"Tr * T&" 
 
7 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Professor W.A.Setchell 
 
 University of California Berkeley 
 
 
1 
 

 
 

 
 
THE 
 
 COMPLETE HERBAtr 
 
 TO WHICH IS NOW ADDED, UI'WAHDS Of 
 
 ONE HUNDRED ADDITIONAL HERBS, 
 
 WITH A L'lSl'LAY Of THX1K 
 
 iMrturmal an& (Dcciilt Qualities 
 
 PHYSICALLY APPLIED TO 
 
 THE CURE OF ALL DISORDERS INCIDENT TO MANKIND: 
 
 TO WHICH ABE NOW JIEST ANNEXED, THE 
 
 ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLAKGED, 
 
 AND 
 
 KEY TO PHYSIC. 
 
 WITH 
 
 RULES FOR COMPOUNDING MEDICINE ACCORDING TO THE TRUE SYSTEM OF NATURE. 
 
 FORMING A COMPLETE 
 
 FAMILY DISPENSATORY AND NATURAL SYSTEM OF PHYSIC. 
 
 BY NICHOLAS CULPEPER, M.D. 
 
 1O WHICH IS ALSO ADDED, 
 
 UPWARDS OF FIFTY CHOICE RECEIPTS, 
 
 BEEXCTED TOOH THE ADTBOE's LAST LEfiACI TO HIS WIFE. 
 
 A NEW EDITION, 
 WITH A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL DISEASES TO WHICH THE HUMAN BODY IS LIABLE, 
 
 AND A GENERAL INDEX. 
 Illustrated by Engravings of numerout British Herbs and Plants, correctly coloured from nature. 
 
 " The Lord hath created Medicines out o{ the earth ; and he that is wise will not abhor them." Etc. zzxviii. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 THOMAS KELLY, 17, PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
 MDCCCL. 
 
LONDON ; 
 
 A. CBOSS, PRINTER, 89, PAUL STBEET, 
 FIN8BURY. 
 
Agrirn on.y 
 
 . \inui-a Dulris ,./ Bitli-r 
 
 \ 1 1 1 ; i ; a in 1 1 1 1 s 
 
 
Avon s 
 
 Ar s sin ;i r! 
 
 Basil 
 
 Arc ban jrel 
 
 Bi-i-t s 
 
 
 
Bird's Foot 
 
 Bishop's Weed 
 
 Bistort or Siial<i--\\-< -v<\ 
 
 "White Brioxiy 
 
 H o ra o 
 
 Br o o]tlin 
 
 Urn nk 1 ; i s in < 
 
 , DON. 
 
I' I. ATE 4 
 
 Bur do <. 
 
 Wall Busies s 
 
 Camomile 
 
 Carrawav 
 
 ' ' i- n 1 11 ti i-\- 
 
 IV i I il ' .. 
 
 < ' < I .mil i 11 < 
 
 THOMAS K I-. i.i.N . LONDON. 
 
Chervill 
 
 sfool 
 
 Coin i'rv 
 
 (' ra hs (laws 
 or I'rcsh w;u<T Soldier 
 
 Cleave is 
 
 i <> \\ x ] i [ j 
 
 Shrill. ' in i|Hr loj I 
 
 
 
PL \TF. 6. 
 
 Cio-wfoot 
 
 Cuclco'w Point 
 
 Water Cress 
 
 ( mlweed 
 
 - 
 
 Crosswort 
 
 Dill 
 
 1) a i s v 
 
 Devil I , 
 
Eringc 
 
 I''. I << a tupaiie 
 
 Dork 
 
 Drag- oiis 
 
 Dog-'s l -r;i s s 
 
 
 fool 
 
 
I' LATE 
 
 Foxglove 
 
 Flower - de -luc e 
 
 Figwort 
 
 Fleawort 
 
 Fumitorv 
 
 Tluelliu 
 
 
 I'l .. S IS I 
 
 Fevprf'r-iv 
 
PLATE 9, 
 
 Wall Hawkweed. 
 
 Harts Tojngue 
 
 Mouse-ear 
 
 Gentian. 
 
 Golden .Rod . 
 
 Galhrg-al . 
 
 -.11, f I'.VW I 
 
 ( )i DU iiilsrl 
 
 ( ' '1-111,1 nili-r 
 
 WDON. 
 

 Longrooted Hawlcweed 
 
 Hearts Ease 
 
 riotmds To 
 
 Herh Robert - 
 
 Marsh. Pennywort 
 
 White HorehotmcL 
 
 H ' n \> ;\ i 
 
 I MM' !<} V f 
 
 , ; r k 
 
 ,s K!-. LtY, ' 
 
I . it (K's >1 ;l n I I (' 
 
 ; , ;i i ! v s 1 1 1 o c k 
 
 ,' 1 
 
 
 \\.,, t 
 
 I .ils r>l I I,.- \';i ||, - v 
 
I'J.ATK IV 
 
 L \ULgvro i 1 1 
 
 . . t ) v a g e 
 
 Loosestrife or Wood. 
 
 
 . Madder 
 
 M a r s ji Ma 1 lo \v 
 
 I I 111 
 
 
 M ;i N i IT u or i 
 

* ? 
 
 \!o u s /'.a ] 
 
 Mouse Kar 
 
 IK- v w or i 
 
 k Mullrju 
 
 o t lire \vor i 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 -r 
 
 -. 
 
 ; 
 
 \Vhili- Mullein 
 
i-I. \ 
 
 cie 
 
Lit or v of tin- \\'M II 
 
 I J t i i \v i 1 1 k I c - 
 
 Pep pc r-^vnj- t 
 
 I * 1 ; v i it i \ i t i 
 
 i' i- imi 
 
IM.ATK 1C, 
 
 Privet 
 
 Queen of tile Me ado 
 
 Mcadow Rue 
 
 Cress Rocket 
 
 Rattle Grass 
 
 Roctet Cress 
 
 K.-I pi ii r c- Wur I 
 
PI. A I 
 
 Meadow Saxifrage 
 
 Great Satiicle 
 
 Saraptiir e 
 
 Garden Sc\irvygras 
 
 Sc abious 
 
 SHepterds Purse 
 
 S .. I rl . f (I N C'Ult't HlIl'J 
 
 SI-IT 
 
 Mi M 1 1 c i S. i x if' 
 
 THOMAS K t- '. 1 . 1 . V I . i > N I > < > N 
 
Ye How Siicco rv 
 
 S ol onion's S e a,l 
 
 Wild S u_c c ory 
 
 Wood S orrel 
 
 C oxmnon S orrel 
 
Tr e a c:J.e Mns t ar cl 
 
 !, 
 
 ,. , 
 
 Wild Tea /.N- 
 
 (' <it I u 1 1 'i 1 1 i st 1 r 
 

 Ve r v a i 
 
 Valerian 
 
 Viper's B uglo s s 
 
 Wbad 
 
 Wo ocibine 
 
 Wall Flower 
 
 > in 1 1 i A . 
 
 -.S KK.I.I.V, I.t 
 
CULPEPER'S 
 
 ORIGINAL EPISTLE TO THE READER. 
 
 Notice, That in this Edition I have made very many Additions to every sheet in the 
 J- book : and, also, that those books of mine that are printed of that Letter the small Bibles 
 are printed with, are very falsely . printed : there being twenty or thirty gross mistakes in every 
 sheet, many of them such as are exceedingly dangerous to such as shall venture to use them : And 
 therefore I do warn the Public of them : I can do no more at present ; only take notice of these 
 Directions by which you shall be sure to know the True one from the False. 
 
 The first Direction. The true one hath this Title over the head of every Book, THE COM- 
 PLETE HERBAL AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. The small Counterfeit ones have only thip 
 Title, THE ENGLISH PHYSICIAN. 
 
 The second Direction. The true one hath these words, GOVERNMENT AND VIRTUES, following 
 the time of the Plants flowering, &c. The counterfeit small ones have these words, VIRTUES AND 
 USE, following the time of the Plants flowering. 
 
 The third Direction. The true one is of a larger Letter than the counterfeit ones, which are 
 in Twelves, &c., of the Letter small Bibles used to be printed on. 1 shall now speak something 
 of the book itself. 
 
 All other Authors that have written of the nature of Herbs, give not a bit of reason why such 
 an Herb was appropriated to such a part of the body, nor why it cured such a disease. Truly my 
 own body being sickly, brought me easily into a capacity, to know that health was the greatest of 
 all earthly blessings, and truly he was never sick that doth not believe it. Then I considered 
 that all medicines were compounded of Herbs, Roots, Flowers, Seeds, &<:., and this first set me 
 to work in studying the nature of simples, most of which I knew by sight before ; and indeed 
 all the Authors I could read gave me but little satisfaction in this particular, or none at all. 1 
 cannot build my faith upon Authors' words, nor believe a thing because they say it, and could wish 
 every body were of my mind in this, to labour to be able to give a reason for every thing they 
 say or do. They say Reason makes a man diner from a Beast ; if that be true, pray what are 
 they that, instead of reason for their judgment, quote old Authors'? Perhaps their authors knew 
 a reason for what they wrote, perhaps they did not; what is that to us? Do we know it? Truly 
 in writing this work first, to satisfy myself, I drew out all the virtues of the vulgar or common 
 
iv EPISTLE TO THE READER. 
 
 Herbs, Plants, and Trees, &c., out of the best or most approved authors I had, or could get; and 
 having done so, I set myself to study the reason of them. I knew well enough the whole world, 
 and every thing in it, was formed of a composition of contrary elements, and in such a harmony 
 as must needs show the wisdom and power of a great God. I knew as well this Creation, though 
 thus composed of contraries, was one united body, and man an epitome of it: I knew those 
 various affections in man, in respect of sickness and health, were caused naturally (though God 
 may have other ends best known to himself) by the various operations of the Microcosm ; and I 
 could not be ignorant, that as the cause is, so must the cure be; and therefore he that would 
 know the reason of the operation of the Herbs, must look up as high as the Stars, astrologically. 
 I always found the disease vary according to the various motions of the Stars; and this is enough, 
 one would think, to teach a man by the effect where the cause lies. Then to find out the reason 
 of the operation of Herbs, Plants, &c., by the Stars went I ; and herein I could find but few 
 authors, but those as full of nonsense and contradiction as an egg is full of meat. This not being 
 pleasing, and less profitable to me, I consulted with my two brothers, DR. REASON and DR. 
 EXPERIENCE, and took a voyage to visit my mother NATURE, by whose advice, together with the 
 help of DR. DILIGENCE, I at last obtained my desire ; and, being warned by MR. HONESTY, a 
 stranger in our days, to publish it to the world, I have done it. 
 
 But you will say, What need I have written on this Subject, seeing so many famous and learned 
 men have written so much of it in the English Tongue, much more than I have done ? 
 
 To this I answer, neither GERRARD nor PARKINSON, or any that ever wrote in the like nature, 
 ever gave one wise reason for what they wrote, and so did nothing else but train up young 
 novices in Physic in the School of tradition, and teach them just as a parrot is taught to speak; 
 an Author says so, therefore it is true; and if all that Authors say be true, why do they 
 centradict one another "? But in mine, if you view it with the eye of reason, you shall see a reason 
 for everything that is written, whereby you may find the very ground and foundation of Physic; 
 you may know what you do, and wherefore you do it; and this shall call me Father, it beinj 
 (that I know of) never done in the world before. 
 
 I have now but two things to write, and then I have done. 
 
 1. What the profit and benefit of this Work is. 
 
 2. Instructions in the use of it, 
 
 1. The profit and benefit arising from it, or that may occur to a wise man from it are many ; 
 so many that should I sum up all the particulars, my Epistle would be as big as my Book ; I shall 
 quote some few general heads. 
 
 First. The admirable Harmony of the Creation is herein seen, in the influence of Stars upon 
 Herbs and the Body of Man, how one part of the Creation is subservient to another, and all 
 for the use of Man, whereby the infinite power and wisdom of God in the creation appear; and 
 if I do not admire at the simplicity of the Ranters, never trust me; who but viewing the 
 Creation can hold such a sottish opinion, as that it was from eternity, when the mysteries of it 
 are so clear to every eye ? but that Scripture shall be verified to them, Rom. i. 20 : " The in- 
 ' visible things of him from the Creation of the World are clearly seen, being understood by the 
 
EPISTLE TO THE READER. v 
 
 " things that are made, even his Eternal Power and Godhead ; so that they are without excuse." 
 And a Poet could teach them a better lesson; 
 
 " Because out of thy thoughts God shall not pass, 
 ' ' His image stamped is on every grass." 
 
 This indeed is true, God has stamped his image on every creature, and therefore the abuse 
 of the creature is a great sin ; but how much the more do the wisdom and excellency of God 
 appear, if we consider the harmony of the Creation iri the virtue and operation of every Herb ! 
 
 Secondly, Hereby you may know what infinite knowledge Adar* had in his innocence, that 
 by looking upon a creature, he was able to give it a name according to its nature ; and by know- 
 ing that, thou mayest know how great thy fall was and be humbled for it even in this respect, 
 because hereby thou art so ignorant. 
 
 Thirdly, Here is the right way for thee to begin at the study of Physic, if thou art minded 
 to begin at the right end, for here thou hast the reason of the whole art. I wrote before in 
 certain Astrological Lectures, which I read, and printed, intituled, Astrological Judgment of 
 Diseases, what planet caused (as a second cause) every disease, how it might be found out what 
 planet caused it ; here thou hast what planet cures it by Sympathy and Antipathy ; and this brings 
 me to my last promise, viz. 
 
 Instructions for the right use of the book. 
 
 And herein let me premise a word or two. The Herbs, Plants, &c. are now in the book 
 appropriated to their proper planets. Therefore, 
 
 First, Consider what planet causeth the disease ; that thou mayest find it in my aforesaid 
 Judgment of Diseases. 
 
 Secondly, Consider what part of the body is afflicted by the disease, and whether it lies in 
 the flesh, or blood, or bones, or ventricles. 
 
 Thirdly, Consider by what planet the afflicted part of the body is governed : that my Judgment 
 of Diseases will inform you also. 
 
 Fourthly, You may oppose diseases by Herbs of the planet, opposite to the planet that causes 
 them : as diseases of Jupiter by herbs of Mercury, and the contrary ; diseases of the Luminaries by 
 t'le herbs of Saturn, and the contrary ; diseases of Mars by herbs of Venus, and the contrary. 
 
 Fifthly, There is a way to cure diseases sometimes by Sympathy, and so every planet cures 
 his own disease ; as the Sun and Moon by their Herbs cure the Eyes, Saturn the Spleen, Jupiter 
 the Liver, Mars the Gall and diseases of choler, and Venus diseases in the instruments of Gene- 
 ration. 
 
 NIGH. CULPEPER 
 
 From my House in Spitalfields, 
 next door to the Red Lion, 
 September^, 1663. 
 
TO HIS DEAREST CONSORT 
 
 MRS, ALICE CULPEPER. 
 
 MY DEAREST, 
 
 THE works that I have published to the world (though envied by some illiterate physicians) 
 have merited such just applause, that thou mayest be confident in proceeding to publish anything 
 I leave thee, especially this master-piece : assuring my friends and countrymen, that they will 
 receive as much benefit by this, as by my Dispensatory, and that incomparable piece, called, Semiotica 
 Uranica enlarged, and English Physician 
 
 These are the choicest secrets, which I have had many years locked up in my own breast. I 
 gained them by my constant practice, and by them I maintained a continual reputation in the world, 
 and I doubt not but the world will honour thee for divulging them ; and my fame shall continue 
 and increase thereby, though the period of my Life and Studies be at hand, and I must now bid all 
 things under the sun farewell. Farewell, my dear wife and child ; farewell, Arts and Sciences, which 
 I so dearly loved ; farewell, all worldly glories ; ndieu, readers, 
 
 NICHOLAS CULPEPER 
 
 NICHOLAS CULPEPER, the Author of this Work, was son of Nicholas Culpeper, a Clergyman, and 
 grandson of Sir Thomas Culpeper, Bart. He was some time a student in the university of Cambridge, 
 and soon after was bound apprentice to an Apothecary. He employed all his leisure hours in the 
 study of Physic and Astrology, which he afterwards professed, and set up business in Spitalfields, 
 next door to the Red Lion, (formerly known as the Half-way House between Islington and Stepney, 
 an exact representation of which we have given under our Author's Portrait), where he had conside- 
 rable practice, and was much resorted to for his advice, which he gave to the poor gratis. Astrological 
 Doctors have always been highly respected ; and those celebrated Physicians of the early times, 
 whom our Author seems to have particularly studied, Hippocrates, Galen, and Avicen, regarded 
 those as homicides who were ignorant of Astrology. Paracelsus, indeed, went farther ; he declared, 
 a Phvsician should be predestinated to the cure of his patient ; and the horoscope should be inspected, 
 the plants gathered at the critical moment, &c. 
 
 Culpeper was a writer and translator of several Works, the most celebrated of which is his 
 Herbal, "being an astrologo-physical discourse of the common herbs of the nation ; containing a 
 complete Method or Practice of Physic, whereby a Man may preserve his Body in Health, or 
 cure himself when sick, with such things only as grow in England, they being most fit for English 
 Constitutions." 
 
 This celebrated, and useful Physician died at his house in Spitalfields, in the year 1654. This 
 Book will remain as a lasting monument of his skill and industry. 
 
 Culpeper, the man that first ranged the woods and climbed the mountains in search of medicinal and salutary herbs, has 
 undoubtedly merited the gratitude of posterity." Da. JOHMSOH. 
 
THE 
 
 ENGLISH PHYSICIAN 
 
 ENLARGED. 
 
 AMARA DULCIS. 
 
 pONSIDERING divers shires in this na- 
 *J tion give divers names to one and the 
 same herb, and that the common name 
 which it bears in one county, is not known 
 in another ; I shall take the pains to set 
 down all the names that I know of each 
 herb : pardon me for setting that name first, 
 which is most common to myself. Besides 
 Amara Dulcis, some call it Mortal, others 
 Bitter-sweet ; some Woody Night-shade, 
 and others Felon-wort. 
 
 DescriptJ] It grows up with woody stalks 
 even to a man's height, and sometimes 
 higher. The leaves fall off at the approach 
 of winter, and spring out of the same stalk 
 at spring-time : the branch is compassed 
 about with a whitish bark, and has a pith in 
 the middle of it : the main branch branches 
 itself into many small ones with claspers, 
 laying hold on what is next to them, as 
 vines do : it bears many leaves, they grow 
 in no order at all, at least in no regular 
 order ; the leaves are longish, though some- 
 what broad, and pointed at the ends: many 
 of them have two little leaves growing at 
 the end of their foot-stalk ; some have but 
 one, and some none. The leaves are of a 
 
 pale green colour ; the flowers are of a pur- 
 ple colour, or of a perfect blue, like to vio- 
 lets, and they stand many of them together 
 in knots : the berries are green at first, but 
 when they are ripe they are very red ; if 
 you taste them, you shall find them just as 
 the crabs which we in Sussex call Bitter- 
 sweet, viz, sweet at first and bitter after- 
 wards. 
 
 Place. ,] They grow commonly almost 
 throughout England, especially in moist 
 and shady places. 
 
 Time.'] The leaves shoot out about the 
 latter end of March, if the temperature of 
 the air be ordinary ; it flowers in July, and 
 the seeds are ripe soon after, usually in the 
 next month. 
 
 Government and virtues.~\ It is under 
 the planet Mercury, and a notable herb of 
 his also, if it be rightly gathered under his 
 influence. It is excellently good to remove 
 witchcraft both in men and beasts, as also 
 all sudden diseases whatsoever. Being tied 
 round about the neck, is one of the most 
 admirable remedies for the vertigo or dizzi- 
 ness in the head; and that is the reason (as 
 Tragus saith) the people in Germany com- 
 monly hang it about their cattle's necks, 
 when they fear any such evil hath betided 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 them : Country people commonly take the 
 berries of it, and having bruised them, ap- 
 ply them to felons, and thereby soon rid 
 their fingers of such troublesome guests. 
 
 We have now showed you the external 
 use of the herb ; we shall speak a word or 
 two of the internal, and so conclude. Take 
 notice, it is a Mercurial herb, and there- 
 fore of very subtile parts, as indeed all 
 Mercurial plants are ; therefore take a 
 pound of the wood and leaves together, 
 bruise the wood (which you may easily do, 
 for it is not so hard as oak) then put it in 
 a pot, and put to it three pints of white 
 wine, put on the pot-lid and shut it close; 
 and let it infuse hot over a gentle fire twelve 
 hours, then strain it out, so have you a 
 most excellent drink to open obstructions 
 of the liver and spleen, to help difficulty 
 of breath, bruises and falls, and congealed 
 blood in any part of the body, it helps the 
 yellow jaundice, the dropsy, and black 
 jaundice, and to cleanse women newly 
 brought to bed. You may drink a quarter 
 of a pint of the infusion every morning. 
 It purges the body very gently, and not 
 churlishly as some hold. And when you 
 find good by this, remember me. 
 
 They that think the use of these medi- 
 cines is too brief, it is only for the cheap- 
 ness of the book; let them read those books 
 of mine, of the last edition, viz. Reverius, 
 Veglingus, Riolanus, Johnson, Sennertus, 
 and Physic for the Poor. 
 
 ALL-HEAL. 
 
 IT is called All-heal Hercules's All-heal, 
 and Hercules's Woundwort, because it is 
 supposed that Hercules learned the herb 
 and its virtues from Chiron, when he learn- 
 ed physic of him. Some call it Panay, 
 and others Opopane-wort. 
 
 Descript.'] Its root is long, thick, and 
 exceeding full of juice, of a hot and biting 
 taste, the leaves are great and large, and 
 winged almost like ash-tree leaves, but that 
 
 they are something hairy, each leaf con- 
 sisting of five or six pair of such wings set 
 one against the other upon foot-stalks, broad 
 below, but narrow towards the end; one of 
 the leaves is a little deeper at the bottom 
 than the other, of a fair yellowish fresh 
 green colour : they are of a bitterish taste, 
 being chewed in the mouth ; from among 
 these rises up a stalk, green in colour, 
 round in form, great and 'strong in magni- 
 tude, five or six feet in altitude, with many 
 joints, and some leaves thereat; towards 
 the top come forth umbels of small yellow 
 flowers, after which are passed away, you 
 may find whitish, yellow, short, flat seeds, 
 bitter also in taste. 
 
 Place.'] Having given you a description 
 of the herb from bottom to top, give me 
 leave to tell you, that there are other herbs 
 called by this name; but because they are 
 strangers in England, I give only the de- 
 scription of this, which is easily to be had 
 in the gardens of divers places. 
 
 Time.'] Although Gerrardsaith, that they 
 flower from the beginning of May to the 
 end of December, experience teaches them 
 that keep it in their gardens, that it flowers 
 not till the latter end of the summer, and 
 sheds its seeds presently after. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the 
 dominion of Mars, hot, biting, and choleric; 
 and remedies what evils Mars inflicts the 
 body of man with, by sympathy, as vipers' 
 flesh attracts poison, and the loadstone 
 iron. It kills the worms, helps the gout, 
 cramp, and convulsions, provokes urine, 
 and helps all joint-aches. It helps all cold 
 griefs of the head, the vertigo, falling-sick- 
 ness, the lethargy, the wind cholic, obstruc- 
 tions of the liver and spleen, stone in the 
 kidneys and bladder. It provokes the 
 terms, expels the dead birth : it is excellent 
 good for the griefs of the sinews, itch, stone, 
 and tooth-ache, the biting of mad dogs and 
 venomous beasts, and purges choler very 
 gently. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 3 
 
 ALKANET. 
 
 BESIDES the common name, it is called 
 Orchanet, and Spanish Bugloss, and by 
 apothecaries, Enchusa. 
 
 Descript.] Of the many sorts of this herb, 
 there is but one known to grow commonly 
 in this nation ; of which one take this de- 
 scription : It hath a great and thick root, of 
 a reddish colour, long, narrow, hairy leaves, 
 green like the leaves of Bugloss, which lie 
 very thick upon the ground ; the stalks rise 
 up compassed round about, thick with 
 leaves, which are less and narrower than 
 the former; they are tender, and slender, 
 the flowers are hollow, small, and of a red- 
 dish colour. 
 
 Placed] It grows in Kent near Rochester, 
 and in many places in the West Country, 
 both in Devonshire and Cornwall. 
 
 TimeJ] They flower in July and the be- 
 ginning of August, and the seed is ripe 
 soon after, but the root is in its prime, as 
 carrots and parsnips are, before the herb 
 runs up to stalk. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is an herb un- 
 der the dominion of Venus, and indeed one 
 of her darlings, though somewhat hard to 
 come by. It helps old ulcers, hot inflam- 
 mations, burnings by common fire, and St. 
 Anthony's fire, by antipathy to Mars ; for 
 these uses, your best way is to make it into 
 an ointment ; also, if you make a vinegar 
 of it, as you make vinegar of roses, it helps 
 the morphew and leprosy ; if you apply the 
 herb to the privities, it draws forth the dead 
 child. It helps the yellow jaundice, spleen, 
 and gravel in the kidneys. Dioscorides 
 saith it helps such as are bitten by a veno- 
 mous beast, whether it be taken inwardly, 
 or applied to the wound; nay, he saith fur- 
 ther, if any one that hath newly eaten it, 
 do but spit into the mouth of a serpent, the 
 serpent instantly dies. It stays the flux of 
 the belly, kills worms, helps the fits of the 
 mother. Its decoction made in wine, and 
 
 drank, strengthens the back, and eases the 
 pains thereof: It helps bruises and falls, 
 and is as gallant a remedy to drive out the 
 small pox and measles as any is ; an oint- 
 ment made of it, is excellent for green 
 wounds, pricks or thrusts. 
 
 ADDER'S TONGUE OR SERPENT'S TONGUE. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS herb has but one leaf, 
 which grows with the stalk a finger's length 
 above the ground, being flat and of a fresh 
 green colour ; broad like Water Plantain, 
 but less, without any rib in it ; from the 
 bottom of which leaf, on the inside, rises 
 up (ordinarily) one, sometimes two or 
 three slender stalks, the upper half whereof 
 is somewhat bigger, and dented with small 
 dents of a yellowish green colour, like the 
 tongue of an adder serpent (only this is as 
 useful as they are formidable). The roots 
 continue all the year. 
 
 Place.~\ It grows in moist meadows, and 
 such like places. 
 
 Time.'] It is to be found in May or April, 
 for it quickly perishes with a little heat. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is an herb 
 under the dominion of the Moon and Caii- 
 cer, and therefore if the weakness of the 
 retentive faculty be caused by an evil in- 
 fluence of Saturn in any part of the body 
 governed by the Moon, or under the domi- 
 nion of Cancer, this herb cures it by sym- 
 pathy : Itcures these diseases after specified, 
 in any part of the body under the influence 
 of Saturn, by antipathy. 
 
 It is temperate in respect of heat, but 
 dry in the second degree. The juice of the 
 leaves, drank with the distilled water of 
 Horse-tail, is a singular remedy for all man- 
 ner of wounds in the breast, bowels, or 
 other parts of the body, and is given with 
 good success to those that are troubled 
 with casting, vomiting, or bleeding at the 
 mouth or nose, or otherwise downwards. 
 The said juice given in the distilled water 
 of Oaken-buds, is very good for women who 
 
4 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 have their usual courses, or the whites flow- 
 ing down too abundantly. It helps sore eyes. 
 Of the leaves infused or boiled in oil, om- 
 phacine or unripe olives, set in the sun four 
 certain days, or the green leaves sufficiently 
 boiled in the said oil, is made an excellent 
 green balsam, not only for green and fresh 
 wounds, but also for old and inveterate ul- 
 cers, especially if a little fine clear turpen- 
 tine be dissolved therein. It also stays and 
 refreshes all inflammations that arise upon 
 pains by hurts and wounds. 
 
 What parts of the body are under each 
 planet and sign, and also what disease may 
 be found in my astrological judgment of 
 diseases; and for theinternal workof nature 
 in the body of man; as vital, animal, natural 
 and procreative spirits of man ; the appre- 
 hension, judgment, memory ; the external 
 senses, viz. seeing, hearing, smelling, tast- 
 ing and feeling; the virtuous, attractive, 
 etentive, digestive, expulsive, &c. under 
 the dominion of what planets they are, may 
 be found in my Ephemeris for the year 1651. 
 In both which you shall find the chaff of 
 authors blown away by the fame of Dr. 
 Keason, and nothing but rational truths left 
 for the ingenious to feed upon. 
 
 Lastly. To avoid blotting paper with one 
 thing many times, and also to ease your 
 purses m the price of the book, and withal 
 to make you studious in physic ; you have 
 at the latter end of the book, the way of 
 preserving all herbs either in juice, con- 
 serve, oil, ointment or plaister, electuarv 
 pills, or troches. 
 
 AGRIMONY. 
 
 Descript.] THIS has divers long leaves 
 
 (some greater, some smaller) set upon a 
 
 italk, all of them dented about the edges 
 
 green above, and greyish underneath, and 
 
 Ale hairy withal. Among which arises 
 
 up usually but one strong, round, hairy, 
 
 brown stalk, two or three feet high, with 
 
 smaller leaves set here and there upon it. 
 
 At the top thereof grow many small yellow 
 flowers, one above another, in long spikes; 
 after which come rough heads of seed, hang- 
 ing downwards, which will cleave to ami 
 stick upon garments, or any thing that shall 
 rub against them. The knot is black, long, 
 and somewhat woody, abiding many years,' 
 and shooting afresh every Spring ; which 
 root, though small, hath a reasonable good 
 scent. 
 
 Place.] It grows upon banks, near the 
 sides of hedges. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in July and August, 
 the seed being ripe shortly after. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is an herb 
 under Jupiter, and the sign Cancer ; and 
 strengthens those parts under the planet 
 and sign, and removes diseases in them by 
 sympathy, and those under Saturn, Mars 
 and Mercury by antipathy, if they happen 
 in any part of the body governed by Jupi- 
 ter, or under the signs Cancer, Sagitarius or 
 Pisces, and therefore must needs be good 
 for the gout, either used outwardly in oil or 
 ointment, or inwardly in an electuary, or 
 syrup, or concerted juice: for which see the 
 latter end of this book. 
 
 It is of a cleansing and cutting faculty, 
 without any manifest heat, moderately 
 drying and binding. It opens and clean- 
 ses the liver, helps the jaundice, and is 
 very beneficial to the bowels, healing all 
 inward wounds, bruises, hurts, and other 
 distempers. The decoction of the herb 
 made with wine, and drank, is good against 
 the biting and stinging of serpents, and 
 helps them that make foul, troubled or 
 bloody water. 
 
 This herb also helps the cholic, cleanses 
 the breast, and rids away the cough. 
 A draught of the decoction taken warm be- 
 fore the fit, first removes, and in time rids 
 away the tartian or quartan agues. The 
 leaves and seeds taken in wine, stays the 
 bloody flux ; outwardly applied, being 
 stamped with old swine's grease, it helps 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 old sores, cancers, and inveterate ulcers, and 
 draws forth thorns and splinters of wood, 
 nails, or any other such things gotten in the 
 flesh. It helps to strengthen the members 
 that be out of joint: and being bruised and 
 applied, or the juice dropped in it, helps 
 foul and imposthumed ears. 
 
 The distilled water of the herb is good 
 to all the said purposes, either inward or 
 outward, but a great deal weaker. 
 
 It is a most admirable remedy for such 
 whose livers are annoyed either by heat or 
 cold. The liver is the former of blood, and 
 blood the nourisher of the body, and Agri- 
 mony a strengthener of the liver. 
 
 I cannot stand to give you a reason in 
 every herb why it cures such diseases ; but 
 if you please to pursue my judgment in 
 the herb Wormwood, you shall find them 
 there, and it will be well worth your while 
 to consider it in every herb, you shall find 
 them true throughout the book. 
 
 WATER AGRIMONY. 
 
 IT is called in some countries, Water 
 Hemp, Bastard Hemp, and Bastard Agri- 
 mony, Eupatorium, and Hepatorium, be- 
 cause it strengthens the liver. 
 
 Descript.'] The root continues along time, 
 having many long slender strings. The 
 stalk grows up about two feet high, some- 
 times higher. They are of a dark purple 
 colour. The branches are many, growing 
 at distances the one from the other, the one 
 from the one side of the stalk, the other 
 from the opposite point. The leaves are 
 fringed, and much indented at the edges. 
 The flowers grow at the top of the branches, 
 of a brown yellow colour, spotted with 
 black spots, having a substance within 
 the midst of them like that of a Daisy : If 
 you rub them between your fingers, they 
 smell like rosin or cedar when it is burnt. 
 The seeds are long, and easily stick to any 
 woollen thing they touch. 
 
 Place.'] They delight not in heat, and 
 
 therefore they are not so frequently found 
 in the Southern parts of England as in the 
 northern, where they grow frequently: You 
 may look for them in cold grounds, by ponds 
 and ditches' sides, and also by running 
 waters ; sometimes you shall find them grow 
 in the midst of waters. 
 
 Time.'] They all flower in July or August, 
 and the seed is ripe presently after. 
 
 Government and virtues J] It is a plant of 
 Jupiter, as well as the other Agrimony, only 
 this belongs to the celestial sign Cancer. 
 It heals and dries, cuts and cleanses 
 thick and tough humours of the breast, and 
 for this I hold it inferior to but few herbs 
 that grow. It helps the cachexia or evil 
 disposition of the body, the dropsy and 
 yellow-jaundice. It opens obstructions of 
 the liver, mollifies the hardness of the spleen, 
 being applied outwardly. It breaks impost- 
 humes away inwardly : It is an excellent 
 remedy for the third day ague. It provokes 
 urine and the terms ; it kills worms, and 
 cleanses the body of sharp humours, which 
 are the cause of itch and scabs ; the herb 
 being burnt, the smoke thereof drives away 
 flies, wasps, &c. It strengthens the lungs 
 exceedingly. Country people give it to 
 their cattle when they are troubled with the 
 cough, or broken- winded, 
 
 ALEHOOF, OR GROUND-IVY. 
 
 SEVERAL counties give it different names, 
 so that there is scarcely any herb growing 
 of that bigness that has got so many: It is 
 called Cat's-foot, Ground-ivy, Gill-go-by- 
 ground, and Gill-creep-by-ground, Turn- 
 hoof, Haymaids, and Alehoof. 
 
 Descript.'] This well known herb lies, 
 spreads and creeps upon the ground, 
 shoots forth roots, at the corners of tender 
 jointed stalks, set with two round leaves at 
 every joint somewhat hairy, crumpled and 
 unevenly dented about the edges with round 
 dents; at the joints likewise, with the leaves 
 towards the end of the branches, come forth 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 hollow, long flowers, of a blueish purple 
 colour, with small white spots upon the lips 
 that hang down. The root is small with 
 strings. 
 
 Place.'] It is commonly found under 
 hedges, and on the sides of ditches, under 
 houses, or in shadowed lanes, and other 
 waste grounds, in almost every part of this 
 land. 
 
 Time.~\ They flower somewhat early, and 
 abide a great while ; the leaves continue 
 green until Winter, and sometimes abide, 
 except the Winter be very sharp and cold. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is an herb of 
 Venus, and therefore cures the diseases she 
 causes by sympathy, and those of Mars by 
 antipathy; you may usually find it all the 
 year long except the year be extremely 
 frosty ; it is quick, sharp, .and bitter in taste, 
 and is thereby found to be hot and dry ; a 
 singular herb for all inward wounds, exul- 
 cerated lungs, or other parts, either by itself, 
 or boiled with other the like herbs ; and 
 being drank, in a short time it eases all 
 griping pains, windy and choleric humours 
 in the stomach, spleen or belly ; helps the 
 yellow jaundice, by opening the stoppings 
 of the gall and liver, and melancholy, by 
 opening the stoppings of the spleen ; ex- 
 pels venom or poison, and also the plague; 
 it provokes urine and women's courses ; the 
 decoction of it in wine drank for some time 
 together, procures ease to them that are 
 troubled with the sciatica, or hip-gout : as 
 also the gout in hands, knees or feet ; if 
 you put to the decoction some honey and 
 a little burnt alum, it is excellently good to 
 gargle any sore mouth or throat, and to 
 wash the sores and ulcers in the privy parts 
 of man or woman ; it speedily helps green 
 wounds, being bruised and bound thereto. 
 The juice of it boiled with a little honey 
 and verdigrease, doth wonderfully cleanse 
 fistu.as, ulcers, and stays the spreading or 
 eating of cancers and ulcers ; it helps the 
 itch, scabs, wheals, and other breakings 
 
 out in any part of the body. The juice of 
 Celandine, Field-daisies, and Ground-ivy 
 clarified, and a little fine sugar dissolved 
 therein, and dropped into the eyes, is a 
 sovereign remedy for all pains, redness, and 
 watering of them ; as also for the pin and 
 web, skins and films growing over the sight, 
 it helps beasts as well as men. The juice 
 dropped into the ears, wonderfully helps 
 the noise and singing of them, and helps the 
 hearing which is decayed. It is good to 
 tun up with new drink, for it will clarify it 
 in a night, that it will be the fitter to be 
 drank the next morning; or if any drink 
 be thick with removing, or any other acci- 
 dent, it will do the like in a few hours. 
 
 ALEXANDER. 
 
 IT is called Alisander, Horse-parsley, and 
 Wild-parsley, and the Black Pot-herb; the 
 seed of it is that which is usually sold in 
 apothecaries' shops for Macedonian Pars- 
 ley-seed. 
 
 DescriptJ] It is usually sown in all the 
 gardens in Europe, and so well known, that 
 it needs no farther description. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June and July ; the 
 seed is ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues. ~] It is an herb of 
 Jupiter, and therefore friendly to nature, 
 for it warms a cold stomach, and opens 
 a stoppage of the liver and spleen; it is good 
 to move women's courses, to expel the after- 
 birth, to break wind, to provoke urine, and 
 helps the stranguary; and these things the 
 seeds will do likewise. If either of them 
 be boiled in wine, or being bruised and 
 taken in wine, is also effectual against the 
 biting of serpents. And you know what 
 Alexander pottage is good for, that you 
 may no longer eat it out of ignorance but 
 out of knowledge. 
 
 THE BLACK ALDER-TREE 
 
 Descript.] Tins tree seldom grows to 
 any great bigness, but for the most part 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 7 
 
 abideth like a hedge-bush, or a tree spread- 
 ingits branches, the woods of the body being 
 white, and a dark red colet or heart ; the 
 outward bark is of a blackish colour, with 
 many whitish spots therein ; but the inner 
 bark next the wood is yellow, which being 
 chewed, will turn the spittle near into a saf- 
 fron colour. The leaves are somewhat like 
 those of an ordinary Alder-tree, or the 
 Female Cornet, or Dogberry-tree, called in 
 Sussex Dog-wood, but blacker, and not so 
 long. The flowers are white, coming forth 
 with the leaves at thejoints, which turn into 
 small round berries, first green, afterwards 
 red, but blackish when they are thorough 
 ripe, divided, as it were, into two parts, 
 wherein is contained two small round and 
 flat seeds. The root runneth not deep into 
 the ground, but spreads rather under the 
 upper crust of the earth. 
 
 Placed] This tree or shrub may be found 
 plentifully in St. John's Wood by Hornsey, 
 and the woods upon Hampstead Heath ; as 
 also a wood called the Old Park, in Bar- 
 comb, in Essex, near the brook's sides. 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers in May, and the berries 
 are ripe in September. 
 
 Government and virtuesJ] It is a tree of 
 Venus, and perhaps under the celestial sign 
 Cancer. The inner yellow bark hereof 
 purges downwards both choler and phlegm, 
 and the watery humours of such that have 
 the dropsy, and strengthens the inward parts 
 again by binding. If the bark hereof be 
 boiled with Agrimony, Wormwood, Dodder. 
 Hops, and some Fennel, v/ith Smallage, 
 Endive, and Succory-roots, and a reason- 
 able draught taken every morning for some 
 time together, it is very effectual against 
 the jaundice, dropsy, and the evil disposition 
 of the body, especially if some suitable 
 purging medicines have been taken before, 
 to void the grosser excrements : It purges 
 and strengthens the liver and spleen, 
 cleansing them from such evil humours and 
 hardness as they are afflicted with. It is 
 
 to be understood that these things are per- 
 formed by the dried bark ; for the fresh 
 green bark taken inwardly provokes strong 
 vomitings, pains in the stomach, and grip- 
 ings in the belly ; yet if the decoction may 
 stand and settle two or three days, until the 
 yellow colour be changed black, it will not 
 work so strongly as before, but will strengthen 
 the stomach, and procure an appetite to 
 meat. The outward bark contrariwise doth 
 bind the body, and is helpful for all lasks 
 and fluxes thereof, but this also must be 
 dried first, whereby it will work the better. 
 The inner bark thereof boiled in vinegar is 
 an approved remedy to kill lice, to cure the 
 itch, and take away scabs, by drying them 
 up in a short time. It is singularly good to 
 wash the teeth, to take away the pains, to 
 fasten those that are loose, to cleanse them, 
 and to keep them sound. The leaves are 
 good fodder for kine, to make them give 
 more milk. 
 
 If in the Spring-time you use the herbs 
 before mentioned, and will take but a hand- 
 ful of each of them, and to them add an 
 handful of Elder buds, and having bruised 
 them all, boil them in a gallon of ordinary 
 beer, when it is new ; and having boiled 
 them half an hour, add to this three gallons 
 more, and let them work together, and drink 
 a draught of it every morning, half a pint 
 or thereabouts ; it is an excellent purge for 
 the Spring, to consume the phlegmatic 
 quality the Winter hath left behind it, and 
 withal to keep your body in health, and 
 consume those evil humours which the heat 
 of Summer will readily stir up. Esteem it 
 as a jewel. 
 
 THE COMMON ALDER-TREE. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS grows to a reasonable 
 height, and spreads much if it like the place. 
 It is so generally known to country people, 
 that I conceive it needless to tell that which 
 is no news. 
 
 Place and Time."] It delights to grow in 
 
8 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 moist woods, and watery places ; flowering 
 in April or May, and yielding ripe seed in 
 September. 
 
 Government and virtues, .] Itis a tree under 
 the dominion of Venus, and of some watery 
 sign or others, I suppose Pisces ; and there- 
 fore the decoction, or distilled water of the 
 leaves, is excellent against burnings and in- 
 flammations, either with wounds or without, 
 to bathe the place grieved with, and espe- 
 cially for that inflammation in the breast, 
 which the vulgar call an ague. 
 
 If you cannot get the leaves (as in Winter 
 it is impossible) make use of the bark in the 
 same manner. 
 
 The leaves and bark of the Alder-tree are 
 cooling, drying, and binding. The fresh 
 leaves, laid upon swellings, dissolve them, 
 and stay the inflammation. The leaves 
 put under the bare feet galled with travel- 
 ling, are a great refreshing to them. The 
 said leaves, gathered while the morning dew 
 is on them, and brought into a chamber 
 troubled with fleas, will gather them there- 
 unto, which being suddenly cast out, will 
 rid the chamber of those troublesome bed- 
 fellows. 
 
 ANGELICA. 
 
 To write a discription of that which is 
 so well known to be growing almost in every 
 garden, I suppose is altogether needless ; 
 yet for its virtue it is of admirable use. 
 
 In time of Heathenism, when men had 
 found out any excellent herb, they dedicated 
 it to their gods ; as the bay-tree to Apollo, 
 the Oak to Jupiter, the Vine to Bacchus, the 
 Poplar to Hercules, These the idolaters 
 following as the Patriarchs they dedicate to 
 their Saints ; as our Lady's Thistle to the 
 Blessed Virgin, St. John's Wort to St. John 
 and another Wort to St. Peter, &c. Our 
 physicians must imitate like apes (though 
 they cannot come off half so cleverly) for 
 they blasphemously call Phansies or Hearts- 
 ease, an herb of the Trinity, because it is of 
 
 three colours ; and a certain ointment, an 
 ointment of the Apostles, because it consists 
 of twelve ingredients. Alas I am sorry for 
 their folly, and grieved at their blasphemy, 
 God send them wisdom the rest of their 
 age, for they have their share of igno- 
 rance already. Oh ! Why must ours be 
 blasphemous, because the Heathens and 
 intidels were idolatrous ? Certainly they 
 have read so much in qld rusty authors, that 
 they have lost all their divinity; for unless 
 it were amongst the Ranters, I never read 
 or heard of such blasphemy. The Heathens 
 and infidels were bad, and ours worse ; the 
 idolaters give idolatrous names to herbs for 
 their virtues sake, not for their fair looks ; 
 and therefore some called this an herb of 
 the Holy Ghost; others, more moderate, call- 
 ed it Angelica, because of its angelical 
 virtues, and that name it retains still, and all 
 nations follow it so near as their dialect will 
 permit. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is an herb of 
 the Sun in Leo ; let it be gathered when he 
 is there, the Moon applying to his good as- 
 pect ; let it be gathered either in his hour, 
 or in the hour of Jupiter, let Sol be angu- 
 lar ; observe the like in gathering the herbs, 
 of other planets, and you may happen to 
 do wonders. In all epidemical diseases 
 caused by Saturn, that is as good a preser- 
 vative as grows : It resists poison, by de- 
 fending and comforting the heart, blood, 
 and spirits ; it doth the like against the 
 plague and all epidemical diseases, if the 
 root be taken in powder to the weight of 
 half a dram at a time, with some good trea- 
 cle in Carduus water, and the party there- 
 upon laid to sweat in his bed ; if treacle be 
 not to be had take it alone in Carduus or 
 Angelica-water. The stalks or roots can- 
 died and eaten fasting, are good preserva- 
 tives in time of infection ; and at other 
 times to warm and comfort a cold stomach. 
 The root also steeped in vinegar, and a little 
 of that vinegar taken sometimes fasting, and 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 9 
 
 the root smelled unto, is good for the same 
 purpose. A water distilled from the root 
 simply, as steeped in wine, and distilled in 
 a glass, is much more effectual than the 
 water of the leaves ; and this water, drank 
 two or three spoonfuls at a time, easeth all 
 pains and torments coming of cold and 
 wind, so that the body be not bound ; and 
 taken with some of the root in powder at 
 the beginning, helpeth the pleurisy, as also 
 all other diseases of the lungs and breast, 
 as coughs, phthysic, and shortness of breath; 
 and a syrup of the stalks do the like. It 
 helps pains of the cholic, the stranguary and 
 stoppage of the urine, procureth womens' 
 courses, and expelleth the after-birth, open- 
 eth the stoppings of the liver and spleen, 
 and briefly easeth and discusseth all windi- 
 ness and inward swellings, The decoction 
 drank before the fit of an ague, that they 
 may sweat (if possible) before the fit comes, 
 will, in two or three times taking, rid it 
 quite away ; it helps digestion and is a re- 
 medy for a surfeit. The juice or the water, 
 being dropped into the eyes or ears, helps 
 dimness of sight and deafness ; the juice 
 put into the hollow teeth, easeth their pains. 
 The root in powder, made up into a plaster 
 with a little pitch, and laid on the biting of 
 mad dogs, or any other venomous creature, 
 doth wonderfully help. The juice or the 
 waters dropped, or tent wet therein, and put 
 into filthy dead ulcers, or the powder of the 
 root (in want of either) doth cleanse and 
 cause them to heal quickly, by covering the 
 naked bones with flesh ; the distilled water 
 applied to places pained with the gout, or 
 sciatica, doth give a great deal of ease. 
 
 The wild Angelica is not so effectual as 
 the garden ; although it may be safely used 
 to all the purposes aforesaid. 
 
 AMAKANTHUS. 
 
 BESIDES its common name, by which it 
 is best known by the florists of our days, 
 
 it is called Flower Gentle, Flower Velure 
 Floramor, and Velvet Flower. 
 
 Descript.~\ It being a garden flower, and 
 well known to every one that keeps it, I 
 might forbear the description ; yet, not- 
 withstanding, because some desire it, I shall 
 give it. It runs up with a stalk a cubit 
 high, streaked, and somewhat reddish to- 
 wards the root, but very smooth, divided 
 towards the top with small branches, among 
 which stand long broad leaves of a reddish 
 green colour, slippery ; the flowers are not 
 properly flowers, but tuffs, very beautiful 
 to behold, but of no smell, of reddish colour ; 
 if you bruise them, they yield juice of the 
 same colour, being gathered, they keep their 
 beauty a long time ; the seed is of a shining 
 black colour. 
 
 Time^} They continue in flower from 
 August till the time the frost nips them. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is under the 
 dominion of Saturn, and is an excellent 
 qualifier of the unruly actions and passions 
 of Venus, though Mars also should join 
 with her. The flowers dried and beaten 
 into powder, stop the terms in women, and 
 so do almost all other red things. And by 
 the icon, or image of every herb, the ancients 
 at first found out their virtues. Modern 
 writers laugh at them for it ; but I wonder 
 in my heart, how the virtues of herbs came 
 at first to be known, if not by their signa- 
 tures ; the moderns have them from the 
 writings of the ancients ; the ancients had 
 no writings to have them from : but to pro- 
 ceed. The flowers stop all fluxes of blood ; 
 whether in man or woman, bleeding either 
 at the nose or wound. There is also a sort 
 of Amaranthus that bears a white flower, 
 which stops the whites in women, and the 
 running of the reins in men, and is a moht 
 gallant antivenereal, and a singular remedy 
 for the French pox. 
 
 ANEMONE. 
 
 CALLED also Wind flower, because they 
 
10 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 say the flowers never open but when the 
 wind blows. Pliny is my author; if it 
 be not so, blame him. The seed also (if it 
 bears any at all) flies away with the wind. 
 
 Place and Tinted] They are sown usually 
 in the gardens of the curious, and flower in 
 the Spring-time. As for discription I shall 
 pass it, being well known to all those that 
 sow them. 
 
 Government and virtues .] It is under the 
 dominion of Mars, being supposed to be a 
 kind of Crow-foot. The leaves provoke 
 the terms mightily, being boiled, and the 
 decoction drank. The body being bathed 
 with the decoction of them, cures the leprosy. 
 The leaves being stamped and the juice 
 snuffed up in the nose, purges the head 
 mightily ; so does the root, being chewed in 
 the mouth, for it procures much spitting, 
 and brings away many watery and phleg- 
 matic humours, and is therefore excellent 
 for the lethargy. And when all is done, 
 let physicians prate what they please, all 
 the pills in the dispensatory purge not the 
 head like to hot things held in the mouth. 
 Being made into an ointment, and the eye- 
 lids anointed with it, it helps inflammations 
 of the eyes, whereby it is palpable, that every 
 stronger draws its weaker like. The same 
 ointment is excellently good to cleanse ma- 
 lignant and corroding ulcers. 
 
 GARDEN ARRACH. 
 
 CALLED also Orach, and Arage ; it is 
 cultivated for domestic uses. 
 
 DescriptJ] It is so commonly known to 
 every housewife, it were labour lost to de- 
 scribe it. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers and seeds from June 
 to the end of August. 
 
 Government and virtues^] It is under the 
 government of the Moon ; in quality cold 
 and moist like unto her. It softens and 
 loosens the body of man being eaten, and 
 fortifies the expulsive faculty in him. The 
 herb, whether it be bruised and applied to 
 
 the throat, or boiled, and in like manner 
 applied, it matters not much, it is excellently 
 good for swellings in the throat : the best 
 way, I suppose, is to boil it, apply the 
 herb outwardly : the decoction of it, besides, 
 is an excellent remedy for the yellow jaun- 
 dice. 
 
 ARRACH, WILD AND STINKING. 
 
 CALLED also Vulvaria, from that part of 
 the body upon which the operation is most ; 
 also Dog's Arrach, Goat's Arrach, and 
 Stinking Motherwort. 
 
 DescriptJ] This has small and almost 
 round leaves, yet a little pointed and with- 
 out dent or cut, of a dusky mealy colour, 
 growing on the slender stalks and branches 
 that spread on the ground, with small 
 flowers set with the leaves, and small seeds 
 succeeding like the rest, perishing yearly, 
 and rising again with its own sowing. It 
 smells like rotten fish, or something worse. 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows usually upon dunghills. 
 
 Time.~\ They flower in June and July, 
 and their seed is ripe quickly after. 
 
 Government andvirtuesJ] Stinking Arrach 
 is used as a remedy to women pained, and 
 almost strangled with the mother, by smell- 
 ing to it ; but inwardly taken there is no 
 better remedy under the moon for that dis- 
 ease. I would be large in commendation 
 of this herb, were I but eloquent. It is an 
 herb under the dominion of Venus, and un- 
 der the sign Scorpio ; it is common almost 
 upon every dunghill. The works of God 
 are freely given to man, his medicines are 
 common and cheap, and easily to be found. 
 I commend it for an universal medicine for 
 the womb, and such a medicine as will 
 easily, safely, and speedily cure any disease 
 thereof, as the fits of the mother, disloca- 
 tion, or falling out thereof; cools the 
 womb being over-heated. And let me tell 
 you this, and I will tell you the truth, heat 
 of the womb is one of the greatest causes 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 11 
 
 of bard labour in child-birth. It makes 
 barren women fruitful. It cleanseth the 
 womb if it be foul, and strengthens it ex- 
 ceedingly ; it provokes the terms if they be 
 stopped, and stops them if they flow immode- 
 rately ; you can desire no good to your 
 womb, but this herb will affect it ; there- 
 fore if you love children, if you love health, 
 if you love ease, keep a syrup always by 
 you, made of the juice of this herb, and 
 sugar (or honey, if it be to cleanse the 
 womb), and let such as be rich keep it for 
 their poor neighbours ; and bestow it as 
 freely as I bestow my studies upon them, or 
 else let them look to answer it another day, 
 when the Lord shall come to make inquisi- 
 tion for blood. 
 
 ARCHANGEL. 
 
 To put a gloss upon their practice, the 
 physicians call a herb (which country peo- 
 ple vulgarly know by the name of Dead 
 Nettle) Archangel ; whether they favour 
 more of superstition or folly, I leave to the 
 judicious reader. There is more curiosity 
 than courtesy to my countrymen used by 
 others in the explanation as well of the 
 names, as discription of this so well known 
 herb; which that I may not also be guilty of, 
 take this short discription : first, of the Red 
 Archangel. This is likewise called Bee 
 Nettle. 
 
 Descript.~] This has divers square stalks, 
 somewhat hairy, at (lie joints whereof grow 
 two sad green leaves dented about the edges, 
 opposite to one another to the lowermost, 
 upon long foot stalks, but without any to- 
 ward the tops, which are somewhat round, 
 yet pointed, and a little crumpled and 
 hairy ; round about the upper joints, where 
 the leaves grow thick, are sundry gaping 
 flowers of a pale reddish colour; after which 
 come the seeds three or four in a husk. 
 The root is small and thready, perishing 
 every year ; the whole plant hath a strong 
 smell but not stinking. 
 
 White Archangel hath divers square 
 stalks, none standing straight upward^ but 
 bending downward, whereon stand two 
 leaves at a joint, larger and more pointed 
 than the other, dented about the edges, and 
 greener also, more like unto Nettle leaves, 
 but not stinking, yet hairy. At the joints, 
 with the leaves, stand larger and more open 
 gaping white flowers, husks round about 
 the stalks, but not with such a bush of leaves 
 as flowers set in the top, as is on the other, 
 wherein stand small roundish black seeds : 
 the root is white, with many strings at it, 
 not growing downward but lying under the 
 upper crust of the earth, and abides many 
 years increasing ; this has not so strong a 
 scent as the former. 
 
 Yellow Archangel is like the White in 
 the stalks and leaves ; but that the stalks 
 are more straight and upright, and the joints 
 with leaves are farther asunder, having lon- 
 ger leaves than the former, and the flowers 
 a' little larger and more gaping, of a fair 
 yellow colour in most, in some paler. The 
 roots are like the white, only they creep not 
 so much under the ground. 
 
 Placed] They grow almost every where 
 (unless it be in the middle of the street), the 
 yellow most usually in the wet grounds of 
 woods, and sometimes in the 1 dryer, in divers 
 counties of this nation. 
 
 Time.~\ They flower from the beginning 
 of the Spring all the Summer long. 
 
 Government and virtues.] The Archangels 
 are somewhat hot and drier then the sting- 
 ing Nettles, and used with better success 
 for the stopping and hardness of the spleen, 
 than they, by using the decoction of the 
 herb in wine, and afterwards applying the 
 herb hot into the region of the spleen as a 
 plaister, or the decoction with spunges. 
 Flowers of the White Archangel are pre- 
 served or conserved to be used to stay the 
 whites, and the flowers of the red to stay 
 the reds in women. It makes the heart 
 merry, drives away melancholy, quickens 
 
 E 
 
 -iar 
 
12 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 the spirits, is good against quartan agues, 
 stancheth bleeding at mouth and nose, if it 
 be stamped and applied to the nape of the 
 neck ; the herb also bruised, and with some 
 salt and vinegar and hog's-grease, laid upon 
 a hard tumour or swelling, or that vulgarly 
 called the king's evil, do help to dissolve or 
 discuss them ; and being in like manner 
 applied, doth much allay the pains, and give 
 ease to the gout, sciatica, and other pains 
 of the joints and sinews. It is also very 
 effectual to heal green wounds, and old 
 ulcers; also to stay their fretting, gnawing, 
 and spreading. It draws forth splinters, 
 and such like things gotten into the flesh, 
 and is very good against bruises and burn- i 
 ings. But the Yellow Archangel is most 
 commended for old, filthy, corrupt sores 
 and ulcers, yea although they grow to be 
 hollow, and to dissolve tumours. The 
 chief use of them is for women, it being a 
 herb of Venus. 
 
 ARS SMART. 
 
 The hot Arssmart is called also Water- 
 pepper, or Culrage. The mild Arssmart 
 is called dead Arssmart Persicaria, or Peach- 
 wort, because the leaves are so like the 
 leaves of a peach-tree ; it is also called 
 Plumbago. 
 
 Description of the mild.'] This has broad 
 leaves set at the great red joint of the 
 stalks ; with semicircular blackish marks 
 on them, usually either blueish or whitish, 
 with such like seed following. The root is 
 long, with many strings thereat, perishing 
 yearly ; this has no sharp taste (as another 
 sort has, which is quick and biting) but 
 rather sour like sorrel, or else a little drying, 
 or without taste. 
 
 Placed] Ttgrowsinwateryplaces, ditches, 
 and the like, which for the most part are 
 dry in summer. 
 
 Time.~\ It flowers in June, and the seed 
 is ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] As the virtue of 
 both these is various, so is also their govern- 
 ment ; for that which is hot and biting, is 
 under the dominion of Mars, but Saturn, 
 challenges the other, as appears by that 
 leaden coloured spot he hath placed upon 
 the leaf. 
 
 It is of a cooling and drying quality, 
 and very effectual for putrified ulcers in man 
 or beast, to kill worms, and cleanse the 
 putrified places. The juice thereof dropped 
 in, or otherwise applied, consumes all colds, 
 swellings, and dissolveth the congealed 
 blood of bruises by strokes, falls, &c. A 
 piece of the root, or some of the seeds 
 bruised, and held to an aching tooth, takes 
 away the pain. The leaves bruised and 
 laid to the joint that has a felon thereon, 
 takes it away. The juice destroys worms 
 in the ears, being dropped into them ; if 
 the hot Arssmart be strewed in a chamber, 
 it will soon kill all the fleas ; and the herb 
 or juice of the cold Arssmart, put to a 
 horse or other cattle's sores, will drive away 
 the fly in the hottest time of Summer ; a 
 good handful of the hot biting Arssmart 
 put under a horse's saddle, will make him 
 travel the better, although he were half 
 tired before. The mild Arssmart is good 
 against all imposthumes and inflammations 
 at the beginning, and to heal green wounds. 
 
 All authors chop the virtues of both 
 sorts of Arssmart together, as men chop 
 herbs for the pot, when both of them are 
 of contrary qualities. The hot Arssmart 
 grows not so high or tall as the mild doth, 
 but has many leaves of the colour of 
 peach leaves, very seldom or never spotted; 
 in other particulars it is like the former, but. 
 may easily be known from it, if yon will 
 but be pleased to break a leaf of it cross 
 your tongue, for the hot will make your 
 tongue to smart, but the cold will not. If 
 you see them both together, you may easily 
 distinguish them, because the mild hath far 
 broader leaves. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 13 
 
 ASARABACCA. 
 
 Descript.~\ ASARABACCA appears like 
 an evergreen, keeping its leaves all the 
 Winter, but putting forth new ones in the 
 time of Spring. It has many heads rising 
 from the roots, from whence come many 
 smooth leaves, every one upon his foot 
 stalks, which are rounder and bigger than 
 Violet leaves, thicker also, and of a dark 
 green shining colour on the upper side, and 
 of a pale yellow green underneath, little or 
 nothing dented about the edges, from among 
 which rise small, round, hollow, brown 
 green husks, upon short stalks, about an 
 inch long, divided at the brims into five 
 divisions, very like the cups or heads of 
 the Henbane seed, but that they are smaller; 
 and these be all the flower it carries, which 
 are somewhat sweet, being smelled to, 
 and wherein, when they are ripe, is con- 
 tained small cornered rough seeds, very 
 like the kernels or stones of grapes or 
 raisins. The roots are small and whitish, 
 spreading divers w r ays in the ground, in- 
 creasing into divers heads; but not running 
 or creeping under the ground, as some other 
 creeping herbs do. They are somewhat 
 sweet in smell, resembling Nardus, but 
 more when they are dry than green ; and 
 of a sharp and not unpleasant taste. 
 
 Place!] It grows frequently in gardens. 
 
 Time.'] They keep their leaves green all 
 Winter ; but shoot forth new in the Spring, 
 and with them come forth those heads or 
 flowers which give ripe seed about Mid- 
 summer, or somewhat after. 
 
 Government and virtues^] It is a plant un- 
 der the dominion of Mars, and therefore ini- 
 mical to nature. This herb being drank, not 
 only provokes vomiting, but purges down- 
 wards, and by urine also, purges both cho- 
 ler and phlegm: If you add to it some spike- 
 nard, with the whey of goat's milk, or ho- 
 neyed water, it is made more strong, but it 
 purges phlegm more manifestly than eholer, 
 
 and therefore does much help pains in 
 the hips, and other parts ; being boiled in 
 whey, it wonderfully helps the obstruc- 
 tions of the liver and spleen, and therefore 
 profitable for the dropsy and jaundice ; 
 being steeped in wine and drank, it helps 
 those continual aguesthatcome by theplenty 
 of stubborn humours; an oil made thereof 
 by setting in the sun, with some laudanum 
 added to it, provokes sweating (the ridge 
 of the back being anointed therewith), and 
 thereby drives away the shaking fits of the 
 ague. It will not abide any long boiling, 
 for it loseth its chief strength thereby ; nor 
 much beating, for the finer powder pro- 
 vokes vomits and urine, and the coarser 
 purge th downwards. 
 
 The common use hereof is, to take the 
 juice of five or seven leaves in a little drink 
 to cause vomiting ; the roots have also the 
 same virtue, though they do not operate so 
 forcibly ; they are very effectual against the 
 biting of serpents, and therefore are put as 
 an ingredient both into Mithridite and 
 Venice treacle. The leaves and roots being 
 boiled in lye, and the head often washed 
 therewith while it is warm, comforts the 
 head and brain that is ill affected by taking 
 cold, and helps the memory. 
 
 I shall desire ignorant people to forbear 
 
 the use of the leaves ; the roots purge more 
 
 gently, and may prove beneficial to such as 
 
 have cancers, or old putrified ulcers, or 
 
 j fistulas upon their bodies, to take a dram 
 
 ! of them in powder in a quarter of a pint of 
 
 ' white wine in the morning. The truth is, 
 
 I fancy purging and vomiting medicines as 
 
 little as any man breathing doth, for they 
 
 weaken nature, nor shall ever advise them 
 
 to be used,' unless upon urgent necessity. 
 
 If a physician be nature's servant, it is his 
 
 duty to strengthen his mistress as much as 
 
 he can, and weaken her as little as may be. 
 
 ASPARAGUS, SPARAGUS, OR SPERAGE. 
 
 DescriptJ] IT rises up at first with divers 
 
14 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 white and green scaly heads, very brittle or 
 easy to break while they are young, which 
 afterwards rise up in very long and slender 
 green stalks of the bigness of an ordinary 
 riding wand, at the bottom of most, or 
 bigger, or lesser, as the roots are of growth; 
 on which are set divers branches of green 
 leaves shorter and smaller than fennel to the 
 top ; at the joints whereof come forth small 
 yellowish flowers, which turn into round 
 berries, green at first and of an excellent 
 red colour when they are ripe, shewing like 
 bead or coral, wherein are contained ex- 
 ceeding hard black seeds; the roots are dis- 
 persed from a spongeous head into many 
 long, thick, and round strings, wherein is 
 sucked much nourishment out of the ground, 
 and increaseth plentifully thereby. 
 
 PRICKLY ASPARAGUS, OR SPERAGE. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS grows usually in gar- 
 dens, and some of it grows wild in Apple- 
 ton meadows in Gloucestershire, where the 
 poor people gather the buds of young 
 shoots, and sell them cheaper that our gar- 
 den Asparagus is sold in London. 
 
 Time.'] For the most part they flower, 
 and bear their berries late in the year, or 
 not at all, although they are housed in 
 Winter. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] They are both 
 under the dominion of Jupiter. The young 
 buds or branches boiled in ordinary broth, 
 make the belly soluble and open, and boiled 
 in white wine, provoke urine, being stopped, 
 and is good against the stranguary or diffi- 
 culty of making water ; it expelleth the 
 gravel and stone out of the kidneys, and 
 helpeth pains in the reins. And boiled in 
 white wine or vinegar, it is prevalent for 
 them that have their arteries loosened, or 
 are troubled with the hip-gout or sciatica. 
 The decoction of the roots boiled in wine 
 and taken, is good to clear the sight, and 
 being held in the mouth easeth the tooth- 
 ache. The garden asparagus nourisheth 
 
 more than the wild, yet hath it the same 
 effects in all the afore-mentioned diseases . 
 The decoction of the root in white wine, 
 and the back and belly bathed therewith, 
 or kneeling or lying down in the same, or 
 sitting therein as a bath, has been found 
 effectual against pains of the reins and 
 bladder, pains of the mother and cholic, 
 and generally against all pains that happen 
 to the lower parts of the body, and no less 
 effectual against stiff and benumbed sinews, 
 or those that are shrunk by cramps and 
 convulsions, and helps the sciatica. 
 
 ASH TREE. 
 
 This is so well known, that time would 
 be misspent in writing a description of it; 
 therefore I shall only insist upon the virtues 
 of it. 
 
 Government and virtues. It is governed 
 by the Sun : and the young tender tops, 
 with the leaves, taken inwardly, and some 
 of them outwardly applied, are singularly 
 good against the bitings of viper, adder, or 
 any other venomous beast; and the water 
 distilled therefrom being taken, a small 
 quantity every morning fasting, is a singular 
 medicine for those that are subject to dropsy, 
 or to abate the greatness of those that are 
 too gross or fat. The decoction of the leaves 
 in white wine helps to break the stone, 
 and expel it, and cures the jaundice. The 
 ashes of the bark of the Ash made into 
 lye, and those heads bathed therewith 
 which are leprous, scabby, or scald, they 
 are thereby cured. The kernels within the 
 husks, commonly called Ashen Keys, pre- 
 vail against stitches and pains in the sides, 
 proceeding of wind, and voideth away the 
 stone by provoking urine. 
 
 I can justly except against none of all 
 this, save only the first, viz. That Ash-tree 
 tops and leaves are good against the bitings 
 of serpents and vipers. I suppose this had its 
 rise from Gerrard or Pliny, both which hold 
 that there is such an antipathy between an 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 15 
 
 adder and an Ash-tree, that if an adder be 
 encompassed round with Ash-tree leaves, 
 she will sooner run through the fire than 
 through the leaves : The contrary to which 
 is the truth, as both my eyes are witnesses. 
 The rest are virtues something likely, only 
 if it be in Winter when you cannot get the 
 leaves, you may safely use the bark instead 
 of them. The keys you may easily keep 
 all the year, gathering them when they are 
 ripe. 
 
 AVENS, CALLED ALSO COLEWORT, AND 
 HERB BONET. 
 
 DescriptJ] The ordinary Avens hatii 
 many long, rough, dark green, winged 
 leaves, rising from the root, every one made 
 of many leaves set on each side of the mid- 
 dle rib, the largest three whereof grow at 
 the end, and are snipped or dented round 
 about the edges; the other being small 
 pieces, sometimes two and sometimes four, 
 standing on each side of the middle rib 
 underneath them. Among which do rise 
 up divers rough or hairy stalks about two 
 feet high, branching forth with leaves at 
 every joint not so long as those below, but 
 almost as much cut in on the edges, some 
 into three parts, some into more. On the 
 tops of the branches stand small, pale, yel- 
 low flowers consisting of five leaves, like 
 the flowers of Cinquefoil, but large, in the 
 middle whereof stand a small green herb, 
 which when the flower is fallen, grows to 
 be round, being made of many long green- 
 ish' purple seeds, (like grains) which will 
 stick upon your clothes. The root consists 
 of many brownish strings or fibres, smelling 
 somewhat like unto cloves, especially those 
 which grow in the higher, hotter, and drier 
 grounds, and in free and clear air. 
 
 Place.'] They grow wild in many places 
 under hedge's sides, and by the path-ways 
 in fields ; yet they rather delight to grow in 
 shadowy than sunny places. 
 
 Time.] They flower in May or June for 
 
 the most part, and their seed is ripe in Jury 
 at the farthest. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is governed 
 by Jupiter, and that gives hopes of a whole- 
 some healthful herb. It is good for the dis- 
 eases of the chest or breast, for pains, and 
 stiches in the side, and to expel crude and 
 raw humours from the belly and stomach, 
 by the sweet savour and warming quality. 
 It dissolves the inward congealed blood 
 happening by falls or bruises, and the spit- 
 ting of blood, if the roots, either green or 
 dry, be boiled in wine and drank ; as also 
 all manner of inward wounds or outward, 
 if washed or bathed therewith. The de- 
 coction also being drank, comforts the heart, 
 and strengthens the stomach and a cold 
 brain, and therefore is good in the spring 
 times to open obstructions of the liver, and 
 helps the wind cholic ; it also helps those 
 that haye fluxes, or are bursten, or have a 
 rupture ; it takes away spots or marks in 
 the face, being washed therewith. The 
 juice of the fresh root, or powder of the 
 dried ra9t, has the same effect with the 
 decoction. The root in the Spring-time 
 steeped in wine, gives it a delicate savour 
 and taste, and being drank fasting every 
 morning, comforts the heart, and is a 
 good preservative against the plague, or 
 any other poison. It helps indigestion, 
 and warms a cold stomach, and opens 
 obstructions of the liver and spleen. 
 
 It is very safe : you need have no dose 
 prescribed ; and is very fit to be kept in 
 every body's house. 
 
 BALM. 
 
 THIS herb is so well known to be an in- 
 habitant almost in every garden, that I shall 
 not need to write any description thereof, 
 although its virtues, which are many, may 
 not be omitted. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is an herb of 
 Jupiter, and under Cancer, and strengthens 
 nature much in all its actions. Let a syrup 
 
16 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 made with the juice of it and sugar (as you 
 shall be taught at the latter end of this 
 book) be kept in every gentlewoman's house 
 to relieve the weak stomachs and sick bodies 
 of their poor sickly neighbours ; as also 
 the herb kept dry in the house, that so 
 with other convenient simples, you may 
 make it into an electuary with honey, ac- 
 cording as the disease is you shall be taught 
 at the latter end of my book. The Arabian 
 physicians have extolled the virtues thereof 
 to the skies ; although the Greeks thought 
 it not worth mentioning. Seraphio says, 
 it causes the mind and heart to become 
 merry, and revives the heart, faintings and 
 swoonings, especially of such who are over- 
 taken in sleep, and drives away all trou- 
 blesome cares and thoughts out of the mind, 
 arising from melancholy or black choler ; 
 which Avicen also confirms. It is very 
 good to help digestion, and open obstruc- 
 tions of the brain, and hath so much purg- 
 ing quality in it (saith Avicen) as to expel 
 those melancholy vapours from the spirits 
 and blood which are in the heart and 
 arteries, although it cannot do so in other 
 parts of the body. Dioscorides says, 
 that the leaves steeped in wine, and the 
 wine drank, and the leaves externally ap- 
 plied, is a remedy against the stings of a 
 scorpion, and the bitings of mad dogs ; 
 and commends the decoction thereof for 
 women to bathe or sit in to procure their 
 courses ; it is good to wash aching teeth 
 therewith, and profitable for those that 
 have the bloody flux. The leaves also, with 
 a little nitre taken in drink, are good against 
 the surfeit of mushrooms, helps the griping 
 pains of the belly ; and being made into an 
 electuary, it is good for them that cannot 
 fetch their breath : Used with salt, it takes 
 away wens, kernels, or hard swelling in 
 the flesh or throat ; it cleanses foul sores, 
 and eases pains of the gout. It is good 
 for the liver and spleen. A tansy or caudle 
 made with eggs, and juice thereof while it 
 
 is young, putting to it some sugar and rose- 
 water, is good for a woman in child-birth, 
 when the after-birth is not thoroughly 
 voided, and for their faintings upon or m 
 their sore travail. The herb bruised and 
 boiled in a little wine and oil, and laid warm 
 on a boil, will ripen it, and break it. 
 
 BARBERRY. 
 
 The shrub is so well known by every 
 boy or girl that has but attained to the 
 age of seven years, that it needs no des- 
 cription. 
 
 Government and virtues J\ Mars owns the 
 shrub, and presents it to the use of my 
 countrymen to purge their bodies of choler. 
 The inner rind of the Barberry-tree boiled 
 in white wine, and a quarter of a pint drank 
 each morning, is an excellent remedy to 
 cleanse the body of choleric humours, and 
 free it from such diseases as choler causes, 
 such as scabs, itch, tetters, ringworms, yel- ' 
 low jaundice, boils, &c. It is excellent for 
 hot agues, burnings, scaldings, heat of 
 the blood, heat of the liver, bloody-flux ; 
 for the berries are as good as the bark, and 
 more pleasing : they get a man a good 
 stomach to his victuals, by strengthening the 
 attractive faculty which is under Mars. 
 The hair washed with the lye made of 
 the tree and water, will make it turn yellow, 
 viz. of Mars' own colour The fruit and 
 ! rind of the shrub, the flowers of broom 
 ' and of heath, or furz, cleanse the body of 
 choler by sympathy, as the flowers, leaves, 
 and bark of the peach-tree do by antipathy, 
 because these are under Mars, that under 
 Venus. 
 
 BARLEY. 
 
 The continual usefulness hereof hath 
 made all in general so acquainted herewith 
 that it is altogether needless to describe it, 
 several kinds hereof plentifully growing, 
 being yearly sown in this land, The virtues 
 thereof take as follow. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 17 
 
 Government and virtues J] It is a notable 
 plant of Saturn : if you view diligently its 
 effects by sympathy and antipathy, you 
 may easily perceive a reason of them, as 
 also why barley bread is so unwholesome 
 for melancholy people. Barley in all the 
 parts and compositions thereof (except 
 malt) is more cooling than wheat, and a lit- 
 tle cleansing : And all the preparations 
 thereof, as barley-water and other things 
 made thereof, give great nourishment to 
 persons troubled with fevers, agues, and 
 heats in the stomach : A poultice made of 
 barley meal or flour boiled in vinegar and 
 honey, and a few dry figs put into them, 
 dissolves all imposthumes, and assuages 
 inflammations, being thereto applied,. And 
 being boiled with melilot and camomile- 
 flowers, and some linseed, fenugreek, and 
 rue in powder, and applied warm, it eases 
 pains in side and stomach, and windiness 
 of the spleen. The meal of barley and 
 fleawort boiled in water, and made a poul- 
 tice with honey and oil of lilies applied 
 warm, cures swellings under the ears, 
 throat, neck, and such like ; and a plaister 
 made thereof with tar, with sharp vinegar 
 into a poultice, and laid on hot, helps the 
 leprosy ; being boiled in red wine with 
 pomegranate rinds and myrtles, stays the 
 lask or other flux of the belly ; boiled with 
 vinegar and quince, it eases the pains 
 of the gout ; barley-flour, white salt, honey, 
 and vinegar mingled together, takes away 
 the itch speedily and certainly. The water 
 distilled from the green barley in the end of 
 May, is very good for those that have de- 
 fluctions of humours fallen into their eyes, 
 and eases the pain, being dropped into 
 them ; or white bread steeped therein, and 
 bound on the eyes, does the same. 
 
 GARDEN BAZIL, OR SWEET BAZIL. 
 
 DescriptJ] The greater of Ordinary Bazil 
 rises up usually with one upright stalk, 
 diversly branching forth on all sides, with 
 
 two leaves at every joint, which are some- 
 what broad and round, yet pointed, of a 
 pale green colour, but fresh ; a little 
 snipped about the edges, and of astrongheal- 
 thy scent. The flowers are small and white, 
 and standing at the tops of the branches, 
 with two small leaves at the joints, in some 
 places green, in others brown, after which 
 come black seed. The root perishes at 
 the approach of Winter, and therefore must 
 be new sown every year. 
 
 Placed] It grows in gardens. 
 
 TimeJ] It must be sowed late, and flowers 
 in the heart of Summer, being a very tender 
 plant. 
 
 Government andvirtues ] This is the herb 
 which all authors are together by the ears 
 about, and rail at one another(like lawyers ) 
 Galen and Dioscorides hold it not fit to be 
 taken inwardly; and Chrysippus rails at it 
 with downright Billingsgate rhetoric; Pliny, 
 and the Arabian physicians defend it. 
 
 For my own part, I presently found 
 that speech true : 
 
 Non nostrium inter nos tantas commoner e lifes 
 
 And away to Dr. Reason went I, who told 
 me it was an herb of Mars, and under the 
 Scorpion, and perhaps therefore called 
 Basilicon ; and it is no marvel if it carry 
 a kind of virulent quality with it. Being 
 applied to the place bitten by venomous 
 beasts, or stung by a wasp or hornet, it 
 speedily draws the poison to it ; Every like 
 draws Ms like. Mizaldus affirms, that, 
 being laid to rot in horse-dung, it will breed 
 venomous beasts. Hilarius, a French phy- 
 sician, affirms upon his own knowledge, 
 that an acquaintance of his, by common 
 smelling to it, had a scorpion bred in his 
 brain. Something is the matter ; this hei b 
 and rue will not grow together, no, nor near 
 one another : and we know rue is as great 
 an enemy to poison as any that grows. 
 
 To conclude ; It expels both birth and 
 after-birth ; and as it helps the deficiency 
 
18 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 of Venus in one kind, so it spoils all her ac- 
 tions in another. I dare write no more of it. 
 
 THE BAY TREE. 
 
 THIS is so well known that it needs no 
 description : I shall therefore only write 
 the virtues thereof, which are many. 
 
 Government and virtues J\ I shall but only 
 add a word or two to what my friend has 
 written, viz., that it is a tree of the sun, and 
 under the celestial sign Leo, and resists 
 witchcraft very potently, as also all the evils 
 old Saturn can do to the body of man, and 
 they are not a few ; for it is the speech of 
 one, and I am mistaken if it were not 
 Mizaldus, that neither witch nor devil, 
 thunder nor lightning, will hurt a man in 
 the place where a Bay-tree is. Galen said, 
 that the leaves or bark do dry and heal 
 very much, and the berries more than the 
 leaves ; the bark of the root is less sharp 
 and hot, but more bitter, and hath some 
 astriction withal whereby it is effectual to 
 break the stone, and good to open obstruc- 
 tions of the liver, spleen, and other inward 
 parts, which bring the jaundice, dropsy, 
 &c. The berries are very effectual against 
 all poison of venomous creatures, and the 
 sting of wasps and bees ; as also against the 
 pestilence, or other infectious diseases, and 
 therefore put into sundry treacles for that 
 purpose ; they likewise procure women's 
 courses, and seven of them given to wo- 
 man in sore travail of child-birth, do cause 
 a speedy delivery, and expel the after-birth, 
 and therefore not to betaken by such as have 
 not gone out their time, lest they procure 
 abortion, or cause labour too soon. They 
 wonderfully help all cold and rheumatic 
 distillations from the brain to the eyes, 
 lungs or other parts ; and being made into 
 an electuary with honey, do help the con- 
 sumption, old coughs, shortness, of breath, 
 and thin rheums ; as also the megrim. They 
 mightily expel the wind, and provoke urine; 
 helps the mother, and kill the worms. The 
 
 leaves also work the like effect. A bath of 
 the decoction of leaves and berries, is 
 singularly good for women to sit in, that 
 are troubledwith the mother, orthe diseases 
 thereof, or the stoppings of their courses, 
 or for the diseases of the bladder, pains in 
 the bowels by wind and stoppage of the 
 urine. A decoction likewise of equal parts 
 of Bay-berries, cummin seed, hyssop, ori- 
 ganum, and euphorbium, with some honey, 
 and the head bathed therewith, wonder- 
 fully helps distillations and rheums, and 
 settles the pallate of the mouth into its 
 place. The oil made of the berries is very 
 comfortable in all cold griefs of the joints, 
 nerves, arteries, stomach, belly, or womb, 
 and helps palsies, convulsions, cramp, 
 aches, tremblings, and numbness in any 
 part, weariness also, and pains that come 
 by sore travelling. All griefs and pains 
 proceeding from wind, either in the head, 
 stomach, back, belly, or womb, by anointing 
 the parts .affected therewith : And pains in 
 the ears are also cured by dropping in some 
 of the oil, or by receiving into the ears the 
 fume of the decoction of the berries through 
 a funnel. The oil takes away the marks of 
 the skin and flesh by bruises, falls, &c. and 
 dissolves the congealed blood in them. It 
 helps also the itch, scabs, and weals in 
 the skin. 
 
 BEANS. 
 
 BOTH the garden and field beans are so 
 well known, that it saves me the labour of 
 writing any description of them. The vir- 
 tues follow. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ They are plants 
 of Venus, and the distilled water of the 
 flower of garden beans is good to clean the 
 face and skin from spots and wrinkles, and 
 the meal or flour of them, or the small beans 
 doth the same. The water distilled from 
 the green husk, is held to be very effectual 
 against the stone, and to provoke urine. 
 Bean flour is used in poultices to assuage 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 19 
 
 inflammations arising from wounds, and 
 the swelling of women's breasts caused by 
 the curdling of their milk, and represses 
 their milk ; Flour of beans and Fenugreek 
 mixed with honey, and applied to felons, 
 boils, bruises, or blue marks by blows, or 
 the imposthumes in the kernels of the ears, 
 helps them all, and with Rose leaves, 
 Frankincense and the white of an egg, being 
 applied to the eyes, helps them that are 
 swollen or do water, or have received any 
 blow upon them, if used with wine. If a 
 bean be parted in two, the skin being taken 
 away, and laid on the place where the leech 
 hath been set that bleeds too much, stays 
 the bleeding. Bean flour boiled to a poul- 
 tice with wine and vinegar, and some oil 
 put thereto, eases both pains and swelling 
 of the privities. The husk boiled in water to 
 the consumption of a third part thereof, 
 stays a lask ; and the ashes of the husks, 
 made up with old hog's grease, helps the 
 old pains, contusions, and wounds of the 
 sinews, the sciatica and gout. The field 
 beans have all the aforementioned virtues 
 as the garden beans. 
 
 Beans eaten are extremely windy meat ; 
 but if after the Dutch fashion, when they 
 are half boiled you husk them and then 
 stew them (I cannot tell you how, for I 
 never was a cook in all my life), they are 
 wholesome food. 
 
 FRENCH BEANS. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS French or kidney Bean 
 arises at first but with one stalk, which 
 afterwards divides itself into many arms or 
 branches, but all so weak that if they be not 
 sustained with sticks or poles, they will be 
 fruitless upon the ground. At several places 
 of these branches grow foot stalks, each 
 with three broad round and pointed green 
 leaves at the end of them ; towards the 
 top comes forth divers flowers made like 
 to pease blossoms, of the same colour for 
 the most part that the fruit will be of, that 
 
 it to say, white, yellow, red, blackish, or of 
 a deep purple, but white is the most usual; 
 after which come long and slender flat pods, 
 some crooked, some straight, with a string 
 running down the back thereof, wherein is 
 flattish round fruit made like a kidney ; the 
 root long, spreads with many strings an- 
 nexed to it, and perishes every year. 
 
 There is another sort of French beans 
 commonly growing with us in this land, 
 which is called the Scarlet flower Bean. 
 
 This rises with sundry branches as the 
 other, but runs higher, to the length of hop- 
 poles, about which they grow twining, but 
 turning contrary to the sun, having foot- 
 stalks with three leaves on each, as on the 
 others ; the flowers also are like the other, 
 and of a most orient scarlet colour. The 
 Beans are larger than the ordinary kind, 
 of a dead purple colour turning black when 
 ripe and dry ; the root perishes in Winter. 
 
 Government and virtues J] These also be- 
 long to Dame Venus, and being dried and 
 beat to powder, are as great strengtheners 
 of the kidneys as any are ; neither is there 
 a better remedy than it ; a dram at a time 
 taken in white wine to prevent the stone, or 
 to cleanse the kidneys of gravel or stoppage. 
 The ordinary French Beans are of an easy 
 digestion; they move the belly, provoke 
 urine, enlarge the breast that is straight- 
 ened with shortness of breath, engender 
 sperm, and incite to venery. And the 
 scarlet coloured Beans, in regard of the 
 glorious beauty of their colour, being set 
 near a quickset hedge, will much adorn the 
 same, by climbing up thereon, so that they 
 may be discerned a great way, not without 
 admiration of the beholders at a distance. 
 But they will go near to kill the quicksets 
 by cloathing them in scarlet. 
 
 LADIES BED-STRAW. 
 
 BESIDES the common name above writ- 
 ten, it is called Cheese-Rennet, because it 
 performs the same office, as also Gailion, 
 
20 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Pettimugget, and Maiden-hair ; and by some 
 Wild Rosemary. 
 
 DescriptJ] This rises up with divers 
 small brown, and square upright stalks, a 
 yard high or more; sometimes branches 
 forth into divers parts, full of joints, and 
 with divers very fine small leaves at every 
 one of them, little or nothing rough at all; 
 at the tops of the branches grow many long 
 tufts or branches of yellow flowers very 
 thick set together, from the several joints 
 which consist of four leaves a piece, which 
 smell somewhat strong, but not unpleasant. 
 The seed is small and black like poppy 
 seed, two for the most part joined together: 
 The root is reddish, with many small threads 
 fastened to it, which take strong hold of 
 the ground, and creep a little : and the 
 branches leaning a little down to the ground, 
 take root at the joints thereof, whereby it 
 is easily increased. 
 
 There is another sort of Ladies Bed- 
 straw growing frequently in England, which 
 bears white flowers as the other doth yel- 
 lowy but the branches of this are so weak, 
 that unless it be sustained by the hedges, 
 or other things near which it grows, it will 
 lie down to the ground ; the leaves a little 
 bigger than the former, and the flowers not 
 so plentiful as these ; and the root hereof is 
 also thready and abiding. 
 
 Placed] They grow in meadow and pas- 
 tures both wet and dry, and by the hedges, j 
 
 Time.'] They flower in May for the most 
 part, and the seed is ripe in July and 
 August. 
 
 Government and virtues.] They are both 
 herbs of Venus, and therefore strengthening 
 the parts both internal and external, which 
 she rules. The decoction of the former of 
 those being drank, is good to fret and break 
 the stone, provoke the urine, stays inward 
 bleeding, and heals inward wounds. The 
 herb or flower bruised and put into the 
 nostrils, stays their bleeding likewise ; 
 The flowers and herbs being made into and 
 
 oil, by being set in the sun, and changed 
 after it has stood ten or twelve days ; or 
 into an ointment being boiled in Axunga, 
 or sallad oil, with some wax melted therein, 
 after it is strained; either the oil made 
 thereof, or the ointment, do help burnings 
 with fire, or scalding with water. The 
 same also, or the decoction of the herb and 
 flower, is good to bathe the feet of travellers 
 and lacquies, whose long running couses 
 weariness and stiffness in the sinews and 
 joints. If the decoction be used warm, and 
 the joints afterwards anointed with oint- 
 ment, it helps the dry scab, and the itch 
 in children ; and the herb with the white 
 flower is also very good for the sinews, 
 arteries, and joints, to comfort and strength- 
 en them after travel, cold, and pains. 
 
 BEETS. 
 
 OF Beets there are two sorts, which are 
 best known generally, and whereof I shall 
 principally treat at this time, viz. the white 
 and red Beets and their virtues. 
 
 DescriptJ] The common white beet has 
 many great leaves next the ground, some- 
 what large and of a whitish green colour. 
 The stalk is great, strong, and ribbed, bear- 
 ing great store of leaves upon it, almost to 
 the very top of it : The flowers grow in 
 very long tufts, small at the end, and turn- 
 ing down their heads, which are small, pale 
 greenish, yellow, buds, giving cornered 
 prickly seed. The root is great, long, and 
 hard, and when it has given seed is of no 
 use at all. 
 
 The common red Beet differs not from 
 the white, but only it is less, and the leaves 
 and the roots are somewhat red ; the leaves 
 are differently red, some only with red stalks 
 or veins ; some of a fresh red, and others 
 of a dark red. The root thereof is red, 
 spungy, and not used tobe eaten. 
 
 Government andvirtues.~\ The government 
 of these two sorts of Beets are far different ; 
 the red Beet being under Saturn and the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 21 
 
 white under Jupiter ; therefore take the 
 virtues of them apart, each by itself. The 
 white Beet much loosens the belly, and 
 is of a cleansing, digesting quality, and 
 provokes urine. The juice of it opens 
 obstructions both of the liver and spleen, 
 and is good for the head-ache and swim- 
 mings therein, and turnings of the brain ; 
 and is effectual also against all venomous 
 creatures ; and applied to the temples, 
 stays inflammations of the eyes ; it helps 
 burnings, being used with oil, and with a 
 little alum put to it, is good for St. An- 
 thony's fire. It is good for all wheals, 
 pushes, blisters, and blains in the skin : the 
 herb boiled, and laid upon chilblains or 
 kibes, helps them. The decoction thereof 
 in water and some vinegar, heals the itch, 
 if bathed therewith ; and cleanses the head 
 of dandruff, scurf, and dry scabs, and does 
 much good for fretting and running sores, 
 ulcers, and cankers in the head, legs, or 
 other parts, and is much commended against 
 baldness and shedding the hair. 
 
 The red Beet is good to stay the bloody- 
 flux, women's courses, and the whites, and 
 to help the yellow jaundice ; the juice of 
 the root put into the nostrils, purges the 
 head, helps the noise in the ears, and the 
 tooth-ache ; the juice snuffed up the nose, 
 helps a stinking breath, if the cause lie in 
 the nose, as many times it does, if any bruise 
 has been there : as also want of smell 
 coming that way. 
 
 WATER BETONY. 
 
 CALLED also Brown-wort, and in York- 
 shire, Bishop's-leaves. 
 
 Degcript,] First, of the Water Betony, 
 which rises up with square, hard, greenish 
 stalks, sometimes brown, set with broad dark 
 green leaves dented about the edges with 
 notches somewhat resembling the leaves 
 of the Wood Betony, but much larger too, 
 for the most part set at a joint. The flowers 
 are many, set at the tops of the stalks and 
 
 branches, being round bellied and open at 
 the brims, and divided into two parts, the 
 uppermost being like a hood, and the lower- 
 most like a hip hanging down, of a dark 
 red colour, which passing, there comes in 
 their places small round heads with small 
 points at the ends, wherein lie small and 
 brownish seeds ; the root is a thick bush of 
 strings and shreds, growing from the head. 
 
 Placed] It grows by the ditch side, 
 brooks and other water-courses, generally 
 through this land, and is seldom found far 
 from the water-side. 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers about July, and the 
 seed is ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues^ Water Betony 
 is an herb of Jupiter in Cancer, and is ap- 
 propriated more to wounds and hurts in the 
 breast than Wood Betony, which follows : 
 It is an excellent remedy for sick hogs. It 
 is of a cleansing quality. The leaves bruised 
 and applied are effectual for all old and filthy 
 ulcers ; and especially if the juice of the 
 leaves be boiled with a little honey, and 
 dipped therein, and the sores dressed there- 
 with ; as also for bruises and hurts, whether 
 inward or outward. The distilled water ot 
 the leaves is used for the same purpose ; as 
 also to bathe the face and hands spotted or 
 blemished, or discoloured by sun burning. 
 
 I confess I do not much fancy distilled 
 waters, I mean such waters as are distilled 
 cold ; some virtues of the herb they may 
 haply have (it were a strange thing else ;) 
 but this I am confident of, that being dis- 
 tilled in a pewter still, as the vulgar and 
 apish fashion is, both chemical oil and salt 
 is left behind unless you burn them, and 
 then all is spoiled, water and all, which was 
 good for as little as can be, by such a dis- 
 tillation. 
 
 WOOD BETONY. 
 
 Descript.~\ COMMON or Wood Betony 
 has many leaves rising from the root, 
 which are somewhat broad and round at 
 
22 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 the end, roundly dented about the edges, 
 standing upon long foot stalks, from among 
 which rise up small, square, slender, but 
 upright hairy stalks, with some leaves there- 
 on to a piece at the joints, smaller than the 
 lower, whereon are set several spiked heads 
 of flowers like Lavender, but thicker and 
 shorter for the most part, and of a reddish 
 or purple colour, spotted with white spots 
 both in the upper and lower part. The 
 seeds being contained within the husks that 
 hold the flowers, are blackish, somewhat 
 long and uneven. The roots are many 
 white thready strings : the stalks perishes, 
 but the roots with some leaves thereon, 
 abide all the Winter. The whole plant is 
 somewhat small. 
 
 Placed] It grows frequently in woods, 
 and delights in shady places. 
 
 TimeJ] And it flowers in July; after 
 which the seed is quickly ripe, yet in its 
 prime in May. 
 
 Government and virtues .] The herb is ap- 
 propriated to the planet Jupiter, and the 
 sign Aries. Antonius Musa, physician to 
 the Emperor Augustus Caesar, wrote a pe- 
 culiar book of the virtues of this herb ; and 
 among other virtues saith of it, that it pre- 
 serves the liver and bodies of men from 
 the danger of epidemical diseases, and from 
 witchcraft also ; it helps those that loath 
 and cannot digest their meat, those that 
 have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or 
 continual rising in their stomachs, using it 
 familiarly either green or dry ; either the 
 herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, 
 or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, 
 water, electuary, or powder, as every one 
 may best frame themselves unto, or as the 
 time and season requires ; taken any of 
 the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, 
 falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or 
 shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those 
 that are inclined to dropsy, those that have 
 continual pains in their heads, although it 
 turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with 
 
 pure honey is no less available for all sorts 
 of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness 
 of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon 
 the lungs, which causes consumptions. 
 The decoction made with Mead, and a little 
 Pennyroyal, is good for those that are 
 troubled with putrid agues, whether quo- 
 tidian, tertian, dr quartan, and to draw 
 down and evacuate the blood and humours, 
 that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the 
 sight ; the decoction thereof made in wine 
 and taken, kills the worms in the belly, 
 opens obstructions both of the spleen and, 
 liver ; cures stitches, and pains in the 
 back and sides, the torments and griping 
 pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic ; 
 and mixed with honey purges the belly, 
 helps to bring down women's courses, and 
 is of special use for those that are troubled 
 with the falling down of the mother, and 
 pains thereof, and causes an easy and 
 speedy delivery of women in child-birth. 
 It helps also to break and expel the stone, 
 either in the bladder or kidneys. The de- 
 coction with wine gargled in the mouth, 
 eases the tooth-ache. It is commended 
 against the stinging and biting of venomous 
 serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly 
 and applied outwardly to the place. A 
 dram of the powder of Betony taken with 
 a little honey in some vinegar, does won- 
 derfully refresh those that are over wearied 
 by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth 
 or nose, and helps those that void or spit 
 blood, and those that are bursten or have 
 a rupture, and is good for such as are 
 bruised by any fall or otherwise. The 
 green herb bruised, or the juice applied to 
 any inward hurt, or outward green wound 
 in the head or body, will quickly heal and 
 close it up ; as also any vein or sinews that 
 are cut, and will draw forth any broken 
 bone or splinter, thorn or other things got 
 into the flesh. It is no less profitable for 
 old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho' they be 
 iistulous and hollow. But some do advise 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 23 
 
 to put a little salt for this purpose, being 
 applied with a little hog's lard, it helps a 
 plague sore, and other boils and pushes. 
 The fumes of the decoction while it is 
 warm, received by a funnel into the ears, 
 eases the pains of them, destroys the worms 
 and cures the running sores in them. The 
 juice dropped into them does the same. 
 The root of Betony is displeasing both to 
 the taste and stomach, whereas the leaves 
 and flowers, by their sweet and spicy 
 taste, are comfortable both to meat and 
 medicine. 
 
 These are some of the many virtues 
 Anthony Muse, an expert physician (for 
 it was not the practice of Octavius Cesar 
 to keep fools about him), appropriates to 
 Betony ; it is a very precious herb, that is 
 certain, and most fitting to be kept in a 
 man's house, both in syrup, conserve, oil, 
 ointment and plaister. The flowers are 
 usually conserved. 
 
 THE BEECH TREE. 
 
 In treating of this tree, you must under- 
 stand, that I mean the green mast Beech, 
 which is by way of distinction from that 
 other small rough sort, called in Sussex the 
 smaller Beech, but in Essex Horn-beam. 
 
 I suppose it is needless to describe it, 
 being already too well known to my coun- 
 trymen. 
 
 Place.~] It grows in woods amongst oaks 
 and other trees, and in parks, forests, and 
 chases, to feed deer; and in ether places 
 to fatten swine. 
 
 Timf,~] It blooms in the end of April, 
 or beginning of May, for the most part, 
 and the fruit is ripe in September. 
 
 Government and virtues, .] It is a plant of 
 Saturn, and therefore performs his qualities 
 and proportion in these operations. The 
 leaves of the Beech tree are cooling and 
 binding, and therefore good to be applied 
 to hot swellings to discuss them; the nuts 
 do much nourish such beasts as feed thereon. 
 
 The water that is found in the hollow places 
 of decaying Beeches will cure both man and 
 beast of any scurf, or running tetters, if 
 they be washed therewith; you may boil the 
 leaves into a poultice, or make an ointment 
 of them when time of year serves. 
 
 BILBERRIES, CALLED BY SOME WIIORTS, 
 AND WHORTLE-BER1UES. 
 
 Descript.~\ OF these I shall only speak 
 of two sorts which are common in England, 
 viz. The black and red berries. And first 
 of the black. 
 
 The small bush creeps along upon the 
 ground, scarcely rising half a yard high, 
 with divers small green leaves set in the 
 green branches, not always one against the 
 other, and a little dented about the edges: 
 At the foot of the leaves come forth small, 
 hollow, pale, bluish coloured flowers, the 
 brims ending at five points, with a reddish 
 thread in the middle, which pass into small 
 round berries of the bigness and colour of 
 juniper berries, but of a purple, sweetish 
 sharp taste; the juice of them gives a 
 purplish colour in their hands and lips that 
 eat and handle them, especially if they 
 break them. The root grows aslope under 
 ground, shooting forth in sundry places 
 as it creeps. This loses its leaves in 
 Winter. 
 
 The Red Bilberry, or Whortle-Bush, 
 rises up like the former, having sundry 
 hard leaves, like the Box-tree leaves, green 
 and round pointed, standing on the several 
 branches, at the top whereof only, and not 
 from the sides, as in the former, come forth 
 divers round, reddish, sappy berries, when 
 they are ripe, of a sharp taste. The root 
 runs in the ground, as in the former, but 
 the leaves of this abide all Winter. 
 
 Place.] The first grows in forests, on the 
 heaths, and such like barren places: the 
 red grows in the north parts of this land, as 
 Lancashire, Yorkshire, &c. 
 
 Time.] They flower in March and April, 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and the fruit of the black is ripe in July j 
 and August. 
 
 Government and virtues^] They are under | 
 the dominion of Jupiter. It is a pity they 
 are used no more in physic than they are. 
 
 The black Bilberries are good in hot agues 
 and to cool the heat of the liver and 
 stomach ; they do somewhat bind the belly, 
 and stay vomiting and loathings; the juice 
 of the berries made in a syrup, or the pulp 
 made into a conserve with sugar, is good 
 for the purposes aforesaid, as also for an old 
 cough, or an ulcer in the lungs, or other 
 diseases therein. The Red Worts are more 
 binding, and stops women's courses, spitting 
 of blood, or any other flux of blood or 
 humours, being used as well outwardly as 
 inwardly. 
 
 BIFOIL OR TWABLADE. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS small herb, from a root 
 somewhat sweet, shooting downwards many 
 long strings, rises up a round green stalk, 
 bare or naked next the ground for an inch, 
 two or three to the middle thereof as it is in 
 age or growth; as also from the middle up- 
 wards to the flowers, having only two broad 
 Plaintain-like leaves (but whiter) set at the 
 middle of the stalk one against another, 
 compassing it round at the bottom of them. 
 
 PlaceJ] It is an usual inhabitant in 
 woods, copses, and in many places in this 
 land. 
 
 There is another sort grows in wet 
 grounds and marshes, which is somewhat 
 different from the former. It is a smaller 
 plant, and greener, having sometimes three 
 leaves ; the spike of the flowers is less than 
 the former, and the roots of this do run or 
 creep in the ground. 
 
 They are often used by many to good 
 purpose for wounds, both green and old, 
 to consolidate or knit ruptures; and well 
 it may, being a plant of Saturn. 
 
 THE BIRCH TREE. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS grows a goodly tall 
 
 straight tree, fraught with many boughs, and 
 slender branches bending downward : the 
 old being covered with discoloured chapped 
 bark, and the younger being browner by 
 much. The leaves at the first breaking out 
 are crumpled, and afterwards like the beech 
 leaves, but smaller and greener, and dented 
 about the edges. It bears small short cat- 
 skins, somewhat like those of the hazelnut- 
 tree, which abide on the branches a long 
 time, until growing ripe, they fall on the 
 ground and their seed with them. 
 
 PlaceJ] It usually grows in woods. 
 
 Government and virtues J\ It is a tree of 
 Venus; the juice of the leaves, while they 
 are young, or the distilled water of them, 
 or the water that comes from the tree being 
 bored with an auger, and distilled after- 
 wards ; any of these being drank for some 
 days together, is available to break the 
 stone in the kidneys and bladder, and is 
 good also to wash sore mouths. 
 
 BIRD'S FOOT. 
 
 THIS small herb grows not above a span 
 high with many branches spread upon the 
 ground, set with many wings of small leaves. 
 The flowers grow upon the branches, many 
 small ones of a pale yellow colour being 
 set a-head together, which afterwards turn 
 into small jointed pods, well resembling 
 the claw of small birds, whence it took its 
 name. . 
 
 There is another sort of Bird's Foot in 
 all things like the former, but a little larger; 
 the flowers of a pale whitish and red colour, 
 and the pods distinct by joints like the 
 other, but little more crooked ; and the 
 roots do carry many small white knots or 
 kernels amongst the strings. 
 
 Place.~\ These grow on heaths, and many 
 open untilled places of this and. 
 
 1 'ime.J They flower and seed in the end 
 of Summer. 
 
 Government and virtues^ They belong to 
 Saturn and are of a drying, binding quality, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 25 
 
 and thereby very good to be used in wound 
 drinks, as also to^ apply outwardly for the 
 same purpose. But the latter Bird's Foot 
 is found by experience to break the stone 
 in the back or kidneys, and drives them 
 forth, if the decoction thereof be taken ; 
 and it wonderfully helps the ruptures, be- 
 ing taken inwardly, and outwardly applied 
 to the place. 
 
 All sorts have best operations upon the 
 stone, as ointments and plaisters have upon 
 wounds: and therefore you may make a 
 salt of this for the stone; the way how to 
 do so may be found in my translation of the 
 London Dispensatory ; and it may be 1 
 may give you it again in plainer terms at 
 the latter end of this book. 
 
 BISHOP'S-WEED. 
 
 BESIDES the common name Bishop's- 
 weed, it is usually known by the Greek 
 name Ammi and Ammois; some call it 
 Ethiopian Cummin-seed, and others Cum- 
 min-royal, as also Herb William, and Bull- 
 wort. 
 
 Descript^] Common Bishop's-weed rises 
 up with a round straight stalk, sometimes 
 as high as a man, but usually three or four 
 feet high, beset with divers small, long and 
 somewhat broad leaves, cut in some places, 
 and dented about the edges, growing one 
 against another, of a dark green colour, 
 having sundry branches on them, and at the 
 top small umbels of white flowers, which 
 turn into small round seeds little bigger than 
 Parsley seeds, of a quick hot scent and 
 taste; the root is white and stringy; perish- 
 ing yearly, and usually rises again on its 
 own sowing. 
 
 Place.'] It grows wild in many places in 
 England and Wales, as between Green- 
 hithe and Gravesend. 
 
 Government and virtues. .] It is hot and 
 dry in the third degree, of a bitter taste, 
 and somewhat sharp withal; it provokes 
 lust to purpose ; I suppose Venus owns it. 
 
 It digests humours, provokes urine and 
 women's courses, dissolves wind, and being 
 taken in wine it eases pains and griping in 
 the bowels, and is good against the biting 
 of serpents ; it is used to good effect in 
 those medicines which are given to hinder 
 the poisonous operation of Cantharides, 
 upon the passage of the urine : being 
 mixed with honey and applied to black 
 and blue marks, coming of blows or bruises, 
 it takes them away ; and being drank or 
 outwardly applied, it abates a high colour, 
 and makes it pale; and the fumes thereof 
 taken with rosin or raisins, cleanses the 
 mother. 
 
 BISTORT, OR SNAKEWEED. 
 
 IT is called Snakeweed, English Serpen- 
 tary, Dragon-wort, Osterick, and Passions. 
 
 Descript.~] This has a thick short knobbed 
 root, blackish without, and somewhat red- 
 dish within, a little crooked or turned 
 together, of a hard astringent taste, with 
 divers black threads hanging therefrom, 
 whence springs up every year divers leaves, 
 standing upon long footstalks, being some- 
 what broad and long like a dock leaf, and 
 a little pointed at the ends, but that it is ot 
 a blueish green colour on the upper side, 
 and of an ash-colour grey, and a little pur- 
 plish underneath, with divers veins therein, 
 from among which rise up divers small and 
 slender stalks, two feet high, and almost 
 naked and without leaves, or with a very 
 few, and narrow, bearing a spiky bush of 
 pale-coloured flowers; which being past, 
 there abides small seed, like unto Sorrel 
 seed, but greater. 
 
 There are other sorts of Bistort growing 
 in this land, but smaller, both in height 
 root, and stalks, and especially in the leaves. 
 The root blackish without, and somewhat 
 whitish within ; of an austere binding taste, 
 as the former. 
 
 Place.'] They grow in shadowy moist 
 woods, and at the foot of hills, but are 
 
26 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 chiefly nourished up in gardens. The nar- 
 row leafed Bistort grows in the north, in 
 Lancashire, Yorkshire, and Cumberland. 
 
 TimeJ] They flower about the end of 
 May, and the seed is ripe about the begin- 
 ning of July. 
 
 Government and virtues '.] It belongs to 
 Saturn, and is in operation cold and dry ; 
 both the leaves and roots have a powerful 
 faculty to resist all poison. The root, in 
 powder, taken in drink expels the venom of 
 the plague, the small-pox, measels, purples, 
 or any other infectious disease, driving 
 it out by sweating. The root in powder, 
 the decoction thereof in wine being drank, 
 stays all manner of inward bleeding, or 
 spitting of blood, and any fluxes in the 
 body of either man or woman, or vomiting. 
 It is also very available against ruptures, 
 or burstings, or all bruises from falls, dissolv- 
 ing the congealed blood, and easing the 
 pains that happen thereupon ; it also helps 
 the jaundice. 
 
 The water, distilled from both leaves and 
 roots, is a singular remedy to wash any 
 place bitten or stung by any venomous 
 creature; as also for any of the purposes 
 before spoken of, and is very good to wash 
 any running sores or ulcers. The decoction 
 of the root in wine being drank, hinders 
 abortion or miscarriage in child-bearing. 
 The leaves also kill the worms in children, 
 and is a great help to them that cannot keep 
 their water; if the juice of Plaintain be 
 added thereto, and outwardly applied, much 
 helps the ghonorrhea, or running of the 
 reins. A dram of the powder of the root, 
 taken in water thereof, wherein some red 
 hot iron or steel hath been quenched, is also 
 an admirable help thereto, so as the body 
 be first prepared and purged from the of- 
 fensive humours. The leaves, seed, or roots, 
 are all very good in decoction, drinks, or 
 lotions, for inward or outward wounds, or 
 other sores. And the powder, strewed upon 
 any cut or wound in a vein, stays the 
 
 immoderate bleeding thereof. The decoc- 
 tion of the root in water, where unto some 
 pomegranate peels and flowers are added, 
 injected into the matrix, stays the immo- 
 derate flux of the courses. The root there- 
 of, with pelitory of Spain and burnt alum, 
 of each a little quantity, beaten small and 
 into paste with some honey, and a little 
 piece thereof put into a hollow tooth, or 
 held between the teeth, if there be no hol- 
 lowness in them, stays the defluction of 
 rheum upon them which causes pains, and 
 helps to cleanse the head, and void much 
 offensive water. The distilled water is very 
 effectual to wash sores or cankers in the 
 nose, or any other part; if the powder of 
 the root be applied thereunto afterwards. 
 It is good also to fasten the gums, and to 
 take away the heat and inflammations that 
 happen in the jaws, almonds of the throat, 
 or mouth, if the decoction of the leaves, 
 roots, or seeds bruised, or the juice of them, 
 be applied ; but the roots are most effectual 
 to the purposes aforesaid. 
 
 ONE-BLADE. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS small plant never bears 
 more than one leaf, but only when it rises 
 up with its stalk, which thereon bears 
 another, and seldom more, which are of a 
 blueish green colour, broad at the bottom, 
 and pointed with many ribs or veins like 
 Plaintain; at the top of the stalk grow-; 
 many small flowers star-fashion, smelling 
 somewhat sweet ; after which comes small 
 reddish berries when they are ripe. The 
 root small, of the bigness of a rush, lying 
 and creeping under the upper crust of the 
 earth, shooting forth in divers places. 
 
 Place.'} It grows in moist, shadowy, 
 grassy places of woods, in many places of 
 this realm. 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers about May, and the 
 berries are ripe in June, and then quickly 
 perishes, until the next year it springs from 
 the same again. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 27 
 
 Government and virtues.~\ It is a herb of 
 the Sun, and therefore cordial; half a dram, 
 or a dram at most, of the root hereof in 
 powder taken in wine and vinegar, of each 
 a little quantity, and the party presently 
 laid to sweat, is held to be a sovereign 
 remedy for those that are infected with the 
 plague, and have a sore upon them, by ex- 
 pelling the poison, and defending the heart 
 and spirit from danger. It is also accounted 
 a singular good wound herb, and therefore 
 used with other herbs in making such balms 
 as are necessary for curing of wounds, 
 either green or old, and especially if the 
 nerves be hurt. 
 
 THE BRAMBLE, OR BLACK-BERRY BUSH. 
 
 IT is so well known that it needs no 
 description. The virtues thereof are as 
 follows : 
 
 Government and virtues^] It is a plant of 
 Venus in Aries. If any ask the reason 
 why Venus is so prickly ? Tell them it is 
 because she is in the house of Mars. The 
 buds, leaves, and branches, while they are 
 green, are of a good use in the ulcers and 
 - putrid sores of the mouth and throat, and 
 of the quinsey, and likewise to heal other 
 fresh wounds and sores ; but the flowers 
 and fruit unripe are very binding, and so 
 profitable for the bloody flux, Tasks, and 
 are a fit remedy for spitting of blood. 
 Either the decoction of the powder or of 
 the root taken, is good to break or drive 
 forth gravel and the stone in the reins and 
 kidneys. The leaves and brambles, as 
 well green as dry, are exceeding good lotions 
 for sores in the mouth, or secret parts. 
 The decoction of them, and of the dried 
 branches, do much bind the belly and are 
 good for too much flowing of women's 
 courses ; the berries of the flowers are a 
 powerful remedy against the poison of the 
 most venomous serpents ; as well drank as 
 outwardly applied, helps the sores of the 
 fundament and the piles ; the juice of the 
 
 berries mixed with the juice of mulberries, 
 do bind more effectually, and helps all fret- 
 ting and eating sores and ulcers wheresoever. 
 The distilled water of the branches, leaves, 
 and flowers, or of the fruit, is very pleasant, 
 in taste, and very effectual in fevers and hot 
 distempers of the body, head, eyes, and 
 other parts, and for the purposes aforesaid. 
 The leaves boiled in lye, and the head 
 washed therewith, heals the itch and 
 running sores thereof, and makes the hair 
 black. The powder of the leaves strewed 
 on cankers and running ulcers, wonderfully 
 helps to heal them. Some use to conden- 
 sate the juice of the leaves, and some the 
 juice of the berries, to keep for their use 
 all the year, for the purposes aforesaid. 
 
 ELITES. 
 
 DescriptJ] OF these there are two sorts 
 commonly known, viz. white and red. 
 The white has leaves somewhat like to 
 Beets, but smaller, rounder and of a whitish 
 green colour, every one standing upon a 
 small long footstalk: the stalk rises up two 
 or three feet high, with such like leaves 
 thereon ; the flowers grow at the top in long 
 round tufts., or clusters, wherein are con- 
 tained small and round seeds; the root is 
 very full of threads or strings. 
 
 The red Elite is in all things like the 
 white but that its leaves and tufted heads 
 are exceeding red at first, and after turn 
 more purple. 
 
 There are other kinds of Elites which 
 grow different from the two former sorts 
 but little, but only the wild are smaller in 
 every part. 
 
 Place.'] They grow in gardens, and wild 
 in many places in this land. 
 
 Time.'] They seed in August and Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ They are all 
 of them cooling, drying, and binding, serv- 
 ing to restrain the fluxes of blood in either 
 man or woman, especially the red; which 
 i 
 
28 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 also stays the overflowing of the women's 
 reds, as the white Elites stays the whites 
 in women. It is an excellent secret ; you 
 cannot well fail in the use. They are all 
 under the dominion of Venus. 
 
 There is another sort of wild Elites like 
 the other wild kinds, but have long and 
 spiky heads of greenish seeds, seeming by ' 
 the thick setting together to be all seed. 
 
 This sort the fishers are delighted with, I 
 and it is good and usual bait; for fishes 
 will bite fast enough at them, if you have 
 wit enough to catch them when they bite. 
 
 BORAGE AND BUGLOSS. 
 
 THESE are so well known to the inhabi- 
 tants in every garden that I hold it needless 
 to describe them. 
 
 To these I may add a third sort, which 
 is not so common, nor yet so well known, 
 and therefore I shall give you its name and 
 description. 
 
 It is called Langue de Bceuf; but why 
 then should they call one herb by the name 
 of Bugloss, and another by the name Langue 
 de Bceuf? it is some question to me, seeing 
 one signifies Ox-tongue in Greek, and the 
 other signifies the same in French. 
 
 Descript^} The leaves whereof are smaller 
 than those of Bugloss but much rougher; 
 the stalks rising up about a foot and a half 
 high, and is most commonly of a red colour; 
 the flowers stand in scaly round heads, 
 being composed of many small yellow 
 flowers not much unlike to those of Dan- 
 delion, and the seed flieth away in down 
 as that doth ; you may easily know the 
 flowers by their taste, for they are very 
 bitter. 
 
 Place.] It grows wild in many places 
 of this land, and may be plentifully found 
 near London, as between Rotherhithe and 
 Deptford, by the ditch side. Its virtues 
 are held to be the same with Borage and 
 Bugloss, only this is somewhat hotter. 
 
 Time.~] They flower in June and July, 
 and the seed is ripe shortly after. 
 
 Government and virtuesJ] They are all 
 three herbs of Jupiter and under Leo, all 
 great cordials, and great strengthened of 
 nature. The leaves and roots are to very 
 good purpose used in putrid and pestilential 
 fevers, to defend the heart, and help to 
 resist and expel the poison, or the venom 
 of other creatures : the seed is of the like 
 effect ; and the seed and leaves are good 
 to increase milk in women's breasts; the 
 leaves, flowers, and seed, all or any of 
 them, are good to expel pensiveness and 
 melancholy; it helps to clarify the blood, 
 and mitigate heat in fevers. The juice 
 made into a syrup prevails much to all 
 the purposes aforesaid, and isput, with other 
 cooling, opening and cleansing herbs to 
 open obstructions, and help the yellow jaun- 
 dice, and mixed with Fumitory, to cool 
 cleanse, and temper the blood thereby ; it 
 helps the itch, ringworms and tetters, or 
 other spreading scabs or sores. The flowers 
 candied or made into a conserve, are help- 
 ful in the former cases, but are chiefly used 
 as a cordial, and are good for those that 
 are weak in long sickness, and to comfort 
 the heart and spirits of those that are in a 
 consumption, or troubled with often swoon- 
 ings, or passions of the heart. The distilled 
 water is no less effectual to all the purposes 
 aforesaid, and helps the redness and inflam- 
 mations of the eyes, being washed there- 
 with; the herb dried is never used, but the 
 green; yet the ashes thereof boiled in 
 mead, or honied water, is available against 
 the inflammations and ulcers in the mouth 
 or throat, to gargle it therewith; the roots 
 of Bugloss are effectual, being made into 
 a licking electuary for the cough, and to 
 condensate thick phlegm, and the rheuma- 
 tic distillations upon the lungs. 
 
 BLUE-BOTTLE. 
 
 IT is called Syanus, 1 suppose from the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 29 
 
 colour of it; Hurt-sickle, because it turns 
 the edge of the sickles that reap the corn ; 
 Blue-blow, Corn-flower, and Blue-bottle. 
 
 DescriptJ] I shall only describe that 
 which is commonest, and in my opinion 
 most useful; its leaves spread upon the 
 ground, being of a whitish green colour, 
 somewhat on the edges like those of Corn- 
 Scabio.ns, amongst which rises up a stalk 
 divided into divers branches, beset with 
 long leaves of a greenish colour, either but 
 very little indented, or not at all ; the 
 flowers are of a blueish colour, from whence 
 it took its name, consisting of an innumera- 
 ble company of flowers set in a scaly head, 
 not much unlike those of Knap-weed ; 
 the seed is smooth, bright, and shining, 
 wrapped up in a woolly mantle ; the root 
 perishes every year. 
 
 Place. .] They grow in cornfields, amongst 
 all sorts of corn (pease, beans, and tares 
 excepted.) If you please to take them up 
 from thence, and transplant them in your 
 garden, especially towards the full of 
 the moon, they will grow more double than 
 they are, and many times change colour. 
 
 TimeJ] They flower from the beginning 
 of May, to the end of the harvest. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] As they are 
 naturally cold, dry, and binding, so they 
 are under the dominion of Saturn. The 
 powder or dried leaves of the Blue-bottle, 
 or Corn-flower, is given with good success 
 to those that are bruised by a fall, or have 
 broken a vein inwardly, and void much 
 blood at the mouth; being taken in the 
 water of Plaintain, Horsetail, or the greater 
 Confrey, it is a remedy against the poison 
 of the Scorpion, and resists all venoms and 
 poison. The seed or leaves taken in wine, 
 is very good against the plague, and all in- 
 fectious diseases, and is very good in pes- 
 tilential fevers. The juice put into fresh or 
 green wounds, doth quickly solder up the 
 lips of them together, and is very effectual 
 to heal all ulcers and sores in the mouth. 
 
 The juice dropped into the eyes takes away 
 the heat and inflammation of them. The 
 distilled water of this herb, has the same 
 properties, and may be used for the effects 
 aforesaid. 
 
 BRANK URSINE. 
 
 BESIDES the common name Brank- 
 Ursine, it is also called Bear's-breach, and 
 Acanthus, though I think our English 
 names to be more proper ; for the Greek 
 word Acanthus, signifies any thistle what- 
 soever. 
 
 DescriptJ] This thistle shoots forth very 
 many large, thick, sad green smooth leaves 
 on the ground, with a very thick and juicy 
 middle rib; the leaves are parted with 
 sundry deep gashes on the edges; the leaves 
 remain a long time, before any stalk ap- 
 pears, afterwards rising up a reasonable big 
 stalk, three or four feet high, and bravely 
 decked with flowers from the middle of the 
 stalk upwards ; for on the lower part of the 
 stalk, there is neither branches nor leaf. 
 The flowers are hooded and gaping, being 
 white in colour, and standing in brownish 
 husk, with a long small undivided leaf 
 under each leaf; they seldom seed in our 
 country. Its roots are many, great and 
 thick, blackish without and whitish within, 
 full of a clammy sap ; a piece of them if 
 you set it in the garden, and defend it from 
 the first Winter cold will grow and flourish. 
 
 Place J] They are only nursed in the 
 gardens in England, where they will grow 
 very well. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June and July. 
 
 Government and virtues] It is an excel- 
 lent plant under the dominion of the Moon; 
 I could wish such as are studious would 
 labour to keep it in their gardens. The 
 leaves being boiled and used in clysters, is 
 excellant good to mollify the belly, and 
 make the passage slippery. The decoction 
 drank inwardly, is excellent and good for 
 the bloody-flux : The leaves being bruised, 
 
30 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 or rather boiled and applied like a poultice 
 are excellent good to unite broken bones 
 and strengthen joints that have been put 
 out. The decoction of eitker leaves or 
 roots being drank, and the decoction of 
 leaves applied to the place, is excellent 
 good for the king's evil that is broken and 
 runs; for by the influence of the moon, 
 it revives the ends of the viens which are 
 relaxed. There is scarce a better remedy to 
 be applied to such places as are burnt with 
 fire than this is, for it fetches out the fire, 
 and heals it without a scar. This is an 
 excellent remedy for such as are bursten, 
 being either taken inwardly, or applied to 
 the place. In like manner used, it helps 
 the cramp and the gout. It is excellently 
 good in hectic fevers, and restores radical 
 moisture to such as are in consumptions. 
 
 BRIONT, OR WILD VINE. 
 
 IT is called Wild, and Wood Vine, Tamus, 
 or Ladies' Seal. The white is called White 
 Vine by some ; and the black, Black Vine. 
 
 DescriptJ] The common White Briony 
 grows ramping upon the hedges, sending 
 forth many long, rough, very tender 
 branches at the beginning, with many very 
 rough, and broad leaves thereon, cut (for 
 the most part) into five partitions, in form 
 very like a vine leaf, but smaller, rough, and 
 of a whitish hoary green colour, spreading 
 very far, spreading and twining with his 
 small claspers (that come forth at the joints 
 with the leaves) very far on whatsoever 
 stands next to it. At the several joints 
 also (especially towards the top of the 
 branches) comes forth a long stalk bearing 
 many whitish flowers together on a long 
 tuft, consisting of five small leaves a-piece, 
 laid open like a star, after which come the 
 berries separated one from another, more 
 than a cluster of grapes, green at the first, 
 and very red when they are thorough ripe, 
 of no good scent, but of a most loathsome 
 taste provokes vomit. The root grows to 
 
 be exceeding great, with many long twines 
 or branches going from it, of a pale whitish 
 colour on the outside, and more white 
 within, and of a sharp, bitter, loathsome 
 taste. 
 
