PERSONAL 
 RECOLLECTIONS 
 
 JOHN M. PAVER 
 
 First Lieutenant Company C 
 and Regimental Quartermaster 
 Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry 
 

WHAT I SAW 
 
 FROM 1861 TO 1864 
 
 PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS of 
 
 JOHN M. AVER 
 
 ist LIEUTENANT COMPANY C, and 
 R. Q. M. 5 th OHIO VOL. INFANTRY 
 
 
20TH CORPS 
 
 5TH OHIO 
 
 INFANTRY 
 
 CINCINNATI 
 1861-1898 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 INTRODUCTION Page 11 
 
 CHAPTER I Page 13 
 
 Political Condition. Election of Lincoln and Hamlin. 
 Organization. Three Months Organization. Three 
 Years. 
 
 CHAPTER II Page 21 
 
 Departure from Camp Dennison. Arrival at Clarks 
 burg. Expedition to Oakland. Encampment at 
 Parkersburg. Expedition to Buckhannon. French 
 Creek. Romney. 
 
 CHAPTER III Page 26 
 
 Detail for Recruiting Service. Return to Regiment. 
 "On to Richmond" Pope Campaign. 
 
 CHAPTER IV Page 31 
 
 Battle Cedar Mountain. Retrograde Movement. 
 
 CHAPTER V Page 33 
 
 Reconnoissance to Winchester. Reconnoissance to 
 Charlestown. Mud March to Dumfries. Skirmish 
 with Stuart s Cavalry. 
 
 CHAPTER VI Page 40 
 
 Return to Virginia. Ocean trip to New York. 
 Western Trip. 
 
 CHAPTER VII Page 46 
 
 Veteranization. Leaving Bridgeport. Arriving at 
 Cincinnati. Re- organization at Camp Dennison. 
 Return to the Front. New Sutler. 
 
 M229951 
 
CHAPTER VIII Page SO 
 
 Forward Movement 1864. Change in Corps Organi 
 zation. Battle of Mill Creek, Ga. Battle of Resaca, 
 Ga. Capture of Four Gun Battery. Death of Col. 
 Patrick. 
 
 CHAPTER IX Page 54 
 
 Final Remarks. Correspondence. 
 
 FOX S REGIMENTAL LOSS Page 56 
 
 COPY OF CERTIFICATE Page 59 
 
 TRANSCRIPT FROM WAR DEPARTMENT Page 60 
 
 ADDRESS . . . Page 63 
 
 Reunion Regiment, 1898. 
 
 ADDRESS Page 71 
 
 Encampment Union Veteran Legion, National Mili 
 tary Home, Dayton, O., January, 1895 
 
 ADDRESS Page 77 
 
 Encampment Union Veteran Legion, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 October, 1895. 
 
 ADDRESS Page 80 
 
 George H. Thomas Post 17, Department Indiana, 
 G. A. R., 1887. 
 
 ADDRESS . Page 88 
 
 Encampment Union Veteran: Legion, 1895, Lafay 
 ette, Ind. 
 
 THE STORY OF THE MUSTER ROLL Page 96 
 
 Written for the Indianapolis News on the occasion of 
 the Dedication of the Indiana Soldiers and Sailors 
 Monument, May 15, 1902. 
 
1904 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Notwithstanding the years that have passed, my experience as 
 a Soldier in the War of the Rebellion retains its interest. Taking 
 into consideration that my memory will be a little defective, it 
 will not be my purpose to write of any incident that I did not 
 personally see or experience. 
 
 I do not claim any merit as a writer, nor have I made any 
 study in that direction. To state the movements of Armies or 
 Corps, give descriptions of battles, submit reports of losses, etc., 
 I will leave to writers who have made it an object to write as His 
 torians. My services were diversified, being, for the greater part, 
 on detached or special duty. 
 
 I am not a graduate of any college, although my parents made 
 an effort to have me sent, when I was a young man, to an Epis 
 copal College, at Gambier, Ohio, probably thinking that I would 
 be a good subject for the Ministry. This failed and all I claim 
 is a common school education. I was born in Cincinnati, O., on 
 the 1 4th day of July, 1839. 
 
 My father was an Englishman ; my mother was of German 
 descent, and I presume I inherited my military spirit from my 
 father, who, as I can recollect when quite a small boy, was a 
 member of one of the early militia companies of Cincinnati. As 
 a relic of his time and services to the State, I have in my posses 
 sion a silk officer s sash, and which, I wore during my service 
 in the Union Army. 
 
 Previous to this year, 1905, I have been constantly and actively 
 engaged in the "whirlpool" of busy business life, and now, after 
 many years of activity, I have retired from this daily commotion, 
 and transferred my business to my two sons, both energetic, com 
 petent, capable and reliable business men, so that my retirement 
 will make study a pleasant pastime, and the writing of my Recol 
 lections agreeable. 
 
In writing, I may make some errors in dates, but the statements 
 as an eye witness, I make from the store house of my brain. I 
 shall not attempt to relate any individual acts of bravery or hero 
 ism. When hostilities commenced, I was a clerk in the freight 
 department of the C., H. & D. R. R. Co., in Cincinnati, Ohio. I 
 have no knowledge of any other employe enlisting at the same 
 time I did. I had no aim for rank, or military glory, a desire 
 only to be a part of the great Union Army, to save to the Country 
 the free government bequeathed to us by our forefathers. 
 
 To write one s personal observations and experiences during a 
 period now far in the past, is an undertaking which may fail be 
 fore the final chapter is written. To think, and put down on 
 paper what one thinks, in an intelligent and comprehensive man 
 ner, is no small task after so many years. Forty-one years have 
 passed since the closing scenes of the conflict between the North 
 and the South, which were prominent in the minds of the sur 
 vivors of that great army of men, clad in blue. 
 
 The sixty-seventh mile stone of my life has nearly been reached, 
 and in this time, much has been seen and experienced. A sol 
 dier s life during the War of the Rebellion was one of trials, joys 
 and sorrows. To preserve the memory of the experiences 
 through which I passed during the war, and to furnish my pos 
 terity and surviving comrades with some record of my faithful 
 ness to the "Old Flag," is the object of this article. The sur 
 vivors of the War of the Rebellion never tire of telling stories or 
 hearing them told when they come from actual participants, but 
 a recount from some paper or "book soldier," is never appre 
 ciated. 
 
 JOHN M. PAVER. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS, April 2nd, 1906. 
 
1861 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 POLITICAL CONDITION ELECTION OF LINCOLN AND HAMLIN OR 
 GANIZATION THREE MONTHS ORGANIZATION THREE YEARS. 
 
 The political conditions of the Country the year preceding the 
 commencement of the war (1860) were of such a character and 
 in such an unsettled state that the most unsuspecting youth could 
 not but exhibit nervousness. The great question of slavery had 
 rent asunder the friendly relations that had existed for years be 
 tween the North and South. Some preparations in anticipation 
 of a conflict had already been made in Washington during the 
 year. 
 
 In February, 1861, Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin 
 were, by the Electoral votes cast, declared President and Vice- 
 President of the United States for four years, and were inaugu 
 rated March 4th, 1861. Their election caused the secession of 
 many of the southern States and an attempt to destroy the Union. 
 Finding that nothing but a resort to arms would satisfy the South, 
 the President accepted the issue and made his first call for sev 
 enty-five thousand men for three months service. This call was 
 made April 15, 1861. Ohio s quota was 10,153. There were 
 furnished, however, 12,357 men. 
 
 Some of the States were in a better condition from a military 
 standpoint than Ohio. The military contingent was very defi 
 cient. Cincinnati and some other cities had a few company or 
 ganizations, made up more for dazzling beauty and parade than 
 actual service. To one of these the writer was attached. 
 
 The Cincinnati Rover Guards, a very old organization, had 
 been sworn into the State service some time previous to my be 
 coming a member. The year 1861 was one of activity for the 
 "Rovers." The first company had been ordered to assemble at 
 Columbus, Ohio, to join other companies from other cities in the 
 
State and was there assigned to a command that proceeded to 
 Washington and took part in the first Battle of Bull Run. 
 
 The second Company of "Rovers" of which I was the First Or 
 derly Sergeant, and afterwards Second Lieutenant, was ordered 
 to camp, April 2oth, 1861, mustered in May 8th, for three months, 
 and with other companies, assembled at the Fair Grounds just 
 outside of Cincinnati, which was afterwards known as Camp Har 
 rison. Here we put in our first days as actual soldiers in Uncle 
 Sam s service, drilling and equipping ourselves for more arduous 
 work. The general opinion among the boys was that it would 
 only be a "PICNIC" on a large scale, at Uncle Sam s expense. 
 
 I remember those recruiting days very well. The first com 
 panies were made up of picked men ; picked because they showed 
 most enthusiasm. The inspiration was there. The sound of the 
 fife and drum stimulated them to good work in drilling and 
 marching. At Camp Harrison, we were assigned, with nine 
 other companies, to an organization which was afterwards known 
 as the 5th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and mustered into 
 the three months service on May 8th, 1861. 
 
 After the ten companies had been mustered in, there came the 
 election of officers to command the regiment. I might say that 
 before the election of regimental officers our company elected the 
 following : 
 
 Captain Henry E. Symmes 
 
 First Lieut Theo. A. Startsman 
 
 Second Lieut John M. Paver 
 
 and we were known as Company "C." 
 
 The result of the election of regimental officers was as follows : 
 
 Colonel Samuel H. Dunning 
 
 Lieut. Col John H. Patrick 
 
 Major Charles L. Long 
 
 Surgeon Alfred Ball 
 
 Assistant Surgeon Charles Greenleaf 
 
 Adjutant William Gaskill 
 
 R. Q. M Caleb C. Whitson 
 
 Sergeant Major Augustus Moonert 
 
 Q. M. S William Tomlinson 
 
 Hospital Steward William F. Tibbals 
 
 Principal Musician Thomas Davis 
 
 We remained at Camp Harrison until May 23rd, 1861, and were 
 then ordered to Camp Dennison, a new camp, located on the 
 
 14 
 
Little Miami Railroad (now part of the Pennsylvania System) 
 about sixteen miles east of Cincinnati. Here we remained, con 
 tinuing our drilling, and getting better equipped for active field 
 duty. The 5th Ohio was very popular with the citizens of Cin 
 cinnati, being known as a strictly City Regiment. Our march 
 from Camp Harrison to Camp Dennison was a perfect ovation. 
 The route was over the hills and through Cliffton, entering the 
 city at Sycamore street, descending here, making an imposing 
 appearance in our marching, although our uniform appearance 
 was not so creditable. We had not, up to this time, been fur 
 nished with our "Blue Clothing." 
 
 Remembering very well that just before we reached the top 
 of Sycamore Street hill the command was .given, "Arms at will," 
 at which, by pre-arrangement, each soldier was to place his mus 
 ket across his shoulders, and in "open order" making it have a 
 "regular and unique" appearance, and in this way, we marched 
 jmany squares through the heart of the city. It not being gen 
 erally known over what route or at what time the regiment 
 would pass through, many wives, mothers, sisters and fathers 
 were keenly disappointed by not seeing us on our march to the 
 depot. Nevertheless, the streets were crowded and many were 
 the "Good Byes" and "Farewells" given us. 
 
 Before our three months of "Picnic" service had expired, it be 
 came very evident on the part of our Government that soldiers 
 for a longer period were needed, and a demand was made upon 
 us that we should enlist for three years. This demand was the 
 cause of considerable dissatisfaction. Some officers and many of 
 the enlisted men declining to re-enlist and much difficulty was 
 experienced in getting a full quota to enable us to be mustered in 
 for three years. 
 
 This reorganization brought about many changes in the com 
 panies, as well as the Regimental officers. The quota was finally 
 completed, and the regiment was mustered into the three years 
 service on June 20, 1861. The new organization was officered 
 as follows : 
 
 Colonel Samuel H. Dunning 
 
 Lieut. Col John H. Patrick 
 
 Major William Gaskill 
 
 Surgeon Alfred Ball 
 
 Assistant Surgeon C. J. Bellows 
 
 Chaplain S. L. Yourtee 
 
 15 
 
Colonel Dunning resigned after the battle of Port Republic, the 
 resignation taking effect August 2, 1862. 
 
 Lieut. Colonel Patrick, promoted to Colonel August 2, 1862, 
 was killed at Pumpkin Vine Creek, Ga., May 25, 1864. 
 
 Major Gaskill resigned January 19, 1862. 
 
 Surgeon Ball, mustered out June 20, 1864, at expiration of term 
 of service. 
 
 Assistant Surgeon Bellows, resigned Sept. 10, 1862. 
 
 Chaplain Yourtee, resigned May 25, 1862. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Captain Jacob A. Remley 
 
 First Lieut Geo. H. Whitcamp 
 
 Second Lieut Robt. H. Barrett 
 
 This company was made up chiefly of young men from the 
 vicinity of Central Avenue, Liberty and Wade Streets, Cincin 
 nati, who had formed a military company previous to the calling 
 for troops, and was part of an organization known as The "Con 
 tinental Battalion." 
 
 The Captain resigned April 30, 1864. 
 
 First Lieut, resigned April 26, 1862. 
 
 Second Lieut, resigned August 16, 1861. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Captain Robert L. Kilpatrick 
 
 First Lieut John C. McDonald 
 
 Second Lieut Hugh Marshall 
 
 The officers of this Company were originally members of the 
 "Cincinnati Highland Guards," an organization of Scotchmen, 
 who had some experience in drilling. The enlisted men were of 
 a miscellaneous nationality and contained some very tough char 
 acters, who gave the officers much trouble. Captain Kilpatrick, 
 having seen service in the British Army, was a very severe dis 
 ciplinarian and handled his men accordingly. Had he been other 
 wise, it is a question whether he would have been successful. One 
 particular man, known as "Scotty" was hard to control, and a 
 dangerous man. 
 
 The Captain was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, January 8, 
 1863. 
 
 First Lieut, was promoted to Captain, August 13, 1862. 
 
 Second Lieut, was promoted to First Lieut., March IT, 1862, 
 and appointed Adjutant, July 24, 1862. 
 
 16 
 
COMPANY C. 
 
 Captain Henry E. Symmes 
 
 First Lieut Theo. A. Startsman 
 
 Second Lieut John M. Paver 
 
 The officers of this company were original members of the Cin 
 cinnati Rover Guards, which had among its membership some of 
 the very best young men in the city. Regardless of our extreme 
 care in selecting "recruits" we picked up one or two bad char 
 acters, from which kind no company was free. Particular men 
 tion of this calls to mind one Samuel S. Pierpont, who had openly 
 proclaimed that he would kill the officers of his company before 
 the war was over. This man was insubordinate in the extreme, 
 and for months was kept in prison. The opinion prevailed that 
 he was mentally unbalanced. On one occasion this man was a 
 part of the detail for picket duty, and it fell to my lot to be the 
 officer for that outpost. I was in great suspense during the 
 whole time of our picket duty. I had been cautioned by some of 
 my company to be on the alert. Pierpont was severely wounded 
 at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9th, 1862, taken to the hos- 
 uital, and was finally discharged February 27th, 1863. Both 
 Captain Symmes and myself felt very much relieved after this be 
 came known. I cannot close this little synopsis without refer 
 ring briefly to our own Captain. 
 
 H. E. Symmes was an extraordinary man, a lineal descendant 
 of President Zachary Taylor, whose term of office as President 
 of the United States was only sixteen months. From my first 
 acquaintance with him, he attracted me by his military spirit, and 
 every development of his character indicated his nobility. He 
 was a close student in the art of war, born to command, always 
 showing an earnestness of purpose, severely temperate and of un 
 daunted courage. He was promoted to Major, March 29th, 
 1863, and died July 9, 1864, from wounds received in the Battle 
 of Kennesaw Mountain, June 29th, 1864. 
 
 First Lieut, promoted to Captain, March 19, 1862. 
 
 Second Lieut, promoted to First Lieut., April 26, 1862, and ap 
 pointed R. Q. M. June 23, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Captain Robert Hays 
 
 First Lieut Robert Logan 
 
 Second Lieut Robert Kirkup 
 
 17 
 
The officers and a number of the men of this company were 
 known as the original Cincinnati Highland Guards, a company of 
 Scotchmen. My observations of this company were that it was 
 made up of good material and was faithful during the service. 
 
 Lieut. Robert Kirkup remained constantly with the company, 
 receiving merited promotions to Captain, and Colonel. He was 
 wounded at Cedar Mountain, recovered and returned to his com 
 mand. 
 
 The Captain resigned May 25, 1862. 
 
 First Lieut, resigned March n, 1862. 
 
 Second Lieut, was promoted to First Lieut., January 9, 1862 ; 
 promoted to Captain, August 2, 1862 ; Lieut. Colonel, September 
 26, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Captain George B. Whitcomb 
 
 First Lieut Louis C. Robinson 
 
 Second Lieut William N. Dick 
 
 This company was a part of the "Continental Battalion." The 
 nucleus of the organization was young men of the "west end" of 
 the city. Their occupations were mostly as clerks and mechanics 
 of the several trades. Captain Whitcomb was killed in action at 
 Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1862. 
 
 First Lieut, was promoted to Captain, April 26, 1862 ; resigned 
 April I, 1863. 
 
 Second Lieut, promoted to First Lieut., March 19, 1862; to 
 Captain, January 8, 1863. Died Acquia Creek, Va., May 24, 
 1863. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Captain Theophilus Gaines 
 
 First Lieut Robert Brumwell 
 
 Second Lieut James Kinkaid 
 
 The Captain of this company was an attorney of considerable 
 renown and it would be reasonable to expect that the makeup 
 would contain a few persons of the same profession, but it is not 
 known that any other lawyer was enlisted under him. The mem 
 bership consisted mostly of draymen, brick-yard hands, and la 
 borers from the west end of the city. This company was recog 
 nized also as a part of the original Continental Battalion. 
 
 The Captain was promoted to Major and Judge Advocate U. 
 S. A., November ist, 1861. 
 
 18 
 
First Lieut, resigned February 28, 1862. 
 
 Second Lieut, was promoted to First Lieut., January 22, 1862, 
 and to Captain, December 5, 1862. Resigned February 9th, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Captain Alonzo C. Horton 
 
 First Lieut Waldo C. Booth 
 
 Second Lieut Frederick A. Moore 
 
 The officers of this company were original members of the 
 "Cincinnati Zouaves/ very competent and efficient. The raw 
 recruits profited by their experience as Drill Masters. 
 
 The Captain resigned August 21, 1861. 
 
 First Lieut, was promoted to Captain, September 24, 1861. 
 Resigned December 15, 1861. 
 
 Second Lieut, was promoted to First Lieut., September 4, 
 1861, and to Captain, January 9, 1862. Afterwards, June, 1862, 
 commissioned by the Governor of Ohio as Colonel of the 83rd 
 Infantry. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Captain John F. Fletcher 
 
 First Lieut George N. C. Frasier 
 
 Second Lieut William V. Neely 
 
 Very little was known of the officers of this company. The 
 recruiting station was on the Public Landing, Cincinnati, and the 
 membership was miscellaneous, comprising cooks, stewards, cabin 
 boys, and stevedores from the steamboats, a rough lot of fellows 
 and hard to control. The officers had little or no control and held 
 themselves very much on an equality with the men at times. The 
 First Lieut, resigned after a few months in the field. The Cap 
 tain left the company at Dumfries in the winter of 1862, in citi 
 zen s clothes and never returned. The Second Lieut, was se 
 verely wounded at the battle of Cedar Mountain, through the 
 small of his back, went to the hospital at Washington, and was 
 finally discharged for disability. The records show that the 
 First Lieut, resigned January i, 1862. Second Lieut, was pro 
 moted to First Lieut. March n, 1862; to Captain, March 29, 
 1863. Resigned May 25, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Captain John Collins 
 
 First Lieut Joseph Rudolph 
 
 Second Lieut Harry G. Armstrong 
 
 19 
 
This was strictly a Printers Company, made up from the 
 printing offices of the city, and they made good soldiers. Cap 
 tain Collins was afterwards promoted to Major. First and Sec 
 ond Lieutenants resigned after a few months in the field. 
 
 The Captain was promoted to Major, August 2, 1862. Re 
 signed March 29, 1863. 
 
 First Lieutenant resigned March n, 1862. 
 
 Second Lieut, promoted to Major, February 8, 1862. Trans 
 ferred to Field Staff. Resigned May 24, 1862. Recommissioned 
 June 4, 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Colonel August 2, 1862. 
 Discharged January 8, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Captain Charles H. Jackson 
 
 First Lieut Thos. W. Hefferman 
 
 Second Lieut Charles W. Smith 
 
 This company was the first in the "Continental Battalion," and 
 was recruited from all parts of Cincinnati. The headquarters 
 were at Court and Walnut Streets. The membership was of the 
 very best ; all young men. Clerks, salesmen, students and profes 
 sional men. Captain Jackson was not with the company after 
 the battle of Port Republic. 
 
 The Captain s resignation took effect December 5, 1862. 
 
 The First Lieut, was appointed Adjutant, June n, 1862 ; trans 
 ferred to Field Staff, afterwards appointed to Captain of Com 
 pany I. 
 
 Second Lieut, was promoted to First Lieut, and appointed 
 Adjutant February 8, 1862. Killed at Port Republic, June 9, 
 1862. 
 
 NOTE. The Roster of the officers of each Company as indicated 
 in this book, are upon the original enlistment for three years ser 
 vice. 
 
