MEEARS PRIZE. ESSAY, 
 
 "UTAH: Her Attractions and Resources, as Inviting the 
 
 Attention of Tourists and Those Seeking 
 
 Permanent Homes." 
 
 TO 
 
 ROBERT W. SLOAN, Esq., 
 
 E SAT/lXfjJffiT HERALD. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 -BY 
 
 COL. O. J. UOLLTSTER, 
 
 COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE, 
 
 S. .A. KENTSTER. Esq., 
 
 EDITOR OF THE BEAVER ENTERPRISE. 
 
 Published for Gratuitous Distribution by 
 
 GEORGE A. MEEARS, 
 ii, 13. 15 SKCOND Soi-rii STREET, SALT LAKK CITV, UTAH. 
 
 SALT LAKE HERALD, PRINTERS. 
 
GENERAL MERCHANDISE. 
 
 CITY. 
 
P. H. LANNAN 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 The Empire is the Pioneer Market of Salt 
 
 Lake, and retains front rank among 
 
 the Meat Markets of the 
 
 Rocky Mountains. 
 
 The Best kind of 
 
 and 
 
 The Sausage is made by Steam Power, and is 
 
 such as can bef>Iaced on the tables 
 
 of Epicures. 
 
 Retail Dealers, Hotels and Private 
 
 Families Supplied on Reasonable 
 
 Terms and Promptly. 
 
 Is on the Corner of 
 
 FIRST SOUTH & COMMERCIAL STREETS 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. 
 
 Remember the Empire when you want the 
 Tenderest Steaks, the Choicest Cuts and the 
 Finest Sausage. 
 
 P. H. LANNAN. 
 
 11 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 IRON, STEEL, 
 
 Stoves, Hinware, 
 
 ILL r INDINGS, 
 
 kltssmifh loola 
 
 ETC., ETC., 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, 
 
p fit 
 
 - V, 
 
 Brat National 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY. 
 
 Paid in Capital - 
 Surplus - - - 
 
 $200,000 
 $125,000 
 
 WM. II. HOOPER President. 
 II. S. ELDREDGE, Vice-Pres. 
 WM. JENNINGS, 
 FERAMORZ LITTLE, 
 JOHN SHARP, 
 NICHOLAS GROESBECK, 
 L. S. HILLS, Cashier. 
 
 Directors 
 
 Receives Deposits Payable on Bsmni, 
 
 Buys and Sells Exchange on New 
 York, San Francisco, Chicago, St. 
 Louis, Omaha, London and Principal 
 Continental Cities. 
 
 MAKES COLLECTIONS, 
 
 Remitting Proceeds Promptly. 
 
 & GO 
 
 BANKERS, 
 
 ctrr. 
 
 Transact a General Banking Business. 
 
 direful Attention Given to the Sale of 
 Ores find Bullion. We solicit Con- 
 signments, Guaranteeing the 
 Highest Market Prices. 
 
 Collections Made with Prompt Re 
 turns, at Lowest Bates. 
 
 Execute Qzdets fei Puwb&so Qr 
 ef tecks sad Beads 
 
 We Sell Exchang-e and Telegraphic Transfers 
 on Leading Cities of the United States; also 
 Furnish Sight Drafts or Remit Funds 
 to London, Dublin, Berlin, Copen- 
 hagen, Paris, Stockholm and 
 all other Prominent Points 
 in Europe, at Lowest 
 Rate of Exchang-e. 
 
 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT ISSUED PAYABLE ON 
 DEMAND, 
 
 ACTIVE ACCOUNTS SOLICITED. 
 
 CORRESPON DENTS : 
 
 New Tork Importers' and Traders' National, 
 
 Kountze Brothers. 
 
 Chicago Commercial National Bank. 
 San Francisco First National Gold Bank. 
 Omaha Omaha National Bank. 
 St. Louis State Savings Association. 
 
PUBLISHER'S PURPOSE. 
 
 For the purpose of calling- attention to the many natural advantages of Utah Territory, 
 in connection with the Territorial Fair, Mr. George A. Meears addressed the following- to the 
 t-ominiltee in charge: 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, August 24, 1881. 
 Hoard erf Directors D. A. & M. Society : 
 
 Gent!emen-\ offer as a special prize, the sura of $50, to be awarded under the super- 
 vision of the appropriate committee "at the coming Territorial Fair, for the best essay on "Utah 
 Her Attractions and Resources, as Inviting the Attention of Tourists and Those Seeking Perma- 
 nent Homes," said essay not to exceed 5,000 words. 
 
 Respectful I v, 
 
 GEORGE A. MEEARS. 
 
 After mature deliberation the Committee on Essay presented the following report: 
 To the President and Board of Directors of the D, A. & M. Society : 
 
 Gentlemen The committee appointed by your honorable board to award the prize of j^o, 
 offered by George A. Meears. Esq., for the best essay on "Utah: Her Attractions ana Resources, 
 :-s inviting the Attention of Tourists and Those Seeking Permanent Homes," respectfully report 
 that thev have carefully read the several essays submitted to them, which they nave numbered 
 from i to 7, and after full consideration of their respective merits, and due deliberation, a major- 
 ity of said committee award the prize to essay "No. c," signed with the initials of "W. S." 
 
 Your committee are also highly impressed with the excellence of the essays uumbered 
 i and 3 respectively, and thinking them too good to be lost, respectfully suggest to "your board 
 the propriety of having them published in pamphlet form, in conjunction with the pri^e essay, 
 provided the authors are willing, with a view to having them placed with in the reach of those 
 seeking correct information upon the resources and attractions of Utah. 
 
 Should your board not be in a position, financially, to incur the expenses of said publica- 
 tion, there is no doubt but the means could easily be raised by subscriptions from leading busi- 
 ness men in the community. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 JOSEPH R. WALKER, 
 WM. JENNINGS, 
 JOSEPH L. BARFOOT, 
 WILLIAM BUDGE. 
 JOAB LAWRENCE, 
 ' JOHN T. CAINE, Chairman. 
 SALT LAKE CITY, November 2, 1881. 
 
 A vote of thanks was unanimously tendered to Mr. Meears for the interest he had mani- 
 fested in the recent Fair, and for the pecuniary encouragement he had extended. 
 
 It having been made kno\vn to the board that the author of essay No. 5, signed with the 
 initials of W. S., was Mr. R. W. Sloan, of the SALT LAKE HERALD, Mr. Meears' check for the 
 50 and the.pri/.e essay were forwarded to him. 
 
 In presenting these essays for the information of the general public, it is unnecessary for 
 me to say that the statements are in every sense reliable. The reputation of the contributors and 
 the endorsement of the distinguished committee are sufficient to warrant an unprejudiced perusal 
 bv intelligent readers. v 
 
 That Utah has been persistently misrepresented by many ignorant and careless writers, 
 we are all well aware; and it is to be regretted that articles similar to those published herewith, 
 do not appear more frequently. The essays are submitted as a fair and reliable exhibit of the 
 material interests of our Territory, which needs only to be known to be appreciated. 
 
 I sincerely thank the talented writers for their earnestness and honesty in treating the 
 subject, and I feel confident that the friends of Utah everywhere will cordially recognize the 
 value of these truthful and meritorious essays. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, Dec. i, iSSi. GEORGE A. MEEARS. 
 
JOSLIN & PARK, 
 
 -THE 
 
 T 1? A TITWP f TP W 
 
 iijiiyjll& <JI W 
 
 re 2k 
 
 Ovur Steels: of 
 
 IS SUPERIOR TO ANY IN THE WEST. 
 
 
 WE HAVE A 
 
 are Sole Agents for Utah for the 
 
 'fl T 1 
 
 ***'v 
 
 ALL KINDS OF JEWELRY MANUFACTURED, 
 
 And a Heavy Stock of 
 
 Jjrcuoelets, 
 AND EVERYTHING IN OUR LINE. 
 
 hate a pecial B^ortment of ^uttful mmonck 
 
 ^rannn WAUANIBD GOOD, WITH PRICES REASONABLE,;: ~ 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, U. T,, & LEADVILLE, COL 
 
Bancroft Library 
 
 MEEARS PRIZE ESSAY. 
 
 ^UTAH : 
 HER ATTRACTIONS AND RESOURCES 
 
 As Inviting the Attention of Tourists and Those Seeking 
 Permanent Homes. 
 
 BY ROBERT W. SLOAN. 
 
 braced in 
 
 Abroad field is embraced in this 
 subject. Naturally it divides 
 into several themes, each, however, 
 necessary to form a perfect whole 
 These themes are distinct, as each 
 limb is a distinct portion of the 
 body, but as absolutely necessary as 
 each member is to the perfect body. 
 It is not a question of what Utah 
 has been, but what she is and what 
 she will become; it is not what ob- 
 stacles have been surrnou'ited, but 
 what the efforts of the future will 
 realize. That which is desired to be. 
 made clear is what inducement 
 does Utah offer to those in search of 
 permanent homes? and what are 
 her attractions for tourists? The 
 former depends on her natural 
 resources, as offering a permanent 
 basis for varied industries ; upora her 
 government as insuring the peace 
 and protection of her inhabitants, 
 and upon the consistency of the 
 temperature and elements as recom- 
 mending her climate for healthful- 
 ness and for the uninterrupted pro- 
 secution of labor. The latter rests 
 upon natural features; the grandeur 
 of the mountains, the sparkling of 
 the streams, the beauty of the lakes, 
 the cool of the canyons, the pheno- 
 mena of mineral springs ; and upon 
 those attractions which are the result 
 of civilization, as presented in broad 
 streets, fruitful farms, peaceful 
 homes, in lucrative manufactures 
 
 and mining, in accessibility to dif- 
 ferent points of interest, in security 
 of person, and in climatic influences. 
 As a foundation of all industries 
 and arts, agriculture has ever taken 
 and ever will take precedence as an 
 inducement to those in search of 
 permanent homes. Accumulated 
 wealth may secure all that agricul- 
 ture can produce, even where ow- 
 ing to unfavorable conditions of the 
 soil the primal pursuit cannot be 
 followed; but to the laborer, and to 
 those whose hard blows strike from 
 the dry earth and the crude metals 
 the wealth which adds to the riches 
 of ages, that Jocality can never offer 
 the' inducements 'for permanent 
 homes which are advanced by a re- 
 gion where the earth yields its treas- 
 ures of golden grain, and those com- 
 modities can be secured which have 
 become necessary to life in all civil- 
 ized nations. Precious metals may 
 abound, as they do in Nevada; but 
 unless agriculture is the primal pur- 
 suit, our valleys can never be filled 
 with happy homes; the air of peace 
 and plenty and contentment are not 
 congenial; and do what a commun- 
 ity mcy, build what cities it will, 
 rear what magnificent palaces im- 
 agination can devise or wealth al- 
 low, its true poverty cannot be con- 
 cealed. It will prove a constant re- 
 minder of impending desolation, 
 causing those splendid edifices to ap- 
 