 Place.~] It grows on banks, or under 
 hedges, through this land, ; the roots lie 
 very deep. 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers in July and August, 
 some earlier, and some later than the other. 
 
 Government and virtues^] They are furious 
 martial plants. The root of Briony purges 
 the belly with great violence, troubling the 
 stomach and burning the liver, and there- 
 fore not rashly to be taken ; but being cor- 
 rected, is very profitable for the diseases 
 of the head, as falling sickness, giddiness, 
 and swimmings, by drawing away much 
 phlegm and rheumatic humours that op- 
 press the head, as also the joints and 
 sinews; and is therefore good for palsies, 
 convulsions, cramps, and stitches in the 
 sides, and the dropsy, and for provoking 
 urine; it cleanses the reins and kidneys 
 from gravel and stone, by opening thje ob- 
 structions of the spleen, and consume, the 
 hardness and swelling thereof. The de- 
 coction of the root in wine, drank once a 
 week at going to bed, cleanses the mother, 
 and helps the rising thereof, expels the 
 dead child ; a dram of the root in powder 
 taken in white wine, brings down their 
 courses. An electuary made of the roots 
 and honey, doth mightily cleanse the chest 
 of rotten phlegm, and wonderfully help 
 any old strong cough, to those that are 
 troubled with shortness of breath, and is 
 good for them that are bruised inwardly, to 
 help to expel the clotted or congealed blood. 
 The leaves, fruit, and root do cleanse old 
 and filthy sores, are good against all fret- 
 ting and running cankers, gangrenes, and 
 tetters and therefore the berries are by 
 some country people called tetter-berries. 
 The root cleanses the skin wonderfully 
 from all black and blue spots, freckles, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 31 
 
 morphew, leprosy, foul scars, or other de- 
 formity whatsoever ; also all running scabs 
 and manginess are healed by the powder of 
 the dried root, or the juice thereof, but 
 especially by the fine white hardened juice. 
 The distilled water of the root works the 
 same effects, but more weakly; the root 
 bruised and applied of itself to any place 
 where the bones are broken, helps to draw 
 them forth, as also splinters and thorns in 
 the flesh; and being applied with a little 
 wine mixed therewith, it breaks boils, and 
 helps whitlows on the joints. For all these 
 latter, beginning at sores, cancers, &c. 
 apply it outwardly, mixing it with a little 
 hog's grease, or other convenient ointment. 
 As for the former diseases where it must 
 be taken inwardly, it purges very violently, 
 and needs an abler hand to correct it than 
 most country people have. 
 
 BROOK LIME, OB WATER-PIMPERNEL. 
 
 DescrtptJ] THIS sends forth from a 
 creeping root that shoots forth strings at 
 every joint, as it runs, divers and sundry 
 green stalks, round and sappy with some 
 branches on them, somewhat broad, round, 
 deep green, and thick leaves set by couples 
 thereon ; from the bottom whereof shoot 
 forth long foot stalks, with sundry small 
 blue flowers on them, that consist of five 
 small round pointed leaves a piece. 
 
 There is another sort nothing different 
 from the former, but that it is greater, and 
 the flowers of a paler green colour. 
 
 Place.~] They grow in small standing 
 waters, and usually near Water-Cresses. 
 
 Time.~\ And flower in June and July, 
 giving seed the next month after. 
 
 Government and virlnes.~\ It is a hot and 
 biting martial plant. Brook-lime and 
 Water-Cresses are generally used together 
 in diet-drink, with other things serving to 
 purge the blood and body from all ill 
 humours that would destroy health, and 
 are helpful to the scurvy. They do all 
 
 provoke urine, and help to break the stone, 
 and pass it away; they procure women's 
 courses, and expel the dead child. Being 
 fried with butter and vinegar, and applied 
 warm, it helps all manner of tumours, swel- 
 lings, and inflammations. 
 
 Such drinks ought to be made of sundry 
 herbs, according to the malady. I shall 
 give a plain and easy rule at the latter end 
 of this book. 
 
 BUTCHER'S BROOM. 
 
 IT is called Ruscus, and Bruscus, Knee- 
 holm, Kneeholly, Kneehulver, and Petti- 
 gree. 
 
 Descript.~\ The first shoots that sprout 
 from the root of Butcher's Broom, are 
 thick, whitish, and short, somewhat like 
 those of Asparagus, but greater, they rise 
 up to be a foot and half high, are spread 
 into divers branches, green, and somewhat 
 creased with the roundness, tough and flex- 
 ible, whereon are set somewhat broad and 
 almost round hard leaves and prickly, 
 pointed at the end, of a dark green colour, 
 two at the most part set at a place, very 
 close and near together ; about the middle 
 of the leaf, on the back and lower sid ) 
 from the middle rib, breaks forth a small 
 whitish green flower, consisting of four 
 small round pointed leaves, standing upon 
 little or no footstalk, and in the place 
 whereof comes a small round berry, green 
 at the first, and red when it is ripe, wherein 
 are two or three white, hard, round seeds 
 contained. The root is thick, white and 
 great at the head, and from thence sends 
 forth divers thick, white long, tough strings. 
 
 Place.~\ It grows in copses, and upon 
 heaths and waste grounds, and oftentimes 
 under or near the holly bushes. 
 
 TimeJ] It shoots forth its young buds 
 in the Spring, and the berries are ripe 
 about September, the branches of leaves 
 abiding green all the Winter. 
 
 Government and virtues] It is a pknt of 
 K 
 
32 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Mars, being of a gallant cleansing and 
 opening quality. The decoction of the 
 root made with wine opens obstructions, 
 provokes urine, helps to expel gravel and 
 the stone, the stranguary and women's 
 courses, also the yellow jaundice and the 
 head-ache; and with same honey or sugar 
 put thereunto, cleanses the breast of phlegm, 
 and the chest of such clammy humours 
 gathered therein. The decoction of the 
 root drank, and a poultice made of the 
 berries and leaves applied, are effectual in 
 knitting and consolidating broken bones or 
 parts out of joint. The common way of 
 using it, is to boil the root of it, and Parsley 
 and Fennel and Smallage in white wine, and 
 drink the decoction, adding the like quan- 
 tity of Grass-root to them : The more of 
 the root you boil, the stronger will the de- 
 coction be; it works no ill effects, yet I 
 hope jou have wit enough to give the 
 strongest decoction to the strongest bodies. 
 
 BROOM, AND BROOM-RAPE. 
 
 To spend time in writing a description 
 hereof is altogether needless, it being so 
 generally used by all the good housewives 
 almost through this land to sweep their 
 houses with, and therefore very well known 
 to all sorts of people. 
 
 The Broom-rape springs up in many 
 places from the roots of the broom (but 
 more often in fields, as by hedge-sides and 
 on heaths). The stalk whereof is of the 
 bigness of a finger or thumb, above two 
 feet high, having a shew of leaves on them, 
 and many flowers at the top, of a reddish 
 yellow colour, as also the stalks and leaves 
 are. 
 
 Place.] They grow in many places of 
 this land commonly, and as commonly 
 spoil all the land they grow in. 
 
 Time.] They flower in the Summer 
 months, and give their seed before Winter. 
 
 Government and virtues] The juice or 
 decoction of the young branches, or seed, 
 
 or the powder of the seed taken in drink 
 purges downwards, and draws phlegmatic 
 and watery humours from the joints ; where- 
 by it helps the dropsy, gout, sciatica, and 
 pains of the hips and joints; it also pro- 
 vokes strong vomits, and helps the pains of 
 the sides, and swelling of the spleen, 
 cleanses also the reins or kidneys and blad- 
 der of the stone, provokes urine abundantly, 
 and hinders the growing again of the stone 
 in the body. The continual use of the 
 powder of the leaves and seed doth cure 
 the black jaundice. The distilled water of 
 the flowers is profitable for all the same 
 purposes : it also helps Surfeit, and alters 
 the fit of agues, if three or four ounces 
 thereof, with as much of the water of the 
 lesser Centaury, and a little sugar put there- 
 in, be taken a little before the fit comes, 
 and the party be laid down to sweat in his 
 bed. The oil or water that is drawn from 
 the end of the green sticks heated in the 
 fire, helps the tooth-ache. The juice of 
 young branches made into an ointment of 
 old hog's grease, and anointed, or the young 
 branches bruised and heated in oil or hog's 
 grease, and laid to the sides pained by 
 wind, as in stitches, or the spleen, ease 
 them in once or twice using it. The same 
 boiled in oil is the safest and surest medicine 
 to kill lice in the head or body of any; 
 and is an especial remedy for joint aches, 
 and swollen knees, that come by the falling 
 down of humours. 
 
 The BROOM RAPE also is not witJiout its 
 virtues. 
 
 THE decoction thereof in wine, is thought 
 to be as effectual to void the stone in the 
 kidney or bladder, and to provoke urine, 
 as the Broom itself. The juice thereof is 
 a singular good help to cure as well green 
 wounds, as old and filthy sores and malig- 
 nant ulcers. The insolate oil, wherein there 
 has been three cr four repetitions of infusion 
 of the top stalks, with flowers strained and 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 33 
 
 cleared, cleanses the skin from all manner 
 of spots, marks, and freckles that rise, either 
 by the heat of the sun, or the malignity of 
 humours. As for the Broom and Broom- 
 rape, Mars owns them, and is exceeding 
 prejudicial to the liver, I suppose by reason 
 of the antipathy between Jupiter and Mars; 
 therefore if the liver be disaffected, minis- 
 ter none of it. 
 
 BUCK'S-HORN PLANTAIN. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS being sown of seed, 
 rises up at first with small, long, narrow, 
 hairy, dark green leaves like grass, without 
 any division or gash in them, but those that 
 follow are gashed in on both sides the 
 leaves into three or four gashes, and point- 
 ed at the ends, resembling the knags of a 
 buck's horn (whereof it took its name), and 
 being well wound round about the root 
 upon the ground, in order one by another, 
 thereby resembling the form of a star, from 
 among which rise up divers hairy stalks, 
 about a hand's breadth high, bearing every 
 one a small, long spiky head, like to those 
 of the common Plantain having such like 
 bloomings and seed after them. The root 
 is single, long and small, with divers strings 
 at it. 
 
 Place.'] They grow in sandy grounds, 
 as in Tothill-fields by Westminster, and 
 divers other places of this land. 
 
 Time.'] They flower and seed in May, 
 June, and July, and their green leaves do 
 in a manner abide fresh all the Winter. 
 
 Government and virtues.~\ It is under the 
 dominion of Saturn, and is of a gallant, 
 drying, and binding quality. This boiled 
 in wine and drank, and some of the leaves 
 put to the hurt place, is an excellent re- 
 medy for the biting of the viper or adder, 
 which I take to be one and the same. The 
 same being also drank, helps those that are 
 troubled with the stone in the reins or kid- 
 neys, by cooling the heat of the part af- 
 flicted, and strengthens them also weak 
 
 stomachs that cannot retain, but cast up 
 their meat. It stays all bleeding both at 
 mouth or nose ; bloody urine or the bloody- 
 flux, and stops the lask of the belly and 
 bowels. The leaves hereof bruised and 
 laid to their sides that have an ague, sud- 
 denly ease the fits; and the leaves and roots 
 applied to the wrists, works the same effect. 
 The herb boiled in ale and wine, and given 
 for some mornings and evenings together, 
 stays the distillation of hot and sharp 
 rheums falling into the eyes from the head, 
 and helps all sorts of sore eyes. 
 
 BUCK'S HORN. 
 
 IT is called Hart's-horn, Herba-stella and 
 Herba-stellaria, Sanguinaria, Herb-Eve, 
 Herb-Ivy, Wort-Tresses,and Swine-Cresses. 
 
 DescriptJ] They have many small and 
 
 weak straggled branches trailing here and 
 
 there upon the ground : The leaves are 
 
 many, small and jagged, not much unlike 
 
 to those of Buck's-horn Plantain, but much 
 
 smaller, and not so hairy. The flowers 
 
 grow among the leaves in small, rough, 
 
 i whitish clusters ; the seeds are smaller and 
 
 1 brownish, of a bitter taste. 
 
 Placed] They grow in dry, barren, sandy 
 grounds. 
 
 Time.] They flower and seed when the 
 rest of the Plantains do. 
 
 Government and virtues] This is also 
 under the dominion of Saturn; the virtues 
 are held to be the same as Buck's-horn 
 Plaintain, and therefore by all authors it is 
 joined with it. The leaves bruised and ap- 
 plied to the place, stop bleeding. The 
 herbs bruised and applied to warts, will 
 make them consume and waste in a short 
 time. 
 
 BUGLE. 
 
 BESIDES the name Bugle, -it is called 
 Middle Confound and Middle Comfrey, 
 Brown Bugle, and by some Sicklewort, and 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Herb-Carpenter ; though in Essex we call 
 another herb by that name. 
 
 Descript.^ This has larger leaves than 
 those of the Self-heal, but else of the same 
 fashion, or rather longer; in some green on 
 the upper side, and in others more brown- 
 ish, dented about the edges, somewhat hairy, 
 as the square stalk is also which rises up to 
 be half a yard high sometimes, with the 
 leaves set by couples, from the middle 
 almost, whereof upwards stand the flowers, 
 together with many smaller and browner 
 leaves than the rest, on the stalk below set 
 at distance, and the stalk bare between 
 them; among which flowers, are also small 
 ones of a blueish and sometimes of an ash 
 colour, fashioned like the flowers of Ground- 
 ivy, after which come small, round blackish 
 seeds. The root is composed of many 
 strings, and spreads upon the ground. 
 
 The white flowered Bugle differs not in 
 form or greatness from the former, saving 
 that the leaves and stalks are always green, 
 and never brown, like the other, and the 
 flowers thereof are white. 
 
 Place. ] They grow in woods, copses, 
 and fields, generally throughout England, 
 but the white flowered Bugle is not so 
 plentiful as the former. 
 
 TimeJ] They flower from May until July, 
 and in the mean time perfect their seed. 
 The roots and leaves next thereunto upon 
 the ground abiding all the Winter. 
 
 Government and virtues J] This herb be- 
 longs to Dame Venus : If the virtues of it 
 makes you fall in love with it (as they will 
 if you be wisej keep a syrup of it to take 
 inwardly, an ointment and plaister of it 
 to use outwardly, always by you. 
 
 The decoction of the leaves and flowers 
 made in wine, and taken, dissolves the con- 
 gealed blood in those that are bruised in- 
 wardly by a fall, or otherwise is very 
 effectual for any inward wounds, thrusts, 
 or stabs in the body or bowels ; and it is 
 an especial help in all wound-drinks, and 
 
 for those that are liver-grown (as they call 
 it.) It is wonderful in curing all manner of 
 ulcers and sores, whether new and fresh, 
 or old and inveterate ; yea, gangrenes and 
 fistulas also, if the leaves bruised and ap- 
 plied, or their juice be used to Wash and 
 bathe the place ; and the same made into a 
 lotion, and some honey and alum, cures 
 all sores in the mouth and gums, be they 
 ever so foul, or of long continuance ; and 
 works no less powerfully and effectually for 
 such ulcers and sores as happen in the 
 secret parts of men and women. Being 
 also taken inwardly, or outwardly applied, 
 it helps those that have broken any bone, 
 or have any member out of joint. An 
 ointment made with the leaves of Bugle, 
 Scabions and Sanicle, bruised and boiled 
 in hog's grease, until the herbs be dry, and 
 then strained forth into a pot for such ' 
 occasions as shall require ; it is so singularly 
 good for all sorts of hurts in the body, that 
 none that know its usefulness will be with- 
 out it. 
 
 The truth is, I have known this herb cure 
 some diseases of Saturn, of which I thought 
 good to quote one. Many times such as 
 give themselves much to drinking are 
 troubled with strange fancies, strange sights 
 in the night time, and some with voices, 
 as also with the disease Ephialtes, or the 
 Mare. I take the reason of this to be 
 (according to Fernelius) a melancholy 
 vapour made thin by excessive drinking 
 strong liquor, and, so flies up and disturbs 
 the fancy, and breeds imaginations like 
 itself, viz. fearful and troublesome. Those 
 I have known cured by taking only two 
 spoonfuls, of the syrup of this herb after 
 supper two hours, when you go to bed. 
 But whether this does it by sympathy, or 
 antipathy, is some doubt in astrology. I 
 know there is great antipathy between 
 Saturn and Venus in matter of procreation; 
 yea, such a one, that the barrenness of 
 Saturn can be removed by none but Venus ! 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 35 
 
 nor the lust of Venus be repelled by none 
 but Saturn; but I am not of opinion this 
 is done this way, and my reason is, because 
 these vapours though in quality melan- 
 choly, yet by their flying upward, seem to 
 be something aerial; therefore I rather think 
 it is done by antipathy; Saturn being 
 exalted in Libra, in the house of Venus. 
 
 BURNET. 
 
 IT is called Sanguisorbia, Pimpinella, 
 Bipulo, Solbegrella, &c. The common 
 garden Burnet is so well known, that it 
 needs no description. There is another sort 
 which is wild, the description whereof take 
 as follows: 
 
 DescriptJ] The great wild Burnet has 
 winged leaves arising from the roots like the 
 garden Burnet, but not so many ; yet each 
 of these leaves are at the least twice as 
 large as the other, and nicked in the same 
 manner about the edges, of a greyish colour 
 on the under side ; the stalks are greater, 
 and rise higher, with many such leaves set 
 thereon, and greater heads at the top, of a 
 brownish colour, and out of them come 
 small dark purple flowers, like the former, 
 but greater. The root is black and long 
 like the other, but greater also : it has almost 
 neither scent nor taste therein, like the 
 garden kind. 
 
 Place.~] It first grows frequently in gar- 
 dens. The wild kind grows in divers 
 counties of this land, especially in Hunting- 
 don, in Northamptonshire, in the meadows 
 there : as also near London, by Pancras 
 church, and by a causeway-side in the middle 
 of a field by Paddington. 
 
 Time.'} They flower about the end of 
 June and beginning of July, and their seed 
 is ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues] This is an herb 
 the Sun challenges dominion over, and is 
 a most precious herb, little inferior to 
 Betony ; the continual use of it preserves 
 
 the body in health, and the spirits in vigour; 
 for if the Sun be the preserver of life under 
 God, his herbs are the best in the world to 
 do it by. They are accounted to be both of 
 one property, but the lesser is more effectual 
 because quicker and more aromatic: It 
 is a friend to the heart, liver, and other 
 principal parts of a man's body. Two or 
 three of the stalks, with leaves put into a 
 cup of wine, especially claret, are known 
 to quicken the spirits, refresh and cheer the 
 heart, and drive away melancholy : It is a 
 special help to defend the heart from noi- 
 some vapours, and from infection of the 
 pestilence, the juice thereof being taken in 
 some drink, and the party laid to sweat 
 thereupon. They have also a drying and 
 an astringent quality, whereby they are 
 available in all manner of fluxes of blood 
 or humours, to staunch bleedings inward or 
 outward, lasks, scourings, the bloody -flux, 
 women's too abundant flux of courses, the 
 whites, and the choleric belchings and cast- 
 ings of the stomach, and is a singular 
 wound-herb for all sorts of wounds, both 
 of the head and body, either inward or out- 
 ward, for all old ulcers, running cankers, 
 and most sores, to be used either by the 
 juice or decoction of the herb, or by the 
 powder of the herb or root, or the water of 
 the distilled herb, or ointment by itself, or 
 with other things to be kept. The seed is 
 also no less effectual both to stop fluxes, 
 and dry up moist sores, being taken in 
 powder inwardly in wine, or steeled water, 
 that is, wherein hot rods of steel have been 
 quenched; or the powder, or the seed 
 mixed with the ointments. 
 
 THE BUTTER-BUR, OR PETASITIS. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS rises up in February, 
 with a thick stalk about a foot high, where- 
 on are set a few small leaves, or rather 
 pieces, and at the top a long spiked head , 
 flowers of a blue or deep red colour, ac- 
 
36 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 cording to the soil where it grows, and be- 
 fore the stalk with the flowers have abiden 
 a month above ground, it will be withered 
 and gone, and blow away with the wind, 
 and the leaves will begin to spring, which 
 being full grown, are very large and broad, 
 being somewhat thin and almost round, 
 whose thick red foot stalks above a foot 
 long, stand to wards the middle of the leaves. 
 The lower part being divided into two round 
 parts, close almost one to another, and are 
 of a pale green colour; and hairy under- 
 neath. The root is long, and spreads under- 
 ground, being in some places no bigger than 
 one's finger, in others much bigger, blackish 
 on the outside, and whitish within, of a 
 bitter and unpleasant taste. 
 
 Place and Time.] They grow in low and 
 wet grounds by rivers and water sides. 
 Their flower (as is said) rising and decaying 
 in February and March, before their leaves, 
 which appear in April. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the 
 dominion of the Sun, and therefore is a 
 great strengthener of the heart, and clearer 
 of the vital spirit. The roots thereof are 
 by long experience found to be very avail- 
 able against the plague and pestilential 
 fevers by provoking sweat ; if the powder 
 thereof be taken in wine, it also resists the 
 force of any other poison. The root hereof 
 taken with Zedoary and Angelica, or without 
 them, helps the rising of the mother. The 
 decoction of the root in wine, is singularly 
 good for those that wheese much, or are 
 short-winded. It provokes urine also, and 
 women's courses, and kills the flat and 
 broad worms in the belly. The powder of 
 the root doth wonderfully help to dry up 
 the moisture of the sores that are hard to be 
 cured, and takes away all spots and 
 blemishes of the skin. It were well if 
 gentlewomen would keep this root preserved, 
 to help their poor neighbours. It is fit the 
 rich should help the poor, for the poor can- \ 
 not help themselves. 
 
 THE BURDOCK. 
 
 They are also called Personata, and 
 Loppy-major, great Burdock and Clod-bur. 
 It is so well known, even by the little boys, 
 who pull off the burs to throw and stick 
 upon each other, that I shall spare to write 
 any description of it. 
 
 Place.] They grow plentifully by ditches 
 and water-sides, and by the highways al- 
 most everywhere through this land. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Venus chal- 
 lenges this herb for her own, and by its leaf 
 or seed you may draw the womb which 
 way you please, either upwards by applying 
 it to the crown of the head, in case it falls 
 out ; or downwards in fits of the mother, 
 by applying it to the soles of the feet ; or 
 if you would stay it in its place, apply it to 
 the navel, and that is one good way to stay 
 the child in it. The Burdock leaves are 
 cooling, moderately drying, and discussing 
 withal, whereby it is good for old ulcers and 
 sores. A dram of the roots taken with 
 Pine kernels, helps them that spit foul, 
 mattery, and bloody phlegm. The leaves 
 applied to the places troubled with the 
 shrinking of the sinews or arteries, gives much 
 ease. The juice of the leaves, or rather 
 the roots themselves, given to drink with 
 old wine, doth wonderfully help the biting 
 of any serpents: And the root beaten with 
 a little salt, and laid on the place, suddenly 
 eases the pain thereof, and helps those that 
 are bit by a mad dog. The juice of the 
 leaves being drank with honey, provokes 
 urine, and remedies the pain of the bladder. 
 The seed being drank in wine forty days 
 together, doth wonderfully help the sciatica. 
 The leaves bruised with the white of an egg, 
 and applied to any place burnt with fire, 
 takes out the fire, gives sudden ease, and 
 heals it up afterwards. The decoction of 
 them fomented on any fretting sore, or 
 canker, stays the corroding quality, which 
 must be afterwards anointed with an oint- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 ment made of the same liquor, hog's -grease, 
 nitre, and vinegar boiled together. The 
 roots may be preserved with sugar, and 
 taken fasting, or at other times, for the same 
 purposes, and for consumptions, the stone, 
 and the lask. The seed is much commended 
 to break the stone, and cause it to be ex- 
 pelled by urine, and is often used with 
 other seeds and things to that purpose. 
 
 CABBAGES AND COLEWORTS. 
 
 I SHALL spare labour in writing a des- 
 cription of these, since almost every one 
 that can but write at all, may describe 
 them from his own knowledge, they being 
 generally so well known, that descriptions 
 are altogether needless. 
 
 Place. .] They are generally planted in 
 gardens. 
 
 TimeJ] Their flower time is towards the 
 middle, or end of July, and the seed is 
 ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues] The Cabbages 
 or Coleworts boiled gently in broth, and 
 eaten, do open the body, but the second 
 decoction doth bind the body. The juice 
 thereof drank in wine, helps those that are 
 bitten by an adder, and the decoction of the 
 flowers brings down women's courses : 
 Being taken with honey, it recovers hoarse- 
 ness, or loss of the voice. The often eating 
 of them well boiled, helps those that are 
 entering into a consumption. The pulp of 
 the middle ribs of Coleworts boiled in al- 
 mond milk, and made up into an electuary 
 with honey, being taken often, is very pro- 
 fitable for those that are puffy and short 
 winded. Being boiled twice, an old cock 
 boiled in the broth and drank, it helps the 
 pains and the obstructions of the liver and 
 spleen, and the stone in the kidneys. The 
 juice boiled with honey, and dropped into 
 the corner of the eyes, clears the sight, 
 by consuming any film or clouds beginning 
 to dim it; it also consumes the cankers 
 growing therein. They are much com- 
 
 mended, being eaten before meat to keep 
 one from surfeiting, as also from being 
 drunk with too much wind or quickly to 
 make a man sober again that was drunk be- 
 fore. For (as they say) there is such an 
 antipathy or enmity between the Vine and 
 the Coleworts, that the one will die where 
 the other grows. The decoction of Cole-* 
 worts takes away the pain and ache, and 
 'allays the swelling of sores and gouty 
 legs and knees, wherein many gross and 
 watery humours are fallen, the place being 
 bathed therewith warm. It helps also old 
 and filthy sores, being bathed therewith, 
 and heals all small scabs, pushes, and 
 wheals, that break out in the skin. The 
 ashes of Colewort stalks mixed with old 
 hog's-grease, are very effectual to anoint 
 the sides of those that have had long pains 
 therein, or any other place pained with 
 melancholy and windy humours. This was 
 surely Chrysippus's God, and therefore he 
 wrote a whole volume on them and their 
 virtues, and that none of the least neither, 
 for he would be no small fool ; He appro- 
 priates them to every part of the body, and 
 to every disease in every part : and honest 
 old Cato (they say) used no other physic. 
 I know not what metal their bodies were 
 made of; this I am sure, Cabbages are 
 extremely windy, whether you take them as 
 meat or as medicine : yea, as windy meat 
 as can be eaten, unless you eat bag-pipes or 
 bellows, and they are but seldom eaten in 
 our days ; and Colewort flowers are some- 
 thing more tolerable, and the wholesomer 
 food of the two. , The Moon challenges the 
 dominion of this herb. 
 
 THE SEA COLEWORTS. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS has divers somewhat 
 long and broad large and thick wrinkled 
 leaves, somewhat crumpled about the edges, 
 and growing each upon a thick footstalks 
 very brittle, of a greyish green colour, 
 from among which rises up a strong thick 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 stalk, two feet high and better, with some 
 leaves thereon to the top, where it branches 
 forth much; and on every branch stands a 
 large bush of pale whitish flowers, consist- 
 ing of four leaves a-piece : The root is 
 somewhat great, shoots forth many branches 
 under ground, keeping the leaves green all 
 the Winter. 
 
 P/ace.] They grow in many places upon 
 the sea-coasts, as well on the Kentish as 
 Essex shores ; as at Lid in Kent, Colches- 
 ter in Essex, and divers other places, and 
 jn other counties of this land. 
 
 Time.] They flower and seed about the 
 dme that other kinds do. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The Moon 
 claims the dominion of these also. The 
 broth, or first decoction of the Sea Colewort, 
 doth by the sharp, nitrous, and bitter qua- 
 lities therein, open the belly, and purge the 
 body ; it cleanses and digests more power- 
 fully than the other kind: The seed hereof, 
 bruised and drank, kills worms. The leaves 
 or the juice of them applied to sores or 
 ulcers, cleanses and heals them, and dis- 
 solves swellings, and takes away inflam- 
 mations. 
 
 CALAMINT, OR MOUNTAIN-MINT. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS is a small herb, seldom 
 rising above a foot high, with square hairy, 
 and woody stalks, and two small hoary 
 leaves set at a joint, about the height of 
 Marjoram, or not much bigger, a little dented 
 about the edges, and of a very fierce or 
 quick scent, as the whole herb is: The 
 flowers stand at several spaces of the stalk, 
 from the middle almost upwards, which are 
 small and gaping like to those of the Mints, 
 of a pale bluish colour : After which follow 
 small, round blackish seed. The root is 
 small and woody, with divers small strings 
 spreading within the ground, and dies not, 
 but abides many years. 
 
 It grows on heaths, and up- 
 
 lands, and dry grounds, in many places of 
 this land. 
 
 Time.~\ They flower in July and their 
 seed is ripe quickly after. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is an herb of 
 Mercury, and a strong one too, therefore 
 excellent good in all afflictions of the brain. 
 The decoction of the herb being drank, 
 brings down women's courses, and provokes 
 urine. It is profitable for those that are 
 bursten, or troubled with convulsions or 
 cramps, with shortness of breath, or choleric 
 torments and pains in their bellies or 
 stomach ; it also helps the yellow-jaundice, 
 and stays vomiting, being taken in wine. 
 Taken with salt and honey, it kills all 
 manner of worms in the body. It helps 
 such as have the leprosy, either taken in- 
 wardly, drinking whey after it, or the green 
 herb outwardly applied. It hinders con- 
 ception in women, but either burned or 
 strewed in the chamber, it drives away 
 venomous serpents. It takes away black 
 and blue marks in the face, and makes 
 black scars become well coloured, if the 
 green herb (not the dry) be boiled in wine, 
 and laid to the place, or the place washed 
 therewith. Being applied to the huckle- 
 bone, by continuance of time, it spends the 
 humours, which cause the pain of the 
 sciatica. The juice being dropped into 
 the ears, kills the worms in them. The 
 leaves boiled in wine, and drank, provoke 
 sweat, and open obstructions of the liver 
 and spleen. It helps them that have a ter- 
 tian ague (the body being first purged) by 
 taking away the cold fits. The decoction 
 hereof, with some sugar put thereto after- 
 wards, is very profitable for those that be 
 troubled with the over-flowing of the gall, 
 and that have an old cough, and that are 
 scarce able to breathe by shortness of their 
 wind; that have any cold distemper in their 
 bowels, and are troubled with the hardness 
 or the spleen, for all which purposes, both 
 the powder, called Diacaluminthes, and the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 39 
 
 compound Syrup of Calamint are the most 
 effectual. Let no women be too busy with 
 it, for it works very violent upon the femi- 
 nine part. 
 
 CAMOMILE. 
 
 IT is so well known every where, that it 
 is but lost time and labour to describe it. 
 The virtues thereof are as follow. 
 
 A decoction made of Camomile, and 
 drank, takes away all pains and stitches in 
 the side. The flowers of Camomile beaten, 
 and made up into balls with Gill, drive away 
 all sorts of agues, if the part grieved be 
 anointed with that oil, taken from the 
 flowers, from the crown of the head to the 
 sole of the foot, and afterwards laid to 
 sweat, in his bed, and that he sweats well. 
 This is Nechessor, an Egyptian's, medicine. 
 It is profitable for all sorts of agues that 
 come either from phlegm, or melancholy, 
 or from an inflammation of the bowels, 
 being applied when the humours causing 
 them shall be concocted; and there is 
 nothing more profitable to the sides and 
 region of the liver and spleen than it. The 
 bathing with a decoction of Camomile 
 takes away weariness, eases pains, to what 
 part of the body soever they be applied. 
 It comforts the sinews that are over-strained, 
 mollifies all swellings : It moderately com- 
 forts all parts that have need of warmth, 
 digests and dissolves whatsoever has need 
 thereof, by a wonderful speedy property. 
 It eases all pains of the cholic and stone, 
 and all pains and torments of the belly, 
 and gently provokes urine. The flowers 
 boiled in posset-drink provokes sweat, and 
 helps to expel all colds, aches, and pains 
 whatsoever, and is an excellent help to 
 bring down women's courses. Syrup made 
 of the juice of Camomile, with the flowers, 
 in white wine, is a remedy against the 
 jaundice and dropsy. The flowers boiled 
 m lye, are good to wash the head, and 
 
 comfort both it and the brain. The oil 
 made of the flowers of Camomile, is much 
 used against all hard swellings, pains, or 
 aches, shrinking of the sinews, or cramps, 
 or pains in the joints, or any other part of 
 the body. Being used in clysters, it helps 
 to dissolve the wind and pains in the belly ; 
 anointed also, it helps stitches and pains in 
 the sides. 
 
 Nechessor saith, the Egyptians dedicated 
 it to the Sun, because it cured agues, and 
 they were like enough to do it, for they 
 were the arrantest apes in their religion 
 that I ever read of. Bachinus, Bena, and 
 Lobel, commend the syrup made of the 
 juice of it and sugar, taken inwardly, to be 
 excellent for the spleen. Also this is cer- 
 tain, that it most wonderfully breaks the 
 stone : Some take it in syrup or decoction, 
 others inject the juice of it into the bladder 
 with a syringe. My opinion is, that the 
 salt of it, taken half a dram in the morning 
 in a little white or Rhenish wine, is better 
 than either; that it is excellent for the stone, 
 appears in this which I have seen tried, 
 viz., That a stone that has been taken out 
 of the body of a man being wrapped in 
 Camomile, will in time dissolve, and in a 
 little time too. 
 
 WATER-CALTROPS. 
 
 THEY are called also Tribulus Aquaticus, 
 Tribulus Lacusoris, Tribulus Marinus, 
 Caltrops, Saligos, Water Nuts, and Water 
 Chesnuts. 
 
 Descript.~] As for the greater sort oi 
 Water Caltrop it is not found here, or very 
 rarely. Two other sorts there are whicl 
 I shall here describe. The first has a long 
 creeping and jointed root, sending forth 
 tufts at each joint, from which joints rise 
 long, flat, slender, knotted stalks, even to 
 the top of the water, divided towards the 
 top into many branches, each carrying 
 two leaves on both sides, being about two 
 
 M 
 
40 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 inches long, and half an inch broad, thin 
 and almost transparent; they look as though 
 they were torn ; the flowers are long, thick, 
 and whitish, set together almost like a 
 bunch of grapes, which being gone, there 
 succeed, for the most part, sharp pointed 
 grains all together, containing a small white 
 kernel in them. 
 
 The second differs not much from this, 
 save that it delights in more clean water; 
 its stalks are not flat, but round; its leaves 
 are not so long, but more pointed. A s for 
 the plaee. we need not determine, for their 
 name shews they grow in water. 
 
 Government and virtues] They are under 
 the dominion of the Moon, and being made 
 into a poultice, are excellently good for 
 hot inflammations, swellings, cankers, sore 
 mouths and throats, being washed with the 
 decoction ; it cleanses and strengthens the 
 neck and throat, and helps those swellings 
 which, when people have, they say the 
 almonds of the ears are fallen down. It 
 is excellently good for the rankness of the 
 gums, a safe and present remedy for the 
 king's evil. They are excellent for the stone 
 and gravel, especially the nuts, being dried. 
 They also resist poison, and bitings of 
 venomous beasts. 
 
 CAMPION. WILD. 
 
 Descript] THE wild White Campion 
 has many long and somewhat broad dark 
 green leaves lying upon the ground, and 
 divers ribs therein, somewhat like plantain, 
 but somewhat hairy, broader, but not so 
 long. The hairy stalks rise up in the mid- 
 dle of them three or four feet high, and 
 sometimes more, with divers great white 
 joints at several places thereon, and two 
 such like leaves thereat up to the top, send- 
 ing forth branches at several joints also ; 
 all which bear on several foot-stalks white 
 flowers at the tops of them, consisting -of 
 five broad pointed leaves, every one cut in 
 
 on the end unto the middle, making them 
 seem to be two a-piece, smelling somewhat 
 sweet, and each of them standing in a 
 large green striped hairy husk, large and 
 round below next to the stalk. The seed is 
 small and greyish in the hard heads that 
 come up afterwards. The root is white and 
 long, spreading divers fangs in the ground. 
 
 The Red wild Campion grows in the same 
 manner as the White ; but its leaves are not 
 so plainly ribbed, somewhat shorter, rounder, 
 and more woolly in handling. The flowers 
 are of the same form and bigness ; but in 
 some of a pale, in others of a bright red- 
 colour, cut in at the ends more finely, which 
 makes the leaves look more in number than 
 the other. The seeds and the roots are 
 alike, the roots of both sorts abiding many 
 years. 
 
 There are forty-five kinds of Campion 
 more, those of them which are of a phy- 
 sical use, having the like virtues with those 
 above described, which I take to be the two 
 chief kinds. 
 
 Place.] They grow commonly through 
 this land by fields and hedge-sides, and 
 ditches. 
 
 Time] They flower in Summer, some 
 earlier than others, and some abiding longer 
 than others. 
 
 Government and virtues.] They belong 
 to Saturn, and it is found by experience, 
 that the decoction of the herb, either in 
 white or red wine being drank, doth stay 
 inward bleedings, and applied outwardly 
 it does the like ; and being drank, helps 
 to expel urine, being stopped, and gravel 
 and stone in the reins and kidneys. Two 
 drams of the seed drank in wine, purges 
 the 'body of choleric humours, and helps 
 those that are stung by scorpions, or other 
 venomous beasts, and may be as effectual 
 for the plague. It is of very good use in 
 old sores, ulcers, cankers, fistulas, and the 
 like, to cleanse and heat them, by con- 
 suming the moist humours falling into 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 41 
 
 them and correcting the putrefaction of 
 humours offending them. 
 
 CARDUUS BENEDICTUS. 
 
 IT is called Carduus Benedictus, or 
 Blessed Thistle, or Holy Thistle. I sup- 
 pose the name was put upon it by some 
 that had little holiness themselves. 
 
 I shall spare a labour in writing a 
 description of this as almost every one that 
 can but write at all, may describe them 
 from his own knowledge. 
 
 Time.'] They flower in August, and seed 
 not long after. 
 
 Government and virtues.~\ It is an herb of 
 Mars, and under the sign of Aries. Now, in 
 handling this herb, I shall give you a 
 rational pattern of all the rest ; and if you 
 please to view them throughout the book, 
 you shall, to your content, find it true. It 
 helps swimming and giddiness of the head, 
 or the disease called vertigo, because Aries 
 is in the house of Mars. It is an excellent 
 remedy against the yellow jaundice and 
 other infirmities of the gall, because Mars 
 governs choler. It strengthens the attrac- 
 tive faculty in man, and clarifies the blood, 
 because the one is ruled by Mars. The 
 continual drinking the decoction of it, helps 
 red faces, tetters, and ring-worms, because 
 Mars causes them. It helps the plague, 
 sores, boils, and itch, the bitings of mad 
 dogs and venomous beasts, all which in- 
 firmities are under Mars; thus you see 
 what it doth by sympathy. 
 
 By antipathy to other planets it cures the 
 French pox. By antipathy to Venus, who 
 governs it, it strengthens the memory, and 
 cures deafness by antipathy to Saturn, A,yho 
 has his fall in Aries, which rules the head. 
 It cures quartan agues, and other diseases 
 of melancholy, and adust choler, by sym- 
 pathy to Saturn, Mars being exalted in 
 Capricorn. Also provokes urine, the stop- 
 ping of which is usually caused by Mars or 
 the Moon. 
 
 CARROTS. 
 
 GARDEN Carrots are so well known, 
 that they need no description ; but because 
 they are of less physical use than the wild 
 kind (as indeed almost in all herbs the wild 
 are the most effectual in physic, as being more 
 powerful in operation than the garden 
 kinds,) I shall therefore briefly describe the 
 Wild Carrot. 
 
 DescriptJ] It grows in a manner al- 
 together like the tame, but that the leaves 
 and stalks are some what whiter and rougher. 
 The stalks bear large tufts of white flowers, 
 with a deep purple spot in ' the middle, 
 which are contracted together when the 
 seed begins to ripen, that the middle part 
 being hollow and low, and the outward 
 stalk rising high, makes the whole umbel 
 to show like a bird's nest. The root small, 
 long, and hard, and unfit for meat, being 
 somewhat sharp and strong. 
 
 Placed] The wild kind grows in divers 
 parts of this land plentifully by the field- 
 sides, and untilled places. 
 
 Time.'] They flower and seed in the end 
 of Summer. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Wild Carrots 
 belong to Mercury, and therefore break 
 wind, and remove stitches in the sides, pro- 
 voke urine and women's courses, and helps 
 to break and expel the stone ; the seed also 
 of the same works the like effect, and is 
 good for the dropsy, and those whose bellies 
 are swelling with wind; helps the cholic, 
 the stone in the kidneys, and rising of the 
 mother ; being taken in wine, or boiled in 
 wine and taken, it helps conception. The 
 leaves being applied with honey to running 
 sores or ulcers, do cleanse them. 
 
 I suppose the seeds of them perform this 
 
 better than the roots; and though Galen 
 
 commended garden Carrots highly to break 
 
 wind, yet experience teaches they breed it 
 
 ' first, and we may thank nature for expelling 
 
42 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 it, not they; the seeds of them expel wind 
 indeed, and so mend what the root marrs. 
 
 CARRAWAY. 
 
 It is on account of the seeds principally 
 that the Carraway is cultivated. 
 
 DescriptJ} It bears divers stalks of fine 
 cut leaves, lying upon the ground, some- 
 what like to the leaves of carrots, but not 
 bushing so thick, of a little quick taste in 
 them, from among which rises up a square 
 stalk, not so high as the Carrot, at whose 
 joints are set the like leaves, but smaller 
 and finer, and at the top small open tufts, 
 or umbels of white flowers, which turn into 
 small blackish seed, smaller than the 
 Anniseed, and of a quicker and hotter 
 taste. The root is whitish, small and long, 
 somewhat like unto a parsnip, but with 
 more wrinkled bark, and much less, of a 
 little hot and quick taste, and stronger 
 than the parsnip, and abides after seed- 
 time. 
 
 Place.~\ It is usually sown with us in 
 gardens. 
 
 Time.~\ They flower in June and July, 
 and seed quickly after. 
 
 Government and virtues^] This is also a 
 Mercurial plant. Carraway seed has a 
 moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaks 
 wind and provokes urine, which also the 
 herb doth. The root is better food than 
 the parsnip ; it is pleasant and comfortable 
 to the stomach, and helps digestion. The 
 seed is conducing to all cold griefs of the 
 head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as 
 also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen 
 the eye-sight. The powder of the seed put 
 into a poultice, takes away black and blue 
 spots of blows and bruises. The herb it- 
 self, or with some of the seed bruised and 
 fried, laid hot in a bag or double cloth, to 
 the lower parts of the belly, eases the pains 
 of the wind cholic. 
 
 The roots of Carraway eaten as men do 
 parsnips, strengthen the stomach of ancient 
 
 people exceedingly, and they need not to 
 make a whole meal of them neither, and are 
 fit to be planted in every garden. 
 
 Carraway comfits, once only dipped in 
 sugar, and half a spoonful of them eaten in 
 the morning fasting, and as many after each 
 meal, is a most admirable remedy, for those 
 that are troubled with wind. 
 
 CELANDINE. 
 
 Descript.~] THIS hath divers tender, 
 round, whitish green stalks, with greater 
 joints than ordinary in other herbs as it 
 were knees, very brittle and easy to break, 
 from whence grow branches with large 
 tender broad leaves, divided into many 
 parts, each of them cut in on the edges, 
 set at the joint on both sides of the 
 branches, of a dark blueish green colour, 
 on the upper side like Columbines, and of 
 a more pale blueish green underneath, full 
 of yellow sap, when any is broken, of a 
 bitter taste, and strong scent. At the 
 flowers, of four leaves a-piece, after which 
 come small long pods, with blackish seed 
 therein. The root is somewhat great at the 
 head, shooting forth divers long roots and 
 small strings, reddish on the outside, and 
 yellow within, full of yellow sap therein. 
 
 Place."] They grow in many places by 
 old walls, hedges and way-sides in untilled 
 places; and being once planted in a garden, 
 especially some shady places, it will remain 
 there. 
 
 Time.'] They flower all the Summer, 
 and the seed ripens in the mean time. 
 
 Government and virtues .] This is an herb 
 of the Sun, and under the Celestial Lion, 
 and is one of the best cures for the eyes ; 
 for, all that know any thing in astrology, 
 know that the eyes are subject to the 
 luminaries; let it then be gathered when tlje 
 Sun is in Leo, and the Moon in Aries, 
 applying to this time ; let Leo arise, then 
 may you make into an oil or ointment, 
 which you please, to anoint your sore eyes 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 43 
 
 with. I can prove it doth both my own 
 experience, and the experience of those to 
 whom I have taught it, that most desperate 
 sore eyes have been cured by this only 
 medicine ; and then, I pray, is not this far 
 better than endangering the eyes by the art 
 of the needle? For if this does not abso- 
 lutely take away the film, it will so facilitate 
 the work, that it might be done without 
 danger. The herb or root boiled in white 
 Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being 
 boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the 
 liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; 
 and often using it, helps the dropsy and the 
 itch, and those who have old sores in their 
 legs, or other parts of the body. The 
 juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of 
 singularly good use against the pestilence. 
 The distilled water, with a little sugar and 
 a little good treacle mixed therewith (the 
 party upon the taking being laid down to 
 sweat a little) has the same effect. The 
 juice dropped into the eyes, cleanses them 
 from films and cloudiness which darken the 
 sight, but it is best to allay the sharpness 
 of the juice with a little breast milk. It is 
 good in all old filthy corroding creeping 
 ulcers wheresoever, to stay their malignity 
 of fretting and running, and to cause them 
 to heal more speedily : The juice often 
 applied to tetters, ring-worms, or other such 
 like spreading cankers, will quickly heal 
 them, and rubbed often upon warts, will 
 take them away. The herb with the roots 
 bruised and bathed with oil of camomile, 
 and applied to the navel, takes away the 
 griping pains of the belly and bowels, and 
 all the pains of the mother; and applied to 
 women's breasts stays the overmuch flowing 
 of the courses. The juice or decoction of 
 the herb gargled between the teeth that ach, 
 eases the pain, and the powder of the dried 
 root laid upon any aching, hollow or loose 
 tooth, will cause it to fall out. The juice 
 mixed with some powder of brimstone is 
 
 not only good against the itch, but takes 
 away all discolourings of the skin what- 
 soever : and if it chance that in a tender 
 body it causes any itchings or inflamma- 
 tions, by bathing the place with a little 
 vinegar it is helped. 
 
 Another ill-favoured trick have physicians 
 got to use to the eye, and that is worse than 
 the needle ; which is to take away the films 
 by corroding or gnawing medicine. That 
 I absolutely protest against. 
 
 1. Because the tunicles of the eyes are 
 very thin, and therefore soon eaten asunder. 
 
 2. The callus or film that they would eat 
 away, is seldom of an equal thickness in 
 every place, and then the tunicle may be 
 eaten asunder in one place, before the film 
 be consumed in another, and so be a readier 
 way to extinguish the sight than to restore 
 it. 
 
 It is called Chelidonium, from the Greek 
 word Chelidon, which signifies a swallow ; 
 because they say, that if you put out the 
 eyes of young swallows when they are in 
 the nest, the old ones will recover their eyes 
 again with this herb. This 1 am confident, 
 for I have tried it, that if we mar the very 
 apple of their eyes with a needle, she will 
 recover them again; but whether with this 
 herb or not, I know not. 
 
 Also I have read (and it seems to be 
 somewhat probable) that the herb, being 
 gathered as I shewed before, and the 
 elements draw apart from it by art of the 
 alchymist, and after they are drawn apart 
 rectified, the earthly quality, still in rectify- 
 ing them, added to the Terra damnata (as 
 Alchymists call it) or Terra Sacratisima (as 
 some philosophers call it) the elements so 
 rectified are sufficient for the cure of all 
 diseases, the humours offending being known 
 and the contrary element given : It is an 
 experiment worth the trying, and can do 
 no harm. 
 
44 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 THE LESSER CELANDINE, USUALLY 
 KNOWN BY THE NAME OF PILEWORT 
 AND FOGWORT. 
 
 I WONDER what ailed the ancients to 
 give this the name Celandine, which re- 
 sembles it neather in nature nor form; it 
 acquired the name of Pilewort from its 
 virtues, and it being no great matter where 
 I set it down, so I set it down at all, I 
 humoured Dr. Tradition so much, as to set 
 him down here. 
 
 Descript] This Celandine or Pilewort 
 (which you please) doth spread many round 
 pale green leaves, set on weak and trailing 
 branches which lie upon the ground, and 
 are flat, smooth, and somewhat shining, 
 and in some places (though seldom) marked 
 with black spots, each standing on a long 
 foot- stalk, among which rise small yellow 
 flowers, consisting of nine or ten small nar- 
 row leaves, upon slender foot-stalks, very 
 like unto Crovvsfoot, whereunto the seed 
 iJso is not unlike being many small kernels 
 like a grain of corn sometimes twice as 
 long as others, of a whitish colour, with 
 fibres at the end of them. 
 
 Place.] It grows for the most part in 
 moist corners of fields and places that are 
 near water sides, yet will abide in drier 
 ground if they be a little shady. 
 
 Time.] It flowers betimes, about March 
 or April, is quite gone by May; so it can- 
 not be found till it spring again. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under the 
 dominion of Mars, and behold here another 
 verification of the learning of the ancients, 
 viz. that the virtue of an herb may be 
 known by its signature, as plainly appears 
 in this ; for if you dig up the root of it, 
 you shall perceive the perfect image of the 
 disease which they commonly call the piles. 
 It is certain by good experience, that the 
 decoction of the leaves and roots wonder- 
 fully helps piles and haemorrhoids, also 
 
 kernels by the ears and throat, called the 
 king's evil, or any other hard wens or 
 tumours. 
 
 Here's another secret for my countrymen 
 and women, a couple of them together; 
 Pilewort made into an oil, ointment, or 
 plaister, readily cures both the piles, or 
 haemorrhoids, and the king's evil : The 
 very herb borne about one's body next the 
 skin helps in such diseases, though it never 
 touch the place grieved; let poor people 
 make much of it for those uses ; with this 
 I cured my own daughter of the king's 
 evil, broke the sore, drew out a quarter of 
 a pint of corruption, cured without any 
 scar at all in one week's time. 
 
 THE ORDINARY SMALL CENTAURY. 
 
 Descript.] THIS grows up most usually 
 but with one round and somewhat crusted 
 stalk, about a foot high or better, branching 
 forth at the top into many sprigs, and some 
 also from the joints of the stalks below; the 
 flowers thus stand at the tops as it were in 
 one umbel or tuft, are of a pale red, tending 
 to carnation colour, consisting of five, 
 sometimes six small leaves, very like those 
 of St. John's Wort, opening themselves in 
 the day time and closing at night, after 
 which come seeds in little short husk, in 
 forms like unto wheat corn. The leaves are 
 small and somewhat round; the root small 
 and hard, perishing every year. The whole 
 plant is of an exceeding bitter taste. 
 
 There is another sort in all things like the 
 former, save only it bears white flowers. 
 
 Place.] They grow ordinarily in fields, 
 pastures, and woods, but that with the 
 white flowers not so frequently as the other. 
 
 Time.] They flower in July or there- 
 abouts, and seeds within a month after. 
 
 Government andvirtues.] They are under 
 the dominion of the Sun, as appears in that 
 their flowers open and shut as the Sun, either 
 shews or hides his face. This herb, boiled 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 45 
 
 and drank, purges choleric and gross 
 humours, and helps the sciatica; it opens 
 obstructions of the liver, gall, and speen, 
 helps the jaundice, and eases the pains in 
 the sides and hardness of the spleen, used 
 outwardly, and is given with very good 
 effect in agues. It helps those that have 
 the dropsy, or the green-sickness, being 
 much used by the Italians in powder for 
 that purpose. It kill the worms in the 
 belly, as is found by experience. The 
 decoction thereof, viz. the tops of the stalks, 
 with the leaves and flowers, is good against 
 the cholic, and to bring down women's 
 courses, helps to avoid the dead birth, and 
 eases pains of the mother, and is very ef- 
 fectual in all pains of the joints, as the 
 gout, cramps, or convulsions. A dram of 
 the powder taken in wine, is a wonderful 
 good help against the biting and poison of 
 an adder. The juice of the herb with 
 a little honey put to it, is good to clear the 
 eyes from dimness, mists and clouds that 
 offend or hinder sight. It is singularly 
 good both for green and fresh wounds, as 
 also for old ulcers and sores, to close up the 
 one and cleanse the other, and perfectly to 
 cure them both, although they are hollow 
 or fistulousjthe green herb especially, being 
 bruised and laid thereto. The decoction 
 thereof dropped into the ears, cleanses 
 them from worms, cleanses the foul ulcers 
 and spreading scabs of the head, and takes 
 away all frickles, spots, and marks in the 
 skin, being washed with it ; the herb is so 
 safe you cannot fail in the using of it, only 
 giving it inwardly for inward diseases. 
 It is very wholesome, but not very tooth- 
 some. 
 
 There is beside these, another small 
 Centaury, which bears a yellow flower ; in 
 all other respects it is like the former, save 
 that the leaves are larger, and of a darker 
 green, and the stalks pass through the midst 
 of them, as it does in the herb Thorowan. 
 They are all of them, as I told you, under 
 
 the government of the Sun ; yet this, if 
 you observe it, you shall find an excellant 
 truth ; in diseases of the blood, use the red 
 Centaury; if of choler, use the yellow; 
 but if phlegm or water, you will find the 
 white best. 
 
 THE CHERRY-TREE. 
 
 I SUPPOSE there are few but know this 
 tree, for its fruit's sake ; and therefore 
 I shall spare writing a description thereof. 
 
 Place.~\ For the place of its growth, it 
 is ofForded room in every orchard. 
 
 Government and virtues^} It is a tree of 
 Venus. Cherries, as they are of different 
 tastes, so they are of different qualities. 
 The sweet pass through the stomach and 
 the belly more speedily, but are of little 
 nourishment; the tart or sour are more 
 pleasing to an hot stomach, procure appe- 
 tite to meat, to help and cut tough phlegm, 
 and gross humours; but when these are 
 dried, they are more binding to the belly 
 than when they are fresh, being cooling in 
 hot diseases, and welcome to the stomach, 
 and provokes urine. The gum of the Chery- 
 tree, desolved in wine is good for a cold, 
 cough, and horseness of the throat ; mends 
 the colour in the face, sharpens the eye- 
 sight, provokes appetite, and helps to break 
 and expel the stone, and dissolved, the 
 water thereof is much used to break the 
 stone, and to expel gravel and wind. 
 
 WINTER-CHERRIES. 
 
 DescriptJ] THE Winter Cherry has a 
 running or creeping root in the ground, of 
 the bigness many times one's little finger, 
 shooting forth at several joints in several 
 places, whereby it quickly spreads a great 
 compass of ground. The stalk rises not 
 above a yard high, whereon are set many 
 broad and long green leaves, somewhat 
 like nightshades, but larger ; at the joints, 
 whereof come forth whitish flowers made 
 of five leaves a piece, which afterward* 
 
40 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 turn into green berries inclosed with thin 
 skins, which change to be reddish when 
 they grow ripe, the berry likewise being 
 reddish, and as large as a cherry ; wherein 
 are contained many flat and yellowish seeds 
 lying within the pulp, which being gathered 
 and strung up, are keep all the year to be 
 used upon occasions. 
 
 Place.'] They grow not naturally in this 
 land, but are cherished in gardens for their 
 virtues. 
 
 Time.'] They flower not until the middle 
 or latter end of July ; and the fruit is ripe 
 about August, or the beginning of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 Government and virtues^] This also is a 
 plant of Venus. They are of great use in 
 physic : The leaves being cooling, may be 
 used in inflammations, but not opening as 
 the berries and fruit are ; which by draw- 
 ing down the urine provoke it to be voided 
 plentifully when it is stopped or grown hot, 
 sharp, and painful in the passage; it is 
 good also to expel the stone and gravel out 
 of the reins, kidneys and bladder, helping 
 to dissolve the stone, and voiding it by grit 
 or gravel sent forth in the urine ; it also 
 helps much to cleanse inward imposthumes 
 or ulcers in the reins of bladder, or in those 
 that void a bloody or foul urine. The 
 distilled water of the fruit, or the leaves 
 together with them, or the berries, green or 
 dry, distilled with a little milk and drank 
 morning and evening with a little sugar, is 
 effectual to all the purposes before specified, 
 and especially against the heat and sharp- 
 ness of the urine. I shall only mention 
 one way, amongst many others, which 
 might be used for ordering the berries, to 
 be helpful for the urine and the stone ; 
 which is this : Take three or four good 
 handfuls of the berries, either green or 
 fresh, or dried, and having bruised them, 
 put them into so many gallons of beer or 
 ale when it is new tunned up : This drink 
 taken daily, has been found to do much 
 
 good to many, both to ease the pains, and 
 xpel urine and the stone, and to cause the 
 stone not to engender. The decoction of 
 the berries in wine and water is the most 
 usual way; but the powder of them taken 
 in drink is more effectual. 
 
 CHERVIL. 
 
 It is called Cerefolium, Mirrhis, and 
 Mirrha, Chervil, Sweet Chervil, and Sweet 
 Cicely. 
 
 Descript^] The garden Chervil doth at 
 first somewhat resemble Parsley, but after it 
 is better grown, the leaves are much cut in 
 and jagged, resembling hemlock, being a 
 little hairy and of a whitish green colour, 
 sometimes turning reddish in the Summer, 
 with the stalks also ; it rises a little above half 
 a foot high, bearing white flowers in spiked 
 tufts, which turn into long and round seeds 
 pointed at the ends, andblackish when they 
 are ripe ; of a sweet taste, but no smell, 
 though the herb itself smells reasonably 
 well. The root is small and long, and 
 perishes every year, and must be sown 
 a-new in spring, for seed after July for 
 Autumn fails. 
 
 The wild Chervil grows two or three feet 
 high with yellow stalks and joints, set with 
 broader and more hairy leaves, divided 
 into sundry parts, nicked about the edges, 
 and of a dark green colour, which likewise 
 grow reddish with the stalks ; at the tops 
 whereof stands small white tufts, of flowers, 
 afterwards smaller and longer seed. The 
 root is white, hard, and enduring long. 
 This as little or no scent. 
 
 Place.l The first is sown in gardens for 
 a sallad nerb ; the second grows wild in 
 many of the meadows of this land, and by 
 the hedge sides, and on heaths. 
 
 Time,~] They flower and seed early, and 
 thereupon are sown again in the end of 
 Summer. 
 
 Government and virtues^] The garden 
 Chervil being eaten, doth moderately warm 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 47 
 
 the stomach.and is a certain remedy ("saith 
 Tragus) to dissolve congealed or clotted 
 blood in the body, or that which is clotted 
 by bruises, falls, &c. The juice or distilled 
 water thereof being drank, and the bruised 
 leaves laid to the place, being taken either 
 in meat or drink, it is good to help to 
 provoke urine, or expel the stone in the 
 kidneys, to send down women's courses, 
 and to help the pleurisy and pricking of 
 the sides. 
 
 The wild Chervil bruised and applied, 
 dissolves swellings in any part, or the 
 marks of congealed blood by bruises or 
 blows, in a little space. 
 
 SWEET CHERVIL, OR SWEET CICELY. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS grows very like the 
 great hemlock, having large spread leaves 
 cut into divers parts, but of a fresher green 
 colour than the Hemlock, tasting as sweet 
 as the Anniseed. The stalks rise up a yard I 
 high, or better, being creased or hollow, 
 having leaves at the joints, but lesser ; and 
 at the tops of the branched stalks, umbels 
 or tufts of white flowers; after which comes 
 long crested black shining seed, pointed at 
 both ends, tasting quick, yet sweet and 
 pleasant. The root is great and white, 
 growing deep in the ground, and spreading 
 sundry long branches therein, in taste and 
 smell stronger than the leaves or seeds, 
 and continuing many years. 
 
 Place.] This grows in gardens. 
 
 Government and virtues.] These are all 
 three of them of the nature of Jupiter, and 
 under his dominion. This whole plant, 
 besides its pleasantness in sallads, has its 
 physical virtue. The root boiled, and eaten 
 with oil and vinegar, (or without oil) do 
 much please and warm old and cold sto- 
 machs oppressed with wind or phlegm, or 
 those that have the phthisic or consump- 
 tion of the lungs. The same drank with 
 wine is a preservation from the plague. It 
 provokes women's courses, and expels the 
 
 after-birth, procures an appetite to meat, 
 and expels wind. The juice is good to 
 heal the ulcers of the head and face ; the 
 candied root hereof are held as effectual as 
 Angelica, to preserve from infection in the 
 time of a plague, and to warm and comfort 
 a cold weak stomach. It is so harmless, 
 you cannot use it amiss. 
 
 CHESNUT TREE. 
 
 It were as needless to describe a tree so 
 commonly known as to tell a man he had 
 gotten a mouth ; therefore take the govern- 
 ment and virtues of them thus : 
 
 The tree is abundantly under the do- 
 minion of Jupiter, and therefore the fruit 
 must needs breed good blood, and yield 
 commendable nourishment to the body ; 
 yet if eaten over-much, they make the 
 blood thick, procure head ache, and bind 
 the body ; the inner skin, that covers the 
 nut, is of so binding a quality, that a scruple 
 of it being taken by a man, or ten grains 
 by a child, soon stops any flux whatsoever : 
 The whole nut being dried and beaten 
 into powder, and a dram taken at a time, 
 is a good remedy to stop the terms in 
 women. If you dry Chesnuts, (only the 
 kernels I mean) both the barks being 
 taken away, beat them into powder, and 
 make the powder up into an electuary with 
 honey, so have you an admirable remedy 
 for the cough and spitting of blood. 
 
 EARTH CHESNUTS. 
 
 THEY are called Earth-nuts, Earth 
 Chesnuts, Ground Nuts, Ciper-nuts, and 
 in Sussex Pig-nuts. A description of them 
 were needless, for every child knows them. 
 
 Government and virtues.] They are some- 
 thing hot and dry in quality, under the 
 dominion of Venus, they provoke lust 
 exceedingly, and stir up to those sports she 
 is mistress of; the seed is excellent good to 
 provoke urine ; and so also is the root, but 
 it doth not perform it so forcibly as the seed 
 o 
 
48 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 doth. The root being dried and beaten 
 into powder, and the powder made into 
 an electuary, is as singular a remedy for 
 spitting and pissing of blood, as the former 
 Chesnut was for coughs. 
 
 CHICKWEED. 
 
 It is so generally known to most people, 
 that I shall not trouble you with the descrip- 
 tion thereof, nor myself with setting forth 
 the several kinds, since but only two or 
 three are considerable for their usefulness. 
 
 Place.'] They are usually found in moist 
 and watery places, by wood sides, and else- 
 where. 
 
 Time.'] They flower about June, and 
 their seed is ripe in July. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is a fine soft 
 pleasing herb under the dominion of the 
 Moon. It is found to be effectual as 
 Purslain to all the purposes whereunto it 
 serves, except for meat only. The herb 
 bruised, or the juice applied (with cloths or 
 sponges dipped therein) to the region of the 
 liver, and as they dry, to have it fresh ap- 
 plied, doth wonderfully temperate the heat 
 of the liver, and is effectual for all impos- 
 thumes and swellings whatsoever, for all 
 redness in the face, wheals, pushes, itch, 
 scabs; the juice either simply used, or boiled 
 with hog's grease and applied, helps cramps, 
 convulsions, and palsy. The juice, or 
 distilled water, is of much good use for all 
 heats and redness in the eyes, to drop some 
 thereof into them ; as also into the ears, 
 to ease pains in them ; and is of good effect 
 to ease pains from the heat and sharpness 
 of the blood in the piles, and generally 
 all pains in the body that arise of heat. 
 It is used also in hot and virulent ulcers 
 and sores in the privy parts of men and 
 women, or on the legs, or elsewhere. The 
 leaves boiled with marsh-mallows, and 
 made into a poultice with fenugreek and 
 linseed, applied to swellings or impos- 
 thumes, ripen and break them, or assuage 
 
 the swellings and ease the pains. It helps 
 the sinews when they are shrunk by cramps, 
 or otherwise, and to extend and make them 
 pliable again by this medicine. Boil a 
 handful of Chickweed, and a handful of 
 red rose leaves dried, in a quart of musca- 
 dine, until a fourth part be consumed ; 
 then put to them a pint of oil of trotters or 
 sheep's feet ; let them boil a good while, 
 still stirring them well; which being strained, 
 anoint the grieved place therewith, warm 
 against the fire, rubbing it well with one 
 hand : and bind also some of the herb (if 
 you will) to the place, and, with God's 
 blessing, it will help it in three times 
 dressing. 
 
 CHICK-PEASE, OR CICERS. 
 
 Descript.~] THE garden sorts whether 
 red, black, or white, bring forth stalks a 
 yard long, whereon do grow many small 
 and almost round leaves, dented about the 
 edges, set on both sides of a middle rib ; 
 At the joints come forth one or two flowers, 
 upon sharp foot stalks, pease-fashion, either 
 white or whitish, or purplish red, lighter 
 or deeper, according as the pease that 
 follow will be, that are contained in small, 
 thick, and short pods, wherein lie one or 
 two pease, more usually pointed at the 
 lower end, and almost round at the head, 
 yet a little cornered or sharp ; the root is 
 small, and perishes yearly. 
 
 Place and Time.'] They are sown in gar- 
 dens, or fields as pease, being sown later 
 than pease, and gathered at the same time 
 with them, or presently after. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] They are both 
 under the dominion of Venus. They are 
 less windy than beans, but nourish more ; 
 they provoke urine, and are thought to in- 
 crease sperm; they have a cleansing faculty, 
 whereby they break the stone in the kid- 
 neys. To drink the cream of them, being 
 boiled in water, is the best way. It moves 
 the belly downwards, provokes women'" 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 49 
 
 courses and urine, increases both milk and | of Jupiter, and therefore strengthens the 
 
 seed. One ounce of Cicers, two ounces of 
 French barley, and a small handful of 
 
 Marsh-mallow roots, clean washed and cut, 
 being boiled in the broth of a chicken, and 
 four ounces taken in the morning, arid 
 fasting two hours after, is a good medicine 
 for a pain in the sides. The white Cicers 
 
 part of the body it rules ; let 
 angular and strong when it is 
 
 Jupiter be 
 gathered ; 
 
 and if you give but a scruple (which is but 
 twenty grains,) of it at a time, either in 
 white wine, or in white wine vinegar, you 
 shall very seldom miss the cure of an ague, 
 be it what ague soever, in three fits, as I 
 
 are used more for meat than medicine, yet | have often proved to the admiration both 
 have the same effect, and are thought more ! of myself and others; let no man despise it 
 
 because it is plain and easy, the ways of 
 God are all such. It is an especial herb 
 
 powerful to increase milk and seed. The 
 
 wild Cicers are so much more powerful 
 than the garden kinds, by how much they 
 exceed them in heat and dryness; whereby 
 they do more open obstructions, break the 
 stone, and have all the properties of cutting, 
 opening, digesting, and dissolving ; and 
 
 used in all inflammations and fevers, whether 
 infectious or pestilential ; or among other 
 herbs to cool and temper the blood and 
 humours in the body. As also for all 
 lotions, gargles, infections, and the like, for 
 
 former. 
 
 CINQUEFOIL, OR FIVE-LEAVED GRASS} 
 CALLED IN SOME COUNTIES, FIVE- 
 FINGERED GRASS. 
 
 Descript.~] It spreads and creeps far 
 
 this more speedily and certainly than the ! sore mouths, ulcers, cancers, fistulas, and 
 
 other corrupt, foul, or running sores. The 
 juice hereof drank, about four ounces at a 
 time, for certain days together, cures the 
 quinsey and yellow jaundice ; and taken for 
 thirty days together, cures the falling sick- 
 ness. The roots boiled in milk, and drank, is 
 
 upon the ground, with long slender strings j a most effectual remedy for all fluxes in man 
 like straw berries, which take root again, ! or woman, whether the white or red, as also 
 
 and shoot forth many leaves, made of five 
 parts, and sometimes of seven, dented about 
 the edges, and somewhat hard. The stalks 
 are slender, leaning downwards and bear 
 many small yellow flowers thereon, with 
 some yellow threads in the middle, standing 
 about a smooth green head, which, when it 
 is ripe, is a little rough, and contains small 
 brownish seeds. The root is of a blackish 
 brown colours, as big as one's little finger, 
 but growing long, with some threads 
 thereat ; and by the small string it quickly 
 spreads over the ground. 
 
 the bloody flux. The roots boiled in vine- 
 gar, and the decoction thereof held in the 
 mouth, eases the pains of the toothach. 
 The juice or decoction taken with a little 
 honey, helps the hoarseness of the throat, 
 
 and is 
 
 lungs. 
 
 very good for the 
 The distilled water of 
 
 cough 
 
 of the 
 both roots 
 
 and leaves, is also effectual to all the 
 purposes aforesaid ; and if the hands be 
 often washed therein, and suffered at every 
 time to dry in of itself without wiping, it 
 will in a short time help the palsy, or 
 shaking in them. The root boiled in 
 
 Place.'] It grows by wood sides, hedge j vinegar, helps all knots, kernels, hard 
 sides, the path-way in fields, and in the i swellings, and lumps growing in any 
 borders and corners of them almost through part of the flesh, being thereto applied ; 
 all this land. as also inflammations, and St. An- 
 
 Time.~\ It flowers in summer, somejthony's fire, all imposthumes, and pain- 
 sooner, some later. I ful sores with heat and putrefaction, 
 
 Government and virtues.'] This is an herb ! the shingles also, and all other sorts of 
 
50 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 running and foul scabs, sores and itch. 
 The same also boiled in wine, and applied 
 to any joint full of pain, ache, or the gout 
 in the hands or feet, or the hip gout, called 
 the Sciatica, and the decoction thereof 
 drank the while, doth cure them, and eases 
 much pain in the bowels. The roots are 
 likewise effectual to help ruptures or burst- 
 ing, being used with other things available 
 to that purpose, taken either inwardly or 
 outwardly, or both; as also bruises or 
 hurts by blows, falls, or the like, and to 
 stay the bleeding of wounds in any parts 
 inward or outward. 
 
 Some hold that one leaf cures a quo- 
 tidian, three a tertain, and four a quartan 
 ague, and a hundred to one if it be not 
 Dioscorides ; for he is full of whimsies. 
 The truth is, -I never stood so much upon 
 the number of the leaves, nor whether I 
 give it in powder or decoction : If Jupiter 
 were strong, and the Moon applying to 
 him, or his good aspect at the gathering, 
 I never knew it miss the desired effect. 
 
 GIVES. 
 
 c ALL ED also Rush Leeks, Chives, Civet, 
 and Sweth. 
 
 Government and virtues.~\ I confess I had 
 not added these, had it not been for a coun- 
 try gentleman, who by a letter certified 
 me, that amongst other herbs, I had left 
 these out ; they are indeed a kind of leeks, 
 hot and dry in the fourth degree as they 
 are, and so under the dominion of Mars ; 
 "if they be eaten raw, (I do not mean raw, 
 opposite to roasted or boiled, but raw, 
 opposite to chymical preparation) they send 
 up very hurtful vapours to the brain, caus- 
 ing troublesome sleep, and spoiling the 
 eye-sight, yet of them prepared by the art 
 of the alchymist, may be made an excellent 
 remedy for the stoppage of the urine. 
 
 CLARY, OR MORE PROPERLY CLEAR-EYE. 
 
 Detcript.'] OCR ordinary garden Clary 
 
 has four square stalks, with broad, rough, 
 wrinkled, whitish, or hoary green leaves 
 somewhat evenly cut in on the edges, and 
 of a strong sweet scent, growing some near 
 the ground, and some by couples upon 
 stalks. The flowers grow at certain dis- 
 tances, with two small leaves at the joints 
 under them, somewhat like unto the flowers 
 of Sage, but smaller, and of a whitish blue 
 colour. The seed is brownish, and some- 
 what flat, or not so round as the wild, The 
 roots are blackish, and spread not far, and 
 perish after the seed time. It is usually 
 sown, for it seldom rises of its own sowing. 
 
 Place. ~] This grows in gardens. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June and July, some 
 a little later than others, and their seed is 
 ripe in August, or thereabouts. 
 
 Government and virtues. ,] It is under the 
 dominion of the Moon. The seed put into 
 the eyes clears them from motes, and such 
 like things gotten within the lids to offend 
 them, as also clears them from white and 
 red spots on them. The mucilage of the 
 seed made with water, and applie3 to 
 tumours, or swellings, disperses and takes 
 them away ; as also draws forth splinters, 
 thorns, or other things gotten into the flesh. 
 The leaves used with vinegar, either by 
 itself, or with a little honey, doth help boils, 
 felons, and the hot inflammation that are 
 gathered by their pains, if applied before 
 it be grown too great. The powder of the 
 dried root put into the nose, provokes 
 sneezing, and thereby purges the head and 
 brain of much rheum and corruption. The 
 seed or leaves taken in wine, provokes to 
 venery. It is of much use both for men 
 and women that have weak backs, and 
 helps to strengthen the reins : used either 
 by itself, or with other herbs conducing to 
 the same effect, and in tansies often. The 
 fresh leaves dipped in a batter of flour, 
 eggs, and a little milk, and fried in butter, 
 and served to the table, is not unpleasant 
 to any, but exceedingly profitable for those 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 51 
 
 that are troubled with weak backs, and the 
 effects thereof. The juice of the herb put 
 into ale or beer, and drank, brings down 
 women's courses, and expels the after-birth. 
 
 WILD CLARY. 
 
 most blasphemously 
 because it cures dis- 
 
 safer, and easier remedy by a great deal, 
 than to tear it off with a needle. 
 
 CLEAVERS. 
 
 WILD Clary is 
 called Christ's Eye, 
 
 eases of the eye. I could wish for my soul, 
 blasphemy, ignorance, and tyranny, were 
 ceased among physicians, that they may be 
 happy, and I joyful. 
 
 Descript.] It is like the other Clary, but 
 lesser, with many stalks about a foot and 
 a half high. The stalks are square, and 
 somewhat hairy; the flowers of a bluish 
 colour ; He that knows the common Clary 
 cannot be ignorant of this. 
 
 Placed] It grows commonly in this nation 
 in barren places; you may find it plentifully, 
 if you look in the fields near Gray's Inn, 
 and near .Chelsea. 
 
 Time.'] They flower from the beginning 
 of June to the latter end of August. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is something ' 
 
 -J O 
 
 hotter and drier than the garden Clary is, 
 yet nevertheless under the dominion of the 
 Moon, as well as that ; the seeds of it being 
 beat to powder, and drank with wine, is 
 an admirable help to provoke lust. A de- 
 coction of the leaves being wlrank, warms 
 the stomach, and it is a wonder if it should 
 not, the stomach being under Cancer, the 
 house of the Moon. Also it helps diges- 
 tion, scatters congealed blood in any part 
 of the body. The distilled water hereof 
 cleanses the eyes of redness, waterishness 
 and heat : It is a gallant remedy for dim- 
 ness of sight, to take one of the seeds of it, 
 and put into the eyes, and there let it re- 
 main till it drops out of itself, (the pain 
 will be nothing to speak on,) it will cleanse 
 the eyes of all filthy and putrified matter ; 
 and in often repeating it, will take off a 
 film which covers the sight : a handsomer, 
 
 IT is also called Aperine, Goose-shade, 
 Goose-grass, and Cleavers. 
 
 Descript.] The common Cleavers have 
 divers very rough square stalks, not so big 
 as the top* of a point, but rising up to be 
 two or three yards high sometimes, if it 
 meet with any tall bushes or trees whereon 
 it may climb, yet without any claspers, or 
 else much lower, and lying on the ground, 
 full of joints, and at every one of them 
 shoots forth a branch, besides the leaves 
 
 thereat, which are usually six, set in a round 
 compass like a star, or a rowel of a spur : 
 From between the leaves or the joints to- 
 wards the tops of the branches, come forth 
 very small white flowers, at every end 
 upon small thready foot-stalks, which after 
 they have fallen, there do shew two small 
 round and rough seeds joined together 
 which, when they are ripe, grow hard 
 and whitish, having a little hole on the 
 side, something like unto a navel. Both 
 stalks, leaves, and seeds are so rough, 
 that they will cleave to any thing that will 
 touch them. The root is small and thready 
 spreading much to the ground, but die 
 every year. 
 
 Place.~\ It grows by the hedge and ditch- 
 sides in many places of this land, and is so 
 troublesome an inhabitant in gardens, that 
 it ramps upon, and is ready to choak what 
 ever grows near it. 
 
 Time.~\ It flowers in June or July, and 
 the seed is ripe and falls again in the end 
 of July or August, from whence it springs 
 up again, and not from the old roots. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the 
 dominion of the Moon. The juice of the 
 herb and the seed together taken in wine, 
 helps those bitten with an adder, by pre- 
 serving the heart from Jhe venom. It is 
 familiarly taken in broth to keep them lean 
 
52 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and lank, that are apt to grow fat. The 
 distilled water drank twice a day, helps the 
 yellow jaundice, and the decoction of the 
 herb, in experience, is found to do the same, 
 and stays lasks and bloody-fluxes. The 
 juice of the leaves, or they a little bruised, 
 and applied to any bleeding wounds, stays 
 the bleeding. The juice also is very good 
 to close up the lips of green wounds, and 
 the powder of the dried herb strewed there- 
 upon doth the same, and likewise helps old 
 ulcers. Being boiled in hog's grease, it 
 helps all sorts of hard swellings or kernels 
 in the throat, being anointed therewith. 
 The juice dropped into the ears, takes away 
 the pain of them. 
 
 It is a good remedy in the Spring, eaten 
 (being first chopped small, and boiled well) 
 in water-gruel, to cleanse the blood, and 
 strengthen the liver, thereby to keep the 
 body in health, and fitting it for that change 
 of season that is coming. 
 
 CLOWN'S WOODS 
 
 DescriptJ] IT grows up sometimes to 
 two or three feet high, but usually about 
 two feet, with square green rough stalks, 
 but slender, joined somewhat far asunder, 
 and two very long, somewhat narrow, dark 
 green leaves, bluntly dented about the 
 edges thereof, ending in a long point. The 
 flowers stand towards the tops, compassing 
 the stalks at the joints with the leaves, and 
 end likewise in a spiked top, having long and 
 much gaping hoods of a purplish red colour, 
 with whitish spots in them, standing in 
 somewhat round husks, wherein afterwards 
 stand blackish round seeds. The root is 
 composed of many long strings, with some 
 tuberous long knobs growing among them, 
 of a pale yellowish or whitish colour, yet 
 some times of the year these knobby roots 
 in many places are not seen in this plant : 
 This plant smells somewhat strong. 
 
 Place.'] IT grows in sundry counties of 
 this land, both north and west, and fre- 
 quently by path-sides in the fields near 
 about London, and within three or four 
 miles distant about it, yet it usually grows 
 in or near ditches. 
 
 Time.~] It flowers in June or July, and 
 the seed is ripe soon after. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the 
 dominion of the planet Saturn. It is sin- 
 gularly effectual in all fresh and green 
 wounds, and therefore bears not this name 
 for nought. And it is very available in 
 staunching of blood and to dry up the fluxes 
 of humours in old fretting ulcers, cankers, 
 &c. that hinder the healing of them. 
 
 A syrup made of the juice of it, is inferior 
 to none for inward wounds, ruptures of 
 veins, bloody flux, vessels broken, spitting, 
 urining, or vomiting blood : Ruptures are 
 excellent and speedily, ever to admiration, 
 cured by taking now and then a little of 
 the syrup, and applying an ointment or. 
 plaister of this herb to the place. Also, if 
 any vain be swelled or muscle, apply a 
 plaister of this herb to it, and if you add 
 a little Comfrey to it, it will not be amiss. 
 I assure thee the herb deserves commenda- 
 tion, though it has gotten such a clownish 
 name ; and whosoever reads this, (if he try 
 it, as I have done,) will commend k ; only 
 take notice that it is of a dry earthy quality. 
 
 COCK'S HEAD, RED PITCHING, OR MEDICK 
 FETCH. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS has divers weak but 
 rough stalks, half a yard long, leaning 
 downward, but set with winged leaves, 
 longer and more pointed than those of 
 Lintels, and whitish underneath ; from the 
 tops of these stalks arise up other slender 
 stalks, naked without leaves unto the tops, 
 where there grow many small flowers in 
 manner of a spike, of a pale reddish colour 
 with some blueness among them ; after 
 which rise up in their places, round rough, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 53 
 
 and somewhat flat heads. The root is 
 tough, and somewhat woody, yet lives and 
 shoots a-new every year. 
 
 Place.] It grows upon hedges, and 
 sometimes in the open fields, in divers 
 places of this land. 
 
 Time.] They flower all the months of 
 July and August, and the seed ripen in 
 the mean while. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under the 
 dominion of Venus. It has power to rarify 
 and digest , and therefore the green leaves 
 bruised and laid as a plaister, disperse 
 knots, nodes, or kernels in the flesh ; and 
 if, when dry, it be taken in wine, it helps 
 the stranguary ; and being anointed with 
 oil, it provokes sweat. It is a singular food 
 for cattle, to cause them to give store of 
 milk ; and why then may it not do the like, 
 being boiled in ordinary drink, for nurses. 
 
 COLUMBINES. 
 
 THESE are so well known, growing al- 
 most in every garden, that I think I may 
 save the expence of time in writing a de- 
 scription of them. 
 
 Time.] They flower in May, and abide 
 not for the most part when June is past, 
 perfecting their seed in the mean time. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is also an 
 herb of Venus. The leaves of Columbines 
 are commonly used in lotions with good 
 success for sore mouths and throats. Tra- 
 gus saith, that a dram of the seed taken in 
 wine with a little saffron, opens obstruc- 
 tions of the liver, and is good for the yellow 
 jaundice, if the party after the taking 
 thereof be laid to sweat well in bed. The 
 seed also taken in wine causes a speedy 
 delivery of women in childbirth : if one 
 draught suffice not, let her drink the 
 second, and it will be effectual : The 
 Spaniards used to eat a piece of the root 
 thereof in the morning fasting, many days 
 together, to help them when troubled with 
 the stone in the reins or kidneys. 
 
 COLTSFOOT. 
 
 CALLED also Coughwort, Foals's-foot, 
 Horse-hoof, and Bull's-foot. 
 
 Descript.] This shoots up a slender stalk, 
 with small yellowish flowers somewhat 
 earlier, which fall away quickly, and aftei 
 they are past, come up somewhat round 
 leaves, sometimes dented about the edges, 
 much lesser, thicker, and greener than those 
 of butter-bur, with a little down or frieze 
 over the green leaf on the upper side, which 
 may be rubbed away, and whitish or meally 
 underneath. The root is small and white, 
 spreading much under ground, so that 
 where it takes it will hardly be driven 
 away again, if any little piece be abid- 
 ing therein ; and from thence spring fresh 
 leaves. 
 
 Place.] It grows as well in wet grounds 
 as in drier places. 
 
 Time.] And flowers in the end of 
 February, the leaves begin to appear in 
 March. 
 
 Government and virtues.] The plant is 
 under Venus, the fresh leaves or juice, or 
 a syrup thereof is good for a hot dry cough, 
 or wheezing, and shortness of breath. The 
 dry leaves are best for those that have thin 
 rheums and distillations upon their lungs, 
 causing a cough, for which also the dried 
 leaves taken as tobacco, or the root is very 
 good, The distilled water hereof simply, 
 or with Elder flowers and Nightshade, is a 
 singularly good remedy against all hot agues, 
 to drink two ounces at a time, and apply 
 cloths wet therein to the head and stomach, 
 which also does much good, being applied 
 to any hot swellings and inflammations : 
 It helps St. Anthony's fire, and burnings, 
 and is singularly good to take away wheals 
 and small pushes that arise through heat ; 
 as also the burning heat of the piles, or 
 privy parts, cloths wet therein being there- 
 unto applied. 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 COMFREY. 
 
 THIS is a very common but a very neg- 
 lected plant. It contains very great virtues. 
 
 DescriptJ] The common Great Com- 
 frey has divers very large hairy green leaves 
 lying on the ground, so hairy or prickly, 
 that if they touch any tender parts of the 
 hands, face, or body, it will cause it to itch ; 
 the stalks that rise from among them, being 
 two or three feet high, hollow and cornered, 
 is very hairy also, having many such like 
 leaves as grow below, but less and less up 
 to the top : At the joints of the stalks it is 
 divided into many branches, with some 
 leaves thereon, and at the ends stand many 
 flowers in order one above another, which 
 are somewhat long and hollow like the 
 finger of a glove, of a pale whitish colour, 
 after which come small black seeds. The 
 roots are great and long, spreading great 
 thick branches under ground, black on the 
 outside, and whitish within, short and easy 
 to break, and full of glutinous or clammy 
 juice, of little or no taste at all. 
 
 There is another sort in all things like 
 this, only somewhat less, and bears flowers 
 of a pale purple colour. 
 
 PlaceJ] They grow by ditches and 
 water-sides, and in divers fields that are 
 moist, for therein they chiefly delight to 
 grow. The first generally through all the 
 land, and the other but in some places. By 
 the leave of my authors, I know the first 
 grows in dry places. 
 
 Time.~\ They flower in June or July, 
 and give their seed in August. 
 
 Government and virtues^] This is an herb 
 of Saturn, and I suppose under the sign 
 Capricorn, cold, dry, and earthy in quality. 
 What was spoken of Clown's Woundwort 
 may be said of this. The Great Comfrey 
 helps those that spit blood, or make a 
 bloody urine. The root boiled in water or 
 wine, and the decoction drank, helps all 
 inward hurts, bruises, wounds, and ulcer 
 
 of the lungs, and causes the phlegm that 
 oppresses them to be easily spit forth : It 
 helps the defluction of rheum from the 
 head upon the lungs, the fluxes of blood or 
 humours by the belly, women's immoderate 
 courses, as well the reds as the whites, and 
 the running of the reins happening by what 
 cause soever. A syrup made thereof is 
 very effectual for all those inward griefs 
 and hurts, and the distilled water for the 
 same purpose also, and for outward wounds 
 and sores in the fleshy or sinewy part of the 
 body whatsoever, as also to take away the 
 fits of agues, and to allay the sharpness of 
 humours. A decoction of the leaves here- 
 of is available to all the purposes, though 
 not so effectual as the roots. The roots 
 being outwardly applied, help fresh wounds 
 or cuts immediately , being bruised and laid 
 thereto ; and is special good for ruptures 
 and broken bones ; yea, it is said to be so 
 powerful to consolidate and knit together, 
 that if they be boiled with dissevered pieces 
 of flesh in a pot, it will join them together 
 again. It is good to be applied to women's 
 breasts that grow sore by the abundance 
 of milk coming into them ; also to repress 
 the over much bleeding of the haemorrhoids, 
 to cool the inflammation of the parts there- 
 abouts, and to give ease of pains. The 
 roots of Comfrey taken fresh, beaten small, 
 and spread upon leather, ^and laid upon 
 any place troubled with the gout, doth 
 presently give ease of the pains ; and ap- 
 plied in the same manner, gives ease to 
 pained joints, and profits very much for 
 running and moist ulcers, gangrenes, mor- 
 tifications, and the like, for which it hath 
 by often experience been found helpful. 
 
 CORALWORT. 
 
 IT is also called by some Tootlnvort, 
 Tooth Violet, Dog-Teeth Violet, and 
 Dentaria. 
 
 Descript.'] Of the many sorts of this 
 herb two of them may be found growing 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 55 
 
 in this nation ; the first of which shoots 
 forth one or two winged leaves, upon long 
 brownish foot-stalks, which are doubled 
 down at their first coming out of the ground; 
 when they are fully opened they consist 
 of seven leaves, most commonly of a sad 
 green colour, dented about the edges, set 
 on both sides the middle rib one against 
 another, as the leaves of the ash tree ; the 
 stalk bears no leaves on the lower half of 
 it ; the upper half bears sometimes three or 
 four, each consisting of five leaves, some- 
 times of three ; on the top stand four or 
 five flowers upon short foot-stalks, with 
 long husks ; the flowers are very like the 
 flowers of Stockgilliflowers, of a pale 
 purplish colour, consisting of four leaves 
 a-piece, after which come small pods, which 
 contain the seed ; the root is very smooth, 
 white and shining; it does not grow down- 
 wards, but creeps along under the upper 
 crust of the ground, and consists of divers 
 Email round knobs set together ; towards 
 the top of the stalk there grows some single 
 leaves, by each of which comes a small 
 cloven bulb, which when it is ripe, if it be 
 set in the ground, it will grow to be a root. 
 
 As for the other Coralwort, which grows 
 in this nation, it is more scarce than this, 
 being a very small plant, much like Crow- 
 foot, therefore some think it to be one of 
 the sorts of Crowfoot. I know not where 
 to direct you to it, therefore I shall forbear 
 the description. 
 
 Place.~\ The first grows in Mayfield in 
 Sussex, in a wood called High read, and in 
 another wood there also, called Fox-holes. 
 
 TimeJ] They flower from the latter end 
 of April to the middle of May, and before 
 the middle of July they are gone, and not 
 to be found. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the 
 dominion of the Moon. It cleanses the 
 bladder, and provokes urine, expels gravel, 
 and the stone ; it eases pains in the sides 
 and bowels, is excellently good for inward 
 
 wounds, especially such as are made in the 
 breast or lungs, by taking a dram of the 
 powder of the root every morning in wine ; 
 the same is excellently good for ruptures, as 
 also to stop fluxes ; an ointment made of it 
 is exceedingly good for wounds and ulcers, 
 for it soon dries up the watery humours 
 which hinder the cure. 
 
 COSTMARY, OR ALCOST, OR BALSAM 
 HERB. 
 
 THIS is so frequently known to be an 
 inhabitant in almost every garden, that I 
 suppose it needless to write a descriptioi 
 thereof. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June and July. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is under the 
 dominion of Jupiter. The ordinary Cost- 
 mary, as well as Maudlin, provokes urine 
 abundantly, and moistens the hardness of 
 the mother ; it gently purges choler and 
 phlegm, extenuating that which is gross, 
 and cutting that which is tough and glu- 
 tinous, cleanses that which is foul, and 
 hinders putrefaction and corruption ; it 
 dissolves without attraction, opens obstruc- 
 tions, and helps their evil effects, and it is a 
 wonderful help to all sorts of dry agues. 
 It is astringent to the stomach, and 
 strengthens the liver, and all the other in- 
 ward parts ; and taken in whey works more 
 effectually. Taken fasting in the morning, 
 it is very profitable for pains in the head 
 that are continual, and to stay, dry up, and 
 consume all thin rheums or distillations 
 from the head into the stomach, and helps 
 much to digest raw humours that are 
 gathered therein. It is very profitable for 
 those that are fallen into a continual evil 
 disposition of the whole body, called 
 Cachexia, but especially in the beginning 
 of the disease. It is an especial friend and 
 helps to evil, weak and cold livers. The 
 seed is familiarly given to children for the 
 worms, and so is the infusion of the flowers 
 in white wine given them to the quantity of 
 Q 
 
56 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 two ounces at a time; it makes an excellent 
 salve to cleanse and heal old ulcers, being 
 boiled with oil of olive, and Adder's tongue 
 with it, and after it is strained, put a little 
 wax, rosin, and turpentine, to bring it to a 
 convenient body. 
 
 CUDWEED, OR COTTONWEED. 
 
 BESIDES Cudweed and Cottonweed, it is 
 also Called Chaffweed, Dwarf Cotton, and 
 Petty Cotton. 
 
 DescriptJ} The common Cudweed rises 
 up with one stalk sometimes, and some- 
 times with two or three, thick set on all 
 sides with small, long and narrow whitish 
 or woody leaves, from the middle of the 
 stalk almost up to the top, with every leaf 
 stands small flowers of a dun or brownish 
 yellow colour, or not so yellow as others ; 
 in which herbs, after the flowers are fallen, 
 come small seed wrapped up, with the down 
 therein, and is carried away with the wind ; 
 the root is small and thready. 
 
 There are other sorts hereof, which are 
 somewhat less than the former, not much 
 different, save only that the stalks and 
 leaves are shorter, so that the flowers are 
 paler and more open. 
 
 Place.'] They grow in dry, barren, sandy, 
 and gravelly grounds, in most places of 
 this land. 
 
 TimeJ] They flower about July, some 
 earlier, some later, and their seed is ripe in 
 August. 
 
 Government and virtues^] Venus is Lady 
 of it. The plants are all astringent, bind- 
 ing, or drying, and therefore profitable for 
 deductions of rheum from the head, and to 
 stays fluxes of blood wheresoever, the de- 
 coction being made into red wine and 
 drank, or the powder taken therein. It also 
 helps the bloody-flux, and eases the tor- 
 ments that come thereby, stays the immode- 
 rate courses of women, and is also good for 
 inward or outward wounds, hurts, and 
 bruises, and helps children both of bursting 
 
 and the worms, and being either drank or 
 injected, for the disease called Tenesmus, 
 which is an often provocation to the stool 
 without doing any think. The green leaves 
 bruised, and laid to any green wound, stay3 
 the bleeding, and heals it up quickly. The 
 juice of the herb taken in wine and milk, 
 is, as Pliny, saith a sovereign remedy 
 against the mumps and quinsey; and further 
 saith, That whosoever shall so take it, shall 
 never be troubled with that disease again. 
 
 COWSLIPS, OR PEAGLES. 
 
 BOTH the wild and garden Cowslips are 
 so well known, that I neither trouble my- 
 self nor the reader with a description of 
 them. 
 
 Time.~\ They flower in April and May. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Venus lays 
 claim to this herb as her own, and it is 
 under the sign Aries, and our city dames 
 know well enough the ointment or distilled 
 water of it adds beauty, or at least restores 
 it when it is lost. The flowers are held to 
 be more effectual than the leaves, and the 
 roots of little use. An ointment being 
 made with them, takes away spots and 
 wrinkles of the skin, sun-burning, and 
 freckles, and adds beauty exceedingly; 
 they remedy all infirmities of the head 
 coming of heat and wind, as vertigo, ephi- 
 altes, false apparitions, phrensies, falling- 
 sickness, palsies, convulsions, cramps, pains 
 in the nerves ; the roots ease pains in the 
 back and bladder, and open the passages of 
 urine. The leaves are good in wounds, 
 and the flowers take away trembling. If 
 the flowers be not well dried, and kept in 
 a warm place, they will soon putrefy and 
 look green : Have a special eye over them ; 
 If you let them see the Sun ounce a month, 
 it will do neither the Sun nor them harm. 
 
 Because they strengthen the brain and 
 nerves, and remedy palsies, and Greeks 
 gave them the name Paralysis. The flowers 
 preserved or conserved, and the quantity of 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 57 
 
 anutmeg eaten every morning, is a sufficient 
 dose for inward diseases ; but for wounds, 
 spots, wrinkles, and sunburnings, an oint- 
 ment is made of the leaves, and hog's 
 grease. 
 
 CRAB'S CLAWS. 
 
 CALLED also Water Sengreen, Knight's 
 Pond Water, Water House-leek, Pond 
 Weed, and Fresh- water Soldier. 
 
 Descript.'] It has sundry long narrow 
 leaves, with sharp prickles on the edges of 
 them, also very sharp pointed ; the stalks 
 which bear flowers, seldom grow so high as 
 the leaves, bearing a forked head, like a 
 Crab's Claw, out of which comes a white 
 flower, consisting of three leaves, with divers 
 yellowish hairy threads in the middle ; it 
 takes root in the mud at the bottom of the 
 water. 
 
 Placed] It grows plentifully in the fens 
 in Lincolnshire. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June, and usually 
 from thence till August. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is a plant 
 under the dominion of Venus, and there- 
 fore a great strengthener of the reins ; it is 
 excellently good for inflammation which is 
 commonly called St. Anthony's Fire ; it 
 assuages inflammations, and swellings in 
 wounds : and an ointment made of it is 
 excellently good to heal them ; there is 
 scarcely a better remedy growing than this 
 is, for such as have bruised their kidneys, 
 and upon that account discharge blood ; a 
 dram of the powder of the herb taken 
 every morning, is a very good remedy to 
 stop the terms. 
 
 BLACK CRESSES. 
 
 Descript.'] IT as long leaves, deeply 
 cut and jagged on both sides, not much 
 unlike wild mustard ; the stalk small, very 
 limber, though very tough : you may twist 
 them round us you may a willow before they 
 Urcak. The flowers are very small and yel- 
 
 low, after which comes small pods, which 
 contains the seed. 
 
 Place J] It is a common herb, grows 
 usually by the way-side, and sometimes 
 upon mud walls about London, but it 
 delights to grow most among stones and 
 rubbish. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June and July, 
 and the seed is ripe in August and Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is a plant of 
 a hot and biting nature, under the dominion 
 of Mars. The seed of Black Cresses 
 strengthens the brain exceedingly, being, 
 in performing that office, little inferior to 
 mustard seed, if at all ; they are excellently 
 good to stay those rheums which may fall 
 down from the head upon the lungs ; you 
 may beat the seed into powder, if you 
 please, and make it up into an electuary 
 with honey ; so you have an excellent 
 remedy by you, not only for the premises, 
 but also for the cough, yellow jaundice and 
 sciatica. This herb boiled into a poultice, 
 is an excellent remedy for inflammations ; 
 both in women's breast, and men's testicles. 
 
 SCIATICA CRESSES. 
 
 Descript. ] THESE are of two kinds ; 
 The first rises up with a round stalk about 
 two feet high, spreads into divers branches, 
 whose lower leaves are somewhat larger 
 than the upper, yet all of them cut or torn 
 on the edges, somewhat like the garden 
 Cresses, but smaller, the flowers are small 
 and white, growing at the tops of branches, 
 where afterwards grow husks with small 
 brownish seeds therein very strong and 
 sharp in taste, more than the Cresses of the 
 garden ; the root is long, white, and woody. 
 
 The other has the lower leaves whole 
 somewhat long and broad, not torn at all, 
 but only somewhat deeply dented about 
 the edges towards the ends ; but those that 
 grow up higher are smaller. The flowers 
 and seeds are like the former, and so is 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 root likewise, and both root and seeds as 
 sharp as it. 
 
 Place.] They grow in the way-sides in 
 untilled places, and by the sides of old 
 walls. 
 
 Time.] They flower in the end of June, 
 and their seed is ripe in July. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is a Saturnine 
 plant. The leaves, but especially the root, 
 taken fresh in Summer-time, beaten or made 
 into a poultice or salve with old hog's grease, 
 and applied to the places pained with the 
 sciatica, to continue thereon four hours if it 
 be on a man, and two hours on a woman ; 
 the place afterwards bathed with wine and 
 oil mixed together, and then wrapped with 
 wool or skins, after they have sweat a little, 
 will assuredly cure not only the same dis- 
 ease in hips, knuckle-bone, or other of the 
 joints, as gout in the hands or feet, but all 
 other old griefs of the head, (as inveterate 
 rheums,) and other parts of the body that 
 are hard to be cured. And if of the former 
 griefs any parts remain, the same medicine 
 after twenty days, is to be applied again. 
 The same is also effectual in the diseases 
 of the spleen ; and applied to the skin, 
 takes away the blemish thereof, whether 
 they be scars, leprosy, scabs, or scurf, 
 which although it ulcerate the part, yet that 
 is to be helped afterwards with a salve made 
 of oil and wax. Esteem this as another 
 
 secret. 
 
 WATER CRESSES 
 
 Descript.] OUR ordinary Water Cresses 
 spread forth with many weak, hollow, sappy 
 stalks, shooting out fibres at the joints and 
 upwards long winged leaves made of sundry 
 broad sappy almost round leaves, of a 
 brownish colour. The flowers are many 
 and white standing on long foot-stalks 
 after which come small yellow seed, con- 
 tained in small long pods like horns. The 
 whole plant abides green in the winter, and 
 tastes somewhat hot and sharp. 
 
 Place.'] They grow, for the most part, 
 in small standing waters, yet sometimes in 
 small rivulets of running water. 
 
 Time.] They flower and seed in the 
 beginning of Summer. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is an herb 
 under the dominirfh of the Moon. They 
 are more powerful against the scurvy, and 
 to cleanse the blood and humours, than 
 Brooklime is, and serve in all the other 
 uses in which Brooklime is available, as to 
 break the stone, and provoke urine and 
 woman's courses. The decoction thereof 
 cleanses ulcers, by washing them there with, 
 The leaves bruised, or the juice, is good, to 
 be applied to the face or other parts troubled 
 with freckles, pimples, spots, or the like, at 
 night, and washed away in the morning. 
 The juice mixed with vinegar, and the fore 
 part of the head bathed therewith, is very 
 good for those that are dull and drowsy, or 
 have the lethargy. 
 
 Water-cress pottage is a good remedy to 
 cleanse the blood in the spring, and help 
 headaches, and consume the gross humours 
 winter has left behind ; those that woul d 
 live in health, may use it if they please ; 
 if they will not, I cannot help it. If any 
 fancy not pottage, they may eat the herb 
 as a sallad. 
 
 CROSSWORT. 
 
 THIS herb receives its name from the 
 situation of its leaves. 
 
 Descript.] Common Crosswort grows 
 up with square hairy brown stalks a little 
 above a foot high, having four small broad 
 and pointed, hairy yet smooth thin leaves, 
 growing at every joint, each against other 
 one way, which has caused the name. 
 Towards the tops of the stalks at the joints, 
 with the leaves in three or four rows down- 
 wards, stand small, pale yellow flowers," 
 after which come small blackish round 
 seeds, four for the most part, set in every 
 husk. The root is very small, and full of 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 59 
 
 fibres, or threads, taking good hold of the 
 ground, and spreading with the branches 
 over a great deal of ground, which perish 
 not in winter, although the leaves die every 
 year and spring again anew. 
 
 Place,~\ It grows in many moist grounds, 
 well in meadows as unfilled places, about 
 London, in Hampstead church-yard, at 
 Wye in Kent, and sundry other places. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers from May all the Sum- 
 mer long, in one place or other, as they are 
 more open to the sun ; the seed ripens soon 
 after. 
 
 Government and virtues^] It is under the 
 dominion of Saturn. This is a singularly 
 good wound herb, and is used inwardly, not 
 only to stay bleeding of wounds, but to con- 
 solidate them, as it doth outwardly any green 
 wound, which it quickly solders up, and 
 heals. The decoction of the herb in wine, 
 helps to expectorate the phlem out oi the 
 chest, and is good for obstructions in the 
 breast, stomach, or bowels, and helps a 
 decayed appetite. It is also good to wash 
 any wound or sore with, to cleanse and heal 
 it. The herb bruised, and then boiled 
 applied outwardly for certain days together, 
 renewing it often : and in the mean time 
 the decoction of the herb in wine, taken 
 inwardly every day, doth certainly cure the 
 rupture in any, so as it be not too invete- 
 rate ; but very speedily, if it be fresh and 
 lately taken. 
 
 CROWFOOT. 
 
 MANY are the names this furious biting 
 herb has obtained, almost enough to make 
 up a Welchman's pedigree, if he fetch no 
 farther than John of Gaunt, or William the 
 Conquerer ; for it is called Frog's-foot, from 
 the Greek name Barrakion : Crowfoot, 
 Gold Knobs, Gold Cups, King's Knob, 
 Baffiners, Troilflowers, Polts, Locket Gou- 
 ions, and Butterflowers. 
 
 Abundance are the sorts of this herb, 
 that to describe them all. would tire the 
 
 patience of Socrates himself, but because 
 I have not yet attained to the spirit of 
 Socrates, I shall but describe the most 
 usual. 
 
 DescriptJ] The most common Crowfoot 
 has many thin great leaves, cut into divers 
 parts, in taste biting and sharp, biting and 
 blistering the tongue : It bears many 
 flowers, and those of a bright, resplendent, 
 yellow colour. I do not remember, that I 
 ever saw any thing yellower. Virgins, in 
 ancient time, used to make powder of them 
 to furrow bride beds ; after which flowers 
 come small heads, some spiked and rugged 
 like a Pine- Apple. 
 
 Place.'] They grow very common every 
 where ; unless you turn, your head into a 
 hedge you cannot but see them as you 
 walk. 
 
 Time.'] They flower in May and June, 
 even till September. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ This fiery and 
 hot-spirited herb of Mars is no way fit to 
 be given inwardly, but an ointment of the 
 leaves or flowers will draw a blister, and 
 may be so fitly applied to the nape of the 
 neck to draw back rheum from the eyes. 
 The herb being bruised and mixed with a 
 little mustard, draws a blister as well, and 
 as perfectly as Cantharides, and with far 
 less danger to the vessels of urine, which 
 Cantharides naturally delight to wrong ; 
 I knew the herb once applied to a pesti- 
 lential rising that was fallen down, and it 
 saved life even beyond hope ; it were good 
 to keep an ointment and plaister of it, if it 
 were but for that. 
 
 CUCKOW-POINT. 
 
 IT is called Aron, Janus. Barba-aron, 
 Calve' s-foot, Ramp, Starchwort, Cuckow- 
 point, and Wake Robin. 
 
 DescriptJ] This shoots forth three, four 
 or five leaves at the most, from one root, 
 every one whereof is somewhat large and 
 long, broad at the bottom next the stalk, 
 
60 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and forked, but ending in a point, without 
 a cut on the edge, of a full green colour, 
 each standing upon a thick round stalk, of a 
 hand-breadth long, or more, among which, 
 after two or three months that they begin to 
 wither, rises up a-bare, round; wliitish green 
 stalk, spotted and streaked with purple, 
 somewhat higher than the leaves : At the 
 top whereof stands a long hollow husk 
 close at the bottom, but open from the 
 middle upwards, ending in a point : in the 
 middle whereof stands the small long pestle 
 or clapper, smaller at the bottom than at 
 the top, of a dark purple colour, as the husk 
 is on the inside, though green without ; 
 which, after it hath so abided for some time, 
 the husk with the clapper decays, and the 
 foot or bottom thereof grows to be a small 
 long bunch of berries, green at the first, 
 and of a yellowish red colour when they 
 are ripe, of the bigness of a hazel-nut ker- 
 nel, which abides thereon almost until 
 Winter ; the root is round, and somewhat 
 long, for the most part lying along, the 
 leaves shooting forth at the largest end, 
 which, when it bears its berries, are some- 
 what wrinkled and loose, another growing 
 under it, which is solid and firm, with many 
 small threads hanging thereat. The whole 
 plant is of a very sharp biting taste, prick- 
 ing the tongue as nettles do the hands, and 
 so abides for a great while without altera- 
 tion. The root thereof was anciently used 
 instead of starch to starch linen with. 
 
 There is another sort of Cuckow-point, 
 with less leaves than the former, and some 
 times harder, having blackish spots upon 
 them, which for the most part abide longer 
 green in Summer than the former, and 
 both leaves and roots are more sharp and 
 fierce than it : In all things else it is like the 
 former. 
 
 P/ace.] These two sorts grow frequently 
 almost under every hedge-side in many 
 places of this land. 
 
 Time.'] They shoot forth leaves in the 
 
 Spring, and continue but until the middle 
 of Summer, or somewhat later ; their husks 
 appearing before the fall away, and their 
 fruit shewing in April. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is under the 
 dominion of Mars. Tragus reports, that 
 a dram weight, or more, if need be, of the 
 spotted Wake Robin, either fresh and 
 green, or dried, having been eaten and taken, 
 is a present and sure remedy for poison and 
 the plague. The juice of the herb taken to 
 the quantity of a spoonful has the same 
 effect. But if there be a little vinegar 
 added thereto, as well as to the root afore- 
 said, it somewhat allays the sharp biting 
 taste thereof upon the tongue. The green 
 leaves bruised, and laid upon any boil or 
 plague sore, doth wonderfully help to draw 
 forth the poison : A dram of the powder of 
 the dried root taken with twice so much 
 sugar in the form of a licking electuary, or 
 the green root, doth wonderfully help those 
 that are pursy and short-winded, as also 
 those that have a cough ; it breaks, digests, 
 and rids away phlegm from the stomach, 
 chest, and lungs. The milk wherein the 
 root as been boiled is effectual also for the 
 same purpose. The said powder taken in 
 wine or other drink, or the juice of the 
 berries, or the powder of them, or the wine 
 wherein they have been boiled, provokes 
 urine, and brings down women's courses 
 and purges them effectually after child- 
 bearing, to bring away the after-birth. 
 Taken with sheep's milk, it heals the inward 
 ulcers of the bowels. The distilled water 
 thereof is effectual to allthe purposes afore- 
 said. A spoonful taken at a time heals 
 the itch ; an ounce or more taken a time 
 for some days together, doth help the rup- 
 ture : The leaves either green or dry, or the 
 juice of them, doth cleanse all manner of 
 rotten and filthy ulcers, in what part of the 
 body soever ; and heals the stinking sores 
 in the nose, called Polypus. The water 
 wherein the root has been boiled, dropped 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 into the eyes, cleanses them from any film 
 or skin, cloud or mists, which begin to 
 hinder the sight, and helps the watering 
 and redness of them, or when, by some 
 chance, they become black and blue. The 
 root mixed with bean-flour, and applied to 
 the throat or jaws that are inflamed, helps 
 them. The juice of the berries boiled in 
 oil of roses, or beaten into powder mixed 
 with the oil, and dropped into the ears, 
 eases pains in them. The berries or the 
 roots beaten with the hot ox-dung, and 
 applied, eases the pains of the gout. The 
 leaves and roots boiled in wine with a little 
 oil, and applied to the piles, or the falling 
 down of the fundament, eases them, and so 
 doth sitting over the hot fumes thereof. The 
 fresh roots bruised and distilled with a little 
 milk, yields a most sovereign water -to 
 cleanse the skin from scurf, freckles, spots, 
 or blemishes whatsoever therein. 
 
 Authors have left large commendations 
 of this herb you see, but for my part, I have 
 neither spoken with Dr. Reason nor Dr. 
 Experience about it. 
 
 CUCUMBERS. 
 
 Government and virtues. ~] THERE is o 
 dispute to be made, but that they are under 
 the dominion of the Moon, though they are 
 so much cried out against for their coldness, 
 and if they were but one degree colder they 
 would be poison. The best of Galenists 
 hold them to be cold and moist in the 
 second degree, and then not so hot as either 
 lettuce or purslain : They are excellently 
 good for a hot stomach, and hot liver ; the 
 unmeasurable use of them fills the body 
 full of raw humours, and so indeed the un- 
 measurable use of any thing else doth harm. 
 The face being washed with their juice, 
 cleanses the skin, and is excellently good for 
 hot rheums in the eyes ; the seed is excel- 
 lently good to provoke urine, and cleanses 
 the passages thereof when they are stopped: 
 there is not a better remedy for ulcers in 
 
 the bladder growing, than Cucumbers are ; 
 The usual course is, to use the seeds in 
 emulsions, as they make almond milk ; but 
 a far better way (in my opinion) is this ; 
 When the season of the year is, Take the 
 Cucumbers and bruise them well, and distil 
 the water from them, and let such as are 
 troubled with ulcers in the bladder drink 
 no other drink. The face being washed 
 with the same water, cures the reddest 
 face that is ; it is also excellently good for 
 sun-burning, freckles, and morphew. 
 
 DAISIES. 
 
 THESE are so well known almost to every 
 child, that I suppose it needless to write 
 any description of them. Take therefore 
 the virtues of them as follows. 
 
 Government and virtues. ,] The herb is 
 under the sign Cancer, and under the 
 dominion of Venus, and therefore excellently 
 good for wounds in the breast, and very 
 fitting to be kept both in oils, ointments, 
 and plaisters, as also in syrup. The greater 
 wild Daisy is a wound herb of good res- 
 pect, often used in those drinks or salves 
 that are for wounds, either inward or out- 
 ward. The juice or distilled water of these, 
 or the small Daisy, doth much temper the 
 heat of choler, and refresh the liver, and the 
 other inward parts. A decoction made of 
 them and drank, helps to cure the wounds 
 made in the hollowness of the breast. The 
 same also cures all ulcers and pustules in 
 the mouth or tongue, or in the secret parts. 
 The leaves bruised and applied to the pri- 
 vities, or to any other parts that are swoln 
 and hot, doth dissolve it, and temper the heat. 
 A decoction made thereof, of Wallwort and 
 Agrimony, and the places fomented and 
 bathed therewith warm, gives great ease to 
 them that are troubled with the palsy, 
 sciatica, or the gout. The same also dis- 
 perses and dissolves the knots or kernels 
 that grow in the flesh of any part of the 
 body, and bruises and hurts that come of 
 
62 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 falls and blows ; they are also used for rup- 
 tures, and other inward burnings, with 
 very good success. An ointment made 
 thereof doth wonderfully help all wounds 
 that have inflammations about them, or by 
 reason of moist humours having access unto 
 them, are kept long from healing, and such 
 are those, for the most part, that happen to 
 joints of the arms or legs. The juice of 
 them dropped into the running eyes of any, 
 doth much help them. 
 
 DANDELION, VULGARLY CALLED P1SS- 
 A-BEDS. 
 
 DescriptJ] IT is well known to have 
 many long and deep gashed leaves, lying 
 on the ground round about the head of the 
 roots ; the ends of each gash or jag, on 
 both sides looking downwards towards the 
 roots ; the middle rib being white, which 
 being broken, yields abundance of bitter 
 milk, but the root much more ; from among 
 the leaves, which always abide green, arise 
 many slender, weak, naked foot-stalks, 
 every one of them bearing at the top one 
 large yellow flower, consisting of many 
 rows of yellow leaves, broad at the points, 
 and nicked in with deep spots of yellow in 
 the middle, which growing ripe, the green 
 husk wherein the flowers stood turns itself 
 down to the stalk, and the head of down 
 becomes as round as a ball : with long 
 seed underneath, bearing a part of the 
 down on the head of every one, which 
 together is blown away with the wind, or 
 may be at once blown away with one's 
 mouth. The root growing downwards 
 exceedingly deep, which being broken off 
 within the ground, will yet shoot forth again, 
 and will hardly be destroyed where it hath 
 once taken deep root in the ground. 
 
 Place.'] It grows frequently in all 
 meadows and pasture-grounds. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in one place or other 
 almost all the year long. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under the 
 
 dominion of Jupiter. It is of an opening 
 and cleansing quality, and therefore very 
 effectual for the obstructions of the liver 
 gall and spleen, and the diseases that arise 
 from them, as the jaundice and hypocon- 
 driac ; it opens the passages of the urine 
 both in young and old ; powerfully cleanses 
 imposthumes and inward ulcers in the 
 urinary passage, and by its drying and 
 temperate quality doth afterwards heal 
 them ; for which purpose the decoction of 
 the roots or leaves in white wine, or the 
 leaves chopped as pot-herbs, with a few 
 Alisanders, and boiled in their broth, are 
 very effectual. And whoever is drawing 
 towards a consumption or an evil disposi- 
 tion of the whole body, called Cachexia, 
 by the use hereof for some time together, 
 shall find a wonderful help, It helps also 
 to procure rest and sleep to bodies dis- 
 tempered by the heat of ague fits, or othe 
 wise : The distilled water is effectual to 
 drink in pestilential fevers, and to wash the 
 sores. 
 
 You see here what virtues this common 
 herb hath, and that is the reason the French 
 and Dutch so often eat them in the Spring ; 
 and now if you look a little farther, you 
 may see plainly without a pair of spec- 
 tacles, that foreign physicians are not so 
 selfish as ours are, but more communicative 
 of the virtues of plants to people. 
 
 DARNEL. 
 
 IT is called Jam and Wray : in Sussex 
 they call it Crop, it being a pestilent enemy 
 among corn. 
 
 DescriptJ] This has all the winter long 
 sundry long, flat, and rough leaves, which, 
 when the stalk rises, which is slender and 
 jointed, are norrower, but rough still ; on 
 the top grows a long spike, composed of 
 many heads set one above another, con- 
 taining two or three husks, with a sharp 
 but short beard of awns at the end ; the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 63 
 
 seed is easily shaken out of the ear, the 
 husk itself being somewhat rough. 
 
 Placed] The country husbandmen do 
 know this too well to grow among their 
 corn, or in the borders and pathways of 
 the other fields that are fallow. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is a malicious 
 part of sullen Saturn. As it is not without 
 some vices, so hath it also many virtues. 
 The meal of Darnel is very good to stay 
 gangrenes, and other such like fretting and 
 eating cankers, and putrid sores : It also 
 cleanses the skin of all leprosies, morphews, 
 ringworms, and the like, if it be used with 
 salt and raddish roots. And being used 
 with quick brimstone and vinegar, it dis- 
 solves knots and kernels, and breaks those 
 that are hard to be dissolved, being boiled 
 in wine with pigeon's dung and Linseed : 
 A decoction thereof made with water and 
 honey, and the places bathed therewith, is 
 profitable for the sciatica. Darnel meal 
 applied in a poultice draws forth splinters 
 and broken bones in the fleshc The red 
 Darnel, boiled in red wine and taken, stays 
 the lask and all other fluxes, and women's 
 bloody issues ; and restrains urine that 
 passes away too suddenly. 
 
 DILL. 
 
 Descript."] THE common Dill grows up 
 with seldom more than one stalk, neither 
 BO high, nor so great usually as Fennel, 
 being round and fewer . joints thereon, 
 whose leaves are sadder, and somewhat 
 long, and so like Fennel that it deceives 
 many, but harder in handling, and some- 
 what thicker, and of a strong unpleasant 
 scent : The tops of the stalks have four 
 branches and smaller umbels of yellow 
 flowers, which turn into small seed, some- 
 what flatter and thinner than Fennel seed. 
 The root is somewhat small and woody, 
 perishes every year after it hath borne 
 seed : and is also unprofitable, being never 
 put to anv use. 
 
 PtaceJ] It is most usually sown in gar- 
 dens and grounds for the purpose, and is 
 also found wild in many places. 
 
 Government and virtues J\ Mercury has 
 the dominion of this plant, and therefore to 
 be sure it strengthens the brain. The Dill 
 being boiled and drank, is good to ease 
 swellings and pains ; it also stays the belly 
 and stomach from casting. The decoction 
 therefore helps women that are troubled 
 with the pains and windiness of the mother, 
 if they sit therein. It stays the hiccough, 
 being boiled in wine, and but smelled unto 
 being tied in a cloth. The seed is of more 
 use than the leaves, and more effectual to 
 digest raw and vicious humours, and is 
 used in medicines that serve to expel wind, 
 and the pains proceeding therefrom. The 
 seed, being roasted or fried, and used in 
 oils or plasters, dissolve the imposthumes 
 in the fundament ; and dries up all moist 
 ulcers, especially in the fundament ; an oil 
 made of Dill is effectual to warm or dis- 
 solve humours and imposthumes, and the 
 pains, and to procure rest. The decoction 
 of Dill, be it herb or seed (only if you boil 
 the seed you must bruise it) in white wine, 
 being drank, it is a gallant expeller of wind, 
 and provoker of the terms. 
 
 DEVIL'S -BIT. 
 
 Descript J] THIS rises up with a round 
 green smooth stalk, about two feet high, 
 set with divers long and somewhat narrow, 
 smooth, dark green leaves, somewhat nipped 
 about the edges, for the most part, being 
 else all whole, and not divided at all, or 
 but very seldom, even to the tops of the 
 branches, which yet are smaller than those 
 below, with one rib only in the middle. 
 At the end of each branch stands a round 
 head of many flowers set together in the 
 same manner, or more neatly than Scabions, 
 and of a bluish purple colour, which 
 being past, there follows seed which falls 
 away. The root is somewhat thick, but 
 
64 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 short and blackish, with many strings, 
 abiding after seed time many years. This 
 root was longer, until the devil (as the 
 friars say) bit away the rest of it for spite, 
 envying its usefulness to mankind ; for 
 sure he was not troubled with any disease 
 for which it is proper. 
 
 There are two other sorts hereof, in 
 nothing unlike the former, save that the 
 one bears white, and the other bluish-co- 
 loured flowers. 
 
 Place.'] The first grows as well in dry 
 meadows and fields as moist, in many 
 places of this land : But the other two are 
 more rare, and hard to be met with, yet 
 they are both found growing wild about 
 Appledore, near Rye in Kent. 
 
 Time.'] They flower not usually until 
 August. 
 
 Government and virtues^] The plant is 
 venereal, pleasing, and harmless. The herb 
 or the root (all that the devil hath left of 
 it) being boiled in wine, and drank, is very 
 powerful against the plague, and all pes- 
 tilential diseases or fevers, poisons also, 
 and the bitings of venemous beasts : It 
 helps also those that are inwardly brui?ed 
 by any casuality, or outwardly by falls or 
 blows, dissolving the clotted blood ; and 
 the herb or root beaten and outwardly 
 applied, takes away the black and blue 
 marks that remain in the skin. The de- 
 coction of the herb, with honey of roses 
 put therein, is very effectual to help the 
 inveterate tumours and swellings of the 
 almonds and throat, by often gargling the 
 mouth therewith. It helps also to procure 
 women's courses, and eases all pains of the 
 mother and to break and discuss wind 
 therein, and in the bowels. The powder of 
 the root taken in drink, drives forth the 
 worms in the body. The juice or distilled 
 water of the herb, is effectual for green 
 wounds, or old sores, and cleanses the 
 body inwardly, and the seed outwardly, 
 from sores, scurf, itch, pimples, freckles, 
 
 morphew, or other deformities thereof, 
 especially if a little vitriol be dissolved 
 therein, 
 
 DOCK. 
 
 MANY kinds of these are so \vell known, 
 that I shall not trouble you with a desc.ip- 
 tion of them : My book grows big too fast. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] All Docks are 
 under Jupiter, of which the Red Dock, 
 which is commonly called Bloodwort, 
 cleanses the blood, and strengthens the 
 liver ; but the yellow Dock-root is best to 
 be taken when either the blood or liver is 
 affected by choler. All of them have a 
 kind of cooling (but not all alike) drying 
 quality, the sorrel being most cold, and the 
 Blood-worts most drying. Of the Burdock, 
 I have spoken already by itself. The seed 
 of most of the other kinds, whether the gar- 
 dens or fields, do stay lasks and fluxes of 
 all sorts, the loathing of the stomach 
 through choler, and is helpful for those that 
 spit bloodj The roots boiled in vinegar 
 help the itch, scabs, and breaking out of the 
 skin, if it be bathed therewith. The dis- 
 tilled water of the herb and roots have the 
 same virtue, and cleanses the skin from 
 freekles, morphews, and all other spots and 
 discolourings therein. 
 
 All Docks being boiled with meat, make 
 it boil the sooner : Besides Blood-wort is 
 exceeding strengthening to the liver, and 
 procures good blood, being as wholesome 
 a pot herb as any growing in a garden ; yet 
 such is the nicety of our times, forsooth, 
 that women will not put it into a pot, be- 
 cause it makes the pottage black ; pride 
 and ignorance (a couple of monsters in the 
 creation) preferring nicety before health. 
 
 DODDER OF THYME, EPITHYMUM. AND 
 OTHER DODDERS. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS first from seed gives 
 roots in the ground, which shoot forth 
 threads or strings, grosser or finer as the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 65 
 
 property of the plant wherein it grows, 
 and the climate doth suffer, creeping and 
 spreading on that plant whereon it fastens, 
 be it high or low. The strings have no 
 leaves at all on them, but wind and in- 
 terlace themselves, so thick upon a small 
 plant, that it takes away all comfort of the 
 sun from it ; and is ready to choak or stran- 
 gle it. After these strings are risen to that 
 height, that they may draw nourishment 
 from that plant, they seem to be broken off 
 from the ground, either by the strength of 
 their rising, or withered by the heat of the 
 Sun. Upon these strings are found clus- 
 ters of small heads or husks, out of which 
 shoot forth whitish flowers, which after- 
 wards give small pale white coloured seed, 
 somewhat flat, and twice as big as Poppy- 
 seed. It generally participates of the na- 
 ture of the plant which it climbs upon ; 
 but the Dodder of Thyme is accounted the 
 best, and is the only true Epithymum. 
 