 20 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 DEPARTURE FROM CAMP DENNISON ARRIVAL AT CLARKSBURG 
 
 EXPEDITION TO OAKLAND ENCAMPMENT PARKERSBURG EX 
 PEDITION TO BUCKHANNON FRENCH CREEK ROMNEY. 
 
 We continued our daily routine of duty until July 10, 1861, at 
 which time we left Camp Dennison for Western Virginia. Two 
 days preceding were occupied in getting ready to embark. The 
 pass privilege to the city had been cut off, and the result of this 
 order was shown by delegations of fathers, mothers, sisters and 
 sweethearts coming to camp to take a final farewell. There 
 were many affecting scenes. The morning of the loth found us 
 all ready, and it took the greater part of the day to get everything 
 on board. Two long trains of freight cars, with only bare 
 wooden seats, were at our disposal. No Pullman sleepers or cafe 
 cars were visible in those days. It was late in the afternoon be 
 fore the final "All aboard" was called and we "were off." 
 
 The first night we tried to get some sleep, but as we were 
 packed like cattle, it was difficult to even stretch out on the floor 
 of the cars. "No sleep till morn," the boys kept thinking all 
 night. We crossed the Ohio River about daylight the morning 
 of July nth, were now in Rebeldom and the boys were eager 
 for the "Fray." We tarried at Benwood a short time and 
 finally moved out, drawn by a couple of mountain climbers, 
 known as "camel-back" engines, formerly owned by the B. & O. 
 R. R., but at this time Uncle Sam s property. They snorted and 
 puffed up and down the mountains until we finally arrived at 
 Grafton, took a survey of the place and then proceeded to Clarks 
 burg, Virginia. 
 
 Many of the young men in my company (C) held the opinion 
 that as soon as we got into "Secesh" we would find a rebel be 
 hind every tree. An amusing scene occurred enroute to Grafton. 
 The air was crisp and foggy, making our blankets very comfort- 
 
 21 
 
able, when suddenly the sharp, clear report of a shot was heard, 
 and every one in our car was alert, getting ready to "ram a cart 
 ridge." It proved to be that an officer of one of the companies 
 who were on the same train ahead of us had shot at a rabbit. 
 This little incident went to show how a small thing, early in our 
 campaign, would disturb one s peace of mind, but as Experience 
 is an expensive school," it took more than the single discharge 
 of a pistol to disturb us a few months later. 
 
 My recollection is that we reached Clarksburg late in the day 
 of July nth, and went into camp. On July I4th, (that being 
 the anniversary of my birth) I recollect very well that a portion of 
 our regiment was ordered to join a force that was assembling at 
 Oakland, Virginia, under General Charles W. Hill, to intercept 
 the Rebel General, Garnett. Companies A, D, E, G, H, I and K 
 were taken, leaving companies B, C, and F to remain at Clarks 
 burg, to guard the stores. I might say right here that the 5th 
 Ohio Regiment was not unlike many other regiments that went 
 into the strife. Contentions and petty jealousies existed. The 
 old saying, "When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of 
 war" in this instance was Scotch against Scotch, and the feeling 
 continued throughout the service. Strained relations existed be 
 tween many officers of the line, as well as regimental staff, and it 
 was this strained relationship, it was thought, that caused our 
 company, with the other two, to be held back from the Oakland 
 trip. 
 
 During the absence of the seven companies, company F was 
 detailed to build a telegraph line from Clarkesburg to Weston 
 and was kept permanently detached from the regiment until late 
 in our service, the exact time of their return, I do not remember. 
 Captain Gaines was very hostile in his feelings toward the field 
 officers, and the short time he was with us, was at times very in 
 subordinate. While we were at Clarksburg, he was detailed as 
 Judge Advocate on General Rosecrans staff, and later was as 
 signed to the staff of General Sigel. Afterwards, he succeeded 
 in procuring from the President, a commission as Major and 
 Judge Advocate in the Regular service. 
 
 The seven companies returning from the reconnoiter to Cheat 
 River, the two companies, "B" and "C" left at Clarksburg, joined 
 the seven companies, and the whole nine proceeded to Parkers- 
 burg, West Virginia, and went into camp with some Ohio troops 
 who had preceded us. Parkersburg being on the river, and at 
 
 22 
 
the mouth of the Little Kanawha, offered splendid opportunity 
 for the boys to bathe, which they all took advantage of beside 
 trips up the Kanawha and down to Blennerhassett Island on 
 the Ohio. While in camp at Parkersburg a very disagreeable 
 and unpleasant duty was performed. Private Alexander M. 
 Gates of Company "G" had been convicted by a "Court Martial" 
 of conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline and 
 was drummed out of camp in front of a squad of men at the 
 point of the bayonet, while the band played the Rogue s March. 
 The report of the Court Martial proceedings, together with a re 
 port of the execution of the sentence, was forwarded to the Presi 
 dent, Mr. Lincoln, who disapproved of them, ordering Gates 
 back to his command. Just when and where he did return, I 
 do not know. Later, however, in the service he appeared one 
 day mysteriously and reported for duty, but no one would have 
 anything to do with him, and he disappeared as mysteriously as 
 he came. Afterwards, he was known as a "professional Bounty 
 Jumper." 
 
 We remained at Parkersburg until about the 4th of August, 
 when we were again moved by rail to Clarksburg, August 5th. 
 The nine companies took up the line of march to Buckhannon, 
 twenty-eight miles away. The marching for a few miles was of 
 a fairly regular quality but before the day was over, it was very 
 irregular. The weather was very warm, and the weight of the 
 accoutrements became a burden. Many men fell by the wayside, 
 completely exhausted. It became absolutely necessary that relief 
 should come to them and many articles, such as blankets, parts 
 of uniforms, books and everything that could be dispensed with, 
 were cast off. We finally straggled into Buckhannon about dark, 
 and camped on the north side of the town in a low piece of tim 
 ber land, which proved to be subject to overflow. The next day 
 we were moved to the south side of the town, on a piece of up 
 land, a more healthy location. 
 
 Our line of transportation was a sight, using two-horse wagons, 
 four, and in some instances five wagons to a company, and with 
 Headquarters, medical and quartermaster s department, we must 
 have aggregated fully seventy-five wagons. 
 
 The town of Buckhannon is a very pretty little place, nestled 
 away in the mountains of western Virginia, on the regularly 
 traveled turnpike, leading East and West, and at the junction of 
 the road leading to Beverly and Phillippi, East, and Weston, 
 
 23 
 
West. The regiment was camped here from August to Novem 
 ber, except three companies, A, B and C, that were detailed to out 
 post duty and were sent to French Creek, about ten miles away. 
 The detachment at French Creek had an engagement with Bush 
 whackers in September, scouting through Webster County and 
 losing one man, William Bogert, of Company C. 
 
 While camping at Buckhannon, I must not overlook two cir 
 cumstances that have always remained vivid in my memory. 
 The camp had been regularly laid out, and was beautifully situ 
 ated, and the field officers quarters were in keeping with the rest 
 of the camp, but, notwithstanding this, they took quarters at the 
 principal hotel in the town, about one mile away. I thought this 
 a breach of good order, and military discipline, and withal, 
 gross impropriety. Seeing the example set by the highest offi 
 cers of the regiment, some of the line officers did likewise, leav 
 ing their commands, except at times of drill or parade. The 
 second incident was by a lot of the worst element in the regi 
 ment congregated in a local barber-shop, operated by a large, 
 burly negro. Whiskey was the cause of the trouble. They all 
 drank freely, both whites and blacks, until they were drunk, and 
 then a fight became general. The negro barber engaged the 
 worst one of the bunch, who proved to be our beforementioned 
 "Scotty," the "bad man" of company "B," and in the scuffle, 
 "Scotty" bit the negro s nose off. Filthy to think of! He was 
 afterwards known as "the man who bit the nigger s nose off." 
 This went with him to the end of the war. In battle, there 
 was not a more courageous fellow in the regiment and had he 
 been of a more refined character, would have received a commis 
 sion early in the service for meritorious conduct in action. Early 
 in November, the regiment consolidated and moved back to 
 Clarksburg and thence by rail to New Creek Station farther 
 east on the B. & O. R. R., arriving at New Creek about November 
 5th, marching by the regular military road over the mountains 
 and reaching Romney about the 7th. The regiment remained 
 here during November and December, 1861, and until January 
 10, 1862. 
 
 The action near Romney, December 8, 1861, the attack on the 
 picket outpost under command of Lieut. Paver, at Sheets Mills, 
 the repulse of the Rebels and the burning of all the houses, tan 
 nery and everything, was spoken of as commendable in a report 
 to the General commanding. Here at this place, December 8th, 
 
 24 
 
a very deplorable accident occurred. Parker S. Robinson, Cor 
 poral Company C, Corporal of the Guard, making his rounds, 
 was shot in cold blood by a drunken sentinel without provoca 
 tion. The drunken sentinel was from the same company, and a 
 strong feeling against Robinson is said to have been the cause of 
 it all. "The way of the transgressor is hard" and this murderer 
 received his just dues afterwards. 
 
 25 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 DETAIL FOR RECRUITING SERVICE RETURN TO REGIMENT ON TO 
 
 RICHMOND POPE CAMPAIGN. 
 
 The enthusiasm in the early part of 1861, the calling for 75,000, 
 and then 300,000 and then 300,000 more volunteers had about 
 exhausted the fiery spirit so that towards the close of the year, 
 the War Department issued the following order : 
 
 HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY. 
 Adjutant General s Office. 
 
 WASHINGTON, Dec. 3, 1861. 
 General Order, No. 105. 
 
 EXTRACTS. 
 
 II. The Recruiting Service in the various States for the Vol 
 unteer forces already in service and for those that may hereafter 
 be recruited, to be placed in charge of General Superintendents 
 for those States respectively, with general depots for the collection 
 and instructions of recruits as follows, viz: 
 
 Ohio, Major N. C. Macrea, U. S. A. 
 Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 The Superintendents detailed will take charge of the Recruit 
 ing service in the various states in which they are assigned, on 
 the ist day of January, 1862. 
 
 III. Commanding officers of the Regiments will detail two 
 Commissioned Officers and four Non-Commissioned Officers or 
 privates to report in person to the Superintendents of the Recruit 
 ing Service for their respective States on the ist day of January, 
 1862, or as soon thereafter as practicable. 
 
 The officers and non-commissioned officers will be detailed for 
 
 26 
 
1863 
 
a tour of six months, and will be assigned as recruiting parties 
 to rendezvous by the Superintendents. If found incompetent, 
 they will be released and replaced by others. 
 
 By Command of MAJOR GENERAL MCCLELLAN. 
 
 L. THOMAS, 
 Adjutant General. 
 
 The detail for recruiting service from the 5th O. V. I. was two 
 officers and four men. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, John M. Paver, Company C. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, James Timmons, Company I. 
 
 Corporal W. B. Heal, Company A. 
 
 Private John Ross, Company K. 
 
 The other two members of the detail I cannot now recall to 
 my mind. We were ordered to report to the Governor of the 
 State, to whom we reported early in January, 1862, thence to 
 Major N. C. Macrea, of the regular army, more recently of New 
 port Barracks, who had been assigned as superintendent of the 
 Ohio Recruiting Service, his office being on Third Street, east 
 of Broadway, Cincinnati. Thence, we went to the Elm Street 
 Barracks, which were in charge of Major R. S. Granger, U. S. 
 Army, on parole, having been paroled at San Antonio, Tex., 
 when this fort was captured early in 1861. Lieut. Timmons was 
 sent to Perrysburg, Ohio, and I was detailed as quartermaster, 
 at the barracks. The remainder of the detail was scattered 
 throughout the city, recruiting. Every county, every township 
 had its workers, and every recruit was sent to the rendezvous in 
 Cincinnati. There, they were housed, fed, clothed and drilled, 
 and when a sufficient number had been secured, were sent to 
 regiments that needed them most. 
 
 I continued to act as quartermaster at the barracks until early 
 in June, when an order was received abolishing the State Re 
 cruiting Service, and all officers and men returned to their several 
 regiments. I was a little longer in getting back to my regiment, 
 as I was detailed by Major Granger to settle up and transfer the 
 property to the Post quartermaster at Cincinnati. This took 
 some time after the closing of the rendezvous. I immediately 
 undertook to find my regiment. The last I had heard of them, 
 they were going down the Shenandoah Valley, they had fought 
 the battle of Port Republic, and after this had become lost. The 
 only logical route to follow to find them was through Washing- 
 
 27 
 
ton, where I arrived as near as I can recollect about the middle 
 of June. Here, I was "held up" for several days, hearing all 
 kinds of reports. Train after train was coming in from the 
 front, loaded with wounded. Constant inquiries did not develop 
 anything satisfactory. The War Department was visited for 
 three days in succession without result, until the last day Mr. 
 Stanton, Secretary of War, advised me that if I could get to War- 
 renton Junction, I might be able to intercept "Shields Division." 
 I at once took the boat for Alexandria, and thence by the Ma- 
 nassas R. R. went to Warrenton. When I reached this point, I 
 learned from a teamster that my regiment with others of "Shields 
 Division" was lying at Bristow Station, where I finally found 
 them, and we marched to Alexandria, reaching there the last of 
 June or July 1st. Here I was appointed acting Regimental 
 Quartermaster, and immediately commenced drawing clothing, 
 camp equipage and quartermaster stores, which meant every 
 thing from a mule shoe to wagon bows and pieces of harness. I 
 found the regiment in a very dilapidated condition as to clothing, 
 etc., but in a short time, we were in good shape, through a good 
 rest, new clothes, new shoes and "extra rations ;" something a sol 
 dier does not get in an active campaign. 
 
 During the time we were "fitting out" at Alexandria, we 
 learned that the remnants of Fremont s, Banks , McDowell s and 
 Shields Armies had been consolidated and called the "Army of 
 Virginia" under Pope. "Headquarters in the saddle," "On to 
 Richmond," a "sure thing" via the Rapidan River Route. We 
 remained at Alexandria the greater part of the month of July. 
 About the 25th, we moved towards Warrenton, Virginia, where 
 we secured additional quartermaster stores, such as fresh mules, 
 "green ones" and such fun as we had to get them broken for 
 service. Then to Little Washington. Here our Brigade re 
 ceived additional strength in the shape of two Pennsylvania Regi 
 ments, also a new commander, General John W. Geary, who had 
 a record during the "Border Ruffian" Kansas State early history. 
 His speech to the boys of the old Brigade, the 5th, 7th, 2Qth and 
 66th Ohio Regiments, was accepted very graciously and after 
 wards great confidence was put in him, as a commanding of 
 ficer. 
 
 28 
 
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C., July 14, 1862. 
 To the Officers and Soldiers of the Army of Virginia: 
 
 By special assignment of the President of the United States, 
 I have assumed command of this army. * * * I have come 
 to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of 
 our enemies; from an army whose business it has been to seek 
 the adversary and to beat him when he was found ; whose policy 
 has been attack and not defense. 
 
 In but one instance has the enemy been able to place our 
 Western armies in defensive attitude. I presume that I have 
 been called here to pursue the same system and to lead you against 
 the enemy. It is my purpose to do so, and that speedily. 
 
 I am sure you long for an opportunity to win the distinction 
 you are capable of achieving. That opportunity I shall endeavor 
 to give you. 
 
 Meantime, I desire you to dismiss from your minds certain 
 phrases, which I am sorry to find much in vogue amongst you. 
 
 I hear constantly of "taking strong positions and holding 
 them," of "lines of retreat," and of "bases of supplies." Let us 
 discard such ideas. 
 
 The strongest position a soldier should desire to occupy is one 
 from which he can most easily advance against the enemy. Let 
 us study the probable lines of retreat of our opponents, and leave 
 our own to take care of themselves. Let us look before us, and 
 not behind. Success and glory are in the advance, disaster and 
 shame lurk in the rear. 
 
 Let us act on this understanding, and it is safe to predict that 
 your banners shall be inscribed with many a glorious deed and 
 that your names will be dear to your countrymen forever. 
 
 JNO. POPE. 
 
 Major-General Commanding. 
 
 Both this bombastic order of General Pope s and his failure in 
 this campaign, the official records attest ; and for want of tact and 
 judgment and bad taste, stands alone as the worst in the history 
 of the War. He boasted of what he had done and what he would 
 do. A few days after the issuing of the circular, "To the Officers 
 and Soldiers" an order from him indicated that his "Headquarters 
 would be in the Saddle" and that the troops should subsist upon 
 
 29 
 
the country. This was an extremely stupid blunder to say the 
 least, for the troops that had been serving in this department, 
 knew that the whole country from Blue Ridge to the Potomac had 
 been overrun with both armies and not a living thing or a spear 
 of grass could be found. To have such an order sent them was 
 convincing proof of the calibre of the man "in the saddle." His 
 orders were received with considerable amusement. There was 
 a lack of respect for his ability, created by this proclamation and 
 subsequent orders to "win distinction." "That opportunity, I 
 shall endeavor to give you," says Pope. His whole command of 
 officers, as well as men, lost faith in him, and classified him as a 
 "Four-Flusher." His career was short and not creditable. 
 
 30 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 BATTLE CEDAR MOUNTAIN RETROGRADE MOVEMENT. 
 
 The "On to Richmond" has now commenced in full earnest. 
 Pope was marching and concentrating his forces as near to the 
 Rapidan River as possible. Lee and Jackson were moving north 
 to intercept Pope. They first came together about five miles 
 south of Slaughter s Mountain, or as most historians have it, 
 Cedar Mountain, and some even call this engagement the Bat 
 tle of Culpepper Court House, while in reality, it should be 
 "Slaughter s Mountain." The full force of this engagement 
 was on*fgra^fc)th, 1862. We were in Banks Division. The bat 
 tle was fierce, and our regiment lost heavily in both officers and 
 men. At the time of this engagement, the hospital department 
 of each regiment was under the immediate control of the Sur 
 geons of the regiments. The ambulances were in charge of the 
 quartermasters of each regiment, and the duty of taking care 
 of the wounded on battle fields devolved on them. We had two 
 four horse, double-deck, and four two horse, or single ambu 
 lances busy all day of the 9th, bringing the wounded soldiers 
 from off the battle field, and taking them to the field hospital. 
 
 Our field hospital was located slightly under the protection of 
 the mountain. At different times an enfilading, screeching, 
 screaming fire from the rebel batteries was thrown into us, 
 notwithstanding the red hospital flag was flying. Armstrong, 
 Remley, Kirkup, Neely, Thomas, McKenzie and Yerkes, all 
 wounded officers, hobbled back on sticks, ram-rods, and swords 
 the best they could, to the railroad station at Culpepper and were 
 from there, taken to hospitals at Washington. With them went 
 along many a school boy chum of mine. Our forces fell back 
 from the mountain and made a temporary stand at Culpepper. 
 We succeeded, however, in getting all of our wounded back, 
 and on the trains for Washington. There were many pathetic 
 
 31 
 
and heartrending scenes. The country from Cedar Mountain 
 to Culpepper was desolation itself; strewn with wreckage of a 
 receding army, and the dead carcasses of horses filling the air 
 with foul stench. In some instances where time had been taken 
 huge fires made of fence rails were built over their dead bodies, 
 to hasten, in a sanitary way, their destruction. 
 
 The "On to Richmond" via Rapidan River Route enterprise 
 was turned into a general retreat in less than thirty days from the 
 time that Pope issued his bombastic order. Instead of the Union 
 soldiers singing "On to Richmond," and "We ll Hang Jeff Davis 
 on a Sour Apple Tree," the rebel soldiers were singing, "Mary 
 land, My Maryland" and "We re Getting thar very Fast." The 
 loth and nth of August were taken up in gathering the wounded 
 that had been placed in the churches, school houses and at other 
 points in Culpepper to the railroad station, to be sent to Wash 
 ington. Just two months previous to a day, our army had been 
 defeated at Port Republic, and now, to be punished again in a 
 like manner, was very humiliating and discouraging. 
 
 Only after Pope s outrageous failure, retreating and fighting 
 all the way from the Rapidan to the fortifications of Washing 
 ton, did he comprehend that he had over-estimated his ability. 
 Once under the protection of the fortifications, Pope asked to be 
 released from duty. The army, the public, and the world at 
 large, hailed his retirement with satisfaction. With his release, 
 the army of Virginia passed out of existence, and its corps were 
 attached to the Army of the Potomac. Following this up, there 
 was much confusion, the army still falling back, and about the 
 time we passed through Centerville, I was taken to the hospital 
 at Alexandria, with a case of intermittent fever, contracted dur 
 ing the strenuous life that I had experienced since my return 
 from city duty. I had been threatened with fever for several 
 days, and could hold out no longer. This was about the last of 
 August. I remained here until I was convalescent and rejoined 
 my regiment after the battle of Antietam, at Harper s Ferry. 
 
 32 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 RECONNOISANCE TO WINCHESTER RECONNOISANCE TO CHARLES- 
 TOWN MUD MARCH TO DUMFRIES SKIRMISH WITH STU- 
 
 ART S CAVALRY. 
 
 December 6th, we were out on a little reconnoisance to Win 
 chester, and wound up by having a little skirmish at Charlestown 
 on the 7th. Returning to Boliver Heights, we remained a few 
 days and on December loth, took up our march to join General 
 Hooker s forces near Fredericksburg. The weather had been 
 very bad. The rains had made the roads almost impassable, 
 especially when the wheels of so many hundred wagons were 
 "churning them up." The wagons were very heavily ladened. 
 The tents were wet, and frozen just enough to make them disa 
 greeable to handle. We had great trouble in getting through 
 to Dumfries, Virginia. We arrived muddy, wet and weary, 
 about December I7th, and went into winter quarters. About 
 December 27th, the troublesome rebel General Stuart attacked 
 our camp a short time after noon, and kept up the fight until 
 dark. He annoyed us first by attacking us on the south side, 
 and then swinging around and attacking us on the north side of 
 our camp. The skirmish, I will say (it could hardly be called 
 a battle), was short and sweet. Nevertheless one full battery of 
 six guns, and four fragments of regiments on our side, and two 
 guns and about two hundred men on the rebel side, constituted 
 the engaging forces, as far as I can recollect, at this late day. 
 We lost, in killed, Lieut. Walker, and Private Le-Force of Com 
 pany "G." 
 
