]f^^^0^ v--*^'^v^-y ^^^VV' V'^w"^. ,juVW^ '^>^^.^WWi ■^-ymt''^^' :.^m>^m Afii^f^h n •- --**••' mmmii :M^m^mmm ^'M'm^ ^?^.^?s>^K^^*^*;^: A?^:^'^ ■^-^^ ^: \ c:. ^ J. N. HEARDER & SON'S nil 1 i I AND THK RIVERS OF SOUTH DEVON, AND DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OB IHEIIt Prize Riuer and Sea FISHINCi TACKLE, CRICKET, ARCHERY, CROQUET, UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, L. MANUFACTORY : W5, UNION STREET, 195, I PLYMOUTH. i Seventh Edition, considerably enlarged, AND CONTATMNH; a month r.Y TABLE OF EDIBLE FISH "IN SEASON/' ^ — T — j»g^ Enti red at Stutioncm' Hull. Ill StacR Annex S INTEODUCTION. The value of a short compendium which shall furnish the fisherman with concise and pertinent remarks on the various classes of fishing operations, and indicate the localities in which they can be advantageously car- riel on, and which shaJ at the saine time furnish him, no- only witli a desc/ipfon of th"; taclde suitable for diifereut purposes, out with a copious price list of such taskle, is so obvious that the present littlo work appears to need no other recommendation to the public. It has already passed through six editions, and the eagerness v.ith which it has been sought for, and the satisfaction expressed by those who have become possessed of it, have induced the Authors to render it more complete, by extending the list, embodying recent improvements and numbering each article. The table of edible fish in season throughout the year has been duly appreciated as well by the housekeeper as the fisherman. The list of nets, and the chapter on the use of the Otter Trawl, introduced for the first time in the last edition, has been found so acceptable that it has been carefully revised and extended in the present one. Through the kindness of W. C. P. Medlycott, Esq., F.L.S., an eminent naturalist, who resided many years at Malta, J. N. Hearder and Son have been able to furnish a copious list of the fish met with in the Mediterraneaog-^a^i -^i4V>S^^a^a^e a fit-out of tackle suitable for Mediterranean and Gibraltar fishing. For the convenience of yachtsmen desirous of equipping themselves for fishing on our own coasts, they have also given a list of suitable tackle. Necessity is the mother of invention, and Hearder AND Son having had to fit out H.M.S. Challenger with nets and tackle suitable for the exploring expedition, have contrived a new form of Crab and Lobster Pot, made to pack one within the other, by which means a dozen will go in the space of three. They have lately had the satisfaction of hearing that one of the trawls which they supplied to H.M.S. Challenger for the use of the Exploring Expedition has been successful in bringing up n<3W species of fish from the depth of throe quarters of a mile. And they beg to tender their grateful ac- knowledgme-:^ts to Professor Baird, Smithsonian Insti- tution and United States Fish Commissioner, for the valuable copy of his reiiort, and the information which he so kindly from time to time furnishes respecting the fisheries around the coast of the United States. The alteration in the parcel post opens up facilities for the transmission of a great number of fishing appli- ances, since any article not exceeding 12 ozs. can now be forwarded by post at the following rates : — POSTAL RATES FOR PARCELS. Not exceeding 1 oz. Exceeding 1 oz. but not exceeding 2 ozs. 2 OZ8. „ 4 ozs. 4 ozs. „ 6 ozs. 6 ozs. „ 8 ozs. ' 8 ozs. „ 10 ozs. 10 ozs. ,, 12 ozs. Id. lid. 2d. P4d. 3d, Hd. 4d- Although this cheap postage is only limited to the weight of 12 ozs. ,yet heavier parcels can be sent ; but these are charged at the rate of Id. per oz. for their entire weight, thus a pound would cost 1/4, 2 lbs. 2/8, and so on. By a recent arrangement this last rate of postage has been adopted between London and all places in India ; that is to say, parcels are carried by post at the rate of Js. 4d. per lb., or fraction of a lb., between London and any of the Indian possessions, and the postage may be prepaid or not. By the addition of a number to each article, the purchaser is spared the trouble of particularizing it. He has only to quote the number, and the article will be sent by rail or post, as the case may be, in strict ac- cordance with the number. In committing this new edition to the public, Hearder AND Son, most respectfully and sincerely thank them for their liberal patronage, and solicit a continuation of it, assuring them that it shall be always their earnest endeavour to merit their support. January, 1875. 6 MEDALS AWARDED TO J. N. HEARDER and SON FOR THEIR VARIOUS INVENTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN SEA FISHING LINES AND TACKLE ARTIFICIAL RIVER AND SEA BAITS. KoYAL Cornwall Polytechmc Institution, 1865. Exposition Internationale de Peche, I^OULOGNK-SUK-MCU, lSf)28 Artificial Baits, Flies, &c 28-30 Courges, Tackle Cases. Gafls, Landing Appliances, &c. ,. 31-32 Shrimp, Prawn, and Lauding Nets 32-34 Trammels, Trawls, Seines, &c. . . . , . . . . . . 3'>-3G Crab, Lobster, Prawn, and Fish Traps 3/-38 Spears, Grains, &c., Miscellaneous Sea Tackle .. .. 38439 RIVER TACKLE. Rods JtHS Winches '^-28 Lines, Flies, Baits, and Miscellaneous River Tackle . . . . 42-45 Archery, Croquet, Cricketing 46 to 48 Rackets, Fencing and Single-sticks, and Athletics . . . . 49 Indian Clubs . . ' 50 Walking-sticks, Crutches oO Engineering Articles 51 Miscellaneous, Cat Gut, Lathe Hooks, &c SI Umbrellas, Parasols, *cc 62 Oil Silk, Waterproof Goods 53 Magic Lanterns, Dissolving Views, «Scc 53 Philosophical Apparatus 53-54 Dr. Hearder's Prize Medical Galvanic Machine . . . . 5b Warming and Ventilation 55 Improved Cooking Ranges 53 Guide to the Rivers of South Devon 57 Pike Fishing 72 Treatise on Sea Fjshnig '3 Sea Fishiug in the Neighbourhood of Plymouth, including Lobster, Crab, and Prawn Fishing 107 The Trammel, and its Use Ill 1 he Otter Trawl, and how to Use it ' 13 Gibraltar and Mediterranean Fishing 117 List ol Tackle suitable for Mediienanean Fishing . . . • 119 List of Tackle constituting a Fit-out for British Coast Fishing 120 Monthly List of Seasonable Fish 122 PRICE LIST. N.B.— This List supersedes all previous ones. LINES. Hearder & Son's Lines are of the finest material, and are spun by a peculiar process whicli prevents tliem from curling or running into kinks when wet. They are evenly spun, beautifully pliable, bulk for bulk stronger than any other Lines of the same kind, and free from that wiry hardness which is about the most objectionable quality a line can possess. UNMOUNTED LINES. IN HANKS OR COILS. Longer or shorter lengths than those specified at the same rate. No. 00 For Boulter heads, &c., per 50 fms., 10/- Ditto, tanned, 11/- 1 Ditto, 6/6 2 Ditto, tanned, 7/6 3 Ditto, medium, 5/- 4 Ditto, tanned, 6/- 5 Lines for Spiller heads, 50 fms., 3/6 6 Ditto, tanned, 4/6 7 Smaller ditto for Trots, 2/6 8 Ditto, tanned, 3/6 COD AND CONGER LINES. 9 40 fms., stout, 5/G 10 Ditto, medium, 4/- 11 Ditto, fine, 3/- The above tanned, 9d. each extra. B 10 WHITING LINES. 12 40fms., stout, 3, - 13 Ditto, medium, 2,6 14 Ditto, fine, 2/- Tanned, 6d. to 9d. extra. Yacht Lines for Mackerel Bailing. 15 20 fms., stout, 13 10 Ditto, medium, 1/- 17 Ditto, fine, 1/- Tanned, 6d. extra. Longer or shorter lengths in proportion. POUTING LINES. 18 20 fms., stout, 1- 19 Ditto, medium, 1 - 20 Ditto, fine, for harbour fishing, 9d. Tanned, 6d. extra. TIlc ahove are alsu suited for Drift Lines. Pollack & Mackerel Boat Whiflang Lines. 21 15 fms., medium, 9d. 22 Ditto, fine, 8d. Tanned, 3d. extra. FINE LINES, SNOODING, &c. 23 Flax Snooding, por hank, 12 fms., 6d. 21 Ditto, tanned, 9d. 25 Superfine flax Trolling Lines, admirable for Pollack or Bass Fishing ^v^tll a rod, also excellent for fine Mack- erel snoods, 20 to 120 yards, 8d. per score yards. Do., tanned, lOd. per score yards 26 Ditto, waterproofed, 1/- per score yards. 27 Water Cord, or fine Snooding, in hanks from 10 to 30 yards, at 2d. per score yards 28 Ditto, medium, 3d. per score yards 29 Ditto, stout, 4d. ditto 30 Superfine Netting Twine, 2/6 to 3/6 per Hi. 11 31 Hair Lines for sea fishinw, any length without knots, suitable foi' drift or whitiiug line, l^d. per yard 32 Medium ditto, 2d. 33 Stout ditto, 2id. 34 Extra stout, 3d. 35 Fine Hair Trolling Lines, in lengths of 10 to 40 yards, Id. per yard 36 Spun Silk Lines, l|d. to 2d. per yard 37 Chinese Twist, l^d. to 8d. per yard 38 Superior Gimp (white or black), with pure silk interior, fine and extra fine, l^d. per yard 39 Ditto, medium, 2d. and 3d. 40 Ditto, stout, 4d. and 6d. 41 Ditto, extra strong, with flax interior, to hold one cwt. or moi-e, suitable for Conger and Cod snoods, 6d. to lOd. per yard 42 Eight-plat Flax Lines, stout or fine, IS per score yards 42a Extra strong, 2, 6 per score 43 Ditto, tanned or waterproofed, 2/- per score 44 Eight-plat Silk Lines, any length, fine or medium, 2d. per yard 45 Ditto, waterproofed, 2d. per yard 46 Ditto, stouter, j^lain or waterproofed, 2|d. per yard 47 Ditto, extra stout, 2|d 48 Twisted Gut Lines, 6d. per yard 49 Ditto, strong, 9d. per yard 50 Ditto, extra strong, 1/- per yard 51 Ditto, superior Marana Gut, 1/6 to 2/- 52 Ditto, four-fold Gut, 1/- 63 Ditto, ditto, stouter, 2/- 54 Ditto, ditto, Marana, 3/- 54a Pennell's Graduated Twisted Gut Trace, with anti- concussion laiots, 3 yards, 3 - each 55 Platted Gut Lines, without knots, 1/- per yard 56 Superior Single Salmon Gut Lines, 6d. per yard 57 Ditto, stouter, 9d. 58 Ditto, extra Marana Gut, 1/- For finer Gut Lines, see River Tachle. 69 Silkworm Gut, medium quality, 2/6 to 4/- per hank 60 Ditto, stouter, o/- to 8 - 12 (>1 Ditto, superior Salmon Gut, 10/- to 16/- 62 Ditto, pxtia stronj? Marana Gut, 20/-, 25/-, and 30/- per hank of 100 lejigths, or 2/6, 3/, and 3/6 per dozen lengihs, selected 63 Soft Coppt^r Wire for snoods, 4d. per dozen yards 61 Ditto, for serving lines, 4d. to 1/- per ounce 65 Plated Wire, 2/- per ounce PRIZE MOUNTED SEA TACKLE. SURFACE TACKLE. 66 Smelt Line and paternoster, -with four hooks, on cane winder, 6d. 67 Ditto, stronger gut and line, 9d. and 1 - 68 Mullet Line and paternoster, Avith four hooks, on cane winder, 1/- 69 Ditto, twisted gut, 1/6 70 Ditto, six hooks, 2'- 71 Ditto, with ten yards hair line, 2,6 Hod Lines for Spiiiniag for Bass, Pollack, LytTie, Breanif Billet, Cndllngs, ami Mackerel from a Boat or Jetty, or from the lioclcs. (See article, '■ Bass lushing .'') The Gut appendages are here quoted first, as they can be used with any of the lines wliich follow : the purchaser has only to refer to the number of the appendage, and state the length and character of the line required. 72 Two yards platted Gut Trace, with swivel, supplemented by one yurd strong single Salmon gut, and terminated by a No. 3 Plano-convex Minnow, -1/6 73 Ditto, twisted gut in lien of platted gut, 3/6 71 Ditto extra strong twi- ed «_'ut. 4/- 75 Ditto, 3 yards strong siiii»l(! Salmon Gut, with swivel, 4 - 76 Ditto, extra Marana S;ilnion Gut, 4/6 and 6/- The above lines terminated witli Heaudeu's Spinner^ Des- patch bait, or Sand-eel, 1/- less 13 Iiines suitable for the above Appendages. 77 Superfine Flax Line, 30 to 100 yards, 8d. per score 78 Ditto, tanned, lOd. 78a Ditto, waterproofed, 1/- 79 Eight-plat Flax Lines, 1-8 per score 80 Ditto, tanned or waterproofed, *2/- 81 Eight-plat Silk Line, waterproofed, 2d. per yard 82 Stronger ditto, 'I^d. 83 Extra stout, 2H. The following are useful Bass Lines complete. 84 Sixty yards strong -waterproofed eight-plat Silk Line, with No. 72 platted gut appendage, 16/- 85 Sixty yards platted Flax Line, waterproofed, with twisted gut appendage No. 73, 10/- S6 Sixty yards superfine Flax Line, tanned or waterproofed, with No. 73 appendage, 6,'- FLOAT LINES. 86a Hair Lines on cane winders with C[uill float. Id. to 3d. 866 Ditto, with cork float, 4d. 86c Ditto, 6d. 87 Flax Lines, with floats on sc[uare winders, for Pollack, 9d. each 88 Ditto, stouter, with larger float, 1/6 89 Ditto, with larger floats and gimp snood, 2'- and 2 6 90 Superior Float Line of stout horsehair, large float, &c., on mahogany winder, for jetty or boat fishing, 3/- 91 Ditto, longer, stronger, and larger float, 4/- 92 Ditto, with paternoster, 5 - to 7/- WhiflS.ng, Mackerel, Railing Lines and Tackle. See articles on the subject in Treatise. 93 20-yard Line for Pollack, Lythe, Mackerel, &c., with boat-shaped sinker, wire snood, and single gut hook on square winder, 1/- 14 94 Ditto, longer and stronger, with gimp snood, 1/6 95 Ditto, with spinner at the end, 1/9 96 30-yard Pollack or Mackerel Flax Line, with boat- shaped sinker, gimp snood, gut trace, 3 flies and spinner, 2/6 97 Ditto, with 4 flies, swivel, and spinner, 3/ 98 Ditto, tanned, on mahogany reel, with boat-shaped or improved sensitive sinker, 3 flies to twisted gut, swivel and spinner, 3/6 9Sa Ditto, horsehair without knots, 7/- 99 Ditto, ditto, 4 flies, &c., 4/- 99a Ditto, ditto, horsehair without knots, 7/6 100 Ditto, G flies, &c., 5/- 100a Ditto, ditto, horsehair without knots, 8/6 100b Stout Flax Line, with extra strong gut appendages for Irish Coast fishing, 7/- Yacht, Mackerel, and Pollock Railing Lines. 101 20 fms., tanned, on ventilating winder, with boat- shaped lead, gimp snood, and flight of flies, swivel and spinner, 6,- 102 Ditto, with stouter gut trace, 7/- 103 Ditto, witli improved double taper sensitive lead on. loose axis, 1/- extra. fSee Article on Shilxrs.) 104 Ditto, with plummet lead and Heaeder's improved short revolving boom or chopstick on brass anti-friction tube, 1, G extra 105 40-yard Yacht Railing Lino of strong horsehair, with- out knots, anti-friction revolving boom or one-arm chopstick, with swivel, gimp snood, flight of flies, and spinner, mounted on ventilating reel, a very superior article, 15/- to 18/- Revolving Ijooms or chopsticks separate, 1/- WHIFFING APPENDAGES for LINES. 106 Twisted or strong single Salmon Gut Trace, with three- flies, brass swivel and spinner, 1/6 {Sec remarlcs on Whiffing.) 15 107 Ditto, four flies, 2/- 108 Ditto, six flies, 2/6 109 Ditto, extra stronj?, twisted Gut trace, with four twis- ted Gut flies, 2 G 110 Ditto, six twisted Gut flies, 4 - Stouter Gut Lines made to order. DRIFT LINES. 111 40 yards strong patent Horsehair Line on ventilating reel, with pipe leads, gimp suood, brass swivel, strong gut trace, and hook for bait, 8,'6 112 Ditto, ditto, stronger, 10'- 113 Ditto, ditto, extra strong, 11 '6 114 40-yard tanned Flax Drift Line, on ventilating reel, with pipe leads, &c., 4/- 115 Ditto, stouter and heavier leads, 5 - CHAD LIISTES. 116 25-yard Chad Line, with twisted gut, paternoster, and four hooks, on square winder, 2, 6 117 Ditto, tanned, on mahogany ventilating reel, 3 '6 118 25-yard Chad Line with chopstick, 2 - 119 Ditto, tanned, on mahogany ventilating reel, 2 6 120 Anti-friction brass revolving Chopstick, 1/- extra These Lines are also suitable fur Pouting. BOTTOM FISHIXG. FLAT-PISH AND POUTING TACKLE. Hkarder & Son's Gut Leger Trot for Fiat-Fish, consist- ing of a gut line or trace, with a sinker at each end, and hooks at intervals, one of the sinkers to be attached to the end of the main line. {See article on Flat-fish.) 121 3-feet Trot, on single gut, 1/- " 16 122 Ditto, twisted gut, 1/6 123 Ditto, with 25 yards tanned line, on mahogany reel, 2/6 124 Trot oi 6-feet, twisted gut, with 6 hooks and 25-yard line, on mahogany reel, 4/- 125 3-yard Trot, with 9 hooks, tanned line, and mahogany reel, 5/- 126 Ditto, ditto, stronger gut and stronger line, 7/- 126a 30-fm. ground leger Throw Line, on ventilating reel for fishing for bass, conger, (fee, from the shore, with 1 ih. plummet lead and revolving boom, 6/- POUTING LINES. 127 40-yard Pouting Line with chopstick, square winder, 2/- 128 Ditto, stouter, 2,0 129 40-yard Pouting Line, tanned, on mahogany ventilating winder, with chopstick, 2/6 130 Ditto, stouter, 3/- 131 Ditto, 50 yards, stout, 3/- and 3/6 132 Hearder's brass revolving detachable Chopstick, 16 to 2 '- extra {See Ground FiftJniig.) N.B. — These lines are all suitable for Chad fishing. WHITING LINES. 133 30 fms. Prize Tanned Line, warranted not to kink, on ventilating reel, improved 211). boat-shaped shearing sinker, sid-strap, and double-ended gimp snood, with hooks to gimp or twisted gut, 6/- 134 Ditto, stouter, witli 3 lb. improved shearing sinker, 7/- 135 Ditto, with swivels, S/- to 9/- 136 40 fms. Tanned Line, warranted not to kink, on ven- tilating reel, improved 21b. boi)t-shaped shearing sinker, sid-strap, and double-ended gimp snood, with hooks to gimp or twisted gut, G/6 137 Ditto, stouter, Avith improved boat-shaped shearing sinker, 8/- {See Wliitwg FisJimg.) 138 Ditto, with swivels, 9/- to" 10/6 139 30 fms. Taiin(;d Ijine, •n ventilating reel, with detach- able chopstick, and 2 lb. plummet lead and swivels, 6/- 17 140 Stouter ditto, with 3 ft. lead, 7/- 141 40 fms. medium Tanned Line, on ventilating reel, with detachable cliopstick, 21b. plummet lead, gimp hooks, with swivels, II- 142 Ditto, stouter, with heavier lead and larger swivels, 8/- 143 30 fms. Tanned Line, complete, with Hearder's im- proved Kentish rig, or brass revolving chopstick, on anti-friction tube, and plummet lead, 6.6 144 40 fms. Tanned Line, with improved Kentish rig, or revolving chopstick, 2 lb. plummet lead, gimp hooks, with swivels, 7/6 145 Ditto, stouter, with heavier lead, 8/6 to 10/6 146 Detachable revolving Chopstick, separate, 1 '6 to 2/6 147 Lines fitted wiUi Dartmouth rig, 6/- to 8/- ALL RIGS TO ORDER. COD AND CONGER LINES. 148 80 fms. Cod Line, tanned, on ventilating reel, with boat shaped improved shearing sinker, sid-strap, double- ended gimp snood, and hooks to twisted wire or soft platted flax snoods, 7/- 149 40 fms. ditto, 8- 150 40 fms. ditto, with three strong brass swivels and hooks to twisted wire or soft platted flax snood, 9/- 151 Ditto, ditto, stouter, 10/- 152 Ditto, ditto, with stronger swivels and gimp snoods, with hooks to extra strong gimp, or line served with wire, 12/-, 14/-, 16/- 152rt 50 fms. ditto, 20/- GEAR FOR BEEP SEA LINES. 158 Hearder's detachable Wire Chopstick, to be used with sinker of any weight, 1/- to 1/6 154 Hearder's Brass revolving Chopstick, on anti-friction tube, an improved form of the Kentish rig, 1 '6 each {See Re/narls on Whiting Ushing.) 18 155 Stouter ditto, 2/- 156 Hearder's short revolvinjr Boom, 1 '- {See miiffing.) 157 Gimp Whiting Snood, to take t\YO hooks below the lead, 7d. to 1- each {See Whiting Wishing.) 158 3-feet Gimp Sid-strap, 4d. to 8d. each 159 Double-ended strong Gimp Snood for Conger Lines,. loops whipped with wire, 1/- to 2/6 160 3-feet extra strong Gimj) Sid-straps, loops wliipped with wire, 1/- to 2/- 161 Eyed Hooks attached to twisted "Wire Snoods, for small Conger and Codling, 2/- and 2/6 per dozen 162 Ditto, larger, with stronger Wire Snoods, 8/- 163 Strong-eyed Sea Hooks attached to extra strong Gimp^ for Conger, Hake, &c., 6/- per dozen SWIVELS FOR SEA LINES. 164 Brass Box Swivels, No. 1 to 10, 1/6 per dozen 165 Ditto, with spring hooks, for attaching Minnows, &c.^ 2/- per dozen 166 Strong Brass Swivels for Whiting and Ground Lines, 2d., 3d., 4d., and 6d. each 167 Ditto, very strong, from 2 to 5 inches in length, for Cod and Conger, 8d., 1/-, 1/6- , 2/-, 2/6, 3/- {For Steel Suuvels, see River Tackle.) Fishing Leads or Sinkers. 168 Pipe Leads, 1 oz. and under, 1/- per dozen 169 Ditto, li and 2 ozs., I'G per dozen 170 Sensitive Leads, double-taper, with loose wire through the axis, 2 ozs. and under, 2d. ; 3 and 4 ozs., 3d. 6 ozs., 4d. 171 Ditto, 8 ozs., with central brass tube, 6d. ; larger Sen- sitive Sinkers, 6d. pen- lb {See article on Leads.) 172 Plummet Leads, Sugar Loaf, with Wire Eyes, Id. to (id. each 19 174 Boat-sliapecl Leads, with strong Wire Eyes for towing, 6d. per It). 173 Plummet Leads, Pear-sliapc, for Railing, &c., 6d. per lb, 175 Smaller ditto, 2d. to 6d. each 176 Improved Shearing Leads, with long mre arms, for keeping deep sea lines clear of each other at the bottom. 6d. per lb. 177 Plain Chopstick, with brass wire spreader through the lead for Pouting. 1,'- 178 Ditto, for Whiting, 2/- to 3,- 179 Split Shot, lid. per box 180 Ditto, in larger Tin Boxes, 14 per lb. Reels. 181 Square Wood Ventilating Winders, 3d. and 4d. each 182 Mahogany Ventilating Eeels for Whiffing Lines, 6d. to 8d. each 183 Strong Wood Ventilating Reels for \\Tiiting, Cod, Con- ger, &c., Id. per inch 184 Hearder's Box Reels for Boulters, carrj-ing the line on the outside and the hooks in the interior, 9 inches square, 14 inches high, with cheeks, 12/-, 10 inches square, 15 inches high, 14,-, 11 inches square, 16 inches high, 15,'-, 12 inches square, 17 inches high, 16/-, 15 inches squ.are, 22^ inches high, 20/- TROTS, SPILLERS, AND BOULTERS, N.B. — The above terms are frequently used for one another; but for the sake of distinction, in the followhig hst the term Trot is confined to tioatini" lines, with a nimiber of hooks suspended at intervals. The term Stiller applies only to long lines and hooks of medium size, suited to stretch across estuaries; and the terai Boulter embraces the longer and stronger lines used at sea or on the coast lor larger fish. Floating Trots. 