 Government and virtues^] All Dodders 
 are under Saturn. Tell not me of phy- 
 sicians crying up Epithymum, or that 
 Dodder which grows upon Thyme, (most 
 of which comes from Hemetius in Greece, 
 or Hybla in Sicily, because those moun- 
 tains abound with Thyme,) he is a phy- 
 sician indeed, that hath wit enough to 
 choose the Dodder according to the nature 
 of the disease and humour peccant. We 
 confess, Thyme is the hottest herb it usually 
 grows upon ; and therefore that which 
 grows upon Thyme is hotter than that 
 which grows upon cold herbs ; for it draws 
 nourishment from what it grows upon, as 
 well as from the earth where its root is, and 
 thus you see old Saturn is wise enough to 
 have two strings to his bow. This is ac- 
 counted the most effectual for melancholy 
 diseases, and to purge black or burntcholer, 
 which is the cause of many diseases of the 
 head and brain, as also for the trembling of 
 the heart, faintings and swoonings. It is 
 helpful in all diseases and griefs of the 
 
 spleen, and melancholy that arises from the 
 windiness of the hypochondria. It purges 
 also the reins or kidneys by urine ; it 
 opens obstructions of the gall, whereby it 
 profits them that have the jaundice ; as 
 also the leaves, the spleen : Purging the 
 veins of the choleric arid phlegmatic 
 humours, and helps children in agues, a 
 little worm seed being put thereto. 
 
 The other Dodders do, as I said before, 
 participate of the nature of those plants 
 whereon they grow : As that which hath 
 been found growing upon nettles in the 
 west-country, hath by experience been 
 found very effectual to procure plenty of 
 urine where it hath been stopped or hin- 
 dered. And so of the rest. 
 
 Sympathy and antipathy are two hinges 
 upon which the whole mode of physic 
 turns ; and that physician who minds 
 them not, is like a door off from the hooks, 
 more like to do a man mischief, than to 
 secure him. Then all the diseases Saturn 
 causes, this helps by sympathy, and 
 strengthens all the parts of the body he 
 rules ; such as be caused by Sol, it helps by 
 antipathy. What those diseases are, see 
 my judgment of diseases by astrology ; and 
 if you be pleased to look at the herb Worm- 
 wood, you shall fine a rational way for it. 
 
 DOG'S-GRASS, OR COUGH GRASS. 
 
 DescriptJ] IT is well known, that the 
 grass creeps far about under ground, with 
 long white joined roots, and small fibres 
 almost at every joint, very sweet in taste, 
 as the rest of the herb is, and interlacing 
 one another, from whence shoot forth many 
 fair grassy leaves, small at the ends, and 
 cutting or sharp on the edges. The stalks 
 are jointed like corn, with the like leaves 
 on them, and a large spiked head, with a 
 long husk in them, and hard rough seed in 
 them. If you know it not by this des- 
 cription, watch the dogs when they are 
 sick, and they will quickly lead you to it. 
 
66 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Place.] It grows commonly through this 
 land in divers ploughed grounds to the no 
 small trouble of the husbandmen, as also 
 of the gardeners, in gardens, to weed it out, 
 if they can ; for it is a constant customer to 
 the place it get footing in. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] 'Tis under the 
 dominion of Jupiter, and is the most medi- 
 cinal of all the Quick-grasses. Being 
 boiled and drank, it opens obstructions of 
 the liver and gall, and the stopping of 
 urine, and eases the griping pains of the 
 belly and inflammations ; wastes the mat- 
 ter of the stone in the bladder, and the 
 ulcers thereof also. The roots bruised and 
 applied, do consolidate wounds. The seed 
 doth more powerfully expel urine, and 
 stays he lask and vomiting. The dis- 
 tilled water alone, or with a little wormseed, 
 kills the worms in children. 
 
 The way of use is to bruise the roots, and 
 having well boiled them in white wine, 
 drink the decoction : 'Tis opening but not 
 purging, very safe : 'Tis a remedy against 
 all diseases coming of stopping, and such 
 are half those that are incident to the body 
 of man ; and although a gardener be of 
 another opinion, yet a physician holds half 
 an acre of them to be worth five acres of 
 Carrots twice told over. 
 
 DOVE'S-FOOT, OR CRANE'S-BILL. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS has divers small, round, 
 pale-green leaves, cut in about the edges, 
 much like mallow, standing upon long, 
 reddish, hairy stalks lying in a round con- 
 pass upon the ground ; among which rise 
 up two or three, or more, reddish, jointed, 
 slender, weak, hairy stalks, with some like 
 leaves thereon, but smaller, and more cut in 
 up to the tops, where grow many very 
 small bright red flowers of five leaves 
 a-piece ; after which follow small heads, 
 with small short beaks pointed forth, as all 
 others sorts of those herbs do. 
 
 Place.] It grows in pasture grounds, and 
 
 by the path-sides in many places, and will 
 also be in gardens. 
 
 Time.] It flowers in June, July, and 
 August, some earlier and some later ; and 
 the seed is ripe quickly after. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is a very 
 gentle, though martial plant. It is found 
 by experience to be singularly good for wind 
 cholic, as also to expel the stone and gravel 
 in the kidneys. The decoction thereof in 
 wine, is an excellent good cure for those 
 that have inward wounds, hurts, or bruises, 
 both to stay the bleeding, to dissolve and 
 expel the congealed blood, and to heal the 
 parts, as also to cleanse and heal outward 
 sores, ulcers, and fistulas ; and for green 
 wounds, many do only bruise the herb, and 
 apply it to the places, and it heals them 
 quickly. The same decoction in wine 
 fomented to any place pained with the 
 gout, or to joint-aches, or pains of the 
 sinews, gives much ease. The powder or 
 decoction of the herb taken for some time 
 together, is found by experience to be sin- 
 gularly good for ruptures and burstings in 
 people, either young or old. 
 
 DUCK'S MEAT. 
 
 THIS is so well known to swim on the 
 tops of standing waters, as ponds, pools, 
 and ditches, that it is needless further to 
 describe it. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Cancer claims 
 the herb, and the Moon will be Lady of it ; 
 a word is enough to a wise man. It is 
 effectual to help inflammations, and St. 
 Anthony's Fire, as also the gout, either 
 applied by itself, or in a poultice with Bar- 
 ley meal. The distilled water by some is 
 highly esteemed against all inward inflam- 
 mations and pestilent fevers ; as also to 
 help the redness of the eyes, and swellings 
 of privities, and of the breasts before they 
 be grown too much. The fresh herb ap- 
 plied to the forehead, eases the pains of 
 the head-ache coming of heat. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 7 
 
 DOWN, OR COTTON-THISTLE. 
 
 Descript.] THIS has large leaves lying 
 on the ground, somewhat cut in, and as it 
 were crumpled on the edges, of a green 
 colour on the upper side, but covered with 
 long hairy wool, or Cotton Down, set with 
 most sharp and cruel pricks, from the mid- 
 dle of whose head of flowers, thrust forth 
 many purplish crimson threads, and some- 
 times (although very seldom) white ones. 
 The seed that follows in the heads, lying 
 in a great deal of white down, is some- 
 what large, long, and round, like the seed 
 of ladies thistle, but paler. The root is 
 great and thick, spreading much, yet it 
 usually dies after seed-time. 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows in divers ditches, 
 banks, and in corn-fields, and highways, 
 generally every where throughout the land. 
 
 Time^] It flowers and bears seed about 
 the end of Summer, when other thistles do 
 flower and seed. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ Mars owns 
 the plant, and manifest to the world, that 
 though it may hurt your finger, it will help 
 your body; for I fancy it much for the 
 ensuing virtues. Pliny and Dioscorides 
 write, That the leaves and roots thereof 
 taken in drink, help those that have a crick 
 in their neck ; whereby they cannot turn 
 their neck but their whole body must turn 
 also (sure they do not mean those that have 
 got a crick in their neck by being under 
 the hangman's hand.) Galen saith, that 
 the root and leaves hereof are of a healing 
 quality, and good for such persons as have 
 their bodies drawn together by some spasm 
 or convulsion, as it is with children that 
 have the rickets. 
 
 DRAGONS. 
 
 THEY are so well known to every one 
 that plants them in their gardens, they 
 need no description ; if not, let them look 
 
 down to the lower end of the stalks, and 
 see how like a snake they look. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ The plant is 
 under the dominion of Mars, and therefore 
 it would be a wonder if it should want 
 some obnoxious quality or other: In all 
 herbs of that quality, the safest way is 
 either to distil the herb in an alembick, in 
 what vehicle you please, or else to press 
 out the juice, and distil that in a glass still, 
 in sand. It scours and cleanses the in- 
 ternal parts of the body mightily, and it 
 clears the external parts also, being exter- 
 nally applied, from freckles, morphew, and 
 sun-burning : Your best way to use it ex- 
 ternally, is to mix it with vinegar ; an oint- 
 ment of it is held to be good in wounds 
 and ulcers ; it consumes cankers, and that 
 flesh growing in the nostrils, which they 
 call Polypus : Also the distilled water being 
 dropped into the eyes, takes away spots 
 there, or the pin and web, and mends the 
 dimness of sight; it is excellently good against 
 pestilence and poison. Pliny and Dios- 
 corides affirm, that no serpent will meddle 
 with him that carries this herb about, him. 
 
 THE ELDER TREE. 
 
 I HOLD it needless to write any descrip- 
 tion of this, since every boy that plays with 
 a pop-gun will not mistake another tree 
 instead of Elder : I shall therefore in this 
 place only describe the Dwarf-Elder, 
 called also Dead-wort, and Wall-wort. 
 
 THE DWARF-ELDER. 
 
 Descript.~] THIS is but an herb every 
 year, dying with his stalks to the ground, 
 and rising afresh every Spring, and is like 
 unto the Elder both in form and quality, 
 rising up with a square, rough, hairy stalks, 
 four feet high, or more sometimes. The 
 winged leaves are somewhat narrower than 
 the Elder, but else like them. The flowers 
 are white with a dash of purple, standing in 
 umbels, very like the Elder also, but more 
 T 
 
68 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 sweet is scent; after which come small 
 blackish berries, full of juice while they are 
 fresh, wherein is small hard kernels, or seed. 
 The root doth creep under the upper crust 
 of the ground, springing in divers places, 
 being of the bigness of one's finger or 
 thumb sometimes. 
 
 Place.'] The Elder-tree grows in hedges, 
 being planted thereto strengthen the fences 
 and partitions of ground, and to hold the 
 banks by ditches and water-courses. 
 
 The Dwarf Elder grows wild in many 
 places of England, where being once gotten 
 into a ground, it is not easily gotten forth 
 
 again. 
 
 Time."] Most of the Elder Trees, flower 
 in June, and their fruit is ripe for the most 
 part in August. But the Dwarf Elder, or 
 Wall- wort, flowers somewhat later, and his 
 fruit is not ripe until September. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ Both Elder 
 and Dwarf Tree are under the dominion of 
 Venus. The first shoots of the common 
 Elder boiled like Asparagus, and the young 
 leaves and stalks boiled in fat broth, doth 
 mightily carry forth phlegm and choler. 
 The middle or inward bark boiled in water, 
 and given in drink, works much more 
 violently ; and the berries, either green or 
 dry, expel the same humour, and are often 
 given with good success to help the dropsy; 
 the bark of the root boiled in wine, or the 
 juice thereof drank, Ttorks the same effects, 
 but more powerfully than either the leaves 
 or fruit. The juice of the root taken, doth 
 mightily procure vomitings, and purges the 
 watery humours of the dropsy. The de- 
 coction of the root taken, cures the biting 
 of an adder, and biting of mad dogs. It 
 mollifies the hardness of the mother, if 
 women sit thereon, and opens their veins, 
 and brings down their courses : The berries 
 boiled in wine perform the same effect ; 
 and the hair of the head washed therewith 
 is made black. The juice of the green 
 leaves applied to the hot inflammations of 
 
 the eyes, 'assuages them ; the juice of the 
 leaves snuffed up into the nostrils, purges 
 the tunicles of the brain ; the juice of the 
 berries boiled with honey and dropped 
 into the ears, helps the pains of them ; the 
 decoction of the berries in wine, being 
 drank, provokes urine ; the distilled water 
 of the flowers is of much use to clean the 
 skin from sun-burning, freckles, morphew, 
 or the like ; and takes away the head-ache, 
 coming of a cold cause, the head being 
 bathed therewith. The leaves or flowers 
 distilled in the month of May, and the legs 
 often washed with the said distilled water, 
 it takes away the ulcers and sores of them. 
 The eyes washed therewith, it takes away 
 the redness and bloodshot ; and the hands 
 washed morning and evening therewith, 
 helps the palsy, and shaking of them. 
 
 The Dwarf Elder is more powerful than 
 the common Elder in opening and purging 
 choler, phlegm, and water ; in helping the 
 gout, piles, and women's diseases, colours 
 the hair black, helps the inflammations of 
 the eyes, and pains in the ears, the biting of 
 serpents, or mad dogs, burnings and scald- 
 ings, the wind cholic, cholic, and stone, the 
 difficulty of urine, the cure of old sores and 
 fistulous ulcers. Either leaves or bark of 
 Elder, stripped upwards as you gather it, 
 causes vomiting. Also, Dr. Butler, in a 
 manuscript of his, commends Dwarf Elder 
 to the sky of dropsies, vis. to drink it, 
 being boil ad in white wine ; to drink the 
 decoction r mean, not the Elder. 
 
 THE ELM TREE. 
 
 THIS tree is so well known, growing 
 generally in all counties of this land, that it 
 is needless to describe it. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is a cold and 
 saturnine plant. The leaves thereof bruised 
 and applied, heal green wounds, being 
 bound thereon with its own bark. The 
 leaves or the bark used with vinegar, cures 
 scurf and leprosy very effectually ; The 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 69 
 
 decoction of the leaves, bark, or root, being 
 bathed, heals broken bones. The water 
 that is found in the bladders on the leaves, 
 while it is fresh, is very effectual to cleanse 
 the skin, and make it fair; and if cloaths be 
 often wet therein, and applied to the rup- 
 tures of children, it heals them, if they be 
 well bound up with a truss. The said 
 water put into a glass, and set into the 
 ground, or else in dung for twenty-five days, 
 the mouth thereof being close stopped, 
 and the bottom set upon a layer of ordinary 
 salt, that the fceces may settle and water 
 become clear, is a singular and sovereign 
 balm for green wounds, being used with 
 soft tents : The decoction of the bark of 
 the root, fomented, mollifies hard tumours, 
 and the shrinking of the sinews. The roots 
 of the Elm, boiled for a long time in water, 
 and the fat arising on the top thereof, being 
 clean skimmed off, and the place anointed 
 therewith that is grown bald, and the hair 
 fallen away, will quickly restore them 
 again. The said bark ground with brine 
 or pickle, until it come to the form of a 
 poultice, and laid on the place pained with 
 the gout, gives great ease. The decoc- 
 tion of the bark in water, is excellent to 
 bathe such places as have been burnt with 
 fire. 
 
 ENDIVE. 
 
 Descript.~\ COMMON garden Endive bears 
 a longer and larger leaf than Succory, and 
 abides but one year, quickly running up to 
 a stalk and seed, and then perishes ; it has 
 blue flowers, and the seed of the ordinary 
 Endive is so like Succory seed, that it is 
 hard to distinguish them. 
 
 Government and virlues.~\ It is a fine 
 cooling, cleansing, jovial plant. The de- 
 coction of the leaves, or the juice, or the 
 distilled water of Endive, serve well to cool 
 the excessive heat of the liver and stomach, 
 and in the hot fits of agues, and all other 
 inflammations in any part of the body ; it 
 
 cools the heat and sharpness of the urine, 
 and excoriation in the urinary parts. The 
 seeds are of the same property, or rather 
 more powerful, and besides are available 
 for fainting, swooriings, and passions of the 
 heart. Outwardly applied, they serve to 
 temper the sharp humours of fretting ulcers, 
 hot tumours, swellings, and pestilential 
 sores ; and wonderfully help not only the 
 redness and inflammations of the eyes, but 
 the dimness of the sight also ; they are also 
 used to allay the pains of the gout. You 
 cannot use it amiss ; a syrup of it is a fine 
 cooling medicine for fevers. 
 
 ELECAMPANE. 
 
 DescriptJ] IT shoots forth many large 
 leaves, long and broad, lying near the 
 ground, small at both ends, somewhat soft 
 in handling of a whitish green on the upper 
 side, and grey underneath, each set upon 
 a short footstalk, from among which arise up 
 divers great and strong hairy stalks, three 
 or four feet high, with some leaves there- 
 upon, compassing them about at the lower 
 end, and are branched towards the tops, 
 bearing divers great and large flowers, like 
 those of the corn marigold, both the border 
 of leaves, and the middle thrum being yel- 
 low, which turn into down, with long, small, 
 brownish seeds amongst it, and is carried 
 away with the wind. The root is great 
 and thick, branched forth divers ways, 
 blackish on the outside and whitish within, 
 of a very bitter taste, and strong, but good 
 scent, especially when they are dried, no 
 part else of the plant having any smell. 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows on moist grounds, and 
 shadowy places oftener than in the dry and 
 open borders of the fields and lanes, and in 
 other waste places, almost in every county 
 of this land. 
 
 Time.~\ It flowers in the end of June and 
 July, and the seed is ripe in August. The 
 roots are gathered for use, as well in the 
 
70 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Spring before the leaves come forth, as in 
 Autumn or Winter. 
 
 Government and virtues^] It is a plant 
 under the dominion of Mercury. The fresh 
 roots of Elecampane preserved with sugar, 
 or made into a syrup or conserve, are very 
 effectual to warm a cold windy stomach, 
 or the pricking therein, and stiches in the 
 sides caused by the spleen ; and to help the 
 cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing in 
 the lungs. The dried root made into pow- 
 der, and mixed with sugar, and taken, serves 
 to the same purpose, and is also profitable 
 for those who have their urine stopped, or 
 the stopping of women's courses, the pains 
 of the mother and the stone in the reins, 
 kidneys, or bladder ; it resists poison, and 
 stays the spreading of the venom of ser- 
 pents, as also putrid and pestilential fevers, 
 and the plague itself. The roots and herbs 
 beaten and put into new ale or beer, and 
 daily drank, clears, stengthens, and quick- 
 ens the sight of the eyes wonderfully. The 
 decoction of the roots in wine, or the juice 
 taken-therein, kills and drives forth all man- 
 ner of worms in the belly, stomach, and 
 maw; and gargled in the mouth, or the 
 root chewed, fastens loose teeth, and helps 
 to keep them from putrefaction ; and being 
 drank is good for those that spit blood, 
 helps to remove cramps or convulsions, 
 gout, sciatica, pains in the joints, applied 
 outwardly or inwardly, and is also good for 
 those that are bursten, or have any inward 
 bruise. The root boiled well in vinegar 
 beaten afterwards, and made into an oint- 
 ment with hog's suet, or oil of trotters is an 
 excellent remedy for scabs or itch in young 
 or old ; the places also bathed or washed 
 with the decoction doth the same ; it also 
 helps all sorts of filthy old putrid sores or 
 cankers whatsoever. In the roots of this 
 berb lieth the chief effect for the remedies 
 aforesaid. The distilled water of the leaves 
 and roots together, is very profitable to 
 cleanse the skin of the face, or other parts, 
 
 from any morphew, spots, or blemishes 
 therein, and make it clear. 
 
 ERINGO, OR SEA-HOLLY. 
 
 Descript.~\ THE first leaves of our ordi- 
 nary Sea-holly, are nothing so hard and 
 prickly as when they grow old, being almost 
 round, and deeply dented about the edges, 
 hard and sharp pointed, and a little crump- 
 led, of a bluish green colour, every one 
 upon a long foot stalk ; but those that grow 
 up higher with the stalk, do as it were com- 
 pass it about. The stalk itself is round and 
 strong, yet somewhat crested, with joints 
 and leaves set thereat, but more divided, 
 sharp and prickly; and branches rising 
 from thence, which have likewise other 
 small branches, each of them having several 
 bluish round prickly heads, with many 
 small jagged prickly leaves under them, 
 standing like a star, and sometimes found 
 greenish or whitish : The root grows won- 
 derfully long, even to eight or ten feet in 
 length, set with rings and circles towards 
 the upper part, cut smooth and without 
 joints down lower, brownish on the outside, 
 and very white within, with a pith in the 
 middle ; of a pleasant taste, but much more, 
 being artificially preserved, and candied 
 with sugar. 
 
 Placed] It is found about the sea coast 
 in almost every county of this land which 
 borders upon the sea. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in the end of Sum- 
 mer, and gives ripe seed within a month 
 after. 
 
 Government and virtues.] The plant is 
 venereal, and breeds seed exceedingly, and 
 strengthens the spirit procreative ; it is hot 
 and moist, and under the celestial Balance. 
 The decoction of the root hereof in wine, 
 is very effectual to open obstructions of the 
 spleen and liver, and helps yellow jaun- 
 dice, dropsy, pains of the loins, and wind 
 cholic, provokes urine, and expels the 
 stone, procures women's courses. The con- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 tinned use of the decoction for fifteen days, 
 taken fasting, and next to bedward, doth 
 help the stranguary, the difficulty and stop- 
 page of urine, and the stone, as well as all 
 defects of the reins and kidneys ; and if the 
 said drink be continued longer, it is said 
 that it cures the stone ; it is found good 
 against the French pox. The roots bruised 
 and applied outwardly, help the kernels of 
 the throat, commonly called the king's evil; 
 or taking inwardly, and applied to the place 
 stung or bitten by any serpent, heal it 
 speedily. If the roots be bruised, and 
 boiled in old hog's grease, or salted lard, 
 and broken bones, thorns &c, remaining 
 in the flesh, they do not only draw them 
 forth, but heal up the place again, gathering 
 new flesh where it was consumed. The 
 juice of the leaves dropped into the ear, 
 helps imposthumes therein. The distilled 
 water of the whole herb, when the leaves 
 and stalks are young, is profitable drank 
 for all the purposes aforesaid; and helps 
 the melancholy of the heart, and is avail- 
 able in quartan and quotidian agues ; as 
 also for them that have their necks drawn 
 awry, and cannot turn them without turn- 
 ing their whole body. 
 
 EYEBRIGHT. 
 
 a 
 
 DescriptJ] COMMON Eyebright is 
 small low herb, rising up usually but with 
 one blackish green stalk a span high, or 
 not much more, spread from the bottom 
 into sundry branches, whereon are small 
 and almost round yet pointed dark green 
 leaves, finely snipped about the edges, two 
 always set together, and very thick : At the 
 joints with the leaves, from the middle up- 
 ward, come forth small white flowers, 
 marked with purple and yellow spots, or 
 Btripes; after which follow small round 
 heads, with very small seed therein. The 
 root is long, small and thready at the end. 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows in meadows, and grassy 
 land. 
 
 Government and virtues^ It is under the 
 sign of the Lion, and Sol claims dominion 
 over it. If the herb was but as much used 
 as it is neglected, it would half spoil the 
 spectacle maker's trade ; and a man would 
 think, that reason should teach people to 
 prefer the preservation of their natural 
 before artificial spectacles; which that they 
 may be instructed how to do, take the vir- 
 tues of Eyebright as follows. 
 
 The juice or distilled water of Eyebright, 
 taken inwardly in white wine or broth, or 
 dropped into the eyes for divers days 
 together, helps all infirmities of the eyes 
 that cause dimness of sight. Some make 
 conserve of the flowers to the same effect. 
 Being used any of the ways, it also helps 
 a weak brain, or memory. This tunned up 
 with strong beer, that it may work together, 
 and drank, or the powder of the dried herb 
 mixed with sugar, a little Mace, and Fennel 
 seed, and drank, or eaten in broth ; or the 
 said powder made into an electuary with 
 sugar, and taken, has the same powerful 
 effect to help and restore the sight, decayed 
 through age ; and Arnoldus de Ville Nova 
 saith, it hath restored sight to them that 
 have been blind a long time before. 
 
 FERN. 
 
 DescriptJ] OF this there are two kinds 
 principally to be treated of, viz. the Male 
 and Female. The Female grows higher 
 than the Male, but the leaves thereof are 
 smaller, and more divided and dented, and 
 of as strong a smell as the male ; the vir- 
 tue of them are both alike, and therefore 
 I shall not trouble you with any descrip- 
 tion or distinction of them. 
 
 Placed] They grow both in heaths and 
 in shady places near the hedge-sides in all 
 counties of this land. 
 
 TimeJ] They flower and give their seed 
 at Midsummer. 
 
 The Female Fern is that plant which is 
 in Sussex, called Brakes, the seed of which 
 u 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 some authors hold to be so rare : Such a 
 thing there is I know, and may be easily 
 had upon Midsummer Eve, and for ought 
 I know, two or three days after it, if not 
 more. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is under the 
 dominion of Mercury, both Male and 
 Female. The roots of both these sorts of 
 Fern being bruised and boiled in Mead, 
 or honeyed water, and drank, kills both 
 the broad and long worms in the body, 
 and abates the swelling and hardness of the 
 spleen. The green leaves eaten, purge the 
 belly of choleric and waterish humours 
 that trouble the stomach. They are dan- 
 gerous for Women with child to meddle 
 with, by reason they cause abortions. The 
 roots bruised and boiled in oil, or hog's 
 grease, make a very profitable ointment to 
 heal wounds, or pricks gotten in the flesh. 
 The powder of them used in foul ulcers, 
 dries up their malignant moisture, and 
 causes their speedier healing. Fern being 
 burned, the smoke thereof drives away 
 serpents, gnats, and other noisome crea- 
 tures, which in fenny countries do in the 
 night time, trouble and molest people lying 
 in their beds with their faces uncovered ; 
 it causes barrenness. 
 
 OSMOND ROYAL, OR WATER FERN 
 
 Descript.~] THIS shoots forth in Spring 
 time (for in the Winter the leaves perish) 
 divers rough hard stalks, half round, and 
 yellowish, or flat on the other side, two feet 
 high, having divers branches of winged 
 yellowish green leaves on all sides, set one 
 against another, longer, narrower, and not 
 nicked on the edges as the former. From 
 the top of some of these stalks grow forth 
 a long bush of small and more yellow, 
 green, scaly aglets, set in the same manner 
 on the stalks as the leaves are, which are 
 accounted the flowers and seeds. The root 
 is rough, thick and scabby : with a white 
 
 pith in the middle, which is called the heart 
 thereof. 
 
 PlaccJ] It grows on moors, bogs, and 
 watery places, in many parts of this land. 
 
 Time.'] It is green all the summer, and 
 the root only abides in winter. 
 
 Government and virtues."] Saturn owns 
 the plant. This has all the virtues men- 
 tioned in the former Ferns, and is much 
 more effectual than they, both for inward 
 and outward griefs, and is accounted sin- 
 gularly good in wounds, bruises, or the like. 
 The decoction to be drank, or boiled into 
 an ointment of oil, as a balsam or balm, 
 and so it is singularly good against bruises, 
 and bones broken, or out of joint, and gives 
 much ease to the cholic and splenetic 
 diseases : as also for ruptures or burstings. 
 The decoction of the root in white wine, 
 provokes urine exceedingly, and cleanses 
 the bladder and passages of urine. 
 
 FEVERFEW OR FEATHERFEW. 
 
 DescriptJ\ COMMON Featherfew has 
 large, fresh, green leaves, much torn or cut 
 on the edges. The stalks are hard and 
 round, set with many such like leaves, but 
 smaller, and at the tops stand many single 
 flowers, upon small foot stalks, consisting 
 of many small white leaves standing round 
 about a yellow thrum in the middle. The 
 root is somewhat hard and short, with many 
 strong fibres about it. The scent of the. 
 whole plant is very strong, and the taste is 
 very bitter. 
 
 /Vace.] This grows wild in many places 
 ot the land, but is for the most part nour- 
 ished in gardens. 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers in the months of June 
 and July. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ Venus com- 
 mands this herb, and has commended it to 
 succour her sisters (women) and to be a 
 general strengthener of their wombs, and 
 remedy such infirmities as a careless mid- 
 wife hath there caused if thev will but be 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 73 
 
 pleased to make use of her herb boiled in 
 white wine, and drink the decoction ; it 
 cleanses the womb, expels the after-birth, 
 and doth a woman all the good she can 
 desire of an herb. And if any grumble 
 because they cannot get the herb in winter, 
 tell them, if they please, they may make 
 a syrup of it in summer ; it is chiefly used 
 for the disease of the mother, whether it be 
 the strangling or rising of the mother, or 
 hardness, or inflammation of the same, 
 applied outwardly thereunto. Or a decoc- 
 tion of the flowers in wine, with a little Nut- 
 meg or Mace put therein, and drank often 
 in a day, is an approved remedy to bring 
 down women's courses speedily, and helps 
 to expel the dead birth and after-birth. 
 For a woman to sit over the hot fumes of 
 the decoction of the herb made in water or 
 wine, is effectual for the same ; and in some 
 cases to apply the boiled herb warm to the 
 privy parts. The decoction thereof made 
 with some sugar, or honey put thereto, is 
 used by many with good success to help 
 the cough and stuffing of the chest, by 
 colds, as also to cleanse the reins and 
 bladder, and helps to expel the stone in 
 them. The powder of the herb taken in 
 wine, with some Oxymel, purges both cho- 
 ler and phlegm, and is available for those 
 that are short winded, and are troubled 
 with melancholy and heaviness, or sadness 
 of spirits. It is very effectual for all pains in 
 the head coming of a cold cause, the herb 
 being bruised and applied to the crown of 
 the head : As also for the vertigo, that is 
 a running or swimming in the head. The 
 decoction thereof drank warm, and the 
 herb bruised with a few corns of Bay salt, 
 and applied to the wrists before the coming 
 of the ague fits, doth take them away. The 
 distilled water takes away freckles, and 
 other spots and deformities in the face. 
 The herb bruised and heated on a tile, with 
 some wine to moisten it, or fried with a 
 little wine and oil in a frying-pan, and ap- 
 
 plied warm outwardly to the places, helps 
 the wind and cholic in the lower part of 
 the belly. It is an especial remedy against 
 opium taken too liberally. 
 
 FENNEL. 
 
 EVERY garden. affords this so plentifully, 
 that it needs no description. 
 
 Government and virtues J\ One good old 
 fashion is not yet left off, viz. to boil Fennel 
 with fish ; for it consumes that phlegmatic 
 humour, which fish most plentifully afford 
 and annoy the body with, though few that 
 use it know wherefore they do it; I suppose 
 the reason of its benefit this way is because 
 it is an herb of Mercury, and. under Virgo, 
 and therefore bears antipathy to Pisces. 
 Fennel is good to break wind, to provoke 
 urine, and ease the pains of the stone, and 
 helps to break it. The leaves or seed, 
 boiled in barley water and drank are good 
 for nurses, to increase their milk, and make 
 it more wholesome for the child, The 
 leaves, or rather the seeds, boiled in water, 
 stays the hiccough, and takes away the 
 loathings which oftentimes happen to the 
 stomachs of sick and feverish persons and, 
 allays the heat thereof. The seed boiled in 
 wine and drank, is good for those that are 
 bitten with serpents, or have eaten poison- 
 ous herbs, or mushrooms. The seed and 
 the roots much more, help to open obstruc- 
 tions of the liver, spleen, and gall, and 
 thereby help the painful and windy swel- 
 lings of the spleen, and the yellow jaundice; 
 as also the gout and cramps. The seed is 
 of good use in medicines to help shortness 
 of breath and wheezing by stopping of the 
 lungs. It helps also to bring down the 
 courses, and to cleanse the parts after 
 delivery. The roots are of most use in 
 physic drinks, and broth that are taken to 
 cleanse the blood, to open obstructions of 
 the liver, so provoke urine, and amend the 
 ill colour in the face after sickness, and to 
 cause a good habit through the body. 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Both leaves, seeds, and roots thereof are 
 much used in drink or broth, to make peo- 
 ple more lean that are too fat. The dis- 
 tilled water of the whole herb, or the con- 
 densate juice dissolved, but especially the 
 natural juice, that in some counties issues 
 out hereof of its own accord, dropped into 
 the eyes, cleanses them from mists and 
 films that hinder the sight. The sweet 
 Fennel is much weaker in physical uses 
 than the common Fennel. The wild Fen- 
 nel is stronger and hotter than the tame, 
 and therefore most powerful against the 
 stone, but not so effectual to encrease milk, 
 because of its dryness. 
 
 SOW-FENNEL, OR HOG's-FENNE L. 
 
 BESIDES the common name in English, 
 Hog's Fennel, and the Latin name Peuci- 
 danum, is called Hoar-strange, and Hoar- 
 strong, Sulphur-wort, and Brimstone-wort. 
 
 DescriptJ} The common Sow-Fennel 
 has divers branched stalks of thick and 
 somewhat long leaves, three for the most 
 part joined together at a place, among 
 which arises a crested straight stalk, less 
 than Fennel, with some joints thereon, and 
 leaves growing thereat, and towards the 
 tops some branches issuing from thence; 
 likewise on the tops of the stalks and 
 branchesstand divers tufts of yellow flowers, 
 whereafter grows somewhat flat, thin, and 
 yellowish seed, bigger than Fennel seed. 
 The roots grow great and deep, with many 
 other parts and fibres about them of a 
 strong scent like hot brimstone, and yield 
 forth a yellowish milk, or clammy juice, 
 almost like a gum. 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows plentifully in the salt 
 low marshes near Feversham in Kent. 
 
 Time."] It flowers plentifully in July and 
 August. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ This is also an 
 herb of Mercury. The juice of Sow- Fennel 
 (saith Dioscorides, and Galen,) used with 
 vinegar and rose water, or the juice with a 
 
 little Euphorbium put to the nose, helps 
 those that are troubled with the lethargy, 
 frenzy, giddiness of the head, the falling 
 sickness, long and inveterate head-aches, 
 the palsy, sciatica, and the cramp, and 
 generally all the diseases of the sinews, used 
 with oil and vinegar. The juice dissolved 
 in wine, or put into an egg, is good for a 
 cough, or shortness of breath, and for those 
 that are troubled with wind in the body. 
 It purges the belly gently, expels the hard- 
 ness of the spleen, gives ease to women 
 that have sore travail in child-birth, and 
 eases the pains of the reins and bladder, 
 and also the womb. A little of the juice 
 dissolved in wine, and dropped into the 
 ears, eases, much of the pains in them, and 
 put into a hollow tooth, eases the pain 
 thereof. The root is less effectual to all 
 the aforesaid disorders ; yet the powder of 
 the root cleanses foul ulcers, being put into 
 them, and takes out splinters of broken 
 bones, or other things in the flesh, and 
 heals them up perfectly : as also, dries up 
 old and inveterate running sores, and is of 
 admirable virtue in all green wounds. 
 
 FIG-WORT, OR XHROAT-WORT. 
 
 Descript.~\ COMMON great Fig-wort sends 
 divers great, strong, hard, square brown 
 stalks, three or four feet high, whereon grow 
 large, hard, and dark green leaves, two at 
 a joint, harder and larger than Nettle 
 leaves, but not stinking ; at the tops of the 
 stalks stand many purple flowers set in 
 husks, which are sometimes gaping and 
 open, somewhat like thoseof Water Betony; 
 after which come hard round heads, with 
 a small point in the middle, wherein lie 
 small brownish seed. The root is great, 
 white, and thick, with many branches at it, 
 growing aslope under the upper crust ot 
 the ground, which abides many years, but 
 keeps not his green leaves in Winter. 
 
 Place.] It grows frequently in moist 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 75 
 
 and shadowy woods, and in the lower parts 
 of the fields and meadows. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers about July, and the 
 seed will be ripe about a month after the 
 flowers are fallen. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Some Latin 
 authors call it Cervicaria, because it is ap- 
 propriated to the neck ; and we Throat- 
 wort, because it is appropriated to the 
 throat. Venus owns the herb, and the 
 Celestial Bull will not deny it ; therefore 
 a better remedy cannot be for the king's 
 evil, because the Moon that rules the dis- 
 ease, is exalted there. The decoction of the 
 herb taken inwardly, and the bruised herb 
 applied outwardly, dissolves clotted and 
 congealed blood within the body, coming 
 by any wounds, bruise, or fall ; and is no 
 less effectual for the king's evil, or any 
 other knobs, kernel, bunches, or wens 
 growing in the flesh wheresoever ; and for 
 the haemorrhoids, or piles. An ointment 
 made hereof may be used at all times when 
 the fresh herb is not to be had. The dis- 
 tilled water of the whole plant, roots and 
 all, is used for the same purposes, and dries 
 up the superfluous, virulent moisture of 
 hollow and corroding ulcers ; it takes away 
 ill redness, spots, and freckles in the face, 
 as also the scurf, and any foul deformity 
 therein, and the leprosy likewise. 
 
 PILIPENDULA, OR DROP-WORT. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS sends forth many leaves, 
 some larger, some smaller, set on each side 
 of a middle rib, and each of them dented 
 about the edges, somewhat resembling wild 
 Tansy, or rather Agrimony, but harder in 
 handling ; among which rise up one or 
 more stalks, two or three feet high, with the 
 leaves growing thereon, and sometimes also 
 divided into other branches spreading atthe 
 top into many white, sweet-smelling flowers, 
 consisting of five leaves a-piece, with some 
 threads in the middle of them, standing 
 
 together in a pith or umble, each upon a 
 small foot stalk, which after they have been 
 blown upon a good while, do fall away, 
 and in their places appear small, round, 
 chaffy heads like buttons, wherein are the 
 chaffy seeds set and placed. The root 
 consists of many small, black, tuberous 
 pieces, fastened together by many small, 
 long, blackish strings, which run from one 
 to another. 
 
 Place.] It grows in many places of this 
 land, in the corners of dry fields and mea- 
 dows, and the hedge sides. 
 
 Time.'] They flower in June and July, 
 and their seed is ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under the 
 dominion of Venus. It effectually opens 
 the passages of the urine, helps the stran- 
 guary ; the stone in the kidneys or bladder, 
 the gravel, and all other pains of the blad 
 der and reins, by taking the roots in pow- 
 der, or a decoction of them in white wine, 
 with a little honey. The roots made into 
 powder, and mixed with honey in the form 
 of an electuary, doth much help them 
 whose stomachs are swollen, dissolving and 
 breaking the wind which was the cause 
 thereof; and is also very effectual for all 
 the diseases of the lungs, as shortness of 
 breath, wheezing, hoarseness of the throat, 
 and the cough ; and to expectorate tough 
 phlegm, or any other parts thereabout. 
 
 THE FIG-TREE. 
 
 To give a description of a tree so well 
 known to every body that keep it in his 
 garden, were needless. They prosper very 
 well in our English gardens, yet are fitter 
 for medicine than for any other profit which 
 is gotten by the fruit of them. 
 
 Government and virtues.] The tree is 
 under the dominion of Jupiter. The milk 
 that issues out from the leaves or branches 
 where they are broken off, being dropped 
 upon warts, takes them away. The de- 
 
76 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 coction of the leaves is excellently good to 
 wash sore heads with : and there is scarcely 
 a better remedy for the leprosy than it is. 
 It clears the face also of morphew, and the 
 body of white scurf, scabs, and running 
 sores. If it be dropped into old fretting 
 ulcers, it cleanses out the moisture, and 
 brings up the flesh ; because you cannot 
 have the leaves green all the year, you may 
 make an ointment of them whilst you can. 
 A decoction of the leaves being drank in- 
 wardly, or rather a syrup made of them, 
 dissolves congealed blood caused by bruises 
 or falls, and helps the bloody flux. The 
 ashes of the wood made into an ointment 
 with hog's grease, helps kibes and chilblains. 
 The juice being put into an hollow tooth, 
 eases pain : as also pain and noise in the 
 ears, being dropped into them ; and deaf- 
 ness. An ointment made of the juice and 
 hog's grease, is an excellent remedy for the 
 bitten of mad dogs, or other venomous 
 beasts as most are. A syrup made of the 
 leaves, or green fruit, is excellently good for 
 coughs, hoarseness, or shortness of breath, 
 and all diseases of the breast and lungs ; it 
 is also extremely good for the dropsy and 
 falling sickness. They say that the Fig 
 Tree, as well as the Bay Tree, is never 
 hurt by lightning ; as also, if you tie a bull, 
 be he ever so mad, to a Fig Tree, he will 
 quickly become tame and gentle. As for 
 such figs as come from beyond sea, I 
 have little to say, because I write not of 
 exoticks. 
 
 THE YELLOW WATER-FLAG, OR FLOWER- 
 DE-LUCE. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS grows like the Flower- 
 de-luce, but it has much longer and nar- 
 rower sad green leaves, joined together in 
 that fashion ; the stalk also growing often- 
 times as high, bearing small yellow flowers 
 shaped like the Flower-de-luce, with three 
 falling leaves, and other three arched that 
 
 cover their bottoms ; but instead of the 
 three upright leaves, as the Flower-de luce 
 has, this has only three short pieces stand- 
 ing in their places, after which succeed 
 thick and long three square heads, contain- 
 ing in each part somewhat big and flat 
 seed, like those of theFlower-de-luce. The 
 root is long and slender, of a pale brownish 
 colour on the outside, and of a horseflesh 
 colour on the inside, with many hard fibres 
 thereat, and very harsh in taste. 
 
 Placed] It usually grows in watery 
 ditches, ponds, lakes, and moor sides, which 
 are always overflowed with water. 
 
 Time."] It flowers in July, and the seed 
 is ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under the 
 dominion of the Moon. The root of this 
 Water-flag is very astringent, cooling, and 
 drying ; and thereby helps all lasks and 
 fluxes, whether of blood or humours, as 
 bleeding at the mouth, nose, or other parts, 
 bloody flux, and the immoderate flux of 
 women's courses. The distilled water of 
 the whole herb, flowers and roots, is a 
 sovereign good remedy for watering eyes, 
 both to be dropped into them, and to have 
 cloths or sponges wetted therein, and ap- 
 plied to the forehead : It also helps the 
 spots and blemishes that happen in and 
 about the eyes, or in any other parts : The 
 said water fomented on swellings and hot 
 inflammations of women's breasts, upon 
 cancers also, and those spreading ulcers 
 called Noli me tangere, do much good : It 
 helps also foul ulcers in the privities of man 
 or woman ; but an ointment made of the 
 flowers is better for those external appli- 
 cations. 
 
 FLAX-WEED, OR TOAD-FLAX. 
 
 DescriptJ] OUR common Flax- weed has 
 divers stalks full fraught with long and 
 narrow ash-coloured leaves, and from. the 
 middle of them almost upward, stored with 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 77 
 
 a number of pale yellow flowers, of a strong 
 unpleasant scent, with deeper yellow 
 mouths, and blackish flat seed in round 
 heads. The root is somewhat woody and 
 white, especially the main downright one, 
 with many fibres, abiding many years, 
 shooting forth roots every way round about, 
 and new branches every year. 
 
 Place. ] This grows throughout this land, 
 both by the way sides and in meadows, as 
 also by hedge-sides, and upon the sides of 
 banks, and borders of fields. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in Summer, and the 
 seed is ripe usually before the end of 
 August. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ Mars owns the 
 herb : In Sussex we call it Gallwort, and 
 lay it in our chicken's water to cure them 
 of the gall ; it relieves them when they are 
 drooping. This is frequently used to spend 
 the abundance of those watery humours by 
 urine which cause the dropsy. The decoc- 
 tion of the herb, both leaves and flowers, 
 in wine, taken and drank, doth somewhat 
 move the belly downwards, opens obstruc- 
 tions of the liver, and helps the yellow 
 jaundice ; expels poison, provokes women's 
 courses, drives forth the dead child, and 
 after-birth. The distilled water of the herb 
 and flowers is effectual for all the same pur- 
 poses ; being drank with a dram of the 
 powder of the seeds of bark or the roots of 
 Wall- wort, and a little Cinnamon, for cer- 
 tain days together, it is held a singular re- 
 medy for the dropsy. The juice of the herb, 
 or the distilled water, dropped into the eyes, 
 is a certain remedy for all heat, inflamma- 
 tion, and redness in them. The juice or 
 water put into foul ulcers, whether they be 
 cancerous or fistulous, with tents rolled 
 therein, or parts washed and injected there- 
 with, cleanses them thoroughly from the 
 bottom, and heals them up safely. The 
 same juice or water also cleanses the skin 
 wonderfully of all sorts of deformity, as 
 leprosy, morphew, scurf, wheals, pimples, 
 
 or spots, applied of itself, or used with some 
 powder of Lupines. 
 
 FLEA-WORT. 
 
 DescriptJ] ORDINARY Flea-wort rises 
 up with a stalk two feet high or more, full 
 of joints and branches on every side up to 
 the top, and at every joint two small, long 
 and narrow whitish green leaves somewhat 
 hairy ; At the top of every branch stand 
 divers small, short scaly, or chaffy heads 
 out of which come forth small whitish 
 yellow threads, like to those of the Plan- 
 tain herbs, which are the bloomings of 
 flowers. The seed enclosed in these heads 
 is small and shining while it is fresh, very 
 like unto fleas both for colour and bigness, 
 but turning black when it grows old. The 
 root is not long, but white, hard and woody, 
 perishing every year, and rising again of 
 its own seed for diversyears, if it be suffered 
 to shed : The whole plant is somewhat 
 whitish and hairy, smelling somewhat like 
 rosin. 
 
 There is another sort hereof, differing not 
 from the former in the manner of growing, 
 but only that the stalk and branches being 
 somewhat greater, do a little more bow 
 down to the ground : The leaves are some- 
 what greater, the heads somewhat less, the 
 seed alike ; and the root and leaves abide 
 all winter, and perish not as the former. 
 
 Placed] The first grows only in gardens, 
 the second plentifully in fields that are 
 near the sea. 
 
 Time.'] They flower in July or there- 
 abouts. 
 
 Government and virtues. ~\ The herb is 
 cold, and dry, and saturnine. I suppose 
 it obtained the name of Flea-wort, because 
 the seeds are so like Fleas. The seeds fried, 
 and taken, stays the flux or lask of the 
 belly, and the corrosions that come by rea- 
 son of hot choleric, or sharp and malignant 
 humours, or by too much purging of any 
 violent medicine, as Scammony, or the 
 
78 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 like. The mucilage of the seed made with 
 Rose-water, and a little sugar-candy put 
 thereto, is very good in all hot agues and 
 burning fevers, and other inflammations, to 
 cool the thirst, and lenify the dryness and 
 roughness of the tongue and throat. It 
 helps also hoarseness of the voice, and dis- 
 eases of the breast and lungs, caused by 
 heat, or sharp salt humours, and the pleu- 
 risy also. The mucilage of the seed made 
 with Plantain water, whereunto the yoke of 
 an egg or two, and a little Populeon are 
 put, is a most safe and sure remedy to ease 
 the sharpness, pricking, and pains of the 
 haemorrhoids or piles, if it be laid on a 
 cloth, and bound thereto. It helps all in- 
 dammations in any part of the body, and 
 the pains that come thei'eby, as the head- 
 ache and megrims, and all hot imposthumes, 
 swellings, or breaking out of the skin, as 
 blains, wheals, pushes, purples, and the 
 like, as also the joints of those that are out 
 of joint, the pains of the gout and sciatica, 
 the burstings of young children, and the 
 swellings of the navel, applied with oil of 
 roses and vinegar. It is also good to heal 
 the nipples and sore breasts of women, 
 being often applied thereunto. The juice 
 of the herb with a little honey put into the 
 ears helps the running of them, and the 
 worms breeding in them : The same also 
 mixed with hog's grease, and applied to 
 corrupt and filthy ulcers, cleanses them 
 and heals them. 
 
 FLUX-WEED. 
 
 Descript.~\ IT rises up with a round 
 upright hard stalk, four or five feet high, 
 spread into sundry branches, whereon grow 
 many greyish green leaves, very finely cut 
 and severed into a number of short and 
 almost round parts. The flowers are very 
 small and yellow, growing spike fashion, i 
 after which eome small long pods, with 
 small yellowish seed in them. The root is 
 long and woody, perishing every year. 
 
 There is another sort, differing in nothing, 
 save only it has somewhat broad leaves ; 
 they have a strong evil saviour, being 
 smelled unto, and are of a drying taste. 
 
 Place.'] They flower wild in the fields 
 by hedge-sides and highways, and among 
 rubbish and other places. 
 
 Time.'] They flower and seed quickly 
 after, namely in June and July. 
 
 Government and virtues^] This herb is 
 saturnine also. Both the herb and seed ot 
 Flux- weed is of excellent use to stay the flux 
 or lask of the belly, being drank in water 
 wherein gads of steel heated have been 
 often quenched ; and is no less effectual 
 for the same purpose than Plantain or Com- 
 frey, and to restrain any other flux of blood 
 in man or woman, as also to consoladate 
 bones broken or out of joint. The juice 
 thereof drank in wine, or the decoction of 
 the herb drank, doth kill 'the worms in the 
 stomach or belly, or the worms that grow 
 in putrid and filthy ulcers, and made into 
 a salve doth quickly heal all old sore*s, how 
 foul or malignant soever they be. The 
 distilled water of the herb works the same 
 effect, although somewhat weaker, yet it 
 is a fair medicine, and more acceptable to 
 be taken. It is called Flux- weed because 
 it cures the flux, and for its uniting broken 
 bones, &c. Paracelsus extol it to the skies. 
 It is fitting that syrup, ointment, and 
 plaisters of it were kept in your house. 
 
 FLOWER-DE-LUCE. 
 
 IT is so well known, being nourished up 
 in most gardens, that I shall not need to 
 spent time in writing a description thereof. 
 
 Time.~\ The flaggy kinds thereof have 
 the most physical uses ; the dwarf kinds 
 thereof flowers in April, the greater sorts 
 in May. 
 
 Government and virtues^] The herb is 
 Luner. The juice or decoction of the green 
 root of the flaggy kind of Fower-de-luce, 
 with a little honey drank, doth purge and 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 79 
 
 cleanse the stomach of gross and tough 
 phlegm, and choler therein ; it helps the 
 jaundice and the dropsy, evacuating those 
 humours both upwards and downwards ; 
 and because it somewhat hurts the stomach, 
 is not to be taken without honey and spike- 
 nard. The same being drank, doth ease 
 the pains and torments of the belly and 
 sides, the shaking of agues, the diseases of 
 the liver and spleen, the worms of the belly, 
 the stone in the reins, convulsions and 
 cramps that come of old humours ; it also 
 helps those jvhose seed passes from them 
 unawares : It is a remedy against the 
 bitings and stingings of venomous crea- 
 tures, being boiled in water and vinegar 
 and drank. Boiled in water and drank, it 
 provokes urine, helps the cholic, brings 
 down women's courses ; and made up into 
 a pessary with honey, and put up into the 
 body, draws forth the dead child. It is 
 much commended against the cough, to 
 expectorate rough phlegm ; It much eases 
 pains in the head, and procures sleep ; 
 being put into the nostrils it procures 
 sneezing, and thereby purges the head of 
 phlegm. The juice of the root applied to 
 the piles or haemorrhoids, gives much ease. 
 The decoction of the roots gargled in the 
 mouth, eases the tooth-ache, and helps the 
 stinking breath. Oil called Oleum Irinum, 
 if it be rightly made of the great broad 
 flag Flower-de-luce and not of the great 
 bulbous blue Flower-de-luce, (as is used by 
 some apothecaries) and roots of the same, of 
 the flaggy kinds, is very effectual to warm 
 and comfort all cold joints and sinews, as 
 also the gout and sciatica, and mollifies, 
 dissolves and consumes tumours and swell- 
 ings in any part of the body, as also of the 
 matrix ; it helps the cramp, or convulsions 
 of the sinews. The head and temples 
 anointed therewith, helps the catarrh or 
 thin rheum distilled from thence ; and used 
 upon the breast or stomach, helps to ex- 
 tenuate the cold tough phlegm ; it helps 
 
 also the pains and noise in the ears, and 
 the stench of the nostrils. The root itself, 
 either green or in powder, helps to cleanse, 
 heal, and incarnate wounds, and to cover 
 the naked bones with flesh again, that 
 ulcers have made bare ; and is also very 
 good to cleanse and heal up fistulas and 
 cankers that are hard to be cured. 
 
 FLUELLIN, OR LLUELLIN. 
 
 DescriptJ] IT shoots forth many long 
 branches partly lying upon the ground, 
 and partly standing upright, set with al- 
 most red leaves, yet a little pointed, and 
 sometimes more long than ronr>d, without 
 order thereon, somewhat hairy, and of an 
 evil greenish white colour ; at the joints all 
 along the stalks, and with the leaves come 
 forth small flowers, one at a place, upon 
 a very small short foot-stalk, gaping some- 
 what like Snap-dragons, or rather like Toad- 
 flax, with the upper jaw of a yellow colour, 
 and the lower of a purplish, with a small heel 
 or spur behind ; after which come forth 
 small round heads, containing small black 
 seed. The root is small and thready, dying 
 every year, and rise? itself again of its 
 own sowing. 
 
 There is another sort of Lluellin which 
 has longer branches wholly trailing upon 
 the ground, two or three feet long, and 
 somewhat more thin, set with leaves there- 
 on, upon small foot-stalks. The leaves are 
 a little larger, and somewhat round, and 
 cornered sometimes in some places on the 
 edges ; but the lower part of them being 
 the broadest, hath on each side a small 
 point, making it seem as if they were ears, 
 sometimes hairy, but not hoary, and of a 
 better green colour than the former. The 
 flowers come forth like the former, but the 
 colours therein are more white than yellow, 
 and the purple not so far. It is a large 
 flower, and so are the seed and seed-ves- 
 sels. The root is like the other, and 
 perishes every year. 
 
8C 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Place.~] They grow in divers corn fields, 
 and in borders about them, and in other 
 fertile grounds about Southfleet in Kent 
 abundantly ; at Buchrite, Hamerton, and 
 Rickmanworth in Huntingdonshire, and in 
 divers other places. 
 
 Tinie.~\ They are in flower about June 
 and July, and the whole plant is dry and 
 withered before August be done. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ It is a Lunar 
 herb. The leaves bruised and applied with 
 barley meal to watering eyes that are hot 
 and inflamed by defluxions from the head, 
 do very much help them, as also the fluxes 
 of blood or humours, as the lask, bloody 
 flux, women's courses, and stays all man- 
 ner of bleeding at the nose, mouth, or any 
 other place, or that comes by any bruise 
 or hurt, or bursting a vein ; it wonderfully 
 helps all those inward parts that need con- 
 solidating or strengthening, and is no less 
 effectual both to heal and close green 
 wounds, than to cleanse and heal all foul 
 or old ulcers, fretting or spreading cankers 
 or the like. This herb is of a fine cooling, 
 drying quality, and an ointment or plaister 
 of it might do a man a courtesy that hath 
 any hot virulent sores : 'Tis admirable for 
 the ulcers of the French pox ; if taken in- 
 wardly, may cure the desease. 
 
 FOX-GLOVE. 
 
 Descript.'] IT has many long and broad 
 leaves lying upon the ground dented upon 
 the edges, a little soft or woolly, and of a 
 hoary green colour, among which rise up 
 sometimes sundry stalks, but one very 
 often, bearing such leaves thereon from the 
 bottom to the middle, from whence to the 
 top it is stored with large and long hollow 
 reddish purple flowers, a little more long 
 and eminent at the lower edge, with some 
 white, spots within them, one above another 
 with small green leaves at every one, but 
 all of them turning their heads one way, 
 
 and hanging downwards, having some 
 threads also in the middle, from whence 
 rise round heads, pointed sharp at the ends, 
 wherein small brown seed lies. The roots 
 are so many small fibres, and some greater 
 strings among them ; the flowers have no 
 scent, but the leaves have a bitter hot 
 taste. 
 
 Placed] It grows on dry sandy ground 
 for the most part, and as well on the higher 
 as the lower places under hedge-sides in 
 almost every county of this land. 
 
 Time.'] It seldom flowers before July, 
 and the seed is ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The plant is 
 under the dominion of Venus, being of a 
 gentle cleansing nature, and withal very 
 friendly to nature. The herb is familiarly 
 and frequently used by the Italians to heal 
 any fresh or green wound, the leaves being 
 but bruised and bound thereon ; and the 
 juice thereof is also used in old sores, to 
 cleanse, dry, and heal them. The decoc- 
 tion hereof made up with some sugar or 
 honey, is available to cleanse and purge 
 the body both upwards and downwards, 
 sometimes of tough phlegm and clammy 
 humours, and to open obstructions of the 
 liver and spleen. It as been found by 
 experience to be available for the king's 
 evil, the herb bruised and applied, or an 
 ointment made with the juice thereof, and 
 so used; and a decoction of two handfuls 
 thereof, with four ounces of Polipody in 
 ale, has been found by late experience to . 
 cure divers of the falling sickness, that have 
 been troubled with it above twenty years. 
 I am confident that an ointment of it is 
 one of the best remedies for scabby head 
 that is. 
 
 FUMITORY. 
 
 Descript.'] OUR common Fumitory is a 
 tender sappy herb, sends forth from one 
 square, a slender weak stalk, and leaning 
 downwards on all sides, many branches 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 81 
 
 two or three feet long, with finely cut and 
 jagged leaves of a whitish or rather blueish 
 sea green colour ; At the tops of the 
 branches stand many small flowers, as it 
 were in a long spike one above another, 
 made like little birds, of a reddish purple 
 colour, whith whitish bellies, after which 
 come small round husks, containing small 
 black seeds. The root is yellow, small, and 
 not very long, full of juice while it is green, 
 but quickly perishes with the ripe seed. 
 In the corn fields in Cornwall, it bears 
 white flowers. 
 
 Place.'] It grows in corn fields almost 
 every where, as well as in gardens. 
 
 Time.~\ It flowers in May, for the most 
 part, and the seed ripens shortly after. 
 
 Government and virtues J] Saturn owns 
 the herb, and presents it to the world as a 
 cure for his own disease, and a strengthener 
 of the parts of the body he rules. If by 
 my astrological judgment of diseases, from 
 the decumbiture, you find Saturn author of 
 the disease, or if by direction from a 
 nativity you fear a saturnine disease ap- 
 proaching, you may by this herb prevent 
 it in the one, and cure it in the other, and 
 therefore it is fit you keep a syrup of it 
 always by you. The juice or syrup made 
 thereof, or the decoction made in whey by 
 itself, with some other purging or opening 
 herbs and roots to cause it to work the 
 better (itself being but weak) is very effec- 
 tual for the liver and spleen, opening the 
 obstructions thereof, and clarifying the 
 blood from saltish, choleric, and adust 
 humours, which cause leprosy, scabs, tet- 
 ters, and itches, and such like breakings- 
 out of the skin, and after the purgings doth 
 strengthen all the inwards parts. It is also 
 good against the yellow-jaundice, and 
 spends it by urine, which it procures in 
 abundance. The powder of the dried herb 
 given for some time together, cures melan- 
 choly, but the seed is strongest in opera- 
 tion for all the former diseases. The dis- 
 
 tilled water of the herb is also of good 
 effect in the former diseases, and conduces 
 much against the plague and pestilence, 
 being taken with good treacle. The dis- 
 tilled water also, with a little water and 
 honey of roses, helps all sores of the mouth 
 or throat, being gargled often therewith. 
 The juice dropped into the eyes, clears the 
 sight and takes away redness and other 
 defects in them, although it procure some 
 pain for the present, and cause tears. 
 Dioscorides saith it hinders any fresh 
 springing of hairs on the eye-lids (after they 
 are pulled away) if the eye-lids be anointed 
 with the juice hereof, with Gum Arabic 
 dissolved therein. The juice of the Fumi- 
 tory and Docks mingled with vinegar, and 
 the places gently washed therewith, cures 
 all sorts of scabs, pimples, blotches, wheals, 
 and pushes which arise on the face or 
 hands or any other parts of the body. 
 
 THE FURZE BUSH. 
 
 IT is as well known by this name, as it is 
 in some counties by the name of Gorz or 
 Whins, that I shall not need to write any 
 description thereof, my intent being to 
 teach my countrymen what they know not, 
 rather than to tell them again of that which 
 is general known before. 
 
 Placed] They are known to grow on 
 dry barren heaths, and other waste, gra- 
 velly or sandy grounds, in all counties of 
 this land. 
 
 Time.'] They also flower in the Summer 
 months. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Mars owns the 
 herb. They are hot and dry, and open 
 obstructions of the liver and spleen. A de- 
 coction made with the flowers thereof hath 
 been found effectual against the jaundice, 
 as also to provoke urine, and cleanse the 
 kidneys from gravel or stone ingendered 
 in them. Mars doth also this by sym- 
 pathy. 
 
82 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 GARL1CK. 
 
 THE offensiveness of the breath of him 
 that hath eaten Garlick, will lead you by 
 the nose to the knowledge hereof, and (in- 
 stead of a description) direct you to the 
 place where it grows in gardens, which 
 kinds are the best, and most physical. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ Mars owns 
 this herb. This was anciently accounted 
 the poor man's treacle, it being a remedy for 
 all diseases and hurts (except those which 
 itself breed.) It provokes urine, and women's 
 courses, helps the biting of mad dogs and 
 other venomous creatures, kills worms in 
 children, cuts and voids tough phlegm, 
 purges the head, helps the lethargy, is a 
 good preservative against, and a remedy 
 for any plague, sore, or foul ulcers ; takes 
 away spots and blemishes in the skin, eases 
 pains in the ears, ripens and breaks impos- 
 thumes, or other swellings. And for all 
 those diseases the onions are as effectual. 
 But the Garlick hath some more peculier 
 virtues besides the former, viz. it hath a 
 special quality to discuss inconveniences 
 coming by corrupt agues or mineral va- 
 pours ; or by drinking corrupt and stinking 
 waters ; as also by taking wolf-bane, hen- 
 bane, hemlock, or other poisonous and dan- 
 gerous herbs. It is also held good in hydro- 
 pick diseases, the jaundice, falling sickness, 
 cramps, convulsions, the piles or haemorr- 
 hoids, or other cold diseases. Many au- 
 thors quote many diseases this is good for; 
 but conceal its vices. Its heat is very ve- 
 hement, and all vehement hot things send 
 up but ill-favoured vapours to the brain. 
 In coleric men it will add fuel to the fire ; 
 in men oppressed by melancholy, it will 
 attenuate the humour, and send up strong 
 fancies, and as many strange visions to the 
 head ; therefore let it be taken inwardly 
 with great moderation ; outwardly you 
 may make more bold with it. 
 
 GENTIAN, FELWORT, OR BALDMONY. 
 
 IT is confessed that Gentian, which is 
 most used amongst us, is brought over from 
 beyond sea, yet we have two sorts of it 
 growing frequently in our nation, which, 
 besides the reasons so frequently alledged 
 why English herbs should be fittest for 
 English bodies, has been proved by the 
 experience of divers physicians, to be not 
 a wit inferior in virtue to that which comes 
 from beyond sea, therefore be pleased to 
 take the description of them as follows. 
 
 DescriptJ] The greater of the two hath 
 many small long roots thrust down fleep 
 into the ground, and abiding all the Winter. 
 The stalks are sometimes more, sometimes 
 fewer, of a brownish green colour, which 
 is sometimes two feet high, if the ground 
 be fruitful, having many long, narrow, dark 
 green leaves, set by couples up to the top ; 
 the flowers are long and hollow, of a 
 purple colour, ending in fine corners. The 
 smaller sort which is to be found in our 
 land, grows up with sundry stalks, not a 
 foot high, parted into several small branches, 
 whereon grow divers small leaves together, 
 very like those of the lesser Centaury, of a 
 whitish green colour ; on the tops of these 
 stalks grow divers perfect blue flowers, 
 standing in long husks, but not so big as 
 the other ; the root is very small, and full 
 of threads. 
 
 PlaceJ] The first grows in divers places 
 of both the East and West counties, and as 
 well in wet as in dry grounds ; as near 
 Longfield, by Gravesend, near Cobham in 
 Kent, near Lillinstone in Kent, also in a 
 chalk pit hard by a paper-mill not far from 
 Dartford in Kent. The second grows also 
 in divers places in Kent, as about South- 
 fleet, and Longfield ; upon Barton's hills 
 in Bedfordshire ; also not far from St. 
 Albans, upon a piece of waste chalky 
 ground, as you go out by Dunstable way 
 towards Gorhambury. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 83 
 
 Time.'] They flower in August. 
 
 Government andvirtues.]They are under 
 the dominion of Mars, and one of the 
 principal herbs he is ruler of. They resist 
 putrefactions, poison, and a more sure 
 remedy cannot be found to prevent the pes- 
 tilence than it is; it strengthens the stomach 
 exceedingly, helps digestion, comforts the 
 heart, and preserves it against faintings 
 and swoonings : The powder of the dry 
 roots helps the biting of mad dogs and 
 venomous beasts, open obstructions of the 
 liver, and restores an appetite for their meat 
 to such as have lost it. the herb steeped 
 in wine, and the wine drank, refreshes such 
 as be over-weary with traveling, and grow 
 lame in their joints, either by cold or evil 
 lodgings ; it helps stitches, and griping 
 pains in the sides ; is an excellent remedy 
 for such as are bruised by falls ; it provokes 
 urine and the terms exceedingly, therefore 
 let it not be given to women with child : 
 The same is very profitable for such as are 
 troubled with cramps and convulsions, to 
 drink the decoction : Also they say it breaks 
 the stone, and helps ruptures most cer- 
 tainly : it is excellent in all cold diseases, 
 and such as are troubled with tough phlegm, 
 scabs, itch, or any fretting sores and ulcers; 
 it is an admirable remedy to kill the worms, 
 by taking half a dram of the powder in a 
 morning in any convenient liquor; the same 
 is excellently good to be taken inwardly 
 for the king's evil. It helps agues of all 
 sorts, and the yellow jaundice, as also the 
 bots in cattle ; when kine are bitten on the 
 udder by any venomous beast, do but 
 stroke the place with the decoction of any 
 of these, and it will instantly heal them. 
 
 CLOVE GILLIFLOWERS. 
 
 It is vain to describe an herb so well 
 known. 
 
 Government and virtues.] They are gal- 
 lant, fine, temperate flowers, of the nature 
 and under the dominion of Jupiter; yea, so I 
 
 temperate, that no excess, neither in heat, 
 cold, dryness, nor moisture, can be per- 
 ceived in them; they are great strengtheners 
 both of the brain and heart, and will there- 
 fore serve either for cordials or cephalics, 
 as your occasion will serve. There is both 
 a syrup and a conserve made of them alone, 
 commonly to be had at every apothecary's. 
 To take now and then a little of either, 
 strengthens nature much, in such as are in 
 consumptions. They are also excellently 
 good in hot pestilent fevers, and expel 
 poison. 
 
 GERMANDER. 
 
 DescriptJ] COMMON Germander shoots 
 forth sundry stalks, with small and some- 
 what round leaves, dented about the edges. 
 The flowers stand at the tops of a deep 
 purple colour. The root is composed of 
 divers sprigs, which shoots forth a great 
 way round about, quickly overspreading 
 a garden. 
 
 Place.'] It grows usually with us in 
 gardens. 
 
 Time.] And flowers in June and July. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is a most 
 prevalent herb of Mercury, and strengthens 
 the brain and apprehension exceedingly 
 when weak, and relieves them when droop- 
 ing. This taken with honey (saith Diosco- 
 rides) is a remedy for coughs, hardness of 
 the spleen and difficulty of urine, and 
 helps those that are fallen into a dropsy, 
 especially at the beginning of the disease, 
 a decoction being made thereof when it is 
 green, and drank. It also brings down 
 women's courses, and expels the" dead 
 child. It is most effectual against the poi- 
 son of all serpents, being drank in wine, 
 and the bruised herb outwardly applied ; 
 used with honey, it cleanses old and foul 
 ulcers ; and made into an oil, and the eyes 
 anointed therewith, takes away the dim- 
 ness and moistness. It is likewise good for 
 the pains in the sides and cramps. The 
 
84 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 decoction thereof taken for four days 
 together, drives away and cures both ter- 
 tain and quartan agues. It is also good 
 against all diseases of the brain, as con- 
 tinual head-ache, falling-sickness, melan- 
 choly, drowsiness and dullness of the spirits, 
 convulsions and palsies. A dram of the 
 seed taken in powder purges by urine, and 
 is good against the yellow jaundice. The 
 juice of the leaves dropped into the ears 
 kills the worms in them. The tops thereof, 
 when they are in flowers, steeped twenty- 
 four hours in a draught of white wine, and 
 drank, kills the worms in the belly. 
 
 STINKING GLADWIN. 
 
 Descript.~\ THIS is one of the kinds of 
 Flower-de-luce, having divers leaves arising 
 from the roots, very like a Flower-de-luce, 
 but that they are sharp-edged on both sides, 
 and thicker in the middle, of a deeper green 
 colour narrower and sharper pointed, and 
 a strong ill-scent, if they be bruised be- 
 tween the fingers. In the middle rises up 
 a reasonably strong stalk, a yard high at 
 least, bearing three or four flowers at the 
 top, made somewhat like the flowers of the 
 Flower-de-luce, with three upright leaves, 
 of a dead purplish ash-colour, with some 
 veins discoloured in them ; the other three 
 do not fall down, nor are the three other 
 small ones so arched, nor cover the lower 
 leaves as the Flower-de-luce doth, but stand 
 loose or asunder from them. After they 
 are past, there come up three square hard 
 husks, opening wide into three parts when 
 they are ripe, wherein lie reddish seed, 
 turns black when it hath abiden long. The 
 root is like that of the Flower-de-luce, but 
 reddish on the outside, and whitish within, 
 very sharp and hot in the taste, of as evil 
 a scent as the leaves. 
 
 Place.] This grows as well in upland 
 grounds, as in moist places, woods, and 
 shadowy places by the sea-side in many 
 
 places of this land, and is usually nursed 
 up in gardens. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers not until July, and 
 the seed is ripe in August or September, 
 yet the husks after they are ripe, opening 
 themselves, will hold their seed with them 
 for two or three months, and not shed them. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is supposed 
 to be under the dominion of Saturn. It is 
 used by many country people to purge 
 corrupt phlegm and choler, which they do 
 by drinking the decoction of the roots; 
 and some to make it more gentle, do but 
 infuse the sliced roots in ale ; and some 
 take the leaves, which serve well for the 
 weaker stomach : The juice hereof put up, 
 or snuffed up the nose, causes sneezing, 
 and draws from the head much corruption ; 
 and the powder thereof doth the same. 
 The powder thereof drank in wine, helps 
 those that are troubled with the cramps and 
 convulsions, or with the gout and sciatica, 
 and gives ease to those that have griping 
 pains in their body and belly, and helps 
 those that have the stranguary. It is given 
 with much profit to those that have had 
 long fluxes by the sharp and evil quality of 
 humours, which it stays, having first cleansed 
 and purged them by the drying and bind- 
 ing property therein. The root boiled in 
 wine and drank, doth effectually procure 
 women's courses, and used as a pessary, 
 works the same effect, but causes abortion 
 in women with child. Half a dram of the 
 seed beaten to powder, and taken in wine, 
 doth speedily cause one to make water 
 abundantly. The same taken with vine- 
 gar, dissolves the hardness and swellings 
 of the spleen. The root is very effectual 
 in all wounds, especially of the head ; as 
 also to draw forth any splinters, thorns, or 
 broken bones, or any other thing sticking 
 in the flesh, without causing pains, being 
 used with a little verdigrease and honey, 
 and the great Centaury root. The same 
 boiled in vinegar, and laid upon an eruption 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 85 
 
 or swelling, doth very effectually dissolve 
 and consume them ; yea, even the swell- 
 ings of the throat called the king's evil ; 
 the juice of the leaves or roots heals the 
 itch, and all running or spreading scabs, 
 sores, blemishes, or scars in the skin, 
 wheresoever they be. 
 
 GOLDEN ROD. 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS rises up with brownish 
 small round stalks, two feet high, and 
 sometimes more, having thereon many 
 narrow and long dark green leaves, very 
 seldom with any dents about the edges, or 
 any stalks or white spots therein, yet they 
 are sometimes so found divided at the tops 
 into many small branches, with divers 
 small yellow flowers on every one of them, 
 all which are turned one way, and being 
 ripe, do turn into down, and are carried 
 away by the wind. The root consists of 
 many small fibres, which grows not deep 
 in the ground, but abides all the winter 
 therein, shooting forth new branches every 
 year, the old one lying down to the ground. 
 Place.~\ It grows in the open places of 
 woods and copses, an both moist and dry 
 grounds, in many places of this land. 
 
 Time.~\ It flowers about the month of 
 July. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Venus claims 
 the herb, and therefore to be sure it res- 
 pects beauty lost. Arnoldus de Villa Nova 
 commends it much against the stone in the 
 reins and kidneys, and to provoke urine in 
 abundance, whereby also the gravel and 
 stone may be voided. The decoction of 
 the herb, green or dry, or the distilled 
 water thereof, is very effectual for inward 
 bruises, as also to be outwardly applied, it 
 stays bleeding in any part of the body, and 
 of wounds ; also the fluxes of. humours, 
 the bloody-flux, and women's courses ; and 
 is no less prevalent in all ruptures or burst- 
 ings, being drank inwardly, and outwardly 
 applied. It is a sovereign wound herb, 
 
 inferior to none, both for the inward and 
 outward hurts ; green wounds, old sores 
 and ulcers, are quickly cured therewith. 
 It also is of especial use in all lotions for 
 sores or ulcers in the mouth, throat, or privy 
 parts of man or woman. The decoction 
 also helps to fasten the teeth that are loose 
 in the gums, 
 
 GOUT-WORT, OR HERB GERRARD. 
 
 Descript.] IT is a low herb, seldom rising 
 half a yard high, having sundry leaves 
 standing on brownish green stalks by three, 
 snipped about, and of a strong unpleasant 
 savour : The umbels of the flowers are 
 white, and the seed blackish, the root runs 
 in the ground, quickly taking a great deal 
 of room. 
 
 Place.'] It grows by hedge and wall- 
 sides, and often in the border and corner ol 
 fields, and in gardens also. 
 
 Time.] It flowers and seeds about the 
 end of July. 
 
 Government and virtues."} Saturn rule it. 
 Neither is it to be supposed Gout- wort hath 
 its name for nothing but upon experiment 
 to heal the gout and sciatica ; as also joint- 
 aches, and other cold griefs. The very 
 bearing of it about one eases the pains of 
 the gout, and defends him that bears it 
 from the disease. 
 
 GROMEL. 
 
 OF this I shall briefly describe their 
 kinds, which are principally used in physic, 
 the virtues whereof are alike, though some- 
 what different in their manner and form of 
 growing. 
 
 Descript.~] The greater Gromel grows up 
 with slender hard and hairy stalks, trailing 
 and taking root in the ground, as it lies 
 thereon, and parted into many other small 
 branches with hairy dark green leaves there- 
 on. At the joints, with the leaves, come 
 forth very small blue flowers, and after them 
 hard stony roundish seed. The root is long 
 
86 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and woody, abiding the Winter, and shoots 
 forth fresh stalks in the spring. 
 
 The smaller wild Gromel sends forth 
 divers upright hard branched stalks, two or 
 three feet high full of joints, at every one of 
 which grow small, long, hard, and rough 
 leaves like the former, but less ; among 
 which leaves come forth small white flowers, 
 and after them greyish round seed like the 
 former ; the root is not very big, but with 
 many strings thereat. 
 
 The garden Gromel as divers upright, 
 slender, woody, hairy stalks, blown and 
 cressed very little branched, with leaves 
 like the former, and white flowers ; after 
 which, in rough brown husks, is contained 
 a white, hard, round seed, shining like 
 pearls, and greater than either the former ; 
 the root is like the first described, with 
 divers branches and sprigs thereat, which 
 continues (as the first doth) all the Winter. 
 
 Place .] The two first grow wild in barren 
 or untilled places, and by the way side 
 in many places of this land. The last is 
 a nursling in the gardens of the curious. 
 
 Time.'] They all flower from Midsummer 
 until September sometimes, and in the 
 mean time the seed ripens. 
 
 Government and virtues.^ The herb be- 
 longs to Dame Venus ; and therefore if 
 Mars cause the cholic or stone, as usually he 
 doth, if in Virgo, this is your cure. These 
 are accounted to be of as singular force as 
 any herb or seed whatsoever, to break the 
 stone and to void it, and the gravel either 
 in the reins or bladder, as also to provoke 
 urine beingstopped, and to help stranguary. 
 The seed is of greatest use, being bruised 
 and boiled in white wine or in broth, or the 
 like, or the powder of the seed taken there- 
 in. Two drams of the seed in powder 
 taken with women's breast milk, is very 
 effectual to procure a very speedy delivery 
 to such women as have sore pains in their 
 travail, and cannot be delivered : The herb 
 itself, (when the seed is not to be had) either 
 
 boiled, or the juice thereof drank, is effec- 
 tual to all the purposes aforesaid, but not so 
 powerful or speedy in operation. 
 
 GOOSEBERRY BUSH. 
 
 CALLED also Feapberry, and in Sussex 
 Dewberry-Bush, and in some Counties 
 Wineberry. 
 
 Government and virtues J] They are under 
 the dominion of Venus. The berries, while 
 they are unripe, being scalded or baked, 
 are good to stir up a fainting or decayed 
 appetite, especially such whose stomachs 
 are afflicted by choleric humours : They are 
 excellently good to stay longings of women 
 with child. You may keep them pre- 
 served with sugar all the year long. The 
 decoction of the leaves of the tree cools 
 hot Dwellings and inflammations ; as algo 
 St. Anthony's fire. The ripe Gooseberries 
 being eaten, are an excellent remedy to 
 allay the -violent heat both of the stomach 
 and liver. The young and tender leaves 
 break the stone, and expel gravel both from 
 the kidneys and bladder. All the evil they 
 do to the body of man is, they are sup- 
 posed to breed crudities, and by crudities, 
 worms. 
 
 WINTER-GREEN. 
 
 Descript.] THIS sends forth seven, eight, 
 or nine leaves from a small brown creeping 
 root, every one standing upon a long foot 
 stalk, which are almost as broad as long, 
 round pointed, of a sad green colour, and 
 hard in handling, and like the leaf of a 
 Pear-tree ; from whence arises a slender 
 weak stalk, yet standing upright, bearing 
 at the top many small white sweet-smelling 
 flowers, laid open like a star, consisting of 
 five round pointedleaves,with many yellow 
 threads standing in the middle about a green 
 head, and a long stalk with them, which in 
 time grows to be the seed-vessel, which 
 being ripe is found five square, with a small 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 87 
 
 point at it, wherein is contained seed as jit may be seen many months in the year 
 small as dust. j both green and in flower, and seed ; for it 
 
 Placed] It grows seldom in fields, but j will spring and seed twice in a year at 
 frequent in the woods northwards, viz. in | least, if it be suffered in a garden. 
 Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Scotland. j Place.] They grow almost every where, 
 
 Time.'] It flowers about June and July. 1 as well on tops of walls, as at the foo{ 
 Government and virtues.'] Winter-green | amongst rubbish and untilled grounds, bul 
 is under the dominion of Saturn, and is a -especially in gardens. 
 singularly good wound herb, and an espe- j Time.'] It flowers, as was said before, al- 
 cial remedy for healing green wounds j most every month throughout the year. 
 speedily, the green leaves being bruised and Government and virtues.'] This hero is 
 applied, or the juice of them. A salve ! Venus's mistress-piece, and is as gallant 
 made of the green herb stamped, or the j and universal a medicine for all diseases 
 juice boiled with hog's lard, or with salad | coming of heat, in what part of the body 
 oil and wax, and sonic turpentine added j soever they be, as the sun shines upon; it is 
 to it, is a sovereign salve, and highly ex- { very safe and friendly to the body of man : 
 tolled by the Germans, who use it to heal jyet causes vomiting if the stomach be af- 
 all manner of wounds and sores. The herb ; rlicted ; if not, purging : and it doth it with 
 boiled in wine and water, and given to I more gentleness than can be expected; it is 
 drink to them that have any inward ulcers j moist, and something cold withal, thereby 
 in their kidneys, or neck of the bladder, | causing expulsion, and repressing the heat 
 doth wonderfully help them. It stays all j caused by the motion of the internal parts 
 fluxes, as the lask, bloody fluxes, women's > in 4 purges and vomits. Lay by our learned 
 courses, and bleeding of wounds, and takes ; receipts ; take so much Sena, so much 
 away any inflammations rising upon pains 1 Scammony, so much Colocynthis, so much 
 of the heart; it is no less helpful for foul i infusion of Crocus Metallorum, c. this 
 ulcers hard to be cured; as also for cankers j herb alone preserved in a syrup, in a dis- 
 or fistulas. The distilled water of the herb tilled water, or in an ointment, shall do 
 effectually performs the same things. i the deed for you in all hot diseases, and, 
 
 GROUNDSEL \ ^'^ d '*' *' ^^ ' ^ S P eediI .V' 
 
 The decoction of this herb (saith Diosco- 
 
 Descript.~\ OUR common Groundsel has rides) made with Avine, and drank, helps 
 a round green and somewhat brownish | the pains of the stomach, proceeding of 
 stalk, spreading toward the top into branches, jcholer, (which it may well do by a vomit) 
 set with long and somewhat nan ow green : as daily experience shews. The juice there- 
 leaves, cut in on the edges, somewhat like! of taken in dr.ink, or the decoction of it in 
 the oak-leaves, but less, and round at the } ale, gently performs the same. It is good 
 nul. At the tops of the branches stand j against the jaundice and falling sickness, 
 many small green heads, out of which grow ! being taken in wine; as also against dif- 
 K'veral small, yellow threads or thumbs, i ficulty of making water. It provokes 
 which are the flowers, and continue many i urine, expels gravel in the reins or kidneys; 
 days blown in that manner, before it pass* a dram thereof given in oxymel, after some 
 away into down, and with the seed is j walking or stirring of the body. It helps 
 carried away in the wind. The root is small j also the sciatica, griping of the belly, the 
 and thready, and soon perishes, and as ! cholic, defects of the liver, and provokes 
 toon rises again of its own sowing, so that 'women's courses. The fresh herb boiled 
 
 A A 
 
8 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and made into a poultice, applied to the ! and a gallant remedy for the inflammation 
 
 breasts of women that are swollen with pain ! of the lungs and breasts, pleurisy, scabs, 
 
 and heal, as also the privy parts of man or I itch, &c. It is under the celestial sign 
 
 woman, the seat or fundament, or the ar-| Cancer. 
 
 teries, joints, and sinews, when they are i 
 
 inflamed and swollen, doth much ease them; j ARTICHOKES. 
 
 and used with some salt, helps to dissolve I , 
 
 knots or kernels in any part of the body.! J HE Latin , s cal1 them Ci era, only our 
 
 The juice of the herb, or as (Dioscorides j co " e e calls them Artichocus. 
 
 saith) the leaves and flowers, with some fine { Gwermaent and virtues.'] They are under 
 
 Frankincense in powder, used in wounds ofi the domuuon of Venus, and therefore it is 
 
 the body, nerves or sinews, doth singulaily | no marvel the J provoke lust, as indeed 
 
 help to heal them. The distilled water of ! the / do, being somewhat windy meat; 
 
 the herb performs well all the aforesaid I and ? el the J sta y the involuntary course of 
 
 cures, but especially for inflammations or J natural seed m man, which is commonly 
 
 the eyes, by reason of the de- ! called nocturnal pollutions. And here I 
 eum unto them. \ care not g rea "J ^ I quote a little of Galen's 
 
 watering of 
 
 fluxion of rheum unto them. I care n l g rea HJ ir 1 H uote a lltlle 0| ^ a 'en's 
 
 , nonsense in his treatise of the faculties of 
 
 HEART S-EASE. 
 
 nourishment. He saith, they contain plenty 
 
 i : i . i / i i i . * 
 
 as 
 
 without danger or Having tneir tongues i ,-.- . 
 
 burned through with an hot iron, called an 1 melancholy juice thin choleric blood. But, 
 herb of the Trinity. It is also called by ! to P>w*lr! this is certain, that the clecoo- 
 those that are more moderate, Three Faces!? 011 of the root boiled in wine, or the root 
 in a Hood, Live in Idleness, Cull me to bruised and distilled in wine in an alembic, 
 you; and in Sussex we call them Fancies. and Dein S drank ' P ur es b ? unne ex ceed- 
 
 P/ace.] Besides those which are brought j in S l y- 
 
 up in gardens, they grow commonly wild! HART'S-TONGUE. 
 
 in the fields, especially in such as are very j 
 
 barren: sometimes you may find it on the j Descript.'] THIS has divers leaves arising 
 tops of the high hills. | from the root, everyone severally, which 
 
 Time.'] They flower all the Spring and 
 Summer long. 
 
 Government and virtues.] The herb is 
 
 fold themselves in their first springing and 
 spreading : when they are full grown, are 
 about a foot long, smooth and green above, 
 
 eally saturnine, something cold, viscous, j but hard and with little sap in them, and 
 and slimy A strong decoction of the herbs 1 streaked on the back, athwart on both sides 
 and flowers (if you will, you may make itjof the middle rib, with small and some- 
 intosyrup) is an excellentcure for the French i what long and brownish marks; the bot- 
 pox, the herb being a gallant antivenereal : | toms of the leaves are a little bowed on 
 and what antivenereals are the best cure for i each side of the middle rib, somewhat 
 that disease, far better and safer than to! small at the end. The root is of many 
 .orment them with the flux, divers foreign! black threads, folded or interlaced together 
 physicians have confessed. The spirit of; Time.'] It is girrn all the Winter; but 
 't is excellently good for the convulsions in I new leaves spring every year, 
 thildren, as also for the falling sickness,! Government and virtues."] Jupiter claims 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. O> 
 
 dominion over this herb, therefore it is a j was the father of slander ; Or are men's 
 singular remedy for the liver, both to j tongues so given to slander one another, 
 strengthen *!; when weak, and ease it when 5 that they must slander Nuts too, to keep 
 afflicted, you shall do well to keep it in a! their tongues in use? If any part of the 
 syrup all the year; For though authors say I Hazel Nut be stopping, it is the husks and 
 it is green all the year, I scarcely believe it. | shells, and no one is so mad as to eat them 
 Hart's Tongue is much commended against j unless physically ; and the red skin which 
 the hardness and stoppings of the spleen j covers the kernel, you may easily pull off 
 and liver, and against the heat of the liver j Anil so thus have I made an apology for 
 and stomach, and against lasks, and the j Nuts, which cannot speak for themselves, 
 bloody-flux. The distilled water thereof is 
 also very good against the passions of the 
 
 heart, and to stay the hiccough, to help 
 
 THERE are several sorts of Hawk -weed, 
 
 the falling of the palate, and to stay the \ but they are similar in virtues. 
 
 bleeding of the gums, being gargled in the 
 mouth. Dioscorides saith, it is good against 
 
 Descript.~\ It has many large leaves 
 lying upon the ground, much rent or torn 
 
 the stinging or biting of serpents. As Tor on the sides into gashes like Dandelion, 
 the use of it, my direction at the latter end j but with greater parts, more like the 
 will be sufficient, and enough for those that | smooth Sow Thistle, from among which 
 are studious in physic, to whet their brains rises a hollow, rough stalk, two or three 
 upon for one year or two. j feet high, branched from the middle up- 
 
 $ ward, Avhereo-n are set at every joint longer 
 
 TT A 7 T* T XTTT T * O 
 
 | leaves, little or nothing rent or cut, bearing 
 
 HAZEL Nuts are so well known to every ton them sundry pale, yellow flowers, con- 
 body, that they need no description. j sisting of many small, narrow leaves, broad 
 Government and virtues^ They are under | pointed, and nicked in at the ends, set 
 the dominion of Mercury. The parted j in a double row or more, the outermost 
 kernels made into an electuary, or the milk j being larger than the inner, which form 
 drawn from the kernels with mead or > most of the Hawk-weeds (for there are 
 honeyed water, is very good to help an old ; many kinds of them) do hold, which turn 
 cough; and being parched, and a little j into down, and with the small brown- 
 
 pepper put to them and drank, digests the; 
 distillations of rheum from the head. The 
 
 ish seed is blown away with the wind. The 
 root is long and somewhat great, with 
 
 dried husks and shells, to the weight of two j many small fibres thereat. The whole plan* 
 drams, taken in red wine, stays lasks and > is full of bitter-milk. 
 
 women's courses, and so doth the red skin j Placed] It grows in divers places about 
 that covers the kernels, which is more ef- the field sides, and the path-ways in dry 
 
 fectual to stay women's courses. 
 
 And if this be true, as it is, then why 
 
 grounds. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers and flies away in thft 
 
 * 7 j j 
 
 should the vulgar so familiarly affirm, that \ Summer months. 
 
 eating nuts causes shortness of breath, than j Government and virtues.^ Saturn owns 
 
 which nothing is falser? For, how can that jit. Hawk-weed (saith Dioscorides) is cool- 
 
 which strengthens the lungs, cause shortness 
 of breath ? I confess, the opinion is far 
 oJder than I am ; I knew tradition was a 
 friend to error before, but never that he 
 
 ing, somewhat drying and binding, and 
 therefore good for the heat of the stomach, 
 and gnawings therein ; for inflammations 
 and the hot fits of agues. The juice thereof 
 
90 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 in wine, helps digestion, discusses wind,! day, it rather shews the superstition of 
 hinders crudities abiding in the stomach, I those that observe it for the time of its 
 and helps the difficulty of making water, j flowering, than any great wonder, since 
 
 the biting of venomous serpents, and sting- 
 ing of the scorpion, if the herb be also 
 outwardly applied to the place, and is very 
 good against all other poisons. A scruple 
 of the dried root given in wine and vine- 
 
 the like may be found in divers other place* 
 of this land ; as in Whey-street in Roinney 
 Marsh, and near unto Nantwich in Che- 
 shire, by a place called White Green, whore 
 it flowers about Christmas and May. It 
 
 gar, is profitable for those that have the \ the weather be frosty, it flowers not until 
 dropsy. The decoction of the herb taken ! January, or that the hard weather be over, 
 in honey, digests the phlegm in the chest : Government and virtues.'] It is a tree o 
 or lungs, and with Hyssop helps the cough, j Mars. The seeds in the berries beaten to 
 The decoction thereof, and of wild Sue- j powder being drank in -wine, are held sin- 
 cory, made with wine, and taken, helps the \ gularly good against the stone, and are good 
 wind cholic and hardness of the spleen ; it | for the dropsy. The distilled water of the 
 procures rest and sleep, hinders venery j flowers stay the lask. The seed cleared 
 and venerous dreams, cooling heats, purges! from the down, bruised and boiled in wine, 
 
 the stomach, increases blood, and helps 
 the diseases of the icins and bladder. Out- 
 wardly applied, it is singularly good for 
 
 and drank, is good for inward tormenting 
 pains. If cloths or sponges be wet in the 
 distilled water, and applied to any place 
 
 all the defects and diseases of the eyes, used wherein thorns and splinters, or the like, 
 with some women's milk; and used with! do abide in the flesh, it will notably draw 
 good success in fretting or creeping ulcers, j them forth. 
 
 especially in the beginning. The green 1 And thus you see the thorn gives a medi- 
 leaves druised, and with a little salt ap- ! cine for its own pricking, and so doth 
 plied to any place burnt with fire, before j almost every thing else, 
 blisters do rise, helps them ; as also in- j 
 
 flammat ons, St. Anthony's fire, and alii HEMLOCK. 
 
 pushes and eruptions, hot and salt phlegm, j 
 
 The same applied with meal and fair water* Descript.~\ THE common great Hemlock 
 in manner of a poultice, to any place af- 1 grows up with a green stalk, four or five 
 fected with convulsions, the cramp, and j feet high, or more, full of red spots son iv- 
 such as are out af joint, doth give help and | times, and at the joints very large winged 
 ease. The distilled water cleanses the skin, Heaves set at them, which are divided into 
 and takes away freckles, spots, morphew, : many other winged leaves, one set against 
 or wrinkles in the face. jthe other, dented about the edges, of a sad 
 
 \ green colour, branched towards the top, 
 j where it is full of umbels of while flowers, 
 
 IT is not my intention to trouble you t and afterwards with whitish flat seed : The 
 with a description of this tree, which is so j root is long, white, and sometimes crooked, 
 well known that it needs none. It is ordi- jand hollow within. The whole plant, ami 
 ndrily but a hedge bush, although being j every part, has a strong, heady, and ill- 
 pruned and dressed, it grows to a tree of | savoured scent, much offending the senses 
 a reasonable height. Place.'] It grows in all counties of this 
 
 As for the Hawthorn Tree at Glastonbury, j land, by walls and hedge-sides, in wast 
 which is said to flower yearly on Christmas- 'grounds and unfilled places. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. til 
 
 Time.'] It flowers and seeds in July, or< HEMP 
 
 thereabouts. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Saturn claims? Tins is so well known to every good 
 dominion over this herb, yet I wonder why \ housewife in the country, that I shall not 
 : t may not be applied to the privities in a | need to write any description of it. 
 Priapism, or continual standing of the yard, \ Time.] It is sown in the very end 01 
 t being very beneficial to that disease ; I ; March, or beginning of April, and is ripe 
 /suppose, my author's judgment was first : in August or September, 
 upon the opposite disposition of Saturn to j Government and virtuesJ] It is a plant of 
 Venus in those faculties, and therefore he | Saturn, and good for something else, you 
 forbade the applying of it to those parts, I see, than to make halters only. The seed 
 that it might not cause barrenness, or spoil \ of Hemp consumes wind, and by too much 
 the spirit procreative ; which if it do, yet j use thereof disperses it so much that it 
 applied to the privities, it stops its lustful j dries up the natural seed for procreation; 
 thoughts. Hemlock is exceedingly cold, j yet, being boiled in milk and taken, helps 
 and very dangerous, especially to be taken j such as have a hot dry cough. The Dutch 
 inwardly. It may safely be applied to in- \ make an emulsion out of the seed, and give 
 {laminations, tumours, and swellings in any \ it with good success to those that have the 
 part of the body (save the privy parts) as j jaundice, especially in the beginning of the 
 also to St. Anthony's fire, wheals, pushes, j disease, if there be no ague accompanying 
 and creeping ulcers that arise of hot sharp j it, for it opens obstructions of the gall, and 
 humours, by cooling and repelling the heat; | causes digestion of choler. The emulsion 
 the leaves bruised and laid to the brow or j or decoction of the seed stays lasks and 
 forehead aie good for their eyes that are red j continual fluxes, eases the cholic, and allays 
 and swollen ; as also to take away a pin | the troublesome humours in the bowels, 
 and web growing in the eye ; this is a tried \ and stays bleeding at the mouth, nose, or 
 
 other places, some of the leaves being fried 
 
 medicine: Take a small handful of this 
 herb, and half so much bay salt, beaten 
 together, and applied to the contrary wrist 
 
 with the blood of them that bleed, and so 
 given them to eat. It is held very good to 
 
 of the hand, for 24 hours, doth remove it | kill the worms in men or beasts ; and the 
 in thrice dressing. If the root thereof be j juice dropped into the ears kills worms in 
 roasted under the embers, wrapped in dou- j them ; and draws forth earwigs, or other 
 ble wet paper, until it be soft and tender, { living creatures gotten into them. The de- 
 and then applied to the gout in the hands 5 coction of the root allays inflammations of 
 or fingers, it will quickly help this evil, the head, or any other parts : the herb it- 
 
 If any through mistake eat the herb Hem- 
 lock instead of Parsley, or the roots in- 
 
 self, or the distilled water thereof doth the 
 like. The decoction of the root eases the 
 
 stead of a Parsnip (both of which it is very | pains of the gout, the hard humours of 
 like) whereby happens a kind of frenzy, or | knots in the joints, the pains and shrinking 
 perturbation of the senses, as if they were \ of the sinews, and the pains of the hips 
 stupid and drunk, the remedy is (as Pliny t The fresh juice mixed with a' little oil and 
 saith) to drink of the best and strongest ] butter, is good for any place that hath been 
 pure wine, before it strikes to the heart, or | burnt with fire, being thereto applied 
 Gentian put in wine, or a draught of vine- 1 
 gar, wherewith Tragus doth affirm, that he} 
 cured a woman that had eaten the root. Descnpt.~] OUR, common Henbane ha) 
 
 B B 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 veiy large, thick, soft, woolly leaves, lying 'found without it growing by it. Ergo, it 
 on the ground, much cut in, or torn on the I is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Hen- 
 edges, of a dark, ill greyish green colour ; r bane do cool all hot inflammations in ih 
 among which arise up divers thick and \ eyes, or any other part of the body ; and 
 short stalks, two or three feet high, spread j are good to assuage all manner of swellings 
 into divers small branches, with lesser leaves* of the privities, or women's breast, orelse- 
 on them, and many hollow flowers, scarce \ where, if they be boiled in wine, and either 
 appearing above the husk, and usually torn | applied themselves, or the fomentation 
 on one side, ending in five round points, j warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, 
 growing one above another, of a deadish the sciatica, and other pains in the joints 
 yellowish colour, somewhat paler towards \ which arise from a hot cause. And applied 
 the edges, with many purplish veins | with vinegar to the forehead and temples, 
 therein, and of a dark, yellowish purple! helps the head-ache and want of sleep in 
 in the bottom of the flower, with a small \ hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, 
 point of the same colour in the middle, * or the oil drawn from the seed, does the 
 each of them standing in a hard close husk, Hike. The oil of the seed is helpful for 
 which after the flowers are past, grow very \ deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, 
 like the husk of Asarabacca, and some- 1 being dropped therein; the juice of the 
 what sharp at the top points, wherein is j herb or root doth the same. The decoction 
 contained much small see"d, very like Poppy {of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in 
 seed, but of a dusky, greyish colour. The \ man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, 
 root is great, white, and thick, branching! stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals 
 forth divers ways under ground, so like a I swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands 
 Parsnip root (but that it is not so white) j or feet, by holding them in the fume therc- 
 that it has deceived others. The whole plant * of. The remedy to help those that have 
 more than the root, has a very heavy, ill, j taken Henbane is to drink goat's milk, 
 soporiferous smell, somewhat offensive. j honeyed water, or pine kernels, with^swect 
 
 Place.'] It commonly grows by the way- j wine ; or, in the absence of these, Fennel 
 sides, and under hedge-sides and walls. 5 seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in July, and springs j Mustard, or Radish ; as also Onions or 
 again yearly of its own seed. I doubt my Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free 
 authors mistook July for June, if not for * them from danger, and restore them to their 
 May. due temper again. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] I wonder how j Take notice, that this herb must never 
 astrologers could lake on them to make this ; be taken inwardly ; outwardly, an oil oint- 
 an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a j meat, or plaistcr of it, is most admirable 
 man of a penetrating brain, was of that; for the gout, to cool the vcneral heat of the 
 opinion as well as the rest ; the herb is in- j reins in the French pox ; to stop the tooth- 
 deed under the dominion of Saturn, and; ache, being applied to the aching side: to 
 I prove it by this argument: All the herbs j allay all inflammations, and to help the 
 which delight most to grow in saturnine diseases before premised, 
 places, are saturnine herbs. Both Hen- j HEDGE HYSSOP 
 
 bane delights most to grow in saturnine | 
 
 places, and whole cart loads of it may bet DIVERRS sorts there are of this plant ; 
 found near the places where they empty the j the first of which is an Italian by birth, and 
 common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be j only nursed up here in the gardens of the 
 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 93 
 
 curious. Two or three sorts are found com- 1 Bears-foot, Christmas-herb, and Chnstmas- 
 
 monly growing wild here, the description | flowers. 
 
 of two of which I shall give you. Descript.] It hath sundry fair green 
 
 Descript.'] The first is a smooth, low \ leaves rising from the root, each of them 
 plant, not a foot high, very bitter in taste, \ standing about an handful high from the 
 with many square stalks, diversly branched \ earth; each leaf is divided into seven, eight, 
 from the bottom to the top, with divers * or nine parts, dented from the middle of 
 joints, and two small leaves at each joint, j the leaf to the point on both sides, abiding 
 broader at the bottom than they are at the I green all the Winter; about Christmas- 
 end, a little dented about the edges, of a; time, if the weather be any thing temperate, 
 sad green colour, and full of veins. The I the flowers appear upon foot stalks, also 
 flowers stand at the joints, being of a fair : consisting of five large, round, white leaves 
 purple colour, with some white spots in |a-piece, which sometimes are purple towards 
 them, in fashion like those of dead nettles, i the edges, with many pale yellow thumbs 
 The seed is small and yellow, and the roots! in the middle; the seeds are divided into 
 spread much under ground. \ several cells, like those of Columbines. 
 
 The second seldom grows half a foot* save only that they are greater; the seeds 
 high, sending up many small branches, are in colour black, and in form long and 
 whereon grow many small leaves, set one | round. The root consists of numberless 
 against the other, somewhat broad, but \ blackish strings all united into one head. 
 very short. The flowers are like the flowers I There is another Black Hellebore, which 
 of the other fashion, but of a pale reddish I grows up and down in the woods very like 
 colour. The seeds are small and yellowish. ? this, but only that the leaves are smaller 
 The root spreads like the other, neither will \ and narrower, and perish in the Winter, 
 it yield to its fellow one ace of bitterness. \ which this doth not. 
 
 Place.~\ They grow- in wet low grounds, | Place.'] The first is maintained in gar- 
 and by the water-sides; the last may be j dens. The second is commonly found in 
 found among the bogs on Hampstead Heath. \ the woods in Northamptonshire. 
 
 Time.'] They flower in June or July, i Time.'] The first flowers in December 
 and the seed is ripe presently after. \ or January ; the second in February or 
 
 Government and virtues.'] They are herbs 1 March. 
 
 of Mars, and as choleric and churlish as \ Government and virtues.'] It is an herb ot 
 he is, being most violent purges, especially j Saturn, and therefore no marvel if it has 
 of choler and phlegm. It is not safe taking | some sullen conditions with it, and would 
 them inwardly, unless they -be well rectified | be far safer, being purified by the art of the 
 by the art of the alchymist, and only the j alchymist than given raw. If any have 
 purity of them given; so used they may be {taken any harm by taking it, the common 
 very helpful both for the dropsy, gout, I cure is to take goat's milk : If you cannot 
 and sciatica ; outwardly used in ointments > get goat's milk, you must make a shift with 
 
 they kill worms, the belly anointed with it, 
 and are excellently good to cleanse old and 
 filthy ulcers 
 
 such as you can get. The roots are very 
 effectual against all melancholy diseases, 
 especially such as are of long standing, as 
 ! quartan agues and madness; it helps the 
 
 BLACK HELLEBORE. \ falling sickness, the leprosy, both the. yel- 
 
 i low and black jaundice, the gout, sciatica, 
 IT is also called Setter-wort, Setter-grass, ( and convulsions ; and this was found out 
 
d4 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 by experience, that the root of that which (stay blood, where or howsoever flowing , it 
 grows wild in our country, works not so \ speedily heals all green wounds, and is 
 churlishly as those do which are brought j effectual in old ulcers in the privy parts, or 
 from beyond sea, as being maintained by j elsewhere. You may persuade yourself 
 temperate air. The root used as this is true, and also conceive a good reason 
 
 for it, do but consider it is an herb of 
 Venus, for all it hath a man's name. 
 
 HERB TRUE-LOVE, OR ONE-BERRY. 
 
 a more 
 
 a pessary, provokes the terms exceedingly . 
 also being beaten into powder, and strewed 
 upon foul ulcers, it consumes the dead 
 flesh, and instantly heals them; nay, it 
 will help gangrenes in the beginning. 
 Twenty grains taken inwardly is a sufficient 
 dose for one time, and let that be corrected 
 with half so much cinnamon ; country peo- 
 ple used to rowel their cattle with it. If a 
 beast be troubled with a cough, or have 
 taken any poison, they bore a hole through 
 the ear, and put a piece of the root in it, 
 this will help him in 24 hours time. Many 
 other uses farriers put it to which I 
 forbear. 
 
 HERB ROBERT. 
 
 THE Herb Robert is held in great esti- 
 mation by farmers, who use it in diseases 
 of their cattle. 
 
 DescriptJ] It rises up with a reddish 
 stalk two feet high, having divers leaves 
 thereon, upon very long nnd reddish foot- 
 
 stalks, divided at the ends into three or 
 five divisions, each of them cut in on the 
 edges, which sometimes turn reddish. At 
 the tops of the stalks come forth divers 
 flowers made of five leaves, much larger 
 than the Dove's-foot, and of a more reddish 
 colour; after which come black heads, as in 
 others. The root is small and thready, 
 and smells, as the whole plant, very strong, 
 almost stinking. 
 
 Placed] This grows frequently every 
 where by the way-sides, upon ditch banks 
 and waste grounds wheresoever one goes. 
 
 Time.~\ It flowers in June and July 
 chiefly, and the seed is ripe shortly after. 
 
 Government and virtues."] It is under the 
 dominion of Venus. Herb Robert is com- ; 
 
 Descript.~\ ORDINARY Herb True-love 
 has a small creeping root running under the 
 uppermost crust of the ground, somewhat 
 like couch grass root, but not so white, 
 shooting forth stalks with leaves, some 
 whereof carry no berries, the others do; 
 every stalk smooth without joints, and 
 blackish green, rising about half a foot high, 
 if it bear berries, other wise seldom so high, 
 shall 1 bearing at the top four leaves set directly 
 ' one against another, in manner of a cross 
 or ribband tied (as it is called in a true- 
 loves knot,) which are each of them apart 
 somewhat like unto a night-shade leaf, but 
 somewhat broader, having sometimes three 
 leaves, sometimes five, sometimes six, and 
 those sometimes greater than in others, in 
 the middle of the four leaves rise up one 
 small slender stalk, about an inch high, 
 
 bearing at the lops thereof one flower spread 
 open like a star, consisting of four small 
 and long narrow pointed leaves of a yellow- 
 ish green colour, and four others lying 
 between them lesser than they ; in the mid- 
 dle whereof stands a round dark purplish 
 button or head, compassed about with 
 eight small yellow mealy threads with three 
 colours, making it the more conspicuous, 
 | and lovely to behold. This button or head 
 'in the middle, when the other leaves are 
 withered, becomes a blackish purple berry, 
 full of juice, of the bigness of a reasonable 
 grape, having within it many white seeds. 
 The whole plant is without any manifest 
 taste. 
 
 Place.'] It grows in woods and copses, 
 
 mended not only against the stone, but to \ and sometimes in the corners or bordeis of 
 

 AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 05 
 
 fields, and waste grounds in very many j Hyssop boiled with rue and honey, and 
 
 places of this land, and abundantly in the | drank, helps those that are troubled with 
 
 woods, copses, and other places about j coughs, shortness of breath, wheezing and 
 
 ' Chislehurst and Maidslone in Kent. { rheumatic distillation upon the lungs ; taken 
 
 Time.'] They spring up in the middle of j also with oxyrnel, it purges gross humours 
 April or May, and are in flower soon after. ; by stool ; and with honey, kills worms in 
 The berries are ripe in the end of Mayjthe belly; and with fresh and new figs 
 and in some places in June. j bruised, helps to loosen the belly, and more 
 
 Government and virtues.] Venus owns it; \ forcibly if the root of Flower-de-luce and 
 the leaves or berries hereof are effectual to j ci esses be added thereto. It amends and 
 expel poison of all sorts, especially that of j cherishes the native colour of the body, 
 the aconites; as also, the plague, and other j spoiled by the yellow jaundice; and being 
 pestilential disorders; Matthiolus saith, that ; taken with figs and nitre, helps the dropsy 
 some that have lain long in a lingering sick- j and spleen; being boiled with wine, it is 
 ness, and others that by witchcraft (as it j good to wash inflammations, and takes 
 was thought) were become half foolish, by? away the black and blue spots and marks 
 
 taking a dram of the seeds or berries hereof 
 in powder every day for 20 days together, 
 were restored to their former health. The 
 roots in powder taken in wine eases the 
 pains of the cholic speedily. The leaves 
 are very effectual as well for green wounds, 
 
 that corne by strokes, bruises, or falls, being 
 applied with warm water. It is an excellent 
 medicine for the quinsy, or swellings in 
 the throat, to wash and gargle it, being 
 boiled in figs; it helps the tooth-ache, being 
 boiled in vinegar and gargled therewith. 
 
 as to cleanse and heal up filthy old sores \ The hot vapours of the decoction taken by 
 and ulcers; and is very powerful to discuss j a funnel in at the ears, eases the inflamma- 
 all tumours and swellings in the privy \ tions and singing noise of them. Being 
 parts, the groin, or in any part of the body, j bruised, and salt, honey, and cummin seed 
 and speedily to allay all inflammations, t put to it, helps those that are stung by 
 The juice of the leaves applied to felons, or ; serpents. The oil thereof (the head being 
 those nails of the hands or toes that have * anointed) kills lice, and takes away itching 
 imposthumes or sores gathered together at jof the head. It helps those that have the 
 the roots of them, heals them in a short \ falling sickness, which way soever it be 
 space. The herb is not to be described for I applied. It helps to expectorate tough 
 the premises, but is fit to be nourished in t phlegm, and is effectual in all cold griefs 
 every good woman's garden. i or diseases of the chests or lungs, being 
 
 taken either in syrup or licking medicine. 
 The green herb bruised and a little sugar 
 put thereto, doth quickly heal any cut or 
 
 HYSSOP. 
 
 HYSSOP is so well known to be an inha- 
 bitant in every garden, that it will save me 
 
 green wounds, being thereunto applied. 
 
 HOPS. 
 
 labour in writing a description thereof. The 
 virtues are as follow. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The herb is! 
 Jupiter's,and the sign Cancer. It strengthens! THESE are so well known that they need 
 nil the parts of the body under Cancer and j no description ; I mean the manured kind, 
 Jupiter; which what they may be, is found j which every good husband or housewife is 
 amply described in my astrological judg- \ acquainted with. 
 
 ment of diseases. Dioscorides saith, that *. Descript.'] The wild hop grows up as the 
 
 c c 
 
96 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 other doth, ramping upoa trees or hedges, { 
 
 that stand next to diem, with rough branches { OREHOUND. 
 
 and leaves like the former, but it gives; THERE are two kinds of Horehound, 
 smaller heads, and in far less plenty than } the white and the black The black sort 
 it, so that there is scarcely a head or two j is likewise called Hen^bit ; but the white 
 seen in a year on divers of this wild kind,; one is here spoken of. 
 Avherein consists the chief difference. I)escript.~] Common Horehound grows 
 
 Place.'] They delight to grow in low; up with square hairy stalks, half a yard or 
 moist grounds, and are found in all parts ! two feet high, set at the joints with two 
 of this land. ground crumpled rough leaves of a sullen 
 
 Time.'] They spring not until April, and j hoary green colour, of a reasonable good 
 flower not until the latter end of June ; the* scent, but a very bitter taste. The flowers 
 heads are not gathered until the middle or j are small, white, and gaping, set in a rough, 
 latter end of September. I hard prickly husk round about the joints, 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the j [with the leaves from the middle of the 
 dominion of Mars. This, in physical jslalk upward, wherein afterward is found 
 operations, is to open obstructions of the Ismail round blackish seed. The root is 
 liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to j blackish, hard and woody, with many 
 loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from strings,, and abides many years, 
 gravel, and provoke urine. The decoc-j Place.'] It is found in many parts of 
 tion of the tops of Hops, as well of the j this land, in dry grounds, and waste green 1 
 tame as the wild, works the same effects. > places. 
 
 In cleansing the blood they help to curej Time.'] It flowers in July, and the seed 
 the French diseases, and all manner of i is ripe in August. 
 
 scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the \ Government and virtues.'] It is an herb 
 body ; as also all tetters, ringworms, and j of Mercury. A decoction of the dried 
 spreading sores, the morphew and all dis-iherb, with the seed, or the juice of the 
 colouring of the skin. The decoction of i green herb taken with honey, is a remedy 
 the flowers and hops, do help to expel I for those that are short-winded, have a 
 poison that anyone hath drank. Half a | cough, or are fallen into a consumption, 
 dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, i either through long sickness, or thin dis- 
 kills worms in the body, brings down 5 filiations of rheum upon the lungs. It helps 
 women's courses, and expels urine. A syrup * to expectorate tough phlegm from the chest, 
 made of the juice and sugar, cures the yeM being taken from the roots of Iris or Orris, 
 low jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes : It is given to women to bring down their 
 of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver! courses, to expel the after-birth, and to 
 and stomach, and is profitably given in ! them that have taken poison, or are stung 
 long and hot agues that rise in choler and I or bitten by venemous serpents. The leaves 
 blood. Both the wild and the manured j used with honey, purge foul ulcers,, stay 
 are of one property, and alike effectual in: running or creeping sores, and the growing- 
 all the aforesaid diseases. By all these : of the flesh over the nails. It also- helps 
 testimonies beer appears to be better than j pains of the sides. The juice thereof with 
 ale. i wine and honey, helps to clear die eye- 
 
 Mars owns the plant, and then Dr. Rea-*' sight, and snuffed up into- the nostrils, 
 son will tell you how it performs these j purges away the yellow -jaundice, and -with 
 actions. ja liitle oil of roses dropped into- the eara, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 eases the pains of them. Galen saith, it Time.] They spring up in April, an 
 opens obstructions both of the liver and > their blooming catkins in July, seeding fc. 
 
 * i .11 11 /* 1 1 1 . A i 
 
 spleen, and purges the breast and lungs of 
 phlegm : and used outwardly it both 
 cleanses and digests. A decoction of Hore- 
 houncl (saith Matthiolus) is available for 
 those that have hard livers, and far such as 
 have itches and running tetters. The pow- 
 
 the most part in August, and then peri* 
 down to the ground, rising afresh in ti 
 Spring. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The herb be- 
 longs to Saturn, yet is very harmless, and 
 excellently good for the things following: 
 
 der hereof taken, or the decoction, kills j; Horsetail, the smoother rather than the 
 worms. The green leaves bruised, and 'rough, and the leaves rather than the bare, 
 boiled in old hog's grease into an oint-jis most physical. It its very powerful tir 
 ment, heals the biting of dogs, abates the; staunch bleeding either inward or outward, 
 swellings and pains that come by any I the juice or the decoction thereof being 
 pricking of thorns, or such like means; and [drank, or the juice, decoction, or distilled 
 used with vinegar, cleanses and heals tetters. water applied outwardly. It also stays all 
 There is a syrup made of Horehound to be sorts of lasks and fluxes in man or woman- 
 
 had at the apothecaries, very good for old 
 coughs, to rid the tough phlegm ; as also 
 
 and bloody urine ; and heals also not only 
 the inward ulcers, and the excoriation 
 
 to void cold rheums from the lungs of old ! the entrails, bladder, &c. but all other sorts 
 
 folks, and for those that are asthmatic o-rj of foul, moist and running ulcers, and soon 
 
 short-winded. \ solders together the tops of green wounds. 
 
 _-,,.. lit cures all ruptures in children. The de- 
 
 HOKbEIAlli. . , ' . i- i i 
 
 \ coction thereof in wine being drank, pro- 
 
 OF that there are many kinds, but I shall j vokcs urine, and helps the stone and stran- 
 not trouble you nor myself with any large j guary ; and the distilled water thereof drank 
 description of them, which to do, were {two or three times in a day, and a small 
 but, as the proverb is, To find a knot in a | quantity at a time, also eases the bowels, 
 rush, all the kinds thereof being nothing j ant } j s effectual against a cough that comes 
 else but knotted rushes, some with leaves, | by distillations from the head. The juice 
 and some without. Take the description of j or distilled water being wanned, and hot 
 the most eminent sort as follows. \ inflammations, pustules or red whcals, and 
 
 The great Horsetail at the other breakings-out in the skin, bein 
 first Sflrfogilg has heads somewhat like | bathed therewith, doth help them, and doth 
 thoseof asparagus,and afterwards growtobej n o less 'he swelling heat and inflammation 
 hard, rough, hollow stalks, jointed at sundry : o f the lower parts in men and women. 
 places up to the top, a foot high, so made: 
 
 as if the lower parts were put into thej HOUSBLEEK on SENCREEN 
 
 upper, where grow on each side a bush of \ BOTH these are so well known to my 
 small long rush-like hard leaves, each part 5 countrymen, that I shall not need to write 
 resembling a horsetail, from whence it is so j any description of them. 
 called. At the tops of the stalks cornej Place.] It grows commonly upon walls: 
 forth small catkins, like those of trees. The and house-sides, and flowers in July, 
 Toot creeps under ground, having joints at | Government and virtues] It is an herb 
 sundry places. ? of Jupiter, and it is reported by Mezaldus, 
 
 Place.] This (as most of the other sorts | to preserve what it grows upon from fare 
 iereofj grows in wet grounds. land lightning. Our ordinary Houseleek is 
 
98 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 >od for all inward heats as well as out- 
 ward, and in the eyes or other parts of the 
 body ; a posset made with the juice of 
 Houseleek, is singularly good in all hot 
 agues, for it cools and tempers the blood 
 and spirits, and quenches the thirst; and 
 
 which consist of small purplish red leaves 
 of a dead colour, rising out of the husks 
 wherein they stand with some threads in 
 the middle. It has sometimes a white 
 flower. After the flowers are past, there 
 comes rough flat seed, with a small pointlc 
 
 ,| "111 1 1 
 
 also good to slay all hot deductions or sharp in the middle, easily cleaving to any gar- 
 and salt rheums in the eyes, the juice being | ment that it touches, and not so easiH 
 dropped into them, or into the ears. | pulled off again. The root is black, thick, 
 It helps also other fluxes of humours in the i and long, hard to break, and full of clammy 
 bowels, and the immoderate, courses of juice, smelling somewhat strong, of an evil 
 
 women. It cools and restrains all other hot 
 inflammations, St. Anthony's fire, scald- 
 
 ings and burnings, the shingles, fretting; land, in waste grounds, and untillecl places, 
 
 ulcers, cankers, tettors, ringworms, and the 
 like ; and much eases the pains of the gout 
 proceeding from any hot cause. The juice 
 
 scent, as the leaves also do. 
 
 Place.'] It grows in moist places of this 
 
 by highway sides, lanes, and hedge-sides. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers about May or June, 
 and the seed is ripe shortly after. 
 
 also takes away worts and corns in the Government and virtues.'] It is a plant 
 hands or feet, being often bathed therewith, } under the dominion of Mercury. The root 
 
 * is very effectually used in pills, as well as 
 the decoction, or otherwise, to slay all sharp 
 and thin defluxions of rheum from the head 
 into the eyes or nose, or upon ihe stomach 
 
 and the skin and leaves being laid on them 
 afterwards. It eases also the head-ache, 
 and distempered heat of the brain in 
 frenzies, or through want of sleep, being 
 applied to the temples and forehead. The 
 leaves bruised and laid upon the crown or 
 seam of the head, stays bleeding at the nose 
 very quickly. The distilled water of the 
 herb is profitable for all the purposes afore- 
 said. The leaves being gently rubbed on 
 
 or lungs, as also for coughs and shortness 
 of breath. The leaves boiled in wine (saith 
 Dioscorides, but others do rather appoint it 
 to be made with water, and add thereto 
 oil and salt) molifies or opens the belly 
 downwards. It also helps to cure the biting 
 
 HOUND S TONGUE. 
 
 any place stung with neltles or bees, dolh of a mad dog, some of the leaves being also 
 quickly lake away the pain. \ applied to the wound : The leaves bruised, 
 
 or the juice of ihem boiled 111 ^ Js lard, 
 and applied, helps falling away of the hair, 
 which comes of hot and sharp humours ; 
 as also for any place that is scalded or 
 burnt ; the leaves bruised and laid to any 
 green wound doth heal it up quickly : the 
 root baked under the embers, wrapped in 
 paste or wet paper, or in a wet double cloth, 
 and thereof a suppository made, and put 
 up into or applied to the fundament, dolh 
 very effectually help the painful piles or 
 hemorrhoids. The distilled waler of the 
 | herbs and roots is very good to all the pur- 
 
 f)escript.~] THE greal ordinary Hound's 
 Tongue has many long and somewhat 
 narrow, soft, hairy, darkish green leaves, 
 lying on the ground, somewhat like unto 
 Bugloss leaves, from among which rises 
 up a rough hairy stalk about two feet high, 
 with some smaller leaves thereon, and 
 branched at the tops into divers parts, with 
 a small leaf at the foot of every branch, 
 which is somewhat long, with many flowers 
 set along the same, which branch is crooked 
 
 or turned inwards before it flowers, and \ poses aforesaid, to be used as well inwardly 
 opens by degrees as the flowers blow, | to drink, as outwardly to wash any sore 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 99 
 
 place, for it heals all manner of wounds and | a-piece, with many yellow threads in ihe 
 punctures, and those foul ulcers that arise j middle, which being bruised do yield a red- 
 by the French pox. Mizaldus adds that | dish juice like blood; after which come 
 the leaves laid under the feet, will keep the | small round heads, wherein is contained 
 dogs from barking at you. It is called | small blackish seed smelling like rosin. 
 Hound's-tongue, because it ties the tongues I The root is hard and woody, with divers 
 of hounds ; whether true, or not, I never j strings and fibres at it, of a brownish colour, 
 tried, yet I cured the biting of a mad dog j which abides in the ground many years, 
 with this only medicine. {shooting anew every Spring. 
 