 The next incident was while I was visiting Brigade Head 
 quarters with Colonel Candy commanding the brigade. We 
 noticed a "White Flag" across the bayou, which was directly in 
 front of Headquarters. The signal was answered, and a rebel 
 Major was escorted to Colonel Candy for an interview. The 
 
 33 
 
object of the visit was ostensibly to get a survey of the surround 
 ings and see how strong we were. In retiring, he made a re 
 quest for quinine. Rather bold, after the short time before, when 
 he had been shelling us with grape and canister. When asked why 
 he made this request, he answered in a most gentlemanly and 
 polished manner that, "The exigencies of the case demand it." 
 He returned under the white flag to the outpost, Colonel Candy 
 having furnished him the necessary medicine. 
 
 The winter of 1862 and 1863 was spent in quarters at Dumfries, 
 Virginia. The failure of McClellan before Richmond, the Pope 
 and Burnside disasters of 1862, had brought us down to Dumfries 
 in a wornout condition. The morale of the army were not of 
 the best. The President s Proclamation, to take effect on New 
 Year s Day, 1863, abolishing slavery, caused a decided sensation 
 among the soldiers. Our regiment was a city raised organiza 
 tion, and was bitterly opposed to the negro s freedom. In one in 
 stance, a captain conspired for and secured a suit of civilian 
 clothes and boldly left camp, making no attempt to conceal his 
 identity. He never returned, and just how the War Department 
 Records have his name, I know not, but it should be, "deserted in 
 the face of the enemy." 
 
 General Joseph Hooker assumed command of the Army of the 
 Potomac, January 26, 1863, and established his Headquarters at 
 Stafford C. H. We were camped about twelve miles from Army 
 Headquarters. The condition of the whole army was a much 
 disorganized one when Hooker took command. The months 
 of January, February, March and April were used in maturing 
 new plans, refitting, and replenishing clothing and transporta 
 tion. The number of wagons was reduced for each regiment. 
 Officers baggage was reduced to the lowest limit. 
 
 As winter wore away and spring opened, this gave new life 
 and new energy. On April 26th, Hooker issued orders to the 
 army to move. On April 29th, our corps, the I2th, under Gen 
 eral H. W. Slocum, crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly s Ford- 
 destination, Chancellorsville. How this place secured the name 
 is perplexing. Chancellorsville was a characteristic southern vil 
 lage, consisting of one house, at the junction of two roads, (Gor- 
 donville turnpike, and the Orange Court House plank road) very 
 respectable in appearance, and with a few outbuildings that had 
 been negro quarters. I said our destination was Chancellors 
 ville, but we did not reach there for a couple of days. The trans- 
 
 34 
 
portation or wagon trains did not cross the Rappahannock. They 
 kept on the north side of the river, and parked at "United 
 States" Ford, where a pontoon bridge had been built. 
 
 An order from General Hooker prohibited all wagons to cross 
 the river, only in cases of emergency, such as hospital wagons 
 and ambulances. During our stay at Dumfries pack saddles had 
 been issued to us, and here at United States Ford, we used them 
 to get rations to our regiment. Rations were issued and packed 
 to them under great difficulty. Sometimes we could reach them 
 in a few hours. At other times, it took all day, the changing 
 of position making it difficult to get their location. Many times 
 we found ourselves in the midst of enfilading fires, from which 
 we escaped under the first cover. Mules are stubborn "critters" 
 and when they are surrounded with such noise and excitement 
 as was found here, it was a hard job to keep them from stamped 
 ing. The Regimental Commissary Sergeant, and the Wagon 
 Master, under my supervision, had charge of the delivery of the 
 rations. 
 
 The long winter rest had an influence on us in stimulating con 
 fidence in our leaders. My experience was of such a peculiar 
 character that it made a lasting impression upon me. The 
 strength of our army was, by the actual field reports, much larger 
 than the rebel army, and what was most humiliating was to be 
 defeated by an army of so much inferiority. 
 
 May 2nd, 1863, (Saturday) a day of unusual activity, our 
 wagons were parked on the river bank, overlooking the pontoons 
 at United States Ford. We had the opportunity of witnessing 
 regiments and divisions crossing, heading towards Chancellors- 
 ville. Sunday, May 3rd, 1863, we received orders to get our 
 pack mules ready and proceed without delay with three days 
 rations for our men. On our way to Division Headquarters, 
 we encountered much disorder. Regiments, brigades and di 
 visions having changed positions, made it difficult to find our 
 regiment. At last it was found, and the rations delivered and 
 the pack train ordered back to camp. I was detained tempor 
 arily at Division Headquarters. Everything was excitement. 
 "Stonewall" Jackson was passing to our extreme right to attack 
 our flank. The nth corps, commanded by General Howard, 
 had been informed many times during the day that Jackson was 
 making a "detour" to attack his flank, but he paid no attention 
 whatever to the information. About five o clock Jackson made 
 
 35 
 
the attack, and then it was that the nth corps was so demoralized 
 that a stampede followed. The I2th corps was brought up to 
 intercept the fleeing men, but met with little success. 
 
 A large part of the nth corps was of German organization and 
 had been very much attached to General Sigel, who but a short 
 time before had been removed from his command. This removal 
 had greatly displeased the Germans and added a great deal to the 
 demoralizing effect. The 5th day of May, 1863, brought with it 
 a feeling of despondency. Our Army was retiring to the north 
 bank of the Rappahannock. Our regiment had lost heavily. Some 
 of our best officers and men had perished. Our Lieut. Colonel, 
 (Kilpatrick) had been severely wounded in the right arm and left 
 thigh. As he crossed the pontoon bridge, riding his horse, led by 
 his ever-faithful orderly, John Evans, we intercepted him and 
 everything that the quartermaster s department could do was 
 done to relieve him. 
 
 A consultation of medical officers decided that to save his life 
 an amputation was necessary. Two wall tents are thrown up ; a 
 canopy is made of the flys ; a dissecting or operating table is hur 
 riedly made of some empty boxes and the tail gates of wagons. 
 The Colonel is placed there, and now comes the most agonizing 
 experience of my whole army life. I had seen many men 
 mangled by shot and shell, but this was a case of a very dear 
 friend. His arm was terribly mangled, and it must be amputated. 
 I am brought face to face with a surgical operation, something 
 that I had shunned from the first. Here, indeed, was a severe 
 test of my nerve. I braced myself for the ordeal. The Colonel 
 was quickly placed under the influence of ether, and there, though 
 displaying the red hospital flag, shells were constantly dropping 
 and exploding close around us. It was my unpleasant duty to 
 hold the forceps that kept the patient s tongue from shrinking 
 back into the throat, an event that would have resulted fatally. 
 Thus far, so good, but as soon as the surgeons made the first in 
 cision, I felt my strength failing me, and I called my friend, Tom 
 Folger, to take my place. I was down. I lost my balance; the 
 fact was, I fainted. How long I remained thus, I cannot recall, 
 probably only a few minutes ; on regaining my senses, I found 
 myself (outwardly) in a very damp condition from the effect of 
 a couple of canteens of water having been generously used in 
 bringing me to. As I opened my eyes I found my contraband, 
 Elijah Ruffin, standing over me with a canteen of "Commissary" 
 
 36 
 
(not water.) That night, we hurried the Colonel to Acquia Creek, 
 and with him sent his man "Friday," with a canteen of whiskey, 
 for an emergency. This scamp drank the whiskey himself, in fact, 
 got beastly drunk and lay by the roadside and the Colonel went 
 through to Acquia Creek without servant and without whiskey. 
 This is the last I ever saw of this fellow. The Colonel afterwards 
 told me how he acted, so that my statement can be taken as truth 
 ful. 
 
 The overly-reliable sentiment expressed in Hooker s order that 
 "The army hailed with satisfaction, etc., etc.," is shown by the 
 disgust that even the mules hee-hawed, hee-hawed at the bunko 
 order, and the "poor whip-poor-will" bird cried aloud, "Hooker s 
 Whipped, Hooker s Whipped." The birds of the air, and the 
 beasts of the field felt the depression of our defeat. The speech 
 less mule, that poor, thick-headed beast of burden, whose heels 
 were always ready for a kick, and whose sides had stood the as 
 sault of "Black Snakes," branches of trees and army boots, was 
 justified in braying out his dismay. 
 
 The closing scene of our experience at the ford was getting our 
 wounded back to Acquia Creek. It was still storming, and the 
 river was swollen and rising rapidly, and the stragglers were 
 streaming across the pontoons, until it became a very dangerous 
 feat to cross. The pontoons finally broke loose, and many a poor 
 fellow was left on the south side of the Rappahannock to his fate. 
 I have no knowledge of any member of our Regiment being left. 
 The Congressional committee on the conduct of the war says 
 that the causes of Hooker s failure at Chancellorsville were, 
 
 First. "The stampede of the nth Corps, May 2nd." 
 Second. "Injury of General Hooker, May 3rd." 
 Third. "Failure of General Sedgwick to carry out orders to 
 fall on the rear of Lee s forces, Monday, May 3rd." 
 
 Fourth. "Entire failure of General Stoneman s cavalry to per 
 form the part assigned him; i. e., cut off Lee s communication 
 with Richmond." 
 
 Leaving the United States Ford on the Rappahannock about 
 May 7th, where our trains had been parked since the 1st, our 
 course was due north. "The Army of the Potomac had not 
 been beaten, but its commander had." The close of the battle 
 of Chancellorsville found the Union Army still strong in num 
 bers, but a little dismayed. Reorganization was necessary. Once 
 
 37 
 
more our brigade took a position in the vicinity of Stafford Court 
 House, remaining in camp until early in June. About the middle 
 of the month, we moved up toward Fairfax Court House, then to 
 Drainsville, thence to Leesburg; from Leesburg via Edward s 
 Ferry to Monocacy, then to Frederick, Maryland, thence to 
 Farmington and Bruceville. We had been retrograding and pro 
 tecting our flanks with occasional skirmishes, and chasing Lee s 
 army to the North. When we arrived at Frederick, we found 
 our army in much confusion. All the roads leading toward 
 Gettysburg were full of troops hurrying toward the battle 
 field. The department at Washington had, for several weeks, 
 been quarreling with the commander of the army (Gen. Joseph 
 Hooker) and he had become so exasperated that he had re 
 quested to be relieved from his command of the Army of the Po 
 tomac. This request was granted, and during the passing of our 
 army through Frederick, General Hooker addressed us from the 
 balcony of the hotel, telling how difficult it was to do business 
 with Washington, and saying in substance : "That it took twenty- 
 two hours out of the twenty-four to do business with Mr. Stan- 
 ton, Secretary of War, and only two hours to maneuver the Army 
 of the Potomac." This ended Hooker s career with the Potomac 
 Army. Many petty persecutions characterized the actions of the 
 department towards good, faithful, competent officers, one of 
 whom was certainly Major General Joseph Hooker. 
 
 General Meade succeeded Hooker about the last of June. The 
 army was by this time, moving rapidly. Frederick was the base 
 of supplies. We were moved each day closer to the battlefield, 
 as near as it would permit, with our supply train, keeping in 
 touch with our command, ready to furnish rations and ammuni 
 tion, part of the time on the Emmitsburg road, and part of the 
 time on the Tannytown road. Of the actual three days of fighting 
 around Gettysburg, on July 2d, 3d and 4th, General Meade sums 
 up the events in his address to the army on the morning of July 
 4th, 1863, as follows: 
 
 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF POTOMAC. 
 
 Near Gettysburg, July 4. 
 
 The Commanding General, in behalf of the country, thanks 
 the Army of the Potomac for the glorious result of the recent 
 operations. 
 
 Our enemy, superior in numbers, and flushed with the pride of 
 
 38 
 
successful invasion, attempted to overcome or destroy this army. 
 Utterly baffled and defeated, he has now withdrawn from the 
 contest. The privations and the fatigue the army has endured 
 and the heroic courage and gallantry it has displayed, will be 
 matters of history to be ever remembered. Our task is not yet 
 accomplished, and the Commanding General looks to the army 
 for greater efforts to drive from the soil every vestige of the pres 
 ence of the invader. 
 
 It is right and proper that we should on suitable occasion re 
 turn our grateful thanks to the Almighty Disposer of Events, 
 that in the goodness of His Providence, He has thought fit to give 
 victory to the cause of the just. 
 
 By command of MAJOR GENERAL MEADE. 
 
 S. WILLIAMS, 
 A. A. General. 
 
 After the battle, (July 4th) where both armies had practically 
 exhausted themselves, the rebel army was shown to be the most 
 severely punished, yet they were permitted to escape, when, if 
 vigorously followed up, the remnant of Lee s army could have 
 been annihilated, or captured. General Meade has been severely 
 criticised because he showed no desire to continue the struggle. 
 In fact, he did not exhibit any disposition to pursue until Lee had 
 gotten well on towards the Potomac river. 
 
 On our return through Frederick on the National Road, a good 
 macadamized thoroughfare, just west of the town, we were 
 treated to a slight change in the scene by seeing hanging to a 
 "persimmon" tree, the body of an almost naked man, the frag 
 ment of a dirty shirt still left on him. Report had it that Aver- 
 ill s Cavalry had captured him as a spy and strung him up in 
 great shape. Pieces of his garments had been clipped as me 
 mentos until nothing was left. His body was getting very much 
 decomposed. This was the last we saw of him. 
 
 39 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 RETURN TO VIRGINIA OCEAN TRIP TO NEW YORK WESTERN TRIP. 
 
 The losses to the army in 1863 at Cedar Mountain and Gettys 
 burg, were so great and the return of many of the two-year regi 
 ments, had reduced the fighting strength to a point that was giv 
 ing considerable anxiety to the country, as well as the Department 
 at Washington. 
 
 In our pursuit of the rebel army, during its retreat to Virginia, 
 our corps retraced its steps. About the i6th of July, at or near 
 Sandy Hook, going to Pleasant Valley, crossing the Potomac at 
 Harper s Ferry to Snickersville to Ashby Gap, then through 
 Thoroughfare Gap to Warrenton Junction, and then to a point on 
 the Manassas railroad, arriving the latter part of July. The draft 
 in New York was meeting with opposition. A short time after 
 reaching the banks of the Rappahannock on our return from 
 Gettysburg, an order was received that two brigades of western 
 troops, tried and true, weatherbeaten and rugged, be odered to 
 New York City to suppress the riot, if called upon, and it might 
 be said right here that the Department had by this time, become 
 much alarmed. 
 
 About August 2Oth or 25th, four regiments of our brigade, 
 (5th, 7th, 29th and 66th Ohio) were selected and took the cars 
 at Cattletts Station, for Alexandria. In making this move, we 
 were ordered to turn over all of our wagons and mules and sur 
 plus horses. Here comes a scramble. Out transportation out 
 fit, (5th O. V. 10 was of the best. My drivers had scoured the 
 quartermaster s department for the best mules, and, as soldiers 
 are not overly conscientious, "pressed in" or "swiped" many a 
 good one. Ours was the envy of the Brigade, Division and Corps 
 quartermasters. Giving them up was like parting with old 
 friends. Captain Parker of General Geary s Headquarters got 
 the best. The two remaining regiments of our brigade, 28th and 
 
 40 
 
1 47th Pennsylvania, were left in camp with General Geary. It 
 was thought best to not take eastern troops to suppress a riot in 
 an eastern state. Arriving at Alexandria, we laid around the 
 streets until we were ready to embark. The big, black paddle- 
 wheel North Atlantic Steamship, "Baltic," lay out in the Poto 
 mac River, opposite the ferry landing, to take us "somewhere," 
 not known then. 
 
 After a good many delays, mishaps, with carousing, drunken 
 men, we got everything and everybody aboard, weighed anchor, 
 and went slowly and cautiously down the river, feeling our way 
 carefully, as this big steamship was drawing all the water in the 
 river. Every employe, from captain down to stokers, were for 
 eigners of the very worst kind, and were not friendly to our 
 cause. The pilot was a southerner, and when about half way out 
 of the river, our big boat went aground at a place called the 
 "Kettle Bottom" Shoals, it was with great difficulty that we kept 
 our men from murdering him, as he was looked upon as a south 
 ern spy or sympathizer, and it was suspected that he had run the 
 boat aground purposely. Lighters were brought down from Al 
 exandria and we laid in this mud flat for several days, giving our 
 boys ample time for salt water bathing. After getting afloat 
 again and going slowly down the river to Chesapeake Bay into 
 deep water, we could, with the assistance of glasses, see Fortress 
 Monroe, and the harbor with shipping of all styles, and, at this 
 particular time none other than the American flag flying. As 
 we came close to the mouth of the harbor we dropped our pilot; 
 and took to the deep and mighty, rolling Atlantic. 
 
 Up to the present time, the pleasure of being on the water had 
 been enjoyed by every one. As we got farther and farther away 
 from the sight of land, the big ship began to be more boisterous. 
 The waves were commencing to run mountain high. The lung 
 ing and surging of the ship, rising high one minute and the next 
 diving apparently to the bottom of the sea, caused much disturb 
 ance in the stomachs of every one. Officers, as well as privates 
 were "heaving Jonah" or vomiting all over everything and every 
 body. Some of the boys were very sick, moaning and groaning, 
 apparently in the last stages of dissolution. 
 
 A little bunch of officers of our regiment, of which I was a 
 central figure, had made particular preparations, anticipating the 
 evil effects of an ocean trip. A good supply of lemons and 
 Scotch whiskey had been secured before leaving Alexandria. 
 
 41 
 
The weatherbeaten old Scotchmen who were in our party did not 
 suffer much. The writer had a slight touch of nausea, but with 
 the stimulants, pulled through fairly well. Finally, we sighted 
 land once more, and how glad we felt ! In due time, we came to- 
 anchor outside of the harbor at New York City, and signaled for 
 a pilot. Waiting several hours, we proceeded up through the 
 Narrows, passing the forts in great shape, until we arrived at 
 Governor s Island, where we disembarked and camped. This 
 was the commencement of a great experience. On one side the 
 great city with its towering steeples and high buildings; on the 
 other, the great channel, or water gateway for the shipping of 
 the world. These were great sights to us Westerners, and as 
 one of the young fellows who had roughed it for two years, now, 
 to be surrounded by such luxuries, I wish to say that I took ad 
 vantage of my opportunities. Giving my quartermaster sergeant 
 instructions and signing a goodly supply of ration blanks, I left in 
 company with the assistant surgeon of our regiment for two days 
 "leave" to see the sights. Well, it is safe to say that we did see 
 the sights. On this trip, I was the banker of our regiment. I 
 was the only officer who had money of any amount. While lying 
 at Alexandria, I went up to Washington, on leave of absence, 
 "fixed up" for the occasion, and succeeded in getting two months* 
 pay, and when I returned, I was flush. In New York City I 
 loaned many of the officers money. Some of it was never re 
 paid. We remained in New York until about September 8th, 
 when our return trip commenced. We had not been called into 
 service to suppress any uprising or riot. 
 
 We arrived back at Alexandria, about the I2th of September. 
 September I3th we marched to Fairfax, thence to Manassas, 
 thence to Warrenton Junction, thence to Brandy Station, thence to 
 Raccoon Ford, and went into camp with our old division. 
 
 September i8th we witnessed the execution of two deserters 
 from a New York regiment. At Warrenton Junction, we were 
 turned loose in the wagon yards and mule pens to select transpor 
 tations; to us, this was anything but a pleasant job, after only 
 three weeks had passed since we surrendered some of the finest 
 teams in the service. We did not complete the task. September 
 24th we were ordered to take the cars, and without secrecy, it was 
 announced that we were going West, to help the boys under Rose- 
 crans. Our route was through Washington City, via B. & O. 
 R. R. to the Ohio River, thence through Columbus, Ohio. Indian- 
 
 42 
 
apolis, Louisville, Nashville to Murfreesboro, Tenn. At Bellaire, 
 I took "French Leave" and went direct to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 stayed over night, saw my people, and "best girl" and went on 
 next day to Louisville, by mail boat. From Louisville down to 
 Nashville everything was in a turmoil. The movement of 
 23,000 men, with all the artillery, ammunition, baggage, etc., 
 1,192 miles in seven days was a great undertaking. The road 
 from Louisville to Nashville, and thence to Murfreesboro, and all 
 the way to Bridgeport was over the U. S. Military railroad, and 
 was very rough. We made stops at Wartrace, Bell Buckle, Nor 
 mandy and Stevenson, before reaching Bridgeport. 
 