peer as hollow vanities and serve i 
 only to make the coatrast between 
 rich cities and barren valleys the 
 more vivid painful and oppressive, j 
 Any country which has not an agri- | 
 cultural basis sufficient to sustain j 
 its population should other re- 
 sources fail, or a basis sufficient to | 
 produce the necessaries of life for 
 those engaged in mining and maim- j 
 facture can offer no satisfactory in- 
 ducements to persons in search of 
 permanent homes. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 Up to the advent of rail- 
 roads Utah, of necessity, de- 
 pended upon her agricultural 
 resources and a few unimportant 
 manufactures. While minerals 
 were known to exist, the industry of 
 mining with the exception of coal 
 andiron was wisely discouraged, 
 and all the energies of the people 
 were directed to the tilling of the 
 soil and the laying of a permanent 
 basis for the growth of such indus- 
 tries as the future might render 
 profitable and the resources of the 
 territory might warrant. When the 
 pioneers located here, the valleys 
 looked so forbidding that many 
 stout hearts sank at the unpromis- 
 ing prospect before them. Indeed, 
 an old mountaineer offered $1,000 
 for the first ear of corn that could 
 be raised in the valley, so confid?nt 
 was he that the vocation of agricul- 
 ture would be fruitless in such a 
 region. The soil was barren, but it 
 contained the necessary elements; 
 the climate was favorable; and 
 from that day to the present, now ( 
 nearly thirty-four years, the pro- | 
 ductiveness of this once sterile waste ; 
 has been a marvel to the world, and 
 is an eternal monument to the 
 efficacy of labor directed by intelli- 
 gence and prosecuted with un- 
 yielding perseverance. With each 
 succeeding year the ground becomes 
 more fruitful and were the amount 
 of land now cultivated the utmost 
 that could be used for agriculture 
 it is not improbable that it would 
 prove sufficient to sustain as large a 
 population as Utah will have for 
 many years, even should that popu- 
 lation increase at a greater ratio 
 than it has done heretofore. The 
 height of fertility to which the soil 
 can be advanced has never yet been 
 fully tested, and will not be for 
 years, for necessity alone can insure 
 
 a satisfactory soluti@n of the prob- 
 lem, and the necessity can hardly 
 exist in this generation. Thirty- 
 three years ago the land on which 
 Salt Lake City now stands, and that 
 in its vicinity, was considered bar- 
 ren beyond redemption. Thirty- 
 three years later Mr. 8. A. Woolley, 
 on 16 8-10 acres of this same soil, 
 raised an average of 73% bushels of 
 grain, to the acre! He sowed 6^ 
 acres with wheat and obtained 426 
 bushels; 5% acres with barley and 
 realized 517 bushels; 3% acres with 
 oats and received 310 bushels; mak- 
 ing a total . of 1,253 bushels, each 
 kind cleanly separated from the 
 othe^ The average of wheat to the 
 acre is 61 bushels ; of oats 88 bushels ; 
 all calculated by weight and running 
 from four to eight pounds over upon 
 every bushel. At Mendon, Cache 
 Valley, a gentleman raised, on an 
 average, sixty bushels of grain to 
 the acre, on a large farm. Similar 
 cases might be cited all over the 
 territory. This it must be borne in 
 mind is the product of land still sus- 
 ceptible of much higher cultivation. 
 But all available land in Utah is noli 
 yet occupied, and the necessity for 
 better cultivation does not exist. 
 Every year thousands of acres, for- 
 merly considered absolutely worth- 
 less, are being brought within the 
 range of cultivation by the system 
 o irrigation peculiar to this 'coun- 
 try. Canals are being constructed 
 in all directions, and waters that 
 have run to waste in the mountain 
 streams and canyon rivers are now 
 cirried aroun<J the mountain si'tes 
 and poured upon hitherto barren 
 acres. This is being done on the 
 east and west sides of Salt Lake 
 Valley. By means of canals much 
 of the dry land-south of Ogden and 
 below the Weber River will 
 soon be dotted with homes and 
 covered with fields of waving grain. 
 The same is in progress in Cache 
 County, in Box Elder, in Utah, and, 
 in fact, the same in every county of 
 the territory, where there are 
 streams to be utilized. At onetime 
 it was thought all the available 
 land had been secured, but as the 
 population increased, necessity 
 pointed out the way by which others 
 coull obtain homes; and canals, tap- 
 ping the mountain streams, began to 
 wina in all directions. Following 
 in their course sprang up green 
 fields, orchards, villages, towns, and 
 
the homes of a contented and pros- 
 perous people. It is impossible to 
 foretell when the limit can be 
 reached, in view of the facilities 
 thus offered for the cultivation of 
 new land ; but it may safely be pre- 
 dicted that neither this generation 
 nor the next will .see the limit of 
 the productiveness of Utah con- 
 sidered in her agricultural capacity. 
 There are places in Utah where 
 nearly all the products of agricul- 
 ture can be raised of equal 
 quality to any in the United 
 States, and it is the pride of 
 her people and the wonder of all 
 that within so small an area, crops 
 can be raised so prolific in quantity, 
 excellent in quality and great in 
 variety. The range of climate in 
 Utah is favorable to the growth of 
 crops ot all kinds, whether inciden- 
 tal to the higher altitudes, to the 
 temperate climate, or to the semi- 
 tropical regions. There are valleys 
 where frosts are almost of nightly 
 occurrence; there are others where 
 for many months they are not felt, 
 and still others where they are 
 rarely, if ever experienced. In 
 southern Utah the climate is con- 
 genial to the growth of cotton and 
 oranges and other products of the 
 southern states and California. To 
 the farmer, therefore, few places of 
 the earth, in point of variety of 
 agricultural pursuits, can offer 
 greater inducements tor a perman- 
 ent home than Utah Territory. 
 
 HORTICULTURE. 
 
 Notwithstanding^ the compara- 
 tively recent settlement of Utah she 
 has made rapid progress in horticul- 
 ture, and to this is due much f the 
 charm that makes her cities, towns 
 and villages so attractive. The 
 trees nearly covering the cities 
 with their umbrageous foliage 
 and giving relief from the 
 summer sun, present a charm 
 to the tourist and afford a sensation 
 to the laborer, that cannot be meas- 
 ured in terms. This charm is en- 
 hanced by the fact that a vast ma- 
 jority of the trees bear delicious 
 fruit, adding not only to the attrac- 
 tiveness of the cities, but to the 
 wealth, comfort and convenience of 
 their inhabitants.. One of the most 
 noticeable features in all towns in 
 our territory, and that which prob- 
 ably impresses first and pleases 
 most, is the flower garden and the 
 
 orchard surrounding every home 
 outside of Salt Lake City and nearly 
 every home within the city. 
 Flowers in endless variety ,tasteful.ly 
 arranged, grow in rich profusion, 
 and the effect is heightened by nu- 
 merous species of flowering and 
 ornamental shrubs Besides' adding 
 to the attractiveness of a place they 
 enhance the value of property in a 
 sense more important than one at 
 first thought would imagine. It 
 will, therefore, be seen that in Utah 
 the horticulturlist has excellent 
 oppoitunities, which will extend 
 with the increase and growth of the 
 territory. 
 
 STOCK-RAISING. 
 
 Stock raising always has been and 
 will continue to be a profitable pur-. 
 suit in the territory, certainly as 
 long as the extensive ranges exist 
 and the winter snows furnish water 
 for the mountain grasses. Large as 
 the herds have become, and fast as 
 they increase each year, the range of 
 Utah is not yet extiaustsd. Some of 
 the finest grazing country remains 
 almost untouched. In the matter of 
 stock Utah is rapidly approaching a 
 high standard, and a desire to secufe 
 better classes of animals is generally 
 manifested among her farmers and 
 stock raisers. The result is that in 
 a few years there will remain only a 
 well bred class of animals, into 
 which a more perfect strain is con- 
 stantly being introduced. At present 
 the most prominent breeds of horses 
 are the thoroughbreds, the Hamble- 
 tonians, the Normans, the Clydes- 
 dales and many cresses of these ani- 
 mals. Of all stock in Utah, ca'ttle, 
 perhaps, as a class, are nearer per- 
 fect than any other; and there is 
 not a little in which the 
 rum of blood are as pure 
 as can be found anywhere. 
 The prominent strains are Short- 
 horn, Devon, Jersey and Ayrshire, 
 with many crosses of these and 
 other kinds. The same perfection is 
 being sought in sheep, the represent- 
 ative strains being found in the 
 Cotswold, Merino and improved 
 Kentucky. It cannot be claimed 
 that Utah is the best place in the 
 world for stock raising, but she has 
 many requisites to commend her in 
 this respect. 
 
 MINING. 
 
 The great Tynd&ll has said : "In 
 matter I find the promise and po- 
 
tency of the future," lu the re- 
 sources of Utah may be found the 
 "promise and potency" of her fu- 
 ture. Though mining has been pros- 
 ecuted but a few years, marked pro- 
 gress has been made in this import- 
 ant industry. In the location of our 
 minerals nature has been almost as 
 considerate as in making them rich, 
 varied and inexhaustible. Indeed 
 it is not extravagant to assert that 
 there are few places, if any, in the 
 world, where can be found within 
 the same area, so many valuable 
 and useful metals and metalloids, 
 which, from their extent, will 
 foster the growth of large and 
 permanent industries. For many 
 years, outside of agriculture and 
 the existence of superior qualities 
 of coal and granite, no one had the 
 faintest conception of the various 
 and unbounded resources o. r this 
 most favored region. With the ad- 
 vent of railroads mining was intro- 
 duced. Men became wealthy, and, 
 as is common in the history of 
 mining sections, many were ruined, 
 and the country was brought into 
 temporary disrepute, not from the 
 Absence of mineral resources, but 
 through the practices of unprin- 
 cipled men. In prospecting for pre- 
 cious metals many other valuable 
 substances were found. The un- 
 expected finding of useful minerals 
 would cause others to recall similar 
 discoveries. Year after year and so 
 gradually that these discoveries oc- 
 casioned but little comment it be- 
 came known that within the 
 boundaries of Utah could be found 
 in "inexhaustible abundance the 
 materials upon which are based 
 a majority of the principal 
 industries of the world. When 
 their extent and variety are 
 fully comprehended it becomes a 
 matter of actual astonishment. 
 The people of Utah themselves, 
 have no conception of the "potency 
 and promise"" latent within the 
 depths of the snow-capped moun- 
 tains which guard their homes, and 
 husbanded in the valleys where they 
 reap the golden harvest. The future 
 of the territory depends upon the 
 awakening of the people to these 
 opportunities. In the few years 
 that have elapsed since the advent 
 of the railroad, Utah has suffered a 
 mining fever and its consequent 
 evils, but her star is again on the 
 ascendent and she now occupies an 
 
 enviable position among the metal - 
 producing regions of the nation. 
 She can boast the best paying mine 
 in the country the famous On- 
 tario which, from an origi- 
 nal outlay of less than u 
 quarter of a million has paid 
 over $3,000,000 in dividends and 
 still pays a regular monthly divi- 
 dend of $7'),000, besides carrying an 
 enormous burden of yearly ex- 
 penses, aggregating fully three- 
 quarters of a million. Its perma- 
 nence is a demonstrated certainty. 
 It is the best regulated mine in the 
 west, is making the most extensive 
 improvements,has the most superior 
 machinery, and every dollar ex- 
 pended is paid from earnings over 
 and above the sum given in monthly 
 dividends. Men of experience, who 
 are thoroughly competent to pass 
 judgment upon such matters, are of 
 , the firm opinion that Utah has many 
 ,| such mines as the Ontario yet unde- 
 veloped. ^To one can see into the 
 earth, but the evidences in favor of 
 the permanence and extent of Utah's 
 mines are so overwhelming as to 
 enforce conviction. At present, 
 mining, outside of coal fields, is al- 
 most wholly confined to the taking 
 out of precious metals, and while 
 the product is not as'great as it lias 
 been yet the profit on what is mined 
 is incomparably greaier than was 
 realized when the yearly output 
 was larger. Mining investments 
 are now judicious, formerly they 
 were the reverse. The present pro- 
 duct marks the result of a healthy 
 and steady movement, free from ex- 
 citement, in which every dollar 
 realized marks a gain on tlie invest- 
 ment. 
 
