\Si'>. I - - • ' Hal ,lilPP .■"-'•■•:'"■■'.■■■■'■ §»; SjSSfl »| I 'I8P i ■ lilnMP»TTi1TnrBTT1 RULES FOR COMPILING THE CATALOGUES IN THE DEPART- MENT OF PRINTED BOOKS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM; AND BY Longmans & Co., 39 Paternoster Row ; Bernard Quaritoh, 15 Piccadilly ; Asher & Co., 13 Bedford Street, Covent Garden ; K.EGAN Paul, Trench, Trxjbner & Co., Paternoster House, Charing Cross Road, and Henry Frowde, Oxford University PresB Warehouse, Amen Corner, London. 1U00. BULES FOR COMPILING THE CATALOGUES IN THE DEPART- MENT OF PRINTED BOOKS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. (■UNIVERSITY j PRIHTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES, SOLD AT TEE BRITISH MUSEUM; AND BT Longmans & Co., 39 Paternoster Row; Bernard" Quaritch, 15 Piccadilly; Asher & Co., 13 Bedford Street, Covent Garden; Regan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Paternoster House, Cli.iring Cross Road, and Henry Frowdf-, Oxford University Pres3 Warehouse, Aim-u Corner, London. 1900. 1r ^ LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Limited, 3TAMFOED STItEET AND CUAllIN'G CROSS. SUMMAEY. GENERAL CATALOGUE. 1. Nature of the Catalogue. 2. Main - Entries and Cross- References. 3. Contents of a Main-Entry. 4. Headings. (Theses. Cata- logues of Libraries.) 5. Headings with more than one Author's name. 6. Forms of Names in Headings. 7. Latinized Names, etc. 8. Names of Places. 9. Oriental Names. German Names containing modified vowels. Names preceded by a preposi- tion or an article. Compound Surnames. Addi- tional or Substituted Names. Initials. Personal or Christian Names. Abridged Forms of Names. Titles and Epithets. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16. Contents of the Description. 17. Cases in which a book has no titlepage. 18. Or more than one titlepage. 19. Minor Points to be noted in Descriptions. 20. Imprints. 21. P>ooks privately printed or circulated. 22. Notes. 23. Additional Notes to entries of Incunabula. Criti- 24. Various forms of Joint- Authorship. 25. Special headings for certain classes of books. 26. Anonymous Books. 27. Anonymous Replies, cisms, etc. Treatment of derivative names in anonymous books. Books not to be treated as anonymous. Pseudonymous and supposi- titious works. Collections of Laws ; Law Reports, etc. 28 29 30 31 32. Translations. 33. Commentaries. 34. Duplicates and Reissues. 35. Cross-references : first kind. 36. Cross-references : second kind. 37. Cross-references : third kind. 38. General Cross-references. 39. Discretionary Cross-references. CATALOGUE OF MAPS. CATALOGUE OF MUSIC. INDEX. 83456 RULES FOR THE GKENEEAL CATALOGUE. 1. The General Catalogue of Printed Books is Nature of the Catalogue. arranged as a Catalogue of Authors m the alphabetical order of their names, the arrange- ment of entries under each author being also essentially alphabetical. 2. Entries are of two kinds : Main-Entries (1.) Main - Entries, describing ade- References, quately the contents of the books to which they refer. (2. ) Supplementary Entries, in the form of Cross-References, in which part of this information is repeated, so that under the name of each person may be shown, the books he has edited or translated, or which he has written anonymously or in collaboration, or as part of a series or collection, or which have been written about him, as well as those of which he Main-Entries and Cross- References. Contents of a Main-Entry. is the sole and avowed author. Cross- References are also used to point from other forms of a name to the one which is adopted. 3. Main-Entries, of which no Look can have more than one, consist of — (1.) A Heading, giving the name of the author of the book, or such substitute for it as these Rules provide. (2.) A Description of the contents of the book, as far as possible in the words of the titlepage. (3.) A statement (commonly known as the Imprint) as to its place and date of printing, and as to its size. (4.) If necessary, a Note. Headings. 