 From Murfreesboro our duty was bridge guarding, watching 
 for guerrillas and bushwhackers. Shelbyville, Normandy, War- 
 trace, Deckard and Stevenson were places that received our at 
 tention. The transporting of all the supplies for a large army 
 over a single track railroad, like the Nashville & Chattanooga, 
 during the war, was an undertaking too large for its resources. 
 Nashville was headquarters for quartermaster stores, and every 
 thing in the way of mules and wagons had to be supplied from 
 this place. We came from the eastern army fresh, without a 
 strap, saddle or buckle, and in this condition we found ourselves 
 distributed along this one-track railroad. Nothing with which 
 to transport our rations from supply point to each company sta 
 tion. , 
 
 Normandy was headquarters for the regiment from October 
 nth to 28th. Wagons were absolutely necessary and the division 
 quartermaster, Captain Parker, summoned all regimental quarter 
 masters to meet him at Nashville, about the middle of October. 
 This was done, and here is where our trouble began. Transpor 
 tation, (wagons and mules) was secured, and loaded with cloth 
 ing, rations, and other stores, and after many vexatious delays, 
 we started with a train of over 100 wagons, civilians as wagon- 
 masters and teamsters, and these of the worst element that we 
 had ever encountered. Thieves, bums, loafers and bounty jump 
 ers were our only help for that long and tedious trip over the 
 Cumberland Mountains, to Stevenson and Bridgeport, Alabama. 
 
 Leaving Nashville with our immense wagon train about the 
 middle of October, 1863, we took a southeasterly course through 
 Shelbyville to Dechard. Thus far, the roads were in fair condi 
 tion, and the country was level. We had traveled up to this time, 
 some six days. At Dechard, the railroad goes through the moun- 
 
 43 
 
tains and the wagon road, over the backbone of the Cumberland 
 range. We worked two days with green mules and stubborn 
 drivers, and heavily loaded wagons, getting to the top of the 
 mountain. We commenced to descend on the opposite, or west 
 ern slope, and such an experience! Wreck upon wreck. Dead 
 mules everywhere. Quartermaster stores, clothing, rations, all 
 strewn broadcast. The loss to the government will never be 
 known. We were three days crossing the range, and finally 
 reached Stevenson, ten miles from Bridgeport. Our trip from 
 Nashville to Bridgeport, 120 miles, consumed the time until about 
 the first of November, 1863. 
 
 Once at Bridgeport, and once more with our command, we 
 were hailed with a great deal of joy in some sections and in others 
 with "kicking" to beat the band. You know that a soldier, if 
 with nothing else to do, can grumble and complain. We, our 
 selves, thought we had reason to grumble, but no ! We were the 
 target, and we were thoroughly punctured, but we lived through 
 it. 
 
 Shortly after our arrival, which was about November 1st, 1863, 
 we were ordered forward with three days rations. This really 
 meant for six days, as everything was on half rations. Leaving 
 Bridgeport with considerable anxiety on our minds, we crossed 
 the railroad bridge, which had been planked for troops and teams, 
 passing Shellmound, and Whitesides, camping at Wauhatchie. 
 After several days of fighting and skirmishing, we crossed the 
 Tennessee River at Brown s Ferry, camping on Moccasin Point. 
 Transportation in bad condition; mules eating everything in 
 sight, not stopping at wagon poles and wagon covers. We had 
 been without a pot of bean soup for so long that we were "fight 
 ing hungry." Finding about a quart of beans in the feed box of 
 Tom Watts wagon, the next thing was, pork to "sweeten" it. 
 We were camping on an abandoned rebel camp ground, and we 
 sent our contraband out to see what he could find in this camp. 
 Much to our joy and surprise, he came back with the ribs of a 
 "razor-back" hog, dug up in the rebel camp. We gave the bones 
 a hot water bath, and then commenced making bean soup. And, 
 talk about hungry men! Here was a bunch sitting around 
 "watching the pot boil." In due time we got our share, and 
 how well I remember that meal ! A big cup of bean soup and a 
 handful of "hard tack." 
 
 We lay here until the rebels were routed from Lookout Moun- 
 
 44 
 
tain, when we crossed over to the mainland again, and kept up 
 with our command. The assault on Lookout was November 
 23d, 24th and 25th. The "cracker line" was opened. After the 
 advance as far as Ringgold, we returned to Bridgeport for win 
 ter quarters. 
 
 Serving as quartermaster, the greater part of my service, at 
 tached to the business part of the army, thus gave me opportuni 
 ties for obtaining vivid experiences. The officers detached in dif 
 ferent departments of the service, such as quartermasters, com 
 missaries, inspectors and medical department, were not looked 
 upon as a part of the fighting strength of the army, but neverthe 
 less, they had many hazardous undertakings. Their duties were 
 well and faithfully performed, with credit to themselves, and 
 honor to the Cause. 
 
 With all of our hardships, many amusing incidents happened. 
 The wagon train was the rounding-up place for all stragglers, 
 bums and "coffee-coolers/ shirkers of their duties as soldiers, 
 cowardly fellows who always wanted to be detailed as wagon 
 guards, teamsters or attendants in the hospital department. Our 
 duties kept us close up to our command, and we had very little 
 use for these classes of fellows. 
 
 The "Battle above the clouds" was the culmination of efforts 
 put forward by the consolidation of the military division of Ohio, 
 Cumberland and Tennessee, the result being the capture of the 
 mountain, opening of the "cracker line" via Wauhatchie Valley, 
 the relief of Chattanooga, and driving of the rebel army beyond 
 Ringgold, Georgia. The winter of 1863 was spent in preparing 
 for spring work, 1864. The 2Oth Army Corps was wintering in 
 Lookout Valley. The 2d, "Geary s White Star Division," was 
 camped at Bridgeport. 
 
 45 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 VETERANIZATION LEAVING BRIDGEPORT ARRIVING AT CINCIN 
 NATI REORGANIZATION AT CAMP DENNISON RETURN TO THE 
 FRONT A NEW SUTLER. 
 
 In June, 1863, the War Department issued an order, offering 
 as an inducement for re-enlistment, a thirty-day furlough, an ex 
 tra month s pay, and $402 as a bounty. 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT. 
 Adjutant General s Office. 
 
 WASHINGTON, June 25, 1863. 
 General Orders, No. 191. 
 
 FOR RECRUITING VETERAN VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 In order to increase the armies now in the field, volunteer in 
 fantry, cavalry and artillery may be enlisted at any time within 
 ninety days from this date, in the respective States, under the 
 regulations hereinafter mentioned. The volunteers so enlisted, 
 and such of the three years troops now in the field as may re- 
 enlist in accordance with the provisions of this order, will consti 
 tute a force to be designated "Veteran Volunteers." The regula 
 tions for enlisting this force are as follows : 
 
 I. The period of service for the enlistments and re-enlistments 
 above mentioned shall be for three years, or during the war. 
 
 II. All able-bodied men, between the ages of eighteen and 
 forty-five years, who have heretofore been enlisted, and have 
 served for a period of not less than nine months, and can pass 
 the examination required by the mustering regulations of the 
 United States may be enlisted under this order as Veteran Volun 
 teers, in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth. 
 
 III. Every volunteer enlisted and mustered into service as a 
 
 46 
 
Veteran under this order, shall be enlisted to receive from the 
 United States, one month s pay in advance, and a bounty and pre 
 mium of four hundred and two ($402) dollars. 
 
 *********** 
 
 VIII. After the expiration of ninety days from this date volun 
 teers serving in three years organizations, who may re-enlist for 
 three years or the war, shall be entitled to the aforesaid bounty 
 and premium of $402, to be paid in the manner herein provided 
 for other troops re-entering the service. The new term will com 
 mence from date of re-enlistment. 
 *********** 
 
 X. As soon after the expiration of their original terms of en 
 listment as the exigencies of the service will permit, a furlough 
 of thirty days will be granted to men who may re-enlist in accord 
 ance with the provisions of this order. 
 
 By Order of THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 D. E. TOWNSEND, 
 Assistant Adjutant General. 
 
 Between June and December, 1863, we were engaged in an 
 active, vigorous and progressive campaign, and no time to re 
 organize presented itself. Lying in winter quarters at Bridge 
 port in December, however, the subject of re-enlistment was 
 opened up. Every officer was expected to use his best influence. 
 Officers were not required to veteranize, as their commissions 
 were for three years from date and promotions were practically 
 new terms of service. Every inducement imaginable was held 
 out to the men. Privates were promised Corporalships. Corpor 
 als were to be Sergeants, and Sergeants were to be Lieutenants. 
 As soon as our regiment succeeded in getting enough re-enlist 
 ments to maintain the regimental organization, the field and staff, 
 and colors, together with company officers numbering all told 
 231, left Bridgeport January 27, 1864, via rail for Cincinnati, ar 
 riving at the O. & M. R. R. Co. depot, February ist, 1864. We 
 were met by a delegation of citizens who escorted us through the 
 principal streets of the city until we reached Mozart Hall, or the 
 Grand Opera House, corner of Vine and Longworth Streets, 
 where a reception was held. After this was over, the boys 
 ""broke ranks" for thirty days. 
 
 Headquarters were established in the basement of the hall, and 
 
 47 
 
here I distributed clothing during our stay in the city. The re 
 mainder of the furlough can be told by each survivor, as to how 
 he put in his time. The writer can say briefly, however, that the 
 full measure of enjoyment of his furlough was taken. Toward 
 the end of our furlough, March 1st, 1864, a grand Farewell Ball 
 and Flag Presentation was given the veterans of the regiment, 
 at the hall in Mechanics Institute, corner of Vine and Sixth 
 Streets. Everybody was there, and everybody s girl also. This 
 was the Grand Finale before going to camp again. 
 
 I was married February i8th, 1864, to Miss Augusta W. Zoin- 
 er of Cincinnati, and besides the members of her family, Colonel 
 Patrick, Dr. Tibbals and my faithful contraband, Elijah Ruffin, 
 were witnesses to the ceremony. I will not say that I regret being 
 married at this time, but it would have been better had we delayed 
 it until after the close of the war. One of the considerations of 
 the contract was that I would not re-enlist, and that I would re 
 turn at the expiration of my service. This I did on the I9th of 
 June, 1864, and was mustered out July 4, 1864, at Cincinnati. 
 Some severe criticisms were made because I refused to accept a 
 promotion to a Captaincy, while at Camp Dennison, reorganizing. 
 In explanation of this to Colonel Patrick, I had informed him of 
 my promise to my young wife, that I would retire after the expi 
 ration of my time. This was satisfactory to him, but not to Major 
 Symmes, who had me listed for a Captaincy, as well as promo 
 tions for others. My name was sent to the Governor and my 
 commission came, but was returned with endorsement, "promo 
 tion declined." This did not please Symmes. By retiring at 
 this time, I missed the most eventful period of the war, viz : "The 
 March to the Sea" and the "Grand Review" in Washington City, 
 at the close. This, I have always regretted. 
 
 At the expiration of the furlough, we were ordered to Camp 
 Dennison to reorganize. Many recruits were secured, and many 
 promotions were made, and we left for the front March 23d, ar 
 riving back at Bridgeport about March 26th, 1864. We took up 
 our old quarters. The non veterans appeared to enjoy our com 
 ing back. Every one had stories to tell of the time spent at 
 home. We were not long in falling into our regular routine of 
 camp life. Right here, I would like to record this little incident. 
 
 While in Cincinnati, Colonel Patrick made a contract with a 
 Jew by the name of Billigheimer to be our sutler. It was not 
 generally known while in the city, but shortly after our return to 
 
 48 
 
Bridgeport, the monotony of camp life was broken by the appear 
 ance of the Jew with a stock of goods. How he succeeded, and 
 what "scheming" he did to enable him to run the "blockade," 
 never was known. He opened up in the freight car at first, and 
 everybody far and wide, (within division lines) took advantage of 
 his presence. He was the first sutler we had had since the days 
 of old John Hunt, "Apple Butter John" as he was best known. 
 Billigheimer, "to make good with the Colonel," smuggled a cask 
 of "Nashville Best Brew" through in his car. Enough is known 
 that it came through all right and was "consumed." To show 
 our genuine hospitality, the Colonel suggested to the quarter 
 master (Paver) that fie invite a few officers from brigade, di 
 vision and regimental headquarters. Following the Colonel s 
 suggestion, the invitations were sent and I believe it entirely su 
 perfluous to say that they were most heartily and quickly accepted. 
 I shall never forget the occasion. Beer and wit flowed in quanti 
 ties to suit. The quartermaster of the 5th Ohio became "re 
 nowned." The festivities were kept up until midnight. Every 
 body was more or less feeling the effects of the entertainment, 
 so much so, that General Geary threatened us with arrest, unless 
 the "lights were put out immediately." That ended the fun. 
 
 49 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 FORWARD MOVEMENT 1864 CHANGE IN CORP ORGANIZATION 
 
 BATTLE OF MILL CREEK, GEORGIA BATTLE OF RES AC A, GEORGIA 
 
 CAPTURE OF FOUR GUN BATTERY ADVANCE PUMPKIN VINE 
 
 CREEK DEATH OF COLONEL PATRICK. 
 
 When the movement early in May commenced, all unnecessary 
 baggage was left behind, and five days rations were issued at a 
 time. Light marching orders had been issued. Tent flys for 
 officers, shelter tents for the men, one pack mule with cooking 
 utensils for officers messes, two wagons with rations for men and 
 horses, were the allowances for regiments. The general supply 
 trains were limited to carrying food, ammunition, clothing and 
 tools. 
 
 During our stay at Bridgeport, some slight changes had been 
 made in the organization of our corp the nth and I2th, with 
 Major General Butterfield s and Major General Ward s divisions, 
 were consolidated with us, and made the 2Oth under the command 
 of Major-General Joe Hooker. About May 3rd, we pulled stakes, 
 moved out, passing Lookout Mountain, to Ringgold, Ga., and 
 reaching Mill Creek, Ga., about the nth. Here occurred a severe 
 contest, a repulse with considerable loss. About three days after 
 this, we had moved up close toward Reseca, where the great 
 battle for the Four Gun Battery took place. Much has been 
 written as to whom the honor of digging them out belonged. 
 The records of the War Department clearly decrees that honor 
 to be the 5th Ohio Vol. Infantry s. I quote from the report. 
 "The guns remained between the armies until night, when they 
 were taken out and brought off by a detachment of the 5th Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel Kilpatrick." During all this 
 time, our supply train was within speaking distance of head quar 
 ters. The guns were taken during the night to Division Head 
 Quarters. By early morning, the rebel army had retired and 
 
 50 
 
with comrade Tom Folger, I rode up into the deserted and de 
 molished earth works. 
 
 The Army continued to advance as far as Cassville, where we 
 halted for a few days for rest, and from here, all sick and dis 
 abled ones were sent to the rear. About the 2Oth of May, we 
 crossed the Etowah River, and about the 25th, we were at or near 
 Pumpkin Vine Creek. Before crossing the creek and while our 
 command was temporarily at rest under arms, I was summoned 
 to report to Colonel Patrick for consultation. As I approached 
 to where he was sitting alone, waiting for me to report, the sharp 
 shooters caught sight of me, and many a whizzing ball came un 
 comfortably close. I was hailed by the boys to look out, or 
 "they would get me." Reporting to the Colonel, I found him in 
 a deep study, and the first words he said were, "I have a pre 
 sentiment that during the next advance, and to which all indi 
 cations point for its being a hard fight, I believe I won t get 
 through," saying which he handed me some rings and little trin 
 kets that had belonged to his wife, giving me instructions as to 
 whom they should be sent, should his presentiment of death 
 prove true. We did not talk long. The command went forward 
 and I retired to my post of duty. The attack was followed by 
 grape and canister, and it was getting toward night and rain 
 ing. In this advance, our Colonel received a mortal wound from 
 a canister shot, his horse having been killed about the same time. 
 His body was taken care of, and under the escort of Private 
 Samuel Hall Company C, was sent North, and afterwards was 
 buried in Wesleyan Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio. General Sher 
 man speaking of the engagement says, "Geary s White Star 
 division was the leading division in this movement. The night 
 was very dark, raining hard, and much confusion." All reports, 
 all records of the Atlanta Campaign from Bridgeport, November 
 1863, to Atlanta, 1864, show conclusively that the 2nd division, 
 2Oth Army corps, was continuously and actively engaged. There 
 is only one solution to this. They were fighters who came from 
 the eastern army. 
 
 After leaving Pumpkin Vine Creek, and advancing each day 
 until we had reached Big Shanty, about June 7th, we remained 
 until the I2th, when an order was received, ordering the non- 
 veterans, whose terms of service had about expired, to Chatta 
 nooga, to be mustered out, under the command of Lieut. Colonel 
 R. L. Kilpatrick. One officer from each company was instructed 
 
 51 
 
to go as far as Chattanooga, and make out the rolls, and then 
 return to their command. Shortly after they had gone, I re 
 ceived the following order, and overtook them at Chattanooga, 
 remaining until the rolls were made, and making all necessary 
 arrangements for transportation to Cincinnati. Before leaving 
 Big Shanty, I transferred all the quarter master stores to Lieut. 
 Alex. Mott. Sergeant Joseph L. Gaul, Company C was made 
 Commissary Sergeant, and Peter A. Cozine, Company K was 
 made Quarter Master Sergeant. 
 
 (Here follows my order.) 
 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND. 
 
 BIG SHANTY, GA., June I2th, 1864. 
 Special Field Order 160: 
 
 EXTRACT. 
 
 VI. ist Lieut. /. M. Paver, R. Q. M., 5th Ohio Infty. will be 
 relieved from duty in this Department on the I5th Inst, and ac 
 company that portion of his Regiment whose terms of service 
 expired at that time, to Ohio, for the purpose of being mustered 
 out. 
 
 The Quarter Master s Dep m t will furnish the necessary trans- 
 portation. 
 
 By Command of Major-General Thomas. 
 
 ist Lieut. J. M. Paver, 
 
 R. Q. M. 5th Ohio Infty. 
 
 WM. D. WHIFFLES, 
 
 Assistant Adjutant Genl. 
 
 The men going home at this time did not represent the regular 
 organization, as it was in the field. The non-veterans were mus 
 tered out at Chattanooga, June 2Oth, 1864, receiving their final 
 pay a few days later, at Cincinnati. I have been unable to secure 
 a strictly accurate or exact report of those who did not veter 
 anize, but from correspondence along this question, with a num 
 ber of the boys, it is safe to say that the number was between 225 
 and 250. A great reception awaited them, being escorted through 
 the city to Mozart Hall, and here the jollification reached its 
 highest pitch. One thing I recollect was that while Colonel Kil- 
 patrick and myself were traveling with the men from Chatta- 
 
nooga, there was no controlling them, and each man was 
 apparently his own commander. They had been mustered out 
 and were free, while the Colonel and myself were still officers 
 in the service. 
 
 I was mustered out in Cincinnati, July 4th, 1864, and after 
 having worn the blue uniform for over three years, I felt a lit 
 tle queer to be once more clad in civilian clothes. I did not at 
 tempt to keep a tally on the total number of miles that I passed 
 over from my enlistment until my muster-out, nor search any 
 records to obtain this, as it does not figure as an essential fact. 
 
 53 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 FINAL REMARKS CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 During the years that have passed and those that will pass until 
 the last Union Soldier shall pass away, his right to criticism will 
 be shown. I am liberal enought to say that his motives were 
 good, and he was a child of circumstances, sworn to uphold the 
 institutions of his Country, protect the flag and obey orders. 
 Jealousy characterized the actions of many officers, as well as 
 enlisted men toward each other. Severe criticisms were made 
 throughout the entire service. There are names of men on the 
 rolls who never did any real active service during the war; nev 
 ertheless, they are getting the same pension, in some instances 
 more, than what is being paid to men who went through the en 
 tire war. But, their object was a good one. They took the oath 
 and were subject to the conditions of the hour and yet there 
 will be grumbling and growling as long as a Union Soldier lives. 
 Much has been said about the characteristics of different mem 
 bers of the regiment. It might be well to quote the following: 
 
 "There is so much good in the worst of us, 
 And so much bad in the best of us, 
 That it hardly becomes any of us 
 To talk about the rest of us." 
 
 I will quote one verse from an original poem by Dr. John Clark 
 Ridpath. 
 
 "On old Cedar Mountain s side, 
 
 By Rappahannock s tide 
 At Antietam s bloody bridge, 
 
 On the Cemetery Ridge, 
 From the Tennessee s red banks, 
 
 Hard on Johnston s broken flanks, 
 To Atlanta s walls and through, 
 
 Marched the men that wore the blue." 
 
 54 
 
In answer to a letter from me, the Adjutant General of Ohio, 
 February 1/j.th, 1906, says: "Report of the Adjutant General of 
 Ohio for the year 1864 shows that 127 members of the 5th O. V. 
 I. re-enlisted as Veteran Volunteers. The Veteran Credit Rec 
 ord bears the names of 131 men, which is probably nearer cor 
 rect." 
 
 I have been unable to secure the exact number that did not vet 
 eranize, but statements received from many of my comrades all 
 declare that the number that did veteranize was nearer 231 than 
 as the Adjutant General has it only 131. 
 
 I have written my own personal recollections, and no one s else. 
 I am fully aware that no three witnesses ever agreed on all the 
 details of the operations of any particular affair. To bear me out 
 in this assertion, I quote right here something General Sher 
 man says in his memoirs : "In this free Country, every man is at 
 perfect liberty to publish his own thoughts and impressions, and 
 every witness who may differ from me, should publish his own 
 version of facts in a truthful narration, in which he is inter 
 ested." 
 
 I gratefully acknowledge favors from those who have so 
 kindly refreshened dim spots in my memory of those long past 
 days and take pleasure in naming among them Captain Stephen 
 Coddington, Captain Alex. Mott, Captain Joseph L. Gaul, Lieu 
 tenant Timmons, Major Gaskill, Comrade William H. Knight, 
 Comrade John B. Hoffman, Colonel Charles Candy, 66th O. V. I. 
 