185 Floating Trot of tanned flax line, 25 hooks to twisted- gut or gimp, with corks and pipe leads, 12/- 20 186 Ditto, with buoy-lines and sinkers, on separate reels, 20/- 187 Ditto, with brass swivel at every hook, 24/- 188 Floating Trot of tanned flax line, 50 hooks to twisted gut or gimp, 24/ - 189 Ditto, with buoy lines, &c., 34/- 190 Ditto, witli brass swivel at every hook, 40/- 191 Floating Trot Horsehair, 25 hooks to twisted gut or gimp, with buoy lines complete, 28/- 192 Ditto, with swivel at every hook, 32,'- 193 Ditto, 50 hooks to twisted gut or gimp, 45 '- 194 Ditto, with swivel at each hook, 52/G Ground Spillers for Estuaries, &c., with 50 Hooks. These can cither be laid from the shore with a sinker at the further end, or laid in the middle of a channel with a buoy line at each end. 195 Spiller with 50 hooks to flax snood, wound on square wood reel, 5/- ; or with buoy lines, corks, and sinkers, 13 '- 196 Ditto, longer and better quality, 8/- ; with buoy lines, drc, 18/- 197 Ditto, with 50 hooks to twisted gut or gimp, 15/- ; or with buoy lines, 25/- 198 Ditto, ditto, with swivel at every hook, G/6 extra 199 Ditto, longer and stronger, 20 '- ; or with buoy lines, 30/- 200 Ditto, with swivel at every hook, 8/6 to 12/6 extra 201 Spiller, with 50 Eel hooks to brass wire, 10/- ; or -with buoy lines, 20/- 202 Ditto, longer and stronger, 14/-, witli budv lines, 24/- •203 Ditto, with swivel at each hook, 8/(; to 12 ('■> extra 204 Spiller, with 50 hooks to detachable twisted wire snoods for small Conger, Flat-lish, Bass, &c., with buoy lines complete, 30/- 205 Ditto, with s rong swivel at each hook, 12/6 extra 206 Ditto, stronger and largfsr liooks, 35/- 207 Ditto, with swivel at each hook, 12/6 or 17/- extra 21 208 Extra strong Spiller, witli HO Looks to veiy stout Conger gimp, complete with buoy lines, 42/- 209 Ditto, witli swivel at each hook, 12; 6 to 17/- extra 210 Ditto, longer line and stronger hooks, 50 - 211 Ditto, with swivel at each hook, 12/6 to 17/- extra Boulters, with 100 Hooks. Wound on Heardee's Box Reel, which carries the hooks inside, with buoy lines complete on separate reels — a novel and most complete ai-ranjrement. Any of the following Boulters can be had fitted with Heaeder's new Revolving Boulter-head Link, which permits the snoods to be attached to, or detached fi-om it in a few seconds, at the same time that it prevents them from getting coiled up around it. This is a most useful contrivance, as in case of trouble in unhooking the fish, the snood can be instantly slipped off from the link and another substituted. Price 33 - to 50/- extra 212 Boulter complete, with 100 hooks to flax snood, 32/- 212a Ditto, stouter make, 36/- 213 Ditto, with Eel hooks to brass wire snoods, better quality, 52 - 214 Ditto, with hooks to gimp or twisted gut, 60 - 215 Ditto, with swivel at each hook, 17/- extra 216 Ditto, stouter malie, with sea hooks to strong twisted wire detachable snoods, 75/- 216a Ditto, with strong swivels, 25/- extra 216& Ditto, extra stout, 84/- 217 Ditto, with strong swivels, 50/- extra 218 A very superior Boulter, with 100 large sea hooks to extra gimp, wound on box reel, with buoy lines complete, suitable for Conger, Cod, and large sea fish, 110/- 219 Ditto, with very strong brass smvel at each hook, 160/- 219a Ditto, extra strong, of very superior make, fitted with Heardee's improved revolving head links, extra strong swivels and hooks, with wire snoods suitable for very heavy fish, £10 10s. 21% Ditto, with 200 hooks. £19 N.B. — Any uuraber of tlie ineceding Boiillers can be joined end to end, so as to extend to any leijuired length. 22 HOOKS. 220 Best Kirby Hooks, blue and tinned, 6-0, 2 '- ; o'D, 1/8 ; 4-0, 1/4 ; 3-0, 1/4 ; 2-0, 1/4 ; l-Q, 1/4 ; 1 to 14, 1/- per 100 221 Superior Limerick Hooks, black and tinned, lO'O, 8/- ; 9-0, 7/- ; 8-0, G/- ; 7-0, 5/- ; 6-0, 4/- ; 5-0, 3/6 ; 4-0, 3/- ; 3-0, 2 '6- ; 2-0, 2/- ; l-Q, 2/- ;i 1 to 14, 1/- per 100 222 Extra Long Shank, ditto, 5-0, 3/6 ; 4-0, B/- ; S'O, 2/6 ; 2-0, 2/- per 100 223 Portsmouth Whiting Hooks, 2/- per 100 224 Exeter Eound-bend Sea Hooks, blue, 1, 6/6 ; 2, 5 6 ; 3, 4/6 ; 4, 3/3 ; 5, 2/3 ; 6, 1'8 ; 7, 1/3 ; 8 to 14, 1/- per 100. Kirby Hooks, same price 225 Ditto, tinned, 1, 7/6 ; 2, 6/- ; 3, 5/3 ; 4, 3/8 ; 5, 2'4 ; 6, 1/10 ; 7, 1/4 ; 8 to 14, 1/- per 100. Kirby Hooks, same price 226 Ditto, tinned and eyed, 1, 10/- ; 2, 7/6 ; 3, 6/- ; 4, 4/- ; 5, 3/- ; 6, 2/6 ; 7, 2/- ; 8, 1/6 ; 9 to 14, 1/- per 100 227 Extra Long Hake and Cod Hooks, tinned and eyed, 2d. to 5d. each 228 Hake, Albacore, and Bonita Hooks, 2d. to 4d. each 229 Shark Hooks, with chains and swivels, 2/-, 2 '6, and 3/- each 230 Double Hooks, 1/- to 3/- per dozen 231 Treble Hooks, blue, bright, or tinned 1/6 to 4/- per dozen 232 Ditto, ditto, extra large, 51- to 12/- per dozen 232a Pot hooks, lip hooks, &c., &c. Mounted Hooks. 233 Gut Hooks, 6d. to 1/- per dozen 234 Strong ditto, to Salmon Gut, 2/- to 3/- 235 Extra strong Marana Gut, 4/- 236 Twisted Gut Hooks, 2/- 237 Ditto, stronger, 3/- 238 Ditto, extra strong, 4/- to 61- 239 Hooks to Gimp, 2/-, 2/6, 3/- 240 Large-eyed Sea Hooks for Conger, &c., to extra strong Gimp detachable Snoods, 6/- per dozen 23 241 Sea Hooks eyed with strong twisted Wire Snoods, 2/- and 2,6 per dozen 242 Ditto, larger stronger snood, 3/- 243 Ditto, with soft platted Flax Snoods, 3/- 244 Eel Hooks to Brass Wire, 1/- per dozen 245 Single Trimmers, 1 - to 1/6 246 Double Trimmers, 2 - per dozen 247 Spring Snap Hooks to Wire, 1/- each 248 Extra Large Treble Hooks to very strong Twisted Wire and Large Brass Swivel, for Porpoises, &c., 3/- to 4/- each FLOATS, Wood, painted. Id. to 3d. each Cork, 2d. to 6d. Large Egg Floats, Sd. to 1/6 Extra Large, 2 - Quill Floats, 2d. to 4d. Porcupine ditto, 6d. KODS. Hazel Rods for Smelt and MuUet, 2 joints, 6d, to 9d. 3-joint ditto, lOd. Ditto, bone tops, 1 /- Ditto, brass ferrules, 1/6, 2/- 4- joint, brass ferrules, 2/6 Ditto, ditto, 3/- 6-joint ditto, 4/- Ash Rods for worm fishing, 2 joints, ringed, 1/3 Ditto, 3 joints, 9 feet, plain, 1 6 Ditto, better, 2/- Dilto, ringed, 3/6 Ditto, 4 joints, 12 feet, plain, 3/6 24 267 Ditto, ringed, 5,- 268 Ditto, winch-littfd, 6 G 269 Ditto, ditto, brazp'l. 8/- 270 Bamboo Worm Kods. 3 joiiits, 2, 6 271 Ditto, with lancewnod top, 3/- 272 Ditto, ringed, brazed, and spliced top, 6- 273 Ditto, plain, 4 joints. 4 274 Ditto, ringed, brazed, and spliced top, 8/- 275 Ditto, 5 joints, ringed, brazed, and spliced top, 10/- 276 Ditto, 6 joints, ringed, brazed, and spliced top, 12/- Boat Rods with Upright Rings. 277a 2-joint, brazed, 8 feet, G/- 27Ha Ditto, wincli-fitted, 8/- 279.f 8-joint, winch-fitted, 9 feet, 10/- 280a 4-"joint., ditto, 10^ feet, 14/- 281a 4-joint, ditto, best, in bag, 10^ feet, 18/- 282a 3-joint, East India Cane, brazed, winch-fitted, in bag, 11 feet, 14/- 283a Ditto, 4 joints, 11 feet, 18,- Large Strong Rods, for Sea Fishing from the Shore, with Upright Rings. 284& 4-joint, brazed, -winch-fitted, in bag, 14 feet, 16/- 284c Ditto, 15 feet, 22/- 2857^ Ditto, IG feet, 25/- 286& Ditto, 18 feet, 32/- 'Ihesc Hods are adapted for fisJung vntJi Float Lines from a boat, ajner, or from the rocks. Trolling Rods with Uprlf^ht Rings. 287 4 joints, two tops, wire rings, 12 feet, 18 - 287a Ditto, cast rings, 23/- 28H Ditto, 1 t Icet, wire rings, 20/- 289 Ditto, 14 feet, 3 tops, < ast ring--. 25/- 290 Ditto, 14 fe.'t, 3 tops, superior, 35/- 25 East India Cane Spinning Rods for Pike, Bass, Pollack, Billet, Lythe, Llackerel, &c. 291 4 ioints, 12 feet, one top, wire upriglit rings, 20/- 291a Ditto, two tops, solid rings, 26/- 292 Ditto, 14 feet, 2 tops, wire upright rings, 25/- 293 Ditto, 1(5 feet, 2 tops, wiro rings, 30/- 294 Ditto, 14 feet, solid rings, 2 tops, 28/- 295 Ditto, ditto, douLle brazed, solid rings, 35/- 297 Ditto, 16 feet, 2 tops, solid rings, 40/- 297a Ditto, ditto, douule brazed, 45/- 2976 Ditto, 18 feet, ditto, 50/- 298 Ditto, 18 feet, v.ila spare sbort butt, solid upriglit rings, 4 tops, 60/- 299 Ditto, ditto, double brazed, 70/- 300 5 joints, 20 feet. 2 tops, wire upright rings, 50/- 300a Ditto, ditto, double brazed, sohd rings, o6/- 301 4 joints. 18 feet, supciior finish, German silver ferrules, inner caps, and winch nttiiigs, extra short butt, with German silver mounts, brass upright rings, 84/- 302 Ditto, ditto, Genn.iii silver, upright rings and mount- ings, extra finish, 100/- For General Rods, see pages 41-42. WINCHES OR REELS. N.B. — Reels holding 40 vards and over are suitable for Salmon, Bass, Pike, &c. Plain Winches. 303 10 yards, 1/6 304 15 vards, 2/- 305 20 yards, 2/6 306 30 yards, 3/- Best Plain Burnished. 307 15 yards, l.| inch diameter, 2/6 308 20 ditto. If „ „ 3/- 309 30 ditto. If „ „ 3/6 26 310 40 yards, 2 incli diameter, 4 - 311 50 ditto, 2i 5/- 312 60 ditto, 2k 6/- 313 70 ditto, 2^ 7- 314 80 ditto, 2^ 8'- 315 90 ditto, 3 9'- Check Reels. 316 20 ynrds, 4/- 317 30 ditto, 4/6 318 40 ditto, 5/- 319 50 ditto, 6/- BurniRlied, Contracted, Plain. 320 15 yards 1^ incli diameter 3/- 320a ditto ditto •wilh check . . 4/6 321 20 ditto If ditto . . 3/6 321a ditto ditto \\-iih chock 5/- 322 30 ditto 11 ditto 4/- 322a ditto ditto with check . 5/6 323 40 ditto 2 di.tO . .• 4/6 323a ditto ditto with check 6/- 324 50 ditto 21 ditto 5/- 324a ditto ditto with check 6/6 325 60 ditto 2 J ditto . 6/- 325a di1;lo ditto hi'onzcd and check 9/- 326 70 ditto 2;- dicto 7/- 326a ditto ditto bronzed and check 10/- 327 80 ditto 2i ditto . 8/- 327a ditto ditto bronzed and check 11/- 328 90 ditto 3 ditto . 9/- 328a ditto ditto bronzed and check 12/- 329 100 ditto 3.i ditto . 10/- 329a ditto ditto bronzed and check 13/6 330 120 ditto 3i ditto . 11/- 330a ditto ditto bronzed and check 14/6 331 130 ditto 4 ditto . 12/- 331a ditto ditto bronzed and check 15/6 332 150 ditto U ditto . 15/. 27 332a 150 yards, 4^ inch diameter, bronzed and check 333 180 ditio 5 dilio 333a ditto dilto bronzed and check 18/6 18/- 22/- Improved Eronzed Contracted Reels, With Eevolving Plate Handle and Check, suitable for Sal- mon, Bass, Pike, &c. 333& 2 inches diameler . 11/- 333c 2k ditto . 12/- 333(7 2^ dilto . 13/- 333e 2f ditto . 14/- 334 3 ditto . 15'- 334a 34 ditto . 17/. 335 3i ditto . 18/- 336 4 ditto . 20/- 337 41 ditto . 22/- 338 41 ditto . 24/- 339 4| ditto . 29/- 340 5 ditto . 28/- and 30/- 340a 51 ditto _ . 40/- The quant i* y of Line each Bed w ill hold ivill vary with the thccl vess The above in Ebonite, with bronzed Eotatin g Plate Handle, 2/- to 3/- extra. Burnished Miiitiplying Keels. 341 20yai'ds . . 6/- 342 30 ditto . 7/- 343 40 dilto . . 8/- 344 50 ditto . • 9/- Multiplying Reels, Contracted, Burnished. 345 20 yards . • 7/- 346 30 ditto • 8/- 347 40 ditto . 9/- 348 50 ditto . iv 349 60 ditto . 12- 350 70 ditto . 13- 351 80 ditto . 14, - With Che( k,l/ ■to2 /- extra 28 Hearder's Galvanizod-Iron Gunwale Wiiicli. A novel and convenient invention for winding in Whiting and other deep sea Lines. It is fixed on the gunvrale of a boat by means of an adjusting clamp and a tightening screw, to suit gun'.Yales of diflerent thicknesses. The line is wound upon a reel turned by a winch, 352 Boat "SVinch for Whiting Line, 15/-, or- for Cod, 20/- 352rt Gunwale Winch for Whiting, with shifting jaw to suit Yachts, 18/-, or for Cod, 22/- AETIFICIAL SEA BAITS, FLIES, &c. Hearder's Celebrated Prize Silver Spinner. For Mackerel, Pollack, and every description of Sea Fish. {See rcmarhs on Whiffing.) 352?* No. 00, Baby spiimer, unmounted, Id. each. Ditto mounted on gnt or wire, 2d. each, or 6 by post 1/3 353 No. 0, with single hook, price 2d., or G by post, 1/3 354 No. 1, with treble hook, price 3d., or 3 by post, 1, - 355 No. 2, price 4d., ditto, 1/3 356 No. 3, 6d. 357 No. 4, 8d. 358 No. 5, lOd. 359 No. 0, 1/- 359a Larger si^.e for Bouita, Albacore, Dolphin, &c., 2/6, 3/- 3596 Ditto, extra large and strong, suitable also for Por- poises and large Indian fish, 3/6 359c Ditto, witli frcljlc hook and twisted wire snood, and very strong brass swivel, 7/- Postage, 2d. extra 29 Caution. — Messrs. Heardeu and Sox havinf; heard complaints of spurious imitations of their Spinners, which Iwist and foul the line, request purchasers to ^ee that their name is stamped on each bait, without which none can be depended upon. Heardor's Despatch Bait. This bait is contrived for the speedy unhooking of mackerel ■when they bite greedily. It spins on the rigid shank of a single hook, 1 hereby dispensing with the treble one. In reference to this bait, the Editor of the Field. No. 1,142, November 14, 1874, remarks "a small Spinner of the Archi- medean type spins on tlie shank of a hook, which is elongated for the purpose, and a bait can also M needed be placed on the hook. The plan is certainly ingenious, and we should think would prove eflfective." 359^/ No. 1, 2d. each ; No. 2, 3d. ; No. 3, 4d. ; 3 by post 3d. extra 359e " Kingfisher," a new bait for ocean fishing, 3/6 359/ Ditto, with twisted vnre snood, and swivel, 6/6 360 Artificial Flying Fish, 3/- to 4/- Hearder's Piano-Convex Bait. 361 For Bass, Coal-Fish, Billet, Codlings, Mackerel, Sea Trout, &c., 1,^ or by post 1/8 362 Lai-ger ditto, 2'-, or bj post 2/3 {See also Frhe Artijicial Baits amoii'jst the liiver Tachle.) Hearder's Prize Indiarubber Sand Eel. For Bass, Pollack, &c. : a most killing bait. [See rer.iarhs on Whiffing cwd Eat^s Fishing.) 363 Plain or Spiral, with looped gut, drab colour, for Bass, 2/- per dozen, or 2/3 by post 364 Tvdsred gut, strong single Salmon gut or gimp, 3'- per dozen, or 3; 3 by post 365 Ditto, very strong, 4/- per dozen, or 4/3 by post 365a Extra, 5/-, or by post, 5/4 3656 Hearper's Two to Ore Sand Eel. This bait has a hook at the tail as Avell as the head. Price 4/- per dozen, or by post 4/3. Eed ditto, 5/- per dozen, or by post 5 '4 30 365c Hearder's Spinning Sand Eel, sometimes known as " Capt. Toms," with lirass swivel, for Bass, Pollack, &c. The peculiar form of this bait causes it to spin and dart with a life-like appearance ; 4/- per dozen, or 4/o by post. Ditto, red, 5/- or 5/8 by post Hearder's Red Indiarubber Sand-Eel. An extraordinary bait for large Pollack. N.B. — This bait is alloAved to be the most killing ever introduced on the Irish coast 3H6 Looped Gut, o/(i per dozen, or P. 8 by po.st 367 Strong Single Salmon Gut, Twisted Gut or Gimp, 4/- per dozen, or 4/2 by post 368 Extra strong, 5/- and 6/- ]}er dozen, 4d. extra by post 369 Green or Grey Indiarubber Eels, same price as Red 370 Indiarubber Sand-Eels, Drab, on eyed hooks, without gut or gimp, 2/- and 3/- per dozen, 2d. extra by post 371 Ditto, Red or Green, 3/- to 4/- per dozen, 2d. extra by post 371a Hk.vkdf.r's Jim Crow Bait, consisting of a baby spinner with a red or grey sand-eel tail, 5/- per dozen, or by post 5/4 371& Ditto, Sole Skin Tail, 4/-, or by post 4/4 Hearder's Sea Flies, for Bass, Pollack, &c, 372 "White or Red Flics on single or looped gut, 1/G per dozen 373 Ditto, on strong Salmon or twisted gut, 2/- and 2/6 per dozen 374 Extra-large Flies, on eyed hooks, without gut, 2/- per dozen 374a Heardkr's Green Flies, with Silver Bodies, in imita- tion of Brit, looped gut, 3/- per dozen ; twisted gut, 4'- per dozen 374& IIeaudicr's Sole Skin bait, for Bass, Pollack, and Mackerel, looped gut, 1/6 per dozen ; twisted gut, 2/- Postage, 2d. per dozen extra. 375 Artificial Shrimps and Prawns 9d. each 31 376 Spoon Bait, No. 1, Gu. ; No. 2, 9cl. ; No. 3, 1/6 ; No. 4, 2/- ; No. 5, 2 '6 ; No. 6, 3/- Postage, 2(1. extra 376a American Spoou balLs, with feathered tails, 2/- each, or by post, 2/4 377 Live Lugwonas for Bait Courges, or Sand-Eel Baskets. To tow asteni, keeping the Sand-eels alive 378 Small, 6/- 379 Medium, 7 '- 380 Large, 8/'- JapannecL Tin Taelile Cases. 381 Case for Whiffing Lines, No. 00, with shifting tray, &c., 5/- 382 Larger ditto, ditto, with compartments for stock of various appendages, hooks, baits, traces, leads, &c.. No. 0, 7/- ; No. 1, 9/- ; No. 2, 11/- ; No. 3, 13/- ; No. 4, 25/- ; No. 5, 30/- ; No. 6, 40/- Leather Cases for Hooks and Flies. 383 Plain, 1/- to 3'- 384 Ditto, more complete, 7/- Gaffs. 385 Strong Galvanized-ii'on Boat Gaff, for heavy Sea Fish, 2/6, 3/- 385a DiUo, extra long and lai-ge for yachts, 4/- 386 Gaff, with Hake hook to nn'screw, and short baton han- dle, 1/6 387 Ditto largo Hake hook, stronger make, 3/- 388 Ditto, with large screwed hook, with handle suited to take landing riag, 5/- Gaff or Isanding Handles. 389 Strong Gaff-handle, 8 to 10 feet long, in two parts, witii ferrule joints for rock fishing, 8/- and 10/- 32 390 Ditto, 3 joints, 10/- and 12/- 391 Ditto, very strong, with screw joints, 12/- to 16/- Telescope Gaff or Landing Handles. 392 Cane, 2 joints, 6/- 393 Ditto, 3 joints, 10/- 394 Ditto, 4 joints, 14/- Plain Landing Handles. 395 Hazel, 1/- 396 Bamboo, 2/6 397 Ditto, superior, 3/- 398 Ditto, 4-feet long, 3/6 398a Ditto, bored to hold top, 4/6 399 Stron<>- Asli ditto, 2/6 400 Shorter ditto, 2 - GalF-hooks. 401 Gaff-hooks to screw, 2 - and 2/6 Landing Rings, Net Rings, &c. 402 PLiin Landing Pting, 1/- 403 Ditto, with joint to turn back over the handle, 5/- 404 Knuckle Joints, to suit Landing Handles, and take plain or jointed rings, 5/- 405 Folding Landing llings, 10 inches, 3/- ; 12 inches, 3/6 ; 14 inches, 4/- ; 16 inches, 5/- ; 18 inches, 6/- 406 Shrimp or Prawn Net Rings, round or oval, 1/- to 1/6 407 Ditto, D-shaped, 3/- to 5/- 408 Ditto, spoon-shapo (as described. by Wilcocks), 15x12, 3/6 ; 17 X 14, 3/6 ; 19x1 5, 4/- ; 21 x 18, 4.6 ; 24 x 21, 5/- 409 Iron Sockets to the above, 1/6 extra. Shrimp, Prawn, and Landing ITets. tIMIOUNTEn. 110 Shrimp Nets, 12 i)i. diameter, 12 in. deep, 1/6 411 Shrimp Nets 14 in. diameter, 14 in. deep, 2/- 412 ditto 16 „ 16 5) 2/3 413 ditto 18 „ 18 ?> 2/6 414 ditto 24 „ 24 5/. 415 ditto 30 „ 30 ,, 7/- 415a ditto extra strong twine 11/- 416 ditto 36 „ 36 ]) 9/- 416a ditto extra stout twine 14/- 416& ditto 42x36 12/- 41Gc ditto 42 X 33, extra strong twine 16- 417 Landing Nets for Trout. I'i inches, 8d. ; 14 inches ,1/- 418 Ditto, for Salmon, 16 inclies, 1/4; 18 inches, 1/6; 2 feet, 2/6 ShrimD and Prawn Nets. 419 Small Shrimp Nets, mounted with handles, 1/6 to 3/- 420 Larger ditto, on galvanized-iron rings, round or D- shape, without handles, with spike to drive, 3/6 to 12/- 421 Ditto, wiih screw to fit. Landing Handles, 8d. to 9d. extra 422 Iron Sockets to fit screv>-s, 1/6 extra 423 Strong Ash Handles for ditto, 4-feet, 2/- 424 Ditto, fitted >vith galvanized-iron screw socket, 3/6 425 Ash Pole, 6-feet 6 inches, 3/- 425a 8-feet ditto, 4/- 425& 10-feet ditto, 5/- 426 Galvanized-iron screw sockets fitted to the above, 1/6 extra 427 Pool Prawn Nets, mounted, on oval or spoon-shape rings, with screws to fit iron sockets, 15x12, 7/6; 17 X 14, 7/6 428 Ditto, with G-feet 6-iiich pole and iron screw socket, 12/- 429 Ditto, 19x15, complete, Avith pole and socket, 13/- 430 Ditto, 21 X IS, 14/- 431 Ditto, 24x21, 15/- 432 10 or 12-feet Moitled Cane Poles, 3/- extra 34 433 Prawn Nets, mmxnted on galvanized-iron rings for baiting, 24 inches diameter, witli sling, 1*2-; 30 inches, 14/- ; 36 inches, IG/- * 434 Strand Shrimping Nets, D-sliaped, with shifting pole, 7-feet long, and galvanized jointed hoop to fold down flat upon the wood cross piece, for convenience of packing, 30 inches wide, with 27 inch hoop, 22/- ; 36 inches wide, with oO-inch hoop, 25/- ; 42 inches wide» with 36-inch hoop, 30/- 435 Hearder's Improved Naturalist's Dredge Net, 20/- to 30/- 436 Ditto, with canvas hunt and net sides for very small objects, 20/- to 30/- 436a Oyster Dredge, with shackles, outriggers, and chaui for detaching oysters, 35/- Trammels. Of improved construction, from very superior Hemp Twine^ barked, roped, corked, and leaded, ready for use. 4366 15 fms., 6 feet deep, £5 436c 20 fms., ditto £6 437 30 fms., ditto £7 10s. 438 40 fms., ditto £9 439 50 fms., G-feet deep, £12 439a 60 fins.. ditto £15 4S9b 70 fms., ditto £18 439c 80 fms.. ditto £20 439fZ 90 fms., ditto £22 439cl00 fms.. ditto £24 The above sizes 8-feet deep, al-out 20 per cent, extra. * These baited prawn nets are lowered from a boat or jetty by ))cin(,' slune to a rope, passing over a pulley at tlie end of an out- rig^rer. Fish garhugc is sluui,' in the cross lines, and laslenwd by means of the leather slides. A weif.'ht in the bottom enables the net to sink easier. The drawing up of the net must be perlorraed j;ently. They can also be sunli alonp shore with a hrioy line and cork to mark their situulion, from which they can be Ufred by a long forked stick. Crabs and lobsters are ollen taken with these nets, as well as shrimps and prawns. 35 Beam Trawls. Complete with beam, irons, and bridl e ropes ; best coostruction. 440 lO-feet Learn, .t'7 441 12 ditto £7 10s. 442 14 ditto £8 10s. 443 16 ditto £9 10s. 444 18 ditto £11 445 20 ditto £13 Larger sizes to order. Otter Trawl. Improved construction, Avith Otter boards. Experience sliows tlie increasing value and convenience of this net for 5'achts ; it packs up into a small compass and requires no beam. The Otter boards, which vary in size accordincr to the spread of the net, are loaded with iron on the lower edge, which causes them to keep a vertical position when they reach the bottom. Each board is furnished with a belly- band like that of a kite ; these are united by a very long bridle or span, as it is soiiiotimes termed, the centre of v.