 A healthy influence is at work. 
 The territory is gradually develop- 
 ing more extended mining opera- 
 tions which are destined to be per- 
 manent for the reason that every 
 advance is founded on as great a 
 certainty as is consistent with the 
 mining industry. There can be no 
 fatal reaction while the influences 
 now operating continue at work. 
 To the miner no brighter prospect 
 can be offered than in Utah, and to 
 the capitalist in quest of an oppor- 
 tunity for safe investment she 
 stands alone in the* legitimate spirit 
 with which hsr miniug business is 
 conducted. The sound and unfail- 
 ing agricultural basis of the terri- 
 tory makes food cheap and abun- 
 
dant, and for this reason her mines, 
 though they may not be as rich as 
 many others, nevertheless can be 
 worked to equal pecuniary advan- 
 tage. 
 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 The promise of Utah's greatness 
 is found in the resources within her 
 borders, which will favor the 
 growth of manufacturing indus- 
 tries. These manufacturing indus- 
 tries, which, in a general sense, ire 
 to secure for Utah wealth and 
 power, we of a class more or less 
 dependent upon mining. To prove 
 the correctness of this assertion, it 
 is only necessary to point to our 
 iron resources. One may travel the 
 world over in search of iron and he 
 will return to Utah the more firmly 
 convinced that nowhere can this 
 metal be found in more abundai.ee, 
 in greater variety, or of a quality 
 that yields more readily to the 
 toueh of the artisan. There is in 
 this small territory enough iron to 
 supply the entire world for centu- 
 ries. The time must come when 
 this wealth of iron, yet destined to 
 rival the wealth of the Indies, will 
 offer an unfailing opportunity for 
 profitable and extensive investment. 
 This time onca arrived, it will not 
 be long before the mining of iron 
 ores equals in proportion the min- 
 ing for precious metals. In this re- 
 spect the mining and manufactur- 
 ing industries are allied. But this 
 is not all. The foundation for ex- 
 tensive industries in other 
 directions is almost as great. 
 The fuel supply is unlimited 
 consisting of coai in many varieties, 
 in oil shales, mineral wax, etc. In 
 the matter of building rocks our 
 supplies are inexhaustible, embrac- 
 ing varieties of granite, white and 
 red sand stone, lime stone, marbles 
 and ornamental stones. Then there 
 are agricultural rocks, useful as fer- 
 tilizers. These are to be found in 
 such vast quantities as to afford 
 means for fertilizing our agricul- 
 tural districts for many years to 
 come. There exist, also, chemical 
 rocks from which nearly all the 
 acids can be manufactured. Also 
 galena ores and ochres in every 
 variety from which the finest white 
 lead and paints can be manufac- 
 tured. We have clays upon which 
 pottery and fire briek industries 
 may be established, and all the ele- 
 
 ments are to be found for the manu- 
 facture of every variety of glass 
 upon a stupendous scale. Besides 
 iron, there are gold, silver, lead, an- 
 timony, salt, copper, and other min- 
 erals,each of which would justify the 
 establishment of suitable industries. 
 These are some of the elements 
 upon which the future of Utah de- 
 pends. But our territory is not 
 without her manufactures. She 
 has woolen mills, shoe factories, 
 tanneries, dairies, flour mills and 
 numerous other industries of more 
 or less importance; is making ex- 
 tensive p' eparations for the manu- 
 facture of paper, silk and sugar ; and 
 in a short time the foundation 
 now having been laid iron will be 
 manufactured on an extensive 
 scale. In these respects Utah is un- 
 excelled in the inducements she of- 
 fers to those in search of per- 
 manent homes. 
 
 ATTRACTIONS. 
 
 The natural attractions of Utah 
 are numerous. First among them 
 is the Great Salt Lake, the dead sea 
 of America, whose shores are 
 visited yearly by thousands in 
 search of health and pleasure. 
 Being the largest body of water of 
 its kind in the world it constitutes a 
 rare attraction. No tourist can af- 
 ford, if within a reasonable dis- 
 tance, to forego a journey to its 
 shores and a plunge in its exhilara- 
 ting waters. The abundance of 
 game and fish in all parts of the 
 territory; the moderate tempera- 
 ture of the climate ; the reliability 
 of the elements which make out- 
 door excursions admissable all 
 through the summer and camping 
 out a luxury not generally permit- 
 ted; the existence of medicinal 
 springs; the grand old mountains 
 with their canyon streams, all com- 
 bine to make Utah a very attractive 
 quarter of the globe. Add to these 
 attractions those which are found 
 in the growth of cities and indus- 
 tries; the facilities for traveling, 
 and the many events associated 
 with the history of the people who 
 pioneered the territory, and to 
 whose courageous hearts and un- 
 tiring efforts is maicly due the 
 present wide spread prosperity and 
 and the promises held out by the 
 future, and it will be difficult to re- 
 call a locality where there are at- 
 tractions, the extent and variety of 
 
8 
 
 which, offer greater inducements to 
 tourists. Person and property are 
 as absolutely safe as anywhere. 
 During th principal portion of the 
 year the climate is delightful, 
 and while it is not as per- 
 fect as some, the dry pure air 
 is laden with the germs of no 
 disease. The atmosphere invigor- 
 ates, brightens and has a salutary 
 effect on numerous ailments com- 
 mon to more thickly populated 
 localities. Our mineral springs, 
 though they do not enjoy famous 
 reputations, are nevertheless as 
 health-giving as those which have 
 attained world-wide celebrity. In 
 some respects the springs of Utah 
 have material advantages over many 
 of great note: while not disagree- 
 able to the taste, and affording relief 
 for many ailments, they also recom- 
 mend themselves tor their refresh- 
 ing effect upon bathers. All attrac- 
 tions are of easy access, even those 
 hidden in the mountain recesses. An 
 attempt to picture the evanescent 
 beauty of the mountains in autumn, 
 the grandeur of the evening sky with 
 its manif oldcloud-towers of gorgeous 
 hues, the effects of light and shade, 
 the reflections of the sinking sun 
 cast from the tinted trees and shrubs 
 on mountain and hill, serve only to 
 show how limited are human powers 
 and how painful is the poverty of 
 language to express that which the 
 eye beholds on all sides, and which 
 displays in marvelous wonder and 
 magnificence the works of the Great 
 Father. 
 
 To do justice to so comprehensive 
 a subject as this, and develop all 
 that could be said recommending 
 Utah as a place for permanent 
 homes, would require what might 
 be termed a poetical inventory of 
 the resources of the territory. Such 
 a treatment would transcend the 
 limits of an essay and assume the pro- 
 portions of a volume, and yet con- 
 tain nothing superfluous. But from 
 what has already been so briefly and 
 desultorily set forth, some idea of 
 the brilliant outlook for the future 
 may have been obtained. Within 
 the borders of Utah exist in untold 
 abundance resources which invite 
 the foundation of manifold indus- 
 tries, all ensuring wealth to judici- 
 ous management. Not only do these 
 promise to supply the demands that 
 may be made upon them for cen- 
 
 turies by our own inhabitants, but 
 they foreshadow large exportations. 
 We have all that our sister terri- 
 tories have and much that many do 
 not possess, or possess in quan- 
 tities that will justify extensive 
 utilization. Being centrally lo- 
 cated, the day will come when ad- 
 joining territories will purchase 
 from us that which they are them- 
 selves unable to produce or manu- 
 facture. The reliable airricultural 
 basis of the territory ensures cheap 
 food, and consequent reasonable la- 
 bor; and these, with the fast in- 
 creasing railroad facilities now ex- 
 tending in all directions, will war- 
 rant an encroachment upon the 
 pursuits of those who have hitherto 
 compelled us to pay tribute for 
 labor which could have been per- 
 formed as well, as readily and at 
 less expense, by ourselves. With 
 every extension and advance of 
 railroad facilities comes a saving to 
 the people, which can be invested 
 in new directions and assist in de- 
 YJoping new industries. 
 
 As the territory becomes older; 
 as her villages and cities enlarge; as 
 her industries extend, and as her 
 mines develop her attractions will 
 increase. The attractions of nature, 
 so far as we know* have ex- 
 isted forever. But they are 
 enhanced by the advances of civili- 
 zation, and Utah will always re- 
 main a country whose attractions 
 will compel the presence of tourists 
 and those in search of health. 
 While the canyons last, her waters 
 will be cool and refreshing; while 
 the mountains remain, her atmos- 
 phere will be pure ; life will sparkle 
 in the stream, and health be borne 
 upon the breeze. 
 
 Charitable institutions already 
 exist and are increasing, and means 
 for the dissemination of knowledge 
 are ample. Schools are within the 
 reach of all. Institutions of charity 
 and of learning keep pace with the 
 requirements of the people. A spirit 
 of progress is abroad. It has a seat 
 in every mind, a home in every 
 heart. 
 
 The idea of home is that of rest. 
 Unless security of person and prop- 
 erty exist; unless the peace and 
 quiet of industry prevail, there 
 never can be felt the influence of 
 home. That the people of Utah 
 are ind .istrious none will, none can 
 
9 
 
 deny ; and when this is admitted it 
 cannet be gainsaid that they are 
 peaceable, for an industrious people 
 are always peaceful ; that they are 
 contented, for a peaceful people are 
 always contented; that they are 
 happy, for a contented people are 
 always happy. If the influence of 
 peace and the love of home exist 
 anywhere, they exist in Utah, and 
 in this sense, at least, no place can 
 outrival Utah in the inducement 
 she offers for those in search of per- 
 manent homes.- 
 
 In the light of all these facts how 
 broad and promising are the pros- 
 pects for the future! Does it require 
 any unjustifiable stretch of fancy to 
 urge the imagination forward 
 
 through a portion of the coming 
 years and there behold a territory 
 whose valleys are filled with fields 
 of golden grain ? "Whose mountain 
 slopes are made green by the en- 
 croachments of the husbandman V 
 Whose mines, developed with un- 
 erring skill, yield honest returns for 
 honest labor? Whose cities are 
 large and beautiful ? The hum of 
 whose extensive, varied and perma- 
 nent industries may be heard 
 through all the land V Whose people 
 are industrious, prosperous, intelli- 
 gent and contented ? While erer all 
 the spirit of love, of kindness and 
 ot charity whispers "on earth peace, 
 ood will toward men V" 
 
 RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH, 
 
 As Inviting the Attention of Tourists and Those Seeking 
 
 BY O. J. HOLLISTER. 
 
 GENERAL VIEW. 
 Area, Topography. Utah Ter- 
 ritory lies in the latitude of Mis- 
 souri, about two-thirds of the way 
 from St. Louis to San Francisco. It 
 embraces fifty-four million acres 
 of land. Only that which can be 
 artificially watered is really arable. 
 The Wasatch Mountains intersect it 
 from north to south, dividing it into 
 two substantially equal parts. Of 
 the part lying east of this range and 
 drained by the Green and "Colorado 
 rivers and their tributaries little 
 use has yet been made. It is moun- 
 tainous, its valleys are a mile above 
 tide-water, it has some arable and 
 considerable grazing land, with ex- 
 tensive coalfields lying along the 
 southern slope of the Uintah and 
 the eastern slope of the Wasatch 
 ranges. The settlements are few 
 and small. The Denver & Kio 
 Grande Western is now construct- 
 ing a railroad through it, joining 
 
 Colorado and Utah, which will 
 make it accessible and its resources 
 available. 
 