4. The choice of a Heading for a main-entry must be based on the information supplied in print in a perfect copy of the book itself, and on that only. An exception may be made in the case of reprints of recognised classics, where the author's name may be taken as the heading of the main-entry, though it be not given in the book ; e.g., a reprint of the Divina Commedia without the author's name should be catalogued under Dante, and a reprint of Robinson Crusoe under Defoe. But such cases are rare, and very exceptional. Subject to this condition, that the information Headings, must be taken from the book itself, the heading of the main-entry of every book must be the name of its author, except in the case of works published by Learned Societies, and in the other instances of Special Headings cited in Rule 26 ; except also Official Publications, which are to be placed under the name of the authority by which they are issued, and Catalogues of Libraries, Museums, Catalogues of etc., which even if not published by authority, are to be entered under the proper heading of the institution. (See Rule 25 b.) N.B. — Theses when separately catalogued are Theses. to be entered under the name of the Respondent or Defender, unless it be obvious that the Praeses is the author, in which case his name should be taken as the heading. Cross-references are to be made from Praeses to Respondent, or vice versa, only to indicate actual participation in the work. 5. The names of more than one person may only Headings , , -,. . . -. „ " t with more appear m the same heading m the case ot a work than one . . , Author's written by two authors in conjunction without name, specification of the parts written by each ; the names in this case to be entered in the order in which they are given in the book. Example : BEAUMONT (Francis) and FLETCHER (John) The Works of Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher. Headings jr or directions as to the choice of a heading in with more ° than one other cases of joint-authorship, see Eule 24. name. 6. Forms of In the case of Saints the name to be adopted N"iiniGs in. Heading: is the English form of the name by which they Saints, Popes, . . ■ &c. have been canonized ; m the case 01 ropes and Sovereigns the English form of the name which they officially assume, and in the case of Members of such religious orders as discard secular names, the name in religion : the original names of Saints, Popes and Members of Religious Orders being added within brackets. Princes of Sovereign Houses are to be entered under their Christian names only. Peers and Bishops are to be entered under their family names. Examples : FRANCIS [Xavier], Saint. PIUS II., Pope [Enea Silvio Piccolomini]. CHARLES I., King of Great Britain and Ireland. PAOLO, Senita [Pietro Sarpi]. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, Ditlce of Cumberland. CHARLES [de Lorraine], Dulce de Magenne. CHURCHILL (John) Dvhe of Marlborough. TILLOTSON (John) Archbishop of Canterbury. In the case of ancient Greeks and Biblical names the English form is to be preferred. Example : HOMER, not HOMEROS. 7. When an author has always written under a Latinized t ■• • j o - 1 r i • Names, etc. Latinized iorm, or some other variant, oi his name, that form is to be adopted in preference to his vernacular surname. In all other cases, except when the author is invariably known under the Latinized form, the vernacular surname is to be adopted. Examples : ERASMUS (Desiderius) FLACIUS (Matthius) Illyricas. LINNAEUS (Cael) ESTIENNE (Henri) not STEPHANUS (Henricus) 8. Names of places are to be entered in the form Names of in which they are generally known in English. Exam-pies : MUNICH (not Munchen) LEGHORN (not Livorno) RATISBON (not Regensburg) In Oriental names the forms in use in the Oriental Names. various Oriental Catalogues are to be adopted. In German names, or other German words used German names with as headings, in which the letters a, 6, or ii occur, modified . vowels. these letters are to be written ae, oe, and ue respectively. 10. Names pre- In foreign names, excepting French, preceded ceded bv a . . preposition or by a preposition or an article, or both, the an article. . . . , . , , preposition or article is to be regarded as an appendage to the Christian name. Examples : GOETHE (Johann Wolfgang von) COLONNE (Guido delle) CERDA (Martin de la) French names preceded only by a preposition follow the same rule, unless the preposition is invariably written as an inseparable part of the name ; in French names preceded by an article, or by a word composed of a preposition and an article, these prefixes are to be regarded as part of the surname. Examples : DELAVIGNE (Casihir) LATOUR (Antoine de) LE FEVRE (Jacques) DU MOULIN (Pierre) In English surnames of foreign origin beginning with a preposition or article, the preposition or article is to be treated as the beginning of the surname. Examples : DE VERE (Robert) Earl of Oxford. DE LA RUE (James) VAN BUREN (Martin) LE FANU (Joseph Sheridan) 11. Compound surnames, excepting English and Compound -p. , ■. •, -i . •■ . ..