-hich is either formed into a bi^ht for atti-r-hnient to the tow rope, or what is still better divided into two spans, each being furnished with an eye at the end, the eyes of one end are furnished with shackles for attachment to the belly-bands of the Otter boards, and the other pair serve for connection with the tow rope. By this means the Otter boards recede from each other as the net is drawn through, the v.'ater, and spread out from each other in towing, until the mouth of the net is drawn to its full extent. The gi'ound rope is leaded to drag the bottom, and the upper rope is furnished with corks sufficient to keep the mouth open. Y\'hen the net is raised the boards close in together, and the whole net comes up like a large purse. When required for water deeper than 10 or 15 fathoms, extra lead plates can be screwed to the Otter boards to keep them from rising off the ground. They can be made 80 or 90-feet spread, and still the principle holds good. A small steam pinnace, or a 24-feet cutter, v.ill tow an Otter Trawl from 25 to 42-ieet spr.iad. 36 All who use them speak highly of the principle, and no yacht should be without one. {See chapter ou Trmds in the treatise.) 445ffi OLter Trawl with boards, complete, 15-feet ■\\'ide at month, barked, corked, roped, and leaded, suitable for cutter 16 to 20-feet, £6 Pair of spans with shackles, &c. for ditto, 25/- 4156 Ditto, 25-feet wide at mouth, barked, corked, roped, and leaded, suitable for cutter from 20 to 25-feet, £9 Pair of Spans with Shackles, &c. for ditto, £2 446 Ditto, 42-feet v/ide at mouth, the most convenient size for general purposes, suitable for cutter 22 to 33 feet, £11 N.B.- — Tliis trawl has l>een worked by. a boat, New- castle rig, 18 feet long, with an 8-feet beam, scarcely registering 3 tons. Pair of spans Avith shackles, Arc, for ditto, £3, 446rt Ditto, 60 feet wide, suitable for cutter 33 feet and upwards, or say 20 to 30 or 40 tons, £17 Pair of spans with shackles, &c., for ditto, £5 446Z» Ditto, 90 feet, suitable for cutter 40 to 100 tons, £22 Pair of spans with shackles, &c., for ditto, £9 Soines. Barked, corked,, roped, and leaded, complete for use, with purse in centre, IJ and 2 inch mesh. These sizes of mesh refer to the ditierence between the centre and the wings 447 8 feet docp, 10 f nis. Ion?, £4 lOs. 448 Ditto, 20 „ ditt:), £7 449 Ditto, 40 „ ditto, £11 10s. 450 Ditto, 50 „ diUo, £14 451 12 ft. deep, 10 „ ditto, £5 5s. 452 Ditto, 20 „ ditto, £8 8s. 453 Ditto, 40 „ ditto, £14 10s. 454 Ditto, 50 „ ditto, £17 455 16 ft. deep, 10 „ ditto, £6 6s. 456 Ditto, 20 „ ditto, £10 457 Ditto, '10 „ ditto, £17 458 Ditto, 50 „ ditto, £21 459 20 ft. deep, 10 „ ditto, £7 10s. 460 Ditto, 20 „ ditlo, £12 37 461 20 ft., deep, 10 fms. long, £16 462 Ditto, 40 „ ditto, i'20 463 Ditto, 50 „ ditto, £24 Intermediate sizes at intermediate prices. Larger and smaller meshes nt proportionate prices. Mackerel Drift Nets. 464 Bai'ked, roped, and corked, 6 to 10 score meshes deep, 3/6 to 6/- per fatliom SALMOX, STOP, TUCK, DRAG, AND SET NETS, AND EVERY KIND OF NET TO ORDER. Crab, Lobstftr, Prawn, Eei, and Conger Traps, in Wicker, Wire, or Net. These Traps are Laitcd iu the i'^terior with fish garbage, fastened dov,n to the bottom ; Ihey are then weighted snfiiclently to keep them at the bottom, and are lowered by being slung to a buoy line, the buoy marking their situation. They are usually set down at night and taken up in the raorniner. Hkabdku's Improved Wicker and Cane Crab and Lobster Triips, with detachalde bottoms, which permit the traps to be packed one within the other for economy of space. 465 Wicker, 8/- 466 Di;to, larger, 9/- 466« Ditto, collapsing net, 25/- Eel and Prawn Traps. 466& No. 1, double entrance, 3ox 14x11, 12/- No. 2 ditto 36x20x12,14/- 466c Wicker Prawn Traps with movable bottoms for con- venience of packing one ia the other No. 1, 16 wide at bottom, 10 high, 4/- No. 2, 18 wide, 12 high, 5/- 467 Conger Traps of galvanized iron rod, 3 ft. 6 in. long by 1 ft. 6 in. diameter, £5 467rt Buoy Lin^ for ditto, 7/6 468 Portable Fish Traps, for all kinds of gi'ound fish, drum shfipe, of net stretched on iron hoops, with inverted conical ends, which close in together for packing, 25/- to 30/- 38 •169 GalvanizPcl "Wire Prawn Traps — No. 1, 1 ft. 1 in. diameter, 12/- „ „ improved, 14/- No. 2, 1ft. Sin, diameter, 14/- „ ,, improved, 16/- 470 Galvanized Wire CraT) and Lobster Pots — No. 1, 2 ft. diameter, 20/- No. 1, extra strong, 26/- No. 2, 2ft. Bin. „ 28/- No. 2, „ 34/- No. 3, 3 ft. „ 40/- No. 3, „ 42/- 471 Galvanized Wire Eel Traps- No. 1, Single entrance, for rivers, 30x13x10, 16/- No. 1, ditto, extra strong, 20/- No. 2, 36x14x11,20/- No. 2, Extra strong, 23/- 471a Ditto, double entrance, for canals and still waters — No. 1, 36 A 14 X 11, 22/- Extra strong, 24/- No. 2, 36 - 20 X 12, 26/- „ 32/- No. 3, 36x24x13, 34/- „ 40/- 471& Buoy Lines suitable for any of tlic preceding traps, 5/- each Spears, Grains, &c. 472 Fhikiug Forks, plain, and Poles, 5/- 473 Ditto, with poles and sockets to unscrew, 6/6 474 Fluking Pick, with 7 and 8 spikes, screwed socket, and 8 ft. pole, 13/- to 20/- 475 Eel spears, without poles, four pi-ongs, 5/- 476 Ditto, live prongs, 6/- 477 Ditto, six prongs, 7/- 477a Ditto, seven prongs, 8/- 478 Shifting Grains or Spears, 3 in,, 4/- ; 4 m., 4/6 ; 5 in., 5/-; 6 in., 5/6; 7 in., 6/- 479 Harpoons, plain, 3/6 to 5/- 480 Ditto, winged, 5/- to 7/- 48()a Otter Spears, 1/6 each 4806 Ditto, witl\ scre\ved socket and pole, 6/6 480c Otter Leaping Poles, with iron socket and screwed ends, 6/6 89 MISCELLANEOUS. 481 Tell-Tales, or Spreaders of Cane, for Whiffing or Drift Lines, with clamp to fix on gunwale of boat, 1/6 482 Brass Disgorgers for large fish, 1/- 483 ^o;-; Fij^hing Baskets (as described by Wilcocks), 5'- 484 Ditto, with cover, 6/- (tor finer BasJcets, see River Taclde.) 85 Sportsman's Balances, brass — To weigh 1 lb. per \ oz., 6/- 2 lbs. „ loz., 6/- „ 7 Tos. „ I lb., 4/- 12fts. „ i lb., 4/6 20 lbs. „ in^., 6/- 401tjs. „ ^Ib., 8/- 60fts. „ iib., 10/- 486 Ditto, with German silver plate indicator — To weigh 5 ibs. per i rb., 7/6 10 lbs. „ i lb., 8/- 20 lbs. „ ilb.. 8/- 30 lbs. „ itb., 9/- 487 Twisling Machines, 3 hooks, 9 - 488 Ditto, improved, with table c .mp, 12/- 489 Ditlo, 4 hooks, 13/- 490 Wax, in boxes, 2d. 491 Varnish, in bottles, 1/- to 4/- 492 Neltiug Needles, steel, 6d. to 8d. 493 Ditto, wood, tongued, 1/- 494 Nettmg Meshes,^3d. to 4d. 495 Wilcocks's " Sea Fisherman," 12/6, by post, 7d. extra 40 EIVER TACKLE. HODS. {For Youths' Ash Rods, s:e ixcge 23.) 496 Fly Rods, 3-joint, plain, 2/- 497 Ditto, ringed, 3/6 498 Ditto, ringed and wincli-fitted, 5/6 449 Ditto, ringed, brazed and wincla-fitted, 8/6 600 Spears, with sockets, 2/- extra 504 FJy Rods, 4- joints, ringed, brazed and winch-fittings, in bags, 10/6 605 Ditto, v/ith socket and spears, 12/6 to 16/- 605a Ditto, betler quality, 10 and 11 feet, 21/- 506 Ditto, 12 fecL, 22/- 606a 13 feet, 25/- 506y 14 feet, 28/. 507 Ditto, screw ferrules, 26/- to 30'- 508 Ditto, brazed tongues, 26/- to 30/- 609 Best 4-joint Rods, hollow butt and spare top, 26/- to 35/- 610 Ditto, v/ith screw ferrules, 30/- to 35/- 511 Very superior Rods, with extra finish, brazed tongues, 30/- to 42/- 612 Fly Rods, 5-joint, from 21/- to 45/- 513 Spare Tops, lancewood, 1/- to 2/6 514 Ditto, best bamboo, 3/6 to 5/- 516 Cophiim's Fly Rod, 4-joint, 30/- 515a Ditto, hollow butt and spare top, 40/- 516 Copbiu\i's Split Cane Kods, from 4 guineas 617 Grecuheart or Washaba Rods, 4-joint, solid butt, 24/- 517a Ditto, hollow butt and spare top, 30/- 517i Ditto, brazed tongues, 35/- to 40/- {Sce also Sea Taclde.) 41 BEST BAMBOO RODS. 518 3 joints, laucewood top, 4 - 519 4 ditto, 6 - 520 3 ditto, ringed, brazed, spliced top, 7 - 521 4 ditto, ditto, 8/6 522 5 ditto, ditto, 10/- 523 6 ditto, ditto, 12/- SUPERIOR BAMBOO, WINCH-FITTED. 524 4 joints, superior bamboo, with spliced top, ringed and brazed, 12/- 525 5 ditto, 14- 526 6 ditto, 16- BAMBOO TROLLING RODS. 527 3-joint, brazed and ringed, 9/- and 10/- 528 Ditto, 4-joint, ditto, 11/- and 12/- 529 Ditto, 5-joint, ditto, 13/- and 14/- {The above Winch-Jittcd 2/- each extra.) WALKING-STICK RODS. 530 3-joint, ringed, lancewood top and screw ferrule end, 7/- 530a 4-joint, ditto, 12,- 530& Ditto, ash butt, 18/- SALMON RODS. 531 4-joint, 2 tops, 16 feet, 40/- and 50/- 532 Ditto, ditto, 18 feet, 45/- and 60 - 633 Ditto, 3 tops, 60/- 634 5-joint, 2 tops, 66/ 535 5-joint, 3 tops, 70/- and 80/- GENERAL RODS. 536 4-joint, 3 tops, 30/- 537 4-joint, 4 tops, 33/- 538 5-joint, 3 tops, 34/- 539 Ditto, 4 tops, 36/- 540 Ditto, 5 tops, 40/- 541 6-joint, 5 tops, 45/- 42 BAMBOO GENERAL RODS. 542 6 joints, 2 tops. 18 feet, with baj^, brazed for winch, 29/- 543 6 ditto, 3 tops, spear and hag, brazed for winch, 32/- {See also Sea Rods, paf/e 25.) 544 Rod Bags, 1/- to 3; 6 545 Rod Spe;u-s, 6d. to 1 '6 RODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. Repairs promptly and propeiiy erecuted. FLY LINES, TRACES, &;c. 545a Patent Trout Line. Id. per j^ard 546 Ditto, Silk and Hair, 2d. and 3d. per yard, in lengths from 10 to 50 j'^ards 547 Patent Salmon and Grilse, 50 to 100 yards, ditto, 3d. to 4d. 548 Platted Silk and Hair, 4d. per yard 549 Silk Line, lid. and 2d. per yard 550 Platted ditto, 2d. and 2Jd. per yard 551 Prepared Waterproof ditto, 2d.,'' 2id., and 2H. per yard 552 Hair Line, Id. to 3d. per yard. See page 11 553 Flax Lines. St^c par/e 10 554 Fine Gut Casting Lines. Trout, 3d. per yard 554a Finer ditto, 4d. per yard 555 Ditto, finest drawn gut, 6d. per yard 556 Ditto, Salmon, (Wl. per yard 557 Ditto, stouter, 9d. 55S Ditto. Marana, 1/- 559 Twisted Gut. &e.e parje 11 560 Platted Gut Casting Lines. Seepage 11 561 Ditto spinning Trace, with swivel, 2/6 to 3/6 562 Fine Fly Gut, 5/- per hank 563 Trout and Salmon Gut. See pages 11-12 564 Gimp. See page 11 FLIES, BAITS, &c. 565 Gut Hooks, 6d. and 1 - per dozen 566 Stewart's Worm Tackle, 2/- per dozen 567 Trout Flics in endless variety, 1/6 per dozen 43 568 Soltau's 18 Sorts, as recommended in his work on Trout Fishing, 1/6 per dozen N.B — These Flies are all accurately made from Mr. Soltau's original patterns. 569 Artificial Peel Flies, 2/- and 3 - per dozen 570 Ditto, Salmon, 6d., 9d., 1/- to 7/- each 570a Mahseer Flies-, for Indian fishing, 1/- each Blies of aU Tcinds made to pattern. 571 Artificial Bluebottles, Grasshoppers, Caterpillars, Fern- webs, Beetles, Sjndcrs, Bees, Moths, &c., 5d. to 6d. each ; Worms, 4d. each 672 Ditto Shrimps and Prawns, 9d. 573 Ditto Frogs, 2/- 674 Ditto Mice, 2/6 675 Spoon Baits. See page 31 576 Heardee's Prize Piano-convex Minnow for Trout, Salmon, Pike, Mahseer, Bass, Perch, Dace, &"c. This extraordinary spinning bait has completely eclipsed all others for River and Lake Fishing. It spins on a central stem without fuming the hooks, which consequently always strike the fish in the di»-sction of the point. It is the only bait that -will kill iii clear, still water and bright sunshine. Prize mf^dnl^. have been awarded to it from English and Continental Exhibitions. None are genuine but those stamped Hearder, Plymouth. hll No. 1, for Trout, Perch, Dace, &c., 1/- each, or by post, in a box, 1/2 578 No. 2, for Salmon-Peel, Trout, Perch, Dace, &c., 1/3, or by post, 1/6 579 No. 3, for Salmon, 1 G, or by post, 1/9 580 No. 4, for Salmon, Pike, &c., 2/-, by post, 2/3 581 No. 5, ditto, 2 3, by post, 2,8 582 No. 6, ditto, 3/-, by post, 3 '6 583 No. 7, Gudgeon size, 3 6, by post, 4.1- 584 Hearder's Original Devon Minnow (sometimes known as the Angel Minnow), 2,6 to 3/6 585 Artificial Minnows of every description, 16 to 3/6 44 58oa Phantom Minnows, No. 2, 2/6 ; No. 3, 2/6 ; No. 4, 2/6; No. 5, 3 - ; No. 6, 3/G ; No. 7, 4/- ; No. 8, 4 '6 586 Gudgeons, 4/- to 6/- MISCELIiAWEOUS. 587 Fly Books and Cases, 1/- to 7/- 587rt Ditto, Pigskin, with leather pockets, 7/- 8/- 10/- 588 Superior ditto, Kussia leather, 6/- to 12/- 589 Ditto, extra size, very complete for general purposes, 10/- to 20/- 590 Fishing Baskets, best French make, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6, 6/6, 7/6, straps, 1'6 690a Webbing Straps, 2/6 591 Baskets, English, 2/6 and 3/6 592 "Waterproof Fishing or Game Bags, 7/-, 9/- to 11/- 593 Best Box Swivels, with or without hooks, 1/6 per dozen (steel) 694 Larger ditto, 2/- and 8/- 695 Buckle and Spring Swivels, 2/- per dozen 598 Dead Bait Boxes, 2/6 to 5/- 596a Spinning Tackle ditto, 5/6 to 7/- 596/^ Japanned Bait Boxes, 6d. to 2/6 696c Zinc Bait Kettles, 7-inch, 4/6 ; 8-inch, 5/6 ; 10-inch, 7/- 697 ICirby and Limerick Hooks, 1/- per 100 598 Kendall, Sneckbend, &c., 2/- per 100 699 Superfine Limerick Hooks, from 2/- per 100 ; for the extra large size, see page 22 600 Double or Treble Hooks, 1/6 to 5/- per dozen 601 Gaff Hooks, 2/-, 2/6 602 Ditto, with clearing Knives, 3/- to 4/- 603 Clearing Knife Hook, to be used on the point of a rod, 2'6 604 Folding Hook and Knife, 4/6 605 Gatr Iliindlcs, 2/6 606 Banibni), hollow, ditto, to contain tops, 2/6 to 3/6 607 Telescope Handles, 6/- to 15 - 608 Landing Nets, from 1/- 609 Plain Bings, 9d. and 1/- 610 Jointed ditto, 3/- to 5/- 6'ce page 32 610a Sport Nets, 16'- to 20/- 45 611 Pocket Spring Balance, 5/- to 10 '- See page 39 612 Baiting Needles, 2d. and 3d. each 613 Spring Swivels, 2/- per dozen 614 Disgorgers, 2d. and 3d. each 615 Brass Clearing Kings, 2 - each 616 Kod Rings, 2d. per dozen 616a Ditto, German Silver, 3d. per dozen 617 Wire Upright Eings, 1/- to 4/- per dozen 618 Solid ditto, 4d. to 6d. each 619 Large Wire Top-end Eings, 9d. per dozen 620 Solid ditto, 4d. each 621 Split Steel Eings, 3d. to 6d. per dozen 622 Iron Spikes, for butt-end to drive, 6d. 623 Ditto, to screw, 9d. 624 Ditto, bright, 1 '-, 1/6 625 Butt-end Ferrules, with screw button, 1/- and 1 '6 each 626 Fishing Eod Ferrules, from 3d. 627 Split Shot, 1^- per box, or in bulk, 1/4 per ft. 628 Pipe Leads, 6d. to 2;- per dozen 628a Bank Runners, 1/- 629 Trimmers, Id. to 4d. 630 Spring Snap Hooks, 16 to 2/- 631 Pike Tackle, Pike Spinning Tackle, with trace, 1/4 ; Francis's Pike Tackle, 1/- ; Live Bait Tackle, with trace, 1/4 ; ditto, witliout trace, 8d. ; Gimp Traces for Pike Tackle, 1/3 each. Wood's Spinning Tackle, with trace, 2/6 632 Trout Spinning Tackle, 1/6 632rt Pike Tell Tale Cork Trimmers, 5-inch, 2'6 633 Scissors, 3/- and 3^6 per pair 634 Fly Pliers, 3'- 635 Shot Pliers, 3/6 636 Tweezers, 2 - 637 Fishing Stockings, from 21/- per pair 46 AUCHERY. Hearder and Sok, in submitting tlie following price-list of their Archery, gnarantee every article to be equal in quality to the productions of any maker in the United King- dom, whUst their prices will be found considerably lower. GENTLEMEN'S ARCHERY. 639 Self Bows, 10/- to 15/- 640 Two and three-piece ditto, 21/- to 30/- 641 Self Yew ditto, 40/- to 105/- 642 Backed Yew ditto, 45/- to 105/- 643 Best Flemish Bow Strmgs, Is. 3d., whipped Is. 6d. 644 Self Arrows, per dozen, 8s. to 16s. 645 Footed ditto, 18s. to 248. 646 Quivers, 5s. Gd. to 6s. Gd. 647 Belts, Pouch, and Quiver, from 4s. 648 Arm Guards, 2s. to 10s. 6d. 649 Gloves, Is. 9d. 650 Elastic Finger Tips, 2s. 6d. 651 Screw ditto, 3s. LADIES' ARCHERY. 652 Self Bows, 5s. to 12s. 653 Two and three-piece ditto, 18s. to 25s. 654 Self Yew, 21s. to 40s. 655 Backed Yew ditto, 21s. to 40s. 656 Best Flemish Bow Strings, Is., vvhipped, Is 3d 657 Self Arrows, per dozen, 6s. to 133. 65S Footed ditto, 15s. to 21s. 659 Quivers, 4s., 5s., 6s. 6G0 Belts, Pouch, and Quiver, 4s. to 6s. 661 Arm Guards, 2s. to 10s. Gd. 662 Gloves, Is. yd. to Is. 9d. 47 663 Elastic Finger Tips, 2s. GJ. 664 Screw ditto, 3s. 665 Targets, 4s. to ICs. each 666 Target Stauds, 2s. per foot 667 Grease Clips, Is. 6d. 668 Tassels, Is. 669 Scoring Tablet and Marker, 2s. 6d. 670 Ivory ditto, 3s. 6d. 671 Heardek's Scoring Cards and Targets, per dozen, Is. to 2s. Bows and Arroios repaired at the sliortest notice. Cross-bows, Youth's Bows, Arrows, and Targets. Bows made to order or regulated to strength. AKCHEEY CLUBS SUPPLIED. CllOQUET. . 672 Jacques's Croquet of every quality and at liis list prices 673 Croquet Sets repaired, repainted, and deficiencies sup- plied 674 Croquet Stands, mahogany, 21s. CKICKETING. 675 Men's Bats, 5s. to 7s. 676 Excellent Practice Bats, 6s. to 8s. 677 Best Match Bats, 7s. 6d. to 9s. 678 Polished ditto, 8s. to lis. 679 Ditto, ^Yillow dove-tailed handle, 9s. to lis. 680 Ditto, Cane, with Ash cheeks, ICs. ■ 681 Best Solid Cane, by ditrerent makers, ISs. to 21s. 682 Ditto, "Whalebone, "215. 48 Bats re-hfindled, warranted Ash, 3s. 6d. ; Cane, with Ash cheeks, 6s. ; solid Cane, 7s. to 10s. Youths' Bats, from lOd. Ditto, polished, 3s. to 6s. Ditto, Cane handle, 13s. 6d. to 16s. Men's Wickets, Ash, 5s. to 6s. 6d. Ditto, brass bound, 7s. 6d. Ditto, best Lancewood, plain, 8s. to 10s. Ditto, very superior, with brass ferrules, lis. Ditto, Greenheart, 7s. and 8s. Ditto, brass bound, 9s. to lis. Iron Shoes to Cricket Stumps, Bs. extra Youths' Wickets, Is. 4d. to Is. 6d. Best Treble-scam Match Balls, 7s. each, or 72s. per per dozen Double-scam ditto, 6s. each or 66s. per dozen Ordinary Practice Balls, 5s. Y'ouths' Cricket Balls, good quality, Is. to 4s. Common ditto, from 2d. to Is. Men's Les-J?uards, stuffcl, Os. Superior ditto, Cork or Cane, 10s. to 12s. Battincj Gloves, per pair, 7s. to 9s. Wicket-kocping Gauntlets, per pair, 10s. Lonjt-stop Gloves, 8s. Cricket spikes, screwed, each, 3d. to 7d. Ditto, with plates, 3d. Lillywhite's Scoring Books, 12 matches, 5s. ; 24 ditto, 8s. ; 48 ditto, 14s. ; Guide, Is, Hearder's Scoring Sheets, per dozen, 2s. 6d. Laws of Cricket, each, 6d. Long-stop N(>ts, with plain poles, 20s. 30s. Ditto, with jointed poles for packing, 35s. to 40s. Cricket Chests to order Cricket Bags, from 15s. CUICKET CLUBS SUPPLIED CN THE BEST TERMS. ■49 EACKETS, FIVES, ETC. 714 Best Rackets, 12s. 6d. 715 Second quality ditto, 10s. 716 Youths' ditto, from 8s. to 10s. 717 Rackets, re-strung, &c. 718 JeflFeries' best Racket Balls, 2s. per dozen, or 21s. per gross (cash) 719 Jefferies' Best Racket Shoes, 14s. per pair 720 Hand and Fives Balls, per dozen, 4s. to 6s. 721 Tennis Balls, per dozen, Is. to 6s. 722 Fives Bats, 2s. 6d. to 4s. each 723 Hockey Sticks, 3s. to 10s, per dozen PEWCING AND SINGLE-STICK REQUISITES. 724 Fencing Foils, per pair, from 6s. to 14s. 725 Ditto Masks. 10s. to 14s. per pair 726 Ditto Gauntlets, 10s. per pair 727 Single-sticks, 5d. each, or 4s. per dozen 728 Baskets for ditto, 8s. per dozen 729 Single-stick Helmets, cane, per pair, 15s. 730 Ditto, ditto, T-ire, -SOs. 731 Ditto, ditto, superior. Government pattern, 60s. ATHLETICS. 732 Foot Balls, common, 4s. to 6s. 733 Ditto, best hide, with strong vulcanized Indiarubber bladders, 10s.. 13s., 16s., 18s. 734 Rugby Balls, 16s. to 20s. 735 Indiarubber Bladders for Foot Balls 736 Indiarubber Balls, solid or hollow, in great variety 737 Quoits, Steel, black 50 Ditto, polished Life Preservers Boxing Gloves, per set, 10s. 6d. to 15s. Swimming Belts Swimming Corks, 2s. Skates, per pair, 6s. to 25s. Chest Expanders, from 2s. Dumb -hells, plain, 4d. per Ih. Ditto, Leather handles, 6d. per fb. INDIAlSr CLUBS. 4 to SOlhs. per pair, at Is. 4d. per Hi. Gymnasiu:ws fitted with every appliance. WALKING STICKS. Malacca, Rattan, and other Canes, plain or elaborately mounted in silver or ivory Pimento, Orange, Palm, Olive, Myrtle, Russian Thorn, and every variety of Walking Stick Ivoi-y and Silver IMounts Walking Sticks trimmed and mounted to order Sword and Dirk Sticks Life Preservers, &c. Walking-slick Chairs, 8s. to 12s. Camp and Garden Stools, 2s. 6d. to 4s. Ferrules of all kinds CKUTGHES. 757 Crutch, plain, 5s. to 7s. cnxch 758 Ditto, with springs, ICs. 759 Ditto, plain double Crutch, with cross handle, 7s. to 10s. 7G0 Improved spring Crutch, with oval cross handle, 253. Crutches made to order. MISCELLANEOUS. 761 Chessmen, c^-c. 762 liilliard and Bagatelle Balls 763 Metal, Wood, and Ivory Turning 51 764 Ivory and Hard Woods 765 "Writing Frames for the Blind General Repairs of Fancy Goods. ENGINEERING ARTICLES. 766 Glass "Water Gauge Tubes, all sizes 767 Indiarubber Gauge Rings 768 Engine Packing Kubber and Canvas in sheets 769 Ditto Rubber and Canvas Rope Packing 770 "Vulcanized Rubber for Hot Water Valves 771 Ditto Valves of any shape to order 772 Ditto Indiarubber Sheet of any thickness 773 Ditto Flange and Socket Washers 774 Hose-pipe of Rubber and Canvas, to stand heavj pressure 775 Solid Indiarubber Flexible Gas Tubing, with or withoul internal spring CAT-GUT FOR LATHES AND OTHER MACHINES. 776 Small Cat-Gut for Clocks, &c. 777 Ditto for small Lathes 778 Ditto for larger Lathes, Printing and other Machines. Steam Engines, &c., \ inch to | diameter 779 Hooks and Eyes for Cat-Gut, 1-lGth to i inch Turning Lathes, Slide Bests, Cliuchs, Manhattan Twist Drills, and all Turning appliances to order. 52 UMBKELLAS, PAKASOLS, Ac. HEARDER & SON'S UilBRELLA AND PARASOL MANUFACTORY. Established 1770. Ieaedee and Son trust tliat the reputation which their Manufactory has enjoyed for more than a century is a ufficient guarantee for the genuine quality of their goods. '80 Gingham Umbrellas '81 Superior Steel frame ditto 82 Ditto, best Whalebone '83 Ditto, Chaise ditto '84 Alpaca Umbrellas '85 Ditto, best Whalebone '86 Zanella Umbrellas '87 Ditto, best Whalebone '88 Silk Umbrellas, Steel, with the new patent lock rib, which prevents the frame from getting twisted in opening '89 Ditto, Whalebone, 12s. to 30s. '90 White Cotton Umbrellas, for hot climates '91 Parasols, Sunshades, ttc, from 2s. Umbrellas, Parafiols, San^iliadci^, d:c., Covered, Lined, Repaired, or Made lo Order at the shortest notice. UMBRELLA AND PARASOL MOUNTINGS. ^ .great variety of Silks, Lavantines, Alpacas, Lustres, ZaneUas, Ginghams, &c. 53 OIL SILK. 792 Oil Silk Sponge and Brush Bags 793 Ditto Bathing Caps I 794 Ditto Bonnet Caps c 795 Black Japanned Cambric f 796 Black Oil Silk r 797 Waterpoof Wrapper Cloth r 798 Ditto Bed Sheeting LidiarvMer Waterproof Cloth of various hinds. MAGIC AND DISSOLVING VIEW LANTERNS, WITH GAS, OIL, OE LIME -LIGHT, IN GREAT VARIETY. Slides, embracing Home and Foreign Scenery, Statuary Scripture, Astronomical and Historical ; Chromatropes Nursery Tales, and Humorous Subjects, in great variety, ot Sale or Hire. '' EVENING PARTIES ATTENDED. r e For particulars, enquire for Hkarder's Magic Lanten List. e ELECTRICAI. CHEMICAL, AND' MAGNETIC APPAEATUS. .. 