 2. Settlements. The settled part 
 lies along the western base of the 
 Wasatch Mountains, between them 
 and Salt Lake and Lake Utah, in 
 Cache, Sanpete and a score of val- 
 leys; wherever indeed a stream 
 flashes into the sunshine from the 
 gloom of mountain gorge, is caught 
 and trailed in a thousand rills upon 
 the thirsty land. Salt Lake Basin 
 extends from beyond Nephi to Bear 
 River Gates, two hundred miles. It 
 includes Salt Lake and Utah Lake, 
 has the general altitude of the Alle- 
 ghany Mountains, and is the para- 
 dise of the farmer, the horticultur- 
 ist, and the fruit-grower. Cache 
 Valley lies to the northeast, San- 
 pete Valley to the southeast, of Salt 
 Lake Valley. They are noted grain- 
 producing sections, but having 
 colder winters and shorter seasons 
 are not so well adapted to fruit- 
 
10 
 
 growing as Salt Lake Basin. The 
 Sevier River rises in Panguitch 
 Lake, far south, and flows north- 
 ward, finally breaking out of the 
 mountains and losing itself in the 
 sink of Sevier Lake. Its upper 
 course is settled, wherever tribu- 
 taries enter from adjoining moun- 
 tain ranges. 
 
 8. The Desert. The western third 
 of Utah is mountain, desert, sink, 
 and lake, with few oases of graz ng 
 or of possible arable - land. In the 
 northern part of the Territory the 
 Wasatch is high and massive, there 
 is great accumulation of snow in 
 winter, and the streams are corres- 
 pondingly large and numerous. In 
 the southern part the Range is lower 
 and less in mass, it is warmer and 
 there is little snow, smaller and 
 fewer streams, and more desert in 
 proportion. The isolated ranges in 
 the Great Basin give rise to no 
 streams of importance, and the val- 
 leys are largely desert. But all the 
 mountains appear to be full of min- 
 eral ores, and there is usually water 
 enough to mine and reduce them. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 4. Statistical. In the lower val- 
 leys the climate is mild and salubri- 
 ous. The atmosphere is dry, elastic, 
 transparent, and bracing. The tem- 
 perature compares favorably in re- 
 spect of equability with that of the 
 country at large, and certainly with 
 that of adjacent Territories. The 
 following table gives the annual and 
 seasonal mean temperature; its 
 maximum, minimum, and range; 
 the annual and seasonal rainfall, 
 percentage of moisture, and 
 number of days on which there 
 is precipitation all being the mean 
 of the eight yearsl873 1880, obser- 
 vations at United States Signal 
 Service Station, Salt Lake City : 
 
 Seasons 
 
 Winter. 
 Spring ... 
 Summer. 
 Fall 
 Annual... 
 
 Temperature. 
 
 Precip. ; 
 
 Me'nj Max.! Mini R. 
 
 34.3 i 51.3 i "5 43.1 
 48.4; 75.8 i 25 3! 60.6 
 67.4! 95.4 : 48.1! 47,3 
 61.2: 74.4 ': 29.0i 45.4 
 50.3= 74.2 : 27.6146.6 
 
 Pr Ct: In. JDs 
 
 67.4 : 4^15 1 30 
 454 : 674:38 
 29.5 : 2.06!12 
 4?.2 : 4.00:18 
 46.4 16.96:98 
 
 Mean of highest thermometer for 
 eighteen years, 97.4; lowest, 3.8; 
 extremes 104*, 10. Average daily 
 variation of temperature, 13; 
 monthly, 46 ; mean temperature of 
 
 four hottest months at 9 o'clock, p. 
 m., 57 ; humidity in summer, 70 per 
 cent, less than saturation ; precipi- 
 tation nearly one-half the average 
 east of the One HundredthMeridian ; 
 mean air pressure at Salt Lake City, 
 25.63 inches; water boils, 204.3; 
 average velocity of winds, 5^ miles 
 an hour, against eighteen on the 
 ocean. 
 
 5. The Seasons. The spring opans 
 in March, the atmosphere becomes 
 clear as a dew drop, deciduous trees 
 burst into leafy bloom, and the green 
 of the valleys pursues the retiring 
 snow-line up the mountain slopes. 
 The summer is pleasant in its on- 
 set, accompanied by fragrant airs 
 and full streams. Springs of sweet 
 water, fed largely from the surface, 
 bubble forth everywhere. But as 
 the season advances the heat in- 
 creases, the winds become laden 
 with dust, the storms are dry, the 
 springs fail or become brackish from 
 concentration of their mineral salts, 
 the streams run low, and vegetation 
 parches unless artifically watered. 
 Still, from the rapid radiation at the 
 earth's surface, the nithts are agree- 
 ably cool and give strength to meet 
 the heat of the da\s. In October 
 the air clears up again as in spring, 
 and the landscape softens with the 
 rich colors of the dying vegetation, 
 which reaches up the mountain 
 sides to their summits in places ; but 
 on them the gorgeous picture is 
 soon overlaid by the first snows of 
 approaching winter. The fall is de- 
 lightful and generally lingers 
 nearly t the end of the year. 
 
 6. Sanitary Advantages. The 
 dry air and slight rainfall peculiarly 
 adapt Utah to that out-of-door liv- 
 ing, tramping, and camping which 
 so quickly renovates a broken-down 
 nerve apparatus, and through that 
 all organic processes. Pure water 
 and wholesome food are abundant 
 in all the valleys. One has a choice 
 of altitude ranging between forty- 
 three hundred and ten thousand 
 feet above the sea, access to mineral 
 springs with remedial qualities for 
 many ills, and in Salt Lake Basin, 
 containing 60 per cent of the popu- 
 lation, the ameliorating influences 
 of twenty-five hundred square 
 miles of salt water. Hardly any 
 form of disease originates or pro- 
 ceeds to the chronic stage in the 
 Territory, and upon many who come 
 
11 
 
 here diseased, mere residence has a 
 very beneficial effect. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL. 
 
 7. Arable Land. Nearly ten 
 million acres of public land have 
 been survejed in Utah. The area 
 of arable l*nd is governed by the 
 amount of water available for irri- 
 gation. Calculating the duty of one 
 cubic foot pr j r second at one hun- 
 dred acres, the streams will water 
 fifteen hundred thousand acres. The 
 land farmed without irrigation (one 
 third) and what may be watered 
 from springs and wells would swell 
 this to three million acres, of which 
 perhaps one-tenth is under fence. 
 
 8. Irrigation Generally, irri- 
 gation cannot be dispensed with. It 
 involves preliminary outlay and the 
 labor of applying the water, but 
 renders the cultivator independent 
 of the weather in seeding and 
 harvesting, and enriches the soil by 
 the deposit of salts and earths from 
 the irrigating waters. Standard 
 crops require but two or three w ater- 
 ings. The smaller streams have 
 been utilized, but their full capa- 
 city, df veloped by good engineering, 
 has not been brought into requisi- 
 tion. 
 
 9. Products, Yield. All the crops 
 of the latitude are grown ^n Utah 
 with success. The following table 
 is from the census returns of 1S80 - 
 crop of 1879 which was thirty- 
 five per cent below the average 
 
 Grain, bus. 
 
 Acres la. 
 
 Pr Acre 
 
 Total Yield. 
 
 Wheat.... 
 Oats 
 Barley 
 Corn 
 
 72964 
 19'439 
 11,244 
 12,166 
 1 143 
 
 16 
 
 21 * 
 19 K 
 lf 
 
 8% 
 
 1,167,968 
 417,938 
 216535 
 164.244 
 9719 
 
 Buckwheat 
 
 28 
 
 16 
 
 448 
 
 The snow and rainfall during the 
 twelve months which made this 
 crop, namely, October, 1678, Sep- 
 tember, 1879, was 35.28 per cent, less 
 than the average of the eight years 
 1873-1880, and the grain crop of that 
 year was proportionately less than 
 the average precipitation and pro- 
 duction are so intimately connected. 
 
 Counting one hundred thousand 
 acres in hay, fifteen thousand in 
 miscellaneous crops,ten thousand in 
 fruit, we have two hundred and 
 forty- two thousand acres under cul- 
 
 tivation. There are nearly ten 
 thousand farms. 
 
 10. Unoccupied Land. Improved 
 land is worth twenty-five dollars to 
 one hundred dollars an acre, accord- 
 ing to location. Although one-half 
 of the arable land has been entered, 
 nine-tenths of it is yet unimproved. 
 Its settlement i^better undertaken in 
 colonies than individually .Irrigating 
 channels can usually be made with 
 plow and scraper, each land-owner 
 contributing his quota and having 
 perpetual right to his proportional 
 use of water at the additional cost 
 for repairs. Under the desert land 
 law a person is entitled to pre-empt 
 six hundred and forty acres, pay- 
 ing one-fifth down and the rest in 
 three years provided he bring water 
 on the ground. 
 
 11. fruit. The climate and 
 soil of Salt Lake Basin are peculi- 
 arly adapted to fruit-growing. The 
 trees are vigorous growers and 
 generous bearers ; fruits large, fair, 
 arid fine flavored; the crop remark- 
 ably sure. The higher valleys, 
 having shorter seasons, are less 
 tavorable for fruit-raising. In the 
 south, on the Rio Colorado, grapes 
 do well and wine-making is a grow- 
 ing industry. The climate resem- 
 bles that of Southern California, 
 where cotton, tobacco, oranges, and 
 semi-tropical products generally, 
 are successfully cultivated. Apnle 
 orchards bear one hundred bushels 
 per acre; smaller fruits somewhat 
 more ; grapes, five tons. 
 
 12. Timber. There is a fair sup- 
 ply of timber for ordinary rough 
 use.^ The valleys are bare of trees, 
 but the mountains are quite well- 
 wooded. The best trees produce 
 lumber practically although not 
 technically clear. Red pine and 
 black balsam are the most lasting 
 woods. The people cannot acquire 
 title to wooded land, but they me 
 the timber, paying- stum page under 
 certain circumstances. Rough lum- 
 ber is worth twenty-five dollars per 
 thousand; flooring and finishing 
 lumber is imported and costs forty- 
 five dollars. 
 
 13. Pasture, Stock. There is 
 much land on mountain slopes and 
 river terraces which cannot be irri- 
 gated and yet is not cut off from 
 water. The native bunch grass is 
 second in quality only to the buffalo 
 and gramma grasses 'of the Plains. 
 
12 
 
 It grows in the most barren spots, 
 cures standing.retaining its nutrient 
 qualities, and has a pyriform seed, 
 very fattening. In Salt Lake Basin, 
 and southward, stock in general 
 winter without fodder ; in the more 
 elevated valleys north they require 
 food and shelter, and the stock-raiser 
 does well who provides these against 
 emergencies anywhere. Ordinarily 
 a iive-y ear-old steer, worth twenty- 
 rive dollars, is produced at a cost of 
 five dollars. The yearly drive out- 
 ward is estimated at forty thousand 
 head, worth six hundred thousand 
 dollars. By cultivating lucerne, 
 practicing ensilage, and pushing 
 things, this out-turn might soon be 
 increased ten-fold The strain of 
 blood in cattle, horses, and sheep 
 has been greatly improved in recent 
 years. 
 