 The preceeding pages are to be taken as personal recollections 
 of a part of my experiences and observations as a soldier of the 
 United States during the War of the Rebellion. 
 
 In reviewing these years of the past, I see where many acts 
 of mine might have been improved upon at the time, but what 
 was done by me then, was done with the best of motives and with 
 honest intentions. 
 
 Many opportunities for advancement in other departments 
 were presented to me and that I declined to further my interests 
 by accepting any one of them, was due solely to my reluctance 
 to sever my relations with the men with whom I had entered the 
 service and with whom I earnestly desired to associate until the 
 time of enlistment was ended. 
 
 To the memory of those old comrades who have answered to 
 the "last call", I give a loving thought. My surviving com 
 rades, I hold in grateful remembrance. Those days of strife, 
 
 55 
 
of suffering, with here and there even bright spots of jovial com 
 panionship and happy experiences, are green spots in Memory s 
 fields. To these old comrades, I give the hope that Providence 
 in His mercy will grant them yet many years of health and hap 
 piness. 
 
 As an after-thought, and for the benefit of such of my old 
 comrades who might not have had access to the original pub 
 lication I here include the report of the record made by the Fifth 
 Ohio Infantry, during its service. This record is taken from the 
 book published by Wm. F. Fox, Lieutenant Col. U. S. V., in 
 1888, entitled, "Regimental Losses in the American Civil War," 
 and found on page 311, under the sub-title of "Three hundred 
 Fighting Regiments." The record is especially full and com 
 plete. It is as follows: 
 
 FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY 
 Candy s Brigade Geary s Division Twelfth Corps 
 
 (1 ) Col. Samuel H. Dunning (2) Col. John H. Patrick (3) Col. Robert Kirkup 
 
 (Killed) 
 
 Companies 
 
 Killed and Died of Wounds 
 
 Died of Disease, Accidents 
 in Prison, etc. 
 
 Total 
 
 Enroll 
 ment 
 
 Officers 
 
 Men 
 
 Total 
 
 Officers 
 
 Men 
 
 Total 
 
 Field and Staff. . 
 Company A 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 15, 
 7 
 
 4 
 15 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 1 
 7 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 228 
 181 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 180 
 
 D..... 
 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 135 
 
 E 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 197 
 
 F 
 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 173 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 199 
 
 H 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 152 
 
 I 
 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 103 
 
 K 
 Totals 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 190 
 
 9 
 
 137 
 
 146 
 
 2 
 
 55 
 
 57 
 
 1751 
 
 Total of Killed and Wounded 537 
 Of the 914 originally enrolled, 129 were killed or 13.7 per cent 
 
 56 
 
Battles K. & M. W. 
 
 Scouting party, Va. Sept. 16, 1861 I 
 
 Romney, W. Va 2 
 
 Kernstown, Va 23 
 
 Port Republic, Va 13 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va 31 
 
 Antietam, Md 16 
 
 Dumfries, Va 3 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va 15 
 
 Gettysburg, Pa 5 
 
 Culpepper C. H. Va I 
 
 Dalton, Ga I 
 
 Resaca, Ga 5 
 
 New Hope Church, Ga 15 
 
 Pine Knob, Ga I 
 
 Kennesaw Mountain, Ga 4 
 
 Peach Tree Creek, Ga 4 
 
 Siege of Atlanta, Ga 5 
 
 North Edisto, S. C I 
 
 Present also at Lookout Mountain, Tenn. ; Rocky Face Ridge, 
 Ga. ; Gulp s Farm, Ga. ; Siege of Savannah ; Bentonville, N. C. ; 
 The March to the Sea ; The Carolinas. 
 
 NOTES. Recruited in April, 1861, for three months service, 
 but before the regiment was fully organized and equipped, the 
 call for three-years men was made, whereupon it volunteered 
 for three years and was mustered in on the 2ist of June. It 
 served in West Virginia until March, 1862, when it moved with 
 Shield s Division up the Shenandoah Valley, and participated 
 in the battle of Kernstown, where it lost 18 killed, and 32 
 wounded; also, at Port Republic, where it lost 4 killed, 63 
 wounded, and 197 captured or missing. At Cedar Mountain, it 
 fought in Geary s Brigade, Augur s Division, with a loss of 14 
 killed, 104 wounded, and 4 missing, out of 275 engaged. At 
 Antietam it was in Tyndale s (ist) Brigade, Greene s (2d) Di 
 vision, Twelfth Corps; loss, n killed, 35 wounded, and 2 miss 
 ing. At Chancellorsville, then in Candy s Brigade, it lost 6 
 killed, 52 wounded, and 24 missing; and at Gettysburg, 2 killed 
 and 1 6 wounded. In September, 1863, the regiment accom 
 panied the Twelfth Corps to Tennessee, where it reenforced 
 the Army at Chattanooga, and fought at Lookout Mountain. 
 
 57 
 
In April, 1864, the Twelfth Corps, was combined with part of the 
 Eleventh Corps and renumbered, becoming the Twentieth, but 
 the regiment still remained in Geary s Division, and the men 
 still wore the white stars on their caps. The Fifth was present at 
 the hard fighting of the Atlanta Campaign, during which Colonel 
 Patrick was killed, at the battle of New Hope Church, and Major 
 Henry E. Symmes fell mortally wounded at Kennesaw. 
 
 58 
 
STATE OF OHIO 
 ADJUTANT GENERAL S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 COLUMBUS, March 5, 1906. 
 
 THIS is To CERTIFY that it is shown by the official record of 
 this office, of which I am the lawful custodian, that John M. 
 Paver of Cincinnati, Ohio, was commissioned by the Governor 
 of Ohio Second Lieutenant in the Fifth Regiment, O. V. I. July 
 15, 1861, to rank from June n, 1861, to fill an original vacancy. 
 
 Commissioned by the same authority First Lieutenant, same 
 regiment, May 29, 1862, to rank from April 26, 1862, vice 
 Lewis C. Robinson, promoted to captain, same regiment, May 
 29, 1862, to rank from April 26, 1862, vice Jacob Romley, 
 resigned April 27, 1862. 
 
 Commissioned by the same authority Captain in the same regi 
 ment March 3, 1864, to rank from March 3, 1864, vice Ben J. 
 Jelliff, Jr., resigned, January 30, 1864. John M. Paver declined 
 captain s commission and was mustered out as First Lieutenant 
 and Regimental Quartermaster, July 4, 1864, by reason of end 
 of term of service. 
 
 O. H. HUGHES, 
 Adjutant General of Ohio. 
 
 59 
 
TRANSCRIPT FROM THE WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 JOHN M. PAVER. 
 
 Entered service as private and mustered in as 2nd Lieutenant, 
 Co. C, 5th Ohio Vol. Infantry, April 19, 1861. 
 
 Regiment organized at Camp Harrison near Cincinnati, Ohio 
 for three months service, and mustered in May 8, 1861. 
 
 Moved to Camp Dennison May 23, and on duty there until July 
 10. 
 
 Regiment reorganized for three years service at Camp Denni 
 son and recommissioned as 2nd Lieut. Co. C, June 19, 1861. 
 
 Promoted to ist Lieut. April 26, 1862. 
 
 Regimental Quartermaster, June 23, 1863. 
 
 Left State with Regiment under orders for West Virginia, 
 July 10, 1861. 
 
 Duty at Grafton, Clarksburg, Oakland and Parkersburg, W. 
 Va., until Aug. 5th. 
 
 Attached to Kelly s Command, W. Va., Aug. 1861 to March 
 1862. 
 
 2-Brig. Shields 2-Div. Banks 5-Corps to April, 1862. 
 
 3-Brig. i-Div. of the Rappahannock to June, 1862. 
 
 2-Brig. i-Div. 2-Corps Army of Va. to July and i-Brig. 
 2-Corps Army of Va. to Sept., 1862. 
 
 i-Brig. 2-Div. 12-Corps Army of the Potomac and Army 
 of the Cumberland to April, 1864. 
 
 i-Brig. 2-Div. 2O-Corps Army of Ga. to July, 1864. 
 
 SERVICE. 
 
 Duty at Buckhannon, W. Va., until Nov. 3, 1861. Action at 
 French Creek Nov. 3, Picket duty near Romney until Jany., 1862. 
 Action near Romney Dec. 8, 1861. 
 Expedition to Blue s Gap, Jany. 6-7, 1862. 
 Blue s Camp, Jany. 7. 
 
 60 
 
Reconn. to Bloomery Furnace Feby. 12. 
 Advance on Winchester March 7-15. 
 Reconn. to Strassburg March 18-21. 
 Battle of Winchester March 22-23. 
 Edenburg April I. 
 New Market April 17. 
 
 March to Fredericksburg May 12-21, and to Port Republic 
 May 25-June 7. 
 
 Front Royal May 30-31, Battle of Port Republic June 9. 
 
 Battle of Cedar Mountain Aug. 9. 
 
 Pope s Virginia Campaign Sept. 2. 
 
 Rappahannock River Aug. 21-25. 
 
 White Sulphur Springs Aug. 26. 
 
 Gainesville Aug. 28, Groveton Aug. 29. 
 
 Battle of Bull Run Aug. 30. 
 
 Battle of South Mountain, Md. Sept. 14. 
 
 Battle of Antietam, Md. Sept. 16-17. 
 
 Duty at Boliver Heights until Dec. 
 
 Reconn. to Lovettsville, Oct. 21. 
 
 Reconn. to Winchester, Dec. 6-7. 
 
 Skirmish at Charlestown Dec. 6. 
 
 Dumfries, Dec. 27. 
 
 Burnside s 2nd Campaign, "Mud March" Jany. 20-24, 1863. 
 
 Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6, 1863. 
 
 Battle of Chancellorsville, May 1-5. 
 
 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. July 1-14. 
 
 Pursuit of Lee to Manassas Gap, Va. July 6-24. 
 
 Duty at New York City, Aug. i6-Sept. 8. 
 
 Movement to Bridgeport, Ala. Sept. 26-Oct. 4. 
 
 Battle of Wauhatchie, Oct. 28-29. 
 
 Battles of Chattanooga, Nov. 23-25. 
 
 Lookout Mountain Nov. 23-24. 
 
 Mission Ridge Nov. 25. 
 
 Ringgold, Ga. Nov. 27. 
 
 Atlanta Campaign May to July, 1864. 
 
 Movements of Dalton May 5-9. 
 
 Action at Dug Gap, May 8. 
 
 Rocky Faced Ridge, May 8-n. 
 
 Battle of Resaca, May 13-15. 
 
 Adairsville, May 17-18. 
 
 Cassville May 19-22. 
 
 61 
 
New Hope Church May 25. 
 
 Battles about Dallas, Pumpkin Vine Creek and Allantoona 
 Hills May 26- June 5. 
 
 OPERATIONS ABOUT MARIETTA AND AGAINST KENNESAW MOUN 
 TAIN JUNE 9-JuLY i. 
 
 Pine Hill June 11-14. 
 Lost Mountain June 15-17. 
 Gilgal or Golgotha Church June 15. 
 Muddy Creek June 17. 
 Noves Creek June 19. 
 Assault on Kennesaw June 27. 
 
 Mustered out July 4, 1864, expiration of term and honorable 
 discharge from service. 
 
 62 
 
ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE REUNION OF THE STH O. V. INFAN 
 TRY, CINCINNATI, OHIO, SEPTEMBER 8, 1898. 
 
 It is impossible for me to indulge in any flowery language or 
 make any pretensions to gifted rhetoric. I can speak to you only 
 as one of you. I can speak to you upon matters and things that 
 are vivid in the minds of us all. I claim nothing, other than 
 being a Comrade. One who has shared with you the hardships 
 and dangers ; who has "drank from the same canteen/ and slept 
 under the same blanket. 
 
 This occasion vividly revives the past and it rises before me 
 like a dream. A panorama in the brain unrolls, and I see again 
 all the glitter and pomp and glory of war; all its horrors, its 
 misery and sorrows and yet, withal, on an occasion like this, 
 comes a spirit of enthusiasm. To me, the history of the war is 
 an absorbing study. I have many volumes upon the subject, 
 but Ohio s Roster attracts my particular attention. This, my 
 favorite volume, contains the names of the members of my regi 
 ment. As I turn leaf after leaf, I see there the names of school 
 boy friends, who also answered to the Nation s call. Many came 
 not back. Over many of those that did return, "Taps" have been 
 sounded. Time seems to have dealt kindly with those of us who 
 still answer to roll-call, and although Time s frost is on some 
 heads, some eyes dimmer and feet slower, yet, the hearts are 
 young, especially on an occasion like this. 
 
 I was a young man when the "Evil days came" upon us; I 
 remember well that the State of Ohio had no organized military 
 law or system at that time. There were a few militia organiza 
 tions in our city. However, they were upon an individual or 
 company basis. When Sumter s Guns were heard in protest, 
 the War Spirit invaded the home of every citizen of the State, 
 and the result is known to the survivors of those stormy days. 
 
 In the organization of our regiment, we had the benefit of a 
 wide selection. We had the youth and the vigor of the land. 
 
 63 
 
We had the sturdy, rugged and vigorous farmer s boy; the la 
 borer from his axe ; the mechanic from his bench ; the clerk from 
 his desk ; the business man from his office ; the professor, the doc 
 tor, the lawyer and the minister of the gospel. 
 
 About the time of the breaking out of the Rebellion, there 
 was a temporary organization of young men, ranging in age 
 from eighteen to twenty-two, brought together more for social 
 purposes than otherwise. These companies had paraded once 
 or twice through the streets of Cincinnati, and their so-called 
 uniform, at the time, was looked upon with curiosity ; their three- 
 cornered hats; their three-buttoned cut-aways impromptu style, 
 and trimmed with buff colored muslin, their white wigs, their 
 pants tucked in their boots: carrying guns and cartridge boxes , 
 but no knap-sacks, and were looked upon then as fair represen 
 tatives of the Continental Soldier of 1776. If my memory serves 
 me right, this was the nucleus of the 5th Ohio Infantry, and was 
 afterwards designated as companies "A," "E" and "K." 
 
 The next distinguishing feature of our regiment was the ap 
 pearance in Camp of two companies whose basis of organiza 
 tion was noticeable by an occasional appearance in their gaudy 
 highland costumes, entailing a provoking exhibit of naked 
 knees representative men from the land of Burns and Bruce. 
 This exposure of bare skin was, however, short-lived. Uncle 
 Sam had dictated the costume, and all fancy trappings were laid 
 aside for more durable uniforms. These Highlanders became 
 a part of Companies "B" and "D." The next organization which 
 is worthy of some particular mention was the child of a parent 
 organization, which had gone forward under the first call of the 
 President to Washington, with the 2nd Ohio Infantry. I refer 
 to the 2nd company of Zouaves and known in our regiment as 
 Company "G." 
 
 I recall our first march of recruits to Camp Harrison. How 
 amusing was the miscellaneous apparel of the boys, and particu 
 larly the ridiculous caricature of myself wearing a half faded 
 military coat that had been worn by a member of the old Guards, 
 whose weight was about two hundred and fifty pounds, and 
 whose rotundity of body was in keeping with his weight, and I, 
 a mere youth of twenty-two, trying to impersonate a soldier of 
 such magnitude. With me on that dusty pike marched a man 
 at the head of our company whose sterling qualities, bravery, 
 and heroism can never be questioned. An ideal soldier, irascible 
 
 64 
 
at times, a model on march, never shirking duty or sparing him 
 self any exposure, and in battle whose cool, calm and deliberate 
 actions won for him the confidence of all. It is probably un 
 necessary for me to mention the name as you will readily call to 
 mind the fearless and intrepid Captain Symmes of Company 
 "C," now sleeping the "sleep that knows no waking." 
 
 Let us look still farther, and here is another detachment. Like 
 its parent, it also was on the march to Washington, and this is 
 the second Company of the Cincinnati Zouaves, with Horton, 
 Booth and Moore in command. They were afterwards assigned 
 to Company "G." 
 
 The next organization was a company of printers from the 
 different printing offices of the city, headed by Collins, Arm 
 strong, and Timmons, making Company "I." Company "H", 
 led by Captain Fletcher, was a miscellaneous company. The avo 
 cation of many had been upon the water crafts and as employees 
 of hotels. Company "F" was made up mostly of young men from 
 the west end of Cincinnati from the brick yards, and draymen 
 and clerks, led by Captain Gaines. Now, this little synopsis will 
 refresh your minds as to the general makeup of our regiment. 
 This miscellaneous organization went into camp April 20, 1861, 
 formed its regimental organization and mustered into service 
 May 9, 1861, to date from April 2Oth, for three months. Then 
 came the call for three years enlistment and the result of this was 
 that on June iQth we were mustered in for three years. On 
 July 10, 1861, we left Camp Dennison for the seat of war in West 
 Virginia. Our experiences were varied. Some were hazardous, 
 and all were tedious and tiresome, tramping around after bush 
 whackers until the movement was made eastward and the ad 
 vancement in the spring of 1862 brought more activity, more or 
 ganized methods in the art of war. 
 
 The concentration of troops in the spring of 1862 ; the advance 
 on Winchester in March ; the reconnoissance of Strassburg and 
 the ultimate battle of Winchester March 23, need no reminder 
 from me. The march to Newmarket in April, Fredericksburg 
 in May and the battle of Port Republic on June 9 ; the retrograde 
 movement through Luray Valley to the Plains of Manassas, 
 Pope s Campaign, Second Bull Run, battle of Antietam, Bolivar 
 Heights and finally landing at Dumfries in December, 1862, for 
 winter quarters ended an eventful year in our experience. 
 
 The year 1863 opened with great preparations and a determina- 
 
 65 
 
tion to reach Richmond by the rear, under General Hooker. 
 The campaign opened the latter part of April, 1863 the advance 
 commenced immediately, and those survivors who are present 
 will never forget our experience at Chancellorsville from May 
 ist to 5th ; then came our return to the north side of the Rappa- 
 hannock river ; our chase to the fortifications of Washington and 
 the flanking at Gettysburg and afterwards the pursuit of General 
 Lee to the Plains of Manassas. 
 
 At this point our base of operations was unexpectedly changed 
 from the dreary, down-trodden soil of Virginia to the beautiful 
 waters of the Chesapeake and the mighty, rolling Atlantic, until 
 we reached the great city of New York, or rather Governors 
 Island, where we had been ordered to hold ourselves in readiness 
 to suppress a riot. This stay at New York was a great treat to 
 us. We, who had weathered many a storm, and lived on army 
 rations, to be thrown so suddenly in the midst of such luxuries, 
 was too much for us to withstand long. We were on this duty 
 from August 15, to September 8, returning to the Army of the 
 Potomac shortly after September loth. On September 26th, our 
 movement commenced to Bridgeport, Alabama. Sixty days from 
 the time we landed on Governors Island, we were in the Wau- 
 hatchie Tennessee Valley, engaging the enemy. This entailed a 
 long trip by rail through many states. We were skipped past in 
 the very sight of our homes without the permission of at least 
 saying a word to our friends and our parents, and struck the on 
 ward movement and engaged in the attack on Lookout Mountain, 
 November 23 to 25. 
 
 Of our winter quarters at Bridgeport; the veteranizing of a 
 portion of our regiment; the Atlantic Campaign from May to 
 July; the battles about Dallas, Pumpkin Vine Creek, Marietta, 
 Kenesaw Mountain, and finally the return of the non-veterans 
 from Big Shanty, Georgia, all of this undoubtedly remains perma 
 nently established in your minds. At this point of my reminis 
 cences I must stop and leave the remainder of our regiment s 
 service to the care of some other member to complete, as, on 
 July 4th, 1864, I once more donned citizen s clothes. 
 
 It is very gratifying to me to know that I am speaking to many 
 of my schoolboy companions, who will today call again to mind 
 the exciting times of the first enlistments. Enlistment scenes are 
 usually pictured with considerable enthusiasm, but with me, I 
 must confess, that time was a little mixed. What a change has 
 
 66 
 
taken place. The boys of 61, light, active and merry, are today 
 the middle-aged and old men of 98. God in his manifold kind 
 ness has dealt kindly with many of us. Comrades, it is a source 
 of extreme pleasure to me to be able to be with you here today. 
 Thirty-eight years have passed since the commencement of the 
 deadly strife. 
 
 To many of you, whom I have not seen before for many years, 
 I desire to express myself in most exalted terms, of your service 
 in the late war, and renew my pledge to you as a comrade. To 
 those whom I have seen more frequently, my pledge of loyalty 
 has been renewed time and time again. 
 
 I rejoice that those who are here today have been spared. I 
 rejoice that it has been my pleasure to renew acquaintance with 
 many of those whom I have not seen for years and re-establish 
 that old friendship, so dear to my heart. You and I can say 
 truthfully, it was not a question of dollars and cents with us to 
 enter the service. It was a question of loyalty to, and mainte 
 nance of, the principles of our government. 
 