5 Improved Electrical Cylinder Machines, 4 to 12 iuche>f diameter , £3 to £20. i- Plate Machines, of all sizes, from £3 3s. ;o 54 Vulcanite Plate Machines for Torpedo Blasting or Artillery operations. Brass Balls. Glass Tubes or Rods. Retorts for generating gas. Gas Holders. Chemical Chests. Electro-lMagnctic Apparatus of all kinds. Copper "Wire, covered with silk or cotton. Artificial Magnets of any size. Magnetic Apparatus to order. Sheet Zinc. Tin Foil. Magnesium Ribbon. Platina Wire and Foil. Platinized Silver. Fusible Metal. Porous Diaphragms of all kinds. Improved Galvanic Batteries and Apparatus for Exhibiting • the Electric Light upon any scale. rHEARDER's Prize Induction Coils, to give sparks from one- eighth of an inch to five inches, £5 to £30, useful for 5( blasting purposes, torpedo firing, &c. ^llmproved Portable Single-fluid Blasting Batteries, for ^^ artillery or torpedo firing, with wind-up arrangement to y^ lift the plates out of the acid, £5 to ,t'20. These batteries ^^- wiU bla.st by ignited wire or by detonating. ^•Churches and other Buildings, Yachts, Ships, &c., fitted ^( with Lightning Conductors on improved scientific prin- 5' ciples. N.B. — J. N. Hearder was intimately associated with the late Sir William Snow Harris in the introduction of the 34 present form of Lightning Conductors used m H.M. Navy. di J. N. Hearder, T>. Sc, Ph. D., F.C.S., may be consulted [):on all subjects relating to the practical application of Science to the Arts and Manufactures. 55 HEARDER'S PRIZE MEDICAL GALVANIC MACHINE. This will be found the most compn.ct, portable, and efficacious machine yet invented. The little mahoprany box (about six inches cube) contains a Galvanic Machine of 20 degrees of power, battery, bottle of dilute acid (ready for use), conducting wires, and insulated directors, adapted for aU purposes. Price £3 os. The same Machine, of 24-power, £B 15s.; 32-power, £4 10s. Descriptive Pamphlet, loith le.ftimonials, hy post. WARMING AND YFNTILATION. J. K". HEARDER & SON WARMING AND VENTILATING ENGINEERS. Buildings, Greenhouses, Baths, etc., heated by stoves, gas, or hot-water circulation. Improved Ventilating Slow-combustion Stoves, suitable for eveiy conceivable situation. Undergv -und Flues for these Stoves guaranteed to answer, whatevcL- their length. Hearder's New Semi-Arnott Stove, s lOwing an open fire by day, and acting as an Arnott Stove by night. Superior Gas Stoves, for warming or cooking. Hearder's Gas Hot- water Circulating Stove, for green- houses, forcing-beds, &c., is the perfection of greenhouse Avarming. Improved Kitchen Ranges, unequalled for economy. The following are some of their advantages : — A 2 ft. 6 in. Stove will cook for six to ten persons at about 2d. per day ; and larger Stoves in proportion. They burn all kinds of fuel and ashes over and over again. The flues are all com- plete in the Stove ; so there are none for the mason to 56 make, and very little masonry is required in fixing, and the flues will go two to six months without cleaning, whilst other stoves must he cleaned at least twice a week. At the Bath and West of England Exhibition, held at Plymouth in 1873, one of these stoves stood on a wheelbarrow in the open air, furnished with about six feet of funnel, and was wheeled about whilst the operations of baking and boiling were being carried on, even though rain fell copiously upon the stove frequently during the time. Hence these stoves may be fixed in any convenient part of the kitchen, and have their flues conducted into the chimney. Illustrated Steve Prospectuses, xoitli Testimonials., by post. smiths' work in general ; GAS-PITTING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES ; BELL-HANGING, ETC. 57 HEARDER & SON'S GUIDE TO SEA-FISHING AND XLE RIVERS OF SOUTH DFVOX. TAllT FIRST. THE RIVERS. J. N. Hearder and Son have been induced to publish the following brief particulars relative to the Elvers in the neighbourhood of Plymouth from then- being almost daily required to give verbal inBtructions to gentlemen, strangers to Plymouth, who are desirous of following their favourite recreation of fishing. The information herein contained, is not only derived, in most cases, from their own personal experience, but also from that of some of the best fishermen in the neighbourhood, who have very kindly, at their request, communicated to them the result of their observations. Hearder's Fisherman's Map of the Rivers and Coast of South Devon, embracing the district from Exmouth to Looe and Oakhampton to the Eddystone. Price Is. ; or 2s. Cd., mounted and bound for the pocket ; forms a most useful Companion to their Price List and Treatise on Sea and River Fishing. It contains all the E 58 Fishing Stations nlluded to in their description of the South Devon Rivers, and the various Marks for the hest fisliing spots about the Coast and Harbour. The Elvers in the immediate vicinity of Plymouth are small, rocky, and rapid ; abounding in stickles and pools. The Tamar, Tavy, and Dart are the three largest ; these in some places are broad and deep, and -would afford in the season good Salmon fishing. The Trout in these streams are small, but very abundant and sweet-flavoured : a half-pound fish is considered a fine one, though fish of a much larger size — even as much as three or four pounds — are occasionally taken. A good sportsman v\-ill catch from four to eight dozen per day. Truff, or Sea-trout, are sometimes met with three or four pounds in weight, which afford good sport ; and in May, August, and September there is an abundance of Peel. On the Moors the fishing is generally open, but in the valleys frequently woody. The scenery is exquisitely varied and picturesque. A 10 or 12 ft. light rod, with about twenty or thirty yards of line, will be best adapted for general purposes. The best time for fishing is from ten till four, up to June : but after that month the fishing in the middle of the day is frequently not so good, but is better earlier and later. Towards the latter end of the season par- ticularly, the white moth is a killing fly for peel if used late in the evening. A few days' rain will flood the rivers ; and the first or second day after a flood, if the weather be fine, is the best time, as they quickly run fine again. The flies should be small, and dressed on 10, 1], or 12 Kirby or Limerick hook. The fishing must be very fine and careful : the banks being high, it is always better to fish up the stream. Two Flies only should be used, and the most useful are a Blue Stream and a lied Bob. Many sportsmen never use any others ; but each has his taste. In Mr. Soltau's work on the Trout Fishing of Devon and Cornwall will be found 59 the eighteen sorts which he selected as hest suited to the Rivers of Devon, and the numbers alluded to in the following remarks have reference to Mr. Soltau's Flies. As a general rule, however, it may be observed that Red and Blue Hackles, with or without Gold or Silver Twist, will kill throughout the year. The March Brown is also a u?eful Fly, not only in windy weather on the moors, but in bright, hot weather in the valleys. The Black Palmer and Gnat will generally kill in the valleys ; and the Partridge, Badger, Grouse, and Drake Flies are use- ful on the moors. In addition to the Fly fishing, abundance of good sport may be had with the Minnow ; but as this effica- cious little bait is only found in two or three of our rivers, the angler isrednced to the necessity of substi- tutinsr an artificial one for the real one. With Hearder's Plano-convex Minnow, however, the angler is rendered almost independent of the live bait, since the testimony of hundreds of the best fishermen of the day goes to show that it far excels any they have ever before met with. It is equally efficacious for Trout, Peel, Salmon, Perch, Dace, and Pike. The condition of the river does not appear to interfere with its success ; for whether the stream be full, or fine and clear as crystal, its attraction appear irresistible. It even takes Trout most readily in a clear pond or reservoir in bright sunshine. (See pagelo.) On the Irish waters it is ex- tolled far beyond all other baits. In India it takes the Mahseer, and on the sea coasts Bass and almost every kind of fish. Some portions of our streams are so wooded as to leave the angler the only alternative of dapping, and here, if he do not object to this kind of sport, and will use Hearder's artificial Blowing-flies, Fern-webs, &c., he will certainly be rewarded with the finest fish in the 60 Peel do not visit all the rivers at the same season, but some in May, and others later. The Salmon Fishing, Buch as it is, begins, according to the New Salmon Fish- eries Act, on the 1st February, and terminates on the 1st November, with the rod and line ; but no netting is allowed between the 1st of September and the 1st of February, under heavy penalties. Previously to the carrying out of the provisions of the Salmon Fisheries Act by the various Boards of Conservators, no one ever calculated on meeting with Salmon fresh from the sea earlier than the end of July or beginning of August, from which time up to the middle or end of December the fish are in their prime, January being the chief spawning^ season ; hence the South Devon Elvers may be classed among the late ones. From February to June great numbers of unseason- able fish are to be met with during their return to the sea. Since the restrictive operations of the Salmon Fisheries Act, however, accidents have occurred which seem to show that if proper facilities were afforded for the passage of Salmon to the upper waters we should have visits from spring as well as autumn fish. From February to April, and sometimes May, the rivers contain an abundance of White Fish and Salmon fry ; but as these are all classed amongst the migratory fish, the taking of the young of which is prohibited by the new Salmon Fisheries Act, the sportsman should be careful to throw such fish in again immediately, as the possession of them incurs a very heavy penalty. They may be easily distinguished from the Trout, being much whiter. The use of Salmon roe for bait, or even the possession of it, is strictly prohibited. The following remarks will be necessarily brief, as they are not intended to teach sportsmen how to catch fisjt, but how to have the opportunity of doing so. Undo/ tlic provi- ix-iis of the Salmon Fisheries Act,, the livers in South Devon (with few exceptions) arc now 61 under tlie surveillance of Boards of Conservators, who, in conjunction with the various landowners, exercise extreme vigilance in the protection of the Salmon and the prevention of poaching. The Tamar and Plym Board of Conservators embrace in their district the fol- lowing rivers, namely : The Yealm, Plym with its tributaries Meavy and Cadover, Walkham, Tavy, Tamar, Lvd, Inney, and Nottar, or Lynher. The Avon and iSrme are protected through certain portions of their length by the Avon Fishery Board, and the Dart by the Dart Conservancy Board. Salmon licenses, season and day tickets, for all of these rivers, or in exceptional cases for single rivers, may be obtained, together with full particulars, at Hearder and Son's, 195, Union Street, Plymouth, the agents. THE PLYM. The Plym is the river nearest to Plymouth ; it rises on Dartmoor under the name of Meavy, which name it retains as far as Shaugh Bridge, where, being join* d by the Cadover, a stream which also rises on Dartmoor, it takes the name of Plym, and flows down by Saltram into Catwater. The course of the Meavy is on the average from north-east to south-west ; and that of the Cadover, nearly from east to west. A portion of the Meavy is the property of Sir Trayton Drake ; but the remaining portions, together with the Cadover and Plym, as far as Cann Quarry, belong mainly to Sir Massey Lopes, Bart., of Maristow. Both these gentle- men have delegated power to the Tamar and Plj'm Fishery Board of Conservators to grant fishing tickets in accordance with their regulations. From Cann Quarry to the mouth of the Plym, a dis ance of about three miles, the river belongs to the Ki-ht Hon. the Earl of Morley. The fishing is leased to Soltau Symons, Esq., of Chaddlewood, Tvho, with ex- treme liberality, grants a season ticket to any gentleman (holding a license) appl^dng to him for it. These rivers are rather woody, except on the moor. The Plymouth Leat is taken out of the Meavy, a mile or two above Mcavy Town ; above this, therefore, the river is larger, and tishing is better. The river may be approached first at Long Bridge, close to the Marsh Mills Station on the Tavistock Railway, about three miles from Plymouth, from whence it may be fished to either of its sources ; or it may be also approached from the Tavistock Road, b}^ taking any of the turnings •which lead to Bickleigh, Shaugb, or Mcavy; or from the Bickleigh Station on the Tavistock Lines which is very near to Bickleigh Bridge. The Marsh Mills Sta- tion, on the same line, sets the fisherman down at the month of the river. • Shaugh Bridge, at the junction of the Meavy and Cad over, is about two mihs from the Bickleigh Station and this is the best spot at v/hich to commence fishing, as the portion of the river from Shaugh down to Bick- leigh is strictly preserved as spawning ground. The Meavy road (see map) turns off from Roborough Down a short distance beyond Roborough Rock ; but the Hor- rabridge Station now affords the easiest mode of access to the pedestrian, as it enables him to reach the Ply- mouth Leat Weir with little trouble, above v^hich the river is considerably large and the fishing much better. Starting from the Statio]), let him proceed at once to Dousland Barn or Manor Inn, where he will be well cared for should ho make it a resting-place. Here, leaving the main road, let him take the path leading from the back of the Inn until he jt)ins the Dartmoor Railway, proceeding along wliicb, he will soon come in sight of the river, and will drop in upon a road which will con- duct him to Shecpstor Bridge. He may, if he likes, commence fishing here, as the Weir is a mile or so 63 farther up, but there is some very good fishing at this spot. Should he, on the other hand, prefer fishing down the stream, he will find it a good day's work to follow it down to Shaugh Bridge, where he can knock off and return to the Bickleigh Station. The best winds are from south to west ; if east or north, expect no sport. After a fiood, the Cadover is beer-colour, and fish generally sport well, taking the Red with Gold Twist, Blue and Brov,'u Flies ; or Nos» 1, 6, 6, 7, 8, and 10 of Soltau's. In the autumn there is some capital Peel and Salmon fishing in the lower water from Long Bridge to Cann Quarry. THE YEALM. The Yealm is the next river on the eastern road, run- ning from north to south, and averaging about seven miles from Plymouth. It crosses the two main eastern roads at Yealmpton and Lee-Mill Bridge ; from the latter, which is highest up the stream, to the mouth of the river, the fishing is preserved by the proprietor, Baldwin W. J. P. Bastard, Esq., of Kitley ; and above Lee-Mill it belongs to Captain Pode, of Slade Hall, and other gentlemen, who offer no impediment to the fair sportsman. The stream formerly contained some fine Trout, and below the impassable Weir at Yealmpton there used to be some good Peel fishing, but of late years the refuse from the Paper Mills at Lee Mill has swept the river almost clear of fish, even eels can scarcely exist there. Above Lee Mill, however, there are still some good fish. Beiiig rather woody, the river is well adapted for dapping or worm fisjiing, though towards the moor it is rather open, and better for fly fishing. The Yealmpton Inn, at Yealmpton, seven miles from Plymouth, is about a quarter of a mile from the river. 64 and affords every desirable accommodation. Good stab- ling is alwaj^s procured at Lee-Mill Bridge ; and the Cornwood Station of the South Devon Railway is about a quarter of an hour's walk from the river. THE TAVY. This river is under the conservation of the Tavy Fishing Association, who co-operate with the conserva- tors of the Tamar and Plym district, so as to render the tickets of the two conservancy boards available to the holders of either. The river is situated about 14 miles from Plymouth, on the north road, flowing south-west into the Hamoaze. The Trout fishing above Denham Bridge is considered superior to that below it; but the Peel, Truff, and Salmon fishing below amply compensate for the want of Trout. The Peel fishing begins about the latter end of May, or the early part of June, and may be continued until the hitUw end of October ; and the Salmon-trout and Salmon begin to take the fly in July and August. Denham Bridge is about two and a half miles from the Horrabridgo Station, on the Tavistock r».ailway, and about a mile and a half from the rock on Roborough Down, near which point the road branches off from the Tavistock Road. The village of Buckland Monachorum lies near Denham Bridge, and affords tolerable accom- modation for man and horse. Just below Tavistocik a little insignificant stream, the Lumburne, flows into the Tavy. It is too small to be fished with a fly, but the natural or artificial Blowing- fiy at the end of a dripping collar, or the worm, if the fisherman do not object to the use of it, will ensure Bome very fine fish from this unpretentious brook. 65 THE WALKHAM. The Walkham flows into the Tavy a short distance from Denham Bridge, and it is well stored with Trout, some of which run to '■), and even 7 Ihs. It abounds in deep pools and stickles, but being very woody, it is rather difficult to fish. Those, however, who are hardy enough to undertake the task, are well repaid for their trouble by the sport they get, if they do not basket every Trout they hook. As the banks are high, and the deep pools overliung, heavy fish are not so easily landed. Fishermen are therefore not unfrequently obliged to content themselves with the excitement of having play- ed with a fine Trout for a considerable time and lost him, with a hope, perhaps, of being more fortunate the next time they make his acquaintance. The Horrabridge Station is convenient for this river, and the fisherman has the choice of going up or down the stream. It is also included in the Tamar and Plym Fishery District. THE NOTTAR AND INNEY. On the west side of the Tamar are the Nottar and the Inney, both flowing into it, also included in the Tamar and Plym Fishery District. The Nottar takes its rise in Withalbrook Marsh, a little west of the high hills of Kilmar, Hawks Tor, &c., and makes a rapid descent from these moorlands opposite Trebartha Hall, where it is joined by another stream, and thence flows on through the parislies of Northill, Linkinghorne, St. Ives, Callington, Pillaton, and St. Stephens, and empties itself into that part of the Tamar known as St. Germans Lake, near the Barton of Erth. A few years since the lower part of this river afforded some sport, but now its waters are polluted by the streams running into it from the Eedmoor and other mines 66 near Callington, a little above the bridge on the turn- pike road leading from that to^\Ti to Liskeard ; this would be the point for a stranger to start from, and fish up the river. He will find it rather wooded for some distance, and must allow the beauty of the scenery to compensate for entanglements and the loss of a few flies. The Inney is rather small for fiy-fishiDg until it reaches Lewannick, and is here preserved by Edward Archer, Esq., of Trelaske, about as far as the bridge which crosses the turnpike road leading from Liskeard to Launccston, where it becomes a good Trout stream, running from thence into the Tamar at Carthamartha. The fair sportsman always meets with a favourable response for a week's fishing from its courteous pro- prietor. In order to fish either of these rivers, head-quarters had better be taken up at Gelding's Hotel, in Callington, and tbe Inncy can be commenced at the bridge crossing the turnpike road from Callington to Launceston, and fished up ; this bridge is about four miles from Calling- ton, and the Nottar about tv/o miles. The Trout is the only fish in either river, and after rain some fair- sized ones may bo taken with the Red Palmer and light blue with silver twist, black flies witli a little gold twist, dun Hies, and the large white moth in the evening twilight. On the Nottar, the liglit-Wue liackle and yellow silk body is occasionally a good fly. A southerly wind and a cloudy sky will be found a favourable con- dition of weather for these rivers, especially after a few liours' rain ; or, in fact, in rain, if it be v/arm. The N')ttar flows somewhat honi north-west to south- east ; the Inney froju west to east, but very winding in its course. The pedestrian may approach the Nottar just und^r Stoketon, which is about two miles from the Saltash Station. 