 Place.l This grows in woods and copses, 
 
 HOLLY, HOLM, OH HULVEK BUSH. as ^ ^ jgj^ ^^ as ^ * 
 
 FOR to describe a tree so well known is sun. 
 needless. Time.'] They flower about Midsummer 
 
 Government and virtues."] The tree is j and July, and their seed is ripe in the latter 
 Saturnine. The berries expel wind, and i end of July or August, 
 therefore are held to be profitable in the \ Government and virtues.] It is under the 
 cholic. The berries have a strong faculty } celestial sign Leo, and the dominion of the 
 with them ; for if you eat a dozen of them! Sun. It may be, if you meet a Papist, he 
 in the morning fasting when they are ripe j will tell you, especially if he be a lawyer, 
 arid not dried, they purge the body of gross j that St. John made it over to him by a 
 and clammy phlegm : but if you dry the ; letter of attorney. It is a singular wound 
 berries, and beat them into powder, they \ herb; boiled in wine and drank, it heals 
 bind the body, and stop fluxes, bloody-) inward hurts or bruises ; made into an oint- 
 
 1 1 1.1 * mi 11? . i i_ * * i * i 11 
 
 fluxes, and the terms in women. The bark 
 of the tree, and also the leaves, are excel- ' 
 Jently good, being used in fomentations for 
 
 ment, it open obstructions, dissolves swell- 
 ings, and closes up the lips of wounds. The 
 decoction of the herb and flowers, especi- 
 
 brpken bones, and such members as are out j ally of the seed, being drank in wine, with 
 of joint. Pliny saith, the branches of the! the juice of knot-grass, helps all manner of 
 tree defend houses from lightning, and men : vomiting and spitting of blood, is good for 
 from witchcraft. j those that are bitten or stung by any veno- 
 
 ST JOHN'S WORT jmous creature, and for those that cannot 
 
 t make water. Two drams of the seed of 
 
 THIS is a very beautiful shrub, and is! St. John's Wort made into powder, and 
 u great ornament to our meadows. | drank in a little broth, doth gently expel 
 
 DescriptJ] Common St. John's Wort j choler or congealed blood in the stomach, 
 shoots forth brownish, upright, hard, round ! The decoction of the leaves and seeds 
 stalks, two feet high, spreading many? drank somewhat warm before the fits of 
 branches from the sides up to the tops of \ agues, whether they be tertains or quartans, 
 them, with two small leaves set one against j alters the fits, and, by often using, doth 
 anothei at every place, which are of a deep ! take them quite away. The seed is much 
 green colour, somewhat like the leaves of | commended, being drank for forty days 
 the lesser Centaury, but narrow, and full of | together, to help the sciatica, the falling, 
 small holes in every leaf, which cannot be 5 sickness, and the palsy, 
 so well perceived, as when they are held up } 
 
 to the light; at the tops of the stalks and j IVY * 
 
 branches stand yellow flowers of five leaves \ IT is so we'll known to every child 
 
 D D 
 
100 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 almost, to gro\v in woods upon the trees, f and nose, and curing the ulcers and stench 
 and upon the stone walls of churches, j therein ; the same dropped into the ears 
 houses, &c. and sometimes to grow alone of} helps the old and running sores of them 
 itself, though but seldom, j those that are troubled with the spleen, 
 
 Time.'] It flowers not until July, and j shall find much ease by continual drinking 
 the berries are not ripe till Christmas, when | out of a cup made of Ivy, so as the drink 
 they have felt Winter frosts. \ may stand some small time therein before 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the lit be drank. Cato saith, That wine put 
 dominion of Saturn. A pugil of the flowers, j into such a cup, will soak through it, by 
 which may be about a dram, (saith Diosco- { reason of the antipathy that is between 
 corides) drank twice a day in red wine, | them. 
 
 helps the lask, and bloody flux. It is an 1 There seems to be a very great antipathy 
 enemy to the nerves and sinews, being \ between wine and Ivy ; for if one hath got 
 much taken inwardly, but very helpful j a surfeit by drinking of wine, his speediest 
 to them, being outwardly applied. Pliny i cure is to drink a draught of the same wine 
 saith, the yellow berries are good against j wherein a handful of Ivy leaves, being first 
 the jaundice ; and taken before one be set \ bruised, have been boiled, 
 to drink hard, preserves from drunkenness, * 
 and helps those that spit blood; and thatj 
 
 the white berries being taken inwardly, ors FOR to give a description of a bush so> 
 applied outwardly, kills the worms in the; commonly known is needless, 
 belly. The 'berries are a singular remedy j Placet] They grow plentifully in divers 
 to prevent the plague, as also to free them j woods in Kent, Warney common near 
 from it that have got it, by drinking the i Brentwood in Essex, upon Finchley Corn- 
 berries thereof made in to a powder, for twojmon without Highgate; hard by the New- 
 er three days together. They being taken j found Wells near Dulwich, upon a Common 
 in wine, do certainly help to break the I between Mitcham and Croydon, in the 
 stone, provoke urine, and women's courses. ! Highgate near Amersham in Buckingham. 
 The fresh leaves of Ivy, boiled in vinegar, [.shire, and many other places, 
 and applied warm to the sides of those that i Time.'] The berries are not ripe the first 
 are troubled with the spleen, ache, or stitch i year, but continue green two Summers and 
 in the sides, do give much ease : The same | one Winter before they are ripe ; at which 
 applied with some Rosewater, and oil of j time they are all of a black colour, and 
 Roses, to the temples and forehead, eases | therefore you shall always find upon the 
 the head-ache, though it be of long con- \ bush green berries ; the berries are ripe 
 tinuance. The fresh leaves boiled in wine, j about the fall of the leaf, 
 and old filthy ulcers hard to be cured j Government and mrtues.~] This admirable 
 washed therewith, do wonderfully help to | solar shrub is scarce to be paralleled for its 
 cleanse them. It also quickly hoals green j virtues. The berries are hot in the thirl 
 wounds, and is effectual to heal all burnings | degree, and dry but in the first, being si 
 and scaldings, and all kinds of exulcera-' most admirable counter-poison, and as great 
 tions coming thereby, or by salt phlegm or \ a rcsister of the pestilence, as any growing ; 
 humours in other parts of the body. The j they are excellent good against the biting, 
 juice of the berries or leaves snuffed up into; of venomous beasts, they provoke urine 
 the nose, piirges the head and brain of thin j exceedingly, and therefore are very avail- 
 rheum that makes defluxions into the eyes ; able to dysuries and stranguaries. It is so 
 
AND KNGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. ] ? 
 
 powerful a remedy against the dropsy, that; on, usually not round as those below, bui 
 the very lye made of the ashes of the herb j somewhat long, and divided at the edges : 
 being drank, cures the disease. It provokes | the tops are somewhat divided into long 
 the terms, helps the fits of the mother, i branches, bearing a number of flowers, set 
 strengthens the stomach exceedingly, and j round about a long spike one above another, 
 expels the wind. Indeed there is scarce a; which are hollow and like a little bell of a 
 better remedy for wind in any part of the 5 whitish green colour, after which come 
 body, or the cholic, than the chymical oil > small heads, containing very small brownish 
 
 drawn from the berries ; such country ; 
 
 seed, which falling on the ground, will 
 
 people as know not how to draw the chy- 5 plentifully spring up before Winter, if it 
 mical oil, may c- ntent themselves by eating \ have moisture. The root is round and most 
 ten or a dozen of the ripe berries every \ usually smooth, greyish without, and white 
 morning fasting. They are admirably good J within, having small fibres at the head of 
 for a cough, shortness of breath, and con-Uhe root, and bottom of the stalk, 
 sumption, pains in the belly, ruptures, \ Placed] It grows very plentifully in 
 
 cramps, and convulsions. They give safe 
 and speedy delivery to women with child, 
 they strengthen the brain exceedingly, help 
 
 many places of this land, but especially in 
 all the west parts thereof, upon stone and 
 mud walls, upon rocks also, and in stony 
 
 the memory, and fortify the sight by $ places upon the ground, at the bottom of 
 strengthening the optic nerves; are excel- j old trees, and sometimes on the bodies of 
 lently good in all sorts of agues ; help the 1 them that are decayed and rotten, 
 gout and sciatica, and strengthen the lirnbs j Time.'] It usually flowers in the begin 
 of the body. The ashes of the wood is aining of May, and the seed ripening quickly 
 speedy remedy to such as have the scurvy, | after, sheds itself; so that about the end e* 
 to rub their gums with. The berries stay j May, usually the stalks and leaves are 
 all fluxes, help the haemorrhoids or piles, j withered, dry, and gone until September, 
 and kill worms in children. A lye made j then the leaves spring up again, and so 
 of the ashes of the wood, and the body \ abide all winter. 
 
 bathed with it, cures the itch, "scabs and : Government and virtues."] Venus chal- 
 leprosy. The berries break the stone, i lenges the herb under Libra. The juice 
 procure appetite when it is lost, and are ! or the distilled water being drank, is very 
 excellently good for all palsies, and falling- [effectual for all inflammations and unnatural 
 sickness. j heats, to cool a fainting hot stomach, a hot 
 
 KIDNEYWORT, OR WALL PEN N YROYAL, j %*>, OT ^ ^^ V^ ^ ^ ^T 
 OR WALL PENNYWORT. gj? ** ""* ^'^ T K ' 
 
 j heals pimples, bt. Anthony s nre, and other 
 
 Descript.~] IT has many thick, flat, and ! outward heats. The said juice or water 
 round leaves growing from the root, every I helps to heal sore kidneys, torn or fretted 
 one having a long footstalk, fastened un- > by the stone, or exulcerated within ; it also 
 derneath, about the middle of it, and a > provokes urine, is available for the dropsy, 
 little unevenly weaved sometimes about the $ and helps to break the stone. Bejng used 
 edges, of a pale green colour, and some-: as a bath, or made into an ointment, it 
 what yellow on the upper side like a sau-lcools the painful piles or haemorrhoida- 
 cer ; from among which arise one or more { veins. It is no less effectual to give ease 
 tender, smooth, hollow stalks half a foot \ to the pains of the gout, the sciatica, and 
 igh, with two or three small leaves there- 1 helps the kernels or knots in the neck or 
 
102 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 throat, called the king's evil : healing kibes 
 and chilblains if they be bathed with the 
 juice, or anointed with ointment made 
 thereof, and some of the skin of the leaf 
 upon them : it is also used in green wounds 
 to stay the blood, and to heal them quickly. 
 
 KNAPWEED. 
 
 DescriptJ] THE common sort hereof 
 has many long and somewhat dark green 
 leaves, rising from the root, dented about 
 the edges, and sometimes a little rent or 
 torn on both sides in two or three places, 
 and somewhat hairy withal ; amongst 
 which arises a long round stalk, four or five 
 feet high, divided into many branches, at 
 the tops whereof stand great scaly green 
 heads, and from the middle of them thrust 
 forth a number of dark purplish red thrumbs 
 or threads, which after they are withered 
 and past, there are found divers black 
 seeds, lying in a great deal of down, some- 
 what like unto Thistle seed, but smaller ; 
 the root is white, hard and woody, and divers 
 fibres annexed thereunto, which perishes 
 not, but abides with leaves thereon all the 
 Winter, shooting out fresh every spring. 
 
 Place."] It grows in most fields and mea- 
 dows, and about their borders and hedges, 
 and in many waste grounds also every 
 
 w 
 
 here. 
 
 Time.'] It usually flowers in June and 
 July, and the seed is ripe shortly after. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Saturn chal- 
 lenges the herb for his own. This Knap- 
 weed helps to stay fluxes, both of blood at 
 the mouth or nose, or other outward parts, 
 and those veins that are inwardly broken, 
 or inward wounds, as also the fluxes of the 
 belly; it stays distillation of thin and sharp 
 humours from the head upon the stomach 
 and lungs ; it is good for those that are 
 bruised by any fall, blows or otherwise, and 
 w profitable for those that are bursten, and 
 have ruptures, by drinking the decoction: 
 
 of the herb and roots in wine, and applying 
 the same outwardly to the place. It is 
 singularly good in all running sores, can- 
 cerous and fistulous, drying up of the mois- 
 ture, and healing them up so gently, with- 
 out sharpness; it doth the like to i mining 
 sores or scabs of the head or other parts. 
 It is of special use for the soreness of the 
 throat, swelling of the uvula and jaws, and 
 excellently good to stay bleeding, and heal 
 up all green wounds. 
 
 KNOTGRASS. 
 
 IT is generally known so well that it 
 needs no description. 
 
 Place.] It grows in every county of 
 this land by the highway sides, and by 
 foot-paths in fields ; as also by the sides of 
 old walls. 
 
 Time.'] It springs up late in the Spring, 
 and abides until the Winter, when all the 
 branches perish. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Saturn seems 
 to me to own the herb, and yet some hold 
 the Sun; out of doubt 'tis Saturn. The 
 juice of the common kind of Knotgrass 
 is most effectual to stay bleeding of the 
 mouth, being drank in steeled or red wine ; 
 and the bleeding at the nose, to be applied 
 to the forehead or temples, or to be squirted 
 up into the nostrils. It is no less effectual 
 lo cool and temper the heat of the blood 
 and stomach, and to stay any flux of the 
 blood and humours, as lasks, bloody-flux, 
 women's courses, and running of the reins. 
 It is singularly good to provoke urine, help 
 the stranguary, and allays the heat that 
 comes thereby ; and is powerful by urine 
 to expel the gravel or stone in the kidneys 
 and bladder, a dram of the powder of 
 the herb being taken in wine for many 
 days together. Being boiled in wine and 
 drank, it is profitable lo those that are stung 
 or bitten by venemous creatures, and very 
 effectual to stay all dcfluxions of rheumatic 
 humours upon the stomach, and kills worms 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. _ 103 
 
 in the belly or stomach, quiets inward pains | Time.'] It flowers in May and June, 
 that arise from the heat, sharpness and cor- i abides after seedtime green all the Winter 
 ruption of blood and choler. The distilled | Government and virtues."] Venus claims 
 water hereof taken by itself or with the J the herb as her own. Ladies' Mantle it 
 powder of the herb or seed, is very effectual j.very proper for those wounds that have in- 
 to all the purposes aforesaid, and is ac- S flammations, and is very effectual to stay 
 counted one of the most sovereign remedies : bleeding, vomitings, fluxes of all sorts, 
 to cool all manner of inflammations, break- ; bruises by falls or otherwise, and helps rup- 
 ing out through heat, hot swellings and j tures ; and such women as have large 
 itnposthumes, gangrene and fistulous can- breasts, causing them to grow less and hard 
 kers, or foul filthy ulcers, being applied 1 being both drank and outwardly applied ; 
 Of put into them; but especially for all i the distilled water drank for 20 days toge- 
 
 ,^l 1 * ' . 1.1.11 .* 1 _ _ I 
 
 sorts of ulcers and sores happening in the 
 privy parts of men and women. It helps 
 all fresh and green wounds, and speedily 
 
 ther helps conception, and to retain the 
 birth ; if the women do sometimes also sit in 
 a bath made of the decoction of the herb. 
 
 heals them. The juice dropped into the | It is one of the most singular wound herbs 
 
 ears, cleanses them being foul, and having 
 running matter in them. 
 
 [t is very prevalent for the premises ; as 
 also for broken joints and ruptures. 
 
 LADIES MANTLE. 
 
 that is, and therefore highly prized and 
 praised by the Germans, who use it in all 
 wounds inward and outward, to drink a de- 
 coctron thereof, and wash the wounds there- 
 with, or dip tents therein, and put them 
 into the wounds, which wonderfully dries 
 Descript.'] IT has many leaves rising j up all humidity of the sores, and abates in- 
 from the root standing upon long hairy | flammations tnerein. It quickly heals all 
 foot-stalks, being almost round, and a little j green wounds, not suffering any corruption 
 cut on the edges, into eight or ten parts, j to remain behind, and cures all old sores, 
 making it seem like a star, with so many ; though fistulous and hollow, 
 corners and points, and dented round about, i 
 
 c i- LAVENDER. 
 
 of a light green colour, somewhat hard in < 
 
 handling, and as it were folded or plaited i BEING an inhabitant almost in every 
 at first, and then crumpled in divers places, j garden, it is so well known, that it needs no 
 and a little hairy, as the stalk is also, which \ description. 
 
 rises up among them to the height of two j Time.] It flowers about the end of June, 
 or three feet; and being Aveak, is not able and beginning of July, 
 to stand upright, but bended to the ground, | Government and virtues."] Mercury owns 
 divided at the top into two or three small j the herb; and it carries his effects very po- 
 oranches, with small yellowish green heads, i tently. Lavender is of a special good use 
 and flowers of a whitish colour breaking out j for all the griefs and pains of the head and 
 of them ; which being past, there comes a } brain that proceed of a cold cause, as the 
 small yellowish seed like a poppy seed : I apoplexy, falling-sickness, the dropsy, or 
 The root is somewhat long and black, with sluggish malady, cramps, convulsions, 
 many strings and fibres thereat. \ palsies, and often faintings. It strengthens 
 
 Place.'] It grows naturally in many pas- { the stomach, and frees the liver and spleen 
 tures and wood sides in Hertfordshire, i from obstructions, provokes women's courses, 
 Wiltshire, and Kent, and other places of | and expels the dead child and after-birth, 
 this land. *The flowers of Lavender steeped in wine, 
 
 E E 
 
101 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 helps them to make water that are stopped, j Descript.~] The root is composed of many 
 or are troubled with the wind or cholic, if {small while threads from whence spring up 
 he place be bathed therewith. A decoc-i divers long stalks of winged leaves, consist- 
 tion made with the flowers of Lavender, j ing of round, tender, dark, green leaves, 
 Hore-hound, Fennel and Asparagus root, j set one against another upon a middle rib, 
 and a little Cinnamon, is very profitably : the greatest being at the end, amongst 
 used to help the falling-sickness, and the \ which arise up divers tender, weak, round, 
 giddiness or turning of the brain: to gar- j green stalks, somewhat streaked, with lon- 
 gle the mouth with the decoction thereof i ger and smaller leaves upon them ; on the 
 is good against the tooth-ache. Two j tops of which stand flowers, almost like the 
 spoonfuls of the distilled water of the j Stock Gillifiowers, but rounder, and not so 
 flowers taken, helps them that have lost ; long, of a blushing white colour; the seed 
 their voice, as also the tremblings and pas- > is reddish, and grows to small branches, 
 sions of the heart, and fain tings and swoon- \ being of a sharp biting taste, and so has the 
 ing, not only being drank, but applied to ! herb. 
 
 the temples, or nostrils to be smelled unlo ; 5 Placed] They grow in moist places, and 
 but it is not safe to use it where the body is j near to brooksides. 
 
 replete with blood and humours, because of; Time.'] They flower in April and May, 
 the hot and subtile spirits wherewith it is \ and the lower leaves continue green all the 
 possessed. The chymical oil drawn from \ Winter. 
 
 Lavender, usually called Oil of Spike, isofi Government and virtues.'] They are under 
 so fierce and piercing a quality, that it is ! the dominion of the Moon, and very little 
 cautiously to be used, some few drops being S inferior to Water Cresses in all their opera- 
 sufficient, to be given with other things, ; tions ; they are excellently good for tlte 
 either for inward or outward griefs. i scurvy, they provoke urine, and break the 
 
 LAVENDER-COTTON. | stone, and excellently warm a cold and 
 
 T i it 'weak stomach, restoring lost appetite, and 
 IT being a common .garden herb, 1 shall ; - , ,. . ' 
 
 forbear the description, only tak^ notice, I 
 
 that it flowers in June and July. LETTUCE. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under the* T n i i 
 
 , . . ,. T. r J r . . IT is so well known, being generally used 
 
 dominion of Mercury. It resists po.son, Sal , ml . llcl ., , that u is fi^ther Deed, 
 
 putrefaction, and heals the biting of veno- , ^ (lescription lhe * coi - 
 
 mous beasts : A dram of the powder of the 5 . Go|W||JfJC|rf y and J^j The Moon 
 dried leaves taken every morning fasting , ^^ ^ anfj ^ fg the J reason t , CQo| 
 stops the running of the reins m men, and , ftnd mo . gten whftt ^ and dr nes / Mars 
 vhites in women. I he seed bea ten intoj fa because Maps hag hi ^ jn Cftn _ 
 
 powder, and taken as womi -seed kills the ; .. the ., 
 
 aid th .. oo , the he ., t 
 
 worms, not only m children , but also in | Sun rmcs j j^^^ whom and the Mo(m 
 people of nper years ; the like doth the| jg ft tion in the generation of men, as 
 
 erb itself, being steeped in milk and the * ^ Jn m ^ Guide for Woincn 
 
 milk drank . ; the body bathed w.th the de- ^ . . of Lettuc c mixed or boiled with 
 coction of it, helps scabs and itch. j Qil Q J f Roscs> app]ie(I to the forchea(1 and 
 
 LADIES-SMOCK, OR c uc KG w-FLo\vER. j temples procures sleep, and eases the head- 
 
 Tins is a very pretty ornament to the! ache proceeding of an hot cause: Being 
 
 sides of most meadows. $ eaten boiled, it helps to loostu the belly. 
 
AIND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 It helps digestion, quenches thirst, in- S groat pools, and standing waters, and scme- 
 c reuses milk in nurses, eases griping pains in \ times in slow running rivers, and lesser 
 the stomach or bowels, that come of choler. i ditches of water, in sundry places of this 
 Applied outwardly to the region of the land. 
 
 heart, liver or reins, or by bathing the said 
 
 Time.'] They flower most commonly 
 
 places with the juice of distilled water, about the end of May, and their seed is 
 wherein some white Sanders, or red Roses: ripe in August. 
 
 are put ; not only represses the heat and 1 Government and rirtaes.'] The herb is 
 inflammations therein, but comforts and | under the dominion of the Moon, and there- 
 strengthens those parts, and also tempers* fore cools and moistens like the former. 
 the heat of urine. Galen advises old men * The leaves and flowers of the Water Lilies 
 to use it with spice; and where spices are | are cold and moist, but the roots and seeds 
 wanting, to add Mints, Rochet, and such are cold and dry; the leaves do cool ail 
 like hot herbs, or else Cilron Lemon, or j inflammations, both outward and inward 
 Orange seeds, la abate the cold of one and \ heat of agues ; and so doth the flowers 
 heat of the other. The seed and distilled j also, either by the syrup or conserve; 
 water of the Lettuce work the same effects ( the syrup helps much to procure rest, 
 in all things; but the use of Lettuce is j and to settle the brain of frantic per- 
 chiefly fo r bidden to those thai are short- ; sons, by cooling the hot distemperature 
 winded, or have any imperfection in the! of the head. The seed as well as the root 
 Jungs, or spit blood. ; is effectual to slay fluxes of blood or 
 
 * humours, either of wounds or of the belly ; 
 
 WATER LILY. ., J - f 
 
 but the roots are most used, and more ef- 
 
 ()( these there are two principally noted 
 
 factual to cool, bind, and restrain all fluxes 
 
 hinds, r/:. the White and the Yellow. 1 in man or woman. The root is likewise 
 
 Descript.] The White Lily has very j very good for those whose urine is hot and 
 large and thick dark green leaves lying on j sharp, to be boiled in wine and water, and 
 the water, sustained by long and thick j the decoction drank. The distilled water 
 foot-stalks, that arise from a great, thick, \ of the flowers is very effectual for all the 
 round, and long tuberous black root j diseases aforesaid, both inwardly taken, 
 spongy or loose, with many knobs thereon, i and outwardly applied ; and is much com 
 green on the outside, but as white as snow \ mended to take away freckles, spots, smi- 
 within, consisting of divers rows of long! burn, and morphew from the face, or otlut 
 and somewhat thick and narrow leaves, j parts of the body. The oil made of the 
 smaller and thinner the more inward they J flowers, as oil of Roses is made, is profitably 
 be, encompassing a head with many yel-lused to cool hot tumours, and to ease the 
 low threads or thrums in the middle; where, i pains, and help the sores, 
 after they arc past, stand round Poppy-like i 
 
 , ,.,, ,. ,' ', -, , , LILY OF THE VALLEY. 
 
 heads, lull or broad oily and bitter seed. 
 
 The yellow kind is little different from \ CALLED also Conval Lily, Male Lily, 
 /he former, save only that it has fewer i and Lily Confancy. 
 
 leaves on the flowers, greater and morej Descrii>t.~] The root is small, and creeps 
 
 shining seed, and a whitish root, both with- j far in the ground, as grass roots do. The 
 
 n and without. The root of both is some- j leaves arc many, against which rises up u 
 
 \iat sweet in taste. \ stalk half a foot high, with many white 
 
 Place] They are found growing in \ flowers, like little bells with turned edges 
 
106 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 of a strong, though pleasing smell; the; birth. The root roasted, and mixed with a 
 
 * iLJ I ^_J % 
 
 beriies are red, not much unlike those of 
 Asparagus. 
 
 Placed] They grow plentifully upon 
 Hampstead-Heath, and many other places 
 in this nation. 
 
 little hog's grease, makes a gallant poultice 
 to lipen and break plague-sores. The 
 ointment is excellently good for swellings 
 in the privities, and will cure burnings and 
 scaldings without a scar, and trimly deck a 
 
 Time.'] They flower in May, and the blank place with hair. 
 
 seed is ripe in September. 
 
 /-. , T T.. j u LIQUORICE. 
 
 (jovemment ana virtues.] It is under thej 
 
 dominion of Mercury, and therefore it; Descript.] OUR English Liquorice rises 
 strengthens the brain, recruits a weak up with divers woody slalks, whereon are 
 memory, and makes it strong again : The I set at several distances many narrow, long, 
 distilled water dropped into the eyes, helps I green leaves, set together on both sides of 
 inflammations there ; as also that infirmity ; the stalk, and an odd one at the end, very 
 which they call a pin and web. The spirit ; well resembling a young ash tree sprung up 
 of the flowers distilled in wine, restores lost 5 from the seed. This by many years con- 
 speech, helps the palsy, and is excellently I tinuance in a place without removing, and 
 good in the apoplexy, comforts the heart j not else, will bring forth flowers, many 
 and vital spirits. Gerrard saith, that the -standing together spike fashion, one above 
 tlowers being close stopped up in a glass, J another upon the stalk, of the form of pease 
 >ut into an ant-hill, and taken away again \ blossoms, but of a very pale blue colour, 
 a month after, ye shall find a liquor in the | which turn into long, somewhat flat and 
 glass, which, being outwardly applied, helps I smooth cods, wherein is contained a small., 
 the gout. ground, hard seed : The roots run down ex- 
 
 jceeding deep into die ground, with divers 
 j other small roots and fibres growing with 
 
 IT were in vain to describe a plant so I them, and shoot out suckers from the main 
 commonly known in every one's garden ; | roots all about, whereby it is much increas- 
 therefore I shall not tell you what they are, Jed, of a brownish colour on the outside, 
 but what they are good for. sand yellow within. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] They are under; Place."] It is planted in fields and gar- 
 the dominion of the Moon, and by anti- j dens, in divers places of this land, and 
 pathy to Mars expel poison ; they are ex- j thereof good profit is made, 
 cellently good in pestilential fevers, the- Government and virtues.'] It is under the 
 roots being bruised and boiled in wine, and I dominion of Mercury. Liquorice boiled 
 the decoction drank ; for it expels the > in fair water, with some Maiden-hair and 
 venom to the exterior parts of the body : j figs, makes a good drink for those that have 
 The juice of it being tempered with barley j a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or 
 meal, baked, and so eaten for ordinary > shortness of breath, and for all the griefs ol 
 bread, is an excellent cure for the dropsy : 5 the breast and lungs, phthisic or consump- 
 An ointment made of the root, and hog's jtions caused by the distillation of sail 
 grease, is excellently good for scald heads, ! humours on them. It is also good in all 
 unites the sinews when they are cut, and \ pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat 
 cleanses ulcers. The root -boiled in any; of urine: The fine powder of Liquorice 
 convenient decoction, gives speedy delivery j blown through a quill into the eyes that 
 to women in travail, and expels the after- ; have a j>in and web (as they call it) 01 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 1C? 
 
 rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse; to tne tops into great and long branches, 
 and help them. The juice of Liquorice is|on all which, at the joints, there grow long 
 as effectual in all the diseases of the breast j and narrow leaves, but broader below, and 
 and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the | usually two at a joint, yet sometimes three 
 decoction. The juice distilled in Rose- i or four, somewhat like willow leaves, smooth 
 water, with some Gum Tragacanth, is a fine: on the edges, and of a fair green colour 
 licking medicine for hoarseness, wheez- ; from the upper joints of the branches, and 
 ing, &c. j at the tops of them also stand many yellow 
 
 J flowers of five leaves a-piece, with divers 
 
 LIVERWORT. * 11 i --171 i,- U 
 
 j yellow threads in the middle, Avhich turn 
 
 THERE are, according to some botanists, \inlo small round heads, containing small 
 Upwards of three hundred different kinds \ cornered seeds : the root creeps under 
 of Liverwort. : ground, almost like coughgrass, but greater, 
 
 DescriptJ] Common Liverwort grows ; and shoots up every Spring brownish heads 
 close, and spreads much upon the ground 1 which afterwards grow up into stalks. It 
 in moist and shadv places, with many small has no scent or taste, and is only astringent 
 green leaves, or rather (as it were) sticking < Placed] It grows in many places of the 
 flat to one another, very unevenly cut in on \ land in moist meadows, and by water sides, 
 the edges, and crumpled; from among j Time.~\ It flowers from June to August, 
 which arise small slender stalks, an inch or $ Government and virtues^] This herb is 
 two high at most, bearing small star-like j good for all manner of bleeding at the 
 flowers at the top ; the roots are very fine; mouth, nose, or wounds, and all fluxes of 
 and small. i the belly, and the bloody-flux, given either 
 
 Government and virtues."] It is under thej to drink or taken by clysters; it stays also 
 dominion of Jupiter, and under the sign I the abundance of women's courses ; it is a 
 Cancer. It is a singularly good herb for; singular good wound-herb for green wounds, 
 all the diseases of the liver, both to cool i to stay the bleeding, and quickly close 
 and cleanse it, and helps the inflammations ; together the lips of the wound, if the herb 
 in any part, and the yellow jaundice like- ; be bruised, and the juice only applied. It 
 wise. Being bruised and boiled in small ' is often used in gargles for sore mouths, as 
 beer, and drank, it cools the heat of the | also for the secret parts. The smoak here- 
 liver and kidneys, and helps the running oft of being bruised, drives away flies and 
 the reins in men, and the whites in women ; | gnats, which in the night time molest people 
 it is a singular remedy to stay the spreading } inhabiting near marshes, and in the fenny 
 of tetters, ringworms, and other fretting and j countries, 
 running sores and scabs, and is an excellent : 
 
 remedy for such whose livers are corrupted ! LOOSESTRIFE ' WITH SPIKED HEADS OF 
 by surfeits, which cause their bodies to 
 
 break out, for it fortifies the liver exceed- j IT is likewise called Grass-polly. 
 ingly, and makes it impregnable. Dcscript.'] This grows with many woody 
 
 LOOSESTRIFE OR WILLOW-HERB. ! J^ 1 ?. f^', ^ rf J inte about three 
 
 * feet high at least ; at every one whereof 
 
 J)escript.~] COMMON yellow Loosestrife \ stand two long leaves, shorter, narrower, 
 grows to be four or five feet high, or more, i and a greener colour than the former, 
 with great round stalks, a little crested, i and some brownish. The stalks are branched 
 diversly branched from the middle of them i,into many long stems of spiked flowers half 
 
 v r 
 
108 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 a fool long, growing in bundles one above } the place covered with a linen cloth doubled 
 Another, out of small husks, very like the: and anointed with the ointment; and this 
 spiked heads of Lavender, each of which j is also an approved medicine. It likewise 
 flowers have five round-pointed leaves of a \ cleanses and heals all foul ulcers, and sores 
 purple violet colour, or somewhat inclining; whatsoever, and stays their inflammations 
 to redness ; in which husks stand small j by washing them with the water, and lay- 
 round heads after the flowers are fallen, f ing on them a green leaf or two in the 
 wherein is contained small seed. The root i Summer, or dry leaves in the Winter. This 
 creeps under ground like unto the yellow, I water, gargled warm in the mouth, and 
 but is greater than it, and so are the heads ] sometimes drank also, doth cure the quinsy, 
 of the leaves when they first appear out of lor king's evil in the throat. The said 
 the ground, and more brown than the I water applied warm, takes away all spots, 
 other. | marks, and scabs in the skin ; and a little 
 
 P/ace.] It grows usually by rivers, and of it drank, quenches thirst when it is ex- 
 ditch-sides in wet ground, as about the treme. 
 ditches at and near Lambeth, and in many LOVAGE. 
 
 places of this land. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in the months of June 1 Descnpt.] IT has many long and green 
 and July. stalks of large winged leaves, divided into 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is an herb i 
 of the Moon, and under the sign Cancer;; 
 
 many parts, like Smallage, but much larger 
 and greater, every leaf being cut about the 
 
 neither do I know a better preserver of the j edges, broadest forward, and smallest at the 
 sight when it is well, nor a better cure for {stalk, of a sad green colour, smooth and 
 sore eyes than Eyebright, taken inwardly, j shining; from among which rise up sundry 
 and this used outwardly; it is cold in quality, {strong, hollow green stalks, five or six. 
 This herb is nothing inferior to the for- \ sometimes seven or eight feet high, full of 
 mer, it having not only all the virtues which \ joints, but lesser leaves set on them than 
 the former hath, but more peculiar virtues J grow below; and with them towards the 
 of its own, found out by experience ; as, i tops come forth large branches, bearing at 
 namely, The distilled water is a .present their tops large umbels of yellow flowers, 
 remedy for hurts and blows on the eyes, land after them flat brownish seed. Ihe 
 and for blindness, so as the Christalline ! roots grow thick, great and deep, spreading 
 humours be not perished or hurt ; and this j much, and enduring long, of a brownish 
 hath been sufficiently proved true by the! colour on the outside, and whitish within, 
 experience of a man of judgment, who kept! The whole plant and every part of it smell- 
 it long to himself as 'a great secret. It! ing strong, and aromatically, and is of a 
 clearslhe eyes of dust, or any thing gotten I hot, sharp, biting taste, 
 into them, and preserves the sight. It is j Place.'] It is usually planted in gardens, 
 also very available against wounds and | where, if it be suffered, it grows huge and 
 thrusts, being tnade into an ointment in j great. 
 
 this manner: To every ounce of the water,! Time.'] It flowers in the end of July, 
 add two drams of May butter without salt, ; and seeds in August. 
 
 and of sugar and wax, of each as much j Government and virtues.'] It is an herb 
 also; let them boil gently together. Let j of the Sun, under the sign Taurus, 
 tents dipped into the liquor that remains j Saturn offend the throat (as he always doth 
 after it is cold, be put into the wounds, and i if he be occasioner of the malady, and m 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 109 
 
 Taurus is the Genesis) this is your cure. I is an excellent remedy boiled in beer for 
 It opens, cures and digests humours, and j broken-winded horses, 
 mightily provokes women's courses and \ 
 
 TT if i c *i_ J J ? MADDER. 
 
 urine. Half a dram at a time of the dried ; 
 
 root in powder taken in wine, doth wonder- * Descript."] GARDEN" Madder shoots 
 fully warm a cold stomach, helps digestion, | forth many very long, weak, four-square, 
 and consumes all raw and superfluous * reddish stalks, trailing on the ground a 
 moisture therein ; eases all inward gripings ^ great way, very rough or hairy, and full of 
 and pains, dissolves wind, and resists poison i joints: At every one of these joints come 
 and infection. It is a known and much > forth divers long and narrow leaves, stand- 
 praised remedy to drink the decoction of j ing like a star about the stalks, round also 
 the herb for any sort of ague, and to help j and hairy, towards the tops whereof come 
 the pains and torments of the body and I forth many small pale yellow flowers, after 
 bowels coming of cold. The seed is effec-j which come small roundheads, green at 
 tual to all the purposes aforesaid (except j first, and reddish afterwards, but black 
 r.he last) and works more powerfully. The \ when they are ripe, wherein is contained 
 distilled water of the herb helps the quinsy } the seed. The root is not very great, but 
 in the throat, if the rnouth and throat be I exceeding long, running down half a man's 
 gargled and washed therewith, and helps $ length into the ground, red and very clear, 
 the pleurisy, being drank three or four j while it is fresh, spreading divers ways, 
 times. Being dropped into the eyes, itj Placed] It is only manured in gardens, 
 takes away the redness or dimness of them ; ! or larger fields, for the profit that is made 
 it likewise takes away spots or freckles in thereof. 
 
 the face. The leaves bruised, and fried 
 with a little hog's lard, and put hot to any 
 blotch or boil, will quickly break it. 
 
 Time.~\ It flowers towards the end of 
 Summer, and the seed is ripe quickly after. 
 Government and virtues. ~] It is an herb of 
 
 LUNGWORT. jMars. It hath an opening quality, and 
 
 J afterwards to bind and strengthen. It is a' 
 Descript.'] THIS is a kind of moss, that; sure remedy for the yellow jaundice, by 
 
 grows on sundry sorts of trees, especially 
 oaks and beeches, with broad, greyish, 
 tough leaves diversly folded, crumpled, and 
 gashed in on the edges, and some spotted 
 
 opening the obstructions of the liver and 
 gall, arid cleansing those parts ; it opens 
 also the obstructions of the spleen, and 
 diminishes the melancholy humour. It is 
 
 also with many small spots on the upper- ' available for the palsy and sciatica, and 
 side. It was never seen to bear any stalk | effectual for bruises inward and outward, 
 or flower at any time. land is therefore much used in vulnerary 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Jupiter seems I drinks. The root for all those aforesaid 
 \:o own this herb. It is of great use to ; purposes, is to be boiled in wine or water, 
 physicians to help the diseases of the lungs, i as the cause requires, and some honey ami 
 and for coughs, wheezings, and shor tness of ; sugar put thereunto afterwards. The seed 
 breath, which it cures both in man and | hereof taken in vinegar and honey, helps 
 beast. It is very profitable to put into j the swelling and hardness of the spleen, 
 lotions that are taken to stay the moist | The decoction of the leaves and branches 
 humours that flow to ulcers, and hinder! is a good fomentation for women that have 
 their healing, as also to wash all other ulcers! not their courses. The leaves and roots 
 in the privy parts of a man or woman. It | beaten and applied to any part that is dis- 
 
110 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 coloured with freckles, morphew, the white { with the cough, shortness of breath, the 
 
 scurf, or any such deformity of the skin, | yellow jaundice, diseases of the spleen, 
 
 cleanses thoroughly, and takes them away. ; stopping of urine, and helps exceedingly to 
 
 . J break the stone in the kidneys, (in all which 
 
 MAIl).hJN JH.A1K. \ ,. , -f, T ,, T> . i . /v. 
 
 \ diseases the Wall Rue is also very effectual.) 
 
 ~Descnpt.~\ OUR common Maiden-Hair I It provokes women's courses, and stays 
 doth, from a number of hard black fibres, j "both bleedings and fluxes of the stomach 
 send forth a great many blackish shining ! and belly, especially when the herb is dry; 
 brittle stalks, hardly a span long, in many j for being green, it loosens the belly, and 
 not half so long, on each side set very thick j voids choler and phlegm from the stomach 
 with small, round, dark green leaves, and j and liver ; it cleanses the lungs, and by 
 spitted on the back.of them like a fern. ; rectifying the blood, causes a good colour 
 Place.] It grows upon old stone walls in * to the whole body. The herb boiled in oil 
 
 and shady places, and is always green. j head from scurf, and from dry and running 
 
 WALL RUE, OR, WHITE MAIDEN-HAIR, f^ 8 ' st ^ s the falling or shedding of the 
 
 j hair, and causes it to grow thick, fair, and 
 
 Descript.] THIS has very fine, pale green j well coloured; for which purpose some 
 stalks, almost as fine as hairs, set confusedly j boil it in wine, putting some Smallage seed 
 with divers pale green leaves on every short j thereto, and afterwards some oil. The 
 foot stalk, somewhat near unto the colour j Wall Rue is as effectual as Maiden-Hair, 
 of garden Rue, and not much differing in ; in all diseases of the head, or falling and 
 form but more diversly cut in on the edges, j recovering of the hair again, and generally 
 and thicker, smooth on the upper part, j for all the aforementioned diseases : And 
 and spotted finely underneath. ; besides, the powder of it taken in drink for 
 
 Placed] It grows in many places of this I forty days together, helps the burstings in 
 land, at Dartford, and the bridge at Ash- j children, 
 ford in Kent, at Beaconsfield in Bucking- j 
 
 hamshire, at Wolly in Huntingtonshire, on j GOLDEN MAIDEN HAIR 
 
 Framlingham Castle in Suffolk, on the j To the former give me leave to add this, 
 church walls at Mayfield in Sussex, in and I shall say no more but only describe 
 Somersetshire, and divers other places of; it to you, and for the virtues refer you to 
 this land ; and is green in Winter as well as j the former, since whatever is said of them, 
 Summer. | may be also said of this. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Both this and \ Dexcript] It has many small, brownish, 
 the former are under the dominion of i red hairs, to make up the form of leaves 
 Mercury, and so is that also which follows i growing about the ground from the root; 
 after, and the virtue of both are so near j and in the middle of them, in Summer, rise 
 alike, that though I have described them j small stalks of the same colour, set with very 
 and their places of growing severally, yet : fine yellowish green hairs on them, and 
 I shall in writing the virtues of them, join : bearing a small gold, yellow head, less 
 them both together as follows. : than a wheat corn, standing in a great 
 
 The decoction of the herb Maiden-Hair \ husk. The root is very small and thready, 
 being drank, helps those that are troubled i Place.] It grows in bogs and moorish 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 111 
 
 places, and also on dry shady places, as: 
 
 to those purposes. The same used by 
 
 Hampstead Heaih, and elsewhere. { nurses procures them store of milk. The 
 
 i decoction of the seed of any of the common 
 
 MALLOWS AND M ARSIIMALLOWS. S iv/r 11 j -11 j *i 
 
 J Mallows made in milk or wine, doth mar- 
 
 COMMON Mallows are generally so well f vellously help excoriations, the phthisic, 
 known tha,, they need no description. jj pleurisy, and other diseases of the chest and 
 
 Our common Marginal lows have divers | lungs, that proceed of hot causes, if it be 
 soft hairy white stalks, rising to be three or \ continued taking for some time together, 
 four feet high, spreading forth many \ The leaves and roots work the same effects, 
 branches the leaves whereof are soft and j They help much also in the excoriations of 
 hairy, somewhat less than the other Mallow * the bowels, and hardness of the mother, 
 leaves, but longer pointed, cut (for the most | and in all hot and sharp diseases thereof, 
 part) into some few divisions, but deep, j The juice drank in wine, or the decoction 
 The flowers are many, but smaller also than 5 of them therein, do help women to a speedy 
 the other Mallows, and white, or tending to? and easy delivery. Pliny saith, that who- 
 a bluish colour. After which come such i soever takes a spoonful of any of the Mai- 
 long, lound cases and seeds, as in the others lows, shall that day be free from all diseases 
 Mallows. The roots are many and long, > that may come unto him ; and that it is 
 shooting from one head, of the bigness of a ; especially good for the falling-sickness. The 
 thumb or finger, very pliant, tough, and j syrup also and conserve made of the flowers, 
 being like liquorice, of a whitish yellow j are very effectual for the same diseases, 
 colour on the outside, and more whitish \ and to open the body, being costive. The 
 within, full of a slimy juice, which being ' leaves bruised, and laid to the eyes with 
 laid in water, will thicken, as if it werea'a little honey, take away the imposthuma- 
 jelly. \ tions of them. The leaves bruised or rubbed 
 
 P/erce.] The common Mallows grow in |upon any place stung with bees, wasps, or 
 every county of this land. The common ! the like, presently take away the pain, 
 Marsh-mallows in most of the salt marshes, j red ness, arid swelling that rise thereupon, 
 from Woolwich down to the sea, both on \ And Dioscorides saith, The decoction of 
 the Kentish and Essex shores, and in divers the roots arid leaves helps all sorts of poison, 
 other places of this land. J so as the poison be presently voided by 
 
 Time.'] They flower all the Summer | vomit. A poultice made of the leaves 
 months, even until the Winter do pull them > boiled and bruised, with some bean or bar- 
 
 Fdown. * ley flower, and oil of Roses added, is an 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Venus owns j especial remedy against all hard tumours 
 them both. The leaves of either of the land inflammations, or imposthumes, or 
 sorts, both specified, and the roots also) swellings of the privities, and other parts, 
 boiled in wine or water, or in broth with land eases the pains of them; as also against 
 Parsley or Fennel roots, do help to open the ,' the hardness of the liver or spleen, being 
 body, and are very convenient in hot agues, i applied to the places. The juice of Maj- 
 or other distempers of the body, to apply | lows boiled in old oil and applied, takes 
 the leaves so boiled warm to the belly. It | away all roughness of the skin, as also the 
 not only voids hot, choleric, and other j scurf, dandriff, or dry scabs in the head, or 
 offensive humours, but eases the pains and i other parts, if they be anointed therewith, 
 torments of the belly coming thereby ; and ; or washed with the decoction, and preserves 
 are therefore used in all clysters conducing \ the hair from falling off. It is also effec- 
 
 G G 
 
lie THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 tual against scaldings and burnings, St. drink, to those that are wounded, and read 
 
 Anthony's fire, and all other hot, red, and 
 painful swellings in any part of the body. 
 
 to faint through loss of blood, and applied 
 the same, mixed with honey and rosin, to 
 
 The flowers boiled in oil or water (as every j the wounds. As also, the roots boiled in 
 one is disposed) whereunto a little honey \ wine to those that have received any hurt 
 and allum is put, is an excellent gargle to j by bruises, falls, or blows, or had any bone 
 \vash, cleanse or heal any sore mouth on or member out of joint, or any swelling- 
 throat in a short space. If the feet be! pain, .or ache in the muscles, sinews or 
 bathed or washed with the decoction of the ! arteries. The muscilage of the roots, and of 
 leaves, roots, and flowers, it helps much! Linseed and Fenugreek put together, is much 
 the defluxions of rheum from the head ; ! used in poultices, ointments, and plaisters, 
 if the head be washed therewith, it stays j to molify and digest all hard swellings, and 
 the falling and shedding of the hair. The j the inflammation of them, and to ease pains 
 green leaves (saith Pliny) beaten with ^ in any part of the body. The seed either 
 nitre, and applied, draw out thorns or \ green or dry, mixed with vinegar, cleanses 
 prickles in the flesh, j the skin of morphew, and all other dis- 
 
 The Marshmallows are more effectual in ! colour' being boiled therewith in the 
 all the diseases before mentioned : The 
 leaves are likewise used to loosen the belly 
 gently, and in decoctions or clysters to ease 
 
 Sun. 
 
 You may remember that not long since 
 there was a raging disease called the bloody- 
 
 all pains of the body, opening the strait! flux; the college of physicians not knowing 
 passages, and making them slippe'ry, where- 1 what to make of it, called it the inside 
 by the stone may descend the more easily \ plague, for their wits were at Ne plus ultra 
 
 and without pain, out of the reins, kidneys, 
 and bladder, and to ease the torturing pains 
 
 about it : My son was taken with the same 
 disease, and the excoriation of his bowels 
 
 thereof. But the roots are of more special i was exceeding great; myself being in the 
 use for those purposes, as well for coughs, ] country, was sent for up, the only thing 
 hoarseness, shortness of breath and wheez- j 1 gave him, was Mallows bruised and 
 ings, being boiled in wine, or honeyed ! boiled both in milk and drink, in two days 
 water, and drank. The roots and seeds i (the blessing of God being upon it) it cured 
 hereof boiled in wine or water, are with | him. And I here, to shjew my thankful- 
 good success used by them that have ex- 1 ness to God, in communicating it to his 
 coriations in the bowels, or the bloody flux, f creatures, leave it to posterity 
 by qualifying the violence of sharp fretting i 
 
 ,, , i ] .1 & MAPI.E TREE. 
 
 humours, easing the pains, and healing thej 
 
 soreness. It is profitably taken by them j Government and virtues^] IT is under the 
 that are troubled with ruptures, cramps, or; dominion of Jupiter. The decoction either 
 convulsions of the sinews ; and boiled in j of the leaves or bark, must needs strengthen 
 white wine, for the imposthumes by the $ the liver much, and so you shall find it to 
 throat, commonly called the king's evil, and \ do, if you use it. It is excellently good to 
 of those kernels that rise behind the ears, } open obstructions both of the liver and 
 and inflammations or swellings in women's j spleen, and eases pains of the sides thence 
 breasts. The dried roots boiled in milk j proceeding. * 
 and drank, is especially good for the chin- 1 
 
 \V^ T 1ST "O AT AT? T O I? A 1W 
 
 cough. Hippocrates used to give the de-' 
 
 'x>ction of the roots, or the juice thereof, to* CALLED also Origanum, Eastward Mar- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. Uo 
 
 joram; Wild Marjoram, and Grove Mar-? dry places of this land; but it is not ray 
 joram. j purpose to insist upon them. The garden 
 
 Dfscripi.'] Wild or field Marjoram hath kinds being most used and useful, 
 a root which creeps much under ground,! Time.~] They flower in the end of Summer, 
 which continues a long time, sending up j Government and virtues^] It is an herb of 
 sundry-brownish, hard, square stalks, with | Mercury, and under Aries, and therefore is 
 smalt dark green leaves, very like those of$an excellent remedy for the brain and other 
 Sweet Marjoram, but harder, and some- j parts of the body and mind, under the do- 
 what broader; at the top of the stalks stand minion of the same planet. Our common 
 tufts of flowers, of a deep purplish red { Sweet Marjoram is warming and comfor- 
 colour. The seed is small and something ! table in cold diseases of the head, stomach, 
 blacker than that of Sweet Marjoram, $ sinews, and other parts, taken inwardly, or 
 
 Place.'] It grows plentifully in the bor- \ outwardly applied. The decoction thereof 
 ders of corn fields, and in some copses. \ being drank, helps all diseases of the chest 
 
 Time.'] It flowers towards the latter end j which hinder the freeness of breathing, and 
 of the Summer. ! is also profitable for the obstructions of the 
 
 Government and virtues.'] This is also i liver and spleen. It helps the cold griefs 
 under the dominion of Mercury. It i of the womb, and the windiness thereof, and 
 
 strengthens the stomach and head much, i 
 there being scarce a better remedy growing; 
 
 the loss of speech, by resolution of the 
 tongue. The decoction thereof made with 
 
 for such as are troubled with a sour humour 1 some Pellitory of Spain, and long Pepper, 
 in the stomach; it restores the appetite > or with a little Acorns or Origanum, being 
 being lost ; helps the cough, and consump- 1 drank, is good for those that cannot make 
 lion of the lungs; it cleanses the body of {water, and against pains and torments in 
 choler, expels poison, and remedies the in- j the belly; it provokes women's courses, if 
 firmities of the spleen ; helps the failings of|it be used as a pessary. r Being made into 
 venomous beasts, and helps such as have | powder, and mixed with honey, it takes 
 poisoned themselves by eating Hemlock, | away the black marks of blows, and bruises, 
 
 Henbane, or Opium. It provokes urine and 
 
 being thereunto applied ; it is good for the 
 
 the terms in women, helps the dropsy, and i inflammations and watering of the eyes, 
 the scurvy, scabs, itch, and yellow jaun-5 being mixed with fine flour, and laid unto 
 dice. The juice being dropped into the! them. The juice dropped into the ears, 
 ears, helps deafness, pain and noise in the I eases the pains and singing noise in them, 
 ears. And thus much for this herb, be- 1 It is profitably put into those ointments 
 i-ween which and adders, there is a deadly land salves that are warm, and comfort the 
 antipathy. \ outward parts, as the joints and sinews ; 
 
 SWEET MARJORAM $ f T SWellln g S als ' alld P laC6S Ollt f J int ' 
 
 o w , .t, l Jll A It J U It A M. * m i 1.1 f /v i .1 
 
 { The powder thereof snurred up into the nose 
 
 SWEET Marjoram is so well known, provokes sneezing, and thereby purges the 
 being an inhabitant in every garden, that it | brain ; and chewed in the mouth, draws 
 is needless to write any description thereof, | forth much phlegm. The oil made thereof, 
 neither of the Winter Sweet Marjoram, orhs very warm and comfortable to the joints 
 Pot Marjoram. j that are stiff, and the sinews that are hard, 
 
 Place.] They grow commonly in gar itornolify and supple them. Marjoram is 
 dens; ^some sorts grow wild in the bor- j much used in all odoriferous water, pow- 
 ers of corn fields and pastures, ia M. n-i ders, &c. thatare for ornament or delight- 
 
114 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 MARIGOLDS I***** d Wn deeP '" ^ ? rOUncl > 
 
 forth sundry heads, which taslc sharp, 
 
 THESE being so plentiful in every gar- biting on the tongue, and is the hottest and 
 den, and so well known that they need no j sharpest part of the plant, and the seed 
 description. tnext unto it being somewhat blackish on 
 
 Time.'] They flower all the Summer i the outside, and smelling well. 
 long, and sometimes in Winter, if it be i Place.'] It is usually kept in gardens with 
 mild. { us in England. 
 
 Government and virti/es.~] It is an herb! Time.'] It flowers and seeds about the 
 of the Sun, and under Leo. They strengthen \ end of August. 
 
 the heart exceedingly, and are very ex- i Government find rirtues.~] It is an herb of 
 pulsive, and a little less effectual in the small- j Mars. The root of Masterwort is hotter 
 pox and measles than saffron. The juice \ than pepper, and very available in cold 
 of Mangold leaves mixed with vinegar, and | griefs and diseases both of ihe stomach and 
 any not swelling bathed with it, instantly j body, dissolving very powerfully upwards 
 gives ease, and assuages it. The flowers, ; and downwards. It is also used in a de- 
 either green or dried, are much used in j coction with wine against all cold rheums, 
 possets, broths, and drink, as a comforter | distillations upon the lungs, or shortness of 
 of the heart and spirits, and to expel any \ breath, to be taken morning and evening. 
 malignant or pestilential quality which i It also provokes urine, and helps to break 
 might annoy them. A plaister made with !the stone, and expel the gravel from the 
 the dry flowers in powder, hog's-grease, \ kidneys ; provokes women's courses, and 
 turpentine, and rosin, applied to the breast, i expels the dead birth. It is singularly good 
 strengthens and succours the heart infi- * for strangling of the mother, and other such 
 nitely in fevers, whether pestilential or not. Hike feminine diseases. It is effectual also 
 
 \ against the dropsy, cramps, and falling 
 \ sickness ; for the decoction in wine being 
 
 Descript.~\ COMMON Maslerwort has gargled in the mouth, draws down much 
 divers stalks of winged leaves divided into | water and phlegm, from the brain, purging 
 sundry parts, three for the most part stand- i and easing it of what oppresses it. It is of 
 ing together at a small foot-stalk on both 1 a rare quality against all sorts of cold poi- 
 sides of the greater, and three likewise at ] son, to be taken as there is cause; it pio- 
 the end of the stalk, somewhat broad, and j vokes sweat. But lest the taste hereof, or 
 cut in on the edges into three or more j of the seed (which works to the like effect, 
 divisions, all of them dented about the! though not so powerfully) should be too 
 brims, of a dark green colour, somewhat | offensive, the best way is to take the water 
 resembling the leaves of Angelica, but that! distilled both from the herb and root. The 
 these grow lower to the ground, and on ; juice hereof dropped, or tents dipped there- 
 lesser stalks; among which rise up two or|in, and applied either to green wounds or 
 three short stalks about two feet high, and \ filthy rotten ulcers, and those that come by 
 slender, with such like leaves at the joints! envenomed weapons, doth soon cleanse 
 which grow below, but with lesser and fewer j and heal them. The same is also very good 
 divisions, bearing umbels of white flowers, i to help the gout coming of a cold cause. 
 and after them thin flat blackish seeds, MAUDLIN. 
 
 bigger than Dill seeds. Ihe root is some- j 
 what greater and growing rather side-ways: Descript.'] COMMON Maudlin hath some- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 115 
 
 what, long and narrow leaves, snipped about j women's minds should run a gadding, 
 the edges. The stalks are two feet high, j Also a plaister made of the fruit dried he- 
 bearing at the tops many yellow flowers set: fore they are rotten, and other convenient 
 round together and all of an equal height, ] things, and applied to the reins of the back, 
 in umbels or tufts like unto tansy ; after ! stops miscarriage in women with child, 
 which follow small whitish seed, almost as j They are powerful to stay any fluxes of 
 big as wormseed. j blood or humours in men or women ; the 
 
 Place and Time.'] It grows in gardens, Heaves also have this quality. The decoc- 
 and flowers in June and July. j tion of them is good to gargle and wash the 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The Virtues } : mouth, throat and teeth, when there is any 
 hereof -being the same with Costrnary or defluxions of blood to stay it, or of humours, 
 Alecost, I shall not make any repetition \ which causes the pains and swellings. It 
 thereof, lest my book grow too big ; but j is a good bath for women, that have their 
 rather refer you to Costmary for satis- ! courses flow too abundant : or for the piles 
 faction. * when they bleed too much. If a poultice 
 
 (or plaister be made with dried medlars, 
 | beaten and mixed with the juice of red 
 
 Descript.'] THE Tree grows near the roses, whereunto a few cloves and nutmegs 
 bigness of the Quince Tree, spreading j may be added, and a little red coral also, 
 branches reasonably large, with longer and j and applred to the stomach that is given to 
 narrower leaves than either the apple or 5 casting or loathing of meat, it effectually 
 quince, and not dented about the edges. I helps. The dried leaves in powder strewed 
 At the end of the sprigs stand the flowers, j on fresh bleeding wounds restrains the 
 made of five white, great, broad-pointed ; blood, and heals up the wound quickly, 
 leaves, nicked in the middle with some | The medlar-stones made into powder, and 
 white threads also; after which comes the ; drank in wine, wherein some Parsley-roots 
 fruit, of a brownish green colour, being ripe, | have lain infused all night, or a little boiled, 
 bearing a crown as it were on the top, j do break the stone in the kidneys, helping 
 which were the five green leaves ; and ; to expel it. 
 being rubbed off, or fallen away, the head i 
 
 of the fruit is seen to be somewhat hollow, j MELLILOT, OR KING s CLAVLR. 
 The fruit is very harsh before it is mellowed, ; Descript.'] THIS hath many green stalks, 
 and has usually five hard kernels within it. ', two or three feet high, rising from a tough, 
 There is another kind hereof nothing dif- j long, while root, which dies not every 
 fering from the former, but that it hath some : year, set round about at the joints with 
 thorns on it in several places, which the i small and somewhat long, well-smelling 
 other hath not ; and usually the fruit is | leaves, set three together, unevently dented 
 small, and not so pleasant. j about the edges. The flowers are yellow, 
 
 Time and Placed] They grow in this \ and well-smelling also, made like other 
 hurl, and flower in May for the most part, j trefoil, but small, standing in long spikes 
 and bear fruit in September and October. ; one above another, for an hand breath long 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The fruit is old ; or better, which afterwards turn into long 
 Saturn's, and sure a better medicine he > crooked pods, wherein is contained flat seed, 
 hardly hath to strengthen the retentive j somewhat brown. 
 
 faculty ; therefore it stays Avomen's long- \ Place.'] It grows plentifully in_ many 
 ings : The good old man cannot endure ; places of 
 
 this land, as in the edge of Suffolk 
 
 H H 
 
110 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and in Essex, as also in Huntingdonshire, male Mercury two small, round green 
 and in other places, but most usually in : heads, standing together upon a short 
 corn fields, in corners of meadows. foot stalk, which growing ripe, are seeds, 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers in June and July, and 
 is lipe quickly after. 
 
 not having flowers. The female stalk is 
 longer, spike-fashion, set round about with 
 
 Government and virtues?] Melilot, boiled j small green husks, Avhich are the flowers, 
 in wine, and applied, mollifies all hard 5 made small like bunches of grapes, which 
 tumours and inflammations that happen in \ give no seed, but abiding long upon the 
 the eyes, or other parts of the body, and \ stalks without shedding. The root is corn- 
 sometimes the yolk of a roasted egg, or fine | posed of many small fibres, which perishes 
 flour, or poppy seed, or endive, is added j every year at the first approach of Winter, 
 unto it. It helps the spreading ulcers inland rises again of its own sowing; and if 
 the head, it being washed with a lye made j once it is suffered to sow itself, the ground 
 thereof. It helps the pains of the stomach, ; will never want afterwards, even both sorts 
 being applied fresh , or boiled with any of* of it. 
 the aforenamed things; also, the pains of- : 
 the ears, being dropped into them ; and j 
 
 steeped in vinegar, or rose water, it miti-5 HAVING described unto you that which 
 gates the head-ache. The flowers of Melli- ' is called French Mercury, I come now to 
 lot or Camomile are much used to be put j shew you a description of this kind also, 
 together in clysters to expel wind, and ease j Descript."] This is likewise of two kinds, 
 pains; and also in poultices for the same tmaleand Female, having many stalks slender 
 purpose, and to assuage swelling tumours \ and lower than Mercury, without any 
 in the spleen or other parts, and helps in- j branches at all upon them, the root is set 
 
 flammations in any part of the body. The 
 juice dropped into the eyes, is a singularly 
 good medicine to take away the film or 
 
 with two leaves at every joint, somewhat 
 greater than the female, but more pointed 
 and full of veins, and somewhat harder in 
 
 skin that clouds or dimns the eye-sight, j handling : of a dark green colour, and less 
 The head often washed with the distilled | denied or snipped about the edges. At 
 water of the herb and flower, or a lye made : the joints with the leaves come forth longei 
 therewith, is effectual for those that sud- 1 stalks than the former, with two hairy 
 denly lose their senses; as also to strengthen ! round seeds upon them, twice as big as 
 the memory, to comfort the head and brain, > those of the former Mercury. The taste 
 and to preserve them from pain, and the | hereof is herby, and the smell somewhat 
 apoplexy. | strong and virulent. The female has much 
 
 ! harder leaves standing upon longer foot- 
 
 FRENCH AND DOG MERCURY. , ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ j j^. . ^ 
 
 De.icriptJ] THIS rises up with a square i the joints come forth spikes of flowers like 
 green stalk full of joints, two feet high, or \ the French Female Mercury. The roots of 
 thereabouts, with two leaves at every joint, | them both are many, and full of small 
 and the branches likewise from both sides of | fibres Avhich run under ground, and mat 
 the stalk, set with fresh green leaves, some- i themselves very much, not perishing as the 
 what broad and long, about the bigness of! former Mercuries do, but abide the Win- 
 the leaves of Bazil, finely dented about the j ter, and shoot forth new branches every 
 edges ; towards the tops of the stalk and j year, for the old lie down to the ground, 
 branches, come forth at every joint in the j P/oce.] The male and female French 
 
 N 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 117 
 
 Mercury are found wild in divers places of j or the juice rubbed upon warts, takes them 
 this land, as by a village called Brookland j away. The juice mingled with some vine- 
 in Rumney Marsh in Kent. i gar, helps all running scabs, tetters, ring- 
 
 The Dog Mercury in sundry places of { worms, and the itch. Galen saith, that 
 Kent also, and elsewhere; but the female j being applied in manner of a poultice to 
 more seldom than the male. i any swelling or inflammation, it digests the 
 
 TirneJ] They flower in the Summer \ swelling, and allays the inflammation, and 
 months, and therein give their seed. j is therefore given in clysters to evacuate 
 
 Government and virtues^ Mercury, they > from the belly offensive humours. The Dog 
 ^ay, owns the herb, but I rather think it is j Mercury, although it be less used, yet may 
 Venus's, and I am partly confident of it j serve in the same manner, to the same pur- 
 too, for I never heard that Mercury ever | pose, to purge waterish and melancholy 
 minded women's business so much : I > humours, 
 believe he minds his study more. The de- j 
 
 coction of the leaves of Mercury, or the I MINT. 
 
 juice thereof in broth, or drank with a little | 
 
 sugar put to it, purges choleric and waterish j OP all the kinds of Mint, the Spear 
 humours. Hippocrates commended it j Mint, or Heart Mint, being most usual, 
 wonderfully for women's diseases, and ap- j 1 shall only describe as follows : 
 plied to the secret parts, to ease the pains of j Descript.~\ Spear Mint has divers round 
 the mother; and used the decoction of it, i stalks, and long but narrowish leaves set 
 both to procure women's courses, and to \ thereon, of a dark green colour. The 
 expel the after-birth ; and gave the de- 1 flowers stand in spiked heads at the tops 
 coction thereof with myrrh or pepper, or j of the branches, being of a pale blue 
 used to apply the leaves outwardly against 
 the stranguary and diseases of the reins and 
 bladder. He used it also for sore and 
 
 colour. The smell or scent thereof is some- 
 what near unto Bazil ; it encreases by the 
 root under ground as all the others do. 
 
 watering eyes, and for the deafness and \ Place.] It is an usual inhabitant in gar- 
 pains in the ears, by dropping the juice j dens; and because it seldom gives any 
 thereof into them, and bathing them after- \ good seed, the seed is recompensed by 
 
 ! the plentiful increase of the root, which 
 
 wards in white wine. The decoction there- j 
 of made with water and a cock chicken, is 
 
 being once planted in a garden, will hardly 
 
 a most safe medicine against the hot fits of|be rid out again. 
 
 agues. It also cleanses the breast and lungs | TimeJ] It flowers not until the beginning 
 
 of phlegm, but a little offends the stomach. \ of August, for the most part. 
 
 The juice or distilled water snuffed up into ; Government and virtues.~\ It is an herb 
 
 the nostrils, purges the head and eyes ofjof Venus. Dioscorides saith it hath a 
 
 catarrhs and rheums. Some use to drink j healing, binding and drying quality, and 
 
 two or three ounces of the distilled water, j therefore the juice taken in vinegar, stays 
 
 with a little sugar put to it, in the morning j bleeding : It stirs up venery, or bodily lust; 
 
 fasting, to open and purge the body of 
 
 gross, viscous, and melancholy humours. 
 
 two or three branches thereof taken in the 
 juice of four pomegranates, stays the hic- 
 
 Matthiolus saith, that both the seed of the \ cough, vomiting, and allays the choler. It 
 male and female Mercury boiled with j dissolves imposthumes being laid to with 
 Wormwood and drank, cures the yellowy barley-meal. It is good to repress the 
 jaundice in a speedy manner. The leaves milk injvomen's breasts, and for such as 
 
118 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 have swollen, flagging, or great breasts. { turn to its place, the decoction being gar- 
 Applied with salt, it helps the biting of angled and held in the mouth. 
 
 11 *j.i_ j i i_ j ' i ^r^i_ * M. i*ii ""H7*ii 
 
 mad dog; with mead and honeyed water, 
 it eases the pains of the ears, and takes; 
 
 The virtues of the Wild or Horse Mint, 
 such as grow in ditches (whose description 
 
 away the roughness of the tongue, being i I purposely omitted, in regard they are 
 
 rubbed thereupon. It suffers not milk to 
 curdle in the stomach, if the leaves thereof ; 
 be steeped or boiled in it before you drink 
 it. Briefly it is very profitable to the 
 stomach. The often use hereof is a very 
 powerful medicine to stay women's courses 
 
 well known) are serviceable to dissolve wind 
 in the stomach, to help the cholic, and those 
 that are short-winded, and are an especial 
 remedy for those that have vencral dreams 
 and pollutions in the night, being outwardly 
 applied. The juice dropped into the ears 
 
 and the whites. Applied to the forehead * eases the pains, of them, and destroys the 
 and temples, it eases the pains in the head, worms that breed therein. They are good 
 and is good to wash the heads of young I against the venemous biting of serpents, 
 children therewith, against all manner of 1 The juice laid on warm, helps the king's 
 breakings-out, sores or scabs, therein. It | evil, or kernels in the throat. The decoction 
 
 is also profitable against the poison of ve- 
 nomous creatures. The distilled water of 
 Mint is available to all the purposes afore- 
 said, yet more weakly. But if a spirit 
 thereof be rightly and chymically drawn, 
 it is much more powerful than the herb 
 itself. Simeon Sethi saith, it helps a cold 
 liver, strengthens the belly, causes digestion, 
 stays vomits and hiccough; it is good 
 against the gnawing of the heart, provokes 
 appetite, takes away obstructions of the 
 
 or distilled water helps a stinking breath, 
 proceeding from corruption of the teeth, 
 and snuffed up the nose, purges the head. 
 Pliny saith, that eating of the leaves hath 
 been found by experience to cure the 
 leprosy, applying some of them to the face, 
 and to help the scurf or dandriff of the 
 head used with vinegar. They are extremely 
 bad for wounded people ; and they say a 
 wounded man that eats Mini, his wound 
 will never be cured, and that is a long day. 
 
 liver, and stirs up bodily lust; but therefore 
 
 loo much must not be taken, because it i MISSELTO. 
 
 makes the blood thin and wheyish, and 
 
 turns it into choler, and therefore choleric j Descript.~\ THIS rises up from the branch 
 
 persons must abstain from it. It is a safe \ or arm of ihe'tree whereon it grows, with 
 
 medicine for the biting of a mad dog, being 
 bruised with salt and laid thereon. The 
 powder of it being dried and taken after 
 meat, helps digestion, and those that are 
 plenetic. Taken with wine, it helps women 
 in their sore travail in child-bearing. It is 
 
 a woody stem, putting itself into sundry 
 branches, and they again divided into many 
 other smaller twigs, interlacing themselves 
 one within another, very much covered 
 with a greyish green bark, having two leaves 
 set at every joint, and at the end likewise, 
 
 good against the gravel and stone in the which are somewhat long and narrow, small 
 kidneys, and the stranguary. Being j at the bottom, but broader towards the end. 
 smelled unto, it is comfortable for the head i At the knots or joints of the boughs and 
 and memory. The decoction hereof gar- j branches grow small yellow flowers, which 
 gled in the mouth, cures the gums and i run into small, round, white, transparent 
 mouth that are sore, and mends an ill-: berries, three or four together, full of a 
 savoured breath ; as also the Rue and Cori-i glutinous moisture, with a blackish seed in 
 ander, causes the palate of the mouth to; each of them, Avhich was never yel known 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLAllUEU. Htf 
 
 to spring, being put into the ground, or anyjvrine lees he added thereunto, it works the 
 where else to grow. [stronger. The Missel to itself of the oak 
 
 Place."] It grows very rarely on oaks (as the best) made into powder, and given 
 with us ; but upon sundry others as well i in drink to those that have the falling sick- 
 
 timber as fruit trees, plentifully in woody 
 groves, and the like, through all this land. 
 
 ness, does assuredly heal them, as Matthi- 
 olus saith: but it is fit to use it for forty 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in the Spring-time, ; days together. Some have so highly es- 
 but the berries are not ripe until October, j teemed it for the virtues thereof, that they 
 and abides on the branches all the Winter, I have called it Lignum Sanctue Cruets, Wood 
 unless the blackbirds, and other birds, dojof the Holy Cross, believing it helps the 
 devour them. Hailing sickness, apoplexy and palsy very 
 
 Government and virtues."} This is under speedily, not only to be inwardly taken, but 
 the dominion of the Sun, I do not question ;> to be hung at their neck. Tragus saith, 
 and can also take for granted, that which ;' that the fresh wood of any Misselto bruised, 
 
 grows upon oaks, participates something of 
 the nature of Jupiter, because an oak is one 
 of his trees ; as also that which grows upon 
 
 and the juice drawn forth and dropped in 
 the ears that have imposthurnes in them, 
 doth help and ease them within a few days. 
 
 pear trees, and apple trees, participates ; 
 
 c 1 , 5 MONEYWORT, OR HERB TWOPENCE 
 
 something or his nature, because he lules; 
 
 the tree it grows upon, having no root of j DescriptJ] THE common Moneywort 
 its own. But why that should have most: sends forth from a small thready root divers 
 
 long, weak, and slender branches, lying and 
 running upon the ground two or three feet 
 long or more, set with leaves two at a joint 
 
 virtues that grows upon oaks I know not, 
 unless because it is rarest and hardest to 
 coine by ; and our college's opinion is in 
 
 this contrary to scripture, which saith, God's ' one against another at equal distances, 
 tender mercies are over all his works; and so which are almost round, but pointed at the 
 it is, let the college of physicians walk as \ ends, smooth, and of a good green colour, 
 contrary to him as they please, and that is f At the joints with the leaves from the middle 
 as contrary as the east to the west. Clusiusj forward come forth at every point some- 
 affirms that which grows upon pear trees to { times one yellow flower, and sometimes 
 be as prevalent, and gives order, that it i two, standing each on a small foot-stalk, 
 should not touch the ground after it is \ and made of five leaves, narrow-pointed at 
 gathered; and also saith, that, being hung; the end, with some yellow threads in the 
 
 abjut the neck, it remedies witchcraft.; 
 
 middle, which being past, there stand in 
 
 Both the leaves and berries of Misselto do; their places small round heads of seed, 
 heat and dry, and are of subtle parts ; the Place."] It grows plentifully in almost 
 birdlime doth molify hard knots, tumours, i all places of this land, commonly in moist 
 and imposthumes; ripens and discusses j grounds by hedge-sides, an'd in the middle 
 them, and draws forth thick as well as thin {of grassy fields. 
 
 humours from the remote parts of the body,{ Time.] They flower in June and July, 
 digesting and separating them. And being. and their seed is ripe quickly after. 
 mixed with equal parts of rozin and wax,! Government and virtues^] Venus owns it. 
 doth molify the hardness of the spleen, and j Moneywort is singularly good to stay all 
 helps old ulcers and sores. Being mixed -fluxes in man or woman, whether they be 
 with Sanduric and Orpiment, it helps tojlasks, bloody-fluxes, bleeding inwardly or 
 draw oft' foul nails : and if quick-lime and -outwardly, or the weakness of the stomach 
 
 i r 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 that is given to casting. It is very good j and May; for in June, when any hot 
 also for the ulcers or excoriations of the \ weather conies, for the most part it is 
 
 ungs, or other inward parts. It is exceed- 
 ingly good for all wounds, either fresh or 
 green, to heal them speedily, and for all 
 old ulcers that are of spreading natures. 
 
 withered and gone. 
 
 Government and virtues."] The Moon owns 
 the herb. Moon wort is cold and drying 
 more than Adder's Tongue, and is therefore 
 
 For all which purposes the juice of the [held lo be more available for all wounds 
 herb, or the powder drank in water where- 
 in hot steel hath been often quenched ; or 
 the decoction of the green herb in wine, or 
 
 both inward and outward. The leaves 
 boiled in red wine, and drank, stay the 
 immoderate flux of women's courses, and 
 
 water drank, or used to the outward place, | the whites. It also stays bleeding, vomit- 
 to wash or bathe them, or to have tents j ing, and other fluxes. It helps all blows 
 dipped therein and put into them, are ef-jand bruises, and to consolidate all frac- 
 fectual. tures and dislocations. It is good for rup- 
 
 tures, but is chiefly used, by most with 
 other herbs, to make oils or balsams to heal 
 fresh or green wounds (as I said before) 
 either inward or outward, for which it is 
 
 BIOONWORT. 
 
 Descript.] IT rises up usually but wilh 
 one dark green, thick and flat leaf, stand- 
 ing upon a short foot-stalk not above two 
 fingers breadth ; but when it flowers it may 
 be said to bear a small slender stalk about 
 
 excellently good. 
 
 Moonwort is an herb which (they say) 
 will open locks, and unshoe such horses as 
 
 four or five inches high, having but one U read upon it: This some laugh to scorn, 
 leaf in the middle thereof, which is much j and those no small fools neither ; but coun- 
 divided on both sides into sometimes five i try people, that I know, call it Unshoe the 
 or seven parts on a side, sometimes more ; i Horse. Besides I have heard commanders 
 
 each of which parts is small like the middle 
 rib, but broad forwards, pointed and round, 
 resembling therein a half-moon, from whence 
 it took the name ; the uppermost parts or 
 divisions being bigger than the lowest. 
 The stalks rise above this leaf two or three 
 inches, bearing many branches of small 
 long tongues, every one like the spiky head 
 of the adder's tongue, of a brownish colour, j 
 (which, whether 1 shall call them flowers, or} 
 the seed, I well know not) which, after they { 
 Ifave continued awhile, resolve into a mealy 
 dust. The root is small and fibrous. This 
 hath sometimes clivers such like leaves as 
 are before described, with so many branches 
 or tops rising from one stalk, each divided 
 from the other. 
 
 Place.~\ It grows on hills and heaths, 
 yet where there is much grass, lor therein 
 it delights lo grow. 
 
 say, that on White Down in Devonshire, 
 near Tiverton, there were found thirty 
 horse shoes, pulled off from the feet of the 
 Earl of Essex's horses, being there drawn 
 up in a body, many of them being but 
 newly shod, and no reason known, which 
 caused much admiration : the herb des- 
 cribed usually grows upon heaths. 
 
 MOSSES. 
 
 I SHALL not trouble the reader with 
 a description of these, since my intent is to 
 speak only of two kinds, as the most prin- 
 cipal, viz. Ground Moss and Tree Moss, 
 both which are very well known. 
 
 Place.~\ The Ground Moss grows in our 
 moist woods, and at the bottom of hills, irj 
 boggy grounds, and in shadowy ditches 
 and many other such like places. The Ti(J 
 Moss grows only on trees. 
 
 Time.~\ It is to be found only in April \ Government and virtues.'] All sorts 
 
 

 ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 Mosses an under the dominion of Saturn. $ every joint, which are -somewhat broad and 
 The Ground Moss is held to be singularly ! long, as if it were rough or crumpled, with 
 lo break the stone, and to expel and I many great veins therein of a sad green 
 
 ' colour, and deeply dented about the edges, 
 and almost divided. From the middle of 
 the branches up to the tops of them (which 
 
 drive it forlh by urine, being boiled in wine 
 ;ind drank. The herb being bruised "and 
 boiled in water, and applied, eases all in- 
 
 flammations and pains coming from an hot ] are long and small) grow the flowers round 
 
 cause ; and is therefore used to ease the 
 pains of the gout. 
 
 The Tree Mosses are cooling and binding, 
 and partake of a digesting and molifying 
 quality withal, as Galen saith. But each 
 Moss partakes of the nature of the tree 
 
 them at distances, in sharp pointed, rough, 
 hard husks, of a more red or purple colour 
 than Balm or Horehound, but in the same 
 manner or form as the Horehound, after 
 which come small, round, blackish seeds in 
 great plenty. The root sends forth a num- 
 
 from whence it is taken ; therefore that ofj ber of long strings and small fibres, taking 
 
 strong hold in the ground, of a dark yellow- 
 ish or brownish colour, and abides as the 
 Horehound does : the smell of the one not 
 much differs from the other. 
 
 Place .] It grows only in gardens with us 
 in England. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Venus owns the 
 herb, and it is under Leo. There is no better 
 
 the oak is more binding, and is of good effect 
 to stay fluxes in man or woman ; as also 
 romiling or bleeding, the powder thereof 
 being taken in wine. The decoction there- 
 of in wine is very good for women to be 
 bathed in, that are troubled with the over- 
 flowing of their courses. The same being 
 drank, stays the stomach that is troubled 
 
 with casting, or hiccough ; and, as Avicena | herb to take melancholy vapours from the 
 
 saith, it comforts the heart. The powder 
 thereof taken in drink for some time 
 together, is thought available for the dropsy. 
 The oil that has had fresh Moss steeped 
 therein for a time, and afterwards boiled 
 and applied to the temples and forehead, 
 marvellously eases the head-ache com- 
 ing of a hot cause; as also the distillations 
 of hot rheums or humours in the eyes, or 
 other parts. The ancients much used it in 
 their ointments and other medicines against 
 
 O ? 
 
 heait, to strengthen it, and make a merry, 
 chearful, blithe soul lhan this herb. It may 
 be kept in a syrup or conserve; therefore 
 the Latins called it Cardiaca. Besides, it 
 makes Avomen joyful mothers of children, 
 and settles their wombs as they should be, 
 therefore we call it Motherwort. It is held 
 to be of much use for the trembling of the 
 heart, and faintings and swoonings ; from 
 whence it took the name Cardiaca. The 
 powder thereof, to the quantity of a spoon- 
 
 the lassitude, and to strengthen and com- \ ful, drank in wine, is a wonderful help to 
 fort the sinews: For which, if it was good I women in their sore travail, as also for the 
 
 then, I know no reason but it may be found 
 <) still. 
 
 MOTHERWOUT. 
 
 Tins hath a hard, square, 
 
 suffocating or risings of the mother, and fqr 
 these effects, it is likely it took the name of 
 Motherwort with us. It also provokes 
 urine and women's courses, cleanses the 
 chest of cold phlegm, oppressing it, kills 
 worms in the belly. It is of good use (o 
 
 { 
 
 orounish, rough, strong stalk, rising three \ warm and dry up the cold humours, .tu 
 'if four feet high at least, spreading into digest and disperse them that are settled 
 hany branches, whereon grow leaves on | in the veins, joints, and sinews of the both, 
 i ich side, with long foot-stalks, two at j and to help cramps and convulsions. 
 
122 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 | stays the fluxes of blood, either at the mouth 
 Jor nose, and inward bleeding also, for it is 
 
 Uescrtpt."] MOUSE-EAR is a low herb, la singular wound herb for wounds both in- 
 creeping upon the ground by small strings, j ward and outward : It helps the bloody 
 like the Strawberry plant, whereby it shoots jflux/and helps the abundance of women's 
 forth small roots, whereat grow, upon the j courses. There is a syrup made of the 
 ground, many small and somewhat short > juice hereof and sugar, by the apothecaries 
 leaves, set in a round form together, and | of Italy, and other places, which is of much 
 very hairy, which, being broken, do give a j account with them, to be given .o those 
 whitish milk: From among these leaves ! that are troubled with the cough or phthisic, 
 spring up two or three small hoary stalks {The same also is singularly good for rup- 
 about a span high, with a few smaller leaves j tures or burstings. The green herb bruised 
 thereon ; at the tops whereof stands usually ! and presently bound to any cut or wound, 
 
 
 but one flower, consisting of many pale yel- 
 low leaves, broad at the point, and a tittle 
 
 doth quickly solder the lips thereof. And 
 the juice, decoction, or powder of the dried 
 
 dented in, set in three or four rows (the j herb is most singular to stay the malignity 
 
 greater uppermost) very like a Dandelion ' 
 flower, and a little reddish underneath about i 
 the edges, especially if it grow in a dry 
 ground ; which after they have stood long 
 in flower do turn into down, which with the 
 seed is carried away with the wind. 
 
 Place J] It grows on ditch banks, and 
 sometimes in ditches, if they be dry, and in 
 sandy grounds. 
 
 of spreading and fretting cankers and ulcers 
 whatsoever, yea in the mouth and secret 
 parts. The distilled water of the plant is 
 available in all the diseases aforesaid, and 
 to wash outward wounds and sores, by 
 applying tents of cloths wet therein. 
 
 MUGWORT. 
 Descript] COMMON Mugwort hath 
 
 Time.] It flowers about June or July, \ divers leaves lying upon the ground, very 
 and abides green all the Winter. j much divided, or cut deeply in about the 
 
 Government and virtues.] The Moon owns 1 brims, somewhat like Wormwood, but much 
 this herb also ; and though authors cry out \ larger, of a dark green colour on the upper 
 upon Alchymists, for attempting to fix f side, and very hoary white underneath, 
 quicksilver by this herb and Moonwort, a j The stalks rise to be four or five feel high, 
 Roman would not have judged a thing by \ having on it such like leaves as those below, 
 the success ; if it be to be fixed at all, it is j but somewhat smaller, branching forth 
 by lunar influence. The juice thereof' very much towards the top, whereon are 
 taken in wine, or the decoction thereof j set very small, pale, yellowish flowers like 
 drank, doth help the jaundice, although of' buttons, which fall away, and after them 
 long continuance, to drink thereof morn- \ come small seeds inclosed in round heads 
 ing and evening, and abstain from other | The root is long and hard, with many small 
 drink two or three hours after. It is a j fibres growing from it, whereby it takes 
 special remedy against the stone, and the ; strong hold on the ground ; but both stalks 
 ormenting pains thereof: as also other tor- | and leaves do lie clown every year, and the 
 tures and griping pains of the bowels. The j root shoots anew in the Spring. The whole 
 decoction thereof with Succory and Cen- j plant is of a reasonable scent, and is more 
 laury is held very effectual to help the J easily propagated by the slips than the 
 dropsy, and them that are inclining there- } seed. 
 unto, and the diseases of the spleen. It \ Place "| It grows plentifully in 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 123 
 
 laces of this land, by the water-sides ; as j the body, and the unripe binding it, es- 
 also by small water courses, and in divers j pecially when they are dried, and then they 
 Other places. i are good to stay fluxes, lasks, and the abun- 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers and seeds in the end I dance of women's courses. The bark of 
 of Summer. j the root kills the broad worms in the body. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] This is an herb ; The juice, or the syrup made of the juice of 
 of Venus, therefore maintains the parts of; the berries, helps all inflammations or sores 
 
 the body she rules, remedies the diseases of 
 the parts that are under her signs, Taurus 
 
 - . i i 
 
 in the mouth, or throat, and palate of 
 the mouth when it is tallen down. The 
 
 and Libra. Mugwort is with good success 5 juice of the leaves is a remedy against the 
 put among other herbs that are boiled for } biting of serpents, and for those that have 
 women to apply the hot decoction to draw | taken aconite. The leaves beaten with 
 down their courses, to help the delivery of s vinegar, are good to lay on any place that 
 the birth, and expel the after-birth. As ? is burnt with fire. A decoction made of 
 also for the obstructions and inflammations \ the bark and leaves is good to wash the 
 
 - 1 'mouth and teeth when they ache. If the 
 
 of the mother. It breaks the stone, and 
 opens the urinary passages where they 
 are stopped. The juice thereof made up 
 with Myrrh, and put under as a pessary, 
 
 root be a little slit or cut, and a small hole 
 made in the ground next thereunto, in the 
 Harvest-time, it will give out a certain 
 
 works the same effects, and so does the juice, which being hardened the next day, 
 root also. Being made up with hog's J is of good use to help the tooth-ache, to 
 grease into an ointment, it takes away wens j dissolve knots, and purge the belly. The 
 and hard knots and kernels that grow about j leaves of Mulberries are said to slay bleed- 
 the neck and throat, and eases the pains j ing at the mouth or nose, or the bleeding of 
 about the neck more effectually, if some \ the piles, or of a wound, being bound unto 
 Field Daisies be put with it. The herb itself | the places. A branch of the tree taken 
 being fresh, or the juice thereof taken, is aj when the moon is at the full, and bound to 
 special remedy upon the overmuch taking | the wrists of a woman's arm, whose courses 
 of opium. Three drams of the powder of j come down too much, doth stay them in a 
 
 the dried leaves taken in wine, is a speedy 
 and the best certain help for the sciatica. 
 A decoction thereof made with Camomile 
 and Agrimony, and the place bathed there- 
 with while it is warm, takes away the pains 
 of the sinews, and the cramp. 
 
 THE MULBERRY-TREE. 
 
 THIS is so well known where it grows, 
 that it needs no description. 
 
 Time.] It bears fruit in the months of 
 July and August. 
 
 short space. 
 
 MULLEIrf. 
 
 
 Descript.'] COMMON White Mullein has 
 many fair, large, woolly white leaves, lying 
 next the ground, 'somewhat larger than 
 
 (dented about the edges. The stalk rises 
 * up to be four or five feet high, covered over 
 with such like leaves, but less, so that no 
 stalk can be seen for the multitude of leaves 
 \ thereon up to the flowers, which come for th 
 
 Government and virtues'] Mercury rules ion all sides of the stalk, without any branches. 
 he tree, therefore are its effects variable t for the most part, and are many set together 
 as his are. The Mulberry is of different i in along spike, in some of a yellow colour, 
 parts ; the ripe berries, by reason of their Jin others more pale, consisting of five round 
 iweetness and slippery moisture, opening* pointed leaves, which afterwards have small 
 
 K K 
 
124 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 round heads, wherein is small brownish | and heal them also. The leaves bruised 
 seed contained. The root is long, white, i and wrapped in double papers, and covered 
 and woody, perishing after it hath borne ! with hot ashes and embers to bake a while, 
 seed. | and then taken forth and, laid warm on any 
 
 Place."] It grows by way-sides and lanes, | blotch or boil happening in the groin 01 
 in many places of this land. j share, doth dissolve and heal them. The 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in July or thereabouts. ' seed bruised and boiled in wine, and laid 
 Government and virtues.'} It is under the i on any member that has been out of joint, 
 dominion of Saturn. A small quantity of land newly set again, takes away all swel- 
 the root given in wine, is commended by ; ling and pain thereof. 
 Dioscoricles, against lasks and fluxes of the * 
 belly. The decoction hereof drank, is pro- ] 
 
 Stable for those that are bursten, and forj Descript.] OUR common Mustard hath 
 cramps and convulsions, and for those that! large and broad rough leaves, verv much 
 are troubled with an old cough. The de- * jagged with uneven and unorder! y gashes, 
 coction thereof gargled, eases the pains of j somewhat like turnip leaves, but less and 
 the tooth-ache. And the oil made by the $ rougher. The stalk rises to be more than 
 often infusion of the flowers, is of very good |a foot high, and sometimes two feet high, 
 effect for the piles. The decoction of the } being round, rough, and branched at the 
 root in red wine or in water, (if there be \ top, bearing such like leaves thereon as 
 an ague) wherein red hot steel hath been j grow helow, but lesser, and less divided, 
 often quenched, doth stay the bloody-flux. and divers yellow flowers one above another 
 The same also opens obstructions of the > at the tops, after which come small rough 
 bladder and reins. A decoction of the I pods, with small, lank, flat ends, wherein 
 leaves hereof, and of Sage, Marjoram, and i is contained round yellowish seed, sharp, 
 Camomile flowers, and the places bathed \ hot, and biting upon the tongue. The root 
 therewith, that have sinews stiff with cold; is small, long, and woody when it bears 
 or champs, doth bring them much ease and | stalks, and perishes every year, 
 comfort. Three ounces of the distilled i PlaceJ] This grows with us in gardens 
 water of the flowers drank morning and : only, and other manured places, 
 evening for some days together, is said to be I Time.'\ It is an annual plant, flowering 
 the most excellent remedy for the gout. : in July, and the seed is ripe in August. 
 The juice of the leaves and flowers being j Government and virtues.] It is an excel- 
 laid upon rough warts, as also the powder * lent sauce for such whose blood wants clari- 
 of the dried roots rubbed on, doth easily \ tying, and for weak stomachs, being an 
 take them away, but doth no good to herb of Mars, but naught for choleric 
 smooth warts. The powder of the dried J people, though as good for such as are 
 flowers is an especial remedy for those that j aged, or troubled with cold diseases. Ark* 
 are troubled with the belly-ache, or the; claims something to do with it, therefore it 
 pains of the cholic. The decoction of the \ strengthens the heart, and resists poison 
 root, and so likewise of the leaves, is of; Let such whose stomachs are so weak they 
 great effect to dissolve the tumours, swel-i cannot digest their meat, or appetite it, take- 
 lings, or inflammations of the throat. The j of Mustard-seed a dram, Cinnamon as much, 
 seed and leaves boiled in wine, and ap-jand having beaten them to powder, and 
 plied, draw forth speedily thorns or splin-lhalf as much Mastich in powder, and with 
 ters gotten into the tlesh, ease the pains, i gum Arabic dissolved in rose-water, mak 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 125 
 
 it up into troches, of which they may take j The seed bruised mixed with honey, and 
 one of about half a dram weight an hour or j applied, or made up with wax, fakes away 
 two before meals ; let old men and women \ the marks and black and blue spots of 
 make much of this medicine, and they will j bruises, or the like, the roughness or scab- 
 either give me thanks, or shew manifest ! biness of the skin, as also the leprosy, and 
 rnoratitude. Mustard seed hath the virtue \ lousy evil. It helps also the crick in the 
 ofheat, discussing, ratifying, and drawing { neck. The distilled water of the herb, when 
 out splinters of bones, and other things of lit is in the flower, is much used to drink 
 the flesh. It is of good effect to bring | inwardly to help in any of the diseases 
 Jown women's courses, for the falling-sick- j aforesaid, or to wash the mouth when the 
 ness or lelhargy, drowsy forgetful evil, to j palate is down, and for the disease of the 
 use it both inwardly and outwardly, to rub j throat to gargle, but outwardly also for 
 the nostrils, forehead and temples, to warm 5 scabs, itch, or other the like infirmities, and 
 and quicken the spirits; for by the fierce j cleanses the face from morphew, spots, 
 sharpness it purges the brain by sneezing, j freckles, and other deformities, 
 and drawing down rheum and other vis-j 
 
 cous humours, which by their distillations j THE HEDGE-MUSTARD. 
 
 upon the lungs and chest, procure coughing, j 
 
 and therefore, with some, honey added | Descript.~] THIS grows up usually but 
 thereto, doth much good therein. The de-i with one blackish green stalk, tough, easy 
 coction of the seed made in wine, and | to bend, but not to break, branched into 
 drank, provokes urine, resists the force of i divers parts, and sometimes with divers 
 poison, the malignity of mushrooms, and | stalks, set full of branches, Avhereon grow 
 venom of scorpions, or other venomous j long, rough, or hard rugged leaves, very 
 creatures, if it be taken in time ; and taken ! much tore or cut on the edges in many 
 before the cold fits of agues, alters, lessens, ! parts, some bigger, and some less, of a 
 and cures them. The seed taken either by -'dirty green colour. The flowers are small 
 itself, or with other things, either in an dec- j and yellow, that grow on the tops of the 
 tuary or drink, doth mightily stir up bodily j branches in long spikes, flowering by de- 
 lust, and helps the spleen and pains in theigrees ; so that continuing long in flower, 
 sides, and gnawings in the bowels; and \ the stalk will have small round cods at the 
 used as a gargle draws up the palate of the ; bottom, growing upright and close to the 
 mouth, being fallen down ; and also it dis- 1 stalk, while the top flowers yet shew them- 
 solves the swellings about the throat, if it -selves, in which are contained small yellow 
 be outwardly applied. Being chewed in! seed, sharp and strong, as the herb is also, 
 the mouth it oftentimes helps the tooth-ache. |The root grows down slender and woody, 
 The outward application hereof upon the j yet abiding and springing again every 
 pained place of the sciatica, discusses the j year. 
 
 humours, and eases the pains, as also the? Place.'] This grows frequently in this 
 gout, and other joint aches ; and is much i land, by 'the ways and hedge-sides, and 
 and often used to ease pains in the sides or \ sometimes in the open fields, 
 loins, the shoulder, or other parts of thej TimeJ] It flowers most usually about 
 ooily, upon the plying thereof to raise j July. 
 
 Mistc-rs, and cures the disease by drawing: Government and virtues."] Mars owns this 
 it to the outward parts of the body. It is \ herb also. It is singularly good in all the 
 also used to help the falling off the hair J diseases of the chest and lungs, hoarseness 
 
12(J THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 of voice : and by the use of the decoction 1 
 
 thereof for a little space, those have been; NET. OR CATMINT. 
 
 Recovered who had utterly lost their voice, 
 
 nd almost their spirits also. The juice; DescnptJ] COMMON Garden Nep shoots 
 thereof made into a syrup, or licking medi- $ forth hard four-square stalks, with a hoari- 
 cine, with honey or sugar, is no less effec- ! ness on them, a yard high or more, full of 
 t.ual for the same purpose, and for all other ! branches, bearing at every joint two broad 
 coughs, wheeling, and shortness of breath, j leaves like balm, but longer pointed, softer, 
 The same is also profitable for those that j white, and more hoary, nicked about the 
 have the jaundice, pleurisy, pains in the } edpes, and of a strong sweet scent. The 
 back and loins, and for torments in the \ flowers grow in large tufts at the tops of the 
 belly, or cholic, being also used in clysters. I branches, and underneath them likewise on 
 The seed is held to be a special remedy ? the stalks many together, of a whitish pur- 
 figainst poison and venom. It is singularly 1 pie colour. The roots are composed of 
 good for the sciatica, and in joint-aches, j many long strings or fibres, fastening them- 
 ;jJcers, and cankers in the mouth, throat, or \ selves stronger in the ground, and abide 
 behind the ears, and no less for the hard- j with green leaves thereon all the winter, 
 ness and swelling of the testicles, or of j Place.~\ It is only nursed up in our 
 women's breasts. j gardens. 
 
 Time.~] And it flowers in July, or there- 
 NAILWORT, OR WHITLOW-GRASS. jabouts. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is an herb of 
 
 DescriptJ] Tins very small and common > Venus. Nep is generally used for women 
 herb hath no roots, save only a few strings:! to procure their courses, being laKen in- 
 neither doth it ever grow to be above a | wardly or outwardly, either alone, or with 
 hand's breadth high, the leaves are very | other convenient herbs in a decoction to 
 small, and something long, not much unlike { bathe them, or sit over the hot fumes there- 
 those of Chickweed, among which rise up j of; and by the frequent use thereof, it takes 
 divers slender stalks, bearing many white I away barrenness, and the wind, and pains 
 flowers one above another, which are ex-} of the mother. It is also used in pains of 
 ceeding small; after which come small j the head coming of any cold cause, catarrhs, 
 Hat pouches containing the seed, which is I rheums, and for swimming and giddiness 
 very small, but of a sharp taste. \ thereof, and is of special use for the wind- 
 
 Place.'] It grows commonly upon old \ iness of the stomach and belly. It is ef- 
 stone and brick walls, and sometimes in \ fectual for any cramp, or cold aches, to dis- 
 gravelly grounds, especially if there be j solve cold and wind that afflict the place, 
 grass or moss near to shadow it. * and is used for colds, coughs, and short- 
 
 Time.] They flower very early in the j ness of breath. The juice thereof drank 
 year, sometimes in January, and in \ in wine, is profitable for those that are 
 February; for before the end of April they ' bruised by an accident. The green herb 
 are not to be found. j bruised and applied to the fundament a id 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is held to be ! lying there two or three hours, eases the 
 exceedingly good for those imposthumes in \ pains of the piles; the juice also being made 
 the joints, and under the nails, which they | up into an ointment, is effectual for the 
 call Whitlows. Felons, Andicorns and Nail- i same purpose. The head washed with a 
 wheals. [decoction thereof, it takes nway scabs, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 1*27 
 
 and may be effectual for other parts of the:; together, stays bleeding at the mouth. The 
 
 body also. 
 
 seed being drank, is a remedy against the 
 
 ; stinging of venomous creatures, the biting 
 
 NETTLES. \ of mad dogs, the poisonous qualities of 
 
 I Hemlock, Henbane, Nightshade, Mandrake, 
 
 NETTLES are so well known, that they ;or other such like herbs that stupify or dull 
 need no description; they may be found j the senses ; as also the lethaigy, especially 
 by feeling, in the darkest night. I to use it outwardly, to rub the forehead or 
 
 Government and virtues. ~\ This is also; temples in the lethargy, and the places 
 an herb Mars claims dominion over. You 5 stung or bitten with beasts, with a little salt, 
 know Mars is hot and dry, and you know j The distilled water of the herb is also effec- 
 as well that Winter is cold and moist ; then i tual (though not so powerful) for the dis- 
 you may know as well the reason why j eases aforesaid; as for outward wounds 
 Nettle-tops eaten in the Spring consume; and sores to wash them, and to cleanse the 
 the phlegmatic superfluities in the body or ; skin from morphew, leprosy, and other 
 man, that the coldness and moistness of discolourings thereof. The seed or leaves 
 Winter hath left behind. r \ he roots or $ bruised, and put into the nostrils, stays the 
 leaves boiled, or the juice of either of them, j bleeding of them, and takes away the flesh 
 or both made into an electuary with honey \ growing in them called polypus. The juice 
 and sugar, is a safe and sure medicine to j of the leaves, or the decoction of them, or 
 open the pipes and passages of the lungs, j of the root, is singularly good to wash either 
 which is the cause of wheezing and short- 1 old, rotten, or stinking sores or fistulous, 
 ness of breath, and hrlps to expectorate land gangrenes, and such as fretting, eating, 
 tough phlegm, as also to raise the impost- \ or corroding scabs, manginess, and itch, 
 humed pleurisy ; and spend it by spitting ;| in any part of the body, as also green 
 the same helps the swelling of the almonds j wounds, by washing them therewith, or ap- 
 of the throat, the mouth -md throat being; plying the green herb bruised thereunto, 
 gargled therewith. The juice is also effec-jyea, although the flesh were separated from 
 tual to settle the palate of the mouth in its j the bones; the same applied to our wearied 
 place, and to heal and temper the inflani-{ members, refresh them, or to place those 
 malions and soreness of the mouth and ; that have been out of joint, being first set 
 throat. The decoction of the leaves in ; up again, strengthens, dries, and comforts 
 wine, being drank, is singularly good to pro- 1 them, as also those places troubled with 
 voke women's courses, and settle the suf- \ aches and gouts, and the defluxion of 
 location, strangling of the mother, and all \ humours upon the joints or sinews ; it eases 
 other diseases thereof; it is also applied out- j the pains, and dries or dissolves the defluc- 
 wardly with a little myrrh. The same also, j tions. An ointment made of the juice, 
 or the seed provokes urine, and expels the | oil, and a little wax, is singularly good to 
 gravel and stone in the reins or bladder, > rub cold and benumbed members. An 
 often proved to be effectual in many that \ handful of the leaves of green Nettles, and 
 have taken it. The same kills the worms \ another of Wallwort, or Deanwort, bruised 
 in children, eases pains in the sides, and; and applied simply themselves to the gout, 
 dissolves the windiness in the spleen, as : sciatica, or joint aches in any part, hath 
 also in the body, although others think it; been found to be an admirable help there- 
 only powerful to provoke venery. The junto. 
 
 juice of the leaves taken two or three days ; 
 
 L L 
 
I2B THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 I mouth and throat that is inflamed : But 
 NIGHTSHADE. 11.1 ^ ,t i i 
 
 J outwardly the juice or the herb or berries, 
 
 J)escript.~] COMMON Nightshade hath! with oil of roses and a little vinegar and 
 an upright, round green, hollow stalk, about | ceruse laboured together in a leaden mortar, 
 a foot or half a yard high, bushing forth in \ is very good to anoint all hot inflammations 
 many branches, whereon grow many green j in the eyes. It also doth much good foi 
 leaves, somewhat broad, and pointed at the j the shingles, ringworms, and in all running 
 ends, soft and full of juice, somewhat like [fretting and corroding ulcers, applied 
 unto Bazil, but longer and a little unevenly j thereunto. The juice dropped into th 
 dented about the edges: At the tops of the! ears, eases pains thereof that arise of hea 
 slalks and branches come forth three orjor inflammations. And Pliny saith, it is 
 
 good for hot swellings under the throat 
 Have a care you mistake not the deadly 
 
 four more white flowers made of five small 
 pointed leaves a-piece, standing on a stalk 
 
 together, one above another, with yellow : Nightshade for this ; if you know it not, 
 pointels in the middle, composed of four or j you may let them both alone, and take no 
 five yellow threads set together, which af-jharm, having other medicines sufficient in 
 terwards run into so many pendulous green | the book, 
 berries, of the bigness of small pease, full of j 
 green juice, and small whitish round flat* 
 
 seed lying within it. The root is white, | IT is so well known (the timber thereof 
 and a little woody when it hath given flower; Deing the glory and safety of this nation 
 and fruit, with many small fibres at it ;; by sea) that it needs no description. 
 The whole plant is of a waterish insipid j Government and virtues^] Jupiter own* 
 aste, but the juice within the berries is i the tree. The leaves and bark of the Oak, 
 some what viscous, and of a cooling and j and the acorn cups, do bind and dry very 
 binding quality. ;much. The inner bark of the tree, and 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows wild with us under our j the thin skin that covers the acorn, are 
 walls, and in rubbish, the common paths, \ most used to stay the spitting of blood, and 
 and sides of hedges and fields, as also in | the b!oody-flux. The decoction of that 
 our gardens here in England, without any \ bark, and the powder of the cups, do stay 
 planting. j vomitings, spitting of blood, bleeding at 
 
 TimeJ] It lies down every year, and 
 rises up again of its own sowing, but springs 
 
 the mouth, or other fluxes of blood, in 
 men or women ; lasks also, and the noctur- 
 
 not until the latter end of April at the >nal involuntary flux of men. The acorn in 
 soonest. ! powder taken in wine, provokes urinr, and 
 
 Government a;;d -virtues."] It is a cold 5 resists the poison of venomous creatures. 
 Saturnine plant. The common Night-! The decoction of acorns and the bark mad 
 shade is wholly used to cool hot inflam-jin milk and taken, resists the force of poi- 
 mations either inwardly or outwardly, Isonous herbs and medicines, as also I he 
 being no ways dangerous to any that use it, j virulencyof cantharides, when one by eating 
 as most of the rest of the Nightshades are ; i them hath his bladder exulcerated, and 
 yet it must be used moderately. The dis- ! voids bloody urine. Hippocrates saith, he 
 tilled water only of the whole herb is fittest j used the fumes of Oak leaves to women that 
 and safest to be taken inwardly : The juice j were troubled with the strangling of the 
 also clarified and taken, being mingled | mother ; and Galen applied them, being 
 with a little vinesar, is good to wash the; bruised, to cure green wounds. The dis- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 129 
 
 tilled water of the Oaken bud, before they j the upper crust of the earth, shooting forth 
 
 break out into leaves is good to be used j in divers places. 
 
 either inwardly or outwardly, to assuage! Place.'] It grows in moist, shadowy 
 
 inflammations, and to stop all manner of land grassy places of woods, in many parts 
 
 fluxes in man or woman. The same is f of this land. 
 
 singularly good in pestilential and hot! Time.'] It flowers about May, and the 
 
 burning fevers; for it resists the force of; berries are ripe in June, and then quickly 
 
 the infection, and allays the heat : It cooks j perishes, until the next year it springs from 
 
 the heat of the liver, breaking the stone in j the same root again. 
 
 the kidneys, and stays women's courses, j Government and virtues.] It is a precious 
 
 The decoction of the leaves works the same > herb of the Sun. Half a dram, or a dram 
 
 effects. The Avater that is found in the j at most, in powder of the roots hereof taken 
 
 hollow places of old Oaks, is very effectual in wine and vinegar, of each equal parts, 
 
 against any foul or spreading scabs. The 
 distilled water (or concoction, which is 
 
 and the party laid presently to sweat there- 
 upon, is held to be a sovereign remedy for 
 
 better) of the leaves, is one of the best { those that are infected with the plague, and 
 remedies that I know of for the whites in \ have a sore upon them, by expelling the 
 women. j poison and infection, and defending the 
 
 | heart and spirits from danger. It is a sin- 
 ' s ' j gularly good wound herb, and is thereupon 
 
 ARE so well known that they need no j used with other the like effects in many 
 description. i compound balms for curing of wounds, be 
 
 Government and virtues. ~] Oats fried with \ they fresh and green, or old and malignant, 
 bay salt, and applied to the sides, take } and especially if the sinews be burnt, 
 away the pains of stitches and wind in the \ 
 
 sides or the belly. A poultice made of 5 ORCHIS. 
 
 meal of Oats, and some oil of Bays put 
 
 i i -i _ * 
 
 thereunto, helps the itch and the leprosy, 
 as also the fistulas of the fundament, and 
 
 IT has almost as many several names 
 attributed to the several sorts of it, as would 
 
 dissolves hard imposthurnes. The meal of: almost fill a sheet of paper ; as dog-stones, 
 Oats boiled with vinegar, and applied, f goat-stones, fool-stones, fox-stones, satiri- 
 takes away freckles and spots in the face, \ con, cullians, together with many others too 
 and other parts of the body. j tedious to rehearse. 
 
 Descript.l To describe all the several 
 
 UiNJc/xJljAIjI^, ,, . J 11 / i 
 
 ; sorts of it were an endless piece or work ; 
 
 DescriptJ] THIS small plant never bears ! therefore I shall only describe the roots 
 more than one leaf, but only when it rises because they are to be used with some dis- 
 up with his stalk, which thereon bears j cretion. They have each of them a double 
 another, and seldom more, which are of a root within, some of them are round, in 
 blueish green colour, pointed, with many j others like a hand ; these roots alter every 
 ribs or veins therein, like Plantain. At the ; year by course, when the one rises and 
 top of the stalk grow many small white j waxes full, the other waxes lank, and perishes 
 flowers, star fashion, smelling somewhat i Now, it is that which is full which is to be 
 sweet ; after which come small red berries, ! used in medicines, the other being either of 
 when they are ripe. The root is small, of the ! no use at all, or else, according to the 
 bigness of a rush, lying and creeping under \ humour of some, it destroys and disannuls 
 
ISO 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 the virtues of the other, quite undoing what the place with good treacle, and after to 
 hat doth. roast it well undgr the embers, which, after 
 
 Time.'] One or other of them may be { taking away the outermost skin thereof, 
 found in flower from the beginning of April \ being beaten together, is a sovereign salve 
 to the latter end of August. \ for either plague or sore, or any ot 
 
 Government and virtues.] They are hot 
 and moist in operation, under the dominion 
 of Dame Venus, and provoke lust exceed- 
 
 i i i i 
 
 putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is 
 good for either scalding or burning by fire, 
 water, or gunpowder, and used with vine- 
 
 ingly, -vhich, they say, the dried and ! gar, takes away all blemishes, spots and 
 withered roots do restrain. They are held j marks in the skin : and dropped in the 
 to kill worms in children; as also, being: ears, eases the pains and noise of them, 
 bruised and applied to the place," to heal j Applied also with figs beaten together, helps 
 
 the king's evil. 
 
 ONIONS. 
 
 THEY are so well known, that I need not 
 
 to ripen and break imposthumes, and other 
 sores. 
 
 Leeks are as like them in quality, as the 
 pome-water is like an apple : They are a 
 
 spend time about writing a description of; remedy against a surfeit of mushrooms, 
 
 | being baked under the embers and taken , 
 
 Government and virtues.] Mars owns { and being boiled and applied very warm, 
 them, and they have gotten this quality, to help the piles. In other things they have 
 
 draw any corruption to them, for if you 
 peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you 
 
 the same property as the Onions, although 
 not so effectual. 
 
 ORPINE. 
 
 shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing j 
 putrefaction to it ; then, being bruised and j 
 applied to a plague sore, it is very probable | Descript] COMMON Orpine rises up 
 it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or j with divers rough brittle stalks, thick set 
 windy; yet they do somewhat provoke* with fat and fleshy leaves, without any 
 appetite, increase thirst, .ease the belly and i order, and little or nothing dented about 
 bowels, provoke women's courses, help the 5 the edges, of a green colour : The flowers 
 biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous j are white, or whitish, growing in tufts, after 
 creatures, to be used with honey and rue, j which come small chaffy husks, with seeds 
 increase sperm, especially the seed of them, j like dust in them. The roots are divers 
 
 They also kill worms in children if they i 
 drink the water fasting wherein they have 
 
 thick, round, white tuberous clogs ; and the 
 plant grows not so big in some places as in 
 
 been steeped all night. Being roasted j others where it is found. 
 
 under the embers, and eaten with honey or? Place.] It is frequent in almost every 
 
 sugar and oil, they much conduce to help | county of this land, and is cherished in 
 
 an inveterate cough, and expectorate the i gardens with us, where it grows greater than 
 
 .ough phlegm. Ihe juice being snuffed | that which is wild, and grows in shadowy 
 
 up into the nostrils, purges the head, and sides of fields and woods. 
 
 nelps the lethargy, (yet the often eating Time] It flowers about July, and the 
 
 tli em is said to procure pains in the head.) j seed is ripe in August. 
 
 It hath been held by divers country people j Government and virtues] The Moon 
 
 a great preservative against infection, to eat towns the herb, and he that knows but her 
 
 Onions fasting with bread and salt: As j exaltaration, knows what I say is true 
 
 ftlso to make a great Onion hollow, filling j Orpine is seldom used in inward medicine* 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 131 
 
 
 
 with us, although Tragus saith from expe- 1 is also effectual against the venom of any 
 rience in Germany, that the distilled water j poisonous creature, and the danger that 
 thereof is profitable for gnawings or excori- * comes to them that have the lethargy, and 
 utions in the stomach or bowels, or for ul- jis as good against the cough. The distilled 
 cers in the lungs, liver, or other inward J water of Parsley is a familiar medicine with 
 parts, as also in the matrix, and helps all ! nurses to give their children when they are 
 those diseases, being drank for certain days \ troubled with wind in the stomach or belly 
 together. It stays the sharpness of humours i which they call the frets ; and is also much 
 in the bloody- flux, and other fluxes in the i available to them that are of great years 
 body, or in wounds. The root thereof | The leaves of Parsley laid to the eyes that 
 also performs the like effect. It is used {are inflamed with heat, or swollen, doth 
 outwardly to cool any heat or inflammation 5 much help them, if it be used with bread or 
 upon any hurt or wound, and eases the j meal ; and being fried with butter, and ap- 
 painsof them; as, also, to heal scaldings \ plied to women's breasts that are hard 
 or burnings, the juice thereof being beaten i through the curdling of their milk, it abates 
 with some green sallad oil, and anointed. | the hardness quickly ; and also takes away 
 The leaf bruised, and laid to any green \ black and blue marks coming of bruises or 
 wound in the hand or legs, doth heal them ! falls. The juice thereof dropped^into the 
 quickly; and being bound to the throat, (ears with a little wine, eases the pains, 
 much helps the quinsy ; it helps also rup-j Tragus sets dawn an excellent medicine to 
 tures and burstenness. If you please to] help the jaundice and falling sickness, the 
 make the juice thereof into a syrup with; dropsy, and stone in the kidneys, in this 
 honey or sugar, you may safely take a | manner : Take of the seed of Parsley, Fen- 
 epoonful or two at a time, (let my author j nel, Annise and Carraways, of each an 
 say what he will) for a quinsy, and you Bounce; of the roots of Parsley, Burnet, 
 shall find the medicine pleasant, and the \ Saxifrage, and Carraways, of each an ounce 
 cure speedy. j an( ] an h-df ; let the seeds be bruised, and 
 
 \ the roots washed and cut small ; let them 
 
 * Si- 11-1 i 1 {* 1 ' 
 
 | he all night to steep in a bottle of white 
 
 THIS is so well known, that it needs no JAvine, and in the morning be boiled in a 
 description. | close earthen vessel until a third part 01 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the j more be wasted ; which being strained and 
 dominion of Mercury; is very comfortable* cleared, take four ounces thereof morning 
 to the stomach ; helps to provoke urine cind (and evening first and last, abstaining from 
 women's courses, to break wind both in the | drink after 'ii for three hours. This opens 
 stomach and bowds, and doth a little open j obstructions of the liver and spleen, and 
 the body, but the root much more. It 'expels the dropsy and jaundice by urine, 
 opens obstructions both of liver and spleen, * 
 
 and is therefore accounted one of the five! PARSLEY PIERT > OR PARSLEY BREAK 
 opening roots. Galen commended itj STONE. 
 
 against the falling sickness, and to provoke I Descript.] THE root, although it be very 
 nnne mightily ; especially if the roots be Ismail and thready, yet it continues many 
 boiled, and eaten like Parsnips. The seed 1 years, from which arise many leaves lying 
 is effectual lo provoke urine and women's i along on the ground, each standing upon 
 courses, to expel wind, to break the stone,! a long small foot-stalk, the leaves as broad 
 and case the pains and torments thereof; it I as a man's nail, very deeply denied on the 
 
 M M 
 
132 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 edges, somewhat like a parsley-leaf, but of > the seed being ripe about the beginning of 
 
 'August, the second year after its sowing; 
 for if they do flower the first year, the coun- 
 try people call them Madneps. 
 
 a very dusky green colour. The stalks are 
 very weak and slender, about three or four 
 fingers in length, set so full of leaves that 
 
 they can hardly be seen, either having noj Government and virtues^] The garden 
 foot-stalk at all, or but very short; the | Parsnips are under Venus. The garden 
 flowers are so small they can hardly be; Parsnip nourishes much, and is good and 
 seen, and the seed as small as may be. \ wholesome nourishment, but a little windy, 
 
 Place.] It is a common herb throughout! whereby it is thought to procure bodily 
 the nation, and rejoices in barren, sandy, ; lust ; but it fastens the body much, if much 
 moist places. It may be found plentifully ! need. It is conducible to the stomach and 
 about Hampstead Heath, Hyde Park, and j reins, and provokes urine. But the wild 
 in Tothill-fields. j Parsnips hath a cutting, attenuating, clean- 
 
 Time.~\ It maybe found all the Sum-; sing, and opening quality therein. It re- 
 mer-time, even from the beginning of April jsists and helps the bitings of serpents, eases 
 to the end of October. i the pains and stitches in the sides, and dis- 
 
 Governmeni and virtues.] Its operation | solves wind both in the stomach and bowels, 
 is, very prevalent to provoke urine, and to j which is the cholic, and provokes urine, 
 break the stone. It is a very good salladjThe root is often used, but the seed much 
 herb. It were good the gentry would pickle \ more. The wild being better than the tame, 
 it up as they pickle up Samphire for their j shews Dame Nature to be the best phy- 
 use all the Winter. I cannot teach them j sician. 
 how to do it; yet this I can tell them, it is J 
 
 II || mi 1 * v/wWJrAlVOl>IJL.r & 
 
 a very wholesome herb. Ihey may alsoj 
 
 jeep the herb dry, or in a syrup, if they; Descnpt.") THIS grows with three or 
 please. You may take a dram of the pow-j four large, spread winged, rough leaves, 
 derof it in white wine; it would bring away Hying often on the ground, or else raised a 
 gravel from the kidneys insensibly, and j little from it, with long, round, hairy foot- 
 without pain. It also helps the stranguary.: stalks under them, parted usually into five 
 
 | divisions, the two couples standing each 
 | against the other ; and one at the end, and 
 
 THE garden kind thereof is so well known* each leaf, being almost round, yet some- 
 (the root being commonly eaten) that I j what deeply cut in on the edges in some* 
 shall not trouble you with any description Heaves, and not so deep in others, of a whitish 
 of it. But the wild kind being of more j green colour, smelling somewhat strongly; 
 physical use, I shall in this place describe ; among which rises up a round, crusted, 
 it unto you. ; hairy stalk, two or three feet high, with a 
 
 Descript.'] The wild Parsnip differs j few joints and leaves thereon, and branched 
 little from the garden, but grows not so fair ; at the top, where stand large umbels of 
 and large, nor hath so many leaves, and the {white, and sometimes reddish flowers, and 
 root is shorter, more woody, and not so fit \ after them flat, whitish, thin, winged seed, 
 to be eaten, and therefore more medicinal, j two always joined together. The root is 
 
 Place.'] The name of the first shews the | long and white, with two or three long 
 place of its growth. The other grows wild ! strings growing down into the ground, 
 in divers places, as in the marshes in Roches-; smelling likewise strongly and unpleasant 
 ter, and elsewhere, and flowers in July;: Place.] It grows in moist meadows,- an 1 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 133 
 
 ihe borders and corners of fields, and near; within the stone. It sooner waxes <<ld, 
 ditches, through this land. land decays, than the Apricot, by much. 
 
 Time."] It flowers in July, and seeds in 5 Place.'] They are nursed in gardens aiu. 
 August. } orchards through this land. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Mercury hath | Time.'] They flower in the Spring, and 
 the dominion over them. The seed thereof, j fructify in Autumn. 
 
 as Galen saith, is of a sharp and cutting) Government and virtues.'] Lady Venus 
 quality, and therefore is a fit medicine for; owns this tree, and by it opposes the ill 
 a cough and shortness of breath, the falling! effects of Mars, and indeed for children and 
 sickness and jaundice. The root is avail- j young people, nothing is better to purge 
 able to all the purposes aforesaid, and Jsjcholer and the jaundice, than the leaves or 
 also of great use to take away the hard j rlowers of this tree being made into a syrup 
 skin that grows on a fistula, if it be but | or conserve. Let such as delight to please 
 scraped upon it. The seed hereof being j their lust regard the fruit ; but such as have 
 drank, cleanses the belly from tough phleg-Uost their health, and their children's, let 
 
 matic matter therein, eases them that are 
 liver-grown, women's passions of the mother, 
 
 them regard what I say, they may safely 
 give two spoonfuls of the syrup at a time ; 
 
 as well being drank as the smoke thereof jit is as gentle as Venus herself. The leaves 
 received, and likewise raises such as are j of peaches bruised and laid on the belly, 
 fallen into a deep sleep, or have the lethargy, I kill worms, and so they do also being 
 by burning it under their nose. The seed j boiled in ale and drank, and open the belly 
 and root boiled in oil, and the head rubbed 1 likewise ; and, being dried, is a far safer 
 
 therewith, helps not only those that are 
 fallen into a frenzy, but also the lethargy or 
 
 medicine to discuss humours. The pow- 
 der of them strewed upon fresh bleeding 
 
 drowsy evil, and those that have been long \ wounds stays their bleeding, and closes 
 troubled with the head-ache, if it be like- j them up. The flowers steeped all night in 
 wise used with Rue. It helps also the runn-j a little wine standing warm, strained forth 
 ing scab and shingles. 'IV; juice of the | in the morning, and drank fasting, dotli 
 flowers dropped into the ears that run and j gently open the belly, and move it down- 
 are full of matter, cleanses and heals them, J ward. A syrup made of them, as the syrup 
 
 J of roses is made, works more forcibly than 
 
 TIIEPEACIITR.E.E * 
 
 \ that of roses, for it provokes vomiting, and 
 
 Descri})t.~\ A PEACH Tree grows not so j spends waterish and hydropic humours by 
 great as the Apricot tree, yet spreads! the continuance thereof. The flowers made 
 branches reasonable well, from whence j into a conserve, work the same effect, 
 spring smaller reddish twigs, whereon are \ The liquor that dropped from the tree, being 
 set long and narrow green leaves dented I wounded, is given in the decoction of Colts- 
 aboul the edges. The blossoms are greater j foot, to those that are troubled with a cough 
 than the plumb, and of a light purple: or shortness of breath, by adding thereunto 
 colour; the fruit round, and sometimes as j some sweet wine, and putting some saffron 
 big as a reasonable Pippin, others smaller, j also therein. It is good for those that are 
 as also differing in colour and taste, as rus-> hoarse, or have lost their voice; helps all 
 5Ct, red, or yellow, walerish or firm, with a (defects of the lungs, and those that vomit 
 
 Irixe or cotton all over, with a cleft therein | and spit blood. Two drams hereof given 
 (ike ui i Apricot, and a rugged, furrowed, | in the juice of lemor 
 
 
 lemons, or of radish, is good 
 great stone within it, and a bitter kernel ) for them that are troubled with the stone, 
 
134 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 the kernels of the stones do wonderfully j much more, and are very good in repelling 
 ease the pains and wringings of the belly j medicines ; and if the wild sort be boiled 
 through wind or sharp humours, and help; with mushrooms, it makes them less dan- 
 to make an excellent medicine for the stone \ gcrous. The said Pears boiled with a little 
 upon all occasions, in this manner: I take \ honey, help much the oppressed stomach, 
 fifty kernels of peach-stones, and one hundred \ as all sorts of them do, some more, some 
 of the kernels of cherry-stones, a handful of\ less : but the harsher sorts do more cool 
 elder flower* fresh or dried, and three pints ! and bind, serving well to be bound to green 
 of Muscadel; set them in a close pot into a bed ! wounds, to cool and stay the blood, and heal 
 of horse-dung for ten days, after zchich distill up the green wound without farther trouble, 
 in a glass with a gentle fire, and keep it for * orinflammation, asGalen saithhehath found 
 your use : You may drink upon occasion \ by experience. The wild Pears do sooner 
 three or four ounces at a time. The milk or \ close up the lipsof green wounds than others, 
 cream of these kernels being drawn forth i Schola Selerni advises to drink much 
 Avith some Vervain water and applied to ! wine after Pears, or else (say they) they are 
 the forehead and temples, doth much help j as bad as poison ; nay, and they curse the 
 to procure rest and sleep to sick persons j tree for it too ; but if a poor man find his 
 wanting it. The oil drawn from the kernels, j stomach oppressed by eating Pears, it is but 
 the temples being therewith anointed, doth j working hard, and it Avill do as Avell as 
 the like. The said oil put into clysters, \ drinking wine, 
 eases the pains of the Avind cholic : and \ 
 
 iU , ,. ,, PELLITORY OF SPAIN. 
 
 anointed on the lower part or the belly, j 
 
 doth the like, and dropped into the ears, | COMMON Pellitory of Spain, if it be 
 eases pains in them; the juice of the leaves planted in our gardens, Avill prosper very 
 doth the like. Being also anointed on the well ; yet there is one sort groAving orclina- 
 forehead and temples, it helps the megrim,: rily here Avild, Avhich I esteem to be little 
 and all other pains in the head. If the J inferior to the other, if at all. I shall not 
 
 kernels be bruised and boiled in vinegar, 
 until they become thick, and applied to the 
 head, it marvellously procures the hair to 
 groAv again upon bald places, or Avhere it is 
 too thin. 
 
 THE PEAR TREE. 
 
 deny you the description of them both. 
 