 Some of the older members left families of dependent little 
 children. It was not the paltry soldier s pay that you were seek 
 ing. There were no riches in sight in this enterprise. And 
 what was the result? Many of our poor comrades were left on 
 Southern Battlefields; many came back maimed in body, broken 
 in health. And now, after all these years, we come and ask our 
 government to make some fitting recompense in these, our last 
 days. Why is not the fact that our names appear upon the Mus 
 ter Rolls of our country, a sufficient guarantee that we are en 
 titled to a grateful consideration ? Are we to run the gauntlet of 
 criticising boards ; skeptical physicians men who are not in a 
 position to know the proper ailments of the applicant? Why are 
 we compelled to scour the country from ocean to ocean to secure 
 some missing link or thread in our lives, to verify our demands 
 for pensions? I say to you, comrades, this is ungrateful. Our 
 records are shown by our Muster Rolls ; our term of service is 
 prima facie evidence, calling for at least an honorable protection 
 in the way of sufficient consideration from the mighty nabobs 
 who sit on their thrones in Washington. These are cold facts, 
 my Comrades, yet I have no delicacy in making known upon what 
 foundation I take my stand. The men who left their homes in 
 the defense of the government, should have the protection of that 
 government ; should be compensated by amounts of sufficient size, 
 
 67 
 
a full appreciation of their services. And how was it after the 
 muster out? We were turned adrift to commence life anew. 
 We spent some of the golden days of our lives, standing up to be 
 shot at for our Country s Cause, not for the pitiful sum called 
 "soldiers pay," and now, in our declining years, we are appealing 
 to our government for some fitting recompense. For many years 
 after the war, I confess I had pronounced ideas as to what should 
 be the basis of a pension, and, while my opinion was then of a 
 rather cold and rigid nature, I stand here today and say to you 
 that the temper has been taken out of me and I am a convert to 
 the pensioning of all old soldiers, according to their several dis 
 abilities. In my judgment, there is not a comrade here today 
 but who has a good claim, if he will only prosecute it. 
 
 Much has been said of the validity of pension claims. A claim 
 once adjudicated is valid and all the courts of our land have sup 
 ported it. 
 
 Before I close, I desire to compliment the members who have 
 had this Reunion in charge. One thing that I regret, as I know 
 you do also, is that we have not with us today many comrades 
 who were recognized as staunch, reliable and brave men during 
 the trying times of our Army life. 
 
 So then, on this occasion with us, "let joy be unconfmed." On 
 with the festivities. No sleep until each participant around this 
 festive board is given an opportunity to vent his feelings ; to give 
 some personal experience during his service as a member of this 
 organization. 
 
 Let no heavy sound of snoring men or imaginary cannonading 
 disturb our pleasure. No mountings of fiery steeds, no rapid form 
 ing of battle lines, no beating of alarming drums, no cracking of 
 musketry on the skirmish line to mar our pleasure. We do not 
 fear marching orders, unless we get too boisterous, and then, our 
 good friend, Colonel Deitch, the chief of police, will see that we 
 are "treated with leniency" and kindly dealt with. 
 
 Thanking you for your attention, Comrades, I extend to you 
 the right hand of Comradeship, and hope that for the remaining 
 few years of life, our happiness may be two-fold. I wish to close 
 my remarks by reading the lines of a writer unknown to me, en 
 titled: 
 
 68 
 
THAT RARE OLD LAUGH. 
 
 Where is your happy laugh, comrades, 
 
 That used to ring out so free ? 
 Somehow, my ears ache for it, 
 
 As I heard it in eighteen sixty-three; 
 You smile on me such a mournful smile, 
 
 And chuckle so faint and low, 
 Your laugh is only the ghost of the laugh 
 
 That you laughed so long ago. 
 
 Your hair was black as the beetle s wing, 
 
 And your voices were brave and strong ; 
 And whether the battle was fierce and wild, 
 
 Or the march was hard and long, 
 That old laugh of yours would ring, 
 
 When a comrade needed cheer, 
 And shake the wrinkles of care out smooth, 
 
 With its echoes glad and clear. 
 
 When rations were short and springs were dry, 
 
 And your tongue was swollen thick, 
 I ve heard your cheery old laugh ring high, 
 
 Coming down on the double quick, 
 Along the lines ran a thrill of joy, 
 
 With answering laugh and shout ; 
 For the boys caught on to the anchor of hope, 
 
 Whenever your laugh rang out. 
 
 You laughed when you hobbled back to us, 
 
 With gun and bandage and sling, 
 "To bind two wounds at once," 
 
 "Was a wonderful sort of thing." 
 I can hear you call when the ague froze, 
 
 Or the fever burned your brow ; 
 "It s no trick to be cool, or task to get warm, 
 
 If you only just know how." 
 
 69 
 
But where has your old laugh gone, my comrades, 
 
 And why has it died away? 
 I knew that you must be bent and old, 
 
 And your hair and beard gray, 
 But the old laugh that you used to laugh, 
 
 I had thought to hear ring out 
 From your old lips till my soul would stand 
 
 Tiptoe on the hills and shout. 
 
 Subdued and saddened and softened down 
 
 By the stress of our social ways, 
 Your laugh is timed to the steps of age, 
 
 Not the marches of former days ; 
 Its bugle calls to the double quick 
 
 Shall never be heard again ; 
 Tis now the treble of "Soldier s Rest" 
 
 Not the Marseillaise of men. 
 
 But let us remember the laughs of old, 
 
 And remember the comrades strong, 
 And shake hands with a right good-will, 
 
 As we join in story and song; 
 For the war, and the boys and the deeds will soon 
 
 Be but memory, history, love, 
 But we ll be friends till the bugle sounds 
 
 To join in the ranks above. 
 
 And there, in that happy world, somewhere, 
 
 Sometime, when the winds are low, 
 And we can hear back in the far-away, 
 
 Sweet sounds that we used to know, 
 I think we shall hear your old laugh 
 
 Ring o er the golden bars 
 Till we shall lean on the hills and shout, 
 
 "Three cheers for the stripes and stars." 
 
 70 
 
ADDRESS AT NATIONAL MILITARY HOME, DAYTON, OHIO, 
 TO ENCAMPMENT UNION VETERAN LEGION, 
 
 January, 1895. 
 Comrades : 
 
 Usually under such circumstances as these and in accordance 
 with the Ritual of our order, the Installing Officer is expected to 
 make some remarks. It is reasonable to expect the remarks to 
 be in sympathy with the surrounding circumstances. If I had 
 been invited to address an assembly of theological students, or to 
 speak at a political meeting, or to take part in a debate on the 
 merits of some scientific problem, I certainly would have de 
 clined such an invitation; but, as I am to make some remarks 
 where my audience is composed of comrades of the Union Army, 
 and their friends, I feel myself on familiar ground, and perfectly 
 at home. 
 
 I receive many invitations to appear under like circumstances, 
 and when my business will permit, I take pleasure in rendering 
 as much service as I possibly can in the performance of these du 
 ties. I make no pretensions as a speaker, and crave your in 
 dulgence. 
 
 Some ten years ago I had the pleasure of visiting this Home, 
 and saw many of my old comrades. Today, in sorrow, I find 
 many of those whom I met on my first visit have passed away. 
 I have visited the Homes at Milwaukee, Hampton and Marion in 
 the last few years, and find there comrades whom I met in active 
 service during the Rebellion. In each of these places, the old 
 soldiers are well provided for. At each Home they have en 
 campments of the Union Veteran Legion, a part of this grand 
 organization which numbers in the aggregate ten thousand men. 
 The records of those constituting this body of Veterans are writ 
 ten indelibly in the history of this country. "Their deeds are 
 glittering embellishments upon their banners that will live for 
 ages to come. The theatre of war lying within the territorial 
 
 71 
 
boundaries of the several states, is painted vividly in the minds 
 of its survivors. The records of individual bravery are among 
 the archives of the War Department." 
 
 Every comrade that is eligible should be a member of this 
 great and grand Order. His long service at the front tested his 
 manhood and proved his patriotism. There should be no strag 
 glers. Our Army was of the very best material. Not a host of 
 conscripts. The insignificant pay of the soldier was no induce 
 ment to take him to the front. He was not in search of riches. 
 He went forward into the ranks because he loved his country. 
 He loved his flag and the principles that it represented. His 
 thoughts and aims were of the broadest character. 
 
 A large percentage of our membership is also members of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic. Those who enlisted prior to July, 
 1863, had but the one object, and that of the preservation of the 
 Union. The Union Veteran Legion does not question the patriot 
 ism or bravery of those who enlisted subsequent to this date. 
 The tenets of our order are Fraternity, Charity and Patriotism. 
 
 Almost thirty-four years have passed since the volunteers of 
 61, 62 and 63, full of life and energy, splendid in manliness, 
 perfect in physique, marched out in defense of the Union. Today 
 the survivors show the weight of years. We are "passing in re 
 view." The reviewing officer has been reached; the column is 
 moving enmasse. Our steps are shorter. The final halt will 
 soon come. 
 
 When the call for troops was made, were you asked to which 
 of the great political parties you belonged before you enlisted? 
 No ! At that hour, there was but one great party, and that was 
 the party of and for the Union. Democrats and Republicans 
 vied with each other in their earnestness in the emergency. Why 
 then, at this late day, does there exist such feelings toward men 
 whose only ambition was to save the Union? Why, then, does 
 the generation that has grown up since, desire to retire the "Old 
 Soldier?" I fear we are getting to be "back numbers." I fear 
 that the pace of the period in which we live is too rapid for us, 
 and that we are being relegated to the rear. We are lost in the 
 foam, spray and mists of the seething whirlpool of the times. 
 
 A history of the war has never yet, and possibly never will be 
 written that does justice to all. Much has been written, but the 
 historians, as a rule, write upon the actions of certain organiza 
 tions and speak in extravagant terms of many prominent leaders, 
 
 72 
 
forgetting those very men whose valor, strength and heroism 
 was the fountain-head of their successes. Heroic and daring 
 achievements were not confined to either division of the service. 
 Officers were no more fearless, as a rule, than the rank and file, 
 hence, a soldier whose service from 61 to 65 was uninterrupted is 
 certainly a veteran of the first rank. We call to our minds many 
 instances, where both officers and men, receiving very serious 
 wounds and recovering for the time, returned to their command 
 and rendered additional valuable services. Under such circum 
 stances, under such suffering, with all the opportunities open for 
 his return to civil life, he who returns to his duty, with his 
 wounds still unhealed, is, I feel like saying, a hero of heroes, and 
 should I follow this line of thought, I may well say that we have 
 in this country regiments of heroes of the late war. 
 
 Soon, all living participants will have answered the last roll call ; 
 the bugle s lip will have sounded for the last time "Lights Out ;" 
 then nothing will be left to tell of the heroic conduct of the 
 Union Army but history. Let an unappreciative public stop and 
 look at those tattered flags in our State Houses. Examine close 
 ly each regimental standard and therein is embodied a condensed 
 history of suffering, bravery and heroic deeds of the men who 
 have died under their folds, and of those who crept back maimed 
 and broken. It would be a task to obtain the history of each and 
 every flag, but enough can be seen ; enough can be read of each, 
 to plant in the minds of the generations to come, the bravery of 
 the American Volunteer. Many of those who so proudly carried 
 the flags into battle, now sleep in unknown graves under southern 
 skies. 
 
 We had very few officers at the breaking out of the Rebellion 
 who understood how to command and how to lead volunteers. 
 Our experience solved the problem for all time to come. I am of 
 the opinion that the Volunteer Army of the future will be the 
 National Guards of the several states. 
 
 On the subject of pensions, I have some opinions, but I will 
 not consume much of your time on that question. The Union 
 Volunteer Legion, as an organization, is pledged to a "Service 
 Pension" law, and there is no disguising that fact. We trust 
 that this statement will not harm the sensibilities of any of our 
 comrades here who may not be eligible to this order. All that 
 we ask is that the administration, present and future, be liberal. 
 
 And now while I have touched upon some thoughts which are 
 
 73 
 
uppermost in my mind, I desire to say that it should not be con 
 strued that we are unreasonable in our demands, and that those 
 who were called to defend the country in its time of danger, and 
 now in their decrepitude or physical weakness, should in these 
 "piping times of peace," share more liberally in the golden pros 
 perity of their country. Can any loyal citizen take exception to 
 this? 
 
 It has been my pleasure in the last few years to witness the 
 presentation to many of the public schools of my home city, 
 beautiful flags, given with appropriate exercises of a patriotic na 
 ture, I believe we should cultivate this sentiment. I believe that 
 an installing of patriotic sentiments should form a part of every 
 school system. It will be especially beneficial and lasting in its 
 influence on the rising generation. The flag should be looked 
 upon as the ensign of our country ; a symbol of perpetual loyalty 
 and patriotism. 
 
 Now, comrades, I love the old flag, and I say it boldly and 
 fearlessly that for America there is but one flag (the flag of our 
 forefathers ; the flag of the union, your flag and mine) that can 
 wave in this country, and that flag is the Star Spangled Banner. 
 "Is not this emblem a prophecy? Is not its white stripes a proph 
 ecy of purity ? Its red the consecrated life blood so freely given ? 
 Its blue a symbol of courage and faithfulness, and its galaxy of 
 stars set on blue, as the stars in heaven, not to be blotted out at 
 the will of any set of men or of any state, but to shine out in all 
 their glory and strength, a symbol of a united country?" 
 
 And now, Ohio. What shall I say about Ohio? Being a native 
 "Buckeye" I think I can speak of Ohio without being thought 
 egotistical. Yes, Ohio had great soldiers. What Ohioian that 
 visited the World s Fair, 1893, and gazed upon that brown pedes 
 tal in front of the Ohio State Building could help but feel some 
 inspiration, feel proud that they were native to so grand a state 
 as Ohio. Note the embodied thought in this pedestal, surmounted 
 by life sized figures of Grant, Sherman, Garfield, Chase and Stan- 
 ton, typifying as it did the greatness of this state. The thous 
 ands of people who passed could not fail to observe the gentle 
 Cornelia, standing as it were, pointing to this galaxy of heroes, 
 and the boldly carved letters that said, "Look ye, these are my 
 jewels." What a conception! What a thought, my comrades. 
 
 On the subject of State Homes, I take great pleasure in say 
 ing that the Indiana State Legislature, had, two years ago, a bill 
 
 74 
 
presented for the establishment of a State Soldiers Home on the 
 cottage plan. Comrades of the Grand Army and the Union Vet 
 eran Legion throughout the state worked together for the passage 
 of this bill. The lower house made an appropriation of $55,000 
 to erect buildings and to meet all the necessary expenses of a 
 beginning. While this amount was not large, we thought it was 
 a good start. The bill did not reach the senate until late in the 
 session. It was not acted upon and therefore went over until 
 this present session. We are still living in great expectation. We 
 expect an appropriation this time of $100,000. To show you 
 what interest the Hoosiers are taking in this matter, I desire to 
 inform you that Tippecanoe county and the city of Lafayette 
 have donated to the authorities, 244 acres of land, lying on the 
 Wabash river, three and one-half miles northwest of the city, 
 The county of Tippecanoe alone gives $5,600 in cash as their 
 individual donation. The department of Indiana, G. A. R., holds 
 warranty deeds for the land. Posts of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic, Encampments of the Union Veteran Legion, the Aux 
 iliaries, Woman s Relief Corp and very many individuals have 
 pledged themselves to donate cottages as soon as the appropria 
 tion is made. In the aggregate, from the different sources, we 
 have twenty-five cottages pledged. 
 
 Today there are over eight hundred old soldiers either in the 
 poor houses, or that are supported by the township trustees in 
 the different counties in the state. The National Homes are 
 all overcrowded. The government, because of this condition, 
 makes an annual appropriation of $100 for each soldier who is 
 an inmate of State Homes. There are now eighteen states that 
 have established Soldiers Homes. As the years go by, by reason 
 of age and increased infirmities, the numbers will grow larger. 
 
 At this point it would be proper for me to state that the people 
 of the South should be commended for the kind, sympathetic care 
 they have shown towards the men who fought under Lee and 
 Jackson, Longstreet and Johnston, in fact, on every field of bat 
 tle. The care shown the destitute confederate is worthy of all 
 praise and the emulation of people of every other state. The 
 people of the South came out of the war poor. Their homes were 
 broken up. Their business relations had come to an end. They 
 were without capital. Indiana came out of the war richer than 
 she ever was. Her commercial, manufacturing, and agricultural 
 interests have rapidly increased. Why, then, should not the state 
 
 75 
 
take care of the men who so nobly protected their state s interests 
 during the Rebellion? 
 
 I fear I have taken up too much of your time already in the 
 performance of my duty as an installing officer, and I therefore, 
 thank you for the very high compliment of inviting me to speak 
 to you on this occasion. I hope your lives may be spared for 
 many years to come and that I may have an opportunity of meet 
 ing you again and often at similar gatherings. Comrades, I 
 thank you. 
 
 76 
 
ADDRESS DELIVERED AT ENCAMPMENT OF UNION VETERAN LEGION,, 
 
 BUFFALO,, N. Y. 
 
 October, 1895. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, and Comrades of the 
 U. V. L. 
 
 To appear before such a battery of style, grace, beauty and 
 oratory, places me in a very embarrassing position. I fear your 
 chairman has made a mistake in calling upon me when so much 
 available timber awaits his command. 
 
 Memory is a great gift. This occasion revives in my mind 
 thoughts of the past. To me the experiences of 61 to 64 are 
 yet green in my memory. The great events which transpired be 
 tween those years are, to my mind, like unto a panorama and as 
 the roll unfolds and passes before me in all its glitter and in all 
 its pomp, (not forgetting its sorrows), I measure it with pleasure 
 and yet with sadness. 
 
 When I pull down volume after volume, so to speak, from the 
 library of my brain, I am confronted with a vast number of varied 
 experiences, which naturally pleased any union soldier who "done 
 duty" with his organization in an active and progressive cam 
 paign. When I look around me, and see so many comrades who 
 certainly must have entered the service at about the same time I 
 did, and watch closely the mark of time, and diagnose each one s 
 disability, I feel like raising my voice to the Supreme Being and 
 offering up a prayer that we have been spared these many years. 
 Oh ! what a mine of information could be produced, and what a 
 history could be handed down to generations to come by the men 
 who are here assembled tonight, if they would only put their 
 experiences in type. The history of the war for the union is not 
 complete and will never be until the comrades of the U. V. L. 
 show more of a disposition to enlighten the great, growing mul 
 titude that is rising before us year after year. 
 
 77 
 
It has been my pleasure within the past few years to visit 
 some of the familiar scenes of my army campaigning. I have 
 recently passed over the battlefields of Chancellorsville, Culpepper 
 and Gettysburg, and have renewed again my recollections of 
 many instances which had escaped me. Quite recently I was 
 one of a party, who, headed by the governor of our state, made 
 a visit to the battlefield of Chickamauga, to take part in the dedi 
 cation ceremonies of that great National park. I spent five days 
 in that neighborhood, and I say to you that when I climbed 
 and gazed from the top of Mighty Lookout, where thirty-two 
 years ago I stood after the storming of the mountain by the 
 White Star division, of which General John W. Geary of Penn 
 sylvania was the commander, it appeared to me that there had 
 been little or no changes. And the same spot on which we 
 camped, and the very spot where General Hooker first established 
 his" headquarters on the plateau north of the railroad, appeared 
 just the same. The "Cravens house" and all the surroundings 
 seemed to carry with them reminiscences of past events, which 
 seem to have occurred but yesterday. And then, that old line of 
 battle on our extreme right on Missionary Ridge, also called to 
 my recollection stirring scenes. It was my pleasure, among 
 others of that week, to be present at the "Brotherton house" on 
 the battlefield of Chickamauga on the afternoon of September 
 17, at a Reunion of a Rebel Brigade. 
 
 Much has been said as to the feelings and the tone of the 
 southern soldiers towards the soldiers of the union army. Dis 
 tinguished statesmen and orators of the South, in speaking of this 
 great rebellion, seem to desire to let bygones be bygones, but I as 
 sure you, gentlemen and comrades, that upon this particular occa 
 sion, I was not impressed with the showing of that sentiment. I 
 stood for over thirty minutes listening to a young man who was 
 the son of a confederate soldier. He delivered a most eloquent 
 address, and its tone, and the thoughts and expressions were in 
 keeping with some of the better element, and with the rising gen 
 eration of the South. But, I must say that at the close of his re 
 marks, when it would naturally and necessarily have been ex 
 pected that they should have met with approval, you can judge 
 of my surprise, that outside of myself and half a dozen com 
 rades of the union army, there was no applause. The impres 
 sion was given me that their thoughts were, "Young man, we 
 liave listened to what you said, but we don t believe a word ot it." 
 
 78 
 
Then again, I might take a more liberal view of this silence. 
 The audience that was congregated there was made up of ma 
 terial which appeared to me as being of a class that was some 
 what deficient in the educational progressiveness of the times, 
 and that their late prejudices had not been entirely wiped out. 
 In company with these other comrades, I pushed through this 
 large body of people congregated there, made up principally of 
 old confederate soldiers, women and children, and reached the 
 grand stand. We felt it our duty to congratulate the speaker, 
 even if his remarks did not meet with our entire approval. After 
 reaching the stand, we immediately introduced ourselves and con 
 gratulated him upon his very eloquent address. This seemed to 
 disturb the equilibrium of some of the crowd present, and we 
 could discern in the expression on their countenances that our 
 approval of the speech did not meet with their approval. I over 
 heard a woman in the crowd say, "You ns are good lookers, but 
 we ns are the fighters." Of course, this coming from a female 
 standpoint certainly had its meaning, and hence, Mr. Chairman, I 
 cannot help but feel that while the great majority of the people of 
 the south rejoice at the final issue of the contest, still within the 
 minds of some of the old confederates, there still lingers that old 
 .animosity. I wish, Mr. Chairman, and comrades that I could dis 
 abuse my mind of it, and I wish I could feel differently on this 
 particular subject. I have felt often that in conversations with 
 gentlemen from the South from time to time, their good expres 
 sions carried with them the sentiments of the entire South, but 
 after my recent visit to Chickamauga, I certainly have been made 
 to feel to the contrary. 
 