67 THE ERME. The Erme is situated about eleven miles to the east of Plymouth ; the Totnes road crosses it at Ermington, about two miles from its mouth. About tv:o miles from Ermington is situated the picturescjue town of Ivj'Lridgc, on the Exeter road, well known to sportsmen for its excellent inn, from the window of which an expert hand would cast a Hj into the stream. The South Devon Eailway has a station about half a mile from the town, at which the fisherman may be set down as early as half-past seven in the morniug, with a long day before him. The best fishing, though the most difficult, on account of the wood, is from Ivybridge up to Harford Bridge, a distance of two and a half miles. From Harford Bridge to the source of the river the fishing is open ; and should the sportsman wish to proceed at once to this spot, he will find good stabling at a cottage near the Bridge. Should he wish to pass a few days on the banks of the river, he will find excellent accommodation at Broomhill, a farm in the occupation of Mr. Smith, situated close to the river, between Ivybridge and Harford, a mile and a half from the former, and half a mile from the latter. Here, if he be fond of hunting and shooting, he will find himself on the spot where Meets generally take place. The Trout in the stream are numerous, and in the pools and falls amongst the rocks at Ivybridge the writer has frequently taken some heavy fish. A few Salmon and Peel, in spite of the poaching and polluting refuse from the paper mills, occasionally find their way into the upper waters. The portion' of the Errne below Ivybridge is rather bare of Trout, but the upper portions are better worth fishiug, and have the advantage of being free to the fisherman. 68 THE AVON. The Avon, 18 miles east of Plymouth, is a good stream, well stored with Trout, and rather open ; it rises on Dartmoor, and flows southward by Brent, Newhouse, Loddiswell, and Aveton Gifford, at any of wliich places lodgings for man and beast are obtainable. The South Devon Kailway has a Station at Brent, a healthy, thriving village, which is fast becoming a favourite resort of those who love to enjoy fresh air and fishing. The river may likewise be approached from the Kingsbridge Eoad Station, which is about a mile distant from it on the South Devon line. Here, as well as at the Carew Arms, the sportsman will find excellent accommodation. The fishing on the river is free from the source to Beckham Bridge, about four miles below Newhouse ; but the remaining portion to the inouth of the river is at present, in some parts, under a double conservancy ; namely, the Avon Fishery Association, who grant season and day fishing tickets, and the Avon Fishery Board of Conservators, who grant salmon licenses. This river has for the last few years given marked evidences of what ought to be done by a stringent appli- cation of the Salmon Fisheries Act. Certain nefarious fishing practices having been abolished, fresh-run Sal- mon have occasionally made their appearance during the spring season, and there is every reason to believe that the Avon would, if properly protected from poach- ers, receive the visits of early as well as late fish. There is still, however, mnch poaching to be looked after, and very much more to be done towards the improvement of the condition of its weirs. 69 THE DART. The Dart rises on Dartmoor, and flows southward through Holne Chase and the town of Buckfastleigh to T'otnes, where it meets the tide, which flows up Irom Dartmouth through an estuary justly termed, from its picturesque beauty, the English llhine. This river is under the strict surveillance of a Board of Conservators, Anthony Pike, Esq., Berry, Totnes, being the secretary. These gentlemen have used strenuous endeavours to raise this river to the position which it gives evidences that it ought to liold, namely, that of being one of the best, if not the best, Salmon-stream in South Devon. The repeated accidents which some years since befel the v;eir at Totnes afforded opportunities for numbers of Salmon, ■which would have otherwise been interrupted, to find their way into the moorland tributaries of the stream, and large Salmon were taken as far up as Princctown and Twobridges. "Whatever be the conflicting opinions about the change of condition in rivers from bite to early seasons, it is very evident, that whereas the visits of spring Salmon to the Dart were like those of angels, few and far between, they are now making their appear- ance in large numbers as earl}' as March and ipril. Unfortunately, however, there is seldom water enough in the river to enable many fish to surmount the fish- pass at the iniquitous Totnes Weir, and we therefore hear of tons of Salmon being caught below it in the nets. The autumn fish continue running up, when they have a chance, as late as November and December; but the mining waters keep them in a sickly condition until they can manage to get up bej'ond their polluting influ- ences. Something might certainty be done to improve this state of things, and it only wants a little speculative energy amongst the conservators themselves to muke the Dart not only a splendid Salmon stream, but a highly remunerative one in a pecuniary point of view. 70 If the lease of its Salmon fishery at Totnes will remu- nerate a private individual who has no interest in replenishing the stock in the upper waters, surely.it would pay a company of conservators (who might work the fishery through their own agents) equally well. The increase in the value of the fishing would also more than double the value of a season ticket, and the Dart would then be second to no river in Devon. The upper portion of the Dart, fed by numerous little streams on Dartmoor, affords excellent Trout fishing, and in order to obtain it the best plan is to take up lodgings at Princetown or Twobridges, on the moor ; at which places the sportsman will be within convenient distance of the sources and tributaries of several rivers. Among them are the Cowsick, the Walkham, Cherry- brook, Blackbrook, East andWest Dart, Walla-brook, &c. Tickets and licenses for the Dart by the season, month, week, or day, can be obtained at HEARCEii and Son's, agents to the conservators, 19"), Union-street, Plymouth, or from the Secretary, at Totnes. THE TEIGN. The Teign, at Newton Abbot, has some Trout and Salmon fishing, but its water is much impaired by mines. Efforts, however, are being made by the Teign Fishery Board to ameliorate its condition, but as yet with little effect. Formerly it contained an abundance of Salmon, but they have gradually disappeared before the various pollutions which now contaminate it, and it will require great determination and stringent legis- lation to work any considerable change in it. The following table of Soltau's flies, suitable for any of the rivers in the vicinity of Plymouth, will be found 71 of some considerable nse to the sportsman, as it will show at a glance the particular fiies suited for each month. Those marked thus ^ are adapted for windy weather ; marked thus * are Moor flies. Feb. No. 1, 2, 3,+ 4, 9,* 10, 12* Mar. „ 1, 2, :3,t 4, (3,1 9,* 10, 12* April ,, 1, 2, 3,t 4, 5,* 6,+ 7, 9,* 10, 12 Mat „ 1, :5,t 0,* (i,; 7, S, 9,* 10, 12,* 13, 14 June „ 1, 3,+ 5,* 6,+ 7, 8, 9,* 10, 12,* 13, 14, 15, If), 17 July „ 1, 3,+ 5,* 6,+ 7, 8, 9,* 10, 12,* 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 August „ 1, 3,+ 5,* G,+ 7, 9,* 10, 11, 12,* 13, 16, 17, 18 Sept. „ 1, 3,+ 5,* 6,+ 9,* 10, 11, 12,* 18* Oct. „ 1, 3,1 5,* 6,+ 9,* 10, 11, 12,* 18* The flies here designated by numbers are flies familiar to most fishermen, and are known as the Cock-a-bondhu, Silver Grey, Blue Upright, Black Gnat, Coachman, Alder, Red Spinner, March Brown, &c., (fee. ; but even as those flies vary in slight particnlar-^^ in the modes of dressing in the hands of different indivi luals, Mr. Soltau, who has had great experience v\ tue fishing of the Devonshire rivers, preferred numl ring them to naming them, in order to ensure perfect V'liformity in the flies made from his patterns. Heaf.-^er and Son always keep the original set given to the in by Mr. Soltau, and as they are on terms of intimacy with that gentleman, the most perfect accuracy may be depended upon in all that they supply. In addition to Mr. Soltau' s patterns, Heakder and Son have always an extensive assortment of every species of fly, suited for any part of the world. As a general rule, worm iishing is prohibited in the Devonshii-e rivers, but dapping v\-ith the blowing-fly, fern-web, grasshopper, or any of the admirable imita- 72 tions always kept in stock at Hbarder's establishment^ is quite admissible. Trolling and fishing in the hands of the expert fisherman are about the best and surest modes of capturing the largest fish, whether Trout, Salmon, or any of the migratory species. Hearder and Son, in addition to their celebrated Piano-Convex Minnow, which has been honoured amongst others of their baits v/ith nine prize medals from English and Continental Exhibitions, inchiding the International of 1H74, have always in stock an abundant assortment of every description of spinning bait. PIKE FISHING. The only place in Devonsliire worth noticing as a spot where genuine Pike fishing can be obtained is Slapton Lea, near the village of Torcross, on the sea coast, about half way between Kingsbridge and Dart- mouth, from either of which towns it is distant about eight miles. It is a fine piece of brackish water, about two miles long, and, in some parts, half a mile wide, enclosed from the sea by a natural sandbank, as if expressly set apart for this very purpose. It is abund- antly stocked with Pike, Eoach. Rudd, and Perch, all of which afford good sport. The Pike run horn (i to 20 lbs., but IIeakder and Son have in their collection of preserved fish one that weighed 2511)8., several of a similar size and larger that have been taken on the Lea. As the water shoals very gradually, there is no fishing with a rod and line from the bank ; boats are therefore always in requisition, and from these the fisJierman may rpin or troll ad lihitum. Should he not care to be. trouble'! with li^■ > bait, ]:e ^viU find the rinnu-Convcx Minnow (Nos. i to 6, pago 4.1) his best friends. They heave clone marvellous execution amongst the pike of late years ; "svhilst the Perch are ravenous after Nos. 1 and 2. The lishing time on the Lea commences on the Ist April, and terminates on the ;31st October, the inter- vening period being reserved by Sir Lydstoue Newman, the proprietor, for the protection of the v,'U.d fowl. Mr. Vickery, of the Sands Hotel, to whom the fishing is leased, not only caters most substantially for the comfort of his visitors, but supplies fishermen with the necessary tickets for enjoying their sports on the Lea. A boat and a man can be obtained for 5s. a day for one fisherman, or 7s. for two. There is some capital sea fishing also to be had here, and boatmen will be found always ready to take parties out. The coach which runs at present between Dartmouth and Kingsbridge stops at the Sands Hotel for refresh- ments. It takes on from the morning train at Dart- mouth, and waits for the arrival of the express passengers from the South Devon Train at Kingsbridge at 5 p.m. every day. There is also a coach which leaves Kingsbridge for Plymouth at 8 a.m., and returns from Plymouth at -i p.m. every day during the summer months, but in the winter only on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. PAKT SECOND. SEA FISHING-. In addition to the Salmon and Trout fishing of the rivers in the vicinity of Plymouth, a more substantial, and perhaps not less pleasant recreation is to be found F 74 iu the sea ^Tlliell waslics it!> shores. Fish, in great variety and ahundauce, are to be met with in their various seasons ; amongst these may be numbered mackerel, pollack, bass, pouting, chad, mullet, whiting, conger, and cod, and as these constitute the great bulk of the fish Vv-hich abound on all the shores of the United Kingdom, the following general remarks on Sea Fishing will be equally applicable wherever circum- stances happen to correspond. Several peculiarities will have special notices, and as Plymouth may be looked upon as the tyj^e of a good fishing station, affording as it does opportunities for the capture of almost every kind of sea and harbour fish, the reader will be amply informed as to the spots suitable for each kind of fishing, and the tackle best adapted for the purpose. The class of tackle to be used and the modes of fishing to be adopted may be considered under two heads, namely : Surface Fishing, and Deep Sea or Ground Fishing ; and as the line is the main element iu both cases, it may be as well to consider its character at once. LINES, AND THEIR ESSENTIAL QUALITIES. A Fishing Line should be strong ; this quality enables it to possess another, viz., that it should l)e fine, so as to pass easily through the water without friction. A third (juality, and an indispensable one, is that it should be perfectly free from the intolerable nuisance of kinking or curling, a defect which mainly arises from improper manufiicture. Hard wiry lines possess this objectionable quality to such an extent that it is impossible to throw ol'f a dozen turns from a reel iu one direction without causing it to run into kiuks, Hearder and Son's lines are all 75 manuf;ictnred by a process essentially their own, ami are beantifnlly pliable, and so perfectly I'ree from the defect of kinking that a new line can be used at once without having to pass througli the ordeal of wetting, stretching, towing astern for hours to take the twist out, c^C. Two-strand lines have been recommended as free from this evil ; but as the defect is not in principle, but in the mode of manufacture, a three-strand line, properly made, is as little liable to kink as a two-strand one, vrhilst, bulk for bulk, it is stronger. HoRSEHAiK Lines should be free from knots, as these hold much water and catch up floating vreed in towing, and do not run through the hand or over the edge of the boat freely ; they are very well in the hands of those who hke to twist their own lines, and have not acce-JS to the machinery necessary for spinning them in a continuous length. The chief advantages of horsehair Imcs are — Urst, durability; and second, linear elasticity. When a sudden strain is put on a horsehair line, it yields considerably in its length, and acts as a sort of elastic spring, thereby preventing the sudden jerk which, when a boat is going fast, not unfrequently carries away a valuable snood when the bait is suddenly seized by a hea,vy fish. Horsehair lines are considerably more expensive in the first outlay, though this is com- pensated for in a great measure by avoiding the loss of valuable appendages. Gut Lines should have no more twist than just enough to keep the strands from lying open. It is a great mistake to twist gut tightly "for the sake of ap- pearance. Platted Lines are superior to twisted lines, as they cannot kink ; hence platted flax, platted silk, and platted gut, are in gi-eat repute. By Heard ER and Son's process, however, tney are enabled to manufacture a superfine flax twisted line 76 which is admirably suited for rod iishing ; it is ex- tremely strong, beautifully even, runs freely through the rings of the rod, is not liable to kmk, and is made in lengths from 20 to 130 yards. It is much prized for Bass fishing, and many use it even for Trout and Salmon. (timi> consists of a core of silk fibres or strands served round closely with wire : its value as a snood is not sufficiently appreciated. It combines strength and flexibility with a certain amount of rigidity, which prevents it from curling around and entangling itself with the main line, as is too often the case with the ordinary flax sid or snood. Some crack fishermen use a line entirely of gimp, and consider it the nc plus ultra of a fishing line, as its weight in proportion to its bulk supersedes to a great extent the necessity of leads. Cotton is sometimes substituted for silk in the manufacture of gimp, to reduce the price ; but this is a cheat which the fisherman soon discovers to his mor- tification, by the loss of all the supplemented gear. Heardek and Son manufacture a gimp of very large size, having a flax core of amazing strength, especially adapted for conger fishing. The finer sorts of gimp form excellent snoods for whiting. The various appendages of leads, snoods, and baits will be considered in connection with the uses to which they are applitxl. SlIEFACE FISHING. This term is applied in contradistinction to Ground Fishiug, and is not strictly confined to the surface, but includes tlic fishing at a small depth below the surface. I'he fish usually taken on the surface are mackerel, pollack (sometimes called lytlie, billet, and coal fish>, gurnards, bass, chad, and nmllet ; and as some are taken 77 best by one plan and some by another, the different processes will be here described. WHIFFING FOR MACKEREL, POLLACK, ETC. The term "Whiffixc is applied to the act of towing a line with its fishing appendages astern oi" a rowing or small sailing boat. The same process may be employed astern of a yacht, but then the term Reeling or Railing ii used, and indicates the use of stronger lines and gear, as well as heavier leads, on account of the greater s]teed. The line used for v:hifiiiig may be of fine cord or hair. The caprice of the fisherman is the rule in this case : one contents himself with a fine, strong, twisted flax line. Another chooses platted flax ; this is better, but much dearer. A third will have nothing but hair — still dearer, but excellent on account of the quality of elas- ticity, which saves many a good fish, or prevents the loss of a valuable, trace, which might have snapped under the sudden bringing up of an unyielding cord line. A fourth patronises a platted waterproofed silk line ; fine, strong, about as exj)ensive as hair, but rather too small to handle when the fingers are cold. A fifth goes in for gimp, regardless of .3d. or -id. per yard, and unquestionably surpasses the whole. The length of the line should be 20 to 25 yards, and to it is attached a sinker, varying in Aveight from half an ounce to four or five ounces according to the depth at wdiich it is desirable to fish. The boat-sliaped sinker is the best form to prevent the twisting which may take place in a line under strain from being carried forward to the trace and fligiiL of hooks, which niight otherwise be caused to curl up and foul with each other. If round fiinkers tapered at both ends be used, it is best to insert a swivel, either between the line and sinker or between the sinker and the trace, vrhich will thus obviate the 78 objection and prevent tlie mischief. Heakdek's new sensitiv^e sinker is a double taper lead, having a loose wire axis, passing through the centre ; at the extremity of this the line and snood are respectively attached, the loose axis permits the slightest tug of a fish to be felt at once through the lead. To the sinker is usually attached a fine snooding, with the various contrivances for decoying and capturing the finny victims. The following are the principal modes of fitting the trace, as the snooding and its appurtenances are termed : The first and simplest mode is to connect with the sinker a length of four or five yards of fine flax snooding or copper wire, to the extreme end of which a hook, snooded with gut, is attached, which may be baited with the mud-worm. In lieu of the hook, a white or coloured pollar.k tl}^, or, still better, the silver spinner {page 28) may be used. These latter require no bait. Si'coiull}', in lieu of the copper wire or flax snooding, a snood of three or four yards of gimp may be employed, which, although more expensive, is infinitely better, as it keeps clear of the line and never kinks. To remler the line still more complete, an extra trace of twisted gut, or very strong single salmon gut, from one to two yanls in length, should be attaclied, and upon this gut-trace should be fastened, at every knot, a white or coloured pollack fly, the trace being terminated by a silver spinner. These flics, as they pass through the water, look like a shoal of small flsh. A still closer resemblance to a fish is the indiarubber sand-eel, mnde of different colours, or the white sole skin bait, and these may be advantageously substituted for tlie flies just dericribed, especially where large pollack arc to be rnct with. AVifh a line of this kind, having six baits and a spinnnr, it is no uncommon thing to take in a fisb on every hook half a dozen times in succession. Some even go to tlie extent of lonicthenin^r their c;ut-trace so as to 79 take on twenty or thirty Hies, and, Avhen fish are plenty, a score of fish may be sometimes thus taken at a single haul. ]-!uuns. are caught with it, along the Scottish Coast, in the Shetland Islands, amongst the Hebrides, and on the coast of Norway, Codling and large Cod are taken with it at the bottom, whilst in the ocean extra sizes take the Dolphin, Alhacore, Bonita, &c. At Gibraltar, Eangers, Bass, and other fish 84 are freely taken with it by spinning with a rod from the rocks. In the Mediterranean it takes several of the sur- face fish, and at the Cope of Good Hope it takes the Snook, Cape Salmon, and fisli of that class. A list of these spinners will be found at parje 28. The Chad, or Young Bream, visit our coasts in July, August, and September, and are amongst those fish, caught