 14. Sheep, Wool. There are 
 probably six hundred and seventy- 
 live thousand sheep in Utah, shear- 
 ing two million seven hundred 
 thousand pounds of wool, part of 
 which ranges with the best Cali- 
 fornia wool; part is inferior. One- 
 fourth of it is manufactured in the 
 Territory. It realizes to the pro- 
 ducer about twenty cents. Sheep 
 are worth two-and-a-half dollars, as 
 they run, require no feed or shelter 
 in winter, are not liable to disease, 
 and yield an annual profit of 40 per 
 cent on cost. Many are driven in, 
 and out, yearly. 
 
 15. Conclusion Agriculture is 
 in a comparatively primitive state 
 in Utah. Wheat, flour, potatoes, 
 eggs, butter, chickens, seeds, dried 
 fruit, beef and mutton on foot, and 
 wool, are exported, but their vaflue is 
 counterbalanced by nearly ten 
 thousand tons of corn, oats, beans, 
 cheese, hams, bacon, lard, sugar, 
 syrup, currants,raisins, wine, starch, 
 crackers, mustard, tobacco, canned 
 meats, fruits and pickles yearly im- 
 ported, hardly one of which need be. 
 This indicates the scope Utah farm- 
 ing offers to capital, enterprise, and 
 skill. There is enough water and 
 rich land, the home demand is great 
 and prices stiff enough to make 
 agriculture, instead of mining, the 
 prime industry. It should not need 
 to bring food for man or beast to 
 Utah. 
 
 MINING. 
 
 16. Product, Area Mining began 
 in Utah in 1870. The out-put has 
 
 been fifty-six million dollars, lead 
 silver, and gold. Ttie yearly pro- 
 duct averages six million dollars, 
 The mining area is co-exten- 
 sive with the mountains. Mines 
 have been found in every county. 
 There are eighty mining districts, 
 embracing five million acres, Many 
 are now abandoned, but with better, 
 facilities of intercommunication 
 and more experience in reducing 
 ores, they will be revisited and 
 work resumed, not again to cease. 
 
 17. Productive DistrictsThese 
 are popularly known as Park City, 
 the Cotton woods, American Fork, 
 Stockton, Bingham, Tintic, Frisco, 
 and Silver Reef. The great mine at 
 Park City is the Ontario, in quartz- 
 ite; pay four feet thick by twelve 
 hundred feet long, ore milling 
 one hundred dollars a ton; finely 
 equipped and dead work kept well 
 ahead ; product to date, ninety-two 
 hundred thousand dollars; divi- 
 dends paid, thirty-seven hundred 
 thousand dollars; no signs of ex- 
 haustion ; lowest (6oO-foot) level the 
 best. The Marsac Company has 
 mines, a mill and smelter here ; the 
 McHenry Company a mine and 
 mill; there is a great mine in Pinyon 
 Ilill, and many other prospective 
 mines, eight of which are being 
 opened and employ steam machin- 
 ery. 
 
 18. The Cottonwoods, Bingham, 
 Sandy, Tintic. The mines of the 
 Cotton woods.of BinghamCanyonand 
 Stockton, all accessible from Salt 
 Lake City by rail and semicircling the 
 city within thirty miles, ship their 
 ores to Sandy and lose their indi- 
 vidual out-put in that of the smel- 
 ters all but the Stewart, the 
 Jordan, and Stewart No. 2 at 
 Bingham, which have mills and 
 vast bodies of ten-dollar gold 
 quartz. At Sandy and vicinity 
 are the Mingo, Germania, and Han- 
 auer smelters, the , Germania refin- 
 ing lead also, whose united monthly 
 product averages sbout eight hun- 
 dred tons of base bullion, worth one 
 hundred and twenty-five thousand 
 dollars. At Tintic, the Mammoth, 
 a vein forty feet thick breaking 
 through the limestone across its 
 bedding and producing one-hundred 
 thousand dollars per annum, is the 
 leading mine. The Tintic Mining 
 & Milling Company is a steady 
 bullion producer. The Eureka Hill 
 
18 
 
 mine ships its ores to Sandy. 
 
 19. Frisco, Silver Reef. At 
 Frisco, the Horn silver, after much 
 preparatory work, including erec- 
 tion of steam hoisting works, ex- 
 tension of Utah Central Railway to 
 mine, and building five stacks at 
 Francklyn, near Salt Lake, is ready, 
 to begin paying a long series of divi- 
 dends. The pay chimney is fifty- 
 feet wide by one hundred yards 
 long ; the capacity of the mine and 
 furnaces is at least a quarter of a 
 million per month. The Frisco 
 Company has one stack here and 
 the Cave and Carbonate mines. It 
 turns out about twenty-five thous- 
 and dollars monthly. At Silver 
 Reef, the Christy, Stormont, Leeds, 
 and Barl.ee & Walker companies 
 produce together a million in tine- 
 bullion annually. A mill has just 
 started near Ogden, and one is being 
 erected at Marysvale. From the 
 long continued development of cer- 
 tain mines, the building of new 
 mills and reduction works, and the 
 extension of railroads, there is a 
 certainty of a large increase in the 
 mineral out-put of Utah in the near 
 future. 
 
 COAL, IRON, OTHER MINERALS. 
 
 20. Coal, Iron. The great coal- 
 field of Utah is in the Wasatch 
 Range, acd high up on its eastern 
 acclivity. *It extends nearly the 
 length of the Territory. There are 
 thousands of square miles plenty 
 for age,s. It is a lignite, like the 
 other Western coals, and like them 
 will no doubt make fair cpke. 
 Save -the spathic.all the ores of iron 
 occur in Utah everywhere, the 
 heaviest and richest deposits in Iron 
 County. Hematites and magnetites 
 crp'p out there in a belt t\yo miles 
 wide and sixteen long in great 
 masses. One called "The Blowout" 
 contains three million tons standing. 
 Professor ^tewberry, after analyz- 
 ing, says many of these deposits are 
 first-class Bessemer ores. Water 
 and coal are plenty and convenient, 
 and wood for charcoal. Important 
 iron deposits occur at Tintic, in 
 Cache Valley, about Ogden, and in 
 other localities. 
 
 21. Other Minerals. The entire 
 basin of Utah has been a laboratory 
 where the primitive processes of 
 nature were long active. Amongst 
 the results, aside from silver, gold, 
 
 lead, iron, and coal, are sulphur, 
 gypsum, red and yellow ochres, salt, 
 mineral wax, soluble salts, man- 
 ganese, antimony, bismuth, copper, 
 zinc, arsenic, cobalt, cinnebar, mica, 
 molybdenum, brick and fire days, 
 fatty, potter's, and porcelain days, 
 and firestone. Granites, sandstones, 
 and limestones for building, occur 
 in profusion, and marble in great 
 variety, some kinds taking a high 
 polish. Antelope Island affords 
 fine beds of green and royal purple 
 slate of good quality. Volcanic pro- 
 ducts, and fossils of all the forma- 
 tions abound. 
 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 22. Product. The manufactures 
 of Utah have grown from $:iOO,000 
 in value in 1850, to $5,000,000, in 
 1880. The chief items are flour, 
 rough and finished lumber, leather, 
 boots and shoes, harness and sad- 
 dlery, woolen fabrics, yarn and 
 hosiery, charcoal, brick, lime, beer. 
 There are a hundred flour mills, 
 more saw mills, twenty tan- 
 neries, twenty boot and shoe 
 factories, woolen mills with 
 five thousand spindles, ten furniture 
 factories, two foundries. The manu- 
 facture of bullion from ores, em- 
 ploying one hundred and fifty 
 stamps and a score of smelting 
 stacks, doubles the above value, 
 making it ten millions easy. 
 
 23. Opportunities, Iron. It is 
 believed that Utah affords un- 
 equaled facilities for the manufac- 
 ture of iron. The materials abound, 
 labor and supplies are cheap, there 
 is an ample market-the entire Pa- 
 cific Coast and .it is far enough 
 from iron-making Europe and 
 America to preclude their moving 
 their product here and selling it 
 cheaper than it can be produced 
 here. The works should be calcu- 
 lated to reduce the ores and to 
 manufacture all kinds of iron and 
 steel. 
 
 24. Metallurgical Works. Prob- 
 ably four-fifths of the ores in the 
 Rocky Mountains are neglected for 
 want of proper metallurgical works 
 in this valley, equal in capacity and 
 appliances to treating them. With an 
 establishment possessing the means 
 and skill to separate all the metals 
 from their gangues, however com- 
 bined therewith, an incalculable 
 stimulus would be given to mining, 
 
14 
 
 which in turn would deluge the re- 
 ducing works with various and rich 
 ores. The manufacture of drugs 
 and chemicals, of oils, paints, pig 
 and sheet lead, shot and lead pipe, 
 wouH naturally grow out of such 
 works. 
 
 25. Other Manufactures. Three- 
 fourths of our wool-clip goes East to 
 be manufactured and then returned 
 to u,s, while the mills work on half- 
 time, because the business lacks 
 capital, classifying or specializing. 
 The best woods for furniture, 
 wagons, and agricultural imple- 
 ments are not native. Nor are the 
 tan barks, but we shall soon tan 
 leather without barks. With cost 
 of moving raw material East and 
 product back as a protection, lead 
 and its products, and all woolen and 
 leathern fabrics needed by Utah, 
 might be profitably made here. The 
 products of our line clays, marble 
 and slate beds, have the cost of one 
 carriage across the continent as pro- 
 tective tariff. There is one paper 
 mill in operation, there should be 
 ten. Mulberry trees and silkworms 
 do well in Utah, and silk spinning 
 and weaving machinery is being 
 introduced. These and other 
 branches of manufacture offer lib- 
 eral inducements to the enterpris- 
 ing investor. 
 
 RAILROADS AND TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 26. Railroad System. Utah has 
 seven hundred and fifty inil^s of 
 railroad in operation, four hundred 
 and fifty in process of construction, 
 and as much more projected, dupli- 
 cating the excellent system of Terri- 
 torial and county roads, three thou- 
 sand miles in length. Generally 
 speaking, the railroad system con- 
 sists of a north-and-south trunk 
 line, three main transverse lines, 
 and branches into the mining can- 
 yons and coal fields. The Union 
 and Central Pacific roads, meeting 
 at Ogden, giving Utah important 
 advantages from the competition 
 between East and West, stretch 
 across the northern part of the Ter- 
 ritory. The Utah & Northern, be- 
 longing to the Union Pacific, runs 
 northward from Ogden through 
 Cache Valley, eighty miles in Utah,- 
 and into the heart of Montana, in- 
 tersecting the Northern Pacific en 
 route. The UtahCentral, controlled 
 by the Union. Pacific, runs south 
 
 from Ogden through Salt Lake City 
 to Milford, two hundred and sixty- 
 five miles, with connecting roads to 
 Bingham, Alta, Pleasant Valley. 
 and a branch to Frisco. The road 
 to Pleasant Valley belongs to the 
 Rio Grande. The Utah & Nevada 
 iruns from Salt Lake City westward 
 via the Lake shore to Stockton, and 
 belongs to the Union Pacific. A 
 branch from the Union Pacific at 
 Echo runs to Park City. The Utah 
 Eastern parallels the latter from 
 Coatvilleto Park City. 
 