 Speaking as one of the delegation from Encampment No. 80, 
 located at Indianapolis, Ind., I desire, as a "Buckeye" by birth 
 and as a "Hoosier" by adoption, to thank you for the courtesies 
 you have extended, and for the grand way in which you have 
 entertained us. And I shall certainly take back to my home in 
 Indiana the feeling that the citizens of Buffalo have a very warm 
 place in their hearts for the union soldiers. I thank you. 
 
 79 
 
ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE GEO. H. THOMAS POST NO. 17, G. A. R, 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind., 1887. 
 
 The spring of 1861 found me a member of the Cincinnati 
 "Rover Guards," a crack military company of the city of Cin 
 cinnati. The membership was made up of young men, ranging 
 from twenty-two to thirty-two, not a few in the forties. The 
 eligibility clause was, to be of good moral character, and a pledge 
 that in all our undertakings, each member should do his full 
 duty. The year previous, we had many pleasant drills, parades, 
 entertainments and excursions, that made our early soldier life 
 enjoyable. This, however, was of short duration. The fall of 
 Sumter, and the call of the president for seventy-five thousand 
 men, gave our boys something of the stern realities of a soldier s 
 life to think of. The war spirit ran through our organization 
 like wild fire. Every man was eager for the fray. Ohio s quota 
 of the call for seventy-five thousand men was ten thousand, and 
 the first company of Cincinnati Rover Guards responded prompt 
 ly, and was assigned to the second regiment of Ohio militia under 
 command of Colonel Lew Wilson, who had resigned the office 
 of chief of police to enter the service. This company took part 
 in the memorable first Bull Run battle. A few members of the 
 original organization remained behind and organized a second 
 company. Of this, I was one. 
 
 We found no difficulty in recruiting a second company, and 
 on April 2Oth, 1861, we marched into Camp Harrison near Cin 
 cinnati, one hundred strong. Here we were assigned to the 
 Fifth Ohio regiment, then organizing and made Company "C" 
 and mustered into the service May 8th, for three months. Be 
 fore, however, the regiment was completely equipped, the call 
 for three year troops was issued, and on the 2Oth of June, our 
 regiment was mustered in for three years. 
 
 In the meantime, however, we had been trans fered from Camp 
 
 80 
 
Harrison to Camp Dennison. On July loth, 1861, we left Camp 
 Dennison, by rail, for Western Virginia. We campaigned in 
 Virginia several months, taking an active part in many of the 
 reconnoissances and bushwhacking engagements of that depart 
 ment. 
 
 On the 7th of November, we found ourselves at Romney, 
 Virginia. This place had gained considerable reputation, and our 
 boys were extremely anxious to gaze upon the dark and bloody 
 grounds made memorable by the nth Indiana. At this point, 
 for the first time, we were assigned to a brigade under the com 
 mand of a loyal Virginian, whose home had been Wheeling, West 
 Virginia, and with pleasure I mention the name of General B. 
 F. Kelley. We remained in and around Romney during the 
 months of November and December, doing little else than picket 
 duty, drilling and an occasional trip into the country looking for 
 some rebel who had been reported as returning home to look af-^ 
 ter domestic affairs. 
 
 In January, 1862, our regiment moved to Patterson s Creek, 
 and was there transferred to the command of Gen. Landers. On 
 the 4th of February, General Landers died, and Colonel Nathan 
 Kimble, I4th Indiana, succeeded to the command. From Jan 
 uary until March 1st, nothing of interest occurred. During this 
 time we had been transferred to the command of General "Jim- 
 mie" Shields. 
 
 On March 23rd, 1862, the battle of Winchester was fought. 
 This was the regiment s first baptism in fire. In this engage 
 ment, five of our color bearers were shot down in succession. 
 Our loss was forty-seven killed and wounded, our regimental 
 colors having over forty holes through them, which was of it 
 self a sufficient proof of the severity of this engagement. The 
 enemy fell back, and the march down the beautiful Shenandoah 
 was resumed, through Woodstock, and Edinburg; thence to 
 Mount Jackson, and New Market. 
 
 Many instances of personal heroism and valor, among these 
 inexperienced soldiers, occurred during this campaign. Many 
 weary miles were tramped and retramped through rain and 
 slush. The singing of some popular song, such as "John Brown s 
 Body" always had a stimulating and exhilarating influence. 
 
 On June Qth, 1862, we found ourselves pressed by 
 "Stonewall" Jackson, at Port Republic, in the Luray Valley. The 
 battle opened fierce and hot; charges and counter charges were 
 
 81 
 
made. The regiment rallied again, and finally were rewarded 
 by the capture of one gun a hard day s work for such poor re 
 sults. In this engagement, the boys had their first introduction 
 to the "Louisiana Tigers," who, from their standpoint, could 
 terrorize the world, but I am safe in saying that they found the 
 "Butcher Boys" of Cincinnati, foemen worthy of their steel. I de 
 sire to say right here that this name was given us by the "Tigers," 
 on account of our Colonel having been a butcher at the time he 
 entered the service. In this engagement, the Johnnies were too 
 much for us, and we were compelled to fall back. Our loss was 
 185 taken prisoner, and the total loss killed, wounded and pris 
 oners, aggregated 244. 
 
 From June, 1862, to the latter part of July, a little over five 
 weeks of marching and fighting, being worried to death by the 
 uncertain movements of old "Stonewall" Jackson, short rations 
 and shoeless, had the effect of causing gloom and confusion 
 among our ranks, until at last we halted near Alexandria, Va., 
 nearly naked, without shelter, and completely worn out. At this 
 point, the regiment remained several weeks, recruiting health and 
 clothing ourselves in Uncle Sam s latest styles of blue. 
 
 About the 25th of July we were assigned to General John W. 
 Geary s brigade, of Pennsylvania troops ; and now again with a 
 new leader, we were expected to win fresh laurels, and to make 
 an additional star for him which the Ohio boys assisted him in 
 securing. We were soon on the move, this time, "On to Rich 
 mond." We were ordered to report to Major General John 
 Pope, of "Headquarters-in-the-saddle ; Feed-on-the-enemy" fame. 
 And right here, I wish to protest the same as thousands upon 
 thousands of my Potomac comrades protested, to the indiscre 
 tion of such an order. Here we were, on the plains of Manassas, 
 which had been marched and remarched, fought over and re- 
 fought over, until there was nothing for a thing that breathed 
 life to live on. In his enthusiasm he caused himself to be the 
 ridicule of our portion of the army. I do not wish by this to 
 convey the impression that I did not at the time have the utmost 
 confidence in him, but it was one of those circumstances with 
 too much enthusiasm attached and not sufficient knowledge of 
 the country in which he was campaigning. This was the cause 
 of his failure, and can be partly explained on account of his 
 recent transfer from the western to the eastern department. 
 Great things were to be accomplished ; as so many failures had 
 
 82 
 
been made by eastern men, here was an opportunity for him to 
 immortalize himself, coming, as he did, from Island 10, already 
 loaded down with honors. General Pope s career was of short du 
 ration in the eastern army. Before going further, I wish to state 
 that we were "Potomacers," paper collars and red tape," as our 
 western comrades pleased to style us. Our corps organization was 
 the 1 2th in the east, under General Slocum, and the 2oth under 
 General Hooker, in the west. 
 
 About August 22nd, and while all this was going on, and Gen 
 eral Pope had surrounded himself with "all the comforts of 
 home," an amusing circumstance occurred, which afterwards 
 placed the general to some inconvenience. The Rebel Cavalry 
 General Stuart called on General Pope one fine evening, and 
 captured his beautiful headquarter train, some twenty odd 
 wagons, promising to return them "after the war." This was 
 enjoyed hugely by us boys. We had been longing to have a 
 chance to "guy" him. No member of Pope s staff could, after 
 that, show himself before our brigade, without getting a pelting 
 of "There he goes," "How s Stuart s Cavalry," "Headquarters in 
 the Saddle, feed on the enemy," and the like. 
 
 We will again pick up the step and move on from Warren- 
 ton. We are now a part of the Grand Army under Pope, and 
 our object is either to have a fight or a foot race. We got both. 
 First the fight, and then the race. On the Qth day of August, 
 1862, we find ourselves in front of Slaughter Mountain. Some 
 historians call it Cedar Mountain, but the correct name is Slaugh 
 ter Mountain, and it was owned by Dr. D. F. Slaughter, who 
 was in the Rebel Army at the time. This engagement, like many 
 others in which the army of the Potomac took part, was lost by 
 bad management. It is not my purpose to individualize, but just 
 as sure as I stand here, somebody lost his head. In this engage 
 ment our regiment s loss was extremely heavy 18 killed, 7 com 
 missioned officers, and 89 men wounded, out of 275 that entered 
 the battle. Then came one of the most remarkable retrograde 
 movements ever witnessed in American warfare. Fighting inch 
 by inch, fierce and bloody battles. The whole territory from 
 Slaughter Mountain to the entrenchments around Washington, 
 sixty miles, was fought over ; the country strewn with fragments 
 of every conceivable thing that goes to make up the equipment 
 of an army of operation. 
 
 Here I left the army, as I was taken to a hospital in Alexan- 
 
 83 
 
dria in September, 1862, and did not join my command until 
 some time in November, 1862, at Harper s Ferry, Virginia. 
 
 After various marches and counter marches, we finally went 
 into camp about the middle of December, 1862, at Dumfries, Vir 
 ginia. We lay here, in winter quarters, during the winter of 
 1862 and 1863, until April, when we joined the advance of 
 Hooker s army. 
 
 May ist to 3rd, 1863, we were in the bloody battle of Chan- 
 cellorsville. If there was any one engagement in which I par 
 ticipated, that is vividly impressed upon my memory, this, of 
 bloody Chancellorsville, is it ; now fighting behind breast works, 
 now marching on flank, to be finally beaten back, demoralized and 
 stampeded ; think of it ! By a force greatly superior to ours. The 
 nth corps broke and ran. They were demoralized, and why? 
 Because of the fault of the officer in command. I wish to ask 
 each old soldier here, what would you think of a commander, in 
 the enemy s country and the foe in close range, allowing his 
 men to stack arms, unsling knapsacks, make coffee and play 
 cards? This was the condition of things on the extreme right 
 of the nth corps at 5 o clock p. m., the 2nd of May, 1863. I am 
 stating indisputable facts. We, of the I2th corps, were brought 
 up to arrest the retreating tide, and such as these were the state 
 ments made by the half-crazed men in their desire to get to the 
 rear. It was a terrible scene. Thirty thousand rebels under old 
 "Stonewall" Jackson, rushing into twelve thousand union men, 
 pouring shot, shell and lead incessantly; horses running wild 
 without riders ; Rodmen, Parrotts and Napoleons lying here and 
 there, all over the field ; caissons with one, sometimes two horses, 
 riderless, going pell-mell, helter-skelter. 
 
 The nth corps was mostly made up of German organizations, 
 and to us "Potomacers" were known as "Blenker s Dutch" men 
 who would carry off anything except a red hot stove. They were 
 greatly attached to General Sigel, who had been, a short time 
 previous to the battle of Chancellorsville, removed from their 
 command. This greatly displeased them, and also had a de 
 moralizing effect. Imagine, if you can, between eight and nine 
 thousand Germans, bare-headed, bare-footed, yelling and flying 
 hither and thither in terror, escaping wherever possible, and cry 
 ing, "Mem Gott, mein Gott ! Mein Frau, mein Frau ! Mein Kin 
 der , mein Kinder ! I fights mit Sigel! I fights mit Sigel." They 
 were throwing knapsacks, canteens, cartridge boxes to the four 
 
 84 
 
winds, and banging guns around trees, and stumps. Here were 
 wagons, horses, ambulances, men, caissons, cannon, all jumbled 
 together in a struggling, terrified mass, many of the men even 
 getting to the river and swimming across in their frenzy. You 
 cannot imagine the confusion and uproar. Being on special duty 
 at the time, at Division Headquarters, I had an opportunity of 
 witnessing a good part of the excitement, and endeavoring with 
 our whole division to bring order our of chaos. No body of men 
 ever made more strenuous efforts than we of the I2th corps to 
 stem the tide of retreat, but the panic was too great. The rebels 
 pushed us in all directions, yelling, and shouting triumphantly; 
 turning our captured guns upon us, hurling shot, shell and can- 
 nister from the very cannon which we a few hours before were 
 using upon them. The night of May 2nd, 1863, will never be 
 obliterated from my memory, should I live a hundred years. The 
 most terrible cannonading ever heard by human ears ; the very 
 heavens and earth seemed to be ablaze. It was one of the most 
 sublime scenes of my war experience. The moon shown bright 
 in the heavens, and not a breath of air moved that dense forest. 
 It was on this night the Rebel Army lost a most valuable officer. 
 Brave, energetic, indefatigable, "Stonewall" Jackson, lost his life 
 at the hands of his own men. 
 
 During our army life, many strong attachments grew up be 
 tween comrades, and with me this was no exception. The 5th 
 day of May, 1863, brought with it a feeling of despondency. Our 
 army was retiring to the north banks of the Rappahannock river. 
 We had been out-generaled. The ill-timed and boastful order 
 of General Hooker, did not stay the excitement, nor disguise this 
 fact. Our regiment had lost heavily. Many of our best officers 
 and men had perished, and our lieutenant colonel, to whom I was 
 most closely attached, had been severely wounded in the right 
 arm, and left thigh. My friend and comrade, the Colonel, whose 
 right arm was amputated, survived the operation, and still lives, 
 being an honored resident of Springfield, Ohio, and a member of 
 this order. 
 
 The whole country around was swarming with wounded men, 
 hobbling and groaning, and seeking surgical aid. The carnage 
 was awful, and our position very humiliating. From this short, 
 disasterous campaign, our army returned to their old camping 
 ground. 
 
 On the 6th day of May, General Hooker issued an order, which 
 
 85 
 
for cold comfort, exceeded anything of the kind ever put in print 
 Some parts are, however, correct, but the most of it was bun 
 combe. The preliminaries of the battle were conducted with 
 military ability; the finale was discomfort and retreat. I quote: 
 "The Major General commanding, tenders to this army his con 
 gratulations on its achievements of the last seven days. It has 
 not accomplished all that was expected. The reasons (well 
 known to the army), it is sufficient to say, were of a character 
 not to be foreseen, nor to be prevented by human sagacity or re 
 sources. This order, if not perfectly satisfactory to the country, 
 and to the authorities, will be generally hailed with applause by 
 the army." (Signed by command of Major General Hooker.) 
 
 Lee s army numbered 60,000; Hooker s about 120,000: thus, 
 you will see that we out numbered them two to one. The com 
 mittee on the conduct of the war, accounts for the failure of Gen 
 eral Hooker at Chancellorsville, as follows: ist, The stampede 
 of the nth Army Corps on May 2nd; 2nd, The injury sustained 
 by General Hooker, on the 3rd. 3rd, The failure of Sedgewick 
 to carry out his orders to fall on the rear of Lee s army on the 
 morning of the 3rd. 4th, The entire failure of General Stone- 
 man to perform the duty assigned him, viz. : the cutting off of 
 Lee s communication with Richmond. 
 
 Our whole loss in this engagement, taken from the official 
 records, in the War Department, were, killed, 1512; wounded, 
 9,518; missing, 5,000; total, 16,030. Gettysburg, with her loss 
 of 23,186; the Wilderness of 1864, of 18,387, places Chancellors 
 ville as one of the grandest battles fought by the Union troops. 
 
 The uninitiated and the public that has grown up since the 
 war, quite frequently ask, "How can you fellows recollect so much 
 of the War ; so many of the incidents of your campaigns ? You 
 must have wonderful memories." Ah ! my friends, my sympathy 
 goes out to one who has no recollections of the late rebellion ; 
 no particular part borne by himself. I am happy to state, how 
 ever, that I have never met a soldier yet, who has had more or 
 less experience, that could not relate, if he had the chance and 
 wanted to, many interesting happenings, yet, in this connection, 
 I might state that we have many comrades who have seen too 
 much service, (from their standpoint), men who are constantly 
 punishing us with recital of their "daring deeds," "narrow es 
 capes," "meritorious conduct," etc. etc. etc. We have this com 
 rade who tells us about the "right wing," and that one who tells 
 
 86 
 
us all about the "left wing," another one who "had been thar" 
 from the First Bull Run, to Appomatox ; another one who, in 
 cavalry service, had ridden all around the Confederacy, never re 
 ceiving a scratch, and never killed a rebel, used up from four to 
 ten horses, and no end of chickens, pigs, sorghum and such other 
 delicacies that the advance guard of an army generally secures. 
 Another one who can cut a two, four or six second fuse ; sight 
 a Rodman, Parrott, or Napoleon gun, and drop a shell at point 
 blank range within the circle of a silver dollar ; another one who, 
 having served on the staff of some general officer, tells us how he 
 rode around the country, during some dark and stormy night, 
 conveying an important order, and how, if this had not been ac 
 complished, our army, or his army, would have been demora 
 lized, and our Cause lost; another one tells how the troops from 
 his State fought, bled and died. Oh my ! I sigh heavily. What 
 would he have done but for those same dear old chums. The war 
 would probably be going on at this present moment, had they 
 not been there. Of course, we are glad to have these good, whole- 
 souled fellows in our midst, and why? Because we want them, 
 They are a part of us, and we cannot do without them. They 
 assist in making our friendship more binding. 
 
 This ends my experience up to and including Chancellorsville, 
 and I feel, as this is my first appearance before you, I will not 
 detain you longer. Should I live, I shall be pleased to pick up 
 where I here leave off, and continue until my muster-out, in July 
 1864. Comrades, I thank you. 
 
 87 
 
REMARKS AT LAFAYETTE, INDIANA, 1895 INSTALLATION OF THE 
 
 OFFICERS, ENCAMPMENT 127, UNION VETERAN LEGION. 
 
 COMRADES. 
 
 As I look over this audience, I see before me a large assembly 
 of the "Old Boys" of the Union Army. And, mingling with them 
 in sympathy and sentiment are their friends, called together for 
 this special occasion. As a speaker, I make no pretentions to 
 oratory, but a social talk and pleasant interchanges of thought, I 
 enjoy. I appreciate a warm debate. I love the comrade who 
 takes the opposite to me in an argument. 
 
 Every comrade who served in the Union Army and is eligible, 
 should be a member of this great and grand Order. No comrade 
 should be marked as a straggler. Every state in this Union that 
 sent troops, had the best. Indiana had great soldiers. Ohio, 
 Illinois, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania, also. No State 
 was behind in point of loyalty and heroism. The percentage of 
 losses were greater in some of the individual oragnizations than 
 in others, but the valor was the same. I recall the exciting times 
 of April 1861 ; the rush of volunteers; the enlistment scenes; 
 the music of the fife and drum ; the anxiety of the men ; the heart 
 aches that followed in the homes of those who enlisted. From the 
 field, office and store came prompt response. Almost thirty-four 
 years have passed away, and the Volunteers of 1861, splendid 
 in their manliness, perfect in physique, are today the middle aged 
 and old men of 1895. The older ones are passing away rapidly. 
 Their steps are slower. It will not be long before the rear guard 
 passes. 
 
 The regiments that left this State were among the best that 
 composed the Union Army. Their records are inscribed upon 
 their banners. Mementoes of severe engagements on all the 
 principal battle fields of the East and West, can be found. Vic 
 tories are emblazoned in the minds of the survivors, and history 
 records their valorous deeds. 
 
 88 
 
When Mr. Lincoln first called for 75000 men, the question 
 was asked, "Where will he find so many?" I ask you comrades, 
 did he find them? Then, he asked for 200,000. They too were 
 ready. Then 300,000 and 300,000 more, and from every corner 
 of this loyal land went up the shouts and huzzahs, "We are com 
 ing, Father Abraham, six hundred thousand strong." Under 
 the first calls, enlistments were very rapid. Thousands walked 
 soberly and deliberately up to the recruiting stations, and signed 
 their enlistment papers. 
 
 You may fancy our raw recruits overloading themselves when 
 starting on their first march, but before the end of the first day, 
 a change takes place, and they find themselves in very light 
 marching order. When I am confronted with the extravagant 
 ideas of the men who write and sing about the heroes of the war, 
 .and who dwell minutely on favorite general officers, as the only 
 heroes, I take exceptions to their statements. Can it be said that 
 out of the enlistment of over a million men only a few great 
 heroes were produced? Can this be possible? Oh, no my 
 friends, we will never admit that. I have my opinion as to what 
 constitutes a hero. Not alone the men who held commissions, or 
 those who toiled under the pressure of knap-sack and gun, during 
 hot summer days, or suffered at some lonely out-post the cold of 
 winter, but I record both, by their best intelligence and loftiest 
 patriotism one and inseparable, whose enlistments were early 
 and service long, and who, so to speak, marched from Phillippi 
 to Appomatox. They are the real Heroes. 
 
 A comrade who enlisted early and was maimed, who recovered 
 and again took his place in the ranks or at the head of his particu 
 lar command, is worthy of the highest consideration and should 
 be classified as a special hero of the late war. When we follow 
 this fair reasoning, we find that instead of only a few great 
 heroes there were thousands of comrades entitled to this honor 
 able distinction. Soon all the living participants will have an 
 swered the last call. The bugle will have sounded for the last 
 time, Lights out." Then, history alone will be left to tell of the 
 heroic conduct of the men of the Union Army. 
 
 Look at those tattered and faded flags in our State Houses. 
 Examine closely the history of each regimental standard, and we 
 find a record of suffering, of bravery and heroic deeds by men 
 who died under their folds, and by those who took their places 
 and "kept the colors up." It would be somewhat of a task to 
 
 89 
 
obtain the history of each and every flag, but enough can be seen,, 
 enough can be read about each to plant in the minds of the gen 
 erations to come the bravery and self-sacrifice of the American- 
 Volunteer. Many of the men who so proudly carried these flags 
 sleep in unmarked graves on southern battle-fields. 
 