at the surface or just below. They are often caught in whiffing ; hence their notice in this place : but the best mode of fishing for chad is to employ a twisted gut trace, with from four or six hooks, on short twisted gut strung on at the several knots, and baited with mud- worms, mussel, shrimp, or .squid. This gut-trace can be used as a paternoster, with a plummet lead at the bottom, or it may be attached to a gimp collar of two or three yards in length, and this again to a lead, precisely in the mode adopted for the whiffing line {payc 14). It is not, however, to be used in whifiing, but from a stationary boat. As the chad swims at various depths, their where- abouts being ascertained, the necessary length of line above the lead is adjusted accordingly. When chad are plenty, a couple of lines may some- times take from six to twenty dozen ; they are very bold, and do not re(piire particularly line tackle. Tlie chop- stick used for pouting (pani' 17) is also an excellent con- trivance for cliad, and the snoods at the ends may be furnished each with two hooks, one about a foot below the other. SUIIFACE FISHINd AT ANCPIOK. TiiK Dini'-T Link, Hod and Float Links, t^-c. — The foregoing lomavks have principally Ijad rcforcnce to fisliing in a lioat in motion, but as this is rather laborious work when the fislierman is the only one to do the pulling as well as the fishing, it is found very convenieut 85 occasionally to moor tlie Loat ainT adopt another mode of proceeding. The DiuFT Link here comes into requisition, and artificial baits are to a great extent discarded. Should the, fisherman he unprovided with any other than his whiffing lines, he may use them, simply removing his flies and substituting in their place hooks for baiting. The run of tide carries his line away from the boat, and the weight of the lead must be adjusted to meet circumstances. The drift line (2)agc 15;, hovrever, is a more convenient contrivance. It is a flax or hair line, the latter being preferable, having a number of pipe leads slung upon it at intervals of about tvvo fathoms. These leads are fixed v/ith little wooden pegs : their use is to determine the depth at whicli the bait shall be kept. If the tide be not strong, two or three leads can he let out ; but if the current be swift, then half-a- dozen or more may be paid out, until the weight is sufficient to keep the bait at the requu-ed depth. In any case the drift line should be terminated by a gimp snood and a yard or two of strong gut, with a hook for bait. These lines permit the bait to be carried to a considerable distance from the boat, and it will be easily seen that by employing lines lightly or heavily leaded, four lines can be readily used at a time if those with the lightest leads are used in the stern. The tell-tale, or cane spreader, which projects three feet on each side of the boat (page 39;, affords an opportunity of employing an extra pair of lines. Eon Lines with floats (j^cige 10; may also be advantageously employed in fishing at anchor, as, by varying the position of the rods, length of line, etc., greater number can be used from a single boat without interfering with each other. Some employ a line v\-ith rather a heavy sinker, having a long snood of gimp and gut below it. The sinker is let down the required depth, and the tide carries the snood and bait away from it. 86 By this kind of Stcationary fLshing, pollack, mackerel, ■cliad, and occasionally bass and dories, are taken ; and the best baits are the living sand-eel, if it can be procured, the mud-worm, mussel, cuttle-fish, or squid, a lask from a mackerel's tail, shrimps, or even small crabs. Any of the spinners will often take pollack, bass, and mackerel, if the tide should flow fast enough to make them spin well, especially if the line be kept moving by pulling it in and letting it out a yard or two. FLY FISHING AND SPINNING FOE BASS AND POLLACK FEOM A BOAT. There is still another mode of surface fiLshing to be described, and not the least interesting, on account of its alliance to the noble sport of salmon fishing, which it closely resembles as well in its manipulation as in its results. The bass is in the sea almost what the salmon is in the river. He takes the white or green liy and the sole skin bait as well as the different forms of spinners, and when hooked by any one of thom shows game by fighting hard, leaping out of the water and sheering right and left in true salmonic style. As he ranges frequently from three to fifteen pounds in weight, he becomes a fish worth notice, especially when, as is some- times the case, as many as 70 or 80 have been taken in a morning before breakfast with a single rod and one of the writer's indiarnbbcr sand-eels (page 30 j. Before describing the modes of taking the bass, it may be as well to consider his habits and whereabouts. He is, then, always found in estuaries, making his way in with the flood tide, sporting chiefly near the surface of the water, though he is not unfrequently found at the bottom grovelling for ground-bait ; fre- queutl}'- he feeds by night ; and dozens are occasionally caught after dark from the Pier at Millbay, Plymouth. Shoals of the smaller bass, from half a pound to three 87 pounds iu weiglit, may be seeu as the tide runs up over the sandy fiats scuddinp; along with their backs out of the vrater, eager to gobble uj^ the little creatures that unsuspectingly emerge from their sandy retreats to receive their accustomed rations from the flowing tide. Abundant though the bass is, and his periodical visits always to be depended upon, yet the mode of capturing him appears to be only now gradually unfolding itself. Hitherto it has been the practice to whiff for him after the manner before described for mackerel and pollack, using the same kind of gear, namely, flies and spinner (page 15 j, and occasionally some tine fish are caught in this v.ay. More recently the writer's indiarubber spinning sand- eel has been welcomed as a valuable addition to the list of artificial baits, but of these more hereafter. If the fisherman be bent on whiffing for bass, he must attend to the following instructions. Chose a day when there is a smart ripple on the water, and do not whitt" in the same direction with the tide, for bass are shy fellows, and do not care to follow iu the wake of a boat. If you pull against the tide, you meet the fish and disperse them all, and your bait astern receives no visit. If you pull with the tide, and fast enough to keep your line trailing astern, even then you may frighten the fish, which are very likely to Ito ke; ping as far ahead of the tide as you are. Whiff, then, across the current with a long fine line, neatly supplemented with but few appen- dages. A spinner or ji^ i crow bait and a sand-eel or sole skin bait, or a cou; le of flies, but not more; or perhaps you might even do l:)etter by terminating your line with a spinner only, or v.-ith a single fly, or sand- eel, or, if you can get it, with a live sand-eel. By this means, as your bait passes across the noses of a variety of fi.sh, it is a chance if one or the other does not feel tempted occasionally to take it. When hooked, deal with him gently, not hurriedly, for he is strong and 88 wayward ; if lie will have line, let liini have it, but uot too easily; aud when at last you get him alongside, have your gaii or landing net read}-, or his last des- perate effort to escape may be successful if you trust to a gut snood. At best, however, this kind of sport falls very far short of what is now recognised as bass fishing par excellence, namely, fishing with a rod and line from a stationary boat or rocky headland, either with a sand- eel or plano-convex minnow. No. 3. The salmon fisher requires no instruction for this class of sport ; already mi fait with the minnow and fly on the river or lake, he is at home M'ith their representatives on the sea, but the uninitiated may re(j[uire a few hints, and for him the following remarks are penned. First, then, let him provide himself with a rod not less than 14, but better 16 or 18 feet in length, tolerably stiff, but })liant enough to make a cast with a sand-eel, fly, or spiimer, at the end of 80 or 40 yards of line. The rod may be of hickory or cane (2^agc 25), the latter combining light- ness with strength. It should be furnished with upright rings, so as to allow the line to work freely. A general rod, such as is described in page 41, is a convenient rod, since, in addition to the more slender top for casting the fly, it is furnished with stiffer tops for fishing from piers and rocks with a float line. The next essential is a large, strong winch, capable of holding 80 to 150 j^ards of fine but strong line. (See Avinches ]). 25.) This winch is fixed in the ordinary way by a sliding ring to the butt of the rod. Next conies the Line. Some prefer the standard salmon line of eight-plat silk (paf/e 11), prepared with waterproofing varnish, or the less expensive eight-plat flax Hne (pa(ie 11), which may be waterproofed or not. If economy be the order of the day, Heardek's super- fine flax line {pafje 10) combines this quality with efficiency. It is extremely strong, very fine, and has no tendency to kink, and is therefore free from all the dis- 89 agreeable objections, so commou to the mucli vaunted cotton lines, and may be had in lengths from 30 to 120 yards at 8d. per score phiin, or Is. waterproof ed. The line is to be supplemented by a fine bnt strong trace of tvristed, or, still better, platted gut {page 11). This trace should be about three yards in length, and is better for baring a swivel inserted about a yard from the end. To this trace is attached the fly, plano-convex minnow, or indiarubber sand-eel, as the case may be. Lines with these appendages are to be found at page 13. Bass seem to prefer different baits in different localities ; in some places they take the fly, especially the green one, with silver body, from its close resem- blance to the brit ; in a graater namber of situations they take the sand-eel, but the plano-convex minnow, No. 3, appears from all accounts to surpass the whole as a universal killer. Thus equipped, the fisherman chooses a day when there is breeze enough to raise a white crest upon the wave, and anchors his boat in the tideway, just in the course bass are known to take. Here he casts his line right and left as far as he can well throw it, drawing the bait towards him across the stream, occasionally using a smaU pipe lead just above the swivel, to sink the bait a few inches below the surface. By this process the writer is credibly informed by experienced bass fishers that ten times more base can be taken than by any other. When pollack alone are sought for, the stiff breeze is not so much a sine qudnon as when the game is bass, and the rocks may be approached more closely. SPINNING AND FLY FISHING FOE BASS, &c., FEOM ROCKS AND JETTIES. Comparatively few persons appear to be aware of the excellent sport to be obtained by spinning and fiy fish- G 90 ing from tlie bold rocky headlands vrith wbicli the Britisli Isles abound ; but thi<=! adniirablo sport, which has the capit.il advantage that it can be followed when the sea is much too rough fro rend^^r boat fishing a pleasant amusement, is rapidly developing itself all around our coaGts. Ail si^.rfacG lish, such fi°. mackorel, lythe, bass, pollack, billet, c%o., are now taken most freely from the rocks with pi-eci>^el.y the same tackle and mode of using it as that described in the preceding article. In September mackerel are taken by hundreds round the coast of Ireland, and ou many parts of the English coast, and what is not a little surprising, cod- lings of con«idercible size are take^n at the boUom by the plano-convex minnow, used wiih rod and line from the rocks. The plan for pursning this last sport, is to throw out the bait with >-(J or 40 yjirds of line, let it sink to the bottom, and then draw it sm>a-tly in. At Filey Brigg, in Yorkshire, and on some parts of the V/elsh and Irish coasts, this spurt has been most suc- cessful. A word or two on the flies and sand-eels as bass and pollack baits may not be out of place liere, as it is a subject much discussed amimgst fishermen. The writer has always b -en of '^pinion that fish take the feathered hooks not for files, but for sranll fish ; hence his original fly was made to ro3omble the fish as nearly as possible by enclosing the hook between a pair of feathers Following up the imprt-sfion, Heaeprr and Son con- trived their indiarubOer sand-eel, with its various modifications, aud the ncooiints which they daily re- ceive of its success warrant them in recommending their drab India rubbf^r r:and-ccl as the best bait yet out for bass, second only to the plano-couvex minnow. They have also introduced a red sand-eel, which appears to be, from all accounts, an extraordinary killer f<;r large pollack, lythe, bi'lct, and coai-fish, probably from its resemblance to the lug worm. It Is extensively 91 used round the coast of Ireland, as well as round the coasts of England and Scotland. Amongst the various modifications of th?ir compound baits for bass and pollack, they would call attention to the combination of the spinner with the sand-eel or sole skin, namely the jim crow, (Page oO,; This bait can also be used with mud worms, pork rind, or any natural bait as a supplement to the spinner. THS GREY MULLET. This is a class of fish either very easy or very difficult to catch with bait. Li enclosed portions of estuaries, near bridges, quays, or in extensive docks, they are often caught in great abundance with a rod and line fitted with a gut paternoster furnished with half-a- dozen gat hooks fixed at the knots, size No. to No 8, and having a dip-lead of ^ oz. to ^ oz. at the bottom {page 1^). These hooks are baited with small bits of mud or rag-worm. The rod may be of bamboo, ash, or hickory, 10 feet or 14 feet long. With tackle of this kind at the Great Western Docks, Plymouth, as well in the docks as on the outer wall faciug the tide, to 8 dozen of mullet, ranging from ^ lb to 3 lbs., are sometimes caught in three or four hours. In wide estuaries, however, they run much larger, namely, -3 to and 10 lbs., and here they are difficult to catch. The writer, however, recommends a floating trot across the tide N^uth about 25 hooks, with very short gut snoods [page 19), baited with lug-worm, which is about the best bait he has met with for mullet. An efficient bait is still wanting for mullet, and it is diffic'jlt to discover upon what they feed. Mr. Hearder, junr. had an opportunity of watching the proceedings through a bull's-eye in the engine-room of a vessel which was below the surfiice of the water, and they were observed to come and poke theu- noses in amongst 92 the weeil growing ou llic side of tlie opening as if nibbling it or searching out small marine creatures. They v/ill sometimes takd portions of shrimps or bruised crab, or even fragments of earth-worms. Mullet fry from 1;} to 2 iuchoG in length are voracioufly devoured by Bass ; hence they would form a capital bait for the latter fish. About the best mode for taking mullet is to stretch a seine acroi;s an estuary at high-water in a part where the tide loaves the sand and retires into its narrow channel bet''^ ecn the flats. The mullet are pre- vented from going back, and thousands may be thus secured, varying from (i inclics to 2 feet in length. It is necessar}', however, to have a good purse to the net, and to strain the warp to which the net is attached tightly across t]ie river at a height of 4 or o feet from the surface of the water, as mullet will sometimes leap and pass like a drove of sheep over the edge of the net even at this height. THE SMELT. Both the Atherine (or Sand Smelt), which is the only speciv-^s met with on the south coast of England, and the true smelt {Osmeras esioerlaniis) can be taken with the gear just described as suitable f(U' mullet, with the exception that smaller hooks (No. 9 or 10) should be used. Smelts (Atherine) are found in the vicinity of mouths of drains or sevrcrs, or frcsh-wator cliaunels. They also take shelter round th(! rocks and quays of our harbours, and aft"ord sport to scores of little ragged urchins, whose fit-out consists of a withy, two or three yards of twine, and two or three hooks snooded to hair obtained by an investment of 2d., and yet with this tackle tbey manage to catch sometimes two or three dozen in two or three hours. 93 GROUND, on DEEP-SEA FISHING. There is a spocies of ground fisLing uot so much followed as it might be ; viz., DAB FISHING. The Dab is a rich-taste J Ssh, and well repays the trouble of catching. The ordinary mode of fitting a line for this kind of sport is to use with it a boat-shaped sinker, of a weight suifieient to keep the bottom ; to this is attached a snood of gimp or gut of four or five feet in length, terminated by a hook, and having one or moi'e hooks strung at short distances above the end one. These are baited with mud-worm, mussel, or shrimp, and are allowed to Tie upon the ground. ■ If the lead be lifted a very short distance oif the ground, the bites are felt more easily. A sLill better mode, especially where the run of the tide is small, is to use a loger trot [paije 16). This consists of a Hax liiio of sufficient length to reach the bottom and alio v/ for tidal drift. To the end of the line is attached a smiill plummet sinker, say about a haIi-))ouud. Sis inches above the sinker a loop is made in the line, and to this is attached one end of a gut line, termed a leger line or trot ; this may vary in length according to the wish ol the fisherman, from one yard to six: or eight yards, and may be of single or twisted gut, or even of fine flax snooding. Hooks with short gut snoods are strung up-^n this, at the distance of ■a foot or so from each other, and a second lead is attached to the f^irther end. To lay this trut, the first lead is lowered into the water, the hooks are baited, and then the line is paid out until the loads reach the bottom in succession, but the boat is at the same time moved, so as to lay the string of hooks between the two leads fiat on the ground ; the second lead being down, the line is tightened, so as just to feel the lead without 94 raising it. By this means the tenderest bite is felt and better sport is ensured, as the fish are sometimes gentle feeders. The hooks may vary fromNos. 8 to 8, depen-- ding on the size of the fish likely to be met with. POUTING, WHITING-POUT OP. PLAINS. This fish delights in deep v/atcr with oozy bottom, and is caught in most bays and harbours. As it bites eagerly, the gear need not be particularly fine, though it should be strong, as the fisherman is not unfroquently surprised in pulling up his little prey by a tremendous tug from a heavy fish , which holds on if the snood be strong enough, and allows himself to be brought to the surface. This is a great dory, not always hooked, but more frequentl v held by the little pouting, which he has seized, sticking in his gullet, and it is only when he is in danger of being lifted out of the water that he will consent to disgorge it. Those who arc alive to this little game take care to have the gaff ready to help the depre- dator into the boat as soon as he is brought near the surface. To return to the Pouting. The fishing ground being chosen, the boat is moored, and the crew, half-a-dozen in number, the more the merrier, if there be room for them, each provided with a liu'^, commence their opera- tions. A fine fiax line of thirty or forty yards, will generally be sufficient for this purpose; to this is attached a lead weight of about a pound, ha\irig a wire chopstick 12 or 1 Cinches lorg, passing transversely through its centre. To loops at the end of tbis wire hooks with gut snoods are attached, the Icugtb of which should not be sufficient to permit them to become en- tangled with each other. These hooks are baited with rag-worm, squid, mussel, perriniuklf, limpits, &c., all of wliich are very good baits. The lead is lowered to the bottom, and then raised, so as to keep the bait just- off the groim.]