 T)escript.~\ Common Pellitory is a very 
 common plant, and Avill not be kept in our 
 gardens Avilhout diligent looking to. The 
 root goes down right into the ground bear- 
 ing leaves, being long and finely cut upon 
 the stalk, lying on the ground, much larger 
 PEAR Trees are soAvell knoAvn, that they j than the leaves of the Camomile are. At 
 teed no description. * the top it bears one single large flower at a 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The Tree belongs 
 to Venus, and so doth the Apple tree. For 
 
 place, having a border of many leaves, 
 Avhite on the upper side, and reddish under- 
 
 their physical use they are best discerned \ neath, Avith a yelloAV thrum in the middle, 
 "by their taste. All the sweet and luscious j not standing so close as that of Camomile, 
 sorts, Avhether manured or wild, do help to i The other common Pellitory Avhich 
 move the belly dowmvards, more or less. \ groAvs here, hath a root of a sharp biting 
 Those that are hard and sour, do, on the j taste, scarcely discernible by the taste from 
 contrary, bind the belly as much, and the) that before described, from whence arise 
 leaves do so also: Those that are moist do divers brittle stalks, a yard high and more 
 in some sort cool, but harsh or wild sorts i with narrow leaves finely dented about the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED, l6 
 
 edges, standing one above another up to j black, rough seed, which will stick to any 
 the tops. The flowers are many and white, | cloth or garment that shall touch it. The 
 standing in tufts like those of Yarrow, with; root is somewhat long, with small fibres 
 a small yellowish thrum in the middle. } thereat, of a dark reddish colour, which 
 The seed is very small. j abides the Winter, although the stalks and 
 
 Place.'] The last grows in fields by the j leaves perish and spring every year, 
 hedge sides and paths, almost every where. | Place.~\ It grows wild generally through 
 
 Time.'] It flowers at the latter end of j the land, about the borders of fields, and by 
 June and July. I the sides of walls, and among rubbish. It 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the i will endure well being brought up in gar- 
 government of Mercury, and I am per- j dens, and planted on the shady side, 
 suaded it is one of the best purgers of the j where it will spring of it own sowing. 
 brain that grows. An ounce of the juice! Time.'] It flowers in June and July, and 
 taken in a draught of Muskadel an hour \ the seed is ripe soon after, 
 before the fit of the ague comes, it will : Government and virtues] It is under the 
 assuredly drive away the ague at the second: dominion of Mercury. The dried herb 
 or third time taken at the farthest. Either? Pellitory made up into an electuary with 
 the herb or root dried and cl.cwed in the; honey, or the juices of the herb, or the de- 
 mouth, purges the brain of plegma'ie \ coction thereof made up with sugar or 
 humours; thereby not only easing pains in jhoii3y, is a singular remedy for an old or 
 the head and teeth, but also hinders the: dry cough, the shortness of breath, and 
 distilling of the brain upon the lungs and | wheezing in the throat. Three ounces of 
 eyes, thereby preventing coughs, phthisicks i the juice thereof taken at a time, doth won- 
 and consumption, the apoplexy and falling! derfully help stopping of the urine, and to 
 sickness. It is an excellently approved j expel the stone or gravel in the kidneys or 
 remedjr in the lethargy. The powder of the I bladder, and is therefore usually put among 
 herb or root being snuffed up the nostrils, J other herbs used in clysters to mitigate 
 procures sneezing, and. eases the head-ache; j pains in the back, sides, or bowels, pro- 
 being made into an ointment with hog's : ceeding of wind, stopping of urine, the 
 grease, it takes away black and blue spots i gravel or stone, as aforesaid. If the bruised 
 occasioned by blows or falls, and helps both j herb, sprinkled with some Muskadel, be 
 the gout and sciatica. j warmed upon a tile, or in a dish upon a 
 
 few quick coals in a chafing-dish, and ap- 
 
 r & Li Lii L\J Li. i. \j if I 11 E* W Alt Li i i . .1 in . i i /v 
 
 1 plied to the belly, it works the same effect. 
 
 Descript.'] IT rises with brownish, red, 1 The decoction of the herb being drank, 
 tender, weak, clear, and almost transparent \ eases pains of the mother, and brings down 
 stalks, about two feet high, upon which 5 women's courses : It also eases those griefs 
 grow at the joints two leaves somewhat \ that arise from obstructions of the liver, 
 broad and long, of a dark green colour, j spleen, and reins. The same decoction, 
 which afterwards turn brownish, smooth on i with a little honey added thereto, is good 
 the edges, but rough and hairy, as the \ to gargle a sore throat. The juice held a 
 talks are also. At the joints with the j while in the mouth, eases pains in the teeth, 
 leaves from the middle of the stalk upwards, \ The distilled water of the herb drank with 
 where it spreads into branches, stand many j some sugar, works the same effects, and 
 small, pale, purplish flowers in hairy, rough cleanses the skin from spots, freckles, pur 
 heads, or husks, after which come small, 5 pies, wheats, sun-burn, morphew, &c. The 
 
 H JS 
 
130 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 juice dropped into the ears, eases the noise | There is a greater kind than the ordinary 
 in them, and takes away the pricking ancHsort found wild with us, which so abides, 
 shooting pains therein : The same, or the 'being brought into gardens, and differs not 
 distilled water, assuages hot and swelling { from it, but only in tne largeness of the 
 imposthumes, burnings and scaldings by Heaves and stalks, in rising higher, and not 
 fire or water ; as also all other hot tumours ! creeping upon the ground so much. The 
 and inflammations, or breakings-ouf, of flowers whereof are purple, growing in run- 
 heat, being bathed often with wet cloths j dies about the stalks like the other, 
 dipped therein : The said juice made into j 'Place.'] The first, which is common in 
 a liniment with ceruss, and oil of roses, and j gardens, grows also in many moist and 
 anointed therewith, cleanses foul rotten ; watery places of this land, 
 ulcers, and stays spreading or creeping! The second is found wild in effect in 
 ulcers, and running scabs or sores in chil-j divers places by the highways from London 
 dren's heads; and helps to stay the hair \ to Colchester, and thereabouts, more abun- 
 from falling off the head. The said oint-jdantlv than in any other counties, and is 
 ment, or the herb applied to the fundament, \ also planted in their gardens in Essex, 
 opens the piles, and eases their pains ; and { Time.'] They flower in the latter end of 
 being mixed with goats' tallow, helps the i Summer, about August, 
 gout. The juice is very effectual to cleanse: Government and virtues.'] The herb is 
 fistulas, and to heal them up safely ; or the; under Venus. Dioscorides sailh, that 
 herb itself bruised and applied with a little j Pennyroyal makes thin tough phlegm, 
 salt. It is likewise also effectual to heal j warms the coldness of any part whereto it 
 any green wound ; if it be bruised and | is applied, and digests raw or corrupt mat- 
 bound thereto for three days, you shall ; ter ; Being boiled and drank, it provokes 
 need no other medicine to heal it further. ; women's courses, and expels the dead child 
 A poultice made hereof with Mallows, and \ and after-birth, and stays the disposition 
 boiled in wine and wheat bran and bean \ to vomit, being taken in water and vinegar 
 flour, and some oil put thereto, and ap- i mingled together. And being mingled with 
 plied warm to any bruised sinews, tendon, i honey and salt, it voids phlegm out of the 
 or muscle, doth in a very short time restore ; lungs, and purges melancholy by the stool, 
 them to their strength, taking away the i Drank with wine, it helps such as are bitten 
 pains of the bruises, and dissolves the con- ; and stung with venomous beasts, and ap- 
 gealed blood coming of blows, or falls from < plied to the nostrils with vinegar, revives 
 high places. 5 those that are fainting and swooning. 
 
 7 l'he juice of Pellitory of the Wall clarified ; Being dried and burnt, it strengthens the 
 and boiled in a syrup with honey, and a; gums. It is helpful to those that are trou- 
 spoonful of it drank every morning by such ! bled with the gout, being applied of itself 
 as are subject to the dropsy ; if continuing j to the place until it was red ; and applied 
 that course, though but once a weak, they | in a plaister, it takes away spots or marks 
 ever have the dropsy, let them but come j in the face; applied with salt, it profits those 
 to me, and I will cure them gratis. I that are splenetic, or livergrown. The d<- 
 
 \ coction doth help the itch, if washed there- 
 | with. The green herb bruised and put 
 
 PENNYROYAL is so well known unto j into vinegar, cleanses foul ulcers, and takes 
 all, 1 mean the common kind, that it needs taway the marks of bruises and blows about 
 no description. |the eyes, and a.l discolourings of the face 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 137 
 
 by lire, yea, and the leprosy, being drank j The ordinary Female Peony hath as 
 and outwardly applied : Boiled in wine! many stalks, and more leaves on them than 
 with honey and salt, it helps the tooth-ache, j the Male; the leaves not so large, but nickea 
 It helps the cold griefs by the joints, taking! on the edges, some with great and deep, 
 away the pains, and warms the cold part, \ others with small cuts and divisions, of a 
 being fast bound to the place, after a ! dead green colour. The flowers are of a 
 bathing or sweating in a hot house. Pliny \ strong heady scent, usually smaller, and of 
 adds, that Pennyroyal and Mints together, ! a more purple colour than the Male, with 
 help faintings, being put into vinegar, and \ yellow thrums about the head, as the Male 
 smelled unto, or put into the nostrils or | hath. The seed vessels are like horns, as in 
 mouth. It eases head-aches, pains of the j the Male, but smaller, the seed is black, 
 breast and belly, and gnawings of the j but less shining. The root consists of many 
 stomach ; applied with honey, salt, and | short tuberous clogs, fastened at the end of 
 vinegar, it helps cramps or convulsions of I long strings, and all from the heads of the 
 the sinews: Boiled in milk, and drank, ill roots, which is thick and short, and of the 
 is effectual for the cough, and for ulcers i like scent with the Male. 
 
 and sores in the mouth; drank in wine it: 
 
 Place and Time.'] They grow in gardens, 
 
 provokes women's courses, and expels the j and flower usually about May. 
 
 dead child, and after-birth. Matthiolusj Government and virtues.'] It is an herb of 
 
 saith, The decoction thereof being drank, 
 helps the jaundice and dropsy, all pains of 
 the head and sinews that come of a cold 
 
 the Sun, and under the Lion. Physicians 
 say, Male Peony roots are best ; but Dr. 
 Reason told me Male Peony was best for 
 
 cause, and clears the eye-sight. It helps j men, and Female Peony for women, and he 
 the lethargy, and applied with barley -meal, j desires to be judged by his brother Dr. 
 helps burnings ; and put into the ears, eases \ Experience. The roots are held to be of 
 the pains of them. j more virtue than the seed; next the flowers; 
 
 MALE AND PEMALE PEONY. | f^^J/f l *"' ^ ^^ ^ *?**. f 
 
 | the Male Peony, fresh gathered, having 
 
 Descript.'] MALE Peony rises up with j been found by experience to cure the fall- 
 brownish stalks, Avhereon grow green and \ ing sickness ; but the surest way is, besides 
 reddish leaves, upon a stalk without any j hanging it about the neck, by which children 
 particular division in the leaf at ah. The? have been cured, to take the root of the 
 flowers stand at the top cf the stalks, con- 1 Male Peony washed clean, and stamped 
 sisting of five or six broad leaves, of a fair j some what small, and -laid to infuse in sack 
 purplish red colour, with many yellow ; for 24 hours at the least, afterwards strain 
 threads in the middle standing about the lit, and take it first and last, morning and 
 head, which after rises up to be the seed } evening, a good draught for sundry days 
 vessels, divided into two, three, or four j together, before and after a full moon : and 
 crooked pods like horns, which being full ; this will also cure old persons, if the clis- 
 ripe, open and turn themselves down back- j ease be not grown too old, and past cure, 
 wards, shewing with them divers round, especially if there be a due and orderly 
 black, shining seeds, having also many | preparation of the body with posset-drink 
 crimson grains, intermixed with black, j made of Betony, &c. The root is also 
 whereby it makes a very pretty shew. The j effectual for women that are not sufficiently 
 roots are great, thick and long, spreading \ cleansed after child-birth, and such as are 
 and running down deep in the ground. j troubled with the mother ; for which like- 
 
138 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 wise the black seed beaten to powder, and | hereof to be bruised, and mixed with old 
 given in wine, is also available. The black j hog's grease, and applied to the place, and 
 seed also taken before bed-time, and in j to continue thereon four hours in men, and 
 the morning, is very effectual for such as in j two hours in women, the place being r.fter- 
 their sleep are troubled with the disease I wards bathed with wine and oil mixed 
 called Ephialtes, or Incubus, but we do j together, and then wrapped up with wool 
 commonly call it the Night-rnare: a disease j or skins, after they have sweat a little. It 
 which melancholy persons are subject unto: | also amends the deformities or discolour- 
 It is also good against melancholy dreams. | ings of the skin, and helps to take away 
 The distilled water or syrup made of the; marks, scars, and scabs, or the foul marks 
 rlowers, works the same effects that the root! of burning with fire or iron. The juice 
 and seed do, although more weakly. The > hereof is by some used to be given in ale to 
 Females is often used for the purpose afore- j drink, to women with child, to procure 
 said, by reason the Male is so scarce a -them a speedy delivery in travail, 
 plant that it is possessed by few and those j PERIWINKLE. 
 
 great lovers or rarities in this kind. 
 
 DescriptJ] THE common sort hereof 
 
 PEPPERWORT, OR DITTANDER. j i .1 u -v 
 
 Uiath many branches trailing or running 
 
 Descript.] OUR common Pepperwortj upon the ground, shooting out small fibres 
 sends forth somewhat long and broad leaves, j at the joints as it runs, taking thereby hold 
 of a light blueish green colour, finely | in the ground, and rootelh in divers places, 
 dented about the edges, and pointed at the! At the joints of these branches stand two 
 ends, standing upon round hard stalks, small, dark-green, shining leaves, somewhat 
 
 three or four feet high, spreading many 
 branches on all sides, and having many 
 
 like bay leaves, but smaller, and with them 
 come forth also the flowers (one at a joint) 
 
 small white flowers at the tops of them, standing upon a tender foot-stalk, being 
 after which follow small seeds in small j somewhat long and hollow, parted at the 
 heads. The root is slender, running much! brims, sometimes into four, sometimes into 
 under ground, an,d shooting up again in : five leaves: The most ordinary sorts are ot 
 many places, and* both leaves and roots area pale blue colour; some are pure white, 
 very hot and sharp of taste, like pepper, for i some of a dark reddish purple colour. The 
 which cause it took the name. j root is little bigger than a rush, bushing in 
 
 Place.~] It grows naturally in many 5 the ground, and creeping with his branches 
 places of this land, as at Clare in Essex ;ifar about, whereby it quickly possesses a 
 also near unto Exeter in Devonshire; upon \ great compass, and is therefore mos' 
 Rochester common in Kent ; in Lanca- 5 usually planted under hedges where it may 
 shire, and divers other places ; but usually \ have room to run. 
 kept in gardens. Placed] Those with the pale blue, and 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers in the end of June, I those with the white flowers, grow in woods 
 and in July. land orchards, by the hedge-sides, in divci.^ 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Here is another j places of this land ; but those with the pui- 
 martial herb for you, make much of it. pie flowers, in gardens only. 
 Pliny and Paulus ^Egineta say, that Pep- ; Time.'] They flower in March and April 
 perwort is very successful for the sciatica, \ Government and virtues.'] Venus owns 
 or any other gout or pain in the joints, or} this herb, and saith, That the leaves eaten 
 any other inveterate grief: The leaves | by man and wife together, cause love be- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 1 
 
 Iween them. The Periwinkle is a great land Northamptonshire; as also near water- 
 binder, stays bleeding both at mouth and J courses in other places, 
 nose, if some of the leaves be chewed, j Time.~] It flowers in June and July, and 
 The French used it to stay women's courses. | the seed is ripe in August. 
 Dioscorides, Galen, and ^Egineta, com- ; Government and virtues.'] There is not 
 mend it against the lasks and fluxes of the; a straw to choose between this and St. 
 belly to be drank in wine. I John's Wort, only St. Peter must have it, 
 
 (lest he should want pot herbs; It is of the 
 ST. PETER'S WORT | same property fo St. John's Wort, but some- 
 
 j what weaker, and therefore more seldom 
 
 IF Superstition had not been the father j used. Two drams of the seed taken at a 
 of Tradition, as well as Ignorance the j time in honied water, purges choleric 
 Mother of Devotion, this herb, (as well as; humours, (as saith Dioscorides, Pliny, and 
 St. John's Wort) hath found some other j Galen,) and thereby helps those that are 
 name to be known by ; but we may say of i troubled with the sciatica. The leaves are 
 our forefathers, as St. Paul of the Athenians, ? used as St. John's Wort, to help those 
 / perceive in many things you are too super- j places of the body that have been burnt 
 stitious. Yet seeing it is come to pass, ; with fire, 
 that custom having got in possession,! 
 
 i / , i Tiiii llJMrJjlvJNJ^-L. 
 
 pleads prescription for the name, 1 snail ; 
 
 let it pass, and come to the description of j DescriptJ] COMMON Pimpernel hath 
 the herb, which take as follows. i divers weak square stalks lying on the 
 
 - Descript."] It rises up with square up- I ground, beset all with two small and almost 
 right stalks for the most par.t, some greater ; round leaves at every joint, one against 
 and higher than St. John's Wort (and good another, very like Chickweed, but hath no 
 reason too, St. Peter being the greater | foot-stalks ; for the leaves, as it were, com- 
 apostle, (ask the Pope else;) for though; pase the stalk. The flowers stand singly 
 God would have the saints equal, the Pope teach by themselves at them and the stalk, 
 is of another opinion,) but brown in the 1 consistingof fivesmall round-pointed leaves, 
 same manner, having two leaves at every < of a pale red colour, tending to an orange, 
 joint, somewhat like, but larger, than St. \ with so many threads in the middle, in whose 
 John's Wort, and a little rounder pointed, ! places succeed smooth round heads, where- 
 with few or no holes to be seen thereon, and : in is contained small seed. The root is 
 having sometimes some smaller leaves rising j small and fibrous, perishing every year, 
 from the bosom* of the greater, and some^l Placed] It grows almost every where 
 times a little hairy also. At the tops of two j as well in the meadows and corn-fields, 
 stalks stand many star-like flowers, with j as by the way-sides, and in gardens, arising 
 yellow threads in the middle, very like! of itself. 
 
 those of St. John's Wort, insomuch that I Time.'] It flowers from May until April, 
 this is hardly discerned from it, but only by ! and the seed ripens in the mean time, and 
 the largeness and height, the seed being! falls. 
 
 alike also in both. The root abides long, \ Government and virtues.'] It is a gallant 
 sending forth new shoots every year. { solar herb, of a cleansing attractive quality, 
 
 Place."] It grows in many groves, and ? whereby it draws forth thorns or splinters, 
 email low woods, in divers places of this j or other such like things gotten into the 
 land, as in Kent, Huntingdon, Cambridge, flesh ; and put up into the nostrils, purges 
 
 o o 
 
140 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 the head; and Galen sailh also, they have! along among the leaves; after which come 
 si drying faculty, whereby they are good to : small and round husks. The root is small 
 solder the lips of wounds, and to cleanse: and woody, perishing every year, 
 foul ulcers. The distilled water or juice is! Place.'] It grows more plentifully in 
 much esteemed by French dames to cleanse | Kent than any other county of this land, as 
 ihe skin from any roughness and defor- ; namely, in many places on this side Dart- 
 mity, or discolouring thereof ; being boiled j ford, along to Southfleet, Chatham, and 
 in wine and given to drink, it is a good j Rochester, and upon Chatham down, hard 
 remedy against the plague, and othei pes- { by the Beacon, and half a mile from 
 tilential fevers, if the party after taking it * Rochester, in a field near a house called 
 be warm in his bed, and sweat for two j Selesys. 
 
 hours after, and use the same for twice at! Time.'] It flowers and gives seed in the 
 least. It helps also all stingings and 'Summer months. 
 
 bitings of venomous beasts, or mad dogs, j Government and virtues.'] Mars owns the 
 being' used inwardly, and applied outward-: herb. The decoction of Ground Pine 
 ly. The same also opens obstructions of {drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the 
 the liver, and is very available against the j stranguary, or any inward pains arising 
 infirmities of the reins : It provokes urine, j from the diseases of the reins and urine, 
 and helps to expel the stone and gravel land is especially good for all obstructions of 
 out of the kidneys and bladder, and helps | the liver and spleen, and gently opens 
 much in all inward pains and ulcers. The: ihe body; for which purpose they were 
 decoction, or distilled water, is no less ef- i wont in former times to make pills with the 
 fecf.ual to be applied to all wounds that are j powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It 
 fresh and green, or old, filthy, fretting, and \ marvellously helps ail the diseases of the 
 running ulcers, which it very effectually j mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, 
 cures in a short space. A little mixed : procuring women's courses, and expelling 
 with the juice, and dropped into the eyes, > the dead child and after-birth ; yea, it is so 
 cleanses them from cloudy mists, or thick \ powerful upon those feminine parts, that it 
 films which grow over them, and hinder > is utterly forbidden for women with child, 
 the sight. It helps the tooth-ache, being; for it will cause abortion or delivery before 
 dropped into the ear on a contrary side of j the time. The decoction of the herb in 
 the pain. It is also effectual to case the' wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, 
 pains of the haemorrhoids or piles. lor both, for some time together, Js also 
 
 j effectual in all pains and diseases of tin- 
 GROUND PINE. OR ciiAMEPiTYs. | jointS) as gouts , ^mps, palsies, S ciatica,and 
 
 Deseript.] Otni common Ground Pine 1 aches; for which purpose the pills made 
 grows low, seldom rising above a hand's i with powder of Ground Pine, and of Her- 
 breadlh high, shooting forth divers small unodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very 
 branches, set with slender, small, long, nar-l effectual. The pills also, continued for 
 row, greyish, or whitish leaves, somewhat \ some time, are special good for those that 
 hairy, and divided into three parts, many | have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping 
 bushing together at a joint, some growing > pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts 
 
 from ihe joint of the stalk all* ness. It is a special remedy for the DOISOD 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 141 
 
 of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, , from the head, and stays all manner of 
 as also against the stinging of any vcno- fluxes, even women's courses, when they 
 mous creature. It is a good remedy for a : flow too abundantly. It is good to slay 
 cold cough, especially in the beginning. ' spitting of blood and other bleedings at the 
 For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb j mouth, or the making of foul and bloody 
 being tunned up in new drink and drank, \ water, by reason of any ulcer in the reins 
 is almost as effectual, but far more accepta- \ or bladder, and also stays the too free 
 ble to weak and dainty stomachs. The { bleeding of wounds. It is held an especial 
 distilled water of the herb hath the same: remedy for those that are troubled with the 
 effects, but more weakly. The conserve! phthisic, or consumption of the lungs, or 
 of the flowers doth the like, which Mat-: ulcers of the lungs, or coughs that come of 
 thiolus much commends against the palsy. { heat. The decoction or powder of the 
 The green herb, or the decoction thereof, j roots or seeds, is much more binding for all 
 being applied, dissolves the harhness of \ the purposes aforesaid than the leaves, 
 women's breasts, and all other hard swell- \ Dioscorides saith, that three roots boiled in 
 ings in any other part of the body. The \ wine and taken, helps the tertain agues, and 
 green herb also applied, or the juice thereof \ for the quartan agues, (but letting the num- 
 with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, j her pass as fabulous) I conceive the decoc- 
 stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and | tion of divers roots may be effectual. The 
 sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up | herb (but especially the seed) is held to be 
 the lips of green wounds in any part also. ! profitable against the dropsy, the falling- 
 Let pregnant women forbear, for it works \ sickness, the yellow jaundice, and stoppings 
 violently upon the feminine part. } of the liver and reins. The roots of Plan- 
 
 I tain, and Pellitory of Spain, beaten into 
 ; powder, and put into the hollow teeth, takes 
 
 THIS grows usually in meadows and j away the pains of them. The clarified 
 fields, and bypath sides, and is so well j juice, or distilled water, dropped into the 
 known, that it needs no description. j eyes, cools the inflammations in them, and 
 
 TimeJ] It is in its beauty about Ji;ne,j takes away th" pm and web; and dropped 
 and the seed ripens shortly after. unto the ears, eases the pains in them, and 
 
 Government and virtues,'] It is true, Mis- { heals and removes the heat. The sanw 
 aldus and others, yea, almost all astrology- i also with the juice of Houseleek is profitable 
 physicians, hold this to be an herb of Mars, j against an inflammations and breakings out 
 because it cures the diseases of the head j of the skin, and against burnings and scald- 
 and privities, which are under the houses: ings by fire and water. The juice or de- 
 of Mars, Aries, and Scorpio : The truth is, | coction made either of itself, or other things 
 it is under the command of Venus, and > of the like nature, is of much use and good 
 cures the head by antipathy to Mars, and j effect for old and hollow ulcers that are hard 
 the privities by sympathy to Venus; neither | to be cured, and for cankers and sores in 
 is there hardly a martial disease but it j the mouth or privy parts of man or woman; 
 cures. | and helps also the pains of the piles in the 
 
 The juice of Plantain clarified and drank j fundament. The juice mixed with oil ot 
 fur clivers days together, either of itself, or J roses, and the temples and forehead anoint- 
 in other drink, prevails wonderfully against led therewith, eases the pains of the head 
 all torments or excoriations in the intestines \ proceeding from heat, and helps lunatic 
 or bowels, helps the distillations of rheum .* and frantic persons very much; as also die 
 
142 THE COMPLETE HERBAt 
 
 biting of serpents, or a mad clog. The; stone. The gum or leaves boiled in vino- 
 same also is profitably applied to all hot -gar, and applied, kills tetters and ring- 
 gouts in the feet or hands, especially in the: worms. Matthiolus saith, The oil pre- 
 beginning. It is also good to be applied i served out of the kernels of the stones, as 
 where any bone is out of joint, to hinder |oil of almonds is made, is good against the 
 inflammations, swellings, and pains that ! inflamed piles, the tumours or swellings of 
 presently rise thereupon. The powder of: ulcers, hoarseness of the voice, roughness 
 the dried leaves taken in drink, kills worms: of the tongue and throat, and likewise the 
 of the belly; and boiled in wine, kills | pains in the ears. And that five ounces 
 worms that breed in old and foul ulcers, j of the said oil taken with one ounce of nurs- 
 One part of Plantain water, and two parts! kadcl, drives forth the stone, and helps the 
 of the brine of powdered beef, boiled \ cholic. 
 together and clarified, is a most sure remedy ; 
 
 ,- .i- 7 POLYPODY OF TllK OAK. 
 
 to heal all spreading scabs or itch in the> 
 
 head and body, all manner of tellers, ring- 1 DescriptJ] Tins is a small herb consist- 
 worms, ihe shingles, and all other running ; ing of nothing but roots and leaves, bearing 
 and fretting sores. Briefly, the Plantains j neither stalk, flower, nor seed, as it is 
 are singularly good wound herbs, to heal * thought. It hath three or four leaves 
 fresh or old wounds or sores, either inward t rising from the root, every one single by 
 or outward i itself, of about a hand length, are winged, 
 
 $ consisting of many small narrow leaves 
 
 Tj TT r Q i ^ */ 
 
 \ cut inlo the middle rib, standing on each 
 
 ARE so well known that they need no i side of the stalk, large below, and smallei 
 description. :upto the top, not dented nor notched at 
 
 Government and virtues.'] All Plums are i the edges at all, as the male fern hath, of 
 under Venus, and are like women, some \ sad green colour, and smooth on the upper 
 better, and some worse. As there is great \ side, but on the other side somewhat rough 
 diversity of kinds, so there is in the opera- j by reason of some yellowish flowers set 
 Iron of Plums, for some that are sweet \ thereon. The root is smaller than one's 
 moistens the stomach, and make the belly \ little finger, lying aslope, or creeping along 
 soluble ; those that are sour quench thirsts under the upper crust of the earth, brown- 
 more, and bind the belly; the moist and : ish on the outside and greenish within, 01 
 waterish do sooner corrupt in the stomach, j a sweetish harshness in tasle, set with ccr- 
 but the firm do nourish more, and offend \ tain rough knags on each side thereof, 
 less. The dried fruit sold by the grocers Uiaving also much mossiness or yellow hair- 
 under the names of Damask Prunes, do liness upon it, and some fibres underneath it, 
 somewhat loosen the belly, and being! whereby it is nourished, 
 stewed, are often used, both in health andj Place.'] It grows as well upon old rotten 
 sickness, to relish the mouth und stomach,: stumps, or trunks of trees, as oak, beech, 
 10 procure appetite, and a lillle to open ha/el, willow, or any other, as in the woods 
 the body, allay cholcr, and cool the i under them, and upon old mud walls, as 
 stomach. Plum-tree leaves boiled in wine, 'also in mossy, stony, and gravelly places 
 are good to wash and gargle the mouth and j near unto wood. That which grows upon 
 hroat, to dry the flux of rheum coming to j oak is accounted the best; but the quantity 
 the palate, gums, or almonds of the ear. j thereof is scarce sufficient for the common 
 The gum ot the tree is good to break the use 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 143 
 
 Time.'] It being always green, may be \ doth much help it; and applied also to the 
 gathered for use at any time. \ nose, cures the disease called Polypus, which 
 
 Government and virtues.] Polypodium ofjis a piece of flesh growing therein, which 
 the Oak, that which grows upon the earth ? in time stops the passage of breath through 
 is best ; it is an herb of Saturn, to purge j that nostril ; and it helps those clefts or 
 melancholy ; if the humour be otherwise, \ chops that come between the fingers or 
 chuseyour Polypodium accordingly. Meuse j toes, 
 (who is called the Physician's Evangelist for 3 POPTAR TR 
 
 \ / 1 J* J.I.L& J- HJB |rU.Ir IjAJL i JEHS-Ei 
 
 the certainty or his medicines, and the I 
 
 truth of his opinion) saith, That it dries up \ THERE are two sorts of Poplars, which 
 thin humours, digests thick and tough, and \ are most familiar with us, viz. the Black 
 purges burnt choler, and especially tough ( and White, both which I shall here des- 
 and thick phlegm, and thin phlegm also, \ cribe unto you. 
 
 even from the joints, and therefore good for | Descript.] The White Poplar grows 
 those that are troubled with melancholy, or j great, and reasonably high, covered with 
 quartan agues, especially if it be taken in j thick, smooth, white bark, especially the 
 whey or honied water, or in barley-water, j branches ; having long leaves cut into 
 or the broth of a chicken with Epithymum, \ several divisions almost like a vine leaf, but 
 or with Beets and Mallows. It is good for | not of so deep a green on the upper side, 
 the hardness of the spleen, and for pricking { and hoary white underneath, of a reason- 
 or stitches in the sides, as also for the cholic: j able good scent, the whole form represent- 
 Some use to put to it some Fennel seeds, or > ing the form of Collsfoot. The catkins 
 Annis seeds, or Ginger, to correct that : which it brings forth before the leaves, are 
 loathing it brings to the stomach, which is i long, and of a faint reddish colour, which 
 more than needs, it being a safe and gentle j fall away, bearing seldom good seed with 
 medicine, fit for all persons, which daily | them. The wood hereof is smooth, soft, 
 experience confirms ; and an ounce of it i and white, very finely waved, whereby it is 
 may be given at a time in a decoction, if: much esteemed. 
 
 there be not Sena, or some other strong * The Black Poplar grows higher and 
 purger put with it. A dram or two of the | straighter than the White, with a greyish 
 powder of the dried roots, taken fasting in \ bark, bearing broad green leaves, somewhat 
 a cup of honied water, works gently, and \ like ivy leaves, not cut in on the edges like 
 for the purposes aforesaid. The distilled | the White, but whole and dented, ending 
 
 water both of roots and leaves, is much 
 commended for the quartan ague, to be 
 taken for many days together, as also 
 
 in a point, and not white underneath, hang- 
 ing by slender long foot stalks, which with 
 the air are continually shaken, like as the 
 
 against melancholy, or fearful and trouble- j Aspen leaves are. The catkins hereof are 
 some sleeps or dreams ; and with some I greater than those of the White, composed 
 sugar-candy dissolved therein, is good j of many round green berries, as if they 
 
 against the cough, shortness of breath, and 
 
 were set together in a long cluster, contain- 
 
 uheczings, and those distillations of thin ing much downy matter, which being ripe, 
 rheum upon the lungs, which cause phthi- j is blown away with the wind. The clammy 
 sicks, and oftentimes consumptions. The \ buds hereof, before they spread into leaves 
 fresh roots beaten small, or the powder of j are gathered to make Unguentum an 
 the dried roots mixed with honey, and ap- \ Populneum, and are of a yellowish green 
 plied to the member that is out of joint, j colour, and somewhat small, sweet, but 
 
 p P 
 
144 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 strong. The wood is smooth, tough, and) the White and black of the Garden, and 
 white, and easy to be cloven. On both j the Erratic Wild Poppy, or Corn Rose, 
 these trees grows a sweet kind of musk, j Descript.'] The White Poppy hath at 
 which in former times was used to put into j first four or five whitish green leaves lying 
 sweet ointments. j upon the ground, which rise with the stalk, 
 
 Placed] They grow in moist woods, and \ compassing it at the bottom of them, and 
 by water-sides in sundry places of this land ; 5 are very large, much cut or torn on the 
 yet the White is not so frequent as the other. \ edges, and dented also besides : The stalk, 
 
 Time.~] Their time is likewise expressed ! which is usually four or five feet high, hath 
 before : The catkins coming forth before ! sometimes no branches at the top, and 
 the leaves in the end of Summer. ; usually but two or three at most, bearing 
 
 Government and virtues.] Saturn hath \ every one but one head wrapped up in a 
 dominion over both. White Poplar, saith \ thin skin, which bows down before it is 
 Galen, is of a cleansing property: The* ready to blow, and then rrsing, and being 
 weight of an ounce in powder, of the bark j broken, the flowers within it spreading itself 
 thereof, being drank, saith Dioscorides, is ! open, and consisting of four very large, 
 a remedy for those that are troubled with { white, round leaves, with many whitish 
 the sciatica, or the stranguary. The juice \ round threads in the middle, set about a 
 of the leaves dropped warm into the ears, j small, round, green head, having a crown, 
 eases the pains in them. The young ! or star-like cover at the head thereof, which 
 clammy buds or eyes, before they break j growing ripe, becomes as large as a great 
 out into leaves, bruised, and a little honey ; apple, wherein are contained a great num- 
 put to them, is a good medicine for a dull ; ber of small round seeds, in several parti- 
 sight. The Black Poplar is held to be : tions or divisions next unto the shell, the 
 more cooling than the White, and therefore i middle thereof remaining hollow, and 
 the leaves bruised with vinegar and applied, | empty. The whole plant, both leaves, 
 help the gout. The seed drank in vinegar, I stalks, and heads, while they are fresh, 
 js held good against the falling-sickness, i young, and green, yield a milk when they 
 The water that drops from the hollow places : are broken, of an unpleasant bitter taste, 
 of this tree, takes away warts, pushes, j almost ready to provoke casting, and of a 
 wheals, and other the like breakings-out of | strong heady smell, which being condensed, 
 the body. The young Black Poplar buds, j is called Opium. The root is white and 
 saith Matthiolus, are much used by women woody, perishing as soon as it hath given 
 to beautify their hair, bruising them with ! ripe seed. 
 
 fresh butter, straining them after they have! The Black Poppy little differs from the 
 been kept for some time in the sun. The \ former, until it baers its flower, which is 
 ointment called Populneon, which is made | somewhat less, and of a black purplish 
 of this Poplar, is singularly good for all | colour, but without any purple spots in the 
 heat and inflammations in any part of the I bottom of the leaf. The head of the seed 
 body, and tempers the heat of wounds. It i is much less than the former, and opens 
 is much used to dry up the milk of women's j itself a little roundabout the top, under 
 breasts when they have weaned their j the crown, so that the seed, which is very 
 children. i black, will fall out, if one turn the head 
 
 ! thereof downward. 
 y* The wild Poppy, or Corn Rose, hath lont 
 
 OF this I shall describe three kinds, viz. \ and narrow leaves, very much cut in on the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 145 
 
 edges into many divisions, of a light green j the Moon. The garden Poppy heads with 
 colour, sometimes hairy withal. The stalk | seeds made into a syrup, is frequently, and 
 is blackish and hairy also, but not so tall as * to good effect used to procure rest, and 
 the garden kind, having some such like : sleep, in the sick and weak, and to stay 
 leaves thereon to grow below, parted into ; catarrhs and defluxions of thin rheums 
 
 three or four branches sometimes, whereon 
 
 from the head into the stomach and lungs, 
 
 grow small hairy heads bowing down be- ;; causing a continual cough, the fore-runner 
 fore the skin break, wherein the flower is j of a consumption ; it helps also hoarseness 
 inclosed, which when it is fully blown open, j of the throat, and when one have lost their 
 is of a fair yellowish red or crimson colour, \ voice, which the oil of the seed doth like- 
 and in some much paler, without any spot j wise. The black seed boiled in wine, and 
 in the bottom of the leaves, having many | drank, is said also to dry the flux of the 
 black soft threads in the middle, compass- j belly, and women's courses. The empty 
 ing a small green head, which when it is I shells, or poppy heads, are usually boiled 
 ripe, is not bigger than one's little finger's j in water, and given to procure rest and 
 end, wherein is contained much black seeds sleep : so doth the leaves in the same man- 
 smaller than that of the garden. The root j ner ; as also if the head and temples be 
 perishes every year, and springs again of i bathed with the decoction warm, or with 
 its own sowing, Of this kind there is one ; the oil of Poppies, the green leaves or the 
 lesser in all parts thereof, and differs in j heads bruised and applied with a little 
 nothing else. 1 vinegar, or made into a poultice with barley- 
 
 Place.~] The garden kinds do not natu- 5 meal or hog's grease, cools and tempers 
 rally grow wild in any place, but all are i all inflammations, as also the disease called 
 sown in gardens where they grow. \ St. Anthony's fire. It is generally used in 
 
 The Wild Poppy or Corn Rose, is plen- j treacle and mithridate, and in all other 
 tifully enough, and many times too much so | medicines that are made to procure rest 
 in the corn fields of all counties through this i and sleep, and to ease pains in the head as 
 land, and also on ditch hanks, and by i well as in other parts. It is also used to 
 hedge sides. The smaller wild kind is also s cool inflammations, agues, or frenzies, or 
 found in corn fields, and also in some ! to stay defluxions which cause a cough, or 
 other places, but not so plentifully as the \ consumptions, and also other fluxes of the 
 former. j belly or women's courses ; it is also put 
 
 Time.] The garden kinds are usually | into hollow teeth, to ease the pain, and hath 
 .sown in the spring, which then flower about j been found by experience to ease the pains 
 the end of May, and somewhat earlier, if : of the gout, 
 they spring of their own sowing. The Wild Poppy, or Corn Rose (as Mat- 
 
 The wild kind flower usually from May \ thiolus saith) is good to prevent the falling- 
 until July, and the seed of them is ripe soon ? sickness. The syrup made with the flower, 
 after the flowering. j is with good effect given to those that have 
 
 Government and virtues ?\ The herb is the pleurisy ; and the dried flowers also, 
 Lunar, and of the juice of it is made opium; j either boiled in water, or made into powdei 
 only for lucre of money they cheat you, : and drank, either in the distilled water of 
 and tell you it is a kind of tear, or some \ them, or some other drink, works the like 
 such like thing, that drops from Poppies ; effect. The distilled water of the flowers 
 when they weep, and that is somewhere j is held to be of much good use against 
 beyond the seas, I know not where beyond | surfeits, being drank evening and morning; 
 
146 THE COMPLETE HERBAL. 
 
 It is also more cooling than any of the | parts where pushes, wheals, pimples, S(, 
 other Poppies, and therefore cannot but | Anthony's tire and the like, break forth ; 
 be as effectual in hot agues, frenzies, and , if a little vinegar be put to it, and laid to 
 
 other inflammations either inward or out- ; 
 
 the neck, with as much of galls and linseed 
 
 ward. Galen saith, The seed is dangerous ( together, it takes away the pains therein, 
 to be used inwardly. land the crick in the neck. The juice is 
 
 | used with oil of roses for the same causes, 
 
 JrUK.!>ljAlJ>l. /^ i i ITI 11 
 
 i or tor blasting by lightening, and burnings 
 
 GARDEN Purslain (being used as a sal- j by gunpowder, or for women's sore breasts, 
 lad herb) is so well known that it needs no j and to allay the heat in all other sores or 
 description; I shall therefore only speak of \ hurts ; applied also to the navels of chil- 
 its virtues as follows. j dren that stick forth, it helps them ; it is 
 
 Government and virtues] Tis an herb of ; also good for sore mouths and gums that 
 the Moon. It is good to cool any heat in > are swollen, and to fasten loose teeth, 
 the liver, blood, reins, and stomach, and in \ Camerarius saith, the distilled Avater used 
 hot agues nothing better : It stays hot and i by some, took away the pain of their teeth, 
 choleric fluxes of the belly, women's courses,! when a ll other remedies failed, and the 
 the whites, and gonorrhaea, or running of | thickened juice made into pills with the 
 the reins, the distillation from the head, * poAvder of gum Tragicanth and Arabic, 
 and pains therein proceeding from heat, | being taken, prevails much to help those 
 want of sleep, or the frenzy. The seed is ? that make bloody Avater. Applied to the 
 more effectual than the herb, and is of sin- ; gout it eases pains thereof, and helps the 
 gular good use to cool the heat and sharp- j hardness of the sinews, if it come not of the 
 ness of urine, venereous dreams, snd the j cramp, or a cold cause, 
 like; insomuch that the over frequent use j 
 hereof extinguishes the heat and vitue of j 
 
 natural procreation. The seed bruised and \ THEY are so well known, that they need 
 boiled in wine, and given to children, ex- | no description. Of the leaves of Primroses 
 pels the worms. The juice of the herb is \ is made as fine a salve to heal wounds as 
 held as effectual to all the purposes afore- > any that I know; you shall be taught to 
 said ; as also to stay vomitings, and taken i make salves of any herb at the latter end of 
 with some sugar or honey, helps an old and ; the book: make this as you are taught 
 dry cough, shortness of breath, and the i there, and do not (you that have any in- 
 phthisick, and stays immoderate thirst. ; gcnuity in you) see your poor neighbours 
 The distilled Avater of the herb is used by > go with wounded limbs when an halfpenny 
 many (as the more pleasing) Avith a little i cost Avill heal them, 
 sugar to work the same effects. The juice j 
 also is singularly good in the inflammations f 
 
 and ulcers in the sercct parts of man or j Descript.'] Ouu common Privet is carn- 
 wotnan, as also the boAvels and haemorrhoids, | ed up Avith many slender branches to a 
 when they are ulcerous, or excoriations in | reasonable height and breadth, to covei 
 them. The herb bruised and applied to the ! arbours, bowers and banquetting houses, 
 forehead and temples, allays excessive heat j and brought, Avrought, and cut into so many 
 (herein, that hinders rest and sleep ; and i forms, of men, horses, birds, &c. Avhich 
 applied to the eyes, takes away the redness ! though at first supported, groAvs afterwards 
 and inflammation in them, and those other j strong of itself. It bears long and narrow 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 147 
 
 green leaves by the couples, and sweet 1 (as Agrimony hath) somewhat deeply dented 
 smelling white flowers in tufts at the end of ^ about the edges, of a sad green colour on 
 the branches, which turn into small black i the upper side, and greyish underneath, 
 
 berries that have a purplish juice with them, i 
 
 of a pretty sharp scent and taste, somewhat 
 
 and some seeds that are flat on the one ! like unto the Burnet, and a leaf hereof put 
 side, with a hole or dent therein ; into a cup of claret wine, gives also a fine 
 
 Place.] It grows in this land, in divers ! relish to it. At the tops of the stalks and 
 woods. ! branches stand many tufts of small white 
 
 Time.] Our Privet flowers in June and i flowers thrust thick together, which smell 
 July, the berries are ripe in August and { much sweeter than the leaves ; and in their 
 September. ( places, being fallen, come crooked and 
 
 Government and virtues.] The Moon is j cornered seed. The root is somewhat 
 ladvoflhis. It is little used in physic with j woody, and blackish on the outside, and 
 us m these times, more than in lotions, to j brownish within, with divers great strings, 
 vash sores and sore mouths, and to cool land lesser fibres set thereat, of a strong scent, 
 .nflammations, and dry up fluxes. Yet { but nothing so pleasant as the flowers and 
 
 - 1 * . 11.1 * 1 1 * 1 1 1 ' 1 
 
 vrtatthiolus saith, ;t serves all the uses for 
 which Cypress, or the East Privet, is ap- 
 pointed by Dioscorides and Galen. He 
 
 leaves, and perishes not, but abides many 
 years, shooting forth a-new every Spring. 
 Place] It grows in moist meadows 
 
 further saith, That the oil that is made of: that lie mostly wet, or near the courses ol 
 
 the flowers of Privet infused therein, and \ water. 
 
 set in the Sun, is singularly good for the in- ; Time] It flowers in some places or 
 
 flammations of wounds, and for the head-; other all the three Summer months, that is, 
 
 ache, coming of a hot cause. There is a j June, July, and August, and the seed is 
 
 sweet water also distilled from the flowers, > ripe soon after. 
 
 that is good for all those diseases that need { Government and virtues] Venus claims 
 
 cooling and drying, and therefore helps all j dominion over the herb. It is used to stay 
 
 fluxesof the belly or stomach, bloody-fluxes, jail manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, 
 
 and women's courses, being eithet drank or I and women's courses, also their whites: 
 
 applied ; as all those that void blood at the It is said to alter and take away the fits of 
 
 mouth, or any other place, and for distilla- 
 tions of rheum in the eyes, especially if it 
 
 the quartan agues, and to make a merry 
 heart, for which purpose some use the 
 
 be used wilh them. \ flowers, and some the leaves. It helps 
 
 (speedily those that are troubled with the 
 
 QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, ME ADO w j cholic ; being boiled in wine, and with a 
 
 little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; 
 but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays 
 the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, 
 
 cankerous, or 
 
 SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET. 
 
 Descript] THE stalks of these are red- 
 
 dish, rising to be three feet high, sometimes { it helps old ulcers that are cankero 
 four or five feet, having at the joints thereof i hollow fistulous, for which it is by many 
 Jarge winged leaves, standing one above! much commended, as also for the sores in 
 another at distances, consisting of many ! the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when 
 and somewhat broad leaves, set on each j they are full grown, being laid on the skin, 
 side of a middle rib, being hard, rough, or { will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, 
 rugged, crumpled much like unto elm leaves, I as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps 
 having also some smaller leaves with them j the heat and imflammation in the eyes. 
 
 Q Q 
 
14ft THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 I bi th; for watery humours, Scammony; but 
 
 5 f { '11 1*1 .1 
 
 \\\ more forcible to bind, use the unripe 
 Descript.~\ THE ordinary Quince Tree ; Quinces, with roses and acacia, hypocistis, 
 grows often to the height and bigness of a, 5 and some torrified rhubarb. To take the 
 reasonable apple tree, but more usually j crude juice of Quinces, is held a preserva- 
 lower, and crooked, with a rough bark, | live against the force of deadly poison ; for 
 spreading arms, and branches far abroad, j it hath been found most certainly true, that 
 The leaves are somewhat like those of the; the very smell of a Quince hath taken away 
 apple tree, but thicker, broader, and full of; all the strength of the poison of white Helle- 
 veins, and whiter on the under side, not j bore. If there be need of any outwardly 
 dented at all about the edges. The flowers! binding and cooling of hot fluxes, the oil 
 are large and white, sometimes dashed over ; of Quinces, or other medicines that may be 
 with a blush. The fruit that follows is yel- 1 made thereof, are very available to anoin 
 low, being near ripe, and covered with ajthe belly or other parts therewith; it like- 
 white freeze, or cotton ; thick set on the* wise strengthens the stomach and belly, 
 younger, and growing less as they grow to j and the sinews that are loosened by sharp 
 be thorough ripe, bunched out oftentimes j humours falling on them, and restrains 
 in some places, some being like an apple, : immoderate sweatings. The muscilage taken 
 and some a pear, of a strong heady scent, j from the seeds of Quinces, and boiled in 
 and not durable to keep, and is sour, harsh, j little water, is very good to cool the he# 
 and of an unpleasant taste to eat fresh ; | and heal the sore breasts of women. The 
 but being scalded, roasted, baked, or pre-^same, with a little sugar, is good to lenify 
 served, becomes more pleasant. J the harshness and hoarseness of the throat, 
 
 Place and Time.'] It best likes to grow \ and roughness of the tongue. The cotton 
 near ponds and water sides, and is frequent! or down of Quinces boiled and applied to 
 through this land: and flowers not until j plague sores, heals them up: and laid as a 
 the leaves be come forth. The fruit is ripe; plaister, made up with wax, it brings hah 
 in September or October. j to them that are bald, and keeps it from 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Old Saturn; falling, if it be ready to shed, 
 owns the Tree. Quinces when they are! 
 
 i i ii c n RADDISH, OR HORSE-R ADDISH. 
 
 green, help all sorts of fluxes in men or; 
 
 women, and choleric lasks, casting, and * THE garden Raddish is so well known, 
 whatever needs astriction, more than any t that it needs no description, 
 way prepared by fire; yet the syrup of the: Descript.~] The Horse-Raddish hath its 
 juice, or the conserve, are much conducible, j first leaves, that rise before Winter, about a 
 much of the binding quality being con- J foot and a half long, very much cut in or 
 sumed by the fire; if a little vinegar be- torn on the edges into many parts, of a dark 
 added, it stirs up the languishing appetite, j green colour, with a great rib in the middle 
 and the stomach given to casting; some .'after these have been up awhile, other? 
 spices beingadded, comforts and strengthens j follow, which are greater, rougher, broader 
 the decaying and fainting spirits, and helps ; and longer, whole and not divided at first, 
 the liver oppressed, that it cannot perfect j but only somewhat rougher dented about 
 the digestion, or corrects choler and phlegm, j the edges ; the stalks when it bears flowers 
 If you would have them purging, put honey ; (which is seldom) is great, rising up with 
 to them instead of sugar; and if more laxa-; some few lesser leaves thereon, to three or 
 live, for choler, Rhubarb ; for phlegm, Tur- > four feet high, spreading at the top mar* 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 149 
 
 small branches of whitish flowers, made of ; leaves lying on the ground, very much 
 four leaves a-piece ; after which come small i rent and torn on the sides in many places : 
 pods, like those of Shepherd's Purse, but | from among which rise up sometimes but 
 seldom with any seed in them. The root is I one, and sometimes two or three square or 
 great, long, white and rugged, shooting up j crested blackish or brownish stalks, three 
 divers heads of leaves, Avhich may be parted ; or four feet high, sometimes branched, 
 for increase, but it doth not creep in the j bearing divers such-like leaves upon them, 
 ground, nor run above ground, and is of a i at several distances upon the top, where it 
 strong, sharp, and bitter taste almost like ! branches forth into many stalks bearing 
 mustard. \ yellow flowers, consisting of divers leaves, 
 
 Place.'] It is found wild in some places, j set as a pale or border, with a dark yellow 
 but is chiefly planted in gardens, and joys i thrum in the middle, which do abide a 
 in moist and shadowy places. I great while, but at last are turned into down, 
 
 Time.'] It seldom flowers, but when it | and with the small blackish grey seed, are 
 doth, it is in July. I carried away with the wind. The root is 
 
 Government and virtues.'] They are both ; made of many fibres, whereby it is firmly 
 under Mars. The juice of Horse-raddish s fastened into the ground, and abides many 
 given to drink, is held to be very effectual I years. 
 
 for the scurvy. It kills the worms in chil- \ There is another sort thereof differs from 
 dren, being drank, and also laid upon the ; the former only in this, that it rises not so 
 belly. The root bruised and laid to the! high; the leaves are not so finely jagged, 
 place grieved with the sciatica, joint-ache, j nor of so dark a green colour, but rather 
 or the hard swellings of the liver and spleen, j somewhat whitish, soft and woolly, and the 
 doth wonderfully help them all. The dis- i flowers usually paler. 
 
 tilled water of the herb and root is more ' Place.~\ They grow, both of them, wild in 
 familiar to be taken with a little sugar for | pastures, and untilled grounds in many 
 all the purposes aforesaid. j places, and oftentimes both in one field. 
 
 Garden Raddishes are in wantonness by I Time.'] They flower in June and July, 
 the gentry eaten as a sallad, but they breed J and the seed is ripe in August. 
 but scurvy humours in the stomach, and 5 Government and virtues.~\ Ragwort is 
 corrupt the blood, and then send fora phy-l under the command of Dame Venus, and 
 sician as fast as you can ; this is one cause I cleanses, digests, and discusses. The de- 
 which makes the owners of such nice palates I coction of the herb is good to wash the 
 so unhealthful ; yet for such as are troubled I mouth or throat that hath ulcers or sores 
 with the gravel, stone, or stoppage of urine, \ therein : and for swellings, hardness, or 
 they are good physic, if the body be strong i imposthumes, for it thoroughly cleanses and 
 that takes them ; you may make the juice j heals them ; as also the quinsy, and the 
 of the roots into a syrup if you please, for j king's evil. It helps to stay catarrhs, thin 
 that use : they purge by urine exceedingly. \ rheums, and defluxions from the head into 
 
 RAGWORT I the eyes> . nose ' or lun S. s - The J uice is found 
 
 : by experience to be singularly good to heal 
 
 IT is called / also St. James'-wort, and \ green wounds, and to cleanse and heal 
 Stagger-wort, and Stammer-wort, and Se-Ull old and filthy ulcers in the privities, and 
 grum. j in other parts of the body, as also inward 
 
 Descript.] The greater common Ragwort i wounds and ulcers ; stays the malignity of 
 hath many large and long, dark green ? fretting and running cankers, and hollow 
 
150 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 fistulas, not suffering them to spread far-j Place.'] They grow in meadows and 
 
 ther. It is also much commended to help j woods generally through this land. 
 
 aches and pains either in the fleshy part, or; Time.] They are in flower from Mid- 
 
 m the nerves and sinews, as also the sciatica, 
 or pain of the hips or knuckle-bone, to 
 bathe the places with the decoction of the 
 herb, or to anoint them with an ointment 
 
 summer until August be past, sometimes. 
 
 Government and virtues.] They are both 
 of them under the dominion of the Moon 
 The Red Rattle is accounted profitable to 
 
 made of the herb bruised and boiled in old 1 heal up fistulas and hollow ulcers, and to 
 hog's suet, with some Mastick and Olibanum -stay the flux of humours in them, as also 
 in powder added unto it after it is strained i the abundance of women's courses, or any 
 forth. In Sussex we call it Ragweed. j other fluxes of blood, being boiled in red 
 
 twine, and drank. 
 
 The yellow Rattle, or Cock's Comb, is 
 OF this there are two kinds which I shall j held to be good for those that are troubled 
 
 speak of, viz. the red and yellow. 
 
 Descript.~] The common Red Rattle hath 
 sundry reddish, hollow stalks, and some- 
 
 i with a cough, or dimness of sight, if the 
 herb, being boiled with beans, and some 
 honey put thereto, be drank or dropped into 
 
 times green, rising from the root, lying for the eyes. The Avhole seed being put into 
 the most part on the ground, some growing i the eyes, draws forth any skin, dimness or 
 more upright, with many small reddish or \ film, from the sight, without trouble, or 
 green leaves set on both sides of a middle ! pain, 
 rib, finely dented about the edges : The 
 flowers stand at the tops of the stalks and 
 branches, of a fine purplish red colour, like 
 
 small gaping hooks ; after which come 
 blackish seed in small husks, which lying 
 loose therein, will rattle with shaking. The 
 
 REST HARROW, OR CAMMOCK. 
 
 Descript.~\ COMMON Rest Harrow rises 
 up with divers rough woody twigs half a 
 yard or a yard high, set at the joints without 
 order, with little roundish leaves, sometimes 
 
 root consists of two or three small whitish { more than two or three at a place, of a 
 
 strings with some fibres thereat. 
 
 dark green colour, without thorns while 
 
 The common Yellow Rattle hath seldom j they are young; but afterwards armed in 
 above one round great stalk, rising from j sundry places, with short and sharp thorns, 
 the foot, about half a yard, or two feet high, {The flowers come forth at the tops of the 
 and but few branches thereon, having two i twigs and branches, whereof it is full 
 
 long and somewhat broad leaves set at a! fashioned like pease or broom blossoms, but 
 joint, deeply cut in on the edges, resembling lesser, flatter, and somewhat closer, of a 
 
 the comb of a cock, broadest next to the 
 stalk, and smaller to the end. The flowers 
 
 faint purplish colour; after which come 
 small pods containing small, flat, round 
 
 grow at the tops of the stalks, with some j seed: The root is blackish on the outside, 
 shorter leaves with them, hooded after the | and whitish within, very rough, and hard 
 same manner that the others are, but of a j to break when it is fresh and green, and as 
 fair yellow colour, or in some paler, and in [hard as an horn when it is dried, thrusting 
 some more white. The seed is contained ; down deep into the ground, and spreading 
 in large husks, and being ripe, will rattle i likewise, every piece being apt to grow 
 or make a noise with lying loose in them. again if it be left in the ground. 
 The root is small and slender, perishing! Place.'] It grows in many places of this 
 every year. Hand, as well in the arable as waste ground- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. J5I 
 
 Time.'] It flowers about the beginning; have; of a sad green colour, from among 
 or middle of July, and the seed is ripe in; which rise up divers stalks two or three 
 August. \ feet high, sometimes set with the like leaves, 
 
 Government and virtues. ,] It is under the; but smaller and smaller upwards, branched 
 .dominion of Mars. It is singularly good j from the middle into divers stiff stalks, 
 to provoke urine when it is stopped, and to | bearing sundry yellow flowers on them, 
 break and drive forth the stone, which the i made of four leaves a-piece, as the others 
 powder of the bark of the root taken in wine j are, which afterwards yield them small red- 
 performs effectually. Matthiolus saith, j dish seed, in small long pods, of a more 
 The same helps the disease called Herma | bitter and hot biting taste than the garden 
 Carnosa, the fleshy rupture, by taking the i kinds, as the leaves are also, 
 said powder for three months together con-| Place.'] It is found wild in divers places 
 stantly, and that it hath cured some which! of this land. 
 
 seemed incurable by any other means than | TimeJ] It flowers about June or July, 
 by cutting or burning. The decoction j and the seed is ripe in August. 
 
 thereof made with some vinegar, gargled in 
 the mouth, eases the tooth-ache, especially 
 when it comes of rheum ; and the said de- 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The wild Roc- 
 kets are forbidden to be used alone, in re- 
 gard their sharpness fumes into the head, 
 
 coction is very powerful to open obstruc- ? causing aches and pains therein, and are 
 tions of the liver and spleen, and other j less hurtful to hot and choleric persons, foi 
 parts. A distilled water in Balneo Maria, ; fear of inflaming their blood, and therefore 
 with four pounds of the root hereof first i for such we may say a little doth but a 
 sliced small, and afterwards steeped in a j little harm, for angry Mars rules them, and 
 gallon of Canary wine, is singularly good j he sometimes will be restive when he meets 
 for all the purposes aforesaid, and to cleanse | with fools. The wild Rocket is more strong 
 the urinary passages. The powder of the ; and effectual to increase sperm and vene- 
 said root made into an electuary, or lozenges, jrous qualities, whereunto all the seed is 
 with sugar, as also the bark of the fresh* more effectual than the garden kind. It 
 roots boiled tender, and afterwards beaten i serves also to help digestion, and provokes 
 to a conserve with sugar, works the like ; urine exceedingly. The seed is used to cure 
 effect. The powder of the roots strewed \ the biting of serpents, the scorpion, and the 
 upon the brims of ulcers, or mixed with I shrew mouse, and other poisons, and expels 
 any other convenient thing, and applied, * worms, and other noisome creatures that 
 consumes the hardness, and causes them to \ breed in the belly. The herb boiled or 
 heal the better. 1 stewed, and some sugar put thereto, helps 
 
 ROCKET '^ cou S n * n children, being taken often. 
 
 | The seed also taken in drink, takes away 
 
 IN regard the Garden Rocket is rather j the ill scent of the arm-pits, increases milk 
 used as a sallad herb than to any physical $in nurses, and wastes the spleen. The seed 
 purposes, I shall omit it, and only speak j mixed with .honey, and used on the face, 
 of the common wild Rocket. The des- : cleanses the skin from morphew, and used 
 cription whereof take as follows. jwith vinegar, takes away freckles and red- 
 
 Descnpt.~] The common wild Rocket! ness in the face, or other parts; and with 
 has longer and narrower leaves, much more; the gall of an ox, it mends foul scars, black 
 divided into slender cuts and jags on both land blue spots, and the marks of the small- 
 sides the middle rib than the garden kinds' pox. 
 
 E K 
 
162 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 VIA'TER-ROCKET, OR CRESSES. 
 
 Descript.'] WiNTER-Rocket, or Winter- | 
 
 have authors made with Roses ! Wnai a 
 racket have they kept? I shall add, red 
 Roses are under Jupiter, Damask under 
 
 Cresses, hath divers somewhat large sad \ Venus, White under the Moon, and Pro- 
 green leaves lying upon the ground, torn or j vence under the King of France. The 
 cut in divers parts, somewhat like unto | white and red Roses are cooling and dry- 
 Rocket or turnip leaves, with smaller pieces j ing, and yet the white is taken to exceed 
 next the bottom, and 'broad at the ends, { the red in both the properties, but is seldom 
 which so abide all the Winter (if it spring; used inwardly in any medicine: The bit- 
 up in Autumn, when it is used to be eaten) i terness in the Roses when they are fresh, 
 from among which rise up divers small \ especially the juice, purges choler, and 
 round stalks, full of branches, bearing many j watery humours; but being dried, and that 
 small yellow flowers of four leaves a-piece, j heat which caused the bitterness being con- 
 after which come small pods, with reddish i sumed, they have then a binding and as- 
 seedinthem. The root is somewhat stringy, jtringent quality: Those also that are not 
 and perishes every j'ear after the seed is j full blown, do both cool and bind more 
 ripe. \ than those that are full blown, and the 
 
 P/oce.] It grows of its own accord in | white Rose more than the Red. The decoc- 
 gardens and fields, by the way-sides, in | tion of red Roses made with wine and used, 
 divers places, and particularly in the next | is very good for the head-ache, and pains 
 pasture to the Conduit-head behind Gray's Jin the eyes, ears, throat, and gums; as also 
 Inn, that brings water to Mr. Lamb's con- j for the fundament, the lower part of the 
 duitin Holborn. > belly and the matrix, being bathed or put 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in May, seeds in June, | into them. The same decoction with the 
 and then perishes. I Roses remaining in it, is profitably applied 
 
 Government and virtues.^ This is pro- \ to the region of the heart to ease the in- 
 fitable to provoke urine, to help stranguary, j flammation therein ; as also St. Anthony's 
 and expel gravel and stone. It is good for j fire, and other diseases of the .stomach, 
 the scurvy, and found by experience to bet Being dried and beaten to powder, and 
 a singularly good wound herb to cleanse in- ; taken in steeled wine or water, it helps to 
 ward wounds ; the juice or decoction being -stay women's courses. The yellow threads 
 drank, or outwardly applied to wasli fou'lin the middle of the Roses (which are 
 ulcers and sores, cleansing them by shai p- j erroneously called the Rose Seed) being 
 ness, and hindering or abating tue dead * powdered and drank in the distilled water 
 flesh from growing therein, and healing \ of Quinces, stays the overflowing of women's 
 them by their drying quality. | courses, and doth wonderfully stay the. de- 
 
 } fluctions of rheum upon the gums and teeth, 
 | preserving them from corruption, and 
 
 I HOLD it altogether needless to trouble? fastening them if they be loose, being 
 the reader with a description of any of these, | washed and gargled therewith, and some 
 since both the garden Roses, and the Roses \ vinegar of Squills added thereto. The heads 
 of the briars are well enough known : take j with the seed being used in powder, or in a 
 therefore the virtues of them as follows ;| decoction, stays the lask and spitting of 
 And first I shall begin \vith the garden | blood. Red Roses do strengthen the heart, 
 kinds. i the stomach and the liver, and the reten- 
 
 Government and virtues.] What a pother jtive faculty : They mitigate the pains that 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 163 
 
 arise from heat, assuage inflammations, ! 
 procure rest and sleep, stay both whites; 
 and reds in women, the gonorrhea, or runn- 1 
 
 of mastich, is very good for the gonorrhea, 
 and for the looseness of the humours in the 
 body. The old Conserve mixed with Aro- 
 
 ing of the reins, and fluxes of the belly : thejmaticum Rosarum, is a very good cordial 
 
 juice of them doth purge and cleanse the! 
 body from choler and phlegm. The husks 
 of the Roses, with the beards and nails of 
 
 against faintings, swoonings, weakness, 
 and tremblings of the heart, strengthens, 
 both it and a weak stomach, helps diges- 
 
 the Roses, are binding and cooling, and the! tion, stays casting, and is a very good pre- 
 distilled water of either of them is good for : servative in the time of infection. The dry 
 the heat and redness in the eyes, and to \ Conserve, which is called the Sugar of Roses, 
 stay and dry up the rheums and watering j is a very good cordial to strengthen the 
 of them. Of the Red Roses are usually made 1 heart and spirits; as also to stay defluc- 
 many compositions, all serving to sundry j tions. The syrup of dried red Roses 
 good uses, viz. Electuary of Roses, Con- / strengthens a stomach given to casting, 
 serve, both moist and dry, which is more j cools an over-heated liver, and the blood in 
 usually called Sugar of roses, Syrup of dry j agues, comforts the heart, and resists putre- 
 Roses, and Honey of Roses. The cordial \ faction and infection, and helps to slay 
 powder called Diarrhoden Abbalis, and j lasks and fluxes. Honey of Roses is much 
 Aromatica Rosanim. The distilled Water of j used in gargles and lotions to wash sores, 
 Roses, Vinegar of Roses, Ointment, and Oil j either in the mouth, throat, or other parts, 
 of Roses, and the Rose leaves dried, are of j both to cleanse and heal them, and to stay 
 great use and effect. Towrileatlargeof every j the fluxes of humours falling upon them, 
 one of these, would make my book smell It is also used in clysters both to cool and 
 
 too big, it being sufficient for a volume of 
 itself, to speak fully of them. But briefly, 
 
 cleanse. The cordial powders, called 
 Diarrhoden Abbatis and Aromaticum Ro- 
 
 the Electuary is purging, whereof two or j sarum, do comfort and strengthen the heart 
 three drams taken by itself in some con- land stomach, procure an appetite, help 
 venient liquor, is a purge sufficient for a \ digestion, stay vomiting, and are very good 
 weak constitution, but may be increased to ' for those that have slippery bowels, to 
 six drams, according to the strength of the \ strengthen them, and to dry up their mois- 
 patient. It purges choler without trouble, j ture. Red Rose-water is well known, and 
 it is good in hot fevers, and pains of the \ of familiar use on all occasions, and better 
 head arising from hot choleric humours, j than Damask Rose-water, beingcooling and 
 and heat in the eyes, the jaundice also, and j cordial, refreshing, quickening the weak 
 joint-aches proceeding of hot humours. J and faint spirits, used either in meats or 
 The moist Conserve is of much use, both 1 broths, to wash the temples, to smell at the 
 binding and cordial ; for until it be about j nose, or to smell the sweet vapours thereof 
 two years old, it is more binding than i out of a perfuming pot, or cast into a hot 
 cordial, and after that, more cordial than | fire shovel. It is also of much good use 
 binding. Some of the younger Conserve! against the redness and inflammations of the 
 taken with mithridatc mixed together, is \ eyes to bathe them therewith, and the tern- 
 good for those that are troubled with dis- j pies of the head ; as also against pain and 
 dilations of rheum from the brain to the \ ache, for which purpose also Vinegar oi 
 nose, and defluctions of rheum into the i Roses is of much good use, and to procure 
 eyes ; as also for fluxes and lasks of the | rest and sleep, if some thereof, and Rose- 
 belly ; and being mixed with the powder * water together, be used to smell unto, or the 
 
154 THK COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 nose and temples moistened therewith, but 5 pound syrup is more forcible in working on 
 more usually to moisten a piece of a red i melancholic humours; and available against 
 Rose-cake, cut for the purpose, and heated j the leprosy, itch, tetters, &c. and the French 
 between a double folded cloth, with a little { disease : Also honey of Roses solutive is 
 beaten nutmeg, and poppy-seed strewed on j made of the same infusions that the syrup 
 the side that must lie next to the forehead i is made of, and therefore works the same 
 and temples, and bound so thereto all night, j effect, both opening and purging, but is 
 The ointment of Roses is much used against | oftener given to phlegmatic than choleric 
 heat and inflammations in the head, toanoint: persons, and is more used in clysters than 
 the forehead and temples, and being mixt f in potions, as the syrup made wilh sugar is. 
 with Ungnentum Populneum, to procure rest: ; The conserve and preserved leaves of those 
 it is also used for the heat of the liver, the! Roses are also operative in gently opening 
 back and reins, and to cool and heal pushes, ; the belly. 
 
 wheals, and other red pimples rising in the j The simple water of Damask Roses is 
 face or other parts. Oil of Roses is not chiefly used for fumes to sweeten things, as 
 only used by itself to cool any hot swell- ! the dried leaves thereof to make sweet pow- 
 ings or inflammations, and to bind and stay j ders, and fill sweet bags ; and little use 
 fluxes of humours unto sores, but is also i they are put to in physic, although they 
 put into ointments and plaisters that are j have some purging quality ; the wild Roses 
 cooling and binding, and restraining the i also are few or none of them used in physic, 
 flux of humours. The dried leaves of the; but are generally held to come near > the 
 red Roses are used both inwardly and out- \ nature of the manured Roses. The fruit of 
 wardly, both cooling, binding, and cordial, j the wild briar, which are called Hips, being 
 for with them are made both Aromaticum, \ thoroughly ripe, and made into a conserve 
 Rosarum, Diarrhoden Abbatis, and Saccha- \ with sugar, besides the pleasantness of the 
 rum Rosarum, each of whose properties arej taste, doth gently bind the belly, and stay 
 before declared. Rose leaves and mint, defluctions from the head upon the stomach, 
 heated and applied outwardly to the i drying up the moisture thereof, and helps 
 stomach, stays castings, and very much ; digestion. The pulp of the hips dried into 
 strengthen a weak stomach; and applied | a hard consistence, like to the juice of the 
 as a fomentation to the region of the liver: liquorice, or so dried that it may be made 
 and heart, do much cool and temper them, unto powder and taken into drink, stays 
 and also serve instead of a Rose-cake (as is {speedily the whites in women. The briar 
 said before) to quiet the over-hot spirits, \ ball is often used, being made into powder 
 and cause rest and sleep. The syrup of j and drank, to break the stone, to provoke 
 Damask Roses is both simpleand compound, {urine when it is stopped, and to ease and 
 and made with Agaric. The simple solutive \ help the cholic ; some appoint it to be 
 syrup is a familiar, safe, gentle and easy \ burnt, and then taken for the same purpose, 
 medicine, purging choler, taken from one j In the middle of the balls are often found 
 ounce to three or four, yet this is remarkable i certain white worms, which being dried and 
 herein, that the distilled water of this syrup; made into powder, and some of it drank, 
 should notably bind the belly. The syrup j is found by experience of many to kill and 
 with Agaric is more strong and effectual, for j drive forth the worms of the bellj. 
 one ounce thereof by itself will open the : 
 body more than the other, and works as! 
 much on phlegm as choler. The corn-* 
 
AN I) ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 155 
 
 ROS4 SOLIS, Oil SUN DFW. ROSEMARY. 
 
 IT is likewise called Red-rot, and Youth- OUR garden Rosemary is so well known. 
 \vort. > that I need not describe it. 
 
 Descript.'] It hath, divers small, round, ( Time.'] Ittlowers in April and May with 
 hollow leaves somewhat greenish, but full of j us, sometimes again in August, 
 certain red hairs, which make them seem \ Government and virtues.'] The Sun claims 
 ed, every one standing upon his own foot- \ privilege in it, and it is under the celestial 
 talk, reddish, hairy likewise. The leaves! Ram. It is an herb of as great use with ur. 
 are continually moist in the hottest day, > in these days as any whatsoever, not only 
 yea, the hotter the sun shines on them, the | for physical but civil purposes. The phy- 
 moister they are, with a sliminess that will \ sical use of it (being my present task) is 
 rope (as we say,) the small hairs always > very much used both for inward and outward 
 holding the moisture. Among these leaves ; diseases, for by the wanning and comforr- 
 rise up slender stalks, reddish also, three or: ing heat thereof it helps all cold diseases, 
 four fingers high, bearing divers small white both of the head, stomach, liver, and belly 
 knobs one above another, which are flowers ; ; The decoction thereof in wine, helps the 
 after which in the heads are contained : cold distillations of rheum into the eyes, 
 small seeds. The root is a few small hairs. ! and all other cold diseases of the head and 
 
 Placed] It grows usually in bogs and brain, as the giddiness or swimmings 
 wet places, and sometimes in moist woods, j therein, drowsiness or dullness of the mind 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June, and the leaves j and senseslike a stupidness, the dumb palsy, 
 are then fittest to be gathered. 5 or loss of speech, the lelhary, and fallen- 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The Sun rules 5 sickness, to be both drank, and the temples 
 it, and it is under the sign Cancer. Rose I bathed therewith. It helps the pains in the 
 Solis is accounted good to help those that ; gums and teeth, by rheum falling into them, 
 have a salt rheum distilling on their lungs, j not by putrefaction, causing an evil smell 
 which breeds a consumption, and there- j from them, or a stinking breath. It helps 
 fore the distilled water thereof in wine is | a weak memory, and quickens the senses, 
 held fit and profitable for such to drink, | It is very comfortable to the stomach in all 
 which water will be of a good yellow colour, j the cold griefs thereof, helps both retention 
 The same water is held to be good for all \ of meat, and digestion, the decoction 01 
 other diseases of the lungs, as phthisicks, j powder being taken in wine. It is a reined}' 
 wheezings, shortness of breath, or thecough ; j for the windiness in the stomach, bowels, 
 as also to heal the ulcers that happen in the | and spleen, and expels it powerfully. It 
 lungs ; and it comforts the heart and faint- j helps those that are liver-grown, by open- 
 ing spirits. The leaves, outwardly applied ing the obstructions thereof. It helps dim 
 to the skin will raise blisters, which has | eyes, and procures a clear sight, the flowers 
 caused some to think it dangerous to be j thereof being taken all the while it is flower- 
 
 % 
 
 taken inwardly ; but there are other things ' ing every morning fasting, with bread and 
 which will also draw blisters, yet nothing ; salt. Both Dioscorides and Galen say, 
 dangerous to be taken inwardly. There is That if a decoction be made thereof with 
 an usual drink made thereof with aqua vitae water, and they that have the yellow jaun- 
 and spices frequently, and without any j dice exercise their bodies directly after the 
 offence or danger, but to good purpose I taking thereof, it will certainly cure them, 
 used in qualms and passions of the heart. J The flowers and conserve made of them, 
 
 5 .-> 
 
156 THE COMPLETE HER HAL 
 
 are singularly good to comfort the heart, j pursued its virtues, you will conclude it 
 and to expel the contagion of the pestilence; {nothing inferior to that which is brought 
 to burn the herb in houses and chambers, out of China, and by that time this hath 
 corrects the air in them. Both the flowers j been as much used as that hath been, the 
 and leaves are very profitable for women j name which the other hath gotten will be 
 that are troubled with the whites, if they be i eclipsed by the fame of this ; take there- 
 daily taken. The dried leaves shred small, j fore a description at large of it as follows : 
 and taken in a pipe, as tobacco is taken, j Descript.~] At the first appearing out of 
 helps those that have any cough, phthisic, | the ground, when the winter is past, it hath 
 or consumption, by warming and drying | a great round brownish head, rising from 
 the thin distillations which cause those dis- I the middle or sides of the root, which opens 
 eases. < The leaves are very much used in j itself into sundry leaves one after another, 
 bathings ; and made into ointments or oil, j very much crumpled or folded together at 
 are singularly good to help cold benumbed j the first, and brownish : but afterwards it 
 joints, sinews, or members. The chymical | spreads itself, and becomes smooth, very 
 oil drawn from the leaves and flowers, is a ( large and almost round, every one standing 
 sovereign help for all the diseases aforesaid, | on a brownish stalk of the thickness of a 
 to touch the temples and nostrils with two | man's thumb, when they are grown to their 
 or three drops for all the diseases of the I fulness, and most of them two feet and 
 head and brain spoken of before; as also t more in length, especially when they grow 
 ro take one drop, two, or three, as the case | in any moist or good ground ; and the 
 tequires, for the inward griefs : Yet must it ' stalk of the leaf, from the bottom thereof to 
 be done with discretion, for it is very quick | the leaf itself, being also two feet, the breadth 
 and piercing, and therefore but a little must . thereof from edge to edge, in the broadest 
 be taken at a time. There is also another j place, being also two feet, of a sad or dark 
 oil made bv insolation in this manner : t green colour, of a fine tart or sourish taste, 
 Take what quantity you will of the flowers, i much more pleasant than the garden or 
 and put them into a strong glass close * wood sorrel. From among these rise up 
 stopped, tie a fine linen cloth over the \ some, but not every year, strong thick 
 mouth, and turn the mouth down into i stalks, not growing so high as the Patience, 
 another strong glass, which being set in the ; or garden Dock, with such round leaves as 
 sun, an oil will distil down into the lower j grow below, but small at every joint up to 
 glass, to be preserved as precious for divers ; the top, and among the flowers, which are 
 uses, both inward and outward, asa sovereign *. white, spreading forth into many branches, 
 balm to heal the disease before-mentioned, > consisting of five or six small leaves a-piece, 
 to clear dim sights, and to take away spots, I hardly to be discerned from the white 
 marks, and scars in the skin. I threads in the middle, and seeming to be all 
 
 5 threads, after which come brownish three 
 
 RHUBARB, OR REPHONTIC. ^ ^ , jke 
 
 Do not start, and say, This grows you | larger, whereby it may be plainly known to 
 know not how far off: and then ask me, j be a Dock. The root grows in time to be 
 How it comes to pass that I bring it among! very great, with clivers and sundry great 
 our English simples? For though the name j spreading branches from it, of a dark 
 may speak it foreign, yet it grows with us in brownish or reddish colour on the outside, 
 England, and that frequent enough in our j having a pale yellow skin under it, which 
 gardens ; and when you have thoroughly \ covers the inner substance or root, which 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 157 
 
 rind and skin being pared away, the root 
 appears of so fresh and lively a colour, 
 
 of the stalks being divided into many smaii 
 branches, bear reddish or purplish flowers, 
 
 wilh fresh coloured veins running through j and three-square seed, like unto other 
 it, that the choicest of that Rhubarb that is j Docks. The root is long, great and yellow, 
 brought us from beyond the seas cannot ; like unto the wild Docks, but a little redder; 
 excel it, which root, if it be dried carefully, j and if it be a little dried, shews less store of 
 and as it ought (which must be in our j discoloured veins than the other does when 
 country by the gentle heat of a fire, in re- j it is dry. 
 Hard the sun is not hot enough here to do j 
 
 , ,, ,. | GREAT ROUND-LEAVED DOCK, OR BAS- 
 
 it, and every piece kept from touching one : 
 
 u \ -ii I u . 1 1 ll TARD RHUBARB. 
 
 another) will hold its colour almost as well j 
 
 as when it is fresh, and has been approved ; JDeteript.] THIS has divers large, round 
 
 of, and commended by those who have 
 oftentimes used them. 
 
 Placed] It grows in gardens, and flowers 
 about the beginning and middle of June, 
 and the seed is ripe in July. 
 
 thin yellowish green leaves rising from the 
 root, a little waved about the edges, every 
 one standing upon a reasonably thick and 
 long brownish footstalk, from among which 
 rises up a pretty big stalk, about two feet 
 
 Time.'] The roots that are to be dried } high, with some such high leaves growing 
 and kept all the year following, are not to f thereon, but smaller ; at the top whereot 
 be taken up before the stalk and leaves be j stand in a long spike many small brownish 
 quite turned red and gone, and that is not [flowers, which turn into a hard three square 
 until the middle or end of October, and ifj shining brown seed, I ike the garden Patience 
 they be taken a little before the leaves do j before described. The root grows greater 
 spring, or when they are sprung up, the j than that, with many branches or great 
 roots will not have half so good a colour in > fibres thereat, yellow on the outside, arid 
 them. i somewhat pale ; yellow within, with some 
 
 I have given the precedence unto this, j discoloured veins like to the Rhubarb which 
 because in virtues also it hath the pre-emi- j is first described, but much less than it, 
 nence. I come now to describe unto you j especially when it is dry. 
 that which is called Patience, or Monk's \ Place and Time.'] These also grow in 
 Rhubarb ; and the next unto that, the great j gardens, and flower and seed at or near the 
 round-leaved Dock, or Bastard Rhubarb, | same time that our true Rhubarb doth, vi/. 
 for the one of these may happily supply in j they flower in June, and the seed is ripe in 
 the absence of the other, being not much j July. 
 
 unlike in their virtues, only one more j Government and virtues.^ Mars claims 
 powerful and efficacious than the other. | predominancy over all these wholesome 
 And lastly, shall shew you the virtues of all herbs : You cry out upon him for an un- 
 the three sorts. j fortunate, when God created him for your 
 
 GARDEN-PATIENCE, OR MONK'S 1UI n . { good (only he is angry with fools.) What 
 
 | dishonour is this, not to Mars, but to God 
 | himself. A dram of the dried root of 
 
 Descript.] THIS is a Dock bearing the | Monk's Rhubarb, with a scruple of Ginger 
 iirirne of Rhubarb for some purging quality j made into powder, and taken fasting in a 
 therein, and grows up with large tall stalks, j draught or mess of warm broth, purges 
 set with somewhat broad and long, fair, choler and phlegm downwards very gently 
 green leaves, not dented at all. The tops j and safely without danger. The seed 
 
158 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 thereof contrary doth bind the belly, and | blood, opening obstructions, and helping 
 helps to stay any sort of lasks or bloody- J those griefs that come thereof, as the jaun- 
 flux. The distilled water thereof is very j dice, dropsy, swelling of the spleen, tertain 
 profitably used to heal scabs; also foul j and daily agues, and pricking pains of the 
 ulcerous sores, and to allay the inflamma- \ sides; and also stays spitting of blood. 
 lion of them ; the juice of the leaves or j The powder taken with cassia dissolved, 
 roots or the decoction of them in vinegar, ! and washed Venice turpentine, cleanses the 
 is used as the most effectual remedy to heal \ reins and strengthens them afterwards, and 
 scabs and running sores. j is very effectual to stay the gonorrhea. It 
 
 The Bastard Rhubarb hath all the pro- j is also given for the pains and swellings in 
 perties of the Monk's Rhubarb, but more * the head, for those that are troubled with 
 effectual for both inward and outward dis- j melancholy, and helps the sciatica, gout, 
 eases. The decoction thereof without vine- ; and the cramp. The powder of the Rhu- 
 gar dropped into the ears, takes away the j barb taken with a little mummia and mad- 
 pains ; gargled in the mouth, takes away f der roots in some red wine, dissolves clotted 
 the toothache; and being drank, heals the j blood in the body, happening by any fall 
 jaundice. The seed thereof taken, eases t or bruise, and helps burstings and broken 
 the gnawing and griping pains of the j parts, as well inward as outward. The oil 
 stomach, and ta^es away the loathing there- likewise wherein it hath been boiled, works 
 of unto meat. The root thereof helps the * the like effects being anointed. It is used 
 ruggedness of the nails, and being boiled in 5 to heal those ulcers that happen in the eyes 
 wine helps the swelling of the throat, com- | or eyelids, being steeped and strained ; as 
 monly called the king's evil, as also the j also to assuage the swellings and inflam 
 swellings of the kernels of the ears. It j mations ; and applied with honey, boiled 
 helps them that are troubled with ih^ stone, \ in wine, it takes away all blue spots or 
 
 provokes urine, and helps the dimness of 
 the sight The roots of this Bastard Rhu- 
 
 marks that happen therein. AVliey or 
 white wine are the best liquors to steep it 
 
 Darb are used in opening and purging diet- j in, and thereby it works more effectual in 
 
 drinks, with other things, to open the liver, > opening obstructions, and purgino- the 
 and to cleanse and cool the blood. stomach and liver. Many do use a little 
 
 The properties of that which is called the j Indian Spikenard as the best corrector 
 English Rhubarb are the same with the I thereof, 
 former, but much more effectual, and hath i 
 all the properties of the true Italian Rhu- ! 
 
 barbs, except the force in purging, wherein Descript.] MRADOW-RWU rises up with 
 it is but of half the strength thereof, and \ a yellow stringy root, much spreading in 
 therefore a double quantity must be used : \ the ground, shooting forth new sprouts 
 it likewise hath not that bitterness and as- | round about, with many herby green stalks, 
 triction ; in other things it works almost in | two feet high, crested all the length of them, 
 an equal quantity, which are these: It * set with joints here and there, and many 
 purges the body of choler and phlegm, being \ large leaves on them, above as well as be- 
 either taken of itself, made into powder, and How, being divided into smaller leaves, 
 drank in a draught of white wine, or steeped j nicked or dented in the fore part of them, 
 therein all night, and taken fasting, or put : of a red green colour on the upper-side, 
 among other purges, as shall be thought \ and pale .green underneath; Toward the 
 convenient, cleansing the stomach, liver, and j top of the stalk there shoots forth divers 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 159 
 
 ihort branches, on every one whereof stand; often taken in meat and drink, it abates 
 two, three or four small heads, or buttons, j venery. A decoetion thereof with some 
 which breaking the skin that incloses them, \ dried dill leaves and flowers, eases all pains 
 shoots forth a tuft of pale greenish yellow j and torments, inwardly to be drank, and 
 threads, which falling away, there come in : outwardly to be applied warm to the place 
 their places small three-cornered cods, I grieved. The same being drank, helps the 
 wherein is contained small, long and round > pains both of the chest and sides, as also 
 seed. The whole plant has a strong un- $ coughs and hardness of breathing, the in- 
 pleasant scent. \ llammations of the lungs, and the torment- 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows in many places of this j ing pains of the sciatica and the joints, being 
 land, in the borders of moist meadows, and | anointed, or laid to the places; as also the 
 ditch-sides. 5 shaking fits of agues, to take a draught be- 
 
 Tlme.~\ It flowers about July, or the be- j fore the fit comes. Being boiled or infused 
 ginning of August. in oil, it is good to help the wind cholic, 
 
 Government and virtitesJ] Dioscorides I the hardness and windiness of the mother, 
 saith, That this herb bruised and applied, \ and frees women from the strangling or 
 perfectly heals old sores, and the distilled \ suffocation thereof, if the share and the 
 water of the herb and flowers doth the like. j parts thereabouts be anointed therewith. It 
 It is used by some among other pot-herbs \ kills and drives forth the worms of the 
 to open the body, and make it soluble ; but \ belly, if it be drank after it is boiled in wine 
 the roots washed clean, and boiled in ale j to the half, with a little honey ; it helps the 
 and drank, provokes to stool more than the; gout or pains in the joint?, hands, feet or 
 leaves, but yet very gently. The root I knees, applied thereunto ; ana witn figs it 
 boiled in water, and the places of the body j helps the dropsy, being bathed therewith : 
 most troubled with vermin and lice washed \ Being bruised and put into the nostrils, it 
 therewith while it is warm, destroys ihem i slays the bleeding thereof. It takes away 
 utterly. In Italy it is good against the i wheals and pimples, if being bruised with a 
 plague, and in Saxony against the jaundice, {few myrtle leaves, it be made up with wax, 
 as Camerarius saith. jand applied. It cures the morphew, and 
 
 GARDEN-RUE. | ^ ^ ^ S ftS f War , tS > . if boi1 ^ 
 
 'wine with some pepper and nitre, and the 
 
 GARDEN-RUE is so well known by this (place rubbed therewith, and with almond 
 name, and the name Herb of Grace, that 1 1 and honey helps the dry scabs, or any 
 shall not need to write any farther descrip- 1 tetter or ringworm. The juice thereof 
 tion of it, but shall shew you the virtue of it, warmed in a pomegranate shell or rind, and 
 as follows. dropped into the ears, helps the pains of 
 
 Government mid virtues."] It is an herb of them. The juice of it and fennel, with a 
 the Sun, and under Leo. It provokes urine j little honey, and the gall of a cock put there- 
 and women's courses, being taken either in i unto, helps the dimness of the eye-sight, 
 meat or drink. The seed thereof taken in j An ointment made of the juice thereof with 
 wine, is an antidote against all dangerous ! oil of roses, ceruse, and a little vinegar, and 
 
 medicines or deadly poisons. The leaves 
 taken either by themselves, or with figs and 
 walnuts, is called Mithridate's counter-poi- 
 
 son against the plague, and causes all veno- 
 mous things to become harmless; being 
 
 anointed, cures St. Anthony's fire, and all 
 running sores in the head : and the stinking 
 ulcers of the nose, or other parts. The 
 antidote used by Milhridates, every morn- 
 
 ing fasting, to secure himself from any 
 
160 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 poison or infection, was this: Take twenty j ground, about a span long, divided into 
 leaves of rue, a little salt, a couple of wal- 1 many other smaller parts full or small joints 
 nuts, and a couple of figs, beaten together ; set very thick together, whereat come forth 
 
 into a mess, with twenty juniper berries, 
 which is the quantity appointed for every : 
 
 two very small leaves of a French yellow, 
 'green coloured branches and all, where 
 
 l^Ll i O 
 
 day. Another electuary is made thus : : grows forth also a number of exceedingly 
 Take of nitre, pepper, and cumrnin seed, j small yellowish flowers, scarce to be clis- 
 of each equal parts ; of the leaves of Rue J cerned from the stalks and leaves, which 
 clean picked, as much in weight as all the; turn into seeds as small as the very dust, 
 other three weighed; beat them well toge-The root is very long and small, thrusting 
 ther, and put as much honey as will make i down deep into the ground. This has 
 it up into an electuary (but you must first I neither smell nor taste at first, but after- 
 steep your cummin seed in vinegar twenty j wards has a little astringent taste, without 
 tour hours, and then dry it, or rather roast j any manifest heat; yet a little bitter and 
 it in a hot fire-shovel, or in an oven) and is ! sharp withal. 
 
 a remedy for the pains or griefs in the chest : Placed] It grows in dry, sandy, and 
 or stomach, of the spleen, belly, or sides, ; rocky places. 
 
 by wind or stitches; of the liver by ob-| Time.~\ It is fresh and green ail the 
 structions ; of the reins and bladder by the j Summer. 
 
 stopping of urine ; and helps also toex-j Government and virtues."] They say Saturn 
 tenuate fat corpulent bodies. What an in- 1 causes ruptures ; if he do, he does no more 
 famy is cast upon the ashes of Mithridates, ! than he can cure ; if you want wit, he will 
 or Methridates (as the Augustines read his ;! teach you, though to your cost. This herb 
 name) by unworthy people. They that ! is Saturn's own, and is a noble antivene- 
 deserve no good report themselves, love to j rean. Rupture-wort hath not its name in 
 give 'none to others, viz. That renowned' vain : for it is found by experience to cure 
 King of Pontus fortified his body by poison j the rupture, not only in children but also in 
 against poison. (He cast out devils by Beel- \ elder persons, if the disease be not too in- 
 zebub, Prince of the devils.) What a sot is j veterale, by taking a dram of the powder 
 he that knows not if he had accustomed his : of the dried herb every day in wine, or a 
 body to cold poisons, but poisons would i decoction made and drank for certain days 
 have dispatched him? on the contrary, if 'together. The juice or distilled water of 
 not, corrosions would have done it. The j the green herb, taken in the same manner, 
 whole world is at this present time beholden | helps all other fluxes either of man or 
 to him for his studies in physic, and he that j woman ; vomitings also, and the gonorrhea, 
 uses the quantity but of an hazel-nut of that being taken any of the ways aforesaid. It 
 receipt every morning, to which his name' doth also most assuredly help those that 
 is adjoined, shall to admiration preserve { have the stranguary, or are troubled with 
 his body in health, if he do but consider [the stone or gravel in the reins or bladder, 
 that Rue is an herb of the Sun, and under j The same also helps stitches in the sides, 
 Leo, and gather it and the rest accord- j griping pains of the stomach or belly, the. 
 ingly. : obstructions of the liver, and cures the yel- 
 
 ilow jaundice; likewise it kills also the 
 j worms in children. Being outwardly ap- 
 
 Descript.'] THIS spreads very many i plied, it conglutinates wounds notably, and 
 hready branches round about upon the: helps much to stay defluctions of rheum 
 
A1ND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 101 
 
 fi-om the head to the eyes, nose, and teeth, I did describe it, they would presently say 
 being bruised green and bound thereto ; orjl might as well have spared that labour 
 the forehead, temples, or the nape of the { Its virtue follows. 
 
 neck behind, bathed with the decoction of j Government and virtues."] Rye is more 
 the dried herb. It also dries up the mois-j digesting than wheat; the bread and the 
 tureof fistulous ulcers, or any othsr that are; leaven thereof ripens and breaks impos- 
 foul and spreading. : thumes, boils, and other swellings : The 
 
 ;meal of Rye put between a double cloth, 
 jand moistened with a little vinegar, and 
 
 ALTHOUGH there are many kinds of j heated in a pewter dish, set over a chafing 
 Rushes, yet I shall only here insist upon { dish of coals, and bound fast to the head 
 those which are best known, and most i while it is hot, doth much ease the continual 
 medicinal ; as the bulrushes, and other of; pains of the head. Matthiolus saith, that 
 the soft and smooth kinds, which grow sot the ashes of Rye straw put into water, and 
 commonly in almost every part of this land, i steeped therein a day and a night, and the 
 and are so generally noted, that I suppose j chops of the hands or feet washed therewith, 
 it needless to trouble you with any des- j doth heal them, 
 criplion of them : Briefly then take the| 
 virtues of them as follows: 
 
 Government and virtues.'] The seed of j THE herb needs no description, it being 
 the soft Rushes, (saith Dioscorides and j known generally Avhere it grows. 
 Galen, toasted, saith Pliny) being drank in ; Place.'] It grows frequently at Walden 
 wine and water, stays the lask and women's | in Essex, and in Cambridgeshire, 
 courses, when they come down too abun- Government and virtues.] It is an herb 
 daily : but it causes head-ache ; it pro- j of the Sun, and under the Lion, and there- 
 vokes sleep likewise, but must be given j fore you need not demand a reason why it 
 with caution. The root boiled in water, to j strengthens the heart so exceedingly. Let 
 the consumption of one third, helps the j not above ten grains be given at one time, 
 cough. \ for the Sun, which is the fountain of light, 
 
 Thus you see that conveniences have j may dazzle the eyes, and make them blind; 
 their inconveniences, and virtue is seldom I a cordial being taken in an immoderate 
 unaccompanied with some vices. What t quantity, hurts the heart instead of help- 
 I have written concerning Rushes, is to j ing it. It quickens the brain, for the Sun 
 satisfy my countrymen's questions : Are \ is exalted in Aries, as he hath his house in 
 our Rushes good for nothing? Yes, and as \ Leo. It helps consumptions of the lungs, 
 good let them alone as taken. There are * and difficulty of breathing. It is excellent 
 remedies enough without them for any dis- * in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, small- 
 ease, and therefore as the prqverb is, I care ? pox, and measles. It is a notable expul- 
 not a rush for them ; or rather they will do \ sive medicine, and a notable remedy for the 
 you as much good as if one had given you j yellow jaundice. My opinion is, (but I 
 a Rush. ; have no author for it) that hermodactyls are 
 
 1 nothing else but the roots of Saffron dried : 
 
 1? ^F V ' 
 
 Jand my reason is, that the roots of all 
 
 THIS is so well known in all the counties | crocus, both white and yellow, purge 
 of this land, and especially to the country- i phlegm as hermodactyls do ; and if you 
 people, who feed much thereon, that if I j please to dry the roots of any crocus, neither 
 
 
102 THE COMPLETE HEKBAL 
 
 your eyes nor your taste shall distinguish j with wormwood is good for the bloody-flux, 
 inem from henuodactyls. } Pliny saith, it procures women's courses. 
 
 : and stays them coming down too fast: helps 
 | the stinging and biting of serpents, and kills 
 
 OUR ordinary .garden Sage needs no ? the worms that breed in the ear, and in 
 description. j sores. Sage is of excellent use to help the 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in or about July. j memory, warming and quickening the 
 
 Government and virtues.] Jupiter claims *. senses; and the conserve made of the flowers 
 this, and bids me tell you, it is good for the \ is used to the same purpose, and also for all 
 liver, and to breed blood. A decoction of j the former recited diseases. The juice of 
 the leaves and branches of Sage made and J Sage drank with vinegar, hath been of good 
 drank, saith Dioscorides, provokes urine, ; use in time of the plague at all times, 
 brings down women's courses, helps to ? Gargles likewise are made with Sage, rose- 
 expel the dead child, and causes the hair jmary, honey-s.uckles, and plantain, boiled 
 to become black. It stays the bleeding of j in wine or water, with some honey or allum 
 wounds, and cleanses foul ulcers. Three 1 put thereto, to wash sore mouths and 
 spoonfuls of the juice of Sage taken fasting, j throats, cankers, or the secret parts of man 
 with a little honey, doth presently stay the 5 or woman, as need requires. And with 
 spitting or casting of blood of them that are I other hot and comfortable herbs, Sage is 
 in a consumption. These pills are much i boiled to bathe the body and the legs in the 
 commended ; Take of spikenard, ginger, $ Summer time, especially to warm cold 
 of each two drams; of the seed of Sage ? joints, or sinews, troubled with the palsy 
 toasted at the fire, eight drains ; of long * and cramp, and to comfort and strengthen 
 pepper, twehedrams; all thesebeingbrought; the parts. It is much commended against 
 into powde T , put thereto so much juice of : the stitch, or pains in the side coming of 
 Sage as may make them into a mass of; wind, if the place be fomented warm with 
 pills, taking a dram of them every morning I the decoction thereof in wine, and the 
 fasting, and so likewise at night, drinking I herb also after boiling be laid warm there- 
 a little pure water after them. Matthiolus i unto, 
 saith, it is very profitable for all manner j 
 
 of pains in the head coming of cold and j WOOD-SAGE. 
 
 rheumatic humours: as aisoforall pains of j 
 
 the joints, whether inwardly or outwardly, ; Descript.'] WOOD-SAGE rises up with 
 and therefore helps the falling-sickness, the i square hoary stalks, two feet high at th* 1 
 lethargy such as are dull and heavy of j least, with two leaves set at every joint, 
 spirit, the palsy ; and is of much use in all j somewhat like other Sage leaves, but 
 defluctions of rheum from the head, and for j smaller, softer, whiter, and rounder, and a 
 the diseases of the chest or breast. The j little dented about the edges, and smelling 
 leaves of Sage and nettles bruised together, | somewhat stronger. At the tops of the 
 and laid upon the imposthume that rises ! stalks and branches stand the flowers, on a 
 behind the ears, doth assuage it much. ; slender like spike, turning themselves all 
 The juice of Sage taken in warm water, | one way when they blow, and are of a pale 
 helps a hoarseness and a cough. The j and whitish colour, smaller than Sage, but 
 leaves sodden in wine, and laid upon the j hooded and gaping like unto them. The 
 place affected with the palsy, helps much, j seed is blackish and round ; four usually 
 if the decoction be drank : Also Sage taken i seem in a husk together : the root is long 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 163 
 
 and stringy, with divers fibres thereat, and ! one, and sometimes also two stalks, and 
 abides many years. i flowers at the foot of a leaf, which are.with- 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows in woods, and by j out any scent at all, and stand on the top 
 wood-sides ; as also in divers fields and : of the stalk. After they are past, come ID 
 bye-lanes in the land. their places small round berries great at the 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June, July, and >first,and blackish green, tending to blueness 
 August. I when they are ripe, wherein lie small, 
 
 Government and virtues^] The herb is I white, hard, and stony seeds. The root is 
 under Venus. The decoction of the Wood \ of the thickness of one's finger or thumb, 
 Sage provokes urine and women's courses:! white and knotted in some places, a flat 
 It also provokes sweat, digests humours, | round circle representing a Seal, whereof it 
 and discusses swellings and nodes in the \ took the name, lying along under the upper 
 flesh, and is therefore thought to be good ! crust of the earth, and not growing down- 
 against the French pox. The decoction- ward, but with many fibres underneath, 
 of the green herb, made with wine, is a safe \ Place.'] It is frequent in divers places of 
 and sure remedy for those who by falls, j this land ; as, namely in a wood two miles 
 bruises, or blows, suspect some vein to be j from Canterbury, by Fish-Pool Hill, as also 
 inwardly broken, to disperse and void the j in Bushy Close belonging to the parsonage 
 congealed blood, and to consolidate the j of Alderbury, near Clarendon, two miles 
 veins. The drink used inwardly, and the j from Salisbury : in ChefFon wood, on Ches- 
 herb used outwardly, is good for such as j son Hill, between Newington and Sitting- 
 are inwardly or outwardly bursten, and is; bourn in Kent, and divers other places in 
 found to be a sure remedy for the palsy. 5 Essex, and other counties. 
 The juice of the herb, or the powder there- j Time.'] It flowers about May: The 
 of dried, is good for moist ulcers and sores j root abides and shoots a-new every year, 
 in the legs, and other parts, to dry them, | Government and virtues J] Saturn owns 
 and cause them to heal more speedily. It i the plant, for he loves his bones well. The 
 is no less effectual also in green wounds, to; root of Solomon's Seal is found by experience 
 be used upon any occasion. Jto be available in wounds, hurts, and out- 
 
 SOLOMON'S SEAL. | " ard s ? res ' to heal and cl , ose U P the H P S ! 
 
 those that are green, and to dry up and 
 
 DescriptJ] THE common Solomon's | restrain the flux of humours to those that 
 Seal rises up with a round stalk half a yard j are old. It is singularly good to stay 
 i.igh, bowing or bending down to the| vomitings and bleeding wheresoever, as 
 ground, set with single leaves one above | also all fluxes in man or woman ; also, to 
 another, somewhat large, and like the leaves : knit any joint, which by weakness uses to 
 of the lily-convally, or May-lily, with an \ be often out of place, or will not stay in 
 eye of bluish upon the green, with some j long when it is set; also to knit and join 
 ribs therein, and more yellowish under- j broken bones in any part of the body, the 
 neath. At the foot of every leaf, almost! roots being bruised and applied to the 
 from the bottom up to the top of the stalk, \ places ; yea, it hath been found by expe- 
 come forth small, long, white and hollow \ rience, aird the decoction of the root in 
 pendulous flowers, somewhat like the; wine, or the bruised root put into wine or 
 flowers of May-lily, but ending in five long i other drink, and after a night's infusion, 
 points, for the most part two together, at the j strained forth hard and drank, hath helped 
 end of a long foot-stalk, and sometimes but both man and beast, whose bones hath been 
 
 u u 
 
164 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 broken by any occasion, which is the most | are the cause of most of the diseases which 
 assured refuge of help to people of divers j the frail nature of man is subject to ; both 
 counties of the land that they can have. It : which might be remedied by a more fre- 
 is no less effectual to help ruptures and j quent use of this herb. If people would 
 burstings, the decoction in wine, or the j have sauce to their meat, they may take, 
 powder in broth or drink, being inwardly j sorhe for profit as well as for pleasure. It 
 taken, and outwardly applied to ihe place, j is a safe herb, very pleasant both to taste 
 The same is also available for inward or out- j and stomach, helps digestion, and in some 
 ward bruises, falls or blows, both to dispel ; sort opening obstructions of the liver and 
 the congealed blood, and to take away j spleen : provokes urine, and helps thereby 
 both the pains and the black and blue ; to wash away the gravel and stone engen- 
 inarks that abide after the hurt. The same : dered in the kidneys or bladder, 
 also, or the distilled water of the whole 1 
 plant, used to the face, or other parts of the \ 
 
 skin, cleanses it from morphew, freckles, 5 THIS herb is by many called Butter- 
 spots, or marks whatsoever, leaving the | wort. 
 
 place fresh, fair, and lovely; for which ( DescriptJ] Ordinary Sanicle sends forth 
 purpose it is much used by the Italian ! many great round leaves, standing upon 
 Dames. j long brownish stalks, every one somewhat 
 
 5 deeply cut or divided into five or six parts. 
 
 SAMlIIIltE. , i i 11*1 
 
 : ind some or these also cut in somewhat like 
 
 Descript."] ROCK Samphire grows up j the leaf of crow's-foot, or dove's-foot, and 
 with a tender green stalk about half a yard, j finely dented about the edges, smooth, and 
 or two feet high at the most, branching | of a dark shining colour, and somewhat 
 forth almost from the very bottom, and | reddish about the brims; from among 
 stored with sundry thick and almost round \ which arise up small, round green stalks, 
 (somewhat long) leaves of a deep green j without any joint or leaf thereon, saving at 
 colour, sometimes two together, and some- j the top, where it branches forth into flowers, 
 times more on a stalk, and sappy, and of: having a leaf divided into three or four 
 a pleasant, hot, and spicy taste. At the j parts at that joint with the flowers, which 
 top of the stalks and branches stand umbels : are small and white, starting out of small 
 of white flowers, and after them come large j round greenish yellow heads, many stand- 
 seed, bigger than fennel seed, yet some- \ ing together in a tui't, in which afterwards 
 what like it. The root is great, white, and : are the seeds contained, which are small 
 long, continuing many years, and is of an j round burs, somewhat like the leaves of 
 hot and spicy taste likewise. I clevers, and stick in the same manner upon 
 
 Place.'] It grows on the rocks that art- j any thing that they touch. The root is 
 often moistened at the least, if npt over- 1 composed of many blackish strings or 
 flowed with the sea water. \ fibres, set together at a little long head, 
 
 Time.'] And it flowers and seeds in the j which abides with green leaves all the Win- 
 end of July and August. j ter, and perishes not. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is an herb of j Place.] It is found in many shadowy 
 Jupiter, and was in former times wont to be i woods, and other places of this land, 
 used more than now it is ; the more is the) Time.] It flowers in June, and the seed 
 pity. It is well known almost to every ; is ripe shortly after, 
 body, that ill digestions and obstructions* Government and virtues.] This is one 01 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 105 
 
 Venus's herbs, to cure the wounds or mis- 1 no leaf appears in the Winter. The taste 
 chiefs Mars inflicts upon the body of man. {hereof is strong and unpleasant ; and so is 
 It heals green wounds speedily, or any I the smell also. 
 
 ulcers, imposthumes, or bleedings inward,* PlaceJ] It grows in moist and wet 
 also tumours in any part of the body ; for j grounds, by wood-sides, and sometimes in 
 the decoction or powder in drink taken, | moist places of shadowy groves, as also by 
 and the juice used outwardly, dissipates j the water side. 
 
 the humours : and there is not found any j Time.] It flowers in July, and the seed 
 herb that can give such present help either is soon ripe, and carried away with the 
 to man or beast, when the disease falleth j wind. 
 
 upon the lungs or throat, and to heal upj Government and virtues.] Saturn owns 
 putrid malignant ulcers in the mouth, j the herb, and it is of a sober condition, like 
 throat, and privities, by gargling or wash- j him. Among the Germans, this wound 
 ing with the decoction of the leaves and ' herb is preferred before all others of the 
 roots made in water, and a little honey put i same quality. Being boiled in wine, and 
 thereto. It helps to stay women's courses, I drank, it helps the indisposition of the 
 and all other fluxes of blood, either by the j liver, and freeth the gall from obstructions ; 
 mouth, urine, or stool, and lasks of the | whereby it is good for the yellow jaundice 
 belly ; the ulcerations of the kidneys also, land for the dropsy in the beginning of it 
 and the pains in the bowels, and gonorrhea, ! for all inward ulcers of the reins, mouth or 
 being boiled in wine or water, and drank. j throat, and inward wounds and bruises, 
 The same also is no less powerful to help j likewise for such sores as happen in the 
 any ruptures or burstings, used both in- ; privy parts of men and women; being steeped 
 wardly and outwardly : And briefly, it is! in wine, and then distilled, the water there- 
 as effectual in binding, restraining, conso- $ of drank, is singular!}' good to ease all gnaw- 
 lidating, heating, drying and healing, as 1 ings in the stomach, or other pains of the 
 comfrey, bugle, self-heal, or any other of j body, as also the pains of the mother : and 
 the vulnerary herbs whatsoever. \ being boiled in water, it helps continual 
 
 SARACEN'S CONFOUND, OR SARACEN'S N ues ; d * e f aid * e , r ' m l he . S ple 
 
 WOUNDWORT. | T atef f thC hCrb diSt ^ led ' ? r ^ jU J Ce r 
 
 decoction, are very effectual to heal any 
 
 Descript.'] THIS grows sometimes, with : green wound, or old sore or ulcer what- 
 brownish stalks, and other whiles with j soever, cleansing them from corruption, 
 green, to a man's height, having narrow j and quickly healing them up: Briefly, 
 green leaves snipped about the edges, some- ! whatsoever hath been said of bugle or sani- 
 what like those of the peach-tree, or willow ^ cle, may be found herein, 
 leaves, but not of such a white green colour. ! 
 The tops of the stalks are furnished wilh j SAUCE-ALONE, OR JACK-BY-THE-HEDOE- 
 
 many yellow star-like flowers, standing in; 
 
 green heads, which when they are fallen,! Descript.'] THE lower leaves of this are 
 and the seed ripe, which is somewhat long, j rounder than those that grow towards the 
 small and of a brown colour, wrapped in J top of the stalks, -and are set singly on a 
 down, is therefore carried away with the; joint being somewhat round and broad, 
 wind. The root is composed of fibres set {pointed at the ends, dented also about the < 
 together at a head, which perishes not in edges, somewhat resembling nettle leaves' 
 '* inter, -although the stalkjs dry away and \ for the form, but of a fresher green colour, 
 
Ififi THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 not rough or pricking: The flowers arc} you all the year, if you love yourself and 
 white, growing at the top of the stalks one i your ease, and it is a hundred pounds to a 
 above another, which being past, follow I penny if you do not ; keep it dry, make 
 small round pods, wherein are contained j conserves and syrups of it for your use, and 
 round seed somewhat blackish. The root \ withal, take notice that the Summer kind 
 stringy and thready, perishes every year I is the best. They are both of them hot 
 after it hath given seed, and raises itself: and dry, especially the Summer kind, 
 again of its own sowing. The plant, or ; which is both sharp and quick in taste, 
 any part thereof, being bruised, smells of j expelling wind in the stomach and bowels, 
 garlic, but more pleasantly, and tastes I and is a present help for the rising of the 
 somewhat hot and sharp, almost like unto j mother procured by wind ; provokes urine 
 rocket. and women's courses, and is much corn- 
 
 It grows under walls, and by I mended for women with child to take in- 
 
 'wardly, and to smell often unto. It cures 
 tough phlegm in the chest and lungs, and 
 helps to expectorate it the more easily ; 
 quickens the dull spirits in the lethargy, the 
 juice thereof being snuffed up into the 
 nostrils. The juice dropped into the eyes, 
 clears a dull sight, if it proceed of thin rold 
 humours distilled from the brain. The 
 
 hedge-sides, and path-ways in fields in 
 many places. 
 
 Time.] It flowers in June, July, and 
 A u trust. 
 
 Government and virtues^] It is an herb of 
 Mercury. This is eaten by many country 
 people as sauce to their salt fish, and helps 
 well to digest the crudities and other cor- 
 
 rupt humours engendered thereby. It juiceheated with theoilofRoses, and dropped 
 warms also the stomach, and causes diges- j into the cars, eases them of the noise and 
 tion. The juice thereof boiled with honey \ singing in them, and" of deafness also. 
 is accounted to be as good as hedge mus- \ Outwardly applied with wheat flour, in 
 tard for the cough, to cut and expectorate \ manner of a poultice, it gives ease to the 
 the tough phlegm. The seed bruised and < : sciatica and palsied members, heating and 
 
 boiled in wine, is a singularly good remedy 
 
 wanning them, and takes away their pains. 
 
 for the wind colic, or the stone, being drank I It also takes away the pain that comes by 
 warm : It is also given to women troubled i stinging of bees, wasps, &c. 
 with the mother, both to drink, and the! SAVINE 
 
 seed put into a cloth, and applied while itl 
 
 is warm, is of singularly good use. Thej To describe a plant so well known is need- 
 leaves also, or the seed boiled, is good to be 5 less, it being nursed up almost in every gar- 
 iied in clysters to ease the pains of the j den, and abides green all the Winter. 
 .stone. The green leaves are held to be j Government and virtues^] It is under the 
 good to heal the ulcers in the legs. I dominion of Mars, being hot and dry in 
 
 1 the third degree, and being of exceeding 
 
 WINTER AND SUMMER SAVOURY. Qf & yery 
 
 BOTH these are so well known (being \ If you dry the herb into powder, and mix 
 entertained as constant inhabitants in our jit with honey, it is an excellent remedy to 
 gardens) that they need no description. \ cleanse old filthy ulcers and fistulas ; but 
 
 Government and virtues.~\ Mercury claims \ it hinders them from healing. The same is 
 dominion over this herb, neither is there j excellently good to break carbuncles and 
 H better remedy against the colic and iliac \ plague-sores ; also helps the king's evil, 
 I assion, than this herb; keep it dry by J being applied to the place. Being spread 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 167 
 
 over a piece of leather, and applied to the 
 navel, kills the worms in the belly, helps 
 scabs and itch, running sores, cankers, tet- 
 ters, and ringworms ; and being applied to 
 the place, may haply cure venereal sores. 
 This I thought good to speak of, as it may 
 be safely used outwardly, for inwardly it 
 cannot be taken without manifest danger. 
 
 THE COMMON WHITE SAXIFRAGE. 
 
 Descript] THIS hath a few small red- 
 dish kernels of roots covered with some 
 skins, lying among divers small blackish 
 fibres, which send forth divers round, faint 
 or yellow green leaves, and greyish under- 
 neath, lying above the grounds, unevenly 
 dented about the edges, and somewhat 
 hairy, every one upon a little foot-stalk, 
 from whence rises up round, brownish, 
 hairy, green stalks, two or three feet high, 
 with a few such like round leaves as grow 
 below, but smaller, and somewhat branched 
 at the top, whereon stand pretty large white 
 flowers of five leaves a-piece, with some 
 yellow threads in the middle, standing in a 
 ong crested, brownish green husk. After 
 the flowers are past, there arises sometimes 
 a round hard head, forked at the top, 
 wherein is contained small black seed, but 
 usually they fall away without any seed, 
 and it is the kernels or grains of the root 
 which are usually called the White Saxi- 
 frage-seed, and so used. 
 
 Place] It grows in many places of our 
 land, as well in the lower-most, as in the 
 upper dry corners of meadows, and grassy 
 sand y places. It used to grow near Lamb's 
 conduit, on the backside of Gray's Inn. 
 
 Time] It flowers in May, and then 
 gathered, as well for that which is called 
 the seed, as to distil, for it quickly perishes 
 down to the ground when any hot weather 
 comes. 
 
 Government and virtues] It is very ef- 
 fectual to cleanse the reins aad bladder, 
 and to dissolve the ttone engendered in 
 
 them, and to expel it and the gravel by 
 urine ; to help the stranguary ; for which 
 purpose the decoction of the herb or roots 
 | in white wine, is most usual, or the powder 
 | of the small kerneliy toot, which is called 
 the seed, taken in white wine, or in the 
 same decoction made with white wine, is 
 most usual. The distilled water of the 
 \ whole herb, root and flowers, is most fami- 
 | liar to be taken. It provokes also women's 
 : courses, and frees and cleanses the stomach 
 I and lungs from thick and tough phlegm 
 | that trouble them. There are not many 
 $ better medicines to break the stone than 
 I this. 
 
 ! 
 
 BURNET SAXIFRAGE. 
 
 I 
 
 Descript] THE greater sort of our 
 English Burnet Saxifrage grows up with 
 divers long stalks of winged leaves, set 
 | directly opposite one to another on both 
 {sides, each being somewhat broad, and a 
 I little pointed and dented about the edges, 
 ! o a sad green colour. At the top of the 
 alks stand umbels of white flowers, after 
 | which come small and blackish seed. The 
 I root is long and whitish, abiding long. Our 
 i lesser Burnet Saxifrage hath much finer 
 I leaves than the former, and very small, and 
 \ set one against another, deeply jagged 
 | about the edges, and of the same colour as 
 j the former. The umbels of the flowers are 
 | white, and the seed very small, and so is 
 i the root, being also somewhat hot and quick 
 in taste. 
 
 Place] These grow in moist meadows 
 \ of this land, and are easy to be found being 
 I well sought for among the grass, wherein 
 many times they lay hid scarcely to be dis- 
 cerned. 
 
 Time] They flower about July, and 
 i their seed is ripe in August. 
 
 Government and virtues] They are both 
 | of them herbs of the Moon. The Saxi- 
 frages are hot as pepper ; and Tragus saith, 
 by his experience, that they are wholesome 
 x x 
 
168 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 They have the same properties the pars- j great, white and thick, growing clown deep 
 
 leys have, but in provoking urine, and 1 into the ground, and abides many years. 
 
 causing the pains thereof, and of the wind : There is another sort of Field Scabious 
 
 and colic, are much more effectual, the! different in nothing from the former, but 
 
 roots or seed being used either in powder, only it is smaller in all respects. 
 
 or in decoctions, or any other way ; and The Corn Scabious differs little from the 
 
 likewise helps the windy pains of the first, but that it is greater in all respects, 
 
 mother, and to procure their courses, and | and the flowers more inclining to purple, 
 
 to break and void the stone in the kidneys, -and the root creeps under the upper crust 
 
 to digest cold, viscous, and tough phlegm j of the earth, and runs not deep into the 
 
 in the stomach, and is an especial remedy > ground as the first doth. 
 
 against all kind of Venom. Castoreurn j Place.'] The first grows more usually in 
 
 being boiled in the distilled water thereof, meadows, especially about London every 
 
 is singularly good to be given to those that! where. 
 
 are troubled with cramps and convulsions. ! The second in some of the dry fields 
 
 about this city, but not so plentifully as the 
 former. 
 
 Some do use to make the seeds into comfits 
 (as they do carraway seeds) which is effec- 
 tual to all the purposes aforesaid. The The third in standing corn, or fallow 
 juice of the herb dropped into the most fields, and the borders of such like fields, 
 grievous wounds of the head, dries up their \ Time.'] They flower in June and July, 
 moisture, and heals them quickly. Some t and some abide flowering until it be late in 
 
 women use the distilled water to take away 
 freckles or spots in the skin or face ; and 
 to drink the same sweetened with sugar for 
 all the purposes aforesaid. 
 
 August, and the seed is ripe in the mean 
 
 time. 
 
 There are many other sorts of Scabious, 
 but I take these which I have here des- 
 
 cribed to be most familiar with us. The 
 SCABIOUS, THREE SORTS. virtues of both these and the rest, being 
 
 Descnpt.~] COMMON field Scabious grows ; 
 
 . i i . i i 
 
 much alike, take them as follow. 
 
 Government and mrtues.'] Mercury owns 
 
 up with many hairy, soft, whitish ^green \ the plant. Scabious is very effectual for 
 leaves, some whereof are very little, if at ] all sorts of coughs, shortness of breath, and 
 all jagged on the edges, others very much jail other diseases of the breast and lungs, 
 rent and torn on the sides, and have threads ; ripening and digesting cold phlegm, and 
 in them, ^ which upon breaking may be I other tough humours, voids them forth by 
 plainly seen; from among which rise up J coughing and spitting: It ripens also all 
 divers hairy green stalks, three or four feet {sorts of inward ulcers and impostlunnes ; 
 high, with such like hairy green leaves on j pleurisy also, if the decoction of the her!) 
 them, but more deeply and finely divided and j dry or green be made in wine, and drank 
 branched forth a little : At the tops thereof,; for some time together. Four ounces of 
 which are naked and bare of leaves for ajthe clarified juice of Scabious taken in the 
 good space, stand round heads of flowers,] morning fasting, with a dram of mithridate, 
 of a pale blueish colour, set together in a -or Venice treacle, frees the heart from any 
 head, the outermost whereof are larger than | infection of pestilence, if after the taking 
 the inward, with many threads also in the; of it the party sweat two hours in bed, and 
 middle, somewhat flat at the top, as the \ this medicine be again and again repeated, 
 head with the seed is likewise ; the root is i if need require. The green herb bruised 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 1 
 
 and applied to any carbuncle or plague j grass hath many thick flat leaves, more 
 sore, is found by certain experience to dis- ; long than broad, and sometimes longer and 
 solve and break it in three hours space, i narrower ; sometimes also smooth on the 
 The same decoction also drank, helps the I edges, and sometimes a little waved ; some- 
 pains and stitches in the side. The decoc-j times plain, smooth and pointed, of a sad 
 tion of the roots taken for forty days toge- j green, and sometimes a blueish colour, 
 ther, or a dram of the powder of them j every one standing by itself upon a long 
 taken at a time in whey, doth (as Malthi- \ foot-stalk, which is brownish or greenish 
 olus saith) wonderfully help those that are ! also, from among which arise many slender 
 troubled with running of spreading scabs, j stalks, bearing few leaves thereon like the 
 tetters, ringworms, yea, although they pro- ] other, but longer and less for the most 
 ceed from the French pox, which, he saith j part : At the tops whereof grow many 
 he hath tried by experience. The juice or| whitish flowers, with yellow threads in the 
 decoction drank, helps also scabs and j middle, standing about a green head, which 
 breakings-out of the itch, and the like. | becomes the seed vessel, which will be 
 The juice also made up into an ointment | somewhat flat when it is ripe, wherein is 
 and used, is effectual for the same purpose. j contained reddish seed, tasting somewhat 
 The same also heals all inward wounds by I hot. The root is made of many white 
 the drying, cleansing, and healing quality j strings, which stick deeply into the mud, 
 therein : And a syrup made of the juice j wherein it chiefly delights, yet it will well 
 and sugar, is very effectual to all the pur- > abide in the rr.ore upland and drier ground, 
 poses aforesaid, and so is the distilled water ! and tastes a little brackish and salt even 
 of the herb and flowers made in due season, ! there, but not so much as where it hath the 
 especially to be used when the green herb ; salt water to feed upon, 
 is not in force to be taken. The decoction j PlaceJ] It grows all along the Thames 
 of the herb and roots outwardly applied,; sides, both on the Essex and Kentish 
 doth wonderfully help all sorts of hard or 1 shores, from Woolwich round about the 
 cold swellings in any part of the body, is sea costs to Dover, Portsmouth, and even 
 effectual for shrunk sinews or veins, and j to Bristol, where it is had in plenty ; the 
 heals green wounds, old sores, and ulcers, jotherwith round leaves grows in the marshes 
 The juice of Scabious, made up with the | in Holland, in Lincolnshire, and other 
 powder of Borax and Samphire, cleanses i places of Lincolnshire by the sea side, 
 the skin of the face, or other parts of the 1 Descript.~\ There is also another sort 
 body, not only from freckles and pimples, j called Dutch Scurvygrass, which is most 
 but also from morphew and leprosy ; the ; known, and frequent in gardens, which has 
 head washed with the decoction, cleanses it I fresh, green, and almost round leaves rising 
 from dandriff, scurf, sores, itch, and the 1 from the root, not so thick as the former, 
 
 like, used warm. The herb bruised and 
 applied, doth in a short time loosen, and 
 
 yet in some rich ground, very large, even 
 twice as big as in others, not dented about 
 
 draw forth any splinter, broken bone, | the hedges,or hollow in the middle, standing 
 arrow head, or other such like thing lying Ion a long foot-stalk; from among these 
 in the flesh. rise long, slender stalks, higher than the for- 
 
 mer, with more white flowers at the tops of 
 
 SCURVYGRASS. : them, which turn into small pods, and 
 
 ^smaller brownish seed than the former 
 Descript.] THE ordinary English Scurvy- [The root is white, small and thready. Thf 
 
170 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 taste is nothing salt at all ; it hath a hot, | the ground, whereby it is made a great tuft 
 aromatical spicy taste. : in a shorl time. 
 