 Thirty-four years have almost passed since the commencement 
 of the war. Conflicting statements of eye-witnesses of scenes 
 have occured and still create considerable discussion. Our mem 
 ories are less reliable. Even official statements do not always 
 agree. The position of an officer is with his men, and he rarely 
 sees or knows during a battle anything outside of the immediate 
 location. 
 
 But hold! Were men alone engaged in heroic deeds? Were 
 there no heroic women of the war? I remember when a school 
 boy how our teacher read to us the heroic deed of Molly Pitcher 
 at the battle of Monmouth. How she took her place as a can 
 noneer, and how she rammed the shot and shell into the gun, 
 and how she perfomed other heroic deeds, and how General 
 Washington complimented her in general orders and gave her 
 a sergeant s commission ; how Congress placed her name on the 
 list of half-pay officers for life, as the heroine of the Revolu 
 tionary War. This is not a circumstance in comparison to the 
 many courageous and heroic deeds of the noble women of the late 
 war. Who will write up the heroines of 61 to 65 ? Instead of 
 being one Molly Pitcher in the late war, there were hundreds of 
 them. 
 
 Man moulded the great artillery. Man invented and manu 
 factured the small arms. Man furnished the brains and brawn 
 that pushed the Rebellion to a speedy close. Women prepared 
 lint and bandages, administered medicine; watched by the dy 
 ing couch ; wrote the last message home and attended the lonely 
 burials. Men did their work with shot and shell, musket and 
 bayonet, sabre and cannon. Women did their work with socks, 
 slippers, bandages, warm drinks; stroked hot temples; read 
 the letters from home, and the beautiful stories of that land in 
 which "There shall be no death, neither sorrow nor crying," the 
 the eternal camping ground. Men would ask a wounded com 
 rade, "What regiment do you belong to?" Women would ask 
 "Where are you hurt," "What can I do for you?" "What nice 
 thing can I make to please you?" "Have you a mother?" "What 
 makes you cry?" 
 
 90 
 
Never can be fully realized, save by those who lived through 
 the period of the war, the great and noble service of the Sanitary 
 Commission and the many thousands of women who labored 
 constantly in that service, with lofty patience, silent endurance 
 and devoted sacrifice. It was woman who stood loyally by the 
 Government during its greatest trials. 
 
 The number of women who actually bore arms and served in 
 the ranks during the war, was greater than is supposed. Some 
 times they followed the Army as nurses and divided their services 
 between the battlefields and hospital. The 3rd Michigan, a three 
 year regiment, had a woman attached to it, and when their ser 
 vice was ended, she joined the 5th Michigan. Through the four 
 years of the war, she was found in the field, often in the thickest 
 of the fight, always inspiring the men to deeds of valor. She was 
 always respected for her correctness of life. Soldiers and officers 
 vied with each other in their devotion to her. I might speak, 
 also of the First Michigan Cavalry. The wife of a private of 
 this grand old regiment accompanied it and served through the 
 war. Always fearless and daring, always doing the service of a 
 soldier. At the close of the war, together with her husband, 
 she joined the regular army. 
 
 The 5th Rhode Island Infantry enlisted a woman. She was for 
 a time color bearer of the regiment. She marched with the men. 
 Asked no favors as a woman, but bore the brunt of battle on oc 
 casion, as fearlessly as her comrades. She was in General Burn- 
 sides expedition to Roanoke Island and Newbern, where her 
 husband was severely injured and rendered unfit for service. 
 Both were discharged and returned to private life. 
 
 I have seen it stated that the number of women soldiers known 
 to the service was a little less than four hundred. It is posi 
 tively known that a very large number disguised themselves and 
 enlisted in the service for one cause or another. Entrenched in 
 secrecy, and regarded as men, they were sometimes revealed as 
 women by accident or casualty. Startling stories of these women 
 were current in the gossip of army life. Many were extravagant 
 and unreal, but one always felt that they had some foundation 
 in fact. 
 
 During the enlistment of the iQth Illinois, Colonel Turchin s 
 regiment, and while the officers were drilling their awkward 
 squads, the Captain of one of the companies approached the 
 Colonel and asked him if he noticed anything peculiar in the 
 
 91 
 
appearance of one of his men. The Colonel at a glance, saw that 
 the "man" was a woman in male attire. The "man" was called 
 from the ranks and informed of the suspicion, and asked what 
 "he had to say." Clutching the Colonel by the arm, and speaking 
 in tones of passionate entreaty, she begged him not to expose her, 
 but allow her to retain her disguise. Her husband was enlisted 
 in the company, and she said that it would kill her if she could 
 not go with him. She was quietly taken aside and returned home. 
 Shortly after this, the regiment was ordered to Cairo, Illinois, 
 and it was reported that she afterwards rejoined it. 
 
 For individual and personal bravery, outside of the regular 
 lines of military duty, was there ever such courage, such valor, 
 such heroism, shown before or since, as that by Miss Josephine 
 Rodgers at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2nd, 1863? Our 
 position on the 2nd day of July was stronger than on the first 
 day. Near the line occupied by the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 
 3d army corps, commanded by General J. B. Carr, stood a lit 
 tle one-story house, which at the time of the battle was occupied 
 by Mrs. Rodgers and her daughter, Josephine. 
 
 On the morning of July 2nd, General Carr stopped at the house 
 and found the daughter, a girl about eighteen years of age, 
 alone, busily engaged in baking bread. He informed her that a 
 great battle was inevitable, and advised her to seek a place of 
 safety at once. She said she had a batch of bread baking in the 
 oven, and she would remain until it was baked, and then leave. 
 When her bread was baked it was given to our soldiers, and 
 was devoured so eagerly , that she concluded to remain and bake 
 another batch, and so she continued to the end of the battle, bak 
 ing and giving her bread to all who came. The great artillery 
 duel which shook the earth for miles around did not drive her 
 from her oven. Pickett s men, who charged past the house, 
 found her quietly baking her bread and distributing it to the 
 hungry. When the battle was over, her house was found to be 
 riddled with shot and shell and seventeen dead bodies were 
 taken from the house and cellar. These bodies were of wounded 
 men who had crawled to the little dwelling for shelter. Twenty 
 years after the close of the war, General Carr s men and others 
 held a grand Re-union at Gettysburg, and learning that Jose 
 phine Rodgers was still living, but had married and taken up 
 her residence in Ohio, they sent for her and paid her passage 
 from her home to Gettysburg and back, and had her go to her old 
 
 92 
 
home and tell again the story that they all knew so well. They 
 decorated her with a score of army badges, and sent her back to 
 Ohio, a happy woman. Why should not the poet immortalize 
 Josephine Rodgers as he did Barbara Fritchie? 
 
 It is to the honor of the American Women, not that they led 
 the hosts to deadly charge, and battled amid contending armies, 
 but that they confronted the grim and horrid aspects of the war 
 with tenderness and mighty love and devotion to the Cause ; al 
 ways in active pursuit of opportunities to render all service pos 
 sible, consistent with the sex. Let not the service of the grand 
 women of the war be forgotten. Let not the graves of those who 
 have passed beyond be neglected at our annual strewing of 
 flowers. 
 
 PENSIONS. 
 
 In every community we have "Pension Growlers," soldier 
 haters, and men who begrudge the little pension that is doled 
 out by our government. For many years after the war, I was 
 of the opinion that none but those disabled by reason of wounds 
 received in action, should receive pensions. But, men s minds 
 change, and I believe now, that there never was a man who 
 served in the Union Army, and who can show an honorable dis 
 charge, that ever received one-half what he deserved, measuring 
 by dollars and cents. I believe that the government owes us a 
 debt of gratitude, but now that debt should be generously paid 
 in gold dollars, weighed to us on avoirdupois scales, and not by 
 the grains and drachms of the apothecary s weights. I further 
 believe that when a claim has been proven, and all the proof ac 
 cepted and it goes to what is called the "completed files" that 
 this becomes a valid claim and should be recognized and paid 
 immediately. I do not think it lies within the province of every 
 new administration to change the validity of any claim. I am r 
 further, of the opinion that when a claim becomes adjudicated, it 
 becomes a vested right. This will relieve the mental and physical 
 strain to a great extent, of the survivors of the Union Army. 
 Oh, mighty Government! Oh, Mighty people! Oh, aristocrats 
 of the Senate and House of Representatives ! Be liberal. Be 
 just. Be magnanimous to the survivors of the great Rebellion. 
 We will not tarry with you much longer. The halls of Congress 
 will not hear the agitation of special claims or our appeals for 
 justice through many more years. 
 
 93 
 
As a closing remark on pensions, I desire to say that there is 
 no crop that is so eagerly sought after by the business men of this 
 country as the "pension crop." The corn and wheat crop may 
 be short, but the "pension crop" is regularly harvested every 
 ninety days, and the business men of the State know the value of 
 it, and know further, that these disbursements have often saved 
 us from panicky times and severe business depression. The pay 
 ment of $2,437,982.76 at the Indianapolis agency quarterly, has 
 kept the wolf from many an old comrade s door. 
 
 PATRIOTISM. 
 
 Teach patriotism in the schools. Teach the children the 
 history of the Rebellion. Hoist "Old Glory" to the bel 
 fry of every school house of the land. Educate your children 
 to sing the patriotic airs of our Country. Recently a very dis 
 tinguished music teacher in the Public Schools of a western city 
 entered one of the rooms of the building, and after some pre 
 liminaries, thus addressed the pupils : 
 
 "Now, children, let us have that noble, patriotic song, known 
 to all Americans, from Maine to California, from the lakes to the 
 gulf ; that song which is sung as a hymn in the churches, by the 
 soldiers on the plains, by our countrymen everywhere ; the song 
 which thrills us all and fills our hearts with love of Country." 
 The word "America" almost breathed itself upon the air, as a 
 small boy on the back row, arose and gesticulated violently. "I 
 Icnow what that song is, sir." "Well, my son, let us have it." 
 " After the Ball. Comrades this may be laughable, but it is 
 a reproach on our patriotism. 
 
 The first object of our organization is, "All things being equal, 
 to give preference to its members in all business relations." The 
 second is, "The moral, intellectual and social improvement of its 
 members." These are the two main planks in the general plat 
 form on which our organization stands. 
 
 But, socially, this organization is just what each encampment 
 makes it. At all these gatherings, are found good companion- 
 ship, refreshing of old memories, reviving ties of friendship, 
 together with a limited amount of "spiritual comforts." 
 
 94 
 
"Sometimes water, sometimes milk, 
 
 Sometimes Apple Jack, fine as silk, 
 
 But whatever the tipple has been 
 
 We shared it together in fame or bliss : 
 
 And I warm to you, friends, 
 
 When I think of this 
 
 We have drank from the some canteen/ 
 
 In our organization we have many good poets. Our Chaplain- 
 in-chief is no exception. He is a grand old soldier. He has 
 served his time faithfully in the Union Cause, and now is labor 
 ing in the army of the Lord. I will read a poem by him, which I 
 pronounce as being grand in conception and beautiful in thought. 
 
 * * * * * 
 
 Eight years of toil have passed away 
 Since from the night I saw the day 
 An institution tinged with grey, 
 The Union Veteran Legion. 
 
 We represent the tried and true, 
 Who waged the deadly conflict through ; 
 While wearing we loved and honored the blue. 
 The Union Veteran Legion. 
 
 Thanks to the men who conceived the thought 
 That into an organization brought 
 Men who can neither be scared nor bought, 
 The Union Veteran Legion. 
 
 Then, Comrades, proceed as you have begun 
 Mark well the right in the race you run, 
 And the Master will say at last, "Well done," 
 Union Veteran Legion. 
 
 95 
 
THE STORY OF THE MUSTER ROLL. 
 
 Written at the time of the Dedication of the Indiana Soldiers 
 and Sailors Monument, May 15, 4ta; for The 
 Indianapolis News, c ^ 6 *V" 
 
 Very few persons before the war of the rebellion, knew what 
 a muster roll was, and cared less. 
 
 The peculiarities of the muster roll are worthy of particular 
 mention. Every survivor of the war is now more or less fa 
 miliar with its true meaning. To those who may read this ar 
 ticle, and do not know the full meaning, we desire to say that 
 it is a full description of each and every person who enlists in 
 the service of the United States, either Army or Navy; gives 
 name, age, height, color of eyes, color of hair, occupation, single 
 or married, white or black. 
 
 The historian finds the muster rolls of valuable information. 
 He finds the names of regiments that were in battle, the move 
 ments of brigades and divisions and corps. He finds what regi 
 ments did the fighting, which were in the reserve, which were in 
 the first lines of battle, which led the assault, and which stood in 
 the breach. The long columns of names marked as killed tell how 
 well they stood in action. 
 
 To the young and inexperienced officer, the first muster roll 
 was embarrassing and very annoying to him in its completion and 
 perfectness. I recall to my mind the making of the first one; 
 the corrections and erasures before it was accepted by the proper 
 officers. How true the old maxim, "Experience is a dear school, 
 etc.," and how well was this demonstrated to us in the perform 
 ance of our duty. The individual statements made opposite each 
 name under the head of "Remarks" were at the time considered 
 of small importance, but today, we find that these very state 
 ments have become historical and recognized as valid authority 
 
 96 
 
for the adjustment of claims for pensions. Much annoyance, 
 considerable pain and anxiety have followed when the record 
 has been examined and a comrade is confronted with some un 
 pleasant reminder of his past service; then comes disappoint 
 ment and in frequent cases, nervous prostration. Many instances 
 have been found in which the statements were unjust; many that 
 were just, and the penalty severe. 
 
 Take, for instance, some personal feeling toward a comrade. 
 The officer places remarks opposite his name that forever darkens 
 his future. "Absent without leave," without knowing positively 
 the whereabouts of said soldier; possibly a prisoner; possibly 
 in some hospital; possibly wounded and left behind, and see 
 what injustice was done; possibly marked, "Deserted." 
 
 Many peculiarities of making a muster roll can be enumer 
 ated. Very many amusing as well as serious remarks are re 
 membered. For instance, under the head of "Remarks" opposite 
 a soldier s name, "Kicked by a mule," "Choked to death," "De 
 tached," "Discharged on expiration of term of service," 
 "Wounded and taken prisoner," "Shot for desertion," "Killed 
 on picket," "Drafted for nine months," "Killed in action," "Died 
 of sunstroke," "Murdered by a comrade," and so on. "Killed on 
 July 3, 1863, at Gettysburg" one thinks of Pickett s charge, or 
 other incidents of that historic field. The vision of Little Round 
 Top; the wheat field; the Devil s Den; the assault on Cemetery 
 hill. 
 
 "Killed, December 13, 1862, at Mayre s heights," (Fredericks- 
 burg) We think of the fierce charge through the town of Fred- 
 ericksburg. The charge of the rebels in their entrenchments. 
 The terrible slaughter of Meagher s New York Irish Brigade. 
 We have recently passed over this historic battlefield and viewed 
 the surroundings with a critical eye. 
 
 "Killed at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863" Here rises a picture 
 of the battles of the Union. The famous order of General 
 Hooker: "We have found the enemy and they are ours." The 
 march ; the rain ; the river ; the pontoons ; the Chancellor s house ; 
 the forest; the artillery battle that made the earth tremble for 
 three days and nights ; the movement of "Stonewall" Jackson to 
 the right of our line; the assault and surprise and the stampede 
 of the eleventh corps, are all painful reminders of this contest. 
 
 "Died September 15, 1862, while enroute from Fortress Mon 
 roe to Washington, D. C. an exchanged prisoner of war taken 
 
 97 
 
at Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862" Here, my friends, is some 
 thing to think of. Wounded, not alone disabled, bleeding and 
 sore, an exchanged prisoner, returning from that damnable black 
 spot on earth, Andersonville prison. The tortures of this hellish 
 bastile endured for months, and there on the very threshold of 
 his home. The thoughts of home, the pleasures to come; dies 
 enroute, after being exchanged. Great God! And still, some 
 begrudge the widows and orphans the small pittance passed out 
 over the counter of the pension office. 
 
 "Wounded at the assault on Lookout Mountain, November 24, 
 1863, afterward died" look at that frowning perpendicular 
 wall of limestone. Think of Hooker s advance from Bridgeport 
 to Wauhatchie through the Lookout Valley, and the movement 
 open to observation of the enemy. Thoughts of winding around 
 the palisades on the mountain side of this wall of limestone, under 
 the very muzzles of the rebel guns. Climbing over boulders and 
 ledges, up hill and down hill, driving the enemy from their 
 strongholds in desperation and agony. Look back thirty-nine 
 years, and see the smoke of Hooker s storming party; hear the 
 roar of artillery and the cracking of musketry. The very foun 
 dation of that solid rock quaked under this influence. 
 
 See the treacherous waters of the Tennessee, where many a 
 poor comrade found a watery grave. See the artillery contest 
 at Moccasin Point. Witness the anihilation of wagon trains, 
 laden with provisions, enroute to feed the hungry soldiers and 
 starving mules. This was the opening of the "cracker line." 
 
 "Killed at Appomattox, April 9, 1865" and one sees a dead 
 cavalryman, who, falling in that closing battle of the war, died 
 with home and victory in sight. 
 
 These are some remarks that will confront any who looks up 
 the records of his regiment. And so it goes on. There are no 
 war stories that can equal the stories of the muster roll. They 
 are facts. There are interesting, and sad records as well. Eigh 
 teen States have printed muster rolls of their regiments, which 
 they furnished to the Union Army. The name of every man 
 who served from these States is preserved. Their records are 
 herein transmitted, and the generations to come will find a proud 
 heritage. 
 
 There are three States, New York, Delaware and Maryland, 
 which have never published their muster-out rolls. 
 
 As a matter of record, the average age of all of the soldiers 
 
 98 
 
was twenty-five years. When classified by age, the largest is 
 that of eighteen years. Of 1,012,273 recorded ages, there are 
 133,475 at eighteen years, 90,215 at nineteen years, and so on; 
 46,626 at twenty-five years, and 16,070 at forty-four years. 
 
 Out of 2,000,000 men, 1,500,000 were Americans. Of 500,000 
 foreigners, 175,000 were Germans, 150,000 were Irish, 50,000 
 English, 50,000 British- American, 75,000 other countries. 
 
 The tallest man was Captain Van Buskirk of the Twenty- 
 seventh Indiana Volunteers who measured 82^ inches, or 6 feet, 
 ioy 2 inches in his bare feet. The shortest man was a member 
 of the One-hundred-and^ninety-second Ohio Volunteers, who 
 measured 40 inches, or 3 feet 4 inches. 
 
 In long, tiresome marches, the tall men generally gave out 
 first. The small men generally were "all there" at night when the 
 roll was called. 
 
 The average weight was 143^2 pounds. The color of the hair 
 was as follows: Thirteen per cent black; twenty-five per cent 
 dark; thirty per cent brown; twenty- four per cent light; four 
 per cent sandy ; three per cent red, and I per cent was gray, so 
 that you can readily see that out of 100 per cent, one per cent was 
 gray, and ninety-nine per cent were other shades, indicating that 
 the great Union Army was made up of the youth and flower of 
 our land. Of the occupations, forty-eight per cent were farmers ; 
 twenty- four per cent mechanics; sixteen per cent laborers; five 
 per cent clerks and bookkeepers, three per cent professional men ; 
 four per cent miscellaneous. 
 
 Penmanship was requisite in the army and the best penmen 
 were always sought after and used in making up muster rolls of 
 their companies. They were also detailed for clerical work at 
 Headquarters of regiments, brigades, divisions and corps. Offi 
 cers were not long in finding out who were the best penmen. 
 When a soldier was once detailed for his qualifications, it was 
 a rare thing for him to ever return to his company, unless for 
 reason of a dissolution or separation of the command. 
 
 Now, let loose the recollections of the past, and recall the 
 "Grand Review," the remnants of that noble Army passing for 
 the last time down Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C., 
 before a host of 200,000 people filling the streets and house-tops. 
 There were men who were with Grant at the start and Grant at 
 the finish. There were men with Rosecrans at Stone River. 
 
 99 
 
Hooker at Lookout Mountain, Thomas at Chickamauga, Sher 
 man at Atlanta and the Sea. 
 
 If the generation of today could have seen the survivors of the 
 old Union Army, 37 years ago, making their last march, in re 
 view before the President of the United States and the General 
 of the Army, that bright May day, in 1865, they would have seen 
 the greatest body of marching men the world ever looked upon. 
 In the light of history and the glory of achievements, everything 
 else sank into insignificance, because it was the passing of the 
 remnant of the Union Army. 
 
 I have carried you over some of the important events of my 
 soldier life and personal experiences. The boys of the Grand 
 Army have that same feeling today toward one another that they 
 had from 1861 to 1865, when they were holding the same flag, 
 swinging sabres, marching and tramping by thousands and thous 
 ands in column or battery front, shoulder to shoulder, solid col 
 umns with bristling bayonets. Squadrons and regiments of 
 cavalry, side by side in one great cause, consecrated through 
 blood, fire and storm. 
 
 AND THIS IS THE REASON THE GRAND ARMY IS 
 SO LOYAL TO THE PRINCIPLES DEFINED BY "OLD- 
 GLORY." 
 
 100 
 
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 ){%!* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 FORM NO. DD6 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKEL r 
 BERKELEY, CA 94720 
 
M229951 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY