lobt, 
 mad)t ftd) oft lad)erlid) unb tmmer laftig. 15. Diefe ^nabert be* 
 fud)en fidj ntd)t mefyr. 16. £3 ift 3ewanb vhen ; tt>eifjt bu, mer e3 
 ift? 17. 9Mtt, aber id) glaube, e3 ift grit^ ; jetjt febe id) ifjn ; er 
 ift'4 (or ift e$). 18. S3 ift l>eute fe&r fait. 19. <5s maren geftern 
 Sormittag jmei 33efannte fcon 3fynen M unS. 20. £3 leben oiele, 
 a>eld)e ba$ nidjt gefefyen fyaben. 21. 9mn, leben @ie wofyl, meine 
 iperren ! in .ftnrjcm (22. 3.) fyabtn n?ir ben geinb gefcfylagen, ober 
 n?tr fefyen una niemals wieber* 
 
 Exercise 54. 
 
 1. There is somebody waiting for you. 2. Is it Mr. Brown ? 
 3. I do not know who it is. 4. How long has he been here 1 
 5. He has been here more than an hour. 6. Is he an old friend 
 of yours 1 7. He is an old friend of ours. 8. There is no 
 friend of yours here. 9. Do these scholars praise themselves ] 
 
 10. They do not praise themselves, their teacher praises them. 
 
 11. The boy has lost his knife, he blames himself. 12. The 
 boys promise themselves much pleasure on this journey. 1.3. 
 I do not promise myself anything. 14. I have no watch with 
 me. 15. I hope we shall see each other again soon. 16. I have 
 seen the prisoners myself. 17. The prisoners themselves were 
 there. 18. There were four men here yesterday and there are 
 two of them here again to-day. 19. Day before yesterday there 
 were two neighbors of yours at our house. 20. They are not 
 vain, I know they are not. 21. Who is it that is singing so 
 loud] 22. I do not know (3.), but I believe it is the miller, 
 Mr. Walter. 23. Who has just come? 24. It is (1.) the 
 brothers and sisters of our friend Arthur ; they thought he 
 was (16. 5.) still here. 
 
PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS. 135 
 
 ©rammattfdjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. (£3 (like it) may refer to nouns of either gender or num- 
 ber ; but in German the logical subject controls the person 
 and number of the verb, and, when a personal pronoun, pre- 
 cedes the verb : 
 
 2Ber €fl c3 ? . 3d) fetje, roer e£ ill. Who is it ? I see who it is. 
 
 (E3 tft etn alter $reunb toon mix. It is an old friend of mine. 
 
 (£3 finb imfere alten ft-reunbe. It is our old friends. 
 
 (Er tft e3 ; voir ftnb etf. It is he ; it is we. 
 
 The use of the verb in the singular, having as its subjects two or more 
 nouns in the singular, is more common than in English : 
 £)er ©trorn, baS 2tteer, ba$ ©alj gefyort The stream, the sea, the salt be- 
 
 bem $onig. long(s) to the king. 
 
 £>etn ifi ba<3 ^tetd), bie $raft unb bie Thine is the kingdom, and the 
 
 £ervltaM'ett. power, and the glory. 
 
 2. ($£ is often used expletively, and, when requiring trans- 
 lation, answers to our expletive there : 
 
 (S§ tft Sfttcmanb ba. There is nobody there. 
 
 (5$ roarert jttoei Btembe ba. There were two strangers there. 
 
 ($8 (eudjtet ber Sflonb, eg gtdnjen bie The moon is shining, the stars are 
 
 Sterne. glittering. 
 
 (50 nTartet 3emanb auf un3. There is somebody waiting for us. 
 
 - 3. ($3 often stands in place of a previously used noun or ad- 
 jective, and is rendered one or so ; after ttuffeit, it often does 
 not admit of translation : 
 
 (£r tft (Sdjmteb, aoer id) out t§ ntd)t. He is a smith, but I am not one 
 
 3ft cr (ner ? 3d) roetft e§ ntd)t. Is he here ? I do not know (it). 
 
 2Btr ftnb ntd)t Sltle glcid), unb fonnen eg We are not all alike, and cannot 
 ntd)t fetn. be so. 
 
 4. After nouns, and relating to them, a personal pronoun is 
 sometimes added : 
 <2o totetet Sd)roeben eble3 23tut, eg tft The noble blood of so many Swedes, 
 
 urn @oIb unb <3tlbcr ntd)t (tefloffen. (it) has not flowed for gold or silver, 
 
 Unb bie Suacnb, fie tft fetn tcerer And Virtue (it) is not an empty 
 
 (£d)atl. sound. 
 
136 LESSON 25. 
 
 5. When the subjects of a plural verb are of different persons, 
 the first person is preferred to the second, and the second to the 
 third ; after nouns and pronouns in the singular, a plural pro- 
 noun is employed referring to all the preceding ones : 
 
 (£r unb id) fafjen e$. He and I saw it. 
 
 £>u unb cr faljet e$. Thou and he saw it. 
 
 £)u, er unb id), ttnr fefcen e3. Thou, he and I (we) see it. 
 
 6. The genitive, when referring to individuals, is often used 
 like the French en before numerals : 
 
 (£r Ijat bret SBriiber unb id) II a trois freres et moi He has three brothers 
 Ijak tljrcr nur etnen. je rien ai qu'un. and I have only one. 
 
 7. Stdj (9. 6.), after a preposition, is often best rendered by 
 a personal pronoun : 
 
 £at er feine XCyt kt ftd) ? Has he his watch with him ? 
 
 8. ScHlfi, being always used to add emphasis, may be ren- 
 dered 1. by own, when following a reflexive pronoun; 2. by a 
 compound personal pronoun {myself, &c), when following an- 
 other pronoun ; and 3. otherwise by , even : 
 
 SBer fennt ftd) f cl&ft ? Who knows himself (one's own self) ? 
 
 2>tdj fdbfi lobt er, akr ntdjt betnett You yourself he praises, but not 
 
 23ruber. your brother. 
 
 <ScH)j} feine $einbe ctd)ten iljn. Even his enemies esteem him. 
 
 9. The Reflexive Pronouns, where the meaning is obvious, 
 are often used instead of the reciprocal pronoun etttattber, and 
 sometimes with it : 
 
 @ie lokn ftd) (or ftd) etncmber). They praise each other. 
 
 10. In Interrogative sentences, Reflexive and Personal Pro- 
 nouns, in the oblique cases, are often placed between the verb 
 and the subject : 
 
 SBte kfinbet ftd) 3k $reunb ? How does your friend do ? 
 
 Sok u)n fetn Sefyrer ? Does his teacher praise him ? 
 
ABSOLUTE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 137 
 
 MUmx 26. 
 
 Lesson 26. 
 
 ABSOLUTE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 SBcifptcIc. 
 
 31)r Safer itf otter, al3 meiner. 
 
 (£r tyat baS ©einige getljan. 
 
 3d) fyalte ifnt fur meine3ajeid)en. 
 
 9itd>r 3^r Sintenfaf |>afre id), fonbem 
 
 meiner. 
 3d) t)ak meinc (Stimme f)6ren laffen, 
 
 laffen (Sie tie 3!w aud) pren. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Your father is older than mine. 
 
 He has done his part. 
 
 I consider him my equal. 
 
 I have not your inkstand, but 
 
 mine. 
 1 have let my voice be heard, let 
 
 yours be heard too. 
 
 SBortMierjeidjnij). 
 
 $CT 9lmerifa'ner, -3, pi. -, American. 
 
 Der 33aumeifter, -3, pi. -, architect. 
 
 Der 33efef)l', -3, pi. -e, command. 
 
 Der Sejug', -3, pi. -juge, relation. 
 
 Der getter, -$, pi. -, fault (failure). . 
 
 Der ^leip, -«3, diligence, industry. 
 
 Der 9?eid)tfwm, -3, pi. -turner, wealth 
 (riches). 
 
 Der SRfifcfatf, -c3, pi. -fdcfe, traveling- 
 bag. 
 
 Der 2Bibcrroiffc, -n3, repugnance. 
 
 $ie SMlligfcir, -, equity, justness. 
 
 Die (Sigenfceit, -, pi. -en, peculiarity. 
 
 Die (£ifem><u)n, - pi. -en, railroad (iron- 
 way). 
 
 Die (£tfenbat)nfarte, -, pi. -n, railroad- 
 map. 
 
 Die fylotc, -, pi. -en, flute. 
 
 Die ©eburt', -, pi. -en, birth. t=th. 
 
 Die Cmnigfcit, -, lieartiness. 
 
 ^k flretbe, -, chalk. . - 
 
 Die .ftenntnip, -, pi. -c, knowledge. 
 
 Die ^artet', -, pi. -en, party. 
 
 Die 3>flid)t, -, pi. -en, duty, plight. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 $tt$ 9?otenbud), -e3, pi. -budjer, music 
 (music-book). 
 
 DaS 9ted;r, -e$, right. dj = gh; c=i. 
 
 Da3 Sintenfafj, -e$, pi. -fdffer, ink- 
 stand. 
 
 DaS SBeltmeer, -3, pi. -e, ocean. 
 
 Da3 SBiJrterbud), -e8, pi. -budjer, dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 Dage'gen, in regard to, against it. 
 
 $ef)len, to fail, c = ai. 
 
 ®tfXb?li$, dangerous. 
 
 (Befefctf, steady, settled. 
 
 ©cirob'nen, accustom, wean. i) = ea. 
 
 £angen, to hang, cling. 
 
 tf emten, know (ken). 
 
 laffen, to let. ff = t ; a = e. 
 
 l*eiben, to suffer. 
 
 Sflipfat'len, to displease. 
 
 •Banft, soft, tender, a = O. 
 
 ©elicit, shall, f = sh ; = a. 
 
 ttnwitlfufjrlirf), involuntary. 
 
 ©ergel'tcn, to repay. 
 
 2targeffen # to forget, u = f ; c = o. 
 
 SSerlan'gen, to demand. 
 
138 LESSON 26. 
 
 $ihtf unb fiinfjtgfte tofgalie. 
 
 1. 9ftein SReifefarf ijl fcfytuerer, aid %$xzx (or bet? 3§xt, or ber 
 3t)rigc). 2. 3^ Sftetfefacf ift leister, aid mciner (or ber metne, or 
 ber meinige). 3, 35t SBorterbudj ift bejfer, aid meitted (or bag 
 metne, or bad meintgc). 4. $5er 53aumeifter fyat fein Sintenfag 
 unb bad meinige. 5. 3ebermann fyat $et)ler unb (Stgenfyeiten ; rcir 
 tmben bie unfrigett, bu fyaft bie beintgen, er fyat bte fetnigen, fte t)at 
 bie ifyrtgett. 6. ©ifc nie 23efebt in eined Slnbern £aufe, unb ge= 
 nxHute bid), bcin ©rob an betnem etgenen $tfd)e ju effen. 7. 33it= 
 liajett ift einc fd)one, aber feltne Jugenb. 8. Oft fefyten bie fanf* 
 teften £erjen am meiften bagegen. 9, SBeii fte nut £reue unb 
 ^nntgfeit an ber leibenben garret fyangen, tierurfad)t tfynen, \va$ 
 bagcgcn ift, einen umtntIfiU)rlid)en SStbernuIleit. 10, T)a$ SBett* 
 meer ift uuifdjen mtr unb ben SOieinigen. 11. 3d) ^be meine giote 
 unb bie 3t>rige f mein ^otenbud) unb bad 3$tige^ 12. Die meiften 
 s T»iettfd)en serlangen bad 3fyre, aber (affen ntd)t jebem 2lnbern bad 
 (Seine. 13. 3^ermann fann mit !Hed)t fagen: „9Mcbt 3^ermann 
 ift metnedglcid)en (5.) (or meined ©teicfyen)." 14. %n 23e c utg auf 
 ®eburt, 3fteid)t()um unb bergletcfyen ift er meinedgteid)en, ntd)t aber 
 in 8egug auf giei§ nnb ^enntniffe. 15. (Sd fagte mir tjeute 9ftorgen 
 ein junger 2(mcriEaner, toeld)er sor ad)t 9Jtonaten nad) Dcutfdjlanb 
 fam : „3i)^ (£tfcnbal)tten finb meit rocniger gcfafyrlid), aid bie un* 
 frigen." 16. £ier gu Sanbe ift fitted gefe^ter, aid bet und. 17. 
 $8a$ (Einem migfatlt, gefaUt oft bent $nbern. 18. SSergilt nid)t 
 Sofcd mit 336fem. 19. $£enn betn gcinb feine $flid)t sergejfeu tyat, 
 fo folgt baraud nidjt, baft bu bie beinige aud) pergejfen fotlft. 
 
 Exercise 5(T. 
 
 1. Here are two large railroad-maps ; are they yours (2.) or 
 mine 1 2. The oldest one is mine, the other is yours, is it not 1 ? 
 3. No, this is not mine, for mine is much larger than this ; it is 
 still larger than yours. 4. Your cousin's carriage is larger than 
 yours, but I like (13. 8.) yours better than his, and my own 
 pleases me still better than yours does. 5. I take your diction- 
 ary because mine is not at home, and vours is better than mine. 
 2 / t ^ ' 
 
ABSOLUTE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 139 
 
 6. My flute is better than yo-nrs, but yours is much handsomer 
 than mine. 7. Here are your pencil and mine, your pen and 
 mine, your book and mine. 8. The architect has two gardens. 
 his-- brother has but one, and his son has none. 9. I do no 
 know your faults, neither (13. 1.) do I know my own. 10. The 
 trees in our garden are small, the trees in yours are large. 11. 
 Have you my inkstand or yours'? 12. I have neither mine, 
 nor yours ; do you know where mine is ? 13 1 have been buy- 
 ing lead-pencils, slate-pencils, chalk, ink, and the like (5.). 14. 
 This carriage is yours, is n't if? 15. No, it is not mine ; I do 
 not know to whom it ^belongs. 16. This boy has a knife for 
 you, but none (6.) for me. 17. I have had' one, but I have 
 lost it. 18. I am not writing with your pen, but with mine. 
 
 19. I learn less in two days than he does (13. 4.) in one. 
 
 20. "Our railroads are more dangerous than yours," said an 
 American to a German. 
 
 )t 
 
 ©rammattfdjcS. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. A Possessive Pronoun, when used with a noun or an 
 adjective, is conjunctive possessive; when used alone, absolute 
 possessive : 
 
 SReut 23ucf) iff neu, fetneS tfi alt. My book is new, his is old. 
 
 2. Absolute Possessive Pronouns have three forms which 
 are used indiscriminately. The first form is declined like btcfct 
 (14. 1.) ; the second and third forms, like an adjective of the 
 
 New Declension (20. 2.) : 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 Feminine. Neuter. All Genders. 
 metne, meineS, metne. 
 
 bie metne, ba£ metne, bte metnen. 
 bte meinige, ba3 meinige, b;e meinigen* 
 
 ifjre, i&rea, I tyre. 
 
 bte ifjre, ba$ i^re, bte tfirett. 
 
 bte ifyrige, ba<3 tljrige, | bte ifyrigen. 
 
 mine, 
 
 Masculine. 
 meiner, 
 ber mcinc, 
 ber meinige, 
 
 hers, 
 theirs, 
 
 iftrcr, 
 ber ifyre, 
 ber tl)rige, 
 
 Sfjr 33ud) ift neu, merae$ (or ba<3 meine, 
 or ba$ meinige) ift alt. 
 
 Your book is new, mine is old. 
 
140 LESSON 26. 
 
 3. The Possessive Pronoun tljr, when used predicatively, 
 takes the gender-endings ; other possessive pronouns thus used 
 take the gender-endings only when the grammatical subject is 
 t£ and the logical subject is not a neuter noun : 
 
 2Bem gefyoren ber £ut, btc Sttiifce unb ba3 23anb ? 
 
 2*i $«t ift mets, or (£3 ift metner. 
 
 £te 5flufce fji mein, or (£$ ifl meine. 
 
 S5ad 23anb ift mem, or (£3 ifl: metne0 (or metn), 
 
 2>emt Detn ifl baa ditid) unb tie $raft. 
 
 4. A Possessive Pronoun, used substantively, often denotes 
 one's family or subordinates, and in the neuter, one's property 
 or obligation : 
 
 Sftorgen felje idj bie meinen (or bie mei= To-morrow I shall see mine (or my 
 
 ntgen) ttriebcr. family) again. 
 
 3eber »er!anott' ba<S feme (or fctntge). ' Every one desires his own. 
 
 Garbinal', idb, haht ba3 mcinigc getijan ; Cardinal, I have done my duty (I 
 
 tfyun ^Sie ba<3 3ljre ! have done mine) ; do yours ! 
 
 5. The Genitive singular mctttcS, betltel, f eme£, tljrcS, of the 
 
 Possessive Pronouns, and the Genitive plural fccr, of the Definite 
 Article, are often prefixed to the indeclinable gfcttfjCU ; some- 
 times g(etd)C1t stands apart, and then begins with a capital : 
 
 2Ber in bcm Somite' ift meine3gteid)en ? Who in the committee is my equal? 
 2)a3 Sejle babet ift, ber $erl halt <3ie The best thing about it is, the fel- 
 
 fiir feineS ©leid)en. low takes you for his peer. 
 
 3Roit mug bergteickn $f)aten fjinterfjer One should not afterwards view the 
 
 md)t fo befcfyauen. like deeds so critically. 
 
 6. (&in and $cttt, when used substantively, take gender- 
 endings, and are declined like btcfet. In the neuter the e is 
 frequently dropped ; thus, (£m§ for @incS,'&etn£ for ^CtltCg : 
 
 @iner fcgeljrt, »ad ben Slnbern kfd)tt)ert. One desires what annoys another. 
 3d) haht gn>ei 23itd)er, er Ijat (£tn$ unb I have two books, he has one, and 
 fie hat $ein$. she has none. 
 
 7. (£ut, when preceded by the definite article, is declined like 
 an adjective of the New Declension : 
 
 2)cr Sine begeljrt, road ben Slnbern be* (The) one desires what annoys the 
 fd)»ert. other. 
 
 l 
 
 
RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 141 
 
 Mi'mt 27. 
 
 Lesson 27. 
 
 RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 $etfj)icfc. 
 
 Gin .ftinb, beffen ©Item gejlorben ftnb, 
 
 bei§t eine SBcufe. 
 £>a3 ©ebaube, in beffen ©dlen rotr unS 
 
 fo oft begegnen, ift ein 2ftufe'um. 
 SBaS fur 23eeren roaren e$, bte Wtr fyeute 
 
 feint 9ttittageffen fatten ? 
 £)ie rotten roarcn Srbbeeren; ttrie bie 
 
 fc^warjen $u$m, toetg id) nid)t. 
 3d) glaube nidjt 2We3, n>a$ man mir 
 
 fftgt. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 A child whose parents are dead is 
 
 called an orphan. _ 
 The building in whose halls we have 
 
 met so often is a museum. 
 What kind of berries were they (was 
 
 it) that we had at dinner to-day ? 
 
 The red ones were strawberries ; the 
 
 name of the black ones, I don't know. 
 
 I do not believe everything that is 
 
 told 'me. 
 
 SSortcrbcrjetdjmfe. 
 
 $er (Sngfanber, -3, pi. -, Englishman. 
 
 SDtr 3ungling, ~3, pi. -e, young man. 
 
 T>cx $unftler, -3, pi. -, artist. 
 
 5Dtt ^uitbema'tifer, -$, pi. -, mathema- 
 tician. 
 
 £)er sparf, -e<3, pi. -e, park. 
 
 $tC Slufmerffamfeit, - pi. -en, atten- 
 tion. . 
 
 £>ie flrctft, - pi. flrafte, power (crafts- 
 Die ©timme, -, pi. -n, voice. 
 
 Die SBaife, - pi. -n, orphan. - 
 
 Die SBafdjerin, - pi. -nen, washer- 
 woman. 
 
 $ttg ©iicbergejM, -4, pi. -e, book- 
 shelves. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Da3 $ernrofn', -4, pi. -rc6re, telescope. 
 
 SBcbau'crn, to regret, pity. 
 
 53ef)err'fd)cn, to rule, govern. 
 
 Scnum'bern, admire, wonder at. 
 
 (SnoUfcb, English. 
 
 ga^'Wtt, ride, drive (fare). 
 
 $ranjo'fifd), French. 
 
 ©an$, completely. 
 
 ©ewin'nen, win. gc = — . p. 27. 
 
 Sufltoanbetn, to promenade. 
 
 9JMeu)en, rent, hire. 
 
 5ftitgebrad)t, brought with. 
 
 2Bagen, risk, wage. p. 26. 
 
 2Babr, true. 
 
 ,3ei(, Zeil (name of a street). 
 
 (SicBcii unb funfjtgfte tofgatie. 
 
 1. £)er Warm, wefdjen (or ben) »tr befnefyen, ifl eirt ^rofeffor 
 an ber Unberfttat in ipeibelberg. 2. 2)er 9ftann, rcetcfyer (or ber) 
 nno befucfyt, ift nnfer ©rog&ater. 3. £)cr <3d) titer, beffen 2luf- 
 merffamtett nnb glei£ <Ste benmnbern, ift eine 2$atfe. 4. £err 
 
142 LESSON 27. 
 
 9Jiarttn, in beffen £anfe te\x ftjo^new, ift cm StunftUx. o- Die 
 Seute, in beren ^Irdften e3 nid>t ftefyt, fid) felbft gn bcfyerrfcfycn, ftnb 
 ju bebanern (10. 5.). 6. Der $arf, anf beffen fcfyattigen SBegen 
 nur Inftmanbeln, gei)6rt bem $cnig. 7. Der ©olbat, son roelcfyem 
 ©ie fpred)en, ift fetyr mntfyig. 8. Die gran, bie roir fetjen, ift eine 
 SBafdjerin. 9. Die ©angerin, beren ©timme fo reijenb ift, ift eine 
 <5dnvcbin. 10. Die £eute, tuelcfye (or bie) ©te bort fet)en, finb bie 
 $iinft(er, bie *>or ciniger 3eit fyier maren. 11, 3ft btefe$ bag ®e* 
 bid)t, baet <Sie mir gcbrad)t (11, 8.) fyafon* 12. 9?ein, ba$ ©ebid)t, 
 t>a^ ic^ 3fynen mitgcbradjt ^abe, Uegt bort anf bem 23nd)ergeftet(. 
 13. $3o ift ber 9)?att)emarifer, ber geftern fyier roar? 14. Der 
 ■iDiatfyemattfer, ber geftern fyier ivar, tft fyente in bie ©tabt gefal)ren 
 (11. 7.), nm (10. 7.) ein gernrofyr jn fanfen. 15. 2Bas fyahtn 
 fie gefungen? 16. 3$ $aU nid)t gefyorr, »a$ fie gefnngen fyabtn. 
 17. 3n roejfen £anfe fyat bie Snglanberin, granlein 9Manb, ge* 
 tooljnt ? 18. 3$ weijj nid)t, tteffen £an3 fie gemietfyet fyattt ; fie 
 rcofynt je|3t in bem ^paufe be3 £errn S3o^Icr, Summer 6, ^dl in 
 granffnrt. 19. Die gran, beren 23ud) ©ie lefen, fpricfyt nid)t nnr 
 englifd), fonbern and) frait3oftfdj. 20. 2$a$ fyat ber 3itngUng 
 gefagt? 21. 2Ba$ er gefagt tyat, ift ttafyr. 22. $3er 9H<fet$ tuagt, 
 geunnnt 9tid)ts. 23. 9flan glanbt leicfyt, n?a3 man fyofft nnb 
 nmnfdjt. 
 
 Exercise 58. 
 
 1. Is the man who is visiting us a friend of yours? 2. He 
 is a friend of my brother who is in Coblentz. 3. The lady 
 whose (3.) voice is so much admired is a' German. 4. The art- 
 ist whose painting we so admire is a German. 5. The German 
 whom we have just seen is a brother of my friend who visited 
 me last week. 6. The artists who were here a few dap* ago 
 will be here day after to-morrow. 7. The gentleman whose 
 paintings we have seen is a great artist. 8. I do not. believe 
 what w r e have just heard. 9. The scholars whose parents were 
 here yesterday are going home to-morrow. 10. In whose house 
 does Professor Lind reside ] 11. I do not know in whose house 
 
RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 143 
 
 he lives. 12. The man in whose house he resides lives in the 
 city. 13. The song that this lady has just sung does not 
 please me. 14. What you have told us is not at all probable. 
 
 15. The house that you have rented is a very pleasant one. 
 
 16. Do not believe all (5.) that you hear. 17. Not all are con- 
 tented who have all that money can buy. 18. He is proud that 
 he has learned so much. 19. That (15. 8.) he has learned so 
 little, troubles his parents. 20. All that one can learn is very 
 little. W §1. I who (4.) speak and you who hear are in equal 
 damger. z^/*^, 
 
 ©rommaftf^cg. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Relative Pronouns are tocldjer, foeldjc, toeldjeS; ber, 
 tlie, bill, and the indeclinable and nearly obsolete ffl. $er, 
 fcte, bllS is declined as follows : 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 Neut. All Genders. 
 
 ba§, bie, who, which, that. 
 
 beffen, beren, whose, of which, of that. 
 
 bem, benen, to, for whom, to, for which. 
 
 ba3, bie, whom, which, that. 
 
 2. $Ct as relative is never used with a nonn ; the genitive of 
 toeld)er, never without a noun. 23Bcld)er is declined like btefer 
 (14. 1.) and the other gender-ending words : 
 
 (Etnen Sflenf&en, h>el(frer (or ber) fHefyft, A man who steals is called a 
 
 nennt man etnen DteK thief. 
 
 2)er odjiiler, fccffeit (not ttel<$e3) 33ud) The scholar whose book you have 
 
 <3tc fyaben, ift fefyr fleifjtg. is very diligent. 
 
 Die (5d)iiierin, beren (not welder) Slet* The scholar (female) whose pencil 
 
 ftift <3ie fyakn, ill febr aufmcrffam. you have is very attentive. 
 
 3. A relative sentence often requires, as in English, to be 
 placed between the Subject and Predicate of an independent one : 
 
 Subject of Ind. Sent. Relative Sentence. Predicate of lnd. Sent. 
 
 £>er Sftann, n>e(d)er gefiern ba war, ift heute fyter. 
 
 £er Sflann, ber fjeute fuer iji, roar geftcrn ba. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Norn, ber, 
 
 bie, 
 
 Gen. beffen, 
 
 beren, 
 
 Bat. bem, 
 
 ber, 
 
 Ace. ben, 
 
 bie, 
 
144 
 
 LESSON 28. 
 
 4. When the antecedent is in the first or second person, the 
 verb agrees with the relative in the third, or a personal pronoun 
 is used after the relative : 
 
 2Ba3 fann id) tljun, ber fetber IjitljToS 
 
 W ! 
 
 T>a$ tr»if7en h>ir, bie txur tie ©emfen 
 jagen. 
 
 What can I do, who myself am 
 
 helpless ? 
 That we know, who hunt the cha- 
 mois. 
 
 5. 835tt§ is used after a neuter antecedent not referring to a 
 previously expressed noun : 
 
 9lflc3, toa§ ijt unb gefdjtetjt, geprt gu Everything that exists and occurs 
 einem 9)lan ; son bem rotr 9Ud)t3 »a> belongs to a plan of which we 
 
 ftel) 1 n. understand nothing. 
 
 6. In relative sentences, the auxiliary is often omitted : 
 
 £)en (Spdfjer, ben bu auSgefenbet (f)ajt), The explorer whom you have sent 
 -£>err, erMicf id) ttteberfefjrenb. out, sir, I see returning. 
 
 7. 23Ser and foa3 are sometimes employed, though rarely, 
 except in colloquial language, as follows : 
 
 Stefj aud) bie etr/ge $forte ttcn juriicf, 
 
 er fd)tt>iege. 
 SScr mit end) roanberte ! 
 Stt, tticr nur fetbji toad ptte ! 
 SKan bringt an* ttlttg. 
 SBalsagtbasaSolf? 
 
 Even should the eternal gate let one 
 
 return, he would be silent. 
 If I could but journey with you ! 
 Yes, if one only had anything one's self ! 
 They are bringing us something. 
 Why does the nation despair ? 
 
 £- 
 
 Mtion 28. 
 
 Lesson 28. 
 
 DETERMINATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 Scttyiele. 
 
 SMefer ftnabt ijt berjemge, ber (or roet* 
 d)er) baS (Mb tyatte, son bent »tr 
 fpradjen. 
 
 Stfeht, er ijt ntdjt berfelfce. 
 
 Unfere SSefannten ftnb Ijier; ^aUn fie 
 biefelkn fd)on gefeljen? 
 
 2Ba3 mad)en @ic nttt ber $eber ? 
 
 3d) fd)retbe mit berfelkn. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 This boy is the one that (or who) 
 
 had the money 
 
 speaking of. 
 No, he is not the same one. 
 Our acquaintances are here 
 
 you seen them yet ? 
 "What are you doing with the pen ? 
 I am writing with it. 
 
 that we were 
 
 have 
 
DETERMINATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 145 
 
 SSortertierjct^ttt^. 
 
 2kt ^ebcrbalter, -$, pi. -, pen-holder. 
 £>er ®elebr'te, -n, pi. -n, learned (man)r 
 $5er 9flttf;l)iiler, -3, pi. -, school-fellow. 
 £>er $mfel, -3, pi. - brush ; pencil. 
 ®er <Sd)Htten, -$, pi. - sled. fdj = s. 
 Dct SSerwanb'te, -n, pi. -it, relation. 
 $te (Sramma'nf, -, pi. -en, grammar. 
 2>ie £iitte, - pi. -n, hut. it = u. 
 $U8 Sluge, -4, pi. -it, eye. fl = y. 
 £)a3 $anm'd)en, -3, pi. -, rabbit. 
 £>a3 Dfjr, -e3, pi. -en, ear. o = ea. 
 Sfotfmcrffam, attentive. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Sefra'gen, to ask, interrogate. 
 
 93erid)'ten, to report. 
 
 Slinb, blind. 
 
 ©efunb', healthy, sound, gc = — . 
 
 £tilfIo3, helpless, f = p ; = e. 
 
 Drbentlidt, orderly, regular. 
 
 $RebUd), honest. 
 
 (Stumm, dumb. 
 
 £aub, deaf, t = d ; au = ea ; h = f. 
 
 Saubfhtmm, deaf and dumb. 
 
 Skrfcben'fen, to give away. 
 
 2$orljer, before, previously. 
 
 Wtitn ttttb fihtfitgfie tofpfic. 
 
 1. £)erjentge tft ntd)t gut, weldjer nidjt reblidj tft (or berjemge, 
 n?eld)er nid)t rebltd) tft, tft nid)t gut). 2. ©enienigen, ber (27. 1.) 
 ntd)t t)6rcn fann, nennt man taub. 3. (Sin fo(d)er (20. 8.), tier 
 tttdjt fpredjen !ann, tft (hi mm. 4. (Siner, ber meber fyorcn, nod) 
 fprecfyen lann, (jetfjt ein £aubftummer. 5. 2Ber ntd)t fefyen faun, 
 tft bltnb. 6. Derlettige, ber bltnb tft, tft nod) tyiilflofcr, aU ber (3.), 
 toclcfyer ntd)t fprcd)cn fann. 7. 9ftand)er 9ftenfd), beffen 2(ugen unb 
 Dfyren gefunb ftnb, tft foiilflofer, al$ manner ©tumme obcr 33(tnbe. 
 8. 3d) glaubc, ma3 er fagt ; er fagt baSfelbe, roa3 fctne s Jftitfd)iifer 
 gefagt fyaben. 9. £>tefe6 tft btefclbe ($rammatif, bte id) geftern 
 batte. 10. £)erfelbe ©elefjrtc, ber un3 geftern befud)te, tft fyute 
 nuebcr Jjter. 11. Unfcre greunbe ftnb fd)on fyter ; tjaben @te bte* 
 felben (or fte) gefefyen ? 12. 21 (leg, n>a3 er un3 bertd)tcte, t>atte id) 
 fd)on lange sorter geijort. 13. £)te gefyrer toben bte <3d)ii(er, mil 
 btcfetben aufmerffam, flcijjtg unb orbentltd) ftnb. 14. Sterna nb 
 uon metnen 23efannren unb 23envanbten, ben idj befragte, ftatte 
 unfer $ferb gefeljen. 15. 3d) fefee bie genfter biefer £iitte, aber 
 nid)t bte X()iire berfelben. 16. 3d) fyabt metn ,ftamnd)en unb ba£ 
 tnetnes SBruberS fcerfdjenft. 17. ^ijv &&)titten unb ber beg $auf- 
 manns ftnb fyier. 18. ©tefer $eber()dtcr unb ber be3 <3d)itfer£ ift 
 (25. 1.) fyier. 19. $ahm ©ic Sfyxm $infel, ober metnen? 
 11 
 
/ 
 
 146 
 
 'Xt^O , 
 
 LESSON 28. 
 
 Exercise 60. 
 
 1. I understand all that (27. 5.) he has told me. 2. We 
 have seen the same people to-day, who (27. 1.) w,ere^at our 
 house (12. 7.) yesterday. 3. Not all who are blind are help- 
 less. 4. Many a man who is strong is more helpless than 
 many a one (13. 10.) who is weak. 5. This horse is better than 
 that (3.) of the painter. 6. Such as (7.) cannot see are called 
 blind. 7. The book that I am reading belongs to a friend of 
 yours (12. 7.). 8. The people of whom you are speaking are 
 neighbors of mine. 9. The pencil with which I am writing is very 
 hard. 10. My carriage is larger than that of my brother. 11. 
 Have you your carriage or that of your neighbor 1 12. I have 
 my neighbor's. 13. Those who cannot hear are called deaf. 
 14. Those who were always deaf cannot speak. 15. He who is 
 not industrious is generally discontented. 16. Do you know 
 who it was that visited us yesterday 1 17. I know it was a man 
 whom I have often seen, but I do not know his name. 18. The 
 teachers praise the scholars, because they are so diligent. 19. 
 Do not forget what you have just heard. 20. Where is your 
 pen-holder and that of your friend 1 21. I do not know where 
 my pen-holder is, but I know where that of my friend is. 
 
 i&vammattffycs. 
 
 Grammatical 
 
 1. The Determinative Pronouns are folder, -e, -e§, ttn 
 fettle and bcrjemjJC. Of these compounds -fclbc and -JCtttgC 
 
 (jenev -f- ig) are inflected like adjectives preceded by a gender- 
 ending word : 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Nom. berjenige, 
 
 Gen. berjentgen, 
 
 Bat. bemjentgen, 
 
 Ace. benjenigen, 
 
 btejenige, 
 berjentgen, 
 berjentgen, 
 btejenige, 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 baSjentge. 
 berjentgen. 
 bemjentgen. 
 baSjemge. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 All Genders. 
 
 btejentgen. 
 berjentgen. 
 benjenigen, 
 btejentgen. 
 
DETERMINATIVE PRONOUNS. 147 
 
 2. ^erjCtUJJC is followed by a relative pronoun, and is 
 variously rendered he, she, that, the one, those, &c. : 
 
 2)erjemge, ber ftolj tfi, i|t tt)5rid)t. He who is proud, is foolish. - 
 
 SDfcjemgen, tt>eld)e nadUdfftg (tub, fi3n^ Those who are negligent cannot 
 
 nen unmogltd) »iel Ierncn. possibly learn much. 
 
 $ermetbe benjentgen 3Jtomt, ber Iad)elt, Avoid that man who smiles when 
 
 tt>enn er jorntg \% he is angry. 
 
 3. For berjentfle bet is often substituted, in which use, with 
 nouns, it has the declension of the article ; without a noun, it 
 has the declension of the relative ber, except that the genitive 
 plural is bmr : 
 
 Die, t»eld)e (or bte) bie SBafjrfjeit ntdjt Those who do not love the truth 
 Itefien, finb md)t juttcrlafftg. are not reliable.— 
 
 SBte traurig ijl bad £ood berer, beren How sad is the lot of those whose 
 $reuben imb £offnungen fid) auf bte* joys and hopes are limited (limit 
 
 fed Seben befd)ranfen ! themselves) to this life ! 
 
 4. When a subordinate sentence beginning with focr or toa§ 
 precedes an independent one, the latter is often introduced by 
 the determinative pronouns bet or bttl : 
 
 SBcr ntd)t fyoren ttnfl, ber mup fufylett. He who will not hear, must feel. 
 
 23ad bu fjeute t&un fannji, bad »erfd)te&e What you can do to-day, (that) do 
 ntd)t auf morgen. n °t postpone till to-morrow. 
 
 5. 29Bcr and tt)tt§, like wAo and what in English, are often 
 used with the force of relative and determinative pronouns : 
 SBer metnen ©eutel jriefilt, fHeflft £anb. Who steals my purse, steals trash. 
 Sad er gefagt W, ift md)t ttafyr. What he has said is not true. 
 £oppe(t gtbt (berjenige, ttelcber), toer Doubly gives (he) who promptly 
 
 gletd) gtbt (badjentgc, tt>eld)ed), Wad gives what ^that which) is wished 
 
 man nmnfdjt unb liefct. and loved. 
 
 6. ^crfclBc is sometimes substituted for personal pronouns : 
 
 1. After a preposition, when the pronoun does not refer to a person : 
 
 (£r l)at meine $eber unb fd)tetf)t mtt ber- He has my pen and writes with it 
 felfcen (or bamtt). (with the same or therewith). 
 
 2. To avoid ambiguity or repetition : 
 
 IDicfc £eute finb unfere 9kd)barn, fennen These people are our neighbors ; do 
 Sie biefelben (fennen <3ie fie) ? you know them (the same) ? 
 
 Gr lofet ben tfnafcen, ftett berfelfce feme He praises the boy because he (the 
 Gutter et)rt. same) honors his mother. 
 
148 
 
 LESSON 29. 
 
 7. S-Oldjn* is frequently followed by a relative pronoun, 
 which in this position is rendered by as : 
 
 %$ lefe nur foidjje 23itd)er, tie lefyrreid) I read only such books, as (which) 
 
 fmb. are instructive. — 
 
 ®tfc ed ©oldjen, ix>eld>e e3 serbtenen. Give it to such as deserve it. 
 
 8. 3u(ff)Cr is sometimes substituted for a demonstrative 
 or a personal pronoun : 
 
 Die ©dmefltgfcit, mit ber (5old)e3 au$* 
 gefitfjrt »or, Itcfl bem ^einbe feme 
 3eit, e3 gu serfytnbern. 
 
 SSftcm kftraft bie Seller an ben $tnbern, 
 bamit fie foldje nic^t tmebcr kgeben. 
 
 The rapidity with which this (such) 
 was executed, did not leave the 
 foe time to prevent it. 
 
 One punishes the faults of the chil- 
 dren, that they may not commit 
 them again. 
 
 9. A pjonoun, to which a relative refers, may sometimes fol- 
 low the relative or be entirely omitted, but the relative is never, 
 as in English, omitted : \ 
 
 Die er gemefjrt Ijat, mijgen urn i(m 
 
 rcetnen. 
 Die e$ genoffen Ija&en, benen ijl e§ 
 
 tfyeuer. 
 3d) fd)dme mid) ber SRoUt, bte td) 
 
 fpiett\ 
 
 (Those) that he has aggrandized 
 
 may weep for him. 
 To those who have enjoyed it, it 
 
 is dear. 
 I shame me of the part (that) I 
 
 played. 
 
 fiefttfltt 29. Lesson 29. 
 
 // DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 Setfjnele. 
 
 DiefeS 23ud) tfl ntd)t baSjenige, rod$c$ 
 
 id) bet ifjm beftettt I)ak. 
 Da3 ftnb ntd)t bte $ferbe, ttetdje (or bte) 
 
 er roitnfdjt. 
 Die Ceute, beren £aufer afcgeBrannt ftnb, 
 
 Bauen neue. 
 DiefeS SRaftr'mcffcr ift ftyarfer, aU baS 
 
 be3 Mariners'. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 This hook is not the one which I 
 have ordered from him. 
 
 Those are not the horses which (or 
 that) he wishes. 
 
 The people whose houses are burned 
 are building new ones. 
 
 This razor is sharper than the bar- 
 ber's (that of the barber). 
 
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 H9 
 
 SBbrterfterjeidjnife. 
 
 2>er Sfrafcr, -* # pi. - Arabian. 
 £>er SBofyme, -n, pi. -n, Bohemian. 
 £>er Dieb, -c*, pi. -e, thief, fcl = th. 
 £>er sperfer, -3, pi. - Persian. 
 £)er Kilter, -3, pi. -, judge. 
 Dct ©panter, -3, pi. -, Spania 
 $ie SSebeutung, -, pi. -en, meaning. 
 $03 2Bort, -eS, pi. Sorter, word. 
 9H>fd)ieb netymen, take leave. 
 (£ger, -$, Eger. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 $ort, away ; forth, t == th. 
 
 ©ebrcm'djen, to use. 
 
 ©eMr'ttg, native (©dmrt, birth). 
 
 ©liidltd), happy (lucky, fl = — ). 
 
 Siefc, dear (lief. 6 = f). 
 
 $rdd)tig, splendid, bright. J) = b. 
 
 ©tefylcn, to steal, c = ea. 
 
 Xrctuen, trust (obs. trow, all » ow) 
 
 Urtertraglid), intolerable. 
 
 2krfd)te'ben, several, different. 
 
 dm unb fedjjtgfte §(ufgaBe. 
 
 1. £)er (1.) ba unb id), »lt [tub aus Sger gcbttrtig. 2. SSer ftnb 
 bie Sente tort ? 3. £)cr ift etn 33b'l)me, biefer tft em Slraber unb 
 jener bort ift etn $erfer. 4, "Der tft mit Setb unb <See(e bein, 
 5. £>as ift and) giner, bem fte 3U otel trauen ; 9ttura'ba3 nennt er 
 fid), cin ©pattiet. 6. Diefer 'Mann liebt fetnen 23ruber, aber bcffcn 
 .ftinber finb U)m unertraglid). 7. £>a3 fm*> mc * ne 5ttd)tet\ 8 « £>*« 
 bu bier fte()ft, bad ift ber $art nid)t me^r, ber in SHfa'Ia son bir 
 $bfd)ieb nat)tn. 9. 2Ber red)t hanbelt, ber ift aud) glitd(id) unb 
 gufrieben. 10. Diefer 2Bagen ift prad)tig, ber ba ift prad)tiger, 
 aber ber be3 Staufmanni ift ber prad)tigfte, ben id) je gefcben (27. 6.). 
 11. Wan gebrand)t bad SSort „bte" in »erfd)iebenen 23ebetttnngen, 
 3. 53. (i. e. 3um 33eifpiel) bie (biefe or fene) finb bie (biejenigen), bie 
 (toe(d)e) bie ^inber fucben. 12. £)iefeS 53ud) ift mir Hcb ; met e$ 
 fttefylt, ber ift ein Dieb. 13. S3er ftnb bie, bie eben f)ier geroefen 
 ftnb ? 14. Gs ftnb alte greunbe s>on nnS (12. 7.), bie mir I)eute 
 gum erften Sflale (23. 5.) feit fiinf 3«bren gefefyen baben. 15. 
 Stiffen @ie, urn noie^teX Uijr (or um rocldje 3 e *t) er gefommen ift ? 
 16. 3$ roei§, mamt er fort ging (11. 8.), aber nid)t, mann er 
 nneber gefommen tft. 
 
 Exercise 62. 
 
 -1. My house is good, yours is better, and the judge's (that of 
 the judge) is the best. 2. Have the boys your carriage or your 
 
150 LESSON 29. 
 
 father's 1 3. They have neither his nor mine, but the officer's 
 (that of the officer). 4. Those horses yonder are better than 
 : these. 5. Who are those ? 6. These are the people who were y 
 here day before yesterday. 7. Who are the ladies with whom <^ 
 you were talking 1 8. The one in the carriage is my mother, 
 the other is the wife of that Bohemian whom you see yonder. 
 9. Those are sweet apples, these are sour ones. 10. Tnose bot- 
 tles are larger than these. 11. Your carriage is better than 
 that one yonder. 12. Mr. Nagel loves his neighbor, but not 
 his (the neighbor's) children. 13. That book I have often read. 
 14. Do you know who that is? 15. Are £nW# bur neighbors ? 
 1 6. No, tftejr are strangers. 1 7. These are my sheep and those 
 of my neighbor. 
 
 ©rammaitfdjcS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. $er, btC, btt3, when emphasized, supply as demonstrative 
 pronouns the place of btcfcr and jcitcr : 
 
 3d) lobe ben 9flarm, ntdjt btefert. I praise that man, not this one. 
 
 3d) lobe belt 9ftann, md)t jenen. I praise this man, not that one. 
 
 £ttS 33ud) fjabe id) fdjort gelefen. This book I have already read. 
 
 2Ber ift bcr? $Clt fertile id) ntdjt. Who is that (or this) ? Him I do 
 
 not know. 
 
 2. When the demonstrative bcr is used with a noun, it has 
 the declension of the definite article ; used substantively, it 
 follows the inflection of the relative bcr : 
 
 £ett SWarmem t)abe id) ba3 ®elb fd)ort To those men I have already sent 
 
 gefd)tdt. the money. 
 
 3ebermatm toirb eud) loben, ba§ iljr Everybody will praise you, that you 
 
 benett (i. e. the rulers) WXt SRiim* have declared war (feud) against 
 
 berg getyb 1 angefunbtgt Ijabt. those of Nuremberg. 
 
 3. The Demonstrative bcr may often be best rendered by a 
 personal pronoun ; its genitive, like that of the relative bcr, 
 always precedes the governing noun : 
 
 gfifjt eud) bcr (that one) tterfolgen ? Does he cause you to be pursued ? 
 
 $CC fd)abet ntd)t mer)r, id) l)ab' iljn er* He will do no more harm, I Have 
 fd)lagert. slain him. 
 
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 151 
 
 4. The genitives beffett, bctttt are often used (like the 
 French en) as a substitute for a noun previously expressed, and 
 are sometimes rendered by some, any, and sometimes do not 
 require translation : 
 
 (£r $at fctn ©elb utefyr, after id) Ija&e He has no longer any money, but 
 
 beffeit nod). I still have some (of it). 
 
 3$ Jjcme feme SBudjtx, imb bit fyaft I have no hooks and yon have (of . 
 
 uCfCtt ju Mel. „ them) too many. 
 
 5. The forms beg and toefj (better beg and ft)C§) for the 
 genitive bcffcit and tOPffcit frequently occur, rhetorically and in 
 some proverbial phrases : 
 
 (£r tft befjtwgen mem $emb. He is therefore my enemy. 
 
 $e8 riiljme ber blufge Styrann ftd) Let not the bloody tyrant boast 
 
 tttdjt. (himself) of this. 
 
 SBefe ba3 £er3 *ott tft, be§ geljt ber Of what the heart is full, of that 
 
 Wlunb itber. the mouth runs over. 
 
 6. $tefe3 (often contracted to btCg), bttg, jcitc§, ttffcg, and 
 Meld) el, as subjects of the verb fettt (like the French ce), 
 although neuter in form, may refer to nouns of all genders and 
 of both numbers : 
 
 £)te3 fmb uttfere ^reimbe. These are our friends. 
 
 SBeriftbaS? Who is that? 
 
 2Be(d)e3 fmb bte langftett 9^dd)te ? Which are the longest nights ? 
 
 ©tub bct3 md)t Ungarn? Are not those Hungarians ? 
 
 9lem, e3 finb Socmen. No, they are Bohemians. 
 
 JBBteberljolttttg. RecapitulatioiL 
 
 Drei und seehzigste Aufgabe. 
 
 1. Was ist im (24. 2.) Wesentlichen der Inhalt der ersten 
 neunzehn Lektionen 1 2. Was lehrt die zwanzigste Lektion % 
 3. Wie viele Arten von Deklinationen der Adjektive gibt es 
 (13. 12.) % 4. Welches sind ihre Unterschiede 1 5. Welche 
 Endung im mannlichen und sachlichen Geschlecht hat der 
 Genitiv der Einzahl der Adjektive in der alten Deklination 
 gewohnlicM 6. Welche Form haben die Adjektive der alten 
 
152 LESSON 29. 
 
 Deklination im Nominativ der Mehrzahl 1 7. Welche Endung 
 haben sie in alien Casus und Geschlechtern, wenn (15. 8.) dm en 
 der bestimmte Artikel vorangeht 1 8. Wie bildet man den 
 Komparativ und Sriperlativ der Adjektive 1 9. Welches ist die 
 Form des Superlativs von "gross"? 10. Welche Adjektive 
 ausser "gross" haben einen unregelmassigen Komparativ und 
 Superlativ 1 11. Wie bildet man den absoluten Superlative 
 12. Welche Adjektive schreibt man mit einem grossen Anfangs- 
 buchstaben % 13. Nenne einige von Adverbien abgeleitete Ad- 
 jektive ! 14. Was ist der Inhalt der drei und zwanzigsten Lek- 
 tion ] 15. Wie heissen (6. 5.) die vier Jahreszeiten im Deut- 
 schen 1 ? 16. Wie heissen die Monate] wie die Tage der Woche 1 ? 
 17. Wie viele Arten von Zahlwortern lernen wir in dieser Lek- 
 tion kennen 1 ? 18. Welcher Unterschied ist zwischen "einmal" 
 und "einmal""? 19. Welche Prapositionen regieren den Dativ 
 und Akkusativ 1 20. Nenne einige Prapositionen, die sich mit 
 dem bestimmten Artikel in ein Wort zusammenfassen lassen ! 
 21. Welche Adverbien lassen sich mit Prapositionen zu einem 
 Worte verbinden 1 22. Was lehrt uns die fiinf und zwanzigste 
 Lektion ] 23. Wie gebraucht man " selbst," und wie iibersetzt 
 man es] 24. Wovon handelt die sechs und zwaozigste Lek- 
 tion 1 25. Zu welcher Klasse von Wbrtern gehoren " der- 
 jenige," " derselbe " und "solcher'"? 26. Was ist der Inhalt 
 der acht und zwanzigsten Lektion 1 27. Was lehrt uns diese 
 (die neun und zwanzigste) Lektion ? 28. Wodurch unter- 
 scheidet sich (9. 6.) die alte Conjugation der Verben von der 
 neuen 1 29. Wie viele Verben der alten Conjugation bilden 
 ihr Prasens, wie Verben der neuen 1 30. W T elche Verben der 
 alten Conjugation verandem ihren W r urzelvokal in der zweiten 
 und dritten Person des Prasens der Einzahl in Is 9 31. Wie 
 viele Tinregelmassige Verben gibt es im Deutschen % 32. 
 Nenne einige unregelm'assige Verben. 33. Wann wird (14. 5.) 
 der Infinitiv im Deutschen durch das Partizip des Prasens im 
 Englischen iibersetzt 1 34. Wie bildet man in Verben der 
 neuen Conjugation das Partizip des Perfekts ! l 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 153 
 
 Mtion 30. 
 
 Lesson 30. 
 
 VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 <Srfie $raffe. 
 
 Pres. Inf. Impcrf. Per/. Part. 
 
 Binfcen, bind ; feanfc, gcfmnfcen. 
 
 brtngen,penetrate ;brang, gebrllngen. 
 finDen, find ; fanb, gefunben. 
 gettngen, succeed ; gelang, gelungen. 
 fltngen, sound ; flang, geftttngen. 
 ringen, struggle ; rang, gerltngen. 
 fcfrlingen, wind ; fd)lang, gefd)tungen. 
 fd)tt>inben, disap- fd)ftttnb,gefd)tt)Unben. 
 
 pear; 
 fd)roingen, swing ; fd)tt>ang,gefd)ir>ungen. 
 fingen, sing ; fang, gefungen. 
 ftnfen, sink ; funf, gefunfen. 
 fpringen, spring ; fprttng, gefprllngen. 
 ftinfcn, stink ; ftanf, gefUtnfen. 
 trinfcn, drink ; tranf, getrltnfen. • 
 ttinben, wind ; roanb, gerottnben. 
 jttHitgen, compel ; srotlng, gejrcungen. 
 6e0inncn f begin;6c0ttnn f ficgonncn. 
 geroinncn, win ; gctt>ann, geroonnen. 
 rinnen, run ; rann, geronnen. 
 fd)wimmen,swim;fd)roamm,gefd)roommen 
 fhncn,meditate ; fann, gefonnen. 
 fptnnen, spin ; fpann, gefponnen. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 
 Impcrf . Perf.Part. 
 
 6efel)Ien,commanc 
 
 1 ; kfaljl, kfoljleit. 
 
 bergen, hide ; 
 
 ftarg, geborgen. 
 
 fcCrften, burst ; 
 
 fcttrfr, gefcorften. 
 
 bred)en, break ; 
 
 ln-ttd), gefcrockn. 
 
 brcfd)en (2.), thresh 
 
 ; brttfd), gcbrofdjen. 
 
 empfefyten, commend; empfttf)t,empfof)len. 
 
 gelten, pass ; 
 
 gait, gegolten. 
 
 fyelfen, help ; 
 
 f)ttlf, gefjOtfen. 
 
 nefcmen (3.), take ; 
 
 nafym, genommen. 
 
 fd)Cltert, scold ; 
 
 fd)Ott, gefd)Oltcn. 
 
 fd)VCden(4.), frighten ;fd)rttcf, gefd)vOdcn. 
 
 fpredien, speak ; 
 
 fprad), gefprod)en. 
 
 fied)en, stab ; 
 
 frad), geftockn. 
 
 ftccfen (5.), stick ; 
 
 ftacf, geftocfen. 
 
 fie()Ien, steal ; 
 
 ftaM, gefloln'en. 
 
 fierkn, die ; 
 
 \twb, geftorkn. 
 
 trCffen, hit ; 
 
 rrttf, getroffen. 
 
 PerbCrkrt (4.), de- 
 
 perbavkPerbOrkn. 
 
 stroy 
 
 
 fterfccn, sue ; 
 
 •nark, gcttOrkn. 
 
 werfcn, throw ; 
 
 tt>arf, getrorfen. 
 
 fommcn(i.),come; 
 
 font, gcfommett. 
 
 0efiiircn(6.),bear; 
 
 gcliar, gc&oren. 
 
 Sctftitcle. 
 
 G3crabe ati roir Pirn il)m fpradjen, fam 
 
 er. 
 £3 ift eud) gelungen, ik |a6t ba$ -^erj 
 
 mtr k^nmngen. 
 Gr f)atte t(m mtr fek ttxrrm empfof)* 
 
 (en. 
 3d) ()a6e nie em fotckS ©efii^t cm* 
 
 pfunben. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Just as we were speaking of him, 
 
 he came. 
 You have succeeded, you have 
 
 gamed my heart. 
 He had recommended him very highly 
 
 to me. 
 I have never experienced such a 
 
 feeling. 
 
154 
 
 LESSON 30. 
 
 2BiJrtcrucr3Ctif}m&. y 
 
 $er StmSiletn, -*, pi. -t, pumice. v *- 
 £)er $eftung£graben, -4, pi. -graoe& 
 
 moat of the fortification. 
 !Dcv >Wbrber, -3, pi. - murderer. 
 £)er ©cfyiijje, -n, pi. -n, shooter, u = oo. 
 Der SBefW, -3, Mount Vesuvius. 
 £)er 3weig, -e$, pi. -e, branch ; twig. 
 $te Dtfferential'recbnung,- pi. -en, dif- 
 ferential calculus. 
 Die (Unabe, -, grace. 
 Die flugcl, -, pi. -n, ball. 
 Die Sftacfyforfcfyung, - pi. -en, investi- 
 gation. 
 Die Resolution', -, pi. -en, revolution^ 
 Die <3d)tlbtt)adje, -, pi. -n, sentinel. 
 Die @d)recfen^sett, -, pi. -en, reign of ter- 
 ete £anne, -, pi. -n, fir-tree. [ror. 
 Die 3Sorftdjt3maJ3reget, -, pi. -n, pre- 
 cautionary measure. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Die 2Beltfyerrfd)aft, -, domination of the 
 Die Belle, -, pi. -n, cell. [world. 
 
 $tt§ Slutgeriift, -ed, pi. -e, scaffold. 
 DaS 3iel, -e$, pi. -e, target, mark, 
 ©efprecfyen, to confer ; bespeak. e = ea. 
 (itfrtg, zealous. 
 (Sntfom'men, escape. 
 (Entrin'ncn, escape, run away. 
 (£nttt>er'fen, project ; design, 
 ©rfltn'gen, sound, resound, 
 ©rfin'nen, invent, devise, 
 ©rfie'cfyen, stab (stick. e=i ; cl)=k). 
 ©enial', genial. 
 •Soersor'ragcnb, prominent, 
 ^artljago, Carthage. 
 9kifen, to travel (rise, ei = i). 
 <Stet3, always. 
 UeberiDtn'ben, overcome. 
 2>erfcfytr>in'ben, disappear. 
 
 $icr uni) fedjjtgftc Wufpfie. 
 
 1. 3f* £err 9?agel fyeute ^ier gewefen ? 2. %a, er tarn tyiertyer, 
 urn eintge ©efdjafte rait 3fynen ju befpred)en, ba (15. 8.) er nocfy 
 benfelben 2lbenb nad) £)armftabt reifen tvollte. 3. ^abert <3ic 
 biefem $naben StroaS tterfprocfyen ? 4. 9?ein, id) tyabe ifym 9Mdjt$ 
 oerfprocfyen. 5. ©djiller, geboren am lOten 9fot>ember 1759 gu 
 9ftarbad) am 9tedar, mar einer ber genialften Dieter after 3^iten. 
 6* £)er 23anmeifter, meldjer ben $lan fiir ben 33an bes Joiner 
 £)ome3 entwarf, ift nnbefannt 7. Robespierre nnb Canton, bie 
 gwet tyersorragenbften banner in ber ©cfyrecfensjeit ber franjofl- 
 fd^en toolntion, ftarben betbe auf bem 23Inrcjernfte. 8. Der 
 ©efangene fprang au$ bem ^enfter feiner 3 eu % erftacb bie <5d)t(b* 
 wadjc, fcfymamm turd) ben ^eftnngsgraben un ^ cntfam troi} ber 
 etfrtgften 9cad)forfd)nngen. 9. £fyeobor Corner, am 2Gften 2luguft 
 1813 »on einer feinblidjen $nq,et getroffen, fan! som $ferbe nnb 
 ftarb anf ber ©Me. 10. £)er 33aner fyat ben SBeijen gebrofcfyen. 
 11. Der Rioter empfafyl ben SRflrfcer ber ©nabe be3 $5maA 
 
7 j VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 1^5 
 
 12. Sct6nt3, ein in fa|t alien 3tuetgen be3 SBiffcn^ f)ert>orragenber 
 ($etft, erfann bie 3)ifferettttalredmnng. 13, T)it Zanmn ftnt> im 
 ©tnrm gebrodjetu 14. 23on ben fcfyonen Stebern, bie (27. 1.) *>or 
 3eiten in 3^anb erflangen, ftnb etntge Mg 3U und gebrungen. 
 15. $arl ber ©roge jroang bie son tfym Beftegten Golfer gnr 2tn* 
 nafyme be3 GfyrtftentfynmS. 16. Stfyemif'rofles itberroanb bie $erfer 
 in ber <Sd)lad)t bet SalamiS 480 $or (£t)riftt ®ebnrt. 17. !Xro0 
 ajler 33or[td)t3mafjregeln entrann ber ©efangene. 18. 9tom nnb 
 $artf)a'go rangen lange mit etnanber nm bie 2Belt|errfd)aft. 19. 
 $ompe'j;i »erfcfyn?anb betm 2lndbrnd)e bees $efn» tm 3<*()re 79 nad) 
 Gfyrtfto unter einem SRegen son 3lfd)e nnb 23tm3ftetnen. 20. &in 
 guter ©diujje trifft ftete fein S^* 
 
 Exercise 65. 
 
 1. You have promised this boy something, have you not 
 (13. 3.)] 2. No, but he has promised to visit me. 3. The 
 name of the architect who designed the plan for (the cathedral 
 in Cologne) the most celebrated building in the known world is 
 now unknown. 4. The gentleman to whom (27. 2.) you recom- 
 mended me received me very kindly. 5. The sailors sprang 
 into the water ; some swam and some sank. 6. There (25. 2.) 
 came yellow birds upon our trees. 7. Johann Wolfgang Goethe, 
 born ten years before Schiller, died twenty-seven years after 
 him ; he has been called the " Shakespeare of Germany " or the 
 " German Shakespeare." 8. The children spoke and sang too 
 loud. 9. The thieves stole all that they found. 10. I drank 
 nothing but coffee. 11. We saw the bear, but he did not see 
 us. 12. I have found no strawberries to-day. 13. Why have 
 you recommended this book to me? 14. This is not the book 
 "that I recommended to you. 15. The song was beautifully 
 (1. 3.) sung. 1G. Not every one (13. 10.) who throws stones 
 hits the mark. 17. Leonidas with his Spartans died the death 
 of a hero for his fatherland. 18. Our plan succeeded. 19. 
 The birds disappeared behind the trees. 20. We were com- 
 pelled to wait. 
 
 *C 
 
156 
 
 LESSON 30. 
 
 ©rammattfdjes. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. In verbs of the first class the root-vowel is different in 
 each principal part, with the single exception of fnuuimt, which 
 has the same vowel in the Inf. and Perf. Part. : 
 
 Pres. Inf. finfcen. Imperf fant). Perf. Part, gefuntem 
 " " fommem {,' fom. " " gefflmmen. 
 
 2. ^rcflljCtt has in the Imperf. both the Old Form and the 
 New, and also the more common, but irregular form, broftfj. 
 
 3. 9iCfjmcn forms the second and third pers. sing., pres. 
 
 ntmmft, nimmt. 
 
 4. <&d)XCdcn, or usually Crfdjrerfett, and UerberBcit, as intran- 
 sitive verbs, follow the Old Form : id) erfdjiaf, er i(l erfdjmifett ; 
 ?$ tJCrfcatlJ, C3 ijl tirrborbcn ; as transitive verbs, they follow the 
 New Form : er crfdjrctfie mid) ; toit Ijabm ifyn crfdjrccft ; er tiers 
 berate i()tt ; t>u X>aft it>n tierbcrBt. 
 
 5. Stcrfcit follows the Old or New Form in the Imperf. : e3 
 fttt(! or e3 ftctftc ; but in the Perf . Part, mostly the New. 
 
 6. ©clwrcit changes the root-vowel in the second and third 
 pers. sing., pres. to k : gcMcrjt, Qtblttt. 
 
 fiettion 31. 
 
 Lesson 31. 
 
 
 VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION (continued). 
 
 
 Stotitt mafje. 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 
 Pres. Inf. Imperf. Perf. Part. 
 
 Pres. Inf. Iawperf. Perf. Part. 
 
 effen (2.), eat ; afc, gcgeffcn. 
 
 fef)en, see ; fob, 
 
 gefeften. 
 
 frfflen, eat ; fmp, gefreffen. 
 
 treten (3.), tread ; trttt, 
 
 getrCten. 
 
 gefren, give ; goi>, gegeben. 
 
 mgeffcn, forget ; ttergap, 
 
 »ergcffcn. 
 
 genefcn, recover ; genttS, gcnefen. 
 
 bitten (l.), beg ; 6 at, 
 
 gckten. 
 
 gefcfyefyen, occur ; gefd)<lf), gef*efyen. 
 
 ft£en (1.), sit ; fa§, 
 
 gefeffen. 
 
 ICfcn, read ; IftS, gelefen. V 
 
 itegen (l), lie ; lag, 
 
 gefegen. 
 
 meffen, measure ; map, gemcffen. 
 
 
 
j 
 
 VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 157 
 
 SBeifJriele. 
 
 $a\t bu fcergeffen, voa$ id) bir fagte ? 
 3d) fyabe u)n um SSerjetfyimg gebetert. 
 3Bann ijakn Bk 3f)ren ftreutib, £errn 
 
 SBecfer, nim Iefcten Sftale gefefjea ? 
 3d) fa(> ifyn sorgeftern 2lbenb, furg efye 
 
 ber 3ug nad) $rag abfuijr. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Have you forgotten Avhat I told you ? 
 
 I have begged his pardon. - 
 
 When did you last see your friend, 
 Mr. Becker ? 
 
 I saw him night before last, just be- 
 fore the train started for Prague. 
 
 S®5rfertier$eirfjnt&. 
 
 $Ct $der, -3, pi. Sleder, field ; acre. 
 /^k^£)er 2luffd)tt)img, -$, elevation. 
 r 2)cr Stfer, -$, zeal. 
 2)er SucH -t$, pi. $ud)fe, fox. u = ov 
 Dcr ©eome'ter, - pi. - surveyor. 
 $te 9lrmee', -, pi. -n, army. 
 Die Csnergie', -, energy. 
 2Me Sagb, - pi. -en, chase (yacht). v 
 £)ie itranffoeit, -, pi. -en, sickness. \ 
 Die 9?u§fd)ate, -, pi. -n, nut-shell. 
 Die Ueberga&e, - pi. -n, surrender. 
 $a§ £uf)n, -e<3, pi. £itl)ner, fowl. 
 Da3 <5d)ifflem, -3, pi. -, little ship. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 9Iit$gebreitet, extensive. 
 
 SBefom'men, get, become possessed of. 
 
 23cra'ti)en, to advise. 
 
 iBcjWtn'gen, overpower. 
 
 £uten, keep, heed, u - ee ; t = d. 
 
 llefcel, bad ; evil. ii = e; t) = v; c = i. 
 
 3Sermeffen, survey, measure. 
 
 SBerftcinbig, intelligent. 
 
 3ertre'ten, tread down, e — ea ; t — d. 
 
 3iemlid), pretty, tolerably. 
 
 BucrjV, first (erst). 
 
 3u SWittag effen, dine. 
 
 SetfjS unb fedjjigfte ^ufgaBco 
 
 1. SBatteujrein lag ttier donate t>or Straifunb', ofyne (10. 6.) 
 bie <£tabt jur Uebergabe groingen gu !6nnen. 2. £)ie Sager ger^ 
 traten im (Eifer ber 3<*gb bie Setter biefeS armen Cannes. 3. 
 ©nftas 2lbolp(), ${mig son <2djn>eben, begfoang tie Prince Stuys 
 bet 33reitenfe(b am ftebgebnten September 1631. 4. £)er ©eometer 
 bat geftern bie Slecfer ber Jperren (Sdjmibt unb Sftiifler vermeffen. 
 5. 3d) bat meinen 2>ater, mir Corner's $ebid)te 511 faufen, unb er 
 serfprad) e3 mir. 6. £)er $)inb bites bag letcfyte <Sd)iff(ein n>ie 
 (13. 5.) eine 9ht§fcfyale iiber bao ©after. 7. £er lefcte SIpfel ift 
 yon biefem 23aume gefattcn. 8. 3ft 3()r Sruber £cinrid) mm 
 fciner ^rant^ett genefen ? 9. ®eftern befanb er fid) gtcmUd) wcljl, 
 aber fyeute mug er nncber bad 33ctt bitten. 10. geibuig U'(id)tc 
 burd) feine Snergie unb fetn au$gebrettetes Stiffen einen neuen 
 
158 LESSON 31. 
 
 2Iuffd)tt?mt$ in bad getfHa,e 2efcen £)eutfd)lant$. 11. 2Bir fyakm 
 ifyn immcr fur einen »erftanfcta,en 9ftann gcljaltcn. 12. £>er $ud)3 
 ftng tad $uf)n, ftuiftrent e3 fd)lief. 13. 28tr rtefen tie (Sdjiiler, 
 aber fie famen nid)t ju un$. 14. (Sic fyabcn itjn iibel beratfyen. 
 15. £aben ©tc fd)on ju 9#tttaa, (jegeffen ? 10. 3a, mv afen 
 fycute friifyer, aid g,ennU)nltd). 17. £aben @ie tern £unbe fcfoon 
 St»a$ ju frejfen QtQtbtn ? 18. 9?em, er befommt urn fciefe 3cit 
 9?id}te ; er fyat fcfyon »or etncr @tunte gefrejfen. 19. (Ed gcfdjaft, 
 wit ter $onia, bcfcfyten fyatte. 20. 2Sie befmbet pdj ^rofeffor 
 9M)r? 2L <£r fcefmfcet fid? fcejfer. 
 
 •""SSL .a*V 
 
 The Jew eats no pork, has never eaten it, considers it sin- 
 ful" 'to eat it. 2. The book that you have given to me I have 
 
 ,/■■ 
 
 read. 3. Did you read it before you gave it to me 1 4. What 
 my brother once sees he never /forgets. 5. Sick soldiers were 
 sitting and lying everywhere in the streets and begging for aid. 
 6. Yesterday you forgot your hammer and to-day you have for- 
 gotten your plane. 7. The horse has eaten the oats^and is now 
 eating the hay, but it has not yet drank. 8. The traveler has 
 eaten his dinner, but has not drank his coffee. 9 % The soldiers 
 recovered very slowly. 10. Several of them nave not yet (13. 
 6.) recovered- \1. Miltiades overcame the Persians at Mara- 
 thon. 12. Did you meet^Mr. Miller at CasseH 13. No, sir, I 
 did not meet him, but I met an old friend of mine (12. 7.), Mr. 
 Keller. 14. When have you measured the height of this moun- 
 tain 1 15. I measured it three days ago. 16. How long have you 
 lain sick from your wound % 1 7. I have been sick about three 
 weeks, but I have not lain continually in bed. 18. The phy- 
 sician allowed me to rise, but I was compelled to keep the room. 
 19. Has the dog eaten the meat 1 ? 20. He has eaten the meat 
 and drank the water. 21. After we had read the history of the 
 German empire under Frederick Barbarossa (i. e. Red Beard), 
 we admired him as the greatest man of his century. 
 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 159 
 
 ©rammattfrljcS. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. In the second class the Per/. Part, has the same root- 
 vowel as the Inf., except in the verbs luttftt, ItegCtt, and ft^Clt, 
 which, like those of the first class, have a different root-vowel in 
 each part : 
 
 Pres. Inf. geften. Imperf. gain Perf. Part, g eg eft en. 
 " ftj3en. " fag. " " gefcffetu 
 
 2. dffctt inserts rj in the Perf. Part. ; thus, gegeffen, instead 
 of geeffen. 
 
 3. !Xtctett forms the second and third pers. sing., pres. tttttft, 
 
 tvitt. 
 
 Mtion 32. 
 
 Lesson 32. 
 
 VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION (continued). 
 
 Critic ®faffe. 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 fittrfCtt (2.), bake 
 ftU)ren, drive ; 
 grttfcn, dig ; 
 V labett (3.), load ; 
 ntttljlen (4.), grind 
 
 Imperf. Perf. Part [ Pres. Inf. 
 
 Imtf, flebatfctt. fd)ttffen, create ; 
 
 fuftr, gefnbren. | fd>Togcn, beat ; 
 
 grttb, gegrdbcn. tragen, bear ; 
 
 lltb, gelttbcn. 'tMd)fen, increase 
 (mafolte), gemafylen. ftafd)en, wash ; 
 
 Imperf. Perf. Part. 
 fd)Uf, gefd)ttffcn. 
 fd)lug, gefd)legen. 
 trttg, gctragen. 
 tvud^, gett>ad)fen. 
 ttUfdj, gercafcfyen. 
 
 Sctfjitclc. 
 
 £uefc# 33rob i|t gut gefcatfetu 
 £<er teller ift fd>on gegvakn. 
 T)k $Unte tjt nid)t gelaben. 
 (53 Ijat cben elf gefd)(agen. 
 £>er 9?egen f)at bie 23aunte gemafdjen; 
 bic @emufe ftnb rafd) gcn>ad)fen. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 This bread is well baked. 
 The cellar is already dug. 
 The gun is not loaded. 
 It has just struck eleven. 
 The rain has washed the trees ; the 
 vegetables have grown rapidly. 
 \ 
 
160 
 
 LESSOX 32. 
 
 SBiirtcriierjetdjmp. 
 
 $cr Slnfang, -3, pi. -fdnge, beginning. 
 £)er ©egriin'ber, -3, pi. - founder. 
 £)er 23lifc, -e$, pi. -e, lightning. 
 5£>Ct 23ud)Mnber, -3, pi. - bookbinder. 
 2>er CEtyarfrettag, -$, Good Friday. 
 2>er Stmkr, -3, pi. -n, Cimbrian. 
 £cr Eonful, -$» pi. -n, consul. 
 -£er ftrieben, -3, peace. 
 2)er ®et$f>al$, -e3, pi. -f)dlfe, niggard. 
 £er Seuto'ne, -n, pi. -n, Teuton. 
 2>te 23e&anb'lung, -, pi. -en, treatment. 
 2)te Dtc&tfunjt, - poetic art. 
 Die (£td)e, - pi. -n, oak. et = oa ; d) = k. 
 $ttS SWauIt&ier, -$, pi. -e, mule. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 X)a3 9ftetflertt>erf,-d, pi. -e, master-piece. 
 £)ct$ 9)ftr(id)5aumd)cn, -4, pi. - peach- 
 Da^ ^ortrdt', -3, pi. -e, portrait, [tree. 
 T>a$ Dtettertrejfen, -4, pi. -, cavalry com- 
 9lu3cman'ber, asunder. [bat. 
 
 33ela'ben, to load (lade). 
 Srfalj'rcn, learn. 
 6rtttt v gftt, suffer, endure. 
 SDfoittt, to paint, picture. 
 dli\)<i), rapid (rash). 
 Soe'ben, just, just now (eben, even). 
 23eref)'rcn, to honor. 
 SJergra'ben, bury (®rab, grave. & = v). 
 3u # ®tanbe brtngen, form, accomplish. 
 
 %tf)t unfa fecf^igfte ftufgafte. 
 
 1. liefer ©et^als sergrub fein ©olb. 2. Der Sader §at bad 
 23rob3nI)artgebaden. 3. ©oeben erfufyr id), wad bie ^enerdbrunft 
 in sortger SQoc^c »erurfad)te. 4, 2tm $nfang frf)uf (9ott £immel 
 itnb (Erbe. 5. $3omit (24. 3.) l)aben <5ie faiefe* Sfftanltfyier be* 
 laben? 6. 2£ir fyaben ed mit 9ftel)l belaben, bad nnd jener SRufler 
 gemafyten tjat 7. 2Ber l)at biefed 9>ortrat gemalt ? 8. 2Hbred)t 
 Diirer, ber 23egriinber ber neneren beittfd)en Sftalerei. 9. $jmtti* 
 bal fd)lug im 3a^re 218 &. Sfyr. ben romifdjen Sonfnl $nblind 
 (Sornctmd @cipio in etnem ^fteitertreffen. 10. $Ger ertrng je einc 
 fofdje 23el)anbUtng ! 11. £)iefed $ftrftd)banmd)en ift git rafd) gc= 
 wacfyfen. 12. SBarum wufd)en ©te nid)t 3(>re £anbe ? 13. 3d) 
 fyabe fie gewafdjen. 14, £aben ©te ©rimm'S beurfd)ed SBorter* 
 bnd) jnm- 33ud)binber getragen ? 15. 9Mn, id) fyafte ed ttergeffen. 
 16. Slid 9ftariud bie (Etmbern nnb Xentonen gefd)fagen batte, *>er- 
 etjrten tfyn bie Corner aid 33arer bed $aterlanbed. 17. Die (Eidje, 
 $om 53(it3 getroffen, barft audeinanber. 18. %lafy ber (Scfyladjt hn 
 3ama 202 ». Sfyr., i-n welcber bie Corner ben Cannibal iiberwan* 
 ben, brad)te £anno.ber ©ro§e einen $rieben mit ©cipio git ©tanbe. 
 19. ©otlje f>at ^eiftcrwerfe ber Dtd)tlunft gefd)affen. 20. dia* 
 pfiael (Santi, ber bernt)mtefte Scaler aller 3^^^ flarfe am S()ar* 
 frcirag, ben 6ten 2lpril 1520. 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 161 
 
 Exercise 69. 
 
 1. These boys struck each other. 2. They have also struck 
 the horse. 3. The rain washed the dust from the trees, the 
 fields, and the houses. 4. The miller has ground the wheat, 
 and the peasants have loaded their wagons with the flour. 5. 
 He who digs a pit for others often falls into it himself. 6. Has 
 the stolen watch been found (15. 5.) r < 7. It has not been found, 
 but it is known who has taken it. 8. Scipio defeated Hannibal 
 in the battle of Zama and ended the long war between Rome 
 and Carthage in the year 202 before Christ. 9. These trees 
 have not grown very fast. 10. Which books have you carried 
 to the bookbinder? 11. I have carried no books to him; I 
 have forgotten to do it. 12. The Romans honored Marius be- 
 cause (15. 8.) he defeated their enemies. 13. The lightning 
 has struck and split the old oak. 1 4. The children have been 
 digging holes in the garden. 15. You have given me more 
 money than him. 16. Have the children beaten each other 1 ? 
 17. No, they have beaten their wooden horses. 18. The book 
 that you recommended to me did not please me. 19. Bee- 
 thoven is (14. 5.) considered the greatest musician of the world. 
 20. He produced works full of the deepest thought and the 
 most sublime feeling. 
 
 ©rammatifdjel. Grammatical 
 
 1. In the third class the Perf. Part, has the same root-vowel 
 as the Inf. : 
 
 Pres. Inf. fd)ttffen. Imperf fd)ttf. Perf Part. gefd)ttffen. 
 
 2. ©atfett,- in the Imperf, is conjugated both in the Old 
 Form and in the New ; more properly in the Old Form when 
 intransitive, and in the New, when transitive : t>a3 33rot) fcltlf ; 
 but t>er 53iicfcr tmdk. 
 
 3. Sabttt has in the Imperf. both forms. 
 
 4. SRaljlctt takes the Old Form in the Perf. Part. only. 
 
 12 
 
162 
 
 LESSON 33. 
 
 Scftton 33. 
 
 Lesson 33. 
 
 verbs op the old conjugation (continued). 
 
 mtxtt Piaffe. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 fcfafCJt, blow ; 
 braten, roast ; 
 fallen, fall ; 
 fa '.ten (2.), fold ; 
 bttlten, hold ; 
 Iaffen, leave ; 
 ratben, advise ; 
 fttljen(2.), salt; 
 fd)lttfen, sleep ; 
 
 Imperf. 
 
 bites, 
 
 briet, 
 fiel, 
 
 (faltetc), 
 bjelt, 
 
 lieg, 
 rtetfj, 
 (faljte), 
 
 Per/. Part 
 nrblofcn. 
 
 gebraten. 
 
 gefoflen. 
 
 gefalten. 
 
 gcfyalten. 
 
 gclaffen. 
 
 geratljen.'- 
 
 gefaljen. 
 
 gefdjlttfen. 
 
 Fourth Class. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 fpttlten (2.), split ; 
 fonjjen, catch ; 
 
 fyttngen, hang ; 
 (jaueit (3.), cut ; 
 IttUfen, run ; 
 fto&CIt, push ; 
 
 Imperf. Perf Part. 
 (fpaltete), gefpalten. 
 
 ftnfl, 
 
 bjng, 
 
 lief, 
 
 gefangen. 
 
 gefjangen. 
 ncljaucn. 
 gelaufen. 
 gefiofeen. 
 
 febroten (2.),bruise ; (fdjrotete), gefd)rOten. 
 rufen, call ; ricf, gerufen. 
 
 Scifjiiele. 
 
 £>ie ©eele empfcingt (Einbritcfe t>on 5lu= 
 §en. 
 
 <3te empftngen mid) febj freunbltd). [ten ? 
 
 £aben 3ie fid) lange in 3)re3ben aufgefyal* 
 
 3d) ^iclt mid) nur einen Slag t>a auf. 
 
 (Er bjelt fid) ein Stettpferb. 
 
 (£r tritt meine Religion in ben (Staub 
 unb frrecft bie £anb aud nad) nteiner 
 $rone. 
 
 £er 9tojl frtft bad gtfen. 
 
 Slrnclb son SSinfelrieb entfd)ieb burdj 
 feine fyeroifdje Slufopferung ben ©teg 
 ber ©d)meij|er in ber <5d)lad)t bet 
 <5empad) am ntunten Suit 1386. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The soul receives impressions from 
 
 without. 
 They received me very kindly. 
 Did you stop long in Dresden ? 
 I remained there only a day. 
 He kept a saddle-horse. 
 He tramples my religion in the dust 
 
 and stretches out his hand for 
 
 (after) my crown. 
 Rust eats (corrodes) iron. 
 Arnold Winkelried decided, by the 
 
 heroic sacrifice of himself, the 
 
 victory of the Swiss in the battle 
 
 of Sempach on the ninth of July, 
 
 1386. 
 
 2SortetDer3eidjni&. 
 
 $er 23rei, -e$, pi. -e, broth, soup. 
 JDtt ®efdnnacf , -e3, pi. ®efd)macfe, 
 
 taste, savor. 
 2>er £ol$auer, -$, pi- -# wood-cutter. 
 ©er $noten, -3, pi. - knot. 
 ®er 9Jtatabor', -3, pi. -e, rnatadore. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 2)er 9lacfen, -3, pi . -, neck, a = e. 
 £)er 9toggen, -3, rye. 
 IDer (Stoff, -eg, pi. -e, stuff, mate- 
 rial. 
 £)cr ©tier, -e3, pi. -e, bull (steer) 
 £)er Skrfud)', -3, pi. -e, attempt. 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 163 
 
 25tC 9IuSfuf)rimg, -, arrangement. 
 
 £)ie Dampfmafd)tne, - pi. -en, steam- 
 engine. 
 
 2Me 3nbuftrie'au3jMung, -, pi. -en, 
 exhibition of industrial products. 
 
 2)te 50?afd)i'ne, - pi. -n, engine, ma- 
 chine. \ 
 
 2>te $rctd)t, - splendor, brightness. 
 
 2>te 9Jeid)^aIttgfeit, -, abundance. 
 
 £tt$ ©d)tt>crt, -rt, pi- -v, sword. 
 
 £ad 2krbtenft', -e$, pi. -e, merit. 
 
 5lnber3, in another way, otherwise. 
 
 Grtjal'tcn, to receive. 
 ®elmt)'ren, to be due. 
 ®orbifd), Gordian. 
 £&ngen, to hang. 
 3n ber Sfyat, indeed, t = d ; 
 £5fen, solve (loose. 5 = oo). 
 Unftveitig, indisputable. 
 SkrMn'ben, connect, bind. 
 ©erbte'nen, deserve. 
 Scrgefr'lid), ineffectual. 
 Serfal'jen, oversalt. j = t. 
 ^er^au'en, cut (hew) asunder. 
 
 a = ee. 
 
 <§tdi$tgftc tofgak. 
 
 1, <&k fdjlugen itjn, tt?af)renb er fd)lief. 2. Dtefer $nabe tjielt 
 mein $ferb, mal)rent> id) fd)lief. 3. SSiete .ftocfye ttcrfalaen ben 
 23ret. 4. £)er £oIa()auer fyat ba$ £ol3 gefpalten. 5. (Spfyiaf te$ 
 tterrietb; tie ©riecfyen an £erre3. 6. 3>r s IRatabor ftiej bent 
 ©Here (7. 4.) ba$ ©djmert in ben Wadm. 7. (Sie berietfcen ftdj 
 lange, cb fie tt^n fotlten laufen lajjen ober nid)t. 8. Wnn greuub, 
 £err SBalter, crl>alt jebe 2Bod)e einen 33rief son feinem SBruber. 
 9. SUeran'ber ber ©ro§e jerfyieb ben gorbifcben ^noten mit feinem 
 @d)it>erte nad) sielen »ergeblid)en 23erfud)en, itjn anf anbere SBeife 
 $u lofen. 10. 2)er (Sturm Mte3 ba$ fcfcmadje (Scfyiffletn, wie 
 (13. 5.) eine 9?uj}fd)ale umt)er. 11. 2Bie gcftel 3i)ncn bie 3n= 
 buftrieauSfteUung ju $ari$' im 34 r e 18G7? 12. @et)r gut, 
 id) r)abe nod) nie fo ttiel ©efdjmad mit einer fold)en 9teid)t)altigfeit 
 bes ©toffee unb $rad)t ber $u£fuhrung serbunben gefefycn. 13. 
 2Bal)renb 2lrtt)ur geftern mit feinem greunbe fpielte, pel er unb 
 brad) ben 3trm. 14. §akm <Sie bie 23ilber in 3fyvem 3^ntcr 
 anbers gefyangt? 15. 3a, bad 23ifb metneei Waters l)ing fyier, unb 
 id) tjafo e$ bortfyin gefyangt. 16. !TZero ftief ftd) ben £>old) in bie 
 53ruft unb ftarb im 3a()re 68 nad) Sbrijto mit ben Shorten : SBeidj 
 ein ^iinftler ftirbt mit mir. 17. T)a$ 33erbienft, eine $iafd)ine 
 erfunbcn 311 baben, bie ben 9?amcn einer £)ampfmafd)tue in ber 
 Zl)at serbicnt, gebiifyrt unftrcitig bem SngKinber %amt$ SBatt 
 18. T)tx Sutler fd)rotete geftern feinen 3ftoggen. 
 
164 LESSON 33. 
 
 Exercise 71. 
 
 1. Judas betrayed the Lord with a kiss. 2. The snow is fall- 
 ing rapidly. 3. The apples have (14. 4.) fallen from the trees. 
 4. I have cut and split their wood. 5. 1 have just received 
 your letter. 6. Have you guessed this riddle 1 7. No, I did 
 not try it ; 1 considered it too difficult. 8. The boys have been 
 throwing stones into the water. 9. One of the boys fell into 
 the water; he did not sink, but swam. 10. Who is the man 
 that is holding your horse 1 11. He is the same one who held 
 yours. 12. Our neighbor has advised us not to go to the city. 
 
 13. The boys ran after the fowls, but they did not catch them. 
 
 14. Here hangs the photograph of your friend; yesterday it 
 hung^ on the other side. 15. I have always considered our 
 neighbor, Mr. Schneider, an honest man. 16. All large cities 
 are connected by railroads. 17. Yesterday I received four let- 
 ters. 18. The father advises the children wisely. 19. Who 
 advised you to go to Sweden in order to learn Swedish 1 20. 
 No one has advised me to go to Sweden, but Professor Bern- 
 hard advised me to go with Mr. Werner, the painter, to Italy 
 in order to study the paintings of the most celebrated Italian 
 painters. 
 
 ©rammattffjjeg. Grammatical. 
 
 1. In the fourth class the Per/. Part, has the same root- 
 vowel as the Inf. : 
 
 Pres. Inf. Mafett. Imperf Mtc3. Perf. Part. geMafetu 
 " " fyauert. " fyieb. " " gefycuert. 
 
 2. JJalteit, faljCtt, tyaltett, and fcfjrotctt follow in the Imperf. 
 the New Form : faftete, fttljte, fjlttftete, ftfjtotete. In the Perf. 
 Part, they have both forms. 
 
 3. §ttttC!t, in the signification to cut, follows in the Imperf. 
 the New Form : tx Ijailtc £0(3, he cut wood. 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 1G5 
 
 ficftum 34. 
 
 Lesson 34. 
 
 VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION [continued). 
 
 Siinfte muffe. 
 
 Fifth Class. 
 
 *Pres. Inf. Impcrf. 
 
 Betfeen, bite ; Mfe, 
 
 befleipen, apply ; befli£, 
 
 bletc^en (2.), grow btid), 
 
 pale ; 
 
 glfidjen, resemble ; g(td), 
 
 gtctten, glide ; 
 grdfen, grasp ; 
 fcifcn, scold ; 
 , f ncifcn, twitch ; 
 fnetpen, pinch ; 
 leiben, suffer ; 
 pfttfeu, whistle ; 
 ret£en, tear ; 
 reiten, ride ; 
 fd>lcid)en, sneak ; 
 
 glut, 
 griff, 
 
 m, 
 
 fnirr, 
 fnipp, 
 Hit, 
 
 m, 
 
 rip, 
 rltt, 
 
 fit(Ctfc;t(2.),grind;fd)liff, 
 
 faletjjcn, slit 
 ftymeipen, beat ; 
 fc^rtctbert, cut ; 
 fdjrftten, step ; 
 fpletjjen, split ; 
 
 f<l% 
 fc^mig, 
 
 fd)tutt, 
 fd)ritt, 
 fpltfc, 
 
 Per/". Part. 
 
 gebtffen. 
 
 befliffett. 
 geblid)en. 
 
 geglidjen. 
 
 geglitten. ■*" 
 
 gegriffen. 
 
 gcftffcn. 
 
 geiniffen. 
 
 gcfntppen. 
 
 gcltttcn. 
 
 gcpftffcn. 
 
 gertffen. 
 
 gerttten. 
 
 gefd)Iid)en. 
 
 gefd)liffen. 
 
 gefdfoltffen. 
 
 gefd)mtffen. 
 
 gefdmittcn. 
 
 gefd)rttten.^ 
 
 gefpltffen. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 fh*etd)en, spread ; 
 fhtiten, contend ; 
 tt)Ctd)en(2.), yield 
 bletGen, remain ; 
 gebci&ett, prosper ; 
 let ben, lend ; 
 mctben, avoid ; 
 pretfcn, praise ; 
 rCtben, rub ; 
 fd)Ctben, separate ; 
 fdjeuien, shine ; 
 fd)vetben, write ; 
 fd)rCicn, cry ; 
 fd)tt>etgen, be silent 
 fpeten, spit ; 
 ftetgen, ascend ; 
 tretben, drive ; 
 roetfen, indicate ; 
 jd^ett, accuse ; 
 IjCtfeen (I.), call ; 
 
 Imperf. 
 tfrtd), 
 fbrte, 
 
 ; n>td>, 
 blteb, 
 gebtet), 
 iiel), 
 mieb, 
 pries, 
 rieb, 
 fcbtcb, 
 fd)tcn, 
 fd&rieb, 
 fcbjte, 
 
 ; fo>teg 
 fpte, 
 ftteg, 
 trieb, 
 feiw, 
 
 Perf Part. 
 
 gcfrrtdjett. 
 
 geftrtttcn. 
 
 gewidjen. 
 
 gcbftckn. 
 
 gctiefjen. 
 
 geliefjen. 
 
 gemteben. 
 
 geprtefen. 
 
 gerieben. 
 
 gefd)icben. 
 
 gefd)tenen. 
 
 gefd)rtcben. 
 
 gefd)rteen. 
 
 , gefdjtoiegen. 
 
 gcfpiecn. 
 
 gefttegen. 
 
 getrteben. 
 
 gerotefen. 
 
 gejtcfjen. 
 
 Befjetfeen. 
 
 JBetfJitele. 
 
 (£r prieS feme 2Baaren unb rietl) un$, fie 
 ju faufen. 
 
 3d) babe tmtner gefunben, bajj cm Staffer* 
 fad ntd)t gemalt tterben fann, aber 
 beim 9tnblt(f be$ $bemfatl3 bet <Sd>aff- 
 baufcn fanb id), bag er ntdjt etnmal 
 befd)rieben iuerben fann. 
 
 5ftan b,at ben SBerbrecber ergrtffen. 
 
 (£afar fd)deb nad) 0iom : 3d) Jam, ify 
 fab,, id) ftegte. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 He praised his goods and advised 
 us to buy them. 
 
 I have always found (thought) * 
 waterfall could not be painted, 
 but at the sight of the Ehinefall 
 at Schaff hausen, I found it could 
 not even be described. 
 
 The criminal has been seized. 
 
 Caesar wrote to Rome : 1 came, I 
 saw, I conquered. 
 
166 
 
 LESSON 34. 
 
 SBbrtertierjeidjmfc. 
 
 $er 2l£te'fe, -n, pi. -n, Aztec. 
 
 Der Segtnn', -3, beginning. 
 
 Der ©egfttjtonb, -e$, pi. -ftanbe, subject 
 
 Der 9tnf, -e$, fame, reputation. 
 
 Der £f)ron, -e$, pi. -e, throne. 
 
 2)ic Wtyanblunq, -, pi. -en, treatise. 
 
 Die Slnerfennung, -, pi. -en, recognition^ 
 
 Die 2lnftd)t,-, pl.-en, view (<3i$t, sight). 
 
 Die 3nbuftrte', -, pi. -n, industry. 
 
 Die jlotonie', -, pi. -n, colony. 
 
 Die -ftatur', -, pi. -en, nature. 
 
 Die Sfyeorte', -, pi. -n, theory. V 
 
 Die SBiffenfdjafr, -, pi. -en, science. 
 
 $0§ Shtfe&en, -3, authority. 
 
 DaS Dunfel, -3, darkness, obscurity. 
 
 Da3 Sintreffen, -3, arrival. 
 
 Da3 £aupr, -e#, pi. £aupter, head. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 SluSbrucf'ltd), express. 
 Seftei'gen, ascend. 
 Sktrau'ern, mourn. 
 (£ntfd)ei'ben, decide. 
 Sro'bern, conquer, overcome. 
 Srttjet'fen, prove. 
 ®tetd)$etttg, simultaneous. 
 £iitten, envelope. 
 Sanben, land. 
 9ted)t$ctttg, lucky, timely. 
 Strcuen, strew, eu = ew. 
 Umntttetbar, immediate. 
 Unfag'ttd), inexpressible (fagen, say). 
 2krblet'd)en, grow pale ; expire. 
 SBercdet'd)en, compare, liken, d) = k 
 S3erfd)af'fen, obtain, procure. 
 Berrei'pen, rend, tear. 
 
 gtori unb fiefijigfte Wufgofie. 
 
 1, £)eutfcbtanb war unmittelbar nadj bem bretgigjafyrigen $riege, 
 ttergtidjen mit granfreid) unb (Englanb, in 3nbuftrie, 2£iffenfd)aft 
 unb itunjt roett 3uriicf. 2. Napoleon ber 'Dritte beftieg ben Zijvon 
 fetne^ Dfyeimg am jmeiten X^ember 1852. 3. $aft gfeidjjcitig 
 mit ber ^erau^gabe bev 2tbfyanblung $\iy$en& iiber bie 9tatur beg 
 2id)teg, t>er£5ffentli(^te and) Newton feine 2Inftd)t iiber biefen ©egen* 
 ftanb, ber U$ bafyin in ttefeg Tmnfel gefyiitlt n?ar. 4. £>a$ 2fn* 
 fe^en unb ber $uf 9}erotong tterfyinberren big jum 33eginne unfereg 
 3af)d)unbertg ber Xfyeorte ipupgfyeng', n?eld)e je£t alg rid)tig errote* 
 fen ift, bie gebii^renbe 5lnerfennung ju »erfd)affen. 5. SBarum 
 Iajfcn ©ie 3fcf 9fteffer nid)t fdjleifen ? 6. 3d) ^abc eg geftern felbft 
 gefd)liffen. 7. £)eutfd)lanb firt unfdgtid) burd) ben breigigiafyrigen 
 $rieg. 8. £>ie garbe biefeg (Semalbeg ift tterb(id)en. 9. Gfyriftopt) 
 (Solumbug, geboren ju ©enua im 3al)re 1435, entbedte Slmerifa im 
 3nl)re 1492. 10. £1* (15. 8.) Slbfalon, ©o$n 2)a*ibg, nad) ber 
 @d)lad)t am 3orban unter einer (Stdje ritt, blieb er in ben 3^eigen 
 beg 23aumeg fyangen, unb ^oab, 3)asibg gelbfyerr, erftacfy ifyn gegen 
 ben augbrudlid)en 23efet)l beg ^cnigg, 11. 23lud)er erttfebieb bie 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 167 
 
 <&fylafyt fcet Waterloo am acfytgefynten 3unt 1815 bur$ fern recfyt* 
 SeitigeS Smtreffen auf bem @d)(ad)tfe{be. 12. Gcrteg lattbete im 
 3a()re 1519 in 9fterifo unb erofcerte ba£ gart^e 3fteid> ber 2J£tefen. 
 13. 2>on biefer 3 e ^ M$ sum 3^)^ 1814 Miefo 9fterifo eine fpani* 
 f$e Colonic 
 
 Exercise 73. 
 
 1. In most European wars Germany has suffered, because 
 (15. 8.) Germans have striven against each other. 2. The dog 
 bit the boys that had thrown stones at him. 3. What was the 
 name of your friend of whom you have just been speaking ^ 4. 
 His name was Ritter. 5. The plan of the leader did not suc- 
 ceed. 6. Our friends have promised to visit us, but they have 
 not kept their promise. 7. These little boys have torn their 
 books and broken their slates and pencils. 8. I have written my 
 father two letters, but he has received but one of them. 9. The 
 ice and the snow melted, and the river overflowed the valley. 
 10. The bees have stung the boys. 11. My dog did not come 
 to me, because it did not hear me. 12. We were speaking of 
 you an hour before you came. 13. Have you forgotten what 
 you promised us? 14. Have you not received all that I have 
 promised you 1 15. We have not received anything at all from 
 you. 1 6. Have you ridden this horse 1 17. No, I do not like 
 (13. 7.) to ride on horseback. 18. You have read too much 
 and slept too little. 
 
 ©rammaftfcfjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. In the fifth class the Per/. Part, has the same root-vowel 
 as the Imperf, with the one exception of fjCtflCU, which has the 
 same vowel both in the Inf. and Per/. Part. : 
 
 Pres. Inf. ftmdjett. Imperf. ftrtd). Perf Part, cjeftrtdjem 
 " " Wgen. " Meg. " " ge^eigett. 
 
 2. SBletdjCtt, fd)Ietfcit, and turilljeit, in the significations bleach, 
 demolish, soften, respectively, follow the New Conjugation. 
 
1G8 
 
 LESSON 35. 
 
 Mtion 35. 
 
 Lesson 35. 
 
 VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION (concluded). 
 
 Sedate mafic. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 Dtcgeit, bend ; 
 bitten, bid ; 
 
 flicgcn, fly ; 
 
 fltCbcn, flee ; 
 fltcfien, flow ; 
 fricrcn, freeze ; 
 
 gettiegen, enjoy 
 gfefen, pour ; 
 fllCbcn, cleave ; 
 frte&cn, creep ; 
 ricckn, smell ; 
 fdncbcn, push ; 
 fcbiepcn, shoot ; 
 fd)ltepen, shut ; 
 ftCbcil (2.): 
 fpricjjen, sprout 
 ftiebcn, dust ; 
 iricfcn (2.); 
 scrbrttgen, vex 
 Pcrlitten, lose ; 
 linemen (3. 'i; 
 jitt)en, draw ; 
 ftiren, elect ; 
 iiigen, lie ; 
 tritgen, deceive 
 
 Impcrf. 
 
 cog, 
 tot, 
 
 w, 
 
 flop, 
 
 fvOr, 
 
 ; gcnog, 
 
 nob, 
 
 fro*, 
 
 to*, 
 
 fd)Ob, 
 
 toot, 
 
 faty, 
 
 fori, 
 
 ; fprOg, 
 
 jlob, 
 
 toff, 
 
 PcrbrOp" 
 
 ucrlor, 
 
 tpog, 
 
 m, 
 
 for, 
 
 log, 
 ; rrog, 
 
 Pcrf. Part. 
 
 gcbogen. 
 
 gcboten. 
 
 geflogen 
 
 geflofyen. 
 
 gcfloffcn. 
 
 gcfrOren. 
 
 gcnOjTen. 
 
 gegOffen. 
 
 gefloben. 
 
 gefrocfyen. 
 
 gerOd)ett. 
 
 gefd)0ben. 
 
 gefd)Offen. 
 
 gefd)lOffen. 
 
 gefottcn. 
 
 gefprOffcn. 
 
 gefloben. 
 
 getroffen. 
 
 perbroffen. 
 
 perloren. 
 
 geftogen. 
 
 gejogen. 
 
 geforcn. 
 
 gelogen. 
 
 getrogen. 
 
 glomm, gcglommctt. 
 
 flomm, gcHommen. 
 ktoog, Dctoogen. 
 
 Sixth Class. 
 Pres. Inf. Imperf Perf.Part. 
 
 fOUfcn, drink ; foff, gCfoffett. 
 
 fttttgen, suck ; fog, gefogen. 
 
 fdjnttttbcn (2.); fd)nOb, gefdjnoben. 
 
 fdn-auben (2); fd)rOb, gcfd)rObcn. 
 
 glimmen(2.) 
 
 flimmcn (2.); 
 
 6etoegcn (3.); 
 
 fed)tett, tight ; 
 
 flcd)ten, twist ; 
 
 IjCben, heave ; 
 
 mttfen (2.); 
 
 pflegen (3.); 
 
 qucllen (4.), gush 
 
 fd)Crcn, shear ; 
 
 fcfytnttjen (4.); 
 
 fdjroellen (4.); 
 
 weben (2.); 
 
 go^rcn, ferment; goljr, 
 
 fcbttiiren, fester ; fd)tt>0r, 
 
 rottgen (2.); wog, 
 
 f fl^ to brcn, swear; fdjtoor, geffljtoorcn 
 
 (Ofd)en (4. & 5.); lofcb, getefd)en. 
 oittgen (2.); oung, geimngen 
 
 fdjinben, flay ; fd)Unb, gefd)Unbeit. 
 
 fttjaUen (2.); fojoU, gefdjotten 
 
 fOd)t, 
 
 flOd)t, 
 
 b,0b, 
 
 molf, 
 
 Pflog, 
 
 quott, 
 
 fd)0t, 
 
 n>ob, 
 
 gefOd)ten. 
 
 geflod)ten. 
 
 gel)0ben. 
 
 gemolfetu 
 
 gepflogen. 
 
 gequollen. 
 
 gefd}Oren. 
 fdmtolj, gefd)moI$em 
 fd)roolI, gefdwollen. 
 
 gerooben. 
 
 gcgofjren. 
 
 gefd)tt)Oren. 
 gercOgen. 
 
 2>er ©trorn fd)tt>oll, Weil ber @d)ttce 
 
 fcbmolj. 
 5Dtc 8onne fcbien, unb etne jebc $no$pe 
 
 fd)»otl. 
 T)it 23tlbfaule beS $raftbenten Smfolit 
 
 in 9)bttabelpbia nmrbe Pon Sutler in 
 
 ber fi3mglid)en <3d)meljb,utte gu 5ttun= 
 
 fytn gegoffen. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The stream swelled, because the 
 
 snow melted. 
 The sun was shining and each bud 
 
 was swelling. 
 The statue of President Lincoln in 
 
 Philadelphia was cast by Muller 
 
 at the lioyal Foundry in Munich. 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 169 
 
 §Sortertier$ei(f)tti§. 
 
 $er Sfotago'itenftrom, -4, pi. -jhrome, 
 River Amazon. 
 
 Ter gfagrtff, -3, pi. -e, attack (®rtff> 
 grip, f = p). 
 
 Ter Sejtanbtljetl, -3, pi. -c, constituent 
 part. 
 
 J)cr ®rab, -e4, pi. -e, degree, grade. 
 
 Ter Jtorb, -eg, pi. Sorbe, basket. 
 
 Ter 9tebenfutjj, -eS, pi. — fliiffe, con- 
 fluent. \ 
 
 Ter ©auerjlcff, -3, oxygen. 
 
 Ter See, -3, pi. -c, lake. 
 
 Dtr <Strom, -5, pi. ©trome, river, 
 stream, o = ea. 
 
 Ter SBaflerfafl, -», pi. -faffe, waterfall. 
 
 Ter SBafieritoff, - ^, hydrogen. 
 
 Ter 2Beif)cr, -3, pi. -, fish-pond. 
 
 $tc 9lnn>enbung, -, pi. -en, applied 
 tion. 
 
 SDte Sanfnote, - pi. -n, banknote. 
 
 Tic (Sfeftrigtt&f, - pi. -en, electricity. 
 
 Tic £ifce, -, heat, i = ea. 
 
 Tie 9?eiterci, - cavalry (rciten, ride). *• 
 
 Tie ttnuberitunbltdjr'ett, -, invincibility. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Tie SBaffermafle, -> pi. -n, body of 
 water. 
 
 'hit 2Mbcbene, -, pi. -n, wooded plain. 
 
 $08 (Element', -c$, pi. -e, element. 
 
 TaS ©e^olg', -ed, pi. -e, woods. 
 
 Qad ©d)ttuebeeifen, -3, wrought iron. 
 
 T>a§ £afd)cnbud), -e3, pi. -bilker, pocket- 
 book. 
 
 Tie 9npen, -, Alps. 
 
 T)k (Strom fdmeflen, - rapids. 
 
 Slttan'tifcr;, Atlantic. 
 
 (Eeljtu$, Celsius. 
 
 gntfprin'gen, rise, spring up. 
 
 ©tract, about. 
 
 ©ecjenracir'tig, at present. 
 
 ©eocjrct'pbtfcb, geographical. 
 
 3m <2tanbe fetn, to be able. 
 
 SRctfenb, furious. 
 
 (Stiirgen, throw (start, u = a ; J = t). 
 
 (Subamerifa, -t t South America. 
 
 3erle'gen, divide, separate. 
 
 3erjlte'ben, to scatter. 
 
 Bcrtfyei'len, branch, divide. 
 
 3ufricren, freeze over, ie = ee ; r = z. 
 
 $tcr unb ftdicnjtofic ^ufgafce. 
 
 1. £)a3 (Sdjmtebceifen fdjmtljt crft bet ciner .£>i£e ttott gi»et* 
 taufenb ®rab SelftuS* 2. 2l(fc 9J?etaIle faun matt fdjmel^en. 
 3. ipettte 9lad)t wax e3 fo fait, tag (15. 8.) ber SScifyer neben 
 unferm ipaufe jttfror. 4. 2Gte t>iet boten (Sic ft'tr biefe ©ttefel ? 
 5. 3d) bot fteben Xfyafer, abcr ber ^aufmann toifl ftc nttr nid)t fur 
 wettigtr, afs adjt Sfyaler lajfen. 6. 23ei bent rafettben Slngriffe 
 ttnferer ^etterei acrftc^ett bie gcinbe unb floben nad) bent nafyen 
 ©etyolj*, 7. -^ranfretd) gettoj? »or bent 3«orc 1870 ben 5Ruf bcr 
 Unubcrn?tnb(td)feit 8. £>er grofjte ©trom ber Srbe ifi ber 
 5Ima^rienftrom. 9. gr entj>rina,t in $eru nid)t mcit bon Sima 
 au3 bent See £auricod)a, tritt nad) stelen ©tromfdjncttctt unb 
 
170 L3SSOX 35. 
 
 SBajferfaflen in Me grofe SBattebene son (Sittamerifa unt ergiefjt 
 feme nmjefyenre 28a[ferma(fe nad) einem 2anfe von nenn fynntert 
 tentfd)en a,coa,rapl)i[d)en 9)?eilen (tatf ift 3G00 englifcfcen geocjrapl>i^ 
 fd)en WlciUn), intern er fid) in mele 2trme gerrfyeilt, in ten at(anti= 
 fcfyen Ocean. 10. Cannibal gog im ^ai)xt 218 »or Gfyrifto iiber 
 tie SHpen. 11. Sasoijter v at guerft turd) 3f^cgung fees SBajferS 
 in feine ©(entente, Oauerftoff nnt SSajferftoff, ten le£teren von 
 tern (Sauerftoff gefcfyieten. 12. Durd) Slmventnna, ter fileftrigitat 
 ift man im <3tante, afle $i>rper in il)re einfadjen 33eftanttl)eile gu 
 gerlegen. 13. £)ie einfadjen Seftanttfyeile ter Mbvpex nennt man 
 (Slemente ; man fennt teren (29. 4.) gegenmarrig ehva 68. 14. 
 3d) tterlor mein Safdjenbnd) ^eftern 2Ibent. 15. fatten ©ie sief 
 ©eft tarin? 16. 9?ein, e$ war nur eine 23anfnote im SBerrfye son 
 fitnf preufjifdjen (22. 4.) Sfjakrn tarin. 17. £)iefe ^orbe jmt 
 fefyr fd)im geflod)ten. 
 
 Exercise 75. 
 
 Sc- 
 
 1. The snow falls earlier and melts later on the mountains 
 than in the valleys. 2. In the valleys the snow melted in 
 March, on the mountains it lay until August. 3. Under the' 
 Emperor Charles the Fifth, Spain enjoyed the reputation of 
 invincibility. 4. The boy struck the dog that bit him. 5. 
 The streams swelled and broke the dams. 6. The shepherds 
 have shorn their sheep. 7. Have you ever seen frozen quick- 
 silver] 8. Last winter the quicksilver froze in the thermometer. 
 
 9. I did not like (13. 8.) the cloak and hence did not take it. 
 
 10. The King of Prussia, William the First, raised Count 
 Bismark fo l the rank of a prince. 11. The wild geese flew over 
 the forest. 12. You have done more than you promised. 13. 
 The soldiers did not fight bravely, but fled. 14. Have these 
 small horses drawn this large wagon] 15. They did not draw 
 this wagon, but that one. 16. Who drew "this beautiful laud- 
 scape ] 1 7. Do you know who has ground the knife, and what 
 the miller has ground 1 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 171 
 
 (SJrammattfdjcS. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. In the sixth class the Participle has the same root-vowel 
 as the Imperf. : 
 
 Pres. Inf. litgem Imperf. lug* Per/. Part, gcfogett. 
 
 2. Stcbctt, boil, trtefen, drop, fdjttauktt, snort, fdjraulieit, 
 
 screw, gltmmett, shine faintly, flimittCtt, climb, tttclfctt, milk, 
 ttlhgen, weigh, tuclien, weave, bittQCtt, bargain, and fdjttHctt A 
 
 sound, have both forms of conjugation. 
 
 3. 23Btegnt, weigh, lietticgctt, induce, JlflcgCtt, take, enjoy, 
 follow the Old Form ; UucgClt, rock, fccttJCtJCU, move, and ^ifXc- 
 gctt, cherish, nurse, follow the New. 
 
 4. Oltcllctt, gush, fdjtttCljCtt, melt, fd)tt)etfett, swell, and 
 lofcfjcn, extinguish, as transitive, follow the New Form. 
 
 5. &iif(f)ttt, extinguish, when following the Old Form (i. e. 
 when intransitive), forms the second and third persons sing, of 
 the present tense, (tjrfjft, Itfrfjt. 
 
 6. The verbs of the Old Conjugation are variously numbered 
 and classified by different authors. The following is a con- 
 nected view of the variations of the root-vowels as given in 
 the preceding Lessons : 
 
 First Class. Pres. Inf. Imp. Per/. Part. 
 
 16 have i, o,0.l>tnben, fconb, gefcunben. 
 
 6 " i, o,0.rinnen, rttnn, geronnen. 
 
 20 " e,a,04e(fcn, fcalf, gefjolfen. 
 
 1 has o, a, 0. fommcn, font, gcfontmcn 
 
 1 " 0, o,0.gefcOren, ge&or, gcfrorcn. 
 Second Class. 
 
 10 have e, o, c. gefcen, got, gegeten. 
 
 2 " i, 0, e. bitten, tot, gcbeten. 
 
 1 lias tc f o, e. liegen, log, gclcgen. 
 Fourth Class. 
 
 10 h. o,ie,o.f)olten, J&tclt, getolten. 
 
 2 " a, t, o.fongen, ftng, gefongcn. 
 2"oo,ic,oo.loofen, lief, geloofen. 
 2 " o,ie,o.fto§en, flteg, geftopen. 
 lhaso,ie,0.mfen, rtef, gerofen. 
 
 Third Class. Pres. Inf. Imp. Per/. Part. 
 
 lOh. 0, 0, 0. groben, grot, gegrObcn. 
 
 Fifth Class. 
 
 23h.ei, i, i. tcifkn, tip, gettffen. 
 
 I6"ei,ie,ie.tleit, tlteb, getlieben. 
 
 l " ci f te, ct.ljyci^cn, tyiep, gebcipen. 
 
 Sixth Class. 
 
 22h.ie,o,o.biegen, tog, getogen. 
 
 3" ii,o f o.Iiigen, log, gelogcn. 
 
 4 "oo,o, o.foogcn, fog, gefogen. 
 
 2 " i, 0, 0. gltmmen ( glOntm,geglOmmcn. 
 
 11" c,o,0.l)Cben, $of>, geboben. 
 
 3" o,0,0.gol)ren, gofyr, gegfltyrcn. 
 
 2" o,0,O.Ibfd)cn, lof4 getofd)en. 
 
 2" t,o,u.bingen, bong, gebongen. 
 
 1" 0,0,0. flatten, fd)0ll, gcfd)0Uen. 
 
172 
 
 LESSON 36. 
 
 Scftton 36. 
 
 Lesson 36. 
 
 IRREGULAR (ANOMALOUS) VERBS. 
 
 ttttregcfmafctge $cr&cn. 
 
 Srcnnen (1.), burn. 
 Srtngen (2.), bring. 
 £aud)ten (3.), seem. 
 Denfen (2.), think. 
 Surfeit (4.), be permitted, 
 ®ef)en (5.), go. 
 £afccrt (7.), have. 
 ^ennen (1.), know. 
 
 Gormen (4.), be able. 
 SRBgen (4.), like. 
 9fluffcn (4.), be obliged 
 9knnen (1.), call. 
 9?ennen (1.), run. 
 <3ein (9.), be. 
 Scnbcn (1.), send. 
 
 Irregular Verbs. 
 
 Solicit (4.), be obliged. 
 <Ste^en (5.), stand. 
 £f;itn (6.), do. 
 SBcnbcn (1.), turn. 
 SBcrben (8)., become. 
 SHjJen (4.), know. 
 SBoIXen (4.), be willing. 
 
 83ctfjuele. 
 
 $at fcin greunb 5^icf)ta sort bcr @ad)e 
 
 gerouOt ? 
 3$ fann tym md>t Wfen. 
 (£r nrirb fetn ©elb fdjneller log, alg er eg 
 
 serbiente. 
 2>ie <3onne fan! in bag 2fteer, unb eg 
 
 rcarb 9kd)t. 
 
 SBiJrterDerjeidjmB. 
 
 $tr 23ofermd)t, -eg, pi. -e, villain. 
 
 £er gufjtritt, -g, pi. -e, tread, footstep. 
 
 £>er ®eban'fe, -n, pi. -n, thought. 
 
 Der ©enof'fe, -n, pi. -n, comrade. 
 
 £er £afi, -eg, hate. § = t. 
 
 £)er Srrtfcum, -g, pi. -tpmer, error. 
 
 3)er Sttartyrer, -g, pi. -, martyr. 
 
 £>er Untergang, -g, ruin. 
 
 2)er 35erfaf'fer, -g, pi.-, compiler, author. 
 
 Der 2Be$fet, -g, pi. -, change. 
 
 2>er SBeltroetfe, -n, pi. -n, philosopher. 
 
 Der m§, -eg, pi. -e, wit. 
 
 $te Gmpftn'bung, -, pi. -en, feeling. 
 
 Die $rctge, -, pi. -n, question. 
 
 D te ^reibeit, -, pi. -en, liberty, freedom. 
 
 Die ®elcrn-'famfetr, -, learning, [ciety. 
 
 Die ©efeli'fcfyaft, -, pl.-en, company, so- 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Has his friend known nothing of 
 
 the affair ? 
 I cannot help him. 
 He gets rid of his money faster than 
 
 he earned it. 
 The sun sank into the sea and it 
 
 was (became) night. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 $tt§ ©eroif'fen, -g, pi. - conscience. 
 
 Dag 3od), -eg, pi. -e, yoke, d) = k. 
 
 33ebitr'fen, need. 
 
 23enut'jen, to use. 
 
 SejcuVIen, to pay (3<$l, tale. 3 = t). 
 
 Daraug', (out of it) from them. 
 
 gntfte'^en, to arise. 
 
 $itgen, to submit. 
 
 ©riecknlanb, Greece. 
 
 3iibifd), Jewish. 
 
 Seife, soft, still. 
 
 Sog, rid, loose. — oo. 
 
 Sftaeebo'mfd), Macedonian. 
 
 06, whether, if. 'm i ; I = t 
 
 ©cfyeuen, dread, be shy of. f# = sh. 
 
 ©djrecflid), terrible. 
 
 ©tolj, proud. 
 
IRREGULAR VERBS. - 173 
 
 @ed)$ nub ftcBcnjigftc 3(ufgaBe. 
 
 1. ©ebrannte Winter fd)enen bad gener. 2. 2£tr miijfen nn~ 
 fere 3rrtl)itmer tfyener begafylen, rnenn wir fte loS toerben roollert* 
 3. 3d) fiU)Ie nid)t, tag td) fterbe, aber id) »cif e& 4. 2lte ®rie* 
 d)enianb anf ben 9tufym be3 2$i£e$ nnb ber ©elefyrfamfeit am 
 ftoljcften fcin fonnte, mnfte e3 fid) in t>a$ macebonifd)e 3°<i) fiigen. 
 5. £)em 23ofennd)te anrb 5ltlecJ fdjwer. 6. $nr$ sor bem Unter- 
 gange be$ iiibifcfyen ©taates war in fetner SJMtte bag (Efyriftentfynm 
 entftanben. 7. £)er 9J?enfd) bebarf ber boppelten Smpftnbung, ber 
 £iebe nnb bed gaffes. 8. ©erciffe 23iid)er fd)einen gefd)rieben gn 
 fein, nid)t bamit (15. 8.) man baranS lernt, fonbern, bamit man 
 n>eig, bafi ber SSerfaffer (SttoaS gemngt Ijat 9. 9ttd)te ift leifer, 
 ate ber gwfktft ber 3eit, 9?id)te ift ftiller, ate ber $3ed)fel ber 
 (Stnnben. 10. (Sdjitfer'd Sftutter war bie £od)ter eineS 23ader3 
 and SJZarbad). 11. Seo'nibas, $ontg ber ©parta'ner, wnrbe mit 
 feinen tapferen ©enoffen, in bem $ampfe gegen bie $erfer ein 
 Sftartyrer fitr bie greifyett feineS Soltek. 12. ©em warren 2Bett= 
 wetfen mufj ber Xob nie fd)red(id) fein. 13. S3enn ener ©ewtjfen 
 rein ift, fo feib ifyr frei. 14. Urn (10. 7.) bie ©ebanfen 5tnberer 
 gn bennfcen, mn§ man felbft siet gebacbt fyaben. 15. 2)iefe ,ftna* 
 hen fonnen fefyr gnt reitcn. 16. $onnen fte and) fd)nummen ? 
 17. 3tf/ fie lonnen fefyr gnt fd)ttrimmen. 18. (Es geftet mir in ber 
 ©efellfd)aft nid)t, "nre^afb id) nadj £anfe ging. 19. £aben <3te 
 mir ©otfye'S SBerle gebrad)t ? 20. 3<*, tort Uegen fie anf bem 
 Xifat. 
 
 Exercise 77. 
 
 1. The boy has burned his fingers. 2. Somebody has 
 brought me these books. 3. We knew those people in Breslan, 
 but we did not know that they wished to leave their father- 
 land. 4. They ha.ve sent one of their friends to America to 
 buy land. 5. They did not know that the laborer was sick, 
 and they called him lazy, because he had done so little. 6. I 
 should not have known the invalid, if I had not seen him at 
 
174 * LESSON 36. 
 
 home. 7. Have you sent your brother the books that you 
 bought for him 1 8. I sent them to him yesterday, as soon as 
 I had bought them. 9. The boys stood where we left them, 
 until they became very tired and then they went home. 10. 
 The apples that they brought to us did uot please us. 11. I 
 did not understand what the traveler said, for he spoke very 
 indistinctly. 12. This morning the weather was very cold, but 
 it soon became warm. 13. We read and wrote day before 
 yesterday, and rode and drove yesterday. 14. We have 
 found the language less difficult* than we expected. 15. You 
 considered the exercise more difficult than it really was. 16. 
 The boys went into the water when they were too warm. 17. 
 We had been standing on the bridge, and had not gone far 
 from it when it fell. 18. We wished to go home, but were 
 obliged to remain in the city. 19. We could go, but we would 
 not. 20. I would not go, if I could. 
 
 ©rammatifdjcS. Grammatical. 
 
 The following verbs do not conform to the rules of either the 
 Old or the New Conjugation, and hence are called Irregular or 
 Anomalous. 
 
 1. ©rcitnen, femtcn, nennctt, rcnnen, fenbcit, and rocnbcn 
 
 follow the New Conjugation, except that the root-vowel t of the 
 Inf. is changed to a in both the other principal parts : 
 
 fcramtte, gcBrannt ; nannte, genamtt ; fanbte, gefanbt. 
 
 fannte, cjefannt ; rannte, gcrannt ; wanbte, gewanbt. 
 
 Senfcen and toenben are also regular: fenfcete, gefcnbct ; toen&ete, 
 gctDcnoct. 
 
 2. SBrutgCtt and bcnfctt have in the Imperf. the forms IJradjtC, 
 badjte, and in the Per/. Part gefirttdjt, gebtttfjt. 
 
 3. The impersonal verb uiilttl)tCU, seem, has in the Present the 
 form c§ bliutfjt, in the Imperf. e£ $MUi1jtc, and in the Per/. Part. 
 
 gcbiiudjt. 
 
IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 175 
 
 4. §«rfctt, fomtctt, mogctt, miiffett, foffett, tootfett, and 
 
 ttiiffnt form their Pres. sing, as verbs of the Old Form do the 
 Imperf. ; the plur. having the regular form. The Imperf. and 
 Per/. Part, follow the New Form ; the root-vowel, if 0, being 
 changed to 0, if tt or t, to tt. 
 
 Present Tense. 
 
 Sing, id) fcarf 
 tu barffl 
 
 er barf 
 Plur. irtir biirfeit 
 i()r biirft 
 
 tantt 
 
 mag 
 
 mug 
 
 foil 
 
 Witt 
 
 fannjl 
 
 magft 
 
 mug 
 
 follft 
 
 wtap 
 
 !ann 
 
 mag 
 
 mug 
 
 foa 
 
 roitt 
 
 fonnen 
 
 mogeu 
 
 mujjcn 
 
 follcn 
 
 tt>oUen 
 
 fonnt 
 
 mogt 
 
 miigt 
 
 fottt 
 
 toottt 
 
 fonneu 
 
 mogeu 
 
 mujfen 
 
 folleu 
 
 roofleu 
 
 Imperfect Tense. 
 
 iti) burfte, |fotmte, jmod)te, 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 mugte, 
 &c 
 
 foflte, jtooflte, 
 &c. &c. 
 
 tvetg 
 
 metgt 
 
 roeig 
 
 nnjfen 
 
 ttngt 
 
 nnjfen 
 
 nmgte, 
 &c. 
 
 Perfect Participle. 
 
 geburft | gefonnt | gcmodjt | gemugt | gcfoflt | gen?oUt j gemugt 
 
 5. ©eljett and ftcljctt take in the Imperf. and Perf. Part, the 
 
 forms ging, gegtrngett ; ftanb, gcflanbett. 
 
 6. %\)U\\ (instead of tfjuCtt) in the Present Tense and Infini- 
 tive, drops the C preceding a final consonant : iaj tljtte, btt tljttft, 
 Ct tljttt, ttJtr tljtttt, iljr tljttt, fit tljtttt. The Imperf. has the form 
 \§ fyat, &c, the Per/. Par*, gctljtttt. 
 
 7. $abcit follows the New Form. In the Present it forms 
 the second and third pers. sing, btt Ijttft, Cr (at. The form of 
 the Imperf is idj Ijatte, btt Ijtttteft, &c. 
 
 8. 99Bctbctt forms the second and third pers. sing, of the 
 Present, btt ttritft, Ct toitb ; the sing, of the Imperf. and the 
 Perf. Part, are formed like a verb of the Old Conjugation, 
 
 id) ttiarb, bit toarbfl, cr toarb ; gcttiorbcn. Besides these forms 
 
 of the Imperf sing, there is another which is more usual : i(fj 
 
 nmrbe, btt nmrbeft, cr nmrbe ; the plur. is always mir nmrbctt, 
 iljr tom-bet, fie ttmrbett. 
 
176 
 
 LESSOxX 36. 
 
 Present Tense. 
 
 id) oin, I am. voir ftnb, we are. 
 
 bu biji, thou art. it;r feib, you are. 
 
 cr ijt, lie is. fie finb, they are 
 
 Perfect. (I have been, &e.) 
 id) bin ^ wit ftnb 
 
 bu btjt !- geroefcn, u)r feib 
 
 cr iji 
 
 First Future. 
 
 id) tttfrbe^ 
 buroirtr Kcin, 
 crrmrb J 
 
 9. Conjugation of Scin, to be. 
 
 Indicative Mood. 
 
 Imperfect Tense, 
 id) roar, I was. rmr toaren, we 
 bu roarjt, thou wast, ir)r roarer, you f 
 er roar, he was. fie roaren, they. 
 
 Pluperfect. (I had been, &c.) 
 id) War ^ roir roaren") " 
 
 bu ©aril V gcroefen, ir)r roarer 
 er roar J fie roaren 
 
 Second Fut. (I shall have been, &c.) 
 
 id) roerbe "] «» voir roerben "1 » 
 
 it)rroerber l~f 
 
 fie jiub 
 
 I 
 
 (I shall be, &c.) 
 roir roerben ") 
 ffer roerbet [• fein. 
 
 fie roerben j 
 
 I 
 
 buroirir ^s^ 
 er roirb J 
 
 fie roerben J 
 
 Imperative Mood. 
 
 Singular, fei, be. | Plural, feib, be. 
 
 Present. 
 
 Infinitive Mood, 
 fein, to be. | Perfect. 
 
 geroefen fein, to have been. 
 
 Participles. 
 
 Present, feienb, being. | Perfect, geroefen, been. 
 
 SBteberljofattg. 
 
 Recapitulation. 
 
 Aeht und siebzigste Aufgabe. 
 
 1. Man sieht mitunter Menschen, die man durch Muthwillen so 
 erschreckt hatte, oder die iiber ein Ungliick so erschrocken waren, 
 dass ihnen die Haare ausfielen, oder grau wurden. 2. Eine Sache 
 die man an einen rechten Ort gelegt oder gehangt hat, kann lange 
 gelegen oder gehangen haben, und man wird sie doch, ohne lange zu 
 suehen, wiederfinden. 3. Der Mont Cenis Tunnel ist der liingste der 
 Welt. 4. Seine Lange betragt 12,236 Meter oder etwas iiber ein 
 und eine halbe deutsche Meile (nahezu 8 englische Meilen) ; seine 
 Breite 26 Fuss 8 Zoll und seine Hohe 20 Fuss. 5. Ihm zunachst an 
 Lange kommt der Hoosac Tunnel. 6. Dieser hat eine Lange von 
 26,061 Fuss oder ungefahr 4f englische Meilen (nahezu eine deutsche 
 
USE OF SEIN AND THE MODAL AUXILIARIES. 177 
 
 Meile) bei einerBreite von 24 und einer Hohe von 21 Fuss. — 7. Ein 
 Bauersmann ging mit seinem kleinen Sohne Thomas nach einem be- 
 nachbarten Dorfe. 8. " Sieh," sprach der Vater einmal unterwegs, 
 " da liegt ein Stiick von einem Hufeisen auf der Strasse ! Hebe es 
 auf und stecke es ein." 9. " Ei," sagte Thomas, "das ist ja nicht ein- 
 mal der Miihe werth, dass man sich darum bucke." 10. Der Vater 
 hob das Eisen stillschweigend auf, und schob es in die Tasche. 11. 
 Im nachsten Dorfe verkaufte er es dem Schmiede fur drei Pfennige, 
 und kaufte fur das G-eld Kirschen. 12. Beide gingen weiter. 13. Die 
 Sonne schien sehr heiss ; weit und breit war kein Haus, kein Baum 
 und keine Quelle zu sehen. 14. Thomas verschmachtete beinahe vor 
 Durst und konnte dem Vater fast nicht mehr nachkommen. 15. Da 
 liess der Vater, wie zufallig, eine Kirsche fallen. 16. Thomas hob sie 
 so begierig auf, als ware sie Gold, und fuhr damit gleich nach dem 
 Munde. 17. Nach einigen Schritten liess der Vater wieder eine 
 Kirsche fallen. 18. Thomas biickte sich eben so schnell danach. 
 19. So liess der Vater den Thomas alle Kirschen aufheben. 20. Als 
 nun die Kirschen zu Ende waren und Thomas die letzte verzehrt 
 hatte, sprach der Vater lachend : " Sieh, wenn du dich um das Huf- 
 eisen einmal gebiickt hattest, so hattest du nicht nothig gehabt, dich 
 um die Kirschen hundertmal zu biicken." 
 
 Mtion 37. 4 Lesson 37. 
 
 USE OF Scitt AND THE -MODAL AUXILIARIES. 
 
 SetfjHCle. Examples. 
 
 23crfd)ieoe nte auf morgen, r»a$ bu r)eute Never defer till to-morrow what 
 tfyun fannft. you can do to-day. 
 
 2Ber ju mel gehnnnen trill, serltert oft He who wishes to gain too much, 
 SlUcS. often loses all. 
 
 Sie miiffen 3fttc Ceftton lernen, <Ste You must learn your lesson whether 
 m&gen ttolien ober ntcrjt. you will (may be willing) or not. 
 
 SBcnn bct3 SBetter fo fdjledjt Wetbt, roer* If the weather continues so bad, we 
 ben voir gu £aufe Met&cn miiffen unb shall be obliged to stay at home 
 
 nid)t fpajirctt gef)en fonnen. and shall not be able to take a walk. 
 
 (£3 foil (10.) geftem ein furd)tl>arer A terrible storm is said to have 
 (Sturm in $lortba gettiitfjet fyabtn. raged in Florida yesterday. 
 
 13 
 
178 
 
 LESSON 37. 
 
 2BSrterftcr$etiijntfc. 
 
 $er Satynfjof, -e3, pi. -$ofe, depot. 
 $te Stprifo'fe, -, pi. -n, apricot. 
 Die 3fa$hmft, - information. 
 Die Sntruf'tung, - indignation. 
 Die Srbe, -, pi. -n, earth, e = ea. 
 Tic Jvmtbe, -, pi. -n, joy, pleasure. 
 Die firfdje, - pi. -n, cherry. 
 Die Kegel, - pi. -n, rule, g = — . 
 Die ©peife, -, pi. -n, food. 
 Die <^)rad)e, - pi. -n, language, 
 
 speech. 
 Die SBiirje, -, pi. -% spice. 
 $tt$ SBenelj'men, -$, behavior. 
 23egeg'nen, to meet. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 23efor'gen, attend to. 
 
 8a$ett, laugh, a = au ; dj = gh. 
 
 9?ad)laffig, listless, neglectful. 
 
 Dbglctd/, although. 
 
 £agltd), daily, t = d ; g = — . 
 
 Unenb'Ud), infinite (unending). 
 
 ttnf)ofltd), impolite. 
 
 Unredit, improper, wrong. 
 
 Uiwer&o&Icn, open, not concealed. 
 
 ajerlet'^en, to give, bestow. 
 
 2JielIctd)t', perhaps. 
 
 ©id) awi ber (5d)ltngc jtefyen, to extri- 
 cate one's self from the difficulty 
 (snare). 
 
 9lcun unto ftefijtgfic tofgafie. 
 
 1. Diejenigen, rceldje 9li<$t$ tt?tffen, fottcn Stwas ternem 2. 
 Die greuben ber Srbe foil man n?ie SCiiqe geniegen unb nidjt tote 
 taglid>e <Speife. 3. SBerben @ic morgen mit mtr nad) ber ©tabt 
 geben fonnen ? 4. 3d) wcrbe gefyen fonnen, aber id) n?erbe nic^t 
 gefyen tootten, benn idj n>erbe iibermorgen gefyen initffen. 5. Die 
 beutfcfye @prad)e foil fefyr fd)tinerig fein ; besfyalb mufj ber Scfyitler 
 bie 9tegeln unb 23eifptele aufmerffam lefen. 6. 2Ber biefe @prad)e 
 lernen will, barf nidjt faul obcr nacfylaffig fein. 7. Die ^tnber 
 tootlen $irfd)en unb 2lprifofen, a6er fie fonnen letne faufen, benn 
 fte IjaUn fein ©elb. 8. 28ir fonnen ntdjt umfyin (7.) $u fadjen, 
 obgleid) mix anjfen, bag (15. 8.) e3 unrest ift. 9. 3d) fann Wid)t$ 
 bafiir (7.), bag idj arm bim 10. Dtefer $aum ift fcfjr fdmed ge* 
 tt?ad)fen. 11. .ftura, nacobem ton gelanbet maren, eiltcn nnr nad) 
 bem SBafjnhof, urn (10. 7.) fo batb aU mogftd) bag 3iel unferer 
 #teife gu erreid)en. 12. SBarum ftnb biefe ^naben fo rafd) gelau* 
 fen? 13. (Sinb (Sic in ber @tabt nidjt £errn ^fte^er begegnet? 
 14. Diefe ^naben biirfen fieute nid)t fptelen, roeil fie itjre 2tufgaben 
 nicfet gefonnt (6.) fcaben. 15. fonnen @ie mir nidjt fagen, mo 
 £err SBeber toofynt? 16. 9Mn, id) bebaure fcfcr, 3fynen feine 
 
USE OF SEIN AND THE MODAL AUXILIARIES. 179 
 
 2Iu3fimft gcften ^u fonnen. 17. Sr fonnte ntcfyt umfjtn, fetncr 
 Sntriijhtng iiber btefeS un()6fltd)c 33enef)men nm>erl)ol)(en 2htst>rucf 
 3it tterletfyen. 18. @ie mogen nun fefyen, nrie fte fid) au$ t>cr 
 (Sd)Ungc $ic()en. 19. 3d) mug Ijeute nadj 23eritn gdjen ; fann id) 
 Sfynen sielleicftt (Strcas beforgen? 20. 3$ fcanfe Sfyncn, itf) tterbe 
 morgen felbjt (25. 8.) bat)in gefyen. 
 
 Exercise 80. 
 
 1. I wished to go with my friend, but I could not ; for I was 
 obliged to remain at home. 2. He who wishes to be rich or 
 learned must be industrious. 3. I wished to buy good horses, 
 but could find none. 4. When will you be able to write a letter 
 to your friends'? 5. I shall be able to write one to-day. 6. 
 We have been able to go, but we have not wished to go. 7. 
 Were you obliged to remain here 1 8. We were at liberty to 
 go, but we wished to remain. 9. What shall I do with this 
 money'? e 10. You may give it to your poor friends. 11. You 
 may go to your friend, if you wish. 12. I do not wish to go 
 to-day, but I shall wish to go to-morrow. 13. Those boys say 
 they cannot help laughing. 14. It is said these children 
 understand German and French. 15. Who has gone to the 
 city] 16. The stranger has ridden to the city. 17. The boy 
 has sprung across the ditch. 18. Our soldiers had fled and 
 the enemy had come into our country. 19. He has ridden (on 
 horseback) to the forest and she has ridden (in a carriage) to 
 the city. 20. The worms have crawled out of the earth. 
 
 ©rammttttfdjeg. Grammatical. 
 
 1. Settt is used as the auxiliary of kgcgttCtt, Mcftctt, foIgCtt, 
 lUCtd) CU, fcttt, and all intransitive verbs denoting transition ; 
 
 Sie finb nad) bcr (Stctbt gefafrrcn. They have ridden to the city. 
 
 SBic latnje finb fie in ber <2tabt gcttefen? How lung have they been in the city ? 
 
 (fr ift fiarf jjcnwbctt. He lias become strong. 
 
180 
 
 LESSON 37. 
 
 2. The following 
 by words indicating 
 Jjrtlint as auxiliary : 
 
 eilen, hasten, 
 faljren, drive, 
 fliejjen, flow, 
 folgcn, follow, 
 tyinfen, limp, 
 jagen, hunt, 
 flettern, climb. 
 
 intransitive verbs, when not accompanied 
 direction towards or from an object, have 
 
 frtedjen, crawl, 
 lanben, land, 
 laufen, run. 
 quellen, spring, 
 retfen, travel, 
 reiten, ride, 
 rumen, leak. 
 
 fd)tffen, navigate, 
 fegeln, sail, 
 fpringen, spring. 
 fio£en, join, 
 tretben, drive. 
 fd)ttnmmen, swim. 
 tt>anbern, wander. 
 
 £aft bu ntd)t Ijeute gcrttten ? 
 (Sie fyabcn nid)t mel gereijn 
 
 Have you not ridden to-day ? 
 They have not traveled much. 
 
 3. A few neuter verbs, as Itegctt, fkfjClt, ftyCtt, were formerly 
 conjugated with fettt : 
 
 •£>$l)er war feme %Rad)t nie geffcmben. His power never had stood higher. 
 
 4. The auxiliaries of mode are fcitrfen, fiimtttt, Ittiigett, 
 mitffrit, foffeit, footfen, faff en ; with them the main verb is used 
 without the particle Jtt. 
 
 5. 2>iirfett indicates possibility dependent on the will of an- 
 other, or on law or moral right ; sometimes a probability, and is 
 variously rendered : 
 
 2)arf id) Sie urn bag 93rob bitten ? 
 3d) barf nid)t gefjen, mem 23ater f>at 
 
 mix serboten. 
 •£>ier barf man ntd)t randjen. 
 2)urfen rotr b, ter raud)en ? 
 
 May I trouble you for the bread ? 
 
 I cannot (rightfully) go, my father- 
 has forbidden it (to me). [ing). 
 
 Here one must not smoke (no smok- 
 
 Can we (are we at liberty to) smoke 
 here ? 
 
 6. MuItUM is substantially the equivalent of can, but is 
 often used concessively like may ; also as an independent verb, 
 meaning to know, understand, be able to do : 
 
 £>er <3d)roan fann fltegen. 
 (£r fann e$ ttergeffen Ijaben. 
 (E3 ift cm 9Kann, ber 2Hle3 roeip nnb gar 
 9K#t$ fann. 
 
 The swan can fly. 
 He may have forgotten it. 
 It is a man who knows everything 
 and can do nothing. 
 
 of 
 
USE OF SEIN AND THE MODAL AUXILIARIES. 181 
 
 7. 9ltd)t Wttljttt', 9litf)t$ bafik', with fb'ttttett, indicate lack 
 of ability : 
 
 3d) fonnte nid)t umljin, e$ 3f>nen $u I could not help (or avoid) telling 
 
 fagen. v it to you. 
 
 3d) Jann 9?id)t3 bafiir. I cannot help it. 
 
 2Ba3 fann er bafiir ? What can he do about it ? 
 
 8. WbflCU indicates permission or cAozce, and, like fb'ttttCtt, is 
 often used concessively, sometimes also transitively, in the sense 
 of to like : 
 
 3d) mag ba$ 33ud) nid)t lefen. I do not wish to read the book. 
 
 (£3 mag (or e3 fann) fo fein. It may be so. 
 
 3d) mag biefen 2Betn nid)t. I do not like this wine. 
 
 3d) mod)te friffen, fro er tft I wonder (would like to know) 
 
 where he is. 
 
 9. SRiiffCtt is the equivalent of must : 
 
 (£r mufjte gel)en. He was obliged to go. 
 
 (£r mu§ e^ ttergeffen $akn. He must have forgotten it. 
 
 10. Solicit indicates, 1. Dependence on the will of another; 
 2. Moral obligation ; 3. A rumor or report : 
 
 2>u fotfft nid)t (M)Ien. Thou shalt not steal. 
 
 (£r foil ;;u mir fommett. Send him (he shall come) to me. 
 
 (Sin unfdntlbiger 2ttann fotfte I)ingerid)iet An innocent, man was to be exe- 
 
 frerben. cutetl - 
 
 9)?an foil rcbl id) fein. One must (should) be honest. 
 
 Scbcrmann felt fid) felfcjr ad)ten. Every one should respect himself. 
 
 3d) frci£ nid>r, tt>a« id) fagen foil. I know not what (I ought) to say. 
 
 (£r foil fefjr gelefcrt fein. He is said to be very learned. 
 
 11. SBoftctt indicates, 1. Necessity dependent on the will of 
 the subject ; 2. A logical necessity dependent on the assertion 
 of the subject : 
 
 3d) frill e3 nid)t ncfjmen. I will not take it. 
 
 (£r frill md)t, a6er er mu§. He is not willing to, but he must. 
 
 3d) frollte e3 erfldren, afcer er frollte mid) I was going to explain it, but he 
 
 nid)t f)5ren. would not hear me. 
 
 <Sie fallen in ber (Stabt ffin ; er fritt fie They are reported to be in the city ; 
 
 gefefjen fjaben. he will have (it that he has) seen 
 
 them. 
 
182 
 
 LESSON 37. 
 
 12. £ttf[en signifies to let, leave, to get or order anything done: 
 
 Let the fire go out. 
 He has dropped (let fall) the book. 
 He leaves the window open. 
 Why do you permit him to go ? 
 I am getting me a coat made. 
 I have ordered a coat (to be made) 
 
 for him. 
 He ordered the regiment to advance. 
 
 gafji \>ai greuer autfgekn. 
 
 (iv bat baS 33ud) fallen laffen. 
 
 Gr lajH bad gcnfter offen. 
 
 SDarum laffcn -Sic tbn a,ekn ? 
 
 3cb laffe mtr cincn Rod mackn. 
 
 3<$ babe iljm (or fitr tkt) etnen $ocf 
 
 mackn laffcn. 
 (£r Hc0 bad Regiment anriicfen. 
 
 13. The above verbs, unlike may, can, must, &c., all have a 
 
 complete conjugation : 
 
 Gr burfte ntcbt gekn. 
 
 2Btr roerben n>of)l gekn fonnen, akr nid)t 
 
 gekn roollen. 
 (E3 til bcffer arbeiten ju ttotten, aid ar* 
 
 bettert ju muffcn. 
 
 He was not at liberty to go. 
 
 We shall probably be able to go, 
 
 but not wish to go. 
 It is better to wish to work than to 
 
 be obliged to work. 
 
 14. These seven verbs are often used elliptically : 
 
 SBir mi'tffen fort. 
 
 3d) f)ak gewollt, akr ntd)t gefonnt. 
 
 2£a3 foil ber £ut ? 
 
 We must (go) away. [to. 
 
 I have wished to, but not been able 
 What is the hat to signify ? 
 
 15. In the Perf. and Pluperf. these auxiliaries and the verbs 
 Ijrijjctt (to command), Ijcffctt, Ijiiren, and feljcit, when used with 
 other verbs, employ the Pres. Inf. instead of the Perf. Part. : 
 
 3d) Ijak tbn fommen bei§en. 
 3* b>be tijm arktten ftelfen. 
 3d) Ijak tljn fpreckn l)oren. 
 3d) f)abe tljn gef)en feljen. 
 3d) fjak ntd)t gekn fonnen. 
 @tc ijat e3 nidjt tfmn mogen. 
 
 I have commanded him to come. 
 
 I have helped him work. 
 
 I have heard him speak. 
 
 I have seen him go. 
 
 I have not been able to go. 
 
 She has not wished to do it. 
 
 16. When the infinitive form, instead of the participle, as 
 above, is used, it is always placed at the end of the sentence ; 
 hence the inversion, usual in relative sentences, does not take 
 place : 
 
 2)cr Sftann, toelckr Bat gekn miijjen. The man who has been obliged to go. 
 3d) »cip, bap cr tturb fommen fonnen. I know that he will be able to come. 
 
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 
 
 183 
 
 Mtion 38. 
 
 Lesson 38. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 
 
 aSetfjiiele. 
 
 SSer md)t bie 2Belt in feinen $reunben 
 \kljt, ^crbient nid)t, bap bte 2Belt »on 
 tl)m erfafyre. 
 
 Sang lek ber ftonig ! e3 freue ftd), tter 
 ba att)met tin roftgen l*id)t. 
 
 Urn bte Beit ber ^ftngfien rotrb bcr Un= 
 terrid)t in alien <3d)ttlen in Teutfd)* 
 Ianb fitr einige £age au£gefe£t. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 He who does not see the world in 
 his friends does not deserve that 
 the world should hear of him. 
 
 Long live the king ! let him rejoice 
 who breathes in the rosy light. 
 
 At the time of Whitsuntide the in- 
 struction in all schools in Germany- 
 is discontinued for several days. 
 
 SBortetUerjetdjttifi. 
 
 XtV STuSjTug, -3, pi. -fliige, excursion. 
 Ter gel fen, -S, pi. - rock. 
 Ter 23eg, -etf, pi. -e, road, way. g = y. 
 $te mp, - Alp. 
 
 Tie 23nrg, ~, pi. -en, castle. [ing. 
 
 Tie 5)ceuuntg, -, pi. -en, opinion, mean- 
 Tie Storbfette, - north side, b = th. 
 Tic Ityeilnaljme, -, participation. 
 Tic Bugbrucfe, - pi. -n, draw-bridge. 
 $tt§ <Stdbtd)en, -3, pl.~ market-town. 
 Tic ^Pftngftfcrien, -, Whitsuntide vaca- 
 tion. 
 2U>fd)itffig, steep, precipitous. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 (£in$ig, single. 
 
 3ll 5lnfprud) nel)men, lay claim to. 
 
 3al) (or gal)), abrupt (gay). 
 
 Deftlid), easterly, iJ = ea. 
 
 <5d)rofif, precipitous. 
 
 <3d)tvdlnfd), Swabian. 
 
 &id) auf ben 21kg mad)cn, set out. 
 
 Sofort', immediately. 
 
 Ue6ernad)'ten, pass the night. 
 
 25erlaf'fen, leave. 
 
 SBerfagcn, refuse. 
 
 SBcrroeilen, stay (roeilen, to while). 
 
 Beitig, early (obs. tidy. g=t ; ei = 
 
 (Bin wtb adjtjtgfte ^CufgaBe. 
 
 h 9ftein ^mmb fcfrrieb mtr sor ^urgent (22. 3.) son Urad) auQ, 
 cr fyaoe (3.) mtt 9M)reren fciner 23efannten bie $ftngftferien ^u 
 einem $u3ftuge in bie @d)ftaMfd)e 2Hp bern^t. 2. (£ie feien (1.) 
 &<m Stuttgart mtt ber StfenBa^n nad) ^eutlin^en gefafyren, nnb 
 fatten (3.) fid), ofyne (10. 6.) in bicfem <Stabtd)en langere gnt $u 
 .tterruetlen, fcfort auf ben 2Beg nad) bem $d)atm, einem 2160 $ufi 
 l)ol)cn 23erge, gemacfyt, ber ettta eine fjaltje ©tunbe oft(id) tton ber 
 
184 LESSON 38. 
 
 Statt Hegt 3. T>a fie crft ^adjmitraa^ Stuttgart tterlaffcn Ifify 
 ten, feien fie genotbigt gewefctt, fd)on in ^PfuUtngen 311 nbernad)tem 
 4. 1)en fofgenten Za§ feien fie fcfeon fefyr gettig auf tent SBege nad) 
 ter 53ura, 2td)tcnftein gerccfen, tie auf einem elnjtgen, nadj alien 
 ©eiten Ijin ialjm nnt abfdjiijjtgen gelfen ftefye, nnt) gn ter man nur 
 ttermirtelft enter 3 u 3^ r w^ e gelangen fonne, 5. Die ShtSftdjt, tie 
 man son fyter geniefje, fci fyerrlid). 6. Die gan^e Sftortfeite ter 
 ©djroabifdjen 2Hp mit ifyren fdjroffen gel$n?anten fefye man sor fid) 
 liegen. 7. SWdjt genng Wnnt er betanern tag id) tnrd) meine 
 2h*beiten fo in Slnfprud) genommen fei, tag id) mir tie Xljctlnafyme 
 an tiefem Shtsfluge ()atte serfagen mitjjen. 8, %n feinem nad)ften 
 33riefe mode er mir mefyr nnt ausfitfyrltdjer fdjreiben* 
 
 t^y Exercise 82. 
 
 1. I hope I shall see them to-morrow. 2. He has promised 
 that he will (3.) go with us to-morrow to the city. 3. He made 
 me believe that he was my friend. 4. We heard that you were 
 unwell. 5. Why do you think that he is (1. 3.) your enemy? 
 6. Because my friends told me that he hates (3.) me. 7. I have 
 heard that my brother has lost his horse. 8. They (15. 5.) say 
 these people are very poor. 9. He says we were in his garden. 
 10. Did you hear that I had found my money % 11. I had not 
 heard that you had lost it. 12. This man says that he has 
 been in Vienna. 13. It is said that the ship has arrived. 
 14. These people think that we are very rich. 15. A good 
 scholar studies diligently, that he may learn rapidly. 16. He 
 thought I could not write. 17. They said that they must have 
 the money. 18. My brother says that they have praised you. 
 19. It is said the king will be in the city to-morrow. 20. Why 
 do you think that these travelers are Russians'? 21. I heard 
 Charles say that they are Russians ; I thought they were 
 Swedes. 22. My brother writes me that he will be at home 
 next week, because he is not very well. 23. He thinks he is 
 right (10. 8.), and I think he is wrong. 24. He fears he can- 
 not see us. 
 
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 
 
 185 
 
 <$rammattfdje§. 
 
 
 ( 
 
 GJ-rammati 
 
 caL 
 
 1. Subjunctive of Sein, $akn, 
 
 and SSctiJcn. 
 
 
 Present Tense. 
 
 
 tdj fei, 
 
 \§ Ija&e, 
 
 id) roerbe, 
 
 bu feieft (or feijt), 
 
 bu b]abz\t, 
 
 bu roerbejr, 
 
 er fei, 
 
 er ^abe, 
 
 er roerbe, 
 
 roir feien, 
 
 roir tjaben, 
 
 roir roerben, 
 
 ibr feiet, 
 
 il)r Ijabet, 
 
 tt)r roerbet, 
 
 fie feien. 
 
 fie fyaben. 
 Imperfect Tense. 
 
 fie roerben. 
 
 id) rodre, 
 
 id) t)dtte, 
 
 id) roitrbe, 
 
 bu rodrefr, 
 
 bu fjdttejr, 
 
 bu roiirbefr, 
 
 er ware, 
 
 er bdtte, 
 
 er roitrbe, 
 
 roir rodren, 
 
 roir fjdrren, 
 
 roir roiirben, 
 
 ifyr roarer, 
 
 ibr batter, 
 
 i()r roiirbet, 
 
 fie rodren. 
 
 fie fatten. 
 Perfect Tense. 
 
 fie roiirben. 
 
 id) fei 
 
 
 id) $abe 
 
 
 id) fei 
 
 
 bit feift 
 
 
 bu r)abeft 
 
 
 bu feijt 
 
 
 cr fei 
 roir feien 
 
 - gcroefen. 
 
 er I)abe 
 roir tjaben 
 
 - geljabt. 
 
 er fei 
 roir feien 
 
 • geroorben. 
 
 il)r feiet 
 
 
 ifjr Tjabct 
 
 
 ir)r feiet 
 
 
 fie feien 
 
 
 fie t)aben . 
 
 
 fie feien 
 
 
 
 Pluperfect Tense. 
 
 
 id) rodre " 
 
 
 id) t)dtte 
 
 
 id) rodre i 
 
 
 bu rodreft 
 
 
 bu fydttejt 
 
 
 bu rodreft 
 
 
 er rodre 
 roir rodren 
 
 ► geroefen. 
 
 er f)dtte 
 roir fatten 
 
   geijabt. 
 
 er rodre 
 roir todrm 
 
   geroorben. 
 
 ifyr rodret 
 
 
 tr)r tjattet 
 
 
 ibj rodret 
 
 
 fte rodren > 
 
 
 fte fatten - 
 
 
 fte rodren - 
 
 
 
 First Future Tense. 
 
 
 id) roerbe " 
 
 
 id) roerbe " 
 
 
 \6^ roerbe > 
 
 
 bn roerbeft 
 
 
 bu roerbeft 
 
 
 bu roerbeft 
 
 
 er roerbe 
 roir roerben 
 
 - fein. 
 
 er roerbe 
 roir roerben 
 
 f f?aben. 
 
 er roerbe 
 roir roerben 
 
 - roerben. 
 
 il)r roerbet 
 
 
 ibr roerbet 
 
 
 ib,r roerbet 
 
 
 fie roerben - 
 
 
 fie roerben - 
 
 
 fie roerben J 
 
 
 Second Future Tense. 
 
 
 id) roerbe " 
 
 
 id) roerbe "^ 
 
 id) roerbe " 
 
 
 bn roerbeft 
 
 
 bu roerbeft 
 
 bu. roerbeft 
 
 
 er roerbe 
 
 geroefen' 
 
 er roerbe 1 geljabt 
 roir roerben | ijaben. 
 
 er roerbe 
 
 geroorben 
 
 roir roerben 
 
 fein. 
 
 roir roerben 
 
 fein. 
 
 it)r roerbet 
 
 
 ii)r roerbet | 
 
 ibr roerbet 
 
 
 fte roerben - 
 
 
 fie roerben - 
 
 ) 
 
 fie roerben - 
 
 
186 
 
 LESSON 38. 
 
 2. The Present Subjunctive often expresses (like our present 
 subjunctive) a wish, a purpose, or a command: 
 
 <3ebe er ju, ba§ man e$ md)t erfafjre. See he (let him see) to it that it be 
 
 <3o fei e#. So be it. [not discovered. 
 
 3. The Present, Perfect, and Futures of the Subjunctive are 
 
 used in the so-called indirect narration, and rendered by our 
 Indicative ; a present or future tense being often rendered by a 
 past one : 
 
 SSflan fagt, cr fei fjter. It is said he is here. 
 
 Sftan fagte, er fei f)ter. It was said he was (is) here. 
 
 2ftan fagte, er fei r)ter geroeferu It was said he had (has) been here. 
 
 Sttan fagte, er roerbe fommert. It was said he would (will) come. 
 
 Where in the indirect narration the form of the subj., in the prcs., perf. y 
 or fat. tenses, does iwt differ from that of the ind., either the conditional 
 mood (39. 1, &c.) or the imperf. or pluperf. tense of the snbj. is employed : 
 3d) borte, <Ste fatten mem S3ud). I heard you had my book. 
 
 (£r metnte, rotr roitrben gefyetu He thought we would go. 
 
 4. Examples of Subjunctive and Indicative. 
 
 Subjunctive. Indicative. 
 
 3d) l?brte, ba§ er I heard (a report) 
 
 fel)r franf fei. 
 
 2flait fagt, baf? er 
 »iel ®elb fcabe. 
 
 Wlan glaubt, ba§ er 
 fommert roerbe. 
 
 SDceinft bu, ba§ id) 
 beirt $ehtb fei ? 
 
 that he is very 
 
 sick. 
 They say he has 
 
 much money. 
 It is thought that 
 
 he will come. 
 Thinkest thou 
 
 that I am thy 
 
 enemy ? 
 
 3d) r)3rte, bafj er 
 fefjr franf tft 
 
 3d) roeip, ba§ er 
 mel ©elb l)at. 
 
 Wlan roetjj, ba£ er 
 fommert roirb. 
 
 2Bei§t bu, ba§ id) 
 beirt geinb bin ? 
 
 I heard (the fact) 
 
 that he is very 
 
 sick. 
 I know that he has 
 
 much money. 
 It is known that 
 
 he will come. 
 Knowest thou 
 
 that I am thy 
 
 enemy ? 
 
 5. The Present Subjunctive of all verbs, except feitt, is 
 
 formed by suffixing to the root e for the first and third persons 
 
 sing., and eft for the second ; the first and third persons plur. 
 
 add en, the second, et : * 
 
 id) Io6*e, rotr tob^en, id) roofl*ef rotr roott^ert, 
 
 bu lob-eft, ifa tob^et, \)u rooIUeft, tbj rool^et, 
 
 er tob^e, fie lob=en. er rooE^e, fie roofl^en. 
 
CONDITIONAL MOOD. 187 
 
 6. In the New Conjugation the form of the Imperfect of the 
 Subjunctive usually differs from that of the Indicative by taking 
 C before the endings it, tcft, tctl, ttt I 
 
 Indicative. Conjunctive, 
 
 idj loMc, totr IoMetl, id) to&*C*fc f rrur lob ^ten, 
 
 bu hb4tft, 
 
 l$r loMet, 
 
 bu lob^tefl, 
 
 tyx M*t'tct, 
 
 er (oMe, 
 
 fie loMen. 
 
 er lo^t'U, 
 
 fte lob^tcn, 
 
 7. Verbs of the O&Z Form, also the Irregular verbs fldjCil, 
 ftcljCtt (36. 5.), and tljuit (36. 6.), form the Imperf. Subj. by 
 taking the umlaut, if capable of it, and by adding in the first 
 and third persons sing, c to the form of the Indicative : 
 
 Indie 
 
 ative. 
 
 Conjunctive. 
 
 id) gab, 
 
 riur gab=en, 
 
 id) sa6=e, roir g,ab=en, 
 
 bu gab=ji (eft), 
 
 ii)r goto (et), 
 
 bu gab^ft (eft), il)r gaM (et), 
 
 er ga&, 
 
 fie gab=en. 
 
 er gab=e, fte gab^eru 
 
 8. The Imperfect Subjunctive of the Irregular verbs Brcits 
 
 ncn, fciroeu, itctumt, rennen, fenben, and toenben (36. l.) is 
 
 formed like the Imperfect Indicative of the New Conjugation. 
 
 $ringcit, benfen (36. 2.), biirfen, fimttctt, miigctt, and miff en 
 
 (36. 4.) form the Subjunctive in the Imperfect by taking the 
 umlaut'. 
 
 
 ficftton 39. Lesson 39. 
 
 CONDITIONAL MOOD. 
 
 SctfUtcIe. Examples. 
 
 £atteft bu son 5D?enfd)en beffer flctd ge= Hadst thou always thought better 
 
 bad)t, bu fyatteft beffer aud) gel)an* of men thou hadst also acted 
 
 belt. better. 
 
 Sure Serfoljnung roar ein roenig ut Your reconciliation was a little too 
 
 fd)nell, a(3 bafi fie tjatte bauerljaft hasty to (allow that it might) be 
 
 feist fonnen. enduring. 
 
188 
 
 LESSON 39. 
 
 SBbrtert)cr$etdjnt&. 
 
 $et 2Ma§, -e3, pi. -Xdffe, rise, occasion. 
 Dcr 9lpfelbaum, -«, pi. -fcaume, apple- 
 
 tree. 
 'Der <5d)er$, -e3- pi. -e, jest, joke. 
 2Dte (S^re. -, honor. 
 £>ie ftrucfyt, -, pi. griicfyte, fruit. 
 Die 3>flege, - care (9>fltd)t, plight). 
 £ie ©ad)e, -, pi. -n, matter (sake). 
 Die Sernncf lung, - pi. -en, complicaT 
 
 tion. 
 2)te 3ttt, - pi. -en, time (tide. j = t). 
 2>ie 3uflud)t3jldtte, -, pi. -n, place of 
 
 refuge. [vessel. 
 
 $00 gifdjerboot, -e$, pi. -tote, fishing- 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Das? gidjt, ~e$, pi. -er, candle ; light. 
 Da3 2Befen, -5, pi. -, the being. 
 23eglct'ten, accompany. 
 Srnft, serious, earnest, e = ea. 
 £avmlo3, harmless, o = e. 
 9ftt9li$, delicate, dubious. 
 $eijcn, irritate, 
 ©tubi'ren, study. 
 Ungtvetfel^aft, doubtless. 
 2krfal)'ren, act, conduct. 
 23crnunf tig, reasonable. 
 23errei'(en, to travel. 
 3u ©runbe gefyen, to perish (©runb, 
 ground). 
 
 $rei unb ttdjt$tgfie Wufgafie. 
 
 1. SBer fyatre (1. and 3.) gebad)t, bag biefer Ijarmlofe 8d)erg gu 
 fo ernften SSerroidlungen 2ln(a§ geben ir>erbe ! 2. £atteji (1.) bu 
 ben £unb nid)t gereigt, fo ^atte er bid) ntc^t gebijfen. 3. 2Benn er 
 lein ©elb fyatte, miirbe (1.) er nict)t serreift fetn. 4. Dtefer Slpfel- 
 baum toiirbe aud) bejfere griidjte rragen, rcemt er biefelbe $flege 
 genojfe, true jener. 5. 2Iucfy btefeS gifcfyerboot ware ungroeifetbaft 
 gu ®rnnbe gegangen, toenn e3 nicfct nod) gur red)ten 3^tt eine 
 3uflud)t0ftatte gefunben ptte. 6. Gs mare jefct nid)t mogHd), 
 iiber ben glujj gu fabren. 7. 3$ mod)te rciffen, toas gu gtauben 
 ift. 8. 2$er fyatte geglaubt, ba§ er ein folded £erg getgen roitrbe ! 
 9. $ein sernitnftiger 9ftenfd) toiirbe (4.) fo gefyanbelt ^abert. 10. 
 3d) loiirbe gleid) %u iljm gefyen, menu id) mtr toufjte, ir>o er ift 
 11. (Sr toiirbe elenb fein, toernt er fo leben mitfjte, one id)* 12, 
 SBenn id) bag genrngt I) arte, fo toare idj gang anbers serfafyrem 
 13. 3d) ir-iirbe mit ifynen geben, menn id) nid)t fo inet gu tbttn 
 fyatte. 14. SGenn id) bag 33ud) gefehen fyatre, nrurbe id) e$ gefauft 
 tyaben. 15. 2Qir ttmrben fd)on gang gut beutfd) fprecben fonnen, 
 votnn toxv fleijjiger ftubtrt fatten. 16. 5Benn fie 3?\t gefyabt §at* 
 
CONDITIONAL MOOD. 
 
 189 
 
 ten, toittben fte una gerotfj begteitet fyaften. 17. 2)a3 ware eine 
 mifjlicfye ©acfye. 18. Dfyne (Sfyre nmrbe ber SDtenfdj ein elenbes 
 SBefen fetn. 
 
 y 
 
 Exercise 84. 
 
 1. We should be happier, if we were (1.) more conscientious. 
 2. I would bring the apples, if they were ripe. 3. You would 
 easily sell your wares, if the price were not too high. 4. Your 
 friends would certainly visit you, if they had time. 5. I would 
 buy the wood, if it were dry. 6. What would you do with 
 these horses, if they were yours 1 7. I would give them oats 
 and hay. 8. What sort of a world would this (29. 6.) be, if 
 everybody in it were honest, industrious, and temperate % 9. It 
 would be much pleasanter than it is now. 10. I would have 
 remained at home, if I had known that it would rain. 11. If 
 I had believed that it would rain, I would certainly have stayed 
 at home. 12. Were we all rich, who would do the disagreeable 
 work? 13. were I with you again! 14. We should have 
 come earlier, if the roads had been good. 15. He thought that 
 you had had his cloak. 16. Was it thought (15. 5.) that the 
 soldiers would remain over night 1 1 7. It was said that they 
 would go at six o'clock. 18. The children stayed at home, 
 because their parents feared it would rain. 
 
 ®rammttttfdje3. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 Conditional of <©ein, gaoen, SBerben. 
 
 First Conditional. Second Conditional. 
 
 \§ ttitrbe 
 bit ttitrbeft 
 er linirbc 
 ttnr toiirbcn 
 tfjr ttiirbct 
 fie ttiirben 
 
 fctn. 
 
 fca6en. 
 
 rccrben. 
 
 id) ttntrbe 
 bu ttitrbeft 
 cr ttritrbe 
 
 $ett>efen fetn. 
 ^TttfaM fsefcafo Wen 
 i*r»urfeet Shorten fetn. 
 fte ttitrben 
 
190 LESSOR 39. 
 
 1. For the above forms of the conditional, the Imperf. and 
 Pluperf. Subj. are often substituted : 
 
 2)a3 roare fcfyoner, roenn e$ ntct>t fo grop That were more beautiful, were it 
 
 roare ; anjlatt : not so large ; instead of : 
 
 £a$ roiirbe fd)bner fetn, ttenn e£ rtic^t fo That would be more beautiful, if it 
 
 gro§ roare (or roare e$ ntd)t fo gro§). were not so large. 
 
 3d) batte e$ mcr>t geglaubt, Ijatte id) e$ I had not believed it, had I not 
 
 nid)t gefeben ; anftatt : seen it ; instead of : 
 
 3d) n>iirbe e$ nid)t geglaubt fyaben, roenn I would not have believed it, if I 
 
 id) e3 ntdjt gefeljen l)dtte. had not seen it. 
 
 SSufne £crr Herbert, roo id) bin, fo fame (Here our idiom does not admit of 
 
 cr ju mtr ; anftatt : a literal translation.) 
 
 SSenn £err Herbert roiijjte, roo tcf; bin, fo If Mr. Herbert knew Avhere I am, 
 
 ftitrbe er ju mtr fommen. • he would come to me. 
 
 2. The Conditional mood is employed when a condition is 
 supposed which is regarded as doubtful or impossible : 
 
 (£r roiirbe e3 tbttn, roenn er fbnnte. He would do it, if he could. 
 
 <S« wiirben e3 gertjan fyaben, roenn fte ba They would have done it, if they 
 geroefen roaren. had been there. 
 
 3. The Conditional is employed interrogatively to express 
 surprise or dissent; with a negative it is used to give emphasis or 
 intensity to the sentence : 
 
 £raume, $rtn j ? fo roaren e$ nur Staume Dreams, Prince? have they been 
 
 geroefen ? but dreams ? 
 
 3d) roiipte »on feinem beffern $lane. I know of no better plan. 
 
 4. Sometimes the condition, or that on which it depends, is 
 not exi 
 
 <Sd)roerlidj modjte er beS ^etnbe^ jhtnb* He can scarcely deceive the scouts 
 fcfyaft bintergefyen. of the enemy. 
 
 5. To express absolute certainty, the Pres. or Imperf. Ind. is 
 
 sometimes substituted for the Conditional : 
 
 $tete ber (Seittanger jejjt, fo ijt (for roare) Should the rope-dancer now fall, he 
 er fcerloren. is (certainly) lost. 
 
INFINITIVE MOOD. 191 
 
 
 SBiefocrljofung. Recapitulation. 
 
 Ftinf und achtzigste Aufgabe. 
 
 Der Klieinfall bei Schaffhausen. 
 
 Von SchafFhausen leiten auf beiden Ufern des Rheines romantische 
 Pfade zu clem eine Stunde (etwa zwei und eine halbe englische 
 Meile) entfernten, weltberuhmten Katarakte. Wenn man die Strasse 
 iiber Feuerthalen und Uhlwiesen auf der Zurieher Seite einscftlagt 
 nach dem alterthiimlichen Schlosse Laufen, das auf einem Felsen- 
 vorsprung uber dem Bergkessel ruht, in welchen sich der Wasserfall 
 donnernd walzt, so iiberblickt man, indem man in das uber dem Ab- i-UJife 
 grunde hangende Pavilion tritt, auf einmal tief zu seinen Fiissen die 
 tobende glanzvolle Herrlichkeit. ^ 
 
 Schon bei Schaffhausen bricht sich der Strom an einzelnen vor- 
 tauchenden Klippen. In sehoner Bogenlinie fluthet er zu der ver- 
 hangnissvollen Stelle. Immer litiufiger werden die Felsenrisse seines 
 Bettes ; immer mehr losen sich die silbergriinen Wasser zu Milch- 
 schaum auf. Noch sind an einzelnen klaren Stellen die Steinbanke 
 sichtbar, uber die er hingleitet. Nun aber plotzlich bricht die Strom- 
 masse. Sie wird zur Schneelawine an blendender Weisse und Wuth^>e^ 
 des Sturzes ; zermalmend sauscn zwischen vier Felsthiirmen die 
 Wasserberge in den 60 bis 70 Schuh weiten Schlund Bfern.ieder; 
 Staubsaulen fahren wirbelnd in die Liifte und umschwarmen, wie 
 silberfarbenes Gewolke, die Klippen gipfel, — und ein ewiges Donner- 
 getose, zwischen welchem oftmals hinein ein leises, femes Glocken- 
 gelaute zu tonen scheint, fullt mit seinem Wiederhall die Wande des 
 Gebirges. \ 
 
 Milan 40. Lesson 40. 
 
 INFINITIVE MOOD. 
 
 sBciftnele. Examples. 
 
 £u ©cfytoert an nteincr Sittfen, tt>a<3 foil Thou sword upon my left, what means 
 
 bcin fyettrcS 33tinfen ? thy cheerful gleaming ? 
 
 Sie fyatte cine 2Banbut)r tm £aufe ftefyen. She had a clock standing in the house. 
 
 Go ift t'cinc Beit \\\ ttcrticren. There is no time to lose. 
 
 Gv i\t wad) 2)eutfd)Ianb gereift, urn bie He has gone to Germany (in order) to 
 
 bcutfcfje ©pracfye p lernen. learn the German language. 
 
192 
 
 LESSON 40. 
 
 2Bbrieri)er3et(Jjnt&. 
 
 $er teller, -<?, pi. -, cellar, f = c. 
 
 £)er ©tord), -i\\ pi. ©tordje, stork. 
 
 5Dte Sranbung, -, pi. -en, surf. 
 
 SDie 2)etd)fel, - pi. -n, shafts, thills. 
 
 25te 3ugcnb, -, youth, j = y. 
 
 Die 2Jcuf)e, - pi. -n, trouble. 
 
 Die 9?ad)ttgaU, -, pi. -en, nightingale. 
 
 2>O0 33ctragcn, -*, heluivior. 
 
 2)a$ geft -eS, pi. -e, feast, e = ea. 
 
 DaS Ungliicf, -3, misfortune. 
 
 5fufix^arf>fcn, grow up (wadjfen, wax). 
 
 23cfer)'tcrt, order, command. 
 
 Screi'ten, prepare (berett, ready. t = d). 
 
 SBraufen, roar. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Srroerben, acquire. 
 
 $ed)tcn, fence, fight, e = i ; d) = gh. 
 
 gvol), glad (fro()ltd), frolic). 
 
 giiblen, feel, it = ee. 
 
 ©ebor'djen, obey (Ijordjen, hearken). 
 
 £erjltd), heartily, e = ea ; £ = t. 
 
 ft'lavpcvn, clatter, clack. 
 
 Dftmal3, oft-times, frequently. 
 
 9iiil)men, boast, praise. 
 
 ©paji'ren retten, ride on horseback. 
 
 Itnbequcm, inconvenient. 
 
 8ar, for. » •** t 
 5Bad)en, watch, d) — tch. 
 Bittern, tremble (titter, g = t). 
 
 <sc(p unb aijtjtgfic tofgafic. 
 
 1. 55on 3ugenb auf {jab' id) gelernt gefjord)en. 2. $3ann wer* 
 ben (5ie febtafen gefyen (1.)? 3. 3d) lege mid) gemofyntid) urn 
 get)n U&r frfjlafrm 4. £r tyat SBein im Metier liegen (10. 6.). 
 5. ^atjren Sic fyeute 9)?tttag fpagiren (2.) ? 6. 9tein, an meinem 
 SBagen ift tie Deid)fel gebrod)en; id) toerbe bect>alb fpajircn retten* 
 7. 2)a3 nennt ifjr arbetten ? 8. £anbeln (3.) ift leid)t ; benfen ift 
 fdjroer ; nad) bent ©ebad)ten Ijanbeln, unbequem. 9. ^)ier ift gut 
 jctrt ; t)ier Iajjt un3 £iitten bauen. 10. $efte feb' ids fro^ berriten, 
 11. 3« groftt Unglitd lernt tin ebleS £eq fid) ftnben. 12. 3^r 
 utadjt mtd) gittern, bod) nid)t oor grcube. 13. £ort tfyr jerte 
 23ranbung braufen ? 14, ©terben ift Sfttdjts, aber leben unb ntdjt 
 frijen, ba3 ift eitt Ungtiid. 15. iperr Sadjmann lefyrte mf& retten 
 unb fed)ten. 16. 3fyr fat)t fie unter thd) aufroad)fen. 17'. 2Ber 
 (jfefj eud) gehen ? 18. 3d) fcorte btefe$ 33ud) ofrmata rufymen. 
 19. £te ftad)tigail roirb fid) balb boren laffen. 20. 33efehlen ift 
 leid)t; gebord)en ift fcfyvoer. 21. SGir ftnb femes 23etragen3 t)er^ 
 Itcr> mitbe, 22. £>er $id)ter Iie§ ben 2>erbred)er in'S ®efangni§ 
 loerfen. 23. Wan lebt nidjt, urn $u effen, fonbern man ift, urn 
 gu leben. 24. £)em ©tord>e gefatlt fein Mappem (4.). 25, S3ir 
 merben immer genug gu roachen unb m voirfen tjaben. 26, $ennt* 
 nip laffen ftd) nid)t oljne grope 9ftitije ertoerben. 
 
INFINITIVE MOOD. 
 
 193 
 
 Exercise 87. 
 
 I. We hear the birds singing (1.). 2. He who does not learn 
 to obey cannot learn to command. 3. Who taught you to 
 sing 1 4. We saw the boys playing. 5. The children remained 
 sitting until the teacher told them to go. 6. I hear some one 
 up stairs singing. 7. Let us take a ride in a carriage (2.). 
 8. No, I prefer riding on horseback. 9. This story is not to be 
 believed (10. 5.). 10. My name is Adolphus. 11. Keep your 
 seat (remain sitting). 12. Are you learning to draw? 1.3. I 
 have learned to draw. 14. I learn to read a language before 
 I speak it. 15. Smoking (4.) is an expensive habit. 16. Fashion 
 (14. 2.) teaches us to waste time and health and money. 17. 
 How is this called (1.) in German'? 18. It is called ... I know 
 not how. 19. I heard the clock strike a few minutes ago. 20. 
 Remain standing until the clock strikes. 21. The doctor is to 
 be seen at four o'clock. 22. Let us take a walk (2.). 
 
 ®rammaftfdje§. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Infinitive, with one of the following verbs, is used 
 ithout $u, and often best rendered by our Present Participle : 
 
 bletben, remain. 
 
 fiiblen, feel. 
 
 ftnbcn, find. 
 
 Qef)en, go. 
 
 Ijctfjcn, bid, tell. 
 <£r blteb ft£en. 
 3$ fybre ilm fommert. 
 3$ fu&Ie ben gtoia fd)Tagen. 
 ©old) em 2lnbltcf madjt mid) immer ladjen. 
 3d) Ijalf tf)m arbetten. 
 3d) (erne jetdjnen. 
 
 Ijelfen, help. 
 Ijoren, hear, 
 legen, lay. 
 leljren, teach. 
 V 
 
 lernen, learn. 
 mad)en, make, 
 nennen, call. 
 fefyen, see. 
 
 He remained sitting (kept his seat). 
 
 I hear him coming. 
 
 I feel the pulse beating (beat). 
 
 Such a sight always makes me laugh. 
 
 I helped him work. 
 
 I am learning to draw. 
 
 §cijjett r when used intransitively, often answers to the passive of to name, 
 call, or to the noun name, with the verb to be : 
 
 @r l)et§t flarl. He is named (or his name is) Charles. 
 
 SSie fyetflt ba3 tm 8?ranj5jtf#en ? What is that called in French ? 
 
 £eigt baa arbetten ? Do you call that (or is that called) 
 
 working ? 
 
194 
 
 LESSON 41. 
 
 2. Sjmjt'rett is used chiefly with fasten, fitljrett, gjljen, and 
 
 Xtittll, and implies exercise for recreation or pleasure : 
 
 I walk ; you ride (in a carriage). 
 My friend, Mr. Bernhard, rides (on 
 
 3d) gelje fpagtren ; <5ie fafyren fpaghm 
 Wlein ftreunb, £err Sern&arb, rettet 
 
 fpajtren. 
 
 horseback). 
 
 3. The Infinitive (usually without Jtt) often stands as the 
 subject of a sentence : 
 
 ©3 i|l fcffer Unred)t letben, aU Unred)t 
 
 tljim. 
 (Scinen ^etnbcn perjetfjen, iff ebel. 
 (S3 iff ein garner Sob, serbrennen. 
 
 It is better to suffer wrong than to 
 
 do wrong. 
 To forgive one's enemies is noble. 
 It is an ugly death, to be burned. 
 
 4. The Infinitive, when used substantively (10. 6.), is treated 
 as a neuter noun and answers to the substantive use of the 
 participle in English : 
 
 T)a$ Siigen fdjabet bent Siianer am mciflen. Lying injures the liar the most. 
 Die erfle SBtrfung be3 £uo,en$ ijl SKip* The first effect of lying is dis- 
 trauen. trust. 
 
 Scftton 41. Lesson 41. 
 
 PARTICIPLES AND IMPERATIVE. 
 
 tfetn 2>orn Perlefce bte etlenben %u$t 
 
 unb feme fd)letd)enbe <3d)lange beinc 
 
 gerfe. 
 Stoftt ouf ben SBea. cjeftreut unb be$ 
 
 ^arrnS ttergefjen. 
 <Sd)Iag ge&n fcrtngt tr>r bent £er$og fetfcji 
 
 bie <3c&Tuflel. 
 (£r fdjabet fid) baburd), bap er ju tttel 
 
 fd)laft. 
 Urtebe fet mtt btr ! griebe fet nut bet* 
 
 nen £elfem! 
 
 Examples. 
 
 May no thorn wound thy (the) has- 
 tening feet, and no crawling ser- 
 pent thy heel. 
 
 Let roses on the path be thrown 
 and sorrows be forgotten. 
 
 Precisely at ten bring the keys to 
 the duke himself. 
 
 He injures himself by sleeping too 
 much. 
 
 Peace be with thee. Peace be with 
 thy helpers. 
 
PARTICIPLES AND IMPERATIVE. 
 
 105 
 
 SSoriertoerjetdjntB. 
 
 2>er 33ebien'tc, -n, pi. -n, servant. 
 Der 23eruf , -e3, duty, calling. 
 £>cr (EigenniU), -e3, self-interest. 
 £)er gltmmcrfd)ctn, -9, glimmer. 
 2)er fyiirf!, -en, pi. -en, prince. 
 2>er ©lanj, -t$> pomp, glance. 
 Ter .£afe, -n, pi. -n, hare, f = r. 
 2>er ^amerab', -en, pi. -en, comrade. 
 Der JRappe, -n, pi. -n, black steed. 
 £er llmgang, -£, company, intercourse. 
 $ie ©efcHftyaft -, pi. -en, society. 
 £te £aft, -, haste. 
 Die 9)erle, -, pi. -n, pearl, e = ea. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Die <3d)ranfe, -n, pi. -n, bound, limit. 
 
 Die Me, -, pi. -n, billow (well). 
 
 9lrbettfam, industrious, active. 
 
 ©cftrafen, punish. 
 
 $rifd) auf, up, onward. 
 
 QHoitgCtt, glitter, glance. 
 
 Soofen (or lofen), draw lots, gamble. 
 
 spimftltd), punctual. 
 
 9ied)tfd)affen, honest. 
 
 <3d)aumen, foam, scum, an = u. 
 
 (Streng, severe, strong, e = o. 
 
 (5d)tt>anfen, stagger (Prov. swag). 
 
 ,3aumen, bridle (3<xum, team. $ = t). 
 
 M)t unb adjtjtgfte ^lufgaBe. 
 
 1. £)er braufenbe SBinb treibt ba$ fcfymanfenbe ©cbiff burd) bie 
 fdniumenben SBellen. 2. £)iefer ^flann ift ein gu beftrafenber (3.) 
 2>erbred)er. 3. £)ort lommt tin Wann in ttofler £aft gelaufen (2.). 
 4. Der alte 9ftann fcfyreibt mtt gitternber £anb. 5. Sin fd)fafen= 
 bcr ipunb fangt feinen £afen. 6. grifd) auf! ^ameraben, ben 
 happen a,e$aumt (9.) ! 7. SSerltere nid)t fur eiteln ©fang nnb 
 glimnierfdjetn bie ad)tc $erle beitte^ 2BertI)e3. 8. £fyuft bu etmaS 
 ®ute£, fo fud)e bid) nid)t bafiir begafylt gu ntad)en, benn burd) 
 (Eia,ennu£ tterliert jebe a,ute £anbtuna, ifyren $3ertl). 9. Siebe, \va$ 
 recfyt ift, nnb t()ue, toad bu liebft ; benfe, n?a3 rcafyr ift, unb fage 
 nidjt 2lUe3, ttas bu benfft, fo mirft bu redUfd)affen unb luetfe. 10. 
 Jpo^er, benn ^tCIed fd)a^e ben Umgang mit SBeifen. 11. ©ud)e 
 feinen ^enfeben, and) ben fd)road)ften nid)t, in ©efellfcfyaft Xad>erltd> 
 §it mad)en. 12. Sri ftrencje, orbentlid), pitnftltd), arbeitfam unb 
 fieijh'a, in beinem 23erufe. 13. Die brennenbe (Sonne fdjmilgt ben 
 ^Kin^enben <Sd)nce. 14. <8d)iden @ie 3b r en Sebienten gu mir. 
 15. <2age bem 3cd)ann, er foil fommen. 16. 35ere unb orbeite. 
 17. £a§t un3 in unfern (2d)ranfen bletben. 18. £)enfe 3eber nur 
 an bas 9?ad)fte ; laffen \viv bie ©rogen, ber Srbe gurften, urn bte 
 (Srbe (oofen. 
 
196 LESSON 41. 
 
 Exercise 89. 
 
 1. The falling rain refreshes the fading flowers. 2. A stand- 
 ing tree is more beautiful than a fallen one. 3. The children 
 come running (2.) and leaping. 4. Never trouble another for 
 what you can do yourself. 5. Never say disagreeable things, 
 and never see them, if you can avoid it. G. Wait till I have 
 read my letter. 7. Do not injure yourself by sleeping too 
 much. 8. Let us not despair, but work and wait. 9. Remain 
 standing until you are called. 10. The falling snow covers the 
 smiling valley. 11. Govern your subordinates by treating them 
 kindly. 12. The burning sun drives the lowing herds into the 
 forests. 13. "So be it," said the king, smiling. 14. The smil- 
 ing spring brings us the smiling flower. 15. The hoping hus- 
 bandman sees with joy the swelling buds and the ripening corn. 
 16. The boy stood on the burning deck. 17. Do not speak 
 otherwise than thou thinkest ; speak not all that thou thinkest. 
 18. Let us go to tne concert. 19. A sleeping lion is less 
 dangerous than a waking fox. 
 
 ©rammattfdjcS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Present Participle used attributively, when having 
 an object, is preceded by the object : 
 
 2>cr U)tt toknbe Setyrer. The teacher who pjaises him. 
 
 2. The Perfect Participle sometimes answers to our Present 
 Participle, or, like many other words, it may often be varied or 
 omitted in translation, according to the different idioms of the 
 two languages : 
 
 (Er fam bie <Stra£e ^ergc^ogcn. He came (strolling) along the street. 
 
 2)a3 ©elb tji serloren gegangen. The money is (gone) lost, [(flown). 
 
 ■§>eulenb fommt ber (Sturm geflogen. Howling comes the storm flying 
 
 3. There is a third or Puture Participle, formed from transi- 
 tive verbs by prefixing JU to the present participle ; it always 
 has a passive signification and implies necessity or obligation : 
 
 £>te gu fiird)tenbe ©efar)r. The to-be-feared danger. 
 
 2)a3 gu bauertbe £au$. The house which is to be built. 
 
PARTICIPLES AND IMPERATIVE. 197 
 
 4. In the Imperative the subject is usually not expressed : 
 
 $ctrl, 6ringe (not fringe bu) mix bad 23ud). Charles, bring me the book. 
 $inber, gef)t (notgefyt i()r) in btefeS £au3. Children, go into this house. 
 
 5. When the third person is used for the second, the Impera- 
 tive is expressed by the subjunctive : 
 
 <5e£en <5ie fid), ©eten Sie rufjtg. Be seated. Be quiet. 
 
 ©d)icfe er bad spferb morgen. Send the horse to-morrow. 
 
 ©ef)en (£intge unb giinbcn SReU^oIj an, (Let) some go and kindle brush, 
 ba§ c£ lot) brenne, ttenn bie banner that it may burn brightly when 
 
 fomnten. the men come. 
 
 6. The Imperative, when including the first and second per- 
 sons, is usually expressed by the aid of fttffctt, sometimes, how- 
 ever, by the first person plural of the subjunctive : 
 
 2)er @d)Webe fagt md £ulfe gu ; lajjt The Swede promises us aid ; let us 
 
 unS fie mtfeeiu use it. 
 
 SSerjrtgen toir and) nid)t gu fritlj. Let us not despair, however, too 
 
 soon. 
 
 7. The auxiliary foKcit is often used with the signification 
 of the Imperative : 
 
 Sfyr foftt nid)t toetter gefjen. Do not go farther (go no farther), 
 
 ©ef) {)in! bu fottfl auf (Erben fur mi<§ Go forth ! testify for me on earth ! 
 geugcn ! 
 
 8. The Imperative, when specially positive, is sometimes 
 expressed by the indicative : 
 
 1)it geftfl (instead of get)). You go (instead of go). 
 
 £>u ukrnimmft bie fpan 1 fd)en $egtnten= You take charge of the Spanish regi- 
 
 ter, mad))t immer Stnffcut unb nnrft ments, constantly make prepara- 
 
 niematS ferttg, unb, treikn fie bid), tions and never be ready, and if 
 
 gegen mid) JU $%% fo fagfi bu \a, they urge you to march against 
 
 unb bkibft gefeft'ett ftetjen. — <5d)itter. me, say yes and remain fettered 
 
 standing. 
 
 9. The Imperative is often expressed by the perfect participle, 
 by a single noun, or by an adverb : 
 
 9?tdit fo taut gefprodkn. Don't speak so loud (not so loud). 
 
 9ld)tung ! »ortt>tirt$ ! Attention ! forward ! 
 
 2)er ©ergtoeg ijffnet fid) ; nur frifd) mir The mountain path opens ; follow 
 ttCtd). me at once. 
 
198 
 
 LESSON 42. 
 
 fieftian 42. Lesson 42. 
 
 COMPOUND VERBS. SEPARABLE AND INSEPARABLE. 
 
 Setfjriefe. 
 
 ©ie atMIicfyflen ©tunben fctned Sebend 
 
 bringt cr untcr ben SMumcn 511. 
 2)er SBetfe |feft bad 9?it£ltd)e bcm 3In* 
 
 genefymen unb bad 9totb,roenbia,e bem 
 
 9iu£lid)en *or. 
 G^ |te^en bte luftigen 58olfcn am £im* 
 
 mcl bat)tn unb babcr. 
 3m SBtntcr rufyt bie (Srbe and unb fam* 
 
 melt neue Jtrftfte. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The happiest hours of his life he 
 
 spends among the flowers. 
 The wise man prefers the useful to 
 
 the agreeable and the necessary 
 
 to the useful. 
 The airy clouds float hither and 
 
 thither in the sky. 
 In (the) winter the earth reposes 
 
 and collects new strength. 
 
 2Bortcrtiersetdjni&. 
 
 $cr tfefiofc -e3, pi. -fafce, sketch, 
 essay. 
 
 £>er 9lugenMtcf, -3, pi. -e, moment. 
 
 £)er Staatdserbredjer, -3, pi. -, state- 
 criminal. 
 
 £>er 23orfprung, -3, pi. -fpriinge, promi- 
 nence. 
 
 £)er SSUbljeuer, -3, pi. -, hay-gatherer 
 on wild lands. 
 
 2)er SBunbarjt, -ed, pi. -argte, sur- 
 geon. 
 
 $te ftelbfrudjt, - pi. -fritdjte, field- 
 produce. 
 
 £>ie ®ei§, -, pi. -n, goat, et = oa. 
 
 2)ie £reppe, - pi. -n, staircase, flight 
 of stairs. 
 
 $0$ ®efd)tt>ur', -#, pi. -e, ulcer. 
 
 Sad £eil, -3, welfare (fyetlen, heal). 
 
 Slbmafjcn, mow off (maljen, mow). 
 
 9lbrei§en, pull down. 
 
 §led)t, genuine. 
 
 Slnfummen, arrive (an, on ; fommen, 
 come). 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Slufgefjen, rise (auf, up ; getyen, go). 
 Sluffdmetben, cut open. 
 9Iuffd)retben, note, write down. 
 9fuffpetd)ern, garner. 
 Sfudarkiten, elaborate, compose. 
 2ludbrefd)en, thrash, b = th. 
 9tu3fpred)en, pronounce. 
 SluStaufcfyen, interchange. 
 Saufallig, liable to fall. 
 23efttm'men, fix, determine. 
 2)urd)marfd)tren, march through. 
 Gutbtnben, bind, 
 (gmfammeln, gather. 
 (Einfcfyretben, write down (or in). 
 (Etnmanbern, immigrate. 
 (Ettern, fester (obs. atter, poison). 
 (Empcr'fUmmen, climb up. 
 £mab'frur$en, cast down O^urjen, start). 
 Innun'terfatten, drop, fall. 
 2ftittf)etten, communicate. 
 3ftonatttd), monthly, t = th. 
 <5td) etnftnben, come, appear, 
 llmfebren, turn back. 
 
COMPOUND VERBS. SEPARABLE AND INSEPARABLE. 199 
 
 *Rcwtjtgjle ^ufgafie. 
 
 1. @g tuanbem etwa 20,000 Deutfdje monatltdj in Slmerifa 
 etn (2.)» 2. $aben ©ie ftd) gur befttmmten ©tunbe eingefun* 
 ben (2.)? 3. 3a, tc^ fam gerabe int redjten Sfugenbiicfe an* 
 4. 2$arum reigt man btefeg £aug ab ? 5. 28et( eg baufallig ijh 
 6. Die SBilbbeuer matjen bag ©rag oon ben 3Sorfpritngen ber 
 fd)reffen gelfen ab, 311 benen felbft bie ©eig ntc^t mefyr emporfiim* 
 men fann. 7. Der 23ud)binber i)at biefe 53iid)er biibfc^ eingebun* 
 ben. 8. Die Corner ftiiqten bie ©taatgserbredjer tiom £arpe'jifd)en 
 gelfen fyinab. 9. Der $nabe fief bie Sreppe fyinunter nnb brad) 
 ciu 33ein. 10. 5l(g ttnr an ben breiten <Sump[ famen, iiberlegren 
 (5.) tuir, ob eg beffer fet, umjufefyren ober muttyig burd)$umarfd)i= 
 ren (5.). 11. £aft bu (Stroag, fo luetic mtr-g mit, nnb id) gable, 
 tuag red)t ift ; btft bu (Srmag, bann taufdjen bie Seeten h>ir aug, 
 
 12. $akm @ie aufgefdmeben, tuag id) Stywn geftern mtttfjeilte? 
 
 13. 3a, aber ic^ l)abe bag 33ud) oerloren, tvorin idj eg eingefdjrie* 
 hm fyatte* 14. Diefer (Sdjiiler f)at feinen 2luffa0 gut aug* 
 gearbeitet. 15. Urn biefe 3^^eggeit gefyt bie (Sonne urn fcier 
 Ubr auf. 16. <2ie fpredjen bie beurfdjen Shorter fefyr gut au$. 
 17. Der fletgige Sanbmann §at feine ge(bfriid)te eingefammelt, 
 auggebrofefyen unb aufgefpeidjert. 18. Die tabelnbc 2Bal)rt)eit beg 
 adjtcn ^reunbeg ift bag s 3ftejfer beg SSunbargteg, bag em eiternbeg 
 ©efcbwiir auffefynetbet ; eg *erurfad)t ©djmerjen, aber gum £eUe 
 beg Seibenben. 
 
 Exercise 91. 
 
 1. The bird has flown away (2.) and the horse has rnn away. 
 2. The city still sustains the siege. 3. Who has taken away 
 my gloves and your umbrella 1 ? 4. Your brother took away 
 your gloves yesterday. 5. At what time do you go out this 
 evening 1 ? 6. I shall not go out this evening ; I went out this 
 morning. 7. Can you pronounce these words well 1 8. lean 
 pronounce them, but not very well. 9. Have you already be- 
 gun to read Schiller's " Wallenstein " 1 10. No, but I shall 
 begin to-morrow ; my friend Albert began yesterday. 11. Does 
 
200 
 
 LESSON' 42. 
 
 he pronounce well? 12. Yes, he pronounces very well. 13. 
 Why don't you take away your table 1 14. I have not time to 
 take it away. 15. I am copying letters for my friend who 
 went away yesterday. 16. He understands what you say, but 
 he cannot pronounce the German words very well. 17. When 
 will your friends go away 1 18. They have already gone away. 
 19. More Germans emigrate to America than to all other coun- 
 tries. 20. My friend writes me that he will arrive to-morrow. 
 
 21. The Germans have invented many useful instruments. 
 
 22. I found out who has taken away my grammar. 
 
 ©rammattf^c§. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. Inseparable compound verbs are formed by prefixing to 
 simple verbs the particles &C, emj), Cltt, tY, gc, tier, jer, or 
 
 the adjective tooff. Such compounds are all accented on the 
 second syllable, and do not take the prefix ge in the perfect 
 participle (8. 3.) : 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 
 Per/. Part. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 
 Perf. Part. 
 
 fdjlagen, beat ; 
 
 gcffljlttgcn. 
 
 fefcen, set ; 
 
 gefefct. 
 
 befd)lagen, bind about ; 
 
 befd)lagen. 
 
 befefcen, occupy ; 
 
 befefct. 
 
 Clttfd)tagen, get rid of ; 
 
 entfd)lagen. 
 
 tntfefcen, remove ; 
 
 cntfe&t. 
 
 erftytagen, kill ; 
 
 erfd)Iagen. 
 
 Crfe£en, replace ; 
 
 erfe&t. 
 
 DCrfdjlagen, drive away 
 
 tierfd)lagen. 
 
 tierfe^en, displace ; 
 
 nerfe^t. 
 
 gcrfcfylagen, break ; 
 
 gerfdvfogen. 
 
 jerfe£en, decompose ; 
 
 gerfe^t. 
 
 UCf)Cn, draw ; 
 
 0ev>gcn. 
 
 enfcen, end ; 
 
 gcenbet. 
 
 be$te1jen, move to ; 
 
 bejogen. 
 
 bfenben, finish ; 
 
 beenbet. 
 
 eittjtctyen, deprive of ; 
 
 enrgogen. 
 
 Dcrenbcn, die ; 
 
 nerenbet. 
 
 t rgte^en, educate ; 
 
 crjogen. 
 
 BOllenben, accomplish ; 
 
 noKenbet 
 
 Derjteljen, wrest ; 
 
 Ucrjogcn. 
 
 ftnfccn, find ; 
 
 gefunben. 
 
 BOlI$ter;en, perform ; 
 
 UOuVgcn. 
 
 befmben, esteem ; 
 
 befunben. 
 
 fongen, catch ; 
 
 gefangen. 
 
 erftnben, invent ; 
 
 erfunben. 
 
 emjjfctngen, receive ; 
 
 emjjfangen. 
 
 emjlfmben, feel ; 
 
 emjifunben 
 
 fan Q en, reach ; 
 
 gelangt. 
 
 rtnncn, leak ; 
 
 geronncn. 
 
 belangen, attain ; 
 
 belangt. 
 
 cntrtnnen, escape ; 
 
 entronnen. 
 
 Crlangen, acquire ; 
 
 erlangt. 
 
 gcrinnen, curdle ; 
 
 gcronnen. 
 
 gelangen, come to ; 
 
 gclangt. 
 
 t» err inn en, pass away ; 
 
 Bcrronnen. 
 
 tierlangen, demand ; 
 
 ficrlangt. 
 
 gerrinnen, dissolve ; 
 
 jerronnen. 
 
COMPOUND VERBS. SEPARABLE AND INSEPARABLE. 
 
 201 
 
 2. Separable compound verbs are formed by combining 
 accented words with simple verbs ; in a simple tense, in indepen- 
 dent sentences, as also in the imperative, the separable com- 
 ponent is removed from the verb, and placed at the end of the 
 sentence. 
 
 $U (of the infinitive), when expressed, is placed, like ge of the perfect 
 participle, between the separable prefix and the simple verb, thus with these 
 forming one word : 
 
 Pres. Inf. 3c? 
 
 pers. Pres. Ind. 
 
 Pres Inf with JU. 
 
 Per/. Part. 
 
 fdjlOgCtt, heat ; 
 
 fdjlitgt, 
 
 ju fdjfagen, 
 
 gestagen. 
 
 aBfd)(agen, refuse ; 
 
 fd)tdgt aB, 
 
 afcjufdjtagen, 
 
 afcgefd)Iagen, 
 
 Ottfd)lagen, affix ; 
 
 fd)ldgt cm, 
 
 anjttfcfytagen, 
 
 angefd)lagett» 
 
 ttll$fd)tagen, reject ; 
 
 fd)lagt ttttS, 
 
 au$jufd)lagen, 
 
 aitfgej'djtagen. 
 
 fet)ffd)lagen, fail ; 
 
 ftylagt fetjf, 
 
 fet)I$Ufd)lagen, 
 
 fe&lgefd&Iagetu 
 
 logfd)lagen, abate ; 
 
 fd)ldgt Io0, 
 
 loSjufdjlagen, 
 
 Io£gefd)Tagen. 
 
 ftfjttftcn, estimate ; 
 
 mw, 
 
 ju fdjafcen, 
 
 gefajiifct. 
 
 tt6fd>d{?cn, appraise ; 
 
 fd)d£t aB, 
 
 aGjufdjafcett, 
 
 a&gcjtyafct. 
 
 l)0(f)fd)d£en, estimate ; 
 
 fd)dfct tJOOj, 
 
 f)od)jufd)d|3en, 
 
 $od)gefd)d&r. 
 
 tocrt(jfcMt-.en, estimate ; 
 
 fd>a£t toertrj, 
 
 ttertfojttfiMfcen, 
 
 tt)ert&0ef<§.tyt» 
 
 fJiredjCU, speak ; 
 
 flirittjt, 
 
 ju fjireajcn, 
 
 gefjirodjett. 
 
 ttbfpredjen, refuse ; 
 
 fpridjt oB, 
 
 afejufpredjen, 
 
 abgefprod)en. 
 
 ait§fpre*cn, pronounce ; 
 
 fprtdt>t (tug, 
 
 au$$Ufpred)en, 
 
 au3gefprod)en. 
 
 fretfpredjen, set free ; 
 
 fprid)t fret, 
 
 fretjttfpredxn, 
 
 fretgefprod)en. 
 
 grofefprecfyen, boast ; 
 
 fpridjt grofe, 
 
 grcijufpred^en. 
 
 gro&gefproc^en. 
 
 tljlttt, do ; 
 
 tw, 
 
 jtt ttjun, 
 
 gettjan. 
 
 bttrtfmn, prove ; 
 
 tfwt itttr, 
 
 barjutfjun, 
 
   bargeman. 
 
 gettltg'tftun, satisfy ; 
 
 t&ut gettug, 
 
 genugjlttfyun, 
 
 gemtggetfyan. 
 
 grofctftun, swagger ; 
 
 ttjut grofe, 
 
 grt^utfnm, 
 
 grojjgct&an. 
 
 Separable compound verbs are also formed by combining accented words 
 with Inseparables ; verbs thus formed do not take the prefix gC in the per- 
 fect participle : 
 
 3d pers. Pres. Inf. 
 
 Pres. Inf. sing. Pres. with JU. Perf.Part. 
 
 Simple verb, fcttttcn, know ; fcttttt, JU fcttttett, gcfttttttt. 
 
 Inscp. comp. crfennen, recognize ; erfennt, Jtt erfennen, erfannt. 
 
 Sep. comp. anerfenncn, acknowledge ; erfennt tttt, anjUerfennen, tttterfannt. 
 
 3. Simple verbs, compounded with the particles buret), 
 fjtnter, mt§, it&er, um, unter, tmber, toteber, are used some- 
 
202 
 
 LESSON 42. 
 
 times as separable, sometimes as 
 difference of signification : 
 
 (£r fcolte ba3 S3ad) tutebcr. 
 (Er toiefcer^rte, n>a$ id) fagte. 
 (£r fefcte ben SRetfenbcn iibcr. 
 (Er iiberfefc'te feme Slufgabe. 
 
 Whether these verbs are separable or inseparable is determined by their 
 accent, as indicated in the Vocabularies. 
 
 inseparable, generally with a 
 
 He fetched the book again. 
 He repeated what I said. 
 He set the traveller across. 
 He translated his exercise. 
 
 gtuet unto ncmtjtgfte ^ufgak. 
 
 (Idioms.) 
 
 SBoson ift bie 9?ebe ? 
 
 Gr ift roittentf, fie gu befudjen. 
 
 (Sie bat $ed)t ; er b,at Unrest. 
 
 ilbnnen ©te mix »ielletd)t fagen, tote ml 
 
 UljreStjl? 
 (Ste gefyen nad) SSten, ntd)t ? 
 £>od) ntd)t, id) gebe nad) ©atgburg. 
 3d) babe etn SSiertel auf 2)ret (or em 
 
 SStertel nad) &mi), aber e$ ift erjt 
 
 brei SStertel auf 3»et. 
 (Er fam, tt>ie gerufen. 
 ©$ $ <3cblag (or gtonft) pnf. 
 2Bte lange ftnb <Sie fcb,on (10. 2.) in 
 
 Slmertfa ? • 
 Urn §alb Drei mu§ id) gefjen.. 
 SBaS mad)t 31jr greunb ? 
 (Er bauert mid). 
 (E3 bauerte mir gu lange 
 S3itte, mad)en <Ste bie 3#ure gu; e$ 
 
 gteb,t. 
 3$ fca&e nod) geljn Sftinuten bis greet. 
 2)er Dfen fyat feinen 3ug (or gtebj md)t). 
 (Er gog ben ^iirgeren. 
 3d) f;abe e3 auSroenbig gelernt. 
 (ES bat yii$t$ gu fagen (or gu bebeuten). 
 $urg unb gut, id) roerbe bjer bleiben. 
 SBarum rctten ©te nid)t? 
 3d) gefc iteber gu ftufje. 
 
 What is the subject (spoken of) ? 
 
 He is inclined to visit them. 
 
 She is right ; he is wrong. 
 
 Can you (perhaps) tell me what time 
 it is? 
 
 You go to Vienna ; do you not ? 
 
 No, I shall go to Salzburg. 
 
 By mine it is a quarter past two, 
 but it is not more than a quarter 
 of two. 
 
 He was just in time (as if called). 
 
 It is exactly five o'clock. 
 
 How long have you been in Ameri- 
 ca ? 
 
 At half past two I must go. 
 
 How is your friend ? 
 
 I pity him. 
 
 It was too long for me (to wait). 
 
 Please shut the door; there is a 
 draught here. 
 
 I lack ten minutes of two. 
 
 The stove does not draw. 
 
 He got the worst of it. 
 
 I learned it by heart. 
 
 It is of no importance. 
 
 Well and good, I shall remain here. 
 
 Why do you not ride (on horseback)? 
 
 I prefer to walk (on foot). 
 
REFLEXIVE VERBS. 
 
 203 
 
 9M)men <Sie c$ ntdjt tiki. 
 Dlefe £amen IjaBen ftrauer. 
 3d) war gerabe im 93egriffc, ttjm ju fdjret* 
 kn, a(3 er mid) kfudjte. 
 
 Do not take offence at it. 
 These ladies are in mourning. 
 I was just going to write him when 
 he visited me. 
 
 8c!tfmt 43. 
 
 Lesson 43. 
 
 REFLEXIVE VERBS. 
 
 Beflexive Verbs requiring the 
 
 fid) fcbanfen, thank. 
 
 ftd) feefleipen, } ■, , 14 . 
 nALM -ci £ apply one s self 
 
 ftd)befletptgen,) 
 
 fid) kgeben, betake. 
 
 fid) kgnitgen, be contented. 
 
 ftd) fce&elfen, get along. 
 
 fid) bemddjtigen, take possession. 
 
 fid) kfinnen, bethink one's self. 
 
 fid) entailment, abstain. 
 
 fid) entMoben, divest of shame. 
 
 ftd) entfd)lctgen, forbear. 
 
 ftd) entfdjliefien, resolve. 
 
 fid) entftnnen, remember. 
 
 fid) crfcarmen, pity. 
 
 fid) ereifent, become angry. 
 
 fid) erfredjen, presume. 
 
 ftd> ergeben, surrender. 
 
 fid) erijoten, recover. 
 
 ftd) erfalten, take cold. 
 
 Reflexive Pronoun in the Accusative. 
 
 to. 
 
 fid) erfitbnen, dare. 
 
 fid) erfunbigen, inquire. 
 
 ftd) erttebjen, keep off. 
 
 fid) fretten, be glad. 
 
 fid) gefyaben, fare. 
 
 fid) (dative or accusative) getrcwett, dare, 
 
 venture. 
 ftd) getroflen, be assured. 
 fid) grdmen, grieve, 
 ftd) fd)dmen, be ashamed. 
 fid) fefynen, long, 
 ftd) unterfangen, undertake, 
 fid) unterttrinbett, undertake. 
 fid) tterirren, lose the way. 
 ftd) »erred)nen, be mistaken, 
 fid) tterfpaten, come too late, 
 ftd) toeigern, refuse, 
 fid) ttuberfet'gen, resist, 
 ftd) rounbern, wonder, be astonished. 
 
 Setfjiiele. 
 
 Tcr lapfere ergibt ftd) nid)t. 
 
 C£r fd>amte ftd) groar feined $el)(er$, roei* 
 
 gcrte fid) aber, itjn etngugefteben. 
 3d) fcbne mid) nad) ©infamfcit. 
 (Sr wetp fid) in tie Umflanbe ju fd)icfem 
 3d) erbat mir feine £itlfc. 
 2)er <3d)liiffel $at fid) gefunbtn. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The brave man does not surrender. 
 He was, it is true, ashamed of his 
 
 fault, but refused to confess it. 
 I long for solitude, [circumstances. 
 He knows how to adapt himself to 
 1 begged (for myself) his aid. 
 The key is (has itself) found. 
 
204 
 
 LESSON 43. 
 
 2Ber nriberfefct ftd) bent SBefc^I bed 
 
 Stogtd ? — <3d)iller. 
 2Bad ft* ber ZeU gerraut, bad fonntet 
 3§r ntc^t rcagcn ? — <3d>ilter. 
 
 Who resists the commandment of 
 
 the governor ? 
 What Tell ventures could you not 
 
 risk? 
 
 SBortertJcrjeidjmjj. 
 
 $cr Sutfentyalt, -cd, abode. 
 
 Der Sabegaft, -ed, pi. -gdfle, guest at 
 a watering-place (©aft, guest). 
 
 Der SBabeort, -ed, pi. -e, watering- 
 place. 
 
 Der £erafc'fturj, -ed, descent. . 
 
 Der Sannenroatb, -ed, pi. -walber, pine- 
 forest. 
 
 $te 23elofinung, - pi. -en, reward. 
 
 Die gtnfamfeit, -, solitude. 
 
 Die (Srwartung, -, pi. -en, expectation. 
 
 Die fta&tgfett, -, pi. -en, ability. 
 
 Die £auptjtabt, -, pi. -jtabte, capital. 
 
 Die 2eibenfd)aft, -, pi. -en, passion. 
 
 Die Sami'ne, -, pi. -n, avalanche. 
 
 Die ©djtteij, -, Switzerland. 
 
 Die S^rannet', -, tyranny. 
 
 Die Skrjerrung, -, pi. -en, grimace. 
 
 2>ttg ©eftd)t, -ed, pi. -er, face (®id)t, 
 sight). 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Dad (Seebab, -ed, pi. -baber, sea-bath. 
 
 Dad &reifcen, -d, driving, bustle. 
 
 Dafetbft', there. 
 
 D iiftcr, gloomy (dusky). 
 
 (Eintreffen, arrive, meet. 
 
 Sntfpred)en, answer, correspond. 
 
 ©eraufd)»oIt, noisy (raufd)en, rush). 
 
 9lecfen, tease. 
 
 ©d)lcd)t, bad (slight, f d) = s ; e = i). 
 
 Sid) abgefcen, have intercourse. 
 
 <3td) eilen, hasten. 
 
 ©id) einbtlben, imagine, pride one's 
 
 self. 
 Sid) funbgefcen, make known. 
 <Sid) verlaffen auf, depend on. 
 (Bid) juriicf giefyen, retire, withdraw. 
 Sid) jutragen, happen. 
 <3o giemltd), tolerably, pretty well. 
 Ungliidlid), unlucky, unhappy. 
 Un^eimltd), dismal. 
 
 $rei unb ncunjtgfte $ufga&e. 
 
 1. SBerben ©ic ftd) btefen (Sommer nad) etnem 33abeorte bege* 
 Ben ? 2. 2£ir ftnb beffen (29. 4.) nod) nidjt geroig. 3. SSorigeit 
 (Sommer begaben nur unS nad) £ra»emitnbe, urn trie (Seebaber 
 bafelbft ^u nefymen. 4. SBtr fatten un$ auS tern geraufd)9otten 
 £eben unb Sretben ber &anptftabt fur einige donate gurudjicijen 
 tnoflen. 5. (Sntfprad) ber 2UtfcnU)alt in £r<mmitnbe 3t)ren &** 
 tr-avtungen ? 6. ©o giemlid) ; ttrir fefynten un3 nad) ^tufye unb 
 (Sinfamfeit unb gaben unS fetjr toentg mtt ben anberen 23abegaften 
 ah. 7. Sin furd)tbared Unglitd trug fid) t>or etntgen Sagen in ber 
 ©djmetg burd) ben ^erabfturg etner taurine fa. 8, 2Btr mugten 
 
REFLEXIVE VERBS. 205 
 
 tuts auf nnfer ®lii<f sertajfen. 9* (£r Mlbet ftd) feljr ^tel auf feme 
 ^enntnijje em. 10. SBenn itjr end) eilt, fount il)r nod) $u reenter 
 3eit etntreffen. 11. Die 2Ilten geben ftd) gewofynlid) gent ntit 
 «ftmbern ah, 12. SStr nnmberten tins itber feme gabtgfeiten. 
 
 13. 3)te Sprannet begniigt ftd) nid)t, ifyr 3Cer! rntr ^alb gu U)nn. 
 
 14. (Srbarmet end) ber UnglitcHicben. 15. Wtan nmjj fid) and) mit 
 SBentgem git bet)elfcn wiffen. 16. @t fd)(imt fid) feines fd)led)ten 
 23etragen3. 17. 2Bir serirrten un3 mafyrenb eineS (SpagirgangeS 
 in einen bitfteren, unl)eunlid)en lannemmtlb. 18. (Es gtbt Setben* 
 fd)aften nnt) <$rabe son £eibenfd)aften, bte fid) im ©eftd)t bttrd) bte 
 fya£lid)ften 2>ergerrnngen hmbgeben. 19. 2Ba3 fid) (25. 9.) liebr, 
 ba$ nedt ftd). ©priicfymort. 20. £)a id) fe()e, bafj bn bir ttiele 
 SJZiilje gegeben (2.) fyaft, magft bn bir erne 23elol)mmg tvMttm (2.)» 
 
 Exercise 94. 
 
 1. He who (28. 4.) will make himself independent must get 
 along with little. 2. The enemy exerted himself a long time to 
 take possession of the town, but was finally compelled to retire. 
 3. I cannot bethink myself of any fitting word. 4. The em- 
 peror and the army surrendered. 5. He has taken a cold and ' 
 is recovering but slowly. 6. The merchant grieves over his 
 loss and is ashamed of his improvidence. 7. He refuses to 
 undertake anything of this kind, and says he longs for repose. 
 8. He is surprised that we opposed his foolish plan. 9. I dare 
 not go into so deep water. 10. We came too late, because we 
 had lost the way. 11. Of course you will visit us as soon as 
 possible. 12. Those soldiers do not behave themselves well. 
 13. Really good men flatter themselves sometimes. 14. The 
 earth turns (5.) on its axis. 15. Even the enemies of a good 
 man esteem hirn. 16. Those children strike each other. 17. 
 Those men do not understand each other. 18. You are not 
 your own friend, for you flatter yourself. 19. Those men hate 
 each other. 20. We went (betook ourselves) to Travemiinde, 
 a pleasant watering-place near Liibeck. 
 
206 
 
 LESSON 43. 
 
 ©rammattfdjcs. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. There are many more verbs in German than in English 
 which are used only reflexively : 
 
 <3te bccjeben ftd) nad) bcr tfiitfe. 
 
 (Er bemadjttijte fid) bed ganjen 2an= 
 
 bed. 
 3d) ertmtere mid) bed Sfudbrucfd, beffen 
 
 bu bid) bebtentejh 
 
 They betake themselves to the coast. 
 
 He took possession of the whole 
 country. 
 
 I remember (remind myself of) the 
 expression that you used (of 
 which you availed yourself). 
 
 2. Of the verbs which require the reflexive pronoun in the 
 dative, the following are the most common : 
 
 fid) cutbtlben, imagine. 
 
 ftd) cmmafjen, usurp. 
 
 ftd) audbebtngen, condition. 
 
 ftd) audbttten, beg. 
 
 fid) evbtttert, get by entreaty, 
 fid) 2flub,e geben, take pains. 
 
 3. Some transitive verbs, when used reflexively, take a 
 signification different from their original one : 
 
 Slbgeben, deliver ; 
 Sebenfen, consider ; 
 (£ntfe£en, displace ; 
 (Sd)tcfen, send ; 
 SSerlaffen, leave ; 
 3utragen, carry, bring 
 
 fid) abgcben, have intercourse. 
 
 fid) bebcnfen, hesitate. 
 
 ftd) entfefcen, shudder. 
 
 ftd) fd)tcfen, be fit. 
 
 ftd) fcetlaffen, rely, depend on. 
 
 ftd) gutragen, happen. 
 
 4. Many of the verbs are used intransitively and reflexively in 
 the same meaning : 
 
 etlen or ftd) etlett, hasten, 
 serfteiten or ftd) serweilert, stay. 
 pd)tett or ftd) fiiid)ten, flee. 
 
 fd)tetdjen or ftd) fdjletdjen, slink, 
 nafyen or ftd) nafyett, approach. 
 &c. &c. 
 
 5. Transitive verbs are often used reflexively with intransi- 
 tive or passive meaning : 
 
 £cr £tmmel bebecft ftd) mtt bunfeln, The sky is covered with dark, 
 
 brobenben SBotfen. threatening clouds. 
 
 25 ie (Erbe bre&t ftd). The earth revolves (turns itself). 
 
REFLEXIVE VERBS. 
 
 20: 
 
 6. Idioms. 
 
 <Sie Iie§en fid) burd) 9?id)t3 afcljalten. 
 Safien @tc fid) ba£ nid)t befrembcn. 
 gaffen @ic fief) ba$ nid)t anfedjten. 
 2a§t eud) bie Soften nid)t bauem. 
 IDagegeti ta§t fid) 9?id)t3 einmenben. 
 @tc laffen fid) fel)r felten fefyen. 
 3d) liep mid) bet tf)m anmclben. 
 (£1 bat fid) anS bem Staube gemad)t. 
 (£r ljat fid) urn ba$ SSaterlanb serbient 
 
 gemad)t. 
 £aben @ie fid) mit if)tn aogefun-- 
 
 ben ? 
 gr l)at fid) eineS STnbern (anberS) befonnen. 
 $8a$ mid) betrifft, fo befitmmere id) mid) 
 
 9?id)t3 barum. 
 3d) mitt mid) nid)t barein mifd)en. 
 Sin 3eber ftretfe ftd) nad) feiner 
 
 £ecfe. 
 23cfummere bid) urn bid), 
 gtnben ©ie fid) [a jur red)ten Beit ein. 
 9J?ad)en <3ie fid) feine ©orgen. 
 (Smpfcblen 3ie mid) 3(>rem #errn SBater 
 
 unb 3f)rer $raulein (Sdjwefter. 
 3d) empfel)le mid) 3f)nen. 
 Seben <Sie roof)l. 
 (£3 fragt fid), ob cr rcirflidj fran! tjt, ober 
 
 ob er fid) nur fo ftellt. 
 3d) gebe mid) 9Jid)t3 mcf)r mit ibm ab. 
 (£3 lobnt fid) nid)t bcr Sflitlje. 
 @eben <Sie fid) feine 9Wiil)e. 
 £iite bid) »or bem erflen gefyltritt. 
 3d) fomme mir »or, true ein Settler. 
 £ie £)icfe ttefed SalfenS serbalt fid) ju 
 
 feiner gangc mie 2 gu 33. 
 eid) aufS f)Df)e 9)fcrb fet^en. 
 <Std) in ©djranfen fyalten. 
 SBatf fid) far ben (£inen fd)icft, fd)i(ft fid) 
 
 nid)t fiir ben Slnbcrn. 
 (S3 t)anbelt ftd) nid)t urn tfteitttgfdfctt. 
 (Sr legtc fid) fiir fie in 1 3 9flittet. 
 
 Nothing could deter them. 
 
 Do not be surprised at that. 
 
 Do not be disturbed by that. 
 
 Do not grudge the cost. 
 
 There can be no objection to that. 
 
 You come very rarely. 
 
 I had myself announced to him. 
 
 He has run away. 
 
 He has merited the gratitude of his 
 
 country. 
 Did you come to an agreement with 
 
 him? 
 He has changed his mind. 
 For my part (as far as I am con- 
 cerned) I do not care for it. 
 I will have nothing to do with it. 
 Let every one adapt himself to his 
 
 circumstances. 
 Mind your own business. 
 Do be there at the right time. 
 Give yourself no uneasiness. 
 Remember me to your father and to 
 
 your sister. 
 Good by. 
 Farewell. 
 It is questionable whether he is really 
 
 sick or only feinging sickness. 
 I no longer associate with him. . 
 It is not worth (the) while. 
 Do not trouble yourself. 
 Beware of the first lapse. 
 I appear to myself like a beggar. 
 The thickness of this beam is to its 
 
 length as 2 to 33. 
 To take on haughty airs. 
 To keep within bounds. 
 What is becoming to one is not 
 
 becoming to another. 
 It is not a question of trifles. 
 He interposed in their behalf. 
 
208 
 
 LESSON 44. 
 
 Mtion 44. 
 
 Lesson 44. 
 
 IMPERSONAL VERBS. 
 
 Seifjriele. 
 
 (£3 foil an mix nidrt fefylen. 
 
 (£3 i\i mtr gmjr bamit. 
 
 S3 gtbt cine 2lrt son Sftcnfdien, tie man 
 vide 3al)re Iang beooaditen fann, otjne 
 mit fid) cinig $u merben, oh man fie in 
 bie Piaffe ber fcfyttadjcn ober ber fcbfen 
 Scute feften foil. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 There shall be no lack on my part. 
 
 I am in earnest about it. 
 
 There is a kind of men whom we 
 may observe for many years with- 
 out being able to come to a con- 
 clusion as to whether to place them 
 in the class of weak or of wicked 
 people. 
 
 SSortcrberjeidjmfe. 
 
 $er SfaWitf, -3, look, sight. 
 
 Der Srnfr, -e3, seriousness, earnest. 
 
 Der Bunfen, -3, pi. -, spark. 
 
 Der 3ammer, -3, misery. 
 
 Der 9Nutfj, -e3, courage (mood. t = d). 
 
 Der 9?eib, -e$, envy. 
 
 Der Drt, -e3, pi. Derter, place. 
 
 $tC 9lnmerfung, -, pi. -en, remark. 
 
 Tic jnfel, -, pi. -n, island. 
 
 Die <3d)lano,e, -, pi. -n, snake. 
 
 Die 28elt, -, pi. -en, world. 
 
 $d8 ftrofobit, -3, pi. -e, crocodile. 
 
 9tuff)bren, cease. 
 
 SluSfiifyren, finish, carry out. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Durflen, thirst, b = th ; u = i. 
 ^ajr, almost, fast, near to. 
 gricren, to freeze, ie = ee ; r = z. 
 ©iftig, venomous. 
 £uno.ern, to hunger. 
 33lanb, -3, Iceland. 
 2eib tfjun, to be sorry. 
 Sarbt'nten, -<3, Sardinia. 
 Sd)mer$en, grieve, smart, fd) =s s. 
 <3id) ent^wei'en, quarrel {jpoi, two). 
 &i<$) creio/nen, happen, occur. 
 ©prengen, gallop, 
 ttekqcu'gen, convince. 
 25olIftdnbig, entirely. 
 
 giittf unb neunjtgftc ^CufgaBe. 
 
 1. £3 eretpet fic^ (1.) fetten, ba§ gute, oerfKinbtge £ente fldj 
 entjtoeten. 2. 2fof ber 3nfei Walta gifct (13. 12.) e3 feine 
 8d)(angen ; in ©arbtnten $tbt e3 fetne SDb'Ife ; in £eutfd)lanb 
 iitbt es feine jtrofobile ; onf 3^1anb giW eS nic^t^ ©tftiges ; aber 
 in ber i]an3en 2£elt ift fetn Drt, two e3 feinen 9Jeib $tbt. 3. (£3 
 fdjlaft fid) gut an bem SSajJerfafJe. 4. S3 oerftefyt fidj oon felbft, 
 bag ityr greunb fieute nicfyt fommen twirb ; bie SBege ftnb %u fdjled)t 
 
IMPERSONAL VERBS. 209 
 
 5. (Er fprengte, bag eg gnnfen froS. 6. Wild) fcfymergt ber 2lnMicf 
 beg 3ammerg. 7. @^ t^ut bent ^trtakn fetyt Icib, bag er fo tiaaV 
 lajftg gemefen ift. 8, 9QM) frtcrt (2.) unb fyungert. 9. Unb mid) 
 bitrftet. 10. $in Wann, bcm eg an SOiutl) fefylr, ift me ein guter 
 Solbat. II, .ftommt 3()r 23ruber fyeure an? 12. 3d) rceig eg 
 nid)t beftimmt; eg miirbe mid) fefyr freuen. 13. (Eg ift ifym enblid) 
 gelungen, feinen greunb gu ubergeugen. 14. (Eg rcgnet fd)on feit 
 groei (Stnnben unb fcfyetnt tmmer nod) nid)t auffyoren gu tcoflen. 
 15. (Eg fcfyneit unb friert im SBinter, nnb regnet unb fyagelt im 
 ©ommer. 16, 2lnmerfungen, bie man tuafyrenb beg ©tubireng 
 mad)t, fe()lt (2.) nodj »iel gu einem 25ud)e. 17. 3ft eg 3t)nen 
 (Ernft mit biefem pane? 18. 3d) mocfyre fa (I fagen, eg mar mir 
 (Ernft bamit ; benn er tjt fd)on faft ooflftanbig auggefiifyrt 
 
 Exercise 96. 
 
 1. It would be difficult to determine whether the prudence 
 of the leader or the blindness of the enemy most excites our 
 astonishment. 2. It may be as you say. 3. I would be very 
 glad (1.) to accompany you home, but I fear it will rain. 4. Do 
 you not see how it lightens and hear how it thunders? 5. Yes, 
 I think it will rain very soon. 6. It is questionable whether 
 our friends will be able to come as they have promised. 7. The 
 peasants have finally succeeded in selling their horses. 8. It is 
 questionable whether he can do that. 9. They say they are 
 very sorry that they did not succeed in convincing us that 
 we were wrong. 10. What is the matter; why are all those 
 people running into the house] 11. I do not know; something 
 must have happened. 12. I am very sorry not to have visited 
 you, but it was so cold while you were in the city that I could 
 not go out. 13. It sometimes happens that lazy people are 
 very rich, but never that they are wise, learned, useful, or 
 happy. 14. This man is not hungry, but he is very cold. 15. 
 I have a horror (1.) of that man. 16. There are meteoric 
 stones which have a weight of some hundreds of pounds. 
 17. There is a lack of those things which we most need. 
 13 
 
210 LESSON 44. 
 
 ©rammattfojcS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. Besides the words denoting natural phenomena, as e§ bfltts 
 ttCft, it thunders, &c. (alike impersonal in both languages), there 
 are many verbs in German, impersonally used, which answer to 
 the neuter or passive in English : 
 
 Si bat jlarf geregnet. It has rained hard. 
 
 Si nadjtet fdjon. It is already growing dark (night). 
 
 S i grauet mir »or ifim (bawr). I have a horror of him (of it). 
 
 Si gelujtet iljn nad) 5lttem f tt)ai er ftebt. He covets everything that he sees. 
 
 Si freut mid). I am glad (lit. it rejoices me). 
 
 Si hunger* unb biirftet uni. We are hungry and thirsty. 
 
 Si »erfiel)t fid) son felfl (tjl felbjfoer* It is a matter of course (is self- 
 
 fianbltd)). evident). 
 
 Si gdang tfjm, ei gu tbun. He succeeded in doing it. 
 
 (£3 tf)M uni Sttten fefjr letb. We are all very sorry. 
 
 Si fd>rotnbett t^ncn. They feel dizzy. 
 
 Si bat tbm geftnp getraumt. He has certainly heen dreaming. 
 
 Urn tteldje 3^tt tagt ei ? What time does it dawn (grow light) ? 
 
 2. An Impersonal verb is sometimes preceded by an object ; 
 the pronoun c3 being omitted : 
 
 2J?td) Ijungert. I am hungry. 
 
 Uni biirftct. We are thirsty. 
 
 Wix fdjttrinbett. I feel dizzy. 
 
 Sfjnen fjat getraumt. You have dreamed. 
 
 3. £ lilt fcit, impersonally used, takes either the dative or 
 accusative: 
 
 $fli<$) biinft, fte Batten 9ted)t. Methinks they were right. 
 
 2)ai biinft mtr bod) gu grajjltd). That really seems to me too horrible. 
 
 4. JJeljIett, gefiredjett, and mattgeltt are often used imper- 
 sonally construed with the dative of a person, and usually fol- 
 lowed by ail with the dative of a thing : 
 
 Si fer^Ct tt)m ntdjt an gutem SBtffen. He was not lacking in good will. 
 
 2)em ®(utflid)en fann ei an 9itd)ti ge- The happy man can be in want of 
 
 bredjen. nothing. 
 
 Sin Sebenimttteln mangelt ei ifinen. There is a lack of provisions with 
 
 them. 
 
FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE. 
 
 211 
 
 5. Verbs, intransitive as well as transitive, are often used 
 impersonally and reflexively to denote an action or a state in- 
 dependently of any particular subject : 
 
 (£3 fragt fid), ob £emrid) feme £rfpar= 
 
 tiiffe auf bie SSanf tragen tmrb. 
 Seb^aft traumt ftd) 1 3 imter btefem S3aum. 
 (£3 fai)rt fid) gut auf biefem SBagen. 
 S3 gebitijrt fid) nid)t, ba$ ju ttum. 
 (S3 gel)6rt fid), unfere (Eltern $u lieben 
 
 unb m e&ren. 
 (£<3 tragt ftcf> nid)t felten ju, ba§ unter 
 
 einem unfcfyeinbaren Meibe bie fd)bn* 
 
 fteu Xalente serborgen fmb. 
 
 It is questionable whether Henry 
 will put his savings in the bank. 
 
 One dreams briskly under this tree. 
 
 This is an easy carriage to ride in. 
 
 It is not proper to do that. 
 
 It is our duty (it behooves us) to 
 love and honor our parents. 
 
 It not unfrequently happens that 
 under an unsightly garb the most 
 brilliant talents are concealed. 
 
 6. ©cfjctt, impersonally used with the dative, often answers 
 to the verb to be, either with the nominative or with the objective 
 governed by with : 
 
 2Bie geljt 1 3 31)nen ? or How are you ? or 
 
 2Bie geljt 1 $ ? How is it with you ? 
 
 _ ' - -.'■■ "*,* _ ' c It is iust the same with me. 
 
 ©3 gcljt mir ebenfo. < T   . ^ 
 
 ( I am just the same. 
 
 Scftton 45. 
 
 Lesson 45. 
 
 FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE. PARADIGMS OF THE NEW 
 AND OLD FORMS OF CONJUGATION. 
 
 JBeiftiiele. 
 
 2)en $etd)tljum unb bte ©eftmb^eit ge* 
 
 nie§t man oft am meiften, roenn fie 
 
 untcrbrocfycn roorbcn (finb). 
 2>er ©eniuS mirb nur uom ®eniu3 ge= 
 
 fapt, bie eble Sftatur nur »on if)vc3 
 
 ®(etd)en. 
 DaS QJliiff ber ®efeflfd)aft nrirb ebenfo 
 
 febr burd) £f)orb>it, al3 burd) iBcr^ 
 
 bred)en unb Rafter geftort. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 "Wealth and health are often most 
 enjoyed when they have been in- 
 terrupted. 
 
 Genius is comprehended only by 
 genius, a noble nature only by 
 its peer. 
 
 The happiness of society is inter- 
 rupted quite as much by folly as 
 by crimes and vices. 
 
212 
 
 LESSON 45. 
 
 SBbrtetucrjcidjtttfe. 
 
 $er 5Mfen, -*, pi. - beam, balk. 
 
 Der Sctta'sner, -3, pi. - Batavian. 
 
 2)cr ©emfenjager, -«, p l. -, chamois- 
 hunter. 
 
 SDcr ©roll, -4, grudge (groflen, growl). 
 
 Dcr ^elbenmutfj, -3, heroism. 
 
 £>cr 9?ujjcn, -«, profit, interest. 
 
 Tcr fitter, -S # pl. -, knight. 
 
 2>er <3ad)fe, -n, pl. -n, Saxon. 
 
 T>ex ©ieg, -e$, pl. -e, victory. 
 
 £er 2Bof)W;atcr, -*, pl. - benefactor. 
 
 Sit £ccfe, -, pl. -n, ceiling. 
 
 £te ©iite, -, kindness, goodness. 
 
 2>ie 9fiadjt, -, pl. 9flad)te, power, 
 might. 
 
 £)te Jftadje, -, vengeance. [er). 
 
 Die Sd)lad)t, - pl. -en, battle (slaught- 
 
 2>ie 3d)iilfrigfeit, - duty. 
 
 £>tc Unmad)t, - powerlessness. 
 
 $00 £eer, — e<3, pl. -e, army. 
 
 Slngrenjen, confine, adjoin. 
 
 23enad)rid)tigen, notify. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 33cjled)en, bribe. 
 33e»or', before. » = f . 
 (Erflct'tern, climb. 
 Srmor'ben, murder, assassinate, 
 ©rrin'gen, gain (by effort). 
 Sttyn, audacious (keen, ii = ee). 
 SJMben, announce. 
 fWtjj&tl'Itgen, disapprove. 
 SRitJbrau'd&en, abuse, misuse. 
 3H5$lt$, suddenly. 
 SJreifcn, to praise, et = ai. 
 (5d)mieben, chain ((5d)mieb, smith). 
 <3tiij3cn, support, sustain. 
 Uebergefyen, pass over, desert. 
 Uebermcm'nen, overmatch. 
 Uc&ermutytg, supercilious. 
 Uekrheffen, surpass, excell. 
 Untcrjliit'gcn, support. 
 2krad)ten, scorn, contemn. 
 2kr(mnben, unite, ally. 
 33erf)eeren, devastate. 
 2Mig, entire, complete, full. 
 
 SicBcn unb ncunjtgftc tofpfie. 
 
 1« Die fteilften $elfen toerben (1.) son ben ©emfenjdgent erflet* 
 terh 2. Gr melbet, bag bie gan^e (Stabt ^erftort tr-orben (2.) feu 
 3. $romethen3 war son 3«piter an einen geifen gefefymiebet ttor* 
 ben. 4. Der fleigige (Sdjiiter wtrb immer gelobt n?erben> 5. Der 
 gelbljerr melbete, ber ©teg fei errungen. 6. 3n ber (5d)(ad)t bci 
 Seipjig am 18. October 1813, in ber bie frangoftfd)e 9Jkd)t fcollig 
 iibermannt ttmrbe, gingen bie ©acfofen ploj3lidj 3U ben serbitnbeten 
 fceurfefyen .Ipeeren iiber. 7. 2ttte Decfen mitffen mtt nenen 33alfen 
 geftii^t rcerben. 8. (£5 ift fefyr gn mifjbifltgen, tr-enn bie (Mte eineS 
 SBobltfyaterS migbrand)t nnrb. 9. 2Bir nmrben ^eracBtet merben, 
 »enn nur ntdjt nnfere ©rbntbigfett tfyaren. 10. ©roll unb 3^ad)e 
 rcerbe sergeffen. 11. 2lHe Golfer nm ben 3^£>etrt murben an 
 £elbenmntt) son ben 33ata»icrn itberrroffen. 12. Die angrengenben 
 
FORMATION OP THE PASSIVE VOICE. 213 
 
 Canber Herbert tton fitfytten unb ubermiitfytgen bittern tterfyeert. 
 13. gerra'ra n>arfc> uon meinem 35ater tttel geprtefen. 14. 9hir 
 *om 5^u^en nnrb bte 2Belt regiert 15* (Sr nnrb ermorbet tuorbeu 
 fein, Besor nnr i§n $on ber ©efafyr werben Benad)rid)tigett fonnen. 
 16. £)er (Mrtner fyat feeftodjen Herbert foUen. 
 
 Exercise 98. 
 
 1. Do you know why you have been (1. and 2.) blamed by 
 yonr friends 1 2. I was blamed by them, because the letter 
 that has been promised by me had not been written before 
 they arrived here. 3. I hope the enemy will be defeated and 
 driven out of the country. 4. My letter will have been read 
 before yonrs will have been written. 5. We are not often 
 hated by those who are loved by us. 6. The bad will be 
 punished and the good will be rewarded. 7. Good men are 
 often blamed while they live and praised after they are dead. 
 7. The trunk of the young traveller has been found by one of 
 his servants. 9. These beautiful baskets are said (37. 10.) to 
 have been made by the blind man to whom the flute was sent 
 yesterday. 10. Those indolent boys deserve to be punished. 
 11. There has been more done to-day than yesterday. 12. We 
 are often deceived by those who praise us, for we are often 
 praised by flatterers. 13. This hunter says he has been bitten 
 by a bear that had been shot by one of his friends. 14. The 
 favorable moment is seized by the prudent. 15. It is said that 
 the poor man has been dragged away. 16. The house was built 
 by a very skilful man. 17. This people believe that they have 
 been deceived by us. 
 
 ©rammatifdjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Passive voice is formed by connecting the auxiliary 
 ftcrbctt with the perfect participle of the main verb : 
 
 £>a3 $ferb toirb 6efd)tagen. The horse is being shod (or is shoeing). 
 
 2)a3 spferb tturb befd)lagen roerben. The horse will be shod. 
 
214 LESSON 45. 
 
 2. SBerbett, when used as auxiliary, rejects the augment gc 
 of the perfect participle : 
 
 Dad $ferb ift me befcfylagen worben. The horse has never been shod. 
 
 3. Passive verbs are often used impersonally to denote an 
 action or event in progress : 
 
 (£3 n>irb gefungen. There is singing (going on). 
 
 ©3 tourbe M3 fpat in bte 9tad)t ge= The fighting continued (it was 
 
 fod)ten. fought) till late in the night. 
 
 (£$ nutrbe tfym von alien (Seiten ju Imlfe From all sides it was run to his 
 
 geetlt. assistance. — Milton. 
 
 £>ort tturbe afle £age getanjt unb a.e= There were dancing and playing 
 
 fptelt. there every day. 
 
 2)ie ©cfyonljett tt>trb nut 2Bunber ange= Beauty is beheld with admiration, 
 
 bltcft, boc^ nnr ©efailigfeir entjiicft. but only kindness enchants. 
 
 2£icbcrfjDfunfl. Recapitulation. 
 
 Neun und neunzigste Aufgabe. 
 
 1. Die Verben der alten oder starken Conjugation werden von 
 verschiedenen Grammatikern verschieden eingetheilt von drei bis zu 
 acht Klassen ; auch ihre Zahl wird verschieden angegeben von 170 
 bis zu 176. 2. In Grammatiken, deren man sich beim Unterricht der 
 deutschen Sprache in Deutschland bedient, finden wir sie meistens in 
 seclis Klassen eingetheilt. 3. Die Verben der ersten Klasse haben 
 im Infinitiv, Imperfekt und zweiten Partizip einen verschiedenen 
 Stammvokal, ausgenommen kommen. 4. Dieses behalt im zweiten 
 Partizip den Stammvokal des Inlinitivs bei. 5. Im zweiten Partizip 
 der Verben der zweiten, dritten und vierten Klasse ist der Stamm- 
 vokal derselbe, wie im Infinitiv, mit Ausnahme der Verben bitten, 
 sitzen, und liegen. 6. Diese haben, wie die Verben der ersten 
 Klasse, einen verschiedenen Stammvokal im Infinitiv, Imperfekt und 
 zweiten Partizip. 7.. Die Verben der funften und sechsten Klasse 
 haben im Partizip des Perfekts denselben Stammvokal, wie im Im- 
 perfekt. 8. Heissen bildet die einzige Ausnahme von dieser Kegel. 
 
 9. Es behalt den Stammvokal des Infinitivs im zweiten Partizip bei. 
 
 10. Eingehendere Bemerkungen uber die Verben der alten Conjuga- 
 tion siehe in Lektion 30-35. 11. Die Verben brennen, kennen, 
 nennen, rennen, senden und wenden haben die characteristischen 
 
RECAPITULATION. 215 
 
 Eigenthiimlichkeiten beider Conjugationen. 12. Der Stammvokal e 
 des Infinitivs verwandelt sich im Imperfekt und zweiten Partizip in a. 
 13. Bringen und denken haben im Imperfekt die Formen brachte, 
 dachte, und im zweiten Partizip gebracht, gedacht. 14. Durfen, 
 konnen, mogen, miissen, sollen, wollen, und wissen bilden den 
 Singular des Prasens, wie Verben der alten Conjugation das Imper- 
 fekt. 15. Im Imperfekt und zweiten Partizip fblgen sie der neuen 
 Conjugationsform. 16. Jedoch verwandelt sich der Stammvokal des 
 Infinitivs, wenn 6 in o, und wenn ii oder i in u. 17. Die Formen 
 des Imperfekts und zweiten Partizips von gehen und stehen sind : 
 ging, gegangen ; stand, gestanden. 18. Thun stosst im Prasens 
 Indikativ, im Imperativ und im Prasens Infinitiv das e der Endung, 
 wenn es einem Endkonsonanten vorangeht, aus. 19. Das Imperfekt 
 von thun hat die Form that, das zweite Partizip gethan. 20. Das 
 Hiilfszeitwort zur Bildung zusammengesetzter Zeiten von begegnen, 
 bleiben, folgen, weichen, sein und alien intransitiven Verben, 
 welche eine Bewegung oder Veranderung des Zustandes ausdriicken, 
 ist sein (Ausnahmen siehe 37. 2.). 21. Die Hiilfszeitworter des 
 Modus oder der Weise sind : durfen, konnen, mogen, miissen, 
 sollen, wollen und lassen. 22. Die Regeln uber ihren Gebrauch 
 siehe in Lektion 37. 23. Das Prasens des Conjunktivs clriickt oft, 
 wie das Prasens des Subjunktivs im Englischen, einen Wunsch, eine 
 Absicht oder einen Befehl aus. 24. Das Prasens, Perfekt und die 
 beiden Futura des Conjunktivs werden in der sogenannten indirekten 
 Rede angewandt, und entsprechen dann dem Indikativ im Englischen. 
 25. Das Prasens des Conjunktivs aller Verben wird dadurch gebildet, 
 dass man an den Stamm des Verbs in der ersten und dritten Person 
 der Einzahl e, in der zweiten est, in der ersten und dritten Person 
 der Mehrzahl en, in der zweiten et anhangt. 26. Die Verben der 
 alten Conjugation, sowie die unregelmassigen Verben gehen, stehen 
 und thun bilden das Imperfekt des Conjunktivs dadurch, dass sie in 
 dor ersten und dritten Person der Einzahl e an die Form des Indika- 
 tivs anhangen und, wenn umlautsfahig, den Umlaut annehmen. 27. 
 Das Imperfekt des Conjunktivs der unregelmassigen Verben bren- 
 nen, kennen, nennen, rennen, senden und wenden wird gebildet 
 wie das Imperfekt des Indikativs der neuen Conjugation. 28. Brin- 
 gen, denken, durfen, konnen, mogen, miissen und wissen bilden 
 den Conjunktiv des Imperfekts vom Indikativ dadurch, dass sie den 
 Umlaut annehmen. 
 
21(5 
 
 PARADIGM OF A VERB OF 
 
 ACTIVE VOICE. 
 
 CONJUGATION OF 
 
 Indicative Mood. 
 
 Present. 
 
 id) ticb-e, 
 bu lieb*f]t, 
 cr UeM, 
 
 (I love, &c.) 
 roir lieb^en, 
 ibr ltcb4, 
 fie lieb*cn. 
 
 v Perfect 
 id| babe 
 bu baft 
 er bat 
 
 » 
 
 (I have loved, &e.) 
 tr»ir Ijaben 
 ibr babt 
 fie baben 
 
 id) jwrbc 
 tu toifjl 
 
 er roirb 
 
 (I shall love, &c.) 
 
 roir roerben 
 ibr rocrbct 
 fie roerben 
 
 ^ =i roir roerben "] :r. 
 
 >§" ibr rocrbct J-jf 
 
 J -. s fte roerben J r 5 
 
 Imperfect, 
 id) litb'tt, 
 
 bu lieb4cf}, 
 er lieb4e, 
 
 (I loved, &c.) 
 roir UMtn, 
 ibr lieb4ct r 
 fie lieb^ten. 
 
 Pluperfect. (I had loved, &c.) 
 id) batte ") <8 roir batten 
 
 bu l)atte|l \ g ib,r tyattet 
 
 er batte j 2? fie fatten 
 
 Sec. Fut. (I shall have loved, &c.) 
 id) rocrbe ) «-» roir roerben "j g^» 
 
 bu roirft >■«*=? tljr tnerbct J>^~ 
 er roirb J , 3 S? fie roerben j ? s? 
 
 Subjunctive Mood. 
 
 Present. 
 
 id) lieb^e, 
 bu licb cft f 
 er lieb*e, 
 
 Perfect. 
 id) b>be 
 bu babeft 
 er &abc 
 
 i^Vs£ Fut. 
 
 id) roerbc 
 bu roerbc ft 
 er toerbe 
 
 (I love, &c., 38. 3.) 
 loir iieb-Ctt, 
 ibr lieb^et, 
 fie Iicb^en. 
 
 (I have loved, &c.) 
 
 roir Ijaben 
 tb^r babet 
 fie baben 
 
 (I shall love, &c.) 
 roir roerben 
 ibr roerbet 
 fie roerben 
 
 Imperfect, 
 id) tieb*(e)te, 
 bu lieb*(e)teft r 
 er lieb-(e)ie, 
 
 (I loved, &c.) 
 roir lkb*(t)ttn, 
 ibr lizb*(t)ttt, 
 fie lieb*(e)tett. 
 
 Pluperfect. (I had loved, &c.) 
 id) batte ^ <g roir batten 
 
 bu batteji \ £? ibr t)attet 
 
 er batte J 2 s fte batten 
 
 Sec. Fut. (I shall have loved, &c.) 
 id) rocrbe 1 ff-» roir roerben "} ««» 
 
 bu roerbeft f g 
 er roerbe J r 
 
 ibr roerbet \^g 
 fie roerben j ? s? 
 
 Conditional Mood. 
 
 JF%rsi Comc?. (I would love, &c. ) 
 
 id) roitrbe "] cs roir roiirben^ g: 
 
 bu roitrbeft f §* ' ibr roiirbet [■ jf* 
 
 er rourbe J ■? fie roiirben J r 5 
 
 Sec. Cond. (I would have loved, &c.) 
 id) rourbe ") **<* 
 
 bu roiirbeftf <f~ 
 er rourbe J c 5 2" 
 
 roir roiirben^) <*» 
 ibr roiirbet YZlg 
 fie roiirben J?- 
 
 Imperative Mood. 
 
 Sing. \itf>*t, love. | Plur. Ikb^tt, love. 
 
 Infinitive Mood. 
 Pre*. lieb^CIl, to love. | Perf. geliebt ^aben, to have loved. 
 
 Participles. 
 Pres. lieb=Clli>, loving. | Perf. ge4ie&4, loved. 
 
THE NEW CONJUGATION. 
 
 217 
 
 fiidiett, to love. 
 
 PASSIVE VOICE. 
 
 Indicative Mood. 
 Present. (I am loved, &c.) 
 id) tterbe ^ <8 ttir tt>crben^ '^ 
 
 ~t 
 er ttirb 
 
 bu tttrft 
 
 ii)r ifcrbet > i 
 fie tterben j F 
 
 Perfect. (I have been loved, &e.) 
 
 id) bin ~) 3» ttir ftnb 
 
 bu bift f3-~ ibr feto 
 
 er ijt ;S2^ fie finb 
 
 /Srrf i^. (I shall be loved, fcc.) 
 
 id) ttcrbe 1 jf<» tnir tterben "I g« 
 
 butttrft f3-~ 
 
 er ttirb 
 
 ib,r tterbet Y&%- 
 fie tterben J $Z 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 id) tturbe ) » 
 bu tturbeft 1- Jr 
 er tturbe J S" 
 
 (I was loved, &c.) 
 ttir tturben") ^ 
 ti)r tturbet j* £? 
 fie tturben J ~ 
 
 Pluperfect. (I had been loved, &c.) 
 
 bu ttarft YZr-z- 
 er ttar J £ SE 
 
 Sec.Fut. (Isha: 
 id) ttcrbe ") — ,||< 
 butttrft hS'S- 
 erttirb J~ 3 
 
 ttir ttaren 
 ibr ttaret 
 fte ttaren 
 
 1 have been loved, &c.) 
 » ttir tterben") _,«» 
 g? ibrtterbct J-g-3-Sf- 
 X fie tterben J ' 3 ~ 
 
 Subjunctive Mood. 
 
 Present. (I am loved, &c., 38. 3.) 
 id) tterbe ") <3 ttir tterben yf|^ 
 
 bu tterbeft > S 5 ii)r rocrbet > g 
 
 er tterbe J ,~ fie tterben J r 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 id) fei 
 bu fetft 
 er fei 
 
 (I have been loved, &c.) 
 S« ttir feien 
 3-5? ibj fcict 
 3 Z fie fcien 
 
 /ft 
 
 .Fmsf! i%£. (I shall be loved, &c.) 
 
 id) ttcrbe "]5» nur tterben "i S» 
 
 bu tterbeft f 
 er tterbe J 
 
 ibrtterbct [-3-k- 
 >en JS« 
 
 fie tterbe 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 id) tturbe 1 ^ 
 bu tturbeft > £r 
 er tturbe J ^ 
 
 (I was loved, kc.) 
 
 ttir ttitrben") <S 
 tl>r tturbet > sf- 
 fie tturben J ~ 
 
 Pluperfect. (I had been loved, &c.) 
 
 id) ttare 1 s» n>ir ttaren 
 bu ttdrejt fS-sf- tt)r ttaret 
 er ttare J 3 S fie ttaren 
 
 #ec. i^£. (I shall have been loved, &e.) 
 id) tterbe "|— ,5» ttir tterben ") -,| <» 
 bu tterbeft f §-|-£ i&r tterbet f s - !-* 5 
 er tterbe J * 3 - fte tterben J * 3 ~ 
 
 Conditional Mood. 
 
 .Fmtf Cond. (I would be loved, &c.) 
 id) tturbe ") f» ttir ttiirben"| 3 
 
 bu ttiirbeft r 3-1? 
 er tturbe J 3 2? 
 
 ibr tturbet r _ 
 fie tturben J 3 ~ 
 
 #cc. C. (I would have been loved, &e.) 
 id) tturbe ") -,g» ttir tturben") -,<f» 
 bu ttiirbeft \ 3" S- s- t&r ttltrbet k'^? 
 er tturbe J " S s: fte tturben ) ' 3 ST 
 
 Imperative Mood. 
 &«?. tterbe geliebt, be loved. | Plur. tterbet oeliebt, be loved. 
 
 Infinitive Mood. 
 
 Pres. geliebt tterben, to be loved. | iy.geliebtttorbenfein,to have been loved 
 
 Participles. 
 
 p res . > i ie j n g loved. | Per/, flelle&t ttorben, been loved. 
 
218 
 
 PARADIGM OF A VERB OF 
 
 
 
 
 
 CONJUGATION OF 
 
 
 ACTIVE 
 
 VOICE. 
 
 
 
 Indicative Mood. 
 
 
 Present. 
 
 (I call, &c.) 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 (I called, &c.) 
 
 id) ruf^C, 
 bu ruf«ft r 
 er ruf4, 
 
 rotr ruf^en, 
 ibr ruf4, 
 fie rufcen. 
 
 id) rief, 
 bu riefcft, 
 er rief, 
 
 roir rief-Cll, 
 ibr rief4» 
 fie ricf^eit. 
 
 Perfect. (I 
 
 have called, &c.) 
 
 Pluperfect. 
 
 (I had called, &c.) 
 
 id) babe ^ % 
 bu bail f s, 
 er bat J 3 
 
 roir baben "1 ~ 
 ibrbabt f«, . 
 fte baben J 3 
 
 id) batte ") <5 
 bu battejl [\2 
 er batte J 3 
 
 roir batten ")<§ 
 ibr battel > «, 
 fte fatten J 3 
 
 JIM ftrf. 
 
 (I shall call, &c.) 
 
 /S'cc. i^^. (I shall have called, &c.) 
 
 id) roerbe ^ 3 
 bu roir|l (•"g 1 
 er ttnrb J - 
 
 roir roerben "| 3 
 ibr rocrbet V%> 
 fie roerben J - 3 
 
 id) roerbe ^ «*§ 
 bu n>irjr > ~ 3, 
 cr roirb ) 5* 3 
 
 voir roerben ^ «*§ 
 ib. r roeroet > jpjj 
 fte roerben J ? 3* 
 
 
 Subjunct 
 
 Lve Mood. 
 
 
 Present. 
 
 (I call, &c.) 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 (I called, &c.) 
 
 id) ruf^e, 
 bu ruf^efi, 
 er ruf*C, 
 
 rotr ruf=ett, 
 ibr ruf*et, 
 fie ruf^cn. 
 
 id) ricf*t. 
 
 bu rief-eft, 
 er rtefcC, 
 
 rotr rtefcen, 
 ibr rief^et, 
 fte rief^Ctt. 
 
 Perfect. (I have called, &c.) 
 
 Pluperfect. 
 
 (I had cal'ed, &c.) 
 
 id) babe "] § 
 bu babejl rS, 
 er babe J 3 
 
 roir baben "] 3 
 ibr babet Y -, 
 fie baben J 3 
 
 id) batte "| 'f> 
 bu bdtteft j-*, 
 er batte ) 3 
 
 roir batten "] 3 
 ibr battel f «, 
 fie batten J 3 
 
 J*nrf i*ta. 
 
 (I shall call, &c.) 
 
 /S'cc. Put. (I shall have called, &c.) 
 
 id) roerbe ] 3 
 bu roerbe jl \i& 
 er roerbe J - 3 
 
 roir tt>erben "] 3 
 ibr roerbet V-& 
 fie roerben J r 
 
 id) roerbe *} ff'j| 
 bu roerbejr > sr.3 
 cr roerbe J ^ 3 
 
 roir roerben 1 g^§ 
 ibr roerbet > jf .3 
 fte roerben J r 5 3 
 
 .FVrstf Co?id. (I would call, &c.) 
 
 id) rourbe ~| 3 roir rourben^l 3 
 
 bu roitrbejt f"J?» ibr roitrbet ^ 
 
 er rourbe J * fie rourben J r 
 
 Conditional Mood. 
 
 >Scc. Cond. (I would have called, &c.) 
 id) roitrbe 1 ^ rotr roitrben'] «*9 
 
 bu roitrbeft f ^ 3^ if>r roitrbet j- Z3, 
 
 er roitrbe J ■? 3 fie rotirben J ? 3 
 
 Imperative Mood. 
 
 Smgr. rufce, call. j Plur. rufcet, call. 
 
 Infinitive Mood. 
 Pres. ruf=CJt, to call. | Perf. gerufen baben, to have called. 
 
 Participles. 
 Pres. rufcenfe, calling, j Perf ge*ruf=en, called. 
 
THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 219 
 
 Siufen, to call. 
 
 PASSIVE VOICE. 
 
 Indicative Mood. 
 
 Present. (I am called, &c.) 
 id) nurbe "} t § »ir toerbenl 
 
 bu roirft j* «, 
 er n>irb J 3 
 
 tfer nurbet k 
 fie roerben J 
 
 Perfect. (I have been called, &c.) 
 
 id) ton ") fǤ roir finb "] g<$ 
 
 bu bifl \ 3.3 it>r feib }• Zl 
 
 er i|t J 3 3 fie finb J 3 3 j er rear 
 
 Imperfect. (I was called, &c.) 
 id) rourbe *] <§ roir nutrben") <3 
 
 bu rourbeft > «, tfyr nmrbet fjs 
 er rourbe J 3 fie rourben j 3 
 
 Pluperfect. (I had been called, &c.) 
 
 id) war ^3^ nnr foaren 1 S'S 
 bu toarfl f 5. _« ilir ftaret 
 J 3 3 fie roaren 
 
 JSrs* *W. (I shall be called, &c.) Sec. Put. (I shall have been called, &c.) 
 id) nurbe *1 g*§ rntr toerben") S<§ \id) nurbe ") — ,3® rotr nurbein ^5^ 
 f3-«, i^r tverbet f 3- «, bit toirft- } §' & 3 tl>r nurbet ■[ 3- 3 J 
 
 bu nnrft 
 er rtorb 
 
 fie nurben J p 
 
 bu nnrft 
 er nurb 
 
 Subjunctive Mood. 
 
 Present. (I am called, &c.) 
 id) nurbe ") <§ rcir nurben ] 3 
 
 ik roerbet 
 
 fie nurben 
 
 bu nurbeft f 3 
 er nurbe J 3 
 
 tyr nurbet Hi 
 
 Perfect. (I have been called, &c.) 
 id) fei 1 | 3 tx»ir feien 
 bujeift rS-S. if)r feiet 
 
 J 3 £ 
 
 er fei # 
 
 fie feien 
 
 First Put. (I shall be called, &c.) 
 id) nurbe "1 3'$> roir nurben ^ 9% 
 bu nurbeft f 3- 3, if)r nurbet f 3 3 ( 
 er nurbe J 3 3" fie nurben J 3 3 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 id) nun-be "] 3 
 bu rourbeft [-3 
 er rourbe J 3 
 
 fie nurben J * 
 
 (I was called, &c.) 
 
 roir nmrben) t § 
 ijx nuirbet f «, 
 fie rourben J 3 
 
 Pluperfect 
 id) roctre 
 
 (I had been called, &c.) 
 
 bu roctreft }■§.. 
 er roare 
 
 nnr roaren ] 3^ 
 tfer roctrct 
 
 fie roaren 
 
 Sec. Put. (I shall have been called, &c.) 
 id) nun-be "] —»f*[f| roir nurben"] -,8| 
 bu nurbeft r 3*3-5, 9 r ^ cr bet r i'3-3 
 er nurbe J " 3 3 fie nurben J * 3 3 
 
 Conditional Mood. 
 
 First Cond. (I would be called, &c.) 
 
 id) nutrbe "} 5*§ roir roiirbeifl 3 r ^ 
 
 bu nntrbeft )- 3.3 ijn- roiirbet > 3^ .3 
 
 er tourbe J 3 3 fie roiirben J 3 3 
 
 Sec. C. (I would have been called, &c.) 
 id) rourbe V-»§ q roir roiirben") ^3» 
 bu nnirbeft j- §■ 3 3, i&r roiirbet }• §' 3 3, 
 er rourbe J " 3 3 fie roiirben ) ' 3 3 
 
 Imperative Mood. 
 
 -^Migr. tterbe gerufen, be called. | Phir. roerbet gerufen, be called. 
 
 Infinitive Mood. 
 
 Pres. gerufen roerben, to be called. | Pf. gerufen roorben fein, to have been c. 
 
 Pres. 
 
 being called. 
 
 Participles. 
 
 I Perf. gerufen roorben, been called. 
 
220 
 
 LESSON 46. 
 
 Mtlon 46. 
 
 Lesson 46. 
 
 USE AND OMISSION OF THE AKTICLE. 
 
 Seifjuelc. 
 
 3n £>eutfd)tanb ifl eS @ftfc, ben $ut 
 
 abjuncfunen, roenn man greunben be=* 
 
 gegner. 
 £>ie tfunfl ijl bie recfirc £anb ber 9?arur; 
 
 biefe fjar nur ©efd)6pfe, jene ben 31flen* 
 
 fd>en gemacfyt. 
 Saufenb roarnenbe SBeifpiete fatten una 
 
 flug gemad)t r)akn. 
 2)te Slmertfancr retfen nad) SBejlen, bie 
 
 (guropder nad) Often, urn (Xfjina gu 
 
 erretdjen. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 In Germany it is the custom to take 
 
 off one's hat when one meets 
 
 friends. 
 Art is the right hand of Nature ; 
 
 the latter has made only creatures, 
 
 the former (has made) man. 
 A thousand warning examples ought 
 
 to have made us prudent. 
 The Americans travel to the west, 
 
 the Europeans to the east, to reach 
 
 China. 
 
 2B(irtert)crjeidjm&. , 
 
 $er £etlanb, -e3, pi. -e, Saviour. 
 2)er 9?ame, -n, pi. -n, name, [cloth. 
 2)er ©acf, -e£, pi. <Sdcfe, sack, sack- 
 £er <Sd)tag, -e3, pi. <Sd)Idge, blow. 
 £er ©djmetterling, -3, pi. -e, butterfly. 
 £>er 3om, -$, anger. 
 $te (Ebriftenfyett, -, Christendom. 
 £>ie ©an<3, -, pi. ©dnfe, goose. 
 5Dtc flunjt, -, pi. flunjle, art. 
 S)te Uebung, -, pi. -en, practice. 
 Die Unfierb'Ucfyfeit, - immortality 
 $tt$ $arlament', -ed, pi. -e, parliament 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 3>a3 <Sd)itffat, -a, pi. -e, fate. 
 
 £>a$ ©tnnbtlb, -a, pi. -er, emblem. 
 
 Slefmltd), similar. 
 
 9?orben, north, b = th. 
 
 ©egeln, to sail, g = — . page 27. 
 
 ©itben, south, u = ou ; b = tli. 
 
 3Serfd)lte§en, close. 
 
 23erfe£en, fetch, deal (as a blow). 
 
 sBerurtfyeilen, to condemn, sentence. 
 
 SBcjlcn, west. 
 
 9Bilb, wild. 
 
 3u ®runbe rtd)ten, ruin, destroy. 
 
 Inmbertfie $lufga&e. 
 
 L £>ie $unfi (3.) tft cine Softer ber grei&eit. 2. £>a$ 23n$ 
 be$ @d)ttffat3 tft ttor un^ serfcfyl often. 3. 2)er ipeilanb tft ba$ 
 ttafyre 2id)t. 4. $5a$ ^artament »ernrtt)eilte $arl ben 3roeiten 
 gum (4.) $ob. 5. £)ie meiften (Eltern fdncfen tfyre ^inber in bie 
 ©djule unb in bie ^ircfye. 6. 35ier 3af)rfmnberte lang ftnben n?ir 
 
USE AND OMISSION OF THE ARTICLE. 221 
 
 23atattier in ben romifdjen £eeren, after nad) ben gtiten be3 $ono 7 * 
 rin3 aerfdjnnnbet ifyr ^arne au$ ber ©efcfyidjte. 7. g$ tft gnm 
 <Spriid>roort a,ett>orben. 8. (Sr aerfefcte mir etnen ©djlag anf ben 
 2Irm. 9. ©as ift ein gn HeineS 3 immer - 1°* 3> r ©cfymetterling 
 ift ein ©innbilb ber UnftcrMicfyfeit. 11. £>ie Jlinber gefyen fefyr 
 ungern gu 33ett. 12. (Sr fagte e3 im 3o™e. 13. 2Bir fegelten 
 nad) Often nnb fie nad) 2Beften. 14. Dtefer Sxnffe ift ein 9)?antt 
 son (5l)re. 15. ^eifen $n guf) ftnb oft angenefymer, aU S^eifen gn 
 $>ferb ober im SBagen. 16. 3n ftelcfyer 3afyve^ett giefyen bie 
 tvilben ©anfe nad) bem 9torben? 17. 3nt griitjlirta, giekn fie 
 nad) bem 9torben nnb im £erbft nad) bem (Siiben. 18. £>er 9fta* 
 ler hat fcei biefen nnb atjnlidjen ^rbeiten feine ©efunbtyeit gn 
 ©rnnbe gericfctet. 19. SMe Gfyriftenfyeit trauert in ©ad nnb 2lfd)e. 
 20. (Sin ©priidjmort fagt : Uebnna, mad)t ben 9tteijfrt\ 21* 2Bir 
 gie^en bnrd) geinbes 2aub. 
 
 Exercise 101. 
 
 1. At this season of the year the swallows migrate to the 
 south. 2. These and similar labors have destroyed the health 
 of this man. 3. How do you say in German : " Practice makes 
 perfect"] 4. We shall soon have cold weather ; the wild geese 
 are flying to the south. 5. The boys waited a whole day. 
 6. Did you make the journey on foot or by water ] 7. We 
 made it partly on foot (8.) and partly by (8.) water. 8. He 
 was beside himself with pain. 9. He directed his eyes toward 
 heaven. 10. The determined tone of the ambassador made an 
 impression. 11. That is not the fashion with us. 12. He was 
 sick unto death. 13. The consumption of soap is a measure 
 of the civilization of a people. 14. Send her to rest. 15. Many 
 a man seems to think only of eating and drinking. 16. I have 
 not even time to write my friend a letter. 17. Poor Robert 
 has fallen from the wall. 18. Our friend was elected a (4.) 
 representative. 19. Chimborazo is in South America near the 
 city of Quito. 20. Glass is transparent and brittle. 21. A 
 hundred voices called after him. 
 
222 
 
 LESSON 46. 
 
 ©rammttttfdjes. 
 
 Grammatical. 
 
 1. The definite article is used: 1. before names of days, 
 months, and seasons ; 2. before masculine and feminine geograph- 
 ical names ; 3. before proper names preceded by adjectives ; 
 4. before proper names when their endings do not indicate their 
 case ; 5. before names of persons designated as members of the 
 household or as acquaintances of the speaker : 
 
 $er Sonnrag iji em ^ufjetag. 
 $er ^cfcruar ifl ber furjeflc Sftonar. 
 Xtx Sriifyltng ijt bte fcfyonfte Sabred 
 
 j«t. 
 
 $er Sefus tjr etn SJulfan'. 
 
 $ie Xitrfet' ift madjtiger, aU man 
 
 gtaubte. 
 $er arme SBtifctm ttar untroftltd). 
 $ie 9teben be$ ©emeftyeneS. 
 $ufe 2ien 3ofyann. 
 3d) mag'd unb twlTd ntdjt alaufcen, bafj 
 
 mid) i>cr 3Rax scrlaffcn §at. 
 
 Sunday is a daj 1- of rest. 
 February is the shortest month. 
 Spring is the most beautiful season 
 
 of the year. 
 Vesuvius is a volcano. 
 Turkey is more powerful than was 
 
 supposed. 
 Poor William was inconsolable. 
 The speeches of Demosthenes. 
 Call John. 
 I cannot and will not believe that 
 
 Maximilian has left me. 
 
 2i Before nouns specifying time or quantity, the use of the 
 definite article corresponds to that of the indefinite article in 
 English : 
 
 2Btr fiafcen jtnetmat hit 2Bodie Unrerrtdjt 
 
 in ber franjoftjtyen <2pradje. 
 (£3 fojfct ctnen Scaler bag spfunb. 
 
 "We have instruction in the French 
 
 language twice a week. 
 It costs a dollar a pound. 
 
 3. Abstract nouns and names of substances are used both 
 with and without the definite article ; generally with it when in 
 
 the genitive case : 
 
 $0$ (^riilentfyum ift ber SGBelt etn grower 
 
 ©egen. 
 £)a3 fmb SBerfe J>er Siefce. 
 2)ie3 waren SBorte bc0 SrofteS. 
 Drbnung lefjrt end) geit gcttinnert. 
 9M)met £olj t»om girttenftamme. 
 $aS ®olb ift etn ebleS SWctatt. 
 
 Christianity is a great blessing 
 
 the world. 
 These are works of love. 
 These were words of comfort. 
 Order teaches you to gain time. 
 Take wood of the pine. 
 Gold is a precious metal. 
 
 to 
 
USE AND OMISSION OF THE ARTICLE. 
 
 223 
 
 4. The dative of the definite article with ju (24. 2.) is used 
 in many expressions that mark a change of condition : 
 
 ©r tturbe Jttttt ftatfer geroaljlt. 
 §um $entit$er roerbe ntd)t. 
 (&v i\t jum Settler geroorben. 
 
 He was chosen emperor. 
 Do not turn traitor. 
 He has become a beggar. 
 
 5. The definite article, when used with Beibe, 1)011), folifjcr, 
 
 fO, and JU, precedes them : 
 
 £>te betben 2)tener bliebcn etnen b,al6en 
 Sag. 
 
 Both the (the two) servants remained 
 half a (a half) day. 
 
 6. The article is omitted : 1. before the names of the cardi- 
 nal points merely indicating direction ; 2. before nouns used, 
 in a general sense, as predicates of fcttt or lflcrbcit ; 3. before 
 nouns standing in apposition after aU with a previously or sub- 
 sequently expressed word ; 4. in some conventional phrases ; 
 5. in many phrases before ttftttCV, Ic^tcrcr, folflCltbcr : 
 £>a$ gtne ©d&iff fegelte nad) Often, ba$ One ship sailed (toward the) east, 
 
 cmbere nad) ©iiben. 
 (£tner metner betben 33ruber tjt £auf* 
 
 mann, ber anbere 5Tr^t. 
 9H3 $reunb farm id) e3 ntdjt ratten. 
 Ueber6rtnger btefeS ifr mein ftreunb. 
 $err Ocetnljarb unb mein Setter retjlen 
 
 por eintgen SBodjen nad) 5Rimd)en; 
 
 GErflerer fam Ijeute struct, Severer 
 
 ftjirb ftdj nod) eintge Sage in 9Jciin* 
 
 d)en aufljalten. 
 
 the other (toward the) south. 
 
 One of my two brothers is a mer- 
 chant, the other a physician. 
 
 As a friend I cannot advise it. 
 
 The bearer of this is my friend. 
 
 Mr. Reinhard and my cousin de- 
 parted some weeks ago to Munich ; 
 tlie former returned to-day, the 
 latter will still remain some days 
 in Munich. 
 
 7. With JU many idiomatic phrases are found without the 
 article : 
 
 dv retjt jtt $ferbe. 
 
 SK?tr reifen JU ftupe. 
 
 33ei bem rufftfdjen ftelbjuge tm Saijre 
 
 1812 ging tie „©roiJe Strmee" }tt 
 
 ©runbe. 
 Die Gbre roarb tljm ntdjt JU SfjeU. 
 2)cr ftontg SUxl fap einjt Jtt £ifd).— 
 
 Ubjanb. 
 
 He travels on horseback. 
 
 "We travel on foot. 
 
 In the Russian campaign in the 
 
 year 1812 the "Grand Armee" 
 
 was destroyed. 
 That honor he did not obtain. 
 King Charles was once sitting at 
 
 the table. 
 
224 
 
 LESSON 47. 
 
 Miion 47. 
 
 Lesson 47. 
 
 COLLOCATION OF WORDS. 
 
 Setfoicle. 
 
 3n ber Sugenb ollcm ftnbet ber SBetfe 
 
 3ufriebenl)ctt. 
 2?ajj biefe <3prad)e fd)tt>tertger, aI3 bie 
 
 englifdje ijl, tjaben <Sie wofyl fdjon 
 
 etngefefyen. 
 9?ie ljabe td) fie gemieben unb fd)tt>erltd) 
 
 tterbe id) 3&nen gan$ entgeljen. 
 Tern ftrtcblidjen gettdljrt man gem ben 
 
 ftrieben. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 In virtue alone a wise man finds 
 contentment. 
 
 That this language is more difficult 
 than the English you have prob- 
 ably seen. 
 
 Never have I avoided them and hard- 
 ly shall I wholly escape them. 
 
 To the peaceful man one willingly 
 accords peace. 
 
 SBortcrnencitJjmp. 
 
 $er Siirger, -3, pi.- citizen (burgher). 
 
 Tex 2)ampf, -e3, pi. 3)ampfe, steam. 
 
 2>er Stan jl, -c3, pi. 2>unjle, vapor (dust). 
 
 Tier £trte, -n, pi. -n, shepherd. 
 
 Tex ^rieg, -e3, pi. -e, war. 
 
 Tex 9Jad)en, -$, pi. -, bark, skiff. 
 
 Tex WeM, -3, pi. -, fog. 
 
 Tex ©tern, -e$, pi. -e, star, e = a. 
 
 $te £erbe, -, pi. -n, herd. 
 
 Tie 33olf3religton, -, pi. -en, religion of 
 
 the people. 
 Tie 23a jfe, -, pi. -n, weapon, a = ea. 
 2ta8 ©ente', -3, pi. -3, genius. 
 2)a3 <5d)recfmj?, -e* f pi. -e, horror. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Sfenbern, change. 
 
 Slnfangcn, begin. 
 
 SluSgekn, go out. au = ou ; 3 = t ; e = o. 
 
 (Snblid), finally. 
 
 (Sntflammen, to inflame, inspire. 
 
 |>ingel)en, go (thither). 
 
 <3ettbem, since. 
 
 {Bid} 2ftitt)e gefcen, take pains. 
 
 UnMUtg, unjust. 
 
 Ungdljltg, innumerable. 
 
 ©erttjeibigen, defend. 
 
 33on jeljer, always, from the earliest 
 
 period. 
 2Butt)en, to rage. 
 
 §unbert unb jtneite $ufga&e. 
 
 1. Snblid) geigten t?ic 23iira,er vhre 2$affcn unb ffnejen an, ftdj gu 
 »errktfc>ia,en. 2. 3$ nxig, ba§ mcin greunt) moreen Fommen 
 tt)irt>. 3. Ueber unS fefyen nrir ten #imrael nnt» unjafyltiie Sterne. 
 4. 2Benn man fcerjtantria, merben mill, [o (3.) mug man fid) 9ftitl)e 
 geben. 5. ©egenftanbe ber 5>olf$religion maren e3 tton jefyer, tie 
 
COLLOCATION OF WORDS. 225 
 
 bag ®ente bes $unjHer$ cntflammten. 6. 3d) tr-eifj ntcbt, ob er ba 
 ift. ?♦ <3eitbem fein SSater fyter ift, ift er ttiel 3itfriebener. 8. $3ir 
 roiffen, rote er ba3 getfyan fyat, unb wo er fytngegancjen ift. 9. 2lu$ 
 Dampfen unb Diinften entftefyen 9?ebel unb Sffcgen. 10. Die 
 9catur fyat fid) geanbert ; ir-ie fatten bie 9ftenfd)en biefelben Meiben 
 folien? 11. ©ie tuijfen nid)t, warum id) ba$ cjefagt ^abe. 12. 
 2Senu er gteid) arm ift, fo (3.) ift er bod) (4.) gliidlid). 13. Unfer 
 ©djtff nennt er einen 9cad)en. 14. 2Beil 8ie franf finb, fonnen 
 ©ie nid)t ausgefccn. 15. (Sie fmb Iran! unb fonnen besfyalb nid)t 
 auSgefyen. 16. Grtragen mug man, n>a$ ber £immel fcnbet; Un* 
 btUtgeS ertragt fein ebleS ^per^. 17. SBare bas ^Better fd)6n geblie* 
 ben, fo fatten roir einen 21u£flua, in^ ©ebirge gemacfyt. 18. 3e 
 mefyr <33ott bir gegeben l)at, befto mefyr foflft bu ben 2lrmen geben. 
 19. din furd)tbar wut&enb ©d)rerfni§ ift ber ^rieg ; ben ipirten 
 'fdjlagt er unb bie £erbe. 20. 3e nad)bem man gel)anbe(t Bat, 
 roirb man gtiidiid) ober unglittflidj fein. 
 
 Exercise 103. 
 
 1. He has read more books than he has bought. 2. They 
 saw me before I saw them. 3. We will wait here till you can 
 go with us. 4. You know that I have not seen him. 5. The 
 longer one lives, the shorter time has one yet to live. 6. Ac- 
 cording as one is idle or industrious will one be unhappy or 
 contented. 7. I do not know whether he will come or not. 
 8. I have seen him since I have been here. 9. Do you know 
 how long he remained in the city 1 10. No ; I know that he 
 has been there, but I do not know how long he remained. 11. , 
 We know him, but we do not know where he lives. 12. This 
 boy is sad, because his father is sick. 13. Because he has not 
 much money, he is discontented. 14. I am tired and can, 
 therefore, write no longer. 15. They cannot go out, because 
 they are sick. 16. Because he is sick, he cannot go out. 17. 
 Those books I have never read. 18. Although (3.) he is poor, 
 he is nevertheless happy. 19. Wait till I read the letter. 20. 
 We know that he will come day after to-morrow. 
 
226 lesson 47. 
 
 ©rommattjdjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. In subordinate sentences the verb is placed last : 
 33ebenfe, baft bit ftcrMid) M|t. Remember that thou art mortal. 
 
 When in subordinate sentences the concessive conjunctions UKUU, ofa 
 flh'id), &c. (15. 8.) are omitted, the collocation of words is the same as in 
 interrogative sentences : 
 
 2ag 1 3 an mir (ttenn e3 an mir lagc), Had it depended on me, they would 
 fie roarett Icingft au3 9teid)e3 ©ren= long since have been out of the 
 
 gen. boundaries of the kingdom. 
 
 2. In independent sentences, preceded by a subordinate one, 
 or beginning with another word than the subject, the verb 
 usually precedes the subject : 
 
 £iefen SWann fcnnc id), aocr jenen {jabe This man I know, but that one I 
 
 id) nie gefefjen. have never seen. 
 
 2Bo fie freselte, Wirb fie geridjtet. Where she offended she is judged. 
 
 After conjunctive adverbs the collocation is the same as with other 
 adverbs : 
 
 to. fommt 3fyr greunb. There comes your friend. 
 
 3. $a, ofigleidj (or ob gletdj), olifdjon (or oft ftfjon), rittool)!, 
 
 luCltlt, and IntC are often followed by the correlative fo at the 
 head of the leading clause : 
 
 Ta id) einmal fjter bin, fo ft>iB id) aud) Since I am (once) here, I will (also) 
 f)ier Meioen. remain. 
 
 4. When olig(ctrf) or either of the concessive conjunctions 
 
 stands at the head of the first sentence, the correlative fo of the 
 next is usually followed by botfj or ucnuotfj : 
 
 Dogjeid) cr e3 serfprad), fo untertiejj cr Although he promised it, he never- 
 
 e$ bennod). theless neglected it. 
 
 Do er gleid) reid) ijt, tfl er (or fo ift er) Although he is rich, he is neverthe- 
 
 tod) etn Jtnaufer. less a niggard. 
 
 5. Sometimes a causal adverb in a leading clause is best 
 omitted in translating : 
 
 ©r ift beefoalb unutfrteben, mil fein He is ( — ) discontented, because 
 
 greunb nid)t ^ter ift. his friend is not here. 
 
 (£§ tt>ar Statist, tie er bafiir na^m. It was revenge which he took. 
 
THE ADVERB. 
 
 227 
 
 6. Adverbs (except genug') precede the adjectives and adverbs 
 which they qualify : 
 
 (£3 tft fdjon gtemltd) fait. It is already pretty cold. 
 
 £>er £ut i\t groj? genug. The hat is large enough. 
 
 7. Adverbs follow the verb which they qualify ; in compound 
 tenses, the first auxiliary : 
 
 (£r war gejicrn tytcr. He was here yesterday. 
 
 (Sr nnrb morgen l)ter fetn. He will be here to-morrow. 
 
 8. Adverbs of time precede the object (except when it is a 
 personal pronoun), while those of manner, referring exclusively 
 to the verb, commonly follow the object : 
 
 Sr madjte geftern fcine Arbeit fc^r 
 
 fd)lerf)t. 
 Sr fiat geptern fetne Slrkit fefyr fdjledjt 
 
 gemad)t. 
 (£r \jat fie fieute Jeffer gemad)t. 
 (Er f)at mir geftern biefe 9fltttf)ettung 
 
 fd)riftltd) gcmad)t. 
 
 He did his work yesterday very 
 
 "badly. 
 He has done his work (yesterday) 
 
 very badly. 
 He has done it better to-day. 
 He made this communication to me 
 
 yesterday in writing. 
 
 9. For the sake of emphasis, the collocation of words is 
 subject to many variations. To give special prominence to a 
 word, it is often placed at the head of the sentence : 
 
 ®elefen Ijat er, obcr nidrt laut. He has read, but not aloud. 
 
 grnnjDftfd) fpridit cr jwav ; ba3 £)eutfd)e French he speaks, it is true, but Ger- 
 abtx mad)t iijm mel <3d)tt)ierigfeit. man causes him much difficulty. 
 
 Settton 48. 
 
 Lesson 48. 
 
 THE ADVERB. 
 
 fBtiipitU. 
 
 £)a3 Srten beS 9ftenfd)en fcfyrcanft, rcie 
 cm 9?ad)ert, fyiniiber unb ljeriib'er. 
 
 BiJgernb fommt bie Buhtnft angejogen ; 
 pfeilfdjnell ift ba« 3e|t serfiogen ; eroig 
 ftttt jiefjt bie SBergangenfyeit. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The life of man, like a skiff, wavers 
 (vacillates) to and fro. 
 
 Loitering comes the future (march- 
 ing) ; swift as an arrow the pres- 
 ent (now) flies (is flown) ; forever 
 still stands the past. 
 
228 
 
 LESSON 48. 
 
 SBbrtertoerjcttfjmp. 
 
 $cr Sauf, -e3, pi. Caufe, course. 
 £)er SturmtPtnb, -etf, pi. -e, tempest. 
 jDer£aud)er,-3,pl.-, diver (see taudjen). 
 £)er S5erbru§', -e3, spite, anger. 
 $te 25crad)'tunc|, - slighting, disdain. 
 £tt$ ©emittb/, -e$, pi. -«, mind, dis- 
 position. 
 &ct3 2tteer, -e3, pi. -e, sea. 
 2)00 Uefrel, -3, pi. - evil. u = e; & = v. 
 £>ad SStefel, -3, pi. -, weasel, ie = ea. 
 Sllicrroegen, everywhere, all about. 
 8ttftag9 f at the beginning. 
 Slnfefyen, look at, behold. 
 $u$retpen, tear out. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 33efle'kn, consist. 
 
 £)ann, then, b = th ; a = e. 
 
 tfebjen, fail, e = ai. 
 
 $ortreiten, ride away ; ride forth. 
 
 £etlen, heal, et = ea. 
 
 ■£>oIen, bring, haul, o = au. 
 
 ^adjen, make, cause, give. 
 
 ©d)tt)aben, Swabia. fd) = s. 
 
 ©id) fyerum'tretbcn, wander about. 
 
 @id) lenfen, to be led (link, e = i). 
 
 Xaa,$ sorter, the day before. 
 
 £aud)en, dive, duck, t = d ; au = u. 
 
 33ortt>drt3, forward. \> = f ; t — d. 
 
 Buriitf, backward. 
 
 gmnbert nnb trierte Sfafp&e. 
 
 I. 2Bo lommt ifyr fyer (3.), nnb ivo get)t tf)r tyin ? 2. 2Bir font* 
 men an3 <5d)toaben nnb gefyen nad) $renj}en. 3. £inab, fytnanf 
 gefyt nnfer Sauf. 4. Diefe gtoet banner fd)ienen ficb gleid) anfang$ 
 mtt 2>erbrn§ nnb SSeradjtung angefefyen ju fyaben. 5. SBann finb 
 @ie fortgeritten ? 6. 3$ rttt tags sorter fort 7. ©corner Ienfen 
 ftd) bte fyeftigen ©emiitfyer. 8. (Er trieb ftct> a(iern?egen im ©cbtrg 
 Jjerum. 9, SBijfen Sic, too jene fleijngen 2lrbeiter fytngegangen 
 ftnb ? 10. 3a, loir mijfen e3 ; fte ftnt> nad) bem £)orfe grauenalp 
 gegangen ; fotlen ioir and) fytngefyen ? 11. SGenn e3 3^nen $er* 
 gniigen macfyt. 12. 3$ lief, n?te ein SBtefct babin nnb bortfytn, 
 Sreppen fytnauf unb fyinab. 13. 28er nid)t oonoarts gefyt, gefyt 
 gnritd. 14. 23ofe Sente fud)en imnter bag Dunfle. 15. 3d) ftanb 
 eUn oor bem ipaufe, al$, mein 23ebienter mir ben 23rief gab. 16. 
 Der ©tnrtmoinb neuftdj l)at ganje SBalber auSgerijfen. 17. (Erft 
 tjanble nnb bann rebe. 18. (Er ift erft jefcn 3^^ r ^ alt. 19. 2)er 
 ijevftanbige 5Ir$t fte^t nid)t immer gleid), toorin bag Uebel beftet)t ; 
 erft bann oft, ioenn er n?ei§, roorin ber jtranfe gefeblt fyat, !ann cr 
 l)eilen. 20. £>er Xand)er taufyt in t>a$ 50?eer fynak (3.), urn $erlen 
 fyerauf $n ^olen. 
 
THE ADVERB. 229 
 
 Exercise 105. 
 1. That could not be done so secretly without mutiny. 
 2. You must go forward, for now you can no longer (22. 8.^ 
 go backward. 3. He was, however, still somewhat doubtful. 
 4. These immigrants come here (3.) from Bohemia. 5. In the 
 morning he writes, and in the evening he reads. 6. Are your 
 cousins coming here (3.) 1 7. No, for they are alreadj^ here. 
 8. I have never traveled from Germany to Russia. 9. The 
 carpenter fell down from the roof. 10. The horse ran down 
 the mountain. 11. The boys went up the street. 12. We 
 must go to the forest; will yon go there (3.) with us? 13. 
 No, we must remain where we are. 14. I will go up, if you 
 will go down. 15. Have you ever been in Russia? 16. Where 
 (3.) are }-ou going? 17. I am going to the village; will you 
 go there too 1 1 8. I shall go there day after to-morrow. 1 9. 
 The boy sprang down into the water. 20. Our friends are in 
 Greece, aud we shall also go there. 
 
 ©rammatifcjjcS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. Adverbs are formed : 
 
 1. From other words by means of the suffixes ltd), ItltgS, or 
 toartS : 
 
 furjttd), recently ; jafyltngS, precipitously ; cmfn>art$, upward ; 
 tagltd), daily ; rucfting^, from the rear ; fyimmclrodrtS, heavenward. 
 
 2. By combining oblique cases of the nouns 2>ttt0,, JJttff, 9ftttl, 
 
 9Raff, <5titt, Ztyil, <Bkg, 28eUe, SBctfc with other parts of 
 
 speech : 
 
 oflerbtngS, by all means ; grojtontktlS, for the most part ; 
 
 gteid)fatte, likewise ; fetneSttegS, by no means ; 
 
 oftmalS, often ; etnfnueUen, meanwhile ; 
 
 etmgermapen, in some measure ; fcfyerjwetfe, jestingly ; 
 
 citlerfeitS, from all sides ; tfycttmeife, partly. 
 
 3. By suffixing | to nouns or adjectives : 
 
 tctg3, by day ; ntorgen^, in the morning ; faflS, in case ; 
 
 nacfytS, at night ; akniDS, in the evening ; tljetlS, partly ; 
 
 fcerdtS, already ; linU, to the left ; ftetS, always. 
 
230 
 
 LESSON 48. 
 
 2. The adverbs fctt, there; bflrt, yonder ; Ijter, here; and 
 ftjfl, where, are used with verbs of rest or those indicating action 
 within specified limits : 
 
 £>icr jM)e id). 2Ser tft ba ? Here I stand. Who is there ? 
 
 2>ort fptelen bte ilinber ; wo ftnb bte Yonder the children are playing ; 
 (?ltern ? where are the parents ? 
 
 3. §cr, hither, and Ijttt, thither, when compounded with other 
 words, as &0, &c, still retain their distinctive meanings ; Ijer 
 indicating motion or tendency toward, and f)i\t,from the speaker. 
 As, however, these particles in compounds have no precise 
 equivalents in English, their force is often lost in translating : 
 
 2Ber t|t ba, imb wcr gcfit banjn ? 
 23letbe l)ter, er ttirb fcalb fyterljer font* 
 
 men. 
 2Bo ifl ber 9Inttmann, unb tvoMn gefjt 
 
 er? 
 
 Who is there and who goes thither ? 
 Remain here, he will soon come here 
 
 (hither). 
 Where is the magistrate and where 
 
 (whither) is he going ? 
 
 Direction toward the speaker. 
 
 <£r jtteg fjcrauf. He ascended (hither). 
 (Sr fin-ana, IjerauS. He sprang out " 
 (£r ftetgt fterab. He descends " 
 (£r fam ijerunter. He came down " 
 
 Direction from the speaker. 
 
 G£r ftteg ^tnauf. He ascended (thither). 
 @r fprang t)tnau$. He sprang out [ ' 
 (Er ftetgt f)tna6. He descends " 
 (£r gtng fytnunter. He went down " 
 
 4. These Compounds after a noun preceded by a preposition 
 are usually rendered by a preposition before the corresponding 
 English noun : 
 
 2>er ©oget flog jum Sfenfter IjtnauS. 
 <2te famen bte Sreppe l)erunter. 
 
 The bird flew out of the window. 
 They came down the stairs. 
 
 5. §er and (jut are often separated from ft)0 and placed at 
 the end of the sentence. With verbs of rest, Ijttt signifies past, 
 gone ; (jtt* denotes proximity : 
 
 2Bo geljen @te fytn? 
 28o fommt er t;er ? 
 £>er (Sommer ift fd)on $tn. 
 @te jlanben urn if)n §er. 
 
 Whither are you going ? 
 Whence is he coming ? 
 The summer is already past. 
 They stood round about him. 
 
RECAPITULATION. 231 
 
 Siefeerljohmg. Recapitulation. 
 
 Hundert und sechste Aufgabe. 
 
 1. In Satzen, denen eine Vermuthung zu Grande liegt, welche fur 
 zweifelhaft oder unmoglich gehalten wird, steht das Verb im Kon- 
 ditionalis. 2. Desselben Modus bedient man sich in Fragesatzen, 
 urn eine entgegengesetzte Meinung, eine Ueberraschung oder eine 
 drohende Gefahr auszudriicken. 3. Nach einer Verneinung verleiht 
 der Konditionalis dem Satze eine stiirkere Betonung. 4. Urn eine 
 absolute Gewissheit auszudriicken, vertritt das Priisens oder Imper- 
 fekt des Indikativs mitunter die Stelle des Konditionalis. 5. Wenn 
 heissen intransitiv gebraucht wird, entspricht es gewolmlich dem 
 Passiv der Verben to name oder to call, oder auch dem Substantiv 
 name in Verbindung mit dem Verb to be. 6., Das Verb spaziren 
 wird moistens in Verbindung mit den Verben fahren, fiiliren, reiten 
 oder gehen angewandt und druckt eine Bewegung zur Erholung 
 oder zum Vergniigen des sie Ausiibenden aus. 7. Wenn der Infmitiv 
 substantivisch gebraucht wird, wird er wie ein siichliches Substantiv 
 behandelt und entspricht dem substantivisch gebrauchten Partizip 
 des Priisens im Englischen. 8. Wenn ein Verb im Partizip des 
 Perfect pradikativisch gebraucht wird. regiert es denselben Kasus, 
 wie in den iibrigen Formen ; wenn es attributivisch gebraucht wird, 
 wird es behandelt, wie ein Adjektiv. 9. Der Imperativ wird durch 
 den Konjunktiv ausgedriickt, wenn die dritte Person fur die zweite 
 gebraucht wird. 10. Wenn der Sprechende die an den Angesproche- 
 nen gethane Aufforderung zugleich an sich selbst richtet, so wird eine 
 Imperativform durch das Hiilfsverb lassen, oder durch die erste Per- 
 son des Konjunktivs gebildet. 11. Wenn der Imperativ einen nach- 
 druoklichen Befehl ausdriicken soil, wird er durch den Indikativ ver- 
 treten. 12. Der Imperativ wird oft durch ein zweites Partizip. ein 
 Substantiv oder ein Adverb ausgedriickt. 13. Zusammengesetzte 
 Verben sind trennbar, wenn clas Prcefixum den Accent hat; im an- 
 deren Falle sind sie untrennbar. 14. Die untrennbaren zusammen- 
 gesetzten Verben nehmen im zweiten Partizip die Vorsilbe ge nicht 
 an. 15. Transitive Verben werden oft reflexiv gebraucht mit intransi- 
 tiver oder passiver Bedeutnng. 10. Wenn diinken als unperson- 
 liches Verb gebraucht wird, regiert es entweder den Dativ oder 
 Akkusativ. 17. Fehlen, gebrechen u«d mangeln regieren, wenn 
 sie unpersonlich gebraucht werden, den Dativ der Person. 18. In- 
 
232 
 
 LESSON 49. 
 
 transitive sowohl, als transitive Verben, werden haufig unpersonlich 
 oder reflexiv gebraucht, um eine Handlung oder einen Zustand ohne 
 Beziehung auf irgend einen besonderen Gegenstand zu bezeichnen. 
 19. Wenn gehen unpersonlich gebraucht wird, regiert es den Dativ 
 und wird am besten durch to be iibersetzt, wo dann der Dativ dem 
 englischen Nominativ oder Objectiv nach with entspricht. 20. Das 
 Passivum wird durch Verbindung des Hulfs verbs werden mit dern 
 zweiten Partizip gebildet. 21. Wenn werden als Hulfs verb ge- 
 braucht wird, ninimt es im zweiten Partizip die Vorsilbe ge nicht an. 
 
 Mtion 49. 
 
 Lesson 49. 
 
 GENITIVE CASE. PREPOSITIONS WITH THE GENITIVE. 
 
 Prepositions with the Genitive. 
 
 STnftatt or jratt, instead of. 
 
 2tu§erf)al&, outside. 
 
 2)te3feu or bieSfettS, on this side. 
 
 £alb, Ijalben, or fyalfrer, on account of. 
 
 3nnerl)alb, inside, within. 
 
 3enfett or jenfeitS, beyond, the other 
 
 side. 
 $raft, by virtue of. 
 i*aut, according to. 
 DfcrljaH), above. 
 
 Urn — ttntfen, for the sake of. 
 Ungead)tet, notwithstanding. 
 Unterftalb, below, 
 ttnfern, not far from, near. 
 Unweit, not far from, near. 
 SSermitteljr or mtttclji, by means of. 
 Skrmoge, by dint of. 
 2Bd()renb, during. 
 SBegen, on account of. 
 
 ©eifjuele. 
 
 $flan mu§ Die Sugenb um ifyrer fettsft 
 nriflen licben, ober fie gcm$ aufge* 
 ben. 
 
 2)ie (MtrgSfette, bte ftd) burdj SCftmn* 
 gen, ^ulbct unb bie SBetterau Vi§ an 
 ben 9tyein erftrecft, enbigt ftd) ober^atb 
 SBonn in bem ©tekngefcirge. 
 
 3enfeit3 be3 <5ee3 gtiifjte ber 3lknbf)im* 
 mel iiber bem ©eMrge. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 One must love virtue for its own 
 sake, or give it up (renounce it) 
 entirely. 
 
 The mountain-chain which extends 
 through Thuringia, Fulda, and 
 Wetterau to the Rhine ends above 
 Bonn in the Siebengebirge. 
 
 Upon the other side of the lake the 
 evening sky glowed upon the 
 mountains. 
 
PREPOSITIONS WITH THE GENITIVE. 
 
 233 
 
 SBorterfceraetifjnife. 
 
 $er Sfttje'ner, -4, pi. -, Athenian. 
 Der Diener, -3, pi. -, servant. 
 Der ®erud)3ftnn, -3, sense of smelling. 
 Der ©efefcgeber, -3, pi. - lawgiver. 
 Der 9)olar'frei#, -e$, pi. -, polar-circle. 
 Der SerS, -e<3, pi. -e, verse. 
 Dor 3»ecf, -e$, purpose, end. 
 §te 23eroegung, - pi- -en, motion. 
 2)ie Dnnfelfyeir, -, darkness. 
 Die (£tafit$irdr, -, elasticity. 
 Die ©renje, - pi. -n, limit. 
 Die 9iegte'rung, -, pi. -en, government. 
 Die 9Jtd)tung, -, pi. -en, direction. 
 Die 9hri'ne, -, pi. -n, ruins. 
 Die @d)rift, -, pi. -en, Scripture. 
 Die <3d)roere, -, weight. 
 Die SageSldnge, -, pi. -n, length of day. 
 1)k $afd)enuljr, -, pi. -en, watch. 
 Die 2}erfd)tebenfycir, -, pi. -en, differ- 
 ence. 
 Die SSei^eil, -, wisdom. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Die Berflreuung, -, pi. -en, diversion. 
 
 £>tt# ©ebddjtnip, -e$, memory. 
 
 2)tt$ Wittel, -$, pi. -, means. 
 
 T>a§ <Sd)lojJ, -ed, pi. Sd)H>ffer, castle. 
 
 Dad ©tdbtd)cn, -d, pi. -, little town. 
 
 Dad 2Mb, -ed, game. 
 
 Dad 3etd)en, -d, pi. -sign, mark. 
 
 Dad Bengntp, -&, pi. -e, witness. 
 
 33efd)tt>erlid>, burdensome. 
 
 (Stgcnttid), proper. 
 
 (Stnprdgen, impress. 
 
 (Srfennen, recognize (fennen, ken). 
 
 (Surcpd'tfd), European. 
 
 ■£>errfd)en, prevail. 
 
 3iid)ttg, correct. 
 
 @cid)fifd), Saxon. 
 
 <3td) gefallen laffen, submit to. 
 
 UnfdjeinBar, simple, plain -looking. 
 
 SStelmefyr', rather. 
 
 35orgcl)en, happen. 
 
 SBittern, scent, smell. 
 
 §unbcrt rntb ftefiente $ufp&e. 
 
 L 3nnerfjalb bev ©tabt toiitfyete bie $eft nnb auferfyafb berfel* 
 ben (28. 6.) ber geinb. 2. (Er erfyielt bie 33elo()ttung fraft eined 
 33efef)ld ber Sfiegiernna,. 3. £)bert)cilb ber 53riicfe auf bem 33ergc 
 ftel)t ein prad)tia,ed (£d)fo§. 4. 2>or ben 3^^en bed Slbrabam fd)on 
 n?ar $r)rnd laut bed 3™$™^ ^ er ^rtft eine rei $e ©tabt* 5. 
 liefer Wann ift voaljrenb feined a,an ( $en £ebend nie franf gercefen. 
 6. Unweit bed ©tabtdjend Urad) in <Sdnt>aben tiegt bad <2djIo§ 
 ober ttielmeftr bie dluim £oben=Urad). 7. Untertyalb bed gtdjtel* 
 berged im facbftfd)en (Sr^gebirge licgt SBicfentfyal. 8. Sftcm tter* 
 ad)tet fcinen 33 aunt rpegen feiner unfd)einbarcn 33Iiirtje, toenn er 
 feiner grncbt fyalber (2.) 3n fdjafcen ift 9. Die Stubirenben \oU 
 ten urn bed 3 lpe ^f^ nriflcn fid) and) ein befcbvt>er(id)ed Wittel gefal- 
 len laffen. 10. Ungeadjtet ber T)unfeU)ctt l)abe id) tf)n erfannt. 
 
234 LESSON 49. 
 
 11. SInftatt beg £errn tarn ber Wiener. 12. 3nnerf)a[b ber $o= 
 larfretfe l)errfd)t bie grogte 55erfd)tet>en^eit in ber Sageglange. 
 13. 3et>er <ftituftter oebarf aufjerer 3?ifyn, ttermittelg bcren er 
 bag, wag in U)m t>ora,el)t, 2lnbern mittfyeilr. 14. Dte ^aber ber 
 Hafdjenuljren merben mittelft einer $ebcr in 23ewe v quna, gefefct. 
 15. ©egeniiber ber eigcntlicfyen ©tabt .ftonfianttnopel liegen nod) 
 grcei anbere <3tabte ; namlicfy, jenfeit beg 23ogporug, (Scutari, unb 
 btegfeitg, auf ber europatfefyen ©eire, $era. 16. SSermiigc ibrer 
 ©djtoew unb Glafttjitat briicft bie Suft auf afte jlorper nad) jeber 
 9tid)tun$. 17. (&cl)v x>tele lefen nur ber 3^ftreuung fyalber. 18. 
 £ie Sltfyener marten ben Solon it>ea,en feiner grofjen SBeigfyeit jum 
 ©efefjgeber. 19. Der £unb unttert fdjon von feme bag 2Gilb »er* 
 ntoa,e feincg feinen ©erucfcgftnng. 20. 2)er oitbenbe jlunftfcr foU 
 ftd) innerfyalb ber (53ren3en beg Scfyonen fatten. 21. SDitt £iilfe 
 ber fofgenben SSerfe !ann man bie $rapoftttonen, mld)t ben ©ent* 
 tts regieren, Ietd)t bent ©ebadjtnijfe einpragen : 
 
 ttnroeit, mittelfr, fraft unb ttdljrenb, 
 £aut, sermoge, ungead)tet, 
 Dfeerljatb unb unterljalfr, 
 Snnerljalb unb aujierfjatb, 
 2>te3feit, jenfeir, Ijalben, roegen, 
 (Statt, and) langs, jufofge, trofc 
 
 ©teijen mtt bem ©eniffo, 
 £>ber auf bie ftrage tueffeit ? 
 £>od) tft Ijter ntd)t $u ttcrgeflen, 
 2)a& bet biefen le£ten 2)rei 
 Stud) ber Satto rid)tig fet." 
 
 Exercise 108. 
 
 1. Notwithstanding all warnings in reference to the dangers 
 still he ventured it. 2. By means of continued physical efforts 
 we inure our bodies to hardships. 3. The servant came in- 
 stead of my friend. 4. The pestilence raged within the 
 entire country. 5. That which lies on this side of the river 
 belongs to the rich merchants, and that which lies on the 
 other side, to poor fishermen and day-laborers. 6. I did not 
 visit him on account of (2.) his wealth or his fame. 7. He 
 received this reward by command of the king. 8. We saw the 
 black clouds above the city. 9. For the sake of (3.) his poor 
 mother he still remained in his native country. 10. Notwith- 
 standing the deep snow and the cold weather he went. 11. The 
 
PREPOSITIONS WITH THE GENITIVE. 235 
 
 building stands below the city. 12. The castle lay upon lofty 
 rocks, not far from the sea. 13. The celebrated Warrnbrunn is 
 in Germany, near the Riesengebirge (Giant-Mountains). 14. He 
 can accomplish it by means of his friends. 15. He accomplished 
 it by dint of his diligence. 16. He saw his friend during his jour- 
 ney. 17. He is so sad on account of the death of his friend. 
 18. Within a few years remarkable changes have occurred in 
 several European states. 19. We saw a narrow path before us, 
 by means of which we soon arrived at human habitations. 
 
 GkammatffdjeS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. 9lttftlttt may be divided, <&tdtt resuming its original 
 character as a noun : 
 
 (£r bient an feineS Setters ©tott or art* He serves in his father's stead or 
 fktt feineS StoterS. instead of his father. 
 
 2. $1111), IjallJen, or IjttlBcr follow the noun governed by 
 them • Uttgcadjtct and tocgcit may precede or follow : 
 
 9ctd)t be<3 Setfptcld tjaifcen, fonberrt ber Not on account of the example, but 
 §)fltd)t tr.eo.crt foil mart in ber ©efefl* on account of duty should one be 
 
 fdjaft t)6f(td) fete, polite in society. 
 
 3. The genitive, when governed by Uttt — totHctt, is placed 
 between them : 
 
 Urn feined greunbeS roiHert Ijat er eS He did (has done) it for the sake of 
 getljatt. his friend. 
 
 4. SBegctt, preceded by tlOtt, had formerly a substantive use j 
 hence certain expressions like the following still occur : 
 
 Sort 9ta$tt ttegcrt. On account of justice. 
 
 ®d>t SRcdjcnfdjaft sort tt>egcn beS tter= Give account of (in reference to) the 
 Qpff'ncn 23IuteS. spilled blood. 
 
 5. ^allien, toCgCtt, tmffett are often compounded with pro- 
 nouns, 1 being substituted for the final r, or added after n : 
 
 9J?einettt>ea,en (instead of mctrter rocgert), for my sake. 
 <Setnct()atfren (instead of fetrtcr l)alf>en), for his sake. 
 Urn beffentrotUen (instead of urn beffert roitlert), for the sake of whom (which). 
 
236 
 
 LESSON 50. 
 
 Seltion 50. Lesson 50. 
 
 GENITIVE CASE. ADJECTIVES WITH THE GENITIVE. 
 
 mindful, remembering. 
 
 Adjectives with 
 
 for, bare, destitute. 
 
 fceburftig, in want. 
 
 fregtertg, desirous, keen. 
 
 bettotfngt, needing. 
 
 benwjjt, aware. 
 
 Mo§, naked, bare. 
 
 etngebenf 
 
 gebenf, 
 
 fret, free. 
 
 fror), glad. 
 
 gefldnbtg, confessing. * 
 
 gettHtrttg, expecting. 
 
 gewifl, sure, certain. 
 
 fyabf)aft, getting possession of. 
 
 funbig, having knowledge. 
 
 lebtg, free, single, void. 
 
 mad)ttg, master of. 
 
 quirt, clear, rid. 
 
 fdntlbtg, guilty, indebted. 
 
 ftd)er, sure, certain. 
 
 t&eilfcaft, 
 
 tfjettbaftig, 
 
 ukrbruffig, disgusted. 
 
 participant, sharing. 
 
 the Genitive. 
 
 imfceroujjt, unaware. 
 
 imetttgebenf, regardless. 
 
 unfding, unable, incapable. 
 
 angetuofmt, unaccustomed. 
 
 imfunbig, having no knowledge. 
 
 urttbettfeaft, having no share. 
 
 unttertf), unworthy. 
 
 imttwrbtg, unworthy. 
 
 »erbdd)ttg, suspected. 
 
 fcerlufttg, having lost. 
 
 ttott, full. 
 
 ttiirbtg, worthy. 
 
 anftcfyttg, having a sight of. (See 1.) 
 
 fdfytg, capable. 
 
 gettafyr, aware. 
 
 gerooljnt, accustomed. 
 
 leer, empty, void. 
 
 lo3, free, rid. 
 
 miibe, tired, weary. 
 
 fatt, satiated. 
 
 trertf), worth, worthy. 
 
 jufrieben, contented. 
 
 Setfjueie. 
 
 ®te SSctt ift »eflet SBtbtrfprudj. 
 
 <Sie()t man am £aufe bod) beutlid), tre§ 
 
 (Sinned ber £err IfL 
 Reiner greunbfcfyaft btfl bit auttt. 
 SBtr fmb unfereS Sevens md)t ftdjer. 
 <E3 tit nid)t ber $ebe ttertfc. 
 £ettte, bte etne grope SBoMtfjat gteid) oljne 
 
 Sebenfen annefymen fonnen, ftnb ber 
 
 SSobttbat felten rcitrbig. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The world is full of contradictions. 
 
 One readily sees by the house what 
 the taste of the master is. 
 
 Of my friendship you are rid. 
 
 We are not sure of our life. 
 
 It is not worth speaking of. 
 
 Feople who can at once, without 
 hesitation, accept a great kind- 
 ness, are seldom worthy of the 
 kindness. 
 
GENITIVE CASE. ADJECTIVES WITH THE GENITIVE. 
 
 237 
 
 SBbrtertierjeidjmf;. 
 
 $et ©etjige, -n, pi. -n, miser. 
 
 2)er ©oril'la, -$, pi. -3, gorilla. 
 
 £>er £aber, -&, quarrel. 
 
 2)er sprotejtont', -en, pi. -en, protestant. 
 
 £>er ©inn, -e3, pi. -e, sense, niind. 
 
 $te Sejtfmmung, -, pi. -en, destina- 
 tion. 
 
 2)te ®efangenfd)Ctft, - pi. -en, imprison- 
 ment. 
 
 £>ie $rone, -e, pi. -n, crown. 
 
 2)ie ©tarfe, - strength (jlarf, stark). 
 
 Die ©telle, -, pi. -n, place. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 £>ie ttefcerettung, -, pi. -en, precipitation. 
 $ag (£nbe, -$, pi. -n, end. 
 £)a3 ©tabtleben, -3, city-life, e = i. 
 £>a3 SSerke'cfyen, -3, pi. -, crime. 
 £>a3 23erfpre'd)en, -3, pi. - promise. 
 5ln»ertrauen, intrust (tvauen, trow), 
 ©antigen, tame, restrain. 
 Sefyal'ten, retain, hold, a = o ; t = d. 
 (Erroet'cfyen, soften (ttetdj, weak, d) = k). 
 Sebergeit, at every time (3eit, tide), 
 ©erlutn'gen, to pass away, spend. 
 SSerfyaften, to arrest. 
 
 gmnbert unto ncuttte tofgaBc. 
 
 1. SMefer $ag mar eg, urn bejfentmiflen er $rone nnb Seben tern 
 nntrenen dMiicfe ansertraute. 2. SBenn ba3 $ferb feiner (Starfe 
 bemn§t mare, fiinnte e3 9Jtemanb banbigen. 3, 9ttand)er 9)ienfd) 
 tterbringt fein Seben uneingebenf feiner emtgen Seftimmnng. 4. 
 £)ie eingefangenen ©oritlad, an ©efangenfd)aft nidjt gemofynt (2.), 
 fterben febr rafd). 5. SBabrenb meineS SJufentijalte^ in ,ftoln 
 murbe id) beS ©tabtlebena ganj iiberbritjfig. 6. Urn feineS Waters 
 millen befyalt er biefe ©telle, obgteid) er einer bejfern mitrbig ift. 
 7. 3d) bin be$ %cUn$ nnb beS £errfd)ens miibe. 8. X)er .ftonig 
 (Jrtebrid) ber ©roge) mtb bie ^aiferin (9Jkria Jljerefta), be$ Ian* 
 gen £aber3 miibe, crmcidncn tfyren fyarten ©inn nnb mad)ten enb* 
 lid) ^riebe. 9. ®egen (Snbe ber erften £alftc be3 bretfngjafyrigen 
 •ftriegetf rtefen bie 3>roreftanren, ber Jpxitfc gegen ben $aifer bebiirf* 
 tig, ben .ftimig tton ©djmeben nad) £)eutfd)(anb.. 10. 3d) mar 
 meincr ©inne nidjt mcicfyrig. 11. @ei immer meineS 23cfel)te3 
 g'eiiuirtig. 12. £)er ^ernrtbeilre ift be3 $erbred)en3 nid)t geftanbtg. 
 13. 3eber$ett mar id) meincs 3?erfpred)en3 eingebenf. 14. 3)er 
 tapfcre $efl ift frei nnb feine3 2lrme3 madjttg. 15. ^ein ©eiaiger 
 !ann feineS 2cben3 frofy merben. 16. 9tid)t beS (Sd)merte$ gemofynt 
 ijt biefe Jpanb. 1 7. ftonnt iljr nn3 einen 9Jiann nennen, ber biefer 
 mtlben ©egenb fnnbig ift ? 18. (Sr ift feine Uebereilung gn fpat 
 
238 LESSON 50. 
 
 gewatyr (1.) getoorben. 19. ^raft femes $mt£ uertjaftete er Wit, 
 tie er be3 33errat()3 tterbiiefytig fyielt. 20. 3ft bcin 23rut>er betner 
 £iilfe bebiirfttg, fo frage nidjt, ob er berfelben md) roitrbig ifi. 
 
 Exercise 110. 
 
 1. This young stranger is worthy of a better situation. 
 2. During the cold weather we remained at home. 3. He has 
 taken your hat instead of his cap. 4. Those people are desti- 
 tute of money and in want of help. 5. They are not tired 
 of (1.) walking, but they are weary of the road. 6. This is a 
 labor to which I am entirely unaccustomed, and I do it only, 
 because I am in want of money. 7. Men often become guilty 
 of a crime, because they owe much money. 8. I am sure of 
 his innocence, for I know that he is not capable of such a crime. 
 9. No man who is mindful of his destiny becomes tired of his 
 life. 10. Our friends live within the city. 11. During our 
 sojourn in Berlin my friend became master of the language. 
 12. For his friend's sake he remains here, although he is tired 
 of city-life. 13. He is aware of his strength, sure of his aim, 
 and certain of his cause. 14. This scholar is in want of money 
 and in need of good books. 15. By virtue of his office he has 
 arrested the criminal. 16. He is not free from prejudice. 
 17. I owe no man money ; I am guilty of no crime. 18. His * 
 rank has been declared forfeited. 19. This man is strongly 
 suspected of theft. 20. Accustomed to ride, I soon became 
 tired of walking. 
 
 ©rammatiftjel. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Adjectives anfidjttg, fctytg, getoaljr, getooljttt, leer, 
 U$, miibe, fatt, uttgetooljttt, toertf), and jufrtefocn are also used 
 
 with the accusative : 
 
 Snblid) bin id) eg log gettorben. Finally I have got rid of it. 
 
GENITIVE CASE. ADJECTIVES WITH THE GENITIVE. 239 
 
 2. Some of the Adjectives which govern the genitive are 
 frequently used with prepositions : 
 
 1. gc&Jflljtti and UtX with att : 
 
 £)etn £erj roar on 2Biinfd)en leer. Thy heart was free from wishes. 
 
 2. Begtcrtg with auf or natlj : 
 
 9luf Sloenreuer (or nad) 2loenieuern) oeajerig. Desirous of adventures. 
 
 3. frol) with iiBer : 
 
 3d) otn frol) iiber fetn ©lud\ I am glad of his prosperity. 
 
 4. &fo§, fret, kbig, leer, lo§, boll with don : 
 
 SBoljl bem, ber fret »on (Bcftulb unb Happy for him who, free from guilt 
 gefyle fceroal)rt bie finblid) reine and error, preserves the childlike 
 
 (Seele ! pure soul 1 
 
 5. fafjig and tmfttljtg with ju : 
 
 <5ie ftnb ju allem 33ofen fa^ig. They are capable of everything bad. 
 
 3. 3d)ltiui|] with the genitive signifies guilty ; in the sense 
 of indebted, it takes the signification of a verb which governs 
 the dative of a person and the accusative of a thing : 
 
 (Er iji geroip fetned 25erbred)end fdjulbto,. He is certainly not guilty of any crime. 
 (Er ijr mir einen ©ulben fcfyulbig. He owes me a florin. 
 
 4. A noun used without an attribute, when governed by tJfltf, 
 frequently omits the genitive-ending : 
 
 (Sin ©lad ttofl SSetn. A glass full of wine. 
 
 Gin ©lad soil edjten SBetned. A glass full of excellent wine. 
 
 Instead of the form feoH, that of softer is sometimes used : 
 (Er roar roller $reube. He was full of joy. 
 
 5. JEBcftlj with the geniti ve answers to worthy ; with the 
 accusative, to worth : 
 
 (Er i)t aller (Elntn roertf). He is worthy of all honor. 
 
 (Ed ift fetnen ©rofd)en roertl). It is not worth a groat (about 2 cts.). 
 
 In referring to one's wealth, retdj is employed : 
 
 6r ijl Ijunberttaufenb ©ulben reidt>. He is worth 100,000 florins. 
 
240 
 
 LESSON 51. 
 
 6. The Genitive, when used partitively, generally precedes 
 
 the governing word : 
 
 2)er Slrbeiter in bem SSetnfcerge bc$=* The laborers in the vineyard of 
 
 jenigen, ber ben lefcten &>$n ga&lt, him who gives the last reward 
 
 ftnb Skntge. are few. 
 
 7. The genitive ending of masculine and neuter nouns, when 
 governed by those denoting quantity, size, &c, and not qualified 
 by an adjective word, is usually omitted : 
 
 gin ©taS Staffer. A glass of water. 
 
 Sin ©tag fatten SBafferS, A glass of cold water. 
 
 Mtion 51. 
 
 Lesson 51. 
 
 GENITIVE CASE. VERBS WITH THE GENITIVE. VERBS WITH THE 
 GENITIVE OR ACCUSATIVE. 
 
 Transitive verbs governing the genitive of a thing and the accusative 
 
 anflagen, accuse, 
 fcelebren, instruct. 
 Beraubeit, bereave, 
 fcefdntlbigen, accuse, 
 bejei^en, accuse. 
 entl)ekn, exempt from. 
 entlebigen, set free, 
 ntatjnen, warn, 
 trofien, console. 
 
 of a person. 
 
 itberljeben, exempt. 
 »erftd)ern, assure, 
 ttertroften, inspire with 
 
 hope. 
 ttitrbigen, deign. 
 geifjen, accuse, 
 entbinben, release. 
 entblo§en, uncover, 
 entfteiben, divest. 
 
 entlaben, discharge, 
 entlajfen, dismiss, 
 entfe^en, displace, 
 entroobnen, disuse, 
 etttlafien, unburden. 
 loSfpredjen, acquit, 
 ubcrfu^ren, convict, 
 itkrjeugen, convince. 
 ijerftd^ern, assure, ascertain. 
 
 Beflexive verbs with the genitive. 
 
 ftd) abtfjun, forswear, 
 ftd) anmajjen, usurp. 
 ftd) annel)men, protect. 
 fid) kbienen, avail. 
 fid) kflet&en,' } apply 
 fid) befletfugen, tone's self, 
 ftd) begeben, yield up. 
 ftd) kmad)ttgen, seize. 
 
 fid) kbenfen, bethink 
 
 one's self. 
 ftd) kfd)etben, concede. 
 ftd) kftimen, consider. 
 ftd) Mften, boast 
 
 (bristle), 
 ftd) entailment, abstain, 
 fid) entbloben, dare. 
 
 ftd) enfbredjen, forbear. 
 ftd) entbalten, abstain. 
 fid) entfd)lagen, get rid of. 
 fid) entfinnen, remember, 
 fid) erfcarmen, pity, 
 ftd) erfred)en, presume. 
 ftd) erfreuen, enjoy. 
 fid) erfyolen, recover. 
 
GENITIVE CASE. 
 
 241 
 
 fid) erinnern, recollect, 
 fid) erfiii)nen, dare, 
 ftd) crlebigen, get rid. 
 fid) errcebjen, keep off. 
 fid) freuen, rejoice, 
 fid) getr often, be assured, 
 fid) rujjmen, boast, 
 fid) fd)dmen, be ashamed. 
 
 fid) irberljekn, boast, 
 fid) unterfangen, attempt, 
 fid) unterftel)eu, dare, 
 fid) unterroinben, venture. 
 fid) Derantroorten, excuse, 
 fid) »ergeroiffern, assure 
 one's self. 
 
 fid) ttermcffen, vaunt, 
 fid) »erfe(jen, expect, 
 fid) tierrounbern, be aston- 
 ished, 
 fid) roebjen, resist, 
 fid) roeigern, decline, 
 fid) rounbern, wonder at. 
 
 Verbs with the genitive or accusative. 
 
 bebitrfett, need, 
 begebjen, desire. 
 braud)en, need. 
 entbe()rcn, lack. 
 entrat()en, dispense with. 
 
 errodfynen, mention, 
 geniepen, enjoy, 
 geroabjen, perceive, 
 pflegen, take care of. 
 fdjonen, spare. 
 
 serfeljlen, miss, 
 ttergeffen, forget. 
 tt>ctl)rcn, preserve, 
 erinctngeln, lack. 
 
 Seifjitcfe. 
 
 <Sd)dme bid) nid)t ber ©parfamfcit. 
 3Ref)r, aU je, l)ebt tyn baS ©lucf, benft 
 
 feincr altert greunbe ber Sbjen* 
 
 mantt. 
 D, fd)onet ntein ! 
 
 ©entcfe be# £eben3, aber mit (Sbjen. 
 (Er freut fid) feljr bariiber. 
 (Er entbjelt fid) beS 93Jetn<3 unb after 
 
 frarfett ©etrdnfe. 
 2Bobl bent, ber ftd) be$ 2)iirftigen an* 
 
 mmmt ! 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Be not ashamed of frugality. 
 
 More than ever, if prosperity elevates 
 him, does the man of honor re- 
 member his old friends. 
 
 O, spare me ! 
 
 Enjoy life, but with honor. 
 
 He rejoices greatly at it. 
 
 He abstained from wine ana all 
 strong drinks. 
 
 Happy he who protects the needy ! 
 
 28ortert)er$etd)ttt&. 
 
 £er Summer, -$, grief. 
 £>er SebenSroanbcl, -$, conduct. 
 2)er fflaub, -$, robbery. 
 Tier dauber, -3, pi. -, robber. du=o. 
 £)er SBieljijdrtMer, -S, pi. -, drover. 
 Sie $reifpred)img, -, pi. -en, acquittal. 
 £)ie $reunbfd)aft, - pi. -en, friendship. 
 £)ie £offmtng, -, pi. -en, hope, f = p. 
 2)ie i { anbftra§e, -, pi. -n, highway 
 (straet. a = ee ; jj = t). 
 16 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 £)ie 0Jebe, -, pi. -n, speech, language. 
 
 Die <3orge, -, pi. -n, sorrow, p. 27. 
 
 5lnroefenb, present. 
 
 Slufforbern, invite (ferbern, further). 
 
 Slugenblicflidj, instantly. 
 
 33etteln, beg. 
 
 (Erfldren, declare. 
 
 Sebod)', howev r er, though, b = th. 
 
 Irauern, to mourn. 
 
 Unfd)u(big, innocent. 
 
242 LESSON 51. 
 
 v gunbert unb elfte 5dtfgaBc. 
 
 I, <5ie erimtern ftd) it>ol)l nodj beg jungen Cannes, ber tm 
 ttorigen 3al)xe beg $aubeg angeflagt mar. 2. Sr mar befd)ulbigt, 
 einen reidien SMebbanbler auf ber Sanbftrage feineg ©elbeg beraubt 
 gu 1)aben. 3. Wan fonnte i()n jebod) biefed 23erbred>eng ntd>t iibcr=- 
 fiibren. 4. Gr I>atte fid) bereitg atter £offnung einer greifpredntng 
 begeben unb ftd) beg ©ebanfeng entfd)lagen, alg unfcfyulbig erflart 
 gu roerben. 5. £)er 9tid)ter jebod) entbob t()n alter ©orge. 6. 
 9iad)bem er ben Stngeflagren aufgefovbert botte, guteg 9)htrl)eg ju 
 fein, unb ftd) alleg itummerg gu entfcfylagen, erflarte er : „3d) bin 
 ber pollen 9)ieinung, bag man biefen jungen SRann ntd)t beg $au= 
 beg be$iid)tigen !ann. 7. Denn nid)t 3eber, ber fid) beg 33etteln$ 
 fdjamt unb alter 9ftittel entblb'gt ijl, nnrb ein dauber. 8. 3$ mill 
 feineg guten 23etrageng gefcfymeigen, benn er fycit ftdj immer iin^ 
 orbentlid)en £ebengn>anbelg befliffen. 9. 3d) erinnere eucb aber 
 ber Sfyaren im (ebten ^riege, beren er fid) mit 9M)t riil)men faun. 
 10. greuet euc^ feiner greifpredjung unb miirbiget ifyn eurer 
 greunbfcbaft. 11. ©pottet feiner nicfyt, rceif er tm ^erfer mar, 
 fonbern erbarmet eud) melmefyr feiner unb gebenfet feiner Seiben. 
 12. 3eber, ber feiner lad)t, fd)amc ftd) feineg 23errageng." 13. 
 2MIe $(nn?efenben freuten ftd) biefer 9ffrbe, unb man entlebigte ben 
 2lngefd)ulbigten augenbltdlidj feiner $ejfe(n. 
 
 Exercise 112. 
 
 1. He often thinks of thee, bat them he has forgotten. 
 2. Among others he mentioned his cousin. 3. Do not forget 
 the poor while you are enjoying so many pleasures. 4. He 
 who ridicules the poor shows a bad heart. 5. Never forget the 
 love and kindness of those who instructed you in your youth. 
 G. Your friend does not need your assistance. 7. The old 
 soldier boasts of his valiant deeds. 8. Do you remember the 
 promise that you gave mel 9. I do not remember that I gave 
 you a promise. 10. He has been convinced of his error, but 
 convicted of no crime. 11. The tyrant avails himself of his 
 
VERBS WITH THE GENITIVE OR ACCUSATIVE. 243 
 
 power. 12. An honest man would be ashamed of such an 
 action. 13. Do you remember the old gentleman with whom 
 we travelled from Berlin to Bremen'? 14. Yes, I still remem- 
 ber him. 15. It is difficult to remember the rules of a foreign 
 language. 16. I remember the man who accused your servant 
 of the robbery. 17. We rejoice to leave the country of the 
 tyrant. 1 8. Our enemies have robbed us of our money, "but 
 they cannot rob us of our honor. 19. The happy parents 
 greatly rejoiced to see their child again. 20. He remembers 
 still the happy days when he went to school. 
 
 ©rammatifdjcS. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The following transitive verbs, governing the genitive of 
 a thing, and the accusative of a person, are often used with tJfllt j 
 thus, also, fid) CUtfjaltClt, abstain from : 
 
 enunnben, entlabcn, entlaften, ukrfitfyren, 
 
 ent&li>i$en, entlaffen, enttDofynen, uberjeugen, 
 entfleibcn, entfejjen, loSfprecfyen, »crftd)ern. 
 
 2Btr finb wn feiner Unfdjulb iibcrjeugt. We are convinced of his innocence. 
 
 2. 9WaIjttctt is often used with tttt ; Mdjrcn, fidj edJarmcn, 
 fid) frcuett, fidj fdjamcn, and fid) ttmnbern with iikr; bcrtrfc 
 (ten, fid) kfimtcn, and fid) fatten with cuf : 
 
 <5te tnalmten tljn an feme <3d)ulb. They dunned him for his debt. 
 
 (£r raunberte fid) nid)t ttenta, itfcer btefe He wondered not a little at this 
 
 9kd)rid)t. news. 
 
 SBefinne bid) barauf. Think of it. 
 
 Stdj ftCllCtt ttltf, to rejoice, (in anticipation of), applies only to future 
 events : 
 
 <Ste frcute fidj cwf ben 23efud) ifyrer She rejoiced in (the idea of) her 
 £antc. aunt's visit. 
 
 3. (&$ gcliifict (or el liiftct), c$ jammert, cl rcuct, c§ loljnt 
 
 fidj, also take a genitive with the accusative : 
 
 Safrtt ftd) 1 S ber Wlty p I;offeri unb &u Is it worth the trouble to hope and 
 ftreben? to strive ? 
 
244 LESSON 51. 
 
 Itnb ba cr bad 2}otf falj, jammerte (44. 2.) But, when he saw the multitudes, 
 tfjn bedfelfcen. he was moved with compassion 
 
 on them. 
 
 @$ 0Cftiflet is sometimes used with natfj : 
 SBemt bid) fo nad) ftampfen liifiete (44. 2.). If you longed so for contests. 
 
 4. 9ldjtett, toaljrcit, and tottljrttcljmctt govern the gen. or ace; 
 ■with the pen. they signify observe, pay attention, mind ; tttfjtcit, 
 respect, UiafjmcfjUtcn, perceive, and luartctt, nurse, govern the 
 ace. : 
 
 3d) ad)te tf)n ; id) ac^te feiner. I respect him ; I attend to him. 
 
 With CUf, adjtCtl signifies to pay attention to, observe ; and tUartCU, with 
 Oltf, to wait for : 
 
 3d) ad)te auf bad, tt)ad er fagt. I attend to what he is saying. 
 
 <5ie ttarten auf und. They are waiting for us. 
 
 5. §ttrrCtt governs the gen. or is followed by the ace. with 
 auf : 
 
 2Bir barren betner (or auf bid)). We wait for thee. 
 
 6. ©cbcnfCtt governs the gen. or is followed by the ace. with 
 
 an: 
 
 ©ebenfe meiner (or an mid)). Think of (remember) me. 
 
 7. %aa)ctl, fatten, and toafteit govern the gen. or are fol- 
 lowed by the ace. with iilier : 
 
 (£r fpottct if>rer (or iiber fte). He mocks (derides) them. 
 
 (£d jtnb nid)t aUt fret, bte iljrer $ertcn They are not all free who deride 
 fpotten. their chains. 
 
 8. Many other verbs and adjectives were formerly followed 
 by the genitive, which in some phrases is still employed : 
 
 @ic flerfcen £ungerd. They are dying of hunger. 
 
 <Ste finb bed 9)reifed eimg. They are agreed as to the price. 
 
 £ter tjt rrtetned Sfetfeend md)t. Here is not my abiding-place. 
 
 Sftan Ijar iljn bed Sanbed fcernriefen. He has been banished the country. 
 
 Verbs governing the gen., when used passively, take the impersonal form : 
 £>einer rctrb nod) gebad)t. You are still remembered. 
 
DATIVE CASE. 
 
 245 
 
 Mtion 52. 
 
 Lesson 52. 
 
 DATIVE CASE. PREPOSITIONS WITH THE GENITIVE AND DATIVE. 
 ADJECTIVES WITH THE DATIVE. 
 
 §)reifenb waflten fie bann entlang bent 
 
 frummen ©ejlabe. 
 (Set beinen $reunbett ergekn unb beinen 
 
 B'einben (jeffifltfj. 
 3eber red)tltd)e SWann tfl bent ©uten 
 
 geneigt unb bent 335 fen afrgeneigt. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Praising they wandered then along 
 
 the crooked shore. 
 Be devoted to your friends and 
 
 obliging to your enemies. 
 Every upright man is inclined to (the) 
 
 good and disinclined to (the) evil* 
 
 28ortert)crsctdjttt&. 
 
 $er <5onnenfd)ctn, -3, sunshine. o = u. 
 
 £)er Sabel, -4, blame. 
 
 2)ie $alfd)f)eit, - pi. -en, falsehood. 
 
 2)ie SriifclingSfelume, -, pi. -n, vernal- 
 flower. 
 
 £ie ©egenttart, - presence. 
 
 £ie £eud)clet', - pi. -en, dissimulation. 
 
 £>ie SWtttttrfung, - co-operation. 
 
 £)ie Quelle, -. pi. -n, spring. 
 
 $tt$ Sob, -ed # praise. 
 
 £>a$ 3Bad)3tt)um, -d, growth (toadtfen, 
 wax). 
 
 Sl&reifen, depart (retfen, rise, et = i). 
 
 STntctdjen, smile upon (Iad)en, laugh). 
 
 2lnlangen, arrive. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 58egrit'§en, greet, it = ee ; f? = t. 
 2)icnlid), serviceable, 
 ©eftor'fctm, obedient, 
 ©cftofyttt', accustomed, wont. 
 ■Setter, cheerful. 
 £tnberttd), hindering. 
 <3d)mad)ten, long for. 
 ©d)mctd)ctfyaft, flattering. 
 <3d)5pfen, draw, scoop. fd) = sc; \>f= 
 thwrge&ltd), memorable. 
 SSer^apt', hated. § = t. 
 $erpf!td)ten, oblige ($flid)t, plight). 
 SBibrig, repulsive. 
 
 3ufel)en, look at (gu, to ; fetyen, see). 
 3utragltd), advantageous. 
 
 §unbcrt unb bret$eljnte 5(ufpue. 
 
 1. 2Bir fegelten \an$$ (1.) bes Ufer3, bis ttir an ber Stabt an* 
 langten. 2. £rot3 (2.) after $3arnungen »or ben ©efafyren toagte 
 er ed bennotf). 3. Diefcm 53efeht gufolge (4.) ift er Qhify abgeretfh 
 4. Sin gutess $inb ift fctncn (SItent a,el)orfam unb banfbar. 5. 
 Da3 Sftaud)en ift benen unangcnefym, bic e$ nicfyt gen>o()nt ftnb. 
 6. 9ftir ift e£ lieu, bag id) bir in biefer ©acfye niifclid) fein fann. 
 
246 LESSON 52. 
 
 7. T)a$ better wax un$ geflerit fefjr giinfti^ 8. 2Bas itjn euc^ 
 nnbrig, mad)t, mad)t mir tl)it wertf). 9, 33iele3, roa$ una nidjt 
 gefa()rltd> ift, ift unS bod) fefyr lajttg. 10. 9tid)t3 ift mir fo fc^r 
 »crl)a§t, ati galfdjfyett unb £eud)elei. 11, @6 ift mir un&ergejj* 
 ltd), wie febr id) bir ^erpflicijtet bin. 12. Den (Solbaten war bas 
 Sob ifyreS serefyrten gelbfyerrn fcbmeid)elfyaft. 13. Diefcr 2(uf* 
 entfyalt ift U)in faft unertraglid) geworben. 14. £abel unb Sob 
 finb bcm 9??enfd)en, \va$ (Sturm unb ©onnenfdjein bem 2Ba$$* 
 tbum ftnb. 15. 3d) wotjm foi meinem £)t)eim. 16. 9cad) bir 
 fd)mad)t' idj, ju bir eiP id), bu geliebte Quelle bu ! aus bir fd)i>pp 
 id), bti bir rut)' idj, fetj' bem (Spiel ber Snellen ju ; mit bir fcfyera' 
 idj, son bir tern' idj fetter burd) ba$ Seben trallen, angelacbt »on 
 griU)(ing$bIumen unb begriigt son ^cacfytigatlen. 17. ^linber ftnb 
 getvofynlid) ifyren SItern afynlid). 18. £>ie ©egenwart biefeS 
 Cannes »«t ber ®efetlfdjaft unertraajidj. 19. Dem $ranfen 
 ftnb nur wenige (Speifen jutraglid). 20. (Bcint Sftttnurfung wax 
 mir mefyr fytnberlid), aH bienlid). 
 
 Exercise 114. 
 1. We walked along (2.) the shore of the Danube. 2. In 
 spite of his promise he did it nevertheless. 3. According to 
 the officer's command he remained. 4. These things may be 
 useful and agreeable to you, but they are very unpleasant to 
 me and injurious to my friends. 5. Every good man is grate- 
 ful to his benefactors. 6. This weather is very unfavorable to 
 us. 7. It is very unpleasant to me that I am obliged to remain 
 here so long. 8. Every good citizen is obedient to the just 
 laws of his country. 9. I am much obliged to you that you 
 have been useful to my friends in this matter. 10. The sol- 
 diers w^re with blind obedience devoted to their leader. 11. 
 The house No. 26 Colmar Street in Breslau is very similar to 
 the^ene in which you live. 12. No country in the world 
 is superior to ours. 13. The few friends that this man has 
 are very dear to him. 14. Many things are burdensome which 
 are not dangerous to us. 15. Those are to be called conscien- 
 
PREPOSITIONS WITH THE GENITIVE OR DATIVE. 247 
 
 tious who remain true to their convictions. 16. The praise 
 of a good man is very flattering to us. 1 7. He is gracious to 
 those who are obedient to him. 18. Is he at his brother's ? 
 19. No, he is at his aunt's. 20. The caterpillars are injurious 
 to the trees. 
 
 ©rammattfd)e§. Grammatical. 
 
 1. The Prepositions tfmgS, 0% tro^f, and jufofge govern the 
 genitive and dative ; etttfattg governs the genitive, dative, and 
 accusative (Prepositions with dat. only, L. 10. 1. ; with dot. and 
 ace, L. 25. 1.). 
 
 2. 8(Utg0, along, and tro£, in spite of, may be used with the 
 genitive or dative without a change of signification : 
 
 SangS fetneS BugeS bnrd) £)eutfd)lanb. Along his march through Germany. 
 benDSe|labe be$ WeereS. .Along the shore of the sea. 
 
 £ro£ beQ"ttbltcI)«t ©efdjiitJeS. In spite of the hostile artillery. 
 
 2)te £anb tft ffarf genua, tfjn gu erljalten This hand is strong enough to re- 
 trefc ftatfef n unb 2fltntftern. tain him ill spite of emperors and 
 
 ministers. 
 
 3. 06 sometimes answers to over, above, sometimes to at, on 
 account of, and may be used with the genitive or dative : 
 
 3d) falj ba<3 (Bdjtoert an ctnem £aare I saw the sword fastened by a hair 
 
 00 feiuem §<i\xW fd)toektt. hanging over his head. 
 
 Gntriiltet ftnb 1 id) fte 00 bem neuen ffte* I find them enraged at the new gov- 
 
 gimente. ernment. 
 
 Stile fflebltdjen beftagen fid) 00 btefeS All honest men complain on account 
 
 2anbttogt3 ®etj. of this governor's avarice. 
 
 3$t fetb tierttunbert 00 be3 fettfamen You are surprised at the strange 
 
 (*terdt!j3. instrument. 
 
 4. Sltfofgc, according to, in consequence of, preceding the 
 noun, governs the genitive ; following the noun, the dative : 
 
 3ufPl fl etoSeWM,and J ^ order 
 
248 
 
 LESSON 52. 
 
 5. (SitttfcRg, along, before the norm, governs the genitive, 
 dative, or accusative ; after the noun, the dative or accusative : 
 
 2$tr fatten ben flatten Sag gejagt tnU 
 
 long fccS ©albgebirgcS. 
 £od> roflten tie 2Bcgen cutlang t^r 
 
 ©lets. 
 fRaufdje ftlufi bag SJjal entlang ! 
 28tr rittcn bem lifer cntlang, or entlang 
 
 bem lifer. 
 
 6. The dative is governed 
 usually rendered by our object 
 times, by other prepositions : 
 
 2W bem armen Dpfcr, rocnn berfelOe 
 
 2ttunb, ber baS ©efefc ga&, and; ba3 
 
 Urt^eil fpric^t ! 
 (£3 ijt mir unscrgejjlid). 
 3 (mi rwr c£ I'cfannt. 
 SBenn bu ftcrbltd) btjr, rote id), unb 2Baf* 
 
 fen bid) scrnntnbcn, fo fann 1 6 and) 
 
 mcincm 2lrm kfd)icbcn fetn. 
 
 We had hunted all day along the 
 
 woody mountains. 
 High rolled the waves along their 
 
 course. 
 Rush, river, along the vale ! 
 We rode along the shore. 
 
 by many adjectives, and is then 
 ive preceded by to or for ; some- 
 Woe to the poor victim, if the same 
 mouth that gave the law also pro- 
 nounces the sentence ! 
 It is not-to-be-forgotten hy me. 
 To him it was known. 
 If thou art mortal like me and weap- 
 ons can wound thee, then it (i. e. 
 to wound thee) may also be alloted 
 to my arm. 
 
 7. The Personal Pronoun in the dative is often substituted 
 
 for the possesdve pronoun : 
 
 2tttr rojlen in beT £afle £elm imb <5d)ilb 
 (anftatr, mein £>elin, u. f. to.). 
 
 Wlan ftefyt bir 1 ^ an ben Slugen an, gettrip 
 tyajl bu gctoetnt. 
 
 My helmet and my shield are rust- 
 ing in the hall. 
 
 It is seen by your eyes you certainly 
 have cried. 
 
 8. The first and second persons of the personal pronoun in 
 the dative are often used to indicate, in an indefinite manner, 
 some special participation or sympathy on the part of the 
 individuals which they represent, in which use it does not 
 generally admit of translation : 
 
 ©riflen finb (£ud) fd)5ne <55afte ! The blues are fine guests (for you) ! 
 
 £>amatd roaren rotr Sir fe&j fcergnugt. At that time we were very joyous. 
 
 <£$ ftnb <£ud) gar rrofctge tfameraben. They are right insolent fellows (for 
 
 you). 
 
VERBS WITH THE DATIVE. 
 
 219 
 
 Mtkn 53. Lesson 53. 
 
 DATIVE CASE. VERBS WITH THE DATIVE. 
 
 ©eifjiicle. 
 
 Snblidj gelang e3 ftjm feinem $rennbe 
 
 bte Slugen ju offnen. 
 Jrauc tudjt jebem 3Renfd)en unb am atter=- 
 
 tvenigften benjenigen, bte bir fd)tnettf)eln. 
 3)i< (Ermafynung etned $rennbe3 gilt tntr 
 
 »iel, unb id) folge i&r gern. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Finally he succeeded in opening his 
 
 friend's eyes. 
 Trust not every one, and least of all 
 
 those who flatter thee. 
 The admonition of a friend is of much 
 
 value to me, and I follow it gladly. 
 
 Siirterticrjetdjmj!. 
 
 $er finger, -$, pi. - finger. 
 
 SDtr $rembe, -n, pi. -n, foreigner, 
 
 stranger. 
 $tC C£it3cnfd>aft, -, pi. -en, quality. 
 ©cifommen, get at (fret, by ; fommcn, 
 
 come). 
 Scfom'men, agree with the health. 
 Selci'btgen, offend. 
 (Eigenftnntg, obstinate, self-willed. 
 (gntlnitfen, unveil, manifest. 
 (Entjie'fjen, deprive. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 ©efcte'ten, command. 
 
 ®onnen, permit, not envy. 
 
 £elfcn, help, f = p. 
 
 9tadj<U)men, imitate. 
 
 5Ru0en, use, profit. 
 
 spaffcn fit. 
 
 9Utt)cn, to advise. 
 
 <3d)aben, injure, scathe, fd) = sc. 
 
 Ungemifdjt, unmixed, unalloyed. 
 
 23erge'f>en, forgive, e = i ; b = v. 
 
 3u %i)dl toerbcn, fall to one's lot. 
 
 gunbcrt unb funfjc^nte 9lufpfie. 
 
 1. 34 banfe 3t)ncn, bag (Sic mir gdjolfen l)auen. 2. @r reurbe 
 mir gerrt fdmben, wenn cr mir Bcifommcn fonntc. 3. Dtefer $ut 
 pa$t mir bcflcr, aid jcner. 4. SSSaS fet)(t 3^nen ? 5. (£0 fel)(t 
 mir Wdjts. 6. 3Der jhtafre Jjat jtcfy tit ben finger gefdjnitten. 
 7. Dtefem eigenfinnigen 9ftenfd>en ift ntdjt ^u tyelfen. 8. (£0 rfyut 
 mir fc()r teib, bag cr fid) met) Qettjan $at 9. (Er fd)abet unci unb 
 nit&t fid) nicbt. 10. .ftorper unb ©ttmme leifyt bic (Shrift bcm 
 jhimmcn OJcbanfcn. 11. SGarum ent3ter)t t()r end) meinem $)anf ? 
 12. Die Winter entt)ii(Icn nid)t gebenben (Eltcrn, fonbern a,ebenben 
 ^remben mefyr 2teBc. 13. 2)e3 2eBen3 ungemifdjte $reube marb 
 fetnem ©terblicfeen $u ZljtiL 14. ©ar letcftt gefyorcfyt man ctnem 
 
250 LESSON 53. 
 
 ebtett £errn, ber it&erjeugt, mbem er una geluetct. 15. 2$cm ntdjt 
 3U ratten ift, bem ijl aucfy nicfct ju fydfen. 16. (2d)tt?ere ©petfett 
 fcefommen bem $ranfen tttc^t gut 17. 2U)me 3ebem in guten 
 (£igenfd)aften ttad), roenn bu U)n and) nidjt ganj nadjafymen fannft, 
 ober nrifljh 18. @3 fdjmerjt mid), bajj ©ic glauben, id) Qonnt 
 3t)nen biefed SBergnugen nidjt 19. £r btente treu fetnem .ftimige 
 unb niifcte bem ^atertanb. 20. 3d) nmnfdjc, bag Side, bie won mir 
 fceleibigt $u fein glauben, mir »ergeben. 
 
 Exercise 116. 
 
 1. Why do you not answer (2.) him 1 2. I have answered 
 him, but he has not answered me. 3. They do not wish to 
 injure (3.) their friends. 4. He has assisted them, but they 
 will not assist him. 5. Will you not help this boy % he has 
 hurt himself. 6. The soldiers that adhered to the upstart bound 
 themselves to take part in the war. 7. He calls them obsti- 
 nate, because they oppose his designs. 8. I do not know what 
 ails those people. 9. This hat fits me better than the other 
 one. 10. He does not contradict them, though he thinks that 
 they are wrong. 11. When the king complained of certain 
 noblemen, nobody answered him. 1 2. It is my duty to obey 
 such men and to help them. 13. Do you succeed in learning 
 Spanish 1 ? 14. No, it does not suit me. 15. He commands 
 the knights to await his orders. 16. All the kings of Europe 
 did homage to the Spanish name. 17. He fulfilled my wish 
 when I had told him this story. 18. I took great pains to 
 explain it to him, but I did not succeed. 19. Did you keep 
 the promise that you gave me 1 20. Yes, I kept it ; I always 
 do as I promise. 
 
 ©rammatif^e§. Grammatical. 
 
 1. When the Dative and Accusative are both governed by 
 the same verb, the Dative answers to our objective governed by 
 a preposition : 
 
 (£r n<u)m e3 tt)nen tteg. He took it away from them. 
 
 ©tefer £ut gefyort mir. This hat belongs to me. 
 
VERBS WITH THE DATIVE. 
 
 251 
 
 2. Some verbs govern the dative of a person, whether fol- 
 lowed by an object in the accusative or not : 
 
 antttorten, answer. I banfen, thank. I rcttfjen, advise, 
 
 befefylert, command. | lofynen, reward, compensate. | ttdjren, forbid, &c. 
 
 2Ber roirb btr btefe Zljat lofjnen ? Who will reward you for this deed? 
 
 2Ber ttnrb bir lofynen ? Who will reward you ? 
 
 3. Many intransitive verbs construed with the dative answer 
 to the English transitive with the objective-: 
 
 fcegegnen, meet. 
 Mnigen, suit, 
 bienen, serve. 
 fet)lcn, lack. 
 fludjen, curse, 
 folgen, follow. 
 frofnven, distrain, 
 frommen, profit. 
 
 geMljren, to be proper, 
 gefatlen, please, 
 geljorcfyen, obey, 
 gereicfien, redound. 
 gletd)en, resemble. 
 Ijelfen, help. 
 
 ljulbtgen, render homage, 
 mcmgeln, lack. 
 
 nctfyen, approach. 
 nu£en, profit. 
 paffen, fit. 
 fd)aben, injure. 
 fd)tneid)eln, flatter, 
 trauen, trust. 
 tro£en, defy, 
 piemen, to be proper. 
 
 4. With the following impersonally used verbs, as also with 
 Cl tt)trb, it becomes, and C§ tft, it is, the dative is often rendered 
 by our nominative : 
 
 ti afjnet (Etnem, one has an impression. 
 e3 efelt (Stncm, one loathes. 
 e3 graut (Stnem, one dreads. 
 
 £6ret, roctS mtr gerrciumt $at. 
 $3 tturbe i§m angfh 
 
 e<2 fd)tmnbelt (Sinem, one is giddy. 
 e<3 bangt (Stnent, one is afraid. 
 e3 trdumt (Stnem, one dreams. 
 
 Hear what I have dreamed. 
 He became anxious. 
 
 5. Intransitive verbs governing the dative take, when used 
 passively, the impersonal form ; the logical subject being put 
 in the dative, in which position (as with the impersonal verbs, 
 see 4.) it is often rendered by the nominative : 
 
 (£3 fturbe ifjm (or ifjm ftitrbe) gefdjabet." He was injured. 
 
 6. Some verbs govern the dative or the accusative according 
 to their signification : 
 
 9Bir rtcfett tljnen, afcer fie fyorten unS We called them, but they did not 
 
 ntd)t. hear us. 
 
 2Bir riefert fte in bad £au§. "We called them into the house. 
 
252 LESSON 53. 
 
 7. $0f1ctt, cost, is generally used with a dative and accusative; 
 sometimes, however, with two accusatives : 
 
 £3 roitrbe $reif)eit nur unb £ct>en fojlen. It would cost me freedom and life. 
 So nntt td)^ aud) midi £rtta$ Fojlen laffen. So I '11 let it cost me something. 
 
 SBtcbcrljfllimg. Recapitulation. 
 
 Hundert und siebzehnte Aufgabe. 
 
 1. Der bestimmte Artikel wird im Deutschen angewandt vor den 
 Namen der Tage, Monate und Jahreszeiten, vor mannlichen und 
 weiblichen geographischen Namen, vor Eigennamen, wenn ihnen 
 Adjektive vorangehen, und vor Personennamen, die als Mitglieder 
 des Haushalt.es oder Bekannte des Sprechenden bezeiehnet werden 
 sollen. 2. Vor Hauptwortern, die ein Zeit- oder Grossenmass be- 
 zeichnen, bedient man sich im Deutschen des bestimmten Artikels, 
 wahrend im Englischcn der unbestimmte angewandt wird 3. Wenn 
 der Artikel in Verbindung mit beide, halb, so, solcher, oder zu 
 gebraucht wird, so wird er diesen Wortern vorangestellt. 4. Der 
 Artikel wird vor den Namen der Cardinalpunkte weggelassen, wenn 
 diese nur die Richtung bezeichnen sollen. 5. In Nebensatzen steht 
 das Yerb am Ende des Satzes. 6. In Hauptsatzen, die auf einen 
 Nebensatz folgen, oder mit einem anderen Worte als dem Subjekt 
 beginnen, geht das Verb dem Subjekt voran. 7. Adverbien werden 
 den Adjektiven und Adverbien, welche sie naher bestimmen, voran- 
 gestellt. 8. Adverbien folgen dem Verb, welches sie naher bestim- 
 men. 9. Urn einem Worte eine besondere Betonung zu- verleihen, 
 stellt man es haufig an die Spitze des Satzes. 10. Viele Adverbien 
 werden dadurch gebildet, dass man an den Stamm anderer Worter 
 ein s oder die Endsilben lich, lings oder warts anhangt. 11. Eine 
 grosse Anzahl Adverbien sind aus einer Zusammensetzung der Sub- 
 stantive Fall, Weise, Seite, u. s. f. mit anderen Wortern entstanden. 
 12. Her und hin behalten audi in Zusammensetzungen mit anderen 
 Wortern, wie da, hier, wo, u. s. f., ihre unterscheidende Bedeutung 
 bei. 13. Die Priipositionen halb, halben oder halber folgen dem 
 von ihnen regierten Substantiv ; ungeachtet und wegen stehen 
 bald voran, bald folgen sie ihm. 14. Die Adjektive bar, bedurftig, 
 u. s. f. (siehe Lektion 50) regiercn den Genitiv. 15. Die Adjektive 
 ansichtig, fahig, u. s. f. (50. 1.) werden entweder mit dem Genitiv 
 
INDEFINITE NUMERALS. 
 
 253 
 
 oder mit dem Akkusativ verbunden. 16. Einige dieser Adjektive 
 werden hiiufiger, anstatt mit dem Genitiv, mit einer Proposition ver- 
 bunden, und zwar : gewohnt und leer mit an ; begierig mit auf 
 oder nacli ; froh mit liber ; bloss, frei, ledig, leer, los und voll 
 mit von ; fahig und unfahig mit zu. 17. Schuldig regiert in der 
 Bedeutung von guilt ij den Genitiv ; in der Bedeutung von indebted 
 wird es mit dem Verb sein verbunden und wie ein Verb behandelt, 
 das den Dativ der Person und den Akkusativ der Sache regiert. 
 18. Weith regiert in der Bedeutung von worthy den Genitiv ; in der 
 Bedeutung von worth wird es mit dem Akkusativ verbunden. 19. 
 Ueber die Verben, die den Genitiv regieren, siehe Lektion 51. 20. 
 Die Priipositionen langs, trotz und zufolge regieren den Genitiv 
 oder Dativ; entlang, den Genitiv, Dativ oder Akkusa,tiv. 
 
 gcftimt 54. 
 
 Lesson 54. 
 
 INDEFINITE NUMERALS. 
 
 Scifjiiele. 
 
 Sue 2Bo$r$eit unb bte 9?ofe ftnb fefjr 
 
 fd)6n, afcer beibe fyafeen £>orncn. 
 3d) babe tint me mit trgenb etnent 2Borte 
 
 beleibigt. 
 Bitroeilen freffen bte 9ftenntf)tere md)t3 
 
 2lnbere$, aU Wloo*. 
 Crinncrc bid) ber melen SBoljtt&aten, bte 
 
 id) bir emneS. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 The truth and the rose are very 
 beautiful, but both have thorns. 
 
 I have never offended him by a 
 single word. 
 
 Sometimes the reindeer eats nothing 
 
 . but (else than) moss. 
 
 Remember the many benefits (favors) 
 that I conferred upon you. 
 
 SBbrtertterjctdjmp. 
 
 £er ®oben, -$, pi. Soben, ground ; 
 bottom, b = tt ; n = m. 
 
 £er 8d)ritt, -e* # pi. -e, step (stride). 
 
 £er <3d)iifc, ~e3, protection. 
 
 £>er llcberrotf, -e3, pi. -rMe, overcoat. 
 
 2>ic (Erfenntntfl, -, knowledge. 
 
 2)te $olge, - pi. -n, result (folgen, fol- 
 low). 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 2>jf (Settle, -, pi. -n, shell, a = e. 
 
 Die 2Btrtf)fd)aft, - pi. -en, housekeep- 
 ing. 
 
 2)00 Gtnfommen, -§, pi. - income. 
 
 $>a3 ©efmufe, -$, pi. - shell (£au$, 
 house). 
 
 3)a$ Seib, -e3, woe, pain. 
 
 %U tlb, as though. 
 
254 
 
 LESSON 54. 
 
 STngeborcn, inborn ; natural. 
 2Tnlad)etn, smile upon. 
 33etrad)'ten, view, consider. 
 £arbteten, offer (bieten, bid. ie=i). 
 ftcfrfttfcn, be fixed (fejt, fast ; ftfcen, 
 
 sit). 
 Jtolfartig, calcareous. 
 £etften, perform, do. 
 <&i<i) einftctlen, occur. 
 
 Sobalb, as soon as. 
 
 ©tetnarttg, stonelike. 
 
 ©titten, to quiet, still. 
 
 Ueberall, everywhere (iiber, over ; all, 
 
 all), 
 tlmfyertragen, carry about. 
 Unberoeglid), immovable. 
 UntevbrMen, suppress. 
 Burutftreten, withdraw. 
 
 §tmbert unb adjtjeljntc 5lufgaT&e. 
 
 1. 63 gibt wenige Ztute, bie mit SBenigem (18.) <oitt, a6er $iele, 
 tie mit SMelem taenia, fagen. 2. (Sin grower Sftann oraucbt itbetall 
 *tel Robert. 3. 2Hs ob fid) ®enie burd) irgenb fitroas in ber &>clt 
 unterbriiden liege. 4. £Ba6 (27. 7.) foil id) end) all ben jammer 
 unb all ba3 Scib eqafylen. 5. Gr liebt il)n iiber K6e4. 6. 23eibe$ 
 ereignete fid), unb bie fd)limmen golgen »on 33eibem ftellten fid) ein. 
 7. Dad better ift fd)on etroas falter geworben. 8. 21 tie finb fran! 
 unb 3^ber l)at eine anbere $ranft)ett. 9. liefer yjlann arbettet 
 ben ganjen Jag unb yerbient bod) nur febr roenig. 10. $icle 
 treten einen ©$ritt ^uriirf, fobalb fie feben, bag bid) bag ©litcf nid)t 
 meljr anladjelt 11. ^ennft bu irgenb 3cmanbcn, ber fo 2tma3 
 tl)un miirbe? 12. liefer Ueberrod ift mir ju ftein ; bringen @ie 
 mix einen anbern. 13. 3$ fyabe petite einige 33iid)er gefauft, aber 
 id) braud)e nod) einige. 14. SBenn nur aud) 2Ille3 betrad)tet fja* 
 ben, roaS bie Otatur un3 geigt; menu nur aud) 2l(Ic£ genoffen I)aben f 
 ttaS fie un$ barbietet ; foenn n?ir aud) titles geleiftet, n>a$ in il)rein 
 ©ebiet fid) thun lajjt — nnfer 2)urft nad) (Erfenntnig ift nodj tange 
 ntdjr geftillt ; nur febnen un3 nad> mel)r 2Bal)rl)eit unb $i$i 
 15. (Sinige 3^feften ftnb mit finer falfartigen ©djale bebetft ; nur 
 loenigc finb mit £aaren serfefyen. 16. $iele beioobnen ein tbnen 
 angeboreneg, fteinartigeS ©efyaufe, bag it)nen jum @dm$ unb 5luf- 
 entl).i(t bient unb tfyeils »on ifynen uml)ergetragen nnrb, timU un* 
 fcetoeglicfc feftfil^t. 17. Wd)t inel Sinfommen mad)t ein $au$ rcid>, 
 fonbern serftanbige 2Birtl)fd)aft. 18. SBallenftein to ax 9?idjt3, too 
 
INDEFINITE NUMERALS. 255 
 
 er ttid)t STffeS war ; er mugre entmeber gar ntc^t befel)(ett, ober mit 
 aoUfommener g^ett>eit fyanfceln. 
 
 Exercise 119. 
 
 1. The weather is so cold that I must have two overcoats ; 
 
 bring me another (6). 2. As soon as my money was all gone 
 (4.) my friends also were all gone. 3. If you wait another (6.) 
 day we will all go with you. 4. Do you wish to buy another 
 (6.) pair of (17. 9.) boots? 5. No, I have boots enough. 
 G. The few r friends that he has are more powerful than his 
 many (18.) enemies. 7. Who has more enemies and fewer 
 friends, more trouble and less pleasure than the miser 1 8. I 
 understand all (28. 9.) you say and can read all (3.) the letters 
 that you have written. 9. To-morrow I shall go to Mannheim 
 and the next day to Mayence. 10. The weather is becoming 
 somewhat warm. 11. While (15. 8.) I was rich I had friends 
 enough, but now, since I am poor, I have not a single one. 
 12. What did you buy in the city yesterday 1 ? 13. I bought 
 a few (18.) pencils and several penholders. 14. Did you buy 
 pencils of one kind (16.)? 15. No, I bought of different kinds; 
 I need hard ones as well as soft ones. 1G. All the (3.) week 
 we had bright sunshine and pleasant weather. 17. Every (3.) 
 day, except Sunday, I must go to school. 18. There are many 
 kinds (16.) of coins in circulation in Germany. 
 
 ©rammatiftfjel. Grammatical. 
 
 1. OTcr, tttte, ttffeJ, before the definite article or a pronoun 
 often drops the ending : 
 
 Wi bte Arbeit. fttt btefe Seute. All the work. All these people. 
 
 2. The neuter form riMt$ is used in the signification of every- 
 thing, and also. applied to persons : 
 
 £cr SBeiffjic torifj nicf>t $lfte§. The wisest does not know everything. 
 
 Du lie&ft, tto 'Meg Ite&L Thou lovest where all (persons) love. 
 
256 LESSON 54. 
 
 3. The plural of after, applied to words denoting divisions of 
 time, answers to every ; with htibt it does not require trans- 
 lation : 
 
 (£r ge$t ttKc Sage fpagtren. He takes a walk every day (all days). 
 
 51 He 93c ill C roflKtt franf. (All) both were sick. 
 
 The English all, in such phrases as all day, all the week, &c, is rendered 
 by ganj : 
 
 (£3 regnet ben gattjen Sag. It rained (the whole) all day. 
 
 4. 9We or oil is sometimes used in the signification of fin- 
 ished, exliausted : 
 
 9ftem ©elb ijl afle. My money is all gone. 
 
 5. ffafcerer, Ottberc, ttttbcreS used to denote time, answer to 
 next or following : 
 
 2)en unbent Sag regnete e$. The next day it rained. 
 
 The phrase : the other day, is rendered : Jjor CtnigClt XagCi!. 
 
 6. tobcrer, Oltberc, 01tbere§ does not, like other, denote 
 something additional ; this idea being expressed by nod) : 
 
 ^imm etnen ttJltJcril Mantel; biefer ijr Take another cloak (instead of this); 
 
 ju bitnn. this is too thin. 
 
 9(tmm nod) etnen SWantet; etner tji md)t Take another (an additional) cloak ; 
 
 genug. one is not enough. 
 
 7. 33eibe, both, often refers to objects taken separately. 
 £3dbe with Uttljt or fetlt often answers to the pronoun neither : 
 
 2SeId)e3 son ben fiet&en ^ferben ttrirb Which of the tivo (the both) horses 
 
 er faufen ? will he buy ? 
 
 (£r ttirb fetn§ »on OciuM faufen. He will buy neither of them. 
 
 8. In referring to two things different in kind the form 
 betbc§, neuter singular, is often used : 
 
 Sr fyatte ben SRtng unb bte 5lette, akr er He had the ring and the chain, but 
 fcat 6eifte$ serloren, he has lost both. 
 
INDEFINITE NUMERALS. 257 
 
 9. (BitltV, (Etne, dittCg (26. 6.) is used substantively with or 
 •without the definite article : 
 
 (§iner fagt \a, etn Slnberer nein. One says yes, the other no. 
 
 ©CI (£me ift reid), ber Slnbere arm. The one is rich, the other poor. 
 
 10. Reiner, ®titlt, ®citlt§ (26. 6.) is always used without 
 the article : 
 
 ©or (Einer fyier ? $Cttter roar toer. "Was any one here ? No one was here. 
 
 11. dtmger, cintge, emtfleS and ctUtfjcr, ctlttfjc, etlidjcs are 
 
 to be rendered by a little, some, a few : 
 
 $la&) eintger 3eit. After a little while. 
 
 (£fHdje Sage natter, ^l/ew <%s afterward. 
 
 12. ($tUM§ before nouns or adjectives answers to a little, 
 somewhat, and is written with a small initial : 
 
 (S3 roirb ettoaS ftarm. It is getting a little warm. 
 
 13. ©Cltug has the same variety of signification as the cor- 
 responding English word : 
 
 2)er 5Mer ijl nid)t ticf ftC ttltfl. The cellar is not deep enough. 
 
 28ir fiakrt ftreunbe itnb ©elb flCHUfi. We have friends and money enough. 
 
 2)u l)a\t 0CnU0 gefaot. Thou hast said enough. 
 
 14. 3 r 9 c Nb indicates indefiniteness, and is equivalent to any, 
 whatever, at all, some : 
 
 5Benn c3 irfjetlfc mogUd) ift. If it is at all possible. 
 
 (£r fatfc immcr trgetttl cine unangenefjme He has always some land of a dis- 
 SBaljrfyeit auf ber £ippe. agreeable truth on his lips (18.14.). 
 
 15. Numerals combined with let (Middle High German din 
 leige or leie), hind, form a class of words called variatives : 
 
 (Eincrlci. 3r!?eierlci. Of one kind. Of two hinds. 
 
 $ie(crlci. Mertei. Of many kinds. Of all sorts. 
 
 £c3 SftorgenS fatten ttrir ilinber nur In the morning we children had 
 
 etlterlet <3peife. only one hind of food. 
 
 £3 ift i^m etlterlci, ob er mit einer \iU It is the same to him whether ho 
 
 bernen ober mit einer ginncmen ©abel eats with a silver or tin fork. 
 
 i&t. 
 
 17 
 
258 LESSON 54. 
 
 16. 9Jtaitrf)Cr in the singular, like jebcr, conveys the idea of 
 plurality and is usually rendered many a one, aud in the plural, 
 many or some ; 
 
 9J2an(fjer kfjauptet or manrijC It* Many a one maintains, or many 
 fyaupten, ic. maintain, &c. 
 
 17. 95tcl and tUCtttg, when indicating a quantity or a num- 
 ber taken collectively, are usually undeclined, unless preceded 
 by the article or a pronoun, or are used substantively and have 
 t he full accent : 
 
 (£r Ijat tnetttg SBtjJ, after bid ©etb. He has little wit, but mucli money. 
 
 G5 jmb ttJCntg Dicncr bie greunbe ibjer There are few servants (the) friends 
 
 £erren. of their masters. 
 
 Unb bann bie melen ^etnbeSpojlen. And then the many hostile posts. 
 
 2Mne roenigen $reunbe. My few friends. 
 
 18. SStel and tueittf} are declined when referring to numbers 
 considered as individuals, and also when used substantively : 
 
 SBenigC £age nadj fetner 3urucffunft fab, A few days after his return he saw 
 er Demutlj unb ©djmetcfyelet au3 ben humility and flattery disappear 
 
 roenigen ©extern entmetdjen. from the few faces. 
 
 19. ditt pddV (paar written with small initial) signifies a few: 
 (£r tt>irb nur tin paat Sage fjter Metbert. He will remain here but a few days. 
 
 SSHeberljoUutg. Recapitulation. 
 
 Hundert und zwanzigste Aufgabe. 
 
 Die deutsche Sclirift. 
 
 Die Zeichen der deutschen Schrift, die Buchstaben, sind Laut- 
 zeichen, denn sie bezeichnen Laute und Verhaltnisse der Laute. Die 
 Form der in Deutschland, wie in fast ganz Europa bis zu Ende des 
 dreizehnten Jahrhimderts iiblichen Schriftzeichen war die der lateini- 
 schen Buchstaben. Als irn zwolften und dreizehnten Jahrhundert 
 die Volker des Abendlandes hauptsachlich durch die Kreuzziige in 
 lebhafte Beriihrung mit dem Morgenlande kamen und die feineren 
 Sitten und Kiinste des Morgenlandes kennen lernten, fand, wie in 
 
RECAPITULATION. 259 
 
 der Sprache und Literatur und dem ganzen gesellschaftlichen Leben, 
 so auch in der Baukunst eine gewaltige Umwalzung statt. I An 
 die Stelle der Rundbogen trat der durch die Verschlingung zweier 
 Rundbogen entstehende Spitzbogen, statt des massiven scliweren 
 Pfeilers brachte man die leichtere, schlankere Saule in Anwendung, 
 die Kuppel ward aufgegeben und das Hauptaugenmerk auf den 
 Chor gerichtet, und so entwickelte sich zuerst in Frankreich, dann 
 in Deutschland und England eine neue Baukunst (Gothischer Bau- 
 styl), deren herrlichstes, bis in die aussersten Auslaufe consequent 
 durchgefuhrtes Meisterwerk, der Dom zu Coin, uns die erhabene 
 Grosse und voile Schonheit dieses Styles in seiner reinsten Aus- 
 bildung und hochsten Vollkommenheit vor Augen fuhrt. Die edlen, 
 schlanken Formen und anmuthigen Ornamente dieses Styles ver- 
 leiteten die Abschreiber jener Zeit, die runden, reinen Formen der 
 lateinischen Buchstaben in die Lange zu ziehen, auszuspitzen, zu ver- 
 sehnorkeln und — zu verknorzen. Die Erfinder der Druckerei be- 
 dienten sich derselben Schriftzeichen, wie sie in den Handschriften 
 iiblich waren, und so finden wir in den ersten Drucken des funfzehn- 
 ten Jahrhunderts, in alien europaischen Sprachen dieselben eckigen, 
 verschnorkelten Formen. Italien kehrte schon gegen Ende des 
 funfzehnten Jahrhunderts zu den reinen Formen der lateinischen 
 Buchstaben zuriick, wie man sie in den alten Handschriften der 
 Klassiker vor Augen hatte, und bald folgten auch andere Volker 
 seinem Beispiele nach. Gegenwartig nerrscht der Gebrauch der 
 eckigen Schrift nur noch in Deutschland, Danemark, Liefland, Lit- 
 tauen, Estland und Finnland, sowie in bohmischen und schwedischen 
 Zeitungen. Keuerdings hat man auch in diesen Landern angefangen, 
 zur runden Form der lateinischen Buchstaben zuriickzukehren. 
 
VERBS OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 CONNECTED VIEW OP RULES AND EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 1. The Present Tense of Verbs in the Old Conjugation is 
 formed the same as in the New, except as noted below (Exc. 4., 
 5., 6., and 7.). 
 
 2. The Imperative Mood is formed like that of the New 
 Conjugation (Exc. 8. and 9.). 
 
 3. The Xmperf. Ind. changes the root-vowel of the Inf. and 
 in the first and third persons sing, takes no personal-endings ; 
 in the other persons, it takes those of the Pres. Ind. 
 
 4. In the Imperf. Subj., Verbs of the Old Form suffix e to 
 the first and third persons siug. of the Imperf. Ind. and take 
 the umlaut, if capable of it. 
 
 5. The Perf. Part, has the form of the Inf., except that in 
 most verbs the root-vowel is changed ; when accented on the first 
 syllable, the augment gc is prefixed. 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 1. $inflen, gltmmen, fetfen, flimmcn, fnetfen, fneijien, ittelfen, 
 fdjafien, fdjnaukn, fdjraukn, ftcfcen, ftctfcn, triefen, toogen, and foekn 
 
 may follow either the Old or the New. 
 
 2. $8a$tn, lofdjen, qucHen, fdjmeljen, fdjretfen, fdjtoetten, and Her* 
 
 krklt, as intransitive verbs, follow the Old Form ; as transitive, they follow 
 the New. 
 
 3. Setoegen, Mddjen, Jtflegen, fdjletfctt, toeidjen, and tmegett, when 
 
 signifying to move, bleach, nurse, demolish, soften, rock, respectively, follow 
 the New Form. 
 
 4. Twenty verbs take the umlaut in the second and third persons sing. 
 of the Pres. Ind. : 
 
 fccttfen (7.), fallen, fwngen, ration (7.), jlopen, 
 
 fclafen, fcmgen, laben (7.), faufen, tragen, 
 
 fcraten (7.), arakn, laffen (7.), f&lafeit, tt)ad)fert, 
 
 fafrrert, tyalten, laufen, fc^tagen, ttafcfyert. 
 
EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 261 
 
 5. Twenty-eight verbs change the root-vowel C of the Inf. in the second 
 and third persons sing, of the Pres. Ind. to t : 
 
 bergen, 
 berften (7.), 
 brecfyen, 
 brefdjen (7.), 
 effen (7.), 
 fedrten (7.), 
 flcd)ten (7.), 
 
 6. Six verbs change the root-vowel e of the Inf. in the second and third 
 persons sing, of the Prea. Ind. to tc : 
 
 befeblen, empfefyten, g.efd)eb,en, tefett, fefyen, jMjlen. 
 
 7. Nineteen verbs form their second and third persons sing, of the 
 Pres. Ind. as follows : 
 
 freffcn (7.), 
 
 fd)elten, 
 
 fterben, 
 
 aeben, 
 
 fdjmeljen, 
 
 trcffen, 
 
 gelten, 
 
 fcfyreden, 
 
 treten (7.), 
 
 f) el fen, 
 
 fcfytr-etten, 
 
 tterberbcn, 
 
 meffen (7.), 
 
 fpredjen, 
 
 vergeffen (7.) 
 
 nefymen (7.), 
 
 jtedjen, 
 
 roerbcn, 
 
 quellen, 
 
 fteden (7.), 
 
 tterfen. 
 
 Present 
 
 Present Indicative, 
 
 Present 
 
 Present Indicative, 
 
 Infinitive. 
 
 2d pers. sing. 
 
 3d pers. sing. 
 
 Infinitive. 
 
 2d pers. sing. 
 
 3d pers. ting. 
 
 Baden (2/ 
 
 f badfr, or 
 ' 1 barfft 
 
 batft or 
 badt. 
 
 gebaren, 
 
 f gebterft or 
 1 gebdrft, 
 
 gebtcrt, or 
 gcbdrt. 
 
 berfien, 
 
 ( btrftejl, or 
 
 1 berftcft, 
 
 btrfr, or 
 berftct. 
 
 laben, 
 
 r Idbfr, or 
 I tabefr, 
 
 Idbt, or 
 labet. 
 
 braten, 
 brefcfyen, 
 
 f brdtft, or 
 1 bratcft, 
 f brtfcfyeft or 
 1 brefd)cft, 
 
 brat, or 
 
 laffen, 
 
 Uffeft 
 
 lafn. 
 
 bratet. 
 brtfd)t or 
 
 Ififacn (2.) 
 
 | ltfd)ft, and 
 'lI5fd)ft, 
 
 Iifd)t, and 
 I5f<fct. 
 
 ' brcfify. 
 
 meffen, 
 
 mtffeft, 
 
 mi£t. 
 
 effen, 
 
 tffeft, 
 
 m- 
 
 ncljmen, 
 
 ntmmjt, 
 
 nimmt. 
 
 fectyten, 
 
 r ftdtffi, or 
 1 fed)teft, 
 
 ftd)t, or 
 
 ratfyen, 
 
 rdtbft, 
 
 rdtb,. 
 
 fedrtct. 
 
 fteden, 
 
 f fli(f ft or 
 I ftedft 
 
 fKtft, or 
 
 fled)ten, 
 
 | flid)teft, or 
 1 fled)teft, 
 
 flid)t, or 
 
 flecft. 
 
 fledjtet. 
 
 treten, 
 
 trtttft, 
 
 trttt. 
 
 freffen, 
 
 friffeft, 
 
 frtgt. 
 
 ttergeffen, 
 
 ftergifrft 
 
 ttergifjt. 
 
 roerbcn, 
 
 toirft, 
 
 totrb. 
 
 
 
 
 8. Those verbs in which the root-vowel of the Inf. is changed, in the 
 second and third persons sing, of the Pres. Ind , to i or ie retain this vowel- 
 change in the Imperative Sing, and drop the final t. 
 
 9. Thirteen verbs form their Imperative Sing, as follows : 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 
 Imperative Sing. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 
 Imperative Sing. 
 
 berften, 
 
 btrfl or berfte. 
 
 nefymen, 
 
 n intra. 
 
 brefdjen, 
 
 brifd) or brefdje. 
 
 fe^en, 
 
 ftetj or ftelje. 
 
 effen, 
 
 if*. 
 
 fteden, 
 
 ffetfe. 
 
 freffcn, 
 
 m§. 
 
 treten, 
 
 trttt. 
 
 gebdren, 
 
 gebter or gebcire. 
 
 ttergeffen, 
 
 ttergjg. 
 
 Iofd)en (2.;, 
 
 lifdr> and lijfcfye. 
 
 toerben, 
 
 toerbe. 
 
 meffen, 
 
 mt§. 
 
 
 
262 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VERBS 
 
 10. $refdjeit in the Imperf. has both the Old and the New Forms, and 
 also the more common, but irregular one, fcrofd). 
 
 11. §Olten in the Imperf. often follows the New Form, especially when 
 signifying 7o cut. 
 
 12. fia&Clt has in the Imperf. both forms of conjugation. 
 
 13. SRttljIen in the Imperf. follows the New Form. 
 
 14. Sdjlfliiltlt has in the Imperf., besides the regular form fcfjtoor, the 
 irregular one fdjtouT. 
 
 15. SBcrbCtt in the Imperf. Ind. has in the sing., besides the regular 
 
 forms toarti, toarfcfl, toari), the irregular ones tourfcc, tourbeft, tourbe ; 
 
 in the plur. it has only toltrfcen, fourfcet, tmtrfcen ; the Imperf. Subj. being 
 derived from the irregular forms of the Ind. 
 
 16. Ster&cn, berfccrGcn, tocr&en, and tuerfcn have in the imperf. Subj., 
 
 besides the regular forms ftttvdc, Derfcarbc, tuiil'bc, tUtttfc, the more usual 
 irregular ones fftrbe, tJCtilurbC, tVUtbt, tOUtjt. 
 
 17. gotten, fttfjen, fatten, and fdjroten in the Imperf. follow the New, 
 in the Perf. Part., either form of conjugation. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VERBS OF THE OLD 
 CONJUGATION. 
 
 Pres. Inf. 
 
 Imperf. Ind. 
 
 Perf. Part; 
 
 ©tttfen, 3 * 
 
 totf, 
 
 gebttcfen. 
 
 bake, 
 
 baked, 
 
 baked. 
 
 Sefe^en, 1 
 
 kftt&l, 
 
 kfofjlen. 
 
 command, 
 
 commanded 
 
 , commanded. 
 
 33eflet§en, 5 
 
 kflt£, 
 
 kfliffen. 
 
 a ppiy» 
 
 applied, 
 
 applied. 
 
 Seginnen, 1 
 
 kgomt, 
 
 feegOimen. 
 
 begin, 
 
 began, 
 
 begun. 
 
 Setjkn, 5 
 
 M§, 
 
 grtijfen. 
 
 bite, 
 
 bit, 
 
 bitten. 
 
 Serpen, 1 
 
 frftrg, 
 
 geborgen. 
 
 conceal, 
 
 concealed, 
 
 concealed. 
 
 raettung. Derivation. 
 
 (2. and 7.) t 0. H. G. pachan ; A.-S. bacan ; 
 &\\.to'Ldit.pangere ; Gr.nr}yvvfxi)Skr.patsch. 
 
 (6. and 8.) 0. H. G. pifelahan (from Goth. 
 filalian; 0. H. Q.felakan). 
 
 Used only reflexively. From the obs. verb 
 (Teifeil; 0. H. G. fiizan, flizzan. 
 
 O.H.G .pikinnan , biginnan ; Goth, duginnan; 
 A.-S. beginnan (from Goth, ginnan, cut). 
 
 0. H. G.pizan; Goth behan; A.-S. bitan ; 
 all. to l&t.findere ; Gr. <£eiSoM<" ; Skr. bhid. 
 
 (5. and 8.) 0. H. G. perkan, berkan; Goth. 
 bairgan; A.-S. beorgan; Eng. bury.% 
 
 * The Class to which each verb belongs is indicated by the appended number, 
 f The numbers in parentheses refer to Exceptions in Conn. View, pp. 260-262. 
 % Table of illustrations of consonantal and vowel changes, pp. 26 and 27: e g. 
 fcerQen, hury, = «/ (no. 33.), t = u (no. SO.); &c. 
 
OF THE OLD CONJUGATION: 
 
 263 
 
 Serffen, 1 
 buret, 
 
 barff, 
 burst, 
 
 geborffen. 
 burst. 
 
 gkroegen, 6 
 induce, 
 
 beroog, 
 induced, 
 
 bewogen. 
 induced. 
 
 Siegen, 6 
 bend, 
 
 bent, 
 
 gebagen. 
 bent. 
 
 SBtetcn, 6 
 
 offer, 
 
 bat, 
 offered, 
 
 gebatcn. 
 offered. 
 
 ©inben, 1 
 bind, 
 
 banb, 
 bound, 
 
 gebunben. 
 bound. 
 
 23itten, 2 
 ask, 
 
 bat, 
 
 asked, 
 
 gebeten. 
 asked. 
 
 Slafen, 4 
 blow, 
 
 Mitt, 
 
 blew, 
 
 geblafen. 
 blown. 
 
 33letben, 5 
 remain, 
 
 blteb, 
 remained, 
 
 geblieben. 
 remained. 
 
 Stcidjen, 5 
 bleach, 
 
 bltd), 
 bleached, 
 
 geblidjen. 
 bleached. 
 
 Sraten, 4 
 roast, 
 
 t>riet, 
 
 roasted, 
 
 gcbratcn. 
 roasted. 
 
 ©redjen, 1 
 break, 
 
 brad), 
 broke, 
 
 gebrod?en. 
 broken. 
 
 £ingen, 6 
 bargain, 
 S^rcfdjen, 1 
 thiash, 
 
 bung, 
 
 bargained, 
 brefd), 
 thrashed, 
 
 gebungen. 
 bargained. 
 gebrofd)en. 
 thrashed. 
 
 Sttingen, 1 
 urge, 
 
 (£mpfeb/len, 
 commend, 
 
 brang, 
 urged, 
 1 empfafol, 
 commended 
 
 gebrltngcn. 
 urged. 
 cmpfoblcn. 
 , commended 
 
 GfTen, 2 
 eat, 
 
 ate, 
 
 gegcffcn. 
 eaten. 
 
 gaf;ren, 3 
 ride, 
 
 fubr, 
 rode, 
 
 gefabren. 
 ridden. 
 
 fallen, 4 
 fall, 
 
 fid, 
 
 fell, 
 
 gefoftcn. 
 fallen. 
 
 Sal ten, 4 
 fold, 
 
 faltete, 
 folded, 
 
 gefalten. 
 folded. 
 
 Sangen, 4 
 catch, 
 gcd)ten, 6 
 fight. 
 
 ftng, 
 caught, 
 fOd)t, 
 fought, 
 
 gefangen. 
 caught, 
 gefocbten. 
 fought. 
 
 (7. and 9.) 0. H. G. brestan; A.-S. berstan, 
 burstan; Eng. brast obs., burst. 
 
 (3.) From 0. H. G. wechan; Goth, vagjan; 
 A .-S. wegan ; allied to Lat. vehere. 
 
 0. H. G. piocan; Goth, biugan; A.-S beo- 
 gan ; Eng. bow ; allied to Skr. bhudj. 
 
 O.U.G. piotan,biutan ; Goth bindan; A.-S. 
 beodan; Eng. bid. 
 
 0. H. G. pintan ; Goth, bindan ; A.-S. bindan; 
 all. to Lat. vincire; Gr. a^-qya ; Skr. bandh. 
 
 0. II. G.pittan ; Goth, bidjan; A -S. biddan; 
 Eng. bid; Lat. peter e. 
 
 (4.) 0. H. G. plasan; Goth, blesan; Eng. 
 blast, blaze; allied to Gr. (frvaav. 
 
 O.II. G.piHpan; Goth. bilaibjan ; A -S.belifan 
 (from A.-S.laefan; Eng. leave ; Gr. AcuTeiy). 
 
 (3.) 0. II. G. blichan; A.-S. blaecan; Dan. 
 
 bleege; Sw. W<£a. 
 (4.) O.H.G.pra^an ; A.-S.bredan; all. to Lat. 
 
 frigere ; Gr.<j>pvyeii> ; Skr.Mrag^ ; Eng./ry. 
 
 (5- and 8. ) 0. II. G . prechan ; Goth, brikan ; 
 A.-S. brccan; allied to Lat. frangere; Gr. 
 pry-yvv/xi ; Skr. bhandj. 
 
 (1.) 0. H. G. dingjan, dingan. 
 
 (7., 9., and 10.) II. G. dreskan; Goth. 
 thriskan; A.-S. thrixcan. 
 
 0. II. G. dringan, thringan; Goth, threihan; 
 A.-S. throng, thrang; Eng. throng. 
 
 (6. and 8.) Goth, anajilahan (see be febUll). 
 
 (7. and 9.) 0. II. G. ^zan, ezzan; Goth, j'tan; 
 A.-S. *tan; Lat. edere; Gr. eficiv ; Skr. ar/. 
 
 (4.) 0. II. Q.faran; Goth, faran; A.-S. fa- 
 ran; Hug. fare; allied to Lat. varare, Gr. 
 Tropeueti'. 
 
 (4.) 0. H. G.fallan; A.-S. feallan ; Sw. 
 falla; Dan. falde. 
 
 (17.) 0. II. G faltan; Goth, falthan; A.-S. 
 fealdan. 
 
 (4.) 0. II. G.fahan,fangan; Goth, fahan; 
 A.-S. fangan; Eng. fang (to seize) obs. 
 
 (7. and 8.) 0. H. G.fehten; A.-S. feohtan; 
 allied to Lat. pugnare; Gr. Tru/creweiy. 
 
264 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VERBS 
 
 gfabett, 1 
 
 fcnty 
 
 gefunben. 
 
 find, 
 
 found, 
 
 found. 
 
 g-(etf)ten, 6 
 
 fl0d)t, 
 
 gcftocfyten. 
 
 twist, 
 
 twisted, 
 
 twisted. 
 
 fttiegen, 6 
 
 $H* 
 
 geflOgen. 
 
 fly, 
 
 flaw, 
 
 flown. 
 
 $liclKn, 6 
 
 m, 
 
 geflot)en. 
 
 flee, 
 
 fled, 
 
 fled. 
 
 glicgen, 6 
 
 flop, 
 
 gefloffen. 
 
 flow, 
 
 flowed, 
 
 flowed. 
 
 gr effort, 2 
 
 W, 
 
 gefreffen. 
 
 devour, 
 
 devoured, 
 
 devoured. 
 
 grtCren, 6 
 
 fror, 
 
 gefrOrcn. 
 
 freeze, 
 
 froze, 
 
 frozen. 
 
 Oaforen, 
 
 Q0$T* 
 
 gegOl)rert. 
 
 ferment, 
 
 fermented, 
 
 fermented. 
 
 ©ebdren, 1 
 
 gcbttr, 
 
 geborert. 
 
 bear, 
 
 bore, 
 
 borne. 
 
 ©efccn, 2 
 
 safe, 
 
 gegcben. 
 
 give, 
 
 gave, 
 
 given. 
 
 ©cbcifjen, 5 
 
 gebtefi, 
 
 gebiet)ert. 
 
 prosper, 
 
 prospered, 
 
 prospered. 
 
 ©et)en, 4 
 
 fling, 
 
 gegangen. 
 
 go, 
 
 went, 
 
 gone. 
 
 ©dtngen, 1 
 
 gelang, 
 
 gelungcn. 
 
 succeed, 
 
 succeeded, 
 
 succeeded. 
 
 ©elten, 1 
 
 flttlr, 
 
 gegoltcn. 
 
 be worth, 
 
 was worth, 
 
 been worth. 
 
 ©atefot, 8 
 
 gertttS, 
 
 gencfen. 
 
 recover, 
 
 recovered, 
 
 recovered. 
 
 ©entegert, 6 
 
 gertO§, 
 
 gcnoffcn. 
 
 enjoy, 
 
 enjoyed, 
 
 enjoyed. 
 
 QkfdjCfyert, 2 
 
 gefd)Ht), 
 
 gefd)tf)en. 
 
 happen, 
 
 happened, 
 
 happened. 
 
 ©cvoirmen, 1 
 
 gemunrt, 
 
 getuonrten. 
 
 gain, 
 
 gained, 
 
 gained. 
 
 ©ic§en, 6 
 
 sop, 
 
 gegOffen. 
 
 pour, 
 
 poured, 
 
 poured. 
 
 ©leiAen, 6 
 
 gtf<$, 
 
 gegli&en. 
 
 resemble, 
 
 resembled, 
 
 resembled. 
 
 ©letten, 5 
 
 Bite, 
 
 geglitten. 
 
 glide, 
 
 glided, 
 
 glided. 
 
 0. II. G.findan ; Goth, flnlhan ; A.-S.flndan; 
 Bsn.Jinde; Sw.Jinna. 
 
 (7. and 8.) 0. II. G. flehtan; allied to Lat. 
 plectere, pacare ; Eng. plait. 
 
 O.H.G. fliogan,fliugan; A.-S. fleogan ; al- 
 lied to Lat. fagere ; Gr. <\>evyeiv. 
 
 0. II. G. fliokan, fliuhan; Goth, thliuhan; 
 A.-S. fleolian; allied to Lat. fugere; Gr. 
 tyevyziv. 
 
 O.ll.G.fliuzan; A.-S.fleotan; Eng.float; Gr. 
 fikv^eiv ; allied to L'xt.fluere; Eng. flow. 
 
 (7. and 9.) 0. II. G.frezzan; Goth, fritan; 
 A.-S.fretan; Eng. fret (from bmjJVlt). 
 
 0. H.G.friosan; A.-S frcosan,frysa7i; from 
 Goth, fri us, cold. 
 
 Allied to gdjeil ; Eng. go. 
 
 (7. and 9.) Goth, gabairan; A.-S. geberan; 
 allied to Lsit.ferre; Gr. 4>epetv ; Skr. WW. 
 
 (5. and 8.) 0. II. G. keban, geban; Goth, gi- 
 ban; A.-S. gifan; allied to Gr. eyyeueii/. 
 
 O.ll.G.kedihen; fromobs .fcibctt ; O.H.G. 
 tihan; Goth, leihan; A.-S. fftont. 
 
 0. II. G. gen, gan; Goth, gaggan; A.-S. 
 g-ara, gangan. 
 
 O. H. G. gelingen (allied to ©(fif ; M. H. G. 
 gelucke; Eng. Zmc&). 
 
 (5. and 8.) O.H.G kiltan ; Goth, gildan; A.-S. 
 g«Wa« (cf. Eng. g-e& obs., tax, payment). 
 
 0. II. G. keneran, genesan; Goth, ganisan; 
 
 from 0. II. G. nnan ; A.-S. nerian. 
 O. II. G. geniazzan; Goth, ganiutan; from 
 
 H. G niazan; Goth, niutan; A.-S. njtf- 
 
 tton. 
 (6. and 8.) 0. II. G. kiskehan, gischehen; 
 
 allied to Lat. cadere, accidrre. 
 
 From O. II. G. icinnan; Goth, vinan; A.-S. 
 winnan; Eng. «;m. 
 
 O. II. G giuzan; Goth, giutan; A.-S. g-eo- 
 tan; Eng. g-ws/i; Gr. xeSo-at. 
 
 O. II. G. gelichen; Goth, galeikan; A.-S. 
 gelician; from Goth, leikan; Eng. Z/ie. 
 
 M. II. G. gtaen; A.-S. gildan; allied to 
 leireii ; Eng. Zead. 
 
OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 265 
 
 ©rtmmen, 6 
 
 gtomm, 
 
 geglontmcn. 
 
 shine (fain 
 
 tly), shone, 
 
 shone. 
 
 ',' ©raben, 8 
 
 grttb. 
 
 gegrttben. 
 
 dig, 
 
 dug, 
 
 dug. 
 
 ©reifen, 5 
 
 Griff, 
 
 fiesttifcn. 
 
 seize, 
 
 seized, 
 
 seized. 
 
 '/fatten, 4 
 
 licit, 
 
 gefmltcn. 
 
 hold, 
 
 held, 
 
 held. j 
 
 £angen, 4 
 
 #»& 
 
 gebangen. 
 
 hang, 
 
 hung, 
 
 hung. 
 
 £auen, 4 
 
 &ieb, 
 
 gefjtntcn. 
 
 hew, 
 
 hewed, 
 
 hewed. 
 
 £ebcn, 6 
 
 \)Ob, 
 
 gefyoben. 
 
 heave, 
 
 heaved, 
 
 heaved. 
 
 £eipen, 5 
 
 fjit$, 
 
 gctjcipcn. 
 
 he named, 
 
 was named 
 
 , been named. 
 
 Reifen, 1 
 
 Wf, 
 
 gc&Olfen. 
 
 help, 
 
 helped, 
 
 helped. 
 
 tfeijtn, 8 
 
 tin, 
 
 gefirfen. 
 
 chide, 
 
 chided, 
 
 chided. 
 
 StlklKU? 
 
 flob, 
 
 geflobcn. 
 
 cleave, 
 
 cleft, 
 
 cleft. 
 
 Jilimmen, 6 
 
 flomm, 
 
 geflommen. 
 
 climb, 
 
 climbed, 
 
 climbed. 
 
 tfliugcn, 1 
 
 flung, 
 
 geflungen. 
 
 sound, 
 
 sounded, 
 
 sounded. 
 
 ftnetfen, 6 
 
 fniff, 
 
 gefntjfen. 
 
 pinch, 
 
 pinched, 
 
 pinched. 
 
 teben, 5 
 
 fnipp, 
 
 geftuppen. 
 
 pinch, 
 
 pinched, 
 
 pinched. 
 
 ilommen, 1 
 
 tent, 
 
 gcfommen. 
 
 come, 
 
 came, 
 
 come. 
 
 £ried)cn, G 
 
 frOd), 
 
 gefrod)en. 
 
 creep, 
 
 crept, 
 
 crept. 
 
 flufrren, 
 
 fOl)r, 
 
 gefobjen. 
 
 choose, 
 
 chose, 
 
 chosen. 
 
 I'cbcn, 2 
 
 tub, 
 
 gelttben. 
 
 load, 
 
 loaded, 
 
 loaded. 
 
 Saffen, 4 
 
 lien, 
 
 geljjffen. 
 
 let, 
 
 let, 
 
 let. 
 
   Snufen, 4 
 
 Itef, 
 
 gefatafen. 
 
 run, 
 
 ran, 
 
 run. 
 
 (1.) Eng. gleam ; allfcd to cdtmtnerti ; Eng. 
 glimmir; and to jjlfitjftl ; Eng. glow. 
 
 ) (4 ) 0. II G. graban; Goth, graban; A.-S. 
 \ grafan; Eng. gave; allied to Gr. ypa^eiv. 
 
 0. II. G- greiffon, grey ion; Goth, greipan; 
 A.-S. gripan; Eng. gripe. 
 
 (4.) 0. II. G. haltan; Goth, haldan; A -S. 
 hcaldan; Dan. holde. 
 
 (4.) 0. II G kalian, /tangan; Goth, hahan; 
 A.-S. hangan; Sw. hanga; Dan. hange. 
 
 (11.) 0. II. G. homcan; A.-S. heawan; Sw. 
 hugga; Dan. huggc. 
 
 0. II. G. Arj7«n ; Goth. Aa#m; A.-S. AcMan, 
 Ae/an ,• allied to Lat. capere. 
 
 0. II. G. heizan; Goth, haltan ; A.-S. halan; 
 Eng. behight, kight, obs.; all to Lat. n'tare. 
 
 (5. and 8.) 0. II. G. AeZ/an; Goth. Atfemn; 
 A.-S. helpan; Sw. hjelpa; Dan. A/e/pe. 
 
 (1.) Allied to Lat. cav'dlari. 
 
 0. II. G. kliupan, chliopan; A.-S. cleofan; 
 S'.v. khjfwa; Dan. kioeve. 
 
 (1.) 0. II. G. chlimban, klhnpan; A.-S. 
 climban. 
 
 0. H. G. klinkan, chlinkan; Eng. cJmA, 
 clank; allied to Lat. clange/e ; Gr. cA*£ctr. 
 
 (1 ) 0. H. G. kni/ppen. nippan: Goth /fc«w- 
 />an; A.-S. knipan; Eng. m'p. 
 
 0. II. G. chorncn, kuman; Goth, gvfman, 
 A.-S. cuman; allied to Skr. gam. 
 
 0. II. G krivchhan, chrichhan; A.-S. creo- 
 7?a»; Sw. knjpa; Dan. krybe. 
 
 0. II. G. kiusan; A.-S. ceosan; Sw. Aresa. 
 
 (7. and 12.) 0. II. G. A/atan, hladan; Goth. 
 hlatlian; A.-S. hladan; Eng. We, /ontf. 
 
 (7.) H. G. /azan; Goth, taan; A.-S. 
 laetan; Dan. We. 
 
 (4.) 0. II. G. hlovffnn, loufan; Goth. Afou- 
 pare; A.-S. hleapan; Eng. fecp. 
 
266 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VE.IBS 
 
 Eeiben, 5 
 
 suffer, 
 
 i?eif>en, 5 
 
 lend, 
 
 fiefcn, 3 
 
 read, 
 
 lilt, 
 suffered, 
 
 Ifcfc 
 
 lent, 
 
 lad, 
 read, 
 
 Siegcn, 2 lag. 
 
 gelitten. 
 
 suffered. 
 
 geltefcen. 
 
 lent. 
 
 gclcfcn. 
 
 read. 
 
 gelegen. 
 
 lain. 
 
 // lie (down), lay, 
 
 Sof&cn, 6 lofd), gelofdjen. 
 extinguish, extinguished, extinguished 
 
 Sugen, 6 log, gelogen. 
 
 lie, lied, lied. 
 
 3»o^Icn, 8 mablte, gematylen. 
 
 grind, ground, ground. 
 
 Sfleiben, 5 mitt, gemieben. 
 
 avoid, avoided, avoided. 
 
 SWelfen, 6 molf, gemolfen. 
 
 milk, milked, milked. 
 
 SWfjfen, 2 map, gemfflcn. 
 
 measure, measured, measured. 
 
 SWiplingen, 1 niiplong, mijHungcn. 
 
 go amiss, went amiss, gone amiss. 
 
 sflcfymen, 1 na&m, genommen. 
 
 take, took, taken. 
 
 SPfcifen, 6 tfiff, gepfiffcn. 
 
 whistle, whistled, whistled. 
 
 SPflegen, 6 ppog, gepflogen. 
 
 cherish, cherished, cherished. 
 
 9>retfen, 5 pried, gepriefen. 
 
 praise, praised, praised. 
 
 Cucflcn, 6 quotf, gequoflen. 
 
 gush, gushed, gushed. 
 
 9tatf)en,* rietf), gcrttt^en. 
 
 advise, advised, advised. 
 
 9tci6en, 6 ricb, gcriekn. 
 
 rub, rubbed, rubbed. 
 
 SReijjen, 5 rip, geriflTen. 
 
 tear, tore, torn. 
 
 SRehcn, 6 rill, geritten. 
 
 ride, rode, ridden. 
 
 dlitfym, 6 rod), gerodjen. 
 
 smell, smelled, smelled. 
 
 0. H. G. lidan; Sw. lida; Dan. tide. 
 
 II. G. lihan; Goth, leihvan; A.-S. KAan; 
 Eng. /oan, fcnrf. 
 
 (6. and 8.) 0. H. G. lezan; allied to Lat. 
 legere; Gr. \4yeLv. 
 
 0. H. G. liggan, ligen; Goth. Zt^an; A.-S. 
 licgan, ligean, liggan. 
 
 (2 , 7., and 9.) 0. H. G. lagan; Eng. slake. 
 
 0. H. G. liogan; Goth, liugan; A.-S. leogan; 
 Sw. ljuga; Dan. Zywe. 
 
 (13.) 0. H. G. muljan, malan, Goth, ws- 
 Zan; Eng. m/W; Lat. molere. 
 
 0. H. G. midan; allied to Lat. vitare. 
 
 (1.) 0. II. G. melchan; A.-S. melcan, milci- 
 an; allied to Lat. mulgere; Gr. d^eA-yeip. 
 
 (7. and 9.) 0. II. G. mezan; Goth, mitan; 
 A.-S. metan; Eng. mete; Lat.metiri; Gr. 
 nerpew ; Skr. 7rta. 
 
 See gettngrn. 
 
 (7. and 9.) O. H. G. neman, niman; Goth. 
 niman; A -S. niman. 
 
 Eng. to pipe; from Lat. pipare. 
 
 (3.) 0. H. G. plegan; A.-S. pleggan; Eng. 
 
 7>fy; allied to Lat. plicare ; Gr. 7rAe'»ceif. 
 M. H. G.prisen; Sir. prim; Dan. prise; Fr. 
 
 jyriser; Sy.preriar; It. prezzare ; Lat. pre- 
 
 tiare (from pretium). 
 (2., 5., and 8.) Allied to n>aCen ; 0. H. G. 
 
 wallan; A.-S. iveallan; Eng. weW. 
 
 (7.) 0. H. G. ratan; Goth, rathjan; A.-S. 
 raedan; Eng. rcarf, rerff (obs). 
 
 0. II. G.riban; A.-S. reofan; Eng. rive, rub ; 
 allied to Gr. rpifieiv. 
 
 0. II. G rizzan; A.-S. writan; Eng write; 
 allied to Pers. rtze. 
 
 0. H. G. r/tan; A.-S. neton; L. G. rw/en; 
 Sw. rata; Dan. r/rfe. 
 
 A.-S. reacan; allied to raitd)f n ; 0. H. G. 
 rouchan ; A.-S. rram. reokan ; Eng. «< &. 
 
OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 267 
 
 Stfngen, 1 
 wrestle, 
 
 rang, 
 wrestled, 
 
 gerttngen. 
 wrestled. 
 
 airmen, 1 
 
 rantt, 
 
 geromten. 
 
 run, 
 
 ran, 
 
 run. 
 
 ftufen, 4 
 call, 
 
 rief, 
 
 called, 
 
 gerufen. 
 called. 
 
 ©Oljen, 4 
 salt, 
 
 We, 
 
 salted, 
 
 gefttlgen. 
 salted. 
 
 ft ©ttUfen, 6 
 drink, 
 
 foff, 
 
 drank, 
 
 gefoffen. 
 drunk. 
 
 Sttltgen, 6 
 suck, 
 
 fog, 
 
 sucked, 
 
 gcfogen. 
 sucked. 
 
 <Sd)ttfFen, 3 
 create, 
 
 fd)Uf, 
 created, 
 
 gefdjaffen. 
 created. 
 
 <Sd)ttUeti, 6 
 sound, 
 
 fd)on, 
 
 sounded, 
 
 gefdjoflen. 
 sounded. 
 
 ©fteiben, 5 
 separate, 
 <Sd)Cinen, 5 
 appear, 
 /6 ©d)Cltcn, 1 
 scold, 
 
 fd)ieb, 
 
 separated, 
 
 fd)ien, 
 
 appeared, 
 
 fd>art, 
 
 scolded, 
 
 gefd)tcbcn. 
 separated. 
 gefd)tcncn. 
 appeared. 
 gcfd)Olten. 
 scolded. 
 
 ©rteren, 6 
 shear, 
 
 fd)Or, 
 sheared, 
 
 gefd)0rcn. 
 shorn. 
 
 <3d)iefon, 6 
 
 shove, 
 
 fd}0&, 
 shoved, 
 
 gefd)0kn. 
 shoved. 
 
 (£due§cn, 6 
 shoot, 
 
 f#§f, 
 
 shot, 
 
 gcfd)Offcn. 
 shot. 
 
 SdHnben, 6 
 
 flay, 
 
 ©djlafctt,* 
 
 sleep, 
 
 Sd>(ttgen, 3 
 
 beat, 
 
 fd)Unb, 
 flayed, 
 fd)Uef, 
 
 slept, 
 
 fd)ltlg, 
 beat, 
 
 gefd)«nben. 
 
 flayed. 
 
 gefd)lttfen. 
 
 slept. 
 
 gefd)lagen. 
 
 beaten. 
 
 sneak, 
 
 fd>ltd), 
 sneaked, 
 
 gefd)Udien. 
 sneaked. 
 
 Scbletfen, 5 
 shaipci), 
 <3d)tci§en, 5 
 slit, 
 
 fd)(iff, 
 sharpened, 
 
 fttffc 
 
 slit, 
 
 gcfd)Iiffen. 
 sharpened. 
 gefdlliffcn. 
 slit. 
 
 ©deepen, 6 
 shut, 
 
 tow* 
 
 shut, 
 
 gefd)IOffen. 
 
 shut. 
 
 H. G. ringan; A.-S. wringan; Eng. ivring. 
 
 0. H. G. rinnan; Goth, rinnan; allied to 
 Gr. peeiv. 
 
 0. H. G. ruofan; hreofan; Goth, hropjan. 
 
 (17.) 0. H. G. salzan; Goth, saltan; A.-S. 
 saltan; allied to Lat. satire. 
 
 (4.) 0. H. G. sou/an; Goth, supan; A.-S. 
 supan, sypan; Eng sup. 
 
 0. H. G. saughan, sugan; A.-S. sucan; Lat. 
 
 sugere. 
 
 0. H. G. scafan; Goth, scapan; A.-S. scapan; 
 Eng. shape. 
 
 (1.) 0. H. G. schillan; allied to Gr. KaAeZv 
 
 (cf. ©djale, **«», <Sd;e He, &B). 
 
 0. H. G. skeidan, sciadan; Goth, skaidan; 
 A.-S. scadan, sceadan (cf. Eng. sheading). 
 
 0. II. G. skinan; Goth, skeinan; A.-S. set- 
 nan; Eng. s/une. 
 
 (5. and 8.) 0. H. G. skeltan; A.-S. scyldan; 
 L. G. schelden; S\v. skaella; Dan. skielde. 
 
 0. II. G. sciran; A.-S. sceran; Eng. sAear 
 and s/iare. 
 
 0. II. G. skiuban ; Goth, skiuban ; A.-S. 
 
 sceopan, scufan. 
 0. H. G. sciezzen, sciozan; A.-S. sceotan, 
 
 scotian; allied to Skr. tskud 
 Eng. s&ttt ; allied to Lat. ^ scindere (cf. 
 
 N. II. G. @d)tll,obs. ; A.-S. scm; Eng. 
 
 skin; Gr. o-kcVos). 
 (4 ) 0. II. G. slafen; Goth, slepan; A.-S. 
 
 slaepan; allied to Lat. sopire; Skr. s^-ap. 
 
 (4.) 0. H. G. slahan; Goth, slalian; A.-S. 
 slahan ; Eng. s/a^. 
 
 0. H. G. slihhan ; A.-S. slincan; Eng. aZmfc; 
 
 L. G. sliken; Sw. slinka. 
 (3.) 0. H G. s/i/an (cf. ftylfijfen ; 0. II. G. 
 slippan ; Goth, sleupan ; A.-S. slipan ; 
 
 Eng. sKp). 
 0. H. G. slizan, sleizan; A.-S. slitan ; Eng. 
 
 sKce; sto. 
 0. II. G. sliazan; allied to Lat. claudere, 
 
 cludere ; Gr. kAciSoui/ ; Eng. dose. 
 
268 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VERBS 
 
 ©drtingen, 1 
 
 fdvfong, 
 
 gefdrtungen. 
 
 sling. 
 
 slung, 
 
 slung. 
 
 ©djmetpen, 5 
 
 ftyrifc 
 
 gefcfymtffcn. 
 
 fli "g> 
 
 flung, 
 
 flung. 
 
 ©djmeljen, 6 
 
 fdjmolj, 
 
 gefdunoljen. 
 
 melt, 
 
 melted, 
 
 melted. 
 
 <5d)nttU&en, ( 
 
 1 \~dmob, 
 
 gefdwofcen. 
 
 snort, 
 
 snorted, 
 
 snorted. 
 
 ©djnetben, 5 
 
 fd)ttitt, 
 
 gefdjnttten. 
 
 cut, 
 
 cut, 
 
 cut. 
 
 ©rtraitben, 6 
 
 fd>rO&, 
 
 gefd)rOfren. 
 
 screw, 
 
 screwed, 
 
 screwed. 
 
 ©tfrccfen, 1 
 
 fdn-Of, 
 
 gcfd)rOcfen. 
 
 frighten, 
 
 frightened 
 
 ., frightened. 
 
 ©*rciben, 5 
 
 fd)riefr, 
 
 gefdmcbcn. 
 
 write, 
 
 wrote, 
 
 written. 
 
 <Sd?reien, 5 
 
 fd)rit, 
 
 gefdjrieen. 
 
 cry, 
 
 cried, 
 
 cried. 
 
 <3d)reitcn, 5 
 
 frtritt, 
 
 gefdjrtttnt. 
 
 stalk, 
 
 stalked, 
 
 stalked. 
 
 <5d>roten, 4 
 
 fd)rotete, 
 
 gefcfyroten. 
 
 bruise, 
 
 bruised, 
 
 bruised. 
 
 (3d)tt)(iren, 6 
 
 fdjroor, 
 
 gefd)»Oreit. 
 
 ulcerate, 
 
 ulcerated, 
 
 ulcerated. 
 
 <5d)»eigen, 5 
 
 fd)tttCg, 
 
 gcfcr>tt>tcgen. 
 
 be silent, 
 
 was silent. 
 
 , been silent. 
 
 <Sd)WCtfen, 6 
 
 fd)tt0ll, 
 
 gefcfyttoUen. 
 
 swell, 
 
 swelled, 
 
 swelled. 
 
 ©dmummen, 
 
 L fdjroamm, 
 
 gefd)»ommen. 
 
 swim, 
 
 swam, 
 
 swum. 
 
 (Bdjwinben, 1 
 
 fdwcinb, 
 
 gefd)ttttnben. 
 
 vanish, 
 
 vanished, 
 
 vanished. 
 
 ©cfynnngen, 1 
 
 fd)n>ang, 
 
 gefd)n)ttngen. 
 
 swing, 
 
 swang, 
 
 swung. 
 
 <2d)ftbren, 6 
 
 fdittOr, 
 
 gefd)tt>Oren. 
 
 swear, 
 
 swore, 
 
 sworn. 
 
 ©C^en, 2 
 
 M 
 
 gefefyen. 
 
 see, 
 
 saw, 
 
 seen. 
 
 ©teben, 6 
 
 fott, 
 
 gefotten. 
 
 boil, 
 
 boiled, 
 
 boiled. 
 
 ©tngen, 1 
 
 fang, 
 
 gefttngen. 
 
 sing, 
 
 sang, 
 
 sung. 
 
 0. H. G. schlingen, schlengen; A.-S. slingan. 
 
 II. G. smizan ; A -S. smitan ; Eng. smite. 
 
 (2., 5., and 8.) 0. ll.G.smelzan; A.-S.rnel- 
 tan, miltan ; Eng. melt, smelt ; Gr. /ue'ASeii'. 
 
 (1.) M. H. G. snuben; Eng. snub (to sob 
 convulsively) obs. 
 
 0. II. G. sniden; Goth, snejan, sneythan; 
 A.-S. snidan; Eng. snathe (obs.). 
 
 (1.) Sw. skrufa ; allied to French ecrouer. 
 
 (2. , 5. , and 8. ) O.II. G. scricchan, arscricchan ; 
 A -S. scrincan; Eng. shrink; Sw. skrynka. 
 
 0. II. G. scriban,screiban; Eng. scribe ; from 
 Lat. scribere. 
 
 0. H. G. skreian; Eng. screech, screak, shriek. 
 
 A.-S. scrithan, scridan ; all. to A.-S. strithan, 
 stridan; Eng. stride. 
 
 (17. ) 0. EL G. scrotan ; Goth, skreitan ; A.-S. 
 screadian ; Eng. shred (obs. ). 
 
 0. H. G. sueran, seran ; A.-S. sarian, sargian; 
 Eng sore (obs.). 
 
 0. II. G. swigan; A.-S. sioighan; allied to 
 Gr. cnySiv. 
 
 (2., 5., and 8.) 0. H G. swdlan; A.-S. swel- 
 Ian, swillan: L. G. swellen, swillen. 
 
 0. II. G. swimman; A.-S. swimman; L. G. 
 swimmen; Sw.swunma; Dan. swoemme. 
 
 0. H. G. swinan; A.-S. divinan; Eng. rfu^j'n« 
 obs., dwindle. 
 
 0. H. G. sivingan; A.-S. swingan; L. G. 
 swingen; Sw. svinga; Dan. svinge. 
 
 (14.) 0. II. G. swerian; Goth, svaran; A.-S. 
 swerian; allied to Lat. severare. 
 
 (6. and 9.) 0. II. G. seAan; Goth, saihvan; 
 seon. 
 
 ( 1 . ) 0. II. G. siuda?i ; A.-S. seodhan,siodhan ; 
 Eng. seetAe ; allied to Gr. £e'eiy. 
 
 0. H. G. singan; Goth, siggvan; A.-S. sm- 
 g-an; Sw. sjnnga; Dan. synge. 
 
OF THE OLD CONJUGATION. 
 
 269 
 
 (Stnfen, 1 
 
 fan!, 
 
 gefunfen. 
 
 sink, 
 
 sank, 
 
 sunk. 
 
 (Strnten, 1 
 
 farm, 
 
 gefonnem 
 
 muse, 
 
 mused, 
 
 mused. 
 
 ©ifcctt, 2 
 
 m, 
 
 gefeffen. 
 
 sit, 
 
 sat, 
 
 sat. 
 
 ©palten, 4 
 
 fpaltete, 
 
 gefptttten. 
 
 split, 
 
 split, 
 
 split. 
 
 (Spcten, 5 
 
 fpie, 
 
 gefpieen. 
 
 spit, 
 
 spit, 
 
 spit. 
 
 ©pinnen, 1 
 
 fpann, 
 
 gefponnen. 
 
 spin, 
 
 span, 
 
 spun. 
 
 ©piemen, 5 
 
 fotffc 
 
 gefpltffetu 
 
 / split, 
 
 split, 
 
 split. 
 
 i (Spredjen, 1 
 
 fpmd), 
 
 gefprocfyen. 
 
 speak, 
 
 spoke, 
 
 spoken. 
 
 ©prtefkn, 6 
 
 [prop, 
 
 gefprOffen. 
 
 sprout, 
 
 sprouted, 
 
 sprouted. 
 
 ©pringen, 1 
 
 fprang, 
 
 gcfprltngen. 
 
 spring, 
 
 sprang, 
 
 sprung. 
 
 Steven, 1 
 
 \m, 
 
 geftodjen. 
 
 sting, 
 
 stung, 
 
 stung. 
 
 ©tetfen, 1 
 
 ftttf, 
 
 geftocfen. 
 
 stick, 
 
 stuck, 
 
 stuck. 
 
 (Steven, 1 
 
 flttnb, 
 
 geftanben. 
 
 stand, 
 
 stood, 
 
 stood. 
 
 (Steven, 1 
 
 fm 
 
 gejio()Ien. 
 
 steal, 
 
 stole, 
 
 stolen. 
 
 ©teigen, 5 
 
 ftfeg, 
 
 gejrtegen. 
 
 ascend, 
 
 ascended, 
 
 ascended. 
 
 ©tcrkn, 1 
 
 tfttrt), 
 
 gejrorben. 
 
 die, 
 
 died, 
 
 died. 
 
 ©tiekn, 6 
 
 (to*, 
 
 gefiokn. 
 
 fly (as dust), 
 
 flew, 
 
 flown. 
 
 ©ttnfen, 1 
 
 jlanf, 
 
 geftunfen. 
 
 stink, 
 
 stunk, 
 
 stunk. 
 
 ©tO&en, 4 
 
 m, 
 
 geflOBen. 
 
 push, 
 
 pushed, 
 
 pushed. 
 
 ©treicfyert, 5 
 
 ftrirf), 
 
 geftrid)en. 
 
 strike, 
 
 struck, 
 
 struck. 
 
 ©treiten, 6 
 
 ffrttt, 
 
 gejiritten. 
 
 contend, 
 
 contended, 
 
 , contended, 
 
 0. H. G. sinchan ; Goth, siggqvan ; A.-S. sin~ 
 can; Sw. sjunka; Dan. synke. 
 
 0. H. G. sinnan; Goth, sinthan. 
 
 0..H. G. sizan; Goth, sithan; A.-S. sittan; 
 allied to Lat. sedere ; Gr. e£eada ; Skr. sad. 
 
 (17.) 0. H. G. spaltan; Eng. spelt (obs.). 
 
 0. H. G. spian, spiwan; Goth, speivan, spe* 
 van; A.-S. spiwan; Eng. spew; Lat. spu- 
 ere ; Gr. aneiew . 
 
 0. H. G. spinnan; Goth, spinnan; A.-S. 
 spinnan; allied to Gr. o-Trai'. 
 
 0. IL G. splizan; Eng. spftcc, ip&; Gr. 
 
 (5. and 8.) 0. II. G. sprehhan ; A.-S. spreo- 
 can, sprecan, specan ; Sw. spraka,. 
 
 0. H. G. spriozan ; A.-S. spryttan,Spreotan; 
 Eng. Jgft-d obs. , sprout. 
 
 0. II. G. springan ; A.-S. springan, sprincan ; 
 
 allied to Gr. >pi>e<.i\ 
 (5. and 8.) 0. II. G. stechan, stingan; Goth. 
 
 stigqvan; A.-S. stingan; Lat. stigare; Gr. 
 
 (1., 7., and 9.) 0. H. G. stecchan; A.-S. s*e« 
 can,stician; L.-G. steken ; Dan. stikke. 
 
 0. II. G. standan ; Goth, standan ; A.-S. stan- 
 rfan, standan. 
 
 (6. and 8.) 0. H. G. s«efan; Goth, st&ay,' 
 A.-S. stelan; staelan. 
 
 0. II. G. stigan ; Goth, steigan ; A.-S. stigan; 
 
 Eng. sty (obs.) ; allied to Gr. orei'xeii'. 
 (5-, 8., and 16.) 0. II. G.sterban; A.-S.steor- 
 
 Jian ; ctearfian ; Eng. starve. 
 
 0. H. G. stovban. 
 
 0. H. G. stinchan; A.-S. stincan; Sw. stinka ; 
 Dan. stinke. 
 
 (4.) 0. H. G. stozan; Goth, stautan; Eng. 
 Joss ; allied to Lat. tudere, tundere. 
 
 A.-S. strican; Sw. stryka; Dan. stryge. 
 
 0. H. G- stritan; Sw. strida; allied to Gr. 
 tTTpareveif. 
 
270 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VERES OF THE OLD 
 
 CONJUGATION. 
 
 I 
 
 £vttgen, 3 
 
 bear, 
 
 Srtffcn, 1 
 
 hit, 
 
 Sfetfren, 6 
 
 drive, 
 
 Sreten, 2 
 
 tread, 
 
 Jtfefcft, 6 
 
 trickle, 
 
 Srtnfen, 1 
 
 drink, 
 
 Sritgcn, 6 
 
 deceive, 
 ! Sfcrberfrcn, 1 
 
 perish, 
 
 2*erbric§en, fi 
 
 offend, 
 
 3.krgC|Ten, 2 
 
 forget, 
 
 IBerltCren, 6 
 
 lose, 
 u SSttrtfcn, 3 
 
 grow, 
 
 SSiigen, 
 
 weigh, 
 
 2Bttfd)en, 
 
 wash, 
 
 SBeben, 
 
 weave, 
 
 yield, 
 
 SBtegen, 
 
 weigh, 
 
 SBeifen, 
 
 show, 
 
 SBCrben, 
 
 sue for, 
 
 SBerben, 
 
 become, 
 
 SBCrfctt, 
 
 throw, 
 
 trltg, 
 bore, 
 trtf, 
 hit, 
 
 tritb, 
 drove, 
 
 trtt, 
 
 trod, 
 
 trOff, 
 
 trickled, 
 
 trttnf, 
 
 drank, 
 
 trig, 
 
 deceived, 
 
 *cerbOrb, 
 
 perished, 
 
 &crbrop, 
 
 oifended, 
 
 ttergttp, 
 
 forgot, 
 
 verlor, 
 
 lost, 
 
 nmcH 
 
 grew, 
 
 tt>0g, 
 
 weighed, 
 
 tottfty, 
 
 washed, 
 
 tt>0b, 
 
 wove, 
 
 rotdj, 
 
 yielded, 
 
 weighed, 
 
 tines, 
 
 showed, 
 
 ttttrfr, 
 
 sued for, 
 
 trtttrb, 
 
 became, 
 
 ttllrf, 
 
 threw, 
 
 gctrtgou 
 
 borne. 
 
 gerroffen. 
 
 hit. 
 
 getriekn. 
 
 driven. 
 
 gerrcten. 
 
 trodden. 
 
 getroffcn. 
 
 trickled. 
 
 gctrltnfen. 
 
 drunk. 
 
 getrOg;n. 
 
 deceived. 
 
 tterborben. 
 
 perished. 
 
 tterbroffen. 
 
 offended. 
 
 uergcffcn. 
 
 forgotten. 
 
 ttcrloren. 
 
 lost. 
 
 geroodjfen. 
 
 grown. 
 
 geroO^en. 
 
 weighed. 
 
 ge»cfd)fit. 
 
 washed. 
 
 gett)0(>en. 
 
 woven. 
 
 get»td)cn. 
 
 yielded. 
 
 g&toogen. 
 
 weighed. 
 
 getutefen. 
 
 showed. 
 
 gen>orben. 
 
 sued for. 
 
 getr-Ovbcn. 
 
 become. 
 
 geroorfen. 
 
 thrown. 
 
 (4.) Goth, dragan ; A.-S. dragan ; Eng. drag; 
 Sw. draga; Dan. drage. 
 
 (5. and 8.) 0. H. G. treffan. 
 
 0. H. G. triban; Goth, dreiban; A.-S. dri- 
 fan; Sw. drifva; Dan. drive. 
 
 (7. and 9. ) 0. H. G. trettan ; Goth, trudan ; 
 A.-S. tredan ; Sw. trada; Dan. traede. 
 
 (1.) 0. H. G. triu/an; A.-S. dripan ; dry- 
 pan ; Eng. drip, drop. 
 
 0. H. G. drincan, trinchan; Goth, drigkan; 
 A-S. drincan. 
 
 0. H. G. triegan, triokan; A.-S. dreogan. 
 (2., 5., 8., and 16.) 
 
 0. H. G.firlhriezan; Goth, usthriuzan. 
 
 (5., 7., and 9.) A.-S.forgetan,forgila7i; Sw. 
 forgata; Dan. forgiette. 
 
 0. H. G. farliusan; Goth, fraliusan ; A.-S. 
 
 forleasan; from Goth, luisan; Eng. lose. 
 (4.) 0. II. G. huahsan; Goth, wahsjan; A.-S. 
 
 weaxan ; Eng. wax; allied to Lat. aitgeri; 
 
 Gr. av£etv. 
 (1.) 0. H. G. wegan; A.-S. wegan; allied 
 
 to Lat. vehere ; Skr. mA. 
 
 (4.) 0. II. G. wascan; A.-S. wascan ; L. G. 
 
 wasksn; Sw. vaska; Dan. vasge. 
 (1.) II. G. iveban; Goth, veiban; A.-S. 
 tw/«n ; allied to Gr. v(J>cuVe«' ; Pers. ia/- 
 ta?x; Skr. w?ap. 
 }(3.) 0. H. G. weichan; A.-S. wean; Sw. 
 | vega; Dan. rege. 
 
 (3.) Seeir.iV"' 
 
 0. H. G. wisan; A.-S. whan. 
 
 (5., 8., and 16.) 0. H. G. hwerban; Goth. 
 quairban. 
 
 (7., 9., and 15.) 0. II. G. werdan; Goth. 
 wairthan. 
 
 (5., 8., and 16.) 0. II. G. werfan; Goth. 
 vairpan; A.-S. xoerpon; Eng. warp. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 271 
 
 SBtnben, 
 wind, 
 
 rconb, 
 wound, 
 
 gettlinben. 
 wound. 
 
 3et&en, 
 
 accuse, 
 
 accused, 
 
 ge$te§en. 
 accused. 
 
 i3ie()en, 
 draw, 
 
 drew, 
 
 gejdgen. 
 drawn. 
 
 compell, 
 
 8»ang, 
 compelled, 
 
 ge$tt>ungen. 
 compelled 
 
 0. H. G. wintan; Goth, vindan; A.-S. win- 
 dan; Sw. vinda; Dan. vinde. 
 
 [ O. H. G. zihan; Goth, tcilian. 
 
 0. H. G. zitthnn ; Goth, tiuhan ; A.-S. teohan, 
 teon ; Eng. J wg-. 
 
 O. H. G. dwingan; A.-S. dwingan; Eng. 
 twang, twinge; Sw. tvinga; Dan. tvinge. 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 1. £te Sett. Time. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Bettabfcfynttt, -eS f pi. -e, period, epoch. 
 $?onat, -e$, pi. -e, month, t = th. 
 Stag, -e$, pi. -e, day. t = d ; g = y. 
 ftetertag, -ti, pi. -e, holiday. 
 2Berftctg, -e$, pi. -e, work-day. e = o. 
 2Dod)entag, -e3, pi. -e, week-day. 
 9J?crgen, -e, pi. - morning. 
 5l6enb^ -$, pi. -e, evening, a = e. 
 Sormtttag, -3, pi. -e, forenoon. 
 fWtttag, -^, pi. -e, midday, t = d. 
 ^a^mittag, -3, pi. -e, afternoon. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 (Erotgfeit, -, pi. -en, eternity. 
 Beit,- pi. -en, time (tide. j=t; t = d). 
 iJeiteuttfyeUung, - pi. -en, division of 
 time. 
 
 *»>8.-.r>'--eM chronology. 
 Grronologte', -, pi. -n, ) 
 (£po'd)c, -, pi. -n, epoch. 
 $erio'be, - pi. -n, period. 
 23ergan'genf)ett, - past, 
 ©egenwart, -, present. 
 
 3ufunft, -, future. 
 <Stunbe, -, pi. -n, hour. 
 5ttmu'te, -, i>l. -n, minute. 
 ©efun'be, - pi. -n, second. 
 fRatfjt, -, pi. m%tt. night. d) = gh. 
 3Kttternad)t, - pi. -nad)te, midnight. 
 2Bod)e, -, pi. -n r week. o=ee; d) = k. 
 3af>re$gett, -, pi. -en, season of the 
 year (L. 23). 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 £)atum, -$, pi. Doten (or £ata), date. 
 3ettalter, -$, pi. -, age. 
 Slttertljum, -3, pi. -U)itmer, antiquity. 
 ^afntau'fenb, -3, pl.-e, thousand years. 
 Saijrfjun'bert, -$, pi. -e, century. " 
 3af>r$e'ljent, -3, pi. -e, decade of years, 
 
 decennium. 
 3af)r, -e$, pi. -e, year. j=y ; a=ea. 
 @d)altjafjr, -eS, pi. -e, leap-year. 
 £aUtjaf)r, -e3, pi. -e, half year. & = f. 
 ©emef'ter, -3, pi. -, semester. 
 23terteljaljr, -e$, pi. -e, quarter of a 
 
 year. 
 
272 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 2. $er 2Renfdj. Man. 
 
 consort. 
 
 Natural Gender. 
 
 SKann, -ed, pi. Conner, man. 
 
 grau, - pi. -en, woman. 
 
 Sungling, -3, pi. -e, young man. 
 
 3ungfrau, - pi. -en, virgin. 
 
 Mnabc, -n, pi. -n, boy. 
 
 (Efycmann, -ed, pi. -manner, husband, 
 
 (Sfjefrau, - pi. -en, wife. 
 
 ©arte, -n, pi. -n, masc. 
 
 ©attin, -, pi. -nen,/cw. 
 
 ©emafcl', -?, pi. -e, masc. 
 
 ©ematj'lin, -, pi. -nen, /era 
 
 33rautigam, -3, pi. -e, bridegroom. 
 
 23raut, -, pi. 23rdute, bride, au = i. 
 
 2Btttroer, -3, pi. -, widower, it = d. 
 
 2Bitrn>e, -, pi. -n, widow, tt = d. 
 
 S3ater, -S, pi. 2}ater, father, t = th. 
 
 flutter, -, pl. Gutter, mother. tt=th. 
 
 <5ot>n, -i, pi. <S6£ne, son. 
 
 Sodjtcr, -, pi. Softer, daughter. t= d. 
 
 33ruber, -i, pi. SBriiber, brother. 
 
 ©cfyroeftcr, -, pi. -n, sister. 
 
 <Stief»atcr, -3, pi -i>ater, step-father. 
 
 ©tiefmutter,-, pi. -mutter, step-mother. 
 
 ©tieffefm, -3, pi. -folme, step-son. 
 
 <Stieftod)ter, -, pl.-tod)ter, step-daughter. 
 
 <5ticfbrubcr, -3, pi. -fcriiber, step- 
 brother. 
 
 ©tieffdjroefter, -, pi. -n, step-sister. 
 
 ©neater, -3, pi. -»dter, grandfather. 
 
 ©roHtnutter, -, p l. -mutter, grand- 
 mother. 
 
 (Snfel, -3, pl. -, grandson. 
 
 (Snfelin, -, pl. -nen, granddaughter. 
 
 ttrgro&sater, -3, pl. -ttdter, great-grand- 
 father. 
 
 Urgrojjmutter, -, pl. -mutter, great- 
 grandmother. 
 
 Urenfel, -, pl. -, great-grandson. 
 
 Urcnfeltn, -, pl. -nen, great-grand- 
 daughter. 
 
 <3d)Hneger»atcr, -3, pl. -udter, father- 
 in-law. 
 
 (Scfynnegermutter, -, pl. -mutter, mother- 
 in-law. 
 
 <3d)roiegerfolm, -3, pl. -f5f)ne, sou -in- 
 law. 
 
 <3d)rotegertod)ter, -, pl. -titter, daugh- 
 ter-in-law. 
 
 <5d)roager, -3, pl. (Sd)tt)dger, brother- 
 in-law. 
 
 (Scfyrodgertn, -, pl. -nen, sister-in-law. 
 
 3>flcge»atcr, -3, pl. -»dter, foster-father. 
 
 3)flegemutter, -, pl. -mutter, foster- 
 mother. 
 
 Wegefotm, - pl. -folme, foster-son. 
 
 3>flegetod)ter, - p L -t^ter, foster- 
 daughter. 
 
 D&etm, -3, pl. -e, (or DnfeT, -?, pl. -), 
 uncle. 
 
 £ante, -, pl. ■•» (or 2J?uI)me, - pl. -n), 
 aunt. 
 
 Setter, -3, pl. -, masc. ~\ 
 
 Goufi'ne, -, pl. -n (or Safe, - \ cousin, 
 pl. -n),fem. J 
 
 3?erre, -n, pl. -n, nephew. 
 
 9?td)te, -, pl. -n, niece. 
 
 Watty, -n, pl. -n, godfather. 
 
 tyafyt, -n, pl. -n, godmother. 
 
 £err, -n, pl. -en, gentleman. 
 
 Same, -, pl. -n, lady (dame). 
 
 greunb, -e3, pl. -e, masc. ) f ,. , 
 
 ^reunbin, -, pl. -wen, f em. ) 
 
 V«War,-l, v l-n,masc. V. r< 
 
 9?ad>barm, -, pl. -nen, fern. ) 
 
 ©reiS, -en, pl. -e, old man. 
 
 ©retftn, -, pl. -nen, old woman. 
 
 %mme f -, pl. -en, nurse. 
 
CLASSIFI2D LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 273 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Bttriflmg, -3, pi. -e, twin. 
 
 Sob, ~e$, pi. -e, death. t=d ; b^th. 
 
 Feminine, 
 
 Skrlo'bung, - pi. -en, betrothal. 
 (£fje, -> pi. -n, marriage, 
 ©eburt', -, pi. -en, birth, ge = — . 
 gamt'lie, -, pi. -n, family, 
 tfinbfyett, -, childhood. ei = oo; t = d. 
 3ugenb,-, youth. j = y; u = ou; b = th. 
 Sftinberjabrigfeit, -, minority. 
 SBoUjabjigfeit, -, majority. 
 SSerroanbt'fcbyaft, -, pi. -en, relationship. 
 SBaife, -, pi. -n, orphan. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Sllter, -3, pi. -, age. 
 Itinb, -e$, pi. -er, child. 
 SJMbcfyen, -<3, pi. -, girl. 
 ftraulein, -3, pi. -, young lady. 
 $rauenghnmer, -3, pi. -, woman. 
 2£etb, -eS, pi. -er, woman, wife, 
 ©reifenalter, -S, old age. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 (Sljeleure, -, married people. 
 SBorfafiren, - ancestors. 
 ©Item, -, parents. 
 Sftacfyfommen, -, descendants. 
 
 3. $er menfdiUdje $iirjjer. The Human Body. 
 
 Masculine. 
 $cpf, -e$, pi. $bpfe, head. 
 (Sd)abel, -3, pi. -, skull. 
 <Sd)taf, -e3, pi. <Sd)lafen, temple. 
 9tugapfel, -3, pi. -apfel, eyeball, pupil. 
 Sftunb, -e3, pi. SRiinber, mouth, b = th. 
 3abn, -e3, pi. Bdfyne, tooth. 
 SBacfengabn, -3, pi. -iafyne, double- 
 tooth, 
 ©aumen, -§, pi. -, palate. 
 33acfen, -3, pi. -, cheek. 
 33art, -e3, pi. S3arte, beard, a = ea. 
 Sadtnbart, -e3, pi. -parte, whiskers. 
 ©dmurrbart, -e3, pi. -barte, mustache. 
 ©efirf)t$',|ug, -e$, pi. -jitge, feature. 
 $M, -e£, pi. £alfe, neck. 
 9?acfen, -3, pi. -, nape (neck, a = e). 
 ^iicfen, -3, pi. -, back. 
 5tnod)en, -, pi. - bone. 
 ftucfgrar, -eS, pi. -e, spine. 
 9?er», -3, pi. -en, nerve. 
 33ufen, -3, pi. - bosom. u=o; n=m. 
 SWagen, -3, pi. -, stomach. 
 Jlorper, -3, pi. -, body. 
 18 
 
 3trm, -8, pi. -e, arm. 
 
 (Stlbogen, -3, pi. -, elbow, g = — -. 
 
 finger, -3, pi. -, finger. 
 
 Daumen, -3, pi. -, thumb, b = th. 
 
 9?agel, -3, pi. SRagel, nail, g = i. 
 
 Scfyenfel, -3, pi. -, thigh. 
 
 <3d)oo§, -e3, pi. -e, lap. 
 
 ^nbcfyel, -3, pi. -, ankle (knuckle). 
 
 $u§, -e3, pi. Siijje, foot, u = o. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 3rugenbrane,-,pl.-n, ) w 
 Slugenbraune, -, pi. -n, ) 
 Slugenrotmper, -, pi. -n, eyelash. 
 <3tirn, -, i)l. -en, forehead. 
 <Sd)ldfe, -, pi. -n, temple. 
 9tafe, -, pi. -n, nose, a = o. 
 SBange, -, pi. -n, cheek. 
 Stppe, -, pi. -n, lip. 
 Dbertippe, -, pi. -n, upper lip. 
 ttnterlippe, -, pi. -n, lower lip. 
 3unge, -, pi. -n, tongue. j=t; n = 
 itefyle, -, pi. -n, throat. 
 
274 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OP NOUNS. 
 
 ©gutter, -, pi. -n, shoulder. u = ou. 
 
 Srujr, -, pi. ©ruffe, breast, u = ea. 
 
 £anb, -, pi. £anbe, hand. 
 
 gaufl, -, pi. gfiufle, fist. • au = i. 
 
 ©cite, -, pi. -n, side, ei = i ; t = d. 
 
 $tppe, - pi. -n, rib. pp = b. 
 
 £itfte, -, pi. -n, hip. f = p. 
 
 SBabe, ■> pi. -n, calf. 
 
 $erfe, - pi. -n, heel. 
 
 3efce, -, pi. -n, toe. j = t. 
 
 $aut, -, pi. £aute, skin. 
 
 SKudfcl, - pi. -n, muscle. 
 
 Slber, -, pi. -it, vein. 
 
 ©djlagaber, - pi. -n, artery. 
 
 Sunge, -, pi. -n, lungs. 
 
 Sefcr, -, pi. -n, liver, e = i ; fc = v. 
 
 ©atte, -, gall. 
 
 Sfttlj, -, pi. -e, milt, spleen. g = t. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 £aupt, -ea, pi. £dupter, head. cw = ea. 
 
 ©eJurn', -ea, pi. -e, brain. 
 £aar, -ea, pi. -e, hair, aa = ai. 
 Sluge, -a, pi. -n, eye. p. 27. 
 Sfagenlfeb, -c«, pi. -er, eyelid, 
 ©eftcfrt', -ea, pi. -er, sight, face. 
 Df)r, -ea, pi. -en, ear. o = ea. 
 Dfyrlappdjen, -a, pi. -, lobe of the ear. 
 ®(teb, -ea, pi. -er, limb, member. 
 33etn, -ea, pi. -e, leg (bone, ei = o). 
 Jlnte, -a, pi. -, knee, te = ee. 
 ©elenf', -ea, pi. -e, joint. 
 Wtaxt, -a, marrow. 
 ©ertp'pe, -a, pi. -, skeleton, 
 gletfd), -ea, flesh, ei = e ; fdj = sh. 
 Slut, -ea, blood, u = oo ; t = d. 
 £er$, -ena, pi. -en, heart, e = ea. 
 3a^nfletfd), -a, gum. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 9?teren, -, loins. 
 
 4. ittanfljeitett unfc geifottttel. Maladies and Remedies. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £ujlen, -a, cough. 
 
 (Sdjnupfen, -a, cold (snuff, fd) = s). 
 
 ©djnnnbel, -a, dizziness. 
 
 Sfofafl, -a, pi. -falTe, fit. 
 
 $rampf, -ea, pi. $rdmpfe, cramp. 
 
 2Bafjnfinn, -a, insanity. 
 
 2>.)pinta, -, typhus fever. 
 
 SBrudj, -a, pi. 23riidje, rupture. 
 
 Salfam, -a, balm. 
 
 Srcmnttoein, -a, pi. -e, brandy. 
 
 ^ampfer, -a, camphor. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 •£>etferfett, -, hoarseness, ei — oa. 
 
 STuaaefjrung, -, ) . . 
 
 9 B ' ' > con sumption. 
 @$ttwtbfu$t,-,) 
 
 ttnp&fHdjfett, -, pi. -en, indisposition. 
 
 tteklfett, -, pi. -en, nausea. 
 
 Stolit, -, colic. 
 
 ©eefrcmf&ett, -, sea-sickness, ee = ea. 
 
 Cholera, -, cholera. 
 
 S31inbl)eit, -, blindness. 
 
 £auM)eit, -, deafness. t = d;cut = ea. 
 
 ©iumm&eit, -, dumbness. 
 
 ftrofifceule, -, pi. -n, chilblain. 
 
 ©efcfyttulfr, -, pi. -e, swelling. 
 
 @td)t, -, gout. 
 
 ©erren'fung, -, pi. -en, dislocation. 
 
 Duetfd)ung, -, pi. -en, contusion. 
 
 2Bunbe, -, pi. -n, wound, it = on. 
 
 Sntsitn'bung, -, pi. -en, inflammation. 
 
 9?ctrBe, -, pi. -n, scar. 
 
 $rctnf fyeit, -, pi. -en, malady, sickness. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 275 
 
 OkmutfjS'franfktt,-, pi. -en, melancholy. 
 
 Dfjmnad)t, -, pi. -en, fainting. 
 
 3attenbe<3ud)t,-,) n 
 
 SpUepfie', -, S l * J 
 
 28a(ferfnd)t, -, dropsy. 
 
 |>unb£tt)utfj, -, hydrophobia. 
 
 STrgnei', -, pi. -en, medicine. 
 
 $itfe, -, pi. -en, pill. 
 
 ©alfee, -, pi. -n, salve. I> = v. 
 
 ©efunb'Ijeit, -, health. 
 
 £>etlung, -, pi. -en, cure (healing). 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 giekr, -$, pi. -/ fever, te = e ; h = v. 
 S^agenfteber, -$, gastric fever. 
 9cemnftei>er, -3, nervous fever. 
 ©cfyarladjftefter, -3, scarlet fever. 
 2Bed)felfteber, -$, ague and fever. 
 
 ^opfrcefv -$, headache (2Be$, woe). 
 3afyntt)efy, -$, toothache. 
 Dl)rentt)e|j, ~$ t ear-ache, o = ea. 
 #eim»e$, -$/ homesickness, ei = o. 
 <5tf)telen, -$, squinting. 
 ©tottern, -3, stutter, o = u. 
 ©efdjtofir', -$# pi. -e, ulcer. 
 53red)mtttel, -8, pi. -, emetic. 
 $ul»er, -*, pi. -, powder. 
 £)ampffcab, -e$, pl.-Mber, vapor-bath. 
 spfeffermms'waffer, -3, peppermint- 
 water. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 20?afern, -, measles. 
 » ter "'-'jsmall-pox. 
 
 5. Sjietfcn unto ©ctrattfe. Food and Drink. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 SBraten, -3, pi. -> roast meat. 
 
 8ttnb3fa-aten, -*, pi. -, roast beef. 
 
 <£d)tnfen, -3, pi. -, ham. 
 
 (Sped, -e3, bacon. 
 
 Rummer, -3, pi. -/ lobster. 
 
 ©otter, -S, pi. -> yolk. 
 
 Gterfudjen, -3/ pi. -/ omelet. 
 
 (Srbapfet, -3, pi. -dpfet, potato. 
 
 Slumenfofl, -3, pi. -e» cauliflower. 
 
 M)l, -4, pi. -e, cabbage. 
 
 fWeerretttg, -3, pi. -e, horse-radish. 
 
 SPeterjtlie, -n, pi. -n, parsley. 
 
 8tet% -«, pi. -e, radish. e = a ; tt = d. 
 
 ©etterif, -*, pi. -*, celery. 
 
 (Spargcl, -$, pi. -/ asparagus. 
 
 (Spinal', -ft, pi. -e, spinage. 
 
 (Sffta,, -$, vinegar. 
 
 g>feffer, -3, pi. -, pepper, pf = p. 
 
 ftdfe, -a, pi. -i cheese. f=ch ; d = ee. 
 
 Seta,, -& dough. t=d; ei = ou; g=gh. 
 
 $ud)en, -3, pi. -, cake, f = c ; U = i. 
 
 Stnfcifj, -C*, pi. -t# lunch. 
 
 Slcfym, -4, cream. 
 
 Jtaffce, -3, coffee. 
 
 £fyee, -3, tea. 
 
 2Bein, -3, pi. -e, wine, ei = i. 
 
 23rannttt>ein, -3, pi. -e, brandy, spirits. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 $Ietfd)fcritl)e, -, pi. -n, broth. 
 <3uppe, -, pi. -n, soup, u = ou. 
 SBurfl, -, pi. 2Bitrfte, sausage. 
 ©arbel'Ie, -, pi. -n, sardine, 
 ©ofttte, -/ pi. -n, bean. = ea. 
 «Rotk fftubt, -, pi. -It* (red) beet. 
 @elfee 3tufce, -, pi. -n, (yellow) carrot. 
 2Bei§e »e, -# pi. -tt» (white) turnip. 
 ©urfe, -, pi. -H» cucumber, 
 tfartoffet, -, pi. -n, potato. 
 
276 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 SrujfeT, -, pi. -n, truffle. 
 
 Qxoiebtl, -, pi. -n, onion. 
 
 ©emrnel, -$ pi. -n, roll. 
 
 9>a)lc'tf, -• pi. -n, pastry. 
 
 £prte, -, pi. -n, tart. 
 
 Sutter, -, butter. 
 
 33:tttermtld), -, buttermilk. dj = k. 
 
 2)icfe (faure) SKildj, -# sour milk. 
 
 (Saijne, -# cream (see 9fcaljm). 
 
 ^efr, - pi. -it, yeast. 
 
 Grfri'ubuni>/ -, pi. -en, refreshment. 
 
 SOTatjljeit, -, pi. -em meal (time). 
 
 SWtldV -, milk, d) = k. 
 
 Sljofola'be, -, pi. -en* chocolate. 
 
 Cimona'bf, -, pi. -tt, lemonade. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 gleifd\ -e$« meat (flesh, et = e). 
 $aud)fletfd), -i$>, smoked meat (Dtaud), 
 
 reek), 
 spofelfleifd), *A, salted meat. 
 9?inbfleifc&, -z§, beef, 
 flal&fleifrt , -e£, veal. 
 ^ammclfleifiv -e<?, mutton. 
 ©dnivinefleifd), -ii, pork, 
 ©eflii'ijel, -§, pi. -, poultry. 
 
 Sett, -es?, pi. -c, fat. e = a. 
 (£i, -e?, pi. -er, egg. 
 (Eifcttjj, -t&, white of an egg. 
 (SJemit'fe, -$, pi. -, vegetables. 
 9tabied'<§ett, -v, {4. - radish, 
 ©aucrfraut, -ti, sourkrout. an = ou. 
 Del, -«?, pi. -:, oil. i> = oi. 
 (Salg, -**> pi. -*# salt, g = t. 
 23rob, -e«, pi. -e, bread. 
 33uttcrfcrob, -c3, pl.-e, bread and butter. 
 9fltld)brob, -e$, pi. -C# French bread, 
 ©cfywarjbrob, -c$, pi. -?, brown bread. 
 SBeijj&rob, -C$J pi. -** wheat bread. 
 9lpfclntu|l, -c3, pi -e, apple-sauce. 
 ©atfrotrf, -3, confectionery. 
 Gonfcft', -eo, sAveet-meats. 
 ©ertcr)t, -e£, pi -e, dish of food. 
 $rii()ftutf, -i, pi. -c, breakfast. 
 SWittacjcfien, -t, pi. -# dinner. 
 Slbenbbrob, -?*, pi. -?,) 
 Slbenbcffcn, -?, pi. -# 5 
 ScjlclTen, -?, pi -v Uanquet. 
 
 ©affona$I, -?, pi. -mabtcr,) 
 SBoffcr, -J# pi. -/ water, ff = t. 
 SWinerctlroaffcr, -?, pi.-/ mineral water. 
 SBtcr, -?/ pi. -:> beer, ie = ee. 
 
 supper. 
 
 6. *HeUmn0 imb Soiletteoegenfiantie. Clothing and Toilet- 
 Articles. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 9ltlaji/ -e3/ pi. -e, satin. 
 Sajfet/ -3, pi. -e/ taffeta. 
 Sammet, -3, pi. -fr velvet. 
 23.nvbent, -5, pi. -C/ dimity. 
 Sattft'/ -ti, pi. -e, cambric. 
 &attmr% -3, pi. -e, calico. 
 $Ior, -e£, pi. -e, crape. 
 SKuJTclin'/ -?/ pi. -f/ muslin. 
 23efa£', -f8» pi. -e, trimming. 
 Siocc/ -3, pi. 9J5cfC/ coat. 
 
 fvratf, -3/ pi. $rcid'e, dress-coat. 
 (Sd)Iafrccf, -3, pl.-rode, dressing-gown. 
 UefceiTOcf, -3, pi. -rode, overcoat. 
 Slermel, -?, pi. -, sleeve. 
 5traa,en, -*# pi. -/ collar, 
 ©urtel, -3/ pi. -/ sash (girdle, fl = i). 
 |>ofentrager, -3/ pi. -/ suspenders, 
 ©trumpf, -£*» pi. ©triimpfe, stocking. 
 @.i)u(v -?, pi. ©dutlje, shoe, fd) = sh. 
 9)antoffef, -i, pi. -> slipper, 
 ©ttefel, -3/ pi. -/ boot. 
 &ut, -e$, pi. £ute, hat. u = a. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 277 
 
 <Sd)Teter, -4, pi. -, veil. 
 2Jhiff, -ed, pi. Sfluffe, muff. 
 SRegenfdjirm, -e3, pi. -:, umbrella. 
 (S;mnenfd)inn, -c## pi. -e, parasol. 
 <Sd)mucf,-es3, pi. -e, jewelry, ornament. 
 Sbelftctn, -?, pi. -e, jewel. 
 SMamant', -en, pi. -en, diamond. 
 (Smaragb'/ -t3, pi. -e, emerald. 
 Sftubtn', -$, pi. -e, ruby, 
 ©ranaf, -en, pi. -en, garnet. 
 Sfttng, -eS, pi. -e, ring. 
 3W cmfdjet'tenfnopf, -«J, pi. -f nopfe, sleeve- 
 button. 
 £egen, -3, pi -, sword, dagger, 
 ©porn, -e3, pi. -en (or ©poren), spur. 
 ©ttefelfned)t, -e3, pi. -e, boot-jack. . 
 ©elbbeutel, -3, pi. -# purse. 
 jfttmm, -e£, pi. Kamme, comb, a = o. 
 Bafynftocfyer, -$, pi. -, toothpick. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 ©cibe, -, pi. -n, silk. 
 Seinttcmb, -, pi. -:, linen. 
 33aumr»otIe, -, pi. -n, cotton, 
 gronfe, -, pi. -n, fringe. 
 $appe, -, pi. -£] 
 Wttyt, -/ pi. -n, fcap. 
 ■£>aube, -, pi. -nj 
 2Bcjlc, -, pi. -n, vest. 
 ©ccfe, -, pi. -n, sock. 
 Xafdje, -, pi. -n, pocket. 
 <Sd)ur$e, -, pi. -n, apron. 
 £>at£tunbe, -, pi. -n, cravat 
 9)ianfd}ct'te, -, pi. -n, cuff. 
 
 23riIIe, -, pi. -n, spectacles. 
 S3itfennabel, -, pi. -a, breastpin. 
 $PerIe, -, pi. -n, pearl, e = a. 
 <3d)itafle, -, pi. -n, buckle. 
 23urfte, -, pi. -3* brush, ur = ru. 
 ©tecfnabef, -, pi. -n, pin. 
 £actrnabc(, -, pi. -V, hairpin. 
 9idtmabe[, -, pi. -n, needle, a = ee. 
 ©djere, -, pi. -n, scissors, shears. 
 SG3id)fe, -, pi. -n, blacking. 
 $Poma'be, -, pi -n, pomatum, 
 ©eife, -> pi. -n, soap, ei =• oa ; f = p. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Sa4»'H$« pi. Slider,) 
 Stuo, -eS, pi. -e, 5 
 
 cloth. 
 
 9M,$rocrf, -4, peltry. • g = t. 
 gutter, -$, pi. -, lining. 
 $tetb, -if, pi. -er, dress, cloth. et=o). 
 Semflcib, -cS, pi. -er, pantaloons. 
 Sorfctt', -c## pi. -e, corset. 
 £emb, -f* f pi. -en, shirt. 
 £afd)cntud), -e$, pi. -tiller, handker- 
 chief. 
 ©trumpfbanb, -e3, pi. -bcinber, garter. 
 ©efd)meibe, -3, pi. -, jewelry. 
 Slrmbanb, -c$, pi. -bdnber, bracelet. 
 £at3bcmb, -e$# pi. -banber, necklace. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 ©ptjjen, -, laces. 
 £>ofen, -, pantaloons. 
 Unterbofen, -, drawers. 
 $ama'fd)en, -, gaiters. 
 
 7. $ag §auS. The House. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 teller, -4, pi. -, cellar, 
 ©cbornftein, -3, pi. -e, chimney. 
 Jtaintn', -$, pi. -c, fire-place. 
 
 ©actT, -e3, pi. ©cite, saloon, hall. 
 gupboben, -£, pi, -boben, floor. 
 3Bebo»,-*,pl.8Sk8, > t 
 
 2)ad)boben, -3, pi. -boben,) 
 
278 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 (Spetcfyer, -o, pi. -/ granary. 
 
 Slbtvttt, -rt, pi. -e, privy, closet. 
 
 fftk%tU -w pi. -, bolt, door-bar, rail. 
 
 |xwSfd)lujfcl, -4, pi. -, front-door key. 
 
 $»f, -e* f pi. £i)fc, yard. 
 
 Srunnen, -$, pi. -, well. 
 
 Stall, -$, pi. (Stdllc, stable, stall. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 ©djelle, -, pi. -n, small bell. 
 £au$tf»ure, -, pi. -n, front door, 
 ©tube, -, pi. -n, room (stove, obs.). 
 Sapete, -/ pi. -n, wall-paper. 
 £etfc, -, pi. -n, ceiling. 
 $iid)e, -, pi. -n, kitchen. dj = tch. 
 ©peiferammer, -, pi. -n, larder. 
 Sreppe, -, pi. -n, staircase (trap). 
 Slammer, -, pi. -n, chamber. 
 2)ad)fammer, -, pi. -n, garret. 
 2)ad)rutne> -/ pi. -n, gutter. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 2Bofmfjau3, -e<3, pi. -Ijaufer, dwelling- 
 house. 
 
 £oftf)or, -e£, pi. -e, court-yard gate. 
 
 $rct£etfen, -3, pi. -, scraping-iron. 
 
 <&&)h% -t&, pi. ©differ, lock. 
 
 (£rbgefd)oj5, -es?, pL -e, ground floor. 
 
 3tmmer, -<?, pi. -, room. 
 
 SBofynjtmmer, -$, pi. -, sitting-room. 
 
 23efud)'stmmer, -$, pi. -, parlor, draw- 
 ing-room. 
 
 $or$immer, -i, pi. -, ante-chamber. 
 
 ©peifejtmmer, -, pi. -, dining-room. 
 
 ©tubir'$immcr, -i, pi. -, study. 
 
 <3d)lafjimmer, -3, pi. -, bed-room. 
 
 Sreppengeldnbcr, -$, pi. -, staircase-raiL 
 
 ©totfroerf, -*$» pi. -c, story. 
 
 £)ctd), -i§, pi. '©adjer, roof. 
 
 ©efoolbe, -3, pi. -, vault. 
 
 8. £au§0erotlje. Furniture. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £epptd>, -$# pi. -e, carpet. 
 £ifd), -e$, pi. -e, table (desk, t = d). 
 ©tuljl, -3, pi. ©tiibje, chair (stool), 
 ©effel, -3, pi. -, arm-chair. 
 ©cfyemel, -3, pi. -, foot-stool. 
 (Spiegel, -§, pi. -, looking-glass. 
 33iid)erfd)ranf, -§, pi. -fd)rdnfe, book- 
 case. 
 2eud)ter, -$, pi. -, candle-stick. 
 9?af)men, -§, pi. -, frame. 
 <Strot)facf^ -3, pi. -fade, straw-bed. 
 Cfcn, -i, pi. Defcn, stove (oven). 
 $cri>/ -c^/ pi. -e, hearth, e = ea. 
 £effel, -i. pi. -/ kettle, ff = tt. 
 Sbeefeffel, -§, pi. -/ tea-kettle. 
 £iegef, -3, pi. -/ skillet. 
 £opf, -e<?, pi. Sopfe, pot (top. pf=p). 
 
 ©d)rcmf, -e3, pi. ©d)ranfe, cupboard. 
 Setter, -$, pi. -, plate. 
 Bojfel/ -$« pi. -, spoon. 
 £orb, -t§, pi. tfijibe, basket. 
 true*, -e3, pi. $riige, pitcher. 
 33ed)er, -3, pi. -, tumbler, beaker. 
 'Decfet, -%, pi. -, cover. 
 $iibel, -, pi. -, tub, keeve. ii = n. 
 (Etmer, -3, pi. -/ bucket, pail. 
 £rid)ter, -3, pi. -, tunnel. 
 Sftorfer, -3, pi. -, mortar. 
 SBefeU/ -$# pL -v broom, besom. e = o. 
 ©taubbefen, -3, pi. -, duster. 
 $)ropfen, St pi. -/ cork. 
 g)fropfen$teli)er, -& pi. -, corkscrew. 
 £>od)t, -e3, pi. -e, wick. 
 SBafferftetn, -4* pi. -*# sink. 
 
 :ifd> -e£, pi. -c, wash-stand. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 279 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 JUfte, -/ pi. -11, chest, f = ch ; i = e. 
 tfomo'be, -, pi. -n, bureau. 
 (5d)uMabe, -, pi. -n, drawer. 
 SBettlabe, -, pi. -n, bedstead. 
 3ftcttra'£e, -, pi. -n, mattress. 
 33ettbetfe, -, pi. -n, coverlet. 
 2Barmfiafd)e, -, pi. -n, warming-pan. 
 SBtege, -, pi. -n, cradle. 
 33anf, -, pi. SBanfe, bench. 
 $erje, -/ pi. -11/ candle, taper. 
 SMdjrpufce, -, pi. -11/ snuffers. 
 Sampe, -/ pi. -rt/ lamp. 
 Sctter'ne, -, pi. -n, lantern. 
 @d)uppe/-/pl.-n/> hoyeL au = o> 
 ©cfyaufel, -/ pi. -n, ) 
 $euer$ana,e, -, pi. -n, tongs, g = t. 
 <Sd)ad)teI, -/ pi. -n, box. 
 @d)itffcl, -/ pi. -11/ dish. 
 <Snppenfd)itffeb -, pi. -n, tureen. 
 £affc, -/ pi. -ii, cup. 
 Untertaffe, -/ pi. -n, saucer. 
 Bucferbofe, -/ pi. -n, sugar-box. 
 ©afrel, -/ pi. -ii, fork. 
 gtafd)e, -/ pi. -11/ bottle, flask, 
 tone, -, pi. -11/ pot (can). 
 $affeefanne, -/ pi. -n, coffee-pot. 
 $Pfefferbud)fc, -/ pi. -n, pepper-box. 
 9)famie, -/ pL -*t pan. &f = p. 
 ©emet'te, -, pi. -it, napkin. 
 
 Mr, -, pi. -oil/ time-piece, clock, 
 
 watch. 
 2Banbuf)r, -, pl.'-eti/ house-clock. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 blaster', -3, pi. -e, piano. 
 (Sofa, -3/ pi. -3, sofa. 
 $ulr, -e$, pi. -e, desk (pulpit), 
 ©emal'be, -3, pi. -, picture. 
 33i'td)erbrett, -e$, pi. -er, book-shelves. 
 Sett, -e£, pi. -en, bed. tt = d. 
 fteber&ett, -e3, pi. -en/ feather-bed. 
 $otfler, -3, pi. -/ bolster. » = b. 
 $tffcn, -3, pi. -/ pillow, cushion. 
 33etttud), -e$, pi. -tud)ev, sheet. 
 2Bafd)fccfen, -3, pi. -, wash-bowl. 
 ©Ia3, -e3, pi. ©lafer, glass. 
 £anbtnd> -e3, pi. -titd)er, towel. 
 $ajld)en, -3, pi. -, box. 
 3utibf)ol3/ -e$, pi. -tyotjer, match. 
 Safcltud), -€** pi. -tud)er, table-cloth. 
 Sfyeefielv -e3, pi. -e, tea-strainer. 
 ©aljfaji, -e3, pi. -fciffer, salt-cellar. 
 STOeffer, -3, pi. -/ knife. 
 ilitd)eng,efd)trr, -3, pi. -c, kitchen- 
 utensils. 
 ©fcfc/ -e3, pi. -e/ sieve, fc = v. 
 <3d)ureifen, -3/ pi. -, poker. 
 SBiigeleifen, -3, pi. -/ smoothing-iron. 
 %a$, -e$, pi. gaffer, barrel (vat). 
 
 9. #au8tljiere. Domestic Animals. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £unb, -e3, pl.-e, dog (hound. u = ou). 
 3Bmbf)unb, -e3, pi. -, greyhound. 
 ©piir&unb, -t&, pi. -e, setter, 
 ©aul, -3, pi. ©aulc, horse. 
 SWaulefeT, -3, pi. -, mule, 
 ©fel, -3, pi. -, donkey. 
 
 ©tier, -e3, pi. -e, bull (steer, te = ee). 
 Dd)3, -en, pi. -en; Dd)fe, -n, pi. -n, 
 
 ox. 
 £a!jn, -$# pi. Ratine, cock. 
 Jrutfjafin, -3, pi. -Iiafyne, turkey, 
 spfau, -e<?, pi. -e, peacock, pf = p. 
 <3d)tt>an, -3, pi. <Sd)roane, swan. 
 
280 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 tfafce, -, pi. -n, cat. § = t. 
 
 2ttau3, -, pi. Sttdufe, mouse, an = ou. 
 
 $atte, -, pi. -n, rat. 
 
 (Suite, - pi. -n, mare (steed. u = ee). 
 
 $uf>/ - pi. ilufte, cow. u = ow. 
 
 Siege, - pi. -n, goat. 
 
 •£>enne, - pi. -n, hen. 
 
 (Snte, - pi. -n, duck. 
 
 ©and, -, pi. ©dnfe, goose, a = oo. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 3>ferb, -*9, pi. -e, horse. 
 
 9?op, -e3, pi. -e, steed (horse, ro = or). 
 
 ftulien, -3, pi. -, colt, foal, u = oa. 
 
 tfalb, -e3, pi. talker, calf, fc = f . 
 
 Samm, -e<3, pi. hammer, lamb. 
 
 Bicflcin, -3, pi. -, kid. 
 
 geberx>ict), -3, poultry. 
 
 £uf)n, -3, pi. £itfmer, fowl. 
 
 ©cfyroein, -3, pl.-e, hog, swine. fa)= s. 
 
 10. $er ©arten. The Garden. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Saumgarten, -«, pi. -aarten,) orchard 
 
 Dbftgarten, -3, pi. -garten, 5 
 
 23lumengarten, -3, pi. -garten, flower- 
 garden. 
 
 3aun, -3, pi. Baune, fence. 
 
 $afen, -3, pi. -, turf, sod. 
 
 2Beif»er, -3, pi. -, fish-pond. 
 
 ©prinabrunnen, -3, pi. -, fountain. 
 
 ©aunt, -eft, pi. SBdume, tree (beam). 
 
 <3traud), -e3, pi. Strducfyer,), , 
 
 S3ufd>, -e3, pi. S3iifd)e, 5 US ' 
 
 STpfelbaum, -3, pi. -fraume, apple-tree. 
 
 S3irnkum, -3, pi. -bourne, pear-tree. 
 
 SSetnftocf, -3, pi. -jtocfe, grape-vine. 
 
 3ol)annt3beerftraud), -e3, pi. -jMudje, 
 currant-bush. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 33cmmfduite, - pi. -n, nursery. 
 £ecfe, -, pi. -n, hedge, 
 ©artentaube, - pi. -n, arbor. 
 9)flan$e, -, pi. -n, plant, pf = p. 
 £reibfjau3pflanse, - pi. -n, green-house 
 
 plant. 
 Siebe, -, pi. -n, grape-vine. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 33eet, -e3, pi. -e, bed. ee = e ; t = d. 
 
 33lumenbeet, -c3, pi, -e, flower-bed. 
 
 ©arteni)au3, -e3, pi. -f)dufer, summer- 
 house. 
 
 ®erca$3'ljau3, -e3, pi. -tyaufer, green- 
 house. 
 
 £retb£)au3, -e3, pi. -|)dufer, hot-house. 
 
 11. Slumcn unfc $ritdjte. Flowers and Fruits. 
 
 Masculine. 
 3a$min', -3, pi. -z, jessamine, 
 gottenjtt^n, -3, pi. -jcibne, dandelion. 
 Otitterfpom, -3, pi. -e, larkspur. 
 5Balbmet)ler, -3, pi. -3, forest-ward. 
 Stpfel, -3, pi. Slepfef, apple. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 $no3pe, -, pi. -n, bud. 
 23lutbe, - pi. -it, blossom. 
 SBtume, - pi. -it, flower (bloom). 
 SRofe, -, pi. -n, rose. 
 £ulpe, -, pi. -a, tulip. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 281 
 
 Silte, - pi. -tt, lily. 
 9Mfe, -, pi. -it, pink. 
 £e»fo'je, -, pi. -n, gillyflower. 
 ^or^tf'fe, - pi. -n, narcissus. 
 fyaim'fy, -, pi. -n, hyacinth. 
 $latfd)rofe, - pi. -it, cup-rose, 
 tfornblume, - pi. -n, blue-bonnet. 
 J?e:nfrud)t, - pi. -friid)te, kernel-fruit. 
 S3trne, -, pi. -n, pear. b = p ; t = ea. 
 Quttte, -, pi. -:t, quince. 
 Gitvo'ne, -, pi. -:i, lemon, citron. 
 Slpfelft'nc, -, pi. -n, sweet orange. 
 2lnaita3, -3, pi. -e, pineapple, ananas. 
 SWclo'ne, -, pi. -n, melon. 
 $?W, - pi. -tt, iig. et = i. 
 (Stent frud>t, - pi. -friidite, stone-fruit. 
 &trfd)e, - pi. -tt, cherry. 
 §>ftauaic f - pi. -tt, plum, pf = p. 
 3rcetfd>e, - pi. -n, prune. 
 3>ftrjtd)e, - pi. -n, peach. 
 Slprifo'fe, -, pi. -n, apricot, f = t. 
 
 battel, -, pi. -n, date, palm-fruit. 
 Sitfj, - pi. 9?u{fe # nut. fj = t. 
 tfajla'ttie, -, pi. -tt, chestnut. 
 SRanbcl, -, pi. -tt, almond. 
 33ud)crfev, -, pi. -tt, beechnut, u = ee. 
 (£td)el, - pi. -tt, acorn. 
 Seere, - pi. -tt, berry. 
 (Erbbeere, - pi. - strawberry. 
 £imbeere, -, pi. -it, raspberry, 
 ©rombeeve, - pi. -it, blackberry. 
 3Raulbeere, -, pi. -it, mulberry. 
 Sofyatt'tttebeere, -, pi. -tt, currant. 
 £raube, -, pi. -n, grape. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Setldjen, -3, pi. -, violet. 
 Skrgijj'meinntdjt, -3, pi. -e, forget-me- 
 not. 
 ©etJ3blatt,-e3,pl. -Matter, honeysuckle. 
 £>bfl, -e3, pi. -e, fruit. 
 
 12. SBaitBttumc unto ftcl&fnidjte. Forest-trees and Fruits of 
 the Field. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Snjorn, -3, pi. -c, maple. 
 
 SBetbettbattm, -3, pi. -bdume, willow. 
 
 SBeijen, -3, wheat, et = ea ; j s t. 
 
 Sfcoggen, -5, rye. og = y. 
 
 £afer, -3, oats.. 
 
 $et§, -c3, rice, et = i. 
 
 Saba!, -$, pi. -e, tobacco. 
 
 .ftlce, ■-$, clover. 
 
 
 Ulme, - pi. -it, elm. it = e. 
 
 [bush 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Sauntroollenfiaube, -, pi. -it, 
 
 cotton- 
 
 33irfe, - pi. -n, birch. 
 
 ©crfte, - barley. 
 
 
 S3ud)e, - pi. -n, beech. 
 
 |>irfe, -, millet. 
 
 
 Seber, - pi. -n, cedar. 
 
 
 
 Eppref'fc, - pi. -n, cypress. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 
 (£id)e, - pi. -n, oak. 
 
 ©etrct'be, -3, grain. 
 
 
 (Erie, -, pi. -it, alder. 
 
 $orn, -3, corn, grain. 
 
 
 (£fd)e, -, pi. -n, ash. 
 
 2Belfd)fortt, -3, maize. 
 
 
 (£3pe, -, pi. -it, aspen. 
 $id)te, -, pi. -it, pine, 
 ftebre, -, pi. -it, fir. o = i. 
 Semite, -, pi. -n, pine ; fir-tree. 
 £ard)e, - pi. -it, larch, d = a. 
 Ctttbe, - pi. -tt, linden-tree. 
 5>alme, -, pi. -it, palm-tree. 
 $appel, -, pi. -it, poplar. 
 5ftprte, -, pi. -it, myrtle. 
 
282 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OP NOUNS. 
 
 13. ©rtocr&gjtoeige. Branches of Industry. 
 
 Natural Gender. 
 23auer, -3, pi. -n, peasant (boor), 
 ©drtncr, -tf, pi. -, gardener.' t = d. 
 SButjer, -3, pi. -, vintner. 
 ©ci)afcr,-3pl.-J d> 
 
 £trte, -n, pi. -n, ) 
 £irttn, -, pi. -nen, shepherdess. 
 Saajofiner, -3, pi. -, day-laborer. 
 £anbtt>erfer, -3, pi. -, mechanic, 
 duller, -3, pi. - miller. 
 33dcfcr, -3, pi. -, baker. 
 Budcrbdtfer, -g, pi. _ confectioner. 
 » P3 er,- S , P l.-,) butcher _ 
 gtet|d)er, -3, pi.- > 
 
 Sifter, -3, pi. - fisherman, fd) = sh. 
 SSeber, -3, pi. -, weaver, c = ea. 
 £epptd)ttnrfer, -3, pi. - carpet-manu- 
 facturer. 
 
 (Stirfcr, - pi. -, rnasc. ) 
 \,fcmS 
 
 .'embroiderer. 
 
 ©titferm, -, pl.-nen, 
 
 garter, -3, pi. -, dyer, 
 ©djneiber, -3, pi. -, tailor. 
 Wdbertn, - pi. -nen, seamstress, 
 ©erber, -3, pi. -, tanner. 
 £anbfd)ub,mad)er, -3, pi. -, glover. 
 <Sd)ui)mad)er, -3, pi. -, shoemaker. 
 £utmad)er, -3, pi. -, hatter. 
 23arbter', -3, pi. -e, barber, 
 grifcur', -3, pi. -e, hair-dresser. 
 S3rauer, -3, pi. - brewer, au - ew. 
 $iifer, -4, pi. - cooper. u = oo; f=p. 
 2adi'rer, -3, pi. - varnisher. 
 iDfaurer, -3, pi. - mason. 
 (2teinme$, -e3, pi. -e, stone-cutter. 
 Btmmevmann, -3, pi. -leute, carpenter. 
 (£d)reiner, -3, pi. -, joiner. 
 £tfd)ler, -3, pi. - cabinet-maker. 
 £ape$ie'rer, -3, pi. -, upholsterer. 
 SSergol'ber, -3, pi. - gilder, ser = — . 
 <3d)crnfteinfeger, -3, pi. - chimney- 
 sweep. 
 
 2Baper, -3, pi. -, carriage-maker. 
 
 ©attler, -3, pi. -, saddler, tt = dd. 
 
 ©lafer, -3, pi. -, glazier. 
 
 <5d)loffer, -3, pi. - locksmith. 
 
 <Sd)mteb, -e3, pi. -e, smith, fd) = s. 
 
 ®robfd)mteb, -e$, pi. -e, blacksmith. 
 
 38affenfd)mieb, -e$, pi. -e, armorer. 
 
 2tteflerfd)mteb, -e$, pi. -e, cutler. 
 
 8led)fd)mieb, -e$, pi. -e, tinman. 
 
 SSttecba'mfer, -3, pi. -, mechanician. 
 
 Uf)rmad)er, -3, pi. -, watch-maker. 
 
 •Setter, -3, pi. -, rope-maker. 
 
 <2efcer, -, pi. -, compositor. 
 
 Sucfybrucfer, -3, pi. -, (book) printer. 
 
 33ud)btnber, -3, pi. -, bookbinder. 
 
 ftaufmann, -3, pi. -leute, merchant. 
 
 $afit'rer, -3, pi. -, cashier. 
 
 33ud)ljalter, -3, pi. -, book-keeper. 
 
 jtunftfjdnbler, -3, pi. - dealer in works 
 of art. 
 
 SKuftfa'Uenljdnbler, -3, pi. -, music- 
 dealer. 
 
 S8ud)bdnbter, -3, pi. - bookseller. 
 
 £ud)tjdnbler, -3, pi. - cloth-merchant. 
 
 spferbefydnbler, -3, pi. - horse-dealer. 
 
 2Bed)3(er, -3, pi. -, exchanger, broker. 
 
 Tmwelter', -3, pi. -e, jeweler. 
 
 »aumcift £ r,-, P l.-,') rch . tect _ 
 
 5Trd)ttefr , -en, pi. -en, ) 
 
 3etd)ner, -3, pi. -, designer. 
 
 ©eome'ter, -3, pi. -,) 
 
 surveyor. 
 
 ftelbmeffer, -3, pi. 
 
 Sngenteur', -3, pi. -e, engineer. 
 
 Sflctfdjt'nenbauer, -3, pi. -, machinist. 
 
 2lrjt, -e3/ pi. STergte, physician. 
 
 SBunbarjt, -e«, pi. -ar S te,j gurgeon _ 
 
 (Sljirurg/, -e£, pi. -e, > 
 
 Sfnerargt, -e3, pi. -ar$te, veterinary 
 
 surgeon. 
 3ab,nar$t, -e$, pi. -drgte, dentist. 
 Slugenarjt, -e$, pi. — ar^te, oculist. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 283 
 
 £ebamme, -, pi. -n, midwife. 
 Stpottje'fer, -i, pi. -, apothecary. 
 Sbeolo'ge/ -n, pi. -n, theologian. 
 9)rebtger, -%, pi. -, preacher. 
 9)fctrrcr, -3, pi. -, minister, pastor. 
 Sflond), -eS, pi. -e, monk. 5 = o; d) =k. 
 9tonne, -, pi. -n, nuii. o = u. 
 mt, -it, pi. Stebtc, abbot. 
 Slebtif'ftn, -, pi. -nen, abbess. 
 SBtfaof, -3, pi. Siftyofe, bishop. 
 (£r$bifd)of, -3, pi. -bifd)5fe, archbishop. 
 (EarbinaV, -3, pi. Sarbina'le, cardinal. 
 $abfr, -e3, pi. 9)abfte, pope, a = o. 
 sp&tlolo'ger-it, pi- -*» philologist. 
 Setter, -3* pi. -» (male) teacher. 
 Sefncrtn, -, pi. -nen, (female) teacher, 
 ©cbulmeijler, -3, pi. -/ schoolmaster. 
 <3d)ittlebrer, -$, pi. -, school-teacher, 
 ghofif for, -«, pi. -en/ professor. 
 ©efcbid)t3'forfd)er, -3, pi. -/ historian. 
 2Ilterrfyum3forfd)er, -3, pi.-, antiquarian. 
 <Sprad)forfd)er, -$, pi. -/ philologist, 
 spbilofopf)', -en, pi. -en, philosopher. 
 9?atur / forfd)er, -3, pi. -/ naturalist. 
 Sflatfyemct'tifer,-^ pi.-, mathematician, 
 sp^jioto'ge, -n, pi. -n, physiologist, 
 spfyrcnoto'ge, -n, pi. -n, phrenologist. 
 
 df)emtfer, -3, pi. -, chemist. 
 
 ©eolo'gc, -n, pi. -n, geologist. 
 
 Dpttfer, -$, pi. -, optician. 
 
 Stttneralo'ge, -n, pi. -it, mineralogist. 
 
 ©ota'nifer, -^, pi. -, botanist. 
 
 Soofoty, -n, pi. -n, zoologist. 
 
 <3d)riftfteUer, -3, pi. -, writer, author. 
 
 SSerfaffcr, -<?, pi. -, author, compiler. 
 
 £eraue'geber, -$, pi. -, publisher. 
 
 9iebat"teur', -g, pi. -c, editor. 
 
 <5d)reibcr, -3, pi. -, copyist, scribe. 
 
 $imftler, -3, pi. -, wasc. } . . , 
 „., ., . /-aiiist. 
 
 Jtun|tlertn, -, pi. -nen, /em.) 
 
 Silbljauer, -£, pi. -, sculptor. 
 
 $upfer[ted)er, -S, pi. -, engraver. 
 
 gttbograpf)', -en, pi. -en, lithographer. 
 
 SJtolcr, -*> pi. -, painter. 
 
 9>botograpl/, -en, pi. -en, photographer. 
 
 £>td)ter, -3, pi. -, poet. 
 
 <3d)aufpieler, -3, pi. -, actor. 
 
 (Sd)cmfpielerin, -, pi. -nen, actress. 
 
 Sftnftfer, -3, pi. -, musician. 
 
 23trttto'fe, -n, pi. -n, virtuoso. 
 
 5tapeITmetfter, -3, pi. -, conductor of 
 
 a band. 
 
 Sanger, -3, pi. -, mate. 1 gil 
 
 ©angerin, -, pi. -nen, /em.) 
 
   singer. 
 
 14. Siiugetljicrc. Mammals. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Sfffe, -n, pi. -n, ape. ff = p. 
 £trfd), -e3, pi. -e, stag. 
 21uerod)3, -en, pi. -en, urus. 
 SSufFcl, -3>, pi. -; buffalo. 
 #afe, -n, pi. -n, hare, f = r. 
 Stber, -3, pi. -, beaver. i=ea; 
 3geU -3, pi. -> hedgehog. 
 9Nauta>urf, -a, pi. -trutrfe, mole. 
 barber, -4, pi. -, marten. 
 Bobcl, -3, pi. -, sable. 
 gud)3, -e^, pi. $iid)fe, fox. 
 
 2Bolf, -e«, pi. SBSlfe, wolf. 
 33dr, -en, pi. -en, bear, a = ea. 
 (Etebar, -en, pi. -en, polar bear. 
 Sbroe, -n, pi. -n, lion. 
 £iger, -3, pi. -, tiger. 
 £ud)3, -eS, pi. -e, lynx. 
 Slepfwnr', -en, pi. -en, elephant; 
 (Eber, -#, pi. -, wild-boar. 
 (Seefyunb, -e3, pi. -e, sea-dog, seal. 
 £>elpt)tn', -3, pi. -e# dolphin. 
 SMftfdV -«^ P 1 - ~ e ' whale, ro = wh. 
 
284 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 Feminine, 
 ©emfe, -, pi. -n, chamois. 
 ftine, - pi. -n, hyena. 
 fttfdptttr, - pi. -n, otter, 
 glcbermaua, -, pi. -maufe, bat. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 (£id)lprnd)en, -3, pi. -, squirrel. 
 SBiffri, -a, pi. -, weasel, ie = ea. 
 tain'djen, -a, pi. -, rabbit. 
 
 3Reerfd)ttetttd)ett, -a, pi. - Guinea-pig. 
 (Stad)elfd)n>cin, -a, pi. -e, porcupine. 
 3ebra, -a, pi. -a, zebra. 
 Dtcmttljicr, -4, pi. -e, reindeer, t = d. 
 did), -$, pi. -e, deer, roe. e = oe. 
 ftomeer, -3, pi. -e, camel. 
 Dvomebar, -a, pi. -e, dromedary, 
 fftctaljorn, -, pi. -e, rhinoceros. 
 9iilpferb, -«## pi. -i, hippopotamus. 
 2Balln>jj, -*3# pi- -^ walrus. 
 
 15. SBogcf. Birds. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 (Stngpogel, -a, pi. -Pogcl, bird of song. 
 
 taa'riensogcl, -a,, pi. -sijgel, Canary- 
 bird. 
 
 33ud)ftnfe, -n, pi. -n, chaffinch. f = ch. 
 
 ^ufucf, -a, pi. -e, cuckoo. 
 
 ©impel, -a, pi. - bullfinch. 
 
 Jtoltbri, -a, pi. -a, humming-bird. 
 
 (Sperling, -a, pi. -e, sparrow. 
 
 SBtebe&opf, -ea, pi. -e, peewit. 
 
 (Stactr, -a, pi. -e, starling. 
 
 Dtabe, -n, pi. -n, raven, b = v. 
 
 SDapaget, -a, pi. -e, parrot. 
 
 gafait', -4, pi. -e, pheasant. 
 
 ©umppoogel, -a, pi. -ttogel, wader. 
 
 ©tntnf, -ea, pi. -t, ostrich. 
 
 tfranid), -a, pi. -e, crane. 
 
 (Stored, -e^, pi. 6t5rd)e, stork, d) = k. 
 
 (ShmnpogeT, -a, pi. -Pogel, stormy 
 petrel. 
 
 Otaufcsogel, -a, pi. -Poget, bird of prey. 
 
 Slbler, -a, pi. -, eagle. 
 
 ©eier, -a, pi. -, vulture. 
 
 $dfe, -n, pi. -it, falcon. 
 Uf)U, -a, pi. -a, horn-owl. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Sftacfytigatl, -, pi. -en, nightingale, 
 ©raamiicfe, -, pi. -en, hedge-sparrow. 
 Serene, -, pi. -n, lark, e = a ; d) = k. 
 SImfel, -, pi. -n, blackbird. 
 1)roffet, -, pi. -n, thrush, throstle, 
 ajacfyjlclje, -, pi. -n, wagtail. 
 ©djroalbe, -, pi. -n, swallow, fd) = s. 
 2Bad)tel, -, pi. -n, quail, 
 jlralje, -, pi. -n, crow, a = ow. 
 £)oljle, -, pi. -n, jackdaw. 
 Sifter, -. pi. -n, magpie. 
 ©cfyncpfe, -, pi. -n, snipe, fd) = s. 
 Wm, -, pi. -n, gull. 
 Gtbergcma, - pi. -ganfe, eider-duck. 
 (£u(e, -, pi. -n, owl. eu - ow. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 0totl)fd)tt>anj(d)en, -a, pi. -, red-start. 
 0Jotl)fef)ld)en, -a, pi. -, robin redbreast. 
 
 16. 2tmj)ljU)ien unfc $ifdje. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 SUltga'tor, -a, pi. -a, alligator. 
 Caiman, -a, pi. -e, cayman. 
 
 Amphibia and Fishes. 
 
 $rofd), -ea, pi. $rofd)e, frog. 
 ©alaman'ber,-a, P l.-> salamander> 
 2Md), -ea, pi. -e, ) 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 285 
 
 Sarfd), -€*, pi. -e, perch. 
 
 faring, -g, pi. -e, herring, a = e. 
 
 $arpfen, -g, pi. -, carp, pf = p. 
 
 £ed)t, -eg, pi. -e, pike. 
 
 9tal, -g, pi. -e, eel. act = ee. 
 
 £atftfd), -eg, pi. -e, shark. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 ©djilbfrote, -, pi. -n, turtle. 
 
 SRic fenfd) ilbfrote, -, pi. -tt, riant sea- 
 turtle, 
 (gibed) fe, -, pi. -n, lizard. 
 <Sd)lange, - pi. -n, snake. 
 2Minbfd)leid)e, -, pi. -n, blind-worm. 
 Matter, -, pi. -n, adder, viper. 
 $lapperfd)lange, - pi. -n, rattle-snake. 
 A'rijtc, - pi. -n, toad. 
 $orel'(e, - pi. -n, trout. 
 
 17. ^nfcftett, SBiirmer, u. f. f. Insects, Worms, &c. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 <£d)tnetterttng, -g, pi. -e, butterfly. 
 &&ftX, -g, pi. -, beetle ; chafer. 
 i?eud)tfafer, -g, pi. -, fire-fly. 
 $lof), -g, pi. %ltyz, flea, o = ea. 
 $rebg, -eg, pi. -e, crawfish. 
 23lutegel, -g, pi. -, leech, blood-sucker, 
 ©anbttmrm, -g, pi. -roiirmer, tape-wonn. 
 9)ofyp', -g, pi. -en, polypus. 
 $oralT, -g, pi. -en, coral. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 33tene, -, pi. -n, bee. te = ee. 
 £orntf'fe, - pi. -n, hornet, ff = t. 
 SBegpe, -, pi. -n, wasp, e = a. 
 pummel, -, pi. -n, bumble-bee. 
 SSflitcfe, -, pi. -n, fly, midge, u = i. 
 
 9)ferbebvemfe, -, pi. -n, horse-fly. 
 ftltege, -, pi. -n, fly. teg = y. 
 ©d)nafc, -, pi. -n, gnat, stinging-fly. 
 SSttogintt'tO, -, pi. -g, musquito. 
 2J?otte, -, pi. -n, moth, tt = th. 
 SImetfe, -, pi. -n, ant. 
 Saug, -, pi. gaufe, louse, au = ou. 
 2Ban^e, -, pi. -n, bed-bug. 
 ®rtile, -, pi. -n, cricket. 
 •£>eufd)retfe, -, pi. -n, locust. 
 <Stngctfabe, - pi. -n, katydid. 
 23lctttlctug, -, pi. -Idufe, plant-louse. 
 iJBafferjungfer, -, pi. -n, dragon-fly. 
 £ermi'te, - pi. -n, termite, termes. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 3nfufo'rten, -, infusoria. 
 
 18. SKincrtt'Kcn. Minerals. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 (Sd)»efel, -g, sulphur. 
 9)3ogpf>or, -g, phosphorus. 
 ®rctpf)tt', -g, pi. -e, graphite, 
 flrojtatt', -g, pi. -e, crystal. 
 JQuarj, -eg, pi. -e, quarz. 
 S3ergfr»|lall, -g, pi. -e, rock-crystal. 
 Sfyon, -g, clay, 
 ©limmer, -g, mica. 
 
 $elbfpaft), -eg, pi. -e, feldspar. 
 Malt, -eg, pi. -e, lime (chalk, f =ch). 
 «!J?ufd)elfaIf, -eg, shell-lime, 
 farmer, -g, marble. 
 ©9pg, -eg, gypsum. 
 gtufcfpatf),, -eg, fluor-spar. 
 SUcum, -g, pi. -e, alum. 
 £oitenftetn, -g, nitrate of silver. 
 (Sanbflctn, -g, pi. -c, sandstone. 
 
286 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 ©rantt', -$, pi. -e, granite, 
 ©tenit, -3, pi. -e, syenite. 
 33afdt', -e3, pi. -e, basalt. 
 Strait', -e$, pi. -e, asphaltum. 
 Sropffktn, -<3, pi. -e, stalactites. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 ©teinfoljle, -, pi. -tt, stone-coal. 
 23raimiot)le, -, pi. -n, bituminous coal, 
 tfreibe, -, pi. -n, chalk. 
 <3oba, - soda. 
 $)ottafd)e, -e, potash. 
 Zata, -, lava. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 SWetafl', -S, pi. -e, metal, 
 ©olb, -e$, gold. 
 
 9>tatm, -3, platina. 
 
 ©Mer, -3, silver. 6 = v. 
 
 Cuetf fttfcer, -3, quicksilver. 
 
 $upfer, -3, copper, u = o ; pf = pp. 
 
 3imt, -a, tin. j = t. 
 
 ©let, -3, lead. 
 
 ©ifen, -3, iron, ei = i ; f = r ; e = o. 
 
 Galium, -3, potassium. 
 
 Natrium, -3, sodium. 
 
 (£rj, -e$, pi. -e, ore. 
 
 @alj, -e3, pi. -e, salt. % - t. 
 
 ©teinfalj, -e$, rocksalt. 
 
 LV„ ' '> petroleum, kerosene, 
 ©temot, -3, ) 
 
 9?apf)ta, -$, naphtha. 
 
 ©cfyetbettaffer, -3, nitric acid. 
 
 $5mg3»afler, -3, nitro -muriatic acid. 
 
 19. SBtffcnfdj often. Sciences. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 9tatur'tt>tfrenfd)aft, - pi. -en, natural 
 
 sciences. 
 fWat&emattf', -, mathematics. 
 9Iritf)metif', -, arithmetic, 
 ©eometrte', -, geometry. 
 Sfledja'ntf, -, mechanics. 
 Sljfrononue, -, astronomy. 
 9>b9ftP, -, natural philosophy. 
 (Sfyemte', -, chemistry. 
 Sfleteorologte', -, meteorology. 
 
 ©eologte, -, geology. 
 Slnatomte, -, anatomy. 
 $&9ftologte, - physiology. 
 SKebtjin', -, medicine. 
 $e<fyt3nnffenfd)aft, -, jurisprudence. 
 Sljeologte, - theology. 
 spijUologte, - philology. 
 Stijeto'rtf, - rhetoric. 
 ©efd)td)'te, - history. 
 ©eograpf)te, -, geography. 
 3)§ilofop$ie, -, philosophy. 
 
 20. Mnffe. Arts. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 ©aufunjl,-, J architecture> 
 Slrcftiteftur', - > 
 ©ttb^auerfunjt,-,) 
 $tafttf, -, 5 * 
 
 Sftaleret, - painting. 
 ©laSmaleret, -, painting on glass. 
 
 3etd)enhmjr, - art of drawing. 
 ©cfyreifceftmft, -, chirography. 
 ©cfyonfdjretfcefunft, -, calligraphy. 
 JhtpferfteAfimft, - art of engraving, 
 ©itcfybritcferfimjr, -, art of printing. 
 ©tetnbrucferfunft, -, lithography. 
 Sftebefunft, - rhetoric. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 287 
 
 ~ * „ > music. 
 Sonfunfr, -,} 
 
 £)tcf)tfunfr, -, poetry. 
 
 Slejifjettf, - esthetics. 
 
 Neuter, 
 flunftoerf, -e3, pi. -c, work of art. 
 
 ©emaTbe, -4, pi. - painting. 
 Sonfrutf, -e3, pi. -e, piece of music, 
 ©ebicfyr', -e3, pi. -e, poem. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 2>ie fd)5nen tf'iinfle, -, fine arts. 
 
 Die bilbenben tfunjfe, -, formative arts. 
 
 21. ^Religion. Beligion. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 ©fotf&en, -3, belief, faith. 
 
 @lauben$fafc, -e3, pi. -fafce, doctiine, 
 dogma. 
 
 Sempel, -3, pi. -, temple. 
 
 ©ott, -e$, God. tt = d. 
 
 G^rijntS, - Christ. 
 
 ■£>err, -n, Lord. 
 
 (Engel, -a, pi. - angel. 
 
 Seufel, -3, pi. - devil, t = d ; en = e. 
 
 9>ropI)et', -en, pi. -en, prophet. 
 
 Slpof'tel, -3, pi. -, apostle. 
 
 hunger, -3, pi. -, disciple. 
 
 (Efyrijr, -en, pi. -en, Christian. 
 
 5?atf)oUP, -en, pi. -en, catholic. 
 
 $)roteftant', -en, pi. -en, protestant. 
 
 £nmmet, -3, pi. - heaven. 
 
 ©otteSbtenfi, -e3, pi. -e, divine service. 
 
 3ube, -n, pi. -n, Jew. 
 
 SflotyammebcmtemuS, -, Mohammedan- 
 ism. 
 
 33lam, -3, Mussulman faith. 
 
 £oran, -<?, Koran. 
 
 9ftof)ammebaner, -3, pi. -, )Moham- 
 
 SWnfelmann, -e3, pi. -manner, ) medan. 
 
 £>eibe, -n, pi. -n, heathen, et = ea. 
 
 ©ofce, -n, pi. -n, idol. 
 
 ©ofcenbienfr, -eg, pi. -e, idolatry. 
 
 ©ofcenbtener, -3, pi. -, idolater. 
 
 2>et3tnu3, -, deism. 
 
 ©eifr, -n, pi. -tt, deist. 
 
 9>ant&ei3mu3, -, pantheism. 
 
 $anrt)eifr, -en, pi. -en, pantheist. 
 2ltfyet3mu3, -, atheism. 
 SItfyeijr, -en, pi. -en, atheist. 
 5flatertalt3mu$, -, materialism. 
 Material tfr, -en, pi. -en, materialist, 
 ^reibenfer, -3, pi. -, freethinker. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 fReltgion^'frei^ett, -, religious freedom. 
 ©IcmbenSlefyre,-, pi. -n, system of faith. 
 $rebtgr, -, pi. -en, sermon. 
 Gtfyrtftentyeit, -, Christendom. 
 Staufe, -, pi. -n, "baptism. 
 Si&et, -, pi. -n, Bible. 
 £>eilige (Shrift, -, Holy Scriptures. 
 $trcfye, -, pi. -n, church, f = ch; i = u. 
 (Spnago'ge, -, pi. -n, synagogue. 
 Sftofdjee', -, pi. -n, mosque. 
 9)ago'be, -, pi. -n, pagoda. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 MgionS'&efennmij?, -e3, pi. -e, profes- 
 sion of faith. 
 
 ©lanknSkfenntmfiJ, -e$, pi. -e, confes- 
 sion of faith. 
 
 (£l)rt|lent{)um, -3, Christianity. 
 
 2Hte Sejtament', -e3, Old Testament. 
 
 9>kue Seftament', -e3, New Testament. 
 
 •£>etlta,e 9lbenbtnafyl, -3, Lord's Supper. 
 
 Sungfte ©erid)t', -e$, Last Judgment. 
 
 Subentfyum, -3, Judaism. 
 
 |>eibenttjmn, -3, heathendom, t = d. 
 
288 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 22. $a§ BtitaU. The Universe. 
 
 Masculine. 
 Stopfer, -*, pi. - creator (fd)affcn, 
 
 shape), 
 ©toff, -e3, pi. -e, matter (stuff. o = u). 
 $orper, -8, pi. - body. 
 Stern, -rt, pi. -e, star, e = a. 
 ftirftern, *?*, pi. -f, fixed star. 
 planet', -en, pi. -en, planet. 
 Xra&cutf, -en, pi. -en, satellite. 
 Sftonb, -f*, pi. -e, moon, o *» oo. 
 (Evbfb'vper, -3, pi. -, terrestrial body. 
 $)c(, -tS, pi. -e, pole. 
 Slequa'tor, -3, equator. 
 g)avallel'ireic, -tk, pi. -e, parallel. 
 2Benbefrei3, -t$, pi. -e, tropic. 
 3>olar'l;rei$, -e3, pi. -e, polar-circle. 
 Sfteribian', -3, pi. -e, meridian, 
 ©rab, -e3, pi. -e, degree. 
 Ocean, -3, pi. -e, ocean. 
 
 ©»§eCccan,-a, I Paci fi c Ocean. 
 
 ©title Ocean, -3,5 
 
 5lt(antifd)e Ocean, -3, Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 3nbifd)e Ocean, -3, Indian Ocean. 
 
 fWeerbufen, -3, pi. -, > lf 
 
 ©olf, -e3, pi. -e, > 
 
 ©unb, -e3, pi. -e, sound, n = ou. 
 
 toal', -3, pi. tand'le, channel. 
 
 ©olfilrom, -3, Gulf Stream. 
 
 ©trubet,-3,pl.-> vhirl Ql 
 
 SBtrM, -3, pi. -, > 
 
 SWaljrrom, -8, Maelstrom. 
 
 SBtnb, -e3, pi. -e, wind. 
 
 spaffat'rotnb, -e3, trade-wind. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 @d)opfung, -, pi. -en, creation. 
 SBelt, -, pi. -en, world. 
 9 ( catnr / , -, pi. -en, nature, 
 sflatur'fraft, -, pi. -frafte, power of 
 nature. 
 
 Sftate'rte, -, pi. -n, matter. 
 Sonne, -, pi. -n, sun. o = u. 
 (£rbe, -, pi. -n, earth, e = ea; b = th. 
 (Srbfugel, -, terrestrial globe. 
 £albfugel, -, pi. -S, hemisphere. 
 Sftttge, -, pi. -It; longitude. 
 Srette, -, pi. -n, latitude. 
 3one, -, pi. -n, zone. 
 £etf!e 3one, -, torrid zone . 
 ©cma§fgte Bone, -, temperate zone. 
 .ftalte 3one, -, frigid zone. 
 (See, -, pi. -n, sea. ee = ea. 
 Soge, -, pi. -n, wave, 
 ©etle, -, pi. -n, billow. 
 ©eaett,-,pl.-en,) tidei _ 
 
 gbbeunbglutl),-,) 
 Sbbe, -, pi. -n, ebb, ebb-tide. 
 glutb, -, pi. -en, flood, high tide. 
 ©prtngflutf), -, pi. -en, spring-tide. 
 SWeereSilromung, -, pi. -en, ocean-cur- 
 rent. 
 9fteere3tiefe, -, pi. -n, depth of the sea. 
 33ai, -, pi. -en, bay, at = ay. 
 S3ud)t, -, pi. -en, bight. u = i; d)=gh. 
 SKeerenge, -, pi. -n, strait. 
 Sanbenge, -, pi. -n, isthmus. 
 Mm, -, pi. -n, cliff, pp ae ff. 
 Snfel, -, pi. -n, island, 
 •galbtnfel, -, pi. -n, peninsula. 
 Sanbjunge, -, pi. -n, neck of land. 
 ©iibfee, -, Pacific Ocean. 
 9?orbfee, -, North Sea. 
 Oftfee, -, Baltic Sea. 
 $iifte, -, pi. -n, coast, u = oa. 
 (Ebene, -, pi. -n, plain (even, b = v). 
 •£>od)ebene, -, pi. -n, plateau, 
 sprarte', -, pi. -n, prairie. 
 SBitfte, -, pi. -n, desert. 
 ©afya'ra, -, Sahara. 
 STra'bifd^e SBiifle,-, Arabian Desert. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 289 
 
 2Saj7erf(fyeibe, -, pi. -n, watershed. 
 
 Quelle, - pi. -n, well. 
 
 SJfiinbung, - pi. -en, mouth, b = th. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 9?atur'gefefc, -eg, pi. -e, law of na- 
 ture. 
 
 Sltom', -g, pi. -e, atom. 
 
 ©efdwpf, -ti, pi. -e, creature. 
 
 ^lane'tenfyjlem, -g, pi. -e, planetary 
 system. 
 
 9J?eer, -eg, pi. -e, sea. 
 
 SBettmcer, -?$, pi. -t t ocean. 
 
 (Etgmeer, -eg, pi. -e, Polar Sea. 
 
 Slrabtfcfye SWeer, -eg, Arabian Sea. 
 
 SBmnenmeer, -eg, pi. -e, inland sea. 
 
 3tftttelmeer, -eg,^| 
 
 Sftittelldubifdje I Mediterranean Sea. 
 
 2Reer, -eg, j 
 9Tbrtarifd&e 9tteer, -eg, Adriatic Sea. 
 21eadtja)e SReer, -eg, ^Egean Sea. 
 9iotl)e2tteer,-eg,RedSea. »=e; t=d. 
 <5d&,tt>ar$e Sfteer, -eg, Black Sea. 
 $agptfd)e SReer, -eg, Caspian Sea. 
 Sobte SReer, -eg, Dead Sea. t - d. 
 ©aljttaffer, -g, salt-water, g = t. 
 (Su^roajfer, -g, fresh-water, 
 ©efta'be, -g, pi. -, shore, coast. 
 Sanb, -eg, pi. Sdnber, land. 
 StjHanb, -eg, continent. 
 
 flap, -eg, pi. -e, ) 
 Sorgebtrge, -g, pi. - $ 
 ©ebi'rge, -g, pi 
 
 cape, 
 mountains. 
 
 23. ©eograjiljifdjc ©enemtungen. Geographical Names. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £oren>ftrom, -g, St. Lawrence River. 
 
 SRtaga'rafaU, -g, Niagara Falls. 
 
 91majo'uenftrom, -g, River Amazon. 
 
 9ftf)etn, -g, Rhine. 
 
 Sflatn, -g, Main. 
 
 Nectar, -g, Neckar. 
 
 SBobenfee, -g, Lake Constance. 
 
 Stertoolbflabter See, -g, Lake Luzerne. 
 
 ©enfer ©ee, -g, Lake Geneva. 
 
 9ffl, -g, Nile. 
 
 ©angeg, -, Ganges. 
 
 Sutfbrat, -g, Euphrates. 
 
 <3d)tt>artft>alb, -fg, Black Forest. 
 
 Dbenroctlb, -eg, Odenwald. 
 
 £bitrtnger SBalb, -eg, Thuringian 
 
 Forest. 
 Seutoburger 2Balb, -eg, Teutoburger 
 
 Forest, 
 ^arj, -eg, Harz. 
 Ural, -g, Ural Mountains. 
 19 
 
 flaufafug, -, Caucasus, 
 ^tmalasja, -, Himalaya. 
 Slmerifaner, -g, pi. -, American. 
 Gana'bter, -g, pi. -, Canadian. 
 Stfeuenglduber, -g, pi. -, New-Eng- 
 
 lander. 
 fmbta'ner, -g, pi. -, Indian. 
 SWertfa'uer, -g, pi. -, Mexican, 
 ilarat'be, -n, pi. -n, Carib. 
 SBtlbe, -u, pi. -n, savage. 
 Sraftlta'ner, -g, pi. -, Brazilian. 
 sperua'ner, -g, pi. -, Peruvian. 
 Suropd'er, -g, pi. -, European. 
 Deutfdje, -u, pi. -n, German. 
 $reupe, -n, pi. -n, Prussian. 
 <5ad)fe, -u, pi. -n, Saxon. 
 ^annosera'ner, -g, pi. -, Hanoverian. 
 9kffauer, -g, pi. -, native of Nassau. 
 •Seffe, -n, pi. -n, Hessian. 
 33aier, -u, pi. -n, Bavarian. 
 33aben'fer, -g, pi. -, native of Baden. 
 
290 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 2Mrtemkrger, -$, pi. -, Wuertem- 
 berger. 
 
 <Sd)tt)ei$er, -$, pi. -, Swiss. 
 
 Deftretcfyer, -3, pi. -, Austrian 
 
 33ofyme, -n, pi. -n, Bohemian. 
 
 Hngar, -3, pi. -n, Hungarian. 
 
 Ssro'Ier, -3, pi. - Tyrolese. 
 
 3)oIe, -n, pi. -n, Polander. 
 
 Seller, -$, pi. - Belgian. 
 
 ■£>olldnber, -3, pi. -, Dutchman. 
 
 2)dne, -n, pi. -n, Dane. 
 
 <5d)tt>ebe, -n, pi. -n, Swede. 
 
 Sftortteger, -$, pi. - Norwegian. 
 
 33ldnbtr, -$, pi- -/ Icelander. 
 
 (Sngldnber, -3, pi. -> Englishman. 
 
 <3d)otte, -n, pi. -n, Scot, Scotsman. 
 
 3rldnber, -3, pi. - Irishman. 
 
 gran^o'fe, -n, pi. -n, Frenchman. 
 
 Spantcr, -3, pi. -, Spaniard. 
 
 3talte'ner, -3, pi. - Italian. 
 
 ©rted)e, -n, pi. -n, Greek. 
 
 Surfe, -n, pi. -n, Tm-k. 
 
 SRuffe, -n, pi. -n, Eussian. 
 
 5?ofa'cfe, -n, pi. -n, Cossack. 
 
 ginne, -it, pi. -n, Finnlander. 
 
 Sawe, -n, pi. -It, Laplander, Lapp. 
 
 (£3ftmo, -3, pi. -3, Esquimaux. 
 
 Sljuvte, -n, pi. -n, Asiatic. 
 
 Slraber, -3, pi -, Arabian. 
 
 $Perfer, -3, pi. - Persian. 
 
 3nbter, -3, pi. - East Indian. 
 
 Gbtne'fe, -n, pi. -n, Chinese. 
 
 3apane'fe, -n, pi. -it, Japanese. 
 
 3)?oitgo'le, -it, pi. -n, Mongolian. 
 
 Slfrifa'ner, -3, pi. - African. 
 
 x 3)?avpffa'ner, -3, pi. - native of Mo- 
 rocco. 
 
 Sutte'fe, -n, pi. -tt, Tunisian. 
 
 9?eger, -3, pi. -, negro. 
 
 Sflofyr, -en, pi. -en, negro. 
 
 Sluffra'Iter, -3, pi. -, Australian. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 9ttofel, -, Moselle. 
 
 gibe, - Elbe. 
 
 SDefer, -, Weser. 
 
 Dber, -, Oder. 
 
 2Beid)fel, - Vistula. 
 
 2>onau, -, Danube. 
 
 $flaa$, -, Meuse. 
 
 Sd)elbe, - Scheldt. 
 
 Xtytmfc, -, Thames. 
 
 SMga, -, Volga. 
 
 *au>c*p,- f | SwabianAlp . 
 
 2£etterau, - Wetterau. 
 @a)tt>et$, - Switzerland. 
 $rtm, -,• Crimea. 
 Sitifei', -, Turkey. 
 SBarbarei', -, Barbary. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Shne'rtfa, -3, America. 
 9?orbamertfa, -3, North America. 
 9?eufunb'lanb, -3, Newfoundland. 
 (Ecmaba, -3, Canada. 
 SSfterifo, -3, Mexico. 
 SBefttn'bien, -3, West Indies. 
 <Siibamerifa, -3, South America, 
 ©rafi'lien, -3, Brazil. 
 s 3>eru, -3, Peru. 
 
 Sofymerttalb, -e3, Bohemian Forest. 
 5D?abrtfc^e ©ebtrge, -3, Moravian Moun- 
 tains, 
 ©rjgebtrge, -3, Erzgebirge 
 Ditefengebtrge, -3, Giant Mountains. 
 gtd)tetgebtrge, -3, Fichtelgebirge. 
 (guro'pa, -3, Europe. 
 'Deutfd)Ianb, -3, Germany. 
 9Jorbbeutfd)Iaitb, -3, North Germany. 
 (SubbeutFd)tanb, -3, South Germany. 
 9)reu§en, -3, Prussia. 
 (Sacbjen, -3, Saxony. 
 •£>amtc'ser, -3, Hanover. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF' NOUNS. 
 
 291 
 
 Sfaflau, -3, Nassau. 
 •Seffett, -3, Hesse. 
 23ctben, -3, Baden. 
 SBurtemberg, -3, Wuertemberg. 
 Satern, -$, Bavaria, 
 2*t&ringQj, -5, Lothringia. 
 (Elfajj, -e$, Alsace. 
 Ceftretd), -3, Austria. 
 Socmen, -$, Bohemia. 
 llngarn, -3, Hungary. 
 23elgten, -5, Belgium. 
 £olicmb, -$, Holland. 
 <Sfanbin<Wten, -, Scandinavia. 
 Sftorrcegen, -3, Norway. 
 <Sd)roeben, -3, Sweden. 
 2>dnemarf, -3, Denmark. 
 3$lanb, -3, Iceland, 
 ©rojjbrttamtien, -3, Great Britain. 
 Snglanb, -3, England. 
 ©djottlanb, -3, Scotland. 
 3rlcmb, -3, Ireland. 
 $ranfreicf), -$, France, 
 ©panien, -3, Spain. 
 Stctlten, -3, Italy, 
 ©ijilien, -$, Sicily, 
 ©rtedjenlanb, -3, Greece. 
 0iu£lanb, -$, Russia. 
 3>olen, -4, Poland. 
 •Sibirien, -3, Siberia. 
 Vffot, -«, Asia, 
 spalajtfna, -3, Palestine. 
 Sfyriat, -3, Syria. 
 Snbtcn, -(3, India. 
 £mboffrm, -3, Hindostan. 
 Dftm'bten, -3, East Indies. 
 STra'btert, -3, Arabia, 
 sperften, -i, Persia. 
 Gbtua, -$, China. 
 ^a\\\n, -3, Japan. 
 Stfrifa, -8, Africa. 
 (EgW'ten, -3, Egypt. 
 SRubten, -3, Nubia. 
 
 STbpffi'uten, -3, Abyssinia. 
 
 Sluftralten, -3, Australia. 
 
 Steufee'fonb, -3, New Zealand. 
 
 Dcect'men, - Oceania. 
 
 Serttn', -3, Berlin. 
 
 Hamburg, -3, Hamburg. 
 
 Sremen, -3, Bremen. 
 
 Siibecf, -3, Lubeck. 
 
 Stettin', -3, Stettin. 
 
 Dre3ben, -3, Dresden. 
 
 Setpjtg, -3, Leipsic. 
 
 Coin, -3, Cologne. 
 
 23omt, -3, Bonn. 
 
 (SoMcnj, -«, Coblentz. 
 
 $Rain$, -3, Mayence. 
 
 ftranffurt, -3, Frankfort. 
 
 Stuttgart, -3, Stuttgart. 
 
 Wlvmtytn, -3, Munich. 
 
 Slurnbcrg, -3, Nuremberg. 
 
 3Bien, -3, Vienna. 
 
 §)rag, -3, Prague. 
 
 3>eft, -3, Pesth. 
 
 ©ruffel, -$, Brussels. 
 
 Slntwcrpcn, -3, Antwerp. 
 
 Jbpenb.a'gen, -3, Copenhagen. 
 
 bonbon, -3, London. 
 
 (Sbinburg, -3, Edinburgh. 
 
 £)ublm, -3, Dublin. 
 
 $art3', -3, Paris. 
 
 2ttabrtb', -3, Madrid. 
 
 ©ibral'tar, -3, Gibraltar. 
 
 9fa>m,_-3, Rome. 
 
 SSflailcmb, -3, Milan. 
 
 $loren$', -3, Florence. 
 
 Skrte'btg, -3, Venice. 
 
 ®enua, -3, Genoa. 
 
 Sftea'pel, -3, Naples. 
 
 Slfften', -3, Athens. 
 
 Sonflantmo'pel, -3, Constantinople. 
 
 ^Petersburg, -3, Petersburg. 
 
 9)?o3fau, -3, Moscow. 
 
 SBarfcfyau, -3, Warsaw. 
 
292 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 » en '"' i Andes. 
 Gorbtucn, -,) 
 
 gtyrtn&'ett, -, Pyrenees. 
 
 Slpenm'nen, -, Apennines. 
 
 $fyen, - Alps. 
 
 Stoge'fen, - Vosges Mountains. 
 
 ^ctrpct'tkn, - Carpathian Mountains. 
 SSerei'ntgten Staatcn son SIme'rifa, 
 
 United States of America. 
 $tebcrtanbe, - Netherlands. 
 ^nttt'Ien, -, Antilles. 
 £eki'ben, -, Hebrides. 
 
 24. ^crfoncnnamcn. Names of Persons. 
 
 Masculine. 
 Slbelkrr, ■*, Ethelbert. 
 SlboM, -*, Adolphus. 
 
 Albert. 
 
 Sllkvt, -3, K 
 
 Sllfreb, -3, Alfred. 
 2Inbrca3, -, Andrew. 
 STnton, -3, Antony. 
 SIrrtmr, -$, Arthur. 
 Stuaujt, -4t Augustus, 
 benjamin, -§, Benjamin. 
 Bertram, -3, Bertram. 
 (Ektftian, -3, Christian. 
 (Efmftotfv -$, Christopher. 
 (Siemens, -, Clement. 
 (Sonjtcmtttt, -$, Constantine. 
 Daniel/ -3, Daniel. 
 £<Wtb, -*, David. 
 (Ebnctrb, -$>, Edward, 
 ©mil, -3, Emil. 
 (Ernfr, -3, Ernest, 
 ©ugen, -$, Eugene, 
 gelij, -, Felix. 
 grcm$, -M8, Francis, 
 g-rtebrtcr/, -3/ Frederick. 
 %\\%, -enS, Fred, 
 ©eora,, -3, George, 
 ©ottfrieb, -3/ Godefrey. 
 ©otttteb, -3, Theophile. 
 ©regor, -4, Gregory.^ 
 ©nfias, -3, Gustavus. 
 ^emrict), -$, Henry. 
 
 Hermann, -3, Herman. 
 3afofr, -3/ James. 
 3^ann, -$, John. 
 3ultu$, -, Julius. 
 Raxl, -8/ Charles. 
 $onrab, -$, Conrad. 
 Seonfearb, -3, Leonard. 
 2oren$> -en$, Lawrence. 
 Subrotg,, -3, Louis. , 
 Seopolb, -3, Leopold. 
 Martin, -3, Martin. 
 Star, -en*, l Maxim iii an . 
 fWaximilian, -?,> 
 SKi^ad, -«, Michael. 
 Sflorij, -C8$, Maurice. 
 9MfoIau8, -, Nicolas. 
 DSfctr, -3, Oscar. 
 9>aul, -3, x Paul. 
 g>eter, -a, Peter. 
 StytltW, -*» Philip. 
 SRubolp^, -fc Ralph. 
 $td)arb, -4, Richard. 
 sRokrt, -3, Robert, 
 ©iegmunb, -8, Sigismund. 
 Skobor, -$, Theodore. 
 Stomas, -, Thomas. 
 SStftor, -«, Victor. 
 SBaltyer, -*, Walter. 
 2BUklm, -4, William. 
 Sewer, -3, Xavier. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 293 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Slbele, -nd, Adela. 
 Slbelfyetb, -d, Adelaide. 
 Slgatfje, -nd, Agatha. 
 Signed, -end, Agnes. 
 Slma'lie, -nd, Amelia. 
 Slnna, -d, Anna. 
 STnto'nie, -nd, Antoinette. 
 Sluguftc, -ltd, Augusta. 
 Slure'lte, -nd, Aurelia. 
 Sertfa, -d, Bertha. 
 33rtgtt'te, -nd, Bridget. 
 (E&arlot'tc, -nd, Charlotte. 
 (£f)rijh v ne, -nd, Christina, 
 ©orotlje'e, -nd, Dorothea. 
 (Eleono're, -ltd, Eleonora. 
 ©life, -ltd, Eliza. 
 (£Ii'faktl), -d, Elizabeth. 
 Smi'lte, -ltd, Emily. 
 Smnta, -d, Emma, 
 (grnefti'ne, -ltd, Ernestine. 
 (£uge'nie, -ltd, Eugenia, 
 ftrangid'fa, -d, Frances. 
 $rtebert'fe, -ltd, Frederica. 
 ©eorgt'ne, -ltd, Georgina. 
 ©crtrttb, -d, Gertrude. 
 
 £ebftug, -d, Edvviga. 
 £ete'ne, -nd, Helena. 
 £etmet'te, -ltd, Henrietta. 
 Sfabet'Ia, -d, Isabella. 
 3ofyatt'tta, -d, Johanna. 
 Sofeplu'ne, -nd, Josephine. 
 Suite, -nd, Julia, 
 ^atljart'ne, -nd, Catharine, 
 ilarolt'ne, -nd, Caroline. 
 Ceono're, -nd, Leonora. 
 Sucte, -nd, Lucy. 
 Sut'fe, -nd, Louisa. 
 Sttargare'te, -nd, Margareta, 
 Wlavk, -nd, Mary. 
 SWctrtK -d, Martha. 
 fWatyit'fcc, -nd, Matilda 
 Stttna, -d, 
 SBtlljelmt'ne, -nd 
 gjautt'ne, -nd, Pauline. 
 g^tltppt'ne, -nd, Philippa. 
 9tofa, -d, Rosa. 
 Stofa'lie, -nd, Rosalia. 
 <Sop^ie, -nd, Sophia. 
 (Sufan'ne, -nd, Susannah. 
 £f)ere'fe, -nd, Theresa. 
 SBde'rte, -nd, Valeria. 
 
 >Wilhelmina. 
 
 THE MOST COMMON ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 a. a. 0. 
 
 
 am angefitfjrten Drte, 
 
 at the place mentioned 
 
 9l6fi$n. 
 
 
 2lfrfd)mft, 
 
 section. 
 
 a. H. 
 
 
 an ber (Dber, (Stnd, jc), 
 
 on the (Oder, Ems, &c.) 
 
 a. Wt. or a/fBt. 
 
 am 5D?atn, 
 
 on the Main. 
 
 9lnm. or 
 
 5lnmcrf. 
 
 Slnmerfung, 
 
 remark. 
 
 5lntto. 
 
 
 Stntttort, 
 
 answer. 
 
 51.2. 
 
 
 Silted Sejlament, 
 
 Old Testament. 
 
 9lufl. 
 
 
 Sluflag*, 
 
 edition. 
 
 Qtugg. 
 
 
 Sludcafce, 
 
 edition. 
 
 au$g. 
 
 
 audgenommen, 
 
 except. 
 
 fief. 
 
 
 fcefonberd, 
 
 especially. 
 
^y* 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS, 
 
 
 <£t. or (£tr. or (Ecntn. 
 
 Genrner, 
 
 hundred pounds. 
 
 ta\. 
 
 bafelfcjr, 
 
 at that place. 
 
 $. or £r. or $ott. 
 
 £)octor, 
 
 Doctor. 
 
 M- 
 
 (Xt6 ^Ctpt, 
 
 that means, i. e. 
 
 fc. @r. 
 
 bcr ©rope, 
 
 the Great. 
 
 fc. t. 
 
 baa i% 
 
 i. e. or that is. 
 
 *.3. 
 
 be$ 3af>re3, 
 
 of this year. 
 
 fc. 2R. 
 
 bed donated, 
 
 of this month. 
 
 b. ». 
 
 ber Serf after, 
 
 the author. 
 
 in. 
 
 (S&angelium, 
 
 Gospel. 
 
 em. 
 
 (guerorguretSttaj./Jc.), 
 
 your (Majesty, &c). 
 
 f. or forg. 
 
 folgenb or folgenbe, 
 
 the following. 
 
 f. 
 
 ©ulben, 
 
 florin (about 40 cents). 
 
 Sortf. 
 
 ftortfcfcung, 
 
 continuation. 
 
 fr. 
 
 franco, 
 
 post-paid. 
 
 »r. 
 
 %rau, 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 ftrto'or. 
 
 $riebrtd)3b 1 or, 
 
 Frederick d'or (ahout $4). 
 
 3Mr. 
 
 $reil?err, 
 
 baronet, baron. 
 
 ge&. 
 
 gefcoren, 
 
 born. 
 
 geogr. 93. 
 
 geograpr)ifct)e Sreite, 
 
 latitude. 
 
 gefl. 
 
 geftorBen* 
 
 died, deceased, late. 
 
 ©r. 
 
 ©rofcfyett, 
 
 Groschen (about 2 cents). 
 
 &r. 
 
 £err, 
 
 Mr. 
 
 £rtt. 
 
 {torn, 
 
 Mr. or Messrs. 
 
 $.e. 
 
 £eiUge Shrift, 
 
 Holy Scriptures. 
 
 ^tttf. or aaifcrl. 
 
 tfatferticr;, 
 
 imperial. 
 
 £aj>. 
 
 flapttel, 
 
 chapter. 
 
 Mat!), ii. 
 
 $at&oitfdje $trd)e, 
 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 $bn. or tonigl. 
 
 itorugUd), 
 
 royal. 
 
 £.£. 
 
 $aiferltdj*f5mgtidj, 
 
 imperial and royal. 
 
 flrj. 
 
 $reu$er, 
 
 Kreutzer (about 6 mills). 
 
 I. 2R. or lauf. Ml. 
 
 Iaufenbcn SSflonateS, 
 
 in the current month. 
 
 «. 
 
 SWajeftat, 
 
 Majesty. 
 
 OKfcr. or 2>tfcrj)t. 
 
 SKanufcript, 
 
 manuscript. 
 
 91. 
 
 Sftorbert, 
 
 north. 
 
 9to. or 9lr. or 9fro. 
 
 Sftumero, Summer, 
 
 number. 
 
 nbrUL ». 
 
 norbltdje 33rette, 
 
 northern latitude. 
 
 SRgr. 
 
 SReugrofdjen, 
 
 Neugroschen (about 2| cts.), 
 
 <R. 5. 
 
 #a$farift, 
 
 postscript. 
 
 01.2:. 
 
 SfteueS Seframenr, 
 
 New Testament. 
 
 n. ®f)r. 
 
 nad) £$rtftt (d^rifto 
 or (£t)rijru3), 
 
 after Christ. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 295 
 
 Often, 
 
 ober, 
 
 Dftrab, 
 
 ^Pfennig, 
 
 9)rofeffur, 
 
 $rotejtanttf<I)e ttrcfye, 
 
 IQuabrat*8fufj, 
 
 Quabrat^eile, 
 
 (Quabrat^ofl, 
 
 SRecenfent, 
 
 9ieidj3tl)aler, 
 
 ©eite, 
 
 <5iiben, 
 
 fie^e, 
 
 fiibltdje 33rette, 
 
 fogenannt, 
 
 ©U&ergrofdjen, 
 
 feltg, 
 
 Stunbc, 
 
 (Saner, 
 
 Sfceil, 
 
 Scaler, 
 
 unb, 
 
 unb anbere raetjr, 
 
 unb bergletdjen meljr, 
 
 unb fo fort, 
 
 unb fo mefjr, 
 
 unb fo wetter, 
 
 unb mele 2lnbere, 
 
 2kr<3, 
 
 »on, 
 
 33erfaffer, 
 
 ttergteid)e, 
 
 son often, 
 
 »or GfrifK (Sljrifto or <E$riftu«), 
 
 33orrebe, 
 
 son unten, . 
 
 SSetfen, 
 
 3eite, 
 
 jum Setfpiet, 
 
 East, 
 or. 
 
 pound. 
 
 pfennig (about £ of a cent), 
 professor. 
 
 Protestant Church- 
 square foot, 
 square mile, 
 square inch, 
 reviewer. 
 Rixdollar. 
 page, 
 south, 
 see or vide, 
 south latitude, 
 so-called. 
 
 Silbergroscheu (about2^cts.). 
 deceased, 
 about 2 }j miles. 
 Saint, 
 part. 
 
 dollar (about 70 cents), 
 and. 
 
 &c, farther, 
 and similar instances. 
 
 and many others. 
 
 verse. 
 
 of, from. 
 
 author. 
 
 compare. 
 
 from above. 
 
 before Christ. 
 
 preface. 
 
 from below. 
 
 west. 
 
 line. 
 
 for example. 
 
AAsisl- 
 
 READING LESSONS. 
 
 Berlin ijt bie £auptjtabr bed ^onigreid^d 1 ^)reu§en unb beg 
 $ai[erretd)d * 1)eut[d)(anb. (Sd liegt in etner fanbtgen, ftcflen^ 
 toeife fumpftgen G.beue auf beiben <8eiten ber ©pree. £)ie fcfoonfte 
 ©rrage in 9$erlm jmp t>ie „2tnben." £)iefe ©rrage ifl 72 <5d)ritt 
 breit unb 1,600 <3d)ritr 2 lang. <5ie ifl mit jaf)lreid)en $ala jfcn 
 rtefd)miidt unt) voirb fcon cincr »ierfacfeen 23aumrcit)e bimfyogen. 8 
 2)ie ©efammtlange after Berliner 4 ©rragen mirb anf 3'6 bcutfdje 
 2fteilen (b. t. 144 englifdje geograpf)ifd)e 5J?eilen) bercd)net 5) ad 
 foniglidje ©djlofj in Berlin bilbet ein langlicfyed SMered »on 
 626 gu§ Sange unb 323 $u§ 23reite. £>er San umfd)ltejH 3 
 600 (gale wnb ©emacfyer. 3n bcr ©ammhmg fyiftorifdjer T)enf* 
 maler befinbet fid) 5 bad Sftobett einer SBinbmiihle, n>el$ed $eter 
 ber ©roge felbjt 6 tterferrigre, roafyrenb 7 er atd 8 Qxmmtxmann in 
 £oUanb arbeitete. 5Dfe foniglidje SBibltotyef beff^t iiber 500,000 
 23anbe nebjr einem reidjen <&$a$ son Jpanbfd)riften, £anbfarren, 
 unb alteren muftfaltfcfyen SBerfen. SBerTin n?ar ujfprungltdj ein 
 gifdjerborf. 93ei bem $obe griebridj SMffyetm, bed ©rogen $ur= 
 fiirflen, im 3a^re 1688 tyatte Berlin nnr 20,000 (Eintooftner. 
 %W griebrid) ber ©roge ftarb (im Safire 1786) gatyfte bie ©rabt 
 iibev 145,000 (Einrcotwer. 23ei bem £obe ^riebrid) 2Btfl)elm III. 
 im 3a()re 1840 belief fid) 9 tyre (Einmofcner^tyl auf 330,000. 
 ©egemvartig fyat Berlin an 900,000 Gimuityner. 
 
 1 17. 9. (The first of two numbers refers to Lesson ; the second, to 
 a division of the same Lesson.) — 2 14. 5. — 3 42. 3. — * 22. 5. — 6 43. 5. 
 — 5 25. 8. — 7 15. 8. — 8 46. 6.— 9 43. 1. 
 
READING LESSONS. 297 
 
 II. 
 
 9flundjen, bie £anptftabt bes $6nigreid)3 33aiertt, erne bet 
 grojjten ©tabte Dentfd)Ianb3, tiegt in einer ©bene am Union Ufer 
 ber 3far. 3m gwolften 3afyrfynnbert beftimmte £>einrid) ber Sotue, 
 ber bamalige 1 £er3og son 53aiern, bie ®egenb, in ber 9Jtnnd)en 
 je{3t ftefyt gn einer Sftieberlage fitr baa (3al$ au$ ben 23ergnjer* 
 fen yon 3^etd)enl)aU nnb ^>atle* 9ftel)rere $?ond)e fiebelten ftd) 
 bei biefer ©algmeberfage an 2 unb ber tyiafy nmrbe besfyalb „23et 
 ben s 3ftond)en" nnb fpater „TCnd)en" genannt 3»t breigefynten 
 3a()rfynnbert wax 9Mnd)en ein Heine$ £)orf. £)te $reife ber 
 9}af)rnng0imtte(, welcfye nod? jc£t in 9)innd)en siet btfliger ftnb, 
 aU in anberen grogen ©tabten, tvaren gn jener 3 e ^ flu§er* 
 orbent(td) niebrig. <So loftete ein ©cfyeffel SBeijen 80-90 $>fen* 
 nige (b» f. 16 -'18 Senttf), ein ©d)effe( $om 60 $fennige 
 (b. i. 12 Gents), ein $funb ^inbfletfd) 1 pfennig (b. i. ± Sent), 
 ein 2-amm 8 ^fennige (b. i. If Gents), ein $ul)n 2 spfennige 
 (b. i. f Gents), 10 Gier 1 pfennig (b. i. | Gent), n. f. f. 3m 
 3afyre 1864 fyatte 9ftitnd)en, beffen Ginwobncrgat)! ftd) im 3al)*e 
 1812 anf 40,000 belief, 167,000 £imi?ot)ner. ®ie ©tabt 9Mn* 
 d)en ift mit ^afylreidjen, l)err(id)en ©ebdnben gefd)mitdt (^inalotfyel, 
 ©fyptotfyel, 9flnl)me^at(e, n. $. a.). SDi« ©ematbefammhtng ber 
 aften $inalott)el befte^t and mefyr, aU 1400 ber beften Berle in* 
 nnb anstanbifdjer 9fleifter* 
 
 III. $er §uip unb bie (Uanfe. 
 
 £>cr i$u&}$ lam einmal 8 anf eine SBiefe, too eine £erbe fefyoner fet* 
 tcr ©dnfe fag ; ba Iad)te er nnb fpradj, „id) lomme 4 \a ttne gernfcn, 
 i|t ftfct ()ii6fd) beifammen, fo lann id) eine nadj ber anbern auf= 
 fvcffcn." Die ©anfe gacfertcn *>or ©djretfen, fprangen auf, 5 ftngen 
 an 5 git jammern nnb lldglid) unt i()r 2eben $n bitten. 1)cr 5ud)# 
 aber ivotlte anf 9Zid)tS fyoren nnb fpradj, „ba ift leine ©nabe, ifyr 
 
 1 22. 7. — 2 42. 2. and 43. I. — 8 23. 5. — 4 10. 2. — 5 42. 2. 
 
298 READING LESSONS. 
 
 miijjt fterben." (SttfcUds uafym ftdj eitte bad £er$ unb fagte, ^foUen 1 
 mir armen ®anfe bod) cinmal 2 unfcr jung 3 frtfd) 3 £eben laffen, fo 
 erjetge un3 bie etngtge ©nabe imb erlaube «n^ nodj ein ©ebet, 
 bamit wir nid)t in unfcren ©itnben fterben ; fyernad) molten »tr 
 IM6 and) in einc Sfteifye ftetfen, bamit bit btr immer bte fettefte aues* 
 fu'djen fannft." „3<V' fagtc ber gnd)^, „ba3 ift bi(Hg, nnb ift cine 
 fromme S3ttte ; betet, id) toifl fo lange marten." glfo ftncj bte erfte 
 ein red)t fangeS ©ebet an, 4 immer „ga ! ga !" unb meil fie gar md)t 
 anffyoren motfte, martete bie jmeite utd)t, bii5 bic 9teibe an fie lam, 5 
 fonbern ftng aud) an „ga ! ga !" Die britte nnb t>ierte folgten tfyr, 
 nnb balb gaderten fte atle gnfammen. Unb menu fte auSgebctet 
 Ijaben, foil bag 9flaf)rd)en meiter erjafytt merben; fte UUn aber 
 
 aliemeile nod) immer fort 
 
 2Iu3 ©rtmm 1 3 Wltyxdjm. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Unter ben SMdjtern ber beutfdjen Nation netymen ©otfje unb 
 @d)ilfer unftreitig ben erften $ang ein, 
 
 3ofjann 2GoIfgang son ©otfye murbe am 28. 5htgujt 1749 ju 
 granffurt am Sftain geboren, ©eine bid)tertfd)e 53egabnng seigre 
 fid> 6 fd)*n fefyr fritf). 2Ba>enb 7 er in Sei^ig ftubirte (1765-68), 
 fdjrieb er bie Suftfpiele „1)ie 2aune be3 33erliebten" unb „1)ie 
 9J?itfd)ulbigen." 5iber erft burd) feinen „©oi3 tton 23erlid)tngen" 
 lenfte er bie Sfufmerffamfeit Deutfcblanbs auf fid). Unter feinen 
 gal)treid)en bramatifdjen SBerfen fteX>en t>oran 4 : „3pfyigenie.," „$or* 
 quato Saffo," „(Egmont," sor aflem aber fetn „$auft." ©cine 
 Montane („2eiben be3 jungen 2$ertf)er," „2Ut3 meinem Men. 
 2Baf)d)ett unb Didjtung," „2Bal)lsermanbtfd)aften," u. a. m.) 
 begritnbeten eine nene Spocfye in biefem 3^ e ^ e *> er beutfdjen 
 Siteratur. 9htd) auf bem ©ebiete ber epifefyen £)id)tttng („.§cr= 
 maun unb £)orottjea") unb ber Sprif ift ©otfye unitbertroffen 
 gebliebem (Er ftarb am 22. Mrj 1833. 
 4_^^ 
 
 1 47. I.— 2 23. 5. — s 20. 7. — 4 42. 2. — 5 6. 5.— 6 43. 5.— 7 15. 8. 
 
READING LESSONS. 299 
 
 3o1jann (Sfyrifbpfj ^riebricfy son ©fitter iiurbe am 10. 9toem* 
 feet 1759 gu 9)iarbad) am Sftedar geboren. <Btin erfted Urania, 
 ioelcfyeS an bie £>ffentlid)feit gelangte, „£>ie dauber/' tourbe im 
 3al)re 1781 in ^ftannfyeim aufgefitfyrt. £>urd) biefeS, ttne burd) 
 tie folgenben £)ramen „gie3fo" unb „ddbah unb Siebe" hntrbe ber 
 £id)terrut)m ©djilter'S begriinbet. 3 U Snbe beS ©ommer3 1785 
 begab fid) ©emitter na$ £)reSben, mo er bis 1787 blieb. $iirg 
 barauf ooflenbete er feinen ,/Don SartoS." 3m felben 3al)re 
 (1787) ging er nad) SGetmar, wo er gum erften Sftale mit ©otfye 
 gufammentraf. 1788 ttereffeutHc^te er feine „<35efcbtcc)te beS SIbfallS 
 ber 9tteber(anbe." 3«t,^a^rc 1789 erfytelt ©djitter, ^auptfad)(id) 
 auf Setrieb ©ofl&e 1 *, eine augerorbentlid)e ^rofeffur in ber p()Uo* 
 fopfnfdjen gacultat gu 3ena. £ier (e^rte er ©efd)id)tc unb 
 2leftl)etif. 3« ^ ie f e 3^^ pM ^^ e £erauSgabe feiner „®efd)id)te beS 
 breijjiajafyrtgen .ftrieges." S)tc beften ©d)opfungen ©emitter's fat* 
 len in bie *Periobe son 1795 bis gu (einem £obe. Unter biefen 
 ftnb befonberS bte T)ramen „2£aaenftein," „9ftaria (Stuart," „£>ie 
 3nngfrau son Orleans" unb „2Bitye(m Jed/' fowic bie Iortfd)en 
 ©ebid)te „1)er ©pagiergang" unb „$5ie ©lode" fyeroorgufyeben. 
 „$Mt|eJra %ett 14 ift bas sottfommenfte feiner bid)terifd)en (Bdjop* 
 fungen. (Skitter ftarb am 9. Wlai 1805. 
 
 V. dm $rtef ©otlje'g an Santo. 
 
 Sranffurt, ben 9. Sfuguj! 1797. 
 Dtjne ben minbeften 2Jnfto§ bin idj fcergnitgt unb gefunb nadj 
 $ranffurt gelangt unb iiberlegc in einer rul)igen unb fyeiteren 
 SSofynung nun erft, 1 maS eS fyeifjt, in meincn 3al)ren in bie SSert 
 gu gcben. 3« friiberer 3 e ^ imponiren unb ttenuirren unS bie 
 ©egenftanbe metjr, iueii nur fie nid)t beurt^eilen, nod) gu fa mm en* 
 fa jf en fonnen, aber »{f merben bod) mit t&nen Ieid)ter fertig, n?cil 
 nur nur aufnefymen, mas in unfercm 2$ege liegt, unb rcd)ts unb 
 linfs ttenig ad)ten. ©pater fennen mir bie £}inge mefyr, es in* 
 
 1 24. 5. 
 
300 READING LESSONS. 
 
 tereffirt una beren 1 eine grogere Slngaljf unb nrir nntrben uns gar 
 iibel befmben, ioenn un& nid)t Q5emutt)3ruf)e unb 5ftetI)obe in biefen 
 fallen gu £iilfe (amen. 3d) Witt s Me3, ioas mir in biefen ad)t 
 Sagen sorgefommen, 2 fo gut ate nu>glid) gurccfytftcflen, an granffurt 
 felbft aU einer ttielumfaffenben ©tabt meine (Schemata probtren 
 unb midj bann gu einer nmteren 9kife oorbereiten. 
 
 @el)r merfroiirbig ift mir aufgefallen, mie e$ eigentlid) mit bem 
 ^Publicum einer grofjen ©tabt befcbaffen ift. (5$ lebt in cittern 
 beftanbigen Saumet oon (Enoerben unb 23ergefyren, unb ba3, n>a$ 3 
 roir ©timmung nennen, lajjt 4 fid) n>eber beroorbrtngen, nod) ttttt* 
 tfyeiien. 2ltte 5>ergniigungen, felbft ba$ Sweater, [often nnr ger= 
 ftreuen, nnb bie grojje 9?eignng be$ lefenben ^ublicums gu 3otsr« 
 naten nnb 9iomanen entftefyt tben bafyer, roeil jene immer nnb biefe 
 nteift 3erjtrennng bringem 
 
 3d) glaube fogar eine 2Irt oon <&fy?u gegen poettfdje $robuc= 
 tionen, ober ioenigftens infofern fie poettfc^ finb, bemerlt gu fyabtn, 
 bie mir ibm auS biefen Urfacfyen gang natiiriid) oorfommt. £)ie 
 3)oefte serlangt, fa fte gebietet ©ammlung, fte ifolirt ben 9)ienfd)en 
 nuber feinen 2Biflen, fie brangt fid) mieberfyolt anf nnb ift in ber 
 breitcn 2£elt fefyr unbequem. 
 
 3d) geioofyne mid) nnn 2lfle$, nrie mir bie ©egenftanbe sor* 
 fommen unb »a$ id) iiber fie benfe, aufgufdjreiben, ofyne bie 
 genanfte SBeobacbtung nnb ba$ reiffte Urtfyeil son mir gu forbern, 
 ober and) an einen funfttgen ©cbraud) gn benferi. SBenn man 
 ben 2Qeg einmal gang guriitfgelegt fyat, fo fann man mit befferer 
 Ueberftd)t ba$ $orratf)ige immer nneber aU ©toff gebraudjen. 
 
 Men ©ie red)t toot)! nnb fyalten <Sie fici> ja gefunb uhb oer* 
 gnitgt in %$xem ©artenbaufe. ©ritgen fte mir 5 Sfyvt liebe gran. 
 SGenn id) nnr einmat toieber in'3 3enaifd)e ©d)to§ gelangen fann, 
 foil mid) fobalb Wemanb beranStrciben. (53 ift nnr gut, bag id) 
 gum 9ftufenalmanad) ba$ 9J?einige fd)on beigetragen fyahe, benn 
 anf ber 3^eife lann id) fo roenig ^offen, einem ©ebtd)te, aU bem 
 $i)onir gu begegnen. ^cc^mal^ ba^ fd)bnfte SebemoM. 
 
 1 29. 4. — 2 42. 2. — 3 28. 5. — 4 37. 12. — 5 52. 8. 
 
READING LESSONS. 301 
 
 VI. ©e^erjtgung. 
 
 %&), n?as foil ber 1 SWenfd) sertcmgen ? 
 3ft ea bejfer, rufyig Meiben ? 
 ^(ammernt) feft fid) angufyangen? 
 3ft e3 beffer, ftcfy gu tretben ? 
 
 ©otl er fid) ein £au3d)en batten ? 
 ©oil er unhr 3^ten leben ? 
 ©oil er auf bie gelfen trauen ? 
 ©elbft tie jeften gelfen Ubm. 
 
 (SineS fd>idt ftd> 2 nid)t fur Me! 
 ©e^e jeber, mie er's treibe, 
 ©efye jeber, tt>o er bleibe, 
 Unb, n?er 8 ftefyt, bag er nid)t fatfc ! 
 
 Soljann SMfgattg wit ©ou)e. 
 
 VII. $er gwnbfdju!). 
 
 35or feinem Sorcengarten, 
 £)as ^ampffpiet gu erroartcn, 
 ©afj $onia, ^rang, 
 Unb urn tfyn bie ©rofjen ber $rone, 
 Unb rings auf fyofyem 33al!one 
 £)te £)amen in fd)onem ^raug. 
 
 Unb nne er nunft mit bem finger, 
 2luf tfyut fid) 4 ber roette 3tr>ina,er, 
 Unb I)tnein mit bebadjtigem ©cfyritr 
 Sin Some trttt, 
 
 Unb fie&t jl$ ftumm, a U i4*> \ 
 
 yi'inQd inn, 4 
 
 1 14. 2. —2 43. 3. _ 3 28. 5. — 4 43. 5. and 42. 2. 
 
302 READING LESSONS. 
 
 Sftit langem ©afyncn, 
 
 Unb fcfciitteU bie Wtymn, 
 
 Unb ftretft bie ©Iteber, 
 
 Unb legt ftd) nieber. 1 dtAsJm&frv 
 
 US J 
 
 Unb ber $6nig rcinft roieber, 
 Da offnet fld) 2 &ef)enb 5 
 (Sin jwcitrt Sfyor, ' / 
 
 Daraug rennt 
 W\t wifoem ©prunge 
 Sin Siger fyerttor. 
 SQte ber 8 ben Somen erfdjaut, 
 SBriittt er laur, 
 ©dtfSgt mil bent ®$tt)ctf 
 (Stnen furdjtbarcn 9teif, 
 Unb recfet bie 3ung,e, 
 
 Unb im tfreife fc&eu l ^^ t b 
 
 Umgefyt er ben Sen, 
 ©rimmia, fcfynurrenb, 
 Drauf ftrecft er fid) mnrrenb 
 3nr (Seite nieber. 1 
 
 Unb ber itonig roinft mieber, 
 Da fpeit bag boppelt geoffnete ^)an3 
 3met Seoparben auf einmal an£. 4 - 
 
 Die 3 ftitqen mit mutfyiger .ftampffcegier /^i/41 
 2lnf bag Sigertfyier; 
 
 Dag 3 padt fie mit feinen grimmigen Xafytn, 
 Unb ber Sen mit ©eorufl 
 ffitrttet ft# auf, 1 ba rctrb'g ftittj C 
 Unb fyerum im ^reig, 
 Son SRorbfit^t tyeig, 
 Sagern fldj bie grautidjen $a{3en. 
 
 i 42. 2. and 43. 5. — 2 43. 5. — 8 29. 1. — 4 42. 2. 
 
READING LESSONS. 
 
 303 
 
 Da pint tton bes TOans $anb 
 (Etn £anbfd)ufy <oon fcfyoner .'pant) 
 Swiftel ben £iger unb ben £eu'n cS^tZtzu.^^J * 
 Smitten fyinetn. 
 
 Unb gn Slitter Selorge*, fpottenber SBetf', 
 2$enbet fid) graulein .ftuniguub : 
 „£err fitter, ift enre Steb' fo f)ei§, 
 SBie ityr mir'S fd)tvort $u jeber ©tnnb', 
 Si, fo fyebt mir ben £anbfd)ul) auf 1 !" 
 
 Unb ber fitter, in fdmeflem Sauf, 
 (Ste{aJJ)inab in ben furd)tbaren B^inger 
 Wat feftem ©djritte, 
 Unb au3 ber Ungefyeuer Sftitte 
 Sftimmt er ben £anbfd)nf) mit fecfem ginger* 
 
 Unb mit (Srftaunen nnb mit ©ranen 
 ©even's bie fitter nnb Sbetfranen, 
 Unb getaffen brtngt er ben £anbfdmfj jurud 
 Da fd)alit tt)m fein ?ob au& jebem 9ftunbe, 
 $ber mit jartlic^em StebeSfelidf — 
 (Er tterl)ei§t tljm fein nafyev ©liicf — 
 (Emppingt U)n graulein ^untgunbe* 
 Unb ber fitter fid) tief serbeugenb fpridjt: 
 „Den Dan!, Dame, bege^r 1 id) nid)t," 
 Unb tterlajjt fie jnr fefben ©tnnbe. 
 
 griebricfy ijon ©fitter. 
 
 VIII. ttotSfel. 
 
 jtennfl bn bas 23itb anf partem ©runbe ? 
 
 (£$ gibt ftd) felbcr 2td)t nnb ©lans, 
 (Sin anbretf tjfc'3 gn jeber ©tunbe 
 
 Unb immer ift e3 frifd) nnb gan$* 
 
 1 42. 2. 
 
304 BEADING LESSONS. 
 
 3m engften Sftaum ift'3 ait^gefit^ret, 
 
 £)er fleinfte 9ia()men fa§t e3 ein ; 
 £)od) afle ©rope, bie. bid) riiljrer, 
 
 ^ennfi t>u burd) biefeg SBilb atlein* 
 
 Unb fannft bu ben .ftrpftatl mir nennen ? 
 
 3fym gleid)t an SBerrfy lein Gbelftein ; 
 (Er leudjtet, ofyne je gu brennen, 
 
 £)as gange SBeltall faugt er eim 
 $)er £immel felbft ift abgemalet 
 
 3n feinem munben>o(ien SHing, 
 Unb bod) ift, tt>a$ er oon fid) [trailer, 
 
 9tod) fdjoner, al$ ma3 er empftng. 
 
 grtebrtc^ wit ©fitter. 
 
 IX. ffiatfjfel. 
 
 3dj too^n' in einem jkinernen $au$, 
 
 5) a lieg 1 id) oerborgen nnb fd)Iafe ; 
 
 £)odj id) trete fyeroor, it^ eile t)erau$, 
 
 ©eforbert mit eiferner S3affe» 
 
 Srft bin id) unfd)etnbar unb fdjtoadj unb flein, 
 
 yjlify fann bein Sltfyem begroingen, 
 
 Sin 9iegentropfen fd)on faugt mid) ein ; 
 
 2)od) mir n>ad)fen im (Siege bie ©djtmngem 
 
 SQtnn bie macfytige ©d)tt>efter ftdj gu mir gefeflt, 
 
 (Srtoadjf id) gum furdjtbaren ©ebieter ber SBelt. 
 
 ^riebrid) wn (Scfytfler, 
 
 9tod) afynt man faum ber (Sonne Stdjt, 
 Sftodj ftnb bie 9ftorgeng(oden nid)t 
 3m ftnftern Xfyal erltungen, . 
 
READING LESSONS. 305 
 
 SSte jtifl be$ SBctlbeS wetter 3ftcmm ! 
 £)ie 25oglein gnntfdjern nur iin Sraum, 
 $ein @ang t)at ftd) erfdjwmtgetu 
 
 3$ ^aV mid) langji tn's $elb getnadjt 
 Unb fyafce fd)ou bte$ £ieb erbacfyr, 
 Unb fyaV e$ laut gefungem 
 
 3o$ftim Subttrig U$fanb. 
 
 XI. ^orBaroffao 
 
 2)er atte Sar&arojfa, 
 $)er ^atfer griebericfj, 
 3m untertrb'ftfjen <SdjIoj[e 
 £alt er ttergaufcert (t$, 
 
 Sr ift niemals geflorfcen, 
 (£r lebt barin nod) je|t; 
 @r X;at im @d)lo§ serfcorgen 
 3um ©<§laf ffc6> f)tngefej3k 
 
 (£r tjat fyinafcgenommen 
 £)e$ !Reic^e^ £errlid)feit, 
 Unb nurb etnft aueberfommen 
 9ftit ityr 3U feiner 3ett* 
 
 £)er ©rnfyl tfl elfenfceinern, 
 SDaranf ber ^aifer ftfct ; 
 $)er £ifd) ift ntarmelfietnern, 
 SBorauf fcin £anpt er fliifct. 
 
 ©ein 23art ift nicbt son gladjfe, 
 (5r \\t bon $ener$glut{), 
 3ft bnrd) ben £ifd> genmdjfen, 
 SBoranf fein ^inn *»t$mf)r* 
 
 r 
 
306 READING LESSONS. 
 
 Gr nidt, aU wie tm Sranme, 
 (Sein 2lng' fyalb offen jwinft ; 
 Unb je nad) langem 3ftaume 
 Sr einem ^naben winft. 
 
 (5r fpridjt tm @d)Iaf jum .ftnaben, 
 „@W ^tn sor'S ©djlog, o 3wcrg, 
 Unb ftetj, ob nod) tic 9labcn 
 #erfliegen urn ben 23erg ! 
 
 Unb ttjcnn bie alten 5?abcn 
 9Jod) fliegen immerbar, 
 <So mng id) andj nod) fdjlafen 
 SScrjauDcrt Jjnnbert 3af)t»" 
 
 gfrtebrtdj fRMtxL 
 
 XH. $te fedjg SBortfeitt. 
 
 ©edjs SBorttetn neljmen mtdj in ^tnfprndj jebcn £ag, 
 3d) foCC, tdj mug, td) fann, tdj mitt, id) barf, tdj mag. 
 
 3$ foil, ijt bas ®efe£, <oon ©ott tn^ £er$ gefdjrieben, 
 £>a$ 3i^ «^^ weld)em id) bin son mir felbft getrieben* 
 3d) mn£, bas 1 ift bie ©djranf, in weldjer midj btc 2Mt 
 25on ciner, bic 9tatnr son anbrer (Scite fyaft. 
 3d) fann, bad 1 ift bas 9ftaa§ ber mir tterlietj'nen $raft, 
 £>er tyat, ber gertigfeir, ber tf unjl, ber SStjfenfdjaft 
 3d) will, bic t)od)fte ^ron 1 ift biefe^, 1 bie 2 mid) fdjmitdr, 
 £>er greitjeit <SiegeT, ba3 mein ©cift fid) aufgebritdt. 3 
 3d) barf, bag ift sngteid) bic 3nfd)rift bet bent ©iegcl, 
 33eim anfgettjanen 3 Xfyox ber Breiljeit aucb ein Spiegel. 
 36 mag, bas enbttd) ift, voad gwifdjen atten fd)wimmt, 
 (Sin UnbefUmmteS, ba$ 2 ber 2htgenbltd befttmmt 
 
 i 29. 6. — 2 27. 1. — 8 42. 2. 
 
READING LESSON'S. 307 
 
 3dj fott, id) mu& i#) faun, id) »ttf, tdj barf, tdj mag, 
 Die 1 8ed)fe nefymen mid) in 2tnfprud) jeben £ag, 
 Sftur wemi bit jtets mid) fefjrjr, ir>etfj id), \x>a$ jeben Jag 
 3d) foil, id) muf, id) fann, id) will, icfy barf, id) mag, 
 
 Sriebrid) SJtuifert. 
 
 yU+r ?k*r*<s£4 jM^+rtt^* ***** 
 
 XIII. 2)tt§ ©emitter. 
 
 Uratjne, ©rojjmutter, Gutter unb $inb 
 3n bumpfer ©tube betfammen ftnb ; 
 @3 fpietet ba$ $tnb, bie Gutter ftd) fd)mudt, 
 ©rof^mutter fpinnet, Urafyne gcbitdt 
 <5tj3t Winter bent Dfen im $fitf)t. — 
 2Bao 2 wefyen bie Sitfte fo fd)mit( ! 
 
 Da3 $tnb fprtdjt : „9ftorgen ijTa getertag, 
 2Ste and id) fpteten im gritnen £ag, 
 2£ie mill id) fpringen burd) £fyat unb §ty% 
 2Bie mitt id) pflttden ttiet SBIumen fdjim ; 
 Dent 5lnger, bem bin idj fyolb !" — 
 £b'rt t$V$, n>ie ber Conner grotft ? 
 
 Die Gutter fprtdjt: „9ttorgen iff 3 ^eiertag, 
 Da fatten wir Mt frofytid) ©etag, 
 3d) fetber, id) rttfte mein geierffeib ; 
 Das Seben, e$ 3 fyat aud) £uft nad) 2etb, 
 Dann fd)cint bie (Sonne, iuie ©olb I" — 
 £ort U)r'£, nrie ber Donner grollt? 
 
 ©rognuttter fpricfyt : „9ftorgen i(T$ geiertag, 
 
 ©rojjmurter l)at fetnen geiertag, 
 
 ©ie fodjet ba$ $M)t, fte fpinnet bad tfletb, 
 
 1 29. 1. — 2 28. 7. — 3 25. 4. 
 
308 READING LESSONS. 
 
 2)06 Sefcen ift ©org' nnb met Arbeit ; 
 2Bo()l **», t-er tt)ar, \va$ et foflt' !" — 
 £5rt i()r^, nne ber Conner groUt ? 
 
 Uratjne fpridjt : „9ftorgen \\V$ geiertag, 
 2lm Uebften morgen id) fterben mag ; 
 3* fann nidbt ftngen nnb fdjergctt mefyr, 
 3d) fann nid)t forgen nnb fdniffen fcfytver, 
 SBa* 1 tl)u' id) nod) anf ber SBelt ?" — 
 ©e$i U)r, »ie ber 23Ufc bort faflt ? 
 
 <5te fyoren'S nid)t, fte fefyen'S nidjt, 
 (£3 flammet bie ©tnk, line (anter Sid)t : 
 Urafyne, ®ro§mutter, 9ftntter nnb Jrttnb 
 25om ©traijl mit einanber getroffen ftnb, 
 2Mer Seben enbct ein @d)lag — 
 
 Unb morgen i|V3 geterrag. 
 
 ©ufhw <S(^wa5. 
 
 XIV. $a$ ©rati tm ©ufcnto. 
 
 Sftadjtlid) am 23ufento lispetn bei Sofenaa bnmpfe Sieber, 
 $n$ ben SBajfern fdjattt e3 Slntmort nnb in SMrbeln flingt e3 
 ttrieber ! 
 
 Unb ben $In§ fyinanf, bjinnnter, gietj'n bie ©fatten tapfrer ©otfyen, 
 5)ie ben SUarid) beweinen, ifyreS 23otfe3 beften Sobtem 
 
 M^ufrut) nnb fern ber £eimattj mngten tjfer fte tbn begraben, 
 SBafyrenb nod) bie 3ngenbloden feme ©d)nfter blonb nmgaben, 
 
 Unb am Ufer beS 33nfento reit)ten fie ftdj nm bie SBette, 
 Urn bie ©tromnng a^nleiten, grnben fte ein frifcfecd 23ette, 
 
 1 28. 7. 
 
READING LESSONS. 309 
 
 3n ber toogenfeeren £6()luttg nmfylten fie empor bie (Srbe, 
 (Senlten tief fyineitt ben 2eid)nam, mit ber 9ttiftung, auf bem $ferbe* 
 
 £>edten bann mit Srbe toieber ifjn unb feine ftolje ^abe, 
 2)a§ bie fyofyen ©tromgeiuad)fe ivud)fert auf bem ipelbengraoe* 
 
 SIbgefenft gum gtoetten %flaU, ttarb ber glug fterbeigcjogen ; 
 9ftad)tig in ifyr alte$ 23ette fd)dumten bie 23ufentoioogem 
 
 Unb e$ fang ein (£|or son 9flannern: ^vSd^faf' in beinen £elben= 
 
 efyren ! 
 $eine$ 9tomer3 fcfynobe £abfudjt foil bir je bein ©rat) »erfetyren I" 
 
 (Sangen^ unb bie Sobgefange tonten fort im ©otljenfyeere j 
 2Bal$e fie, SSufentomelle, rcalge fie son 9fteer 3U SJteere ! 
 
 Sfoguft, ©raf wit platen. 
 
 XV. Das deutsche Volk und seine Sprache. 
 
 Das deutsche Volk ist ein Zweig der germanischen Fa- 
 milie des indo-europaischen Volkerstammes. Zu diesem indo-euro- 
 Stamme gehoren fast siimmtliche Volker Europas und des vdike^ 
 siidwestlichen Asiens. Nach den neuesten Forschungen stamm. 
 zerfallen die Volker des indo-europaischen Stammes in acht 
 Familien, von denen 1 zwei die asiatische, die iibrigen sechs 
 die europaische Gruppe ausmachen. 
 
 Zur asiatischen Gruppe gehoren, 1. die indischen und 
 2. die iranischen oder persischen Volker. 
 
 Unter den Sprachen der indischen Volker nimmt das indische 
 Sanskrit (d. i. ubersetzt "gebildet") den ersten Rang ein. 
 Aus ihm haben sich die modernen indischen Sprachen ent- 
 wickelt, 2 unter denen 1 besonders das Hindi oder Hindui, 
 die Sprache der nicht mohammedanischen Bevolkerung, und 
 das Hindustan, die Sprache der moslemischen Bevolke- 
 rung, hervorzuheben 8 sind. 
 
 1 27. 1. — 2 43. 5. _ 3 42. 2 . and 10. 5. 
 
310 
 
 READING LESSONS. 
 
 Iranische 
 Familie. 
 
 Griechische 
 Familie. 
 
 479 v. Chr. 
 
 bis 323 v. 
 
 Chr. 
 Italische 
 
 Familie. 
 
 Celtische 
 Familie. 
 
 Slawische 
 Familie. 
 
 Litauische 
 Familie. 
 
 Die alteste Sprache der iranischen oder persischen 
 Familie ist das Altbaktrische oder Zend. Dies 1 war die 
 Sprache der alten Parsen, in der 2 ihre heiligen Biicher 
 ''Zend-Avesta" abgefasst 3 wurden. Ueber das Altper- 
 sische, einen Zweig derselben 4 Familie, hat man 5 erst 6 vor 
 Kurzem 7 dureh Entzifferung der achamenidischen Keil- 
 inschriften wesentliche Aufschliisse erhalten. Unter den 
 modernen iranischen Sprachen verdienen die armenische 
 und die neupersische Sprache besondere Erwahnung. 
 
 Zur europaischen Gruppe des indo-europaischen Y61- 
 kerstammes gehoren, 1. die griechische, 2. die italische, 
 3. die celtische, 4. die slawische, 5. die litauische und 
 6. die germanische Familie. 
 
 Das griechische Volk spaltete sieh 8 schon in vorge- 
 schichtlichen Zeiten in verschiedene Stiimme, von denen 3 
 jeder einen besonderen Dialect sprach. Die Bliithezeit der 
 griechischen Literatur, die sogenannte classische Periode, 
 begreift den Zeitraum vom Ende der Perserkriege bis zum 
 TVe Alexander des Grossen. 
 
 Die wichtigste der italischen Sprachen ist die lateini- 
 sche. Aus ihm entwickelten sich 8 wahrend des sechsten, 
 siebten, achten und neunten Jahrhunderts unter der Ein- 
 wirkung germanischer und celtischer Elemente die romani- 
 schen Sprachen. Die romanischen Sprachen sind : Italie- 
 nisch, Spanisch, Portugiesisch, Provencalisch, Fran- 
 zbsisch und Rumanisch oder "Walachisch. 
 
 Die celtische Sprache war fruher die Sprache Galliens 
 und Britanniens. Sie wird jetzt nur noch an den aussersten 
 Westenden Europas, in Irland, Hochschottland, Wales, auf 
 der Halbinsel Bretagne und an der mittleren Maas ge- 
 sprochen. 
 
 Zur slawischen Familie gehoren die folgenden Sprachen: 
 Czechisch, Polnisch, Sorbisch, Polabisch, Bulgarisch, 
 Serbisch, Slowenisch, Russisch und Kleinrussisch. 
 
 Die litauische Familie, zu der 2 die litauische, lettische 
 und altpreussische Sprache gehoren, ist mit der slawi- 
 schen nahe vervvandt. 
 
 1 29. 6.— 2 27.1. 
 - 8 43. 5. 
 
 42. 2. — 4 28. 1. 
 
 15. 5. 
 
 24. 5. 
 
 22. 
 
READING LESSONS. 3.11 
 
 Die germanische Familie umfasst die gothischen, deut- Germani- 
 schen 1 und nordischen oder skandinavischen Voider. \* i fi a " 
 
 Die ausfuhrlichsten und glaubwiirdigsten Nachrichten 
 iiber die germanischen Volker sind in dem Werke "De 
 vita, moribus, et populis Germaniae (Ueber das Leben, 
 die Sitten und die Volker Deutschlands) " des romischen 54 ws circa 
 Geschichtschreibers, Cornelius Tacitus, erhalten. 117 ' 
 
 Gegen Ende des zweiten Jahrhunderts vor Christus ka- 
 men zum ersten Male germanische Volker, die Cimbern, 
 in Beriihrung mit dem romischen Reiche. Ihre ausser- 
 ordentliche Korpergrosse, ihre Tapferkeit und eigenthiim- 
 liche Kampfesweise imponirte den Romern und flosste ihnen 
 Schrecken ein, so dass die romischen Heere vernichtet wur- 
 den und der Untergang des Reiches bevorzustehen 2 schien. 
 Jedoch wandten sich 3 die Cimbern selbst* nach der Schlacht 105 v. Chr. 
 bei Arausio (dem heutigen Orange), in welcher sie zwei con- 
 sularische Heere vernichteten, vorerst nicht nach Italien, 
 sondern nach Gallien. Nachdem 5 sie sich mit den stamm- 
 verwandten Teutonen und einigen helvetischen Stammen 
 vereinigt 3 hatten, beschlossen sie in zwei gesonderten Heer- 
 haufen nach Italien aufzubrechen. 2 Der eine dieser Heer- 
 haufen wurde bei Aquae Sextioe (dem heutigen Aix), der 102 v. chr. 
 andere auf den raudischen Feldern unweit derMiindung der 
 Sesia in den Po von Marius geschlagen und ganzlich auf- 101 v. chr. 
 gerieben. 2 Nach dem ruhrnvollen Feldzuge Caesars in Gal- 
 lien (Frankreich) wurde die Eroberungslust der Romer nach 69-51 v. 
 den germanischen und britischen Landern rege. Augustus hr ' 
 beschrtinkte sich darauf, 6 die Nordmarken des Reiches durch 30v - Chr - 
 
 ' . Ws 14 n. 
 
 Anlogung von Befestigungen und Einfuhrung romischer Pro- chr. 
 vinzialeinrichtungen gegen die Einfalle der Germanen zu 
 schiitzen. Unter der Regierung des Domitian wurden die 81-96. 
 Lander des siidwestlichen Germanien (Deutschland) zwi- 
 sclien Rhein und Donau durch eine zusammenhangende Be- 
 iestigungslinie, die sogenannte Teufelsmauer, gegen die An- 
 griffe der benachbarten Stiimme gesichert. Auch in Britan- 
 nien wurde um jene Zeit die Herrschaft der Romer durch 
 die Siege des Cornelius Julius Agricola befestigt. Trotz der 78-84. 
 
 1 deutsch, Germanic.— 2 42. 2. — 3 43. 5. — * 25. 8. — 6 15. 8. — 
 e 24. 3. 
 
312 READING LESSONS. 
 
 haufigen rauberischen Einfalle der Picten und Scoten blieb 
 Britannien unter romischer llerrschaft bis zum Jahre 421. 
 Im dritten Jahrhundert begannen die Romer dem Andran- 
 gen der germanischen Volker zu weichen. Sie gaben ihre 
 Eroberungen in Germanien (Deutschland) und bald audi in 
 Gallien (Frankreich) und Hispanien (Spanien) auf l und be- 
 schrankten sich auf Vertheidigung, bis 8 die Gothen dem 
 
 476. westromischen Reiche ein Ende machten. 
 
 Um die Mitte des dritten Jahrhunderts verliessen die 
 Gothen ihre Wohnsitze an der Ostsee zwischen Weichsel 
 und Oder. Sie zogen unter fortwahrenden Kiimpfen nach. 
 Siiden und griindeten unter Ermanrich urn's Jahr 350 das 
 grosse gothische Konigreich, das sich vom Don bis zur Theiss 
 und Weichsel und vom schwarzen Meere bis zur Ostsee 
 erstreckte.* Im Jahre 369 theilte Ermanrich dieses Reich in 
 ein Ost- und Westgothenreich und herrschte liber beide 
 
 376. Theile, bis 8 der Ein fall der Hunnen in Europa die Auflosung 
 
 der Gothenreiche bewirkte und jene gewaltige Bewegung, 
 die Volkerwanderung, ihren Anfang nahm. 
 
 Die Westgothen liessen sich grossentheils unter der 
 
 364-378. Herrschaft des Kaisers Valens in Thrazien nieder.* Als 2 
 aber durch die Harte und Habsucht der kaiserlichen Beam- 
 ten eine Hungersnoth unter ihnen ausbrach, emporten sie 
 sich 6 und verwiisteten das ganze Land. Valens eilte zur 
 
 378. Unterdriickung des Aufstandes nach Thrazien, wurde aber 
 
 in der morderischen Schlacht bei Adrianopolis geschlagen 
 
 379-395. und kam auf der Flucht urn. 1 Sein Nachfolger, Theodosius 
 der Grosse, wies einem Theile der Westgothen Wohnsitze 
 an 1 und liess den Rest Kriegsdienste im romischen Heere 
 
 403. nehmen. Unter Alarich zogen die Westgothen nach Italien 
 
 und zwangen Stilicho, den Feldherm des westromischen 
 
 395-425. Kaisers Honorius, zur Zahlung eines jahrliclien Tributes. 
 Nach dem Tode Stilicho's wurde die Zahlung des Tributes 
 verweigert. In Folge davon marschirte Alarich gegen Rom, 
 
 410. eroberte es und gab es der Plunderung preis. 1 Nach dem 
 
 Tode Alarich's zogen die Westgothen unter Ataulf nach. 
 Siidfrankreich und Spanien und griindeten ein neues west- 
 
 i 42. 2. — 2 15. 8. — 3 43. 5. — 4 42. 2. and 43. 5. — 5 43. 1. 
 
READING LESSONS. 313 
 
 gothisches Konigreich, das 1 ira Jahre 711 von den Arabern 
 vernichtet wurde (Schlacht bei Xeres de la Frontera). Die 
 Westgothen, welche in Italien zuriiekgeblieben 2 waren, 
 nahmen Kriegsdienste im romischen Heere. Unter der 
 Regierung des Romulus Augustulus verlangten die gothi- 475-476. 
 schen Soldner ein Drittheil des Landes. Als ihnen dies 
 verweigert wurde, liess ihr Fiihrer Odoaker den Feldherrn 
 des Kaisers hinrichten und den Kaiser gefangen nehmen. 476. 
 
 Die Ostgothen liessen sich nach Yernichtung der Hunnen- 
 herrschaft in Pannonien nieder. 2 Im Jahre 486 eroberten 
 sie unter Theodorieh Italien, wo Odoaker den Titel eines 
 Konigs von Italien angenommen 2 hatte. Nach dem Tode 
 Theodorich's blieben sie bestiindig im Kriege mit dem ost- 
 romischen Kaiserreiche verwickelt und unterlagen diesem 
 endlich vollstiindig. Vicle Gothen nahmen Kriegsdienste 
 in Byzanz ; andere wanderten aus 2 und der Rest ver- 
 schwand unter der ubrigen Bevolkerung. 
 
 Das Christenthum, und zwar die Lehre der Arianer, war 
 unter den Gothen schon vor der Regierung Ermanrich's ver- 
 'breitet worden. Bereits im Jahre 370 iibersetzte Ulfilas, 
 Bischof der Westgothen, die Bibel in die gothische Sprache.' 
 Bruchstiicke dieses Werkes und einer Evangelienharmonie 
 sind die einzigen Ueberreste der gothischen Literatur. Sie 
 sind von unschatzbarem Werthe fur uns, da sie uns den 
 Reich thum der germanischen Sprache, wie sie in jenen Zei- 
 ten mit nur unbedeutenden dialectischen Abweichungen 
 alien Stammen der germanischen Volkerfamilie gemeinsam 
 war, wenn auch nicht vollstandig, so doch zum grossen 
 Theile enthiillt. 
 
 Wahrend 3 die Gothen den Siiden Europas mit dem Ruhme 
 ihrer WalTentliaten erfiillten, begannen 4 auch die deutschen 
 Volker der germanischen Familie eine bedeutende Rolle in 
 der geschichtlichen Entwicklung Europas zu spielen. Im 
 dritten Jahrhundert bereits treten vier Hauptstamme, die 
 Alemannen, die Baiern oder Bojaren, die Angeln und 
 Sachsen und die Franken, hervor, 2 welche wahrend des 
 dritten, vierten und fiinften Jahrhunderts die Herrschaft 
 iiber ganz Deutschland, Frankreich und England errangen. 
 
 1 27. 1. — 2 42. 2. — 8 15. 8. — 4 47. 2. 
 
314 READING LESSONS. 
 
 Die Alemannen eroberten das Main- und Rheinland bis 
 zum Bodensee und seit dem fiinften Jahrhundert Elsass und 
 die Schweiz. 
 
 Die Baiern liessen sich in den Landern vom Bohmerwald 
 und Fichtelgebirge bis zum Etschtbale nieder. 1 
 
 Die Angeln and Sachsen bewohnten die Lander nord- 
 lich des Thuringer Waldes zwischen Rhein und Elbe. Um 
 die Mitte des fiinften Jahrhunderts riefen die Briten, wel- 
 cben von Rom aus keine Hiilfstruppen mebr gegen die 
 Picten und Scoten gesandt werden konnten, die Angeln 
 und Sachsen zu Hiilfe. Von diesen zogen v mehrere Schaa- 
 ren nach Britannien und trieben allerdings die Picten und 
 Scoten in die schottischen Hochlande zuriick, 1 wandten aber 
 dann ihre Waffen gegen die Briten. Was 2 von diesen nicbt 
 getodtet wurde, fliichtete theils nach Frankreich, theils in 
 die Gebirge von Wales und Cornwallis. Die Sieger griin- 
 deten nach und nach sieben Konigreiche : Kent, North- 
 umberland, Mercia, Ostangeln, Sussex, Essex und Wessex. 
 827. Egbert, Konig von Wessex, vereinigte diese sieben Reiche 
 
 zu einem Staate, dem Konigreiche England. Seit der Ein- 
 fuhrung des Christenthums durch Augustinus im sechsten 
 Jahrhundert war das Angelsachsische (d. i. die Sprache 
 der Eroberer) Kirchensprache und im achten nnd neunten 
 Jahrhundert, hauptsachlich durch die erfolgreichen Bemii- 
 hungen Alfred des Grossen, Sprache der Literatur gewor- 
 schiachtbei ^en. aj s 3 - m e ift en Jahrhundert die Normannen England 
 
 Hastings 
 
 1066. eroberten, wurde das Angelsachsische zwar vom Hofe, aus 
 den Schulen und aus den Gerichtshallen verdrangt, lebte 
 aber im Volke fort 1 und bildete sich unter dem Einflusse 
 der nordfranzosischen Hofsprache wahrend des zwolften, 
 dreizehnten und vierzehnten Jahrhundert zum Englischen 
 1327-1377. um. 4 Bereits unter Eduard III. wurde das Englische als 
 Hof- und Landessprache anerkannt. 
 
 Die Franken eroberten unter den Merowingern Gallien. 
 
 Nach der Absetzung des letzten merovingischen Konigs, 
 
 751-768. Childerich III., erlangte Pipin der Kurze die frankische 
 
 768-814. Konigskrone. Sein Sohn, Karl der Grosse, vereinigte alle 
 
 deutschen Stamme mit Ausnahme der Angelsachsen, welche 
 
 1 42. 2. — 2 28. 5. — 8 15. 8. — 4 43. 5. and 42. 2. 
 
READING LESSONS. 315 
 
 sich in England angesiedelt hatten, unter seiner Herrschaft. 
 Nach dem Tode Ludwig des Frommen ward das Franken- 814-843. 
 reich unter dessen 1 Sonne Karl, Lothar und Ludwig getheilt 
 (Vertrag zu Verdun). 843. 
 
 Karl der Kahle erhielt die Lander westlich der Rhone. 843-877. 
 Saone und Maas. Die Bevolkerung dieser Lander bestand 
 aus romischen, germanischen und celtischen Elementen, 
 welche allmahlig zu Einem Volkskorper, dem franzosischen 
 Volke, zusammenwuchsen. 
 
 Lothar erhielt Italien mit der romischen Kaiserkrone und 843-855. 
 die Lander zwischen Rhone, Saone, Maas und Rhein. 
 
 Ludwig der Deutsche bekam Ostfranken (d. i. das 843-876. 
 Land ostlich des Rheins) und nach dem Aussterben des 
 Lothar'schen Zweiges der Karolinger auch noch dessen 1 
 Besitzungen auf dem linken Rheinufer. Nach Ludwig des 
 Deutschen Tode theilten sich 2 seine Sohne, Karlmann, Lud- 
 wig und Karl der Dicke, in das ostfrankische Reich. Nach 
 dem Tode Karlmann's und Ludwig's vereinigte Karl der 
 Dicke, nachdem 8 ihm durch das Aussterben des westfranki- 
 schen Zweiges der Karolinger auch noch Westfranken und 
 die romische Kaiserkrone zugefallen 4 war, zum letzten Male 
 die Reiche Karl des Grossen unter einer Herrschaft. Nach 884-887. 
 seiner Absetzung erhielt Arnulf, ein natiirlicher Sohn Karl- 887-899. 
 mann's, die deutsche Konigskrone. Nach Arnulf's Tode 
 kam die Krone auf seinen siebenjahrigen Sohn Ludwig, mit 
 dem Beinamen "das Kind," mit dessen 6 Tode die Dynastie 
 der Karolinger erlosch. 9ii. 
 
 Der Widerstand der furstlichen Aristocratie, deren 6 Macht 
 der Krone allmahlieh uber den Kopf gewachsen war, so- 
 wie die Kampfe mit den D;inen, Slawen und Magyaren 
 brachten das ostfrankische Reich unter Konrad L, ungeach- 911-918. 
 tet dor personliehen Tiichtigkeit dieses Herrschers, dem Un- 
 tergange nahe. Nach Konrad's Tode erwahlten die deut- 
 schen Fiirsten in Hinblick auf die Gefahren, welche das 
 Reich von alien Seiten bedrangten, den maehtigen Sachsen- 
 herzog Heinrich I. zum Konige, der G durch die Wiederher- 919-966. 
 stellung der Einheit im Innern und durch gliickliche Kampfe 
 gegen die ausseren Feinde die Macht des deutschen Reiches 
 
 1 29. 4. — 2 43. 5. — 3 15. 8. — 4 42. 2. — 5 27. 2. — 6 27. 1. 
 
316 READING LESSONS. 
 
 fest begriindete. Unter der Regierung der folgenden K6- 
 nige aus dem sachsischen Hause und seit 1024 aus dem 
 Hause der salisohen Franken wurde der Ruhm und die 
 Grosse des Reiches durch Erwerbung der romischen Kaiser- 
 wiirde und der Herrschaft uber Italien vermehrt und machte 
 sich auch in der innern Entwicklung des deutschen Volkes 
 geltend. 
 
 In literarischer Beziehung war bisher nor sehr wenig in 
 Deutschland geleistet worden. Gleiehzeitig mit der zuneh- 
 menden Absonderung der deutschen Stamme in politischer 
 Beziehung hatten sich auch, da ja keine massgebende Lite- 
 ratur vorhanden war, die ihnen eigenthumlichen ! Mund- 
 arten schiirfer ausgephigt 2 und unter die beiden Haupt- 
 dialecte, den hochdeutschen und den niedcrdeutschen, 
 gruppirt. 3 
 
 Die erste Epoche der hochdeutschen Sprache und Litera- 
 
 5oo-ii38. tur, die althochdeutsche Periode, reiclit vom Schlusse 
 der Volkerwanderung bis zur Regierung der Kaiser aus dem 
 Hause der Hohenstaufen. Unter den Producten dieser 
 Periode verdienen das " Hildebrandslied " und " Krist," eine 
 Evangelienharmonie des Weissenburger Monchs Ottfried, 
 besondere Erwahnung. Zur selben Zeit (im neunten Jahr- 
 hundert) erschien auch eine Evangelienharmonie, der u He- 
 liand," in niederdeutscher Mundart. 
 
 1138-1522. Die zweite, die mittelhochdeutsche Periode, beginnt 
 mit der Herrschaft der Hohenstaufen und endet mit dem 
 Beginn der Reformation. Die ruhmvollen Kriege der Ho- 
 henstaufischen Kaiser, mehr noch die Kreuzziige und das 
 Aufbluhen des Ritterthums erschlossen der leicht erreg- 
 baren Phantasie und schwarmerischen Stimmung jener Zeit 
 durch den lebhaften Verkehr mit den Volkern des Abend- 
 und Morgenlandes einen unerschopflichen StofF fur dich- 
 
 i2tesund terische Darstellung. Literarische Erzeugnisse des zwolften 
 bundert. und dreizehnten Jahrhunderts, wie 4 das "Nibelungenlied," 
 die " Gudrun," die epischen Werke Hartmann's von der 
 Aue, Gottfried's von Strassburg und Wolfram's von Eschen- 
 bach, und die lyrischen Gedichte Walther's von der Vogel- 
 weide, Reimar des Alten und Neidhardt's von Reuenthal 
 
 1 12. 9. — 2 43. 5. and 42. 2. — 3 43. 5. — * 13. 5. 
 
READING LESSONS. 317 
 
 gehoren unbedingt unter die 1 besten dichterischen Schop- 
 fungen der deutschen Nation. Mit dem Untergange der 
 Hohenstaufen endete die glanzvolle Epoche dieser Periode. 1254. 
 Wahrend des vierzelmten und funfzehnten Jahrhunderts 
 richtete sich 2 das Bestreben der deutschen Konige haupt- 
 sachlich darauf, 3 die Macht des hohen Adels zu brechen und 
 dem Uriwesen der Eitterschaft, welche wahrend der Zeit 
 des Interregnums in ein Eaubritterthum entartet war, ein 1254-1273. 
 Ende zu machen. So kam es. dassdie Dichtkunst, von den 
 Fiirsten und der Eitterschaft vernachlassigt, im Biirger- 
 stande heimisch wurde, der* sie zwar treu und mit Liebe 
 pflegte, aber doch aus Mangel an hoherem Verstandniss, 
 wie auch an Zeit zu kiinstlerischer Ausbildung nur Mittel- 
 massiges zu Stande zu bringen vermochte. 
 
 Da trat im Beginne des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts Luther 1483-1546. 
 auf. 5 Durch zahlreiche Schriften (" Schmalkaldische Arti- 
 kel," " Sermon von der Freiheit eines Christenmenschen," 
 u. a. m.) und geistliche Lieder (" Wir glauben all an einen 
 Gott," "Eine feste Burg ist unser Gott," u. v. a.), mehr aber, 
 als all dies, durch die Uebersetzung der Heiligen Schrift 
 wurde Luther der Begriinder der neuhochdeutschen 
 Sprache. Er bediente sich zur Bibeliibersetzung nicht 
 eines besonderen Dialectes, sondern der Kanzleisprache des 
 kaiserlichen und kurfiirstlich-sachsischen Hofes. Durch un- 
 ermudlichen Fleiss brachte er in der letzten Ausgabe, die er 1545. 
 selbst besorgte, die Sprache zu einer solchen Vollkommen- 
 heit, dass, obwohl die Niederdeutschen noch einige Zeit 
 einer Uebertragung in ihren Dialect bedurften, die Sprache 
 der Luther'schen Bibeliibersetzung die Schriftsprache der 
 deutschen Nation wurde. 
 
 Nach dem Tode Luther's und anderer hervorragender i7tes Jahr- 
 Geister seiner Zeit, wahrend des dreissigjahrigen Krieges 
 (1618-1648) und nach dem westfalischen Frieden (1648) 
 erlangte das Ausland, namentlich Frankreich, einen bedeu- 
 tenden Einfluss auf das politische Leben sowohl, wie auch 
 auf die Literatur und Sprache der Deutschen, der erst im 
 aelitzelmten Jahrhundert gebrochen wurde. Den Beim'i- lstesjahr- 
 hungen Gottsched's, Adelung's und anderer Schriftsteller 
 
 1 24. 1. — 2 43. 5. — 3 24. 3. — 4 27. 1. — - 5 42. 2. 
 
318 READING LESSONS. 
 
 dieser Epoche, welche in ihren Arbeiten auf grammatischem 
 und lexicographischem Gebiete die Gesetze der deutschen 
 Sprache enthullten und dieselbe von dem Unrathe iiber- 
 fliissiger Fremdworter zu reinigen versuchten, und den 
 Dichtern der classischen Periode der deutschen Literatur 
 (Klopstock, Wieland, Lessing, Herder, Go the, Schiller) ver- 
 dankt die deutsche Sprache die selbstandige Stellung, die 
 sie gegenwartig einninimt. 
 
 Die Forschungen der Briider Grimm, Lachmann's, Beck- 
 i9tea Jahr- er's und anderer deutscher Philologen des neunzelmten 
 Jahrhunderts, welche dem Entwicklungsgange und den Ge- 
 setzen der deutschen Sprache durch Vergleichung der ver- 
 wandten germanischen und anderer indo-europaischen 
 Sprachen mit grossem Erfolge nachforschten, begriiadeten 
 in etymologischer, wie in syntactischer Hinsicht die hohe 
 Vollkommenheit der Grammatik dieser ganz aus sich selbst 
 entwickelten Sprache, deren Literatur in den herrlichen 
 Schopfungen der deutschen Nation auf alien Gebiete'n 
 menschlichen Wissens auch dem Auslander sicherlich einen 
 reichen Ersatz f'iir die Muhen des Studiums der Sprache 
 bietet. 
 
 hundert. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 FOR THE EXERCISES AND READING LESSONS. 
 
 
 
 Abbreviations. 
 
 
 
 a., 
 
 anomalous verb. 
 
 m., 
 
 masculine gender. 
 
 Fr., 
 
 French. 
 
 adj., 
 
 adjective. 
 
 n., 
 
 neuter gender. 
 
 Goth., 
 
 Gothic 
 
 adv. , 
 
 adverb. 
 
 num. 
 
 numeral. 
 
 Gr., 
 
 Greek. 
 
 all., 
 
 allied. 
 
 obs., 
 
 obsolete. 
 
 It., 
 
 Italian. 
 
 art., 
 
 article. 
 
 o. c, 
 
 Old Conjugation. 
 
 Lat., 
 
 Latin. 
 
 aux., 
 
 auxiliary verb. 
 
 pi. 
 
 plural. 
 
 LG., 
 
 Low German. 
 
 c, 
 
 conjunction. 
 
 prep., 
 
 preposition. 
 
 M.H.G 
 
 , Middle High German. 
 
 Cf; 
 
 compare (confer). 
 
 pron. 
 
 pronoun. 
 
 N. H. G 
 
 , New High German. 
 
 comp 
 
 , comparative degree. 
 
 r., 
 
 reflexive verb. 
 
 O. H. G. 
 
 , Old High German. 
 
 /•, 
 
 feminine gender. 
 
 sup., 
 
 superlative. 
 
 Pers., 
 
 Persian. 
 
 imp-. 
 
 impersonal verb. 
 
 tr., 
 
 transitive verb. 
 
 Sh-., 
 
 Sanskrit. 
 
 in/I., 
 
 indeclinable. 
 
 A.-S. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon. 
 
 Sp., 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 int., 
 
 interjection. 
 
 Dan., 
 
 Danish. 
 
 Sw., 
 
 Swedish. 
 
 intr. , 
 
 intransitive verb. 
 
 Eng , 
 
 English. 
 
 Wend., 
 
 Wendic. 
 
 I. German-English. 
 
 «. 
 
 tyift, adv. of, off, away. 
 
 QlOcni), ». -e3, pi. -e, evening ; 
 {jeitte — , this evening ; -fattb, 
 n. -e3, Occident. 
 
 W6er, c. but. 
 
 9l6faff, m. -e<3, pi. -fatle, revolt. 
 
 5l6faffCtt, tr. to compose. 
 
 9(&i)c0eit, o. c, r. to have inter- 
 course. 
 
 %h$tUikt, adj. derived. 
 Qlbgrunto, m. -e$, pi. -grunbe, abyss, 
 
 precipice. 
 9(Df)anbfung f /. - pi. -en, treatise. 
 9l6fctren, tr. to turn off ; derive. 
 TOcnfCtt, tr. to turn off. 
 Ql&mtiljeit, tr. to mow off. 
 WDmafcn, tr. to picture. 
 3l6rctfeil r intr. to depart. 
 
320 
 
 G IIRM AN-EXGL1SH VOCABULARY. 
 
 9lbrct§Ctt, o. c, tr. to pull down. 
 SlbfOjictl nc^mcn, to take leave. 
 
 ftbfdjreiber, m. -5, pi. -, copyist, 
 
 transcriber. 
 
 2tbf(f|Ufiig, adj. (see L. 1. 3.), steep. 
 
 2ll)|Cl?Utig, /. -, pi- -en, deposition, 
 removal. 
 
 Wbftdjf, /. -,pl. -en, intention, pur- 
 pose. 
 
 flbfolttf, adj. absolute. 
 
 ftbfonberung, /• -, pi- -en, separa- 
 tion. 
 
 BbtDeidjttng,/. ~pl- -en, variation. 
 ttrcetit', m. -eS, pi. -e, accent. 
 
 2lccufatiD or Slfiafatfo, m. -$,pl. -e, 
 
 accusative. 
 %() ! t*£. ah ! alas ! 
 Rd)ttment'Dtftt) r adj. relating to the 
 
 Achaemeuides or to the time of 
 
 the Achaemeuides. 
 Sdjtett, tr. to esteem ; care ; regard. 
 9led)i, adj. genuine. 
 9W er, w. -3, ^?J. 3lecfer, field ; acre. 
 3U)cf, w. -3, uobility. 
 SHljectttl or Stojcftto, «• -«, pi- -*, 
 
 adjective. 
 Staler, to. -3, .pZ. - eagle. 
 Hbolf or Stootyfj, ». -3, Adolphus. 
 ?talierb', ™. -3, jt?Z. -ten, adverb. 
 ftfylten, tr. and imp. to anticipate. 
 ftcljltlilfj, adj. similar. 
 $Ufjrc, /- - pi. -n, ear of corn. 
 ftfaridj, m. -3, Alaric. 
 atbredjt, 77i. -3, Albert. 
 5lId)Cmifi', m. -en, jtf. -en, alchemist. 
 SKeitttttt'tten, ^Z. Alemanni. 
 9lfictn' r adv. alone. 
 Sitter (alle, alleS), M& all, every ; 
 
 tior attem, first of all j -lungs, 
 
 adv. indeed, of course ; -lei, adv. 
 of all kinds; of all sorts; -tOtQttl, 
 adv. everywhere. 
 SCttetoetle, adv. always, still. 
 
 Mmafflig, adv. gradually. 
 
 Mjufritt), adv. too soon. 
 
 mp, f. Alp ; llfien, pi. the Alps. 
 
 9LU, c than ; as ; when ; 9li0)t& — , 
 nothing but; fcluOljt — or ffls 
 tUOijl — ttllttj, as well as ; — 0&, 
 as though, as if ; — HJie, as if. 
 
 9Ufo, adv. consequently. 
 
 %It, adj. old; -bttftrtfdj, adj. Old 
 Bactriau ; -fcCUtfdj, atf/. old or an- 
 cient German ; -Jjodj&CUtftf], adj. 
 Old High German ; -Jjerflfd), owff. 
 Old Persian ; -Jircuftlfdj, adj. Old 
 Prussian. 
 
 2Uton', m, -3, jpZ. -e, balcony. 
 
 %Itertpml!Oj, <?<#. ancient. 
 
 %Hl, contraction of ail &Cttl (24. 2.). 
 
 ftmajO'ttenjlrom, w. -3, River Ama- 
 zon. 
 
 SlltlC'rifa, w. -3, America. 
 
 %llterifo'lter, m. -3, pZ. -, American. 
 
 %mt, n. -e$, ^Z. Slemtfr, office. 
 
 &1I, jwep. at ; in ; on ; to ; of ; 
 toward ; near. 
 
 9lnblt(f, m. -e$, look, sight, view, 
 aspect. 
 
 Slniier, adj. other. 
 
 ReniJern, tr. to change. 
 
 &nber$, adv. otherwise. 
 
 3Cnbrongcn, intr. to press forward. 
 
 %nerfennetl, a., tr. to acknowledge. 
 
 %nerfennung, /. - recognition. 
 
 Stltfttng, m. -e«, ^ .-fangc, beginning. 
 
 Rnfttngen, 0. c, tr. to begin. 
 
 SUfangS, a^. at the beginning ; 
 -budjfiabe, m. -n, j>Z. -n, initial 
 letter ; grofee -bttOjfiabC, capital 
 initial. 
 
 %tlgebcn, 0. c, tr. to give ; to state. 
 
 Rngeborett, adj. inborn, natural. 
 
 5lngcln, pi. Angles. 
 
 2UflClfad)fe, m. -n, pi. -n, Anglo- 
 Saxon. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 321 
 
 Qlngelfodjftfdj, adj. Anglo-Saxon. 
 
 5ln0C1tC§1tt f adj. agreeable, pleasant. 
 
 9lttger, ni. -4, pi. -, sward ; grass- 
 plot. 
 
 9ltt0ren$ett, intr. adjoin. 
 
 3(ngrcnjcnil r adj. adjacent, con- 
 tiguous. 
 
 Wngrtff, m. -t&, pi. -e, attack. 
 
 VUllljaugcn, o. c, intr. to adhere, 
 stick to. 
 
 Wnfjiingen, tr. to add, affix. 
 
 9lnflagen, tr. to accuse. 
 
 Qtnfommen, o. c, intr. to arrive. 
 
 9ln(ooje(n o* anladjen, tr. to smile 
 
 upon. 
 9lnlangett, intr. to arrive. 
 9lltfajj, m. -e$, pi. -laffe, occasion. 
 5lnfegung, /. -, pi. -en, founding. 
 Wnmerfung, /. -, pi. -en, remark. 
 
 9Iltmut()t0 f adj. graceful. 
 9(nna(jme, /• -, acceptance. 
 9lniteljmCtt r o. c, tr. to take ; to 
 
 assume. 
 Qlnrcfce, /. - pi. -n, address. 
 Ktlfdjltfttgeitr tr. to accuse of. 
 Qlttfcljett, o. c, tr. to look at ; to 
 
 behold. 
 9lnfe(jeit, n. -3, authority. 
 $lnftdjt, /• - pi. -en, view, opinion. 
 9lnftdjtig, adj. having a sight of. 
 %1tfteHeln r r. to settle. 
 Wltfjircdjen, o. c, tr. to address. 
 9(nfprudj r m. -t&, pi. -fprudje, claim ; 
 
 in — nefjmen, to lay claim to. 
 
 3llt fttttt', prep, instead. 
 
 ttltfioft, m> -*$, V 1 - -P^' misna P> 
 
 unpleasant incident. 
 5lntltJ0rt f /• - pi. -en, answer, 
 
 reply. 
 WnDCVtrauen, tr. to intrust. 
 9(Utoeifen f o. C, tr. to assign, show, 
 
 give. 
 Wlttoenfcen, a., tr. to use, apply. 
 21 
 
 5lnfecnfcung, /. -, pi. -en, applica- 
 tion, practice. 
 
 9lntoefeili), adj. present. 
 
 5ln$tt()I,/. - number. 
 
 Qljifel, m. -3, pi. Slepfet, apple ; 
 -bttUltt, m. apple-tree, 
 
 Uptito'it, f. -, pi. -n, apricot. 
 
 Wpxil't m. -3, April. 
 
 %tahtt, in. -§, pi. - Arabian. 
 
 Wrfcett, /. -, pi. -en, work, labor. 
 
 5trlJeiten, intr. to work. 
 
 5lt6ettcr f m. -3, pi. -, workman, 
 laborer. 
 
 9lt6ettfttttt, adj. industrious, active. 
 
 Writt'tter, on. -3, pi. -, Arian. 
 
 Wrtftofrotic', /. -,pl. -n, aristocracy. 
 
 Wrm, «#. poor. 
 
 9lWt, w. -c3, £>Z. -e, arm ; -fiuljf, 
 arm-chair. 
 
 tatee', /. -, ?f. -n, army. 
 
 WrmCmfOj, adj. Armenian. 
 %xi, f. -, pi. -en, kind. 
 %Xt\'tt\, w. -3, |>J. -, article. 
 %X\t, m. -e#, £>Z. Slerjte, pliysician. 
 9lf0je, /. - ashes. 
 Qlfteit, ». "3, Asia. 
 Qtfitt'tiftt), a«#. Asiatic. 
 9lefi{}e'tif , /. -, aesthetic*. 
 9ltijem, vi. -3, breath. 
 9lt()e'tter, m. -3, i?Z. -, Athenian. 
 Mtlan'ttftf), adj. Atlantic. 
 Wttributi'oifrf), adj- attributive. 
 We^Cttt), adj. caustic. 
 9U?te'fe, *». -n, j& -n, Aztec. 
 51U0J, ft also, too, even ; — nittjt, 
 
 neither ; fotflOljl • • • &U — , as 
 
 well ... as. 
 5lltf, prep, on, upon, in, at, to, up, 
 
 of. 
 9luf&Iuljett f n. -3, efflorescence, flo- 
 
 rification. 
 Wllffcrcdjeit, o. ft, intr. to depart ; 
 
 to start. 
 
322 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 StufiiroilgCn, r. to obtrude one's 
 self. 
 
 ftufbrtttfen, tr. to impress. 
 
 Wufentljalt, m. -eS, pi. -e, sojourn, 
 abode. 
 
 9tuffottctl f o. c, intr. to strike. 
 
 9lufforfccrn, tr.to summon, invite. 
 
 9luffort)erun0, /. -, pi. -en, sum- 
 mons, invitation. 
 
 5luffrcffC11 r o. c, tr. to devour. 
 
 9luffii()rcn, tr. to perform ; act. 
 
 9lllfgo6c f /. -, pi. -n, exercise. 
 
 Wltfflcbcil, o. c, tr. to give up ; re- 
 sign. 
 
 5lltf0C^CIt r o. c, intr. to rise. 
 
 5luff)e&en, o. c, tr. to pick up. 
 
 9lufljbrcn, intr. to cease. 
 
 2lllfldfcn, r. to dissolve. 
 
 9luflbfung,/. -,pl. -en, dissolution. 
 
 9(ufmcrffom, attentive. 
 
 ttufmerf ftttttfeit, /. - pi. -en, atten- 
 tion. 
 
 9lufnc{jmen, o. c, tr. to take up, 
 receive. 
 
 Wufrei&eit, o. c, tr. to extirpate. 
 
 9lufrt(fjten f r. to rise. 
 
 Sluffttfc, m. -e$, pi. -fafce, essay, 
 sketch. 
 
 9tuffd)lu&, m. -eS, pi. -ftylfiffe, ex- 
 planation. 
 
 ftuffdjiteifcen, o. c, tr. to cut open. 
 
 Sluffdjrciben, o. c, tr. to write down, 
 note. 
 
 ftuffdjtoltng, m. -eS, jrf. -fc&ttunge, 
 elevation. 
 
 5luffjietdjern, Jr. to garner. 
 
 Stuff Jirtngett, o. c, intr. to spring, 
 start up. 
 
 5tufftttni), m. -ed, pi. -ftanbe, insur- 
 rection. 
 
 9lttftI)Ult f a., tr. and r. to open. 
 
 5luftt)ad)fett, o. c, intr. to grow 
 up. 
 
 51U0C, n. -3, pi. -n, eye j -tt&ntf, m. 
 -e3, pi. -e, moment ; -nolitflttf}, 
 adv. instantly. 
 
 3lu$, |»iep. out of, from, of. 
 
 9lUgar6eiten, fe*. to compose, elabo- 
 rate. 
 
 SlUgfietett, intr. to finish praying. 
 
 3(U06t(bung, / -, cultivation, ac- 
 complishment. 
 
 9(U0Orcd)Cn, o. c, intr. to come out. 
 
 5luS&ref(f)e!t, o. c, tr. to thrash. 
 
 9lU§lirurfen f £r. to express*. 
 
 Wus&riitflicf), adj. express. 
 
 5lu§&iinfitun0, /. - pi. -en, exhala- 
 tion. 
 
 5(u0ciltoni)Cr, adv. asunder. 
 
 9llt£f often, o. c, intr. to fall out. 
 
 9lu$flug, m. -eS, pi. -fluge, excur- 
 sion j cinen — madjett, to take a 
 
 trip. 
 
 5lU§fu()ren, &». to finish, carry out, 
 accomplish. 
 
 9lllgfu(jr(idj, adj. full, detailed. 
 
 WltgfiiljrunjJ, /. -, pi. -en, arrange- 
 ment. 
 
 9(ltggeorcttet, adj. extensive. 
 
 9lU#fJC()Clt, o. c, intr. to go out. 
 
 WuggctlOmmett, adv. except. 
 
 SlU^gejCtdJltCt, nrf/. excellent. 
 
 Mttgfunft, /. -, information. 
 
 SlltSfanft, n. -t$, foreign country. 
 
 5llt§Ian&er, m. -3, pi. -, foreigner. 
 
 9lugtttnfetfd|, adj. foreign. 
 
 QluSfouf, m. -e3, _pZ. -e, projecture. 
 
 9lugmac(jen, «r. to constitute. 
 
 9Ut§na(jmc, /. - pi. -n, exception. 
 
 9lu3J)ragen, tr. to coin ; to stamp 
 distinctly. 
 
 Qlngretfeen, o. c, Jr. to tear out. 
 
 $ltt£ntljen, intr. to rest, repose. 
 
 %Vl§tX,prep. besides, beside ; -(jail), 
 prep, out of ; -or'^Ctttlil^, adj. ex- 
 traordinary. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 323 
 
 9leufeer f adj. outward ; fca$ -t, out- 
 side ; exterior. 
 
 5leufeerf5t, adj. extreme. 
 
 2llt§ftOJt, /• -, pi. -en, prospect, out- 
 look. 
 
 9litgfjietett, o. c, tr. to spit out, 
 
 eject. 
 SlttgftltfcCtt, tr. to point. 
 
 $!Cu$fJ)redjCtt f o. c, tr. to pronounce. 
 $llt£ftcrucit, o. c, intr. to become 
 
 extinct. 
 2lt!0MCtt, o. c, ft*, to omit. 
 9llt§flt0jeit, fr*. to select. 
 9ltt8taitfajett, tr. to interchange. 
 5lltgUDCtt, *r. to practice. 
 WuStUttttiiertt, intr. to emigrate. 
 
 |, to. -e3, ^. 23ad)e, brook. 
 
 forfeit, o. ft, tr. to bake. 
 
 Stttfer, to. -3, ^. - baker. 
 
 SaDepfi, to. -c$, jtf. -gSfo guest at 
 a watering-place. 
 
 SBatSCOVt, to. -e$, pi. -e, watering- 
 place. 
 
 SaJjttljof, to. -e«, ^?Z. -fc&ft, railroad 
 depot. 
 
 83aier, m. -tt, pi. -tt, Bavarian. 
 
 Stttertt, ». -3, Bavaria. 
 
 Salt), a^v. soon ; — ... — , now 
 . . . now. 
 
 SBttlfcil, to. -3, pi. -, beam. 
 
 SttfcOlt', «*. -$>,pl. -t, balcony. 
 
 Sail, w. -e«, jt?Z.. Me, ball. 
 
 93 and, ». -e#, pi. Sanber, ribbon, 
 band. 
 
 Sant), m. -z%, pi. 23cinbe, volume. 
 
 SdtldtQCIt, tr. to tame, restrain. 
 
 Sttnf , /. -, pi. Sanfe, bench. 
 
 93ttnfier', to. -3, ^. -3, banker. 
 
 SanfltOtC,/. -,_to\ -n, bank-note. 
 
 S3ar, «#. bare, destitute. 
 
 33orboi'Offa, to. -8, Barbarossa; Red 
 Beard. 
 
 Sin*, to. -en, ^. -en, bear. 
 
 Sort, to. -e3, ^Z. 33&rte, beard. 
 
 S3attt'Uicr, to. -8, pi. -, Batavian. 
 
 Salt, to. -e$, ^Z. -e emd Sautett, 
 building; -fttfltg, adj. liable to 
 fall, out of repair ; -fltttft, /. -, 
 architecture ; -JttCtficr, to.. -3, ^?Z. 
 - architect ; -fityf, to. -e*, pi. -e, 
 style of architecture ; -hi erf, n. 
 -e$, j!?Z. -e, building. 
 
 Saiten, *r. to build. 
 
 Salter, to. -g, #Z. -n, peasant ; 
 -^IttOltlt, to. -e$,pl. -leute, peasant. 
 
 Satlttt, to. -e«, ^?Z. Saume, tree ; 
 -rctlje, /. -, ^Z. -n, row of trees. 
 
 Seam'te, m.-n,pi. -n, officer. 
 
 Seattt'nidrteit, tr. to answer. 
 
 Sefiett, intr. to quake, shake, tremble. 
 
 Sfuiirf) tij], adj. considerate. 
 
 SeilttU'ern, tr. to pity ; to regret. 
 
 Seberf'Clt, tr. to cover. 
 
 Sebcu'tentl, adj. considerable, im- 
 portant. 
 
 Sefcett'tttttg, /• - pi. -en, significa- 
 tion, meaning. 
 
 ScfctC'ttClt, r. to use. 
 
 Scilteil'te, to. servant. 
 
 Scfcrtilt'QClt, tr. to press hard, op- 
 press. 
 
 Sefcitr'fen, a., intr. to need. 
 
 Sebutf ttjj, adj. in want of. 
 
 Scfcljr, to. -e$, pi. -e, command. 
 
324 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 S3cfel)'lctt, o. c, tr. to command, 
 order. 
 
 93efcf'tigcn, tr. to strengthen, fortify. 
 
 SBefef'tigunfl, /. -, pi. -ci», fortifica- 
 tion ; -gltnie, /. - pi. -n, row of 
 fortifications. 
 
 83cfin'licn, o. c, r. to be; foic — 
 StC ftd) ? how do you do ? 
 
 SBcflct'jjen, o. c, r. to endeavor. 
 
 Scfro'gcit, o. c, tr. to ask, interro- 
 gate. 
 
 Scgo'fiung, /• - endowment ; gift ; 
 talent. 
 
 JScgc'Dctt, o. c, r. to renounce; to 
 betake one's self. 
 
 Segeg'ttCtt, intr. to meet. 
 
 Stgefl'ren, ». -3, desire, demand. 
 
 93eflie'rtg, a#. eager. 
 
 23egitttt', m. -t#, _pZ. -e, beginning. 
 
 ©Cflitl'nen, o. c, Zr. to begin. 
 
 83eglci'ten r tr. to accompany. 
 
 33cgnii'gcn, r. to be contented. 
 
 ©cgra'bcn, o. c, tfr. to bury- 
 
 S3cgrci'fClt r o. c, tr. to include ; 
 understand. 
 
 23egrtfT , m. -e3, j>2. -e, idea. 
 
 ^Cf]l'U!l OCIt, tr. to found ; establish. 
 
 93cgriin'i)Cr f m. -$, pi. -, founder. 
 
 Scgril'^Cn, tr. to greet. 
 
 SBefyal'teit, o. c., tr. to retain, hold. 
 
 23ej)Qn'i)etn, tr. to treat. 
 
 Sejjattittting, /• - pi. -en, treat- 
 ment. 
 
 SeJjel'fen, o. c, r. to get along. 
 
 HBeljeni)', ao?/. dexterous. 
 Sefjerr fdjen, *r. to rule, govern. 
 
 Seljer'jigung, /. - the taking to 
 
 heart. 
 S3ci f prep, near, at, with, in. 
 
 Seifeeljauen, o. c, tr. to retain. 
 
 23ct&C, adj. both ; two. 
 
 23eifotntncn, o. c, wtfr. to get at. 
 £Betm, contraction of feet fcem. 
 
 SeiltaijC, a$y. almost, nearly. 
 $etname, m. -it, joZ. -it, surname, 
 nickname. 
 
 33eifam'men, adv. together. 
 
 $ei| J)ie(, n. -e3, pi. -e, example, in- 
 stance. 
 
 Setjjett, o. c, tr. to bite. 
 
 ScttragCIt, o. c, tr. to contribute. 
 
 ©efattn'te, m. awe?/, acquaintance. 
 
 JBcfom'lHCn, o. c, tr. to get, obtain ; 
 intr. to agree with the health. 
 
 Sdtt'ilCn, o. c, tr. to lead. 
 
 Sklttll fdl, o. c, r. to amount to. 
 
 SBclet'tugen, ft-, to offend. 
 
 33cItC'6cit, n.-4, inclination, pleasure. 
 93c(olj'nung f /. -, pi. -en, reward. 
 Scmcr'fetl, tr. to observe. 
 Scmcr'fltng, /. -, pi -en, remark. 
 93cmii'ljung, /• - V l - ~en, endeavor. 
 Seitttdj'&art, «#. neighboring. 
 
 93enadj'rid)ttgen, tr. notify. 
 
 SBcnC^'mcn, », -3, behavior. 
 23cnutj'en, £r. to use. 
 Seofe'ttdjtung, /. -, pi. -en, observa- 
 tion. 
 Sequent', ad/, easy, comfortable. 
 Sera't^Ctt, o. c, tr. to advise. 
 
 Serau'feen, tfr. to rob. 
 
 23ered)'tten r tr. to estimate at. 
 
 23eret'ten, tr. to prepare. 
 
 23crctt3', adv. already. 
 
 Serg, m. -e3, pi- -?t mountain ; 
 -feffel, m. -v, pi. -, mountain 
 basin ; -ttJCtf , ** -e6, pi. -e, mine. 
 
 Serirf/teit, tr. to report. 
 
 Scrtt'tter, adj. ind. of Berlin, Berlin. 
 
 83erficn, o. c, intr. to burst. 
 
 S5etuf' , m. -e3, pi. -e, calling, voca- 
 tion ; duty. 
 
 SBeritljtltf , adj. celebrated. 
 
 $eriif)'ntng, /. -, pi. -en, contact. 
 
 ISBeftfjaffCtt, adj. conditioned, con- 
 stituted. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 325 
 
 S3cfdjaf'tigen, tr. to busy, occupy. 
 
 Skfdjiifrtgt, adj. busy. 
 
 S3efd)tte'ftcn, o. c, tr. to resolve upon. 
 
 !SBeftf|rttn'feit r tr. to confine, limit. 
 
 SkfrljltlbtflCH, tr. to accuse of. 
 
 33f ffljtucr lid), adj. troublesome, bur- 
 densome. 
 
 33efeit, m. -$, pi. -, broom. 
 
 83efte'geit, tr. to conquer. 
 
 Sefty aiMCijjeili), adj. possessive. 
 
 93cfl# Ctt, <?. c, 2r. to possess. 
 
 93cft<? Itltg, /. - pi. -en, possession. 
 
 §3ef01t'foer f ae£/. special. 
 
 93cfon'bcr0, acfo. in particular, espe- 
 cially. 
 
 Sefor'gen, tr. to attend to. 
 
 $3efJ>re'djeit, o. c, tr. to bespeak, 
 confer. 
 
 Seffer, crwip. o/gut. 
 
 ©Cfittnb't^CiJ, m. -tfy pi. -e, con- 
 stituent part. 
 $efliin'i)ig, adj. constant. 
 Btfie, siip. o/gut. 
 Sejie'djeit, o. c, tr. to bribe. 
 S3eftc'^Cn f o. c, wi£r. to consist. 
 S3c^Ct'gcn f o. c, tr. to ascend. 
 
 SBcfiim'mcn, tr. to fix, designator 
 determine, define ; italjcr — , to 
 qualify. 
 
 ©Cfttmmf, adj. definite. 
 
 JBcjHm'ntUttg, /. - pi. -en, destina- 
 tion. 
 
 Sefira'fen, tr. to punish. 
 
 ©Cfirc'&en, n. -3, endeavor, effort. 
 
 ©cfu'djcn, to", to visit. 
 
 SBetCIt, mfr\ to pray. 
 
 Scto'nung,/. - j»?. -en, emphasis. 
 
 JBetl'Odj'tnt, £r. to view ; to consider. 
 
 93ttrtt'gCll f o. c, intr. to amount to. 
 
 Sctra'gClt, n. -4, behavior, conduct. 
 
 S3ctrOtt'cm r tr. to mourn for. 
 
 S3ctficb' f m. — e-3, management, in- 
 stigation. 
 
 %ttt, n.-t$,pl. -en, bed. 
 fdetttln, intr. to beg. 
 Seur'tfjetlen, ftr. to judge; esti- 
 mate. 
 
 SetoiH'fenutg, /. -, pi. -en, popula- 
 tion. 
 
 93cl)Or', acfo. before ; -ffcljeit, a., 
 
 intr. be imminent. 
 SBetoe'gung,/. -,#*. -en, motion. 
 93ctBCt'nCtt, tr. to weep for. 
 
 $ctmr'fcn, tr. to cause. 
 
 $CtoOf)'nen, «r. to inhabit. 
 SktoUll'fcerit, tr. to admire. 
 S3cttJU^f , adj. conscious of. 
 
 23e$af)'Ien r tr. to pay. 
 
 83ejCtdj Itett, *r. to denote. 
 
 SejtC'ljung, f. -, pi. -en, reference, 
 regard. 
 
 SBcjiidj'tigett, ft", charge with. 
 
 SBcjug', m. -e$, pJ. -^fifje, relation, 
 reference. 
 
 SBejltltn'gCIt, 0. c, tr. to overpower. 
 
 S3tkl, /■ -, pi. -n, Bible ; -ubtt* 
 fC^Ultg, /• -, pi- -en, translation 
 of the Bible. 
 
 ©tfiliotljef , /■ -, pi -en, library. 
 
 93icr r n. -e3, pi. -e, beer. 
 
 95tctctl r o. c, £r. to offer, tender. 
 
 23tll>, »• -e$,pl. -ev, portrait, picture ; 
 -erlmdj,w.-e$ ; ^?Z. -l>ud)er, picture- 
 book. 
 
 £5i(bCIt, tr. to form, shape; cultivate. 
 
 IsBtftling, /. - formation ; culture. 
 
 58 1 flifl, adj. fair, reasonable, cheap. 
 
 23ilUgfdt r /. -, equity, justness. 
 
 33tm0fletn, rn. -t$,pl. -e, pumice. 
 
 33i0 r adv., prep., and c. till, until ; 
 
 — CM, — OUf , — JU, to, even to ; 
 
 — Had), as far as. 
 
 Stfdjof, m. -3, pi. -fdjofe, bishop. 
 93i0fjer' f adv. hitherto. 
 33ittC, /. -, pi. -n, request. 
 SittClt, o. c, tr. to ask, pray. . 
 
326 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 SlafCIt, o. c, intr. to blow. 
 SBIatt, n. -f*, pi. flatter, leaf. 
 $l(Ut, adj. blue. 
 
 ©IcifHft, to. -cd, pi. -e, lead-pencil. 
 SfctbCtt, o. c, MtAr. to remain. 
 
 SMenfccn, tr. to dazzle. 
 
 SBlitf, to. -e* # ?jI. -c, look, sight. 
 
 $ltnll, «c{/'. blind. 
 
 SBTitjr to. -e«; pi. -e, lightning. 
 
 5JMultU, adj. fair, flaxen. 
 
 S3fOfe f adj. naked, bare. 
 
 931iif)Cjrit, /■ - pi -en, flowering- 
 time. 
 
 SBlUtUC, /• -, pi- ~n, flower ; -ngur* 
 tCIt, TOw-$,pI.-fl5rtcn, flower-garden. 
 
 JBfutflcrujt, »• -e^,pl. -e, scaffold. 
 
 SHutlje,/. ~,pl- -«i bloom, flower. 
 
 93obcn, to. -3, ^>Z. 23oben, giound, 
 bottom ; -fee, to. -3, Lake of Con- 
 stance. 
 
 Sogcnltnie, /. - pf. -n, curve. 
 
 3iul)lUC, to. -m, pi. -n, Bohemian. 
 Sofjmertoaltl, to. -e# # Bohemian 
 
 forest. 
 SBbfpttifdj, «4/- Bohemian. 
 Sojar', to. -en, pi. -en, Bojar. 
 83ofC, a$', bad, evil, wicked ; -toidjt, 
 
 to. -e3, pi. -e or er, villain. 
 Srantmng, /. -, pi. -en, surf. 
 33raudjeit, tr. to want, need. 
 S5r0Ull, adj. brown. 
 95rftufcit f twlr. to rush, roar. 
 Sredjett, o. c, tr. to break. 
 !8m, to. -e3, pi. -e, broth. 
 23mt f adj. broad, wide. 
 S3rCttC f /. -, pi. -a, breadth, width. 
 fSBrenncn, a., wtlr. to burn. 
 Srctag'ne, /. -, Brittany. 
 93rief, to. -e$,pl. -e, letter ; -Jiajiier, 
 
 ?t. -e§, letter-paper. 
 Srtngett, a. tr. to bring, take ; ttltt 
 
 (gtfottS — , to deprive of; Jtt 
 Stanfce — , to perform. 
 
 Srttan'men, «. -$» Britain. 
 
 93rttc, to. -n, pi, -n, Briton. 
 
 JBvitifdj, adj. British, Britannic. 
 
 33rO& f n. -e$,pl.-e, bread. 
 
 SBrudjftutf, n. -eS, pi. -e, fragment. 
 
 Sriilfe,/. -pi. -n, bridge. 
 
 SBrufccr, to. -$, pi. 33ritber, brother. 
 
 ISBtttHctt, w*$r. to roar, low. 
 
 Sntft, /. - pi. Sriiftc, breast. 
 
 33utfj, »• -ti,pl. 23iici)er, book ; -Bins 
 bet, to. -£, pi. -, bookbinder ; 
 -toritfferfltltfi, /. - art of print- 
 ing ; -IjtinMcr, to.. -4, pi. -, book- 
 seller ; -IjaitMititg, /. -, pL -en, 
 bookstore. 
 
 SurfjC, /. -, pi. -n, bee6h. 
 
 93ud)ergcfiett, ». -e3, pi, -e, book- 
 shelves. 
 
 SBudjerffljranr", to. -eS, pi. @d)ranfe, 
 book-case. 
 
 23 UffjftnlJC, to. -n, pi. -n, letter, char- 
 acter. 
 
 $udjhm$eit, ». -3, buckwheat ; 
 -tttefjl, n. -3, buckwheat-flour. 
 
 JBiirfcn, r. to stoop ; bow. 
 
 Suigorifdj, adj. Bulgarian. 
 
 23urg, /• -, pi- -en, castle, citadel, 
 stronghold. 
 
 23iirgcr, to. -8, pi. - citizen ; -ftanb, 
 
 m. -e3, state of a citizen ; the citi- 
 zens. 
 
 Siirfte,/. -pi. -en, brush; -ntadjcr, 
 
 to. -3, pi. -, brush-maker. 
 Sufeil'tOtocUe, /. - pi. -n, Busento's 
 
 billow. 
 Sufcn'tOtDOge,/. -,pl. -n, Busento's 
 
 wave. 
 ©Utter, /. -, butter. 
 -Sibling', ft. -, Byzantium. 
 
GERMAN -ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 32; 
 
 (&aba'U, f. -, pi. -tt, cabal, intrigue. 
 Galtfor'niett, n. -3, California. . 
 (£arlimarjiunft, m. -e$, |rf. -e, car- 
 dinal point. 
 <£artIja'B0, ». -3, Carthage. 
 @afu§, J». - pi. -, case. 
 (£elttfd), a#. Celtic. 
 ditlt, m. -e£, pi. -3 or -e, a cent. 
 (Efjoracteriftifli), adj. characteristic. 
 dijarfrcuaa,, m. -c3, £*• -e, Good 
 
 Friday. 
 
 (£l|me'fe, m. -n, jtf. -n, Chinese. 
 
 dfjor, m. -e<3, ^Z. £f)ore, chorus ; 
 choir. 
 
 ©§rtf}eil^cit r /• - Christendom. 
 
 (£§Vif}emtteilfd), m.-&,pl.-z\\, Chris- 
 tian. 
 
 (£f}riftentljttm, n. -3, Christianity. 
 
 (£ljrtftojlljr «* ~3» Christopher. 
 
 (Stjrtfiug, - or <£(jrifK, Christ. 
 
 ($im6er, «*. -3, j?Z. -n, Cimbrian. 
 
 (£(ttfftfttj, «<$. classical, classic. 
 
 teOttjugattOtt', /. - pi. -en, conjuga- 
 tion ; -gform, /. - pi. -en, form 
 of conjugation. 
 
 Gonjunfrion', /. - pi. -en, conjunc- 
 tion. 
 
 (Sonjunfttt), m. -3, pi. -e, conjunc- 
 tive, subjunctive. 
 
 (£onfeqitenf, adj. consistent. 
 (SonffrltftiOfT, /. -, pi. -en, construc- 
 tion. 
 (£onflt(, m. -4, pi. -n, consul. 
 Gottfuftt'rtfd}, adj. consular. 
 OtOUft'lte, /. -, pi. -n, (female) cousin. 
 (£$COJtfaj, adj. Cheskian, Bohemian. 
 
 $. 
 
 !$a, «<&>. there ; c. when ; as ; since ; 
 
 because. 
 %a&\, ». -e3, jtf. £ad)er, roof. 
 ^at)Ur(|| r adv. by this ; by those 
 
 means. 
 
 ^afiir', adv. for it ; idj fann MtdjtS 
 
 — , I cannot help it. 
 
 ^age'fj en, adv. against it ; in regard 
 to it. 
 
 !Daf}Cr / , adv. thence ; from that. 
 
 S)a()tn', adv. thither ; feig — , hith- 
 erto. 
 
 &attta'{t0, adj. of or at that time. 
 
 &ame, /. -,pl. -n, lady. 
 
 2>amit' r adv. with it ; c. that. 
 
 $amj)f, m. -eS, pi. Dampfe, steam ; 
 
 -mafttJtltC, /. -, pi. -n, steam- 
 engine. 
 
 $attaflj', adv. for it. 
 
 $ane, m. -n, ^Z. -n, Dane. 
 
 $anematF, n. -3, Denmark. 
 
 2>anf, »»• -e$, pJ. -fagungen, thanks, 
 reward. 
 
 $nnf bar, a#. thankful, grateful. 
 
 ^anfcit, intr. to thank. 
 
 2>amt, adv. then. 
 
 2>arauf, af^. theron; upon which; 
 after this. 
 
 3arau§', adv. out of this ; from 
 them. 
 
 $ar6teten, 0. c, tr. to offer. 
 
 3)aritt', adv. therein, in it. 
 
328 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 $arf}clfatt0, /. - pi. -en, representa- 
 tion. 
 £arum, adv. for it. 
 $afelbfl' r adv. there. 
 $ajj, c. that. 
 
 £>dtit), t». -3, £>/. -e, dative. 
 £ till d) tf!t f «., imp. to appear, seem. 
 $abon', adv. of it. 
 $C(f t, f. -, pi. -n, ceiling. 
 $C(fcit, £r. to cover. 
 $eirf)f?I, /. - jtf. -n, thill, shafts. 
 Setn, beinc, tieitt, pron. thy. 
 $eintge, ber, btc, bag, ptv». thine. 
 
 SefltnattOlt', /. - pi. -en, declen- 
 sion. 
 
 £>cnfmaf, w. -e3, ^?/. -mater, monu- 
 ment. 
 
 $eitfen, a., intr. to think. 
 
 2>Cltn, c. for ; than. 
 
 ^t'unod), c. yet, notwithstanding. 
 
 $Cr, bie, bo$, ar^. the ; pron. this, 
 that ; he, she, it ; who, which, 
 that. 
 
 $erglctdjen, adj. the like. 
 
 Serjenige, biejemge, bagjemge, 
 
 pron. he, she, it ; that. 
 
 $erfel'6e, biefetbe, baSfef&e, yr»». 
 
 he, she, it ; that ; the same. 
 £ctM)Cll&, adv. and c. therefore ; for 
 that reason. 
 
 $effenttoiflen, urn fcieffenttmtten, 
 
 adv. on account of which. 
 $CUtfdj, adj. German. 
 $eutfdje f n. the German language. 
 $eutfff)e, m. and/, the German. 
 $eutfdj(anfc, n. -$, Germany. 
 $ejem'6er, in. -3, ^. - December. 
 5DtttfCCf r m. -3, ;?/. -e, dialect. 
 ^tttlectifd), a#. dialectic. 
 2)iatn0ttf , m. -en, pi. -en, diamond. 
 
 $ic)ter, m. -a, #z. - poet ; -ruljm, 
 
 m. -e3, poetic fame. 
 £t(fjt?rif(fjr adj. poetical, poetic. 
 
 , poetry, poetic art. 
 pi. -en, poetry ; in- 
 
 Stojtfunfl,/. 
 $td)tung, /. 
 
 vention. 
 | 2>i{t, adj. thick. 
 J $kb, m. -eS, jtf. -e, thief. 
 ! £icitCll, intr. to serve. 
 
 Wiener, m, -3, jrf. -, servant. 
 
 ^icncrilt, /. -, pi. -ncn, (female) ser- 
 vant. 
 
 Xicilltdj, adj. serviceable, useful. 
 
 $iCltfiag, m. -cS, yi. -e, Tuesday. 
 
 *£)ic&, contraction of biffcS. 
 
 liefer, bicfe, btcfeS, ^ro». this. 
 $tfferentta('reojnung, /. - pi. -en, 
 
 differential calculus. 
 
 $ing, n. -e3, pi. -e, thing. 
 
 £od), c. yet, however, notwithstand- 
 ing ; at least ; I pray ; I hope. 
 
 doctor and $oftor, m. -4, pi. -en, 
 doctor. 
 
 $0fdj, m. -e$, pi. -e, dagger. 
 
 $0ttt, m. -e$, joZ. -e, cathedral ; 
 — ftrcfte, /. -, ^£. -n, cathedral. 
 
 Conner, m. -3, thunder; -getbfe, 
 
 ?i. -3, thunder, thundering. 
 
 ^OttneW, imp. to thunder. 
 
 ^Oltncrgtag, m. -e$, jrf. -e, Thurs- 
 day. 
 
 $0bbelf f «#« double, twofold. 
 
 2>orf, ». -eS, js^. 2)crfer, village. 
 
 %)0tt, adv. there, yonder ; -Ijttt, 
 ady. yonder. 
 
 ^ranttt, ». -3, j^. £ramen, drama. 
 
 ^ramtt'ttfdj, «#• dramatic. 
 
 ^riingcit, fr*. to press. 
 
 £>raitf, adv. after that ; then. 
 
 $m&igjiUjrig f adj. of thirty years. 
 
 $refdjen, o. c, tr. to thrash. 
 
 $riltgcn, o. c, intr. to press ; to 
 descend. 
 
 $rittljeit, n. -3, third. 
 
 ^rofjtMlu, adj. imminent. 
 
 ^mtf f w. -t$, pi. -e, printing. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 329 
 
 5)rutfcrci' r /. - pi. -en, art of print- 
 ing- 
 
 %)U, pron. thou. 
 
 :£um&f, adj. damp ; dull ; gloomy. 
 
 2>lUlf ti, n. -3, darkness ; obscurity. 
 
 Smiftifytit, /■ -, darkness ; obscur- 
 ity. 
 
 J)iinfcn, intr. to seem ; appear. 
 
 2)Ulin, adj. thin, slender. 
 
 £un jl, m. -e«, pi. 2)itnfte, vapor. 
 
 Quitf), prep, through, by, by means of. 
 
 ^Durttjjiifjren, tr. to accomplish. 
 
 $urifjntarfajiren, tr. to march 
 
 through. 
 
 $urdj$ie'ljen, o. c, tr. to pass 
 
 through, traverse. 
 $iirfcit, a., intr. and aux. to be 
 
 permitted ; to be able ; to be at 
 
 liberty ; can ; may. 
 2>urft, m. -e£, thirst. 
 £itrficil, intr. to thirst, be thirsty. 
 2)iifier, adj. gloomy. 
 £ltfjcui), n. -c£, pi. -e, dozen. 
 Xtynaftit', /• -,pl- -n, dynasty. 
 
 t*. 
 
 dSfien, adj. even ; adv. just. 
 ©bene,/. -,pi. -n, plain. 
 
 dtf t, f- -, pi- HI, corner, edge. 
 
 (?fftg, adj. cornered ; awkward. 
 
 (Sfcel, adj. noble ; -frilU, /. -, pi. 
 -en, noble-woman. ; lady ; — f|citl r 
 m. -e3, pi. -e, jewel. 
 
 Qtf\t t c. ere, before. 
 
 (gljrc, /. - 'pi- -n, honor. 
 
 @t ! int. why ! ay ! 
 
 %\, n. -cS, pi. -er, egg. 
 
 (gidje, /. -, pi- ~n, oak. 
 
 (lifer, »». -3, zeal. 
 
 ® if rig, adj. zealous. 
 
 (Stgtn, a<#. own ; -J)tlt, /■ -,pl- -en, 
 peculiarity ; -name, m. -n, pi. -n, 
 proper name ; -JIU#, w. -e3, self- 
 interest, selfishness ; -ftt)ttft, /. -, 
 pi. -cn, quality ; ftnttig, adj. ob- 
 stinate, self-willed ; -t()Umttrtj, 
 ardj. peculiar ; tJjumHdjfctt, /. -, 
 pi. -cn, peculiarity. 
 
 Gtgcntlio), adj. proper. 
 
 Octleil, intr. to hasten, hurry. 
 
 din, Ctlte, Cilt, art. a, an ; num. one. 
 
 Gitl, «<&>. in, within, into. 
 
 dtnanber, adv. one another, each 
 
 other. 
 (Sin&anl), m. -e?,^.-banbe, binding. 
 (ftuOif&Ctt, wtfr*. to imagine. 
 dinbinfccn, o. c, tr. to bind. 
 diner, eine, etneS, pron. one. 
 
 dtnfadj, adj. single ; simple. 
 dtnfaK, m. -t$,pl. -falfe, invasion. 
 ©infttngen, o. c, tr. to capture. 
 (gtnfdffen, tr. to enclose. 
 (Itnftnticn, o. c, r. to come, appear. 
 
 dtnflofcen, tr. to instil ; 6djretfen 
 
 — , strike with terror. 
 dtnflnfj, m. -ed, ^Z.-fUiffe, influence. 
 dinfii^rung, /• - introduction. 
 dtngefjcnt), adj. detailed. 
 (£in()eit, /. -, pi. -en, unity, unit. 
 
 dintger, ctnige, etntgeS, pron. some, 
 
 any. 
 (Sintgfett, /. -, harmony ; unity. 
 Gunfommcn, n. -s, income. 
 
 Crinmaf, adv. once ; nnf — , at once. 
 <£tnnc(jmcn, o. c, tr. to take, occu- 
 py ; ben erften tRang — , to be of 
 
 or take the first rank. 
 
 ©tnjjriigen, tr. to impress. 
 
330 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 ©tnfOtttf tit, f. -, solitude. 
 
 (ftllfaugen, tr. to absorb, drink in. 
 
 6tnftf)(agen, o. &, intr. to strike in ; 
 to take. 
 
 (£i«flf)ret&en, o. c, tr. to write in or 
 down. 
 
 (StnflcMcr, m. -i, pi - hermit. 
 
 (F'tllji, adv. once, one day. 
 
 gifcfttffett, o. c, tr. put up. 
 
 (ginflctten, «r. to stop ; to occur. 
 
 (Hntfjeilen, fr. to divide. 
 
 @tlltrtiglidj r adj. profitable, lucra- 
 tive. 
 
 (Sintrcffeit, o. c, intr. to arrive, 
 meet. 
 
 (Sintreffen, n. -*, arrival. 
 
 (vilItuaitt>Cl*n r intr. to immigrate. 
 
 eintoirfung, /. - j>*. -en, influence. 
 
 GtnftJOfjltCr, m. -a, pi. -, inhabi- 
 tant ; -$tt{)I, /• -, number of in- 
 habitants. 
 
 (Siltjuljl, /. - singular number. 
 
 (Sinjeln, adj. isolated. 
 
 (gin jig, adj. only, single. 
 
 (gig, *. -C$# ice. 
 
 (Sifcn, ». -3, iron ; -Dttljn, /. -, l»Z. 
 -en, railroad ; -6al)nfartC, /• -, 
 7?7. -n, railroad-map. 
 
 (gifern, «f#. iron. 
 
 Gittf, adj. conceited ; vain. 
 G*iterit, intr. to fester. 
 (SlttfKjttaf , /• -, pi- -en, elasticity. 
 (516e,/. - Elbe. 
 
 ®icf trtjitttf, /. -, |£ -en, electricity. 
 Element', n. -e$, ^Z. -e, element. 
 (Slenfo, «c?y. miserable. 
 (S£c|J^ant' r w*. -en, pi. -en, elephant. 
 (glfcnbetnern, adj. of ivory. 
 «Uf,/. - ^--n, ell. 
 @lfaft, n. -e3, Alsace. 
 (Stterit, p£ parents. 
 (gmtJfatt'gCIt, o. c, tr. to receive. 
 (§mj)fel)'len f o. c, tr. to recommend. 
 
 (StttJlfttt'iMttg, /• -, y   -en, feeling. 
 
 (Stotpor'tttmnteit, o. c, irtfr. to as- 
 cend ; climb upon. 
 
 (SmJJOr hiu()lcn, tr. to turn over. 
 
 (Snfce, ». -a, pi. -n, end ; ju — fcttt, 
 to be at an end with ; to be gone 
 
 (gn&en and en&igen, tr. to end. 
 (gnbfonfonant, m. -en, pi. -en, end- 
 consonant. 
 
 @IltlHd> r adj. final. 
 
 (SntJfilOC, /. -, pi. -n, final syllable. 
 
 (Sn&ttttg, /. - p*. -en, ending. 
 
 Anergic', /• -, energy. 
 
 ©Jig, adj. narrow ; small. 
 
 diltgliinber, m. -§,pl. - Englishman. 
 
 (gnglan&ertn, /. -, pi. -nen, English 
 
 woman. 
 
 (gttfllifd), adj. English. 
 
 (Sntttt'tCtt, intr. to degenerate. 
 
 (gnt&fo'&ett, tr. to deprive. 
 
 (gnt&CCfett, «r. to discover. 
 
 (Ittte, /. -, pi. -n, duck. 
 
 6ntfcmt' f «rf?. distant. 
 
 ©ntflttttl'tticn, «r. to inflame ; in- 
 spire. 
 
 (gntgc'gettgefefct, adj. opposite ; con- 
 trary. 
 
 (Stttlje'lJCtt, o. c, tr. to exempt from. 
 
 (£nt(jiint!t f tr. to unveil ; manifest. 
 
 ©ntfottt'mcit, o. c, intr. to escape. 
 
 (gntlang', jwujp. along. 
 
 dmtlc'iligett, *r. to set free. 
 
 (gntrtn'lteit, 0. c, iafc*. to escape. 
 
 @ntruf'tung f /. - indignation. 
 
 (gntfdjet'&en, o. c, er. to decide. 
 
 (Sntfdjftt'gcn, o. c, r. to abandon. 
 
 (gntfdjfof'fCtt, <u#. determined. 
 
 entf^ul'&tgeit, tr. to excuse. 
 
 dtttf Jire'djClt, o. C, *nfr\ to answer to. 
 
 (£ntfjmn'geit, o. ft, intr. to rise, 
 spring up. 
 
 ©tttfic'^cn, o. ft, m£r. to arise, origi- 
 nate. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 (gttttoe'bCt . . . Ofocr, either ... or, 
 
 (£ltttoer'fen r o. c, tr. to design, pro- 
 ject. 
 
 Gnttotlfcln, tr. to develop. 
 
 6nttmcnuit0, /• - pi. -en, develop- 
 ment ; -ggang, m. -t$,pi. -gfatge, 
 process of development. 
 
 (Sntjte'fjen, o. c, tr. to deprive of. 
 
 (Stttjiffcrung, /. - deciphering, ex- 
 planation. 
 
 dlttjiin&'ung, /• -, pi. -en, inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 (Stttjtoet'Ctt, r. to fall out with one 
 another. 
 
 (Stytfdj, adj. epic. 
 
 djiOOJC, /. ,-jtf. -n, epoch. 
 
 (£r, pron. he. 
 
 (£r6ar'men, r. arcd imp to pity. 
 
 (Mitten, o. c, fe*. to ask ; obtain 
 by asking. 
 
 (grbc, /• -, pi. -n, earth. 
 
 Gfrfcen'fen, a., £r. to excogitate. 
 
 (Sirrig'UCtt, r. to happen, come to 
 pass. 
 
 Girfafj'teil, o. c, tr. to learn, ex- 
 perience. 
 
 (Sirfin'feCtt, o. c, tr. to invent. 
 
 (£rfttt'ilCt\ m. -3, ;;Z. - inventor. 
 
 (Srf olfl/, m. -e£, jtf. -e, success. 
 
 (Srfunen, fr. to mi. 
 
 ©rgic'^CIt, o. c, tr. to pour ; to pour 
 
 out ; empty. 
 (&lf)a'btn t adj. sublime. 
 (Srfyal'tcn, o. c, tr. to preserve ; to 
 
 receive. 
 G*I)0'lung, /. - pi. -en, recreation. 
 Svtn'ncrn, r. to remember. 
 (Srfcn'neit, a., tr. to recognize. 
 (grfcnnt'nife, /. - pi -e, knowledge. 
 (Srflti'rcn, tr. to explain ; declare. 
 
 (Srftcftern, *r. to climb. 
 (Srflin'flen, o. c, intr. to sound ; 
 resound. 
 
 (^rfrtlt'flClt, tr. to attain, acquire. 
 
 (£rfau'&eu f &*• to permit, allow. 
 
 ©rlti'fdjett, o. c, intr. to expire ; be- 
 come extinct. 
 
 (Srmorfcen, tr. to murder, assassi- 
 nate. 
 
 (Stuff, m. -e<3, earnest, seriousness. 
 
 (Sritft, adj. earnest, serious. 
 
 (Sro'bcrer, m. ^4, pi. -, conqueror. 
 
 (Sxo'Gent, tr. to conquer. 
 
 (Sro'uerung, /. -, pi. -en, conquest ; 
 
 -0lufi, /. -, thirst after conquest. 
 
 (£rquitf'cn, tr. to refresh ; to quicken. 
 
 (§rrcg'6ar, adj. excitable. 
 
 (Srm'djett, tr. to reach. 
 
 ©ri'in'gcit, o. c, fr*. to obtain by 
 great efforts. 
 
 (£rfa#', »»• -C$i compensation. 
 
 (SrfdjOU Ctt, *r. to see, perceive. 
 
 ©rfdfjei'ncit, o. c, intr. to appear. 
 
 (£rfd)lic'BCn, o. c, £r. to open, dis- 
 close. 
 
 (grfrfjcjl'fen, dr. to exhaust. 
 
 (Brfdjretf'en, o. c, wifc». to be terri- 
 fied. 
 
 drfdjreif en, tr. to terrify. 
 
 @rfd) lit' tern, tr. to shake, shatter. 
 
 (Srfdjhltn'gen, o. c, intr. to rise. 
 
 (Srftn'nen, o. c, tr. to devise, in- 
 vent. 
 
 (Srft, adv. not before, not till ; only ; 
 first. 
 
 dl'fttttt'nen, n. -$, astonishment ; 
 amazement. 
 
 (grftc, adj. first. 
 
 ($rftC'rf|Ctt, o. c, tr. to stab. 
 
 (Srftcrer, (Srfiere, (grftercg, or tier, 
 
 ttC, tlttS drftcre, the former. 
 
 (Srftretf'cn, r. to extend. 
 
 (£rtra'0,cn, O. c, tr. to bear, suffer. 
 (SrtottOj'fcn, o. c, intr. to grow ; to 
 
 rise. 
 (frtfliUj'tcn, tr. to chose, elect. 
 
332 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 (grtoalj'nung, /. - mention. 
 6l'tt)0r'tcn, tr. to expect ; await. 
 (grtoor'tung, /. - pl. -en, expecta- 
 tion. 
 (Srtoei'djen, tr. to soften. 
 
 drtoci'feit, o. a, tr. to show, to prove. 
 
 @Vte3Cr'6cit f o. c, fo". to acquire, gain. 
 
 glttJCr Dung, f. -, pl. -en, acquisi- 
 tion. 
 
 @rja()'Ien f /r. to tell, relate. 
 
 dil'jCi gen, tr. to show, render, do. 
 
 Grrjcug ni&, n. -e$, pl. -e, produc- 
 tion. 
 
 (5$, j^roro. it ; — giflt, there are. 
 
 (SffCIt, o. c, tr. to eat. 
 
 Orfilantl, n. -etf, Esthonia. 
 
 <£tftfji()a(, ». -e$, valley of the Etsch. 
 
 6ttt)tt, adv. about. 
 
 (£ttO&$, pron. something, somewhat; 
 
 adv. a little. 
 Cgttjmofo'gtfdje, adj. etymological, 
 (vut u Jul, n. -3, Europe. 
 dmrojltt'tfdj, adj. European. 
 
 (gdange'lienljarmonte, /. - pi. -x, 
 
 Harmony of the Gospel. 
 (Stflig, adj. eternal, perpetual. 
 
 ». 
 
 gacultof , /. - pi- -en, faculty. 
 
 Jyiil)in» a dj- able, capable. 
 
 StUJigfeit,/. -,pl. -en, ability. 
 
 $ttine, /. -, pi. -en, flag, standard. 
 
 §o()rcn, o. c, Jr. to drive ; intr. to 
 go, to ride (in a carriage, boat, or 
 ship). 
 
 $rttfl f in. -e$, pi. fettle, case. 
 
 fatten, o. c, intr. to fall ; die, per- 
 ish ; occur. 
 
 golfdjljctt, / -i pl- -en, falseness, 
 falsehood. 
 
 $amt'lie, /■ -, pl -n,- family. 
 
 ^ftttigcn, o. c, tr. to catch. 
 
 $arbe, /. -, pl. -n, *>lor. 
 
 $afc f n. -e$, ^ &*if«# ya t, barrel. 
 
 §dfi, arfv. almost, nearly. 
 
 g-antcn, wrfr. to fast. 
 
 gcul, adj. lazy, indolent. 
 
 §efeer, /• -, pl- ~ n > feather ; pen ; 
 spring ; -6ufl!j, on. -e£, pl. -fiifdje, 
 plume; -%alttV t m.-4, pl. -, pen- 
 holder ; -toifdj, «. -e*, pl. -e, 
 feather-wisp. 
 
 Seljlen, »t*r. and imp. tc fail, lack. 
 
 $eljlcr, m. -3, ^Z. -, fault, error. 
 
 $CtCrffeii), n. -eS, jft. -er, holiday- 
 garment. 
 
 g-Ctcrtog, m. -e$, j^ -e, holiday. 
 
 $etn, adj. fine. 
 
 gctnfc, », -c«, pl- -e, enemy. 
 
 gCtttMitt*), adj. hostile. 
 
 $ett>, ». -c*# pl- -cr ' fielcl > P lain 5 
 -fntdjt, /• -, ^- -friicf)te, field- 
 produce ; -Ijetr, m. -n, pl. -n, 
 commander-in-chief ; -jug, m. H$, 
 pl. — gugc, campaign. 
 
 ftelfcn, m. -$, pZ. -, rock ; -rt&, 
 on. -e3, jt?Z.-ffe, fissure ; -DOrfJintng, 
 m. -eS, jpZ. -fpriinge, rocky promi- 
 nence ; -to anti, /. -, pl- -n>anbe, 
 rocky wall. 
 
 %ti%t\XLXVX, m. -eS, jtf. Xlttrmc, tower 
 of rock. 
 
 Oft'ttfter, %. -*j #J. - window. 
 
 ^ettl, adj. far, far from ; -XQ$V, 
 n. -e3, j?J. -e, telescope. 
 
 $ttti$, adj. done, finished. 
 
 getitg Jdt, /. -, j& -en, dexterity. 
 
 %ttitl t f.',pl.-*,kttet' 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 333 
 
 $Cff, adj. firm, hard ; -ftfceit, o. c, 
 
 intr. to be fixed. 
 %t$, n. -eg, pi. -e, feast. 
 $efhtn0§gni6en, m. -#, pi. -gra&en, 
 
 moat of the fortification. 
 fttit, adj. fat. 
 $Clld)t, adj. moist, humid, damp. 
 
 $euer, n. -g, jtf. - fire j -g&runfi, 
 
 /. -, j»l. -brunfte, fire, conflagra- 
 tion ; -fylutf), f. -, pi. -en, flam- 
 ing fire. 
 
 Sftdjtefgebtrge, n. -g, Fichtelgebirge 
 (a mountainous region in the 
 centre of Germany). 
 
 $tl$I)Ut, m. -e* # jtf. -ftiite, felt-hat. 
 
 $inbC!t, o. c, tr. to find. 
 
 $tltger, m. -4, pi. - finger. 
 
 $tnntuni>, n. -C$, Finland. 
 
 $inflcr, adj. dark, gloomy. 
 
 $ifd)er, m. -g, ^;Z. - fisherman ; 
 -boot, n. -eg, pi. -bote, fishing- 
 boat ; -borf, n. -eg, pi. -borfer, 
 village of fishermen. 
 
 $lac(), adj. even, flat. 
 
 $tttd)g, m. -tf, flax. 
 
 $lammen, intr. to glow. 
 
 §Ied)ten, o. c, £r. to braid. 
 ftfetfd), ». -eg, meat ; flesh. 
 %it\§, m. -eg, diligence, industry. 
 $(ctf{t0, adj. diligent, industrious. 
 %lk%t,f. -pl.-n, fly. 
 ^ItCgen, o. c, intr. to fly. 
 ^flteljeit, o. c, tr. and intr. to flee. 
 $ltejjett, o. c, intr. to flow, float. 
 
 Sltmmerfdjetn, m. -4, glimmer, 
 
 glitter. 
 
 %1'ott, /. - pi. -n, flute. 
 
 $Iltdjt, /• -, flight, escape. 
 Jvliidjtcn, r. to flee, escape. 
 $lltfj, m. -eg, ^?Z. $Uiffc, river. 
 ftliiffigfcit, /• - pi. -en, fluid. 
 $fut()Cn, t»2r. to flow ; to sweep. 
 $0betn, tr. to challenge. 
 
 lyolgc, /. -, pi. -n, consequence, 
 
 result. 
 $olgen, intr. to follow. 
 ^Olgltcf), adv. consequently. 
 ^orbcm, tr. to demand. 
 $orm, /. -, pi. -en, form. 
 $orf(f)Utt0, /• - pi. -en, inquiry, in- 
 vestigation. 
 $0tt, aofo. away, forth. 
 $Otibett\l f intr. to continue praying. 
 JyCVik'liCIl, intr. to continue living. 
 $OrtreitCtt, o. c, intr. to ride away 
 
 or forth. 
 JvOVitbuctt. *»&•• to resound. 
 gorttOO^rcnb, adj. continual. 
 ftrage, /. -, pi. -n, question ; -fafc, 
 m. -eg, pi. -fcifje, interrogative 
 sentence, 
 kronen, tr. to ask, interrogate. 
 §rop,enb, adj. interrogative. 
 Qfranfe, «*■ _ n, j»£. -n, Franconian ; 
 -ttrctdj, n. -eg, ^£. -e, empire of 
 the Franconians. 
 $rauffttrt, n. -g, Frankfort ; — Ottt 
 9Ktttn, or — o/2H., Frankfort on 
 the Main. 
 $Vttltfifdj, adj. Franconian. 
 Sfranlreidj, ». -g, France. 
 Jyl'ilU}, m. -eng, Francis. 
 ^ranjo'fe, ra. -n, jtf. -n, Frenchman. 
 SratljS'ftfd), adj. French. 
 $rau, /. -, pi. -en, woman, wife, 
 
 lady, madam, Mrs. 
 ^taulctn, n. -g, pi. -, young lady, 
 
 miss. 
 gm, ad/, free; -fjircdjuno,, / -, 
 
 pi. -en, acquittal. 
 $rctljctt, /. -, i>Z. -en, freedom, 
 
 liberty. 
 $rettog, m. -eg, pi. -e, Friday. 
 Jyrcntu, ad/, foreign, strange ; -ttJOVt, 
 
 7i. -eg, jpZ. -robrter, foreign word. 
 SJretttbe, m. and/, foreigner, stranger. 
 
334 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 $rcf[C!t, o. c, tr. to eat ; devour. 
 
 3ffCUl)C, /. -, pi. -n, joy, pleasure. 
 
 $rCUClt, r. to rejoice ; imp. e§ fltttt 
 mid), I am glad. 
 
 ftlCUIlu, m. -c$,pl. -e, friend. 
 
 greunfcfdjaft, /. - pi. -en, friend- 
 ship. 
 
 $ricben, w. -#, peace. 
 gfrtefceridj, see ^riebridj. 
 
 Jvricurid), m. -3, Frederick. 
 ^fftCTCtt, o. c, intr. to freeze ; imp., 
 
 tr. eg fricrt Httd), I am cold. 
 $rtfdj, «f//. fresh, new, gay ; — auf ! 
 
 int. onward ! up ! 
 2?ttfc, ™- ~en$ (abbreviation of ^rtC* 
 
 J)ridj), Freddy. 
 
 grofj, off- g lad - 
 
 ^rb&Itd), adj. cheerful, gay, jovial. 
 $romi!t, adj. pious, innocent. 
 (Vrommcn, intr. to avail, profit. 
 Srild)t, /• -, pi. %rM)k, fruit. 
 $rit(), «$• early. 
 $nt(jer, a#. former. 
 
 SfriiljftltfJ, m. -8, pi. -e, spring ; 
 
 -SlllUlttC, /. - pi. -It, vernal 
 
 flower. 
 $udjg, m. -e$, jtf. 8fii<$fe, fox. 
 $iigett, *r. to submit. 
 Stiffen, tr. to feel. 
 ftiifjren, tr. lead, guide ; ffmjte'ren 
 
 — , to take on a walk. 
 
 $uljrer, m. -§, pi. -, guide, com- 
 mander. 
 
 ftiWctt, tr. to fill. 
 
 gunfcit, m. -3, _p*. -, spark. 
 
 %UV, prep. for. 
 
 JyUl'djt&or, a#. fearful, terrible. 
 
 $iird)tett, &*. to fear. 
 
 ^riirft, m. -en, jpZ. -en, prince. 
 
 gurfHirfj, adj. princely. 
 
 ^fiirftJOtt, n. -ti,pl. -sorter, pronoun. 
 
 gltfe, m. -c3, ^Z. giifee, foot ; -feofcett, 
 f». -a, pi. -fcobert, floor ; — trttt r 
 on. -e3, pi. -e, footstep. 
 
 Sutll'rum, n. -4, ^. githtra, the fu- 
 ture tense. 
 
 ©afcel, /. -, pi -n, fork. 
 
 ©tttfCW, info*, to gaggle ; gabble ; 
 
 cackle. 
 ©ttfjnett, ». -3, yawning. 
 ®O0tClt, w. -3, Gaul, Gallia. 
 h /• -# pl- ®^ n fe, goose. 
 
 arf/. whole, all, complete ; 
 adv. quite, wholly, entirely, com- 
 pletely ; — unto gar nidjt, not at 
 
 all. 
 ©Ottjlid), adj. whole, total. 
 %tLX, adv. quite, entirely, very, at 
 
 all. 
 
 ©ttrten, m. -3, j?Z. ©arten, garden ; 
 -IjaiUJ, n. -e$, ^Z. -tyaufer, summer- 
 house. 
 
 ©iirtner, m. -3,.pZ. -, gardener. 
 
 ©itrtnertn, /. - pi- -nen, (female) 
 
 gardener. 
 ©Cfia'rCtt, o. c, tr. to bring forth ; 
 
 bear. 
 ©C&iiu'be, ». -3/ !>!« - building. 
 ®CDCtt, o. c, tr. to give. 
 ©CDCf , »< -e$# #Z. -e, prayer. 
 ©efitcf , w. -e3, joZ. -e, department. 
 ©e&ie'iCtt, o. c, tr. to command. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 S35 
 
 ©efite'ter, m. -$, pl. -, master. 
 
 ©cfitr'gc, 11. -§,pl. -, chain of moun- 
 tains ; mountainous region. 
 
 ©cfilctdjf, adj. bleached. 
 
 ©cbraitrfj', m. -e$, pi. -brducfye, use, 
 custom. 
 
 ©e&rttU'djeit, tr. to employ, use. 
 
 ©cbrc'j^CH, o. c, imp. to be want- 
 ing. 
 
 ©cfcritljf, w. -e&, roaring. 
 
 ©C&iitff, «flj/. bowed, crooked. 
 
 ©e&iifj'ren, intr. to be due. 
 
 ©cBii^'rcnb, <w#. due. 
 
 ©cburt', /• -, pi- -en, birth. 
 
 ©Cbiir'ttg, adj. native. 
 
 ©Cfcatfjt'nifc, *. -e3, memory. 
 
 ©efoan'fe, m. -n, ^?z. -rt, thought. 
 
 ©CtlCtt'fcn, o. c, intr. to be mindful 
 of. 
 
 ©ebidjf, w. -e3, jt?Z. -f, poem. 
 
 ©efaljr', /. -, |»Z. -en, danger. 
 
 ©efdfjr ltd), af#. dangerous. 
 
 ©cfal'Ic, ». -3, jbZ. -, fall, descent. 
 
 ©efttnen, o. c, intr. to please ; lOtC 
 gcfdllt c0 Sfjnen? how do you 
 like it ? fid) — faffeit, to agree, 
 submit to. 
 
 ©CfdnigfJ, adv. if you please. 
 
 ©efan'flen itcfjmcn, to take pris- 
 oner. 
 
 ©efttltgeitC, m. and/, prisoner. 
 
 ®efait'0enfdjaft r /. - captivity, im- 
 prisonment. 
 
 (Sfefattg'mB, 11. -e», pi. -e, prison. 
 
 0egClt, prep, towards, to, against ; 
 -flanfc, m. -e$, pi. — flanbc, object, 
 subject ; im -tljril, on the con- 
 trary ; -filler, prep, over against, 
 opposite to ; -to art, /• -, presence ; 
 
 -toarttg, adj. present ; -toiirtig, 
 
 adv. at present. 
 ©fgcniJ,/. -, pi. -en, region. 
 
 ©eljiiufe, w. -$, ^z. - shell. 
 
 ©eljcit, o. c, infe*. to go, walk. 
 ©eplj', ». -?$,pl. -c, woods. 
 ©eljor'djen, wtfr. to obey. 
 ©efjii'ren, wtfr. to belong. 
 ©eljor'fam, adj. obedient. 
 
 &/> -P l - -en, goat. 
 \, m. -e$, pl. -er, ghost, spirit, 
 
 soul, genius. 
 ©etfltg, adj. spirituous ; spiritual. 
 ©eifUidj, adj. religious. 
 ©CtJ, m.-ti, avarice ; -Jjttll, m. -t§, 
 
 pl. -fjctlfe, miser, niggard. 
 ©Ci^tgc, m. andf. miser. 
 ©efruitttttf, adj. crooked. 
 (Beltt'ge, n. -3, j£>?. -, feast, banquet. 
 ©etttlt'gen, intr. to reach at ; come 
 
 to. 
 Gtelttf'fen, adj. calm. 
 ©eft), adj. yellow. 
 ®eli), «. -e3, pl. -er, money. 
 ©Cle'gcn, a#. situated. 
 (Melj'rig, «$'. docile. 
 (Meljr'famfett,/. - learning. 
 ©eleljr'te, m. learned man. 
 ©eltcfif, cw#. beloved. 
 Okliltgctt, o. c, intr. to succeed. 
 (BtlttU, o. c, intr. to be worth ; 
 
 fid) geltcnb ntadjen, to become 
 
 obvious. 
 
 ©emad)', n. -e3, pl. -madjer, room, 
 chamber. 
 
 ©emiir&e, n. -§,pl. -, picture, paint- 
 ing ; -fammlitng, /. -, pl. -en, 
 collection of pictures. 
 
 ©cntCtn'fam, adj. common. 
 
 ©CmfCltjtt'gcr, m. -3, pl. -, chamois- 
 hunter. 
 
 ©emut!)', n. -e$, pl. -er, mind, dis- 
 position; -gntfje,/. -, tranquillity 
 of mind. 
 
 ©CttOU', adj. exact. 
 
 ©Clte'fCtt, o. c, intr. to recover. 
 
 ©Cntttl', o#*. genial. 
 
336 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 ©C1UC', n. -3, pi. -4, genius. 
 
 ©eitte'fecit, o. c, tr. to enjoy. 
 
 ©CttitiD, to. *4,pi. -t t genitive case. 
 
 ©Cltof ' fe, m. -n, pi. -it, comrade. 
 
 ©CHUd, »t. -3, Genoa. 
 
 ©Cltlig', <wft;. enough. 
 
 ©COgra'Mtfd), «# geographical. 
 
 ©COttlC'tcr, «. -*i J»/. - surveyor. 
 
 ©Crtt'bC, «#. straight ; cwfo. just. 
 
 ©ertiufd)', *. -cd, jrf. -e, noise   
 -tiott, adj. noisy. 
 
 ©Crtd)t', adj. just, righteous. 
 
 ©eridjtS '(jaflC, /. - pi. ~n, session- 
 hall. 
 
 ©crma'tte, »»• -n,#Z. -n, German. 
 
 ©crmtt'ntCtt, ». -$, Germany. 
 
 ©crma'ttifdj, adj. Germanic. 
 
 ©em, adv. willingly, readily, cheer- 
 fully, intentionally. 
 
 ©mid)', m -*$, pl- — riidr>e, odor ; 
 -§finn, to. -e$, sense of smelling. 
 
 ©cfttmmt'lttnOC /. - whole length. 
 
 ©Cftfjdft', *• -C*« j^- -t» business. 
 
 ©efdje'ljcn, o. c, mZr. to he done. 
 
 ©efdjidj'te, /• - pi- T"»i history, 
 story. 
 
 ©efdjtdjt'lidj, adj. historical. 
 
 ©efdjidjt'fdjretber, to. -3, pi. -, his- 
 torian. 
 
 ©efd)tlft', adj. skilful. 
 '©efdjlcdjf, »• -e3, pi. -ft t genus; 
 
 gender ; -gett&Uttg, /. -, pi- " en » 
 
 gender-ending. 
 ©efdjmaif , to. -e*,j>*. -fumade, taste, 
 
 savor. 
 ©efd)toci'gen, o. c., intr. to pass 
 
 over in silence. 
 ©efd)touY, »■ -es, y. -f, ^cer. 
 ©Cfd'tcil, &*• awrf r. to associate, 
 
 join. 
 ©efefl'fdjttft, /• - pl.-*n, company, 
 
 society. 
 
 ©Cfctt'fdjaftltdj, adj. sociable, social. 
 
 ©efcfc', n. -tb, pi. -e, law ; -gc&er, 
 m. -§,pl. -, legislator, lawgiver. 
 
 ©efefct,' adj. steady ; settled. 
 
 ©eftdjt', *. -c$, pi. -er, face. 
 
 ©cfjtiin'big, ad/, confessing. 
 
 ©cfittt'ten, «rJ to allow, grant. 
 
 ©effcrtt, acfo. yesterday. 
 
 ©Cfunfc', adj. sound, healthy. 
 
 ©Cfunfc'ljctt, /• - pi. -en, health, 
 soundness. 
 
 ©Ctrtttt'fC, to. -3, ^Z. - drink. 
 
 ©Cfottljr' ttlcr&Ctt, to perceive. 
 
 ©Ctottl'ttg, adj. powerful, great. 
 
 ©ertldr'tig, adj. expecting. 
 
 ©ctoin'ncn, o. c, tr. to win. 
 
 ©Ctoifj', ac?/. certain. 
 
 ©eHjif'feit, n. -3, conscience. 
 
 ©CtWB'ljCtt, /• -i p*. -en, certainty, 
 evidence. 
 
 ©ettJtt'ter, ». -3, pi. -, thunder- 
 storm. 
 
 ©CtBOfj'tten, tr. and r. to accustom. 
 
 ©etobljtt'lidj, adj. general, usual. 
 
 ©CttJOljnt', adj. accustomed. 
 
 ©etoiilte, ». -«, i>z. -, clouds. 
 
 ©if tt0, «$'. venomous. 
 
 ©Ittcefjantifdiulj, to. -e«, ^. -e, kid- 
 glove. 
 
 ©Ittttj, to. -e8, lustre, brightness, 
 pomp, glance ; -tJOfl, a^'. blil- 
 liant, splendid, grand. 
 
 ©IttltJCtt, intr. to glitter. 
 
 ©Itt8, «• -e3, pZ. ®ldfer, glass. 
 
 ©Itttt, adj. smooth. 
 
 ©tttU&ett, tr. to believe, think. 
 
 ©IttUGfourfclig, adj. authentic. 
 
 ©letdj, adj. like, alike; adv. im- 
 mediately; -jetttg, adj. simul- 
 taneous. 
 
 ©letdjett, o. c, intr. to equal. 
 
 ©liel), n. -e8, i?Z. -er, limb, member. 
 
GERMAN-EXGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 337 
 
 ©fotfe, /• -, pi. % bell, clock ; 
 -formtg, adj. bell-shaped ; -ge* 
 loute, n. -§, pealing of bells. 
 
 ©tiltf, n. -t$, luck, fortune, happi- 
 ness. 
 
 ©lUtffidj, adj. lucky, happy, fortu- 
 nate, successful. 
 
 ©IhJltOtljcf,/. -, Glyptothek. 
 
 ©naoe, /. -, pi. -n, grace, mercy. 
 
 ©Ott), n. -e3, gold. 
 
 ©Ofoett, adj. golden. 
 
 ©bnnen, tr. to permit, not to envy. 
 
 ©OrOtfdj, adj. Gordian. 
 
 (gorilla, m. -3, pi. -3, gorilla. 
 
 ©otfje, m - _n * p 1 - ~ n > Goth ; -nljcer, 
 
 n. -ti,pl. -e, Gothic army ; -rctdjj, 
 n. -e3, pi. -e, kingdom of the 
 Goths. 
 
 ©Otljtfdj, a<#. Gothic. 
 
 ©Ott, m. -t$,pl. ©otter, God. 
 
 ©rofe, w. -e3, ^?Z. ©rctber, grave, 
 tomb. 
 
 ©ro&ett, o. c, tr. to dig. 
 
 ©roben, m. -$, pi. ©rciben, ditch. 
 
 ©rOD, m. -e3, pi. -e, degree ; grade. 
 
 ©rof, m. -en, pi. -en, count, earl. 
 
 ©rotttmo'ttf , f. - J»Z. -en, grammar. 
 
 ©rOtttmo'ttfer, m, -$, ^. -, gram- 
 marian. 
 
 ©rommo'ttfttj, adj. grammatical. 
 
 ©roS, n. -t$, pi. ©rcifer, grass ; 
 -fjltjlfcr, w. -$, pi. -, grasshopper. 
 
 ©WU, adj. gray ; icr -C ©Of, grizzly 
 bear. 
 
 ©roUCtt, ». -8, terrible fear. 
 
 ©raultdj, ad/, horrible, horrid. 
 
 ©renje, /. - pi. -n, limit. 
 
 ©rtedje, m. -n, pi. -n, Greek. 
 
 ©rtedjenlono, n. -$, Greece. 
 
 ©rtCttjifdj, «<#• Greek. 
 
 ©ritte, /• - pi- -n, cricket. 
 
 ©rintmtg, adj. ferocious. 
 
 ©rott, m. -e<3, grudge, ill-will. 
 
 ©rotten, intr. to roll. 
 
 ©rofe, adj. large, big, great ; -muU 
 ter, /. - pi. -niiitter, grandmother ; 
 -DOter, m. -3, pi. -setter, grand- 
 father. 
 
 ©fbfje, /•"", pi- -n, greatness ; grand- 
 eur ; nmoojj, n. -e3, pi. -e, meas- 
 ure of size. 
 
 ©rofcClttljetfS, adv. for the most 
 part. 
 
 ©run, adj. green. 
 
 ©mno, m. -e$, pi. ©runbe, ground ; 
 foundation ; Jtt — geljcn, to per- 
 ish ; Jtt — Hegen, to be founded 
 on ; jtt — rittjten, ruin ; destroy. 
 
 ©riinben, tr. to ground, found. 
 
 ©riinoung, /- -, pi. -en, founda- 
 tion. 
 
 ©rujijie, /. -, pi. -n, group. 
 
 ®rnppi'xtn, tr. to group. 
 
 ©riijjen, tr. to greet, salute. 
 
 ©nmmiuberfdjulj, m. -e«, pi. -e, 
 
 rubber-overshoe. 
 ©UttfHg, adj. favorable. 
 ©Uflob, m. -3, Gustavus. 
 ©Ut, adj. good ; afto. well. 
 ©lite, /. -, goodness, kindness. 
 
 0. 
 
 $oor, w. -e$, pi. -e, hair ; -oiirfle, 
 
 /. -, pi. -n, hair-brush. 
 fta&C, /. -, property, fortune. 
 22 
 
 $fl6en, a., tr. mid aux. to have. 
 £>nl)fua)t, /. -, avidity ; avarice. 
 •£)ODCr, in. -$>, quarrel. 
 
338 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 $afett, m. -$, pi. £dfen, harbor. 
 
 £afcr, m. -$, oats. 
 
 ^0g r 'in- -&$ pi- -*i woods. 
 £agcln, imp. to liail. 
 £all), adj. half. 
 
 golb, ^afben, and Ijalkr, prep, on 
 account of. 
 
 gitffte,/. -,pl- -n,half. 
 
 £al8, m. -*3, pi- £alfe, neck. 
 
 £>nltcn, o. c, /r. to hold ; keep ; 
 — fiit r to consider. 
 
 jammer, «*• -S, i^- £antmer, ham- 
 mer. 
 
 £atlfc, /• - pi. $&*«» hand ; -f(l)rift, 
 /. -, j?Z. -cn, handwriting, manu- 
 script ; -ff^U^ r m. -e3, i?Z. -e, 
 glove. 
 
 $andcfn, ft", to treat ; to act. 
 
 ganMung, /• - v 1 - -*** action. 
 
 £>aiigcit, o. c, intr. to hang; cling. 
 
 gfUlgCIt, tr. to hang. 
 
 ^Ormlo0, adj. harmless. 
 
 ^ttrt, adj. hard. 
 
 £iirte, /. -, pi- -n, severity, crude- 
 
 ness. 
 gafe, m. -tt, pi. -n, hare. 
 £(tjj, m- -&, hate, hatred. 
 £affClt, tr. to hate. 
 
 gafelidJ* *<#• ugly- 
 
 £uft, /• - haste. 
 £iiufig, adj. frequent. 
 gdttpt, n. -€*, i>Z. £aupter, head ; 
 -nn$tel)ung8tmnft, m. -e«, ^J. -c, 
 
 chief point of attraction ; -ttUgcn= 
 tltcrf r *■ -eS» chief point of view ; 
 -Dialect, w. -c3, i?Z. -e, leading 
 dialect ; -f ad)Ud), «&"• main, essen- 
 tial ; -fa^„ m. -«*/ K -&&> P rin - 
 cipal sentence ; -jttttot, /• -, pi- 
 -ftabte, capital ; -ftaitUtt, m. -e$, 
 _pZ. -jlamme, chief tribe ; -toort, 
 7i. -e$, £>Z. -worter, noun, substan- 
 tive. 
 
 $au$, w. -e«, jri. £aufer, house, man- 
 sion ; ttttd) -C, home ; gu -e, at 
 home ; -ffalt, i». -C$,pl. -t, house- 
 hold. 
 
 $0U3d)C!t, 7i. -3, ^. -, little house, 
 cottage. 
 
 gcbClt, o. C, fr. to take. 
 
 gcer, n. -f^ ^Z. -e, army ; -Ijaufeit, 
 m. -§, pi. - corps, division. 
 
 ^eftifl, «<#. violent. 
 
 gcil, 7i. -e3, welfare. 
 
 $etfanfc, m. -ed, pi. -e, Saviour. 
 
 gcilctt, ^r. to cure, heal. 
 
 £ci(tg, «<#. holy. 
 
 Qtimatf), f- - pi. -en, home. 
 
 getlttdjen, n. -3, pi. -, cricket. 
 
 §etmtfd|, ad/, domestic, indigenous. 
 
 £einriff), ». -$, Henry. 
 
 &eijj, «<#• hot. 
 
 getfeen, o. c, tr. to call j be called ; 
 
 bid, tell ; be ; mean. 
 getter, adj. bright, clieerful. 
 
 £efbencl)re f /. -, pi. -n, hero's 
 
 honor. 
 gelbengrao, n. -z§, pi. -gra&er, hero's 
 
 tomb. 
 gelbenmut^ m. -e<?, heroism. 
 gelfcn, o. c, intr. to help. 
 geltie'tifd), ad?. Helvetic. 
 genite, /• -, pi -n, hen. 
 get, a^y. hither. 
 
 gerali'fiurj, ra.-e<3, jtd.-jhirje, descent. 
 §CMUf , adv. upwards. 
 Ocrouft dim, intr. to hasten out. 
 
 $erau8'gaoe, /. -, j& -n, publica- 
 tion. 
 gerauS'treifieit, o. c, &-. drive out. 
 gerbei'jtc^cn, o. c, ft*, to conduct 
 
 hither or back. 
 
 gerlierge, /. -, pi. -n, shelter. 
 
 ^CtBfi, ni. -t§, pi. -e, autumn, fall. 
 $erfce, /• -» J*t ~n, herd ; flock. 
 
 gcrjltegen, o. c, intr. to fly. 
 
GERMAN-EXGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 339 
 
 #entadj', adv. after that. 
 
 genue'bcr, adv. down. 
 
 $err, m. -en or -n, pi. -en or -n, 
 gentleman, Mr., sir, Lord. 
 
 $errltd}, «wfr\ glorious, splendid, 
 grand, excellent. 
 
 QtXtWfyt tit, f. -, pi. -en, grandeur. 
 
 gerrfdjaft, /. - jrf. -en, domina- 
 tion, government. 
 
 $crrfd)ett, intr. to rule, reign ; to 
 prevail. 
 
 $errfd)Cr, m. -$,pl. -, ruler. 
 
 $CTU!tt' r adv. round about. 
 
 gcrum'ttetfeett, o. c, r. to wander 
 about. 
 
 $ert)0r', adv. forth, out. 
 
 #ert»or / brtngen, a., tr. to produce. 
 
 ^crtior'ljc&eit, o. c, tr. to render 
 prominent. 
 
 $ert)Or'ra$}Clt, intr. to be promi- 
 nent, project. 
 
 $crbor'treten, o. c, wrfr. to come 
 
 out. 
 $erj, «. -en3, ;?7. -en, heart. 
 .^Crjltrfj, adj. hearty, affectionate. 
 ^erjOg, to. -<?, j9Z. -$egc, duke. 
 
 £eu, n. -c3, hay ; -f djretf e, /. - pL 
 
 -n, locust. 
 
 §eudjclet', /. -, £>Z. -en, dissimula- 
 tion. 
 
 §Cltte, arfo. to-day ; — 5l6citt), this 
 evening ; — SMorgcit, this morn- 
 ing ; — $ttdjt, to-night. 
 
 $eutt0, ac#. of this day ; to-day's. 
 
 fjicr, acfe. here ; — $U fiance, in 
 this country ; -fjer, hither, here. 
 
 #tmmc(, m. -$, pi. -, heaven, sky. 
 
 $tlt, adv. thither, there. 
 
 •£>tltnll', adv. down, downward ; totC 
 Xxcptyt — , down stairs ; — nefj* 
 tnctt, 0. c, tr. to take down ; 
 -fkifJClt, 0. c, intr. to descend ; 
 -fjfiirjen, tr. to cast down. 
 
 $ittttUf, adv. up, upward ; fcte 
 3?rCj)J)e — , up stairs. 
 
 IMltblttf, to. -cS, regard. 
 
 §itli)CrUtf), ck#. hindering; obstruc- 
 tive. 
 
 §mehl', adv. in it, into it ; -fettfCtt, 
 tr. to sink into. 
 
 <§ittgeljett, 0. c, intr. to go thither. 
 
 §tnglcttett, 0. c, intr. to glide, flow. 
 
 ^tttridjten, ft*, to put to death. 
 
 §tnfc$en, r. to sit down. 
 •gjittftdjt, /. -1 p?. -en, respect, view. 
 §tntff f jwep. behind. 
 
 gtnun'ter, «^. down ; -fatten, 0. c, 
 
 intr. to drop, fall. 
 
 Qittt, to. -n, pi. -n, shepherd. 
 
 ^tSJm'ntCtt, ». -4* Spain. 
 
 ^tfto'rifdj, adj. historical. 
 
 ^C,/. -, heat. 
 
 pullCl, to, -3, ^/. -, plane. 
 
 §OflJ, <w#. high, lofty ; -fccutfflj, 0#V 
 High German ; -fttttt), n. -t$, pi. 
 -c, highland ; -fdjottfattfc, n. -$, 
 highlands of Scotland. 
 
 #oajff, adv. {sup. o/ljottj), extremely. 
 
 |>ijdj ft Clt3, cwfo. at most. 
 
 gjjf , to. -e3, _pZ. £ijfe, court ; -f JirttOje, 
 /. -, jpJ. -n, court-language. 
 
 $0ffett, Jr. to hope. 
 
 §offnutt0, /. -, pi- -en, hope. 
 
 giiije, /. -, pi- -»» height, hill. 
 
 gbljluna,, /. - jrf. -en, hollow, ex- 
 cavation. 
 
 §oU), «$'. favorable. 
 
 gotctt, tr. to go for, get, go to get, 
 bring, haul. 
 
 $olj, n. -&,pl. ^oljer, wood ; -{jttUCr, 
 w. -3, pi. -/wood-cutter ; -foljfe, 
 /. -, pi. -n, charcoal. 
 
 §oni0fauger, to. -3, jrf. - humming- 
 bird. 
 
 ftbrcit, ft*, to hear ; listen. 
 
 £ubfd), arf;. pretty. 
 
340 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 $ltfcifeit, ». -3, pi. -, horse-shoe. 
 £>ul}n, n. -c3, pi. £itfmcr, fowl. 
 |jiUfe, /. - help, aid, assistance. 
 $itlfl0$, adj. helpless. 
 $iUfgtrUf)J)en, pi. auxiliary forces. 
 £>ulf§ber&, ». -$, pi- -en, auxiliary 
 
 verb. 
 ^urfSjctftoort, *. -«*> J*» -rcortcr, 
 
 auxiliary verb. 
 Stiffen, tr. to envelop. 
 gunfc, w. -e$, j& -e, dog. 
 
 $iin&djen, n. -«, jrf. -, little dog. 
 gltngcr, m. -4, hunger; -gnotlj, 
 
 f. -, famine. 
 ^Ullgcrn, intr. and imp. to hunger, 
 
 be hungry. 
 
 $unne, m. -n, pi. -n, Hun ; nljerr* 
 
 fdjttft, /• - reign of the Huns. 
 gut, m. -es, pi. £iite, hat ; -uiirfite, 
 
 /. -, pi. -n, hat-brush. 
 •£)Uten, tr. to heed ; to keep. 
 glitte, /. - pi. -n, hut, cottage. 
 
 %tf), pron. I. 
 
 3 Or, jw»». you, ye ; her ; their ; 
 your. 
 
 31jrc and Sljrige (bcr, i>te r ims), 
 
 pron. hers ; theirs ; yours. 
 3ltt, contraction of in fceitt (24. 2.). 
 
 Smmcr, «<*>. always ; — meljr, 
 
 more and more ; -fedf, aefo. al- 
 ways, ever. 
 
 Smjicrattll, m- -$, pi- -*, imperative 
 mood ; -forttt, /. -, pi. -en, form 
 of the imperative. 
 
 3mjl erf eft, n. -*&, pi. -e, imperfect 
 tense. 
 
 ^nt|JOni'ren, intr. to impress ; strike ; 
 awe. 
 
 «3n, prep, into, to ; in ; at ; within ; 
 during ; in* Unfc ttU0lttltbif^, na- 
 tive and foreign. 
 
 Snfcem', & while. 
 
 ^nuiftttiD, m. -4, pi. -e, indicative 
 mood. 
 
 SniJtrect, adj. indirect. 
 
 Sttfcifd), adj. Indian. 
 
 Snbo*CUro^dif^, adj. Indo-Euro- 
 pean. 
 
 ^ttbuftrte', /. -, pi. -n, industry ; 
 -OUgfMnng, /. -, pi. -en, ex- 
 hibition of industrial products. 
 
 SnftmtitJ, m. -&, pi. -e, infinitive 
 mood. 
 
 ^nljatt, in. -eS, pi. -e, contents. 
 
 ^nfiittbifdj, adj. native. 
 
 $ttnere, n. inside, interior. 
 
 ^ tllter, adj. inner, interior. 
 
 ^nnerfjttll), prep, within, inside of. 
 
 ^nntgf eit, /• - heartiness. 
 
 ■3>n#, contraction of in bll3. 
 
 3ttf d|rtft, /• - pi. -en, inscription. 
 
 ^nfeft', n. -ti, pi. -en, insect. 
 
 Snfcl, /• -, pi. -n, island. 
 
 $nfofew', adv. and c. so far as. 
 
 Sntereffi'ren, tr. to interest. 
 
 Stttcrreg'num, n. -8, interregnum. 
 Sntranflttb, adj. intransitive. 
 Srtt'nifdj, adj. Eranian. 
 
 Srgenb ein, eine, ein, some one, 
 
 any one. 
 3r0enb (SttBttS, anything. 
 Srrtljum, m. -eS, pi. -turner, error. 
 ^Slflllt), n. -3, Iceland. 
 Sfoli'ren, tr. to isolate. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 341 
 
 Sto'Iien, »• ~*i Italy. 
 StaltCUCf, m. -$, pi. - Italian. 
 
 Stalte'nertu, /. -, pi. -nen, Italian 
 
 (lady). 
 
 Sttttte'ltifdj, adj. Italian. 
 Sttt'ltfOJ, «<#. Italian ; -t SjHW 
 ttjett, Italic or Italian languages. 
 
 3d, adv. yes, yea ; — tooljl, yes ii 
 
 Sttgtl,/. -,pl. -en, chase; hunting. 
 Stt0Cr, m. -§,pl. -, hunter. 
 Sill), «$'. abrupt ; steep. 
 Sttljr, n. -eS, jpZ. -e, year ; -eSjett, 
 
 /. - ^Z. -en, season of the year ; 
 
 -(juttfcert, ». -3, ^- ~ e » century. 
 Sommcr, m. -$, misery. 
 Sautmertt, intr. to lament. 
 ^flttUttr, m. -&, pi. -e, January. 
 Se, adv. ever ; — ... fceflo, or — 
 
 . • . Uttt fo, the . . . the ; — itttdj' 
 
 bent', according as. 
 Sc&Cf, jC&e, jcfceg, j?r<m. every ; 
 
 each. 
 Sefcermatttt, pron. everybody. 
 ^Cfccrjeit, adv. at any time. 
 Scbott)', c. however ; though. 
 
 Semaiti), pron. somebody, anybody. 
 
 ^CUatftfj, adj. of Jena. 
 
 fetter, jeUC, jCUeS, pron. that ; the 
 
 former. 
 Settfett and jcnfcttg, prep, beyond j 
 
 on the other side. 
 Se#t, adv. now. 
 ^0(|, m. -e$, j»Z. -e, yoke. 
 SoIjaUU, ra. -3, John. 
 Sowna!', ». -e8, j??. -e, magazine, 
 
 journal. 
 SufctfOj, flk#. Jewish. 
 
 Sugcnb, /. - youth ; -fotfe, /. - 
 
 pi. -n, youthful ringlet. 
 Suit, m. July. 
 $UU0, a#. young. 
 SuUflflttlt, /. -pi. -en, virgin, maid. 
 3uit0ltlt0, m. S, pi. -e, young man. 
 Sunt, m. June. 
 
 St, 
 
 Coffee, m. -3, coffee. 
 
 $ttft0, m. -3, jtf. -e, cage. 
 
 ^tttfer, m. -$, pi. -, emperor ; 
 -frone, /. -, pi. -n, imperial 
 crown ; -rettf), w. -c$, joZ. -e, em- 
 pire ; -tuiil'i)e, /. -, imperial dig- 
 nity. 
 
 fiaif ertn, /. - pi. -nen, empress. 
 
 ftatferliOj, adj. imperial. 
 Jtttlfortifl, adj. calcareous. 
 
 $ttlt, adj. cold. 
 
 fttttncrafo', m* -e3, pi. -en, comrade. 
 
 $amtn', m. and n. -e3, pi. -e, fire- 
 place. 
 
 ft etntpf , wi. -e$, ^/. $ampfe, combat ; 
 battle ; -Begtcr, /. - eager desire 
 for the combat ; -fjHCl, n. -e$, 
 jpl. -e, combat. 
 
 ®amj)fegtocife, /. - pi. -Xi, manner 
 of lighting. 
 
342 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 $amn'djen, n. -6, pi. -, rabbit. 
 
 ®aniUi'ipvati)t f f. -,pl. -n, language 
 
 of the court-office. 
 Rati, TO. -§, Charles. 
 
 ^orottn'ger, to. -*, pi -# Carlovin- 
 
 gian. 
 
 ^iirr'ncr, m. -3, pi. - carman, dray- 
 man. 
 
 ®iife, TO. -3, pi. -, cheese. 
 
 $afuS, to. - pi. -, case. 
 
 Alntnrof t' t to. -e3, pi. -e, cataract. 
 
 $0ftdjett f n. -$, pi. - pussy-cat; 
 little cat. 
 
 $ai?e, / - pi -n, cat. 
 
 .Vioilfcit, tr. to buy, purchase. 
 
 $ihlf tV, to. -§, pi. -, purchaser. 
 
 $ttUfmann, to. -i§, pi. -leute, mer- 
 chant. 
 
 $QUm, adv. scarcely. 
 
 $Clf, adj. fearless, bold. 
 
 £ef)rcit, tr. to sweep. 
 
 tfcttinfdjrtft, /• - pi. -en. Cunei- 
 form ; %d)amenn>tf(f)e -Clt, Cu- 
 neiforms of the time of the Achae- 
 menides. 
 
 Ihttt, fetne, fettt, adj. no ; none. 
 
 teller, to. -3, pi. -, cellar. 
 
 £cfltter, to. -$, pi. - waiter. 
 
 itClUtCIt, a., tr. to know; be ac- 
 quainted with ; — IctltClt, to be- 
 come acquainted with. 
 
 £enntntfe r /. - pi. -t, knowledge, 
 acquirement. 
 
 ^Crfcr, to. -3, pi. -, prison, dun- 
 geon. 
 
 ®tttt, f. - pi. -it, chain ; -Briitfc, 
 /. - pi. -it, chain-bridge. 
 
 £intl, n. -t$,pl. -er, child. 
 
 $ilt!t, n. -e3, pi. -e, chin. 
 
 ftta$e,/.-, pl.-n, church; -nfjiradje, 
 
 /. - ^Z. -n, language of the church. 
 IHrfdjC, /• -,jrf. -n, cherry. 
 H(aglitf), adj. lamentable ; doleful. 
 
 IHammcrn, r. to clasp, cling to. 
 
 ttfapjirrn, intr. to clatter. 
 $lar, adj. clear. 
 £lttff e, /• -, pi. -n, class. 
 $lttfftf er, to. -S, pi. - classic. 
 
 Plainer', n. -e«, i>Z. -e, piano ; — 
 
 fptclcit, to play on the piano. 
 
 JtlClU, ». -e^/ JP& -W# garment, dress ; 
 
 -erbiirfte, /. - pi. -n, clothes- 
 brush. 
 
 ®Uin, adj. little, small ; -ntfftfdj, 
 
 ae?;'. Small-Russian. 
 mi|i|ic r /• -,pl. -n, cliff; -ngtyfel, 
 
 m. -§, pi. -, summit of the cliffs. 
 AHltfl, «*(/• prudent, shrewd. 
 
 $na&e, to. -a, #z. -n, boy. 
 
 tnotcn, to. -$, pi. -, knot. 
 
 $0d), to. -t&,pl. Stbfy, cook. 
 
 AtudjCtt, to*, to boil, cook. 
 
 Coffer, to. -3, jp£ - coffer, trunk. 
 
 foijlfdjtolirj, adj. coal black. 
 
 ftoltfirt, to. -3, $. -&# humming- 
 bird. 
 
 tbllt, ». -$, Cologne. 
 
 $0 liter, adj. of Cologne. 
 
 Colonic', /• -, pi. -«, colony. 
 
 ftommen, o. c, m£r. to come. 
 
 Hom|iaratib f to. -3, jtf. -e, compara- 
 tive degree. 
 
 ^Oni)itiontt'U0, to. -, jpZ. -, condi- 
 tional mood. 
 
 ®omg, to. -3, pi. -e, king ; -rcic^ r 
 n. -t$, pi. -e, kingdom ; -gfrottC, 
 /. -, £>Z. -tt, crown. 
 
 ^bnigin, /. -, pi. -nett, queen. 
 
 ^btttglidj, «<#. royal. 
 
 &UHUCU, a., aux. and tr. can, may, 
 to be able ; to know, understand ; 
 to be able to do ; id) ftttttt md)t 
 Ulttljtn, I cannot help (doing, 
 
 &c) ; idj fann 9litf)ti fcafiir, I 
 
 cannot help it. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 343 
 
 ^OttfiantUtO'Jiel, n.-4, Constantino- 
 ple. 
 
 $Ojjf, m. -t$, pi. tfofcfe, head ; ufttt 
 ben — tDadjfcn, to become too 
 strong. 
 
 $0t&, m. -t€, pi. $6rbe, basket. 
 
 &0M, n. -e$, pi. Corner, grain ; 
 corn, rye. 
 
 tfiirjier, m. -a, jtf. -, body ; -griifce, 
 
 /. -, pi. -n, size of the body. 
 
 fitoftbatf adj. costly, expensive, 
 precious, valuable. 
 
 itoflClt, intr. to cost. 
 
 itraf t, /• -, i^ tfrafte, strength, pow- 
 er ; prep, by virtue of. 
 
 $raUe, /. -, pi. -n, claw. 
 Cramer, m. -*, pi. - grocer. 
 Jlranf, adj. sick. 
 StranfJjeit, /. - pi. -en, sickness, 
 
 disease. 
 ftvatll, m. -e3, pi. flranje, circle. 
 £reUic,/. -,jrt. -n, chalk. 
 
 &ret$ r m. -e3, ^?Z. -t, circle ; cir- 
 cuit. 
 
 $rCU$, «. -e«, jtf . -C, cross ; -jug, 
 m. -e3, pi. -iuge, crusade. * 
 
 $rteg, m. -&, pi. -e, war ; breiftigs 
 
 jatjrtgc — , thirty years war ; 
 
 -£fcie!tft, m. -e3, pi. -e, military 
 service ; Sffagge, /. - pi. -n, war- 
 flag. 
 
 tofofctf , n. -e3, pi. -e, crocodile. 
 
 ®TOttC f /. ->jrf. -n, crown. 
 
 {frltlttltt, adj. crooked. 
 
 tf rtyftaU', m. -c«, ^Z. -e, crystal. 
 
 ^Itdjeit, «fc -8, jtf. -, cake. 
 
 &Uge(,/. -, pi. -it, baU. 
 
 *N)r/- -,|& -fiu^cow. 
 
 &u()(, ad?, cool. 
 
 ,Uiil)ll r adj. bold, audacious. 
 
 Summer, m. -$, grief. 
 
 &lttl&gebeit, r. to make known. 
 
 ftliniltg, adj. acquainted with. 
 
 &Uttfttg, adj. future. 
 
 Ultnfl, /. - pi. flunjle. art. 
 
 Mnfifer, m. -3, ^. -, artist. 
 
 AJiinftlcrifdj, adj. artistical. 
 ftlljljiel, /. - pi. -n, dome. 
 Mditfe, m. -e3, pi. -e, pumpkin. 
 $Uff itrff, m. -en, pi. -en, elector. 
 SUrfurfUtdHadjfifdj, a<#. relating 
 
 to the electorate of Saxony. 
 ®ur$, adj. short ; laconic ; ftor 
 
 ft urjCttt, a short time ago ; adv. 
 
 shortly, in short. 
 $Utfdjer, m. -$, pi. -, coachman. 
 
 8. 
 
 fiadjett, intr. to laugh, smile. 
 Sadjerltdj, adj. ridiculous ; laugh- 
 able. 
 Saben, m. -$, pi. Cdben, shop. 
 Cacjcrtt, r. to lie down. 
 Hulb, m. -e$, pi. -e, loaf (of bread). 
 fiomm, n. -e3, ^Z. hammer, lamb. 
 fiammcrgetcr, m. -0, ^. -, golden 
 
 vulture. 
 
 Sttmjie,/. -pi. -It, lamp. 
 
 fianfc, *. -t$,pl. 2dnber, land, coun- 
 try ; -gut r w. -e$, 2^- ~S uter / coun- 
 try-seat ; -fjauS, w. -e$, jtf. -fydufer, 
 country-house ; -tdttt, /■ -, pi- _ n, 
 map ; -imntn, m. -e8, pi. -leute, 
 farmer, husbandman ; -ft#, ra.-eS, 
 ^Z. -e, country-seat ; -fira&e, /. - 
 2?Z. -tt, highway. 
 
344 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 fioitfrett, inir. to land. 
 
 Suntordf pradjr, /. -, pi. -n, language 
 
 of the country. 
 
 fianfcfdjaft,/- -,pl. -en, landscape. 
 
 fiong, adj. long. 
 
 fittltg or latlgC, adv. long, a long 
 time. 
 
 fifilige,/. -,pl. -n, length. 
 
 filing lid), adj. ohlong. 
 
 fiong|,.prep. along. 
 
 fiongfl, adv. long ago. 
 
 fioffett, o. c, tfr. aTwZ awa;. to let, 
 leave ; quit ; permit, allow ; or- 
 der, cause ; make do ; foUcit — , 
 drop. 
 
 fiilffig, ac?/. burdensome, trouble- 
 some. 
 
 fiotet'ntfdj, adj. Latin. 
 
 fioitl), 7i. -e3, foliage, leaves. 
 
 fiottf, m. -t$,pl. fidufe, run, course. 
 
 fioufeit, o. c, intr. to run. 
 
 fiailtlC, /. - pi. -it, humor, caprice ; 
 whim. 
 
 fittttt, m. -e3, ^Z. -e, sound ; -$etdjen, 
 ». -3, j9?. -, notation of sounds. 
 
 Colli, ae?/. loud, aloud. 
 
 fioitt, prep, according to. 
 
 fi OUtcr, adj. pure ; mere. 
 
 gotm'ne, /. - pi. -n, avalanche. 
 
 fiCDCtt, intr. to live; IcBcit Sic 
 tOflljl ! or jfeoe hioljl ! farewell ! 
 
 fieOCtl, ». -3, .pZ. -, life. 
 
 fiC&Cttgtoontoel, m. -3, conduct. 
 
 I'cDctDOfif, ?i. -e3, farewell. 
 
 ficfeljoft, fl^/. active, lively. 
 
 ficfccr, n. -3, leather. 
 
 fiefetg, a#. empty ; free. 
 
 fieer, &#. empty. 
 
 fiegen, tr. to lay. 
 
 fieljre, /• -, pL -n, doctrine. 
 Sejjreit, tr. to teach, instruct. 
 fitter, m. -3, i?Z. -, teacher, in- 
 structor. 
 
 ficljrerin, /. -, pi. -nen, (female) 
 
 teacher. 
 fieifi, m. -e§, ^Z. -er, body. 
 fieidjentoogen, m. -3, pi. -, hearse. 
 
 ficidjttflltl, m. -e3, jpZ. -c, corpse. 
 
 fietdjt, adj. light ; easy ; ready. 
 
 fiefo, 71. -e3, woe, pain ; eS tfjttt Wlir 
 Icill, 1 am sorry for it. 
 
 fietbett, o. c, tr. to suffer, endure. 
 
 fietoett, n. -4, pi. -, suffering ; ca- 
 lamity. 
 
 fictbCll&C, m. and/, sufferer. 
 
 fifi&f nf d)itf L, /. - pi. -en, passion. 
 
 fifiljbtultotfjef, /• -, pi. -en, circu- 
 lating library. 
 
 fieuitoonfc,/. - linen. 
 
 I'rtji.vg, »• ~^/ Leipsic. 
 
 fietfe, ad;, soft ; faint ; still. 
 
 ficiftctl, tr. to do, render. 
 
 ficitctl, tr. to lead. 
 
 fief tton', /• - pi. -en, lesson. 
 
 fiettfett, tr. to lead ; direct ; turn. 
 
 fieojiorfc', m. -en, pi. -en, leopard. 
 
 ficmen, *7^t\ to learn. 
 
 fiefCDltdj, n. -e3, pi. -bufytr, reader. 
 
 fief en, o. c, tr. to read. 
 
 fictttfdj, adj. Lettonian, Lettlandish. 
 
 fiefct, adj. last. 
 
 Severer, lefctere, lefctereS, or fcer, 
 
 &IC, J)0$ fiefctcre, the latter. 
 
 fieil, m. -en, jo?, -en, lion. 
 
 ficudjteit, intr. to shine, flash. 
 
 fieitte, pi. people. 
 
 ficricogro'JlIjiflJir adj. lexicographi- 
 cal. 
 
 fiidjt, n. -e3, pi. -e and -er, light. 
 
 filCD, adj. dear, beloved. 
 
 Sieoe, /. -, love. 
 
 fiteoett, tr. to love. 
 fiieftengtuurbig, adj. amiable, lovely. 
 fiicbel&Iitf, m.-t$,pl.-t, affectionate 
 
 look. 
 fiieb, n. -e3, pi. -er, song. 
 
GERMAN- ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 345 
 
 fitcffattfc, n. -eS, Livonia. 
 
 fitcgctt, o. c, Mi£r. to lie ; be situ- 
 ated. 
 
 Silte,/. - ^. -n, lily. 
 
 Sttlbcit, pi. name of a street (from 
 ilic fitttfce, linden-tree, bass- 
 wood). 
 
 fitnf, adj. left. 
 
 fiittf£, «^w. on the left hand. 
 
 gi^cttt, tr. to whisper. 
 
 *Htera'rifd) f adj. literary. 
 
 fiitcratttr', /. - pi. -en, literature. 
 
 fittttUCtt or gtttttUCtt, n. -i, Lithu- 
 ania. 
 
 SitauifflJ or SittttUifd}, adj. Lithu- 
 anian. 
 
 Soft, n. -e$, praise ; -gcfattfj, m. -e$, 
 jsZ. -gefange, song of praise. 
 
 KoDctt, tr. to praise. 
 
 So§, ». -e$, i??. -e, lot, allotment ; 
 
 fate. 
 Soofett, intr. to draw lots ; raffle for. 
 £og, ae?/. loose, rid. 
 £i)fCtt, tr. to solve, dissolve. 
 
 gfltfjttr'fiJjV Sotljar'tfaj, «$ of Lo- 
 
 thar, Lothar's. 
 
 fiiitoe, m.-n,^.-n, lion; -nprten, 
 
 m. -$, ^. -garten, lion-enclosure. 
 fiufcttltg, w. -3, Lewis. 
 fiuft,/- " P*. Siifte, air; -fctdjt, a#. 
 
 air-tight. 
 filtfttJJ, adj. airy ; breezy. 
 fiufl, /. - pi. Stifle, pleasure, joy ; 
 
 -f Jltel, n. -e$, pi. -e, comedy. 
 filtfitoanbcltt, &*#*. to promenade. 
 fitjrtf, /• - lyric poetry, lyrics. 
 
 Sijrifcr, m. -3, jrf. -, lyric poet. 
 fitjfifdj, a<#. lyric, lyrical. 
 
 9KttO0, /. -, Maes, Meuse. 
 9ftnccfc0'mfdj, adj. Macedonian. 
 SHiadjCIt, *r. to make, cause ; give ; 
 
 einen Sjmjicr'pna, — , to take 
 a walk ; fid) auf ben SBcg — to 
 set out ; fid) t!t8 $ctt) — , to go 
 into the field. 
 
 Wiaifyt, f. -, pi. SWad&te, might, power. 
 
 2Rad)ttg, adj. mighty, powerful ; 
 master of. 
 
 9MfcdjCtt, n. -3, pi. -, maid, girl. 
 
 SWagCr, adj. meager, poor. 
 
 9flttfltyar / , m. -en, jtf. -en, Magyar. 
 
 9Wol)Ctt, tr. to mow. 
 
 SWoljI, w. -co, jp*. -c, meal. 
 
 2Ral)len, o. c, tr. to grind. 
 
 2Rtt^nC f /• - pi. -% niane. 
 
 $iaj)rtfjen, n. -3, ^. - tale, legend. 
 
 2Wat, m. -e«, i??. -e, May ; — Btiittt^ 
 djen, n. -$, pi. -, and -BluntC, 
 /. -, pi. -n, may-flower ; lily of the 
 valley. 
 
 Spoilt, m. -e$, Maine; -Inni), n.-t$, 
 pi. -lanbcr, country of the river 
 Maine ; SJlttttt* Utlb 9Jl)einfani), 
 country of the rivers Maine and 
 Rhine. 
 
 9ft al, n. -e«, pi. -e, time ; fcaS crfie 
 
 — , the first time. 
 SRalCtt, tr. to paint. 
 9ftalcr, »». -3, i?£. - painter. 
 9ftttlerifd), adj. picturesque. 
 9ft an, prow, one, they, people. 
 
 9ftandjer, ntandje, mancOcg, pron. 
 
 many a ; IttttttrfjC, pi. many. 
 9ft angel, m. -3, pi. Mangel, want, lack. 
 
346 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 Mongeln, imp. to lack. 
 Mttnn, m. -c$, pi. banner, man. 
 Mantel, m. -3, pi. Mantel, cloak. 
 Mardjen, n. -3, pi. -, tale, legend, 
 
 story. 
 Marine, /. - pi. -n, marine, navy. 
 
 Marmelfteinern, adj. of marble. 
 
 Mttrfdji'ren, *tfr. to march. 
 
 Miirtljrcr, m, -*, pi. -, martyr. 
 
 Miirj, m. -&,pl. -e, March. 
 
 Mofttji'ltC, /• - pi. -n, machine, en- 
 gine. 
 
 Moj), n. -e3, ^?Z. -e, measure ; -gC* 
 Denb, adj. prescribing, restricting, 
 authoritative. 
 
 Mafeio,, adj. temperate. 
 
 Mnffitl', adj. massive ; coarse. 
 
 Mat iluor', m. -e3, pi. -t, matadore. 
 
 Wlatfyma'tittt, m. -$, pi. -, mathe- 
 matician. 
 
 Mtttrafc'e, /. - pi. -n, mattress. 
 
 Mattl, ?i. -e$, pi. banter, month. 
 
 Maultljier, ». -c3,|rf. -e, mule. 
 
 Meer, ft-. -e3, £>Z. -C# sea. 
 
 Meljf, n. -e$, flour, meal. 
 
 Meljr, comp. of Did ; -$afjf, /. - 
 
 plural. 
 Meljrere, adj., pi. several. 
 Meile, /• - pi. -n, mile. 
 
 Mein, nteine, incut, pro». my. 
 Meiner, nteine, nteineS, or ber, bie, 
 ba§ meinc, or Dcr, tie, fcaS nut* 
 
 ntgc, _pro?i. mine. 
 
 Meinmtg, /• - pi- -en, opinion, con- 
 viction. 
 
 Meift, adv. mostly. 
 
 Mciftcng, adv. mostly. 
 
 Meiftcr, m. -3, pZ. - master ; — ftiirf , 
 71. -e3, j??. -c, master-piece ; — tOCtf, 
 w. -e§, pi. -C, master-work. 
 
 Melben, tr. to announce. 
 
 Mcnfrt), m. -en, pi. -en, man; human 
 being. t 
 
 9Weitfd)ljeit, /. -, humanity, man- 
 kind. 
 
 Menfdjlidj, adj. human. 
 
 SJkrftoiir&ig, adj. remarkable. 
 
 Merobinger, m. -3, pi. -, Merovin- 
 gian. 
 
 MerObitt'gifOJ, adj. Merovingian. 
 
 Meffer, n. -i, pi. -, knife. 
 
 MetoU', *. -c3, y. -e, metal. 
 
 Meter, m. -0, i?Z. - metre. 
 
 Metf)0'l»e, /. -, pi. -n, method, sys- 
 tem. 
 
 Mietljen, £r. to hire, rent. 
 
 MitttJ, /. -, milk ; -fojttum, m. -&, 
 foam. 
 
 Minbefte (ber, bic, bag), a<#. the 
 
 least. 
 
 SWillUte, /. - pi -n, minute. 
 
 Mifojen, tr. to mix. 
 
 MiPit'Iigen, tr. to disapprove, con- 
 demn. 
 
 MifjOrtnt'djen, tr. to abuse, misuse. 
 
 Mifefttflen, o. c, intr. to displease. 
 
 MifeUdj, ad;, dubious, doubtful, 
 delicate. 
 
 Wilt, prep. with. 
 
 Mit&rtngen, a., tr. to bring with. 
 
 Mitgtieb, n. -e3, pi. -er, member. 
 
 MttfdjUlbtgc, m. and f. accom- 
 plice. 
 
 Mitfdj titer, m. -3, pi. - school- 
 fellow. 
 
 Mittag, m.-?$, pi.-?, midday, noon; 
 $U — effen, to dine. 
 
 Mitte, f. - pi. -n, middle, midst. 
 
 MittCt, n. -§, pi. -, means ; -I)0tt> 
 fceutfOj, adj. Middle High Ger- 
 man ; -ntttfeig, adj. tolerable. 
 
 MittclS or mitUlftf prep, by means 
 of. 
 
 Mitten, adv. in the midst. 
 
 MittljeUen, tr. to communicate, tell. 
 
 Mittlere, adj. middle. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 347 
 
 2Rtttto0dj, m, -eg, pi. -e, Wednes- 
 day. 
 
 ffliituritcx, adv. sometimes. 
 
 SWtttmrfung, /. - pi. -en, co-opera- 
 tion. 
 
 WiobcW, n. -eg, pi. -e, model. 
 
 WlotitXtl', adj. modern, fashionable. 
 
 3Jiofeu£ f m. -,pl. .-, mood. 
 
 SRogClt, a., intr. and aux. may, can; 
 to be allowed ; like ; wish. 
 
 2Rbg(td), adj. possible. 
 
 SRoJjammetoa'mfd), adj. Mohamme- 
 dan. 
 
 Wflonat, m. -§,pl. -e, month. 
 
 aWotttttltdj, adj. monthly. 
 
 9JJi)nd), m. -eg, pi. -e, monk. 
 
 9Ront), m. -eg, pi. -e, moon. 
 
 URotttag, m. -eg, pi. -e, Monday. 
 
 SJlorfc, m.-Z$, pl.-z, murder; -fltdjt, 
 /. -, thirst of blood. 
 
 WIMtV, m. -g, pi. -, murderer. 
 
 SDciiriset'tfrf), adj. murderous. 
 
 SRorgen, m. -g, pi. -, morning ; 
 -gloif C r f. -, pi. -n, morning bell ; 
 -Itttt&, ».-€*, Orient ; -Ue&, ?i.-cg, 
 jpZ. -er, morning song. 
 
 SWotJjett, acfo. to-morrow ; — friilj, 
 to-morrow morning. 
 
 2Rog(e'mifd), adj. Moslem, Moham- 
 medan. 
 
 SWoStJUt'tO, /. - pi. -g, mostjuito. 
 
 9ft lift e, adj. weary, tired. 
 
 SRitlje, f. -, pi. -rt, pains, trouble ; 
 fid) — gefictt, to take pains. 
 
 Gutter, m. -o, jtf. -, miller. 
 
 Mndjett, ». -g, Munich. 
 
 9ftUttt), ra. -eg, pj, 5flitnbc, mouth ; 
 -fttt, /. - pi. -en, dialect. 
 
 Mnbuttg, /. - pi. -en, mouth. 
 
 9ftUttter, ar/y. lively. 
 
 9Kumn, wtfr. to growl. 
 
 2Rufenaltttattttdj, n. -eg, ^Z. -e, alma- 
 nac of the Muses. 
 
 9ftuftfa'Hfdj, adj. musical. 
 
 Wiufc, f. -, leisure. 
 
 SWiiffClt, a., intr. and aux. to be 
 obliged, must. 
 
 Mfj'iggattfl, m. -eg, idleness. 
 
 SWlttlj, m. -eg, courage ; -toitfc, m. 
 -n, wantonness. 
 
 $iUtf)ig, «<#. courageous, spirited. 
 
 Wluttex, /• - pi- flitter, mother. 
 
 % 
 
 9lad), prep, after ; to ; at ; accord- 
 ing to ; — itltb — , by and by ; 
 — • • • fjitt, towards. 
 
 $adjttf)ntcn f tr. to imitate. 
 
 9iari)bar, m. -g, pi. -n, neighbor. 
 
 DloiParfdjaft, /. - p*. -en, neighbor- 
 hood, vicinity. 
 
 9iadjiiem', c. after. 
 
 9iad)&riitfltdj, adj. energetic. 
 
 Hiari)CU. m. -g, jpZ. -, skiff, bark. 
 
 9lad)foIgcn, mfr\ to follow. 
 
 yiadjfolfler, m>. -%, pi- - successor. 
 
 9Jadjforfdjett, intr. to search. 
 
 Iflltdjforfdjuttg, /. - pi. -en, search- 
 ing, investigation. 
 
 Wafytommtl, o. c, intr. to follow. 
 
 9lod)Iafftg, adj. negligent. 
 
 IRadjlttittttg, m. -eg, pi ~t, after- 
 noon. 
 
 9Jod)nttttog0, adv. in the afternoon. 
 
 92atf)rid)t, /• -, pi- -er, news, report. 
 
 9l'titf)flcn$, adv. soon. 
 
 SKadjt, /. - pi- 9fa#te, night. 
 
 ^OdjtljetUg, ad/, injurious, hurtful. 
 
348 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 9todjtipff, /• -, pi. -en, nightingale. 
 Uiiidjtttdj, adj. nightly ; at night. 
 9ld(ttn, m. -$, pi. -, neck, nape. 
 9la%tl, m.-*,pl. SKogel, nail ; -fciirjle, 
 
 /. -, pi. -n, nail-brush. 
 9lttIjC, adj. near, nigh; neighboring; 
 
 -jtt, adv. almost, nearly. 
 9iiilj|nat>cl, /. - pi. -n, needle. 
 *Jiitl)CU, intr. to sew. 
 HJittfjere, n. the particulars, details. 
 9Jttljr!)aft, adj. nutritious. 
 9toljrung,/.-, pl.-tn, food ; -gmittcl, 
 
 n. -$, pi. -, means of subsistence. 
 
 9lamt, m. -n, pi. -n, name ; title. 
 
 9lamtntli(b t adv. especially. 
 
 DiiimUdj, c. namely. 
 
 9ittjj, adj. wet. 
 
 9lata'iit, f. -ni, Natalia. 
 
 9Jtttion' f /. - pi. -en, nation. 
 
 Matut, f. - pi. -en, nature. 
 
 9taturlti$, adj. natural. 
 
 9UM, m. -§, pi. -, fog. 
 
 deficit, prep, near ; -flujj, m. -e$, 
 pi. -fliiffe, confluent ; -f a£, m. -e3, 
 jsZ. -jafce, subordinate sentence. 
 
 9Jcb|}, prep, besides. 
 
 9Jcrfcn f tr. to tease. 
 
 9lcfft, ni. -n, ^£. -n, nephew. 
 
 9tcljmen, o. &, frv to take ; etnett 
 9lnfttng — , to begin ; fid) bag 
 
 §Crj — , to take heart, courage ; 
 
 tit 5lnf|iru^ — , to lay claim to. 
 WltiU, in. -e3, envy. 
 9ieil)tfdj, adj. envious. 
 9lciguttg, /. -, pi. -en, inclination. 
 9ictlt, adv. no. 
 9felfe,/.-,2>Z.-n,pink. 
 92cnnClt, «-, to*, to name, call. 
 ffltft, ». -eS, j?Z. -er, nest. 
 Jttctt,«f(/.new; -Ijodjfoeutfdj, arf/.N.H. 
 
 Germ. ; — 4icrftf dj, ««?/. New Persian. 
 9iCUCr f a<2/. newer ; modern ; - -foingS, 
 
 adv. recent] } T . 
 
 9JcuItd), adj. recent. 
 9litf)t, adv. not ; — cinittol, not even. 
 9lid)tt, f. - pi. -n, niece. 
 9Jtd)t8, adv. nothing. 
 Dittfcn, intr. to nod. 
 9lit, adv. never. 
 
 9Jtefccrfceutfd), adj. Low German. 
 92tet)er&CUtfd)e, m. awd /. the Low 
 German. 
 
 9iici>erlage, /. -, ^. -n, depot. 
 
 9Ut llcrlantJC, J^Z. Netherlands. 
 
 92iefcerlaffen, r. to settle. 
 9itc&erlegcn, r. to lie down. 
 9liei)CVftrctfeit, f. to stretch to the 
 ground. 
 
 9Hetortg, «$ low. 
 
 92temal§, «eft;. never. 
 
 HJltcmattfc, ^wora. nobody. 
 
 910(f), adv. yet, still ; nor ; -mafj, 
 
 once more. 
 URominatit), rii.-t§,pl.-z, nominative. 
 ^orfcen, m. -i, north. 
 9l0X0iran$W(f) t adj. North French. 
 9Jorbif(fj, adj. northern. 
 •i'lUlultrf), adj. northerly. 
 Sorbin art, f. -, pi. -en, northern 
 
 boundary. 
 ^Ofbfette, /. -, pi. -n, north side. 
 9iormttntl' f ra. -en, pi. -en, Norman. 
 9l0U, f. -, pi. -n, note; -nbltdj, 
 
 n.-t§,pl.-bvi§tx, music, music-book. 
 
 9ibtl)ig ijafien, to need. 
 
 9li)t^!gen, fov to compel, urge. 
 
 9i0tlCm'6cr r m. -3, pZ. -, November. 
 
 Summer, /. -, pi. -n, number. 
 
 9lltn, adv. now. 
 
 9Jltr, «efo. only, but. 
 
 $U&, /• - pi. SMfie, nut ; -fdjttle, 
 
 /. -, ^?Z. -n, nut-shell. 
 $U#eit, fr. to profit, use. 
 %i\Xt ? tn, m. -*, profit, interest. 
 SRiltjlid), adj. useful. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 349 
 
 D. 
 
 OB, c. whether, if. 
 
 Ob Clt, acfo. up stairs. 
 
 Dfier, «$". upper j -tjttflj, ^wep. 
 above. 
 
 O&gletdj', c although. 
 
 CGjectiu,, w. -0, pi. -e, objective 
 case. 
 
 OH ft, n. -e3, fruit. 
 
 Oufoo!)F, c. although. 
 
 OCCAU, w. -0, J?Z. -e, ocean. 
 
 Odjg, m. -en, pi. -en, or 0(J)fe, 
 w. -n, pi. -n, ox. 
 
 Ofcer, c. or. 
 
 Ofen, m. -<3, pi. Defen, stove. 
 
 Offeit, a$. open. 
 
 Ocffcntltr^f tit, f. -, publicity. 
 
 DfftjtCr', m. -8, pZ. -e, officer. 
 
 Ccffnen, tr. to open. 
 
 Oft, adv. often ; -Willi, adv. oft- 
 times. 
 
 OljCUU, m. -§, pi. -e, uncle. 
 
 Oljtte, prep, without. 
 Oljr, n. -e3, pi. -e, ear. 
 Oftfl'kr, m. -3, ^Z. - October. 
 Ollf Cf, m. -$, pi. -, uncle. 
 Orbetttlidj, adj. orderly, regular. 
 Oritamenf, n. -c3, pi. -e, ornament. 
 
 Ort, m. -e3, pi. -e, awd Ocrtcr, 
 
 place. 
 
 Off, m. East; -ttttljcltt, %. -$, East 
 Anglia ; -fruttfett, n. -$, Eastern 
 Franconia ; -frttttfiftfj, adj. relat- 
 ing to Eastern Franconia; -gotlje, 
 m. -tt, pi. -n, Ostrogoth ; -{Jutfjctt- 
 retd), n. -e3, pi. -e, kingdom of the 
 Ostrogoths ; -mfctett, n. -3, East 
 Indies ; -romijdj, adj. Eastern 
 Roman ; -fee, /. -, Baltic sea. 
 
 Often, n. -3, East. 
 
 Ocfteiretu) or Oeftietu), n. -3, Aus- 
 tria. 
 
 OefHldj, adj. eastern, easterly. 
 
 ^Paar, n. -e3, pi. -e, pair, couple. 
 
 forfeit, tr. to seize. 
 
 ^nrfjiatiicr, n. -e3, wrapping-paper. 
 
 ^Pttlttfl', m. -eS, jo/. 9)alctfte, palace. 
 
 ^Onno'tltcn, ». -a, Pannonia. 
 
 $PantoffeI, »». -a, ^/. - <meZ -n, 
 slipper. 
 
 5Parf, m. -C$, pi. -C, park. 
 
 Sparlament', ». -C«, #Z. -e, parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 $orfe, w. -n, ^Z. -n, Parsee. 
 
 ^Pttrtci, /. -, pi. -en, party. 
 
 SParti$tJ>', n. -3, pi. -ten, participle. 
 
 $ tiff en, m^r. to fit, suit. 
 
 ^nfftt), adj. passive. 
 
 ^ttfftb, n. -3, pi. -a, passive voice. 
 
 ^offitutm, n. -3, pi. SPafftoct, passive 
 
 voice. 
 $atHtti01t, n. -§, pi. -*, pavilion. 
 ty erf eft, w. -<?, jp?. ^crfefta, perfect 
 
 tense. 
 ^ertO'ue,/. ->jrf. -«, period, epoch. 
 ^Crle, /. - pi -n, pearl. 
 
 $erfer, ». -a, j?z. -, Persian ; -frieg, 
 
 %. -c3, ^;Z. -e, Persian war. 
 $Ctflfd), adj. Persian. 
 ^pCrfOtl', /• - pi -en, person ; -enntt* 
 
 WlCn, J». -§,pl. -, name of a person. 
 
350 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 ^erfon'Odj, adj. personal. 
 ^Pcfi, /. -, pi. -en, pestilence. 
 ^Ctcrfirafec, /• -, pL -», Peter Street. 
 *Pfafc, m. -e3, /£ -e, path. 
 SpfcUcr, on. -*, p*. -, pillar. 
 
 pfennig, m, -e$, p£ -c, pfennig. 
 $ferb, ».-e*,jrf.-e ( horse ; -cfliegc, 
 
 /. -, pi. -n, horse-fly. 
 $ft!tgfitfenett,y. Whitsuntide vaca- 
 tions. 
 
 $firfid)6auitt(f)Cn, w. -3, |rf. - peach- 
 tree. 
 
 SpfkjJC,/. - care. 
 
 ipflcn.cn, tr. to cherish, cultivate. 
 
 Wdjt,/. -#J* -en, duty ; plight. 
 
 ^fliitfcn, tr. to pluck. 
 
 SPfufjI, ra. -C«, pi. -e, bolster, pillow. 
 
 $Pfltn&, n. -e$, j& -e, pound. 
 
 $!)antaftc', /. - pi. -n, imagination. 
 
 $P&tlolog', m. -:\\,pl. -en, philologist. 
 
 $ptjtfofo'J)l)ifd), adj. -philosophical. 
 
 SPljonir, ra. -e3, pi. -e, phoenix. 
 
 $tctc, m. -\\,pl. -n, Pict. 
 
 $ptnafotl)Cf , /. -, Pinakothek. 
 
 $Pinfcl, ra. -3, pi. -, pencil, brush. 
 t, ra. -e£, j^Z. -e, a?io? $ftiltc, 
 plan, design. 
 
 m. -tv, pi. $la§e, place. 
 
 SPIiifcltdj, adj. sudden. 
 
 spiuSquamjJerfcft, ». -«9, jtf. -a, plu- 
 perfect. 
 
 Spoefte',/. -,p£ -n, poetry. 
 ^oe'ttfdj, «#. poetic. 
 $olu Utfd), a#. Polabian, Linonian. 
 tyolax'trti§,m.-e$,pl.-?, polar-circle. 
 SPoft'tifd), a<#. political. 
 ^Oliufd), adj. Polish. 
 
 SPortfilt, ». -3, ^/. -3, portrait. 
 SPortugtC'fiflOr adj. Portuguese. 
 SPorjdfatt', n. -4, porcelain ; -fafittf, 
 
 /. -, pi. -en, porcelain-factory. 
 SpVttdjt, /. -> splendor, brightness, 
 
 pomp. 
 $riid)tig, adj. splendid, bright. 
 ^roMftttt'toifdj, adj. predicative. 
 
 spraftrum, n. -$, pi. tyt&flxa, prefix. 
 
 iplOji, n. -4, Prague. 
 SPraftiftfj, adj. practical. 
 tyr'apofitM,f-,pl- -en, preposition. 
 $riifen$ f n. -, present tense. 
 $ret$, ra. -«*, pi. -e, price ; -gelien, 
 
 o. c, tr. to expose. 
 $reifcn, 0. c, ft", to praise. 
 SPreufje, ra. -n, j>Z. -n, Prussian. 
 ^reufjen, »• -^/ Prussia (8. 2.). 
 ^reujjtfdj, «#• Prussian. 
 gJrobt'reti, tr. to try. 
 $Probuct' or «Pro&uft, ». -e$, pi. -e, 
 
 production. 
 
 iprobuction or sproimftton', /. - 
 
 pi. -en, production. 
 ^rofef'for, ra. -$, pZ. -en, professor. 
 $rofeffur', /. -,^Z.-en, professorship. 
 tyrottftant, ra. -en, pj. -en, protes- 
 
 tant. 
 ^rotJCnca'ftf^, adj. Provencal. 
 
 ^rotiinjtaf etnrtdjtung, /. -, pi. -en, 
 
 provincial institution. 
 $U&ttcU1tt or tyuMltum, n. -3, public. 
 $ult, n. -e3, pi. -e, desk. 
 $unftftd), adj. punctual. 
 SPiitlf t\\ti)ttit, f. -, punctualness. 
 ^Pu^Cll, tr. to adorn ; clean. 
 
 $u£madjertn, /. -,pl. -nen, milliner. 
 
 o. 
 
 Cuctfftf6cr, *. -3, quicksilver, mer- [ OueHe, /. -, pi. -n, source, spring, 
 cury. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 351 
 
 «. 
 
 S?ofie r m. -tt, pi. -n, raven. 
 Ofotfje, f. -, vengeance. 
 Oiofc, n. -e3, pi. $dber, wheel. 
 9itt()tnen, m. -3, pj. - frame. 
 
 92anb, m. -t$,pl. SWnber, edge, side, 
 
 margin. 
 
 OJang, m. -ti,pl. Range, rank. 
 
 OlaJ)J)e r m. -n, p£ -«, black steed. 
 
 $af(f), ac//'. quick, rash, rapid. 
 
 9JafCttb f adj. furious. 
 
 ffiatf), m. -e3, advice. 
 
 3?atf)Cn, o. c, tr. to advise. 
 
 Dittt()fe(, n. -$,pl. -, riddle ; problem. 
 
 OJOUO, m. -Ci, robbery ; -tfjter, 
 re. -cd, jo/, -f, beast of prey ; -(j(js 
 get, m, -a, pi. -»6gel, bird of prey. 
 
 $au&cr, m. -«, pi. -, robber. 
 
 OJauberifd), ad/', rapacious. 
 
 OianOritterttjum, n. -es, knighthood 
 
 of robbers. 
 cRaurfjCtt, fo\ to smoke. 
 SRaubtfd), adj. Eaudian ; -c pettier, 
 
 Kaudian plains. 
 diaum, m.-&, plMvimt, room,space. 
 $cdjt f adj. right, righteous, just; 
 
 adv. very; -fdjttffen, adj. honest; 
 
 — gClttg, adj. seasonable" timely. 
 [, n. -c$, pi. -e, right. 
 dtctytt, adv. at or to the right hand. 
 Dictfcit, tr. to stretch. 
 $fbc, /. - pi. -n, narration, speech, 
 
 language. 
 9leMidj, adj. honest. 
 9Jcflq*it), adj. reflexive. 
 dttiotmatiori ', f. -, pi. -en, reforma- 
 tion. 
 $CflC, adj. moving, stirring ; active. 
 9iegef,/. -,pl. -n, rule. 
 .KcgCH, m. -$>, rain ; shower ; -txop* 
 
 fen, m. -3, pi. -, rain-drop. 
 
 Stcgcc'rett, tr. to rule, govern. 
 
 ^egte'rung,/. -,,pJ. -en, government. 
 
 OJetd^, «<#. rich, wealthy. 
 
 DJeidj, re. -c^,2>Z. -e, kingdom ; em- 
 pire. 
 
 9Jetdjen, *r. to reach. 
 
 $eidjfjttltigFett, /. - abundance. 
 
 9icid)t(JMtt, m.-e3, pl.-tyvtmtt, riches, 
 wealth. 
 
 SWctf r ae(/. ripe, mature. 
 
 Dfetf, m. -e3, pi. -e, ring, circle. 
 
 Oieifje, /. -, pi. -n, row ; turn. 
 
 9kt(jcn, fr. to range. 
 
 9Jein, adj. pure, clean. 
 
 DiCiltigcil, tr. clean, cleanse, purify. 
 
 OJetfC, /. -, pi. -n, journey ; -fait, 
 m. -e3, ^£. -facfe, traveling-bag. 
 
 OiClfeu, intr. to travel ; go to ; m* 
 fen <Sic glutf(id) ! pleasant jour- 
 ney ! 
 
 9leiten, o. c, intr. to ride (on horse- 
 back). 
 
 iRetteret', /. - cavalry. 
 
 ^ettcrtreffen, re. -$, pi. -, cavalry 
 combat. 
 
 ))iei}Clt, tr. to irritate, provoke. 
 
 ffietjcnfr, adj. charming. 
 
 9Jenncn, a., intr. to run. 
 
 Wltft, in. -t$>, pi. -e, rest, remainder. 
 
 Otebofntton', /• - pi. -en, revolution. 
 
 Uiijnit, m. -c$, Rhine ; -foH, m. -c<?, 
 cataract of the Rhine, Rhinefall ; 
 -lanil, re. -e£, pi. -limber, country 
 of the Rhine ; -fh'OItt, m. -&, 
 River Rhine ; — ufct, re. -$, pi. -, 
 bank of the Rhine. 
 
 9ttlf)ten, tr. to direct. 
 
 Slifytcr, m. -3, pi. -, judge. 
 
 9tid)ttg f adj. correct. 
 
 Diiffjtnng, /. - pi. -en, direction. 
 
352 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 9iicd)Clt, o. c, tr. to smell, scent. 
 Ottegcl, to. -$, pi. -, bolt, door-bar. 
 ^tnbfletfdj, n. -««, beef. 
 Oftltfce, /. -, pi. -n, bark, rind. 
 0}tng r TO. -t§, pi. -e, ring, circle. 
 Oitngen, o. c, intr. to struggle. 
 9ltng8, adv. around, in a circle. 
 fitter, to. -3, pi. -, knight. 
 $tttcrfd)aft, /. - knighthood. 
 9litttVtf)Um t n. -eS, knighthood. 
 9tod , to. -eS, ^Z. 9io(fe, coat. 
 9iOfl0Cn r to. -3, rye. 
 9tofle, /. - pi. -n, list ; part. 
 9Jom, ». -$# Rome. 
 9tomon' f to. -e3, ^Z. -e, romance, 
 
 novel. 
 Oloma'ntfdj, «#. Romanian. 
 Sloman'ttfdj, adj. romantic. 
 JRiimcr, to. -a, pi. -, Roman. 
 9iiimifdj, adj. Roman. 
 Wt, f. - pi. -n, rose. 
 8tot{), adj. red. 
 9tuf , to. -e3, ,pZ. -e, fame, reputation. 
 
 9infen, o. c, tr. to call ; $u #nlfe 
 
 — , to call for assistance ; hue ge* 
 
 rufCIt, just in time. 
 M)e, /. -, rest, repose. 
 OiuljCU, intr. to rest, repose. 
 OWg, quiet. 
 Siufjm, to. -e3, reputation, glory, 
 
 fame ; -Doll, glorious, famous. 
 9inf)ntCn, tr. to praise, glorify, cele- 
 brate ; r. to glory, boast. 
 $llljmc§f)atte f /. - Ruhmeshalle 
 
 (hall of glory). 
 9tufjrett, tr. to affect. 
 Otut'nc, /• -, pi', -n, ruins. 
 ^umtt'ntfd), adj. Rumanian, Wala- 
 
 chian. 
 $U!tl>, adj. round ; -BogClt, to. -4, 
 
 pi. -togen, round arch. 
 92ltff C, to. -n, pi. -n, Russian. 
 Ohtfftfd), ad/. Russian. 
 SRitffen, tr. to prepare. 
 9KtfHg r adj. vigorous. 
 Miiftutlfl,/. -, J& -*»* armature. 
 
 & 
 
 Stial, to. -e$,pl. <3cile, room ; saloon ; 
 
 drawing-room. 
 Sttd)e, /. - pi. -n, thing, matter. 
 StiOj ltd), adj. neuter. 
 
 jSadjfe, to. -n, pi. -n, Saxon ; nljers 
 jog, to. -3, j?Z. -goge, duke of the 
 Saxons. 
 
 Sttdjfcn, n. -$, Saxony. 
 
 Siidjftfdj, adj. Saxon. 
 
 Stttf, to. -e3, ^Z. <5&tit, sack ; sack- 
 cloth. 
 
 Sage, /• - ^. -»* saw. 
 
 Sagen, to", to say, tell, speak. 
 
 Salifdjr a #- Salic - 
 
 Salj, w. -es, i*. -<* salt ; -nieber* 
 
 IttgC, /. -, pi- -1L salt-depot.   
 
 Santmet, to. -3, velvet. 
 Sammlung, /. - pi. -en, collection ; 
 
 concentration. 
 Sammtltdj, adj. all together ; all. 
 Sttltt^tttg, TO.-e«, i>Z.-c, Saturday. 
 Sttnotg, ad/", sandy, gravelly. 
 Sttttft, ad/", soft, tender. 
 
 Sang, to. -e*, ^Z. ©ange, song. 
 
 Stinger, to. -3, £>Z. - singer. 
 
 Songerin, /• - pi. -nen, (female) 
 
 singer. [Stephen. 
 
 Sanft, adj. saint ; St. Stefan, St. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 353 
 
 SanSfrit, n. -3, Sanskrit. 
 
 SttrtJi'ntClt, n. -3, Sardinia. 
 
 Sattel, m. -3, ^?Z. (Battel, saddle. 
 
 Sattler> »». -3, pi. - saddler. 
 
 <»afc, ». -e$, ^Z. <3aije, sentence. 
 
 SttUCr, ow#. sour; -ftoff, m. -e3, 
 oxygen. 
 
 Schicrltdj, <M#. sourish. 
 
 Saufen, o. c, tr. to drink. 
 
 Soiilc, / . -, pi. -n, column. 
 
 SaufCll, intr. to rush. 
 
 S^ttar, /. - pi. -en, troop ; band. 
 
 <2d)ttdj, n. -eg, chess. 
 
 SdJttiJClt, *«<r. to injure, scathe. 
 
 <2(f)tt&lidj, at{/'. injurious. 
 
 Sdjdf, n. -e3, _pZ. -e, sheep. 
 
 Scfjaffett, 0. c, tr. to create, produce. 
 
 Sdjttffen, tr. to do, work. 
 
 ©djttle, /. - pi. -it, shell. 
 
 S(f|(lHen, 0. c, z'n/!r. sound, resound. 
 
 3d)iilUCn f r. to be ashamed. 
 
 <£tfjttt'f, ac?/'. sharp ; keen ; acute ; 
 strict. 
 
 @0)attett, m.-i, pi.-, shadow, shade. 
 
 £d)0<L w. -e3, jpZ. ©ct>a^e, treasure ; 
 store. 
 
 @fljd^C!l, tr. to estimate, prize. 
 
 80)ttUf elfiutyl, w.-c$, pl.-ffiWt, rock- 
 ing-chair. 
 
 Sdjattmen, wtfr. foam. 
 
 (^iljcffcf, m. -§, 2>l- ~t bushel. 
 
 Sdjci&Ctt, °- c -> ^ r - divide, separate. 
 
 SdjciltCH, o. c, intr. shine ; seem. 
 
 SdjdlttifttJ, adj. roguish. 
 
 2d; cm a, n. -3, pi. ©edemata, scheme, 
 plan. 
 
 <3dj€tlfcn, tr. to give, present. 
 
 SOjCrcnfO^lctfer, m. -3, .pZ. - scis- 
 sors-grinder. 
 
 Sojerj, m. -e«, ^. -e, jest, joke. 
 
 Sdjcrjen, »«&•• to jest. 
 
 SttjCU, at/;', shy ; bashful. 
 SdjCU, /: -# awe ; aversion. 
 23 
 
 Sojeuttt, tr. to dread, be shy of. 
 
 Sdjeune, /. -,^. -a, barn. 
 
 SttjUfett, fr\ to send ; r. be fit for. 
 Sifjttffttl, ». -c$, jpZ. -e, fate. 
 SdjitDctt, 0. c, Zr. to put into. 
 Stfjicfer, «*. -3, i?Z. -, slate. 
 Soil iff, n. -e$, ^?Z. -e, ship, vessel. 
 
 Sojiffletn, n. -s, |tf. -, little ship. 
 
 Sajtlb, w. -ti, pi. -e and -cr, shield ; 
 
 ttiadjC, /. -, pi. -n, sentinel. 
 Sojlttdjt,/. - pi. -en, battle ; -felfc, 
 
 n. -e£, jt?Z. -er, battle-held. 
 Sdjlttf, m. -e$, sleep ; -Jtmmcr, 
 
 n. -$, jsZ. -, bedroom. 
 Sdjlofett, 0. c, intr. to sleep. 
 2d)la0, m.-t$,pl. <S<$ldge, blow, hit. 
 Sdjldgett, 0. &, tr. to beat ; strike; 
 
 defeat ; slay. 
 
 Sdjlange,/. -»jrf. -n, snake. 
 
 2d)l01tf, ««)'• slender. 
 
 ©ttjlcdjt, ««)'. bad. 
 
 Sdjlctfctt, 0. c, tr. to grind, whet. 
 
 8d)ltmm, *#. sad. 
 
 Sdjttnge, / -, pi -n, knot, loop. 
 
 SdjHttett, w. -3, pJ. -, sled. 
 
 Sdjtofj, ». -e3, ^Z. <Sd)(5ffer, castle, 
 palace. 
 
 ©Ojfunfc, w. -e«, jrf. ©c&Iimbe, gul- 
 let ; chasm. 
 
 Sojlttfe, m. -e3, pi. @d)tuffe, conclu- 
 sion. 
 
 @djlfiffel, vi. -3, ^. -, key. 
 
 Srfjtnadjten, intr. to long for. 
 
 SdjmaWanufOJ, adj. Smalcaldic. 
 
 6d)mctajC^ttft r adj. nattering. 
 
 Sdjmeljen, °- c -> inir - to melt 
 
 Sdjttterj, w. -c«, pi. -en, pain, afflic- 
 tion. 
 Sdjmerjcn, $r. to grieve. 
 S^mcttCVltn9 r 7M.-3,pZ.-e, butterfly. 
 2djmict>, m. -c3, jpZ. -e, smith. 
 SrtjttttefcCCifett, w. -3, wrought iron. 
 Sttjmte&en, <r. to chain. 
 
354 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 <»(fj.miitfen, tr. to adorn. 
 3d)imliel, m. -3, pl. <5&)nabd, beak, 
 
 bill. 
 <3d)nce, m. -3, snow; -latoine,/. - 
 
 pl. -n, avalanche. 
 
 <3d^nettictt r o. c, tr. to cut. 
 
 <3djnetber, ra. -3, 7?Z. - tailor. 
 
 3d)ltcicit, mj?. to snow. 
 
 <3d)ltctt, adj. quick. 
 
 3d)nODC, arf/. offensive ; vile. 
 
 <3d}nMTCn, intr. to rattle. 
 
 3d) OH, aofo. already. 
 
 3(||bn, adj. beautiful. 
 
 <3d)bnl)ett, /• - pl. ~™, beauty. 
 
 3djbjjfCtt, tr. to draw ; scoop. 
 
 <2djbj)fung, /. - pi. -en, creation ; 
 production. 
 
 3rf|orit|d), adj. Scottish, Scotch. 
 
 Sdjrattfe, /".-, pl. -n, barrier, limit. 
 
 3d)icrf, ra. -t$, terror, fright. 
 
 <3djrCtf Clt, l». -5, fright, fear ; -gjeit, 
 /. -, pi. -en, time of terror. 
 
 <3d)rctflilij, adj. terrible. 
 
 <3djrctfm&, n. -e3, jtf. -e, horror. 
 
 3djrcibcn, o. c, £r. to write. 
 
 <3drret&l)Cft, *• _e ^ P l - ~ e ' writing- 
 book. 
 
 <3d)rei&JmJ)icr, n. -t», writing-paper. 
 
 Sdjrcibtifd), m. -e3, pl. -e, writing- 
 desk. 
 
 <3d)rctner, m. -3, pl. -, joiner. 
 
 3djvift, /. -, pl. _ en, writing ; char- 
 acters ; letters ; §CtftgC — , Holy 
 Scriptures ; -fjirttdjc, /. -, pl. -n, 
 written language ; -fktUtt, »». -3, 
 7??. -, author, writer ; -jetdjjen, 
 n. -$, pl. -, character, written 
 character. 
 
 3(f)ritt, ra. -cS, pl. -e, step, pace. 
 
 <3d)roff, adj. steep, precipitous. 
 
 3d)rotett, 0. c, tr. to bruise, crack. 
 
 3d)iil), m.-t3>,pl.-t, shoe; -lltadjer, 
 ra. -3, ^Z. -, shoemaker. 
 
 3djulbifl,, adj. guilty ; indebted. 
 <3d)utt)tgfeit, /. -, duty. 
 Sa^ule, /. -,pl. -n, school. 
 
 3d)Ulcr, ra. -3, ^jZ. -, scholar, pupil. 
 <3d)uleritt r /• - ?*• -nen, (female) 
 
 pupil, scholar. 
 <3d&ulter, /. -, pl. -n, shoulder. 
 <3d)Uttellt, tr. to shake. 
 3djtll;, ra. -e3, protection. 
 3d)ihjC, ra. -n, pl. -n, shooter. 
 3d)iiljCtt, ^r. to guard, defend. 
 3ri)toabcn, ». -6, Swabia. 
 3djtottbifdi, a#. Swabian. 
 3d) to ad), adj. weak. 
 3djtoaflcr, m. -3, j& <Ed)Wdger, 
 
 brother-in-law. 
 <3d)tottnfett f intr. to stagger. 
 Sdjtottrmcnfdj, <w#. enthusiastic. 
 3d)loaVJ, adj. black, swarthy. 
 3djtOCDClt, n. -$, Sweden. 
 Sdjfoe&m, /• -, pl- -nm, Swede; 
 
 Swedish lady. 
 (3d|toe&ifdj, «<#• Swedish. 
 <3djtoetf f ra. -eS, |tf. «*, tail. 
 Sdjtoetg,/.-, Switzerland, Helvetia. 
 3d)tOCr, adj. heavy ; difficult. 
 
 <3djtoere,/. -, weight 
 
 3d)tOCVt, *. -e3, ^?/. -er, sword. 
 <3d)tocficr f /- - pl- -». sister. 
 3d)toicri0, «^/'. difficult. 
 6djtotcrt0fett, / -,1* -en, difficulty. 
 3djtmmmen, 0. c, wdh to swim. 
 3d)!mngc, /. -, pl. -n, wing. 
 
 3d)tobrCH, o. c, £r. swear ; assure. 
 
 3d) to ii(, adj. sultry, sweltry. 
 
 3cotC, in. -n, ;pJ. -n, Scot. 
 
 (3ee, m. -3, pZ. -n, lake. 
 
 <3ce, /. - i?Z. -n, sea ; -6 at), *. -&t 
 
 pl. -Mber, sea-bath. 
 <3celc, /. - pl. -it, soul. 
 Scgeln, *«*r. to sail. 
 
 3c^Ctt, o. c, tr. to see. 
 <3cl)nen, r. to long. 
 
G ERMAX-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 355 
 
 Scljultd], adj. longing, earnest, anx- 
 ious. 
 Seljl*, adv. very, very much. 
 
 Scibc, /. - pi. -«# silk ; -njeug, 
 
 », -co, jrf- _e / silk-stuff. 
 <^Ctlt, «., intr. and aux. to be. 
 
 Setn, feine, fetn, j»m Ins, its. 
 Scinige or Seine, ber, hit, ha§, 
 
 pron. his. 
 
 Sett, prep, since. 
 
 Seitbent', «£&-'. a?id c. since. 
 
 Seite, /. -, pi. -n, side, page. 
 
 Seller, pron. ind. myself; thyself; 
 yourself ; himself, herself, itself ; 
 ourselves ; yourselves ; themselves. 
 
 ScI&Cr, fel&e, fclDCS, adj. the same. 
 
 Scl&ft, ^ro?i. *nd. myself ; thyself ; 
 yourself ; himself, herself, itself ; 
 ourselves ; yourselves ; themselves. 
 
 Si'lOftttUbtfl, adj. self-dependent ; 
 independent. 
 
 Scltett, adj. rare, seldom. 
 
 ScitbClt, a., tr. to send. 
 
 Sejltem'&er, m. -4, pi. -, September. 
 
 Seroifd), adj. Serbian. 
 
 Sermon, m. -3>,pl. -e, sermon. 
 
 Seljcn, <r. to put. 
 
 Sid)» JW0». one's self ; himself, her- 
 self, itself ; themselves ; your- 
 self ; yourselves ; one another, 
 each other. 
 
 Stdjerlidj, adv. certainly. 
 
 SidjCl'H, tr. to secure. 
 
 SiOJt&ar, adj. visible. 
 
 Sie, pron. she, they, you. 
 
 Sic&enge&trge, n. -3, Siebengebirge 
 (seven mountains). 
 
 SicDCltjaljrig, ad/, seven years, seven 
 years old. 
 
 Stcg, m. -e3, _p$. -e, victory. 
 
 Stegct, n. -<&, pi. -, seal. 
 
 Sicgct, m. -3, _pZ. - victor, van- 
 quisher. 
 
 Sil6er, «. -4, silver ; -fatBcit, aa?. 
 silvery ; -gritti, adj. silver green. 
 
 Stngen, o. c, &•. sing. 
 
 Singular', ra. -3, _p/. -e, singular 
 
 number. 
 Sinfen, o. c, intr. to sink. 
 Sinn, m. -Q$, pi. -e, sense, mind ; 
 
 -Mfb, ». -Co, |Wt. -cr, emblem. 
 StttC, /. -, pi. -n, custom. 
 SiljCtt, o. c, intr. to sit. 
 Sfanbintt'OtfOj, adj. Scandinavian. 
 SlaiOC, J». -n, pi. -it, Sclavonian. 
 3lutUt|rij f adj. Sclavonian. 
 SlotOC'llifd), adj. Slovenian. 
 So, adv. and c. so, thus ; -tuoljf 
 
 ... al8 (aud)) r -tooljl ... tote 
 
 owl), as well ... as ; -Dttlb', a^y. 
 soon ; easily ; c. or — fittitl' dt§, as 
 soon as ; -e'Deit, adv. just ; -fort', 
 adv. immediately ; -QCLt', adv. 
 even ; -genonnt, adj. so-called ; 
 - til it', as also. 
 
 Sofjn, in. -c3, pi. (Soljne, son. 
 
 Solfljer, folflJC, folrf)Cg, j!»'tm. such ; 
 folttje, tOClOjC, such as. 
 
 Solbof, m. -en, pi. -en, soldier. 
 
 Solbltcr, m. ~§t pi. - hired soldier. 
 
 Solicit, a., intr. and aux. to be 
 obliged, shall, ought ; to be said, 
 be reported. 
 
 SoiUtner, m>. -4, pi- -, summer ; 
 -IttOtlttt, rn. -ed, pi. -c, summer- 
 month. 
 
 Sonbern, c but. 
 
 Sotlbem, tr. separate, part, disjoin. 
 SonitOficnb, m. -3, pi. -e, Saturday. 
 
 Sonne, /. - pi. -«, sun ; -nfdjein, 
 
 on. -3, sunshine. 
 Sonntog, m. -c$, pi. -e, Sunday. 
 SorUtfdj, adj. Sorbian, High Lusa- 
 
 tian, Wendic. 
 Sotgc, /• -, pi. _ n, care, sorrow. 
 Sorgen, intr. to care, take care of. 
 
356 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 Sorgfttlttg, adj. careful. 
 
 3p(lltf II, tr. to split ; r. to divide. 
 
 SjlOmen, ». -4, Spain. 
 
 3|lil1ticr r l». - 3, p£ -, Spaniard. 
 
 Sjianifdj, adj. Spanish. 
 
 Spanneit, tr. to harness. 
 
 Stiiit, ac(;'. late. 
 
 Sjiajie'rcn or fjiajircn, to walk ; 
 
 — geljen, to take a walk ; — fttljs 
 rcit r to take a ride in the carriage ; 
 
 — rcitC!!, to take a ride on horse- 
 hack. 
 
 Sjiajier'gang, «. -c3, pi. -giinge, 
 
 walk. 
 Stoeife, /. -, pi. -n, food. 
 Sniegef , m. -%, pi. -, looking-glass. 
 Sj>tel, n. -*9, pi. -e, play, game. 
 SjJiclcn, tr. to play. 
 
 Sfnnnen, o. c, tr. to spin. 
 
 Sjii^bogen, »*. *A pi- -Wgen, point- 
 ed arch. 
 
 Sniije, /. -, i?Z. -n, point ; head. 
 
 SflOtten, tttfr. to mock, deride. 
 
 Sjmidje, /. - pi. -n, speech, lan- 
 guage. 
 
 SjiredjCtt, o. c, tr. to speak. 
 
 Sjirengen, intr. to gallop. 
 
 SjirtflJtDOrt, ». -eS, jtf. -ttorter, prov- 
 erb, adage. 
 
 SliringCtl, o. c, intr. jump, spring. 
 
 Sjirtytlt, tr. to inject. 
 
 SjU'iidjtoort, *« -ti,pl. -roorter, prov- 
 erb, adage. 
 
 (Sprung, m. -e3, jtf. ©priinge, spring, 
 leap. 
 
 Sjmrfjunt), m. -e3, ^Z. -e, blood- 
 hound, setter. 
 
 Slant, m. -e$, pJ. -en, state ; -Stoer* 
 brcdjcr, m.-$, />£•-, state criminal. 
 
 StaDt,/- ^. ©tabte, city; -leoen, 
 7i. -5, city-life. 
 
 Stafctd)en, »• "6, J& - market- 
 town, little town. 
 
 Staljl, m. -e$, steel. 
 
 Stajjlern, atfy'. of steel, made of steel. 
 
 Stnmnt, m. -e$, j& ©tcimme, body ; 
 stem ; tribe ; -Dertoanfct, adj. cog- 
 nate ; -tiof tt(, 7i. -e$, jsZ. -e, root- 
 vowel. 
 
 3 to milt CJt, intr. originate, date from. 
 
 Stanfc, m, -e3, pi. ©tcinbe, state, 
 condition ; Jtt -c Drtngen, to ac- 
 complish ; im -e fctn, to be able. 
 
 Stttrf, adj. strong. 
 
 Stttrf e, f. -, strength. 
 
 Statt, /. - place, stead. 
 
 Sttttt, prep, instead of. 
 
 StttUDfttttle, /. - pi. -n, column of 
 vapor. 
 
 StcdjfKcge, /. -, pi. -n, stinging-fly. 
 
 SteflJCn, o. c, tr. to sting. 
 
 StCtfcn, o. c, tr. to put, fix at. 
 
 Stcljen, o. c, intr. to stand. 
 
 Stolen, o. c, tr. to steal. 
 
 Stcif, adj. stiff. 
 
 Steif, adj. steep. 
 
 StCtn, m. -e$, pi. -e, stone ; - ttrtifl, 
 adj. stonelike ; -Dttttf, /. -, pi. 
 -fcanfe, smooth rock ; -foljle, /. -, 
 pi. -n, stone-coal. 
 
 Stetnern, adj. of stone. 
 
 Stetntg, adj. stone. 
 StcflC, /. ~, pi. -n, place ; point. 
 Stefilett, tr. to put, place. 
 Stettentuetfe, adv. here and there ; 
 
 in some places. 
 SteHung, /. -, pi. -en, situation, 
 
 position. 
 SteJlflttnSftrdjC, /. - St. Stephen's 
 
 church. 
 SterO en, o. c, intr. to die. 
 Sternltdj, adj. mortal. 
 Stern, m. -e$, pi. -e, star. 
 Stet0, adv. always. 
 Stiebcn, o. c, intr. rise ; fly about. 
 Sticfel, m. -3, pi. -, boot. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 357 
 
 Stter, m. -c3, pi. -e, bull. 
 
 Stiff, adj. still, silent ; -f Ojnmgettb, 
 ac?/. silent. 
 
 Stiffen, *r. to still, quiet. 
 
 Stimme, /. - pi. -», voice. 
 
 Stimmuug, /. -, pi. -en, frame of 
 mind, disposition, humor. 
 
 Stuff, m. -t$, pi. -e, subject, mate- 
 rial, stuff. 
 
 Stolj, adj. proud, haughty. 
 
 Stordj, m. -€$, pi. ©tord&e, stork. 
 
 StO^Clt, o. c, tr. to push ; strike. 
 
 Strafjl, m. -tt, pi. -en, beam, ray ; 
 flash of lightning. 
 
 Strafyleit, intr. to radiate. 
 
 Strttjje, /• - pi- ~n, street, way. 
 
 Strattf}, ». -e$, i^- ©traujjc, bou- 
 quet. 
 
 Stretfcn, <f. to stretch. 
 
 Streuj}, adj. severe, strong. 
 
 Streuen, *r. to strew. 
 
 Strttfcn, *r. to knit. 
 
 Stroljfyut, »». -^1 i^- -ptc, straw- 
 hat. 
 
 Strom, w. -e3, jtf. ©trome, stream ; 
 large river ; -getoOtfjg, w. -c3, j& 
 -e, river-plant; -maffC,/. - #J. -n, 
 stream ; -fdjneffen, pi. rapids. 
 
 Strbtnung,/. - pi. -en, stream ; cur- 
 rent. 
 
 Stube,/. - j»J. -n, room. 
 
 Stiltf, ». -c$, i>?. -e, piece. 
 
 Stubi'ren, *r. to study. 
 
 Stubium, n. -3, ^. (Stubten, study, 
 literary pursuit. 
 
 Stuljf, m. -tt, pi. <3tu$le, chair. 
 
 StUUtUt, adj. dumb, mute, silent. 
 
 Stutttjlf, a#. blunt, dull. 
 
 2 tun be, /. -, pi. -n, hour ; league. 
 
 Sturm, m. -e$, ^?Z. ©turme, storm ; 
 tempest ; -hltub, tempest ; hurri- 
 cane. 
 
 Sturj, m. -e$, pi. ©tiirge, violent 
 fall ; plunge. 
 
 StiirjCU, tr. to throw, rush. 
 
 Stih/CU, tr. to support, rest, sustain. 
 
 Subjecf or Subjeft', n. -e$,^. -c, 
 
 subject. 
 Subfttttttib, n. -§, pi. -e, noun, 
 
 substantive. 
 SubfittUtt'bifdj, adj. substantive. 
 Sutfjett, tr. to seek, look for. 
 Sift, m. -e8, south ; -amcrtftt, n. 
 
 -3, South America ; -frttttfrcid), 
 
 n.. -3, Southern France ; -tucft s 
 
 lidj, an$. southwest. 
 
 Siiben, w. -$, south. 
 Sltm^jf, w. -c3, ^Z. ©untyfe, swamp. 
 Sumjlftfl, a<#. marshy. 
 Siinbc, /• -, pi. -n, sin. 
 Sunbfjttft, adj. sinful. 
 Sttjiertttttto', m. -$, pi. -e, superla- 
 tive. 
 St)UtttC'ttfd), adj. syntactical. 
 
 £abcl, m. -#, blame ; reproach. 
 Xitbeln, tr. to blame, censure. 
 2tt0, to. -e$, j& -e, day ; -0 tJOr^Cr, 
 
 the day before. 
 SttfleStttttge, /• -, pi- -n, length of 
 
 the day. 
 
 Stolid), adj. daily. 
 
 Xantlt,/. -, pi. -", fir-tree ; Ufottlb, 
 
 m. -e$, ^?Z. ~tt>alber, pine-forest. 
 2ttUtc, /. -, pi. -n, aunt. 
 Stopfer, adj. valiant, brave. 
 Sttjlfcrf tit, f- - valor, courage. 
 
358 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 Sorjiejifdj, adj. Tarpejan. 
 
 £ofdje,/. -,pl.-n, pocket ; -nuudj, 
 
 n. -c3, pi. -bitdjer, pocket-book ; 
 -nmeff Cf, n. -$,pl. -, pocket-knife ; 
 -nuljr, /. - pi. -en, watch. 
 $a$e, /. - pi. -n, paw. 
 
 SttUfe, adj. deaf ; -jiumttt, adj. deaf 
 and dumb ; -fhttltm? , tn. and f. 
 the deaf and dumb. 
 
 JaurfjCU, intr. to dive, duck. 
 
 2au d)tr r m. -$, pi. -, diver. 
 
 Sautltcl, m. -*, ecstasy. 
 
 £aufenbf(pn, ™- ?*» jtf. -e, pansy. 
 
 TcjUHd), m. -3, pi. -e, carpet. 
 ^CUfcl^mttUCr, /. - devil's wall. 
 ^CUtO'nC, m. -n, pi. -n, Teuton. 
 £()af, n. -rt, ^?Z. Scaler, valley, dale. 
 Settler, m. -3, ^ . - # dollar. 
 2fjat, /. -, J& -en, deed, act, action ; 
 
 in fcer — , indeed. 
 %f)ta'ttt, m. -i, pi. -, theatre. 
 Sgce, w. -3, jj/. -, tea. 
 £l)eU, m. and ». -e3, ^?. -e, part, 
 
 share ; JU — foerfcen, to fall to 
 
 one's lot or share ; -naljltte, /• - 
 
 participation. 
 
 $ljei(en, tr. to divide. 
 
 XijtiH, adv. i)artly, in part. 
 Sfjeo'fcoridj, m. -3, Theodoric. 
 Xt)tOXit' f f. - pi. -n, theory. 
 Shelter, adj. dear. 
 Sfjter, w. -e3, ^Z. -e, animal, deer. 
 £jjor, w. -en, ^jZ. -en, fool. 
 £{jor, ft. -e3, i?Z. -e, door, gate. 
 Sfjrajten, »• -*» Thracia. 
 £{jron, m. -e«, pJ. -e, throne. 
 SfjlM, a., tr. to do, perform, make. 
 
 Sljiire, /. -, j>J. -». door. 
 SJjurtnger, «# Thuringian. 
 2f)Urm, m. -e$, j?7. £tyurme, tower. 
 2icf f «#. deep. 
 
 ^igct, W. -3, jrf. -, tiger ; -tfjier, 
 n. -c«, pZ. -e» tiger. 
 
 2int£,/. -,y. -n, ink ; -ttfttfj, n. -t$, 
 
 pi. -faffer, inkstand. 
 £tfdj, m,. -e$, pi. -e, table. 
 ^ifdjlff, m.-§, pi.-, cabinet-maker. 
 Xittt, m. -3, pi. -, title. 
 £o&Ctt, intr. to rage. 
 XofyttX,/. -,pl- Softer, daughter. 
 Uofc, m. -t§, pi. -e, death. 
 £oMc, w. a»d /. dead or deceased 
 
 person, 
 ^illicit, intr. sound. 
 Uriige, adj. lazy, idle, indolent. 
 Xtogcit, o. c, tr. bear, carry, wear. 
 £rOUClt, intr. to trust. 
 2raUCW, intr. to mourn. 
 2raU!tt, m. -t$, pi. Sraunte, dream. 
 ^rcffett, o. c, tr. hit ; strike ; meet. 
 UrctbCtt, o. c, tr. to-drive ; chase. 
 2rci6cn, n. -3, driving, bustle. 
 ^rCttltaar, adj. separable. 
 Xxcppt, f. -, pl.—n, stairs ; flight of 
 
 stairs. 
 Xxttttl, o. c, intr. to enter. 
 XxtU, adj. faithful. 
 XttUt, f. -, fidelity, honesty. 
 Xxibuf, m. -cS, pi. -e, tribute. 
 Srtltfen, o. c, tr. to drink. 
 
 Xv'mmpWtov, m. -$, pi. -en, tri- 
 
 umpher. 
 
 StotfCtt, adj. dry. 
 
 Xttify, prep, in spite of. 
 
 XrutWlt, *»• -e*,l^ -^ne, turkey. 
 
 2ltdj, ». -e'3,^. Sii^er, cloth. 
 
 2«d)ti0, «^'- capable. 
 
 ^ii^ttgfcit, /• - ability, qualifica- 
 tion. 
 
 2U0enfc, /• - pi- HW, virtue. 
 
 Sutye,/. -,*>Z. -n, tulip. 
 
 funnel, m. -$, J& - tunnel. 
 Citric, m. -n, i?Z. -«, Turk. 
 XuxUUauU, /■ - ^- ~ n ' turtle ' 
 
 dove. 
 2t)ranttCi' f /• - pi. -*«# tyranny. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 359 
 
 n. 
 
 tteBef, adj. evil, bad, amiss. 
 
 Xlchtr, prep, for; over; at; of; on; 
 across ; by ; concerning. 
 
 lUBcroU', adv. everywhere. 
 
 UcberbHlf en, tr. to glance at. 
 
 !teDerbriifftJl, adj. disgusted. 
 
 Ite6em'fang, /. - pi. -en, precipita- 
 tion. 
 
 Ueberflufftg,arf?\superfluous,useless. 
 
 UCDCrfu^'rcn, tr. to convict. 
 
 llc&crgabc, /. - pi. -it, surrender. 
 
 UcBergC^f It, to pass over ; to desert. 
 
 Ucbcrljattjjt , altogether. 
 
 Itcberlc'gcit, tr. to reflect upon, con- 
 sider. 
 
 UcOCrmon'nCIt, tr. to ovennatch. 
 
 tlebermorgcit, adv. day after to- 
 morrow. 
 
 Ueoermiltfjig, adj. supercilious. 
 
 Uc6eritttl^'ten, intr. pass the night. 
 
 Uebc rra'fdjung, /. -,pl. -en, surprise. 
 
 UcBerrcff, m. -t$, pi. -e, remnant, 
 remainder. 
 
 Ucocrrorf, m. -e$, pi. -rotfe, overcoat. 
 
 Uc6erfC^'ctl f tr. to translate. 
 
 UCDCrfefc'ung, /. - pi. -en, trans- 
 lation. 
 
 tteberftajt,/. -, view, sight. 
 Uebcrtra'gung, /. - pi. -en, trans 
 
 lating. 
 
 Ucbertrcf'fen, o. c, tr. to surpass, 
 
 excel. 
 Ufbcrtnin'feftt, o. c, tr. overcome. 
 UcbcrjCll'gcn, tr. to convince. 
 llfblid), adj. usual, customary. 
 Ucbrig, adj. remaining, other. 
 UcblUtg, /. - pi. -en, practice. 
 Ufcr, n. -3, pi. -, shore, bank. 
 Ukr /. -, pi- -en, watch ; -inildjer, 
 
 m. *-3, pi. -, watch-maker. 
 
 Uttt, prep, about ; around ; at ; for ; 
 — JU, in order to, to. 
 
 llmbtldett, r. alter, change ; reform. 
 
 Umfcf'fen, tr. to embrace, comprise. 
 
 ttntcjang, m. -e3, intercourse; com- 
 pany. 
 
 ttlttgr'&e!!, o. c, tr. to surround. 
 
 Umge'ljeit, o. c, tr. go around. 
 
 Uttl^Cr'trttgcit, o. c, tr. carry about. 
 
 ttmfeljrett, intr. turn back, return. 
 
 Ulttfommen, o. c, intr. to perish. 
 
 Umlaut, m. -e$, pi. -e, umlaut. 
 
 Umlautgfii&tflr adj. capable of the 
 umlaut. 
 
 Utttfttjtttg, r.%. -ii,pl. -fc&lage, cover. 
 
 IttttfdjitC ftCU, o. c, tr. to inclose, em- 
 brace. 
 
 Umfftjtolir'men, tr. to float around. 
 
 Utttfeljeit, o. c, r. look about. 
 
 Umtualjung,/. - pi. -en, revolution. 
 
 Uiinngrncfym, adj. unpleasant, dis- 
 agreeable. 
 
 Ultlcfccutcilt), adj. unimportant, 
 trifling. 
 
 Ultbc&tngt, adj. unconditional, ab- 
 solute. 
 
 Unbefattut, adj. unknown. 
 
 HnbCQUCttt, adj. inconvenient. 
 
 Unbcfitmint, adj. indefinite. 
 
 MubcnicgUii), adj. immovable. 
 UnbiHtg, adj. unjust. 
 Hltb, c. and. 
 
 Itnetngebenf, adj. unmindful, re- 
 gardless. 
 UncitiJ'ItOj, adj. infinite. 
 lluentbcfjrliri), adj. indis])ensable. 
 Unci'UluDlil), adj. indefatigable. 
 UncrfdjOjlfUdj, adj. inexhaustible. 
 Uncrtviiglia), adj. intolerable. 
 llltfa^tg, adj. unable, incapable. 
 
300 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOC VBULARY. 
 
 ttttfiOm, n. -*, Hungary. 
 
 ttltficndl ttt, prep, in spite of, not- 
 withstanding. 
 
 Unncblcidjt, adj. unbleached, not 
 bleached. 
 
 Ungrfaljr, adv. about. 
 
 Unncljcncr, adj. enormous, 
 
 UltflCftcucr, a. -*, pL ~, monster. 
 
 Unacmiffljt, adj. unmixed. 
 
 tlnncrn, adv. unwillingly, 
 
 Hnacjtino, adj. unhealthy. 
 
 Unprtooljnt, adj. uiiaceustomed. 
 
 llunlitif, a. -t$, misfortune, 
 
 UttfllUlfltdi, adj. unlucky, unhappy, 
 unfortunate. 
 
 tlnbeilifl, unholy, profane, 
 
 llnlKimlirf), adj. dismal. 
 
 tlnljoflidi, adj. impolite, 
 
 UnitJClfltOt', /.- pL -C", university. 
 
 Unmadjt, /. - powerlessness, 
 
 Unmafeiafcit,/. - inteBepersaee, ex- 
 travagance, 
 
 Unmittrlbor, adj immediate. 
 
 Unmbfllid), adj. impossible. 
 
 Unlicrfbnlid), ( ' (, J- unperaonal 
 
 Unrtitli. m. -e*, trash. 
 
 llnrcdjt, adj. wrong, improper. 
 
 Unrcaclmti^ig, adj. irregular, ano- 
 malous. 
 
 Itiuuljin, *#■ unquiet. 
 Ull, jmm. us. 
 
 Unfda lid), adj. inexpressible, 
 Unfdjiifebar, adj. inestimable, price- 
 less. 
 
 Unf^cin&ar, adj. simple, plain look- 
 ing, insignificant. 
 
 Ullfdjulfcifl, adj, innocent. 
 
 Unfcr, unferc, unfer, pro* our. 
 Unfcrcr, unferc, unfere*, or bcr, 
 Die, bo$ Unferc or Unfriac, pram. 
 
 ours. 
 Unflcrb'lirf), adj. immortal. 
 
 Unficrblidjf tit, /. -, immortality. 
 
 Unflrcttffl, adj. indisputable. 
 Hitter, prep, under ; below ; among. 
 
 Untcr&rutf'cn, tr. to suppress. 
 Untevbrutfunn, /. -, suppression, 
 
 oppression. 
 
 Unteiaana, m. -es, ruin. 
 
 Utttcrnra'Ocn, o. c, tr. undermine. 
 Untcrljalb, prep, below. 
 UiitciiiOifd), adj. subterranean, un- 
 derground. 
 UnhTlif'nm, o. c, intr. to succumb. 
 Unttroro'ncn, tr. to subordinate. 
 Unterrtdjt, i* -ca, instruction. 
 Untcrfdici'Dcn, o. c, r. to differ, 
 lllltcrfdjicb, »i. -e«, pi. -e, difference. 
 Xlittcrftu^'en, tr, to support. ^ 
 UntCrh)CQ§', adv. on the way. 
 UntrClinbor, adj. inseparable. 
 
 llntrcu, adj. unfaithful, perfidious, 
 Unubcrtroffen, adj. unsurpassed. 
 UnubcrhJinbliajfcit, / - invinci- 
 
 bility. 
 UnUcranbcrt, adj. unchanged. 
 Untocraanalid), adj. imperishable. 
 
 UnbCrfle&UrtJ, adj. memorable, last- 
 ing. 
 
 Unt)Crbol)Ien, adj. not concealed. 
 
 UnhianrfdjcinU^, adj. improbable. 
 
 Unrocit, prep, not far from. 
 
 Unrorfcn, n. -$, disorder, nuisance ; 
 mischief, disturbance. 
 
 UnrotUfomnten, adj. unwelcome. 
 | Untmf'fufjrUd), adj. involuntary. 
 
 nn$ttf|lin f adj. innumerable. 
 
 Unjufrieocn, adj. discontented. 
 , Unjnictfc^aft, adj. undoubted, 
 
 doubtless. 
 | ttraljnc, /. -, pi- -*» great-grand- 
 mother. 
 
 Urfodje, / -, pi- -"' eauee. 
 
 UrfftrUfloUdj, «# original. 
 Urtljcil, n- "*» P L "*» opinion, judg- 
 ment. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 
 
 361 
 
 & 
 
 $Cltf r, m. -3, pi. 3Satcr, father. 
 
 ^atf rlQIti), ft. -t0, native country ; 
 fatherland. 
 
 ©eradj'ten, <r. to scorn, contemn. 
 
 $Crad)'tUttg, /. - contempt, dis- 
 dain. 
 
 $cran'bcrn, tr. to change. 
 
 JBerati'licritng, /. - pi. -en, change. 
 
 SBcrb r n. -3, pi. -en, verb. 
 
 $erbCV'flCtt, o. c, tr. to conceal. 
 
 $crbeu ftcn, r. to bow 
 
 SBcrbtttDCtt, If. to bind, connect, 
 combine. 
 
 SBcrbtll'bUltg, /. - pi- -en, combina- 
 tion, connection ; - gtBOVt, n. -c$, 
 2)1. -ttorter, conjunction. 
 
 $er5re'd|f It, * -3, v l. -, crime. 
 
 $crbrc'd)Cr r !». -3, jt>Z. - criminal. 
 
 $erbrcifcn, «r. to spread. 
 
 $krbrtlt'flett, o. c, £r. to spend, pass 
 
 away. 
 
 SBcrbiiitbeit, tr. to ally. 
 JBcrbiilt'bct, adj. allied, confederate. 
 &uTfciid|''tiji, adj. suspicious. 
 
 SBerban'fen, tr. to owe. 
 
 ^CriJtC'nCII, fr. to deserve. 
 Serfcieitfi', *». -e<3, Jrf. -e, merit. 
 JBcrdron'oen, <r. to drive away. 
 SBerfcrilfj', m. -e3, anger, spite. 
 
 Sereft'ren, «r; to honor. 
 SCcretnigcn, fr*. to unite. 
 
 SBcrfa^'rClt, o. ft, tr. to conduct. 
 
 SKcrfof'fcr, flfc -$, pi -, author, com- 
 piler. 
 
 $erfer'tt0Ctl f tr. to make, manufac- 
 ture. 
 
 SBcrge'bClt, 0. ft, tr. to forgive. 
 
 $erj}Cb'Ud), <k#. ineffectual. 
 
 $Cr0CftCtt, o. c, to to repay. 
 
 ©CfflCffCtt, o. ft, tr. to forget. 
 
 Scroi^lltCtllltt^t, ft. -3, !&*■*, forget- 
 me-not. 
 
 ^crfllct'djctt, 0. ft, £r. to compare ; 
 liken. 
 
 ©Crttlct'djttltg,/. - j^. -en, compari- 
 son. 
 
 $Crgttii'jJCtt, ft. -3, pi. -, pleasure, 
 
 j°y- 
 
 Skrgtttiflt', adj. pleased; comfort- 
 able. 
 
 $Cr0ttu'gtt!t0, /• ~, pi. -Ctt, amuse 
 ment. 
 
 ICcrgra'bctl, o. ft, tr. to bury. 
 
 $crfjaf felt, tr. to arrest. 
 
 ©CrfjOlt'tttfe, ft. -e3. pi. -c, relation ; 
 -tuort, n. -e3, #Z. -TOorter, prepo- 
 sition. 
 
 SBcrljottfl'm&bou', adj. fatal. 
 
 $Cfljaj)t', adj. hated. 
 
 $erljee'rcit, to to devastate. 
 
 $erl)Ct'fjClt, o. c, to to promise. 
 
 $crljttt'&Crtt, tr. to prevent. 
 
 $Crftltt'fCll, tr. to sell. 
 
 SBcrfcljr', Jft. -e$, intercourse, com- 
 munication. 
 
 JBcrfttor'jeit, tr. to spoil. 
 
 !Ccrfnu|)'fen, tr. to Connect, unite. 
 ©crfan'gen, to to demand. 
 ©Crlttf'fCtt, o. c, to to leave ; r. ftdf 
 
 auf (gtneit bcrfaftett, to depend 
 
 upon one. 
 SerlttUg'tteit, to to deny. 
 95crIc'OCIt, tr. to mislay. 
 Scrlet'ljeit, o. ft, to to give, bestow 
 
 upon. 
 $erlicbt, adj. in love ; amorous. 
 $crltc'reit, o. ft, tr. to lose. 
 SScrtncfj'rCtl, to to increase. 
 SScrtttCf'fetl, o. c, tr. to measure ; 
 
 survey. 
 
362 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 $Bermtt'teI8 or bcnmftelff, prep. 
 
 by means of. 
 SScrmb'ge, prep, by virtue of. 
 SSertno'gen, a., tr. to be able ; to 
 
 have influence. 
 
 S3ertnu'tlmn0 r /. - pi- -f* supposi- 
 tion. 
 SBernuttyiaffigcn, tr. to neglect. 
 SSernei'nung,/. -,pl- -en, negation. 
 
 SStrnidl'ten, <r. to annihilate, destroy. 
 SSemi^'tUttg, /. -, destruction, an- 
 nihilation. 
 SBemunftig, adj. reasonable. 
 
 JBeroffentlidien, tr. to publish. 
 JBerJifUayten, tr. to oblige. 
 
 SBerratlj', w. -c$, treason. 
 
 58crro't^Cll f o. c, tr. to betray. 
 
 fStrxd'tytr, m. -3, joZ. -, traitor. 
 
 SBcrrei'fcn, *i*r. to travel. 
 
 akrg, m. -e3, pZ. -e, verse. 
 
 SSerfa'gCtt, ir. to refuse, deny. 
 
 SBcrfaf JCTt, tr. to oversalt. 
 
 $erfd)affett f tr. to procure ; r. to 
 obtain. 
 
 $erfdjett'fen, to to give away. 
 
 SBcrfdjie'&ett, adj. different ; several. 
 
 JBcrf^ic'bCtt^eit,/. ~pl- -«l, differ- 
 ence. 
 
 $erfd)lte'&en, o. c, tr. to lock. 
 SBerfdjlin'ouno,, /. - pi- -en, entwin- 
 ing. 
 
 Scrf^intt^'ten, intr. to perish. 
 
 Serfdinbr'feln, «r. to garnish. 
 
 JBcrf^totn'lien, o. c, intr. to dis- 
 appear. 
 
 Serfe'^eit, o. c, to\ to provide. 
 
 $erfelj ten, tr. to damage, injure. 
 
 JBerfefc'Ctt, tr. to fetch, deal a blow. 
 
 $erf)Jre'd)ett, o. c, *r. to promise. 
 
 JBcr^rc'^cn, ». -3, promise. 
 
 JBerflttn'big, adj. intelligent, wise. 
 
 SBerfian&nife, ». -es, irf. -e, intelli- 
 gence, understanding. 
 
 SBcrfic'^Ctt, o. c, 6\ to under- 
 stand. 
 
 $Crfudj', m. -e3, #J. -e, attempt. 
 
 JBcrfu'djCtl, &•• to try, attempt. 
 
 95crt^Ct'bi0Cn f tr. to defend. 
 
 Scrt^et'lltgung, /. - defence. 
 
 Sertre'teit, o. c, tr. to represent ; 
 fine S telle — , to represent. 
 
 Seruffo^en, ft*, to cause. 
 
 SJemr't^cilen, tr. to condemn, sen- 
 tence. 
 
 JBertoan'toeln, to*, to change. 
 
 Scrtoantit', adj. related, kindred. 
 j JBerniOHj) te, m. andf. relation. 
 
 I $ertoei'a,ew, tr. to refuse. 
 I SSertoet'len, intr. to stay. 
 
 j SertMff'elt, adj. involved. 
 
 Skrnucflnng, /. -, pi- -en, complica- 
 tion. 
 ScrhJtr'ren, tr. to perplex. 
 
 SerhJUf'ten, tr. to lay waste. 
 SSerjau'&ern, tr. to enchant. 
 Serjelj'ren, tr. to consume ; spend. 
 
 SBerjer'rung, /• -# ^- " en , grimace. 
 
 SSefUfe', m. -ed, Mount Vesuvius. 
 
 Setter, m. -3, j?J. ~, cousin. 
 
 $iel), ». -eS, i>J. -e, cattle ; -\$xi&* 
 let, m. -«, ^. -, drover. 
 
 S5iel, <k#. much, many ; feljr — , 
 very much ; -nntfttffenb, compre- 
 hensive, much containing. 
 
 SBieHeidjtf r a dv - pe**ps. 
 
 Ster, four ; -erf, n. -rt,pl. -e, square, 
 quadrangle ; -\&§,adj. fourfold ; 
 quadruple. 
 
 $00,ei, vi. -d, pi. SWarf, bird, fowl. 
 
 JBogletn, w. -*, P z - - little bird - 
 
 SBolf, ». -e^» P z - Golfer, people, na- 
 tion ; -Sfbrjier, m. -a, />/. -, body 
 
 of nations ; -^religion, /. ~,pl- "**t 
 religion of the people. 
 
 SBolferfamtlie, /. - ^. -n, family 
 
 of nations. 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 363 
 
 SSblferfiamm, m. -e3, pi. -flamme, 
 body or race of nations. 
 
 83bKertoanberung, /. -, pi. -en, mi- 
 gration of nations. 
 
 %$oU, adj. full, complete. 
 
 SoKcn'fcen, tr. to complete, finish, 
 accomplish. 
 
 $Bbtftg, adj. full, entire, complete. 
 
 SoHfoitt'men, a<#. perfect, com- 
 plete. 
 
 BoUUm'mentyit, perfection. 
 
 &*uftft(illbi(t, adj. entire, complete. 
 
 SBottt, contraction of bon beitt (24.2.). 
 
 JBoil, j>rep. of; from ; by ; on ; to ; 
 — jefjcr, always ; from the earliest 
 period. 
 
 SBor, prep, before ; for ; ago ; from ; 
 of ; with ; through. 
 
 ^Boran'geljett, o. c, intr. to precede. 
 
 Soran'fieljen, o. c, intr. to be promi- 
 nent. 
 
 Soran'fJeffcn, tr. to put before. 
 
 Sorbet', adv. past. 
 
 SBotbcretten, *r. to prepare. 
 
 $flrerji', a«fo. first. 
 
 SorgC^en, 0. c, intr. to happen, 
 come to pass. 
 
 $Orgeftf)td)tltd), adj. prehistoric. 
 
 $l>OVi]Cftcnt, adv. day before yester- 
 day. 
 
 ©Orjjttn'bCIt fettt, to exist. 
 
 SSorljer', adv. before ; previously. 
 
 $ut*ig, adj. past ; last ; former. 
 
 SorfommClt, o. c, intr. to happen, 
 occur ; seem, appear. 
 
 Sorntittag, m. -eS, pi. -e, forenoon. 
 
 Sorriit^ig, adj. stored up. 
 
 $0rS, contraction ofbOX DQ0 (24. 2.). 
 
 $orftdjtSma|rea,cl, /. - pi. -n, pre- 
 cautionary measure. 
 
 $orftlbe,/.~,^.-n, prefix. 
 
 $OtfJirung, m. -e$,i?Z. -fpriinge, prom- 
 inence ; projection. 
 
 SortttUdjettb, adj. projecting. 
 
 Sortrag, m. -e$, ^. -trage, delivery, 
 discourse. 
 
 $ortreffli!i}, a#. excellent. 
 
 ^utteiirtJ, <wfo. forward. 
 
 SB. 
 
 SBodjett, wtfr. to watch, guard ; be 
 awake. 
 
 SSattjfttltt, adj. watchful. 
 
 S$ad)fcn, o. c, intr. to grow, in- 
 crease, wax. 
 
 SBadjgtljum, ». -e$, growth, 
 t, /. - i?£. -en, watch. 
 '» /• ■*# pi- ~ en » weapon. 
 
 SBttffCtttljat, /. -, pi. -en, warlike 
 deed. 
 
 SSngeit, tr. to venture, risk, wage. 
 
 SBttgCtt, m. -3, i^. -, wagon, car- 
 riage. 
 
 SSafjfoertoattbtfdjaft, /. - pi. -en, 
 
 affinity. 
 SBitfjtCtt, tr. to elect. 
 SBttljr, adj. true. 
 SSd^rcub, ^rep. during; c. while, 
 
 whilst. 
 
 2Boljr{}ett, /. - pi. -en, truth. 
 
 SBaljrfdjemliif}, ad J- probable. 
 
 2Btttfc r /• - pi -n, orphan. 
 
 98 a lb, m. -e3, jtf. SBatber, forest ; 
 woods ; -boum, m. -e<3, jt?Z. -fcaume, 
 forest-tree ; -ebeilC, /. -, pi. -% 
 wooded plains. 
 
364 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 SBoIcS, n. -, Wales. 
 SBafa'djtfdj, adj. Walachian. 
 SSttflctl, intr. to wander, walk, 
 travel. 
 
 2Biil$en, tr. to roll. 
 2BnnD,/. -»j* Sftutbt, wall. 
 SBttnn ? ado. when ? 
 SSaWt, adj. warm. 
 SBomung,/. -vj* -en, warning. 
 
 SBarten, w/r. to wait. 
 SSarunt' ? oAr. why ? 
 2Ba8 ? pn»; what ? — fur tin ? 
 
 fine ? Ctn ? what kind of ? what ? 
 
 3Bafd)cn, °- c -> * r - to wasn - 
 
 SBafdjftOU, /. - pi- -™, washer- 
 woman. 
 
 SSttffcr, n. -4, pi. ~, water ; -ftcrg, 
 A. -e3, pi. -e, mountain of water ; 
 -fcidjt, «&*« water-tight ; water- 
 proof ; -faH, m. -c3, pi. -fatte, 
 cataract ; waterfall ; -tttftffe, /. -, 
 pi. -n, body of water ; -fioff, m. 
 -c$, hydrogen gas. 
 
 SBedjfel, m. -$, pi. -, change. 
 
 SBebet . . . nod), c. neither . . . nor. 
 
 2Beg r w. -e£, pi. -e, way, road ; 
 path. 
 
 3Bcn,C1t, prep, on account of. 
 
 SSe.qloffcn, o. c, tr. to omit, leave 
 out. 
 
 28cf)!(}nn, a., intr. to hurt, offend. 
 
 SScftcn, intr. to blow. 
 
 SBetD,/. -c^,i^. -er, woman, wife. 
 
 SBctbltflj, «<:(/. feminine, female. 
 
 SBetd), adj. soft, tender, weak; lim- 
 ber. 
 
 SBcidjen, o. c, intr. to give way, 
 yield. 
 
 mitytlf. -, Vistula. 
 
 2Bct()Cr, m. -$, pi. -, fish-pond. 
 
 SBctf, c. because, since. 
 
 SSetlen, fctfr. to stay, tarry, abide. 
 
 38cm, rn. -e$, pi. -e, wine. 
 
 SBcifC, /. - pi. -n, mode, manner, 
 
 way ; mood. 
 SScifc, «<#. wise. 
 SSctff , m. sage, wise man. 
 2Bct$(jcit, /• -, wisdom. 
 ;jj, «/#. white. 
 /. - whiteness. 
 SScipCItburO, ». -£, Weissenburg. 
 SBei^cnBurgcr, adj. of Weissenburg. 
 SBctt, adj. far ; large. 
 SBct^Cn, m. -$, wheat. 
 
 SBcIojcr? twelve ? meldieg? jwoti. 
 
 who ? which ? that ? some, any. 
 
 SScttc,/. -,^. -n, billow. 
 
 SBelftfjfoW, w. -c3, Indian corn. 
 
 SBcIt,/. -#j^« ~ en / world ; -oil, n. -3, 
 universe; -DCrttfjmt, «<(/. far- 
 famed ; -Oiirgerlirf), ad J- cosmo- 
 politan ; -|errfd)aft, /. -, domin- 
 ion of the world ; -ntCCt, *. -c3, 
 2?Z. -c, ocean ; -tDCtfC, w. philos- 
 opher. 
 
 SScnDCn, a,., tr. and r. to turn. 
 
 SScntg, adj. little, few. 
 
 SBCtttgflcng, adv. at least. 
 
 SBenn, c. when, if; — OUrfj, al- 
 though ; -glcid^, even, if. 
 
 SBcr ? jprott. who ? 
 
 SScrbcn, a,., intr. to become, grow, 
 get ; aux. to be ; shall ; will. 
 
 SScrfcn, o. C, £r. to throw, cast. 
 
 SBerf , *• "■*$> i^- -e ' action j work. 
 
 SSertl), «#• worth ; worthy ; dear. 
 
 SBertl), m. -t$, worth, value. 
 
 Scrt^tJOK, adj. valuable. 
 
 SScfcn, n. -3, pi. -, being. 
 
 SSefCtttlidj, adj. essential ; tin -en, 
 essentially. 
 
 SBc^ttlfi ? or SBcPalfi ? «&>• where- 
 fore ? 
 
 \, m. -e3, p£. -e» west ; west- 
 wind ; -franfen, n. -$, Western 
 
GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 365 
 
 Franconia ; -frttttftfdj, adj. relat- 
 ing to Western Franconia; -go? 
 tljenrcidj, n. -eS, Visigothic king- 
 dom ; -ramifd}, adj. Western Eo- 
 man. 
 
 SBefie, /. - pi. -n, vest. 
 
 SBcften, m. -3, west. 
 
 SBefUtdj, adj. western, westerly. 
 
 SBcfJfttttfdj, adj. Westphalian. 
 
 SBcttC, /. - pi. -n, contention, emu- 
 lation ; Ultt hit — , in emula- 
 tion. 
 
 SSctttr, n. -§, pi. -, weather ; storm, 
 tempest. 
 
 28tdjtt0, adj. weighty ; important ; 
 of consequence. 
 
 SSiber, prep, against. 
 
 SBtbcvftdttb, m. -e3, resistance, oppo- 
 sition. 
 
 SBiuCrttlittf , m. -n, repugnance, aver- 
 sion. 
 
 SStftrtg, adj. repulsive ; repugnant. 
 
 UBte ? adv. how ? c. as ; like ; as 
 soon as ; — tltcl ? how much ? 
 
 aSteber, adv. again ; -finbett, 0. c, 
 
 tr. to find again ; -Ijlltt, m. -e3, 
 echo ; -fyttfttUunQ, /. - restora- 
 tion, restitution ; -Ijo'lClt, tr. to 
 repeat ; -(jo'I UttjJ, /. - recapitula- 
 tion ; -fommen, -0. c, intr. to 
 come again ; -fliltQCtt, 0. c, intr. 
 to resound ; echo. 
 
 SBiett, ». -3, Vienna. 
 
 SBtefC, /. - pi. -tt, meadow. 
 
 SBiefef, ». -3, ^. -, weasel. 
 
 2BU&, a#. wild, savage ; -Jjeiter, 
 m. -$, pi. -, hay -gatherer on wild 
 lands. 
 
 2BU&, n. -e3, game. 
 
 mif}tlm, to. -3, William. 
 
 2Slttcn f to. -§, will, inclination, pur- 
 pose. 
 
 gBunftfritfe, /. - Winchbridge. 
 
 £yiuu, TO. -e8, ^£. -e, wind, air, 
 breeze ; -{junfc, to. -e3, j?£. -e, 
 greyhound ; -tttUl)le, /. -, pi. -tt, 
 windmill. 
 
 SBinf en, wtfr. make a sign ; to wink. 
 
 SStnter, to. -$, pi. -, winter ; -mo* 
 not, to. -e3, pi. -e, winter-month. 
 
 SBtt*, pron. we. 
 
 SBtroef, to. -3, _p£. - whirl ; vortex. 
 
 Sfiirlicltt, intr. to whirl, run round ; 
 warble. 
 
 SStrtClt, tr. to work, effect, act, per- 
 form. 
 
 SBirtljfdiaft, /. - pi. -en, house- 
 keeping. 
 
 233 iff Clt, a., tr. to know, have knowl- 
 edge of. 
 
 SBtffCIt, n. -3, knowledge, science. 
 
 2Siffenftf)aft, /. -, pi. -en, science, 
 
 knowledge. 
 
 SBittew, tr. to scent, smell, per- 
 ceive. 
 
 SStfc, to. -e$, pi. -e, wit. 
 
 2Bo ? adv. where ? 
 
 SSobunf)' ? adv. whereby ? wherein ? 
 
 SBogCltlCCr, a^?* waveless. 
 
 2t>0i)f, ac?f. well ; probably ; -fetl, 
 adj. cheap ; -geflltttt, adj. well- 
 intentioned ; -tfj jiter, to. -0, ^. -, 
 benefactor. 
 
 9So()ltCU f intr. to live, dwell, abide, 
 reside. 
 
 SBo^n^ttU0, n. -e$, #Z. -pufer, dwell- 
 ing-house. 
 
 SBoljnfty, to. -e$, j?Z. -e, domicil, 
 abode. 
 
 SBoIjmmg, /. - i*Z. -en, lodging, 
 dwelling. 
 
 SBolf, to. -c«, jrf. SBoffe, wolf. 
 
 SSolf e, /. -, jp£. -n, cloud, welkin. 
 
 SBottett, a., tr. and aux. to will, be 
 willing ; intend, wish, desire, 
 want. 
 
366 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 Jffiomit ? adv. with what ? where- 
 with ? 
 
 SSorttttf? adv. on which ? whereon ? 
 
 SBoritt' ? adv. in which ? wherein ? 
 
 SBort, to. -e$, pi. -e, a?id SSiirter, 
 word. 
 
 S&ortfcttt, to. -3, pi. -, little word. 
 
 TOrtCtlmd), to. -e$, pi. -biidjer, dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 SButri), adj. wounded, sore j -otjt, 
 m. -e$, ^>Z. -drgte, surgeon. 
 
 SBuntie, /. - pi- -** wound. 
 
 S&unfcer, to. -3, jp£. -, miracle, mar- 
 vel ; -fdjOtt, adj. most beautiful, 
 wonderfully fair ; -ttofl, adj. 
 wonderful. 
 
 SBtmbern, r. to wonder at. 
 SBunfilj, on. -e$, j>J. SBimjtye, wish, 
 
 desire. 
 SBiinfdjen, fr*. to wish, desire. 
 SSiittfdjenStoCrtlj, adj. desirable. 
 
 SBiirbe, /. - pi. -n, dignity, 
 
 honor. 
 SlSiiluifl, adj. worthy, deserving, 
 
 estimable. 
 SSiirtJigcn, tr. to deign, vouchsafe. 
 
 SBiirjc, /. - pi. -n, spice. 
 SSurjcf, /. -, pi. -n, root j -uofal, 
 
 m. -e£, pi. -e, root-vowel ; radical 
 
 vowel. 
 SButf), /. - rage, fury. 
 SBiitfjen, intr. to rage. 
 
 8- 
 
 3Ggfjflft r adj. despondent, timid, 
 fearful. 
 
 $01)1, /. - pi. -en, number ; -rttdj, 
 adj. numerous ; -hiort, to. -e$, 
 ^)?. -ttorter, numeral. 
 
 Boljfcn, tr. to pay. 
 
 .gajjiCtt, tr. to number. 
 
 So^iung, /. - pi. -en, payment. 
 
 #a(jnIJurj!c, /. - pi. -n, tooth- 
 brush. 
 
 $&Vt, adj. soft, tender ; delicate, 
 nice. 
 
 ^iirtutfj, adj. tender, amorous. 
 
 giiumen, tr. to bridle. 
 
 ■Sefjlt, ten. 
 
 §titf)tn f to. -3, ^>Z. -, sign, token, 
 mark. 
 
 ^eidjjltett, tr. to draw, delineate, de- 
 sign. 
 
 ^Ctfjett, tr. to show. 
 
 $cif, /• -# name of a street. 
 
 •Sett, /. r, J*, -en, time, age ; Dot 
 -en, in the days of old ; -ttta§, 
 to. -e3, space of time ; -ttlUJIt, 
 m. -e3, pi. -rdume, space of time ; 
 period. 
 
 $etttg, adj. early, timely. 
 
 ^ettung, /• - pi. -en, newspaper, 
 gazette. 
 
 Sette, /. - pi. -n, cell. 
 
 $elt, to. -e3, ^>Z. -e, tent. 
 
 ^Crfttl'lcit, o. c, intr. to be divided. 
 
 SJerljatt'Ctt, o. c, fr\ to cut asun- 
 der. 
 
 ^Crle'gctt, tr. to divide, separate, 
 disjoin. 
 
 Serle'gUttg, /. -, pi. -en, dividing, 
 separating. 
 
 germal'mett, tr. to crush, bruise, 
 
 grind. 
 ftcrtti'iltn, o. c, tr. to rend, tear. 
 SerfHe'feCJtf °- c -> ^ nir - *° scatter. 
 
GERMAN- ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 367 
 
 3erfHJr'ett r tr. to destroy. 
 
 fttrftteu'tn, tr. to dissipate, divert 
 from. 
 
 Serfircu'Ulig, /• -, pi. -en, amuse- 
 ment, diversion. 
 
 ^Crtljenett, tr. to divide, separate, 
 branch. 
 
 ^Crtre'tett, o. c, tr. to tread down. 
 
 Scitgittp, n. -e3, pi. -e, witness, 
 testimony. 
 
 .Sictyftt, o. c, tr. to draw ; move ; 
 
 march ; ftrfj au8 fcer Sdjlinge -, 
 
 to extricate one's self from the 
 difficulty. 
 
 ^tel, ». -e3, ^Z. -e, end, limit, tar- 
 get, mark. 
 
 .gicmlid}, adj. pretty, tolerable ; fo 
 — , tolerably, pretty well. 
 
 Emitter, n. -^ ^?Z. - room, apart- 
 ment, chamber ; -ttttttttt, m. -e3, 
 pi. -leute, carpenter. 
 
 StrJJC 11, intr. to chirp. 
 
 ftitxo'ne, f. -, pi. -n, lemon. 
 
 ^tttcrttf ™ l tr. to tremble, quake, 
 shake, shiver. 
 
 3oH, m. -e3, /tf. -e » i ncn - 
 
 3om f m. -e3, anger, wrath, indig- 
 nation. 
 
 goring, adj. angry, passionate, vio- 
 lent. 
 
 Qu t prep, at ; by ; to ; for ; in ; on ; 
 adv. too, to. 
 
 Surfer, m. -$, sugar ; -aljont, m. -3, 
 pi. -e, sugar maple. 
 
 SuerfT, «^u. first, in the first place. 
 
 $ltf(lU, *»• ~^» j^- -fftffc, chance, 
 accident. 
 
 3 It fallen, o. c, intr. to fall to one's 
 share. 
 
 SufttHtg, adj. accidental. 
 
 Sltfludjt, /• -, refuge, shelter; 
 -Sftiitte, /• -, pi. -n, place of 
 refuge. 
 
 3ufoI'ge, prep, in consequence of, in 
 pursuance of. 
 
 SufriCfcCtt, adj. contented; satis- 
 fied. 
 
 Sufrie'&enljeit, /. -, contentment, 
 satisfaction. 
 
 ^Ufrteren, o. c, intr. to freeze 
 over. 
 
 3U0, m. -e3, pi. 3nge, march, pro- 
 cession ; -hxMt, f. - pi. -n, 
 draw-bridge. 
 
 ■Sutjttttg, m. -e$, pi. -gange, admis- 
 sion. 
 
 Sugretdj', adv. at the same time. 
 
 $\im, contraction of Jtt ilCttt (24. 
 2.). 
 
 SttnttdjfT, prep, next to. 
 
 ^uncfjmen, o. c, intr. to increase, 
 grow. 
 
 Sunge,/. -,pl. -n, tongue. 
 
 3ttr r contraction o/ju fcer (24. 2.). 
 
 Surest fieHen, fr< to set in order, 
 arrange. 
 
 gurtdjer, adj. ind. Zurich, of Zu- 
 rich. 
 
 $uru(f t adv. back, backward. 
 
 Simitf'&fei&ett, o. c, intr. to remain, 
 remain behind. 
 
 SururfortngCtt, a., tr. to bring 
 back. 
 
 8uriilf feljrett, intr. to return. 
 
 Uurutf'legett, tr. to pass over ; lay 
 aside. 
 
 3ururf'ttet6ett r o. c, tr. to drive 
 back, repulse. 
 
 Surittf tretetl, o. c, intr. to with- 
 draw. 
 
 Sururf'jie^CIt, o. c, r. to retire, 
 withdraw. 
 
 $Ufam'mCtt, adv. together. 
 
 Sufttltt'lttenfttffcn, tr. to combine, 
 sum up, comprehend, comprise, 
 recapitulate. 
 
368 
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 gufammenljangen, o.c, intr. to hang 
 
 together, be connected, cohere. 
 
 ;3ufam'mfit!jungenb, adj. coherent. 
 
 ^ufom'mcnfCi?CIt, tr. to compound, 
 combine. 
 
 gufain'jncnfefcung, /. -, pi. -en, 
 
 combination, compounding, com- 
 position. 
 
 Sufam'mctttrcfje n r o.c, intr. to meet. 
 
 ijufam'mcntoadjfen, o. c, intr. to 
 
 grow together ; concrete ; coalesce. 
 
 Sufeijen, . Cmt ilUr . to \ 00 ^ at> 
 
 3uf}anb f m. -e$,pl. -flanbe, condition. 
 $Utran,C11 f o. c, r. to happen, come 
 
 to pass. 
 ^Utrilfllid}, adj. advantageous, useful. 
 
 ^lltrittr m. -e3, admittance, access. 
 ^UtDCl'Icn, adv. sometimes. 
 ^tottltjig, twenty. 
 SttJttt, adv. it is true, indeed. 
 $toeif , m. -e$, pi. -e, end, purpose. 
 ^tocifd^ttft, adj. doubtful. 
 $ll)eig, m. -e$, pi. -e, branch, twig. 
 QtOtitt, num. second. 
 Stotrg, «». -it, pi. -e, dwarf; boy. 
 gttriltgCIt, o. c, tr. to compel, subdue. 
 $!W1tgCr, m. -§,pl.-, confined space. 
 3toingI)errfajaft,/.-,pZ. -en, tyranny, 
 ^tutltfcn, intr. to blink. 
 ^totfrfjCIt, prep, between, betwixt ; 
 
 among, amongst. 
 $tmtfdjern r intr. to twitter, warble. 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 ftmcrtfttltifdj, adj. American, 
 ftltgltjl, m. -$, August. 
 9lll$brud), m.-z$,pl.-br\i(f)t t eruption. 
 &ttgfcntoV n --^,.pZ.-bru(fe,expression. 
 JBctn, n. -e3, pi. -e, bone, leg. 
 ©Bin, n. -3, Cologne. 
 $te§feit£, prep, on this side. 
 $rutfei!, tr. to press. 
 Gingcfccttf fcin, to remember. 
 
 (jftnfantmein, tr. to gather. 
 
 <$ltQ(if d}c r n. -n, the English. 
 GqnCDtrge, w. -3, Erzgebirge. 
 iVCbruar, m. -3, February. 
 ^C^tClt, intr. to fight, to fence. 
 ©rilfm,/. (^?Z. -nen), countess. 
 
 3rgenb 3emanb,«anybody. 
 
 ^tt Hurjeitt, in a short time. 
 WialtXCi, /. (joZ. -en), painting, man- 
 ner of painting. 
 SHdnnltOJ, adj. male, masculine. 
 papier, n. -e3, jrL -e, paper. 
 Otcgnen, imp. to rain. 
 
 Saint, jprcp. together with. 
 
 2tfj0ttig f adj. shady, umbrageous. 
 
 Sjlttrtaner, m. -3, pi. -, Spartan, 
 Lacedaemonian. 
 
 Stttttftttben, to take place. 
 
 St!)l, w. -e$, ^Z. -e, style. 
 
 Subjttnftil), m. -$, pi. -e, subjunc- 
 tive ; subjunctive mood. 
 
 ^ranfltttJ, adj. transitive. 
 
 tUM, n. -$, pi. -, evil ; ill. 
 
 lllHfjcr, adv. around. 
 
 Unt • • hliUcn, prep, for the sake of. 
 
 JBcroICtOJCn, intr. grow pale ; expire. 
 
 $crtrren, refl. to lose the way. 
 
 S?CrIcitCtt r tr. to lead astray. 
 
 JBcrtTttg, m. -c3, pL -troge, stipula- 
 tion. 
 
 SSof^crtn, /. - pi. -nen, washer- 
 woman. 
 
 SBodje,/. -,pl. -n, week. 
 
 SBOBOlt ? adv. of which ? or what ? 
 whereof ? 
 
II. English-German. 
 
 
 A, an, em, eine, ein. 
 
 Able, fdbig ; to be — , fonnen. 
 
 About, ctroa, ungefdfyr. 
 
 Above, iiber, oberfyalb. 
 
 Accompany, begleiten. 
 
 Accomplish, $u ©tanbe fcringen, and* 
 
 fitijrcn. 
 According to, gema§, nadj ; according 
 
 as, je nad)bem. 
 Account, bie SRecfynung ; on— of,ir>egen. 
 Accuse, anHagen, kfcfyulbigen. 
 Accustomed, gerooijnt. 
 Acquaintance, bcr Scfannte, bte SSe= 
 
 fannte. 
 Action, bie SBirfttng; bte £anblung; 
 
 bte S|at. 
 Adhere, anljangen. 
 Adoiphus, Slbolpij. 
 Adverb, bad 2tb»erB. 
 Advise, ratten. 
 After, prep, nad) ; c. nad)bem ; -noon, 
 
 ber 9iad)mittag. 
 Again, roiebcr. 
 Against, roiber, gegen. 
 Ago, sor, sorter. 
 Agreeable, angeneljm. 
 Aid, bte £it(fe, ber Setffcmb. 
 Ail, fel)Ien. 
 Aim, bad 3tel. 
 All, atfcr, alle, ailed ; not at — , gan* 
 
 imb gar nid)t ; nothing at — , gan$ 
 
 unb gar 9?id)td ; it is — gone, ed iji 
 
 alle. 
 Allow, crlauben, taffert. 
 Almost, fafl, beinafje. 
 Along, (angd, entlang. 
 Already, bereitd, fd)on. 
 Also, aud). 
 
 Although, obglcidj, obfdjon. 
 Always, immer, jtetd. 
 24 
 
 Ambassador, ber ©efanbte. 
 
 America, 9Imerifa. 
 
 American, ber Slmertfcmer ; bte $fmert« 
 
 fanerin. 
 Among, unter, groifdjen. 
 Amount to, betragen. 
 And, unb. 
 Animal, bad 3#ter. 
 Answer, antroorten. 
 Any, trgenb ein, eine, etrt ; -body, trgenb 
 
 3emanb, Semanb ; -thing, trgenb 
 
 Gtroad, (£troad. 
 Apple, ber Sfpfel. 
 
 Architect, ber 23aumetfrer, 2Ird)iteft. 
 Armchair, bcr 2InnfhiI)I. 
 Army, bte 9(rmee, bad $eer* 
 Around, um. 
 Arrest, »ert)aften. 
 Arrive, anfommen. 
 Art-gallery, bte $unftgallerie. 
 Artist, ber titnftler. 
 As, aid, rote ; — . . . — , fo ... rote ; 
 
 — soon — , fobalb, fobalb aid. 
 Ashamed, befdjdmt; to be — , fid) 
 
 fd)dmen. 
 Assist, fjelfen. 
 
 Assistance, ber Seiffrmb, bte £ulfe. 
 Astonishment, bad ©rjlaunen. 
 At, an, m, &«, in, um, nad). 
 Attraction, ber 9tet$. 
 August, ber 3luguft. 
 Aunt, bte Xante. 
 Austria, Deftretd) or Defterreidj. 
 Avail, fid) bebienen. 
 Avoid, sernteiben. 
 Await, erroarten, aoroarten. 
 Awake, crroadjen. 
 Aware, berou§t. 
 Away, roeg, fort. 
 Axis, bie 9Id)fe. 
 
370 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 B. 
 
 Back, prutf. 
 
 Backward, riicfroarta, guriicf. 
 
 Bad, bofe. 
 
 Bake, bacfen. 
 
 Baker, 33acfer. 
 
 Bank, baa Ufcr, baa ©eftabe. 
 
 Bark, bie $inbe. 
 
 Basket, bcr $orb. 
 
 Battle, bie <3d)lad)t, baa Sreffen. 
 
 Be, fcin ; fid) befmben. 
 
 Beak, ber <3d)nabel. 
 
 Bear, gebaren. 
 
 Bear, ber 33ar. 
 
 Beard, ber ©art. 
 
 Beat, fcfylagen. 
 
 Beautiful, fd)5n. 
 
 Because, roeil. 
 
 Become, roerben ; to — acquainted 
 
 with, fennen lernen. 
 Bed, baa 33ett ; baa Sect. 
 Bee, bie Siene. 
 
 Before, prep. »or ; c. besor, er)e. 
 Beg, bitten, betteln. 
 Begin, anfangen, beginnen. 
 Behave, fid) betragen. 
 Behavior, baa Setragen. 
 Behind, ljintcr. 
 Believe, glauben. 
 Belong, geljorert. 
 Below, unter, unterfjalb. 
 Bench, bie 33anf. 
 Benefactor, ber SBotyftfcater. 
 Beside, neben ; au§er. 
 Betake one's self, ftd) begeben. 
 Bethink, ftd) bebenfen. 
 Betray, verratfjen. 
 Between, jroifdjen. 
 Binding, ber Sinbanb. 
 Bird, ber 23ogel ; — of prey, ber SRaub- 
 
 ttogel. 
 
 Bite, betjjett. 
 
 Black, ftyroarj. 
 
 Blame, tabeln. 
 
 Blind, blinb. 
 
 Blindness, bie 33linb^ett» 
 
 Blue, blau. 
 
 Boast, fid) riibmen. 
 
 Body, bcr ilorper. 
 
 Bohemia, Soljmen. 
 
 Bohemian, bcr Soljme. 
 
 Book, ba^ 23ud) ; -binder, ber S8ud)* 
 
 binber; -case, bcr 93ud)crfd)ranf ; 
 
 -seller, ber Sud^anbler ; -store, bie 
 
 3Mtd$anblun<$. 
 Boot, bcr ©tiefel ; -maker, bcr ©ttefel* 
 
 madjer. 
 Bottle, bie $lafcbe. 
 Boy, ber $nabe, bcr 3unge. 
 Brave, tapfer, tuf)n. 
 Bread, baa Srob. 
 Break, bred)en, jerbred)en. 
 Bridle, ber Baum. 
 Bright, fyeil, ftar, gtangenb. 
 Bring, bringen. 
 Brittle, gerbrcd)Iidj. 
 Brook, ber %$a$. 
 Broom, ber 23efen. 
 Brother, ber ©ruber; -in-law, ber 
 
 (Sd)tt>ager. 
 Brush, bie Surfte. 
 Bud, bie 5?noape. 
 Build, bauen. 
 Building, baa ©ebaube. 
 Burdensome, taftig, befd)tt>erlid). 
 Burn, brennen. 
 But, aber ; rntr. 
 Butter, bie Sutter. 
 Buy, faufen. 
 By, burd), pen, auf, ju. 
 
ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 371 
 
 C. 
 
 Cabinet-maker, ber £ifd)ler. 
 
 Cake, ber $ud)en. 
 
 Call, rufert ; nennen ; fyeifjen. 
 
 Can, fonnen, sermogen. 
 
 Cap, bte $appe. 
 
 Capable, fdbjg, taugttd). 
 
 Care, bte ©orge, bte 2}orftd)t ; to take 
 — , 2ld)t gefcen ; fid) bitten. 
 
 Care, fid) befitmmern, forgen. 
 
 Careful, forgfdlttg. 
 
 Carpenter, ber 3imntermann. 
 
 Carpet, ber £eppid). 
 
 Carriage, ber 2Bagen. 
 
 Carry, tragen, brtngen. 
 
 Cartbage, ilartfyago. 
 
 Castle, ba$ <5d)loJ3. 
 
 Catch, fangen. 
 
 Caterpillar, bte 9?aupe. 
 
 Cathedral, ber £>om, bte ©otnfirdje. 
 
 Cause, bte <5ctd)e, bte Urfadje. 
 
 Celebrated, beritljmt. 
 
 Cent, ber Sent. 
 
 Century, ba£ 34rljunbert. 
 
 Certain, gerctp, ftdjer. 
 
 Chair, ber (Stuljt. 
 
 Chalk, bte $reibe. 
 
 Change, bte 23erdnberung. 
 
 Charles, $arl. 
 
 Cheap, roofylfetl, Mtttg. 
 
 Cheese, ber $dfe. 
 
 Cherry, bte $trfdje. 
 
 Chief, ba$ £aupt ; — point of attrac- 
 tion, ber |jaitptan$iefyung$t>unft. 
 
 Child, ba$ $inb. 
 
 Chimborazo, ber (Itjtmboraffo. 
 
 Chirp, girpen. 
 
 Christ, e&riftaS. 
 
 Church, bte ilirdje. 
 
 Circulation, ber ttmtauf. 
 
 Citizen, ber ©itrger. 
 
 City, bte ©tabt ; -life, baS ©tabtleben. 
 
 Civilization, bte (Swtltfatton. 
 
 Claw, bte illcute, bte ^rafle. 
 
 Clear, fyttt, flar, rein. 
 
 Climb, flimmen, flettern. 
 
 Cloak, ber Mantel. 
 
 Clock, bte Ubr; at six o'clock, urn 
 
 fed)* Uljr. 
 Cloth, ba* £ud). 
 Cloud, bte SBoIfe. 
 Coach, bte $utfd)e; -man, ber $ut= 
 
 fdjer. 
 Coal, bte Riffle ; -black, foljlfdjroarj. 
 Coat, ber 9?orf. 
 Coblentz, ^oblenj. 
 Coffee, ber flaffee. 
 Coin, bte 9ftunge, ba* ®elb. 
 Cold, fait ; I am — , e<3 frtert mid), e$ 
 
 t[t mir fait ; to take — , ftdj erfditen. 
 Collection, bte ©ammtung ; — of 
 
 paintings or pictures, bte ©emdlbe* 
 
 fammiung. 
 Cologne, ftbln. 
 Come, fommen. 
 Comfortable, bequem. 
 Command, befebjen. 
 Command, ber 23efeljL 
 Commander, ber S3efe$l3$a5er, 
 Commend, cmpfebfett* 
 Common, gerooljnUd). 
 Compel, groingen. 
 Complain, fid) beflagen. 
 Concert, ba<3 Soncert. 
 Conjunction, ba* S3mbc»'ort ; bte Gum* 
 
 junftion. 
 Connect, serfnitpfen, serbtnbem 
 Conscientious, gettriffenfyaft. 
 Consider, batten fitr. 
 Considerable, bebeutenb. 
 Consumption, ber Skrbrand). 
 Contented, ^ufrieben. 
 Continue, bauern. 
 Continually, fortwdfyrenb, beflanbtg. 
 Contradict, ttiberfprecfyen. 
 Convict, uberfubjen. 
 Conviction, bte tteberaengung. 
 
372 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 Convince, uberjeitgen. 
 
 Cook, ber $ocb, bie 
 
 Cool, fubl. 
 
 Copy, abfcbreibetu 
 
 Corn, bad $orn. 
 
 Cost, fojten. 
 
 Costly, fojrbar. 
 
 Connt, ber ©raf. 
 
 Country, bad ganb ; -house, bad Sanb- 
 
 baud ; -seat, ber 2anbft§, bad Sanb* 
 
 got 
 Courageous, irtutljig. 
 Course, ber 2auf ; ber Gutrfud ; bie 
 
 9teib,e ; of — , natiirlid). 
 
 Cousin, ber Setter, bie (£oufme. 
 
 Cover, bebecfert. 
 
 Cover, ber ttmftylag. 
 
 Cow, bie $u6. 
 
 Cowardly, feige. 
 
 Cricket, bie ©rifle, bad £eim<$em 
 
 Crime, bad 23erbred)en. 
 
 Criminal, ber SSerbrecfyer. 
 
 Crooked, gefriimmt. 
 
 Cross, bad $reuj. 
 
 Cross, iiberfdjreiten. 
 
 Cut, fcfyneiben, fyaucn. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dam, ber £)antm. 
 
 Danger, bie ©efaljr. 
 
 Dangerous, gefafyrlidj. 
 
 Danube, bie 2)onau. 
 
 Dare, ftdt> getrauen. 
 
 Dark, bimfel ; -green, bunfelgriin. 
 
 Daughter, bie Softer. 
 
 Day, ber Sag ; — after to-morrow, 
 ubermorgen ; — before yesterday, 
 fcorgejiern ; -laborer, ber Saglbbner. 
 
 Dead, tobt. 
 
 Deaf, taub ; — and dumb, taubjlimim. 
 
 Deal, ber or bad 2#eU ; a great — , 
 febj »tel. 
 
 Dear, tieb, tbeuer. 
 
 Death, ber Sob. 
 
 Deceive, betritgen, btrttergeben, 
 
 December, ber IDejentber, 
 
 Deck, bad 23erbecf. 
 
 Declare, erfiaren. 
 
 Deed, bie Zfyat, |>anblung. 
 
 Deep, tief. 
 
 Defeat, fd)tagen, itberttnnben. 
 
 Deserve, serbienen. 
 
 Design, entroerfen. 
 
 Design, bad SBorbabert, ber ${an. 
 
 Desirable, rounfefyendroertf). 
 
 Desk, bad $utt. 
 
 Despair, serjroeifeln. 
 
 Destiny, bad <3d)icffat, bie Seftimmung. 
 
 Destitute, ent&lojjt, tterlaffen. 
 
 Destroy, gerpren. 
 
 Determine, entfdjeiben, bef$lieJ3en. 
 
 Devote, ergeben. 
 
 Diamond, ber 2)iamant. 
 
 Dictionary, bad SBorterbucb. 
 
 Die, prben. 
 
 Difference, ber ttnterfefyieb. 
 
 Different, »erfd)ieberu 
 
 Difficult, fdjroierig. 
 
 Dig, graben. 
 
 Diligence, ber Bfleig. 
 
 Diligent, fleiftfg. 
 
 Dinner, bad SftittagdmabJ, bad 2ttittag= 
 
 effen. 
 Dint ; by — of, sermoge. 
 Direct, ricfyten. 
 Disagreeable, urtartgenebm. 
 Disappear, serfdjimnben. 
 Discontented, urt^ufrteben. 
 Discourse, bie $ebe, ber SBortrag; bie 
 
 SlbljanbUmg. 
 Dislike, roibrig ftnbcn, mijjMUtgen ; 
 
 I dislike to sing, id) finge ungerru 
 
ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 373 
 
 Dissimulation, bie Skrfteflung,. 
 
 Distinct, serfcfyieben. 
 
 Ditch, ber ®raben. 
 
 Do, tljim, mackn. 
 
 Doctor, ber £>oftor. 
 
 Dog, ber |mnb. 
 
 Dollar, ber Scaler. 
 
 Doubtful, jroetfel^afr, ungettrifj. 
 
 Down, nieber, krab, knak tyinunter, 
 
 krunter. 
 Dozen, baS £>u£enb. 
 Drag away, ttegf#lepl>ett» 
 
 Draw, jiekn, gett^netr. 
 Drayman, ber banner. 
 Dress, baS $Ieib. 
 Drink, trtnfen ; faufen. 
 Drink, batf ©etrdnfe. 
 Drive, rreikn, faken. 
 Dry, trocfen. 
 Duck, bie (Snte. 
 During, jr»ar;renb. 
 Dust, ber ©tauk 
 Duty, bie 9>fitck. 
 Dwelling, ba$ 2Bo$n$att& 
 
 E. 
 
 Each other, eincmber. 
 
 Early, friik. 
 
 Earth, bie (£rbe. 
 
 Easy, leick. 
 
 Eat, effen ; »er$efjren ; freffen. 
 
 Effort, bie 9lnjtrengung. 
 
 Egg, bad Si. 
 
 Either ... or, entroeber . . . 
 
 Elect, rodfyten, errodfc^en. 
 
 Else, fonfr. 
 
 Emigrate, auStoanbern. 
 
 Emperor, ber ilaifer. 
 
 Empire, baS ilaiferreid). 
 
 End, enbigen. 
 
 Enemy, ber $einb. 
 
 English, englifek 
 
 Enjoy, genicpen, fid) erfreuen. 
 
 Enough, genug. 
 
 Entire, aanj, ttoflftdnbig. 
 
 Envious, neibtfck 
 
 ober. 
 
 Equal, gteick 
 
 Error, ber 3rrtfjum, 
 
 Especially, kfonberS. 
 
 Esteem, fd)d£en, acken, 
 
 European, europdtfck 
 
 Even, fclbfr ; not — , nirf)t einmaL 
 
 Evening, ber 2lknb; this — , kute 
 
 Stfcnfc 
 Ever, jf. 
 Every, jeber, jebe, jebeS ; -body, 3eber= 
 
 mann ; -where, ufceratt. 
 Excellent, ttortrefflid), au(?geseidjnet. 
 Except, auSgenommen. 
 Excite, erregen. 
 Exercise, bie Slufgak,. 
 Exert, anftrengen. 
 Expect, erroarten. 
 Expensive, foftfpielig. 
 Explain, erfldren* 
 Eye, ba$ Sluge, 
 
 Fade, ttelfen. 
 Faithful, treu. 
 Fall, fatten. 
 Fall, baS ©efdtfe. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fame, ber 0?n1jm, ber $uf. 
 Family, bie $ctmilie. 
 Far, rceit, fern, entfernt ; not 
 unroeit, nnfern. 
 
 from, 
 
374 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 Fashion, bie 5flobe. 
 Fast, fdjnett, Ijurtig. 
 Father, ber SJater ; -land, bad $ater* 
 
 lanb. 
 Fault, bcr 8*tf>to. 
 Favorable, giinfrig. 
 Fear, fitrdncn, fid) fitrd)ten. 
 February, bcr gebruar. 
 Feeble, fd)it>adj. 
 
 Feeling, bad ©efiifrL, bie (Smpftnbung. 
 Few, wcnigc ; a — , einige. 
 Field, bad ftclb. 
 Fight, fed)ten, fampfen. 
 Final, enblid). 
 
 Find, finben ; — out, audftnben. 
 Finger, ber finger. 
 Fire, bad gcucr ; -place, bcr or bad 
 
 ftamttt. 
 Fisherman, bcr gifdjer. 
 Fit, paffen. 
 Fitting, paffienb. 
 Flatter, fd)meid)eln. 
 Flatterer, bcr (5d)meicbter. 
 Flattering, fd)meid)elf)aft. 
 Flee, flie(>en. 
 Flour, bad 2Re$f. 
 Flow, fliefkn. 
 Flower, bie 23lume; -garden, ber 
 
 SMumengarten. 
 
 Flute, bie glote. 
 
 Fly, flicgen ; — away, ttegfliegen. 
 
 Foliage, bad 2au6, bad gaubwerf. 
 
 Fond ; to be — of, feljr lieben. 
 
 Foolish, tfj6rid)t. 
 
 Foot, ber gu§. 
 
 For, c. benn ; prep, far, »or, urn, auf. 
 
 Foreign, fremb. 
 
 Foreigner, bcr and bie $rembe. 
 
 Forest, bcr 2Balb ; -tree, ber SBalb* 
 
 baum. 
 Forfeited, serlufHg. 
 Forget, vcrgeffcn. 
 Formerly, fritter. 
 Forward, ijorwartd. 
 Fowl, bad £u&n. 
 Fox, bcr gud)d. 
 Frankfort, $ranffurt. 
 Frederick, $riebrid). 
 Free, fret* 
 Freeze, frieren. 
 Frenchman, ber ^ranjofe. 
 Friend, bcr greunb ; bie $reuttbm. 
 From, son, aud, an. 
 Fruit, bie $rudjt. 
 Fulfil, erfuflen. 
 Full, soli, sotttg. 
 Further, ferner. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gain, gettrinnen, crlangen. 
 Garden, ber ©arten. 
 Gardener, ber ©avtner ; bie ©artnerin. 
 General, gewoljnlid). 
 Gentleman, bcr £crr. 
 Genus, bad ©efd)led)t. 
 German, ber ami bie £)eutfdje. 
 German, beurfd). 
 Germany, £)eutfd)ianb. 
 Get, erlangen ; tyolen ; toerben ; to — 
 along, fid) bebetfen. 
 
 Give, geben, fd)enfen. 
 
 Glad, frof) ; lam- ed freut mid). 
 
 Glass, bad ©lad. 
 
 Glove, ber £>anbfd)ulj. 
 
 Go, gefyen ; to — to get, Ijoten ; to — 
 
 away, fteggefyen ; to — for, bolen ; 
 
 to — out, audgefjeru 
 Gold, bad ©olb. 
 Good, gut. 
 Goose, bie ©and. 
 Govern, ^errfdjen, regieren. 
 
ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 375 
 
 Gracious, giitig. 
 
 Grammar, bte ©rammatif. 
 
 Grandfather, ber ©rojjsater. 
 
 Grandmother, bie ©ropmutter. 
 
 Grass, bad ©rad. 
 
 Grateful, banfbar. 
 
 Gray, grots. 
 
 Great, grog ; a — deal, fe$r »tcl. 
 
 Greece, ©riedjenlanb. 
 
 Green, griin. 
 
 Greyhound, ber 2Birtbf)itnb. 
 Grieve, fid) gramert. 
 Grind, maljlen, fd)leifert. 
 Grocer, ber Cramer. 
 Grow, tx>ad)fert. 
 Guess, ratten, erratljeru 
 Guide, ber gitljrer. 
 Guilty, fd)ulbig. 
 Gustavas, ©uftott. 
 
 Habit, bte ©ettofjtrljeir. 
 
 Habitation, bie SBotymtltg. 
 
 Half, $alb. 
 
 Hammer, ber jammer. 
 
 Handsome, fd)6n. 
 
 Hang, ftcingen, Ijartgen. 
 
 Happen, fid) ereignen. 
 
 Happy, gliifflid). 
 
 Harbor, ber £afen. 
 
 Hard, bart. 
 
 Hardship, bad Urtgemad). 
 
 Hat, ber £ut. 
 
 Hate, fyaffen. 
 
 Have, fyafeen. 
 
 Hay, bad £eu. 
 
 He, er ; berjenige. 
 
 Head, ber $opf. 
 
 Health, bie ©efunbljeir. 
 
 Hear, ()brert. 
 
 Heart, bad £er$. 
 
 Heaven, ber £immel. 
 
 Heavy, fcbroer. 
 
 Height, bie £6fie. 
 
 Help, f)elfert. 
 
 Help, bie £it(fe, ber Seiftanb. 
 
 Helpless, f)itlflod. 
 
 Hen, bie ferine. 
 
 Hence, bedfyalfr ; baljer. 
 
 Henry, £eirtrid). 
 
 Her, ibr. 
 
 Herd, bie £erbe. 
 
 Here, ftier. 
 
 Hermit, ber (Stnftebler. 
 
 Hero, ber £elb. 
 
 High, Ijod). 
 
 Himself, er felbfl ; ftd). 
 
 His, fein ; ber, bie, bad feine or feinige. 
 
 History, bie ©cfd)id)te. 
 
 Hit, treffert. 
 
 Hold, fatten. 
 
 Hole, bad £odj, bie £6£)Ie. 
 
 Homage, bie $ulbigung; to do — > 
 
 fyitlbigen. 
 Home, bie £eintart) ; adv. nad) #aufe ; 
 
 at — , $u £aufe. 
 Honor, bie (Sfyre. 
 Honor, eforert ; preiferu 
 Hope, t) off en. 
 Horror, bad (£ntfe|en ; I have a — , 
 
 ed graut mir. 
 Horse, bad $ferb. 
 Hot, $ei|. 
 Hour, bie ©tunbe. 
 House, bad £>aud. 
 How, roie. 
 However, jebodj. 
 Human, menfd)Iid). 
 Hungary, Urtgarru 
 Hungry, l)imgrig. 
 Hunter, ber 3ager. 
 Hurt, fcfyaben. 
 Husbandman, ber Sanbmann, 
 
376 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 It* 
 
 Ice, bad (Sid. 
 Idle, mitjjtg, rrage. 
 Idleness, ber 2fiit£iggartg. 
 If, roenn. 
 
 Ill-natured, fcodarrig. 
 Immigrant, bcr einroanberer. 
 Important, rotd)tig. 
 Impossible, unmogltd). 
 Impression, bcr Sinbrucf. 
 Improvidence, bie Un»orftd)tigfeiL 
 In, in. 
 
 Inch, ber 3otu 
 Independent, una&Mngtg. 
 Indian corn, bad 2Belfd)forn. 
 Indispensable, uncntkfyrlid). 
 Indistinct, unbeutlid). 
 Indolent, rrdge. 
 Industrious, fleifjig. 
 Injure, fdjaben. 
 
 Injurious, nadjffjeitig.. 
 
 Ink, bie £inte ; -stand, bad SintenfajL 
 
 Innocence, bte Unftyulb, 
 
 Insect, bad 3nfeft. 
 
 Instead, anftatr, ftatt. 
 
 Instruct, untcrrid)tcrt, fc^rert. 
 
 Instrument, bad SBerfjeug. 
 
 Into, to, nad), ju. 
 
 Inure, abfydrten. 
 
 Invalid, adj. franf; noun ber %\\tia* 
 
 libe. 
 Invent, crfinbert. 
 
 Invincibility, bie tfnukmnnblid)feit. 
 Iron, bad (£ifert. 
 Island, bte 3nfeL 
 It, ed. 
 Italian, adj. italtemfdj ; noun ber 3W* 
 
 Itcner ; — lady, bie 3talieneriru 
 Italy, Stalien. 
 Its, fein ; beffett. 
 
 J. 
 
 January, ber 3anuar. 
 Jest, ber <Sd)erj. 
 Jew, ber 3ube. 
 Joiner, ber (Sdjreiner, 
 
 Journey, bie 9?eife» 
 Joy, bie $reube. 
 Judge, ber $id)ter. 
 Just, adj. gered)t, frittia. ; 
 
 adv. efcert. 
 
 Keep, fatten ; bitten. 
 
 Key, ber <Sd)IitffeL 
 
 Kidglove, bcr ©lacefjanbfdwl). 
 
 Kind, adj. gut, gittig, liebreid), freunb* 
 
 ltd). 
 Kind, noun bie 5Xrt; bie 33efd)affen1jeit; 
 
 what — of a, road fur ein, eine, 
 
 eitte? 
 
 Kindness, bie ©ute, v 
 
 King, ber ilonig. 
 Kingdom, bad iftmigretd). 
 Kiss, ber 5!uJ. 
 Knife, bad Sfteffer. 
 Knight, ber fitter. 
 Know, roiffen ; fenncn ; fonnert. 
 Known, kt'armt. 
 
ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 37: 
 
 L. 
 
 Labor, tie STroeit. 
 
 Laborer, bcr $rkiter. 
 
 Lack, ber Mangel ; there is a — of, 
 cd mangclt an. 
 
 Lady, bic Dame. 
 
 Land, bad £anb; -ecape, bie Sanb* 
 fd)aft. 
 
 Language, bie <Sprad)e. 
 
 Large, grog. 
 
 Last, bcr, bic, bad Ce^te, SSorige; — 
 week, »orige 2Bod)e ; — nigbt, ge flern 
 Slbenb. 
 
 Late, fpdt, furjlid). 
 
 Law, baa ®efe£. 
 
 Lay, legen. 
 
 Lazy, trdge, faul. 
 
 Lead-pencil, bcr 23IeifKffc. 
 
 Leader, ber gufjrer. 
 
 Leaf, bad Start. 
 
 Leap, fpringen, t)upfen. 
 
 Learn, ternen, erfar)ren. 
 
 Learned, geler)rt. 
 
 Leather, bad Seber. 
 
 Leave, laffen, tterlaffen. 
 
 Left, tint 
 
 Length, bic Sdnge. 
 
 Less, roeniger, minber. 
 
 Lesson, bie Seftioru 
 
 Let, laffen. 
 
 Letter, ber 33ud)ftak; ber Srtef ; -pa- 
 per, bad Sriefpapier. 
 
 Library, bie 33ioliott}ef. 
 
 Lie, liegen. 
 
 Life, bad Se&en. 
 
 Lighten, blijjen. 
 
 Lightning, ber 33Iifj. 
 
 Like, g(eid), roie ; the — , bergleid)en. 
 
 Like, mogen, liekn. 
 
 Lily, bie Silie. 
 
 Linen, bie Seinroanb. 
 
 Lion, ber Sijroe. 
 
 Literature, bie Siteratur. 
 
 Little, fletn, roenig. 
 
 Live, leben, rooljnen. 
 
 Load, belaben. 
 
 Lofty, t)od). 
 
 Long, adj. Iang ; adv. Iang, lange. 
 
 Long, fid) fet)nen. 
 
 Look, to — for, fudjen. 
 
 Looking-glass, ber (Spiegel. 
 
 Lord, ber |>err. 
 
 Lose, serlieren; to — the way, fid) 
 
 tterirren. 
 Loss, bcr Serluft 
 Lot, bad Seed. 
 Loud, Iaut. 
 
 Love, lieoen, Tieo fjakn. 
 Love, bie i*iebe. 
 Low, niebrig. 
 Low, oritlten, fclofen. 
 Lucrative, eintraglidj. 
 Luggage, bad ©epacf. 
 
 M. 
 
 Make, ntacfyen, tterferttgen. 
 
 Man, bcr 5ftann, ber SWenfd). 
 
 Matter, ber ©toff, bic Cad)e ; what is 
 
 the — , road gibfd ? 
 Mattress, bie 2J?atrafce. 
 May, ber s Jftai. 
 
 Mayence, !3J?ain$. 
 
 Means, bad 9fltttel ; by — of, mittelfr, 
 
 ttcrmitteljr. 
 Measure, bad 5Wa§ ; ber Sflaj^ao. 
 Measure, meffen. 
 Meat, bad $leifd). 
 
378 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 Mechanic, ber £cmbroerfer. 
 
 Meet, begegnen. 
 
 Melt, fcfymelgen. 
 
 Mention, ertt>dl)nen. 
 
 Merchant, ber Haufmann. 
 
 Meteoric stones, 2fteteorfreine. 
 
 Migrate, nxmbent. 
 
 Miller, ber Sflitller. 
 
 Million, bte Million. 
 
 Mindful, etngcbenf. 
 
 Mine, ber, bte, ba3 meinige or metne. 
 
 Minute, bte Minute. 
 
 Miser, ber QkijljalS. 
 
 Miserable, elenb, ungiucflid). 
 
 Miserly, geijtg. 
 
 Mislay, serlegen. 
 
 Miss, baS grdulein. 
 
 Moment, ber Slugenblicf. 
 
 Money, ba$ ©elb. 
 
 Month, ber Sftonat. 
 
 More, meljr. 
 
 Morning, ber Sftorgen ; this — , Ijeute 
 
 SWorgen. 
 Mosquito, bte SfloSquito. 
 Most, meiftenS, am metften ; at the — , 
 
 f>M)ften3. 
 Mother, bte flutter. 
 Mountain, ber 23erg. 
 Mouth, ber 2Kunb ; bad SEKaut, 
 Mow, mdben. 
 Mr., £err. 
 Mrs., $va\x. 
 Much, aid. 
 Munich, 2ftundjen. 
 Musician, ber SonfitnjHer. 
 Must, mu(Ten, fatten. 
 Mutiny, bte SReuteret, ber Stufruljr. 
 My, meirt, ntetne, mettt. 
 Myself, id) felbjl, felbjl, mitf). 
 
 N. 
 
 Nail, ber 9?agel. 
 
 Name, ber Sftame. 
 
 Name, nennen. 
 
 Namely, ndmlid). 
 
 Narrow, cnge. 
 
 Native country, bad $aterlanb. 
 
 Near, nal)e, in ber 9idfje son. 
 
 Need, bebiirfen. 
 
 Need, in — of, bebiirftig, benottjtgr. 
 
 Neighbor, ber $ad)bar. 
 
 Neither, aud) nidjt ; — . . . nor, roeber 
 
 . . . nod). 
 Nephew, ber $effe. 
 Nest, bad 9?ejr. 
 Never, nie ; mentals 
 
 Nevertheless, bennod), bejjenungcad)tet, 
 
 bod). 
 New, neu, frifd). 
 Next, ndd)ft, fotgenb. 
 Night, bie 9?ad)t. 
 No, nctn ; fetn, fetne, fetn. 
 Nobleman, ber Sbelmann. 
 Nobody, 9?iemanb. 
 None, $ein, Heine, JleineS. 
 Not, ntcbt. 
 
 Nothing, SRi^W ; — but, 9?idjt3 ati. 
 Notwithstanding, ungead)tet, trofc. 
 Now, nun, jefct. 
 Nutritious, nafyrljaft. 
 
 0. 
 
 Oak, bie ©tdje. 
 Oats, ber £afer. 
 
 Obedience, ber ©etyorfanu 
 Obey, geljordjem 
 
ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 379 
 
 Oblige, *erpflid)tett, jtotngen. 
 
 Obstinate, fyaldftarrig, fyartnatfig. 
 
 Occur, fid) ereignen. 
 
 Of, son, bet, aud), iiber. 
 
 Off, son, ah, roeg, fort. 
 
 Offer, btetcn, barbieten ; anbieten. 
 
 Office, bad 2lmt. 
 
 Officer, ber Dfftjter. 
 
 Often, oft. 
 
 Old, alt. 
 
 On, auf, an, p, in. 
 
 Once, einmat ; einjl. 
 
 One, ein, cine, ein ; (Siner, Sine, Sined ; 
 
 man ; -'■ self, fid)"! 
 Only, nur. 
 
 Oppose, fid) roiberfefcen. 
 Opposite, gegenitber. 
 
 Or, ober. 
 
 Order, ber Sefefjt ; in — to, um . .   
 
 ?u. 
 Other, anber ; -wise, anberd. 
 Our, unfer, unfere, unfer. 
 Ours, unferer, unfere, unfered ; ber, bie, 
 
 bad unfere or unfrige. 
 Out of, au$. 
 Over, fiber ; -coat, ber Ueberrod ; 
 
 -come, uberroinben ; -flow, fiber* 
 
 flutfeen ; -shoe, ber Ueberfd)ulj ; 
 
 -whelm, fiberroattigen. 
 Owe, fdjulbig fein. 
 Owl, bie (Eule. 
 Own, eigen. 
 Ox, ber Q$$, ber Ddjfe. 
 
 Pain, ber Sd)mer$. 
 
 Painter, ber 9ftater. 
 
 Painting, bad ©ematbe. 
 
 Pair, bad $aar. 
 
 Paper, bad papier. 
 
 Parents, bie (Eltern. 
 
 Part, ber £f/eil. 
 
 Partly, tr)eild. 
 
 Past, sorfiber. 
 
 Path, ber g>fab. 
 
 Pay, j;ablen, be^abjlen. 
 
 Peasant, ber 33auer. 
 
 Pen, bie $eber; -holder, ber $eber= 
 
 falter. 
 Pencil, ber SleifHft. 
 People, bad 23o(f, bie £eute. 
 Perfect, soflfommen, 
 Persian, ber $erfer. 
 Person, bie $erfon. 
 Pestilence, bie $efh 
 Photograph, bie ^otograptjie. 
 Physical, pb,»fifd). 
 Physician, ber Slrjt. 
 
 Piano, bad Easier. 
 
 Picture, bad ©emdlbe, bad S3ilb; 
 
 -book, bad ©ilberbud). 
 Piece, bad ©tficf. 
 Pit, bie ©rube. 
 Pity, bebauem. 
 Place, ber $la&, ber Drt 
 Plan, ber $))tan. 
 Plane, ber £obet. 
 Play, fpielen. 
 Pleasant, angeneljm. 
 Please, gefatten ; bitten. 
 Pleasure, bad SSergnitgen. 
 Point, ber $unft. 
 Polite, t>6ftid). 
 Poor, arm. 
 
 Porcelain, bad gjorjetfan. 
 Pork, bad <Sd)roeinefteifd). 
 Possible, moglid). 
 Pound, bad $funb. 
 Power, bie SWadjr. 
 Powerful, madjtig. 
 Practice, bie ttebung. 
 
380 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 Praise, bad Soft. 
 
 Praise, loben. 
 
 Prefer, sorjte&en ; — to do, to make, 
 
 liekr tfmn, licber mad)en. 
 Prejudice, bad S>orurtf)eiL 
 Preposition, bie sprapojttfott. 
 Pretty, biibfd). 
 Price, ber spreid. 
 Prince, ber tyiiril. 
 Prisoner, ber ©efangene. 
 Probable, wa^rfdjeinlid). 
 
 Produce, fkrttorbrtngen, fdjaffett. 
 Professor, ber sprofeffor. 
 Promise, serfpred)en. 
 Pronounce, audfpred)en. 
 Proud, jiolj, ^oc^mut^ig. 
 Prudence, bie £lugt)eiL 
 Prudent, flug. 
 Prussia, $reu§en. 
 Prussian, ber $Preupe. 
 Panish, ftrafcn, beftraferu 
 Purchaser, ber $aufer. 
 
 a 
 
 Questionable, jrcetfefljaft 5 it is — , I Quicksilver, bad Quetffitber. 
 ed fragt ftdj. I Quire, bad 23ud) (papier). 
 
 Rage, toutyen. 
 
 Railroad, bie (Eifenbafyn; -map, 
 
 (Stfenba&nfarte. 
 Rain, ber $eo,en. 
 Raise, erbeben. 
 Rank, ber 9tang. 
 Rapid, fc^nett, gefd)tttnb, rafdj. 
 Read, lefen. 
 
 Reading-book, bad 2efebud). 
 Real, ttirflid). 
 Reasonable, biflig. 
 Receive, empfangen, erfjalten. 
 Recently, neulid). 
 Recommend, empfeljten. 
 Recover, ftd) erfyolen. 
 Red, rotfj. 
 
 Reference, ber ffiejug. 
 Refresh, auffrifd)eit, erquicfen. 
 Refuse, fid) weigern. 
 Rejoice, ftd) freuen. 
 Remain, bleiben. 
 
 bie 
 
 Remarkable, bemerfendfoerrt>, merfttmr* 
 
 big. 
 
 Remember, ftd) erirmern. 
 
 Rent, ntietben. 
 
 Repeat, tvieber^olen* 
 
 Repose, bie 9hif)e, ber <3d)laf. 
 
 Representative, ber $eprafentant. 
 
 Reputation, ber 9tuf, 
 
 Reside, fto'ljneiu 
 
 Rest, bie fftxfyt. 
 
 Retire, fid) jurutf jieljen. 
 
 Reward, belobtteit. 
 
 Reward, bie 23e(oljmmg. 
 
 Ribbon, bad SBanb. 
 
 Rich, reid). 
 
 Riddle, bad 3t Wet. 
 
 Ride, reiten ; fabren ; to — on horse- 
 back, reitett. 
 
 Ridicule, ldd)erlid) ma$m ; fpotten. 
 
 Right, red)t ; to be — , 9ted)t Ijaben. 
 
 Ring, ber 9img. 
 
'C^7 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 381 
 
 Ripe, reif. 
 
 Ripen, reifeit. 
 
 Rise, auffrel)crt. . 
 
 River, ber $Iu§. 
 
 Road, tie ©tra§e, ber SBeg. 
 
 Rob, fccraufcen. 
 
 Robbery, bcr 9ta*$. 
 
 Rock, bcr $elg, ber gfelfen. 
 
 Rocking-chair, ber ©djaufelfhtljl. 
 
 Roman, ber Corner. 
 
 Rome, diem. 
 
 Roof, bag Qafy. 
 
 Room, bag 3tmmer. 
 
 Rose, bie SRofe. 
 
 Round, runb. 
 
 Rubber overshoe, ber ©ummiitBer* 
 
 Rule, bie SReget. 
 
 Run, remtert, laufcn ; to — away, roeg* 
 
 tftufen. 
 Russia, 8hi§Ianb. 
 Russian, ber Stuffe. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sad, rraitrig. 
 
 Saddler, bcr ©artier. 
 
 Sailor, ber SWatrofc. 
 
 Sailship, bag ©egelfdjiff. 
 
 Sake, for the — of, urn . . . rmftert. 
 
 Same, berfelbe, biefelfte, bagfelbe ; ber^ 
 
 jenige, biejenige, bagjenige. 
 Saw, bie ©age. 
 Say, fagen. 
 Scholar, ber ©d)iiler. 
 School, bit ©d)ule; -mate, ber W\U 
 
 fdmler ; -year, bag ©d)itljal)r. 
 Scissors-grinder, ber ©d)eerenfd)(cifer. 
 Sea, bie (See, bag fcr ; at — , auf ber 
 
 ©ee, gur ©ee. 
 Season, bie 3al)regseit; — of the 
 
 year, 3af)reggeir. 
 Seat, bcr ©it}. 
 Second, ber bie, bag .Broctte. 
 Secret, gefyeim. 
 See, fefien. 
 Seem, fdjeirten. 
 Seize, ergreifen. 
 Seldom, feltett. 
 Sell, verfaufen. 
 Send, fenben, fd)idcrt. 
 Servant, ber Wiener. 
 Several, tterfdnebert, ntetjrere. 
 Shall, roerben ; fallen. 
 Sharp, fd}arf. 
 
 She, fie ; biejenige, bie. 
 
 Shear, fd)crcn. 
 
 Sheep, bag ©d)af. 
 
 Shepherd, ber ©djafer. 
 
 Ship, bag ©djiff. 
 
 Shoe, ber ©cfyufj. 
 
 Shoot, fd)ie§en. 
 
 Shore, bag lifer, tag ©eftabe. 
 
 Short, furj. 
 
 Show, geigen. 
 
 Sick, franf. 
 
 Side, bie ©eire ; on this — , biegfeitg ; 
 
 on that — , on the other — , jenfeitg. 
 Siege, bie Selagerung. 
 Silk, bie ©eibe. 
 Silver, bag ©itt>er. 
 Similar, abnlid). 
 Since, feit, feitbem. 
 Sinful, funb^aft. 
 Sing, firtgert. 
 
 Singer, ber ©anger ; bie ©angerin. 
 Single, eirtgig. 
 Sink, finfert. 
 Sir, mein £err. 
 Sister, bie ©d)ttjefler. 
 Sit, ftfcen. 
 
 Situation, bie Cage. 
 Skilful, gefd)idt. 
 Slate, bie ©d)ieferiafe( ; -pencil, ber 
 
 ©riffel. 
 
382 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 Sleep, f deafen. 
 
 Slow, Icmgfam. 
 
 Small, flein. 
 
 Smile, Ictcfyeln, Iadjen. 
 
 Smpke, raucfyen. 
 
 Snow, ber ©dmee. 
 
 So, fo. 
 
 Soap, bie <Seife. 
 
 Sojourn, ber 2lufentf)aU. 
 
 Soldier, ber <5elbat. 
 
 Some, einiger, cinige, einigeS ; — one, 
 
 3emanb ; -body, 3emanb ; -thing, 
 
 GtroaS ; -times, guroeilen, mituntcr ; 
 
 -what, ein roenig, etroaS. 
 Son, ber ©ofyn. 
 Song, ber ©efang, baS iiieb. 
 Soon, batb ; as — as, fobalb aU. 
 Sorry, traurig ; I am - e£ tlt)ut mir 
 
 leib. 
 Soul, bie <3eete. 
 Sour, fauer, bitter. 
 South, ber Ci.ben; —America, ©fib* 
 
 amerifa. 
 Spain, ©panten. 
 Spanish, fpanifdj. 
 Speak, fprecfcn. 
 Spirituous, geiftig. 
 Spite, in — of, trofc, ungeadjtet. 
 Split, fpalten. 
 Spring, fpringen. 
 Spring, ber $ritf)Iing. 
 Stairs, bie Sreppe; down — , unten, 
 
 fyinunter ; up — , oben, §incwf. 
 Stand, jtefyen. 
 State, ber <3taat. 
 Stay, Meikn. 
 Steal, ftefjlen. 
 
 Steamship, baS Dampffdjifjf. 
 Steel, ber <5taf>l. 
 Steep, jat)e, fteit. 
 Stephen, ©tepfyan; -'s church, Ste* 
 
 pfjanSfirdje. 
 Still, nod). 
 Stung, jledjen. 
 
 Stinging-fly, <3ted)fliege. 
 
 Stone, ber (Stein. 
 
 Stony, fteinig. 
 
 Storm, ber (Sturm, ba<3 ©emitter. 
 
 Story, bie ©efd)id)te, ba$ 2ftdf)rd)en. 
 
 Stove, ber Dfen. 
 
 Stranger, ber $rcmbe, ber trembling. 
 
 Strasburg, <Stra§burg. 
 
 Strawberry, bie ©rbbeere. 
 
 Straw-hat, ber <Strol)fyut. 
 
 Stream, ber (Strom. 
 
 Street, bie <Stra§e. 
 
 Strength, bie ©tdrfe, bie $raft. 
 
 Strike, fd)lagcn. 
 
 Strive, ftreiten, fdmpfen. 
 
 Strong, flarf. 
 
 Study, fiubiren. 
 
 Sublime, erfmocn, food). 
 
 Subordinate, untergeorbnet. 
 
 Succeed, gelingen. 
 
 Such, folder, fold)e, foldjeg ; ber, bie, 
 bad ; — as, folcfye, roeldje or fo!d)e, bie. 
 
 Suffer, leiben. 
 
 Sugar, ber 3ucfer ; -maple, ber Bucfer* 
 ahoxn. 
 
 Suit, gefatfen. 
 
 Sultry, fd)ttntf. 
 
 Sun, bie Sonne ; -shine, <Sonnenfd)ein. 
 
 Superior, iikrlegen. 
 
 Sure, fid)er, geroift. 
 
 Surprise, iiberrafdjen ; to be sur- 
 prised, (id) rounbern. 
 
 Surrender, fid) ergeben. 
 
 Suspected, »erbad)tig. 
 
 Sustain, cm$f)alten. 
 
 Swallow, bie (Sdjroalbe. 
 
 Swede, ber (Sd)roebe. 
 
 Swedish, fd)roebifdj. 
 
 Sweep, fef)ren. 
 
 Sweet, fu§. 
 
 Swell, fd)Wetten. 
 
 Swim, fd)roimmen. 
 
 Sword, ba3 (Sdjroert. 
 
-f^ ~ /*'\stsv^ ^y<r*+>is _ yv»^/*-^v-^v' 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 383 
 
 Table, ber £ifd). 
 
 Tailor, ber <Sd)neiber. 
 
 Take, nebmcn ; to — away, wegnef^ 
 
 men ; to — a ride, ftajiren fafyren ; 
 
 to — a walk, fpajiren geben ; to — 
 
 a cold, fitf) erfdtten ; to — pains, fid) 
 
 >Mibe geben; to — part in, Sfjetl 
 
 nebmen on. 
 Tale, btc (Srjdbjung, bag 9fld()rd)en. 
 Talk, fpredjen, rcben. 
 Tea, ber £l)ce. 
 Teach, tebjen. 
 Teacher, ber Seljrcr. 
 Tear, jerreipen. 
 Tell, fagen, erjdfylen. 
 Temperate, mdtfig. 
 Than, aid. 
 That, .prwi. jener, jene, jened ; berjenige, 
 
 bicjenige, badjemge ; ber, bie, bad ; 
 
 roeldjer, reetcfye, roetdjed ; c ba§, bamit. 
 The, art. ber, bie, bad ; adv. je, bejto, 
 
 um fo. 
 Theft, ber DiebjlaM. 
 Their, ibr, ibre, tbr. 
 Theirs, ber, bie, bad ibre or ifjrtge. 
 Themselves, felbfi, ftd). 
 Then, bann, barauf. 
 There, ba, bafyin. 
 Therefore, bed^alb. 
 Thermometer, bad Jbermometer. 
 They, fie, taejenigen, foldje. 
 Thick, bid. 
 Thief, ber Dieb. 
 Thin, biinn. 
 
 Thing, bad 2)ing, bie (Sadje. 
 Think, benfen, glauben. 
 This, biefer, biefe, biefed. 
 
 Thou, bu. 
 
 Though, bbfdjon, obgleidj. 
 
 Thought, ber ©ebanfe, ber ©inn. 
 
 Through, burd). 
 
 Throw, tterfcn. 
 
 Thunder, bonnern. 
 
 Till, bid. 
 
 Time, bie Beit. 
 
 Timid, furd)tfam. 
 
 Tired, mitbe. 
 
 To, ju, an, nad), auf ; um . . . ju. 
 
 To-day, fyeute. 
 
 To-morrow, morgen ; — morning, 
 
 morgen friil). 
 Too, in. 
 
 Toward, gegen, gen. 
 Tower, ber £burm. 
 Town, bie <3tabt. 
 Traitor, ber SSerrdttyer. 
 Travel, reifen, geben. 
 Traveler, ber SKeifenbe. 
 Treason, ber SSerratf). 
 Treat, befyanbeln. 
 Tree, ber 33aum. 
 Trouble, bcmiiben, betriiben. 
 Trouble, bie SWitfye, bie S3efd)roerbe. 
 Troublesome, laftig. 
 True, tren, roaljr. 
 Trunk, ber Coffer. 
 Try, »crfud)en. 
 Turk, ber £iirfe. 
 Turkey, ber Srutbaljn. 
 Turn, breljen, fid) breljen. 
 Turtle-dove, bie Surteltaube. 
 Twenty, jroanjig. 
 Tyranny, bie Uprannei, 
 Tyrant, ber S^rann. 
 
 U. 
 
 Ugly, fjdfjlid). 
 
 Umbrella, ber 9eegenfd)irm. 
 
 Unaccustomed, ungeroobnt. 
 Unbleached, ungeb(eid)t. 
 
384 
 
 ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 Uncle, ber DnM, bcr Dfieim. 
 Under, untcr. 
 Understand, serfiebcn. 
 Undertake, unternefymen. 
 Unfavorable, ungimftig. 
 Unhappy, unglucfltd). 
 United States, atacmtgte ©taaterw 
 Unknown, unbefannt. 
 
 Unpleasant, unangeneljm. 
 
 Until, bit. 
 
 Unto, auf. 
 
 Unwell, unroo^l. 
 
 Up, fyinauf, fyerauf. 
 
 Upon, auf. 
 
 Upstart, ber (Emporfommlmg. 
 
 Useful, nufcltd). 
 
 Vain, cttet. 
 Valiant, tapfer, Tutyn. 
 Valley, bag Sbal. 
 Velvet, bcr (Sammet. 
 Venture, wagetu 
 Very, feljr. 
 Vest, bie SBefte. 
 Vicinity, bie SRadj&arfcfyafr. 
 
 Vienna, SBien. 
 Village, bag 3)orf. 
 Virtue, bie £ugenb 
 
 ttermoge. 
 Visit, befudjett. 
 Voice, bie <Stimme. 
 Volume, ber 33anb. 
 
 by — of, fraft, 
 
 W. 
 
 Wagon, ber SSagen. 
 
 Wait, roarten. 
 
 Waiter, ber Miter. 
 
 Wake, rcacben. 
 
 Walk, ber ©pa&iergang ; to take a — , 
 
 einen (5pa,$iergang mad)en. 
 Walking, bag ©eljett. 
 Wall, bie 2ftauer. 
 
 Want, ber Mangel ; in — of, bebiirftig. 
 War, ber $rieg. 
 Ware, bie SSaare. 
 Warm, rr>arnt. 
 Warning, bie SBarmmg. 
 Wash, ttafcben. 
 Waste, »erfd)roenben. 
 Watch, bie Ufa bie £afd)emtbr. 
 Watchful, n>ad)fam. 
 Water, bag 2Baffer. 
 Watering-place, ber 33abeort, 
 We, roir. 
 Wealth, ber 9teid)tbum. 
 
 Weary, mi'tbe. 
 
 Weather, bag SSetter. 
 
 Week, bie 2Bod)e. 
 
 Weight, bag ©ettridjt. 
 
 Well, nwfcl ; gut ; as — as, foroo^t . , . 
 
 ale. 
 What? reag? r»e(d)er? tteldje? XotU 
 
 d)eg ? roag fur em ? eine ? em ? 
 Wheat, ber SBeigen. 
 Wheel, bag $ab. 
 When, roann, roemt ; alg, ba. 
 Where? tto? rooljm? 
 Whether, ob. 
 Which? rceldjer? tteld)e? tt)eTd)eg? 
 
 ber, bie, bag. 
 While, tt>af)renb. 
 White, roei§. 
 
 Who? »er? tt?eld)er? tt?eld)e? tteldjeg? 
 Whole, gan$. 
 Why? roarum? 
 Wide, breit. 
 
ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. 
 
 385 
 
 Wife, bit $rau, bie Sbefrau. 
 
 Wild, »Ub. 
 
 Will, ttoUen ; «**. tterben. 
 
 William, ©ilbelm. 
 
 Wind, ber 2Binb. 
 
 Window, baS gcnfler. 
 
 Winter, ber ©inter; -month, ber 
 
 SBintermonat. 
 Wise, roeife. 
 Wish, wunfdjen. 
 With, mir, buret), bet, sor. 
 Within, in. 
 Without, obne. 
 Woman, bie $rau. 
 Wood, bad #olj. 
 Woods, ber malb ; ba$ ©eb,olje. 
 
 Wooden, botjern. 
 
 Word, ba$ 2Bort. 
 
 Work, arbeiten. 
 
 Work, bie Arbeit ; ba$ 2Berf ; -man, 
 
 ber Slrbeiter. 
 World, bie 2Belt. 
 Worthy, roiirbig. 
 Wound, bie SBunbe. 
 Wrapping-paper, bad §)acfpa}rier. 
 Write, febreiben. 
 Writing-hook, ba# <5d)reibfjeft. 
 Writing-paper, bad <3d)reibpapier. 
 Writing-tahle, ber <Sd)reibtifdj. 
 Wrong, ungered)t, fatfd) ; to he — , ttn« 
 
 red)t fjaben. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yard, bie 
 
 Year, bag 3ab,r. 
 
 Yellow, gelb. 
 
 Yes, ja. 
 
 Yesterday, geftern ; day before 
 
 ttorgeftern. 
 Yet, nod) ; not — , nod) nid)t. 
 Yonder, bort. 
 You, ibj ; bu ; @ic. 
 Young, jung* 
 
 Your, euer, eure, euer ; bein, beine, bein 
 
 3br, 3$re, 3fer. 
 Yours, eurer, eure, eureS ; beiner, beine, 
 
 beined ; Sfjrer, 3f)re, 3ftre3 ; ber, bie, 
 
 bad eure, beine, 3b,re or eurige, beinige 
 
 Sljrige. 
 Yourself, ifjr, bu, @ie; felbjl; eud) 
 
 bid); fid). 
 Youth, bie 3ugenb. 
 
Ul-8-U 
 
 & 
 
 u 
 
 
   y 
 
 
 x 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 7.7 
 
 f sfl 
 
 ^ mm/ 
 
 / / 
 
 ) 
 
 7 
 
 (/ 
 
 & 
 

^>^-. 
 
 &&■•• 
 
 ^^"7 
 
 
 t^fWK 
 
 q, - p 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 BERKELEY 
 
 Return to desk from which borrowed. 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 53 DD 
 
 
 'To 
 
 ■'/ 
 
 "JAN 30 1956 
 
 JAN3 195B LU 
 
 ****** 
 RECD LD 
 
 MAR - 2 1958 
 DEC 4 Ml 
 
 LD 21-100to-7,'52(ALo28s16)476 
 
 -^ £ ^r 
 
 ^;^ 
 
 ^1^, 
 
1(0 
 
 YB 55155 
 
 ■i8eer 
 
 4£$mm 
 
 <)^444444 
 
 V ^0 
 
 NIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 -J CS3 
 
 i£^^m. I 
 
 W!S 
 
 NIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 = e^=^#r^