. With this arrangement, when fish are plenty, pairs are as often taken as a single lish,anditis no uncommon thing fcr half-a-dozen lines in a boat to be thus bu«ily occupieu for three or four hours at a time. The best time for pouting is about the slach period near the time of high and low watfr. When the tide attains much force, heavier leads arc required, and to obviate the necessity of providing a set oi chopsticks of different weit^hts, Heardkr a>:d Son hr.ve invented two detachable chopsticks which can be used vrith any ordi- nary lead, and which permit these leads to be changed in a few seconds (page 18). One of these detachabl-^ chopsticks consists of a wire spreader, the central portion of which is coiled loosely upon a brass tube through which the line passes. This is described under Improved Kentish Rig {page 98). THE WHITING. These fish are causrht in great abundance on almost every part of our coast, nnd at distances from the shore varying fmm 1 to '^0 miles, and at depths frcm 10 to 30 fathoms always at the bottom. The smaller fish fre- quently enter harbours, no doubt for shelter from the hake, cod, &c. Thej bite greedily, and as 300 to ()(jO may sometimes be cauglit in a few hours, they afford the fisherman exercise as \v<.dl as amusement. It is rather fatiguing work to be constantly hauling in 30 or 40 fathoms of line with a 4 or 5R>. sinker at the end of it and therefore Heakdeb and Son have recently invented a galvanized iron winch, which can be screwed on to the gunwale of a boat projecting over the side. By means of a handle, the line is quickly v.'ound upon the v.'inch, and when let down, it runs freely oh' the- winch by the weight of the lead. A hitch of the line over the handle stops it at any depth. The clamp which fixes it upon 96 the gnnwale has a moveable jaw, wLicb adapts it to boats of any thickness, and they also make them with larger clainps to fix on the bulwarks of a yacht, and of dimensions larg^ enough to take a conger line. They will bo found to save an immense amount of labour, and arc vory light iii construction. They have desig- nated this reel the Gunwale Winch for deep sea lines {see page 2S). LEADS, AND THE MODES OF PITTING THE DIFFERENT RIGS. The mode of fitting and using the lines varies in different localities, and is designated " rig." Thus, we have the Kentish rig, the Southampton, Plymouth, Guernsey, and Dartmouth rigs. For minute details of these and others, the reader is referred to the " Sea Fisherman," an elaborate and comprehensive work, by Mr. J. C. WiLCocKS ; or to a concise and practical trea- tise on " SoaFish and how to Ca^ch them," by Mr. W. B. Lord, r.a. A general outline, however, will here be given, v.ijich will furnish the fisherman with a mode of fitting and nsing these contrivances. They di^ude them- selves into two s^rts, namely, the cbopstick M'ith its modifications, and tlie boat-shaped rig. The wliiting line should not be less than 80 fathoms, as the ti le in oome places i-uns so strongly that a 5 or 61b. lead will liardly keep the bottom even with two 30- fathom lines bent on end to end. Under ordinary cir- cumstances, lio-.ve.ver, a -iO-fathom line will be sufficient for a boat at anchor with a supply of leads varying from 2 to 5 or sjbs. If you allow your boat to drift instead of anchoring her, you cnn then fish with an up and down line and a light sinki'r, but this involves the nec^fisity of every now and then working up against the tide to regain 3'our favourite spot. 97 THE SOUTHAMPTON RIG. This is the chop^tiek ah-eady described nnder the head of poating fishing, though of much larger dimensi-nis ; for whiting it is usually made by pasf-ing a trans- verse rod of galvanized iron ^ inch thick through a conical or plummet shiipe lead sinker of about 2 or -1 ths. in weight. Short snoods are attached to the eyes at each end of the wire, and are furnished with swivels ; to these swivels the Ijooks and snoods are attached. The snoods may be of rinc flax, twisted gut, or, best of all, fine strong gimp, whipped on to hooks having extra long shanks. The snoods must not be long enough to enable the hooks to rcaca eacn other and become entangled. THE DARTMOUTH RIG. This diil'era from the Southampton rig in having the chopstiok or spreader above the lead. A sling mf.de of cod line a foot or so in length, has an eye worked into eaoh end of it, one to take the lead, and the other the main line. The chopstick or spreader is lashed trans- Tersely in the middle of this. HEARDER'S SHIFTING OR DETACHABLE CHOPSTICK. {Page 17.) This is the same in principle as the Dartmouth rig, but is m-'ich simplr, and permits the lead to be changed to suit the tide in a few moments. The galvanized v.'ire spreader is formed into a double eye, like the Hgnre H in the centre. The cord siing of ihe sinker is passed through the lower eye and over the upper one, and the loop of the line is passed through the upper eye and slipped over the sink^'r. It is figured among other 2-igs in WiLcocEs' " Soa Fisherman." 98 THE KENTISH RIG. Tliis is a contrivance to remedy the inconvenience jnst allnded to in the Southampton rig, by making one- chopstick serve for many sinkers of different weights.. The chopstick is made of a piece of wire of the rer[uisite length, the centre portion of which has been coiled two or three times round a half -inch bar of iron, so as to make a sort of tube, through which the sling of the lead passes. The chopstick can thus turn round and slide upon the sling, which is genel-ally made of upper leather. The arms of the chopstick are usually bent down, so as to form a wide fork, thus the.y hang true with the tide. The snoous are fastened at the ejids as before. The leads may thus be detached by slipping the chopstick up over the line, and casting them off at the sling. HEARDER'S IMPROVED KENTISH RIG, OR DETACHABLE REVOLVING CHOrSTICK. (PaY/el7.) The ordinary arrangement of the Kentish rig is open to two objections ; being loose and unstable, it is very apt to cause fouling of one or other of the snoods during the descent of the line, and the friction of the wire round the line is, moreover, very apt to chafo it. To prevent this, Hearder and Son contrived their anti- friction revolving chopstick (page 17). In this chopstick the middle of the wire-spreader is coiled upon a brass tube loosely enough to turn freely upon it, being kept in its place by flanges at the ends of the tube. The tube itself is made very smooth at the ends, and is large enough to allow the sling of the lead to pass through it easily. The loop of the line is then passed thr-mgh tlio sling above the chopstick, and then over the arms and lead of the cho})stick itself. The arms can be bent or not to suit the caprice of the fisherman. 99 Thfi piece of tube on a tight line keeps the chopstick stijff enough to enable it to Lock a fish at once vrhen he mccTclles vdih the bait, whilst the resistance it affords to <^ny alteration at its horizontal position, acts like a spring, and tempers the pull upon the snood. THE GUERNSEY EIG. This arrangement is precis-^ly the revolving slip of wood or boom described under mackerel railing, and the addition of Heardep.'s short revolving boom is equally advantageous here, THE PLYMOUTH, OK BOAT-SHAPED RIG. {Page 10.) This differs entirely from any yet described, and by many expert fishermen it is mnch preferred, especially wheji the new form of boat-shaped sinker, termed the shearing sinker, is employed, as it affords an oppor- tunity of cat?hmg three or fonr, or even more, whiting at a time. This is a material object when fish are plenty, since the chopstick can never bring up more than two. Before proc^d^ing further, it maybe as well to explain the difference betwepn the old boat-shaped sinker and the new shearing sinker, which is a grer.t improvement. The ordinary boat-shaped sicker consists simply of a lead in tiic form of a boat, having a v>ii-e about five inches in length, terniir>ate(l by a stroiig eye cast into each end of it, and standing up so as to form an angle with the end into which it is cast. Toe line is attached to the eye of one wire, the snood to the other. As the sinker descends it piills down the line and snood with it, and the friction of these t^Trough the water, acting on the two ends, keeps the iei.a in a somewhat hori- zontal position, but ttr.t r,^•^^ip. so, for the main line, afi'ording more resistance than the snood, keeps the 100 end of the sinker to which it is attached rather inclined up'.vards. Nevertheless, tha position of the lead is such as to keep the line and snood far enough from each other to prevent them from getting entangled. The lead, however, finds its way to tlie bottom in a direction which would be vertical but for the tide, which carries it astern ; thus, when three or four lines are used of equal lengths, and with leads of about equal weights, they lie so nearly together at the bottom, that they frequently get foul with each other, especially if the snoods are rather long. All this is prevented by Heakder's improved shearing lead, the peculiar con- struction of which causes it to descend in a direction slanting away from the side of the boat, so that, in- dependently of the direction impiirted to it by the force of the tide, the sinker slopes away to the right or left of this vertical plane, according as it is used on the right or left side of tlie boat : thus, when the sinkers reach the bottom, they are at a very considerable dis- tance from each other. Eyed wires, about five inches in length, are cast into the two ends as usual, pro- jecting lengthwise and inclined upwards. If such a sinker be suspended horizontally by holding the line and snood in the two hands, it will be seen that with regard to the vertical plan? of suspension, the sinker will pi-esent a surface on the lower side, inclined to the perpendicular of descent, vrhich thus causes the lead to shear awny in an inclin(;d plane, the direction of which is determined by the direction of the motion imparted to it on throwing it into the water. Thus, three b^ads maj^ be cast over the side of the boat, the one straight out from the broadside, a second in a direction inclining a little for vVHvd, and a tiiird inclining aft, r.ud this divergence will increase unf :-l Diey arrive at the bottom, where they will l»e at a very considerable distance from each other. Lines used on opposite sides of tlic boat must have opposite ends of the sinkers attached to the 101 main line, otherwise they will shear under the hoat instead of away from it. "Whether the boat-shaped or shearing lead be employed, the lower appendages of snood, &c., are the same. Below the lead, a sid strap or length of cord snooding rather slighter than the fishing line, or better still, a length of gimp of about 3 or 4 ft. is attached, and to the lower end of this, a strong brass swivel followed by the gimp snoods peculiar to this form of rig, and which are made in the following manner : — Take -i feet of strong gimp, Ko. 3, and whip a loop on each end ; at 4 inches from one end bend the gimp into a bight, and •whip it to form another loop ; this last loop is attached to the swivel at the end of the sid strop, and forms a double-ended snood. (Page 13. J Whiting hooks with extra long shanks (page i?2), whipped to No. 1 and 2 gimp, are attached to the terminal loops, and thus the rig is complete for two fish. The lead is to be lowered to the bottom, and then raised so as to allow the tide to carry the snood avray from it and keep it otf the ground. If the fish are plenty, and if the tide be running suffi- ciently strong to carry off a longer length of snood, then any number of the double snoods can be added on by looping the bight of the last to the long end of the preceding one. In this case, of course, the hooks on the long ends are dispensed with except the last, and the short arms alone are provided vdth thi m. With this arrangement, five or six whiting may be taken at a haul, and time and labour both economized. It is an improvement to attach each hook to the main snood by the intervention of a brass swivel, but where economy is an object, all the swivels may be dispensed with. The gimp snoods constitute the perfection of this arrangement, as they keep all the hooks clear of each other. The best bait for whiting is fresh pilchards, but mackerel, herring, mussel, gar-fish or long-noses, and salt pilchards are very good substitutes. 102 COD AND CONGEE FISHING. The arrangements best for cod and couger fisidr.^' j,re the boat-shaped rig jast described, with the addition, of the element of extra strength. The main line is sto'-.t-r, the lead is about the same, the she:„xing lead being pxe- ferable, but the sid strap, whether of cord or gix";;, is much stronger, the swiveb .aru strong and massive, xnd the double-ended snood of No. or 6 gimp, or HEAi%oEii"s extra stout gimp v/ith flax r^ore. The hooks r^ic; ""he principal object of attpntion, and are laounted or ganged in various manners. Heakdek's Hooks with Wike Snooi^h. — A short r/.ce snood is made by passing a line copper wire cev^^^.i,! times over two hooks about nine inches aparL ; cnb of these hooks is then twisted whilst the olL -r is statT^Ti- arj, and a snood of wire is thas for:aed, having a loop at each end. The fihh-hooks are all mcle with ejsa, and one of the loops of the wire is passed turo;:gl the eye of the hook and theu ovtr the poiul.j and is uin- mately drawn up over the, sh.Tnk tight ao>^r.sij. — The Mackerel visit Plymouth as early as May and June, at which lime they are only caught in the uBiiig and near Penleo Point and Eame Head. Towards* the latter end of June they approach nearer, and in July and August con be taken in Cawsand Bay and Plymouth Sound, wH.Mn the Breakwater, in great abiuidance by whiffing with the flies, soleskin, and Spiivner. In Aug act ^ud btptember they go to the bot- tom, and are then cau<;ht in great numbers with the ordinary chad or pouting tackle, when fishing for poiiLing. Pollack. — Theso are caught at all times of the year, but in the gxdatest abundance from March to July, though very large pollack are taken in the fall of the year. They frequent all rocky headlands and shores where v/eeds accumulate ; hence at Plymouth their haontc are any of the sunken rocks indicated by the conical buoys moored at various places in and about the Sound. The Batten Eeef, the sunken rocks in Batten Bay, termed che " Leek-beds," along each face of the Breakwater, on the Bridge or reef of rocks between Drake's Island and Mount Edgcumbe, and near the 108 shores of Penlee Point, Kame Head, the Bennies, and the Mevrstone. (See Map.) The largest pollack are caught at the last three places. They may be taken either by whiffing or with drift lines at anchor. Eass. — These visit Plymouth in May, June, and July^ and increase in numbers until September and October, or even as late as Christmas. The largest are caught by whiffing, or with a fiy or spinning sand-eel, or any of Hearber's artificial baits, by a rod from a boat at anchor off Penlee Point and Eame Head, round the western end of the Breakwater, near the bridge from Redding Point to Drake's Island, and abreast of the Citadel. With the rod line in particular, from a boat^ they are taken in liarnpool, and in the largest numbers near Laira Bridge, when the tide is flowing up over the Laira sands. The finest sport for bass, however, is obtained at the Eame Head. Here, in a good spank- ing breeze, and a w^hite-crested wave dashing against the rocks, the fisherman, with his 1(5 or 18 feet rod of Ea^t India cane, and 50 or 00 yards of fine strong line, plants himself, in defiance of the breeze, and throws out his bait, the plano-convex minnow being the best of artificial ones. Having made his cast, he draws in again smartly, and renews his throw amongst the bil- lows. If bass are on the feed he is rewarded by a dozen or so of fish, from 5 to 13 lbs. In order to land these, he has recourse to a gaff, in joints like a fishing rod, 12 or 1-1 feet long, as he cannot get near enough with an ordinary gaff, without danger. (See ^^a^-^; 31.) Pouting arc taken in many i)arts of the Sound, in some of the deep channels abreast of the Citadel ; near the Mallard Buoy ; off West Hoe Terrace ; in Firestone Bay ; about a cable's length south of the Cobbler Buoy ; just within the east and west ends of the Breakwater ; in Millbay ; and close to the Coal Hulk in Catwater. The best time is near high and low water, when the current is not too swift. The boat 109 for this purpose must, of course, bo ancliored. Pollack lines may also hang over the side of the boat, as these require less attention, and had better be provided with floats. Chad and Mullet. — These may be taken in July, August, and September; the former near the ends of the Breakwater, and the latter in or near the Great "Western Docks, in Millbay. (See page 91.) Either pollack or pouting lines may be used for chad ; but they should be furnished with three or four hooks on each line, as they bite very greedily at almost anything in the form of bait, and they may be taken three or four at a time. They swdm at a depth varying from one to three or four fathoms. Chad take the silver spinner, sole skin, or jim crow readily. Whiting and Cod. — These are taken in great abun- dance in the neighbourhood of the Eddystoue, and within a radius of three miles all round it. The best spots, however, are about a mile and a-half south-east of the Eddystone, and the same distance north-west of it. Sometimes they shift their positions and are found a little westward or eastward of these spots. Another excellent situation is about a mile south of the Kame Head. "Whiting are also occasionally taken in dificrcnt parts of the Channel, about to 8 miles south of the Breakwater. These are also favourite spots for cod. From 300 to 800 whiting are deemed a decent catch for five or sis hours' work. CoNOER may be met with in almost any part of the Sound, but principally near the termination of reefs, and in the channel between Lambhay Point and Mount Batten, as well as off ihe Citadel. They feed at night. The Drum Net, described a.t page dl, generally en- sures a fine catch of large fish, as well as occasionally crabs and lobsters. 110 LOBSTER, CRAB, AND PRAWW' FISHIKG. The rocky shores around Plymouth, as well a?^ within the harbour, afford an abundance of Lobsters, Crabs, and Prawns ; and as these require no skill to catcli them, "but merely the eiuploymeut of suitable contrivances, Hearder and Sox call attention to their new form of wicker traps, which they invented expressely for the Exploiinj? Expedition, to economize space m stowing on board H.M.S. Challenger. They arc- made dome-shaped, with flat detachable bottoms, which la'ter being re- movt;d enable the tra[»s to pack one inside tiie other, by which a dozen will not occupy more space than two or three. These wicker trajts are moored by stones or other sinkers, and their place is marked by a buoy line. The bait, consisting of fish garbage, is secured to the bottom inside, and the crabs, &c., enter through an opening in the top, after the manner of a wire rat-trap. The prawn-pots are smaller in dimensions, but are con- structed precisely upon the same principle and used in the same manner. Both crabs and prawns, the latter sometimes reaching 4 or 5 inches in lengrh, can be- taken all along the inner side of the lireakwater, and about the rocks of Drake's Island, and Batten Bay. Hearder's new portable collapsing net crab and lobster trap. It is constructed b}' stretching over a framework of iron a dome-shaped net, having a conical opening in the top through which the crabs, d'C, enter, in the same way as in the wire and wicker traps. The net is removable, and the iron fra)uo folds in together so as to form a Hat disc, thus occupying the least possible space. They also make net prawn traps on the same principle. Ill THE TRAMMEL. This is one of the most useful and convenient nets the fisherman can possess ; it is so easy to manage and so expeditiously laid down. It is a net so arranged that it stands up like a wall about 6 feet high, the lower edge resting on the bottom of the sea, being kept down by- leads on the foot line, whilst corks along the top edge serve to keep him ujuight. It consists essentially of a very fine net, with meshes too small for a fish to pass through, and which is fast- ened to the upper and lower ropes. On each side of this net there is placed another net with very large meshes, say 12 to 18 inches square, which is also fastened to the head and foot rope. TheaC two outer nets are made of stroiig cord, and when tight determine the height of the net from the ground, viz., 6 feet. The inner, or fine net, is about double the length and width of the outer ones, but is gathered into the same length, so as to leave a large quantity of slack net in the middle. A fish attempting to pass through the net from either side pushes the small net before him through the large meshes on the opposite side, and soon gets him- self into a purse, from which he cannot extricate him- self. The length of the net may vary from 10 to 50 fathoms, or two nets may be joined together if greater length be desired. To set the Trammel choose a sheltered spot where fish frequent ; or if you set in a tideway, arrange your net up and down Avith the title, aiid not across it, other- wise the current may force the net to lie on the ground. Provide yourself with two buoy lines of a length suitable to the depth in which you are going to fish, attach a sinker to each of about 25 lbs., and put on a few corks just to keep the line upright in the water. Having arranged your net in the boat readj^ to pay out, attach one end of the foot or leadeil line to the sinker of the first buoy line, and the head or cork line about 6 feet 112 up ; then proceed to lower carefully to the botton, which being reached, pay out the net, keeping it well open, •with the head line highest. An assistant paddles the boat gently away as you pay out. When you have reached the end attach the other buoy line, and lower as before, keeping the net tolerably well strained, but not too much so. A second, and better plan, is the following : — Provide two iron grapnels, to each of which attach 3 or 4 fathoms of li or 2 inch rope. Next take 4 fathoms of rope rather smaller, form a bight in the middle, which con- nect with the end of the rope belonging to the first grapnel, thus leaving two ends of two fathoms long each. Attach one of each of these ends to the head and foot ro]3e of your trammel, and then insert a 6-feet spreader of ash, forked at each end and loaded a little at the bottom. The other grapnel with its rope is fur- nished in the same v;ay. To set the net, you lower the first grapnel, and, as soon as it is in the ground, draw the rope tight and lower your net, keeping it tolerably tight as you lay it down. "When you reach the other end of the net, attach to it the bridles of the other grapnel, insert a similar spreader, and haul upon the bight and grapnel rope until you have strained the net tight. Then, in order to lower the second grapnel, attach a buoy line to one of its hooks, which will not only serve to keep tlie grapnel strained whilst being lowered, but will also act as a tripping line to raise it. By this process the net st;inds up much more firmly than by any other. To raise the net, lift the grapnel by means of the buoy liiie, and as soon as you have got the first end of the net into the boat, take out the sin-eader and close up the net by bringing the head and foot ropes together. All sorts of fish are caught in this net, amongst which arc some of the choicest kinds. It should be set just before sunset, and may be raised two or three hours 113 afterwards, and then put down again and allowed to remain all night. THE OTTER TRAWL, AND HOW TO USE IT. As the value of this portable, convenient, and effective form of net cannot be over estimated, and as Hearder AND Son are not acquainted with any work which affords such particulars respecting the net as would guide the fisherman in the choice of the one best suited to his craft, or instruct him in the mode of using it, they have been induced to offer a few general remarks, which they trust may supply the deficiency. All who use the Otter Trawl agree in awarding to it a vast superiority over the Beam Trawl, for the following reasons : — First, it takes more fish than the Beam Trawl, often in the proportion of two or three to one. On one occa- sion a gentleman writes, " I had an excellent opportunity of trying the 42-feet Otter Trawl I had of you last September, against a Beam Trawl in the hands of a professional fisherman. "We had both 15-ton cutters ; we trawled over equal ground, keeping about 300 yards apart ; we let down and hauled up at the same time. On running alongside the beamer he turned out a fine catch, but we had at least three to one. My men, who have hitherto been prejudiced in favour of the Beam Trawl, arc now quite converted to the Otter." On another occasion he was fishing on the coast of France, where he met with three Beam Trawlers who had arrived with their catches at the snme spot, near about the ssme time. On emptying their nets they were perfectly sur- prised at the excessive quantity taken by his Otter Trawl. When turned out on the deck he says "we were literally knee deej) in fish." 114 Secondly, it occupies less room. A 42- feet Otter Trawl packs with its otter boards in the space of 2 feet 6 inches in length, and about 21 inches in width and depth, whilst the cumbrous beam and iron heads are dispensed with. Thirdly, it requires a smaller boat to tow it. A 45- feet Beam Trawl cannot be well worked by a vessel under 40 tons, whilst a 42-feet Otter Trawl is often worked with a 22 or 24-reet boat, scarcely reuist^ring 7 tons. A gentleman writing from the north of S(;otland, where the coast is rocky, dangerous, and suiiject to sudden and frequent giles, says, *' I was only able to try the trawl yesterday, owing to the windy weather, and even yesterday we had to give it u|) after a very short trial, owing to a furious gale which suddenly sprang up, so that we had difficulty in getting home. I had no difficulty, however, after studying youi' ins' ruc- tions. My boat, which is 25 feet long and Newcastle rig, towed your 42-feet easily without a hitch ; we hauled onlv once, but caught 2 cwt. of fish, principally soles, plaice, &c., some of them very large. 1 never saw a net before, nor never tried ray hand at sea fishing." A boat 10 to 15 tons works it with ease, whilst it is so accommodating in its character that a 50 or 60-toa boat may also be employed for the purpose. A boat that will ojdy tow a 10 or 12-feet Beam Trawl will take a 30-feet Otter Trawl with ease. Fouithly, it can be made of double the dimensions of the largest Beam Trawls, viz., 90-feet mouth, and worked with quite as much ease, and is, therefore, ad- mirably avail aide for yachts of 80 tons and upwards. Fifthly, it accommodates its resistance to the jiower or speed of the vessel tnwing. For instance, if the net be large in proportion to the speed of the towing cnift, the ground ropo bags a little and the otter boards come closer together, thereby lessening the opposed area, and consequently the resistance of the mouth, whilst the 115 corks rise and keep the mouth well open. "When the speed is greater the otter boards fly well open and keep all taut. Sixtlily, if in the case of employing too much power or too high a speed, or fishing in too great a depth of water, there should he a tendency in the net to rise from the ground Heakdeii and Sox have contrived two modes of meeting the dilliculty — First, they give additional weight to the otter boards by providing lead plates, which can be screwed on to the lower parts of their sides ; and secondly they recom- mend the introduction of two or three fathoms of gal- vanized iron chain between the otter boards and the end of the bridle, which, by keeping nearer to the ground, will lessen the angle at which the bridle pulls upon the trawl, and consequently to the same extent prevents the tendency to leave the ground. Seventh, it is much easier to empty its contents, since the otter boards close in together as they come to the surface, and the net comes on board like a bag, without being encumbered with the clumsy beam and irons. manage:ment of the traavl. This is extremely simy^le. As soon as the net is in the water and the boards let down, keeping them a little apart, they take their vertical position, and the resistance of the M'ater, occasioned by the way of the boat, makes them recede from each other as the bridle is let out, and it is interesting to observe them flying off and spreading the net as they go down. Eather a long bridle should be used, say as many fathoms as there are feet ST)read of mouth ; this on the bight will be enough for both spans. Each span should have the twist taken out before shackling on the otters, and the introduction of an ash spreader about 4 or 5 feet Ions:, and a fathom or so from the bight or point of connection with a tow rope, will prevent the spans of the bridles from twisting up together, which new rope is 116 rery apt to do. Should the bridles he too long, they can "be stopped together in any part of their length, and the spreader introduced below the stopping. Some have substituted galvanised iron chain for the foot rope, but have soon resumed the use of the latter, than which, if properly weighted, their is nothing better. It is well to let out the tow rope from the bow, and bring it aft outside, stopping it last on the (quarter in such a way, that should the trawl bring up in a rock or other obstacle the stopping may part, and thereb}' bring the boat's head round to tlie wind, which would prevent damage to the net. Otter Trawls are usually made with meshes much too small, a practice which no one appears to be able to defend, but which is open to many grave objections. The small mesh nets not only get quickly clogged with weed, which makes them drag the bottom and offer undue resistance, which prevents the otters from spread- ing properly, but they cause frightful destruction to small fry. No fisherman ought to wish to retain a fish that would pass through a 24-inch mesh ; and in adopting this size these objections are greatly removed, whilst the efficiency of the net is in no way impaired. Attention must be also paid to the s]ieed at which the net is towed. If too slow the otters have a tendency to approach each other, if too fast the otters and net may rise olf the ground. In this case the otters must be weighted or the speed decreased. Ten to fifteen fathoms is a suitable depth under ordinary circumstances, but beyond this extra weight to the otters is genernlly reipiired. The following remarks, gained from practical expe- rience, may be useful in guiding the fisherman as to the choice of his net. A 16 to 20-ftet sailing boat will tow an Otter Trawl 15 to 25 feet. A 20-feet cul ter, say about 1 tons, will tow an Otter Trawl 25 to 42-1'eet mouth. 117 A cutter 22 to 24 feet, say 5 to 6 tons, will tow an Otter Trawl 36 to 42 feet. Cutters from 10 to 20 tons will tow Otter Trawls from 42 to 60-feet mouth, and 90-feet Otter Trawls are admirably suited for vessels of 80 to 150 tons. FISHING AT GIBRALTAR AND IN THE MEDITERRANEAN. The following remarks may be useful to fishermen visiting the above places. At Gibraltar, Bass are met with in great numbers, and afford excellent sport, either from a boat, or from the rocks with a rod and line. At Europa Point in particular, tliere is s]dendid fishing over the sunken rocks. Boss from 3 to 8 lbs. are readily taken with a spinning rod, 60 or 80 yards of line, and the plano-convex minnow {page 43), or silver spinner (j^age 28). These even surpass, in many cases, the live bait. In using the live bait, however, a peculiar prac- tice prevails, namely, that of blinvling it, either by pricking the eyes or passing the hook through both to prevent his seeing his puisuer. The reason appears to be this — when the bait sees the bass coming, he makes a dart to the surface, and the bass following him sees the line and goes otf, hence the necessity for blinding. The bait generally used is the ox-eyed caekerel, in Spanish, ** boga," hence the commom term bogie. Rangers, Wrasse, and Rock fish are also taken by whiffing and ground lines. Mackerel also pay their annual visits to this locality, and are taken with the usual tackles. The Mediterranean aflords a gieat variety of fishing, both for lines and nets, and Heakder and Son are indebted to the kindness of W. C. P. Medlycott, Esq., F. L. S., an eminent naturalist, residing for many years 118 at Malta, for a copious list of the Mediterranean fish accessible to the fisherman, from which they select a few of those most commonly met with. The Eel and Conger are taken with the ordinary lines and baits. Hake, Whiting, Burbot, and some flat fish inhabit the Mediterranean ; but they are not very common, at least in the vicinity of Malta. The Gurnards, six species, taken in nets and in deep water with bait and in fish pots. Sea Scorpions, allied to the Gurnards, make excellent soup, and are voracious swallowers of live or glittering artificial bait. Bream. Of these fish and their allies there are nume- rous species. Malta enumerates 20 or more ; some are of large size, and nearly all take bait, and are caught with a rod from the rocks with a bit of seaweed (Ulva). They require good and fine tackle. Grey Mullet, 5 or 6 species, all taken in nets, and esteemed market fish. Red IMullet two species, abundant, but seldom taken except in nets. Mackerel, several species, take the usual mackerel baits, and are caught in at)undance in seines. Herring and Sardines are taken in seines. Sea Pike also take spinning baits readily, and are also taken in nets. Varieties of Sliark and Dog-fish, the Angel-fish, Saw- fish, Skates, Rays, and Sun-fish, are also met with. Trawling is difficult in most parts of the Mediterranean, on account of the rocky bottom ; T)ut there are a few sand banks here and there which afford an opportunity for following it. The seines may be used with great advantage in many bays, and also a small seine which is hauled into a boat moored on the shore in sandy patches. The Trammel docs not appear to be much used, but would be extremely efficient, as it can be shot in almost 119 any part of the almost tideless sea when not too rough. Liaes of ail kijius, I'or surface and deep-water fishing, ■with good fme suooding, will at times, and in the proper places, affoid fine sport. Fish and Ciah-pots, or Drum-nets, may he relied on for ensuring a good catch frequently, and many rare species may be obtained in this way, both of fish and cru>0 inches. In spring, whiting are decidedly poor, being in a weak state after spawning. Lings are also caught in this and next month, but they spawn in the spring. 128 LIST FOB THE MONTH. Atherine (smelt)— tub, piper, red gurnard — mackerel, dory — skate, sharp-nosed ray, homelyn ray — sprat, anchovy — eel — ling, cod, whiting haddock, pouting, coal-fish — pike. FEBRUAEY. Dabs are in best condition in February, March, and April. They spawn in May or June. Mackerel now begin to make their appearance, and are in very fine condition. Formerly it was not the practice to seek for mackerel much before March and April on the south-west coast, but of late years the mackerel seiners have commenced their operations much earlier, and have been well rev/arded for their pains. According to the New Salmon Fisheries Act, the fishing for salmon and trout now commences. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Atherine fsmeltj — sprat, anchovy — ling, whiting pouting — dab — mackerel — eel — tub, piper, red gurnard — trout, salmon. MAECH. Mackerel are still becoming more plentiful, and are never better in season than in this month. The mackerel harvest now begins, and tons are weekly sent from the coast of Cornwall to various parts of England. They continue in season until the end of October, and are caught in large numbers by whifiing. In July and August they enter the harbours and hover about the coast until September and October, migrating from place to place. Cougers, which spawn in winter, are now getting in season. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Mackerel — pouting — conger — atherine (smelt) — thorn'jack — anchovy, sprat — dab, turbot, brill — trout, salmon. 124 APEIL. The scad (or horse-mackerel) now makes its jBrst appearance, and is met with nutil the end of September. The turbot and the brill are now with roe and milt, and are accounted best as food at this season, though very good at most others. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Tront, peal, salmon — scad, mackerel — conger eel — atherine (smelt) — thornback — pouting, hake — brill, turbot, dab. MAY. The atherine (smelt) is in roe, and is considered to be best as food now and in June. Wrasses or rock fish of all kinds are in season now and through the summer. Trout and salmon fishing now engross the angler's attention. Peel begin to run up the rivers. The salmon fishing in the North of England still continiies with great energy, and a few salmon enter the rivers on tlie soutli coast, which as a rule, however, contain nothing but fish returning to the sea after spawning, and in a weak, unwholesome state. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Sturgeon — salmon, peel, trout, dory, scad, mackerel — thornback — conger eel — bass, surmullet — launce — pol- lack, hake — atherine (smelt; — wrasses- turbot, brill. JUNE. As the warm weather commences, so general fishing operations keep pace with it. Yachtsmen are on the move, and their trammels, otter trawls, deep-sea lines, mackerel railing, and other appliances are now in re- quisition. Pollack and mackerel whiffing now com- mences, and continues throughout the season. Bass enter harbours and estuaries, and afford splendid fishing 126 with rod and line from boats or headlands throughout the rest of the season. Some of them reach the weight of 20 rbs. Flukes (young flounders) now enter estuaries and afford employment for the fluking-fork. Soles, and nearly all the tribe of flat tish, are now in fine condition, and remain so for several months. Sea bream are good food throughout the summer. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Breams in general — wrasses in general — atherine (smelt) — sturgeon — bass, surmullet — salmon, peel, trout — pilchard — thornback — pollack, hake — mackerel, dory, scad — eel, conger— launce — sole, plaice, turbot, brill, mary-sole, flounders, halibut. JULY. Hake now are plentiful, and they increase as the pilchards arrive, though indiscriminate trawling is fast diminishing their number, as well as that of other sea fish. Skate is now getting in season, but all the rays are best as food at the close of autumn. The pilchard fishery often begins thus early in Cornwall. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Pilchard, hemng — homelyn ray, sharp-nosed ray, skate, thornback — launce — sturgeon — mullet, atherine (smelt) — wrasses in general — breams in general — sur- mullet, bass — pollack, lythe, hake — mackerel, scad, dory — salmon, trout, peel — eel, conger — dab, brill, turbot, sole, mary-sole, halibut, plaice, flounder. AUGUST. The two kinds of mullet are now in great abundance, making their way up estuaries towards the fresh water, and affording capital sport for the stop net. This net is laid down across the tide at high water, and allowed 126 to remain until the tide falls again. As the water area contracts and retreats over the mud, to the limits of the low water channel, the mullet gradually drop hack towards the net, and there collect in thousands. From their active hahits, they are then seen leaping in great numbers, some of the fish often two feet long, over the head of the net ; nevertheless, an immense number are eventually secured, affording a pleasing spectacle from the brilliancy of their scales and the agility of their movements. The mullet continue in season throughout the rest of the year, though they lose some of their flavour towards December, The herring is often on our coast in Jrdy, but the fishery seldom prospers till now ; it continnes to bo an object of great importance to the end of November, and sometimes till December, es- pecially on the eastern coast. Deep sea whiting fishing is now pursued witli great energy, the catches are abundant and the fish very fine. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Bass, surmullet — congor, eel — herring, anchovy, pil- chard — pollack, hake — tnb, piper, red gurnard — wrasses in general — breams in general — sharp-nosed ray, tiiorn- back, skate, homelyn ray — atherine (smelt), mullet — salmon, peel, trout — solo, flounder, plidee, dab, mary- sole, halibut, turbot, brill — dorv, scad — launce. SEPTEMBER. Chad (or young bream) are now taken in great abun- dance by the fisherman, who, with his paternoster line and bit of mudworm, takes them :) or 4 at a time as fast as he can pull tliem in. This month closes salmon fishing, though rods are allowed a month longer. LIST FOn TTIE MONTIT. Sole, flounder, piaioe, dab, mary-sole, halibut, turbot, brill — conger, eel — trout — launce — pollack, coal-fish, 127 lythe, bake, whiting— chad and bream in general — wi-asses in general — bass, surmullet — mullet, atberine — scad, dory — tub, piper, red gurnard — sbarp-nosed ray, skate, homelyn ray- sprat, herring, pilchard, twaite, shad, anchovy. OCTOBEE. Mackerel often reappear in this month ; but having spawned they are very poor. The skate family are all now in good condition, and remain so throughout the year. At the end of the month cod are first in season, having been lean and poor throughout the early part of the year. The " tamlin cod," or " torn cod," is the young of the cod, and when about a foot long is a very dainty dish, and good to the end of the year. The haddock and coal-fish also are now in perfection, and remain so till the end of the year. This month closes salmon fishing with rod throughout the United King- dom, and trout are getting out of season, this being theii- spawning time. LIST FOR THE 3I0NTH. Plaice, sole, flounder, dab, halibut, turbot, brill, mary- sole — mackerel, dory — surmullet — conger — salmon — wrasses generally — tub, piper, red gurnard — whiting, pollack, cod, haddock, coal-fish, hake, homelyn ray, skate, sharp-nosed, ray — launce — pilchard, sprat, her- ring, twaite, shad, anchovy — mullet, atherine (smelt). NOVEMBER. The pouting is in best condition now and in Decem- ber ; but is taken on through the winter months, and in spring when with roe. Pilchards occasionally make their- visit to the shores very late in the year, and thus October and November become at times the season of the seine fishery. The young of pollack, 6 or 8 inches 128 long, are now taken in shoals. Herrings at times visit the coast in great shoals, even late in the month, con- trary to their customary habit of retiring at this time to deep water to spawn. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Anchovy, twaite, shad, herring, sprat, pilchard — the wrasses generally — tub, piper, red gurnard — sole, flounder, dab, plaice, mary-solc, halibut, turbot, brill — dory — surmullet — coal-lish, hake, whiting, cod, had- dock, pouting, ling — atherine (smelt), skate, homelyn ray, sharp-nosed ray. DECEMBER. Mackerel often make their appearance in shoals during this month, being the earliest commencement of the general fishery. Hakes are now in great abundance, prior to retiring to deep water to spawn ; the females are found heavy with roe. LIST FOR THE MONTH. Coal-fish, hake, ling, cod, haddock, pouting, whiting — tub, piper, red gurnard — eel — sprat, pilcJiard, an- chovy — dory, mackerel — atherine (smelt), skate, home- lyn ray, sharp-nosed ray. ^^^mmmmmt;^^^^ ^^Aa'^.^^' A ^ ;; A' ■■• *^ 'Ar:^'y..^ -A ^a^^m'-^^ W^^i r. "^^ ^- :ikm^^.^^'. ^^^A.^'l^g'!''^'^''^'^'^'^'"'^^^^ .^ULHimLUl ;^lft.. ^AAr^^^-^^^.^^^a ..^Akk ^9^8«';s»«v:r, ■r:-f: M^m^