- Surnames. Dutch, are to be adopted m their entirety under the initial of the first of them. In compound English and Dutch surnames the last name is to be preferred. Examples : LAMARTINE DE PRAT (Marie Louis ALrnoNSE de) REYNARDSON (Charles Thomas Samuel BiRcn) In the case of authors who change their name, Additional or , , (, , . , i Substituted. or add to it a second, alter having begun to pub- Names. lish under the first, the heading is to consist of the original name followed by the word " after- wards " and the name subsequently adopted. Examples : BUTT, afterwards SHERWOOD (Mary Martha) LOCKER, afterwards LOCKER-LA MPS Oft (Frederick) 12. Initials denoting authorship are to be adopted initials. as headings. Where they represent the name of a person the last letter is to be taken as representing a surname, unless the typography or evidence from the book itself shows that the surname is represented by one of the preceding letters. Epithets which accompany an initial are to be retained in the heading. Initials. Examples : E., A. L. 0. Hours with Orientals. By A. L. 0. E. [i.e. A Lady of England, Miss Charlotte Tucker.] C, J., D.D. The Weaver's Pocket-book. ... By J[ohn] C[ollinges], D.D. Personal or Christian names. 13. Personal or Christian names are to be printed in full in their vernacular form when possible. Abridged forms of names. 14. An abbreviated form of a surname should be printed in full.* When an author uses a Christian name only, this name is to be taken as the heading, the surname, when known, being added in brackets. 15 Examples : a LUTHER (Martin) Ein brieff. D. Mart. Luth. "CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH [Phelan, afterwards Tonna]. Titles and Epithets. 15. Titles of Honour, both Civil and Ecclesiastical, of all degrees from those of Knight and Dean upwards, are to be expressed in the heading according to the following forms : Examples of English Titles : Cardinal. POLE (Reginald) Cardinal, Archbishop of Titles and ~ . , Epithets. Canterbury. Archbishop. PARKER (Matthew) Archbishop of Canterbury. Duke. HOWARD (Thomas) Duke of Norfolk. Marquis. GRAHAM (James) 1st Marquis of Montrose. Earl. STANHOPE (Philip Dormer) Earl of Chester- field. Viscount. SAINT JOHN (Henry) Viscount Bolingbroke. Bishop. BUTLER (Joseph) successively Bishop of Bristol and of Durham. Baron. MACAULAY (Thomas Babington) Baron Macaulay. Privy Councillor. PITT {Right Hon. William) Baronet. SCOTT {Sir Walter) Bart. Knight. LANDSEER {Sir Edwin) Son^of Duke or Marquis. GORDON {Lord George) Daughter of Duke, Marquis, or Earl. STANHOPE {Lady Hester Lucy) Younger Son of Earl, or Son of Viscount or Baron. WLNGFIELD {Hon. Lewis Strange) Daughter of Viscount or Baron. RUSSELL {Hon. Harriet) Wife of younger Son of Duke or Marquis. CAMPBELL (Elizabeth) Lady John Campbell. Wife of younger Son of Earl, or of Son of Viscount or Baron. MONTAGUE (Margaret) Hon. Mrs. Charles Montague. Wife of Baronet or Knight. SMITH (Pleasance) Lady. Dean. SWIFT (Jonathan) Dean of St. Patrick's. Foreign titles, as far as possible, are to be treated in the same way. Other titles or epithets are, as a rule, to be added only when necessary to distinguish between persons of the same surname and Christian name. 16. Contents The Description of a book must show ade- Description. quately all that it contains and give all necessary information as to editors, translators and writers of supplementary or subordinate parts. The name of the author, if given already in the heading, is not to be repeated, except for the sake of clearness. If a book cannot be adequately described from the titlepage alone, the description must be sup- plemented from the body of the book, or from the Cataloguer's own information. Words taken from the body of the book to be enclosed in parentheses ( ) ; words supplied by the Cataloguer in brackets ]. An omission from the titlepage to be marked thus . . . , or if at the end of the description by an etc. 17. Cases in In the description of early books (i.e. those has no title- printed before or shortly after 1500) which have no titlepage, the first few words of the book are to be quoted, preceded by the abbreviation Begin., and the contents of the book, where necessary, further described by quotations taken preferably from the heading of the first chapter, or other divisions, and from the colophon. Where the last words of the book are quoted they should be preceded by the word End, and to every quotation the number and side of the leaf on Cases in , . , • , . -i n i which a book which it occurs must be prefixed. has no titio- The same method is to be followed, as far as pa ' necessary, where the titlepage gives only the short title of the book. In later books which have no titlepage, the description may be taken from the short title usually found either before the beginning of the text or at the top of each page. Where no title of any kind occurs the Cataloguer must describe the book in his own words between brackets. Where the absence of a titlepage is due to imperfection, and the wording of it is known from another copy, the description is to be taken from any trustworthy record of such other copy, but is to be enclosed between brackets. Example : SAVONAROLA (Girolamo) [Letters.'] Begin, [fol. 1 recto :] Frate Hieronymo da Ferrara seruo lutile di Iesu Xpo a tutti li electi di Dio & figluoli del padre eterno, etc. [fol. 5 verso :] Epistola ... a certe p-one diuote pseguitate p la verita da lui predicata. [fol. 8 verso ] Epistoletta di Fra Hiero. a uno suo familiare. [fol. 10 recto :] Queste sono dieci regole da obseruare al tempo delle gradi tribula- tioni, etc. [Followed by other letters. — With woodcuts.] \_Bartolommeo de 1 Libri : Florence,'] 1497. 4. 40 leaves, without titlepage or pagination. Sig. a-f, in eights, except b, e, sixes, and f, four leaves. 28 lines to a page. Or has more than one titlepage. 18. "When a book possesses more than one title- page the description is to be taken, as a rule, from that which gives the fullest information. In the case of polyglott books, with titles in different languages, the first titlepage is to be preferred, the existence of a second (or third) being indicated by the quotation of the first few words. When the book is in a different language from the titlepage, or in more languages than the titlepage indicates, the language or languages are to be noted. 19. Minor points At the end of the Description information is descriptions, to be given as to any of the following particulars which apply to the book : (1.) In the case of an English book, its being printed in Black Letter (signified by b.l.) ; in the case of a foreign book, not either German, Scandinavian, or Dutch, its being printed in Gothic Letter (G.L.). (2.) The number of volumes forming the book ; or, if there be only one volume, the number of numbered pages ; or, if it be divided into distinct, parts, the number of parts. N.B. — A book is divided into parts by the beginning of a new pagination, supplemented either by a fresh numera- Minor points .. r ,i i i i ,i • , • n to be noted in tion oi the sheets or by the insertion oi descriptions. half-titles. (3.) In stating the number of parts or volumes the terms used in the book itself (volume, tome, Theil, Abtheilung, fasciculus, etc.) are to be adopted and written with the usual abbreviations. (4.) The fact of the book being printed on vellum, or (if there be also an edition on small or ordinary paper) its being printed on Large or Fine paper (l. p., f. p.). (5.) The addition of manuscript notes : — This to be shown by the words MS. notes, with few or copious prefixed, if applicable, and, when known, the addition in brackets of the name of the writer. 20. The place at which a book has been published imprints. is to be stated in italics, and is to be preceded in the case of all English books, and of foreign books printed before 1600, by the name of the publisher, also in italics. In English books before 1640, and in foreign books before 1540, the name of the printer, when known, is to be added as well. In later books the place of printing and the printer's name are to be given only when important. Under " English " books C imprints. are included all books printed in England, in whatever language, and all books in the English language wherever printed. The year of publication is to be given in Arabic numerals, the month and day being added only when of historical interest, or necessary to distinguish different editions, or to avoid con- fusion from the different dates at which the beginning of the year was reckoned. The information is to be given as far as possible in the form used in the book itself, but Eoman numerals may only be reproduced where a mis- print is suspected. Greek and oriental numerals may be reproduced at the Cataloguer's discretion, the date in ordinary notation being then added in brackets, which are also to be used for all information not derived from the book. When the year of publication is not stated in the book itself, it is to be supplied in all cases as accurately as possible. The date of publication is to be followed by an indication of the size of the book (folio, quarto, octavo, etc. ). In the case of early books the size is to be noted from the position of the wire- marks in the paper (perpendicular in folio and octavo, horizontal in quarto and sextodecimo), showing how it has been folded ; in the case of modern books, from the number of leaves in a sheet, taken in conjunction with its measurement. 21. The words Printed for the Author, when occur- Books ring in a book, are to be taken in preference to printed or the name of the printer or seller, these being added only if of interest ; the words Printed for private circulation to be taken in like manner, but the name of the printer, press, or agent may be taken with them, if it occurs conspicuously on the titlepage ; the words Privately printed, when used for a book printed at a private press, are to be always supplemented by the name of the press or printer. 22. Information as to points (other than those Notes. specified in Rule 19) which relate only to the particular copy of a book catalogued should be stated in a footnote, unless of a nature requiring a cross-reference, when the information must be added to the Description. The following are proper subjects for notes : imperfections, the presence of cancelled leaves or inserted matter, peculiarities of arrangement, or other differences from other copies, the fact of the book forming part of an edition of which not more than 100 copies were printed, or of its being printed on any unusual material, or of its having belonged to any person of eminence (especially if it be marked with his autograph, book-plate or book-stamp), or of its being in an exceptionally fine binding. c 2 Additional Notes to Incunabula. 23. In cataloguing books printed in the 15 th century in addition to, and preceding, notes of any of the above particulars which may be applicable, a short collation of the book is to be given, noting the following points : (a) Number of leaves ; (J>) absence of titlepage, printed signatures, or pagina- tion ; (c) the sequence of signatures (when printed) and the number of leaves in each ; (d) arrangement of text in double columns ; (e) number of lines in a full page or column of print ; (/) occurrence of blank leaves. N.B. — A copy is not to be called imper- fect because one or more blank leaves are wanting, but their absence is to be noted. For example see Eule 17. Various forms of Joint- Authorship. 24. (a) Books written in conjunction by two authors without specification of the parts written by each are to be entered under the names of both authors conjointly in accordance with Rule 5. Where more than two authors have collaborated in this manner the name of the first only is to be taken as the heading. Example : SCRIBE (Augustin Eugene) Marie Jobard, imi- tation burlesque, par Scribe, Dupin et Carmouche, etc. Paris, 1S20. 8°. (b) Books, or series of books, made up of Various forms of joint- separate works by more than two authors, when Authorship. published under a collective title, are to be entered under the name of the editor ; if there is no editor the collection is to be treated as anonymous, and the heading taken, according to the rules for anonymous books, from the collective title. (c) Books containing, in addition to the work of the main-author, subsidiary parts by other writers, are to be entered under the main-author only, the subsidiary parts, when not covered by the general title, unless too numerous or unimportant, being noticed in accordance with Rule 16 ; and in all other cases any important contributions to a book due to any writer other than the one whose name is taken as the heading, are to be specified in the Description of the book and cross-references written in accordance with Rule 37. 25. (a) The Old and New Testament and their Special component parts, in whatever language, are to f or Various be entered under the general heading Bible, with Books/ ° the addition of sub-headings for the separate books or groups of books and for the two Testa- ments. Anonymous Commentaries, etc., are to be entered under the heading Bible. — Appendix. (b) Works officially published, not merely Special Headings for Various Classes of Books. subsidised, by Learned Societies are to be entered under the general heading Academies, etc., followed by the name of the town or country in which the Society holds its meetings, and the name of the Society. Institutions other than Learned Societies are to be entered under the name of the town or country where they are situated, followed by the name of the institution as a sub-heading. (c) Reviews, magazines, newspapers, journals, gazettes, annuals, and all other works of a similar character are to be entered under the general heading Periodical Publications, followed by the name of the place of publication. (d) All almanacs, calendars, etc., are to be entered under the general heading Ephe- merides ; anonymous catalogues, not containing the name of any institution or other owner, under Catalogues ; anonymous dictionaries (including lexicons and vocabularies) of any description except encyclopaedias, under Dic- tionaries ; encyclopaedias, even when containing the name of their editor, under Encyclopaedias ; all directories in the same manner under Directories. (e) All Orders of Divine Service put forth by authority, such as Missals, Breviaries, Horae, the Book of Common Prayer, the Agenda of the Lutheran Churches, etc., and their component parts, are to be entered under the general heading Liturgies. Hymns, unless appropriated to particular special offices, or forming part of the Liturgies of for Various foreign Lutheran and Calvinistic Churches, and Books. metrical paraphrases of the Psalms, although set forth or adopted by authority, are not to be treated as Liturgies, but to be entered under the name of their compilers, or if anonymous, under the general heading Psalms and Hymns. (/) All editions of the ' De Imitatione Christi,' whether attributed to Thomas a Kempis or to any other author or anonymous, are to be entered under the heading Jesus Christ, with the sub-heading De Imitatione Christi. 26. In the absence of declared authorship, the Anonymous heading is to be chosen according to the following rules taken consecutively : (a) Books concerning a person (real or fictitious) named, or adequately described on the titlepage, are to be entered under his name. Examines : SPINOZA (Benedictus de) An account of the life and writings of Spinosa. To which is added an abstract of his Theological Political Treatise, etc. pp. 16. W. Boreham : London, 1720. 8°. SHARP (John) Archbishop of York. The B p of York's Speech to the House of Lords, relating to Dr. Sacheverel's Articles of Impeachment. W. Garnet: London, 17 10. s. sh. fol. Anonymous SPRAT (Jack) The Life of Jack Sprat, his Wife Books, and his Cat. pp. 1G. J. Evans .- London, [1810 ?] 32°. (b) Those concerning a collective body or institution are to be entered under the name of such body or institution. Examples : LONDON.— Calves-Head Club. Dialogue between a Dissenting Minister and the Calves-Head Club, etc. Reprinted at Dublin, 172 1. s. sh. fol. SPITALFIELDS WEAVERS. Distresses of the Spitalfields Weavers. [An appeal.] \_London, 1792 ?] s. sh. fol. (c) Those concerning a place, or an object bearing a proper name (e.g. a ship), are to be entered under the name of such place or object. Example : SPERANZA, Yacht. The Log of the " Speranza," 100 ton yawl. [With illustrations.] pp. 108. Edward Jones : London, 1887. 8°. Where the foregoing rules (a-c) do not apply, the heading is to be (d) the name of a person or place forming a necessary part of the title, except when merely indicating a period. Exanyiles : DICKENS (Chaeles) Report of the dinner given to Charles Dickens in Boston, pp. 68. Boston [Mass.}, 1842. 8°. LONDON. Statistics as to the religious condition of London, Anonymous ascertained by inquiries in connexion with the Bishop of London's Fund, etc. London, 1864. 8°. Exception : HISTORY. A History of Painting from Fra Angelico to Velasquez, pp.482. London, 1806. 8°. (e) or, the first substantive in the title of the book. Examples : BOOK. A first Book on Algebra, pp. 83. London, 1837. 16°. ART. Le livre intitule Tart de bien mourir, etc. Antoine Verard: Paris, 1492. fol. (/) or, the first word other than an article. Examples ; HOW. How will it end. A novel. By the author of " Willy Morgan." 2 vol. London, 1818. 8°. JUST. Just as I am. A novel. By the Author of " Lady Audley's Secret." 3 vol. London, 1880. 8°. WHAT. What are we going to fight for ? This question considered, etc. Darlington, [1878.] 8°. When the name of the author of an anonymous book can be discovered it should be inserted in the body of the entry between brackets. Anonymous Keplies, &c. Treatment of derivative names in anonymous books. 27. As exceptions to Kule 26, anonymous replies, comments, parodies, dramatisations, etc., which have no independent title, but only one that indicates the work upon which they are founded, are to be entered under the heading proper to the latter. Example : LETTER. An answer to a Letter to a late noble commander of the British Forces, etc. London, 1759. 8°. 28. A compound expression formed with an adjective derived from a proper name is in general to be taken as a heading equally with the name from which it is derived, such ex- pressions, when in a foreign language, being translated into English* ; but the proper name itself may be substituted for the derivative in order to bring the entry under a larger heading. The names of scientific systems and mere technical terms are to be rejected b . Examples : TRENCH CEREMONIAL. Projet du nouveau ceremonial francos, pp. 38. Paris, 1746. 4°. R FRANCE.— Army. L'Armee francaise et ses drapeaux. pp. 63. Paris, 1852. 12°. b DOCTRINE. The Doctrine of the Sphere, grounded on the motion of the earth and the antient Pythagorean or Copernican system, pp. 3G0. London, 1680. 4°. 29. Where for the name of an author there is Books not to substituted an official designation or description anonymous. sufficiently clear to render his identity unmistak- able, the book is not to be regarded as anonymous, but entered under the name of the author. Where an author, while concealing his identity, writes under a general name derived from any office, profession, party or qualification, the name so assumed is to be treated as a real name and taken as a heading. Books in which the author designates himself merely by a descriptive phrase or circumlocution are to be treated as anonymous. Examples : A book entitled " The Secret of England's Greatness," stated to be " A speech by the Chancellor of the Exchequer," should be entered under the name of the author as a matter of common knowledge ; if stated to be " By a Merchant," under the name " Merchant " ; but if " By a Merchant of London," it should be treated as anonymous and entered under England. 30. Fictitious names assumed by authors in order p 8 eudony- to conceal their identity are to be treated as supposititious real names, with the addition to the heading of the abbreviation pseud., followed by the real name of the author within brackets. Works falsely attributed in their title to a particular person are to be entered under the Pseudony- name of this person, the name of the real author, Supposititious when known, being supplied in brackets. The entry of the book is to be separated from entries of the genuine productions of the asserted author by the sub-heading [Supposititious Works] or [Appendix], or in some other convenient way. Collections of Laws, Law Reports, etc. 31. Collections of the Laws and other public docu- ments of a State are to be entered under the name of the State. Separate Laws, Proclamations, etc. , under the name of the State, with the sub- heading of the supreme authority which sanc- tions them. Reports of civil actions are to be entered under the name of the plaintiff, with a cross-reference from that of the defendant ; reports of criminal trials under the name of the prisoner. A cross- reference is to be made from the name of the reporter when given. . Translations. Translations without name of original author. 32. Translations which contain the name of the author of the work from which they are trans- lated must be entered under the name of the original author. Except in the case of recognized classics (see Rule 4), translations into verse which do not contain the name of the original author are to be treated as original works. Translations in prose may be treated at discretion in the same way, Translations but when the title of the original is closely of original followed they should be entered under the head- ing which would be chosen for anonymous editions of the original work, in order that all such versions may be brought together. But when- ever the main entry of a translation is under any other heading than the name of the author of the original work, a cross-reference is to be made from the author in accordance with Rule 36. 33. Commentaries accompanied by the full text Commen- of the work commented on are to be treated as editions of the work, except when the text is distributed through the Commentary in such a manner as not to be readily distinguished from it, or is of insignificant bulk as compared with the Commentary ; in these cases the work should be catalogued under the name of the Commentator. Editions of Acts of Parliament, or of separate Laws of any country, with a Commentary are to be entered under the author of the Com- mentary. 34. A duplicate when retained in the Library is Duplicates to be catalogued as [Another copy], followed, in the case of accessions, by so much of the title as is necessary to identify the book of which it Duplicates and Reissues. is a duplicate. When the text of the book is a duplicate, but the copies differ in the titlepage or supplementary matter, these differences are to be shown after the words [Another copy] ; or, if this is inconvenient, in a note. Later issues printed from the same setting up of the type, or stereotyped reprints, are to be catalogued in the same manner as duplicates with the words [A reissue] instead of [Another copy]. Cross- references. 35. Cross-references are mainly of three kinds : ( 1 . ) References from Alternative Forms of the same Heading. (2.) References from Alternative Head- ings for the same entry. (3.) Subordinate or supplementary entries for the same work. Cross- references : first kind. Cross-references of the first kind are to be made : (1.) From any alternative, incomplete, inaccurate or foreign form of a name, used in the book, to the form adopted for the heading. Examples : LUT. (Mae.) See Luther (Martin) SAINT DAVIDS, William, Bishop of. See Laud. BARTAS (Guillaume de Saluste du) See Saluste du Bartas. HOLTA T BAND (Claudius) See Desainliens (C.) Cross- MttNCHEN. See Munich. Sm^T ORTULUS. See Hoetulus. rs in ' (2.) From the name of any institution or periodical, etc., to any larger heading under which it is entered. Examples : BRITISH MUSEUM. See Academies, etc.— London. GEORGE HERIOT'S HOSPITAL. See Edinburgh. — George Heriofs Hospital. ACTA ERUDITORUM. See Periodical Publica- tions. — Leipsic. 36. Cross-references of the second kind are to be Cross- references : made : second kiud. (1.) Where a book is entered under any heading other than the name of the author, from the name of the author to this heading : (2.) To a heading consisting of initials or a descriptive name, from the heading under which the book w r ould have been catalogued if the initials or descriptive name had been absent. These cross-references must contain an ade- quate description of the book, omitting details as to its pagination, etc., but stating its date and size ; the whole of the information to precede the reference. Examples : Cross- BARGRAVE (Isaac) secondklnd A Sermon a ga inst Self-Policy, etc. [By I. Bargrave.] [1624.] 4°. See Sekmon. SHADOWS. Shadows of Slum Life. By E. M. M. 1889. 8°. See M., E. M. 37. Crosg - Cross-references of the third kind are to be references : third kind. made : (a) From the names of editors, trans- lators, subjects of biographies, authors of books criticized, etc. ; also, if advisable, from writers of prefaces and introductions, illustrators, authors of MS. Notes, etc. In these cross-references the reference is to be followed by so much of the description of the book as may be necessary to show the reason why they are made, together with its date and size. Cross-references from the second of two joint-authors to the double heading con- taining both names generally follow this form ; but the title of the book with its date and size may precede the reference if this is more convenient. Examples : MALONE (Edmond) See Boswell (James) the Elder. The Life of Samuel Johnson, etc. [Edited by E. Malone.] 1804. 8°. CARY (Heney Francis) See Dante Alighieri. Cross- [Divina Commedia. — Inferno.'] The Vision of references: Hell . . . Translated by H. F. Cary. 1866. fol. third kin