 27. Roads Building. The Den- 
 ver & Rio Grande Western is ex- 
 tending the Pleasant Valley road 
 via Salt Lake City to Ogden, and 
 eastward to Grand River, to meet 
 the Rio Grande building westward. 
 Same company is building from 
 Salt Lake City to Park City to con- 
 nect with the Utah Eastern. The 
 Sanpete Valley road will soon be 
 completed from NephJ to the Wales 
 coal mines. The Utah Central will 
 be extended to Iron Springs in the 
 near future, connecting there with 
 the California Central, running 
 (when built) direct to San Francisco, 
 and also to the Rio Colorado to meet 
 the Atlantic & Pacific from Albu- 
 querque, and the Texas Pacific from 
 El Paso. The Union Pacific is 
 building the Salt Lake & Western 
 from Lehi southwestward through 
 Tintic.to connect with the California 
 Central on the California State line. 
 Other very important roads in and 
 through Utah have been determined 
 upon by powerful corporations. 
 When they are completed, every 
 part of Utah will be easily acces- 
 sible, and we shall have choice of 
 competing lines East and West. 
 
 TRADE AND COMMERCE. 
 
 28. Business Statistics. Before 
 the completion of the overland rail- 
 road, the imports aM exports of 
 Utah did not exceed twelve thou- 
 sand tons per annum. Since that, 
 they have averaged nearly twelve 
 times as much ; two-thirls imports, 
 one-half incidental to mining. The 
 value of the yearly imports and ex- 
 ports is not far from sixteen million 
 dollars. Jobbers and retailers do a 
 yearly business of ten million dol- 
 lars. Perhaps three and one-half 
 millions are engaged in trade ; most 
 of it is done by a few houses. The 
 heaviest is Zion's Co operative Her- 
 
15 
 
 cantile Institution, of Salt Lake 
 City, which, with its brandies at 
 Ogden and Logan, imports one third 
 of all the merchandise used in the 
 Territory. It has eight hundred 
 stockho ders, and a cash capital of 
 seven hundred "and fifty thousand 
 dollars. There is a co-operative in- 
 stitution in nearly every settlement, 
 buying of the big institution at Salt 
 Lake City, and selling to it the 
 country produce they take in for 
 goods, but they are not branches. 
 They have' thousands of stock- 
 holders, and most of the people 
 patronize them. .Fifty insurance 
 companies carry four hundred thou- 
 sand dollars insurance on buildings, 
 and perhaps fifteen hundred thou- 
 sand on merchandise in stock, re- 
 presen ing, it is estimated, three- 
 fourths of its average value. There 
 are one national and ten private 
 banks, with an aggregate* capital of 
 eight hundred thousand dollars; 
 average deposits, two millions; 
 average loans, fifteen hundred thou- 
 sand, drawing twenty-five millions 
 exchange yearly. 
 
 29. Revenue, Taxes. There are 
 no debts on accouni of railroad con- 
 struction. The revenue law is lib- 
 eral. Bates of taxation are three 
 mills for Territorial, and three for 
 school purposes ; counties may levy 
 in their discretion not more than 
 six ; towns are restricted to five for 
 ordinary expenses, five for opening, 
 improving, and keeping in repair 
 the streets; while they are all em- 
 powered to tax in their discretion to 
 provide water and water works. 
 Real estate is directly taxed upon 
 assessment of value. Mines are 
 exempt, but improvements on mines 
 are not. Personal property, although 
 owned by non-residents, is taxed if 
 within the Territory. From tax- 
 able credits, debts are allowed to be 
 deducted. Stocks of incorporations 
 whose property is taxable, are 
 exempt. Taxable property, twenty- 
 five millions. In no other State or 
 Territory are the taxes so mod- 
 erate. 
 
 30. Advantages. The location of 
 Utah must always give it important 
 advantages. It is in the heart of the 
 Rocky Mountains, moderate in alti- 
 tude, with a fine climate, rich, well- 
 watered valleys, mineral ranges 
 wooded and affording limitless pas- 
 turage and water power, sustain- 
 
 ing a mixed industry, traversed by 
 the natural routes of trade and 
 travel, rapidly tilling with people. 
 As the channels of intercourse be- 
 tween the surrounding young com- 
 monwealths necessarily stretch 
 across Utah, the tide of popu'ation 
 and business prosperity, rising in 
 these, must correspondingly rise in 
 our Territory like water seeking its 
 level. Yearly our people more and 
 more engage in mining, smelting, 
 lumbering, stock raising, speculat- 
 ing, whatnot, beyond the Territorial 
 limits. Yearly our trade, drawn by 
 ever-extending railroads, finds new 
 channels, broadening and expanding 
 on every hand the theater of its 
 operations and influence. Commer- 
 cial pre-eminence among the future 
 great mountain States is easily 
 within the grasp of Utah's business 
 men. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 31. School System. An annual 
 Territorial tax of three mills is levied 
 for ordinary school purposes, and 
 the school district trustees may levy 
 such a tax, not exceeding thirty 
 mills per annum, as may be thought 
 necessary for school purposes, if ap- 
 proved by two-thirds of the voters 
 of the district at a meeting called 
 for the purpose. There are near 
 three hundred arid fifty district 
 schools; nominal value of school 
 proper i y, four hundred thousand 
 dollars; children between six and 
 sixteen, thirty-five thousand ; en- 
 rollment, sixty-five per cent.; at- 
 tendance, foriy per cent.; two terms 
 of twelve weeks each year, one of 
 them paid for by tuition fees, which 
 average four dollars a term. 
 
 32. Other Schools, Churches. 
 These comprise the Deseret Univer- 
 sity, Brigliam Toung Academy, 
 about thirty private and forty mis- 
 sion schools, with five thousand en- 
 rolled pupils, one hundred thousand 
 dollars' worth of school property, 
 and paying salaries aggregating 
 sixty thousand dollars a year. Tui- 
 tion in the mission schools is eight 
 dollars a term. They are graded, 
 and really primary schools, although 
 the teachers rank with high-school 
 teachers. The Deseret University, 
 Brigham Young Academy, and 
 about six of the mission schools may 
 be called high schools. Utah affords 
 the ordinary religious and educa- 
 tional facilities of the Territories. 
 
16 
 
 Oue has choice of Protestant ser- 
 vices in the principal towns of nor- 
 thern Utah. The Mormons, who 
 constitute four-fifths of the popula- 
 tion, have nearly two hundred build- 
 ings for public worship, exclusive of 
 the Great Tabernacle at Salt Lake 
 City, the temple at St. George, and 
 the temples building at Manti, Salt 
 Lake City and Logan. Their ordi- 
 nary churches are plain, but no ex- 
 pense is spared on the temples. 
 
 ATTRACTIONS. 
 
 33. Salt Lake City Of pleasure 
 resorts in Utah Salt Lake City ranks 
 first. Enjoying a delightful climate 
 and goo "I markets, amply laid out, 
 embowered in trees, it is connected 
 by rail with every point of interest 
 in the Territory. There are warm 
 medicinal springs in the suburbs. 
 Prom Fort Douglas, perched like a 
 white bird on the plateau above, 
 the Jordan Valley, the city, and 
 Salt Lake lie spread out under the 
 eye, a pretty picture. From the 
 city the Wasatch Kange presents a 
 mountain view of unsurpassed 
 interest. 
 
 34. Salt Lake. The American 
 Dead Sea is reached by rail from the 
 city in forty minutes. Containing 
 some twenty pe^ cent, of solid mat- 
 ter, chiefly "salt, with no outlet, 
 studaed with mountain islands, 
 destitute of life, having a rise and 
 i'all resembling a tide whose period 
 is an unascertained series of years, 
 it is a great novelty. The southern 
 shore affords fine bathing. In July 
 and August it is deliciously warm, 
 its density sustains the swimmer,- 
 the exercise, the stimulus of the 
 brine, the f resdoin from danger, the 
 crowds, all combine to make it ex- 
 ceedingly pleasant and beneficial. 
 
 35. Medicinal Springs, Canyons. 
 Utah abounds in mineral springs. 
 The Warm Springs at Salt Lake 
 City, the Red Springs near Ogden, 
 Soda Springs (in Idaho) have been 
 improved, and are frequented by 
 many with great benefit. All the 
 
 larger streams have their Alpine 
 valleys in the Wasatch and their 
 canyons where they break out. To 
 enjoy these one must have a 
 camp outfit, his own conveyance 
 and time, saddle .horses, v hunting 
 and fishing tackle, all the para- 
 phernalia of the tourist and 
 sportsman. To such there is small 
 use iu pointing out attractive local- 
 ities, since the Range is full of them. 
 From the lakes of Big Cottonwood 
 short excursions may take in Par- 
 ley's Park, Park City, Alta, and 
 mountain heights which command 
 magnificent views. The succession 
 of wild gorge and wooded vale make 
 American Fork Canyon exceed- 
 ingly attractive. Utah County has 
 a fine sheet of sweet water with 
 grassy borders and full of trout. 
 One passes hence up the Sevier to 
 Panguitch Lake, two miles above 
 sea, a noted summer resort. Be- 
 yond is the Rio Colorado Plateau 
 burrowed deep by streams from far 
 off mountains, a" dreary, ill-looking 
 country but not without grandeur. 
 36. Summing up. The physical 
 features of Utah, mountain, desert, 
 and salt sea, are peculiar and of 
 perennial interest. The Territory 
 has, the resources of an empire. Its 
 climate is pleasant and healthful. 
 The main routes of inland com- 
 merce traverse it. Its valleys are 
 ! fertile, its mountains full of mineral 
 ! ores. Its farms and mines are con- 
 I tiguous. Every stream makes a 
 j way for a railroad. Labor and food 
 I are cheap. No better mines or 
 facilities for working them are 
 known anywhere, no better market 
 for the farmer. There is .unlimited 
 water-power, and a fine field for 
 manufacturing. Timber, coal, iron 
 and building stone are plenty. One 
 hundred and lii'ty thousand hardy 
 and industrious people are on the 
 ground. No State or Territory of- 
 fers greater inducements to the en- 
 terprising capitalist, artisan, laborer 
 or farmer. 
 
RESOURCES AND- ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH, 
 
 As Inviting the Attention of Tourists and Those Seeking 
 Permanent Homes, 
 
 BY S. A. KENNEK. 
 
 Those commonwealths are most 
 lasting which are built up slowly, 
 steadily, and on a sure foundation. 
 Exotic growths are ever ephemeral 
 and unstable. The history of the 
 world is prolific of instances show- 
 ing that governments which have 
 risen in a day have fallen in a night, 
 while those whose periods of exis- 
 tence cover a multitude of success- 
 ive generations, have had small be- 
 ginnings, difficult progress, and ad- 
 verse circumstances thronging their 
 career from the sum ise to the noon- 
 day of their histories; and when 
 they reached the pinnacle of their 
 power and began the descent of the 
 declivity leading to decay, dissolu- 
 tion did not come at once ; but like 
 man, in the fulness of his manhood 
 they proceeded upon the downward 
 road with measured tread and mod- 
 erate pace by reason of the very 
 strength which brought them to it. 
 