 Time.~] It flowers in April and May,: Place."] It is found in woods and fields 
 and gives seed ripe quickly after. \ every where. 
 
 Government and virtues, .] It is an herb of j TimeJ] It flowers in May, and some- 
 Jupiter. The English Scurvy grass is more j times in April. 
 
 used for the salt taste it bears, which doth ; Government and virtues.'] Here is another 
 somewhat open and cleanse; but the Dutch ! herb of Venus, Self-heal, whereby when 
 Scurvygrass is of better effect, and chiefly \ you are hurt you may heal yourself: It is 
 used (if it may be had) by those that have \ a special herb for inward and outward 
 the scurvy, and is of singular good effect to > wounds. Take it inwardly in syrups for 
 
 cleanse the blood, liver, and spleen, taking 
 
 inward wounds : outwardly in unguents, 
 
 the juice in the Spring every morning fast- and plaisters for outward. As Self-heal is 
 ing in a cup of drink. The decoction is j like Bugle in form, so also in the qualities 
 good for the same purpose, and opens j and virtues, serving for all the purposes 
 
 obstructions, evacuating cold, clammy and 
 phlegmatic humours both from the liver 
 and the spleen, and bringing the body to a j 
 
 whereto Bugle is applied to with good success, 
 either inwardly or outwardly, for inward 
 wounds or ulcers whatsoever within the 
 
 more lively colour. The juice also helps j body, for bruises or falls, and such like 
 all foul ulcers and sores in the mouth, | hurts. If it be accompanied with Bugle, 
 gargled therewith ; and used outwardly, ; Sanicle, and other the like wound herbs, 
 cleanses the skin from spots, marks, or scars it will be more effectual to wash or inject 
 that happen therein. j into ulcers in the parts outwardly. Where 
 
 i there is cause to repress the heat and sharp- 
 SELF-HEAL. j ness of humours flowing to any sore, ulcers, 
 
 i inflammations, swellings, or the like, or to 
 
 Descnpt.~\ THE common Self-heal which ; stay the fluxes of blood in any wound or 
 is called also Prune!, Carpenter's Herb, | part, this is used with some good success; 
 Hook-heal, and Sickle-wort, is a small, low, | as also to cleanse the foulness of sores, and 
 creeping herb, having many small, roundish I cause them more speedily to be healed. It 
 pointed leaves, like leaves of wild mints, of; is an especial remedy for all green wounds, 
 a dark green colour, without dents on the j to solder the lips of them, and to keep the 
 edges ; from among which rise square hairy j place from any further inconveniencies. 
 stalks, scarce a foot high, which spread! The juice hereof used with oil of roses to 
 sometimes into branches with small leaves ! anoint the temples and forehead, is very ef- 
 set thereon, up to the top, where stand | fectual to remove head ache, and the same 
 brown spiked heads of small brownish j mixed with honey of roses, cleanses and 
 leaves like scales and flowers set together, | heals all ulcers, in the mouth, and throat, 
 almost like the heads of Cassidony, which jand those also in the secret parts. And the 
 flowers are gaping, and of a blueish purple, j proverb of the Germans, French, and 
 or more pale blue, in some places sweet, \ others, is verified in this, That he needs 
 but not so in otheis. The root consists of: neither physician nor surgeon that haih Self- 
 many fibres downward, and spreading i heal and Sanicle to help himself. 
 strings also whereby it increases. The> 
 mail stalks, with the leaves creeping on the I 
 ground, shoot forth fibres taking hold on 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 171 
 
 being bound lo the wrists of the hands, and 
 the soles of the feet, it helps the yellow 
 
 THE SERVICE-TREE. 
 
 . ., , , i ^ 5 jaundice. The herb being made into a 
 IT is so well known m the place where j j ui hel inflammatio s and St. An- 
 
 it grows that it needs no description. j f h > s fire F The . j bd d d . 
 
 Tune.-] It flowers before the end of * ]s ^ ^ > e l / mutter . 
 
 May, and the fruit is ripe in October. thereof A ^ ointment be 
 
 GoKromorf ami Ate*,] Services when { ^ . u * d iall W( / un(is 
 
 they are mellow, are fit to be taken to stay j . the4iead 
 
 fluxes, scouring, and casting, yet less than | 
 
 medlers. If they be dried before they be j SMALLAGE 
 
 mellow, and kept all the year, they may be j 
 
 used in decoctions for the said purpose, j THIS . g a]o ye wdl fe and |here _ 
 
 either to drink, or to bathe the pai t, re- > fore j ^ not yj^ the reader 
 
 qumng it ; and are prontao.y used in that | i 
 
 : V 
 
 on 
 
 manner to stay the bleeding of wounds,: p ^, n ; g natura]] in d and 
 and of the mouth or nose to be applied to; If ^ in 
 
 the forehead and nape of the neck ; and are ; , / f, nr Lnpr VPW WP!) 
 
 i i l f* O i vl t 115 i\/ 111C1C \J * *-fj LJC/1 o V Cl V V* dl 
 
 Kme.] It abides green all the Winter, 
 
 SHEPHERD'S PURSE. and seeds in August. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is an herbol 
 
 IT is called Whoreman's Permacety, j Mercury. Smallage is hotter, drier, ami 
 Shepherd's Scrip, Shepherd's Pounce, Toy- ; much more medicinal than parsley, for it 
 wort, Pickpurse, and Casework ; much more opens obstructions of the liver 
 
 Descript.'] The root is small, white, and ! and spleen, rarefies thick phlegm, and 
 perishes every year. The leaves are small i cleanses it and the blood withal. It pro- 
 and long, of a palegreen colour, and deeply j vokes urine and women's courses, and is 
 cut in on both sides, among which spring! singularly good against the yellow jaundice, 
 up a stalk which is small and round, con- j tertian and quartan agues, if the juice 
 taining small leaves upon it even to the top. j thereof be taken, but especially made u 
 The flowers are white and very small ; after j into a syrup. The juice also put to honey 
 which come the little cases which hold the > of roses, and barley-water, is very good to 
 seed, which are flat, almost in the form of $ gargle the mouth and throat of those that 
 a heart. \ have sores and ulcers in them, and will 
 
 Place.'] They are frequent in this nation, > quickly heal them. The same lotion also 
 almost by every path-side. | cleanses and heals all other foul ulcers and 
 
 Time.'] They flower all the Summer I cankers elsewhere, if they be washed there- 
 long ; nay some of them are so fruitful, that \ with. The seed is especially used to break 
 they flower twice a year. land expel wind, to kill worms, and to help 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under theja stinking breath. The root is effectual to 
 dominion of Saturn, and of a cold, dry, i all the purposes aforesaid, and is held to 
 and binding nature, like to him. It helps be stronger in operation than the herb, but 
 all fluxes of blood, either caused by inward j especially to open obstructions, and to rid 
 or outward wounds; as also flux of the I away any ague, if the juice thereof be taken 
 belly, and bloody flux, spitting blood, and 1 in wine, or the decoction thereof m wine. 
 bloody urine, stops the terms in women ;$ used. 
 
 v y 
 
17*2 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Government and dtrftits.] It is under the 
 
 SOPEWORT, OR BRUISEWORT. I dominion of Venus. Sorrel is prevalent in 
 
 I all hot diseases, to cool any inflammation 
 
 DescriptJ] THE roots creep under j and heat of blood in agues pestilential or 
 ground far and near, with many joints j choleric, or sickness and fainting, arising 
 therein, of a brown colour on the outside I from heat, and to refresh the overspent 
 and yellowish within, shooting forth in : spirits with the violence of furious or fiery 
 divers places weak round stalks, full of * fits of agues ; to quench thirst, and procure 
 joints, set with two leaves a-piece at every janappetitein fainting ordecaying stomachs: 
 one of them on a contrary side, which are } ! For it resists the putrefaction of the blood, 
 ribbed somewhat like to plantain, and; kills worms, and is a cordial to the heart, 
 fashioned like the common field white cam- : which the seed doth more effectually, being 
 pion leaves, seldom having any branches! more drying and binding, and thereby stays 
 j'rom the sides of the stalks, but set with j the hot fluxes of women's courses, or of 
 flowers at the top, standing in long husks j humours in the bloody flux, or flux of the 
 like the wild campions, made of five leaves | stomach. The root also in a decoction, or 
 a-piece, round at the ends, and dented in | in powder, is effectual for all the said pur- 
 the middle, of a rose colour, almost white, I poses. Both roots and seeds, as well as the 
 sometimes deeper, sometimes paler ; of a ; herb, are held powerful to resist the poison 
 reasonable scent. of the scorpion. The decoction of the roots 
 
 Place.~\ It grows wild in many low and is taken to help the jaundice, and to expel 
 wet grounds of this land, by brooks and the j the gravel and the stone in the reins or kid- 
 sides of running waters. j neys. The decoction of the flowers made 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers usually in July, and; with wine and drank, helps the black jaun- 
 so continues all August, and part of Sep-ldice, as also the inward ulcers of the body 
 ternber, before they be quite spent. .5 and bowels. A syrup made with the juice 
 
 Government and virtues."] Venus owns it. ; of Sorrel and fumitory, is a sovereign help 
 The country people in divers places do use j to kill those sharp humours that cause the 
 to bruise the leaves of Sopewort, and lay it i itch. The juice thereof, with a little vine- 
 to their fingers, hands or legs, when they: gar, serves well to be used outwardly for 
 are cut, to heal them up again. Some 5 the same cause, and is also profitable for 
 make great boast thereof, that it is diureti-' tetters, ringworms, &c. It helps also to 
 cal to provoke urine, aud thereby to expel : discuss the kernels in the throat; and the 
 gravel and the stone in the reins or kidneys, I juice gargled in the mouth, helps the sores 
 and do also account it singularly good to -therein. The leaves wrapt in a colewort 
 void hydropical waters : and they no less j leaf and roasted in the embers, and applied 
 extol it to perform an absolute cure in the 5 to a hard imposthume, botch, boil, or plague 
 French pox, more than either sarsaparilla, j sore, doth both ripen and break it. The 
 guiacum, or China can do ; which, how ; distilled water of the herb is of much good 
 true it is, I leave others to judge. : use for all the purposes aforesaid. 
 
 * 
 
 SORREt,. WOOD SORREL. 
 
 I 
 \ 
 \ 
 
 OUB ordinary Sorrel, which grows in j De&cripl.] Tins grows upon the ground, 
 gardens, and also wild in the fields, is so having a munluT of leaves coining from 
 well known, that it needs no description, jthe root made of three leaves, like a trefoil. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 173 
 
 but broad at the ends, and cut in the mid-f 
 
 iv r 11*1 i i> o v w j. i"i .1 o l Li la 
 
 die, of a yellowish green colour, every onej 
 
 standing on a long foot-stalk, which at I Sow Thistles are generally so well known , 
 their first coming up are close folded togc-? that they need no description, 
 ther to the stalk, but opening themselves j P/r/ce.] They grow in gardens and 
 afterwards, and are of a fine sour relish, j manured grounds, sometimes by old walls, 
 and yielding a juice which will turn red j pathsides of fields, and high ways, 
 when it is clarified, and makes a mostj Government and virtues^] This and the 
 dainty clear syrup. Among these leaves j former are under the influence of Venus, 
 rise up divers slender, weak foot-stalks, j Sow Thistles are cooling, and somewhat 
 with every one of them a flower at the top, j binding, and are very fit to cool a hot 
 consisting of five small pointed leaves, star- \ stomach, and ease the pains thereof. The 
 fashion, of a white colour, in most places, s herb boiled in wine, is very helpful to stay 
 and in some dashed over with a small show i the dissolution of the stomach, and the milk 
 of blueish, on the back side only. After; that is taken from the stalks Avhen they are 
 the flowers are past, follow small round j broken, given in drink, is beneficial to those 
 heads, with small yellowish seed in them. \ that are short winded, and have a wheez- 
 The roots are nothing but small strings! ing. Pliny sailh, That it hath caused the 
 fastened to the end of a small long piece;! gravel and stone to be voided by urine, and 
 all of them being of a yellowish colour. j that the eating thereof helps a stinking 
 Place.'] It grows in many places of our j breath. The decoction of the leaves and 
 land, in woods and wood-sides, where, they j stalks causes abundance of milk in nurses^, 
 be moist and shadowed, and in other places ! and their children to be well coloured. Thfr 
 not too much upon the Sun. ! juice or distilled water is good for all hot 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers in April and May. j inflammations, wheals, and erputions or 
 Government and virtues.] Venus owns it. ; heat in the skin, itching of the haemorr- 
 Wood Sorrel serves to all the purposes that \ hoids. The juice boiled or thoroughly 
 the other Sorrels do, and is more effectual i heated in a little oil of bitter almonds in the 
 in hindering putrefaction of blood, and | peel of a pomegranate, and dropped into 
 ulcers in the mouth and body, and to j the ears, is a sure remedy for deafness, sing- 
 quench thirst, to strengthen a weak stomach, j ings, &c. Three spoonfuls of the juice 
 to procure an appetite, to stay vomiting, ! taken, warmed in white wine, and some 
 and very excellent in any contagious sick- 1 wine put thereto, causes women in travail 
 ness or pestilential fevers. The syrup made \ to have so easy and speedy a delivery, that 
 of the juice, is effectual in all the cases 5 they may be able to walk presently after, 
 aforesaid, and so is the distilled water of It is wonderful good for women to wash 
 the herb. Sponges or linen cloths wet in \ their faces with, to clear the skin, and giv 
 the juice and applied outwardly to any hot j it a lustre, 
 swelling or inflammations, doth much cool I BOTTTHPRV worm 
 
 11_1 .1 mi .1 1$ oUUlrl.rjlv.NWUUJD 
 
 and help them. Ihe same juice taken and t 
 
 gargled in the mouth, and after it, is spit j SOUTHERN Wood is so well known to oe 
 
 forth, taken afresh, doth wonderfully help a an ordinary inhabitant in our gardens, 
 
 foul stinking canker or ulcer therein. It | that I shall not need to trouble you with 
 
 is singularly good to heal wounds, or to: any description thereof. 
 
 slay the bleeding of thrusts or scabs in the: Time.] It flowers for the most part in 
 
 body. $July and August. 
 
174 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Government and virtues. It is a gallant 
 mercurial plant, worthy of more esteem 
 
 than it hath. Dioscorides sailh, That the 
 seed bruised, heated in warm water, and 
 drank, helps those that are bursten, or 
 troubled with cramps or convulsions of the 
 sinews, the sciatica, or difficulty in making 
 
 SPIGNEL, OB SPIKENARD. 
 
 DescriptJ] THE roots of common Spig- 
 nel do spread much and deep in the ground, 
 many strings or branches growing from one 
 head, which is hairy at the top, of a black- 
 ish brown colour on the outside, and while 
 
 water, and bringing down women's courses. I within, from whence rise sundry long stalks 
 The same taken in wine is an antidote, or! taste, from whece rise sundry long stalks 
 counter-poison against all deadly poison, I of most fine cut leaves like hair, smallei 
 and drives away serpents and other venom- j than dill, set thick on both sides of the 
 ous creatures ; as also the smell of the herb, j stalks, and of a good scent. Among these 
 being burnt, doth the same. The oil thereof | leaves rise up round stiff stalks, with a few 
 anointed on the back-bone before the fits of \ joints and leaves on them, and at the tops 
 agues come, takes them away : It takes j an umbel of pure white flowers ; at the 
 away inflammations in the eyes, if it be put I edges whereof sometimes will be seen a 
 with some part of a roasted quince, and! shew of the reddish blueish colour, especi- 
 
 boiled with a few crumbs of bread, and ap- 
 plied. Boiled with barley-meal it takes 
 
 ally before they be full blown, and are 
 succeeded by small, somewhat round seeds, 
 
 away pimpels, pushes or wheals that arise! bigger than the ordinary fennel, and of a 
 in the face, or other parts of the body.! brown colour, divided into two parts, and 
 The seed as well as the dried herb, is often I crusted on the back, as most of the umbel- 
 given to kill the worms in children: The jliferous seeds are. 
 
 herb bruised and laid to, helps to draw forth I Place.'] It grows wild in Lancashire, 
 splinters and thorns out of the flesh. The ! Yorkshire, and other northern counties, and 
 ashes thereof dries up and heals old ulcers, j is also planted in gardens, 
 that are without inflammation, although by j Government and virtues.] It is an herb of 
 the sharpness thereof it bites sore, and puts j Venus. Galen saith, The roots of Spignel 
 them to sore pains ; as also the sores in the | are available to provoke urine, and women's 
 privy parts of man or woman. The ashes j courses ; but if too much thereof be taken, 
 mingled with old salladoil, helps those that \ it causes head-ache. The roots boiled in 
 have hair fallen, and are bald, causing the j wine or water, and drank, helps the stran- 
 hair to grow again either on the head or jguary and stoppings of the urine, the wind, 
 beard. Daranters saith, That the oil made j swellings and pains in the stomach, pains 
 of Southern-wood, and put among theoint- j of the mother, and all joint-aches. It' the 
 ments that are used against the French dis-j powder of the root be mixed with honey, 
 ease, is very effectual, and likewise kills | and the same taken as a licking medicine, 
 lice in the head. The distilled water of the j it breaks tough phlegm, and dries up the 
 herb is said to help them much that are J rheum that falls on the lungs. The roots an: 
 troubled with the stone, as also for the dis- | accounted very effectual against the sting- 
 eases of the spleen and mother. The Ger-f ingor biting of any i enomous creature 
 mans commend it for a singular wound j ' 
 
 c . Q . P SPLEENWORT, CETERACH, OR HEARTS 
 
 herb, and therefore call it Stabwort. It is \ 
 
 held by all writers, ancient and modern, j 
 
 to be more offensive to the stomach than! Descript.~\ TII E smooth Spleen wort, from 
 
 worm-wood. 'a black, thready and bushy loot, sends fort)) 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 175 
 
 many long single leaves, cut in on both down to the ground, that it seems a pretty 
 tides into round dents almost to the middle, j bush, set with divers the like divided leaves 
 tvhich is not so hard as that of polypody, up to the tops, where severally do stand 
 each division being not always set opposite \ small whitish green heads, set with sharp 
 nnto the other, cut between each, smooth, ; white pricks (no part of the plant else being 
 and of a light green on the upper side, and \ prickly) which are somewhat yellowish ; 
 a dark yellowish roughness on the back, | out of the middle whereof rises the flowers, 
 folding or rolling itself inward at the first I com posed of many small redaish purple 
 springing up. (threads ; and in the heads, after the flowers 
 
 Place.'] It grows as well upon stone | are past, come small whitish round seed, 
 walls, as moist and shadowy places, about Hying down as others do. The root is small, 
 Bristol, and other the west parts plentifully; | long and woody, perishing every year, and 
 as also on Framlingham Castle, on Bea- Arising again of its own sowing, 
 consfield church in Berkshire, at Stroud ini Placed] It grows wild in the fields about 
 Kent, and elsewhere, and abides green all | London in many places, as at Mile-End 
 the Winter. \ green, and many other places. 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Saturn owns it. j Time.'] It flowers early, and seeds in 
 It is generally used against infirmities of j July, and sometimes in August. 
 the Spleen : It helps the stranguary, and ! Government and virtues."] This, as almost 
 wasteth the stone in the bladder, and is; all Thistles are, is under Mars. The seed 
 good against the yellow jaundice and the I of this Star Thistle made into powder, and 
 hiccough; but the juice of it in women -drank in wine, provokes urine, and helps 
 hinders conception. Matthiolus saith, That- to break the stone, and drives it forth. The 
 if a dram of the dust that is on the back- j root in powder, and given in wine and 
 side of the leaves be mixed with half a dram j drank, is good against the plague and pes- 
 of amber in powder, and taken with the* tilence ; and drank in the morning fasting 
 juice of purslain or plantain, it helps the^ for some time together, it is very profitable 
 gonorrhea speedily, and that the herb and j for fistulas in any part of the body, 
 root being boiled and taken, helps fell; Baptista Sardas doth much commend the 
 melancholy diseases, and those especially > distilled water thereof, being drank, to help 
 that arise from the French diseases, i the French disease, to open the obstructions 
 Camerarius saith, That the distilled water \ of the liver, and cleanse the blood from 
 thereof being drank, is very effectual against | corrupted humours, and is profitable against 
 the stone in the reins and bladder ; and \ the quotidian or tertian ague, 
 that the lye that is made of the ashes there- { 
 
 of being drank for some time together, $ STRAWBERRIES. 
 
 helps splenetic persons. It is used in out-* 
 
 ward remedies for the same purpose. THESE are so well known through this 
 
 STAR THTSTT P >lancl, that they need no description. 
 
 I:\l- I II A3 1 AJ.T/* j m* ~l mi /I H f 1* *t 
 
 Ttme.j 1 hey flower in May ordinarily, 
 
 Descript.'] A COMMON Star Thistle has and the fruit is ripe shortly after, 
 divers narrow leaves lying next the ground, { Government and virtues.'] Venus owns the 
 cut on the edges somewhat deeply into j herb. Strawberries, when they are green, 
 many parts, soft or a little woo ly, all over j are cool and dry ; but when they are ripe, 
 green, among which rise up divers weak 1 they are cool and moist: The berries are 
 stalks, parted into many branches, a'i lying {excellently good to cool the liver, the blood, 
 
 z z 
 
170 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and the spleen, or an hot choleric stomach ; t and for such other defects in them as may 
 to refresh and comfort the fainting spirits, ! be helped by any outward medicine, 
 and quench thirst: They are good also for; 
 
 SUCCORY, OR CHICORY. 
 
 other inflammations ; yet it is not amiss toj 
 
 refrain from them in a fever, lest by their j Descript.~\ THE garden Succory halh 
 putrifying in the stomach they increase: long and narrower leaves than the Endive, 
 the fits. The leaves and roots boiled | and more cut in or torn on the edges, and 
 in wine and water, and drank, do like- 1 the root abides many years. It bears also 
 wise cool the liver and blood, and assuage { blue flowers like Endive, and the seed is 
 all inflammations in the reins and bladder, j hardly distinguished from the seed of the 
 provoke urine, and allay the heat and : smooth or ordinary Endive, 
 sharpness thereof. The same also being* The wild Succory hath divers long leaves 
 drank stays the bloody flux and women's s lying on the ground, A'ery much cut in or 
 courses, and helps the swelling of the ; torn on the edges, on both sides, even to the 
 spleen. The water of the Berries carefully j middle rib, ending in a point ; sometimes 
 distilled, is a sovereign remedy and cordial ; it hath a rib down to the middle of the 
 in the panting and beating of the heart, j leaves, from among which rises up a hard, 
 and is good for the yellow jaundice. The j round, woody stalk, spreading into many 
 juice dropped into foul ulcers, or they j branches, set with smaller and less divided 
 washed therewith, or the decoction of the | leaves on them up to the tops, where stand 
 herb and root, doth wonderfully cleanse j the flowers, which are like the garden kind, 
 and help to cure them. Lotions and gar- j and the seed is also (only take notice that 
 gles for sore mouths, or ulcers therein, or in ; the flowers of the garden kind are gone in 
 the privy parts or elsewhere, are made with ; on a sunny day, they being so cold, that 
 the leaves and roots thereof; which. is also \ they are not able to endure the beams of the 
 good to fasten loose teelh, and to heal? sun, and therefore more delight in the shade) 
 spungy foul gums. It helps also to stay Uhe root is white, but more hard and woody 
 catarrhs, or defluctions of rheum in the j than the garden kind. The whole plant is 
 mouth, throat, teeth, or eyes. The juice or i exceedingly bitter. 
 
 water is singularly good for hot and red ; PlaceJ] This grows in many places of 
 inflamed eyes, if dropped into them, or they our land in waste unfilled and barren fields, 
 bathed therewith. It is also of excellent | The other only in gardens, 
 property for all pushes, wheals and other; Government and virtues.'] It is an herb of 
 breakings forth of hot and sharp humours j Jupiter. Garden Succory, as it is more 
 in the face and hands, and other parts of i dry and less cold than Endive, so it opens 
 the body, to bathe them therewith, and to } more. An handful of the leaves, or roots 
 take away any redness in the face, or spots, I boiled in wine or water, and a draught 
 or other deformities in the skin, and to make thereof drank fasting, drives forth choleric 
 it clear and smooth. Some use this rnedi- j and phlegmatic humours, opens obstruc- 
 cine , Take so many Strawberries as you j tions of the liver, gall and spleen ; helps the 
 shall think fitting, and put them into a dis-> yellow jaundice, the heat of the reins, and 
 tillatory, or body of glass fit for them, which ! of the urine; the dropsy also ; and those 
 being well closed, set it in a bed of horse! that have an evil disposition in their bodies, 
 dung for your use. It is an excellent water! by reason of long sickness, evil diet, &c. 
 for hot inflamed eyes, and to take away a j which the Greeks call Cachexia. Adccoe- 
 film or skin that begins to grow over them, j lion thereof made with wine, and drank, is 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 177 
 
 very effectual against long lingering agues ; i of choler, thereby preventing diseases 
 and a dram of the seed in powder, drank in | arising from choleric humours. It expels 
 wine, before the fit of the ague, helps to j poison much, resists pestilential fevers, being 
 drive it away. The distilled water of the \ exceeding good also for tertian agues : You 
 herb and flowers (if you can take them in i may drink the decoction of it, if you please, 
 time) hath the like properties, and is es- 1 for all the foregoing infirmities. It 
 
 is so 
 
 pecially good for hot stomachs, and in j harmless an herb, you can scarce use it 
 
 as also the 
 
 agues, either pestilential or of long con-! amiss: Being bruised and applied to the 
 
 tinuance ; for swoonings and passions of \ place, it helps the king's evil, and any other 
 
 the heart, for the heat and head -ache in j knots or kernels in the flesh 
 
 children, and for the blood and liver. The j piles. 
 
 said water, or the juice, or the bruised 
 
 leaves applied outwardly, allay swellings, 
 
 inflammations, St. Anthony's fire, pushes,! 
 
 ENGLISH TOBACCO. 
 
 wheals, and pimples, especially used with i 
 a little vinegar ; as also to wash pestiferous 
 sores. The said water is very effectual for 
 
 sore eyes that are inflamed with redness, 
 for nurses' breasts that are pained by the 
 abundance of milk. 
 
 The wild Succory, as it is more bitter, 
 
 so it is more strengthening to the stomach ] large : scarce standing above the brims of 
 and liver. I the husks, round pointed also, and of a 
 
 {greenish yellow colour. The seed that 
 follows is not so bright, but larger, 
 
 Descript.'] THIS rises up with a round 
 thick stalk, about two feet high, whereon- 
 do grow thick, flat green leaves, nothing so 
 large as the other Indian kind, somewhat 
 round pointed also, and nothing dented 
 about the edges. The stalk branches forth, 
 and bears at the tops divers flowers set on 
 great husks like the other, but nothing so 
 
 STONE-CROP, PRICK-MADAM, OR SMALL- 
 HOUSELEEK'. 
 
 con- 
 
 Descript."] IT grows with divers trailing 
 branches upon the ground, set with many 
 thick, flat, roundish, whitish green leaves, 
 pointed at the ends. The flowers stand 
 many of them together, somewhat loosely. 
 
 tained in the like great heads. The roots 
 are neither so great nor woody ; it perishes 
 every year with the hard frosts in Winter, 
 but rises generally from its own sowing. 
 
 Placed] This came from some parts of 
 Brazil, as it is thought, and is more familiar 
 
 The roots are small, and run creeping under \ in our country than any of the other sorts ; 
 ground. 
 
 PloceJ] It grows upon the stone walls 
 and mud walls, upon the tiles of houses and 
 pent-houses, and amongst rubbish, and in 
 other gravelly places. 
 
 TimeJ] It flowers in June and July, and 
 the leaves are green all the Winter. 
 
 Jearly giving ripe seed, which the others sel- 
 dom do. 
 
 Time.] It flowers from June, sometimes 
 to the end of August, or later, and the seed 
 ripens in the mean lime. 
 
 Government and virtues."] It is a martial 
 piant. It is round by good experience to 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under the { be available to expectorate tough phlegm 
 dominion of the Moon, cold in quality, | from the stomach, chest, and lungs. The 
 and something binding, and therefore very {juice thereof made into a syrup, or the iiis- 
 good to stay defluctions, especially such as $ tilled water of the herb drank with some 
 
 fall upon the eyes. It stops bleeding, both 
 inward and outward, helps cankers, and all 
 
 i' . . i * 
 
 sugar, or without, if you will, or the smoak 
 taken by a pipe, as is usual, but fainting. 
 
 (retting sores and ulcers ; it abates the heat helps to expel worms in tne stomach and 
 
178 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 belly, and to ease the pains in the head, orjor June, and the seed is ripe and blown 
 
 away in the beginning of September. 
 
 Government and virtues.] A gallant Sa- 
 turnine herb it is. The root, leaves, young 
 branches,or bark boiled in wine, and drank, 
 
 megrim, and the griping pains in the bowels. 
 It is profitable for those that are troubled 
 with the stone in the kidneys, both to ease 
 the pains by provoking urine, and also to 
 
 expel gravel and the stone engendered | stays the bleeding of the haemorrhodical 
 therein, and hath been found very effectual! veins, the spitting of blood, the too abound- 
 to expel windiness, and other humours, | ing of women's courses, the jaundice, the 
 which cause the strangling of the mother. j cholic, and the biting of all venomous ser- 
 The seed hereof is very effectual to expel j pents, except the asp ; and outwardly ap- 
 the tooth ache, and the ashes of the burnt) plied, is very powerful against the hardness 
 herb to cleanse the gums, and make the | of the spleen, and the tooth-ache, pains in 
 teeth white. The herb bruised and ap- ! the ears, red and watering eyes. The de- 
 plied to the place grieved with the king's jcoction, with some honey put thereto, is 
 evil, helps it in nine or ten days effectually, j good to stay gangrenes and fretting ulcers, 
 Monardus saith, it is a counter poison > and to wash those that are subject to nits 
 against the biting of any venomous crea--and lice. Alpinus and Veslingius affirm, 
 ture, the herb also being outwardly applied; That the Egyptians do with good success 
 to the hurt place. The distilled water is j use the wood of it to cure the French dis- 
 often given with some sugar before the fit; ease, as others do with lignum vitae or. 
 of an ague, to lessen it, and take it away in jguiacum ; and give it also to those who 
 three or four times using. If the distilled j have the leprosy, scabs, ulcers, or the like, 
 faeces of the herb, having been bruised be- 1 Its ashes doth quickly heal blisters raised 
 fore the distillation, and not distilled dry, j by burnings or scaldings. It helps the 
 be set in warm dung for fourteen days, and j dropsy, arising from the hardness of the 
 afterwards be hung in a bag in a wine; spleen, and therefore to drink out of cups 
 cellar, the liquor that distills therefrom is j made of the wood is good for splenetic 
 singularly good to use in cramps, aches, > persons. It is also helpful for melancholy, 
 the gout and sciatica, and to heal itches, land the black jaundice that arise thereof, 
 scabs, and running ulcers, cankers, and all | 
 
 foul sores whatsoever. The juice is also! GARDEN TANSY. 
 
 good for all the said griefs, and likewise to? 
 
 kill lice in children's heads. The green j GARDEN Tansy is so well known, that 
 herb bruised and applied to any green lit needs no description, 
 wounds, cures any fresh wound or cut! Time.'] It liowers in June and July, 
 whatsoever: and the juice put into old; Government and virtues.] Dame Venus was 
 sores, both cleanses and heals them. There | minded to pleasure women with child by this 
 is also made hereof a singularly good salve herb,fortheregrowsnotanherb,fitterfortheir 
 to help imposthumes, hard tumours, and i use than this is ; it is just as though it were 
 other swellings by blows and falls. j out out for the purpose. This herb bruised 
 
 I and applied to the naval, stays miscarriages ; 
 
 THE TAMARISK TREE. j I know no herb like it for that use : Boiled 
 
 Jin ordinary beer, and the decoction drank, 
 
 It Is so well known in the place where it i cloth the like ; and if her womb be not as 
 grows, that it needs no description. ! she would have it, this decoction will make 
 
 Time.] It flowers about the end of May, jit so. Let those women that desire chil- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 179 
 
 dren love this herb, it is their best com- i and it is true enough, that it will stop the 
 panion, their husbands excepted. Also it: terms, if worn so, and the whites too, for 
 consumes the phlegmatic humours, the cold | ought I know. It stays also spitting or 
 and moist constitution of Winter most; vomiting of blood. The powder of the 
 usually affects the body of man with, and he r b taken in some of the distilled water, 
 that was the first reason of eating tansies in | helps the whites in women, but more es- 
 the Spring. The decoction of the common : pecially if a little coral and ivory in pow- 
 Tansy, or the juice drank in wine, is a sin- I der be put to it. It is also recommended 
 o-ular remedy for all the griefs that come 5 to help children that are bursten, and have 
 by stopping of the urine, helps the stran-:a rupture, being boiled in water and salt, 
 guary and those that have weak reins and f Being boiled in water and drank, it eases 
 kidneys. It is also very profitable to dis- \ the griping pains of the bowels, and is good 
 solve and expel wind in the stomach, belly, ! for the sciatica and joint-aches. The same 
 or bowels, to procure women's courses, and ; boiled in vinegar, with honey and allum, 
 expel windiness in the matrix, if it be bruis-jand gargled in the mouth, eases the pains 
 ed and often smclled unto, as also applied jof the tooth-ache, fastens loose teeth, helps 
 to the lower part of the belly. It is also the gums that are sore, and settles the 
 very profitable for such women as are given | palate of the mouth in its place, when it is 
 to miscarry. It is used also against the j fallen down. It cleanses and heals ulcers 
 stone in the reins, especially to men. The* in the mouth, or secret parts, and is very 
 herb fried with eggs (as it is the custom in > good for inward wounds, and to close the 
 the Spring-time) which is called a Tansy, ; lips of green wounds, and to heal old, moist, 
 helps to digest and carry downward those land corrupt running sores in the legs or 
 bad humours that trouble the stomach. \ elsewhere. Being bruised and applied to 
 The seed is very profitably given to chil- the soles of the feet and hand wrists, it 
 dren for the worms, and the juice in drink I wonderfully cools the hot fits of agues, be 
 is as effectual. Being boiled in oil, it is i they never so violent. The distilled water 
 good for the sinews shrunk by cramps, or ; cleanses the skin of all discolourings there- 
 pained with colds, if thereto applied. : in, as morphew, sun-burnings, &c. as also 
 
 I pimples, freckles, and the like ; and 
 
 WILD TANSY, OR SILVER WEED. j . , , ,, 
 
 | dropped into the eyes, or cloths wet therein 
 
 THIS is also so well known, that it needs land applied, takes away the heat and in- 
 no description. | flammations in them. 
 
 PlaceJ] It grows in every place. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers in June and July 
 
 Government and miiuesJ] Now Dame: OF these are many kinds growing herein 
 Venus hath fitted women with two herbs of | England which are so well known, that 
 one name, the one to help conception, and \ they need no description : Their difference 
 the other to maintain beauty, and what} is easily known on the places where they 
 more can be expected of her? What now i grow, viz. 
 
 ; cmains for you, but to love your husbands, j Place."] Some grow in fields, some in 
 and not to be wanting to your poor neigh- \ meadows, and some among the corn ; others 
 hours ? Wild Tansy stays the lask, and all j on heaths, greens, and waste grounds in 
 the fluxes of blood in men and women,; many places. 
 
 which some say it will do, if the green herb* Time.'] They flower in June and August 
 be worn in the shoes, so it be next the skin ; * and their seed is ripe quickly after. 
 
 3 A 
 
180 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Surely Mars i being drank, expels superfluous melancholy 
 rules it, it is such a prickly business. All \ out of the body, and makes a man as merry 
 these thistles are good to provoke urine, i as a cricket : superfluous melancholy cause* 
 md to mend the stinking smell thereof; as i care, fear, sadness, despair, envy, and many 
 also the rank smell of the arm-pits, or the! evils more besides ; but religion teaches to 
 whole body ; being boiled in wine and \ wait upon God's providence, and cast our 
 Irank, and are said to help a stinking! care upon him who cares for us. What a 
 breath, and to strengthen the stomach. ; fine thing were it if- men and women coula 
 Piiny saith, That the juice bathed on the j live so? And yet seven years' care and fear 
 place that wants hair, it being fallen off, : makes a man never the wiser, nor a farlhing 
 will cause it to grow speedily. : richer. Dioscorides saith, the root borne 
 
 THF MFTANPH r ' ' j about one doth the like, and removes all 
 
 i diseases of melancholy. Modern writers 
 
 Descript.] IT rises up with tender single ; laugh at him ; Let them laugh that Kin : my 
 hoary green stalks, bearing thereon four or opinion is, that it is the best remedy against 
 five green leaves, dented about the edges;; all melancholy diseases that grows; they 
 the points thereof are little or nothing! that please may use it. 
 prickly, and at the top usually but one head, j 
 
 yet sometimes from the bosom of the upper- j OUR LADY s THISTLE. 
 
 most leaves there shoots forth another small \ Descript] OUR Lady's Thistle hath 
 head, scaly and prickly, with many reddish j divers very large and broad leaves lying on 
 thrumbs or threads in the middle, which | the ground cut in, and as it were crumpled, 
 being gathered fresh, will keep the colour; but somewhat hairy on the edges, of a white 
 a long time, and fades not from the stalk a > green shining colour, wherein are many 
 long time, while it perfects the seed, which \ lines and streaks of a milk white colour, 
 is of a mean bigness, lying in the down, i running all over, and set with many sharp 
 The root hath many strings fastened to the | and stiff' prickles all about, among which 
 head, or upper part, which is blackish, and i rises up one or more strong, round, and 
 perishes not. j prickly stalks, set full of the like leaves up 
 
 There is another sort little differing from | to the top, whereat the end of every branch, 
 the former, but that the leaves are more ! comes forth a great prickly Thistle-like 
 green above, and more hoary underneath, j head, strongly armed with prickles, and 
 and the stalk being about two feet high, | with bright purple thumbs rising out of the 
 bears but one scaly head, with threads and j middle ; after they are past, the seed grows 
 seeds as the former. j in the said heads, lying in soft white down, 
 
 Place] They grow in many moist mea- j which is somewhat flattish in the ground, 
 dows of this land, as well in the southern, as j and many strin'gs and fibres fastened there- 
 in the northern parts. \ unto. All the whole plant is bitter in taste. 
 
 Time] They flower about July or : Place] It is frequent on the banks of 
 August, and their seed ripens quickly after. j almost every ditch. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under i Time.] It flowers and seeds in June, 
 Capricorn, and therefore under both Saturn | July, and August. 
 
 and Mars, one rids melancholy by sympa- j Government and virtues.] Our Lad/ 
 thy, the other by antipathy. Their virtues'; Thistle is under Jupiter, and thought to be 
 are but few, but those not to be despised ; i as effectual as Carduus Benedictus for 
 for the decoction of the thistle in wine {agues, and to prevent and cure the infection 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 181 
 
 of the plague : as also to open the obstruc- 1 persons that have their bodies drawn togo- 
 tions of the liver and spleen, and thereby is i ther by some spasm or convulsion, or other 
 good against the jaundice. It provokes j infirmities ; as the rickets (or as the college 
 urine, breaks and expels the stone, and is j of physicians would have it, Rachites, about 
 good for the dropsy. Il is effectual also for j which name they have quarrelled sufficiently) 
 the pains in the sides, and many other in-} in children, being a disease that hinders 
 ward pains and gripings. The seed and; their growth, by binding their nerves, 
 distilled water is held powerful to all the 5 ligaments, and whole structure of their 
 purposes aforesaid, and besides, it is often \ body, 
 applied both outwardly with cloths ori , 
 
 /., .. ,1 THE FULLERS THISTLE, OR TEASLE. 
 
 spunges to the region or the liver, to cool;: 
 
 the distemper thereof, and to the region oft IT is so well known, that it needs no 
 the heart, against swoonings and the pas- 1 description, being used with the cloth- 
 sions of it. It cleanses the blood exceed- j workers. 
 
 ingly : and in Spring, if you please to boil j The wild Teasle is in all things like the 
 the tender plant (but cut off the prickles, ! former, but that the prickles are small, soft, 
 unless you have a mind to choak yourself) { and upright, not hooked or stiff, and the 
 it will change your blood as the season I flowers of this are of a fine blueish, or pale 
 changes, and that is the way to be safe, j carnation colour, but of the manured kind, 
 
 > whitish. 
 
 THE WOOLLEN, OK, COTTON THISTLE. T>; T T<U fi U 
 
 Place.] 1 he first grows, being sown JH 
 
 Descript.] THIS has many large leaves ? gardens or fields for the use of clothworkers: 
 lying upon the ground, somewhat cut in, |The other near ditches and rills of water in 
 and as >t were crumpled on the edges, of a; many places of this land, 
 green < olour on the upper side, but covered ; TimeJ] They flower in July, and are ripe 
 over with a long hairy wool or cotton down, in the end of August. 
 
 set with most sharp and cruel. pricks ; from j Government and virtues. ~] It is an herb of 
 the middle of whose heads of flowers come I Venus. Dioscorides saith, That the root 
 forth many purplish crimson threads, and \ bruised and boiled in wine, till it be thick, 
 sometimes white, although but seldom. \ and kept in a brazen vessel, and after spread 
 The seed that follow in those white downy; as a salve, and applied to the fundament, 
 heads, is somewhat large and round, re- 'doth heal the cleft thereof, cankers and 
 sembling the seed of Lady's Thistle, but; fistulas therein, also takes away warts and 
 paler. The root is great and thick, spread- 1 wens. The juice of the leaves dropped into 
 ing much, yet usually dies after seed time, j the ears, kills worms in them. The dis- 
 Place.~] It grows on divers ditch-banks, j tilled water of the leaves dropped into the 
 and in the corn-fields, and highways, gene- i eyes, takes away redness and mists in them 
 rally throughout the land, and is often j that hinder the sight, and is often used by 
 growing in gardens. j women to preserve their beauty, and to take 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is a plant of: away redness and inflammations, and all 
 Mars. Dioscorides and Pliny write, That \ other heat or discolourings. 
 the leaves and roots hereof taken in drink, i 
 
 help those that have a crick in their neck! j TREACLE MUSTARD. 
 
 that they cannot, turn it, unless they turn j DescriptJ] IT rises up with a hard round 
 their whole body. Galen saith, That the \ stalk, about a foot high, parted into some 
 roots and leaves hereof are good for such ; branches, having divers soft green leave:- 
 
182 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 long and narrow, set thereon, waved, but j resisting poison, venom and putrefaction, 
 not cut into the edges, broadest towards the $ It is also available in many cases for which 
 ends, somewhat round pointed ; the flowers I the common Mustard is used, but somewhat 
 are white that grow at the tops of the \ weaker. 
 
 branches, spike-fashion one above another; | TH BLACR THQ QR SLOE . BUSH> 
 after which come round pouches, parted in | 
 
 the middle with a furrow, having one black- i IT is so well known, that it needs no 
 ish brown seed on either side, somewhat ! description. 
 
 sharp in taste, and smelling of garlick, j Place.'] It grows in every county in the 
 especially in the fields where it is natural, | hedges and borders of fields. 
 but not so much in gardens: The roots \ Time.'] It flowers in April, and some- 
 are small and thready, perishing every year. I times in March, but the fruit ripens after all 
 Give me leave here to add Mi thridate \ other plums whatsoever, and is not fit to 
 Mustard, although it may seem more pro- 1 be eaten until the Autumn frost mellow 
 perly by the name to belong to M, in the j them. 
 
 alphabet. Government and virtues.] All the parts of 
 
 i the Sloe-Bush are binding, cooling, and 
 
 MITHRIDATE MUSTAED. K ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ b!m , in | at ^ 
 
 rescript.] THIS grows higher than the \ nose and mouth, or any other place; the 
 former, spreading moreand higher branches, ilask of the belly or stomach, or the bloody 
 whose leaves are smaller and narrower, j flux, the too much abounding of women's 
 sometimes unevenly dented about the edges. > courses, and helps to ease the pains of the 
 The flowers are small and white, growing i sides, and bowels, that come by overmuch 
 on long branches, with much smaller and : scouring, to drink the decoction of the bark 
 rounder vessels after them, and parted in ; of the roots, or more usually the decoction 
 the same manner, having smaller brown 5 of the berries, either fresh or dried. The 
 seeds than the former, and much sharper in j conserve also is of very much use, and more 
 taste. The root perishes after seed time, j familiarly taken for the purposes aforesaid, 
 but abides the first Winter after springing. 5 But the distilled water of the flower first 
 
 Place.] They grow in sundry places in * steeped in sack for a night, and drawn 
 this land, as half a mile from Hatfield, by | therefrom by the heat of Balneum and 
 the river side, under a hedge as you go tojAnglico, a bath, is a most certain remedy, 
 Hatfield, and in the street of Peckham on j tried and approved, to ease all manner of 
 Surrey side. j gnawings in the stomach, the sides and 
 
 Time.'] They flower and seed from May | bowels, or any griping pains in any of them, 
 to August. J to drink a small quantity Avhen the extre- 
 
 Government and virtues.'] Both of them \ mity of pain is upon them. The leaves 
 are herbs of Mars. The Mustards are said j also are good to make lotions to gargle and 
 to purge the body both upwards and down- 1 wash the mouth and throat, wherein arc 
 wards, and procure women's courses so ; swellings, sores, or kernels ; and to stay the 
 abundantly, that it suffocates the birth. ! deductions of rheum to the eyes, or other 
 It breaks inward imposthumes, being taken parts ; as also to cool the heat and inflam- 
 
 inwardly ; and used in clysters, helps the' 
 sciatica. The seed applied, doth the same. 
 
 mations of them, and ease hot pains of the 
 head, to bathe the forehead and temples 
 
 It is an especial ingredient in mithridate; therewith. The simple distilled water of 
 and treacle, being of itself an antidote j the flowers is very effectual for the said 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 13 
 
 purposes, and the condensate juice of the; applied with a little flour and wax to elvil- 
 Sloes. The distilled water or the green \ dren's navels that stick forth, it helps them, 
 berries is used also for the said effects. 
 
 THYME. 
 
 THOROUGH WAX, OR THOROUGH LEAF. : It is in vain to describe an herb so com- 
 
 monly known. 
 
 Descript.'] COMMON Thorough - Wax \ Government and virtues.'] It is a noble 
 sends forth a strait round stalk, two feet > strengthener of the lungs, as notable a one 
 high, or better, whose lower leaves being j as grows ; neither is there scarce a better 
 of a bluish colour, are smaller and narrower $ remedy growing for that disease in children 
 than those up higher, and stand close there- j which they commonly call the Chin-cough, 
 to, not compassing it; but as they grow j than it is. It purges the body of phlegm, 
 higher, they do not encompass the stalks, land is an excellent remedy for shortness of 
 until it wholly pass through them, branch- \ breath. It kills worms in the belly, and 
 ing toward the top into many parts, where? being a notable herb of Venus, provokes 
 the leaves grow smaller again, every one! the terms, gives safe and speedy delivery 
 standing singly, and never two at a joint, j to women in travail, and brings away the 
 The flowers are small and yellow, standing! after birth. It is so harmless you need not 
 in tufts at the heads of the branches, where : fear the use of it. An ointment made of it 
 afterwards grow the seed, being blackish, ; takes away hot swellings and warts, helps 
 many thick thrust together. The root is | the sciatica and dullness of sight, and takes 
 small, long and woody, perishing every! away pains and hardness of the spleen, 
 year, after seed-time, and rising again plen-;Tis excellent for those that are troubled 
 tifully of its own sowing. 'with the gout. It eases pains in the loins 
 
 Place."] It is found growing in many land hips. The herb taken any way in- 
 corn-fields and pasture grounds in this \ wardly, comforts the stomach much, and 
 land. j expels wind. 
 
 f fime.~\ It flowers in July, and the seed j 
 is ripe in August. j WILD THYME > OR MOTHER Of THYME - 
 
 Government and virtues!] Both this and J WILI> Thyme also is so well known, that 
 the former are under the influence of iit needs no description. 
 Saturn. Thorough- Wax is of singular good 5 Place.~\ It may be found commonly in 
 use for all sorts of bruises and wounds either | commons, and other barren places through- 
 inward or outward ; and old ulcers and 1 out the nation. 
 
 sores likewise, if the decoction of the herb. Government and virtue$.~\ It is under the 
 with water and wine be drank, and the j dominion of Venus, and under the sign 
 place washed therewith, or the juice of the} Aries, and therefore chiefly appropriated 
 green herb bruised, or boiled, .either by j to the head. It provokes urine and the 
 itself, or with other herbs, in oil or hog's I terms, and eases the griping pain of the 
 grease, to be made into an ointment to serve j belly, cramps, ruptures, and inflamation 
 all the year. The decoction of the herb, \ of the liver. If you make a vinegar of the 
 or powder of the dried herb, taken inwardly, 1 herb, as vinegar of roses is made (you may 
 and the same, or the leaves bruised, and i find out the way in my translation of the 
 applied outwardly, is singularly good for! London Dispensatory) and anoint the head 
 all ruptures and burstings, especially in with it, it presently stops the pains thereof 
 children before they be too old. Being lit is excellently good to be given either in 
 
 1 3 B 
 
184 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 phrenzy or lethargy, although they are two j is an ingredient in all antidotes or counter 
 contrary diseases : It helps spitting and ? poisons. Andreas Urlesius is of opinion 
 voiding of blood, coughing, and vomiting ; ; that the decoction of this root is no less 
 it comforts and strengthens the head, j effectual to cure the French pox than Gui- 
 stomach, reins, and womb, expels trtftd, tacum or China; and it is not unlikely, 
 and breaks the stone. 'because it so mightily resists putrefaction. 
 
 ^The root taken inwardly is most effectual 
 
 TORMENTIL, Oft SEPTFOIL. , i , . i i, 
 
 {to help any tiux or the belly, stomach, 
 
 DescripiJ] THIS hath reddish, slender, * spleen, or blood; and the juice wonder- 
 weak branches rising from the root, lying J fully opens obstructions of the liver and 
 on the ground, rather leaning than standing* lungs, and thereby helps the yellow jaun- 
 upright, with many short leaves that stand *dice. The powder or decoction drank, or 
 closer to the stalk than cinquefoil (to which : to sit thereon as a bath, is an assured remedy 
 this is very like) with the root-stalk com-* against abortion, if it proceed from the 
 passing the branches in several places ; but j over flexibility or weakness of the inward 
 those that grow to the ground are set upon ? retentive faculty ; as also a plaster made 
 long foot stalks, each whereof are like the j therewith, and vinegar applied to the reins 
 leaves of cinquefoil, but somewhat long and \ of the back, doth much help not only this, 
 lesser dented about the edges, many of j but also those that cannot hold their water, 
 them divided into five leaves, but most the powder being taken in the juice of 
 of them into seven, whence it is also called j plaintain, and is also commended against 
 Septfoil ; yet some may have six, and some j the worms in children. It is very powerful 
 eight, according to the fertility of the soil, -in ruptures and burstings, as also for bruises 
 At the tops of the branches stand divers * and falls, to be used as well outwardly as 
 small yellow flowers, consisting of five j inwardly. The root hereof made up with 
 leaves, like those of cinquefoil, but smaller.; pellitory of Spain and allum, and put into 
 The root is smaller than bistort, somewhat j a hollow tooth, not only assuages the pain, 
 thick, but blacker without, and not so red j but stays the flux of humours which causes 
 within, yet sometimes a little crooked, $ it. Tormentil is no less effectual and 
 having blackish fibres thereat. i powerful a remedy against outward wounds, 
 
 Placed] It grows as well in woods and j sores and hurts, than for inward, and is 
 shadowy places, as in the open champain* therefore a special ingredient to be used in 
 country, about the borders of fields in many | wound drinks, lotions and injections, lor 
 places of this land, and almost in every j foul corrupt rotten sores and ulcers of tho 
 broom field in Essex. j mouth, secrets, or other parts of the body. 
 
 Time.'] It flowers all the Summer long. I The juice or powder of the root put in 
 Government and virtues.] This is a gallant ! ointments, plaisters, and such things that 
 herb of the Sun. Tormentil is most ex- \ are to be applied to wounds or sores, is very 
 cellent to stay all kind effluxes of blood or j effectual, as the juice of the leaves and the 
 humours in man or woman, whether at j root bruised and applied to the throat or 
 nose, mouth, or belly. The juice of the haws, heals the king's evil, and eases the 
 herb of the root, or the decoction thereof, \ pain of the sciatica; the same used with a 
 taken with some Venice treacle, and the \ little vinegar, is a special remedy against 
 person laid to sweat, expels any venom or 5 the running sores of the head or other 
 poison, or the plague, fever, or other con-! parts ; scabs also, and the itch or any such 
 tagious diseases, as pox, measles, &c. for it I eruptions in the skin, proceeding of salt and 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 185 
 
 sharp humours. The same is also effectual i of joint and newly set, and full of pain, do 
 for the piles or haemorrhoids, if they be! give much case; the seed and juice of the 
 washed or bathed therewith, or with the! leaves also being rubbed with a little salt 
 distilled water of the herb and roots. It is j upon warts and wens, and other kernels in 
 found also helpful to dry up any sharp | the face, eye-lids, or any other part of the 
 rheum that distills from the head into thef body, will, by often using, take them away, 
 eyes, causing redness, pain, waterings, itch- j 
 
 ing, or the like, if a little prepared tutia, or j MEADOW TREFOIL, OR HONEYSUCKLES. 
 white amber, be used with the distilled j 
 
 water thereof. And here is enough, only j It is so well known, especially by the 
 remember the Sun challengeth this herb. 5 name of Honeysuckles, white and red, that 
 
 i I need not describe them. 
 
 Place.-] They grow almost every where 
 
 Descript.'] THE greater Turnsole rises 
 with one upright stalk, about a foot high, or 
 more, dividing itself almost from the bottom, 
 into divers small branches, of a hoary colour; 
 
 in this land. 
 
 Government and virtues.] Mercury hath 
 dominion over the common sort. Docio- 
 neus saith, The leaves and flowers are good 
 
 at each joint of the stalk and branches grow j to ease the griping pains of the gout, the 
 small broad leaves, somewhat white and \ herb being boiled and used in a clyster, 
 hairy. At the tops of the stalks and branches ! If the herb be made into a poultice, and 
 stand small white flowers, consist/rig of four, i applied to inflammations, it will ease them, 
 and sometimes five small leaves, set in; The juice dropped in the eyes, is a familiar 
 order one above another, up< n a small ; medicine, with many country people, to 
 crooked spike, which turns inw n's like a j take away the pin and web (as they call it) 
 bowed finger, opening by degrees as the; in the eyes; it also allays the heat and 
 flowers blow open; after which in their; blood shooting of them. Country people 
 place come forth cornered seed, four for the j do also in many places drink the juice 
 most part standing together; the root is j thereof against the biting of an adder ; and 
 small and thready, perishing every year, 1 having boiled the berb in water, they first 
 and the seed shedding every year, raises it > wash the place with the decoction, and then 
 again the next spring. j lay some of the herb also to the hurt place. 
 
 Place.'] It grows in gardens, and flowers j The herb also boiled in swine's grease, and 
 and seeds with us, notwithstanding it is not ; so made into an ointment, is good to apply 
 natural to this land, but to Ital y, Spain, and ; to the biting of any venomous creature. 
 France, where it grows plentifully. \ The herb also bruised and heated between 
 
 Government and virtues] It is an herb of \ tiles, and applied hot to the share, causes 
 the Sun, and good one too. Dios-coridcs; them to make water who had it stopt be- 
 saith, That a good handful of this, which is ; fore. It is held likewise to be good for 
 called the Great Turnsole, boiled in water, I wounds, and to take away seed. The de- 
 aiul drank, purges both choler and phlegm ; i coction of the herb and flowers, with th 
 and boiled with cummin, helps the stone in j seed and root, taken for sometime, helps 
 the reins, kidneys, or bladder, provokes \ women that are troubled with the whites 
 urine and women's courses, and causes an \ The seed and flowers boiled in water, and 
 easy and speedy delivery in child-birth. \ afterwards made into a poultice with some 
 The leaves bruised and applied to places foil, and applied, helps hard swellings and 
 pained with the gout, or that have been out limposthumes. 
 
186 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 HEART TREFOIL. 
 
 they yield a reddish juice or liquor, some- 
 what resinous, and of a harsh and stypick 
 BESIDES the ordinary sort of Trefoil, taste, as the leaves also and the flowers be, 
 
 here are two more remarkable, and one of 
 which may be properly called Heart Tre- 
 foil, not only because the leaf is triangular, 
 like the heart of a man, but also because 
 each leaf contains the perfection of a heart, 
 
 although much less, but do not yield such 
 a clear claret wine colour, as some say it 
 doth, the root is brownish, somewhat great, 
 hard and woody, spreading well in the 
 ground. 
 
 and that in its proper colour, viz. a flesh * Place.] It grows in many woods, groves, 
 colour. |and woody grounds, as parks and forests, 
 
 Place.] It grows between Longford and j and by hedge-sides in many places in this 
 Bow, and beyond Southwark, by the high- j land, as in Hampstead wood, by Ratley in 
 way and parts adjacent. { Essex, in the wilds of Kent, and in many 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under the \ other places needless to recite, 
 dominion of the Sun, and if it were used, itj Time.] It flowers later than St.' John's 
 would be found as great a strengthener of j or St. Peter's-wort. 
 
 the heart, and cherisher of the vital spirits j Government and virtues.] It is an herb of 
 as grows, relieving the body against faint- 1 Saturn, and a most noble anti-venerean. 
 ing and swoonings, fortifying it against JTustan purges choleric humours, as St. 
 poison and pestilence, defending the heart > Peter's-wort, is said to do, for therein it 
 against the noisome vapours of the spleen, j works the same effects, both to help the 
 RT TRFFOTT sciatica and gout, and to heal burning by 
 
 Jri-AIili IKtiXULL,. J /. . 11 4.1 t i ! i- I 
 
 jrire; it stays all the bleedings of wounds, 
 
 IT differs not from the common sort, | if either the green herb be bruised, or the 
 save only in this particular, it hath a white j powder of the dry be applied thereto. It 
 spot in the leaf like a pearl. It is particu- j hath been accounted, and certainly it is, 
 larly under the dominion of the Moon, and} a sovereign herb to heal either wound or 
 its icon shews that it is of a singular virtue j sore, either outwardly or inwardly, and 
 against the pearl, or pin and web in the j therefore always used in drinks, lotions, 
 eyes. green wounds, ulcers, or old sores, in all 
 
 TUSTAN, OR PARK LEAVES. **** f 8 ' ^ m ^ 3 "J Other sorts of 
 
 which the continual experience or former 
 
 Descript] IT ' hath brownish shining 
 
 ages hath confirmed the use thereof to be 
 
 round stalks, crested the length thereof, \ admirably good, though it be not so much 
 rising two by two, and sometimes three feet j in use now, as when physicians and sur- 
 high, branching forth even from the bottom, j geons were so Avise as to use herbs more 
 having divers joints, and at each of them j than now they do. 
 two fair large leaves standing, of a dark j 
 blueish green colour on the upper side, and j 
 
 of a yellowish green underneath, turning \ Descript.] THIS hath a thick short 
 reddish toward Autumn. At the top of the \ greyish root, lying for the most part above 
 stalks stand large yellow flowers, and heads I ground, shooting forth on all other sides 
 with seed, which being greenish at the first: such like small pieces of roots, which have 
 and afterwards reddish, turn to be of a > all of them many long green strings and 
 blackish purple colour when they are ripe, | fibres under them in the ground, whereby 
 with small brownish seed within them, and j it draws nourishment. From the head of 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. JB7 
 
 these roots spring up many green leaves, j virtue against the plague, the decoction 
 which at first are somewhat broad and long, \ thereof being drank, and the root being 
 without any divisions at all in them, or dent- j u*ed to smell to. It helps to expel the 
 ing on the edges ; but those that rise up | wind in the belly. The green herb with 
 after are more and more divided on each \ the root taken fresh, being bruised and ap- 
 side, some to the middle rib, being winged, \ plied to the head, takes away the pains and 
 as made of many leaves together on a stalk, | prickings there, slays rheum and thin dis- 
 and those upon a stalk, in like manner more! tillation, and being boiled in white wine, 
 divided, but smaller towards the top than j and a drop thereof put into the eyes, takes 
 below ; the stalk rises to be a yard high or! away the dimness of the sight, or any pin 
 more, sometimes branched at the top, with -or web therein. It is of excellent property 
 many small whitish flowers, sometimes j to heal any inward sores or wounds, and 
 dashed over at the edges with a pale pur- { also for outward hurts or wounds, and 
 plish colour, of a little scent, which passing ' drawing away splinters or thorns out of the 
 away, there follows small browinsh white \ flesh, 
 seed, that is easily carried away with thc| 
 
 rr\t . " 11 .1 VE It VAIN. 
 
 wind. The root smells more strong than! 
 either leaf or flower, and is of more use in 
 
 Descript.] THE common Vervain hath 
 
 medicines. i somewhat long broad leaves nextthe ground 
 
 Place.] It is generally kept with us in | deeply gashed about the edges, and some, 
 gardens. 5 only deeply dented, or cut all alike, of a 
 
 Time.] It flowers in June and July, and j blackish green colour on the upper side, 
 continues flowering until the frost pull it \ somewhat grey underneath. The stalk is 
 down. {square, branched into several parts, rising 
 
 Government and virtues.] This is under I about two feet high, especially if you 
 the influence of Mercury. Dioscorides reckon the long spike of flowers at the tops 
 saith, That the Garden Valerian hath a|of them, which are set on all sides one above 
 warming faculty, and that being dried and ! another, and sometimes two or three toge- 
 given to drink it provokes urine, and helps : ther, being small and gaping, of a blue 
 the stranguary. The decoction thereof \ colour and white intermixed, after which 
 taken, doth the like also, and takes away 1 come small round seed, in small and some- 
 pains of the sides, provokes women's courses, j what long heads. The root is small and 
 and is used in antidotes. Pliny saith, That {long. 
 
 the powder of the root given in drink, or ! Place.] It grows generally throughout 
 the decoction thereof taken, helps all stopp- j this land in divers places of the hedges and 
 ings and stranglings in any part of the J way-sides, and other waste grounds, 
 body, whether they proceed of pains in the \ Time.] It flowers in July, and the seed 
 chest or sides, and lakes them away. The < is ripe soon after. 
 
 root of Valerian boiled with liquorice, rai- j Government and mrtues.~\ This is an herb 
 sins, and anniseed, is singularly good fort of Venus, and excellent for the womb to 
 those that are short-winded, and for those ; strengthen and remedy all the cold griefs of 
 that are troubled with the cough, and helps jit, as Plantain doth the hot. Vervain is 
 to open the passages, and to expectorate j hot and dry, opening obstructions, cleans- 
 phlegm easily. It is given to those that arc | ing and healing. It helps the yellow jaun- 
 bitteu or stung by any venomous creature, j dice, the dropsy and the gout; it kills and 
 being boiled in wine. It is of a special i ex pels worms in the belly, and causes a 
 
 3 c 
 
188 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 % 
 
 good colour in the face and body, strengthens; meal into a poultice, it cools kflammations 
 as well as corrects the diseases of the stomach, j of wounds; the dropping of the vine, when 
 liver, diid spleen ; helps the cough, wheez-jit is cut in the Spring, which country people 
 ings, and shortness of breath, and all the: call Tears, being boiled in a syrup, with 
 defects of the reins and bladder, expelling: sugar, and taken inwardly, is excellent tr> 
 the gravel and stone. It is held to be good : stay women's longings after every thing 
 against the biting .of sepents, and other] they see, which is a disease many women 
 venomous beasts, against the plague, and j with child are subject to. The decoction of 
 both tertian and quartan agues. It con- Vine leaves in while wine doth the like. 
 solidates and heals also all wounds, both \ Also the tears of the Vine, drank two or 
 inward and outward, stays bleedings, and | three spoonfuls at a time, breaks the stone 
 used with some honey, heals all old ulcers i in the bladder. This is a very good remedy, 
 and fistulas in the legs or other parts of the * and it is discreetly done, to kill a Vine to 
 body ; as also those ulcers that happen in \ cure a man, but the salt of the leaves are 
 the mouth; or use~. with hog's grease, it I held tube better. The ashes of the burnt 
 helps the swellings and pains of the secret { branches will make teeth that are as black 
 parts in man or woman, also for the piles; as a coal, to be as white as snow, if you but 
 or haemorrhoids ; applied with some oil of | every morning rub them with it. It is a 
 roses and vinegar unto the forehead and most gallant Tree of the Sun, very sympa- 
 temples, it eases the inveterate pains and'thetical with the body of men, *and that is 
 ache of the head, and is good for those that | the reason spirit of wine is the greatest cor- 
 are frantic. The leaves bruised, or the i dial among all vegetables, 
 juice of them mixed with some vinegar,; 
 "doth wonderfully cleanse the skin, andj 
 
 lakes away morphew, freckles, fistulas, and j BOTH the tame and the wild are so well 
 other such like inflamations and defor-: known, that they need no description, 
 mities of the skin in any parts of the body. { Time.'] They flower until the end of 
 The distilled water of the herb when it is in i July, but are best in March, and the begin- 
 full strength, dropped into the eyes, cleanses ] ning of April. 
 
 them from films, clouds, or mists, that \ Government and virtues.'] They are a fine 
 darken the sight, and wonderfully strengthens \ pleasing plant of Venus, of a mild nature, 
 the optic nerves. The said water is very 1 no way harmful. All the Violets are cold 
 powerful in all the diseases aforesaid, either I and moist while they are fresh and green, 
 inward or outward, whether they be old I and are used to cool any heat, or distem- 
 eorroding sores, or green wounds. Thelperature of the body, either inwardly or 
 dried root, and peeled, is known to be ex-! outwardly, as inflammations in the eyes, in 
 cellently good against all scrophulous and i the matrix or fundament, in imposthunus 
 scorbutic habits of body, by being tied toj.also, and hot swellings, to drink the decoc- 
 the pit of the stomach, by a piece of white; tionof theleavesand flowers made with water 
 ribband round the neck. |in wine, or to apply them poultice-wise 
 
 \ to the grieved places : it likewise eases pains 
 | in the head, caused through want of sleep; 
 
 THE leaves of the English vine (I do not! or any other pains arising of heat, being 
 mean to send you to the Canaries for a 'applied in the same manner, or with oil of 
 medicine (being boiled, makes a good lotion j roses. A dram weight of the dried 'eav<^ 
 for sore mouths; being boiled wilh barley i or flower of Violets, but the leaves more 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 189 
 
 strongly, doth purge the body of choleric { rough, hairy, or prickly sad green leaves* 
 numours, and assuages the heat, being \ somewhat narrow; the middle rib for the 
 taken in a draught of wine, or any other \ most part being white. The flowers stand 
 drink; the powder of the purple leaves of|at the top of the stalk, branched forth in 
 he flowers, only picked and dried and I many long spiked leaves of flowers bowing 
 drank in water, is said to help the quinsy, \ or turning like the turnsole, all opening for 
 
 and the falling-sickness in children, espe- : 
 
 the most part on the one side, which are 
 
 daily in the beginning of the disease. The: long and hollow, turning up the brims a 
 flowers of the white Violets ripen and clis-i little, of a purplish violet colour in them 
 solve swellings. The herb or flowers, while \ that are fully blown, but more reddish while 
 they are fresh, or the flowers when they are! they are in the bud, as also upon their de- 
 dry, are effectual in the pleurisy, and all ; cay and withering; but in some places of 
 diseases of the lungs, to lenify the sharp- j a paler purplish colour, with a long poinltl 
 ness in hot rheums, and the hoarseness of j in the middle, feathered or parted at the 
 the throat, the heat also and sharpness of; top. After the flowers are fallen, the seeds 
 
 urine, and all the pains of the back or reins, 
 and bladder. It is good also for the liver 
 
 growing to be ripe, are blackish, cornered 
 and pointed somewhat like the head of a 
 
 and the jaundice, and all hot agues, to cool \ viper. The root is somewhat great and 
 the heat, and quench the thirst; but the j blackish, and woolly, when it grows toward 
 syrup of Violets is of most use, and of better 5 seed-time, and perishes in the Winter, 
 effect, being taken in some convenient? There is another sort, little differing from 
 liquor : and if a little of the juice or syrupy the former, only in this, that it bears white J 
 of lemons be put to it, or a few drops of the j flowers. 
 
 oil of vitriol, it is made thereby the more t Place.'] The first grows wild almost 
 powerful to cool the heat, and quench the I every where. That with white flowers 
 thirst, and gives to the drink a claret wine! about the castle-walls at Lewis in Sussex, 
 colour, and a fine tart relish, pleasing to the \ Time.~\ They flower in Summer, and 
 taste. Violets taken, or made up with j their seed is ripe quickly after, 
 honey, do more cleanse and cool, and with ; Government and virtues^] It is a most 
 sugar contrary-wise. The dried flower of! gallant herb of the Sun ; it is a pity it is no 
 Violets are accounted amongst the cordial | more in use than it is. It is an especial 
 drinks, powders, and other medicines, es-j remedy against the biting of the Viper, and 
 pecially where cooling cordials are neces-|all other venomous beasts, or serpents; as 
 sary. The green leaves are used with other? also against poison, or poisonous herbs, 
 herbs to make plaisters and poultices to j Dioscorides and others say, That whosoever 
 inflammations and swellings, and to ease all j shall take of the herb or root before they be 
 pains whatsoever, arising of heat, and for j bitten, shall not be hurt by the poison of any 
 the piles also, being fried with yolks of eggs, ; serpent. The root or seed is thought to be 
 and applied thereto. I most effectual to comfort the heart, and 
 
 , j ex pel sadness, or causeless melancholy ; it 
 
 ! tempers the blood, and allays hot fits of 
 
 Dacripl.] THIS hath many long rough j agues. The seed drank in wine, procures 
 leaves lying on the ground, from among* abundance of milk in women's breasts, 
 which rises up divers hard round stalks, } The same also being taken, cases the pains 
 very rough, as if they were thick set with Jin the loins, back, and kidneys. The dis- 
 prickles or hairs, whereon are set such Ul.-f tilled water of the herb when it is in flower, 
 
190 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 or its chief strength, is excellent to be ap- j ings, comforts and strengthens any weak 
 plied either inwardly or outwardly, for all ? part, or out of joint; helps to cleanse the 
 the griefs aforesaid. There is a syrup made ; eyes from mistiness or films upon them, 
 
 nereof very effectual for the comforting 
 the heart, and expelling sadness and melan- 
 choly. 
 
 ' ininl'^t HTiH <tinp\vs A pnnm^rvf* msirlp rtf-trm 
 WALL FLOWERS, OR WINTER GILLI-;-], - . 
 
 I flowers, is used for a remedy both for the 
 
 and to cleanse the filthy ulcers in the mouth, 
 or any other part, and is a singular remedy 
 for the gout, and all aches and pains in the 
 
 -. * * 
 
 {apoplexy and palsy. 
 
 THE garden kind are so well known that? 
 they need no description. 
 
 Descript^] The common single Wall- IT is so well known, that it needs no des- 
 flowers, which grow wild abroad, have sun-jcription, 
 
 dry small, long, narrow, dark .green leaves, j Time.'] It blossoms early before the 
 set without order upon small round, whitish,! leaves come forth, and the fruit is ripe in 
 woody stalks, which bear at the tops divers: September. 
 
 single yellow flowers one above another, { Government and virtues.'] This is also a 
 every one bearing four leaves a-piece, and I plant of the Sun. Let the fruit of it be 
 of a very sweet scent : after which come j gathered accordingly, which you shall find 
 long pods, containing a reddish seed. The j to be of most virtues while they are green, 
 roots are white, hard and thready. j before they have shells. The bark of the 
 
 Place.'] It grows upon church walls, and j Tree doth bind and dry very much, and the 
 old Avails of many houses, and other stone Heaves are much of the same temperature: 
 walls in divers places ; The other sort in j but the leaves when they are older, are heat- 
 gardens only. ling and drying in the second degree, and 
 
 Time.] All the single kinds do flower > harder of digestion than when they are 
 many times in the end of Autumn ; and if; fresh, which, by reason of their sweetness, 
 the Winter be mild, all the Winter long, ! are more pleasing, and better digesting in 
 but especially in the months of February, j the stomach; and taken with sweet wine, 
 March, and April, and until the heat of the; they move the belly downwards, but being 
 spring do spend them. But the double! old, they grieve the stomach; and in hot 
 kinds continue not flowering in that manner' bodies cause the choler to abound and the 
 all the year long, although they flower very : hcad-ach, and are an enemy to those that 
 early sometimes, and in some places very ! have the cough ; but are less hurtful to those 
 late. 5 that have a colder stomach, and are said to 
 
 Government and virtues.] The Moon rules \ kill the broad worms in the belly or stomach, 
 them. Galen, in his seventh book of sim- 1 If they be taken with onions, salt, and 
 pie medicines, saith, That the yellow Wall- I honey, they help the biting of a mad dog, 
 flowers work more powerfully than any or the venom or infectious poison of any 
 of the other kinds, and are therefore of more: beast, &c. Caias Pompeius found in the 
 use in physic. It cleanses the blood, and j treasury of Mithridales, king of Pontus, 
 fretteth the liver and reins from obstruc-j when he was overthrown, a scroll of his own 
 tions, provokes women's courses, expels the; hand writing, containing a medicine against 
 secundine, and the dead child; helps the I any poison or infection; which is this; 
 hardness and pain of the mother, and of 1 Take two dry walnuts, and as many good 
 spleen also; stays inflammations and swell- j figs, and twenty leaves of rue, bruised and 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN -ENLARGED. 191 
 
 beaten together with two or three corns of j the green husks being ripe, when they are 
 salt and twenty juniper berries, which take I shelled from the nuts, and drank with a 
 every morning fasting, preserves from dan- j little vinegar, is good for the place, so as 
 ger of poison, and infection that day it is > before the taking thereof a vein be opened. 
 taken. The juice of the other green husks ! The said water is very good against the 
 boiled with honey is an excellent gargle for ! quinsy, being gargled and bathed there- 
 sore mouths, or the heat and inflammations ! with, and wonderfully helps deafness, the 
 in the throat and stomach. The kernels, j noise, and other pains in the ears. The 
 when they grow old, are more oily, and ulistilled water of the young green leaves in 
 therefore not fit to be eaten, but are then! the end of May, performs a singular cure 
 used to heal the wounds of the sinews, | on foul running ulcers and sores, to be 
 gangrenes, and carbuncles. The said ker- 1 bathed, with wet cloths or spunges applied 
 nels being burned, are very astringent, 5 to them every morning, 
 and will stay lasks and women's courses, ! , 
 
 j ., f ii 5 WOLD, WELD, OR DYEK S WEED. 
 
 being taken in red wine, and stay the fall-| 
 
 ing of the hair, and make it fair, being! THE common kind grows bushing with 
 anointed with oil and wine. The green I many leaves, long, narrow and flat upon 
 husks will do the like, being used in the | the ground ; of a dark blueish green colour, 
 same manner. The kernels beaten with | somewhat like unto Woad, but nothing so 
 rue and wine, being applied, help the I Inrge, a little crumpled, and as it were 
 quinsy; and bruised with some honey, and ; round-pointed, which do so abide the first 
 applied to the ears, ease the pains and in- 1 year ; and the next spring from among 
 flammation of them. A piece of the green j them, rise up divers round stalks, 'two or 
 husks put into a hollow tooth, eases the 1 three feet high, beset with many such like 
 pain. The catkins hereof, taken before j leaves thereon, but smaller, and shooting 
 they fall off, dried, and given a dram thereof j forth small branches, which with the stalks 
 in powder with white wine, wonderfully \ carry many small yellow flowers, in a long 
 helps those that are troubled with the rising j spiked head at the top of them, where after- 
 of the mother. The oil that is pressed out! wards come the seed, which is small and 
 of the kernels, is very profitable, taken in-; black, inclosed in heads that are divided at 
 wardly like oil of almonds, to help the I the tops into four parts. The root is long, 
 cholic, and to expel wind very effectually ; } white and thick, abiding the Winter. The 
 an ounce or two thereof may be taken at i whole herb changes to be yellow, after it 
 any time. The young green nuts taken | hath been in flower awhile, 
 before they be half ripe, and preserved with \ PlaceJ] It grows every where by the 
 sugar, are of good use for those that have \ way sides, in moist grounds, as well as dry, 
 weak stomachs, or defluctions thereon. The] in corners of fields and bye lanes, and some- 
 distilled water of the green husks, before; times all over the field. In Sussex and 
 they be half ripe, is of excellent use to cool j Kent they call it Green Weed, 
 the heat of agues, being drank an ounce or* Time.'] It flowers in June. 
 
 two at a time : as also to resist the infec- 
 tion of the plague, if some of the same be 
 also applied to the sores thereof. The 
 
 Government and rarities."] Matthiolus saith, 
 that the root hereof cures tough phlegm, 
 digests raw phlegm, thins gross humours, 
 
 same also cools the heat of green wounds -dissolves hard tumours, and opens obstruc- 
 and old ulcers, and heals them, being j tions. Some do highly commend it against 
 bathed therewith. The distilled water of the biting of venomous creatures, to be taken 
 
 3 r> 
 
192 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 inwardly and applied outwardly to the 5 bran of Wheat meal steeped in sharp vine- 
 hurt place; as also for the plague or pes-jgar, and then bound in a linen cloth, and 
 tilence. The people in some countries of j rubbed on those places that have the scurf, 
 this land, do use to bruise the herb, and lay j morphew, scabs or leprosy, will take them 
 it to cuts or wounds in the hands or legs, to : away, the body being; first well purged and 
 heal them. j prepared. The decoction of the bran of 
 
 j Wheat or barley, is of good use to bathe 
 those places that are bursten by a rupture ; 
 
 ALL tne several kinds thereof are so well' and the said bran boiled in good vinegar, 
 known unto almost all people, that it is all jand applied to swollen breasts, helps them, 
 together needless to write a description : and stays all inflamations. It helps also 
 thereof. : the biting of vipers (which I take to be no 
 
 Government and virtues.'] It is under \ other than our English adder) and all other 
 Venus. Dioscondes saith, That to eat the j venomous creatures. The leaves of Wheat 
 corn of green Wheat is hurtful to the I meal applied with some salt, take away 
 stomach, and breeds worms. Pliny sailh, j hardness of the skin, warts, and hard knots 
 That the corn of Wheat, roasted upon an in the flesh. Wafers put in water, and 
 
 iron pan, and eaten, are a present remedy 
 
 drank, stays the lask and bloody flux, and 
 
 for those that arc chilled with cold. The \ are profitably used both inwardly and out- 
 oil pressed from wheat, between two thick jwardly for the ruptures in children. Boiled 
 plates of iron, or copper heated, heals all! in water unto a thick jelly, and taken, it 
 tetters and ring-worms, being used warm ;> stays spitting of blood; and boiled with 
 and hereby Galen sailh, he hath known mint and butter, it helps the hoarseness of 
 many to be cured. Mitthiolus commends 5 the throat, 
 the same to be put into hollow ulcers to heal > 
 
 i , i THE WILLOW TREE. 
 
 them up, and it is good for chops in the : 
 
 hands and feet, and to make rugged skin,' THESE are so well known that they need 
 smooth. The green corns of Wheat being* no description. I shall therefore only shew 
 chewed, and applied to the place bitten by ; you the virtues therof. 
 a mad dog, heals it ; slices of Wheat bread J Government and virtues.^ The Moon 
 soaked in red rose water, and applied to {owns it. Both the leaves, bark, and the 
 the eyes that are hot, red, and inflamed, or j seed, are used to stanch bleeding of wounds, 
 blood-shotten, helps them. Hot bread ap-<and at mouth and nose, spitting of blood, 
 plied for an hour, at times, for three days * and other flaxes of blood in man or woman, 
 together, perfectly heals the kernels in thej and to stay vomiting, and provocation there- 
 throat, commonly called the king's evil, junto, if the decoction of them in wine be 
 The flour of Wheat mixed with the juice of i drank. It helps also to stay thin, hot, sharp, 
 henbane, stays the flux of humours to the j salt distillations from the head upon the 
 joints, being laid thereon. The said meal | lungs, causing a consumption. The leaves 
 boiled in vinegar, helps the shrinking of the! bruised with some pepper, and drank in 
 sinews, saith Pliny; and mixed with vine- j wine, helps much the wind cholic. The 
 gar, and boiled together, heals all freckles, ; leaves bruised and boiled in wine, and 
 spots and pimples on the face. Wheat! drank, stays the heat of lust in man or 
 flour, mixed with the yolk of an egg, honey, j woman, and quite extinguishes it, if it be 
 and turpentine, doth draw, cleanse and heal J long used : The seed also is of the same 
 any boil, plague, sore, or foul ulcer. The) effect. Water that is gathered from the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 193 
 
 Willow, when it flowers, the bark being | fit of it. where those that sow it, cut it three 
 slit, and a vessel fitting to receive it, is very j times a year. 
 
 good for redness and dimness of sight, or j Time.'] It flowers in June, but it is long 
 films that grow over the eyes, and stay the j after before the seed is ripe, 
 i he urns that fall into them; to provoke? Government and virtues.'] It is a cold and 
 urine, being stopped, if it be drank; to clear \ dry plant of Saturn. Some people affirm 
 the face and skin from spots and discolour- j the plant to be destructive to bees, and 
 ings. Galen saith, The flowers have an i fluxes them, which, if it be, I cannot help 
 admirable faculty in drying up humours, jit. I should rather think, unless bees be 
 being a medicine without any sharpness or j contrary to other creatures, it possesses them 
 corrosion ; you may boil them in white i with the contrary disease, the herb being 
 wine, and drink as much as you will, so I exceeding dry and binding. However, if 
 you drink not yourself drunk. The bark! any bees be diseased thereby, the cure is, 
 works the same effect, if used in the same I to set urine by them, but set it in a vessel, 
 manner, and the Tree hath always a bark ; that they cannot drown themselves, which 
 upon it, though not always flowers ; the | may be remedied, if you put pieces of cork- 
 burnt ashes of the bark being mixed with j in it. The herb is so drying and binding, 
 vinegar, takes away warts, corns, and i that it is not fit to be given inwardly. An 
 superfluous flesh, being applied to the place. \ ointment made thereof stanches bleeding. 
 The decoction of the leaves or bark in wine, | A plaister made thereof, and applied to the 
 takes away scurffand dandriff by washing i region of the spleen which lies on the left 
 the place with it. It is a fine cool tree, the i side, takes away the hardness and pains 
 boughs of which are very convenient to thereof. The ointment is excellently good 
 be placed in the chamber of one sick of a | in such ulcers as abound with moisture, and 
 fever. I takes away the corroding and fretting 
 
 1 humours : It cools inflammations, quenches 
 | St. Anthony's fire, and stays defluxion of 
 
 Descript.~] IT hath divers large leaves, { the blood to any part of the body, 
 long, and somewhat broad withal, like those i 
 
 of the greater plntain, but larger, thicker, j ODBINE, OR HONEY-SUCKLES 
 of a greenish colour, somewhat blue withal.; IT is a plant so common, that every one 
 From among which leaves rises up a lusty i that hath eyes knows it, and he that hath 
 stalk, three or four feet high, with divers j none, cannot read a description, if I should 
 leaves set thereon ; the higher the stalk ! write it. 
 
 rises, the smaller are the leaves ; at the top ! Time. They flower in June, and the 
 it spreads divers branches, at the end of j fruit is ripe in August, 
 which appear very pretty, little yellow! Government and virtues.'] Doctor Tra- 
 flowers, and after they pass away like Other j dition, that grand introducer of errors, that 
 flowers of the field, come husks, long and j hater of truth, lover of folly, and the mortal 
 somewhat flat withal ; in form they resem- i foe to Dr. Reason, hath taught the common 
 ble a tongue, in colour they are black, and 1 people to use the leaves or flowers of this 
 they hang bobbing downwards. The seed : plant in mouth-water, and by long con- 
 contained within these husks (if it be a little 5 tinuance of time, hath so grounded it in the 
 chewed) gives an azure colour. The root is \ brains of the vulgar, that you cannot beat it 
 white and long. $ out with a beetle: All mouth-waters ought 
 
 Place.] It is sowed in fields for the bene-l to be cooling and drying, but Honey 
 
194 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Suckles are cleansing, consuming and di- i describe, and the third be critical at; and 
 gesting, and therefore fit for inflammations ; ; I care not greatly if I begin with the last 
 thus Dr. Reason. Again if you please,*we j first. 
 
 will leave Dr. Reason a while, and come to \ Sea Wormwood hath gotten as many names 
 Dr. Experience, a learned gentleman, and jasvirtues, (and perhaps one more) Seriphian, 
 his brother. Take a leaf and chew it in | Santomeon, Belchion, Narbinense, Han- 
 your moulh, and you will quickly find iUtonicon, Misneule, and a matter of twenty 
 likelier to cause a sore mouth and throat j more which I shall not blot paper withal, 
 than to cure it. Well then, if it be not good ; A papist got the toy by the end, and he 
 for this, What is it good for? It is good for {called it Holy Wormwood ; and in truth 
 something, for God and nature made I I am opinion, their giving so much holi- 
 nothing in vain. It is an herb of Mercury, j ness to herbs, is the reason there remains so 
 and appropriated to the lungs; neither is it j little in themselves. The seed of this 
 Crab claims dominion over it; neither is itj Wormwood is that which women usually 
 a foe to the Lion ; if the lungs be afflicted j give their children for the worms. Of all 
 by Jupiter, this is your cure : It is fitting a j Wormwoods that grow here, this is the 
 conserve made of the flowers of it were kept $ weakest, but Doctors commend it, and 
 
 in every gentlewoman's house ; I know no 
 better cure for an asthma than this : besides, 
 it takes away the evil of the spleen, provokes 
 
 apothecaries sell it; the one must keep his 
 credit, and the other get money, and that is 
 the key of the work. The herb is good for 
 
 . i i > i 
 
 urine, procures speedy delivery of women | something, because God made nothing in 
 in travail, helps cramps, convulsions, and j vain : Will you give me leave to weigh 
 palsies, and whatsoever griefs come of cold { things in the balance of reason ; Then thus ; 
 or stopping; if you please to make use of I The seeds of the common Wormwood are 
 it as an ointment, it will clear your skin of ; far more prevalent than the seed of this, to 
 morphew, freckles, and sun-burnings, or ; expel worms in children, or people of ripe 
 whatsoever else discolours it, and then the | age ; of both some are weak, some are 
 maids will love it. Authors say, The | strong. The Seriphian Wormwood is the 
 
 flowers are of more effect than the leaves, : 
 and that is true ; but they say the seeds are 
 least effectual of all. But Dr. Reason told 
 
 weakest, and haply may prove to be fittest 
 for the weak bodies, (for it is weak enough 
 of all conscience.) Let such as are strong 
 
 me, That there was a vital spirit in every take the common Wormwood, for the others 
 seed to beget its like; and Dr. Experience I will do but little good. Again, near the sea 
 told me, That there was a greater heat in the \ many people live, and Seriphian grows 
 seed than there was in any other part of the * near them, and therefore is more fitting for 
 plant: and withal, That heat was the mother j their bodies, because nourished by the 
 of action, and then judge if old Dr. Tradi- \ same air ; and this I had from Dr. Reason, 
 tion (who may well be honoured for his age, \ In whose body Dr. Reason dwells not, dwells 
 but not for his goodness) hath not so poi- j Dr. Madness, and he brings in his brethren, 
 Boned the world with errors before I was j Dr. Ignorance, Dr. Folly, and Dr. Sick- 
 born, that it was never well in its wits: ness, and these together make way for 
 since, and thereis a great fear it will die mad. j Death, and the latter end of that man is 
 
 | worse than the beginning. Pride was the 
 j cause of Adam's fall ; pride begat a daugh- 
 
 THREE W.ormwoods are familiar with Her, I do not know the father of it, unless 
 us ; one I shall not describe, another I shall ; the devil, but she christened it, and calle 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 195 
 
 it Appetite, and sent her daughter to taste] with many round, woody, hairy stalks from 
 these wormwoods, who finding this the; one root. Its height is four feet, 01 three at 
 least bitter, made the squeamish wench \ least. The leaves in longitude are long, in 
 extol it to the skies, though the virtues ofitj latitude narrow, in colour white, in form 
 never reached the middle region of the air. | hoary, in similitude likeSouthernwood,only 
 Its due praise is this; It is weakest, there- j broader and longer; in taste rather salt than 
 fore fittest for weak bodies, and fitter for: bitter, because it grows so near the salt- 
 those bodies that dwell near it, than those* water; at the joints, with the Jeaves toward 
 that dwell far from it ; my reason is, the sea j the tops it bears little yellow flowers; the 
 (those that live far from it, know when they i root lies deep, ^nd is woods, 
 come near it) casts not such a smell as the j Common Wormwood I shall not describe, 
 land doth. The tender mercies of God 1 for every boy that can eat an egg knows it. 
 being over all his works, hath by his eternal | Roman Wormwood; and why Roman, 
 Providence, planted Seriphian by the sea- \ seeing it grows familiarly in England? It 
 side, as a fil medicine for the bodies of those I may be so called, because it is good for a 
 that live near it. Lastly, It is known to all ] stinking breath, which the Romans cannot 
 
 that know any thing in the course of nature, 
 that the liver delights in sweet things, if so, 
 it abhors bitter ; then if your liver be weak, 
 it is none of the wisest courses to plague it 
 
 be very free from, maintaining so many 
 bad houses by authority of his Holiness. 
 
 Descript.~] The stalks are slender, and 
 shorter than the common Wormwood by 
 
 with an enemy. If the liver be weak, a } one foot at least ; the leaves are more finely 
 consumption follows ; would you know the 1 cut and divided than they are, but some- 
 reason ? It is this, A man's flesh is repaired | thing smaller; both leaves and stalks are 
 by blood, by a third concoclion, which \ hoary, the flowers of a pale yellow colour ; 
 transmutes the blood into flesh, it is well it is altogether like the common Worm- 
 
 I said, (concoction) say I, if I had said 
 (boiling) every cook would have understood 
 
 wood, save only in bigness, for it is smaller: 
 in taste, for it is not so bitter; in smell, for 
 
 me. The liver makes blood, and if it be it is spicy. 
 
 weakened that if it makes not enough, the j Place!] It grows upon the tops of the 
 flesh wastes ; and why must flesh always be 1 mountains (it seems 'tis aspiring) there 'tis 
 renewed ? Because the eternal God, when | natural, but usually nursed up in gardens 
 he made the creation, made one part of it I for the use of the apothecaries in London. 
 in continual dependency upon another;,' TimeJ] All Wormwoods usually flower 
 and why did he so ? Because himself only i; in August, a little sooner or later. 
 
 is permanent ; to teach us, That we should 
 not (ix our affections upon what is transi- 
 tory, but what endures for ever. The re- 
 
 Government and virtues,] Will you give 
 me leave to be critical a little? I must 
 take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, 
 
 suit of this is, if the liver be weak, and can- ; and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside 
 not make blood enough, I would have said, ! the bridge ; I prove it thus : What delights 
 Sanguify, if I had written only to scholars, ;in martial places, is a martial herb; but 
 the Seriphian, which is the weakest of! Wormwood delights in martial places (foi 
 Wormwoods, is better than the best. I have \ about forges and iron works you may gather 
 oeen critical enough, if not too much. |a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. 
 
 Place.] It grows familiarly in England, | It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. 
 by the sea-side. | just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It 
 
 Dwcnp/.] It starts up out of the earth, ' { remedies the evils choler can inflict on the 
 
 3 E 
 
196 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 body of man by sympathy. It helps the! hob of Mars, is a .present reme 'y tor the 
 evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, j biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (1 
 by antipathy; and it doth something else J cannot give them the title of Her ba, Fru- 
 besides. It cleanses the body of cholerjtex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of 
 (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It; Saturn, ( and take one time with another, 
 provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings I they do as much harm as good ;) if any have 
 in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, poisoned himself by eating them, Worm- 
 because Mars rules the attractive faculty in | wood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because 
 man: The sun never shone upon a better? Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of 
 herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why! Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it 
 should men cry out so much upon Mars for \ did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, 
 an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did ; black and blue spots, coming either by 
 God make creatures to do the creation a | bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb 
 mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is | of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you 
 willing to cure all diseases he causes; the Move him, and as you hate him) will not 
 truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn ; break your head, but he will give you a 
 fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers ofj plaister. If he do but teach you to know 
 Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, : yourselves, his courtesy is greater than is 
 of each a like quantity, half that quantity ! discourtesy. The greatest antipathy be- 
 of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but t ween the planets, is between Mars and 
 put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled ;\ Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one 
 This is the way to keep a man's body in f diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the 
 health, appointed by Camerarius, in his { other moist ; their houses are opposite, one 
 book intitled Hortus Medicos, and it is a; masculine, the other feminine ; one public, 
 good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood i the other private ;. one is valiant, the other 
 provokes the terms. I would willingly j effeminate: one loves the light, the other 
 teach astrologers, and make them physi-i hates it ; one loves the field, the other sheets: 
 cians (if I knew how) for they are most \ then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy 
 fitting for the calling; if you will not believe j lies in the throat, and is an inflammation 
 me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, 5 there ; Venus rules the throat, (it -being 
 a couple of gentlemen that our college of -under Tamus her sign.) Mars eradicates 
 physicians keep to vapour with, not to all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for 
 follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pat- j wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt 
 tern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, jou an errand never to return more, this 
 yet as near the truth as the men of Benja- \ done by antipathy. The eyes are under 
 min could throw a stone: Whereby, my j the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, 
 brethren, the astrologers may know by a; and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims 
 penny how a shilling is coined : As for the j dominion over: the left eye of a man, and 
 college of physicians, they are too stately to ; the right eye of a woman, are privileges of 
 college or too proud to continue. They ? the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars 
 say a mouse is under the dominion of the? cures both; what belongs to the Sun by 
 Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the \ sympathy, because he is exalted in his 
 night; the house of the Moon is Cancer;; house; but what belongs to the Moon by 
 rats are of the same nature with mice, but : antipathy, because he hath his fall in h'-r's. 
 
 they are a little bigger ; Mars receives his 
 fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an 
 
 Suppose a man be bitten or stum; by a 
 martial creature, imagine a wa-jp, a hornet, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 197 
 
 a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, j either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave us 
 gives you a present cure ; that Mars, cho- 1 they looked, my opinion was that the moths 
 leric as he is, hath learned that patience, to might consume them ; moths are under the 
 pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells j dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood be- 
 you by my pen, That he gives you no af-iing laid among cloaths, will make a molh 
 tiiction, but he gives you a cure ; you need ! scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much 
 not run to Apollo, nor ^Esculapius ; and if! as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or 
 he was so choleric as you make him to be, \ an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is an- 
 he would have drawn his sword for anger, jgry, and it is true enough he is angry with 
 to see the ill conditions of these people i many countrymen, for being such fools to 
 that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. * be led by the noses by the college of phy- 
 The eternal God, when he made Mars, t sicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden, 
 made him for public good, and the sons of : Melancholy men cannot endure to be 
 men shall know it it in the latter end of the | wronged in point of good fame, and that 
 world. Et caelum Mars solus babet. You j doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they 
 say Mars is a destroyer ; mix a little Worm- i call him the greatest infortunate ; in the 
 wood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, j body of man he rules the spleen, (and that 
 neither rats nor mice touch the paper writ- \ makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor 
 ten with it, and then Mars is a preserver. 5 old man lies crying out of his left side 
 Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and Father Saturn's angry, Mars comes to him ; 
 itch, and the virgins are angry with him, \ Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken 
 because wanton Venus told them he de- j of, and so am I ; thou knowest I have my 
 forms their skins ; but, quoth Mars, my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb 
 only desire is, they should know themselves; j of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man : 
 my herb Wormwood will restore them to j Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so 
 the beauty they formerly had, and in that {Mars cured him by sympathy. When 
 I will not come an inch behind my opposite, | Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be 
 Venus : for which doth the greatest evil, he j fighting, and is the best friend a soldier 
 that takes away an innate beauty, and when ! hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, 
 he has done, knows how to restore it again ? j he called a council of war in his own brain, 
 or she that teaches a company of wanton j to know how he should do poor sinful man 
 lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in \ good, desiring to forget his abuses in being 
 a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes \ called an infortunate. He musters up his 
 the cholic (it is well God hath set some | own forces, and places them in battalia, 
 body to pull down the pride of man.) HejOh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor 
 in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic,! silly man or woman ? His angel answers 
 but them that know not themselves (for who I him, It is because they have offended their 
 knows himself, may easily know all the : God, -(Look back to Adam :) Well, says 
 world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a } Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will 
 present cure for it ; and whether it be most! do good to them ; Death's cold, my herb 
 like a Christian to love him for his good, or | shall heat them : they are full of ill humours 
 hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had al- j (else they would never have spoken ill of 
 most forgotten, that charity thinks no evil.! me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry 
 I wasonce in the Tower and viewed the ward- i them; they are poor weak creatures, my 
 robe, and there wasagreat many fine clothes: ] herb shall strengthen them ; they are dull 
 I can give them noother title, for I was never twitted, my herb shall fortify their appre- 
 
J0 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 hen&ions; and yet among astrologers all 
 this does not deserve a good word : Oh the 
 patience of Mars! 
 
 Felix qvipotuit rcrum cognoscere caucus, 
 tuque domus snjierum scandere curafacit. 
 O happy lie that can the knowledge gain, 
 To know the eternal God made nought in vain. 
 To this 1 add, 
 
 night, the one from Aries, and the olhei 
 from Scorpio ; give me thy leave by sym- 
 pathy to cure this poor man with drinking 
 a draught of Wormwood beer every morn- 
 ing. The Moon was weak the other day, 
 and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, 
 a dull brain and a weak sight; Mars laid 
 by his sword, and comes to her; Sister 
 
 [ know the reason canseth such a dearth | Moon, said he, this man hath angered thee, 
 
 Of knowledge: 'tis because men love theearth. ; but I beseech thee take notice he is but a 
 
 * f* 1 **1 1 _" iT "11 * > I 1 I 
 
 The other day Mars told me he met with \ wormwood cure him of both infirmities by 
 Venus, and he asked her, What was the ; antipathy, for thou knowest thou and I can- 
 reason that she accused him for abusing \ not agree ; with that the ' Moon began to 
 women ? He never gave them the pox. In \ quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in 
 il\e dispute they fell out, and in anger \ women's tongues) went away, and did it 
 parted, and Mars told me that his brother I whether she would or no. 
 
 Saturn told him, that an antivenerean 
 medicine was the best against the pox. 
 
 He that reads this, and understands what 
 he reads, hath a jewel of mre worth than 
 
 Once a month he meets with the Moon. ; a diamond ; he that understands it not, is 
 Mars is quick enough of speech, and the j as little fit to give physick. There lies a 
 Moon not much behind hand, (neither are \ key in these words which will unlock, (if it 
 most women.) The Moon looks much i be turned by a wise hand) the cabinet of 
 after children, and children are much trou- j physick : I have delivered it as plain as I 
 bled with the worms; she desired a medi- \ durst ; it is not only upon Wormwood as 
 cine of him, he bid her take his own herb, j I wrote, but upon all plants, trees, and 
 Wormwood. He had no sooner parted j herbs ; he that understands it not, is unfit 
 with the Moon, but he met with Venus, and j (in my opinion) to give physic. This shall 
 she was as drunk as a hog; Alas! poor! live when I am dead. And thus I leave it 
 Venus, quoth he; What! thou a fortune, * to the world, not caring a farthing whether 
 and be drunk? I'll give thee antipathetical! they like it or dislike if. The grave equals 
 cure; Take my herb Wormwood, and thou jail men, and therefore shall equal me with 
 shall never get a surfeit by drinking. A jail princes; until which time the eternal 
 poor silly countryman hath got an ague, { Providence is over me : Then the ill tongue 
 and cannot go about his business: he j of a prating fellow, or one that hath more 
 wishes he had it not, and so do I ; but 1 j tongue than wit, or more proud than 
 will tell him a remedy, whereby he shall ; honest, shall never trouble me. Wisdom is 
 prevent it; Take the herb of Mars, Worm- \justJfied by her children. And so much for 
 wood, and if infortunes will do good, what! Wormwood, 
 will fortunes do? Some think the lungs are,* 
 
 1 , - c ., ., e .1 J VARUOW, CALLED NOSE-BLEED, MILFOIL 
 
 under Jupiter; and ir the lungs then the! 
 
 i ,i i AND THOUSALD-LEAL. 
 
 breath ; and though sometimes a man gets ; 
 
 a slinking brealh, and yet Jupiter is a for-! Descript.'] IT hath many long leaves 
 tune, forsooth; up comes Mars to him ;t spread upon the ground, finely cu(, and 
 Gume brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent \ divided into many small parts 1 It flowers 
 thee H couple of trines to thv house last J are white, but not all of a whiteness aud 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 190 
 
 stayed in knots, upon divers green stalks 
 which rise from among the leaves. 
 
 Place.] It is frequent in all pastures. 
 
 Time.] It flowers late, even in the latter 
 end of August. 
 
 Government and virtues.] It is under the 
 influence of Venus. An ointment of them 
 cures wounds, and is most fit for such as 
 have inflammations, it being an herb of 
 Dame Venus ; it stops the terms in women, 
 being boiled in white wine, and the decoc- 
 tion drank ; as also the bloody flux ; the 
 ointment of it is not only good for green 
 wounds, but also for ulcers and fistulas, 
 especially such as abound with moisture. 
 
 It stays the shedding of hair, the head being 
 bathed with the decoction of it; inwardly 
 taken it helps the retentive faculty of the 
 stomach : it helps the gonorrhea in men, 
 and the whites in women, and helps such as 
 cannot hold their water ; and the leaves 
 chewed in the mouth eases the tooth-ache , 
 and these virtues being put together, shew 
 the herb to be drying and binding. Achilles 
 is supposed to be the first that left the vir- 
 tues of this herb to posterity, having learned 
 them of this master Chiron, the Centaur; 
 and certainly a very profitable herb it is in 
 cramps, and therefore called Militaris. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING SYRUPS, CONSERVES, 
 
 HAVING in divers places of this Treatise j 
 promised you the way of making Syrups, I 
 Conserves, Oils, Ointments, &c, of herbs, | 
 roots, flowers, &c. whereby you may have | 
 them ready for your use at such times when \ 
 they cannot be had otherwise ; I come now 
 to perform what I promised, and you shall 
 find me rather better than worse than my , 
 word. 
 
 That this may be done methodically, | 
 I shall divide my directions into two grand \ 
 sections, and each section into several chap- 
 ters, and then you shall see it look with such 
 a countenance as this is. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 Of gathering, drying, and keeping Simples, 
 and their juices. 
 
 CHAP, i Of leaves ofHerbs y Sfc. 
 CHAP. n. Of Flowers. 
 CHAP. in. Of' Seeds. 
 CHAP. iv. Uf Roots. 
 
 CHAP. v. Of Barks. 
 
 CHAP. vi. Of Juices. 
 
 SECTION II 
 
 Of making and keeping Compounds. 
 
 CHAP. i. Of distilled waters. 
 
 CHAP. ii. Of Syrups. 
 
 CHAP. in. Of Juleps. 
 
 CHAP iv. Of Decoctions. 
 
 CHAP. v. Of Oils. 
 
 CHAP, vi Of Electuaries. 
 
 CHAP. vn. Of Conserves. 
 
 CHAP. vin. Of Preserves. 
 
 CHAP. ix. Of Lohochs. 
 
 CHAP. x. Of Ointments. 
 
 CHAP. xi. OfPlaisters. 
 
 CHAP. xn. Of Poultices. 
 
 CHAP. xin. Of Troches. 
 
 CHAP. xiv. Of Pills. 
 
 CHAP. xv. The way of fitting Medi- 
 cines to Compound Dis- 
 eases. 
 Of all these in order. 
 
 3 F 
 
200 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 i her apply to a planet of the same triplicity ; 
 
 CHAPTER!. t .,, , . ,* 
 
 ; if you cannot wait that time neither, let 
 Of Leaves of Herbs, or Trees. j her be with a fixed star of their nature. 
 
 1. OF leaves, choose only such as are* 6 - Having well dried them, put them up 
 green, and full of juice; pick them care-i m brown P a P er ' se u win S the P a Pf r "P hke 
 Fully, and cast away such as are any way sack, and press them not too hard toge- 
 
 declining, for they will putrify the rest : So j ' her > and kee P them m a d T P Iace near tbe 
 
 shall one handful be worth ten of those you j e ' 
 
 buy at the physic herb shops. , 7 ' A 8 for the duratlon f d d herbs, 
 
 2. Note what places they most delight ! a ,J ust tje cannot be given, let authors prate 
 to grow in, and gather them there ; for j their Pjf asure ; * or 
 
 Betony that grows in the shade, is far better j lst ' Such as g row "P on dr y g^nds wiU 
 than that which grows in the Sun, because I keep better than such as grow on moist. 
 it delights m the shade; so also such herbs j 2dly, Such herbs as are full of juice, 
 as delight to grow near the water, shall be I wl11 j 1 , 01 kee P s lo u n g M such as are dn er . 
 gathered near it, though happily you may I 3dl ^ Such herbs as are well dried will 
 
 , 
 
 find some of them upon dry ground : Thej kee P longer than such as are slack dried, 
 Treatise will inform you where every herb Yetyoo may know when they are corrupt- 
 delights to grow. d by their loss of colour, or smell, or 
 
 3 The leaves of such herbs as run up to bo ^' and lf L the be corrupted, reason 
 seed, are not so good- when they are in! 1 ?" tel j. y o V hat they must needs corrupt 
 flower as before (some few excepted, the the b d"* of & e P eo .P Ie fat take them. 
 leaves of which are seldom or never used) . 4 ' Galher a11 leav f s m the hour of ** 
 in such cases, if through ignorance they { P lanet that g overns them ' 
 were not known, or through negligence j CHAPTER u. 
 
 forgotten, you had better take the top and j ~ ,. ^ 
 
 the flowers, then the leaf. / Flowers ' 
 
 4. Dry them well in the Sun, and not in | 1. THE flower, which is the beauty of the 
 the shade, as the saying of physicians is ; | plant, and of none of the least use in phy- 
 for if the sun draw away the virtues of the' sick, grows yearly, and is to be gathered 
 herb, it must need do the like by hay, by j when it is in its prime. 
 
 the same rule, which the experience of every I 2. As for the time of gathering them, let 
 country farmer will explode for a notable \ the planetary hour, and the planet they 
 piece of nonsense. | come of, be observed, as we shewed you 
 
 5. Such as are artists in astrology, (and | in the foregoing chapter : as for the time of 
 indeed none else are fit to make physicians) jthe day, let.it be when the sun shine upon 
 such I advise; let the planet that governs ! them, that so they may be dry ; for, if you 
 the herb be angular, and the stronger the! gather either flowers or herbs when they are 
 better ; if they can, in herbs of Saturn, let] wet or dewy, they will not keep. 
 
 Saturn be in the ascendant; in the herbs of i 3. Dry them well in the sun, and keep 
 Mars, let Mars be in the mid heaven, for in | them in papers near the fire, as I shewed 
 those houses they delight ; let the Moon \ you in the foregoing chapter. 
 apply to them by good aspect, and let her \ 4. So long as they retain the colour and 
 not be in the houses of her enemies ; if you ; smell, they are good ; either of them being 
 cannot well stay till she apply to them, let j gone, so is the virtue also. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 201 
 
 i morning; and this idle talk of untruth is so 
 CHAPTER ill < grounded in the heads, not only of the vul- 
 
 Of Seeds. i S ar> but a ' so f tne learned, that a man 
 
 | cannot drive it out by reason. I pray let 
 1. THE seed is that part of the plant \ such sapmongers answer me this argument; 
 
 i 1 1 '.I/* 1 . > T /* . I * 1 1 . _1 
 
 which is endowed with a vital faculty to 
 bring forth its like, and it contains poten- 
 
 mm * 11 1 . * * . 
 
 If the sap falls into the roots in the fall of 
 the leaf, and lies there all the Winter, then 
 
 tially the whole plant in it. i must the root grow only in the Winter. 
 
 2. As for place, let them be gathered ; But the root grows not at all in the Winter, 
 from the place where they delight to grow, j as experience teaches, but only in the 
 
 3. Let them be full ripe when they are j Summer: Therefore, If you set an apple- 
 gathered ; and foiget not the celestial har- j kernel in the Spring, you shall find the root 
 mony before mentioned, for I have found \ to grow to a pretty bigness in the Summer, 
 by experience that their virtues are twice as i and be not a whit bigger next Spring, 
 great at such times as others : " There is \ What doth the sap do in the root all that 
 an appointed time for every thing under! while? Pick straws? 'Tis as rotten as a 
 the sun." I rotten post. 
 
 The truth is, when the sun declines from 
 the tropic of Cancer, the sap begins to con- 
 geal both in root and branch ; when he 
 
 4. When you have gathered them, dry 
 them a little, and but a little in the sun, 
 before you lay them up. 
 
 5. You need not be so careful of keeping j touches the tropic of Capricorn, and ascends 
 them so near the fire, as the other before- 1 to us-ward, it begins to Avax thin again, 
 mentioned, because they are fuller of j and by degrees, as it congealed. But to 
 spirit, and therefore not so subject to j proceed. 
 
 corrupt. 3. The drier time you gather the roots 
 
 6. As for the lime of their duration, it is j in, the better they are ; for they have the 
 palpable they will keep a good many years; [less excrementitious moisture in them, 
 yet, they are best the first year, and this* 4. Such roots as are soft, your best way 
 I make appear by a good argument. They | is to dry in the sun, or else hang them in 
 will grow sooner the first year they be set, | the chimney corner upon a string; as for 
 therefore then they are in their prime ;\ such as are hard, you may dry them any 
 and it is an easy matter to renew them j where, 
 
 yearly. 5. Such roots as are great, will keep 
 
 i longer than such as are small ; yet most of 
 c H A P T E a i v . ; them win keep a year 
 
 of Roots. 8< ^ acn roots as are s ft * l * s y ur kest 
 
 i way 10 keep them always near the fire, and 
 
 1. OF roots, chuse such as are neither ' to take this general rule for it : If in Win- 
 rotten nor worm-eaten, but proper in their I ler-time you find any of your roots, herbs 
 taste, colour, and smell; such as exceed i or flowers begin to be moist, as many times 
 neither in softness nor hardness. |v u sna 'l (f r it is your best way to look to 
 
 2. Give me leave to be a little critical \ them once a month) dry them by a verv 
 against the vulgar received opinion, which gentle fire; or, if you can with convenience 
 is, That the sap falls down into the roots in Jkeep them near the fire, you may save youi* 
 the Autumn, and rises again in the Spring, i self the labour 
 
 <w men go to bed at night, and rise in thej 7. It is in vain to dry roots that tn:u 
 
202 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 commonly be had, as Parsley, Fennel, j 3. The manner of clarifying it is this : 
 Plantain, &c. but gather them only for pre-| Put it into a pipkin or skillet, or some sue! 
 sent need j thing, and set it over the fire ; and when th< 
 
 I scum arises, take it off; let it stand over the 
 
 j fire till no more scum arise ; when you have 
 
 Of Barks. : your juice clarified, cast away the scum as 
 
 la thing of no use. 
 
 1. BARKS, which physicians use in medi- \ 4. When you have thus clarified it, you 
 cine, are of these sorts : Of fruits, of roots, j have two ways to preserve it all the year. 
 of boughs. (!.) When it is cold, put it into a glass, 
 
 The barks of fruits are to be taken } anf } pu t so much oil on it as will cover it 
 when the fruit is full ripe, as Oranges, | to the thickness of two fingers ; the oil will 
 Lemons, &c. but because I have nothing to \ sw i m at tne top, and so keep the air from 
 do with exotics here, I pass them without j com ing to purtify it : When you intend to 
 any more words. | use it, pour it into a porringer, and ifanv 
 
 3. The barks of trees are best gathered j O U come out with it, you may easily scum 
 m the Spring, if of oaks, or such great i t off with a spoon, and put the juice you 
 trees ; because then they come easier off, j use not into the glass again, it will quickly 
 and so you may dry them if you please ; j s i n k under the oil. This is the first way. ' 
 but indeed the best way is to gather all ( 2 .) The second way is a little more dit- 
 barks only for present use. fi cu l t> an d the juice of fruits is usually pre- 
 
 4. As for the barks of roots, 'tis thus to j ser ved this way. When you have clarified 
 be gotten. Take the roots of such herbs as } i t , boil it over the fire, till (being cold) it 
 have a pith in them, as parsley, fennel, &c. be of the thickness of honey ; This is most 
 slit them in the middle, and when you have | commonly used for diseases of the mouth, 
 taken out the pith (which you may easily j an rf j s ca n e d Roba and Saba. And thus 
 do) that which remains is called (tho' im- j mucn f or the first section, the second follows. 
 properly) the bark, and indeed is only to be \ 
 
 used. SECTION II. 
 
 CHAPTERVI I ^ e wa y f making and keeping all necessary 
 
 Compounds. 
 Of Juices. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 1. J UICES are to be pressed out of herbs ? 
 
 when they are young and tender, out of j of distilled Waters. 
 
 some stalks and tender lops of herbs and i 
 
 plants, and also out of some flowers. 5 HITHERTO we have spoken of medicine! 
 
 2. Having gathered the herb, would you | which consist in their own nature, which 
 preserve the juice of it, when it is very dry | authors vulgarly call Simples, though some- 
 
 nil not be worth i times improperly; for in truth, nothing is 
 
 (for otherwise the juice will 
 
 a button) bruise it very well in a stone mor- 
 
 simple but pure elements; all things else 
 
 lar with a wooden pestle, then having put;: are compounded of them. We come now 
 it into a canvas bag, the herb I mean, not t to treat of the artificial medicines, in the 
 the mortar, for that will give but little juice, j form of which (because we must begin 
 press it hard in a press, then take the juice j somewhere) we shall place distilled waters 
 and clarify it. ^in which consider, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 20 
 
 1. Waters are distilled of herbs, flowers, { 2. You see at the first view, That this 
 fruits, and roots. \ aphorism divides itself into three branches, 
 
 2. We treat not of strong waters, but of\ which deserve severally to be treated of, 
 cold, as being to act Galen's part, and not* viz. 
 
 Paracelsus's. 1. Syrups made by infusion. 
 
 3. The herbs ought to be distilled when \ 2. Syrups made by decoction, 
 they are in the greatest vigour, and so ought j 3. Syrups made by juice. 
 
 the flowers also. j Of each of these, (for your instruction- 
 
 4. The vulgar way of distillations which i sake, kind countryman and women) I speak 
 people use, because they know no better, j a word or two apart. 
 
 is in a pewter still ; and although distilled ! 1st, Syrups made by infusion, are usually 
 watersare the weakest of artificial medicines, j made of flowers, and of such flowers as 
 and good for little but mixtures of other: soon lose their colour and strength by boil- 
 medicines, yet they are weaker by ma-ny j ing, as roses, violets, peach flowers, &c. 
 degrees, than they would be were they dis- j They are thus made : Having picked your 
 tilled in sand. If I thought it not impos- flowers clean, to every pound of them add 
 sible, to teach you the way of distilling in j three pounds or three pints, which you will 
 
 sand, I would attempt it. 
 
 5. When you have distilled your water, 
 put it into a glass, covered over with a 
 paper pricked full of holes, so that the ex- 
 crementitious and fiery vapours may ex- 
 hale, which cause that settling in distilled 
 
 (for it is all one) of spring water, made boil- 
 ing hot ; first put your flowers into a pew- 
 ter-pot, with a cover, and pour the water on 
 them ; then shutting the pot, let it stand by 
 the fire, to keep hot twelve hours, and 
 strain it out : (in such syrups as purge) as 
 
 waters called the Mother, which corrupt damask roses, peach flowers, &c. the usual, 
 them, then cover it close, and keep it for { and indeed the best way, is to repeat this 
 your use. {infusion, adding fresh flowers to the same 
 
 6. Stopping distilled waters with a cork, J liquor divers times, that so it may be the 
 makes them musty, and so does paper, if it? stronger) having strained it out, put the 
 but touch the water : it is best to stop them { infusion into a pewter bason, of an earthen 
 with a bladder, being first put in water, and \ one well glazed, and to every pint of it. add 
 bound over the top of the glass. jtwo pounds of sugar, which being only 
 
 Such cold waters as are distilled in a j melted over the fire, without boiling, ano 
 pewter still (if well kept) will endure a year ; \ scummed, will produce you the syrup you 
 such as are distilled in sand, as they are j desire. 
 
 twice as strong, so they endure twice as! 2dly, Syrups made by decoction are 
 
 long. z usually made of compounds, yet may any 
 
 en AFTER 11. ? simple herb be thus converted into syrup : 
 
 Q/. o jTake the herb, root, or flowers you would 
 
 ; make into a syrup, and bruise it a little ; 
 
 1. A SYRUP is a medicine of a liquid j then boil it in a convenient quantity of 
 form, composed of infusion, decoction and , spring water ; the more water you boil it 
 juice. And, 1. For the more grateful taste. ; j n , the weaker it will be ; a handful of the 
 2. For the better keeping of it: with a cer- j herb or root is a convenient quantity for a 
 tain quantity of honey or sugar, hereafter \ pint of water, boil it till half the water be 
 mentioned, boiled to the thickness of new | consumed, then let it stand till it be almost 
 ' lone .V' I cold, and strain it through a woollen cloth, 
 
 3 
 
204 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 letting it run out at leisure : without press- j want help, or such as are in health, and want 
 ing. To every pint of this decoction add i no money to quench thirst, 
 one pound of sugar, and boil it over the i 3. Now-a-day it is commonly used- 
 nre till it come to a syrup, which you may > 1. To prepare the body for purgation, 
 know, if you now and then cool a little of? 2. To open obstructions and the pores 
 it with a spoon ; Scum it all the while it! 3. To digest tough humours, 
 boils, and when it is sufficiently boiled, : 4. To qualify hot distempers, &c. - 
 whilst it is hot, strain it again through a| 4. Simple Juleps, (for I have nothing to 
 woollen cloth, but press it not. Thus you i say to compounds here) are thus made; 
 have the syrup perfected. jTake a pint of such distilled water, as con- 
 
 3dly, Syrups made of juice, are usually i duces to the cure of your distemper, which 
 made of such herbs as are full of juice, and | this treatise will plentifully furnish you 
 indeed they are better made into a syrup | with, to which add two ounces of syrup, 
 this way than any other; the operation is j conducing to the same effect; (I shall give 
 thus : Having beaten the herb in a stone \ you rules for it in the next chapter) mix 
 mortar, with a wooden pestle, press out the > them together, and drink a draught of it at 
 juice, and clarify it, as you are taught be- j your pleasure. If you love tart things, 
 fore in the juices ; then let the juice boil \ add ten drops of oil of vitriol to your pint 
 away till about a quarter of it be consumed ; ; and shake it together, and it will have a fine 
 to a pint of this add a pound of sugar, and j grateful taste. 
 
 when it is boiled, strain it through a woollen 5 5. All juleps are made for present use; 
 cloth, as we taught you before, and keep it ; and therefore it is in vain to speak of their 
 for your use. I duration. 
 
 3. If you make a syrup of roots that are j c H A P T E R i v 
 any thing hard, as parsley, fennel, and grass } 
 
 roots, &c. when you have bruised them, j Of Decoctions. 
 
 lay them in steep some time in that water j ^ ALL the diffe rence between decoc- 
 wh.ch you intend to boil them in hot, so wilh ti &nd syrups made . by dec oction, is 
 the virtue the better come out. j thi Syrup / are F m ade to keep, decoction, 
 
 4. Keep your syrups either in glasses or : Qnl ^ * nt use; for * can hardj 
 stone pots, and stop them not with cork nor keep ft d j coction a week at d f f 
 bladder, unless you would have the glass ^ the ^^ be h < ha , fso , 
 
 weak, and the syrup lost, only bind paper, 2 Decoctions are made of leaves, roots 
 
 I flowers, seeds, fruits or barks, conducing to 
 . All syrup.s, if well made, continue a j the cufe of the disease make them f or . 
 
 year with some advantage ; yet such as are ; are maf]e in the same manner as we shewed 
 made by mtusion, keep shortest j you in syrups 
 
 CHAPTER ii i. 3. Decoctions made with wine last longer 
 
 r)f j , than such as are made "with water ; and if 
 
 UJ Juleps. y OU ^g y 0ur decoct j on to deanse tin- 
 
 1. JULEPS were first invented, as I sup- 1 passages of the urine, or open obstructions, 
 pose, in Arabia; and my reason is, because! your best way is to make it with white 
 the word Julep is an Arabic word. ? wine instead of water, because this is pene- 
 
 2. It signifies only a pleasant potion, aspirating, 
 vulgarly used by such as are sick, and: 4-. I) 
 
 )ecoctions are of most use in such 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 205 
 
 diseases as lie in the passages of the body, 5 fruits or seeds by expression, as oil of sweet 
 as the stomach, bowels, kidneys, passages i and bitter almonds, linseed and rape-seed 
 of urine and bladder, because decoctions j oil, &c. of which see in my Dispensatory, 
 pass quicker to those places than any other j 4. Compound oils, are made of oil of 
 
 form of medicines. 
 
 5. If you will sweeten your decoction 
 with sugar, or any syrup fit for the occasion 
 you take it for, which is better, you may, 
 and no harm. 
 
 6. If in a decoction, you boil both roots, 
 
 olives, and other simples, imagine herbs, 
 flowers, roots, &c. 
 