 The Territory of Utah has exhibi- 
 ted in all the stages of its existence 
 the elements of an inland empire, 
 whose greatness though constantly 
 expanding, still remained in the 
 future, its achievements in the 
 direction of insular importance are 
 largely exceeded by its probabilities, 
 and these are dwarfed into insignifi- 
 cance by its possibilities; Its growth 
 so far from depleting its resources 
 or diminishing its strength does but 
 add to its power and its greatness. 
 Originally one of the most uninvit- 
 ing of all the barren spots upon the 
 face of nature, with nothing but the 
 superficial area and the great diver- 
 
 sity in the character of its waters to 
 excite even attention ; now as fair a 
 vision, as fruitful a field and as 
 busy a common-wealth as any 
 within the confines of our Nation a 
 land teeming with the wealth of 
 mines and mills, of fields and factor- 
 ies, of gardens and granaries, of in- 
 dustries and enterprises, and still 
 comparatively undeveloped, still 
 containing beneath the surface of 
 its soil, resources whi,>h are destined 
 to enrich and happify millions yet 
 unborn. 
 
 A perusal of the history and sta- 
 tistics of Utah, is the best basis 
 upon which to erect a conclusion as 
 to what it will be hereafter. Orig- 
 inally, the least attractive of all the 
 commonwealths ; with a soil produc- 
 ing nothing that could be reduced 
 to use by those who first settled 
 upon it; with rainfalls so unfre- 
 quent that they v ere not to be con- 
 sidered ip connection with means of 
 cultivation ; with extremes of tem- 
 perature ; with no foliage save that 
 which appeared here and there in 
 the narrow rock-ribbed gorges of the 
 Wasatch mountains; with fuel at 
 great distances from places where 
 habitation was possible, and a 
 points all but inaccessible ; with no 
 nearer supply points than the scat- 
 tered fragments of civilization on 
 the Pacific coast, and with com- 
 munication from all sources practi- 
 cally cut off with all these inhos- 
 pitable and forbidding conditions 
 composing the nucleus of the Utah 
 to-day, who will venture to deny 
 
18 
 
 that within the borders of our Terri- 
 tory exist those elements of power 
 and prosperity which improved 
 make nations grand and nations' off- 
 spring great? 
 
 Month succeeds month and year 
 follows year, until we find ourselves 
 to-day, thirty-five years after the 
 vanguard of civilization entered the 
 Great Basin, in the enjoyment of 
 all the developments of modern 
 civilization. The magic wand of 
 progress has touched these once bar- 
 ren and desolate fastnesses, and we 
 behold in lieu of the dreary and 
 monotonous wastes, fruitful fields, 
 smiling gardens, and happy homes. 
 All of the country that meets our 
 view wherever we turn our eyes has 
 been metamorphosed as with the 
 magic wand of the enchanter. We 
 no longer see arid and unproductive 
 stretches of land vast in extent, 
 domiciles incapable of excluding the 
 elements, or people habited in the 
 rude garb enforced upon them by 
 exclusion from society; we see in- 
 stead fruitful farms teeming with 
 the products which at once give life 
 to man and to commerce; as com- 
 fortable, commodious and tyappy 
 homes as can be found in any part 
 of the globe, and a people inhaling 
 with every breath that pure air of 
 freedom and independence that 
 grows and flourishes in the moun- 
 tain tops, within whose changeless 
 presence we may behold the nucleus 
 of nations yet to come, of perma- 
 nence and strength to our owrt.the 
 greatest and grandest of them all. 
 
 Progress has waved its magic 
 sceptre over tY\e T.-rritory of Utah 
 and we no longer behold the rude 
 huts of the savages, the monotonous 
 array of barren vegetation or arid 
 stretches of soil unfurrowed by the 
 handiwork of the husbandman ; we 
 see in their stead the all-powerful 
 sway of the genius of civilization. 
 We turn to the east, the west, the 
 north or the south, and as faras the 
 eye can reach it rests upon scenes of 
 domestic) tranquil ity firmly planted 
 upon the soil which then knew no 
 restraint and no cultivation. We 
 see a hundred happy and prosper- 
 ous communities, some of them 
 amounting to the dignity of cities, 
 where the arts? the sciences and the 
 industries flourish ; tlxe sound of the 
 church-going bell has supplanted 
 the blood-curdling war-whoop of 
 
 the savage ; the bison and the wolf 
 have given way to the horse and the 
 ox ;the lightning wires penetrating 
 to every nook and corner of the Ter- 
 ritory have surperseded the signal 
 fires of 'he aborigines; and the irtm 
 bands linking point to point, stretch 
 out in all directions and unite us in 
 bonds as strong as the metal of 
 which they are com posed with every 
 part of the continent. 
 
 This is the Utah of to-day, carved 
 out of mateiial than v/hich none 
 were ever more rebellious or un- 
 yielding. The brunt of the con- 
 net has been borne, the struggle 
 with unwilling elements is mainly 
 in the past, and with the present so 
 productive and the future so prom- 
 ising, we contemplate the Utah of 
 the future wijth confidence and 
 pride. 
 
 History is barren of incidents in 
 which greater strides have been 
 made by the same number of peo- 
 ple within a corresponding time 
 and with as stubborn conditions to 
 contend with. Once we were sup 
 posed to be destitute of geological 
 resources; now we occupy a front 
 rank among the wealth producing 
 mineral regions. The mines of Utah 
 are now so extensive as to defy 
 enumeration in as brief an essay 
 as this, and their wealth is no 
 longer a tale to captivate the ear of 
 the drifting adventurer or the grasp- 
 ing speculator, but a solid tangible 
 reality, and the best is not yet. 
 Within the gorges and crevices of 
 the everlasting 'hills in whose 
 shadows we live are perhaps greater 
 and more numerous abodes of 
 wealth than have ever yet disgorged 
 their treasures unto the gaze of man, 
 awaiting the incursive pick of the 
 miner backed by the substantial 
 aid of the capitalist, they repose 
 within the bosom of the earth, each 
 succeeding day drawing us nearer 
 and nearer to the time when they 
 will emerge into the sunlight and 
 add to the substantial wealth of our 
 Territory. The output of bullion, as 
 shown by actual statistics, increases 
 continually; new discoveries are a 
 daily occurence ; and the more the 
 caverns of the earth are drawn upon 
 for their stores of mineral wealth, 
 the more productive and prolific 
 they seem to be. From a section 
 holding no place whatever among 
 the auriferous and argentiferous 
 
19 
 
 portions of the country, we have 
 stepped into the front rank, and our 
 march is still onward. 
 
 It was originally thought that the | 
 soil of Utah was incapable of pro- j 
 ducing either cereals or fruits in I 
 such quantity and of such quality | 
 as would afford support even to the 
 pioneers; but how far this idea fell 
 short of the actual situation, the 
 state of affairs the first and every 
 year after that time bears unim- 
 peachable witness to. From plains 
 supposed to be barren, bounteous 
 harvests are reaped at each recurr- 
 ing season, and the greater the yield 
 the more promising the. source 
 whence it comes. In a word, we 
 have sprung from the lowest depths 
 of barrenness to the topmost height 
 of fruitf ulness almost at . a bound ; 
 and the prospect once entertained 
 only as a vague and misty dream, 
 that our population might one day 
 be bountifully suppled without re- 
 course to our neighbors on the east 
 or west, has not only been realized 
 but surpassed ; we have not only an 
 abundance of our own but some to 
 spare every^season, and the rate of 
 increase of sustenance exceeds that 
 of population, showing that instead 
 of agriculture being a mere hope 
 for subsistence, it has become a 
 feature in our political economy 
 second to none. It forms one of 
 pur principal sources of traffic, the 
 importance of which can no more 
 be measured than a few years ago it 
 could certainly be predicted. It has 
 not dawned upon us all at once, as 
 did the mining resources of our Ter- 
 ritory, but has grown with a steady 
 stalwart growth exceeding the de- 
 mands of the times, and laying the 
 foundation of a substantiel pros- 
 perity whose vastness we can never 
 over-estimate. In fact, to build up 
 real and lasting prosperity in a com- 
 munity, the mineral and agricultu- 
 .ral resources and developments 
 must go hand in hand ; one should 
 not be so extensive as to cause the 
 people to lose sight of the other; for 
 while agriculture supplies th<3 
 miner with such necessaries as are 
 indispensable to the well-being of 
 the man and the successful prose- 
 cution of his work, we find by the 
 law of reciprocity, that the miner 
 furnishes the agriculturist with the 
 means of facilitating business and 
 procuring other necessaries and 
 
 comforts in the shape of coin of the 
 rea m. We. thus find these great 
 branches of human industry, each 
 dependant on the other for actual 
 prosperity,coequal in existing impor- 
 tance and promise for future re- 
 sults within the valleys and gorges 
 of our Territory, and the grand re- 
 sults to which unitedly, they may 
 yet lead us, is a matter of conject- 
 ure; judging by experience how- 
 ever, we may safely conclude that 
 the mystic future as it unfolds it- 
 self year by year will disclose unto 
 us still greater and grander benefits, 
 bounties and blessings than ever' 
 the history of the^iast warrants us 
 in looking forward^." 
 
 Utah is the Nation's child of 
 destiny. Coming into the brother- 
 hood an alien, with many things 
 'against it and but little in its favor, 
 it has grown step by step, into pop- 
 ular recognition, and is now in most 
 material respects, the favored child, 
 Its once forbidding features have 
 been subdued, its innate good 
 qualities cultivated and all its 
 natural, points trained in the direc- 
 tion of useful and honorable mem- 
 bership in the galaxy of common- 
 wealths which compose the Re- 
 public of the United States. 
 
 To the man in search of a home 
 beyond the crowded cities* and com- 
 munities of the east, Utah offers ad- 
 vantages and facilities equaled by 
 few and excelled by none. Here is 
 ample scope for the exercise of any 
 and all the inclinations and gifts 
 common to mankind. Agriculture, 
 "the most useful, honorable and 
 healthful" of all the occupations, is 
 nowhere more profitably or success- 
 fully conducted; mining, a legiti- 
 mate and wealth-producing indus- 
 try, finds in Utah an inexhaustible 
 field, one in which more and greater 
 wealth has been obtained for the 
 number of men actually engaged in 
 it, the amount of time occupied in 
 * developments, the capital invested 
 and the extent of work performed, 
 than perhaps in any other part of 
 the world in any age; mercantile 
 pursuits flourish even in our small- 
 est villages, the proportion of traffic 
 to population being fully equal to 
 that of any other part of the Union ; 
 mechanism finds its patrons at pro- 
 fitable rates on every hand ;while the 
 arts.tke sciences and the profesions 
 have their earnest and able votaries 
 
whose labors receive a full meed of 
 appreciation at every point within 
 our boundaries. Where.verwe may 
 look, be it to the east, the west, the 
 north or the south, civilization aided 
 by the substantial productions of 
 mankind and strengthened by the 
 fostering hand of the genius of pro- 
 gi ess "soars phoenix-like to Jove." 
 The press, the telegraph, the rail- 
 road the grandest achievements of 
 modern science, and the ones com- 
 paratively unknown to many of the 
 settlers where, within the brief 
 period of a generation, have they 
 obtained a firmer or more extensive 
 footing than in our own Territory ? 
 At an average altitude of 5,000 
 feet above the sea level ; with 
 breezes impregnated with the life- 
 giving emanations from our. own 
 inland ocean ; with all the severe ex- 
 periences of frontier ]jf e overcome" 
 and dwelling only in the past; with 
 every device of modern civilization, 
 looking to the well-being of man in 
 our midst, with occupation suited 
 to the tastes and experiences of all ; 
 with all the garnered treasures of 
 nature awaiting development at the 
 hand of the toiler; with a cosmo- 
 politan population of 150,000 souls, 
 ready and willing to receive among 
 its numbers the upright and indus- 
 trious representatives of whatever 
 tongue or clime ; with law and let- 
 ters swaying and protecting the 
 
 multitude who would ventuie to 
 say that Utah is not the ideal place 
 wherein mankind may find a' nome 
 no less inviting than secure? There 
 is ample room for at least ten times 
 our present numbers, with resour- 
 ces sufficient to secure wealth to 
 some and prosperity to all. So here 
 in the Great Basin, sheltered and 
 shadowed by the serrated, rock- 
 ribbed peaks which emerged from 
 the earth's interior before the time 
 of our common parent we stand a 
 community of witnesses to the" 
 truth of the assertion that industry 
 guided by intelligence and strength- 
 ened by faith will convert the 
 most hopeless wastes into the most 
 fruitful fields, the most stubborn 
 conditions into those the most 
 yielding,and make of the forbidding 
 paths of life avenues delightful 
 and inviting. We move along 
 grandly in the noble march of hu- 
 man progress, our sweep of pro'sper- 
 ity unmeasured save by the strength 
 and willingness of our hands ; with 
 honorable competancy in possession 
 and boundless wealth in prospective 
 we await the hour when Utah, with 
 the bright star of sovereignty gleam- 
 ing upon her breast, will take her 
 place among the independent States 
 of the American Union. 
 "The eastern nations sink, their glory 
 
 ends; 
 An empire rises where the sun descends." 
 
WALKER BROTHERS 
 
 AS A. RESULT of a very successful 
 trade in the BOOT AND SHOE DEPARTMENT, 
 we have decided to increase our stock and 
 facilities, and make this line a special fea- 
 ture. 
 
 We are well acquainted with the re- 
 quirements of this section, and are AHEAD 
 OF ALT, COMPETITION in our advantage as pur- 
 chasers. We are confident of our ability to 
 secure a large and appreciative circle of 
 patrons. 
 
 We have already a fine stock, and are 
 constantly receiving all the staple novelties 
 in GENTS', LADIES' and CHILDRENS' WEAR^ 
 so that we can show an unrivalled variety, 
 
 Our prices will be, of course, as in the 
 past, a great inducement to purchasers, who 
 have Only to express their wants, and we 
 will supply them under a guaranty of satis- 
 faction in every instance. 
 
 Our stock of General Merchandise is, 
 as usual, complete in all departments. 
 
 WALKER BROTHERS 
 
FURNITURE, 
 
 Osirristg-es, 
 
 Linoleums, Oil Cloths, 
 
 WINDOW .SHADES, LACE CURTAINS, 
 LAMBREQUINS. 
 
 I. illWOODIf , 
 
 1238 to 1244 First South Street, 
 SALT LAKE CITY. 
 
 CITY, 
 
 WHOLESALE 
 
 RETAIL 
 
 Staple aid Fancy 
 
 GROCERIES. 
 
 HEAVY & SHELF 
 
 FARMING IMPLEMENTS, 
 
 MINERS' SUPPLIES 
 
 AND 
 
 Howe's Platform and Counter Scales, 
 
 Agents for Laflin & Rand's 
 
 SPORTING & BLASTING POWDERS, 
 
 Particular Attention Paid to Orders 
 
DAVID JAMES, 
 
 WJ9 
 
 1 
 
 III 
 
 ^^^j^^rg' 
 
 I carry always a Large Stock of 
 
 Iron and Lead Pipes, Hose, 
 
 Iron and Brass Fittings, 
 
 Marble Ware and Sheet Lead. 
 
 
 I am also Sole Agent for Utah for the Celebrated 
 
 n on 
 
 mtlt 
 
 Suitable for all places. It is the Finest Venti- 
 lator and Heater ever invented. 
 
 f tariff farritd 1 
 
 iw$ &s 
 
 D. JAMES, 
 
 EAST TEMPLE STREET. 
 Next door to HERALD Office. 
 
AND 
 
 PRINCIPAL HOTELS 
 OF UTAH. 
 
 EAST TEMPLE STREET, 
 
 ionfifteffta! Hotel, 
 
 WEST TEMPLE STREET, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 4| . . 4ik f 
 
 cut fl'ntcs 0! i lodib 
 
 ftem /ftjttfi, i&gl&ad, 
 
 aacf Swltzert&sd. 
 
 We invite the Public, from City and Country, 
 to call and inspect our Magnificent Stock oj 
 Goods, especially selected ivith a vicv.' for thr 
 ensiling year in each of the following 
 
 DEPARTMENTS : 
 
 Silk, Satin, Plush, Velvet and Brocade, 
 
 French and Domestic Dress Goods, 
 
 White Goods and Table Linen, 
 
 Flannel and Domestic, 
 
 Lace Curtain, Bed Set and Tidy, 
 
 Cloth, Cassimere and Cloaking", 
 
 Ladies' and Children's Dolman and Cloak. 
 
 Ladies' and Children's Fur, Shawl and Skirt. 
 
 Ladies' and Children's Shoe and Slipper, 
 
 Gents' and Boys' Boot and Gaiter, 
 
 Fancv Goods and Ladies' Neckwear, 
 
 Hosiery, Lace and Passamenterie, 
 
 Ladies! and Misses' Knit Underwear am? 
 
 Corsets, 
 
 Gents' and Boys' Clothing-, 
 Gents' and Boys' Hat and_Cap, 
 Gents' and Boys' Furnishing Goods, 
 Carpet and House Furnishing, 
 
 Blanket and Quilt 
 Millinery, at Whc 
 
 holesale Only. 
 
 Each of the atove Departments is Folly Beprese&ted ic 
 oar Wholesale Stock. 
 
 O US 'PRICES COMPETE WITH ANY 
 
 MARKET EAST OR WEST, 
 
 FREIGHT A1>DEI>. 
 
 Samples Sent on Application 
 
 and 
 Honorable Treatment Guaranteed. 
 
 \. IUERB1CH & 
 
ANOTHER ESSAY ON UTAH. 
 
 UTAH is in America. This seems not to be generally understood. 
 Some Mormons seem not to understand this; so do some Gentiles. 
 The chief products of Utah are babies, religious differences and 
 big mines. The country is full of people who want all the rights that 
 the law allows them, and in addition, all those of their neighbors. This 
 state of affairs, of course, never fails to produce harmony ; but more money 
 would be made if it were otherwise. Politicians and wild-cat specula- 
 tors are particularly anxious about the morals of Utah. Some are so 
 zealous in their desire to suppress the peculiar institution that they assert 
 their willingness to take a dozen wives each, rather than to allow the 
 Mormons to further demoralize themselves. There are a large number of 
 people who seem determined to increase the commercial importance of 
 the Territory. So earnest are they that they buy goods and never even 
 think of payment. Utah is headquarters for "cranks." The soil and 
 climate seem to be especially adapted to the development of the crop 
 Some years since little attention was paid to other than one of the lead- 
 ing varieties. Latterly, as the result of importation, we can show a full 
 line and an elegant assortment. We have the "crank religious," the 
 ''crank official," the "crank moral," the '-crank regenerator," the "crank 
 expert" and the "crank personal." The "crank personal" is his own worst 
 enemy ; the "crank expert" is chiefly used for befuddling jurors, and he 
 sometimes causes us to doubt the wisdom of Providence, as we are forced 
 occasionally to doubt it or him ; the "crank regenerator" is very unpopu- 
 lar at present; the "crank official" is too numerous; the "crank moral" is a 
 hybrid offspring of the cranks "personal," "regenerator" and "religious ;" 
 the "crank religious" is, perhaps, the most amusing of all. His first 
 primer lesson was in relation to turning the other cheek, but he seems to 
 have remembered nothing but the last word of the lesson, and developed 
 into its personification. This class of crank presents "cheek" whichever 
 way he turns; and if we did not absolutely know that he was a follower, 
 indeed, a duplicate, of the "meek and lowly one," we should never sus- 
 pect it. One of these latter has consecrated himself, conditionally, to the 
 task of closing up all liquor establishments inside of thirty days. 
 
 THEREFORE, George A. Meears, 11, 13, 15 Second South Street, 
 opposite the postoffice, will sell Cigars, Liquors, Ales, Wines, etc., both 
 Wholesale and Retail, at unusually low rates, for the next thirty days 
 never mind the date. The Business Sample Room, in connection, 
 will be run at high pressure for the same length of time. The 
 South Pole Saloon and Rifle Gallery, 135 Main Street, and the 
 Oreedmoor Rifle Gallery, 25 Second South Street, (side-shows of the 
 above concern), will also respond to the central impulse. Go and see how 
 they work. Selah ! 
 
LIFOfflift 
 iBEWEBK, 
 
 Emigration Canyon. 
 
 ALE AND PORTER. 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 
 
 Office 
 
 JDepot: 
 
 77 and 19 Second S*.uth Street, 
 
 1MX& CITY, 
 
 F!NF IFWFfRY 
 
 illt UlL.WtLli I . 
 
 iby & 
 
Zioz's fo-opei&tiw 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. 
 
 EAGI/E HOUSE 
 
 SB 
 . Jr. 
 
 Importers and Wholesale and Retail 
 Dealers in 
 
 Tlu Brut Simlv Inn. 
 
 it, 
 
 We invite attention to our Larg-e and 
 Caretullv Selected Stock of 
 
 Hardware, 
 Glassware, 
 Stationery, 
 
 Clothing, 
 
 Notions, Furnishings, 
 
 Boots and Shoes, 
 
 Leather & Findings, 
 Tinware, 
 
 Hats and Caps, 
 
 CARPETS, UPHOLSTERY GOODS, 
 
 And 
 
 HOUSE FURNISHINGS. 
 
 TJO-S.-i- 
 
 Sl TEKINTEXDEXT. 
 
 Qgdea, and 0gss, 
 Seda Springs, Ids he. 
 
 Stock Constantly Replenished 
 
 With Everything in Season. 
 
 SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN AND WINTER 
 
 GROCERIES, 
 
 HARDWARE, 
 
 ftUEENSWARE, 
 
 And an IMMENSE STOCK of 
 
 GENTS' & BOYS' CLOTHING. 
 
 CLOSE BUYERS FOR CASH AVIL T 
 HAVE STRICT ATTENTION 
 AND PRICES GUARAN- 
 TEED AT 
 
 S. P. Teasdel's, 
 
 M STCHUA1T LUB COT, 
 
CEITIU BMICI HOUSE, 
 
 The Largest, Finest and Best Assorted Stocks of 
 
 ORE CARTS, ORE WAGONS, 
 
 Sleds, Farm Carts, Etc 
 
 Wje JrJTjuilcL to Special O?^der any Size :/ 
 Style of Vehicle. 
 
 WE MAKE IT A POINT TO SELL LOW. 
 
 Write to the Central Branch House for Heading- Matter or Descripti\e 
 
 Catalogues. Any desired information will he promptly 
 
 furnished on application to 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. 
 
 JAMES B. GLASS, - - Manager. 
 

 l_tinomuuin 
 Pamphlet 
 
 Binder 
 Gaylord Bros. 
 
 Makers 
 Stockton, Calif. 
 
 PAT. JAN 21, 1908