 5. The way of making them is this : 
 Having bruised the herbs or flowers you 
 would make your oil of, put them into an 
 earthen pot, and to two or three handfuls of 
 
 herbs, flowers, and seed together, let the them pour a pint of oil, cover the pot with 
 roots boil a good while first, because they \ a paper, set it in the sun about a fortnight 
 retain their virtue longest ; then the next in \ or so, according as the sun is in hotness ; 
 order by the same rule, viz. 1. Barks. 2.? then having warmed it very well by the fire, 
 The herbs. 3. The seeds. 4. The flowers. : press out the herb, &c. very hard in a press, 
 5. The spices, if you put any in, because \ and add as many more herbs to the same 
 their virtues come soonest out. i oil; bruise the herbs (I mean not the oil) in 
 
 7- Such things as by boiling cause j like manner, set them in the sun as before ; 
 sliminess to a decoction, as figs, quince- j the oftener you repeat this, thestronger your 
 seed, linseed, &c. your best way is, after | oil will be ; At last when you conceive it 
 you have bruised them, to tie them up in a j strong enough, boil both herbs and oil 
 linen rag, as you tie up calf s brains, and so j together, till the juice be consumed, which 
 boil them. j you may know by its bubbling, and the 
 
 8. Keep all decoctions in a glass close j herbs will be crisp ; then strain it while it 
 stopped, and in the cooler place you keep j is hot, and keep it in a stone or glass vessel 
 them, the longer they will last ere they be 5 for your use. 
 sour. 6. As for chymical oils, I have nothing to 
 
 Lastly, The usual dose to be given at one I say here. 
 
 time, is usually two, three, four, or fivei 7. The general use of these oils, is for 
 ounces, according to the age and strength | pains in the limbs, roughness of the skin, 
 of the patient, the season of the year, the j the itch, &c. as also for ointments and 
 strength of the medicine, and the quality of; plaisters. 
 
 the disease. j 8. If you have occasion to use it for 
 
 ; wounds or ulcers, in two ounces of oil, 
 
 \ dissolve half an ounce of turpentine, the 
 
 Of Oils. \ heat of the fire will quickly do it ; for oil 
 
 1. OIL Olive, which is commonly known j itself is ^ ens . ive to wounds ' and the tur P en - 
 by the name of Sallad Oil, I suppose, be- tlne C l uahfies lL 
 
 cause it is usually eaten with sallads by: CHAPTER vi. 
 
 them that love it, if it be pressed out of j 
 
 ripe olives, according to Galen, istempe-i Of Electuaries. 
 
 rate, and exceeds in no one quality. PHYSICIANS make more a quoil than 
 
 2. Of oils, some are simple, and some are j needs by half, about electuaries. I shall 
 compound. | prescribe but one general way of makin 
 
 3 Simple oils, are such as are made of -them up; as for ingredients, you may 
 
200 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 hem as you please, and as you find occa-| 2. Conserves of herbs and flowers, 
 Mon, by the last chapter. {thus made: if you make your conserves 01 
 
 1. That you may make electuaries when \ herbs, as of scurvy-grass, wormwood, rue, 
 you need them, it is requisite that you keep ; and the like, take only the leaves and ten- 
 always herbs, roots, flowers, seeds, &c. j der tops (for you may beat your heart out 
 ready dried in your house, that so you may j before you can beat the stalks small) and 
 be. in a readiness to beat them into powder? having beaten them, weigh them, and to 
 when you need them. | every pound of them add three pounds of 
 
 2. It is better to keep them whole than j sugar, you cannot beat them too much, 
 beaten; for being beaten, they are morej 3. Conserves of fruits, as of barberries, 
 subject to lose their strength ; because the j sloes and the like, is thus made: First, 
 air soon penetrates them. { Scald the fruit, then rub the pulp through 
 
 3. If they be not dry ei.ough to beat into ! a thick hair sieve made for the purpose, 
 powder when you need them, dry them by \ called a pulping sieve ; you may do it for 
 a gentle fire till they are so. i a need with the back of a spoon : then take 
 
 4. Having beaten them, sift them through : this pulp thus drawn, and add to it its 
 a fine tiffany scarce, that no great pieces j weight of sugar, and no more; put it into 
 may be found in you electuary. ja pewter vessel, and over a charcoal fire; 
 
 5. To one ounce of your powder add j stir it up and down till the sugar be melted, 
 three ounces of clarified honey ; this quan- ; ; and your conserve is made. 
 
 tity I hold to be sufficient. If you would i 4. Thus you have the way of making 
 make more or less electuary, vary your pro- : conserves ; the way of keeping them is in 
 portion accordingly. i earthen pots. 
 
 6. Mix them well together in a mortar, > 5. The dose is usually the quantity of a 
 and take this for a truth, you cannot mix j nutmeg at a time morning and evening, 
 them too much. j or (unless they are purging) when you 
 
 7. The way to clarify honey, is to set it 
 over the fire in a convenient vessel, till the 
 scum risej and when the scum is taken off, 
 
 please. 
 
 6. Of conserves, some keep many years, 
 as conserves of roses : other but a year, as 
 
 it is clarified. j conserves of Borage, Bugloss, Cowslips and 
 
 8. The usual dose of cordial electuaries, i the like. 
 
 is from half a dram to two drams; of purg-| 7. Have a care of the working of some 
 ing electuaries, from half an ounce to an j conserves presently after they are made; 
 ounce. | look to them once a day, and stir them 
 
 p. The manner of keeping them is in a | about conserves of Borage, Bugloss, 
 
 pot 
 
 10. The time of taking them, is either in 
 
 Wormwood, have got an excellent faculty 
 at that sport. 
 
 a morning fasting, and fasting an hour after 5 8. You may know when your conserves 
 them ; or at night going to bed, three or four ; are almost spoiled by this ; you shall find 
 hours after supper. !a hard crust at top with little holes in it, 
 
 CHAPTER vn. l as though worms had been eating there. 
 
 Of Conserves. CHAPTER viii 
 
 1. The way of making conserves is two- i QJ- Present*. 
 
 fold, one of herbs and flowers, and the other | 
 of fruits ! OF Preserves arc sundry sorts, and the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 207 
 
 operation of all being somewhat different, j you cut it into it, and let it remain until 
 
 we. will handle them all apart. These are j you have occasion to use it. 
 
 preserved with sugar ; 3. Roots are thus preserved ; First, Scrape 
 
 1. Flowers. 3. Roots. i them very clean, and cleanse them frdm the 
 
 2. Fruits. 4. Barks. I pith, if they have any, for some roots have 
 1. Flowers are very seldom preserved ;; not, as Eringo and the like; Boil them in 
 
 1 never saw any that I remember, save: water till they be soft, as we shewed you 
 only cowslip flowers, and that was a great * before in the fruits ; then boil the water you 
 fashion in Sussex when I was a boy. It is j boiled the root in into a syrup, as we shewed 
 thus done, Take a flat glass, we call them * you before ; then keep the root whole in the 
 jat glasses ; strew on a laying of fine sugar, * syrup till you use them, 
 on that a laying of flowers, and on that t 4. As for barks, we have but few come 
 another laying of sugar, on that another ; to our hands to be done, and of those the 
 laying of flowers, so do till your glass be | few that I can remember, are, oranges, 
 full ; then tie it over with a paper, and in {lemons, citrons, and the outer bark of wal- 
 a little time, you shall have very excellent j nuts, which grow without side the shell, 
 and pleasant preserves. jfor the shells themselves would make but 
 
 There is another way of preserving | scurvy preserves ; these be they I can re- 
 flowers ; namely, with vinegar and salt, { member, if there beany more put them 
 as they pickle capers and broom-buds ; but? into the number. 
 
 as I have little skill in it myself, I cannot 
 teach you. 
 
 2 Fruits, as quinces, and the like, are 
 preserved two ways ; 
 
 (1.) Boil them well in water, and then 
 
 The way of preserving these, is not all 
 one in authors, for some aie bitter, some are 
 hot; such as are bitter, say authors, must 
 be soaked in warm water, oftentimes chang- 
 ing till their bitter taste be fled ; But I like 
 
 pulp them through a sieve, as we shewed not this way and my reason is this ; Because 
 you before; then with the like quantity of j I doubt when their bitterness is gone, so is 
 sugar, boil the water they were boiled in! their virtue also ; I shall then prescribe one 
 into a syrup, viz. a pound of sugar to a pint {common way, namely, the same with the 
 
 of liquor ; to every pound of this syrup, 
 add four ounces of the pulp ; then boil it 
 
 former, viz. First, boll them whole till they 
 be soft, then make a syrup with sugar and 
 
 with a very gentle fire to their right con- (the liquor you boil them in, and keep the 
 sistence, which you may easily know if you i barks in the syrup. 
 
 drop a drop of it upon a trencher ; if iti 5. They are kept in glasses or in glaz'd pots. 
 l>e enough, it will not stick to your fingers! 6. The preserved flowers will keep a year, 
 when it is cold. 1 if you can forbear eating of them ; the 
 
 (2.) Another way to preserve fruits is! roots and barks much longer, 
 this; First, Pare off the rind; then cut: 7- This art was plainly and first invented 
 
 them in halves, and take out the core: then 
 noil them in water till they are soft ; if you 
 Know when beef is boiled enough, you may 
 easily know when they are ; Then boil the 
 water with its like weight of sugar into a 
 
 for delicacy, yet came afterwards to be of 
 excellent use in physic ; For, 
 
 (1.) Hereby medicines are made pleasant 
 for sick and squeamish stomachs, which 
 else would loath them. 
 
 \vrup; put the syrup into a pot, and put j (2.) Hereby they are preserved from de- 
 ihe boiled fruit as whole as you left it when 'caying a long time 
 
 3 K 
 
208 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Of Lohocks. 
 
 1. THAT which the Arabians call Lo- 
 hocks, and the Greeks Eclegma, the Latins> 
 ca/1 Linctus, and in plain English signifies 
 nothing else but a thing to be licked up. 
 
 2. They are in body thicker than 
 
 mean, not the mortar,) cover it with a 
 paper and set it either in the sun, or some 
 other warm place ; three, four, or five days, 
 that it may melt ; then take it out and boil 
 it a little ; then whilst it is hot, strain it oui, 
 pressing it out very hard in a press : to this 
 grease add as many more herbs bruised as 
 before ; let them stand in like manner as 
 long, then boil them as you did the former; 
 
 syrup, and not so thick as an electuary. \ If you think your ointment is not strong 
 
 3. The manner of taking them is, often to : enough, you may do it the third and fourth 
 take a little with a liquorice stick, and let it j time yet this I will tell you, the fuller of 
 go down at leisure. !j mce * ne herbs are, the sooner will your 
 
 4. They are easily thus made; Make \ ointment be strong; the last time you boil 
 a decoction of pectoral herbs, and thetrea-jit, boil it so long till your herbs be crisp, 
 tise will furnish you with enough, and when j and the juice consumed, then strain it 
 you have strained it, with twice its weight * pressing it hard in a press, and to every 
 of honey or sugar, boil it to a lohock ; if j pound of ointment add two ounces of tur- 
 you are molested with much phlegm, honey { pentine, and as much wax, because grease 
 is better than sugar ; and if you add a little; is offensive to wounds, as well as oil. 
 vinegar to it, you will do well ; if not, I hold | 2. Ointments are vulgarly known to be 
 sugar to be better than honey. j kept in pots, and will last above a year, 
 
 5. It is kept in pots, and may be kept a j some above two years, 
 year and longer. 
 
 6. It is excellent for roughness of the j 
 
 wind-pipe, inflammations and ulcers of the j Qf Piaisters. 
 
 lungs,difficulty of breathing,asthmas,coughs, \ 
 
 and distillation of humours. .1- THE Greeks made their plaisters of 
 
 | divers simples, and put metals into the most 
 en AFTER x I o f them, if not all ; for having reduced their 
 
 /\f /-v , 1 metals into powder, they mixed them with 
 
 Of Ointments, rv. , J 
 
 \ that ratty substance whereof the rest or the 
 
 I. VARIOUS are the ways of making! plaisler consisted, whilst it was thus hot, 
 ointments, which authors have left to pos-j continually stirring it up and down, lest it 
 terity, which I shall omit, and quote one > should sink to the bottom; so they con- 
 which is easiest to be made, and therefore j tinually stirred it till it was stiff; then they 
 most beneficial to people that are ignorant | made it up in rolls, which when they needed 
 
 in physic, for whose sake I write this. It is 
 thus done. 
 
 Bruise those herbs, flowers, or roots, you 
 
 for use, they could melt by the fire again. 
 
 2. The Arabians made up theirs with 
 oil and fat, which needed not so long 
 
 1J1 UJOV mv^uv*. UVI -/^j 11\/ V^l Oj \fl 1 VJW L.TJ J \f*M \Jll dll VI 
 
 will make an ointment of, and to two hand-} boiling, 
 fuls of your bruised herbs add a pound ofl 3. The Greeks emplaisters consisted of 
 hog's grease dried, or cleansed from the; these ingredients, metals, stones, divers 
 skins, beat them very well together in assorts of earth, feces, juices, liquors, seeds, 
 stone mortar with a wooden pestle, then putf roots, herbs, excrements of creatures, wax, 
 it into a stone pot, (the herb and grease I 1 rosin, gums. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 209 
 
 ! stomach is never cold till a man be dead ; 
 in such a case, it is better to carry troches 
 
 Of Poultices. 
 1. POULTICES are those kind of things 
 
 of wormwood, or galangal, in a paper in 
 his pocket, than to lay a gallipot along with 
 
 him. 
 which the Latin; .call Cataplasmata :, and our \ 4 Th are madethus; At ni ht when 
 
 learned fellows, thatif they can read English, | ^ M take two dramg rf ^ 
 
 thats all call them Cataplasms because ( * anth . t it int o a gallipot, and put 
 tis a crabbed word few understand; it is in- , f . j; ot :/L. 
 
 deed a very fine kind of medicine to ripen 
 
 sores. 
 
 2, They are made of herbs and roots, 
 fitted for the disease, and members afflicted, 
 
 half a quarter of a pint of any distilled 
 water fitting for the purpose you would 
 make your troches for to cover it, and the 
 next morning you shall find it in such a 
 
 jelly as the physicians call mucilage ; With 
 being chopped small, and boiled m water j [^ m P a / (with a little pa 8 taken) 
 
 almost to a jelly ; then by adding a htt e I mak / a ow / er \ nto a t ^ that ' 
 barley meai or meal of lupins and a httle| into ^ ca]]ed troch ^ s 
 oil, or rough sweet suet, which I hold to be| 5 Havi made th d them in the 
 better, spread upon a cloth and apply to | shad and \ them in for your 
 the grieved places. \ 
 
 3. Their use is to ease pain, to break 5 
 
 sores, to cool inflammations, to dissolve j CHAPTJBRXIV. 
 
 hardness, to ease the spleen, to concoct > r\f p:ji s 
 
 fiumours, and dissipate swellings. 
 
 4. I beseech you take this caution along \ 1- THEY are called Pilula, because they 
 with you; Use no poultices (if you can | resemble little balls ; the Greeks call them 
 help it) that are of an healing nature, before j Catapotia. 
 
 vou have first cleansed the body, because \ 2. It is the opinion of modern physicians, 
 ihey are subject to draw the humours to that this way of making medicines, was 
 
 ** 11 1*1 11 
 
 them from every part of the body. 
 
 invented only to deceive the palate, that 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 so by swallowing them down whole, the 
 \ bitterness of the medicine might not be 
 
 Of Troches \ P erce i ve( ^ or at ^ east ' l might not be unsuf- 
 
 | ferable : and indeed most of their pills, 
 
 1. THE Latins call them Placentula, or {though not all, are very bitter. 
 
 little cakes, and the Greeks Prochikois,\ 3. I am of a clean contrary opinion to 
 Kukliscoi) and Arliscoi ; they are usually j this. I rather think they were done up in 
 little round flat cakes, or you may make] this hard form, that so they might be the 
 them square if you will. j longer in digesting; and my opinion is 
 
 2. Their first invention was, that powders j grounded upon reason too, not upon fancy 
 being so kept might resist the intermission : or hearsay. The first invention of pills was 
 of air, and so endure pure the longer. -to purge the head, now, as I told you 
 
 3. Besides, they are easier carried in the \ before, such infirmities as lie near the pas- 
 pockets of such as travel ; as many a man sages were best removed by decoctions, 
 (for example) is forced to travel whose j because they pass to the grieved par* 
 8ionmch is too cold, or at least not so hot as | soonest ; so here, if the infirmity lies in the 
 ii should be, which is most proper, for the i head, or any other remote part, the best w&y 
 
210 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 is to use pills, because they are longer in j 1. With the disease, regard the cause, 
 digestion, and therefore the better able to land the part of the body afflicted; for 
 call the offending humour to them. ; example, suppose a woman be subject to 
 
 4 If 1 should tell you here a long tale of! miscarry, through wind, thus do ; 
 medicine working by sympathy and anti-j (1.) Look Abortion in the table of dis- 
 pathy, you would not understand a word of leases, and you shall DC directed by that, 
 it : They that are set to make physicians | how many herbs prevent miscarriage, 
 may find it in the treatise. All modern j (2.) Look Wind in the same table, and 
 physicians know not what belongs to a I you shall see how many of these herbs ey 
 sympalhetical cure, no more than a cuckow pel wind. 
 
 what belongs to flats and sharps in music, These are the herbs medicinal for youi 
 but follow the vulgar road, and call it a j grief, 
 hidden quality, because 'tis hidden from the | 2. In all diseases strengthen the part of 
 
 eyes of dunces, and indeed none but astro- 
 logers can give a reason for it ; and physic 
 without reason is like a pudding without 
 
 lat. 
 
 6. The way to make pills is very easy, 
 for with the help of a pestle and mortar, 
 
 the body afflicted. 
 
 3. In mix'd diseases there lies some dif- 
 ficulty, for sometimes two parts of the body 
 are afflicted with contrary humours, as 
 sometimes the liver is afflicted with choler 
 and water, as when a man hath both the 
 
 and a little diligence, you may make any > dropsy and the yellow-jaundice ; and this 
 
 powder into piils, either with syrup, or thesis usually mortal. 
 
 jelly I told you before. \ In the former, Suppose the brain be too 
 
 * cool and moist, and the liver be too hot and 
 
 C-IIArlJ^ivAV. \ 
 
 .. Ulry ; thus do ; 
 
 The way of mumg Medicines according to\ L K head outward i y W arm. 
 
 the Came of the Disease, and Parts of the j 2 Accustom yourself to the smell of hot 
 Body afflicted | herbs> 
 
 THIS being indeed the key of the work, j 3. Take a pill that heats the head at night 
 I shall be somewhat the more diligent in {going to bed. 
 it. I shall deliver myself thus ; \ 4. In the morning take a decoction that 
 
 1. To the Vulgar. I cools the liver, for that quickly passes the 
 
 2. To such as study Astrology; or such j stomach, and is at the liver immediately, 
 as study physic astrologically. \ You must not think, courteous people, 
 
 1st, To the Vulgar. Kind souls, I am I that I can spend time to give you examples 
 sorry it hath been your hard mishap to have j of all diseases ; These are enough to let you 
 been so long trained in such Egyptian dark- {see so much light as you without art are 
 ness which to your sorrow may be fell ;\ able to receive; If I should set you to look 
 The vulgar road of physic is not my prac-latthe sun, I should dazzle your eyes, and 
 tice, and I am therefore the more unfit to 5 make you blind. 
 
 give you advice. I have now published j 2dly, To such as study Astrology, (who 
 a little book, (GakrisArt of Physic,) which tare the only men I know that are fit to 
 will fully instruct you, not only in the I study physic, physic without astrology being 
 knowledge of your own bodies, but also in hike a lamp without oil : you are the men 
 Ot medicines to remedy each part of it i I exceedingly respect, and such documents 
 when afflicted ; in the mean season take | as my brain can give you at present (being 
 
 * absent from my study) I shall give you. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 211 
 
 L Fortify the body with herbs of the: 5. If this cannot well be, make use of the 
 nature of the Lord of the Ascendant, 'tis no : medicines of the Light of Time 
 matter whether he be a Fortune or Infortune | 6. Be sure always to fortify the grieved 
 in this case. i part of the body by sympathetical remedies. 
 
 2. Let your medicine be something anti-j 7- Regard the heart, keep that upon the 
 pathetical to the Lord of the sixth. j wheels, because the Sun is the foundation of 
 
 3. Let your medicine be something of \ life, and therefore those universal remedies, 
 the nature of the sign ascending. \Aurum Potabile, and the Philosopher's 
 
 4. If the Lord of the Tenth be strong, j Stone, cure all diseases by fortifying the 
 make use of his medicines. j heart. 
 
 THE 
 
 ENGLISH PHYSICIAN 
 
 AND 
 
 FAMILY DIPENSATORY. 
 
 AN ASTROLOGO-PIIYSICAL DISCOURSE OF THE HUMAN VIRTUES IN 
 THE BODY OF MAN; BOTH PRINCIPAL AND ADMINISTERING. 
 
 HUMAN virtues are either PRINCIPAL! TH ? sc P e f this d j 8C ? urse is,To pre- 
 fer procreation, and conservation; or AD J serve in soundness and vigour, the mind 
 nrNisxRiNG, for Attraction, p-^ and underetandiog ^ mra ; to stren^en 
 Retention, or Expulsion. 5 the brain ' preserve the body in health, to 
 
 ; teach a man to be an able co-artificer, or 
 
 Virtues conservative, are Vital, Natural, ! helper of nature, to withstand and expel 
 and Animal. i Diseases. 
 
 By the natural are bred Blood, Choler, 
 Flegm, and Melancholy. 
 The animal virtue is Intellective, and Sen- 
 
 I shall touch only the principal faculties 
 both of body and mind ; which being kept 
 in a due decorum, preserve the body in 
 
 sitivr. I health, and the mind in vigour. 
 
 The Intellective is Imagination, Judgment, I I shall in this place speak of them only 
 
 and Memory. jin the general, as they are laid down to 
 
 The sensitive is Common, and Particular. your view in the Synopsis, in the former 
 The particular is Seeing, Hearing, Smell-' pages, and in the same order. 
 
 ing, Tasting, and Feeling. Virtue Procreatme ] The first in order, is 
 
 3 i 
 
212 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 the Virtue Procreative : for natural regards > Choler is made of meat more than per- 
 nol only the conservation of itself, butto|fectly concocted; and it is the spume or 
 beget its like, and conserve in Species. \ frotli of blood : it clarifies all the humours, 
 
 The seat of this is the Member of Gene- i heats the body, nourishes the apprehension, 
 ration, and is governed principally by the j as blood doth the judgment: It is in quality 
 influence of Venus. {hot and dry; fortifies the attractive faculty, 
 
 It is augmented and encreased by the \ as blood doth the digestive ; moves man to 
 strength of Venus, by her Herbs, Roots, j activity and valour: its receptacle is the 
 Trees, Minerals, &c. jg a M> anQl ^ ls under the influence of Mar*. 
 
 It is diminished and purged by those of \ Flegm is made of meat not perfectly di- 
 Mars, and quite extinguished by those of; gested; it fortifiesthe virtue expulsive, makes 
 Saturn. i the body slippery, fit for ejection ; it fortifies 
 
 Obser ve the hour and Medicines of Venus, \ the brain by its consimilitude with it ; ye* 
 to fortify; of Mars, to cleanse this virtue;; it spoils apprehension by its antipathy toil: 
 of Saturn, to extinguish it. [It qualifies choler, cools and moistens the 
 
 Conservative.'] The conservative virtue is j heart, thereby sustaining it, and the whole 
 Vital, Natural, Animal. j body, from the fiery effects, which continual 
 
 Vital.'] The Vital spirit hath its residence j motion would produce. Its receptacle is 
 in the heart, and is dispersed from it by the j the lungs, and is governed by Venus, some 
 Arteries ; and is governed by the influence say by the Moon, perhaps it may be go- 
 of the Sun. And it is to the body, as the | verned by them both, it is cold and moist in 
 Sun is to the Creation ; as the heart is in i quality. 
 
 the Microcosm, so is the Sun in the Mega- \ Melancholy is the sediment of blood, cold 
 cosm: for as the Sun gives life, light, and j and dry in quality, fortifying the retentive 
 motion to the Creation, so doth the heart to 5 faculty, and memory; makes men sobei, 
 the body; therefore it is called Sol Corporis, j solid, and staid, fit for stud} 7 ; stays the un- 
 as the Sun is called CorCodi, because their! bridled toys of lustful blood, stays the wan- 
 operations are similar. : dering thoughts, and reduces them home to 
 
 Inimical and destructive to this virtue, ! the centre : its receptacle is in the spleen, 
 are Saturn and Mars. . and it is governed by Saturn. 
 
 The Herbs and Plants of Sol, wonderfully : Of all these humours blood is the chief, 
 fortify it. jail the rest are superfluities of blood ; yet 
 
 Natural.^ The natural faculty or virtue! are they necessary superfluities, for without 
 resides in the liver,and is generally governed > any of them, man cannot live. 
 by Jupiter, Quasi Juvans Pater ; its office is Namely; Choler is the fiery superfluities, 
 to nourish the body, and is dispersed through i Flegm, the Watery; Melancholy, the 
 the body by the veins. j Earthly. 
 
 From this are bred, four particular j Animal.'] The third principal virtue re- 
 humours, Blood, Choler, Flegm, and Melon- j mains, which is Animal ; its residence is in 
 choly. \ the brain, and Mercury is the general sig- 
 
 Blood is made of meat perfectly con-: nificator of it. Ptolomi/ held the Moon sig- 
 cocted, in quality hot and moist, governed \ nified the Animal virtue; and I am or 
 by Jupiter: It is by a third concoction ; opinion, both Mercury and the Moon dis- 
 transmuted into flesh, the superfluity of it: pose it; and my reason is, 1, Because both 
 into seed, and its receptacle is the veins, by j oftheminnativities,eitherfortify,orimpedite 
 which it is dispersed through the body. * it. 2, 111 directions to either, or froiii eithe 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 218 
 
 afflict it, as good ones help it. Indeed the 
 Moon rules the bulk of it, as also the sensi- 
 tive part of it : Mercury the rational part : 
 
 So that it is one of the surest rules to 
 know a man's own complexion, by hia 
 dreams, I mean a n an void of distractions, 
 
 and that's the reason, if in a nativity the j or deep studies : (this most assuredly shews 
 Moon be stronger than Mercury, sense many \ Mercury to dispose of the Imagination, as 
 times over-powers reason; but if Mercury \ also because it is mutable, applying itself to 
 be strong, and the Moon weak, reason will j any object, as Mercury's nature is to do;) for 
 be master ordinarily in despite of sense. j then the imagination will follow its old bent; 
 
 It is divided into Intellective, and Sen- j for if a man be bent upon a business, his 
 sitive. : apprehension will work as much when he is 
 
 1. Intellective.'] The Intellectual resides j asleep, and find out as many truths by study, 
 in the brain, within the Pia mater, is govern- | as when the man is awake; and perhaps 
 ed generally by Mercury. \ more too, because then it is not hindered 
 
 It is divided into Imagination, Judgment, j by ocular objects, 
 and Memory. And thus much for imagination, which is 
 
 Imagination is seated in the forepart of 
 the brain ; it is hot and dry in quality, 
 
 governed by Mercury, and fortified by his 
 influence ; and is also strong or weak in 
 
 quick, active, always working ; it receives \ man, according as Mercury is strong or 
 vapours from the heart, and coins them into i weak in the nativity. 
 
 thoughts : it never sleeps, but always is 
 
 Judgment is seated in the midst of th 
 
 working, both when the man is sleeping and i! brain, to shew that it ought to bear rule ovei 
 waking; only when Judgment is awake it jail the other faculties: it is the judge of the 
 regulates the Imagination, which runs at { little world, to approve of what is good, 
 random when Judgment is asleep, and forms | and reject what is bad; it is the seat of 
 any thought according to the nature of the j reason, and the guide of actions; so that all 
 vapour sent up to it. Mercury is out of; failings are committed through its infirmity, 
 question the disposer of it. j it not rightly judging between a real and 
 
 A man may easily perceive his Judg-jan apparent good. It is hot and moist 
 ment asleep before himself many times, and Jin quality, and under the influence of 
 then he shall perceive his thoughts run all Jupiter. 
 
 Memory is seated in the hinder cell of the 
 brain, it is the great register to the little 
 
 random. 
 
 Judgment always sleeps when men do, i 
 
 Imagination never sleeps; Memory some- j world ; and its office is to record things 
 times sleeps when men sleep, and sometimes j either done and past, or to be done, 
 it doth not: so then when memory is awake, i It is in quality cold and dry, melancholic, 
 and the man asleep, then memory remem- 1 and therefore generally melancholic men 
 bers what apprehension coins, and that is a i have best memories, and most cenacious 
 dream: The thoughts would have been the! every way. It is under the dominion of 
 same, if memory had not been awake to re-i Saturn, and is fortified by his influence, but 
 member it. | purged by the luminaries. 
 
 These thoughts are commonly (I mean in | 2. Sensitive.'] The second part of the ani- 
 sleep, when they are purely natural,) framed 1 mal virtue, is sensitive, and it is divided into 
 according to the nature of the humour, t two parts, common and particular, 
 called complexion, which is predominate in j Common sense is an imaginary term, 
 the body; and if the humour be peccant it j and that which gives virtue to all the par- 
 
 jticular senses, and knits and unites them 
 
214 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 together within the Pia Mater. It is regu- j It is under the dominion of Venus, some say. 
 lated by Mercury, (perhaps this is one rea- 1 Mercury : A thousand to one, but it is 
 son why men are so fickle-headed) and its I under Mercury. 
 
 office is to preserve a harmony among the 
 
 Ine tour ADMINISTERING VIRTUES are* 
 
 scllsea. . , , . 
 
 Particular senses are five, mz. seeing,\ attract > digestive, retentive, and expulsive^ 
 hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling. The attractive virtue is hot and dry, hot 
 
 These senses are united in one, in the j by quality, active, or principal, and that 
 brain, by the common sense, but are ope- 1 appears because the fountain of all heat is 
 ralively distinguished into their several : attractive, viz. the sun. Dry by a quality 
 seats, and places of residence. i passive, or an effect of its heat ; its office 
 
 The sight resides in the eyes, and par- j is to remain in the body, and call for what 
 ticularly in the christaline humour. It is ; nature wants. 
 
 in quality cold and moist, and governed by j It is under the influence of the Sun, say 
 the luminaries. They who have them weak | authors, and not under Mars, because he ij 
 in their genesis, have always weak sights;! of a corrupting nature, yet if we cast an 
 if one of them be so, the weakness pos- i impartial eye upon experience, we shall 
 sesses but one eye. \ find, that martial men call for meat none of 
 
 The hearing resides in the ears; is in j the least, and for drink the most of all other 
 quality, cold and dry, melancholy, and { men, although many times they corrupt the 
 under the dominion of Saturn. \ body by it, and therefore I see no reason 
 
 The smelling resides in the nose, is in j why Mars being of the same quality with 
 quality hot and dry, choleric, and that is \ the Sun, should not have a share in the 
 the reason choleric creatures have so good j dominion. It is in vain to object, that the 
 smells, as dogs. It is under the influence j influence of Mars is evil, and therefore he 
 of Mars. \ should have no dominion over this virtue ; 
 
 The taste resides in the palate, which is i for then, 
 
 placed at the root of the tongue on pur pose j 1. By the same rule, he should have no 
 to discern what food is congruous for the {dominion at all in the body of man. 
 stomach, and what not ; as the meseraik I 2. All the virtues in man are naturally 
 veins are placed to discern what nourish- $ evil, and corrupted by Adam's fall, 
 inent is proper for the liver to convert into: This attractive virtue ought to be forti- 
 blood. In some very few men, and butlfied when the Moon is in fiery signs, viz. 
 a few, and in those few, but in few instances : Aries and Sagitary, but not in Leo, for the 
 these two tasters agree not, and that is the i sign is so violent, that no physic ought to 
 reason some men covet meats that make j be given when the Moon is there : (and 
 them sick, viz. the taste craves them, and I why not Leo, seeing that is the most attrac- 
 the meseraik veins reject them : In quality : live sign of all ; and that's the reason such 
 hot and moist, and is ruled by Jupiter. jas have it ascending in their genesis, are 
 
 The feeling is deputed to no particular \ such greedy eaters.) If you connot stay till 
 jrgan, but is spread abroad, over the whole! the Moon be in one of them, let one of them 
 body ; is of all qualities, hot, cold, dry, and {ascend when you administer the medicine, 
 moist, and is the index of all tangible' The digestive virtue is hot and moist, and 
 things; for if it were only hot alone, it? is the principal of them all, the other like 
 could not feel a quality contrary, viz. cold, 'handmaids attend it. 
 and this might be spoken of other qualities. J The attractive virtue draws that whi 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 215 
 
 should digest, and serves continually to feed Although I did what I could throughout 
 and supply it. \the whole book to express myself in such a 
 
 The retentive virtue, retains the substance ; language as might be understood by a//, and 
 with it, till it be perfectly digested. \therefore avoided terms of art as much as 
 
 The expulsive virtue casteth out, expels \mightbe, Yet, 1. Some words of necessity fall 
 what is superfluous by digestion. It is \ in which need explanation. 2. It would be 
 under the influence of Jupiter, and fortified : very tedious at the end of every receipt to repeat 
 by his herbs and plants, #c. In fortifying jooer and over again, the way of administration 
 it. let your Moon be in Gemini, Aquary, or \ofthe receipt, or ordering your bodies after zY, 
 the first half of Libra, or if matters be come : or to instruct you in the mixture of medicines, 
 
 to that extremity, that you cannot stay till 
 that time, let one of them ascend, but both 
 
 and indeed would do nothing else but stuff the 
 book full of tautology. 
 
 of them together would do better, always \ To answer to both these is my task at this 
 
 provided that the Moon be not in the as- j time. 
 
 cendent. I cannot believe the Moon afflicts j To the first : The words which need eX' 
 
 the ascendent so much as they talk of, if \plaining, such as are obvious to my eye, are 
 
 she be well dignified, and in a sign she : these, thatfollaw. 
 
 delights in. 1. To distil in Balno Mariae, is the usual 
 
 The retentive virtue is in quality cold and \way of distilling in water. It is no more than 
 dry ; cold, because the nature of cold is to i to place your glass body which holds the matter 
 compress, witness the ice ; dry, because the ; to be distilled in a covenient vessel of water, 
 nature of dry ness, is to keep and hold whatl^en the water is cold (for fear of breaking) 
 is compressed. It is under the influence of \put a wisp of straw, or the like under is, to keep 
 Saturn, and that is the reason why usually I it from the bottom, then make the water boil t 
 Saturnine men are so covetous and tenaci- ! that so the spirit may be distilled forth ; take 
 ous. In fortifying of it, make use of the I not the glass out till the water be cold again, 
 herbs and plants, &c. of Saturn, and let the Ifor fear of breaking r It is impossible for a 
 Moon be inTaz/rusor Virgo, Capricorn is not | man to learn how to do it, unless he saw it 
 so good, say authors, (I can give no reason I done. 
 
 for that neither ;) let not Saturn nor his ill i 2. Monica Hippocrates, Hi ppocrales's 
 aspect molest the ascendent. j sleeve, is a piece of woolen cloth, new and 
 
 The expulsive faculty is cold and moist; j while, sewed together in form of a sugar-loaf, 
 cold because that compasses the super- > Its use is, to strain any syrup or decoction 
 fluities ; rnoist, because that makes the body i through, by pouring it into it, and suffering 
 slippery and fit for ejection, and disposes it j it to run through without pressing or crush- 
 to it. It is under the dominion of Luna, jing it. 
 with whom you may join Yerus, because \ 3. Calcination, is a burning of a thing in 
 
 she is of the same nature. 
 
 Also in whatsoever is before written, of 
 
 a crucible or other such convenient vessel 
 that will endure the fire. A crucible is such 
 
 .he nature of the planets, take notice, that j a thing as goldsmiths melt silver in, and 
 fixed stars of the same nature, work the! founders metals ; you may place it in the 
 same effect. : midst of the fire, with coals above, below, 
 
 In fortifying this, (which ought to be j and on every side of it. 
 
 done in all purgations,) let the Moon be in I 4. Filtrition, is straining of a liquid body 
 Cancer, Scorpio, or Pisces, or let one of these | through a brown paper : make up the paper 
 sicrs ascend. \ in form of a funnel, the which having placed 
 
216 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 in a funnel, and the funnel and the paper! so medicines might be more delightful, or at 
 in it in an empty glass, pour in the liquor; least less burdensome. You may make the 
 you would filter, and let it run through at its ; mixtures of them in what form you please, 
 leisure. I only for your better instruction at present, 
 
 5. Coagulation, is curdling or hardening : i accept of these few lines. 
 
 it is used in physic for reducing a liquid j 1. Consider, that all diseases are cured by 
 body to hardness by the heat of the fire. \ their contraries, but all parts of the body 
 
 6. Whereas you find vital, natural, and j maintained by their likes: then if heat be 
 animal spirits often mentioned in the virtues \ the cause of the disease, give the cold medi- 
 or receipts, I shall explain what they be, j cine appropriated to it; if wind, see how 
 and what their operation is in the body of! many medicines appropriated to that disease 
 man. j ex pel wind, and use them. 
 
 The actions or operations of the animal 2. Have a care you use not such medi- 
 virtues, are, 1. sensitive, 2. motive. seines to one part of your body which are 
 
 The sensitive is, 1. external) 2. internal, {appropriated to another, for if your brain 
 The external senses are, 1, seeing, 2. hear-] be over heated, and you use such medicines 
 ing, 3. tasting, 4. smelling, 5. feeling. )as cool the heart or liver, you may make 
 
 The internal senses are, I. the Imagination, 
 to apprehend a thing. 2. Judgment, to judge 
 
 bad work. 
 
 3. The distilled water of any herb you 
 
 of it. 3. Memory, to remember it. * would take for a disease, is a fit mixture 
 
 The seat of all these is in the brain. 5 for the syrup of the same herb, or to make 
 
 The vital spirits proceed from the heart, ? any electuary into a drink, if you affect 
 and cause in man mirth, joy, hope, trust, j such liquid medicines best ; if you have not 
 humanity, mildness, courage, fyc. and their j the distilled water, make use of the decoc- 
 opposite : viz. sadness, fear, care, sorrow, \ tion. 
 
 despair, envy, hatred, stubbornness, revenge, fyc. \ 4. Diseases that lie in the parts of the 
 by heat natural or not natural. j body remote from the stomach and bowels, 
 
 The natural spirit nourishes the body \ it is in vain to think to carry away the cause 
 throughout (as the vital quickens it, and the j at once, and therefore you had best do it by 
 animal gives it sense and motion) its office \ degrees; pills,and such like medicines which 
 is to alter or concoct food into chile, chile are hard in the body, are fittest for such a 
 into blood, blood into flesh, to form, engen- 1 business, because they are longest before 
 der, nourish, and increase the body. j they digest. 
 
 7- Infusion, is to steep a gross body into! 5. Use no strong medicines, if weak will 
 one more liquid. I serve the turn, you had better take one too 
 
 8. Decoction, is the liquor in which any ; weak by half, than too strong in the least, 
 thing is boiled. 6. Consider the natural temper of the part 
 
 As for the manner of using or ordering; of the body afflicted, and maintain it in that, 
 the body after any sweating, or purging else you extinguish nature, as the heart is 
 medicines, or pills, or the like, they will be j hot, the brain cold, or at least the coldest 
 found in different parts of the work, as also j part of the body. 
 in the next page. 7- Observe this general rule; That such 
 
 The different forms of making up medi-j medicines as arc hot in the first degree are 
 cines, as some into syrups, others into elec- j most habitual to our bodies, because they 
 luaries, pills, troches, &c. was partly to j are just of the heat of our blood, 
 please the diiferent palates of people, that ! 8. All opening medicines, and such as 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 2)7 
 
 provoke urine or the menses, or break the j electuaries, as also all pills that have neither 
 stone, may most conveniently be given in i Diagrydium nor Colocynthus, in them. But 
 white wine, because white wine of itself is 1 all violent purges require a due ordering of 
 of an opening nature, and cleanses the \ the body ; such ought to be taken in ihe 
 reins. I morning after you are up, and not to sleep 
 
 9. Let all such medicines as are taken j after them before they are done working, at 
 to stop fluxes or looseness, be taken before} least before night: two hours after you have 
 meat, about an hour before, more or less, j taken them, drink a draught of warm posset, 
 that so they may strengthen the digestion \ drink, or broth, and six hours after eat 
 and retentive faculty, before the food come j bit of mutton, often walking about the 
 into the stomach, but such as are subject to 5 chamber ; let there be a good fire in the 
 vomit up their meat, let them take such \ chamber, and stir not out of the chamber 
 medicines as stay vomiting presently after I till the purge have done working, or not till 
 meat, at the conclusion of their meals, that i next day. 
 
 so they may close up the mouth of the 
 
 Lastly, Take sweating medicines when 
 
 stomach ; and that is the reason why usually * you are in bed, covered warm, and in the 
 men eat a bit of cheese after meat, because j time of your sweating drink posset-drink as 
 by its sourness and binding it closes the j hot as you can. If you sweat for a fever, boil 
 mouth of the stomach, thereby staying i sorrel and red sage in your posset-drink, 
 belching and vomiting. I sweat an hour or longer if your strength will 
 
 10. In taking purges be very careful, and j permit, then (the chamber being kept very 
 that you may be so, observe these rules. \ warm) shift yourself all but your head, about 
 
 (1.) Consider what the humour offending \ which (the cap which you sweat in being 
 is, and let the medicine be such as purges j still kept on) wrap a napkin very hot, to 
 that humour, else you will weaken nature, > repel the vapours back, 
 not the disease. I confess these, or many of these direc- 
 
 (2.) Take notice, if the humour you would | tions may be found in one place of the 
 purge out be thin, then gentle medicines will \ book or other, and I delight as little to write 
 serve the turn, but if it be tough and viscous, > tautology as another, but considering it 
 then such medicines as are cutting and i might make for the public good, I inserted 
 opening, the night before you Avould take j them in this place : if, notwithstanding, any 
 the purge. i will be so mad as to do themselves a mis- 
 
 (3.) In purging tough humours, forbear as i chief, the fault is not mine 
 much as may be such medicines as leave aj 
 binding quality behind them. 
 
 (4.) Have a care of taking purges when j 
 
 your body is astringent ; your best way, is': ROOTS, 
 
 first to open it by a clyster. 
 
 (5.) In taking opening medicines, yon- Acanths, Branca Ursinee. Of bearsbreech, 
 may safely take them at night, eating but > or brankursine, it is meanly hot and dry, 
 a little supper three or four hours before, j helps aches and numness of the joints, and is 
 and the next morning drinking a draught of; of a binding quality, good for wounds and 
 warm posset-drink, and you need not fear i broken bones. Dioscorides saith, they are 
 to go about your business. In this manner | profitable for ruptures, or such as are 
 you may take Lenitive Electuary, Diacatho- \bursten, or burnt with fire, a dram of the 
 iicon, Vulp of Cassia, and the like gentle! root in powder being taken in the morning 
 
218 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 fasting in a decoction made with the same 
 
 oot and water. 
 
 vulsions ; both of them resist poison. I 
 never read any use of the climing birth- 
 
 Acori, Veri, Perigrmi, vulgaris, Sfc. See j; wort. 
 Calamus Aromaticus. I shall not speak c"on-| Artanita, Cyclaminis, $c. Or Sowbread ; 
 cerning the several sorts of it, one of which [ hot and dry in the third degree, a most 
 is Water-flag, or Flower-de-luce, which is; violent purge, dangerous; outwardly ap- 
 hot and dry in the second degree, binds, i plied to the place, it profits much in the 
 strengthens, stops fluxesW the belly, and i bitings of venomous beasts, also being hung 
 .immoderate flowing of the menses, a dram about women in labour, it causes speedy 
 eing taken in red wine every morning. | deliverance. See the Herb. 
 
 Allium. Garlic. It is hot and dry in the; Annidinis, Fallanorue, and Saccharines 
 fourth degree, breeds corrupt blood, yet is | Of common reeds and sugar reeds. The 
 an enemy to all poisons, and such as are j roots of common reeds applied to the place 
 bitten by cold venomous beasts, viz. Adders, i draw out thorns, and ease sprains; the 
 Toads, Spiders, &c. it provokes urine, and | ashes of them mixed with vinegar, take 
 expels wind. I scurf, or dandrif off from the head, and 
 
 Alcanna. Of privet. See the leaves. ; prevent the falling off of the hair, they are 
 
 Althtfce. Of Marsh mallows, are meanly j hot and dry in the second degree, according 
 hot, of a digesting, softening nature, ease j to Galen. *J never read any virtue of the 
 pains, help bloody fluxes, the stone, and i root of sugar cane. 
 
 gravel; being bruised and boiled in milk, : Ari, $c. Of Cuckow-points, or "VVake- 
 and the milk drank, is a good remedy for gri- \ Robin, hot and dry in the third degree, 
 pings of the belly, and the bloody flux. If! I know no great good they do inwardly 
 a fever accompany the disease, boil a hand- 1 taken, unless to play the rogue withal, or 
 ful of common mallow leaves with a hand-! make sport: outwardly applied, they take 
 ful of these roots. |off scurf, morphew, or freckles from the 
 
 Angelica. Of Angelica; is hot and dry ? face, clear the skin, and ease the pains 
 in the third degree, strengthens the heart, \ of the gout. 
 
 and is good against pestilence and poison,; Ai>depiadis,vincetosid. Of Swallow-wort, 
 half a dram taken in the morning fasting. : hot and dry, good against poison, and* 
 
 Anchusa. Of Alkanet ; cold and dry, Igripings of the belly, as also against the 
 binding, good for old ulcers. s bitings of mad dogs, taken inwardly. 
 
 Anthorce. A foreign root, the counter- j Asari. Of Asarabacca : the- roots are 
 poison for Monkshood, it is an admirable la safer purge than the leaves, and not so 
 
 remedy for the wind cholic, and resists 
 poison. 
 
 violent, they purge by vomit, stool, and 
 urine ; they are profitable for such as have 
 
 Apii. Ofsmallage. See the barks. { agues, dropsies, stoppings of the liver, or 
 AristolochifB. Of birth wort ; of which are I spleen, green sickness, 
 three sorts, long, round, and climing: All t Asparagi. Of Asparagus, or sperage : 
 hot and dry in the third degree. The long, i they are temperate in quality, opening, 
 oeing drank in wine, brings away both \ they provoke urine, and cleanse the reins 
 birth and after-birth, and whatsoever a care- 1 and bladder, being boiled in while wine, 
 ess midwife luith left behind. Dioscorides, \ and the wine drank. 
 
 Galen. The round, being drank with wine, ! Asphodeli, Hastte Reiga fam. Of King* 
 elps (besides the former) stuffings of the! Spear, or Female Asphodel. I know no 
 uiigs, hardness of the spjeen, ruptures, con- j physical use of Hie roots probably there 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 is, for I do not believe God created any ! in the first degree, cheers the heart, help* 
 thing of no use. | drooping spirits. Dioscorides. 
 
 Asphodeli, Albuci, mitrii. Of male Aspho- { t'Bronitf, fyc. Of Briony both white and 
 del Hot and dry in the second degree, j black : they are both hot and dry, some 
 inwardly taken, they provoke vomit, urine, j say in the third degree, and some say but 
 and the menses: outwardly used in oint- j in the first; they purge flegm and waterv 
 ments, they cause hair to grow, cleanse j humours, but they trouble the stomach 
 ulcers, and take away morphew and freckles ^ much, they are very good for dropsies; 
 from the face. ithe white is most in use, and is good for the 
 
 Bardance, $c. Of Bur, Clot-bur, or Bur- ; fits of the mother : both of them externally 
 dock, temperately hot and dry. Helps ! used, take away freckles, sunburning, and 
 such as spit blood and matter; bruised and i morphew from the face, and cleanse filthy 
 mixed with salt and applied to the place, ; ulcers : It is but a churlish purge, but being 
 helps the bitings of mad clogs. It expels j let alone, can do no harm, 
 wind, eases pains of the teeth, strengthens ; Buglossi. Of Bugloss : Its virtues are 
 the back, helps the running of the reins, j the same with Borragr, and the roots of 
 and the whites, being taken inwardly. $ either seldom used. 
 Dioscorides, Apuleius. ? Bulbus Vomitoriw. A Vomiting Root : 
 
 Behcn. alb. rub. Of Valerian, white and i I never read of it elswhere by this general 
 red. Mesue, Serapio, and other Arabians, t name. 
 
 say they are hot and moist in the latter? Calami Aromatici. Of Aromatical Reed, 
 end of the first, or beginning of the second \ or sweet garden flag: it provokes urine, 
 degree, and comfort the heart, stir up lust, j strengthens the lungs, helps bruises, resists 
 The Grecians held them to be dry in the | poison, &c. being taken inwardly in pow- 
 second degree, that they stop fluxes, andjder, the quantity of half a dram at a time, 
 provoke urine. { You may mix it with syrup of vjolets, if 
 
 Bellidis. Of Dasies. See the Leaves. |your body be feverish. 
 
 Betee, nigrae, alb<e^ rubra. Of Beets, -j Capparum. Capper Roots. Are hot 
 black, white, and red; as for black Beets' and dry in the second degree, cutting and 
 *I have nothing to say, I doubt they are as j cleansing : they provoke menses, help 
 rare a. black swans. The red Beet root I malignant ulcers, ease the toothache, assuage 
 boiled and preserved in vinegar, makes a j swelling, and help the rickets. See Oil of 
 fine, cool, pleasing, cleansing, digesting: Cappers. 
 auce. See the leaves. Cariophillata t fyc. Of Avens, or Herb 
 
 Bistorta, 8rc. Of Bistort, or snakeweed,i Bennet. The roots are dry, and something 
 cold and dry in the third degree, binding : hot, of a cleansing quality, they keep gar- 
 half a d: am at a time taken inwardly, re- 1 ments from being moth-eaten. See the 
 sists pestilence and poison, helps ruptures : leaves. 
 
 and bruises, stays fluxes, vomiting, and \ Caulium. Of Colewort. I know nothing 
 immoderate flowing of the menses, helps in- i the roots are good for, but only to bear the 
 flammations and soreness of the mouth, i herbs and flowers. 
 
 and fastens loose teeth, being bruised and j Centrum majoris. Of Centaury the 
 boiled in white wine, and the mouth washed {Greater. The roots help such as are bur- 
 with it. Isten, suchas spitblood, shrinking of sinews, 
 
 Borraginis. Of Borrage, hot au<l moist | shortness of wind, coughs, convulsions, 
 
 3 t 
 
220 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 cramps: half a dram in powder be-|it opens obstructions of the liver, beino 
 ing taken inwardly, either in muskadel, j boiled in white wine, and the decoctions 
 or in a decoction of the same roots, j drank ; and if chewed in the mouth it helps 
 They are either not at all, or very scarce j the tooth-ache. Celandine the lesser is 
 in England, our centaury is the small cen-jthat which usually we call Pilewort, which 
 tuary. 5 with us is hot in the first degree ; the juice 
 
 CepoK. Of Onions. Are hot and dry j of the root mixed with honey and snuffed 
 (according to Galen) in the fourth degree :j up in the nose, purges the head, helps the 
 they cause dryness, and are extremely hurt- j hemorrhoids or piles being bathed with it, 
 ful for choleric people, they breed but little j as also doth the root only carried about one: 
 nourishment, and that little is naught: they j being made into an ointment, it helps the 
 are bad meat, yet good physic for phleg-j king's evil or Scrophula. 
 matic people, they are opening, and pro-? China, wonderfully extenuates and dries, 
 voke urine and the menses, if cold be the provokes sweat, resists putrefaction; i> 
 cause obstructing : bruised and outwardly j strengthens the liver, helps the dropsy and 
 applied, they cure the bitings of mad dogs, i malignant ulcers, leprosy, itch, and vene- 
 roasted and applied, they help boils, and j real, and is profitable in diseases coming of 
 aposthumes : raw, they take the fire out of | fasting. It is commonly used in diet drinks 
 burnings, but ordinarily eaten, they cause | for the premises. 
 
 headache, spoil the sight, dull the senses,* Cichorii. Of Succory; cool and dry in 
 and fill the body full of wind. > the second degree, strengthens the liver and 
 
 Chameleontis albi nigri, $c. Of Chame-j veins, it opens obstructions, stoppings in the 
 Icon, white and black. Tragus calls the j liver and spleen, being boiled in white wine 
 carline thistle by the name of white chame- j and the decoction drank, 
 icon, the root whereof is hot in the second ' Colchici. Of Meadow Saffron. The 
 degree, and dry in the third, it provokes { roots are held to be hurtful to the stomach, 
 sweat, kills worms, resists pestilence and { therefore I let them alone, 
 poison ; it is given with success in pestilen- i Consolidce, majoris, minoris. Consolida 
 tial fevers, helps the toothache by being j Major, is that which we ordinarily call 
 chewed in the mouth, opens the stoppings jComfry, it is of a cold quality, yet pretty 
 of the liver and spleen, provokes urine, and = temperate, so glutinous, that, according to 
 the menses : give but little of it at a time. \Dioscorides, they will join meat together 
 by reason of its heat. As for the black j that is cut in sunder, if they be boiled with 
 chameleon, all physicians hold it to have} it; it is excellent for all wounds, both iu- 
 a "kind of venomous quality, and unfit to be Sternal and external, for spitting of blood, 
 used inwardly, Galen, Clusius, Nicander, \ ruptures or burstness, pains in the back, it 
 Dioscorides, and Mgiwta. Outwardly in j strengthens the reins, it stops the menses, 
 ointments, it is profitable for scabs, mor-|and helps hemorrhoids. The way to use 
 phew, tetters, &c. and all things that need (them is to boil them in water and drink the 
 cleansing. i decoction. Consolida minor, is that we 
 
 Chelidony majoris, minoris. Of celandine, ; call Self-heal, and the latins Prunella. See 
 the greater and lesser : The greater is that j the herb. 
 
 which we usually call Celandine: the root : Costi ufaMMgMCJ Of Costus both sorts 
 is hot and dry, cleansing and scouring, | being roots coming from beyond sea, hot 
 proper for such as have the yellow jaundice, land dry, break wind, being boiled in oil 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 it \s held to help the gout by anointing the \ the pestilence: it helps the vertigo or 
 grieved place with it. | swimming of the head, is admirable against 
 
 Cucumeris a grestis. Of wild Cucumber ; the bitings of venomous beasts, and such as 
 roots ; they purge flegm, and that with such j have taken too much opium, as also lor 
 violence, that I would advise the country 'lethargies, the juice helps hot rheums in the 
 man that knows not how to correct them, to j eyes ; a scruple of the root in powder is 
 let them alone. j enough to take at one time. 
 
 CinarfE, $c. Of Artichokes. The roots \ Dracontii, Dracunciili. Divers authors 
 purge by urine, whereby the rank savour of 1 attribute divers herbs to this name. It is 
 the body is much amended. j most probable that they mean dragons, 
 
 Cynoglossa, &>c. Of Hounds-tongue, j the roots of which cleanse mightily, and 
 Cold and dry: being roasted and laid to! take away proud, or dead flesh, the very 
 the fundament, helps the hemorrhoids, is ; smell of them is hurtful for pregnant women: 
 
 also good for burnings and scaldings. 
 
 Curcuma. Of Turmerick, hot in the 
 third degree, opens obstructions, is pro6ta- 
 
 outwardly in >pintments, they tak.e away 
 scurf, morphew, and sun-burning ; I would 
 not wish any, unless very well read in physic, 
 
 ble against the yellow jaundice, and cold I to take them inwardly. Matthiolus, Dios- 
 distemper of the liver and spleen, half a j corides. 
 
 dram being taken at night going to bed in ! Ebuli. Of Dwarf Elder, Walwort, or 
 the pulp of a roasted apple, and if you add iDanewort ; hot and dry in the third degree, 
 a little saffron to it, it will be the better by i the roots are as excellent a purge for the 
 far. | dropsy as any under the sun. You may 
 
 Cyperiutriusque, longi, rotundi. Of Cyprus jtake a dram or two drams (if the patient be 
 Grass, or English Galanga, both sorts, long j strong) in white wine at a time, 
 and round : is of a warm nature, provokes; Echij. Of Viper's Bugloss, or wild Bug- 
 urine, breaks the stone, provokes the menses ; J loss. This root is cold and dry, good for such 
 the ashes of them (being burnt) are used for'flfs are bitten by venemous beasts, either being 
 ulcers in the mouth, cankers, &c. boiled in wine and drank, or bruised and applied 
 
 Dauci. Of Carrots. Are moderately $ to the place : being boiled in wine and drank, 
 hot and moist, breed but little nourishment, ) it encreaseth milk in nurses. 
 and are windy. Ellebori, Veratri, albi nigri. Of Helle- 
 
 Dentaria majoris, Sfc. Of Tootlnvort, j bore white and black. The root of white Helle- 
 toothed violets, or corral wort: they are \bore, or sneezewort, being grated and muffed 
 drying, binding, and strengthening; 'Ave\upthe nose, causeth sneezing; kills lots and 
 good to ease pains in the sides and bowels ; ; mice being mixed with their meat. 
 also being boiled, the decoction is said to } Black Hellebore, Bears-foot or Christmas 
 be good to wash green wounds and ulcers \ forcer : both this and the former are hot and 
 with. $dn/ in the third degree. This is neither at 
 
 Dictiamni. Of Dittany : is hot and dry I violent nor dangerous as the former. 
 in the third degree, hastens travail in \ Enulae Campanae Helenij. Of Eiecam- 
 wotnen, provokes the menses. (See the\pa?ie. It is hot and dry in the third degitt., 
 eaves.) ; wholesome for the stomach, resists poison, hclpt 
 
 Doronici. Of Doronicurn, a supposed \ old coughs, and sortness of breath, helps rup- 
 kiud of Wolf's bane : It is hot and dry in ; lures, and provokes lust ; in ointments, it is good 
 the third degree, strengthens the heart, is ^against scabs and itch. 
 sovereign cordial, and preservative against! Endivaj, &c. Of Endive, Garden 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 tohich is the root here specified, is held to be \ amorous diseases. You may take half a drum 
 somewhat colder, though not so dry and cleans- j at a time. Mutthiolus. 
 ing as that which is mid ; it cools hot stomachs, ; Gentiana. Of Gentian; some call it Fel~ 
 hot livers, amends the blood corrupted by heat, \ wort, and Baldinoney. It is hot, cleansing, 
 and therefore is good in fevers, it cools the [ and scouring, a notable counterpoison, it opcm 
 reins, and therefore prevents the stone, it opens \ obstructions, helps the biting ofvenemous beast*, 
 obstructions, and provokes urine : you may bruise \and mad dogs, helps digestion, and cleanseth 
 the root, and boil it in while nine, tis very ; (lie bod)/ of raw humours ; the root is profitable, 
 harmless. \for ruptures, or such as are burst en. 
 
 Eringij. Of Eringo or Sea-holly: the 
 
 Glycyrrhizae. Of Liquorice; the be* 
 
 roots are moderately hot, something drying and i that is grows in England : it is hot and mois 
 cleansing, bruised and applied to the place ; \ in temperature, helps the roughness of tke 
 they help the Scroplmla, or disease in the \ zcindpipe, hoarsness, diseases in the kidne ys and 
 throat called the King's Evil, they break the : bladder, and ulcers in the bladder, it concocts 
 stone, encrease seed, stir up lust, provoke the \ raw humours in the stomach, helps difficulty of 
 terms, fyc. * breathing, is profitable for all salt humours , 
 
 Esulae, majoris, minoris. Of Spurge the 1 the root dried and beaten into powder, and the 
 greater and lesser, they are both (taken in- i powder put into the eye, is a special remedy 
 wardly) too violent for common use; outwardly \for a pin and web. 
 
 in ointments they cleanse the skin, take away* Gramminis. Of Grass, such as in London 
 tmburning. \ they call couch grass, and Squitch-grass ; m 
 
 Filicis, &c. Fearn, of which are two grand \ Sussex Dog-grass. It gallantly provokes 
 distinctions, viz. male and female. Boili are j urine, and easefh the kidneys oppressed with 
 hot and dry, and good for the rickets in -chil- \ gravel, gripings of the belly, find difficulty of 
 dren, and diseases of the spleen, but dangerous \ urine. Let such as are troubled with these 
 for pregnant women. \ diseases, drink a draught of while wine, wherin 
 
 Filipendulae. Of Dropwort. The roots \ these roots (being bruised) have been boiled, 
 are hot and dry in the third degree, opening, \ for their morning's draught, bruised and ap- 
 cleansing, yet somewhat binding ; they provoke \ plied to the place, they speedily help green 
 urine, ease pains in the bladder, and are a good \ wounds. Galen, Dioscorides. 
 preservative against the falling-sickness. Hermodactyli. Of Ilermodactih. Thei/ 
 
 Fceniculi. Of Fennel. The root is hot \ are hot and dry, purge flegm, especially froin 
 and (<ry, some say in the third degree, opening ;| the joints, therefore are good for g<>ttts, and 
 it provokes urine, and menses, strengthens the \ other diseases in the joints. Their vices are 
 liver, and is good against the dropsy. j corrected with long pepper, ginger, cinnamon, 
 
 Fraxini. Of Asn-tree. I know no great \or mastich. I would not have unskilful people 
 virtues in physic of the roots. ' too busy with purges. 
 
 Galangae, majoris, minoris. Galanga,\ Hyacinthi. Of Jacinths. The roots an 
 commonly called Galingal, the greater and \ dry in thejirst degree, and cold in the second, 
 lesser: They are hot and dry in the third \ they stop looseness, bind the belly. 
 degree, and the lesser are accounted the hotte.r,\ iridis, vulgaris, and Florentine. &c 
 it strengthens the stomach exceedingly, flnrfj Orris, or Flower-de-luce, both that which 
 takes away the pains thereof coming of coldl grows with us, and that which comes from 
 \rrwind; the smell of it strengthens the brain, ; Florence. They are hot and dry in the 
 t relieves faint hearts, takes away windinessl^ ir ^ degree, resist poison, help shortness 
 
 * of the breath, provoke the menses ; ta<; 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 223 
 
 Root being green and bruised, takes away \ applied, it helps ulcers in the head, and 
 
 blackness and blueness of a stroke, being j amends the ill colour of the face. 
 
 applied thereto. Malvce. Of Mallows. They are cool, 
 
 Imperitoriee, SfC. Of Master-wort. The j and digesting, resist poison, and help cor- 
 root is hot and dry in the third degree ; | rosions, or gnawing of the bowels, or any 
 mitigates the rigour of agues, helps dropsies, \ other part; as also ulcers in the bladder 
 provokes sweat, breaks carbuncles, and \ See Marsh-mallows. 
 
 plague-sores, being applied to them ; it is j Mandragorte. Of Mandrakes. A root 
 very profitable being given inwardly in I dangerous for its coldness, being cold in the 
 bruises. \ fourth degree : the root is dangerous. 
 
 Isotidis, Glasti. Of Woad. I know no I Mechoachana. Of Mechoacah. It is 
 great physical virtue in the root. See the 5 corrected with Cinnamon, is temperate yet 
 Herb. ; drying, purges flegm chiefly from the head 
 
 Labri Veneris, Dipsaci. Fullers-Thistle, ; and joints, it is good for old diseases in the 
 Teazle. The root being boiled in wine till j head, and may safely be given even to fe- 
 it be thick (quoth Dioscorides) helps by verish bodies, because of its temperature: it 
 unction the clefts of the fundament, as also ' is also profitable against coughs and pains in 
 takes away warts and wens. Galen saith, j thereins; as also against venereal complaints; 
 they are dry in the second degree : and ; the strong may take a dram at a time. 
 I take it all Authors hold them to be cold j Met, fyc. Spignel. The roots are hot 
 and dry. Unslacked lime beaten into pow- i and dry in the second or third degree, and 
 der, and mixed with black soap, takes ! send up unwholesome vapours to the head, 
 away a wen being anointed with it. Mezerei,$c. Of Spurge, Olive, or Widow- 
 
 LactuccE. Of Lettice. I know no phy- ; wail. See the Herb, if you think it worth 
 sical virtue residing in the roots. 5 the seeing. 
 
 Lauri. Of the Bay-tree. The Bark of | Merorum Celci. Of Mulberry Tree. The 
 the root drunk with wine, provokes urine, j bark of the root is bitter, hot and dry, opens 
 breaks the stone, opens obstructions of the : stoppings of the liver and spleen, purges 
 liver and spleen. But according to Dios- 5 the belly, and kills worms, boiled in vine-, 
 corides is naught for pregnant women. 1 gar, helps the tooth-ache. 
 Galen. Morsus Diaboli, Succisee, $c. DeviFs-bit, 
 
 Lapathi acuti, Oxylapathi. Sorrel, accord- { See the herb. 
 
 ing to Galen; but Sharp-pointed Dock, j Norpi Spicte, Indicte, Celticee, fyc. Of 
 according to Dioscorides. The roots of j Spikenard, Indian, and Cheltic. Cheltic 
 Sorrel are held to be profitable against the j Nard wonderfully provokes urine. They 
 jaundice. Of Sharp-pointed Dock; cleanse, | are both hot and dry. The Indian, also 
 ind help scabs and itch. j provokes urine, and stops fluxes, helps win- 
 
 Lcvistici. Of Lovage. They are hot and \ diness of the stomach, resists the pestilence, 
 dry, and good for any diseases coming of 1 helps gnawing pains of the stomach ; and 
 wind. \ dries up rheums that molest the head. The 
 
 Lilly albi. Of white Lillies. The root: Celtic Spikenard performs the same offices, 
 is something hot and dry, helps burnings, j though in a weaker measure, 
 softens the womb, provokes the menses, if j Nemipharis, Nymplue. Of Water-lilies 
 poik-d in wine, is given with good success | They are cold and dry, and stop lust: 
 in rotten Fevers, Pestilences, and all dis-j I never dived so deep to find what virtue 
 eases that require suppuration : outwardly \ the roots have. 
 
 3 M 
 
224 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Ononidis, Arrestce Bovis, #c. Of Cam- ' speedy deliverance to women in travail, and 
 i ock, or Rest-harrow, so called because it j brings away the placenta, 
 makesjjxen stand still when they are plough- : Poeonioe, maris, fbemellae. Of Peony male 
 
 ing. Tne roots are hot and dry in the third 
 degree; it breaks the stone (viz. the bark 
 of it.) The root itself, according to Pliny, 
 
 and female. They are meanly hot, but more 
 drying. The root helps women not sufficiently 
 purged after travail, it provokes the menses, and 
 
 helps the falling-sickness; according to i helps pains in the belly, as also in the reins and 
 Matthiolus, helps ruptures : you may take ; bladder, falling sickness, and convulsions in 
 half a dram at a time. j children, being either taken inwardly, or hung 
 
 Ostrutij. Masterwort, given once before J about their necks. You may take half a dram 
 under the name of Imperitoria. But I have f at a time, and less for children. 
 something else to do than to write one j Phu, Valerinae, majoris, minoris. Valc- 
 thing twice as they did. : rian, or Setwal, greater and lesser. They are 
 
 Pastinatfe, Sativce, and silvestris; Garden * temperately hot, the greater provokes urine and 
 and Wild Parsnips. They are of a tern- 5 the menses, helps the stranguary, stays rheums 
 perate quality, inclining something to heat : \ in the head, and takes away the pricking pains 
 The Garden Parsnips provoke lust, and thereof. The lesser resist poison, assuages the 
 nourish as much and more too, than any \ swelling of the testicles, coming either through 
 root ordinarily eaten: the wild are morel wind or cold, helps cold taken after sweating or 
 physical, being cutting, cleansing, and ? labour, wind cholic: outwardly it draws out 
 opening: they resist the bitings of veno- \thorns, and cures both wounds and ulcers. 
 mous beasts, ease pains and stitches in the 5 Pimpinellae, &c. Of Bumet. It doth 
 sides, and are a sovereign remedy against : this good, to bring forth a gallant physical 
 die wind cholic. \ herb. 
 
 Pentafylli. Of Cmqfyl, commonly called \ Plantaginis. Of Plant ane. The root h 
 Five-leaved, or Five-fmger'd grass : the root \ something dryer than the leaf, but not so cold, 
 is very drying, but moderately hot: It is lit opens stoppages of the liver, helps thejaun- 
 admirable against all fluxes, and stops \dice, and ulcers of the reins and bladder. A 
 blood flowing from any part of the body : \ little bit of the root being eaten, instantly stays 
 it helps infirmities of the liver and lungs, \pains in the head, even to admiration. 
 helps putrified ulcers of the mouth, the root ! Polypodij. Of Polypodium, or Fern of 
 boiled in vinegar is good against the i the Oak. It is a gallant though gentle 
 shingles, and appeases the rage of any j purger of melancholy ; Also in the opinion 
 fretting sores. You may safely take half -of Mesue (as famous a physician as ever 
 a dram at a time in any convenient liquor, j I read for a Galenist,) it dries up ssper- 
 
 Petacitce. Of Butter-bur. The roots are j fluous humours, takes away swellings from 
 hot arid dry in the second degree, they are j the hands, feet, knees, and joints, stitches 
 exceeding good in violent and pestilential and pains in the sides, infirmities of the 
 fevers, they provoke the menses, expel poi- j spleen, rickets ; correct it with a few Annis 
 son, and kill worms. I seeds, or Fennel seeds, or a little ginger, 
 
 Peucedani, Fa-niculi porcini. Of Sulphur- | and then the stomach will not loath it. 
 wort, Hogs-fennel, or Hore-strange. It is ! Your best way of taking it, is to bruise it 
 very good applied to the navels of children f well, and boil it in white wine till half be 
 that stick out, and ruptures: held in the j consumed, you may put in much, or little, 
 mouth, it is a present remedy for the fits of j according to the strength of the diseased, it 
 the mother : being taken inwardly, it gives { works very safely. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 225 
 
 Poiigonati, sigilli Solomonis, $c. Of Solo- 5 ing takes away the virtue of it, and there- 
 mon's Seal. Stamped and boiled in wine it | fore it is best given by infusion only ; If 
 speedily helps (beingdrank) all broken bones, * your body be any thing strong, you may 
 and is of incredible virtue that way ; as also ; take two drams of it at a time being sliced 
 being stamped and applied to the place, it j thin and steeped all night in white wine, in 
 soon heals all wounds, and quickly takes away j the morning strain it out and drink the 
 the black and blue marks of blows, being ; white wine ; it purges but gently, it leaves 
 bruised and applied to the place, and for a binding quality behind it, therefore dried 
 hese, I am persuaded there is not a better j a little by the fire and beaten into powder, 
 medicine under the sun. \ it is usually given in fluxes. 
 
 Pom. Of Leeks. They say they are \ Rhaphani. Domesticce and Sylvestris. Of 
 hot and dry in the fourth degree ; they 1 Raddishes, garden and wild. Garden 
 reed ill-favoured nourishment at the best, s Raddishes provoke urine, break the stone, 
 y spoil the eyes, heat the body, cause \ and purge by urine exceedingly, yet breed 
 troublesome sleep, and are noisome to the \ very bad blood, are offensive to the stomach, 
 stomach : yet are they good for something S and hard of digestion, hot and dry in 
 else, for the juice of them dropped into i quality. Wild, or Horse Raddishes, such 
 the ears takes away the noise of them, mixed i as grow in ditches, are hotter and drier 
 with a little vinegar and snuffed up the j than the former, and more effectual. 
 
 Rhodie Rod. Rose Root. Stamped and 
 applied to the head it mitigates the pains 
 
 .1 /* 1 1 i * 
 
 nose, it stays the bleeding of it, they are 
 better of the two boiled than raw, but 
 both ways exceedingly hurtful for ulcers in 
 
 thereof, being somewhat cool in quality. 
 
 the bladder : and so are onions and garlic. j Rhabarbari Monachorum. Monks Rhu- 
 Prunellorum Silvestrium. Of Sloe-bush, ; barb, or Bastard-Rhubarb, it also purges, 
 or Sloe-tree. I think the college set this 1 and cleanses the blood, and opens obstruc- 
 tunongst the roots only for fashion sake, | tions of the liver. 
 
 nnd 1 did it because they did. \ liubice tinctorum. Of Madder. It is 
 
 Pyrethri Saliva ris, $-c. Pelitory of Spain. ; both drying and binding, yet not without 
 It is hot and dry in the fourth degree, i some opening quality, for it helps the yel- 
 chewed in the mouth, it draws away rheum i low jaundice, and therefore opens obstruc- 
 in the tooth-ache; bruised and boiled in 1 tions of the liver and gall; it is given with 
 oil, it provokes sweat by unction; inwardly i good success, to such as have had bruises 
 taken, they say it helps palsies and other > by falls, stops looseness, the hemorrhoids, 
 
 cold effects in the brain and nerves. 
 
 niiapontici, Rhupontick, or Rhubarb 
 of Pontus. . It takes away windiuess and 
 
 and the menses. 
 
 Rtisci. Of Knee-holly or Butchers- 
 broom, or Bruscus. They are meanly hot 
 
 weakness of the stomach, sighings, sobbings, j and dry, provoke urine, break the stone, 
 spittings of blood, diseases of the liver and i and help such as cannot evacuate urine 
 spleen, rickets, &c. if you take .a dram at \ freely Use them like grass roots. 
 a time it will purge a little, but bind much, i Sambuci. Of Elder. I know no wonders 
 and therefore fit for foul bodies that have ! the root will do. 
 
 Sarsce-Pariglia. Of Sarsa-Parilla, or 
 
 fluxes. 
 
 Rhabarbari. Of Rhubarb. It gently 
 
 Bind-weed ; somewhat hot and dry, helpful 
 
 purges choler from the stomach and liver, | against pains in the head, and joints; they 
 opens stoppings, withstands the dropsy, j provoke sweat, and are used familiarly ii; 
 Hypocondriac Melancholly ; a little boil- 1 drying diet drinks 
 
226 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Satyrtj utriusqiie. Of Satyrion, each sort, i 
 Thev are hot and moist in temper, provoke! 
 venery, and increase seed ; each branch 
 bears two roots, both spongy, yet the one 
 more solid than the other, which is of most 
 virtue, and indeed only to be used, for some 
 say the most spongy root is quite contrary 
 in operation to the other, as the one in- 
 
 called our Ladies-thistles by that name; 
 the roots of which are drying and bind- 
 ing, stop fluxes, bleeding, take away 
 cold swellings, and ease the pains of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Spatula fcrtidce. Stinking Gladon, a kind 
 of Flower-de-luce, called so for its unsavory 
 smell. It is hot and dry in the third 
 
 creaseth, the other decreaseth. degree ; outwardly they help the king's evil, 
 
 Saxifragice alba. Of white Saxifrage, in j soften hard swellings, draw out broken 
 Sussex we call them Lady-smocks. The ; bones : inwardly taken, they help convul- 
 roots powerfully break the stone, expel sions, ruptures, bruises, infirmities of the 
 
 wind, provoke urine, and cleanse the reins. 
 A kind of Burnct. 
 
 lungs. 
 
 Tamarisci. Of Tamaris. See the herbs, 
 
 Scabiosa. Of Scabious. The roots either \ and barks, 
 boiled, or beaten into powder, and so taken, j Tanaceti. Of Tansie. The root eaten, 
 help such as are extremely troubled with \ is a singular remedy for the gout : the rich 
 scabs and itch, are medicinal in the trench ] may bestow the cost to preserve it. 
 disease, hard swellings, inward wounds, \ Thopsi, $c. A venomous foreign root : 
 being of drying, cleansing, and healing j therefore no more of it. 
 faculty. Toivnentilla. Of Tormentil. A kind of 
 
 Scordij. Of Scordium, or Water-Ger-I Sinqfoil; dry in the third degree, but mode- 
 mandcr. See the herb. \ rately hot ; good in pestilences, provokes 
 
 Scilltf. Of Squills. See vinegar, and j sweat, stays vomiting, cheers the heart, ex - 
 wine of Squills, in the compound. < pels poison. 
 
 Scropularue, $c. Of Figwort. The roots j Trifolij. Of Trefoil. See the herb, 
 being of the same virtue with the herb, \ Tribuli Aquattci. Of Water Caltrops. 
 I refer you thither. 1 The roots lie too far under water for me to 
 
 Scorzonera. Of Vipers grass. The root ! reach to. 
 
 cheers the heart, and strengthens the vital 1 Trachellij. Of Throat-wort : by some 
 spirits, resists poison, helps passions and ? called Canterbury Bells: by some Coventry 
 tremblings of the heart, faintness, sadness, | Bells. They help diseases and ulcers in 
 and melancholy, opens stoppings of the 5 the throat. 
 
 liver and spleen, provokes the menses, ease * Trinitatis herbee. Hearts-ease, or Pansies. 
 women of the fits of the mother, and helps i I know no great virtue they have, 
 swimmings in the head. Timicis. I shall tell you the virtue when 
 
 Seseleos. Of Seseli, or Hartwort. The j I know what it is. 
 
 roots provoke urine, and help the falling- > Tripoli}. The root purges flegm, expels 
 sickness. | poison. 
 
 Sisarii secacul. Of Scirrets. They are | Turbith. The root purges flegm, (being 
 hot and moist, of good nourishment, some- j hot in the third degree) chiefly from the 
 thing windy, as all roots are; by reason of j exterior parts of the body: it is corrected 
 which, they provoke venery, they stir up j with ginger, or Ma stich. Let not the vulgar 
 appetite, and provoke urine. j be too busy with it. 
 
 Sconchi. Of Sow-thistles. See the herb j Tuburnwn. Or Toad-stools. Whethe 
 
 Spm<B alba, Bedeguar. The Arabians t these be roots or no, it matters rio* much 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 227 
 
 for my part I know but little need of them, 
 either in food or physic. 
 
 Victorialis. A foreign kind of Garlick. 
 They say, being hung about the neck of 
 
 AveUanctrum. Of Hazel The rind of 
 the tree provokes urine, breaks the stone ; 
 the husks and shells of the nuts, dried and 
 given in powder, stay the immoderate flux 
 
 cattle that are blind suddenly, it helps them ; ( of the menses. 
 
 and defends those that bear it, from evil ( Aurantiorum. Of Oranges. Both these, 
 
 spirits. \ and also Lemons and Citrons, are of dif- 
 
 Swallow-wort, and teazles were handled jferent qualities: the outward bark, viz. what 
 before. j looks red, is hot and dry, the white is cold 
 
 Ulmaria, Reginte, prati, fyc. Mead-sweet, j and moist, the juice colder than it, the seeds 
 Cold and dry, binding, stops fluxes, and \ hot and dry ; the outward bark is that 
 the immoderate flowing of the menses : you \ which here I am to speak to, it is somewhat 
 may take a dram at a time. 5 hotter than either that of Lemons or 
 
 Urticce. Of Nettles. See the leaves, j Citrons, therefore it warms a cold stomach 
 
 Zedoarite. Of Zedoary, or Setwall. This j more, and expels wind better, but strengthens 
 and Zurumbet, according to Rhasis, and j not the heart so much. 
 Mesue, are all one ; Avicenna thinks them \ Berber, $c. Barberries. The Rind of 
 different: I hold with Mesue; indeed they \ the tree according to Clcesius, being steeped 
 differ in form, for the one is long, the other | in wine, and the wine drank, purges choler, 
 round; they are both hot ,and dry in the? and is a singular remedy for the yellow 
 second degree, expel wind, resist poison, j jaundice. Boil it in white wine and drink 
 stop fluxes, and the menses, stay vomiting, j it. See the directions at the beginning, 
 help the cholic, and kill worms ; you may j Cassia Lignea, <$c. It is something more 
 take half a dram at a time. iily than Cinnamon, yet the virtues being 
 
 Zingiberis. Of Ginger. Helps digestion, 1 not much different, I refer you thither. 
 
 warms the stomach, clears the sight, and is 
 profitable for old men: heats the joints, and 
 
 Capparis Rod. Of Caper roots. See 
 the roots. 
 
 therefore is profitable against the gout, j Castaitcaritm. Of Chesnuts. The bark 
 
 expels wind ; it is hot and dry in ihe second : 
 degree. 
 
 BARKS. 
 
 A Pil Rod. Of the roots of Smallage. 
 Take notice here, that the Barks both of 
 
 
 
 of the Chesnut tree is dry and binding 
 and stops fluxes. 
 
 Cinnamonum. Cinnamon, and Cassia 
 Lignea, are hot and dry in the second 
 degree, strengthens the stomach, help 
 digestion, cause a sweet breath, resist poi- 
 son, provoke urine, and the menses, cause 
 speedy delivery in women to travail, help 
 
 this root, as also of Parsley, Fennel, &c. coughs and defluxions of humours upon 
 is all of the root which is in u^c, neither * the lungs, dropsy, and difficulty of urine, 
 can it properly be called bark, for it is all j In ointments it takes away red pimples, and 
 ihe root, the hard pith in the middle ex- j the like deformities from the face. There 
 repted, which is always thrown away, when { is scarce a better remedy for women in 
 the roots are used. It is something hotter j labour, than a dram of Cinnamon newly 
 and drier than Parsley, and more medicinal;) beaten into powder, and taken in white 
 it opens stoppings, provokes urine, helps! wine. 
 
 digestion, expels wind, and warms a coid | Citrij. Of Pome Citrons. The outward 
 stomach : use them like grass roots. : pill, which I suppose is that which is mean 
 
 3 N 
 
228 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 here : It strengthens the heart, resists poi- ! Lauri. Of the Bay-tree. See the root, 
 son, amends a stinking breath, helps diges- \ Limonum. Of Lemons. The outward 
 tion, comforts a cold stomach. I peel is of the nature of Citron, but helps 
 
 Ebuli Rod. Of the roots of Dwarf-Elder, j jnot so effectually; however, let the poor 
 or Walwort. See the herbs. | country man that cannot get the other, use 
 
 Enulce. Of Elecampane. See the roots. I this. 
 
 fisidtf Rad. See the roots. Mandragora Rod. Be pleased to look 
 
 Fabarum. Of Beans. Bean Cods (or ; back to the root. 
 
 Pods, as we in Sussex call them) being | Myrobalanorum. Of Myrobalans. See 
 bruised, the ashes are a sovereign renr edy } the fruits. 
 
 for aches in the joints, old bruises, gouts, \ Mads. Of Mace. It is hot in the third 
 
 1 degree, strengthens the stomach and heart 
 
 and sciaticas. 
 
 Fceniculi Rad. Of Fennel roots. See 
 
 the roots, and remember the observation \ Maceris, $c. It is held to be the inner 
 given in Smallage at the beginning of the \ bark of Nutmeg-tree, helps fluxes and 
 
 exceedingly, and helps concoction. 
 
 barks. 
 
 Fraaitn Rad. Of the bark of Ash-tree 
 roots. The bark of the tree, helps the rickets, 
 is moderately hot and dry, stays vomiting ; 
 being burnt, the ashes made into an oint- 
 ment, helps leprosy and other- deformity 
 of the skin, eases pains of the spleen. You 
 may lay the bark to steep in white wine for 
 the rickets, and when it hath stood so for 
 two or three days, let the diseased child 
 drink now and then a spoonful of it. 
 
 Granatorum. Of Pomegranates. The 
 
 spitting of blood. 
 
 Petrosdini Rad. Of Parsley root: opens 
 obstructions, provokes urineand themenses, 
 warms a cold stomach, expels wind, and 
 breaks the stone. Use them as grass roots, 
 and take out the inner pith as you were 
 taught in smallage roots. 
 
 Prunelli Silvestris. Of Sloe-tree. I know 
 no use of it. 
 
 Pinearum putaminae. Pine shucks, or 
 husks. I suppose they mean of the cones 
 that hold the seeds; both those and also the 
 
 rind cools, and forcibly binds, stays fluxes, i bark of the tree, stop fluxes, and help the 
 and the menses, helps digestion, strengthens ? lungs. 
 
 weak stomachs, fastens the teeth, and are 
 
 Querci. Of Oak-tree. Both the bark of 
 
 good for such whose gums waste. You the oak, and Acorn Cups are drying and 
 may take a dram of it at a time inwardly. \ cold, binding, stop fluxes and the menses, 
 Pomegranate flowers are of the same virtue. $ as also the running of the reins ; have a 
 Gatrujad. See the wood. : care how you use them before due purging. 
 
 Juglandium Virid. Of green Walnuts. 
 As for the outward green bark of Walnuts, 
 I suppose the best time to take them is 
 
 Rhaphani. Of Radishes. I could never 
 see any bark they had. 
 
 Suberis. Of Cork. It is good for some- 
 
 before the Walnuts be shelled at all, and \ thing else besides to stop bottles : being dry 
 then you may take nuts and all (if they may j and binding, stanches blood, helps fluxes, 
 properly be called nuts at such a time) you j especeially the ashes of it being burnt, 
 shall find them exceeding comfortable to ? Pauhts. 
 
 the stomach, they resist poison, and arej tiambud, $c. Of Elder roots and 
 a most excellent preservative against the > branches ; purges water, helps the dropsy, 
 plague, interior to none : they are admira- j Cort. Medlus Tanmrids. The middle 
 ble for such as are troubled with consump- J Bark of Tarneris, eases the spleen, helps 
 lions of the lungs. J the rickets. Use them as Ash-tree bark. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 22H 
 
 Tillm. Of Line-tree. Boiled, the water 
 helps burnings. 
 
 Thuris. Of Frankinsenses. I must plead 
 Ignoramus. 
 
 Ulmi. Of Elm. Moderately hot and 
 cleansing, good for wounds, burns, and 
 broken bones, viz. boiled in water and the 
 grieved place bathed with it. 
 
 Rhodium. En creases milk in nurses. 
 
 Santalum, album, Rubrum,citrmum. White, 
 red, and yellow Sanders : They are all cold 
 and dry in the second or third degree : the 
 red stops defluxions from any part, and 
 helps inflammations : the white and yellow 
 (of which the yellow is best) cool the heat 
 .of fevers, strengthen the heart, and cause 
 cheerfulness. 
 
 Sassafras. Is hot and dry in the second 
 
 WOODS AND THEIR CHIPS, OR 
 RASPINGS. 
 
 } degree, it opens obstructions or stoppings, 
 lit strengthens the breast exceedingly; if it 
 ! be weakened through cold, it breaks the 
 A Gallochus, Lignum Aloes. Wood of j stone, stays vomiting, provokes urine, and 
 
 Aloes ; is moderately hot and dry : a good | is very profitable in the venereal, used in 
 
 cordial : a rich perfume, a great strengthener j diet drinks. 
 
 to the stomach. Tamaris. Is profitable for the rickets, 
 
 Aspalathus. Rose-wood. It is moderately j and burnings. 
 
 hot and dry, stops looseness, provokes! Xylobalsamum. Wood of the Balsam 
 
 urine, and is excellent to cleanse filthy \ tree, it is hot and dry in the second degree, 
 
 according to Galen. I never read any great 
 virtues of it. 
 
 HERBS AND THEIR LEAVES. 
 
 ulcers. 
 
 Bresilium. Brasil. All the use I know 
 of it is, to die cloth, and leather, and 
 make red ink. 
 
 Buxus. Box. Many Physicians havej 
 written of it, but no physical virtue of it. 
 
 Cypressus. Cypress. The Wood laid \ A Brotanum, mas, foemina. Southern - 
 amongst cloaths, secures them from moths, j wood, male and female. It is hot and dry 
 See the leaves. Jin the third degree, resists poison, kills 
 
 Ebenum. Ebony. It is held to clear the f worms ; outwardly in plaisters, it dissolves 
 
 ij cold swellings, and helps the bitings of 
 
 sight, neing either boiled in wine, or burnt 
 to ashes. 
 
 venomous beasts, makes hair 
 
 Guajacum, Lignum vitan Dries, attenu- not above half a dram at a time in powder. 
 
 Absinthium, &>c. Wormwood. Its several 
 
 ates, causes sweat, resists putrefaction, is 
 good for the French disease, as also for 
 ulcers, scabs, and leprosy : it is used in diet 
 
 drinks. 
 
 Jitiiipcnm. Juniper. 
 
 The smoak of the 
 of 
 
 wood, drives away serpents ; the ashes 
 it made into lie, cures itch, and scabs. 
 
 Nephrificum. It is a light wood and 
 conies from Hispamola ; being steeped in 
 water, will soon turn it blue, it is hot and 
 dry in the first degree, and so used as be- 
 fore, is an admirable remedy for the stone, 
 and for obstructions of the liver and spleen. 
 
 sorts, are all hot and dry in the second or 
 third degrees, the common Wormwood is 
 thought to be hottest, they all help weak- 
 ness of the stomach, cleanse choler, kill 
 worms, open stoppings, help surfeits, clear 
 the sight, resist poison, cleanse the blood, 
 and secure cloaths from moths. 
 
 Abngilissa, 8fC. Alkanet. The leaves are 
 something drying and binding, butinferioi 
 in virtue to the roots, to which I refer 
 
 Acetosa. Sorrel. Is moderately cold 
 
230 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 dry and binding, cuts tough humours, cools ( held to be more cordial ; cools the blood, 
 the brain, liver and stomach, cools the j helps ulcers in the mouth; hot defluxions 
 blood in fevers, and provokes appetite. : upon the lungs, wounds, ulcers, &c. 
 
 Acanthus. Bears-breech, or Branks j Alcea. Vervain Mallow. The root helps 
 ursine, is temperate, something moist. See j fluxes and burstness. jEtius, Dioscorides. 
 the root. Alhum. Garlick. Hot and dry in the 
 
 Adiantum, Album, nigrum. Maiden hair, ^ fourth degree, troublesome to the stomach : 
 white and black. They are temperate, yet j it dulls the sight, spoils a clear skin, resists 
 drying. White Maiden hair is that we! poison, eases the pains of the teeth, helps 
 usually call Wall-rue ; they both open ob-jthe bitings of mad dogs, and venomous 
 structions, cleanse the breast and lungs of\ beasts, helps ulcers, leprosies, provokes 
 gross slimy humours, provoke urine, help i urine, is exceedingly opening, and profita- 
 ruptures and shortness of wind. | ble for dropsies. 
 
 Adiantum Aurcum Politrycum. Golden j Althcea, fyc. Marsh-Mallows. Aremode- 
 Maiden-hair. Its temperature and virtues jratelyhotand drier than other Mallows; they 
 are the same with the former; helps the \ help digestion, and mitigate pain, ease the 
 spleen ; burned, and lye made with the : pains of the stone, and in the sides. Use 
 ashes, keeps the hair from falling off the j them as you were taught in the roots, whose 
 head. j virtues they have, and both together will 
 
 Agrimonia, Agrimony. Galen's Eupa- do better. 
 
 torium. It is hot and dry in the first degree, j Alsine. Chickweed. Is cold and moist 
 binding, it amends the infirmities of the! without any binding, assuages swelling, 
 liver, helps such as evacuate blood instead! and comforts the sinews much ; therefore it 
 of water, helps inward wounds, opens | is good for such as are shrunk up ; it dis- 
 obstructions. Outwardly applied it helps $ solves aposthumes, hard swellings, and 
 old sores, ulcers, &c. Inwardly, it helps j helps mange in the hands and legs, out- 
 the jaundice and the spleen. Take a dram j wardly applied in a pultis. Galen. 
 of this or that following, inwardly in white] Alchymilla. Ladies-Mantle. Is hot and 
 wine, or boil the herb in white wine, and 5 dry, some say in the second degree, some 
 drink the decoction. Galen, Pliny, Diosco-\ say in the third: outwardly it helps wounds, 
 rides, Serapio. j reduces women's breasts that hang*down: 
 
 Ageretum. Hot and dry in the second de- 5 inwardly, helps bruises, and ruptures, stays 
 gree, provokes urine and the menses, dries ! vomiting, and the Fluor Albus, and is very 
 the brain, opens stoppings, helps the green J profitable for such women as are subject to 
 sickness, and profits such as have a cold, 1 miscarry through cold and moisture, 
 weak liver; outwardly applied, it takes! Alkanna. Privet hath a binding quality, 
 away the hardness of the matrix, and fillsj helps ulcers in the mouth, is good against 
 hollow ulcers with flesh. I burnings and scaldings, cherishes the nerves 
 
 Agnus Castus, $c. Chast-tree. The leaves \ and sinews ; boil it in white wine to wash 
 
 are hot and dry in the third degree ; expel j 
 wind, consume the seed, cause chastity 
 being only borne about one ; it dissolves 
 swellings of the testicles, being applied to 
 them, head-ache, and lethargy. 
 
 the mouth, and in hog's grease for burnings 
 and scaldings. 
 
 Amaracus, Majorana. Marjoram. Some 
 say 'tis hot and dry in the second degree, 
 some advance it to the third. Sweet Mar- 
 
 Allajnla. Litjnla, fyc. Wood Sorrel. Itnofam, is an excellent remedy for cold dis- 
 is of the temperature of other So Tel. aH J ases in the brain, being only smelled to 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 231 
 
 helps such as are given to much sighing,! Aquilegia. Columbines: help sore throats, 
 easeth pains in the bdly, provokes urinej are of a drying, binding quality, 
 being taken inwardly : you may take a dram j Argentina. Silver- weed, or Wild Tansy 
 of it at a time in powder. Outwardly in ; cold and dry almost in the third degiee; 
 oils or salves, it helps sinews that are shrunk ; j stops lasks, tiuxes, and the menses, good 
 limbs out of joint, all aches and swellings ! against ulcers, the-stone,and inward wounds: 
 coming of a cold cause. j easeth gripings in the belly, fastens loose 
 
 Angelica. Is hot and dry in the third de- j teeth : outwardly it takes, away freckles, 
 gree; opens, digests, makes thin, strengthens jmorphew, and sunburning, it takes away 
 the heart, helps fluxes, and loathsomeness i inflammations, and bound to the wrists stops 
 of meat. It is an enemy to poison and pes- i the violence of the fits of the ague, 
 tilenee, provokes menses, and brings away i Ai-tanita. Sow- bread: hot and dry in 
 the placanta. You may take a dram of it j the third degree, it is a dangerous purge: 
 at a time in powder. ! outwardly in ointments it takes away freckles, 
 
 Anagallis, mas,femina. Pimpernel, male \ sunburning, and the marks which the small 
 and female. They are something hot and | pox leaves behind them : dangerous for 
 dry, and of such a drying quality that they i pregnant women. 
 
 draw thorns and splinters out of the flesh, ] Aristolochia, longa, rotunda. Birth-wort 
 amend the sight, cleanse ulcers, help in- \ long and round. See the roots, 
 firmities of the liver and reins. Galen. \ Artemisia. Mugwort : is hot and dry in 
 
 Anethum. Dill. Is hot and dry in the 5 the second degree: binding: an herb ap- 
 
 -_ _ " . 1 . . 1 / 1 * 1 
 
 second degree. It stays vomiting, eases 
 hiccoughs, assuages swellings, provokes 
 urine, helps such as are troubled with 
 
 propriated to the female sex ; it brings down 
 the menses, brings away both birth and 
 placenta, eases pains in the matrix. You 
 
 fits of the mother, and digests raw humours, j may take a dram at a time. 
 
 Apium. Smallage ; So it is commonly i Asparagus. See the roots, 
 used ; but indeed all Parsley is called by the \ Asarurn, $c. Asarabacca : hot and dry ; 
 name of Apium, of which this is one kind, j provokes vomiting and urine, and are good 
 Itis something hotter and dryer than Parsley, j for dropsies. They are corrected with mace 
 and more efficacious; it opens stoppings of \ or cinnamon. 
 
 the liver, and spleen, cleanses the blood, ' Atriplex, SfC. Orach, or Arrach. It is 
 provokes the menses, helps a cold stomach ; cold in the first degree, and moist in the 
 to digest its meat, and is good against the; second, saith Galen, and makes the belly 
 yellowjaundice. Both Smallage and Clevers, j soluble. Itis an admirable remedy for the 
 may be well used in pottage in the morning \ fits of the mother, and other infirmities of 
 
 the matrix, and therefore the Latins called 
 
 instead of herbs. 
 
 Aparine. Goose-grass, or Clevers : They 
 arc meanly hot and dry, cleansing, help 
 the bi tings of venomous beasts, keep men's 
 bodies from growing too fat, help the yel- 
 low jaundice, stay bleeding, fluxes, and 
 
 it Vulvaria. 
 
 Aricula muris, major. Mouse-ear: hoi 
 and dry, of a binding quality, it is admira- 
 ble to heal wpunds, inward or outward, as 
 also ruptures or burstness : Edge-tools 
 
 help green wounds. Dioscorides, Pliny, j quenched in the juice of it. will cut iron 
 Galen, Tragus. j without turning the edge, as easy as they 
 
 Atpergwa odorata. Wood-roof: Cheers i will lead : And, lastly, it helps the swelling 
 
 he heart, makes men merry, helps melan- 
 holy, and opens the stoppings of the liver. 
 
 of the spleen, coughs and consumptions, of 
 the lungs. 
 3 o 
 
232 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Attractkis hirsuta. "Wild Bastard-saffron, | Betony : hot and dry in the second degree, 
 Distaff-thistle, or Spindle-thistle. Is dry and ; helps the falling sickness and all head-aches 
 moderately digesting, helps the biting of! coming of cold, cleanses the breast and 
 venomous beasts : Mesue saith, it is hot in j lungs, opens stoppings of the liver and 
 the first degree, and dry in the second, and \ spleen, as the rickets, c. procures appetite, 
 cleanselh the breast and lungs of tough? helps sour belchings, provokes urine, breaks 
 rlegm. | the stone, mitigates the pains of the reins 
 
 Balsamita, SfC. Costmary, Alecost : See : and bladder, helps cramps,* and convul- 
 Maudlin. sions, resists poison, helps the gout, such a 
 
 Barbnjovis, sedum majus. Houseleek or; evacuate blood, madness and head-ache, 
 Scngreen: cold in the third degree, pro- j kills worms, helps bruises, and cleanseth 
 fitable against the Shingles, and other hot ; women after labour : You may take a dram 
 creeping ulcers, inflammations, St. Anthony's ; of it at a time in white wine, or any other 
 fire, frenzies ; it cools and takes away corns \ convenient liquor proper against the dis- 
 from the toes, being bathed with the juice | ease you are afflicted with, 
 of it, and a skin of the leaf laid over the j Betonica Pauli, Sfc. Paul's Betony, or 
 place ; stops fluxes, helps scalding and j Male Lluellin, to which add Elath-e, or 
 burning. | Female Lluellin, which comes afterwards ; 
 
 Bardana. Clot-bur, or Bur-dock : tern- \ they are pretty temperate, stop defluxions 
 perately dry and wasting, something cool- 1 of humours that fall from the head into the 
 ing; it is held to be good against the shrink-! eyes, are profitable in wounds, help filthy 
 ing of the sinews; eases pains in the bladder, ! foul eating cankers. 
 
 and provokes urine. Also Mizaldus saith, I Betonica Coronana, fyc. Is Clove Gilli- 
 that a leaf applied to the top of the head of; flowers. See the flowers, 
 a woman draws the matrix upwards, but | Bellis. Basics : are cold and moist in 
 applied to the soles of the feet draws it j the second degree, they ease all pains and 
 downwards, and is therefore an admirable { swellings coming of heat, in clysters they 
 remedy for suffocations, precipitations, and ! loose the belly , are profitable in fevers and 
 dislocations of the matrix, if a wise man inflammations of the testicles, they take 
 have but the using of it. j away bruises, and blackness and blueness ; 
 
 Beta, alba, nigra, rubra. Beets, white, j they are admirable in wounds and inflam- 
 black, and red ; black Beets I have no j mations of the lungs or blood 
 knowledge of. The white are something} Blitum. Elites. Some say they are cold 
 colder and moister than the red, both of; and moist, others cold and dry: none 
 them loosen the belly, but have little or no s mention any great virtues of them, 
 nourishment. The white provoke to stool, j Borrago. Borrage : hot and moist, com- 
 and are more cleansing, open stoppings of : forts the heart, cheers the spirits, drives 
 the liver and spleen, help the vertigo or | away sadness and melancholy, they are 
 swimming in the head : The red stay fluxes, j rather laxative than binding; help swooning 
 help the immoderate flowing of the menses, land heart-qualms, breed good blood, help 
 and are good in the yellow jaundice. ! consumptions, madness, and such as are 
 
 BeuedictaCariphylL,a. Avens : hot and : much weakened by sickness, 
 dry, help the cholic and rawness of thei Bonus Henricus. Good Henry, or all 
 stomach, stitches in the sides, and take away ! good ; hot and dry, cleansing and scouring, 
 clotted blood in any part of the body. j inwardly taken it loosens the belly ; out- 
 
 Betonica vulgaris. Common Wood j wardly it cleanseth old sores and ulcers. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 238 
 
 Botrys. Oak of Jerusalem : hot and dry ; Calamintha, Montana, Pah/stris. Moun- 
 iu the second degree, helps such as are short- , tain and Water Calamint : For the Watet 
 
 winded, cuts and wastes gross and tough 
 flegm, laid among cloaths they preserve 
 them from moths, and give them a sweet 
 sin ell. 
 
 Calamint : see mints, than which it is ac- 
 counted stronger. Mountain Calamint, is 
 hot and dry in the third degree, provokes 
 urine and the menses, hastens the birth in 
 
 Branca ursina. Bears-breech. } women, brings away the placenta, helps 
 
 Brionia, $sc. Briony, white and black ; i cramps, convulsions, difficulty of breathing, 
 both are hot and dry in the third degree, ! kills worms, helps the dropsy : outwardly 
 purge violently, yet are held to be whole- \ used, it helps such as hold their necks on 
 some physic for such as have dropsies, ; one side: half a dram is enough at one time 
 vertigo, or swimming in the head, falling- 1 Galen, Dioscoridcs, Apuleius. 
 sickness, &c. Certainly it is a strong, j Calendula. Sfc. Marigolds. The leaves 
 troublesome purge, therefore not to be tarn- 1 are hot in the second degree, and something 
 pered with by the unskilful, outwardly in I moist, loosen the belly : the juice held in 
 ointments it takes away freckles, wrinkles, I the mouth, helps the toothache, and takes 
 morphew, scars, spots, &c. from the face. \ away any inflammation or hot swelling 
 
 Bursa pastoris. Shepherd's Purse, is : being bathed with it, mixed with a little 
 manifestly cold and dry, though Lobel and j vinegar. 
 
 Pena thought the contrary ; it is binding 1 Callitricum. Maiden-hair. SeeAdianthum. 
 and stops blood, the menses ; and cools in- j Caprisolium. Honey -suckles: The leaves 
 flammations. \ are hot, and therefore naught for inflam- 
 
 Bitglossom. Buglosse. Its virtues are \ mations of the mouth and throat, for which 
 the same with Borrage. jthe ignorant people oftentime give them: 
 
 Bugula. Bugle, or Middle Comfrey ; is < and Galen was true in this, let modern 
 temperate for heat, but very drying, ex- < writers write their pleasure. If you chew 
 cellent for falls or inward bruises, for it dis- j but a leaf of it in your mouth, experience 
 solves congealed blood, profitable for inward j will tell you that it is likelier to cause, 
 wounds, helps the rickets and other stopp- i than to cure a sore throat, they provoke 
 ings of the liver ; outwardly it is of wonder- ; urine, and purge by urine, bring speedy 
 ful force in curing wounds and ulcers, : delivery to women in travail, yet procure 
 though festered, as also gangreens arid fis- ! barrenness and hinder conception, out- 
 tulas, it helps .broken bones, and disloca- j wardly they dry up foul ulcers, and cleanse 
 tions. Inwardly you may take it in powder : the face from morphew, sun-burning and 
 a dram at a time, or drink the decoction : freckles. 
 
 of it in white-wine : being made into an : Cardimcdlus, Sfc. Groundsell. Cold and 
 ointment with hog's grease, you shall find | moist according to Tragus, helps the cholic, 
 it admirable in g/een wounds. j and gripings in the belly, helps such as 
 
 Bi/phthalmum, Sfc. Ox eye. Matthiolns \ cannot make water, cleanses the reins, 
 saith they are commonly used for black \ purges choler and sharp humours : the 
 Hellebore, to the virtues of which I refer, j usual way of taking it is to boil it in water 
 
 Buxus. Boxtree: the leaves are hot, dry, with currants, and so eat it. I hold it to be 
 and binding, they are profitable against the) a wholesome and harmless purge. Outwardly 
 biting of mad dogs; both taken inwardly jit easeth women's breasts that are swollen 
 tailed and applied to the place: besides j and inflamed ; as also inflammations of the 
 they are good to cure horses of the bots. ; joints, nerves, or sinews, 
 
234 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Carditus B. Maria. Our Ladies Thistles. are drying and binding, help dimness of the 
 They are far more temperate than Cardum <\ sight : help the spleen, preserve from 
 Benedictus, open obstructions or' the liver, | drunkenness, and help the evil effects of it: 
 help the jaundice and dropsy, provoke j provoke the menses, 
 urine, break the stone. Centaurium, majus, minus. Centaury the 
 
 Carduus Benedictus. Blessed Thistle, but j greater and less. They say the greater 
 better known by the Latin name : it is hot| will do wonders in curing wounds : see the 
 and dry in the second degree, cleansing and I root. The less is a present remedy for the 
 opening, helps swimming and giddiness in j yellow jaundice, opens stoppings of the 
 the head, deafness, strengthens the memory, \ liver, gall, and spleen : purges choler, helps 
 helps griping pains in the belly, kills worms, j gout, clears the sight, purgeth the stomach, 
 provokes sweat, expels poison, helps in- j helps the dropsy and green sickness. It is 
 rlammation of the liver, is very good in } only the tops and flowers which are useful, 
 pestilence and venereal: outwardly applied, J of which you may take a dram inwardly in 
 it ripens plague-sores, and helps hot swell- j powder, or half a handful boiled in posset- 
 ings, the bitings of mad dogs and venomous } drink at a time. 
 
 beasts, and foul filthy ulcers. Every one ! Centinodium, fyc. Knotgrass : cold in the 
 that can but make a Carduus posset, knows \ second degree, helps spitting and other 
 how to use it. Camerarius, Arnuldus vel \ evacuations of blood, stops the menses and 
 unovanus. \ all other fluxes of blood, vomiting of blood, 
 
 Chalhia. See the roots, under the name | gonorrhaea, or running of the reins, weak- 
 of white Chameleon. I ness of the back and joints, inflammations 
 
 Corallina. A kind of Sea Moss : cold, { of the privities, and such as make water by 
 binding, drying, good for hot gouts, in- 1 drops, and it is an excellent remedy for 
 flammations : also they say it kills worms, hogs that will not eat their meat. Your 
 
 only way is to boil it, it is in its prime about 
 the latter end of July, or beginning of 
 August : at which time being gathered it 
 
 and therefore by some is called Maw-worm- 
 seed. 
 
 Ciissutha, cascuta, potagralini. Dodder. 
 See Epithimum. may be kept dry all the year. Brassavolm, 
 
 Caryophyllata. Avens, or Herb Bennet, \ Cdmerarius. 
 
 hot and dry : they help the cholic, rawness : Caryfolium vulgare et Myrrhis. Common 
 of the stomach, stitches in the sides, -and great chervil: Take them both together, 
 stoppings of the liver, and bruises. \ and they are temperately hot and dry, pro- 
 
 Cataputia minor. A kind of Spurge. See J voke urine, stir up venery, comfort the 
 Tythymulus. \ heart, and are good for old people ; help 
 
 Cattaria, Nepeta. Nep, or Catmints, j pleurises and pricking in the sides. 
 The virtues are the same with Calaminth. Capea, Anagallis aquatica. Brooklime, 
 
 Cauda Equina. Horse-tail; is of a bind-! hot and dry, but not so hot and dry as 
 ing drying quality, cures wounds, and is an j Water cresses ; they help mangy horses ; 
 admirable remedy forsinews that are shrunk : j see Water cresses. 
 
 it is a sure remedy for bleeding at the nose, j Ceterach, $c. Spleenwort : moderately 
 or by wound, stops the menses, fluxes, \ hot, waste and consumes the spleen, inso- 
 ulcers in the reins and bladder, coughs, j much that Vitruvius affirms he hath known 
 ulcers in the lungs, difficulty of breathing, j hogs that have fed upon it, that have had 
 
 Caulis, Brassica hortensis, sihestris. Cole- . (when they were killed) no spleens at all. 
 wort, or Cabbages, garden and wild. They I It is excellently good for melancholy people, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 helps the stranguary, provokes urine, and I Cinara, $c Artichokes. They provoke 
 breaks the stone in the bladder, boil it and j venery, and purge by urine, 
 drink the decoction; but because a little j Cichorium. Succory, to which add Endive 
 boiling will carry away the strength of it in j which comes after. They are cold and dry 
 vapours, let it boil but very little, and let it j in the second degree, cleansing and open- 
 stand close stopped till it be cold before $ ing ; they cool the heats of the liver, and 
 you strain it out ; this is the general rule | are profitable in the yellow jaundice, and 
 for all simples of this nature. j burning fevers ; help excoriations in the 
 
 Chamapitys. Ground-pine ; hot in the J privities, hot stomachs ; and outwardly ap- 
 second degree, and dry in the third, helps j plied, help hot rheums in the eyes, 
 the jaundice, sciatica, stopping of the liver, * Cicuta. Hemlock: cold in the fourth 
 and spleen, provokes the menses, cleanses! degree, poisonous: outwardly applied, it 
 the entrails, dissolves congealed blood, re- , helps Priapismus, the shingles, St. Anthony's 
 sists poison, cures wounds and ulcers, \fire, or any eating ulcers. 
 Strong bodies may take a dram, and weak* Clematis Daphnoides, Vinca provinca. Pen- 
 bodies half a drain of it in powder at a j winkle. Hot in the second degree, some- 
 time. 1 thing dry and binding ; stops lasks, spitting 
 
 Chameemelum, sativum^ sylvestre. Garden \ of blood, and the menses, 
 and Wild Chamomel. Garden Chamomel, j Consolida major. Comfrey, I do not con- 
 is hot and dry in the first degree, and as \ ceive the leaves to be so virtuous as the 
 gallant a medicine against the stone in the i roots. 
 
 bladder as grows upon the earth, you may $ Consolida media. Bugles, of which before, 
 take it inwardly, I mean the decoction of j Consolida minima. Daises, 
 it, being boiled in white wine, or inject the! Consolida rubra. Golden Rod : hot and 
 juice of it into the bladder with a syringe. | dry in the second degree, cleanses the reins 
 It expels wind, helps belchmgs, and potent- j provokes urine, brings away the gravel 
 ly provokes the menses : used in baths, it j an admirable herb for wounded people to 
 helps pains in the sides, gripings and > take inwardly, stops blood, &c. 
 gnawings in the belly. Consolida Regalis, Delphinium. Lark 
 
 Chamadris, fyc. Germander : hot and 5 . heels : resist poison, help the bitings of 
 dry in the third degree ; cuts and brings venomous beasts. 
 
 away tough humours, opens stoppings of the Saracenica Solidago. Saracens Confound. 
 liver and spleen, helps coughs and shortness | Helps inward wounds, sore mouths, sore 
 of breath, stranguary and stopping of urine, $ throats, wasting of the lungs, and liver, 
 and provokes the menses ; half a dram is j Coronepus. Buchorn Plantane, or Sea- 
 enough to take at a time. i plantain : cold and dry, helps the bitings 
 
 Chelidonium utrumque. Celandine both 
 
 of venomous beasts, either taken inwardly, 
 
 sorts. Small Celandine is usually called \ or applied to the wound : helps the cholic, 
 Pilewort; it is something hotter and dryer j breaks the stone. JEgineta. 
 than the former, it helps the hemorrhoids j Coronaria. Hath got many English 
 or piles, bruised and applied to the grief. ,; names. Cottonweed, Cudweed, ChafFweed, 
 Celandine the greater is hot and dry (they ! and Petty Cotton. Of a drying and bind 
 say in the third degree) any way used ;{ ing nature ; boiled in lye, it keeps the head 
 either the juice or made into an oil or oint- from nits and lice; being laid among 
 ment, it is a great preserver of the sight, \ clothes, it keeps them safe from moths, 
 and an excellent help for the eyes. i kills worms, helps the bitings of venomous 
 
236 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 coughs of the lungs, and vehement head- 
 aches. 
 
 Cruclata. Crosswort: (there is a kind 
 of Gentian called also by this name, which 
 
 beasts ; taken in a tobacco-pipe, it helps ! it is to poison ; it is an admirable remedy 
 
 against wounds and gunshot, wounds made 
 with poisoned weapons, it draws out splin- 
 ters, broken bones, &c. The dose from half 
 a dram to a dram. 
 
 I pass by) is drying and binding, exceed- \ Dipsacus, sativ. sylv. Teazles, garden 
 ing good for inward or outward wounds, and wild, the leaves bruised and applied to 
 either inwardly taken, or outwardly ap- the temples, allay the heat in fevers, qualify 
 plied: and an excellent remedy for such I the rage in frenzies ; the juice dropped into 
 as are bursten. 1 the ears, kills worms in them, dropped into 
 
 Crassitla. Orpine. Very good: out-: the eyes, clears the sight, helps redness and 
 wardly used with vinegar, it clears the skin; I pimples in the face, being anointed with it. 
 inwardly taken, it helps gnawings of the : Ebulus. Dwarf Elder, or Walwort. Hot 
 stomach and bowels, ulcers in the lungs, | and dry in the third degree ; waste hard 
 bloody-flux, and quinsy in the throat, for \ swellings, being applied in form of a 
 which last disease it is inferior to none, \ poultice; the hair of the head anointed with 
 take not too much of it at a time, because | the juice of it turns it black ; the leaves 
 
 of its coolness. 
 Crithamus, 
 
 Sampire. Hot and dry, 
 
 Echium. Viper's-bugloss, Viper's-herb, 
 Snake bugloss, Wal-bugloss, Wild-bugloss, 
 several counties give it these several names : 
 It is a singular remedy being eaten, for the- 
 biting of venomous beasts : continually 
 
 being applied to the place, help inflamma- 
 tions, burnings, scaldings, the bitings of 
 
 helps difficulty of urine, the yellow jaun- mad dogs; mingled with bulls suet is a pre- 
 dice, provokes the menses, helps digestion, j sent remedy for the gout ; inwardly taken, 
 opens stoppings of the liver and spleen. I is a singular purge for the dropsy and gout. 
 
 Cucumis Asininus. Wild Cucumbers. See 
 Elaterium. 
 
 Cyanus major, minor. Blue bottle, great 
 and small, a fine cooling herb, helps, 
 
 bruises, wounds, broken veins; the juice \ eating of it makes the body invincible against 
 dropped into the eye, helps the inflamma- j the poison of serpents, toads, spiders, &c. 
 lions thereof. \ however it be administered ; it comforts the 
 
 Cygnoglossam. Hound's-Tongue, cold and i heart, expels sadness and melancholy. The 
 dry : applied to the fundament helps the $ rich may make the flowers into a conserve, 
 hemorrhoids, heals wounds and ulcers, and ; and the herb into a syrup, the poor may 
 is a present remedy against the bitings of j keep it dry , both may keep it as a jewel, 
 dogs, burnings and scaldings. Empetron, Calcifragra^ Herniaria, $c. 
 
 Cypret>sus, Charnoe Cyparissus. Cypress- j Rupture-wort, or Burst-wort. The English 
 o-ee. The leaves are hot and binding, help j name tells you it is good against ruptures, 
 -uptures, and Polypus or flesh growing on | and so such as are bursten shall find it, if 
 the nose. I they please to make trial of it, either in- 
 
 Chanuz a/parissus. Is Lavender Cotton, i wardly taken, or outwardly applied to the 
 
 *" i i.l 1 I . 1 T . 111 
 
 Resists poison, and kills worms. 
 
 Disetamnus Crdenis. Dictamny, or Dit- j it forth to be good against the stone, which 
 
 tany of Greet, hot and dry, brings away 
 dead children, hastens delivery, brings away 
 the placenta, the very smell of it drives 
 
 place, or both. Also the Latin names hold 
 
 whoso tries shall find true. 
 
 Enula Campana. Elicampane. Provok 
 urine. See the root. 
 
 away venomous beasts, so deadly an enemy ; Epitliinium. Dodder of Time, to whic 
 
AND EN GUSH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 237 
 
 ?dd common Dodder, which is usually that \ Fragaria. Strawberry leaves, are cold, 
 frhich grows upon flax : indeed every Dod- ; dry, and binding, a singular remedy for 
 der retains a virtue of that herb or plant j inflammations and wounds, hot diseases in 
 t grows upon, as Dodder that grows upon j the throat ; they stop fluxes and the terms, 
 Broom, provokes urine forcibly, and j cool the heat of the stomach, and the in- 
 loosens the belly, and is moister than that j flammations of the liver. The best way is 
 which grows upon flax that which grows j to boil them in barley water, 
 upon time, is hotter and dryer than that ; Fraxinns, &>c. Ash-trees, the leaves are 
 which grows upon flax, even in the third j moderately hot and dry, cure the bitings of 
 degree, opens obstructions, helps infirmities j Adders, and Serpents ; they stop looseness, 
 of the spleen, purgeth melancholy, relieves j and stay vomiting, help the rickets, open 
 drooping spirits, helps the rickets : That I stoppages of the liver and spleen, 
 which grows on flax, is excellent for agues | Fumaria. Fumitory : cold and dry, it 
 in young children, strengthens weak j opens and cleanses by urine, helps such as 
 stomachs, purgeth choler, provokes urine, j are itchy, and scabbed, clears the skin, 
 opens stoppings in the reins and bladder. j opens stoppings of the liver and spleen, 
 That which grows upon nettles, provokes j helps rickets, hypochondriac melancholy, 
 urine exceedingly. The way of using it is j madness, frenzies, quartan agues, loosens 
 to boil it in white wine, or other convenient ] the belly, gently purgeth melancholy, and 
 decoction, and boil it very little. JEtias, < addust choler : boil it in white wine, and 
 Mesue, Actuarius, Serapio, Avincena. | take this one general rule. All things of a 
 
 Eruch. Rocket, hot and dry in the j cleansing or opening nature may be most com- 
 third degree, being eaten alone, causeth \ modiously boiled in white wine. Remember 
 head-ache, by its heat procures urine. Galen. I but this, and then I need not repeat it. 
 Eupatoriutn. See Ageratum. Galega. Goat's-rue : Temperate in 
 
 Euphragia. Eyebright is something hot | quality, resists poison, kills worms, helps 
 and dry, the very sight of it refresheth the j the falling-sickness, resists the pestilence, 
 eyes ; inwardly taken, it restores the sight, I You may take a dram of it at a time in 
 and makes old men's eyes young, a dram ; powder. 
 
 of it taken in the morning is worth a pair j Gallon. Ladies-bed straw : dry and bind- 
 of spectacles, it comforts and strengthens | ing, stanches blood, boiled in oil, the oil is 
 the memory, outwardly applied to the j good to anoint a weary traveller ; inwardly 
 place, it helps the eyes. j it provokes venery. 
 
 TV 7 * _/* " "N S~1 i * O * 1 
 
 Filixfcemina. 
 
 Filicula, polypidium. J- See the roots. 
 
 Gentiana. See the root. 
 
 Genista. Brooms : hot and dry in the 
 
 Filipendula. j ; second degree, cleanse and open the stomach, 
 
 Malahathram. Indian -leaf, hot and dry j break the stone in the reins and bladder, 
 in the second degree, comforts the stomach \ help the green sickness. Let such as are 
 exceedingly, helps digestion, provokes \ troubled with heart-qualms or faintings, 
 urine, helps inflammations of the eyes, forbear it, for it weakens the heart and 
 
 secures cloaths from moths. 
 
 Fteniculum. Fennel, encreaseth milk in 
 nurses, provokes urine, breaks the stone, 
 
 spirit vital. See the flowers. 
 
 Geranium. Cranebill, the divers sorts of 
 it, one of which is that which is called 
 
 eascth pains in the reins, opens stoppings, \ Muscata ; it is thought to be cool and dry, 
 breaks wind, provokes the menses ; you | helps hot swellings, and by its smell amends 
 may boil it in white wine. j a hot brain. 
 
238 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Geranium Columbinum. Doves-foot ; helps j milk in nurses, aal outwardly by ointment 
 the wind cholic, pains in the belly, stone in > helps leprosies. 
 
 the reins and bladder, and is good in rup- ; Herniaria. The same with Empetron. 
 tures, and inward wounds. I suppose these 1 Helxine. Pellitory of the wall. Cold. 
 
 moist, cleansing, helps the stone and gravel 
 the kidnies, difficulty of urine, sore 
 
 in 
 
 throats, pains in the ears, the juice 
 
 are the general virtues of them all. 
 
 Gramen. Grass: See the root. 
 
 Gratiola. Hedge-Hyssop, purges water 
 
 and fiegm, but works very churlishly, j dropped in them; outwardly it helps the 
 Gesner commends it in dropsies. {shingles and St. Anthonys fire. 
 
 Asphodelus f&m. See the root. Hyppoglossum. Horse-tongue, Tongne- 
 
 Hepatica, Lichen. Liverwort, cold and : blade or Double-Tongue. The roots help 
 dry, good for inflammations of the liver, ; the stranguary, provoke urine, ease the 
 or any other inflammations, yellow jaundice. 1 hard labour of women, provoke the menses, 
 
 Hedera Arborea, Terrostris. Tree and t the herb helps ruptures and the fits of the 
 Ground-Ivy. Tree-Ivy helps ulcers, burn- ! mother : it is hot in the second degree, dry 
 
 11" .111 /Y* ' /* 1 1 " 1 f* 1 * 1 . 1* 
 
 ings, scaldings, the bad effects of the spleen ; 
 the juice snuffed up the nose, purges the 
 head, it is admirable for surfeits or head- 
 ache, or any other ill effects coming of 
 drunkenness. Ground-Ivy is that which 
 usually is called Alehoof, hot and dry, the 
 juice helps noise in the ears, fistula's, gouts, 
 stoppings of the liver, it strengthens the 
 reins and stops the menses, helps the yellow 
 jaundice, and other diseases coming of 
 stoppings of the liver, and is excellent for 
 wounded people. 
 
 Herba Camphorata. Stinking; Ground- 
 
 in the first : boil it in white wine. 
 
 Hyppolapatliitm. Patience, or Monk's 
 Rhubarb : see the Root. 
 
 Hypposdinum. Alexanders, or Alisan- 
 ders : provoke urine, expel the placenta, 
 help the stranguary, expel wind. 
 
 Sage either taken inwardly or beaten and 
 applied plaister-wise to the matrix, draws 
 forth both menses and placenta. 
 
 Hormimim. Clary : hot and dry in the 
 third degree; helps the weakness in the 
 back, stops the running of the reins, and 
 the Fluor Albus, provokes the menses, and 
 
 pine, is of a drying quality, and therefore j helps women that are barren through cold- 
 stops defluxions either in the eyes or upon \ ness or moisture, or both : causes fruitful- 
 
 the lungs, the gout, cramps, palsies, aches : 
 strengthens the nerves. 
 
 ness, but is hurtful for the memory. The 
 ^ usual way of taking it is to fry it with but- 
 
 Herbu Paralysis, Primula veris. 
 roses, or Cowslips, which you will. The 5 Hydropiper. Arsmart. Hot and dry, 
 leaves help pains in the head and joints ; | consumes all coW swellings and blood con- 
 see the flowers which are most in use. j gealed by bruises, and stripes ; applied to 
 
 Herba Paris. Herb True-love, or One- \ the place, it helps that aposthume in the 
 berry. It is good for wounds, falls, bruises, j joints, commonly called a felon: strewed 
 aposthumes, inflammations, ulcers in the j in a chamber, kills all the fleas there: this 
 privities. Herb True-love, is very cold in \ is hottest Arsmart, and is unfit to be given 
 temperature. You may take half a dram inwardly : there is a milder sort, called 
 
 of it at a time in powder. 
 
 Herba Roberti, A kind of Cranebill. 
 
 Herba venti^ Anemone. Wind-flower. The 
 juice snuffed up in the nose purgeth the 
 head, it cleanses filthy ulcers, encreases \ for the gout, being roasted between two 
 
 Persicaria, which is of a cooler and milder 
 quality, drying, excellently good for putri- 
 fied ulcers, kills worms : 1 had almost for- 
 got that the former is an admirable remedy 
 
 / .1 * i * 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED, 
 
 239 
 
 Ules and applied to tne grieved place, and ; 
 yet 1 had it from Dr. Butler too. 
 
 Hysopus. Hysop. Helps coughs, short- 1 
 ness of breath, wheezing, distillations upon 
 theiungs: it is of a cleansing quality: kills 
 worms in the body, amends the whole 
 colour of the body, helps the dropsy and 
 spleen, sore throats, and noise in the ears. | 
 See Syrup of Hysop. 
 
 Hyosciamus, $c. Henbane. The white; 
 Henbane is held to be cold in the third } 
 degree, the black or common Henbane and j 
 the yellow, in the fourth. They stupify \ 
 the senses, and therefore not to be taken { 
 inwardly, outwardly applied, they help! 
 inflammations, hot gouts : applied to the 
 temples they provoke sleep. 
 
 Hypericon. St. John's Wort. It is as 
 gallant a wound-herb as any is, either! 
 given inwardly, or outwardly applied toj 
 the wound : it is hot and dry, opens stopp- j 
 ings, helps spitting and vomiting of blood, 
 it cleanses the reins, provokes the menses, 
 helps congealed blood in the stomach and 
 meseraic veins, the falling-sickness, palsy, 
 cramps and aches in the joints ; you may 
 give it in powder or any convenient decoc- 1 
 lion. 
 
 Hypoglottis, Laurus, Alexandrina. Laurel | 
 of Alexandria, provokes urine and thej 
 menses, and is held to be a singular help to ; 
 women in travail. 
 
 Hypoglossum, the same with Hypoglossum j 
 before, only different names given by dif-j 
 ferent authors, the one deriving his name? 
 from the tongue of ahorse, of which forrnj 
 the leaf is; the other the form of the little* 
 leaf, bt cause small leaves like small tongues; 
 grow upon the greater. 
 
 Iberis Cardamantice. Sci atica- cresses. $ 
 I suppose so called because they help the| 
 Sciatica, or Huckle-bone Gout. 
 
 Ingumalis, Asther. Setwort or Shart-j 
 wort : being bruised and applied, they help ! 
 swellings, botches, and venerous swellings j 
 io the groin, whence they took their name, 
 
 as also inflammation and falling out of the 
 fundament. 
 
 Iris. See the roots. 
 
 Isatis, Glastum. Woad. Drying and 
 binding ; the side being bathed with it, it 
 easeth pains in the spleen, cleanseth filthy 
 corroding gnawing ulcers. 
 
 Iva Arfhritica. The same with Cairuiepytis 
 
 luncw oderatus. The same with Schce- 
 nanthus. 
 
 Labrum veneris. The same with Dipsacus. 
 
 Lactuca. Lettice. Cold and moist, cools 
 the inflammation of the stomach, commonly 
 called heart-burning: provokes sleep, resists 
 drunkenness, and takes away the ill effects, 
 of it; cools the blood, quenches thirst, breeds 
 milk, and is good for choleric bodies, and 
 such as have a frenzy, or are frantic. It is 
 more wholesome eaten boiled than raw. 
 
 Logabus, Herba Leporina. A kind of 
 Trefoil growing in France and Spain. Let 
 them that live there look after the virtues 
 of it. 
 
 Lavendula. Lavender : Hot and dry in 
 the third degree : the temples and forehead 
 bathed with the juice of it; as also the smell 
 of the herb helps swoonings, catalepsis, 
 falling-sickness, provided it be not accom- 
 panied with a fever. See the flowers. 
 
 Laure.ola. Laurel. The leaves purge 
 upward and downward : they are good for 
 rheumatic people to chew in their mouths, 
 for they draw forth much water. 
 
 Laurus. Bay-tree. The leaves are hot 
 and dry, resist drunkenness, they gently 
 bind and help diseases in the bladder, help 
 the stinging of bees and wasps, mitigate 
 the pain of the stomach, dry and heal, 
 open obstructions of the liver and spleen, 
 resist the pestilence. 
 
 Lappa Minor. The lesser Burdock. 
 
 Lentiscus. Mastich-tree. Both the leaves 
 and bark of it stop fluxes (being hot and 
 dry in the second degree) spitting anc 
 evacuations of blood, and the falling ou 
 of the fundament. 
 
240 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Lens palustris. Duckmcat : Cold and ? provoke urine , the young sprouts open 
 moist in the second degree, helps inflamrna- j stoppings of the liver and spleen, cleanse 
 tions, hot swellings, and the falling out of I the blood, clear the skin, help scabs and 
 the fundament, being warmed and applied j itch, help agues, purge choler : they are 
 to the place. | usually boiled and taken as they eat asparagus, 
 
 Lcpidium Piperites. Dittander, Pepper- j but if you would keep them, for they are 
 
 wort, or Scar- wort : A hot fiery sharp herb, 
 admirable for the gout being applied to the 
 
 the tooth-ache, and withall leaves a wan 
 colour in the hand that holds it. 
 
 Livisticum. Lovage. Clears the sight, 
 takes away redness and freckles from the 
 face. 
 
 Libanotis Coronaria. See Rosemary. 
 
 excellent for these diseases, you may make 
 them into a conserve, or into a syrup 
 
 place : being only held in the hand, it helps i Lychnitis Coronaria : or as others write 
 
 it, Lychnis. Rose Campion. I know no 
 great physical virtue it hath. 
 
 Mads. See the barks. 
 
 Magistrantia. $c. Masterwort. Hot and 
 dry in the third degree : it is good against 
 poison, pestilence, corrupt and unwhole- 
 
 Linaria. Toad-flax, or Wild-flax : hot j some air, helps windiness in the stomach, 
 and dry, cleanses the reins and bladder, \ causeth an appetite to one's victuals, very 
 provokes urine, opens the stoppings of the j profitable in falls and bruises, congealed 
 liver and spleen, and helps diseases coming; and clotted blood, the bitings of mad-dogs; 
 thereof: outwardly it takes away yellow- ; the leaves chewed in the mouth, cleanse the 
 ness and deformity of the skin. ', brain of superfluous humours, thereby pro 
 
 Lillium convallium. Lilly of the Valley. ? venting lethargies, and apoplexes. 
 See the flowers. * j Malva. Mallows. The best of Authors 
 
 Lingua Cerrina. Hart s-longue : drying j account wild Mallows to be best, and hold 
 and binding, stops blood, the menses and j them to be cold and moist in the first degree, 
 fluxes, opens stoppings of the liver and i they are profitable in the bitings of venom- 
 spleen, and diseases thence arising. The ] ous beasts, the stinging of bees and wasps, 
 like quantity of Hart's-tongue, Knotgrass ; &c. Inwardly they resist poison, provoke 
 and Comfrey Roots, being boiled in water, j to stool ; outwardly they assuage hard 
 and a draught of the decoction drunk every | swellings of the privities or other places; in 
 
 morning, and the materials which have 
 boiled applied to the place, is a notable 
 remedy for such as are bursten. 
 
 Limonium. Sea-bugloss, or Marsh-bug- 
 
 clysters they help roughness and fretting of 
 the entrails, bladder, or fundament ; and so 
 they do being boiled in water, and the 
 decoction drank, as I have proved in the 
 bloody flux. 
 
 Majorana. See Amaraeus. 
 
 Mandrasora. Mandrakes. Fit for no 
 
 loss, or Sea- Lavender; the seeds being very 
 drying and binding, stop fluxes and the 
 menses, help the cholic and stranguary. 
 
 Lotus urbana. Authors make some flutter j vulgar use, but only to be used in cooling 
 about this herb, I conceive the best take it | ointments. 
 
 to be Trisolium Odoratum, Sweet Trefoyl, j Marrubium, album, nigrum,fcctidum. 
 which is of a temperate nature, cleanses j Marrubium album, is common Horehound. 
 the eyes gently of such things as hinder the \ Hot in the second degree, and dry in the 
 sight, cures green wounds, ruptures, or j third, opens the liver and spleen, cleanses 
 burstness, helps such as urine blood or are: the breast and lungs, helps old coughs, 
 bruised, and secures garments from moths. I pains in the sides, ptisicks, or ulceration of 
 
 Lupulus. Hops. Opening, cleansing, j the lungs, it provokes the menses, ease* 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 241 
 
 hard labour in child-bearing, brings away i stomach, stay vomiting, stop the menses, 
 
 help sore heads in children, strengthen the 
 stomach, cause digestion ; outwardly ap- 
 plied, they help the bitings of mad-dogs: 
 Yet they hinder conception. 
 
 Memba aquatica. Water Mints : Ease 
 
 the placenta. See the syrups. 
 
 Marrubium, nigrum, et fcetidum. Black i 
 and stinking Horehouud, I take to be all i 
 erne. Hot and dry in the third degree;; 
 cures the bitings of mad dogs, wastes and { 
 
 consumes hard knots in the fundament and S pains of the belly, head-ache, and vomiting, 
 matrix, cleanses filthy ulcers. i gravel in the kiclnies and stone. 
 
 Marum. Herb Mastich. Hot and dry j Methastritm. Horse-mint. I know no 
 
 in the third degree, good 
 and convulsions. 
 
 against cramps 
 
 difference between them and water mints. 
 Mercurialis, mas,fcemina. Mercury male 
 
 Matricaria. Feverfew. Hot in the third J and female, they are both hot and dry in 
 degree, dry in the second ; opens, purges ; j the second degree, cleansing, digesting, they 
 a singular remedy for diseases incident to j purge watery humours, and further concep- 
 the matrix, and other diseases incident to ition. 
 
 women, eases their travail, and infirmities i Mezeretm. Spruge-Olive, or Widdow- 
 coming after it; it helps the vertigo or dis-i wail. A dangerous purge, better let alone 
 siness of the head, melancholy sad thoughts : than meddled with. 
 
 you may boil it either alone, or with other Millefolium. Yarrow. Meanly cold and 
 herbs fit for the same purpose, with which binding, an healing herb for wounds, 
 this treatise will furnish you: applied to i stanches bleeding ; and some say the juice 
 the wrists, it helps the ague. [snuffed up the nose, causeth it to bleed, 
 
 Matrisylva. The same with Caprifolium. \ whence it was called, Nose-bleed ; it 
 
 Mdiotus. Melilot. Inwardly taken, pro- : 
 vokes urine, breaks the Stone, cleanses the 
 reins and bladder, cutteth and cleanses the 
 lungs of tough flegm , the juice dropped 
 into the eyes, clears the sight, into the ears, 
 mitigates pain and noise there ; the head 
 bathed with the juice mixed with vinegar, 
 
 takes away the pains thereof: outwardly 
 in pultisses, it assuages swellings in the pri- 
 vities and elsewhere. 
 
 Mellissa. Balm. Hot and dry : out- 
 wardly mixed with salt and applied to the 
 neck, helps the King's-evil, bitings of mad 
 dogs, venomous beasts, and such as cannot 
 
 stops lasks, and the menses, helps the 
 running of the reins, helps inflammations 
 and excoriations of the priapus, as also 
 inflammations of wounds. Galen. 
 
 Muscus. Mosse. Is something cold and 
 binding, yet usually retains a smatch of the 
 property of the tree it grows on; therefore 
 that which grows upon oaks is very dry and 
 binding. Serapio saith that it being infused 
 in Avine, and the wine drank, it stays vomit- 
 ing and fluxes, as also the Fluor Albus. 
 
 Myrtus. Myrtle-tree. The leaves are 
 of, a cold earthly quality, drying and bind- 
 ing, good for fluxes, spitting and vomiting of 
 
 hold their neck as they should do; inwardly blood ; stop the Fluor Albus and menses. 
 it is an excellent remedy for a cold and j Nardus. See the root, 
 moist stomach, cheers the heart, refreshes j Nasturtium, Aquaticum, Hortense. Water 
 the mind, takes away griefs, sorrow, and (cresses, and Garden-cresses. Garden- 
 care, instead of which it produces joy and j cresses are hot and dry in the fourth degree, 
 mirth. See the syrup. Galen, Avicenna. \ good for thes curvy, sciatica, hard swellings, 
 Mentha saliva. Garden Mints, Spear j yet do they trouble the belly, ease pains of 
 Mints. Are hot and dry in the third degree, j the spleen, provoke lust. Dioscorides. Water 
 provoke hunger, are wholesome for the j cresses are hot and dry, cleanse the blood 
 
242 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 help the scurvy, provoke urine and the {travel four days without either meat or 
 menses, break the stone, help the green-sick- j drink, by only chewing a little of this in 
 
 uess, cause a fresh lively colour. 
 
 Nasturtium Alhum, Thlaspie. Treacle- 
 mustard. Hot and dry in the third degree, 
 purges violently, dangerous for pregnant 
 
 their mouths : It eases the body of super- 
 fluous humours, opens stoppings See the 
 ointment of Tobacco. 
 
 Nummularia. Money -\rort, or Herb 
 
 women Outwardly it is applied with profit j Two-pence; cold, dry, binding, helps fluxes, 
 to the gout. | stops the menses, helps ulcers in the lungs; 
 
 Nicorimt. Tobacco. It is hot and dry ! outwardly it is a special herb for wounds, 
 in the second degree, and of a cleansing ! Nymphea. See the flowers, 
 nature : the leaves warmed and applied to > ; Ocynum. Basil, hot and moist. The best 
 the head, are excellently good in inveterate j use that I know of it, is, it gives speedy 
 head-aches and megrims, if the diseases j deliverance to women in travail. Let them 
 come through cold or wind, change them \ not take above half a dram of it at a time 
 often till the diseases be gone, help such 1 1 in powder, and be sure also the birth be 
 whose necks be stiff: it eases the faults of ! ripe, else it causes abortion, 
 the breast : Asthma's or head-flegm in the \ Olece folia. Olive leaves : they are hard 
 lappets of the lungs : eases the pains of the ! to come by here. 
 
 stomach and windiness thereof: being heated | Ononis. Restharrow. See the roots, 
 by the fire, and applied hot to the side, they \ Ophioglossum. Adder's-tongue. The leaves 
 loosen the belly, and kill worms being ap- j are very drying : being boiled in oil they 
 plied unto it in like manner : they break j make a dainty green balsam for green 
 the stone being applied in like manner to * wounds : taken inwardly, they help inward 
 the region of the bladder : help the rickets, wounds. 
 
 being applied to the belly and sides: applied 
 to the navel, they give present ease to the 
 
 Origanum. Origany : a kind of wild 
 Marjoram ; hot and dry in the third degree, 
 
 fits of the mother : they take away cold | helps the bitings of venomous beasts, such 
 aches in the joints applied to them: boiled, \ as have taken Opium, Hemlock, or Poppy; 
 the liquor absolutely and speedily cures \ provokes urine, brings down the menses, 
 scabs and itch: neither is there any betters helps old coughs; in an ointment it helps 
 salve in the world for wounds than may be ! scabs and itch. 
 
 made of it : for it cleanses, fetches out the \ Oxylapathum. Sorrel. See Acetosa. 
 filth though it lie in the bones, brings up the Papaver, $c. Poppies, white, black, or 
 flesh from the bottom, and all this it doth : erratick. I refer you to the syrups of each 
 speedily : it cures wounds made with poi- j Parietaria. Given once before under the 
 soned weapons, and for this Clusius brings : name of Hehine. 
 
 many experiences too tedious here to relate. \ Pastiruea. Parsnips. See the roots. 
 It is an admirable thing for carbuncles and ! Persicaria. See Hydropiper. This is the 
 plague-sores, inferior to none: green wounds [milder sort of Arsmart [described there: 
 'twill cure in a trice : ulcers and gangreens \ If ever you find it amongst the compounds, 
 very speedily, not only in men, but also in | take it under that notion, 
 beasts, therefore the Indians dedicated it to \ Pentaphyllium. Cinquefoil: very drying, , 
 their god. Taken in a pipe, it hath almost! yet but meanly hot, if at all ; helps ulcers 
 as many virtues; it easeth weariness, takes! in the mouth, roughness of the wind-pipe" 
 away the sense of hunger and thirst, pro- j (whence comes hoarsness and coughs, &c.) 
 vokes to stool: he saith, the Indians will I helps fluxes, creeping ulcers, and the yellow 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 242 
 
 jaundice ; they say one leaf cures a quoti- j helps all inward inflammations whatsoever 
 dian ague, three a tertain, and four a j Porrum. Leeks. See the roois. 
 quartan. I know it will cure agues without | Primula Veris. See Cowslips, or the 
 this curiosity, if a wise man have the hand- j Flowers, which you will. 
 Cng of it ; otherwise a cart load will not j Prunella. Self-heal, Carpenter's-herh, 
 do it. i and Sicklewort. Moderately hot and dry, 
 
 Petroselinum. Parsley. See Smallage. ! binding. See Bugle, the virtues being the 
 
 Per Columbinus. See Geranium. \ same. 
 
 Persicarium folia. Peach Leaves: they \ Puleghtm. Pennyroyal; hot and dry in 
 are a gentle, yet a complete purger of j the third degree,; provokes urine, breaks 
 choler, and disease coming from thence ; 5 the stone in the reins, strengthens women's 
 (it for children because of their gentleness, i backs, provokes the menses, easeth their 
 You may boil them in white wine: a hand- \ labour in child-bed, brings away the pla- 
 tull is enough at a time. j centa, stays vomiting, strengthens the brain, 
 
 Pilosella. Mouse-ear : once before and 5 breaks wind, and helps the vertigo, 
 this is often enough. Pulmonaria, arborea, et SympJnjtrnn macu- 
 
 Pithyusa. A new name for Spurge ofilosum. Lung- wort. It helps infirmities of 
 the last Edition. the lungs, as hoarsness, coughs, wheezing, 
 
 Plantago. Plantain. Cold and dry ; an ) shortness of breath, &c. You may boil it 
 herb, though common, yet let none des- in Hyssop-water, or any other water that 
 pise it, for the decoction of it prevails strengthens the lungs. 
 
 mightily against tormenting pains and ex- Pulicaria. Fleabane ; hot and dry in the 
 conations of the entrails, bloody fluxes, it $ third degree, helps the biting of venomous 
 stops the menses, and spitting of blood, j beasts, wounds and swellings, the yellow 
 phthisicks, or consumptions of the lungs, ; jaundice, the falling sickness, and such as 
 the running of the reins, and the Fluor j cannot make water; being burnt, the smoak 
 Albus, pains in the head, and frenzies: out- i of it kills all the gnats and fleas in the 
 wardly it clears the sight, takes away in- \ chamber ; it is dangerous for pregnant 
 flammations, scabs, itch, the shingles, and ; women. 
 
 all spreading sores, and is as wholesome an * Pynis sylvestris. Wild Pear-tree. I 
 herb as can grow about any an house. * know no virtue in the leaves. 
 Tragits, Dioscorides. Pyrola. Winter-green. Cold and dry, 
 
 Politcm, $c. Policy, or Pellamountain : j and very binding, stops fluxes, and the 
 All the sorts are hot in the second degree, | menses, and is admirably good in green 
 and dry in the third: helps dropsies, the yel- j wounds. 
 
 low jaundice, infirmities of the spleen, and \ Qnercus folia. Oak Leaves : Are much 
 provokes urine. Dioscorides. \ of I he nature of the former, stay the Fluor 
 
 Polygmum. Knotgrass. j Albus. See the bark. 
 
 Polytricum. Maidenhair. Ranunculus. Hath got a sort of English 
 
 f\ 1 T^ 1 f^ 11 1 * "VT" S~\ f* ~WT" * ' 1 -i > i i 
 
 Names : Crowfoot, King-kob, Gold-cups, 
 Gold-knobs, Butter-flowers, &c. they are 
 of a notable hot quality, unfit to be taken 
 
 Portulaca. Purslain: Cold and moist 
 in the second or third degree: cools hot 
 stomachs, and it is admirable for one that 
 
 hath his teeth on edge by eating sour apples, \ inwardly: If you bruise the roots and apply 
 it cools the blood, liver, and is good for hot j them to a plague-sore, they are notable 
 diseases, or inflammations in any of these Uhings to draw the venom to them, 
 places, stops fluxes, and the menses, and j Raparum folia. If they do mean Turnip 
 
 3 it 
 
44 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 leaves, when they are young and tender, ; the boughs stuck about a chamber, wonder- 
 they are held to provoke urine. I fully cool the air, and refresh such as have 
 
 Rosmarirum. llostmary, hot and dry in j fevers ; the leaves applied to the head, 
 the second degree, binding, stops ihixqs, j help hot diseases there, and frenzies 
 helps stuffings in the head, the yellow jaun-j ^anjptucMan Marjoram, 
 dice, helps the memory, expels wind. Seel Snnicula. Sanicle; hot and dry in the 
 the flowers. Serapio, Dioscorides. i second degree, cleanses wounds and ulcers. 
 
 Rosa solis. See the water. Sapoitaria. Sope-wort, or Bruise-wort, 
 
 Rosa alba, rubra, Damascena. White, i vulgarly used in bruises and cut fingers, 
 Red, and Damask Roses. \ and is of notable use in the veneral disease 
 
 Rumex. Dock ; All the ordinary sort of j Satureia. Savory. Summer savory is 
 Docks are of a cool and drying substance, j hot and dry in the third degree, Winter 
 and therefore stop fluxes; and the leaves j savory is not so hot, both of them expel 
 are seldom used in physic. : wind. 
 
 Rnbus Idteus : Raspis, Raspberries, or ; Sazifragia alba. White Saxifrage, breaks 
 Hind-berries: I know no great virtues in wind, helps the cholic and stone, 
 the leaves. Scabiosa, Scabious : hot and dry in the 
 
 Rnta. Rue, or Herb of Grace ; hot and j second degree, cleanses the breast and lungs, 
 dry in the third degree, consumes the seed, i helps old rotten coughs, and difficulty of 
 and is an enemy to generation, helps dif- j breathing, provokes urine, and cleanses the 
 ficulty of breathing, and inflammations of: bladder of filthy stuff, breaks aposthumes, 
 the lungs, pains in the sides, inflammations i and cures scabs and itch. Boil it in white 
 of the priapus and matrix, naught for preg- ; wine. 
 
 nant women: no herb resists poison more. 1 Scariola. An Italian name for Succory. 
 It strengthens the heart exceedingly, andj Scluvnantlnis. Schcenanth, Squinanth, 
 no herb better than this in pestilential j or Chamel's hay; hot and binding. It 
 times, take it what manner you will or can. \ digests and opens the passages of the veins: 
 
 Rut a Murfiria. See Adianthum. j surely it is as great an expeller of wind as 
 
 Sab'ma. Savin: hot and dry in the third jany is. 
 
 degree, potently provokes the menses, expels | Scordium. Water-Germander, hot and 
 both birth and afterbirth, they (boiled in -dry, cleanses ulcers in the inward parts, it 
 oil and used in ointments) sta}' creeping provokes urine and the menses, opens 
 ulcers, scour away spots, freckles and sun- j slopping of the liver, spleen, reins, bladder, 
 burning from the face ; the belly anointed jand matrix, it is a great counter poison, and 
 with il kills worms in children. leases the breast oppressed with flegm : see 
 
 Sah'ia. Sage: hot and dry in the second \ Diascordium. 
 
 or third degree, binding, it stays abortion j Scrophularia. Figwort, so called of 
 in such women as are subject to come before ScropTwla* the King's Evil, which it cures 
 their times, it causes fruitfulness, it is sin- J they say, by being only hung about the 
 gularly good for the brain, strengthens the | neck. If not, bruise it, and apply it to 
 senses and memory, helps spitting and j the place, it helps the piles or hemorrhoids, 
 vomiting of blood : outwardly, heat hot Sedum. And all his sorts : see Barba 
 with a little vinegar and applied to the side, Jovis. 
 helps stitches and pains in the sides. Senna. It heats in the second degree 
 
 Salix. Willow leaves, are cold, dry, and jand dries in the first, cleanses, purges and 
 binding, stop spitting of blood, and fluxes; [digests; it carries downward both choler, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 245 
 
 flegm, and melancholy, it cleanses the! usually found about old ruinous buildings : 
 
 brain, heart, liver, spleen ; it cheers the > it is so called because of its virtue in 
 
 senses, opens obstructions, takes away dul- j stopping fluxes. 
 
 ness of sight, helps deafness, helps melan- j Shinachia. Spinage. I never read any 
 
 choly and madness, resists resolution of the $ physical virtues of it. 
 
 nerves, pains of the head, scabs, itch, fall- ; Spina Alba. See the root. 
 
 ing-sickness, the windiness of it is corrected ! Spica. See Nardtis. 
 
 with a little ginger. You may boil half an > Stabe. Silver Knapweed : The virtues 
 
 ounce of it at a time, in water or white \ be the same with Scabious, and some think 
 
 wine, but boil it not too much ; half an \ the herbs too ; though I am of another 
 
 ounce is a moderate dose to be boiled for \ opinion. 
 
 any reasonable body. i Stoschas. French Lavender. Cassidony, 
 
 Serpillum. Mother-of-Time, with Time ; us a great counterpoison, opens obstructions 
 ;t is hot and dry in the third degree, it pro- 1 of the liver and spleen, cleanses the matrix 
 vokes the menses, and helps the stranguary \ and bladder, brings out corrupt humours, 
 or stoppage of urine, gripings in the belly, ; provokes urine. 
 
 ruptures, convulsions, inflammation of the | Succisa, Marsus Diaboli. Devil's-bit. 
 liver, lethargy, and infirmities of the spleen, \ Hot and dry in the second degree: inwardly 
 boil it in white wine. Mtius, Galen. \ taken, it eases the fits of the mother, and 
 
 Sigillum Solomonis. Solomon's seal. See j breaks wind, takes away swellings in the 
 the root. > mouth, and slimy flegm that stick to the 
 
 Smyrnium. Alexander of Crete. 
 
 jaws, neither is there a more present remedy 
 
 Solatium. Night-shade: very cold and in the world for those cold swellings in 
 dry, binding ; it is somewhat dangerous ' the neck which the vulgar call the almonds 
 given inwardly, unless by a skilful hand ;i of the ears, than this herb bruised and 
 outwardly it helps the Shingles, St. Anthony's \ applied to them, 
 fire, and other hot inflammations. Suchaha. An Egyptian Thorn. Very 
 
 Soldanella. Bindweed, hot and dry in | hard, if not impossible to come by here, 
 the second degree, it opens obstructions of i Tanacetum. Tansy : hot in the second 
 the liver, and purges watery humours, and > degree and dry in the third ; the very smell 
 is therefore very profitable in dropsies, it is of it stays abortion, or miscarriages in 
 very hurtful to the stomach, and therefore ; women ; so it doth being bruised and ap- 
 if taken inwardly it had need be well cor- 5 plied to their navels, provokes urine, and 
 rected with cinnamon, ginger, or annis- j is a special help against the gout, 
 seed, c. Taraxacon. Dandelion, or to write better 
 
 Sonchus levis Asper. Sow-thistles smooth j French, Dent-de-lion, for in plain English, 
 and rough, they are of a cold, watery, yet it is called lyon's tooth; it is a kind of Sue- 
 
 binding quality, good for frenzies, they 
 increase milk in nurses, and cause the chil- 
 dren which they nurse to have a good 
 
 cory, and thither I refer you. 
 
 Tamariscus. Tamiris. It hath a dry 
 cleansing quality, and hath a notable virtue 
 
 colour, help gnawings of the stomach j against the rickets, and infirmities of the 
 coming of a hot cause; outwardly they } spleen, provokes the menses. Galen, Dios 
 help inflammations, and hot swellings, cool i corides. 
 the heat of the fundament and privities. Telephium. A kind of Opine. 
 
 Sophi Chirurgorum. Fluxweed : dry ing \ Thlaspi. See Nasturtium. 
 without any manifest heat or coldness ; it is j Thymbra, A wild Savory. 
 
240 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Tliymum. Thyme. Hot and dry in the 
 third degree; helps coughs and shortness of! 
 
 a digesting, cleansing quality, stops fluxes 
 and the hemorrhoids, it cures hoarseness, 
 
 breath, provokes the menses, brings away ; the cough, and such as are broken winded 
 dead children and the after birth; purges! Verbena. Vervain: hot and dry, a great 
 llegm, cleanses the breast and lungs, reins j opener, cleanser, healer, it helps the yellow 
 and matrix; helps the sciatica, pains in i jaundice, defects in the reins and bladdei, 
 the breast, expels wind in any part of the ; pains in the head ; if it be but bruised and 
 body, resists tearfulness and melancholy, j hung about the neck, all diseases in the 
 continual pains in the head, and is prorita- privities ; made into an ointment it is a 
 ble for such as have the falling-sickness to j sovereign remedy for old head-aches, as 
 smell to. -also frenzies, it clears the skin, and causes 
 
 Thymfelea. The Greek name for Spurge- 1 a lovely colour. 
 Olive : Mezereon being the Arabick name. I Voronica. See Betonica Pauli. 
 
 Tithymallus, Esula, $c. Spurge. Hot < Violaria, Violet Leaves : they are cool, 
 and dry in the fourth degree : a dogged j ease pains in the head proceeding of heat 
 purge, better let alone than taken inwardly: I and frenzies, either inwardly taken, or out- 
 hair anointed with the juice of it will fall \ wardly applied ; heat of the stomach, or in- 
 
 off: it kills fish, being mixed with any 
 thing that they will eat: outwardly it 
 
 flam (nation of the lungs. 
 
 Vitis Vimseria. The manured Vine: the 
 
 cleanses ulcers, takes away freckles, sun- leaves are binding and cool withal ; the 
 burning and morphew from the face. j burnt ashes of the sticks of a vine, scour 
 
 Tormentilla. See the root. ] the teeth and make them as white as snow; 
 
 Trinitalis herba. Pansies, or Heart's- 
 ease : They are cold and moist, both herbs 
 and flowers, excellent against inflammations 
 
 the leaves stop bleeding, fluxes, heart- 
 burnings, vomitings ; as also the longings 
 of pregnant women. The coals of a burnt 
 
 of the breast or lungs, convulsions or fall- j Vine, in powder, mixed with honey, doth 
 ing-sickness, also they are held to be good j make the teeth as white as ivory, which are 
 for venereal complaints. j rubbed with it. 
 
 Trifolium. Trefoil: dry in the third; Vincitoxicum. Swallow-wort. A pultis 
 degree, and cold : The ordinary Meadow j made with the leaves helps sore breasts, and 
 Trefoil, cleanses the bowels of slimy humours I also soreness of the matrix, 
 that stick to them, being used either in \ Virga Pastoris. A third name for Tea- 
 drinks or clysters; outwardly they takejzles. See Dipsatus. 
 away inflammations. j Virga Aurea. See Consolida. 
 
 Tussilago. Colt's-foot : something cold | Ulmaria. See the root. Meadswcet. 
 and dry, and therefore good for inflamma- | Umbslicus Veneris. Navil-wort : Cold, 
 tions, they are admirably good for coughs, j dry, and binding, therefore helps all in- 
 and consumptions of the lungs, shortness ! flammations ; they are very good for kibed 
 of breath, &c. It is often used and with \ heels, being bathed with it and a leaf laid 
 good success taken in a tobacco-pipe, being over the sore. 
 
 cut and mixed with a little oil of annis > Urtica. Nettles : an herb so well known, 
 seeds. See the Syrup of Colt's-foot. j that you may find them by the feeling in 
 
 Valeriana. Valerian, or Setwall. See \ the darkest night: they are something hot, 
 the roots. * not very hot ; the juice stops bleeding ; 
 
 Verbascum, Thapsus Barbatus. Mullin, they provoke lust, help difficulty of breath- 
 or Higtaper. It is something dry, and of\ ing, pleurisies, inflammations of the lungs, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 247 
 
 that vfoublesome cough that women call ( Wmter-Gilliflowers, or Wall-flowers, help 
 the Chincough ; they exceedingly break $ inflammation of the womb, pro\ oke the 
 the stone, provoke urine, and help such as f menses, and help ulcers in the mouth. 
 
 cannot hold their necks upright. Boil j 
 them in white wine. 
 
 TJsnea. Moss ; once before. 
 
 FLOWERS. 
 
 Honey-suckles, provoke urine, ease the 
 pains of the spleen, and such as can hardl} 
 fetch their breath. 
 
 Mallows, help coughs. 
 
 Red Roses, cool, bind, strengthen both 
 vital and animal virtue, restore such as are 
 in consumptions, strengthen. There are 
 
 BORAGE, and Bugloss flowers strengthen so many compositions of them which makes 
 the brain, and are profitable in fevers. ; me more brief in the simples. 
 
 Chamomel flowers, heat and assuage j Violets, (to wit, the blue ones,) cool and 
 swellings, inflammation of the bowels, dis- \ moisten, provoke sleep, loosen the belly, 
 solve wind, are profitably given in clysters | resist fevers, help inflammations, correct 
 
 the heat of choler, ease the pains in the 
 head, help the roughness of the wind-pipe, 
 diseases in the throat, inflammations in the 
 breast and sides, plurisies, open stoppings 
 of the liver, and help (he yellow jaundice. 
 Chicory, (or Succory as the vulgar call 
 it) cools and strengthens the liver, so doth 
 Endive. 
 
 or 'drink, to such as are troubled with the 
 cholic, or stone. 
 
 Stcechea, opens stoppings in the bowels, 
 and strengthens the whole body. 
 
 Saffron powerfully concocts, and sends 
 out whatever humour offends the body, 
 drives backinflammations ; applied outward- 
 ly, encreases venery, and provokes urine. 
 
 Clove-Gilliflowers, resist the pestilence, ij Wateo lilies ease pains of the head corn- 
 strengthen the heart, liver, and stomach, and i ing of choler and heat, provoke sleep, cool 
 provoke venery. : inflammations, and the heat in fevers. 
 
 Schoenanth (which I touched slightly:! Pomegranate-flowers, dry and bind, stop 
 amongst the herbs) provokes urine potently, i fluxes, and the menses, 
 provokes the menses, breaks wind, helps j Cowslips, strengthen the brain, senses, 
 such as spit or vomit blood, eases pains of i; and memory, exceedingly, resist all dis- 
 the stomach, reins, and spleen, helps drop- ; eases there, as convulsions, falling-sickness, 
 sies, convulsions, and inflammations of the ;; palsies, c. 
 womb. Ccntaitry, purgescholerand grosshumours 
 
 Lavender-flowers, resist all cold afflic- j helps the yellow jaundice, opens obstruc- 
 tions of the brain, convulsions, falling-sick- j tions of the liver, helps pains of the spleen, 
 ness, they strengthen cold stomachs, and j provokes the menses, brings away birth 
 open obstructions of the liver, they provoke i' and afterbirth, 
 urine and the menses, bring forth the birth \ Elder flowers, help dropsies, cleanse the 
 
 11 1111. 1.1*. / , 1 
 
 and placenta. 
 
 Hops, open stoppings of the bowels, 
 and for that cause beer is better than ale. 
 
 Balm-flowers, cheer the heart and vital 
 spirits, strengthen the stomach. 
 
 Rosemary^/lowers, strengthen the biain 
 exceedingly, and resist madness ; clear the 
 tight. 
 
 blood, clear the skin, open stoppings of the 
 liver and spleen, and diseases arising there- 
 from. 
 
 Bean-flowers, clear the skin, stop humours 
 flowing into the eyes 
 
 Peach-tree flowers, purge choler gently 
 
 Broom-flowers, purge water, and are good 
 in dropsies. 
 
 3 s 
 
240 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 The temperature of all these differ either j Cloves, help digestion, stop looseness, pro- 
 very little or not at all from the herbs. : voke lust, and quicken the sight 
 
 The way of using the flowers I did for-! Pepper, binds, expels wind, helps the 
 bear, because most of them may, and arefcholic, quickens digestion oppressed with 
 usually made into conserves, of which 3 r ou|cold, heats the stomach 
 may take the quantity of a nutmeg in the j Quinces. See the Compositions. 
 morning; all of them may be kept dry aj Pears are grateful to the stomach, dry- 
 year, and boiled with other herbs conducing j ing, and therefore help fluxes. 
 to the cures they do. All plums that are sharp or sour, are 
 
 | binding, the sweet are loosening. 
 
 Cucumbers, cool the stomach, and are 
 
 FRUITS AND THEIR BUDS. U ^ 1 *S ainst ulcer j > J. 6 Madder. 
 
 Galls, are exceeding binding, help ulcers 
 
 Green Figs, are held to be of ill juice, but 
 the best is, we are not much troubled with 
 
 in the mouth, wasting of the gums, ease 
 the pains of the teeth, help the falling out 
 
 them in England ; dry figs help coughs, 5 of the womb and fundament, make the 
 cleanse the breast, and help infirmities of the 5 hair black. 
 
 lungs, shortness of wind, they loose thej Pompions are a cold and moist fruit, of 
 belly, purge the reins, help inflammations | small nourishment, they provoke urine, 
 of the liver and spleen; outwardly they dis- | outwardly applied ; the flesh of them helps 
 solve swellings. ^inflammations and burnings; applied to the 
 
 Pine-nuts, restore such as are in con- 'forehead they help inflammations of theeyes. 
 sumptions, amend the failings of the lungs, \ Melons, have few other virtues, 
 concoct flegm, and yet are naught for such j Apricots, are very grateful to the stomach, 
 as are troubled with the head-ache. i and dry up the humours thereof. Peaches 
 
 Dates, are binding, stop eating ulcers | are held to do the like. 
 
 being applied to them ; they are very good ; Cubebs, are hot and dry in the third de- 
 for weak stomachs, for they soon digest, and ; gree, they expel wind, and cleanse the 
 breed good nourishment, they help infir- j stomach of tough and viscous humours, they 
 mities of the reins, bladder, and womb. lease the pains of the spleen, and help cold 
 
 Sebcstens, cool choler, violent heat of the > diseases of the womb, they cleanse the head 
 stomach, help roughness of the tongue and i of flegm and strengthen the brain, they heat 
 wind-pipe, cool the reins and bladder. i the stomach and provoke venery. 
 
 Raisins of the Sun, help infirmities of the 5 J3ilter dlmo/ids, are hot in the first degree 
 breast and liver, restore consumptions, | and dry in the second, they cleanse and cut 
 gently cleanse and move to stool. I thick humours, cieanse the lungs, and eaten 
 
 Wabwts, kill worms, resist the pestilence J every morning, they are held to .preserve 
 (I mean the green ones, not the dry.) ' from drunkenness. 
 
 Capers eaten before meals, provoke hun- ] Bay-berries, heat, expel wind, mitigate 
 ger. ; pain ; are excellent for cold infirmities of 
 
 Nutmegs* strengthen the brain, stomach,! the womb, and dropsies, 
 and liver, provoke urine, ease the pains of! Cherries, are of different qualities accord- 
 trie spleen, stop looseness, ease pains of the Ung to their different taste, the sweet arc 
 head, and pains in the joints, strengthen the': quickest of digestion, but the sour arc more 
 body, take away weakness coming of cold. '1 pleasing to a hot stomach, and procure 
 and cause a sweet \> eath. .{appetite to one's meat. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 219 
 
 , are strengthening to the stomach, ; confident a child of three years old, it' you 
 binding, and the green are more binding j should give it Raisins of the sun or Cherries 
 than the rotten, and the dry than the green. | would not ask how it should take them 
 
 Olties, cool and bind. 
 
 English-currants, cool the stomach, and 
 are profitable in acute fevers, they quench 
 thirst, resist vomiting, cool the heat 01 
 
 SEEDS OR GRAINS. 
 
 choler, provoke appetite, and are good for > Coriander seed, hot and dry, expels wind, 
 hot complexions. j but is hurtful to the head ; sends up un- 
 
 Services, or Checkers are of the nature of; wholesome vapours to the brain, dangerous 
 Medlars, but something weaker in opera- 1 for mad people. 
 tion. Fenugreek seeds, are of a softening, dis- 
 
 Barberries, quench thirst, cool the heat | cussing nature, they cease inflammations, 
 of choler, resist the pestilence, stay vomiting \ be they internal or external: bruised and 
 and fluxes, stop the menses, kill worms, i mixed with vinegar they ease the pains of 
 hdp spitting of blood, fasten the teeth, and 5 the spleen : being applied to the sides, 
 strengthen the gums. help hardness and swellings of the matrix, 
 
 Strawberries, cool the stomach, liver, and being boiled, the decoction helps scabby 
 blood, but are very hurtful for such as have j heads. 
 agues. Lin-seed hath the same virtues with Fenu- 
 
 Winter-Cherries, potently provoke urine, [ greek. 
 
 and break the stone. 
 
 Cassia-fatula, is temperate in quality, 
 gently purgeth choler and flegm, clarifies 
 the blood, resists fevers, cleanses the breast 
 and lungs, it cools the reins, and thereby 
 resists the breeding of the stone, it provokes 
 urine, and therefore is exceeding good for 
 the running of the reins in men, and the 
 Fluor Albus in women. 
 
 All the sorts or Myrobalans, purge the 
 stomach; the Indian Myrobalans, are held 
 to purge melancholy most especially, the 
 other flegm ; yet take heed you use them 
 Jiot in stoppings of the bowels : they are 
 coid and dry, they all strengthen the heart, 
 brain, and sinews, strengthen the'stomach, 
 
 Cromwell seed, provokes urine, helps the 
 cholic eaks the stone, and expels wind. 
 Boil them in white wine ; but bruise them 
 first. 
 
 Lupines, ease the pains of the spleen, 
 kill worms and cast them out : outwardly, 
 they cleanse filthy ulcers, and gangrenes, 
 help scabs, itch, and inflammations. 
 
 Dill seed, encreases milk in nurses, expels 
 wind, stays vomitings, provokes urine ; yet 
 it dulls the sight, and is an. enemy to gene- 
 ration. 
 
 Smallage seed, provokes urine and the 
 menses, expels wind, resists poison, and 
 eases inward pains, it opens stoppings in 
 any part of the body, yet it is hurtful for 
 
 relieve the senses, take away tremblings and such as have the falling-sickness, and for 
 heart-qualms. They are seldom used alone, i pregnant women. 
 
 Primes, are cooling and loosening. Rocket seed, provokes urine, stirs up lust r 
 
 Tamarinds, are cold and dry in the second | encreases seed, kills worms, eases pains oi 
 
 degree, they purge choler, cool the blood, j the spleen. Use all these in like manner. 
 
 stay vomiting, help the yellow jaundice,: Basil seed: If we may believe Diosco- 
 
 quench thirst, cool hot stomachs, and hotjnV/es and Crescentius, cheers the heart, and 
 
 livers. j strengthens a moist stomach, drives away 
 
 I omit the use of these also as resting 'melancholy, and provokes urine. 
 
250 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Ndtk seed, provokes venery, opens stop- j The seeds of Water-cresses, heat, yet Iron- 
 pages of the womb, helps inflammations of I ble the stomach and belly ; ease the pains 
 
 of the spleen, are very dangerous for 
 pregnant women, yet they provoke lust 
 outwardly applied, they help leprosies, scald 
 heads, and the falling off of hair, as also 
 carbuncles, and cold ulcers in the joints. 
 Mustard seed, heats, extenuates, and 
 
 draws moisture from the brain 
 being shaved and anointed with 
 
 the head 
 Mustard, 
 
 of the sides and lungs ; purgeth the breast: 
 boil them (being bruised) in white wine 
 also. 
 
 The seeds of Ammi, or Bishop' s-Keed, 
 heat and dry, help difficulty of urine, and 
 the pains of the cholic, the bitings of venom- i 
 ous beasts ; they provoke the menses, and 
 purge the womb. 
 
 Annis seeds, heat and dry, ease pain, ex- 
 pel wind, cause a sweet breath, help the ! filthy ulcers, and hard swellings in the 
 dropsy, resist poison, breed milk, and stop j mouth, it helps old aches coming of cold, 
 the Fluor Albus in women, provoke venery, i French Barley, is cooling, nourishing, and 
 and ease the head-ache. 
 
 Cardamoms, heat, kill worms, cleanse the 
 reins, and provoke urine. 
 
 Fennel seed, breaks wind, provokes urine 
 and the menses, encreases milk in nurses. 
 
 Cummin seed, heat, bind, and dry, stop 
 
 is a good remedy for the lethargy, it helps 
 
 breeds milk 
 
 Sorrel seeds, potently resist poison, help 
 fluxes, and such stomachs as loath their 
 meat. 
 
 Succory seed, cools the heat of the blood, 
 
 of the 1 
 
 ; extinguishes lust, opens stoppings 
 
 blood, expel wind, ease pain, help the {liver and bowels, it allays the heat of the 
 bitings of venomous beast: outwardly ap- j body, and produces a good colour, it 
 plied (viz. in Plaisters) they are of a dis-f strengthens the stomach, liver, and reins. 
 
 cussing nature. 
 
 Carrot seeds, are windy, provoke lust ex- 
 ceedingly, and encrease seed, provoke urine 
 and the menses, cause speedy delivery to 
 women in travail, and bring away the 
 placenta. All these also may be boiled in 
 white wine. 
 
 Nigella seeds, boiled in oil, and the fore- 
 head anointed with it, ease pains in the 
 head, take away leprosy, itch, scurf, and 
 help scald heads : Inwardly taken they 
 expel worms, they provoke urine, and the 
 menses, help difficulty of breathing. 
 
 Stm-esacre, kills lice in the head, I hold it 
 not fitting to be given inwardly. 
 
 Olibanum mixed with as much Barrow's 
 Grease (beat the Olibanum first in powder) 
 and boiled together, make an ointment 
 which will kill the lice in children's heads, 
 and such as are subject to breed them, will 
 never breed them. A Medicine cheap, 
 safe, and sure, which breeds no annoyance 
 to tbe brain. 
 
 Poppy seeds, ease pain, provoke sleep. 
 Your best way is to make an emulsion of 
 them with barley Avater. 
 
 Mallow seeds, ease pains in the bladder. 
 
 Chich-pease, are windy, provoke lust, en- 
 crease milk in nurses, provoke the menses, 
 outwardly, they help scabs, itch, and in- 
 flammations of the testicles, ulcers, &c. 
 
 White Saxifrage seeds, provoke urine, ex- 
 pel wind, and break the stone. Boil them 
 in white wine. 
 
 Hue seeds, helps such as cannot hold 
 their water. 
 
 Lett ice seed, cools the blood, restrains 
 venery. 
 
 Also Gourds, Citnds, Cucumbers, Melons, 
 Purdain, and Endive seeds, cool the blood, 
 as also the stomach, spleen, and reins, and 
 allay the heat of fevers. Use them as you 
 were taught to do poppy-seeds. 
 
 Wormseed, expels wind, kills worms. 
 
 Ash-tree Keys, ease pains in the sides, 
 help the dropsy, relieve men weary with 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 261 
 
 Jabour, provoke venery, and make the body \ name you please, is a desperate purge, hurt- 
 lean. | ful to the body by reason of its heat, windi- 
 
 Piony seeds, help the Ephialtes, or the i ness, corroding, or gnawing, and violence 
 disease the vulgar call the Mare, as also the j of working. I would advise my countrymen 
 fits of the mother, and other such like in- ! to let it alone ; it will gnaw their bodies as 
 firmities of the womb, stop the menses, and \ fast as doctors gnaw their purses, 
 nelp convulsions. Opopanax, is of a heating, molifying : 
 
 Broom seed, potently provoke urine, 5 digesting quality, 
 break the stone. Gum Elemi, is exceeding good for frac- 
 
 Citron seeds, strengthen the heart, cheer 1 tures of the skull, as also in wounds, and 
 the vital spirit, resist pestilence and poison, therefore is put in plaisters for that end. 
 
 See Arcens his Liniment. 
 
 Tragacanthum, commonly called Gum 
 
 TEARS, LIQUORS, AND ROZINS J^ a g anth ' and Gum D rag on, helps coughs, 
 
 } hoarseness, and distillations on the lungs. 
 
 Laudanum^ is of a heating, mollifying j Bdellium, heats and softens, helps hard 
 nature, it opens the mouth of the veins, \ swellings, ruptures, pains in the sides, hard- 
 stays the hair from falling off, helps pains | ness of the sinews. 
 
 in the ears, and hardness of the womb. It j Galbanum. Hot and dry, discussing ; 
 is used only outwardly in plaisters. j applied to the womb, it hastens both birth 
 
 Assafcetida. Is commonly used to allay I and after-birth, applied to the navel it stays 
 the fits of the mother by smelling to \i;\ the strangling of the womb, commonly 
 they say, inwardly taken, it provokes lust, < called the fits of the mother, helps pains in 
 and expels wind. \ the sides, and difficulty of breathing, being 
 
 Benzoin, or Benjamin, makes a good per- j applied to it, and the smell of it helps the 
 
 vertigo or dizincss in the head. 
 
 Myrh, heats and dries, opens and softens 
 
 fume. 
 
 Sanguis Draconis, cools and binds exceed- i 
 ingly. | the womb, provokes the birth and after- 
 
 Aloes, purges choler and flegm, and with \ birth ; inwardly taken, it helps old coughs 
 such deliberation that it is often given to land hoarseness, pains in the sides, kills worms, 
 withstand the violence of other purges, it \ and helps a stinking breath, helps the wast- 
 preserves the senses and betters the appre- \ ing of the gums, fastens the teeth: outwardly 
 hension, it strengthens the liver, and helps j it helps wounds, and fills up ulcers with 
 the yellow-jaundice. Yet is naught for such ] flesh. You may take half a dram at a 
 as are troubled with the hemorrhoids, or? time. 
 
 haye agues. I do not like it taken raw. j Mastich, strengthens the stomach exceed- 
 Sec Aloe Rosata, which is nothing but it : ingly, helps such as vomit or spit blood, it 
 washed with the juice of roses. 1 fastens the teeth and strengthens the gums, 
 
 Manna, is temperately hot, of a mighty | being chewed in the mouth, 
 dilative quality, windy, cleanses choler'. Frankinsense, and Olibanum, heat and 
 
 gently, also it cleanses the throat and 
 stomach. A child may take an ounce of it 
 at a lime melted in milk, and the dross 
 strained out, it is good for them when they 
 are scabby. 
 
 bind, fill up old ulcers with flesh, stop bleed- 
 ing, but is extremely bad for mad people. 
 
 Turpentine, Purges, cleanses the reins, 
 helps the running of them. 
 
 Styrax Calamitis, helps coughs, and dis- 
 
 Scamoni/, or Diagridium, call it by which i tillations upon the lungs, hoarseness, want 
 
252 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 of voice, hardness of the womb, but it is j 
 
 bad for head-aches LIVING CREATURES. 
 
 Awmomcaum, applied to the side, helps { 
 
 the hardness and pains of the spleen. Millepedes (so called from the multitude 
 
 Camphire, eases pains of the head coining ; of their feet, though it cannot be supposed they 
 of heat, lakes away inflammations, and cools \have a thousand) sows, hog-lice, w-ood-lice, 
 any place to which it is applied. [bring bruised and mired with nine, thci/ pr<>- 
 
 j voke urine, help the yellow jaundice outwardly 
 ] being boiled in oil, help pains in the ears, a 
 
 JUICES ! ( ^'P ^M'g P llt wto them. 
 
 The flesh of vipers being eaten, clear the 
 
 THAT all juices have the same virtues \sight, helpthevic.es of the nerves, resist poison 
 with the herbs or fruits whereof they are \ exceedingly, neither is there any better remedy 
 made, I suppose few or none will deny, I under the sun for their bitings than the head 
 therefore I shall only name a few of them, \of the viper that bit you, bruised and applied 
 and that briefly. \ to the place, and the flesh eaten, you need not 
 
 Sugar is held to be hot in the first degree, ; eat above a dram at a time, and make it up an 
 strengthens the lungs, takes away the rough- \you shall be taught in troches of vipers. Neither 
 ness of the throat, succours the reins and | any comparable to the stinging of bees and 
 bladder. \wasps, $c. than the same that sting you, 
 
 The juice of Citrons cools the blood, j bruised and applied to the place. 
 strengthens the heart, mitigates the violent ! Land Scorpions cure their own stingings ly 
 heat of fevers. I the same means ; the ashes of them (being 
 
 The juice of Lemons works the same ef- \ burnt) potently provokes urine, and breaks tlie 
 feet, but not so powerfully. j stone. 
 
 Juice of Liquorice, strengthens the lungs, Earth-worms, are an admirable remedy for 
 helps coughs and colds. j cut nerves being applied to the place ; they pro- 
 
 \ voke urine ; see the oil of them, only let me not 
 \forget one notable thing quoted by Mizaldus, 
 
 THINGS BRED FROM PLANTS. \^ hi f l ^That the powder of them put into an 
 
 \ hollow tooth, makes it drop out. 
 
 These have been treated of before, only two j To draw a tooth without pa\n, Jill fin carth- 
 exceptcd. The first of which is* j en crucible full of Emmets, Ants, or Pismires, 
 
 Agaricus. Agarick: It purges flegm, \ eggs and all, and when you have burned them, 
 choler, and melancholy, from the brain, nerves, \ keep the ashes, with which if you touch a tooth 
 muscles, marrow, (or more properly brain) of\ it will fall out. 
 
 the back, it cleanses the breast, lungs, liver,\ Eds, being put into wine or beer, and suffered 
 ttomach, spleen, reins, womb, joints; it provokes \ to die in it, he that drinks it will never endure 
 urine., and the menses, kills worms, helps pains \ that sort of liquor again. 
 in the joints, and causes a good colour : it is\ Oystersdp^/icdalivetoapcstilentialswelling, 
 eery seldom or never taken alone. See Syrup 
 of Roses with Agarick. 
 
 Lastly, Vicus Quircinus, or Miskto of the 
 
 draw the venom to them. 
 
 Crab-fish, burnt to ashes, and a dram of it 
 taken every morning helps the bitings of mad 
 
 Oak, helps the falling-siclaiess being either \dogs, and all other venomous beasts, 
 taken inwardly, or hung about one's neck. Swallows, being eaten, clear the sight, the 
 
 Cashes of them (being burnt} eaten, present 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 253 
 
 from drunkenness, helps sore throats being ap- \ tcr than Castoriurn, raw, to which I refer 
 plied to them, and inflammations. $ you. 
 
 Grass-hoppers, being eaten, ease the cholic,] A Sheep's or Goat's bladder being burnt, 
 and pains in the bladder. \ and the ashes given inwardly, helps the 
 
 Hedge Sparrows, being kept in salt, or dried \ Diabetes. 
 
 and eaten raw, are. an admirable remedy for\ A flayed Mouse, dried and beaten into 
 the stone. \ powder, and given at a time, helps such as 
 
 Young Pigeons being eaten, help pains in \ cannot hold their water, or have a Dia/'ctes, 
 the reins, and the disease called Tenesmus. ; if you do the like three days together. 
 
 Iron/, or Elephant's tooth, binds, stops 
 
 u i jthe Whites, it strengthens the heart and 
 
 5 stomach, helps the yellow jaundice, and 
 PARTS OF LIVING CREATURES, I makes women fruitful. 
 
 AND EXCREMENTS. Those small bones Avhich are found in 
 
 | the fore-feet of an Hare, being beaten into 
 
 THE brain of Sparrows being eaten, pro- j powder and drank in wine, powerfully pro- 
 vokes lust exceedingly. * voke urine. 
 
 The brain of an Hare being roasted, helps \ Goose grease, and Capons grease, are both 
 trembling, it makes children breed teeth ; softening, help gnawing sores, stiffness of 
 easily, their gums being rubbed with it, it? the womb, and mitigate pain, 
 also helps scald heads, and falling off of j I am of opinion that the suet of a Goat 
 hair, the head being anointed with it. \ mixed with a little saffron, is as excellent 
 
 The head of a young Kite, being burnt j an ointment for the gout, especially the 
 to ashes and the quantity of a drachm of it | gout in the knees, as any is. 
 taken every morning in a little Avater, is an j Bears grease stays the falling off of the 
 admirable remedy against the gout. j hair. 
 
 Crab-eyes break the stone, and open \ Fox grease helps pains in the ears, 
 stoppings of the bowels. J EflttClaws orhoqfs are a sovereign remedy 
 
 The lungs of a Jar, well dried, (but not; for the falling sickness, though it be but 
 burned) is an admirable strengthen^ to 1 worn in a ring, much more being taken in- 
 the lungs : see the Lohoch of Fox lungs. | wardly ; but saith Mizaldus, it must be the 
 
 The liver of a Duck, stops fluxes, and \ hoof of the right foot behind, 
 strengthens the liver exceedingly. Milk is an extreme windy meat ; there- 
 
 The liver of a Frog, being dried and; fore I am of the opinion of Dioscorides, viz. 
 eaten, helps quartan agues, or as the vulgar : that it is not profitable in head-aches ; yet 
 call them, third-day agues. j this is for certain, that it is an admirable 
 
 Cattdreum resists poison, the bitings of j remedy for inward ulcers in any part ol 
 venomous beasts ; it provokes the menses, the body, or any corrosions, or excoriations, 
 and brings forth birth and after-birth ; it j pains in the reins and bladder : but it is 
 expels wind, eases pains and aches, con- j very bad in diseases of the liver, spleen, the 
 vulsions, sighings, lethargies ; the smell of j falling-sickness, vertigo, or dissiness in the 
 it allays the fits of the mother ; inwardly { head, fevers and head-aches ; Goat's milk 
 given, it helps tremblings, falling-sickness, j is held to be better than Cow's for Hectic 
 and other such ill effects of the brain and ; fevers, phthisick, and consumptions, and 
 nerves: A scruple is enough to take at also is Ass's also. 
 me, and indeed spirit of Caslorium is bet- Whey, attenuates and cleanses both cho- 
 
254 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 ler and melancholy : wonderfully helps 
 melancholy and madness coming of it; 
 opens stoppings of the bo \vels ; helps such 
 as have the dropsy and are troubled with 
 the stoppings of the spleen, rickets and 
 hypochondriac melancholy : for such dis- 
 eases you may make up your physic with 
 whey. Outwardly it cleanses the skin of 
 sucli deformities as come through choler or 
 melancholy, as scabs, itch, morphew, lepro- 
 sies, &c. 
 
 Honey is of a gallant cleansing qua.ity, 
 exceeding profitable in all inward ulcers in 
 what part of the body soever; it opens the 
 veins, cleanses the reins and bladder. > I 
 know no vices belonging to it, but only it 
 is . x>n converted into choler. 
 
 Wax, softens, heats, and meanly fills 
 sores with flesh, it suffers not the milk to 
 curdle in women's breasts ; inwardly it is 
 given (ten grains at a time) against bloody- 
 fluxes. 
 
 Raw-silk, heats and dries, cheers the 
 heart, drives away sadness, comforts all the 
 spirits, both natural, vital and animal 
 
 BELONGING TO THE SEA. 
 
 Sperma Cati, is well applied outwardly to 
 eating ulcers, the marks which the small 
 pox leaves behind them; it clears the sight, 
 provokes sweat; inwardly it troubles the 
 stomach and belly, helps bruises, and 
 stretching of the nerves, and tnerefore is 
 good for women newly delivered. 
 
 Amber-grease, heats and dries, strengthens 
 the brain and nerves exceedingly, if the 
 infirmity of them corne of cold, resists pes- 
 tilence. 
 
 Sea-sand, a man that hath the dropsy, 
 being set up to the middle in it, it draws 
 out all the water. 
 
 Red Coral, is cold, dry and binding, 
 stops the immoderate flowing of the menses, 
 bloody-fluxes, the running of the reins, and 
 
 I the Fluor Albus, helps such as spit blood, 
 , it is an approved remedy for the falling 
 sickness. Also if ten grains of red Coral 
 be given to a child in a little breast-milk so 
 soon as it is born, before it take any other 
 food, it will never have the falling-sickness, 
 nor convulsions. The common dose is 
 from ten grains to thirty. 
 
 Pearls, are a wonderful strengthener to 
 Ithe heart, encrease milk in nurses, and 
 ; amend it being naught, they restore such 
 \ as are in consumptions ; both they and the 
 I red Coral preserve the body in health, and 
 resist fevers. The dose is ten grains or 
 i fewer ; more, I suppose, because it is dear, 
 : than because it would do harm. 
 
 Amber, (viz. yellow Amber) heats and 
 I dries, therefore prevails against moist dis- 
 | eases of the head ; it helps violent coughs, 
 } helps consumption of the lungs, spitting of 
 | blood, the Fluor Albus ; it stops bleeding 
 | at the nose, helps difficulty of urine : You 
 j may take ten or twenty grains at a time. 
 
 The Froth of the Sea, it is hot and dry, 
 I helps scabs, itch, and leprosy, scald heads, 
 !&c. it cleanses the skin, helps difficulty of 
 | urine, makes the teeth white, being rubbed 
 | with it, the head being washed with it, it 
 | helps baldness, and^trimly decks the head 
 j with hair. 
 j 
 
 I 
 
 METALS, MINERALS, AND 
 STONES. 
 
 GOLD is temperate in quality, it won- 
 derfully strengthens the heart and vital 
 spirits, which one perceiving, very wittily 
 inserted these verses : 
 
 For Gold is cordial ; and that's the reason, 
 Your raking Misers live so long a season. 
 
 However, this is certain, in cordials, it 
 resists melancholy, faintings, ^woonings, 
 fevers, failing-sickness, and all such likj 
 infirmities, incident either to the vital or 
 animal spirit. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 255 
 
 Alum. Heats, binds, and purges ; scours j and consumptions, viz. taken inwardty; for 
 filthy ulcers, and fastens loose teeth. I this stone is not used to be worn as a jewel; 
 
 Brimstone, or flower of brimstone, which ; the powder of it put upon wounds made 
 is brimstone refined, and the better for \ by venomous beasts, draws out the poison, 
 physical uses ; helps coughs and rotten j Topaz (if Epiphaniw spake truth) if you 
 Jegtn; outwardly in ointments it takes away j put it into boiling water, it doth so cool it 
 .eprosies, scabs, and itch; inwardly it helps j that you may presently put your hands into 
 yellow jaundice, as also worms in the belly, \ it without harm ; if so, then it cools in 
 especially being mixed with a little Salt- j flammations of the body by touching them 
 petre: it helps lethargies being snuffed up Toadstone ; Being applied to the place 
 in the nose. \ helps the bitings of venomous beasts, and 
 
 Litharge, both of gold and silver ; binds 5 quickly draws all the poison to it ; it is 
 and dries much, fills up ulcers with flesh, i known to be a true one by this ; hold 
 and heals them. j it near to any toad, and she will make 
 
 Lead is of a cold dry earthly quality, oi'j proffer to take it away from you if it be 
 an healing nature ; applied to the place it j right ; else not. Lemnim. 
 helps any inflammation, and dries up j Nephritichits lapis; helps pains in the 
 humours. . I stomach, and is of great force in breaking 
 
 Pompholix, cools, dries and binds. j and bringing away the stone and gravel. 
 
 Jacynth, strengthens the heart being' Jasper; being worn, stops bleeding, eases 
 
 either beaten into powder, and taken in- 
 wardly, or only worn in a ring. 
 
 the labour in women, stops lust, resists 
 fevers and dropsies. Mathiohis. 
 
 Sapphire, quickens the senses, helps such ? Atites, or the stone with child, because 
 as are bitten by venomous beasts, ulcers in \ being hollow in the middle, it contains 
 the bowels. 5 another little stone within it, is found in an 
 
 Emerald ; called a chaste stone because ! Eagle's nest, and in many other places ; 
 it resists lust: being worn in a ring, it \ this stone being bound to the left arm of 
 helps, or at least mitigates the falling sick- j women with child, stays their miscarriage 
 ness and vertigo; it strengthens the memory, | or abortion, but when the time of their 
 and stops the unruly passions of men. * labour comes, remove it from their arm, 
 
 Ruby (or carbuncle, if there be such a j and bind it to the inside of their thigh, and 
 stone) restrains lust; resists pestilence; takes J it brings forth the child, and that (almost) 
 away idle and foolish thoughts, makes men 
 cheerful. Cardamts. 
 
 Granite. Strengthens the heart, but hurts 
 the brain, causes anger, takes away sleep. 
 
 without any pain at all. Dioscorides, Pliny. 
 Lapis Laztdi, purges melancholy being 
 taken inwardly; outwardly worn as a jewel, 
 it msikes men cheerful, fortunate and rich. 
 
 Diamond, is reported to make him that \ And thus I end the stones, the virtues o< 
 bears it unfortunate. \ which if any think incredible, I answer , 
 
 Amethist, being worn, makes men sober j 1. I quoted the authors where I had them. 
 and steady, keepsrnenfromdrunkennessand j 2. I know nothing to the contrary but why 
 too much sleep, it quickens the wit, is pro- i it may be as possible as the sound of a 
 fitablein huntings and fightings, and repels i trumpet is to incite a man to valour; or a 
 vapours from the head. I fiddle to dancing : and if I have added a 
 
 Bezoar, is a notable restorer of nature, j few simples which the Colledge left out, 
 n great cordial, no way hurtful nor danger- j I hope my fault is not much, or at a least- 
 DUS is admirably good in fevers, pestilences, j wise, venial. 
 
 o 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAf 
 
 A CATALOGUE OF SIMPLES 
 
 IN THE 
 
 NEW DISPENSATORY 
 
 ROOTS. | Navew, Spikenard, Celtic ana Indian, Water 
 
 \ lilies, Rest-harrow, sharp pointed Dock, 
 
 College.] Sorrel, Calamus Aromaticus, \ Peony, male and female, Parsnips, garden ar,d 
 Water-flag, Privet, Garlick, Marsh-mallows, \ wild, Cinqnefoil, Butter-Bit*; Parsley, Hog's 
 Alcanet, Angelica* Anthora, Smallage, Aron,\ Fennel, Valerian, greater and lesser, Burnet, 
 Birth-wort long and round, Son-bread, Reeds, \ Land and Water Plantain, Polypodium of the 
 Asarabacca, Virginian Snakeweed, Swall- Oak, Solomon's Seal, Leeks, PeUitory of Spain, 
 wort, Asparagus, Asphodel, male and female. \Cinquffoil, Turnips,Raddishes,gardenandzcild, 
 Burdocks great and small, Behen, or Bazil, ? Rhapontick, common Rhubarb, Monk's l\h it- 
 Valerian, white and red. Daisies, Beets, * barb, Rose Root, Madder Bruscus. Sopewort, 
 white, red, and black. Marsh-mallows, Bis- \ Sarsaparilla, Satyrion, male and female, White 
 tort, Barrage, Briony, white and black, Bugloss, \ Saxifrage, Squills, Figwort, Scorzonera,Eng- 
 garden and mid. Calamus Aromaticus, Our ; lish and Spanish, Virginian Snake weed, Solo- 
 Lady's thistles, Avens, Coleworts, Centaury the \ mon's Seal, Cicers, stinking Gladon, Devil's bit, 
 less. Onions, Chameleon, white and black.\Danddion,Thapsus,Tormentil,Tiirbith,Cdi's- 
 Cdandine, Pilewprf. China, Succory, Arti-\foot, Valerian, greater and lesser, Vervain, 
 chokes. Virginian Snakeroot, Comfry greater I SwallatMtoft^ Nettles, Zedoary long and round, 
 and lesser Contra yerva, Costus, sweet and j Ginger. 
 
 bitter. Tnrmerick, wild Cucumbers, Sowbread, \ Culpeper.~] These be the roots the col 
 Hound's-tongue, Cyprcs, long and round. \ legc hath named, and but only named, and 
 Toothwort, ithite Dittany, Doronicum, Dra- 1 in this order I hav'e set them down. It 
 
 fons, Woody Nightshade, Vipers Bugloss, \ seems the college holds a strange opinion, 
 mallage, Hellebore, it-hite and black, Endive, \ viz. That it would do an Englishman "a 
 Elicampane, Eringo, Colt's-foot, Fearn, male \ mischief to know what the herbs in his 
 and female, Filipendula or Drop-wort, Fennel, \ garden are good for. 
 
 white Dittany, Galanga, great and small, j But my opinion is, that those herbs, 
 Gentian, Liquorice, Dog-grass, Hermodactils. \ roots, plants, &c. which grow near a man, 
 Swallow wort, Jacinth, Henbane, Jallap, \ are far better and more congruous to his 
 Master-wort, Orris or Flbwer-de-lnce, both\ nature than any outlandish rubbish what- 
 English and Florentine, sharp pointed Dock, \ soever, and this I am able to give a reason 
 Burdock greater and lesser, Lovage, Privet, \ of to any that shall demand it of me, there- 
 white Lilies, Liquorice, Mallows, Mechoacan,\fore I am so copious in handling of them, 
 Jallap, Spignel, Mercury, Devil's bit, sweet * vcu shall observe them ranked in this order. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 257 
 
 1. The temperature of the roots, herbs,; Hot in the fourth degree. Garlick, Onions, 
 flowers, &c. viz. Hot, cold, dry, moist, j Leeks, Pellitory of Spain. 
 
 together with the degree of each quality. Roots temperate in respect of heat, are 
 
 2. What part of the body each root, i Bear's breech, Sparagus, our Lady's Thistle, 
 herb, flower, is appropriated to, viz. head, $ Eringo, Jallap, Mallows, Mechoacan, gar- 
 throat, breast, heart, stomach, liver, spleen, (den Parsnips, Cinquefoil, Tonnentil. 
 bowels, reins, bladder, womb, joints, and ; Roots cold in the first degree. Sorrel, 
 in those which heat those places, and \ Beets, white and red, Comfrey the greater 
 which rool them. \ Plantai-n, Rose Root, Madder. 
 
 3. The property of each simple, as they | Cold inthe second degree. Alcanct, Daisies, 
 bind, open, mollify, harden, extenuate, {Succory, Hound's tongue, Endive, Jacinlh. 
 discuss, draw out, suppure, cleanse, gluti-j Cold in the third degree. Bistort and 
 nate, break wind, breed seed, provoke or \ Mandrakes are cold in the third degree, 
 stop the menses, resist poison, abate swell- j and Henbane in the fourth. 
 
 ings, ease pain. Roots dry in the first degree. Bears-breech, 
 
 This I intend shall be my general method ; Burdocks, Redbeets, Calamus Aromaticus. 
 throughout the simples, which, having \ Pilewort, Self-heal, Endive, Eringo, Jacinth, 
 finished I shall give you a paraphrase ex- Madder, Kneeholly. 
 
 plaining these terms, which rightly con- \ Dry in the second degree. Waterflag, 
 sidered, will be the key of Galen's way of j Marshmallows, Alkanet, Smallage, Reeds, 
 administering physic. $ Sorrel, Swallow-wort, Asphodel male, Bazil, 
 
 rp / ,, T> t Valerian and Spatling Poppy, accord in & to 
 
 1 emperature of the Roots. . i K . w V A T ^ > 
 
 | the opinion or the Greeks. Our Lady s 
 
 Roots hot in the first degree. Marsh-mal- ; Thistles, Avens, Succory, Hound's tongue 
 lows, Bazil, Valerian, Spattling, Poppy, \ Cypress long and round, Fennel, Lovage, 
 Burdocks, Borrage, Bugloss, Calamus j Spignel, Mercury, Devil's bit, Butter-bur, 
 
 Aromaticus, Avens, Pilewort, China, Self- ; 
 heal, Liquorice, Dog-grass, white Lilies, 
 Peony, male and female, wild Parsnips 
 
 Parsley, Plantain, Zecloary. 
 
 Dry in the third degree. Angelica, Aron, 
 Birthwort, long and round, Sowbread, 
 
 Parsley, Valerian, great and small, Knee- j tort, Asarabacca, Briony white and black, 
 
 holly, Satyrion, Scorzonera, Skirrets. 
 
 Carline Thistle, China, Sallendine, Virginian 
 
 Hot inthe seconddegree. Water-tiag,Reeds, Snake-root, white Dittany, Doronicuin, 
 Swallow-wort, Asphodel, male, Carline | Hellebore white and black, Elicampane t 
 Thistle, Cypress, long and round, Fennel, j FiUipendula, Galanga greater and lesser, 
 Lovage, Spignel, Mercury, Devil's bit, But-! Masterwort, Orris, English and Florentine, 
 
 te'r Bur, Hog's Fennel, Sarsaparilla, Squils, 
 Zedoary. 
 
 Hot in the third degree. Angelica, Aron, 
 Birthwort long and round, Sowbread, 
 Asarabacca, Briony, white and black, Sal- 
 lendine, Virgianian snakeroot, Hemeric, 
 White Dittany, Doronicum, Hellebore, 
 
 Restharrow, Peony male and female, Cin- 
 quefoil, Hog's Fennel, Sarsaparilla, stink- 
 ing G laden, Tormentil, Ginger. 
 
 Dry in the fourth degree. Garlick, Onions. 
 Costus, Leeks, Pellitory of Spain. 
 
 Roots moist are, Bazil, Valerian, and 
 Spatling-poppy, according to the Arabian 
 
 white and black, Elicampane, FiUipendula, ;: Physicians, Daisies, white Beets, Borrage, 
 
 Galanga greater and lesser, Masterwort, 
 Orris English and Florentine, Restharrow, 
 stinking Gladen,Turbith, Ginger. 
 
 Bugloss, Liquorice, Dog grass, Mallows, 
 Satvrion, Scorzonera, Parsnips, Skirrets. 
 
25S 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Roots appropriated to several parts of the body. \ 
 
 )e found out by the ensuing 
 { explanation of the terms, and I suppose by 
 
 Heat the head. Doronicum, Fennel, \ that means they were found out at first ; 
 Jallap, Mechoacan, Spikenard, Celtic and j and although I hate a lazy student from 
 Indian. Peony male and female. { my heart, yet to encourage young students 
 
 Neck and throat. Pilewort, Devil's bit Jin the art, I shall quote the.chie of them: 
 
 Breast and huigs. Birthwort long and j I desire all lovers of physic to compare 
 round, Elicampane, Liquorice, Orris Eng- them with the explanation of these rules, 
 lish and Florentine, Calamus Aromaticus, ; so shall they see how they agree, so may 
 Cinquefoil, Squills. i they be enabled to find out the properties 
 
 Heart. Angelica, Borrage, Bugloss, I of all simples to their own benefit in physic 
 Carline Thistle, Doronicum, Butter bur, j Roots, bind. Cypress, Bistort, Tormen- 
 Scorzonera, Tormentil, Zedoary, Bazil, i til, Cinquefoil, Bear's breech, Water-flag, 
 Valerian white and red. ; Alkanet, Toothwort, &c. 
 
 Stomach. Elicampane, Galanga greater; Discuss. Birthwort, Asphodel, Briony, 
 and lesser, Spikenard, Celtic and Indian, ; Capers, &c. 
 Ginger, Fennel, Avens, Raddishes. Cleanse. Birthwort, Aron, Sparagus, 
 
 Bon-els. Valerian great and small, \ Grass, Asphodel, Celandine, &c. 
 Zedoary, Ginger. Open Asarabacca, Garlic, Leeks, Onions, 
 
 Liver. Smallage, Carline Thistle, Sullen- \ Rhapontick, Turmerick, Carline Thistle, 
 dine, China, Turmerick, Fennel, Gentian, : Succory, Endive, Fillipendula, Fennel, 
 Dog-grass, Cinquefoil, Parsley, Smallage, I Parsly, Bruscus, Sparagus, Smallage, Gen- 
 Asparagus, Rhubarb, Rhapontic, Kneeholly. jtian, &c. 
 
 Spleen. Smallage, Carline Thistle, Fern | Extenuate. Orris English and Floren- 
 male and female, Parsley, Water-flag, j tine, Capers, &c. 
 
 . i . TT~I i *-*t --v f-~ t * 
 
 Asparagus, round Birthwort, Fennel, Capers, 
 Ash, Gentian. 
 
 age, Asparagus, Burdock, Bazil, Valerian, 
 
 Burn. Garlick, 
 Spain, &c. 
 
 Onions, Pellitory of 
 
 Reins and Bladder. Marshmallows, Small- i Mollify. Mallows, Marshm allows &c. 
 
 Suppur. Marshmallows, Briony, white 
 
 Spatling Poppy, Carline Thistle, China, : Lillies, &c. 
 Cyprus long and round, Fillipendula, Dog! Glutinate. Comfrey, Solomon's Seal, 
 grass, Spikenard, Celtic and Indian, Parsly, \ Gentian, Birthwort, Daisies, &c. 
 Knee-holly, white Saxifrage. 
 
 Womb. Birthwort long 
 Galajiga greater and lesser, 
 and female, Hog's Fennel. 
 
 Fundament. Pilewort. 
 
 Expel Wind. Smallage, Parsly, Fennel, 
 and round, \ Water-flag, Garlick, Costus, Galanga. 
 Peony male j Hog's Fennel, Zedoary, Spikenard Indian, 
 | and Celtic, &c. 
 
 Breed Seed. Waterflag, Eringo, Saty- 
 
 Joints. Bear's -breech, Hermodactils, 1 rian, Galanga, &c. 
 
 Jallap, Mecoacan, Ginger, Costus. 
 
 Roots cool the head. Rose root. 
 
 Stomach. Sow Thistles, Endive, Succory, 
 Bistort. 
 
 Liver Madder, Endive, Chicory. 
 
 Properties of the Roots. 
 Although I confess the properties of the 
 
 Provoke the menses. Birthwort Asara- 
 bacca, Aron, Waterflag, white Dittany, 
 Asphodel, Garlick, Centaury the less, 
 Cy perus long and round, Costus, Capers, 
 Calamus Aromaticus, Dittany of Crete, 
 Carrots, Eringo, Fennel, Parsly, Smallage, 
 Grass. Elicampane, Peony, Valerian, Knee- 
 holly, &c- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 259 
 
 Sfop the menses. Comfrey, Tormentil, j convenient liquor, is an excellent remedy 
 Bistort, &c. I for the scurvy ; the powder of it being snuf- 
 
 Prowke sweat. Carolina Thistle, China, I led up in the nose, cleanses the hrad of 
 
 Sarsaparilla, &c. 
 
 Resist poison. Angelica, Garlick, long 
 Birthwort, Smallage, Doronicum, Costus, 
 Zedoary, Cyprus, Gentian, Carolina This- 
 
 rheum gallantly. 
 
 The bark of the black Alder tree purge? 
 choler and flegm if you make a decoction 
 with it. Agrimony, Wormwood, Dodder, 
 
 tie, Bistort, Tormentil, Swallow-wort,Viper's| Hops, Endive and Succory roots : Parsly 
 Bugloss, Elicampane, &c. j and Smallage roots, or you may bruise a 
 
 Help burnings. Asphodel, Jacinth, white j handful of each of them, and put them in 
 Lilies, &c. j a gallon of ale, and let them work togetnei : 
 
 Ease pains. Waterflag, Eringo, Orris, put the simples into a boulter-bag, and a 
 Restharrow, &c. ; draught, (half a pint, more or Jess, accord- 
 
 Purge choler. Asarabacca, Rhubarb, ; ing to the age of him that drinks it,) being 
 Rhapontick, Fern, &c. I drunk every morning, helps the dropsy, 
 
 Relieve melancholy. Hellebore, white and ; jaundice, evil disposition of the body ; also 
 black, Polipodium. ! helps the rickets, strengthens the liver and 
 
 Purge flegm and watery humours. Squills, spleen ; makes the digestion good, troubles 
 Turbith, Hermodactils, Jallap, Mecoacan, | not the stomach at all, causes appetite, and 
 wild Cucumbers, Sowbread, male Asphodel, 5 helps such as are scabby and itchy. 
 Briony white and black, Elder, Spurge j The rest of the barks that are worth the 
 great and small. j noting, and the virtues of them, are to be 
 
 I quoted some of these properties to \ found in the former part of the book, 
 teach you the way how to find the rest, j Barks are hot in the first degree. Guaja- 
 which the explanation of these terms will j cum, Tamarisk, Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, 
 give you ample instructions in: I quoted j In the second. Cinnamon, Cassia, Lignea, 
 not all because I would fain have you j Captain Winter's Cinnamon, Frankincense, 
 studious: be diligent gentle reader. [Capers. 
 
 How to use your bodies in, and after* In the third. Mace. 
 
 taking purges, you shall be taught by and by. 
 
 Barks mentioned by the College are these. | ***** Mandrakes. 
 College.] Hazel Nuts, Oranges, Bar-] Approbated to parts of the body. 
 
 Cold in the first. Oak, Pomegranates. 
 
 berries, Birch-tree, Caper roots, Cassia Lignea, 
 Chestnuts, Cinnamon, Citron Pills, Dwarf- 
 Elder, Spurgeroots, Alder, Ash, Pomegranates, 
 Guajacum, Walnut tree,green Walnuts, Laurel, 
 
 Heat the head. Captain Winter's Cinna- 
 
 mon. 
 
 The heart. Cinnamon, Cassia, Lignea, 
 Citron Pills, Walnuts, Lemon pills, Mace. 
 
 Bay, Lemon, Mace, Pomegranates, Man- \ The stomach. Orange pills, Cassia Lig- 
 
 drake roots, Mezereon, Mulberry tree roots, jnea, Cinnamon, .Citron pills, Lemon pills, 
 
 Sloe tree roots, Pinenuts, Fistick-nuts, Poplar t Mace, Sassafras. 
 
 tree, Oak, Elder, Sassafras, Cork, Tamerisk, \ The lungs. Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon, 
 
 Lime tree, Frankincense, Elm, Capt. Winter's j Walnuts. 
 
 Cinnamon. \ The liver. Barberry-tree, Bay-tree, Cap- 
 
 Culpeper.~\ Of these, Captain Winter's j tain Winter's Cinnamon 
 Cinnamon, being taken as ordinary spice, The spleen. Caper bark, Ash tiee bark, 
 or half a dram taken in the morning in any 5 Bay tree. 
 
 ax 
 
200 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 The reins and bladder. Bay-tree, Sassa- j or Alcost, Burdock greater and lesser , Brook- 
 fras. ! lime, or' water Pimpernel, Beets white, red, and 
 
 The womb. Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon. \ black, Betony of the wood and water. Daises 
 
 Cool the stomach. Pomegranate pills. j greater and lesser, Blite, Mercury, Borrage, 
 
 Purge choler. The bark of Barberry \ Oak of Jerusalem, Cabbages, Sodonella, Briony 
 tree. I white and black, Bugloss, Buglesse, Shepherd's 
 
 Purge Jlegm and water. Elder, Dwarf- ; Purse, Ox-eye, Box leaves, Calami-nth of the 
 Elder, Spurge, Laurel. I Mountains and Fens, Ground Pine, Wood-bine, 
 
 1 or Honey-suckles, Lady-smocks, Marygolds, 
 
 ' \ Our Lady's Thistle, Carduus Benedictus, 
 
 WOODS \Avens, small Spurge, Horse-tail, Coleworts, 
 
 | Centaury the less, Knotgrass, Cervil, Ger- 
 
 College.] Firr, Wood of Aloes, Rhodium, \ mander, Camomle, Chamepytis female Southern- 
 Brazil, Box, Willow, Cypress, Ebony, Guaja- \ wood, Chelene, Pilewort, Chicory, Hemlock, 
 cum, Juniper, Lentisk, Ncphriticum, Rhodium, j garden and sea Scurvy-grass, Fleawort, Com- 
 Rosemary, Sanders, white, yellow, and red, \fry great, middle, or bugle, least or Daisies, 
 Sassafras, Tamarisk \ Sarasens, Confound, Buck-horn, Plantain, 
 
 Of these some are hot. Wood of Aloes, : May weed, (or Margweed, as we in Sussex 
 Rhodium, Box, Ebony, Guajacum, Neph-jcflW it) Orpine, Sampeer, Crosewort, Dodder, 
 riticum, Rosemary, Sassafras, Tamarisk. j Blue Bottle great and small, Artichokes, 
 
 Some cold. As Cypress, Willow, Sanders Houndstone, Cypress leaves, Dandelion, Dit- 
 white, red, and yellow. \t an y f Treet, Box leaves, Teazles garden and 
 
 Rosemary is appropriated to the head,! 
 
 wild, Dwarff Elder, Viper's Bugloss, Lluellin, 
 
 wood of Aloes to the heart and stomach, \ Smallage, Endive, Elecampane, Horsetail, 
 Rhodium to the bowels and bladder, Nephri- 1 Lpithimum, Groundsel, Hedge-mustard, 
 
 heart and spirits in levers. j tory, Goat's Rue, Lady's Bedstraw, Broom, 
 
 For the particular virtues of each, see { Muscatu, Herb Robert, Doves Foot, Cotton- 
 
 that part of the book preceding. | weed, Hedge Hyssop, Tree Ivy, Ground Ivy, 
 
 I or Ale hoof , Elecampane, Pellitory of the rail/, 
 
 - * Liver-wort, Cowslips, Rupture-wort, Hawk- 
 
 HFRBS I weed, Monk's Rhubarb, Alexanders, Clary 
 
 I garden and wild, Henbane, St. Johns-wort, 
 
 College.] Southernwood male and female. \ Horsetongue, or double tongue, Hysop, Sciatica 
 Wormwood, common, Roman, and such as bear cresses, small Sengreen, Sharewort, IVoad, 
 
 Wormseed, Sorrel, wood Sorrel, Maiden-hair 
 common, while or wall Rue, black and golden 
 Maudlin, Agrcmony, Vervain, Mallow, Ladies 
 
 Reeds, Schtenanth, Chamepitys, Glasswort, 
 Lettice, Lagobus, Arch-angel, Burdock great 
 and small, Lavender, Laurel, Bay leaves, 
 
 Mantle, Chickweed, Marshmallows, and Pirn- English and Alexandrian, Duckweed, Ditlan- 
 pernelboth male and female, Water Pimpernel, \ der, or Pepper-wort, Lovage, Privet, Sea bug- 
 Dill, Angelica, Smallage, Goose-grass, or j loss, Toad fax, Harts-tongue, sweet Trefoil* 
 Cleavers, ^Columbine, wild Tansie, or Silver I Wood-sorrel, I ]<>*, II illow-herb, Marjoram, 
 Weed, Mugwort, Asarabacca, Woodroof e,\ common and tree Mallows, Mandrake, Hore- 
 Arachy Distaff Thistle, Mousear, Costmary, \ hound white and black, Herb Maatich, Fca- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 261 
 
 tie leaves, Garden and water Cresses, Nep, \ tony, Lluellin. 
 Tobacco, Money-wort, Water Lilies, Bazil, \ Intemperate and hot in the first degree, are. 
 Olive Leaves, Rest-harrow, Adder's Tongue, \ Agrimony, Marsh-mallows, Goose-grass or 
 Origanum, sharp-pointed Dock, Poppy, white, \ Cleavers, Distaff Thistle, Borrage, Bugloss, 
 black, and red, or Erratick, Pellitory of the \ or Lady's Thistles, Avens, Cetrach, Chervil, 
 Wall, Cinqucfoil, Ars-smart spotted and not! Chamomel, Eyebright, Cowslips, Melilot, 
 spotted, Peach Leaves, Thoroughwax, Parsley, \ Bazil, Self-heal. 
 
 Hart's Tongue, Valeriak, Mouse-ear, Burnet, \ In the second. Common and Roman 
 small Spurge, Plantain common and Horror j Wormwood, Maudlin, Lady's Mantle, 
 leaved, Mountain and, Cretick Poky, Knot- j Pimpernel male and female, Dill, Small age, 
 grass, Golden Maidenhair, Poplar leaves and \ Mugwort, Costmary, Belony, Oak of Jeru- 
 "buds, Leeks, Pur slain, Silverweed, or wild \sa\em, Marigold, Cuckooflowers, Carduus 
 Tansy, Horehound white and black, Primroses, \ Benedictus, Centaury the less, Chamepitys, 
 Self-heal,FieldPellitory,orSneezewort,Penny-\Sc(irvy-gra.ss, Indian Leaf, Broom, Ale- 
 royal, Fleabane, Lungwort, Winter-green, \ hoof,Alexanders, Double-tongue,orTongue- 
 Oak leaves and buds, Docks, common rue, \ blade, Archangel, or dead Nettles, Bay 
 Wall Rue or white Maidenhair, wild Rue, $ Leaves, Marjoram, Horehound, Bawm, 
 Savin, Osier Leaves, Garden Sage the greater j Mercury, Devil's-bit, Tobacco, Parsley 
 and lesser, Wild Sage, Elder leaves and buds, 1 Poley mountain, Rosemary, Sage, Sanicle 
 Marjoram, Burnet, Sanicle, Sopewort, Savory, \ Scabious, Senna, Soldanclla, Tansy, Vei 
 White Saxifrage, Scabious, Chicory, Schcenanth, j vain, Perewinkle. 
 
 Clary, Scordium, Figwort, Houseleek, or\ In the third degree. Southernwood male 
 Sengreen the greater and lesser, Groundsel, \ and female, Brooklime, Angelica, Briony 
 Senna leaves and pods, Mother of Time, Solo-\ white and black, Calaminth, Germander, 
 mon's Seal, Alexanders, Nightshade, Soldo- 1 Sullenciine, Pilewort, Fleabane, Dwarf 
 nela, Saw-thistles, smooth and rough, Flix-\ Elder, Epithimun, Bank-cresses, Clary, 
 need, common Spike, Spinach, Hawthorn, i Glassworl, Lavender, Lovage, Herb Mas- 
 Devil's-bit, Comfry, Tamarisk leaves, Tansy, | tich, Featherfew, Mints, Water-cresses, 
 Dandelyon, Mullen or Higcaper, Time, Lime \ Origanum, biting Arsmart, called in Lalin 
 tree leaves, Spurge, Tormentil, common and\ Hydro pi per, (the college confounds this 
 golden Trefoil, IVood-sorrel, sweet Trefoil, with Pcrsicaria, or mild Arsmart, which is 
 Colt's-foot, Valerian, Mullen, Vervain, Paid's \ cold (Sneezewort, Pennyroyal, Rue, Savin, 
 Bettony, Lluelliii, Violets, Tansy, Perewinkles,\ summer and winter Savory, Mother of 
 Swallou-rrort, golden Rod, Vine leaves, Mead-\Time, Lavender, Spike, Time, Nettles. 
 sweet, Elm leaves, Naval-wort, Nettles, com-\ In the fourth degree. Sciatica-cresses, 
 mon and Roman, Archangel, or dead Nettles, j Stone-crop, Dittany, or Pepper- wort, gar- 
 white and red. j den-cresses, Leeks,. Crowfoot, Rosa Solis, 
 
 Culpeper. These be the herbs as the 5 Spurge. 
 
 college set down to look upon, we will j Herbs cold in the first degree. Sorrel 
 see if we can translate them in another \ Wood-sorrel, Arach, Burdock, Shepherd's- 
 form to the benefit of the body of man. : purse, Pellitory of the wall, Hawk-weed, 
 
 Herbs temperate in respect of heat, are : Mallows, Yarrow, mild Arsmart, called 
 common Maiden-hair, Wall-rue, blark and ? Persicaria, Burnet, Coltsfoot, Violets. 
 
202 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Cold in the second degree, duckweed,! In the fourth degree. Garden-cresses, 
 wild Tansy, or Silverweed, Daisies, Knot- 1 wild Rue, Leeks, Onions, Crowfoot, Rosa 
 grass, Succory, Buck-horn, Plantain, Dan- jSolis, Garlic, Spurge, 
 delyon, Endive, Fumitory, Strawberry | Herbs moist in the Jirst degree. Borrage, 
 leaves, Lettice, Duck-meat, Plantain, Pur- j Bugloss, Marigolds, Pellitory of the wall, 
 slain, Willow leaves. j Mallows, Bazil. 
 
 In the third degree. Sengreen, or House- \ In the fourth degree. Chickweed, Arach, 
 leek, Nightshade. ,' Daisies, Lettice, Duckmeat, Purslain, Sow 
 
 In the fourth degree. Hemlock, Henbane, \ Thistles, Violets, Water-lilies. 
 
 Mandrakes, Poppies. i rr i * , f.i / 
 
 TJ L j Jl 4. j A 5 Herbs appropriated to certain parts of the bodt/ 
 
 Herbs dni m the first decree. Agrimony, ? / 
 
 n/r u 11 ni T> i i of man. 
 
 Marsh-mallows, Cleavers, Burdocks, Step- s 
 
 herds-purse, our Lady's Thistle, Chervil, \ Heat the head. Maudlin, Costmary, 
 Chamomel, Eye-bright, Cowslips, Hawk- i Betony, Carduus Benedictus, Sullendine, 
 weed, Tongue-blade, or double tongue, ! Scurvy-grass, Eye-bright, Goat's Rue, 
 Melilot, mild Arsmart, Self-heal, Senna, \ Cowslips, Lavender, Laurel, Lovage, herb 
 Flixweed, Coltsfoot, Perewinkle. 
 
 Dry in the second degree. Common and 
 Roman Wormwood, Sorrel, Wood-sorrel, 
 Maudlin, Lady's mantle, Pimpernel male 
 and female, Dill, Smallage, wild Tansy, 
 
 i * ' * o * 
 
 \ Mastich, Feather-few, Melilot, Sncezewort, 
 Penny-royal, Senna, Mother of Time, 
 
 or Silverweed, Mugwort, Distaff Thistle, 
 Costmary, Betony, Bugle, Cuckooflowers, 
 Carduus Benedictus, Avens, Centaury the 
 less, Chicory, commonly called Succory, 
 Scurvy-grass, Buckhorn, Plantain, Dande- 
 
 Vervain, Rosemary. 
 
 Heat the throat. Archangel white and 
 red, otherwise called dead Nettles, Devil's- 
 bit. 
 
 Heat the breast. Maiden-hair, white, 
 black, common and golden, Distaft" Thistle, 
 Time, Betony, Calaminth, Chamomel, 
 Fennel, Indian-leaf, Bay leaves, Hyssop, 
 
 lyon, Endive, Indian ueaf, Strawberry Bawm, Horehound, Oak of Jerusalem, Ger- 
 leaves, Fumitory, Broom, Alehoof, Alex- mander, Melilot, Origanum, Rue, Sabious, 
 anders, Archangel, or Dead Nettles, white Periwinkles, Nettles. 
 
 and red, Bay Leaves, Marjoram, Feather-; Heat the heart. Southernwood male and 
 few, Bawm, Mercury, Devil's-bit, Tobacco, ; female, Angelica, Wood-roof, Bugloss, 
 Parsley, Burnet, Plantain, Rosemary, Wil- ; Carduus Benedictus, Borrage, Goat's Rue, 
 low Leaves, Sage, Santicle, Scabious, Sol- Senna, Bazil, Rosemary, Elecampane, 
 danella, Vervain. Heat the stomach. Wormwood common 
 
 Dry in the third degree. Southernwood, and Roman, Smallage, Avens, Indian leaf, 
 male and female, Brooklime, Angelica, i Broom, Schenanth, Bay leaves, Bawm, 
 Briony, white and black, Calamint, Ger- Mints, Parsley, Fennel, Time, Mother of 
 mander, Chamepitys, Selandine, Pilewort, {Time, Sage. 
 
 Fleabane, Epithinum, Dwarf-Elder, Bank \ Heat the liver. Agrimony, Maudlin, 
 cresses, Clary, Glasswort, Lavender, Lovage 'Pimpernel, male and female, Smallage, 
 Horehound, Herb Mastic, Mints, Water- ? ^" cfr " Qr " " r Ai^^ci mr- T.<,A*,'* TKictioc 
 
 cresses, Origanum, Cinquefoil, hot Arsmart, 
 Poley mountain, Sneezewort, Penny-royal, 
 Rue, or herb of Grace, Savin winter and 
 summer Savory, Mother of Tirne, Laven- 
 der, Silk, Tansy, Time, Trefoil. 
 
 Costmary, or Ale cost, our Lady's Thistles, 
 Centaury the less, Germander, Chamepytis, 
 Selandine, Sampier, Fox Gloves, Ash-tree 
 leaves, Bay leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, Hore- 
 hound, Water-cresses, Parsley, Poley 
 Mountain, Sage, Scordium, Senna, Mother 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 263 
 
 of Time, Soldanella, Asarabacca, Fennel, j Strawberry leaves, and Water-Li lies. 
 
 Hyssop, Spikenard. 
 
 Heat tiit bowels. Chamomel, Alehoofe, \ 
 
 Stomach. Sorrel, Wood sorrel, Succory 
 Orpine, Dandelyon, Endive, Strawberry 
 
 Alexanders. | leaves, Hawkweed, Lettice, Purslain, Sow 
 
 Heat the spleen. All the four sorts of | Thistles, Violet leaves. 
 
 r i l A _ O 11 _ /~< T . O _ . -_1 ~\\T .. 
 
 Maiden-hair, Agrimony, Smallage, Cen- \ 
 taury the less, Cetrach, Germander, Chame- 
 pitys, Samphire, Fox-glove, Epithimum 
 
 Liver. Sorrel, Woodsorrel, Dandelyon. 
 Endive, Succory, Strawberry leaves, Fumi- 
 tory, Liverwort, Lettice, Purslain, Night- 
 
 Ash-tree, Bay leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, j shade, Water Lilies. 
 Horehound, Parsley, Poley, Mountain Sage, | Bowels. Fuvnitory, Mallows, Buckthorn, 
 ScordiumjSenna, Mother of Time,Tamarisk, Plantain, Orpine, Plantain, Burnet. 
 Wormwood, Water-cresses, HartVtongue. \ Spleen. Fumitory, Endive, Succory, 
 
 Heat the reins and bladder. Agrimony, i Lettice. 
 
 Maudlin, Marsh-mallows, Pimpernel male | Reins and bladder. Knotgrass, Mallows, 
 and female, Brooklime, Costmary, Bettony, | Yarrow, Moneywort, Plantain, Endive, 
 Chervil, Germander, Chamomel, Samphire, j Succory, Lettice, Purslain, Water Lilies, 
 Broom, Rupture-wort, Clary, Schenanth, \ Houseleek or Sengreen. 
 Bay-leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, Melilot, i The womb. Wild Tansy, Arrach, Bur- 
 Water-cresses, Origanum, Pennyroyal, | docks, Willow herb, Mirtle leaves, Money- 
 Scordium, Vervain, Motherof Time, Rocket, j i wort, Purslain, Sow Thistles, Endive, 
 Spikenard, Saxifrage, Nettles. * Succory, Lettice, Water Lilies, Sengreen. 
 
 Heat the womb. Maudlin, Angelica, j The joints. Willow leaves, Vine leaves, 
 Mugwort, Costmary, Calaminth, Flea-bane, j Lettice, Henbane, Nightshade, Sengreen or 
 May-weed, Ormarg-weed, Dittany of Crete, j Houseleek. 
 
 Schenanth, Arch-angel or Dead Nettles, \ TT , ,. . ,. 
 
 ..- ... ,. * TP* -i, 5 Herbs auertns according to propertii, in 
 
 Melilot, ieatner-rcw, Mints, UeVit s-oit. j & .. / ? 
 
 y-y. Tj-iT) it--' ration, some bind, as 
 
 Origanum, Bazil, Pennyroyal, Savin, \ 
 
 Sage, Scordium, Tansy, Time, Vervain, \ Amomus, Agnus Castus, Shepherd's 
 Periwinkles, Nettles. i purse, Cypress, Horsetail, Ivy, Bay leaves, 
 
 Heat the joints. Cowslips, Sciatica-cresses, j Melilot, Bawm, Mirtles, Sorrel, Plantain, 
 hot Arsmart, Garden-cresses, Costmary, j Knot-grass, Comf'ry, Cinquefoil, Fleawort, 
 Agrimony, Chamomel, Saint John's-wort, \ Purslain, Oak leaves, Willow leaves, Sen- 
 Melilot, Water-cresses, Rosemary, Rue, \ green or Houseleek, &c. 
 Sage Stechas. Open, as, Garlick, Onions, Wormwood. 
 
 Herbs cooling the head. Wood-sorrel, j Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Pellitory of the 
 Teazles, Lettice, Plantain, Willow-leaves, j Wall, Endive, Succory, &c. 
 Sengreen or Houseleek, Strawberry-leaves, j Soften. Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Beets, 
 Violet-leaves, Fumitory, Water Lilies. \ Pellitory of the Wall, Violet leaves, Straw- 
 Coo/ the throat. Orpine, Strawberry I berry leaves, Arrach, Cypress leaves, Bay 
 leaves, Privet, Bramble leaves. i leaves, Fleawort, &c. 
 
 Breast. Mulberry leaves, Bramble; Harden. Purslain, Nightshade, House- 
 leaves, Violet leaves, Strawberry leaves, \ leek or Sengreen, Duckmeat, and most 
 Sorrel, Wood-sorrel, Poppies, Orpine, { other herbs that are very cold. 
 Moneywort, Plantain, Colt's-foot. Extenuate. Mugwort, Chamomel, Hysop, 
 
 Heart. Sorrel, Wood sorrel, Viper's! Pennyroyal, Stoechas, Time, Mother ofTime, 
 liuglos's, Lettice, Burnet, Violet leaves, t Juniper, &c. 
 
 ' 3 Y 
 
204 THE COMPLETE -HERBAL 
 
 Discuss. Southernwood male and female, St. John's Wort, Marjoran , Horchound 
 all the four sorts of Maidenhair, Marsh- ; Bawm, Water-cresses, Origanum, B u ; ,i, 
 mallows, Dill, Mallows, Arrach, Beets, \ Pennyroyal, Poley mountain, Parsley, Small- 
 Chanioinel, Minis, Melilot, Pelitory of the: age, Rue, Rosemary, Sage, Savin, llartwort, 
 Wall,Chickweed, Rue, Stcechas, Marjoram, jl'iine, Mother of Time, Scordium, Nettles. 
 
 Dnia: Pimpernel, Birthworl, Dittany,* Stop the terms. Shepherd's purse, Straw- 
 Leeks, Onions, Garlick, and also take this j berries, Mirtles, Water Lilies, Plantain, 
 general rule, as all cold things bind and ! Houseleek or Sengreen, Com fry, Knotgrass, 
 harden, so all things very hot are drying. Resist poison. Southernwood, Worm- 
 
 Sifppure. Mallows, Marsh-mallows, White; wood, Garlick, all sorts of Maiden hair. 
 Lily leaves, &c. [Smallage, Bettony, Carduus Bcnedictus, 
 
 Cleanse. Pimpernel, Southernwood, j Germander, Calaminth, Alexanders, Car- 
 Sparagus, Cetrach, Arrach, Wormwood, Uine Thistle, Agrimony, Fennel, Juniper, 
 Beet, Pellitory of the Wall, Chamepitis, \ Horehound, Origanum, Pennyroyal, Poley- 
 Dodder, Liverwort, Horehound, Willows mountain, Rue, Scordium, Plantain, 
 leaves, &c. Discuss swellings. Maiden-hair, Cleavers, 
 
 Glutinate Marsh-mallows, Pimpernel, 
 
 or Goosegrass, Mallows, Marsh-mallows, 
 
 Centaury,Cnamepitis, Mallows, Germander, I Docks, Bawm, Water-cresses, Cmquefoil, 
 Horsetail, Agrimony, Maudlin, Strawberry j Scordium, &c. 
 
 leaves, Woad-chcrvil, Plantain, Cinquefoil, j Ease pain. Dil, AVormwood, Arach, 
 Com fry, Bugle, Self-heal, Woundwort, \ Chamomel, Gdaminth, Chamepitis, Hen- 
 Tormentil, Rupture-wort, Knot-grass, i bane, Hops, Hog's Fennel, Parsley, Rose- 
 Tobacco. | mary, Rue, Marjoram, Mother of Time. 
 
 ErpelK-ind. Wormwood, Garlick, Dill.j Herbs Pur sin* 
 
 Smallage, Chamomel, Epithimum, Fennel, \ 
 
 Juniper, Marjoram, Origanum, Savory both \ Choler. Groundsel, Hops, Peach leaves, 
 winterand summer. Tansy is good to cleanse \ Wormwood, Ceritaury, Mallows, Senna, 
 the stomach and bowels of rough viscous s Melancholy. Ox-eye, Epithimum, Fumi- 
 tlegm, and humours that stick to them, \ tory, Senna, Dodder. 
 
 which the flegmatic constitution of thej Flegm and water. Briony, white and 
 winter usually infects the body of man with, | black, Spurge, both work most violently 
 and occasions gouts and other diseases of land are not fit for a vulgar use, Dwart 
 like nature and lasting long. This was the| Elder, Hedge Hyssop, Laurel leaves, Mer- 
 original of that custom toeatTansys in the:cury, Mezereon also purges violently, and 
 spring; the herb may be made into a con-? so doth Sneezewort, Elder leaves, Senna, 
 serve with sugar, or boil it in wine and drink j For the particular operations of these, as 
 the decoction, or make the juice into a syrup j also how to order the body after purges, the 
 with sugar, which you will. \ quantity to be taken at a time, you have 
 
 Herbs breed seed. Clary, Rocket, and i been in part instructed already, and shall 
 most herbs that are hot and moist, and ; be more fully hereafter, 
 breed wind. 
 
 Provoke the terms. Southernwood, Gar-| 
 
 lirk, all the sorts of Maiden hair, Mugworl, j FLOWERS 
 
 Wormwood, Bishops-weed, Cabbages, Bet- 5 
 
 tony, Centaiiry, Chamomel, Calaminth, j College.] Wormwood, Agnus Castits, 
 Germander, Dodder, Dittany, Fennel, * Aniaranthits, Dill, Rosemary, Columbines, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 205 
 
 ( )rrenges, Balaustins, or Pomegranate Flowers, \ Epithinium, Winter-gilliflowers, or Wall- 
 Rettony, Barrage, Bugloss, Marigolds, Wood- flowers, Woodbine, or Honey-suckles. 
 
 iiine or Honey-suckles, Clove Gilliflowers, Ce it- 
 
 Cold in thejirst degree. Mallows, Roses 
 
 taury the /ess, Chamomel, Winter Gilliflowers, red, white, and damask Violets. 
 Succory, Comfry the greater, Saffron, Blue-i In the second. A netnom, or Wind-flower, 
 bottle great and small, (Synosbatus, Tragus, 1 Endive, Succory, Water-lilies, both white 
 and Dedonaeus hold our white thorn to be it, : and yellow. 
 
 Cordus and Marcel us think it to be Bryars, \ In the third. Balaustins, or Pomegranate 
 Lugdunensis takes it for the sweet Bryar, flowers. 
 
 but what our College takes it for, I know not) j In the fourth. Henbane, and all the sorts 
 Cytinus, (Dioscorides calls the flowers of the \ of Poppies, only whereas authors say, field 
 Manured Pomegranates, Cytinus, but Pliny j Poppies, which some call red, others erratick 
 calls the flowers of the mid hind by that name,) 5 and corn Roses, are the coldest of all the 
 Fox-glove, Vipers Bugloss, Rocket, L ye- \ others ; yet rny opinion is, that they are 
 bright, Beans, Fumitory, Broom, Cowslips, \ not cold in the fourth degree. 
 St. John's Wort, Hi/so>), Jessamine or Shrub, ; Moist in the first degree. Borrage, Bug- 
 Trefoil, Archangel, or Dead Nettles white \ loss, Mallows, Succory, Endive. 
 and red, lavender, Wall-flowers, or Winter- \ In the second. Water-lilies, Violets. 
 Gilliflowers, Privet, Lilies white, and of the \ Dry in the. first degree. Ox-eye, Saffron, 
 valley, Hops, Common and tree Mallows, \ Chamomel, Melilot, Roses. 
 Feather-few, Woodbine, or Honey-suckles, \ In the second. Wind-flower. Amomus, 
 Melilot, Bawm, Walnuts, Water-Lilies white \ Clove-gilliflowers, Rocket, Lavender, Hops, 
 and yellow, Origanum, Poppies white and red, \ Peony, Rosemary, Spikenard, 
 or Erraticks, Poppies, or corn Hoses, so called * In the third. Woodbine, or Honey- 
 because they grow amongst Corn, Peony, \ suckles, Balaustines, Epithimum, German- 
 Honey-suckles, or Woodbine, Peach-flowers, ; der, Chamepitis. 
 
 Primroses, Self-heal, Sloebush, Rosemary \ The temperature of any other flowers not 
 flowers, Roses, white, damask and red, Sage, \ here mentioned are of the same temperature 
 Elder, white Saxifrage, Scabious, Siligo, fljwith the herbs, you may gain skill by 
 think they mean wheat by it, Authors are not searching there for them, you can loose 
 agreed about it) Steches, Tamarisk, Tansy, \ none. 
 
 Mullen or Higtaper. Limetree, Clove Gilli-\ rr .7 * j.- ti, i, j ** * j 
 
 4 n n> r t r/- / / n * ; -for the parts of the body, they are appropriated 
 
 flowers, Lolt s-joot, Violets, Agnus Cast us, > h t 
 
 Dead Nettles white and red. 
 
 Citlpeper.~] That these may be a little | The head; as, Rosemary flowers, Self- 
 explained for the public good : be pleased ? heal, Chamomel, Bettony, Cowslips, Laven- 
 to take notice | der, Melilot, Peony, Sage, Stcechas. 
 
 Some are hot in thejirst degree, as Borrage, | The breast. Bettony, Bawm, Scabious, 
 Bugloss, Bettony, Ox-eye, Melilot, Cha-|Schoenanth. 
 .noniel, Stoechas. The heart. Bawm, Rosemary flowers, 
 
 Hot in the second degree. Amomus, Saf-| Borrage, Bugloss, Saffron, Spikenard, 
 ron, Clove-gillittowers, Rocket, Bawm,: The stomach. Rosemary-flowers, Spike- 
 pikenard, Hops, Schenanth, Lavender, i nard, Schosnanth. 
 Jasmine, Rosemary. The liver. Centaury, Schacnanth, Elder, 
 
 In th". third degree. Agnus Castus, j Bettony, Chamomel, Spikenard 
 
200 THE COMPJ TE HERBAL 
 
 The spleen. Bettony, Wall-flowers. | Movers purge clioler. Peach flowers 
 
 The reins anil bladder. Bet tony, Marsh \ /Damask Roses, Violets, 
 mallows, Melilot, Schoenanth, Spikenard. Flegm. .Broom flowers, Elder flowers. 
 
 The K-omb. Bettony, Squinanth or Sche- ! If you compare but the quality of the 
 nanth, Sage, Orris or Flower-de-luce. j flowers with the herbs, and with the expla- 
 
 The joints. Rosemary-flowers, Cowslips, \ nation of these terms at the latter end, you 
 Chamomel, Melilot. jniay easily find the temperature and pro- 
 
 r , .j ,. ,j | perty of the rest. 
 
 Plovers, as they are cooling, so they cool j I ^ riowers of Qx _ eye bdng boi , cd Jnfo 
 
 Tlic head. Violets, Roses, the three sorts j a poultice with a little barley meal, takeaway 
 of Poppies, and Water-lilies. ; swellings and hardness of the flesh, being 
 
 The breast and heart. Violets, Red Roses, j applied warm to the place. 
 
 Water-lilies.' { Chamomel flowers heat, discuss, loosen 
 
 The stomach. Red Roses, Violets. i and rarif'y, boiled in Clysters, they are ex- 
 
 The liter and spleen. Endive, and Succory. ! cellent in the wind cholic, boiled in wine, 
 
 Violets. Borrage, and Bugloss, moisten \ and the decoction drunk, purges the reins, 
 
 the heart, Rosemary-flowers, Bawm and : break the stone, opens the pores, cast out 
 
 Bettony, dry it. | choleric humours, succours the heart, and 
 
 ,. 5 cases pains and aches, or stiffness coming 
 
 According to property, so they bmd.^ \ by travellin ^ 
 
 Balaiistins. Saffron, Succory, Endive, i The flowers of Rocket used outwardly, 
 red-roses, Melilot, Bawm ,Clove-gilliflowers, discuss swellings, and dissolve hard tumors, 
 
 you may boil them into a poultice, but in- 
 wardly taken they send but unwholesome 
 
 Agnus Castus. 
 
 Discuss. Dill, Chamomel, Marsh-mallows, 
 
 Mallows, Melilot, Stoechas, &c. j vapours up to the head. 
 
 Cleanse. Damask-roses, Elder flowers,: Hops open obstructions of the bowels, 
 Bean flowers, &c. j liver, and spleen, they cleanse, the body or 
 
 Extenuate. Orris, or Flower-de-luce, ! choler and flegm, provoke urine. 
 Chamomel, Melilot, Stcechas, &c. ; Jasmine flowers boiled in oil, and the 
 
 Mollify. Saffron, white Lilies, Mallows, \ grieved place bathed with it, takes away 
 Marsh-mallows, &c. : cramps and stitches in the sides. 
 
 Suppure. Saffron, white Lilies, &c. The flowers of Woodbine, or Honey- 
 
 Glntinate. Balaustines, Centaury, &c. \ suckles, being dryed and beaten into pow- 
 
 Provoke the terms. Bettony, Centaury, j der, and a dram taken in white wine in the 
 Chamomel, Schoenanth, Wall-flowers, Bawm I morning, helps the rickets, difficulty H 
 Peony, Rosemary, Sage. j breathing ; provoke urine, and help the 
 
 Stop the terms. Balaustines, or Pome- j stranguary. 
 granate flowers, Water Lilies. The flowers of Mallows being bruised and 
 
 E.rpel wind. Dill, Chamomel, Schoenanth, | boiled in honey (two ounces of the flowers 
 Spikenard. j is sufficient for a pound of honey ; and 
 
 Help burnings. White Lilies, Mallows, j having first clarified the honey before you 
 Marsh-rnallows. j put them in) then strained out ; this honey 
 
 Resist poison. Bettony, Centaury. ! taken with a liquorice stick, is an excellent 
 
 Ease pain. Dill, Chamomel, Centaury, j remedy for Cough?, Asthmas, and con- 
 Melilot, Rosemary. J sumptions of the lungs 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 2(57 
 
 | Capers, Nutmegs, dry Walnuts, dry 
 
 \ Nuts, Fistick Nuts. 
 FRUITS. In the Ihird degree. Juniper Berries. 
 
 i Cloves, Carpobalsamum, Cubebs, Anacar- 
 Collfge.] Winter-cherries, Love Apples* dium, bitter Almonds. 
 
 Almonds meet and bitter, Anacordia, Oranges, \ In the fourth degree. Pepper, white, black 
 Hazel Nuts, the oily Nut Ben, Barberries, \ and long, Guinny Pepper. 
 Capers, Guinny Pepper, Figs, Carpobalsamum, \ Cold in the Jirst degree. The flesh ol 
 Cloves, Cassia Fistula, Chestnuts, Cherries \ Citrons, Quinces, Pears, Prunes, &c. 
 black and red, Cicers, white, black and rcd,\ In the second. Gourds, Cucumbers. 
 Pome Citron*, Coculus Indi, Colocynthis, Cur- \ Melons, Pompions, Oranges, Lemons. 
 rants, Cornels or Cornelian Cherries, Cubebs, \ Citrons, Pomegranates, viz. the juice oi 
 Cucumbers garden and wild, Gourds, Cyiwx- \ them, Peaches, Prunes, Galls, Apples. 
 hatus, Cypress, Cones, Quinces, Dales, Dtrarf- \ In the third. Mandrakes. 
 Elder, Green Figs, Strawberries, eoniinon and \ In the fourth. Stramonium. 
 Turkey Galls, Acorns, Acorn Cups, Pome- { Moist in the Jirst degree. The rlesh of 
 pranates, Gooseberries, Ivy, Herb True-Love, \ Citrons, Lemons, Oranges, viz. the inner 
 Walnuts, Jujubes, Juniper berries, Baijberries, \ rhind which is white, the outer rhind is hot, 
 Lemons, Oranges, Citrons, Quinces, Pume- ; In the second. Gourds, Melons, Peaches, 
 grannies, Lemons, Mandrakes, Peaches, \ Prunes, c. 
 
 Stramonium, Apples, garden and wild, or > Dry in the Jirst degree. Juniper Berries. 
 Crabs and Apples, Musk Melons, Medlars \ In the second. The Nut Ben, Capers, 
 Mulberries, Myrobalans, Bellericks, Chebs, Pears, Fistick Nuts, Pine Nuts, Quinces, 
 Emblicks, Citron and Indian. Mirt/e, Berries, \ Nutmegs, Bay berries. 
 tenter Nuts, Hazel Nuts Chestnuts, Cypress \ In (he third. Cloves, Galls, &c. 
 Nuts, Walnuts, Nutmegs, Fistick Nuts, \ In the fourth. All sorts of pepper. 
 
 to the body of Man, so they 
 heat the head : as 
 
 black, and long Pepptr, Fistick Nuts, Apples] Anacardia, Cubebs, Nutmegs. 
 
 and Crabs, Prunes, French and Damask, Sloes, ' The breast. Bitter Almonds, Dates, 
 
 J'ears, English Currants, Berries of Purging ; Cubebs, Hazel Nuts, Pine Nuts, Figs, 
 
 Thorn, black Berries, Raspberries, Elder i Raisins of the sun, Jujubes. 
 
 be*ries, Sebastens, Services, or Checkers, Haw-\ The heart. Walnuts, Nutmegs, Juniper 
 
 thorn berries, Pine Nuts, Hater Nuts, Grapes, \ berries. 
 
 Gooseberries, Raisins, Currants. The stomach. Sweet Almonds, Cloves, 
 
 Culpeper.] That you may reap benefit j Ben, Juniper berries, Nutmegs, Pine Nuts, 
 by these, be pleased to consider, that they j Olives, 
 are some of them j The spleen. Capers. 
 
 Temperate in respect of heat. Raisins of; The reins and bladder. Bitter Almonds, 
 the sun, Currants, Figs, Pine Nuts, Dates, ; Juniper Berries, Cubebs, Pine Nuts, Raisin.s 
 Sebastens. j O f the sun. 
 
 Hot in (he Jirst degree. Sweet Almonds, j The womb. Walnuts, Nutmegs, Bay- 
 Jujubes, Cypress Nuts, green Hazel Nuts, | berries, Juniper berries, 
 green Walnuts. j Cool the breast. Sebastens, Prunes 
 
 Hot in tb" ->"cond degree. The Nut Ben, 1 Oranges, Lemons. 
 
 3 z 
 
'. THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 The. heart. Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, i Myrobalans of all sorts, especially Chebs, 
 Pomegranates, Quinces, Pears. j Bellericks and Emblicks, purge flegm very 
 
 Thestomach. Quinces, Citruls, Cucumbers, | gently, and without danger. 
 Gourds, Musk Melons, Pompions, Cherries, | Of all these give me leave to commend 
 Gooseberries, Cornelian Cherries, Lemons, * only one to you as of special concernment. 
 Apples, Medlars, Oranges, Pears, English ! which is Juniper berries. 
 Currants, Cervices or Checkers. 
 
 The liver. Those that cool the stomach 
 and Barberries. S F F D S 
 
 The reins and womb. Those that cool the \ 
 
 stomach, and Strawberries. j College.] Sorrel, Agnus Castns, Marsh- 
 
 mallows, Bishop's weed true and common. 
 By their several operations, some \ Amomus, Dill, Angellica, Annis, Rose-seed, 
 
 Bind As the berries of Mirtles, Bar- l^f^' 6 ' Co *? it z ^fiT^ ^^' 
 berries, Chestnuts, Cornels, or Cornelian \ fl ?' R"^' Bur cks l Vazrl, Barberry 
 Cherries, Quinces, Galls, Acorns, Acorn- \ C ""' Brunus v Knee-holly, Hemp, Carda- 
 
 v_ ii^ i. iv_,_jj ->t^ VAiiiv>^._7. V^^.11U JLA^WI ftlOk -i-l-OV/lll" J J /~l J T* 7* 
 
 cups, Medlars, Checkers or Cervices, Pome- ! nwm \ [S r ^ r f *t, Carduus Benedicts, 
 granates, Nutmegs, Olives, Pears, Peaches. | " 7> 7 ^ * ^istles Bastard Saffron Cara- 
 Discuss. CapeYs, all the sorts of Pepper. jW Spurge greater and lesser, Colewort* 
 Extenuate. Sweet and bitter Almonds, m " S ' ^ e / e ''f oj Cherrystones, Chewl 
 Bayberries, Juniper berries ' Succory, Hemlock, Citrons, Citruls, Garden 
 
 aintinnte A,* A ,-n P,, F,t \Sj-grass,Coloc,jnthis,Conander,Samphirt, 
 
 Glutinate. Acorns, Acorn Cups, OifcJ'jF 1 " 9 ^ 
 Raisins of the sun, Currants. | tucnmbers garden and wild, Gourds, Qmnc.es, 
 
 Expel Wind. Bay berries, Juniper her- i ^ um ?> ^'losbatus, Date-sf- 
 ries, Nutmegs, all the sorts of Pepper. Engbh, and cretish. Dwarf-, 
 
 Breed seed. Raisins of the sun, s'ncct r 
 Almonds, Pine Nuts, Figs, &c. 1 Fenugreek, Ash-tree keys, Fumitory, Brooms, 
 
 Provoke urine. Winte? Cherries. ! G ^ ains / ^radue, Pomegranates, mid Rue. 
 
 Provoke the terms. Ivy berries, Capers, &c. J #*?"%?' i h H* nt>ane > St - ^ hn ' s 
 
 Stop the terms. Barberries, & c . \ %"* ' H ^ S P ' , Le t tlce > Sharp-pomted-Dock, 
 
 Resist poison. Bay berries, Juniper ber-i^f e ' ?*"*. Le " hls > *&> , Le ' H01 ^ 
 ries, Walnuts, Citrons, commonly called | A 'k*-*W'> Lruseed or Flaaweed, Gro,n- 
 Pome Citrons, all the sorts of Pepper. j wdl > arnel > ^'f ^ejo^Liqnnes, Master- 
 
 Ease pain. Bay berries, Juniper berries, j ^ M^ram, Mallows, Mandrakes, Melon,, 
 Ivy berries, Figs, Walnuts, Raisins, Cur- \Medlars Mez ereo,,, Grom well, sweet Navcw 
 i-jnfc oil i, ? f 13 * Nigella, the kernels of Cherries, Aimcots, and 
 
 rants, all tlie sorts of Pepper. Jn_ _* ,n ; ^ i r>- -n i i> 
 
 j reaches, Bazil, Urobus, Rice, Pamck, Popptek 
 
 Fruits nurQ-inrr \white and black, Parsnips garden and wild, 
 
 t Thorough Wax, Parsley, English and Mace 
 
 Choler. Cassia Fistula, Citron M.yro-"donian, Bi/rnet, Pease, Plantain, Peonn, Leeks 
 
 1 alans, Prunes, Tamarinds, Raisins. j Purslain, Fleazcott, Turnips, Radishes, Sumach 
 
 Melancholy. Indian Myrobalans. | Spurge, Roses, Rue, garden and wild, ll'ornt- 
 
 Flegm. Colocynthis and wild Cucumbers j seed, Saxifrage, Succory, Sesami, Hartworl, 
 
 purge violently, and therefore not rashly to! common and cretish, Mustard-seed, Alexander^, 
 
 be meddled withal: 1 desire my book should ! Nightshade, Steves Ager, Sumach, Treac/t, 
 
 be beneficial, not hurtful to the vulgar, but ! Mustard, sweet Trefoil. II heat, both the Jim 
 

 AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 2G 
 
 flour and the bran, and that which starch in The stomach. Annis, Bishop's weed, 
 
 made oj\ Vetches or Tares, Violets, Nettles, 
 common and Roman, the stones of Grapes, 
 Greek Wheat, or Spelt Wheat 
 
 CulpeperJ] That you may receive a little 
 more benefit by these, than the bare reading 
 of them, which doth at the most but tell 
 
 Amornus, Smallage, Cummin, Cardamoms, 
 Cubebs, Grains of Paradise, 
 
 The liver. Annis, Fennel, Bishop's weed, 
 Amomus, Smallage, Sparagus, Cummin, 
 Caraway, Carrots. 
 
 The spleen. Annis, Caraway, Water- 
 
 you what they are ; the following method \ cresses. 
 
 may instruct you what they are good for. The reins and bladder. Cicers, Rocket, 
 
 , , ,7 / , , ; Saxifrage, Nettles, Gromwell. 
 
 beeds are hot in the first degree. , IT, 
 
 Ihe womb. Peony, Rue. 
 
 Linseed, Fenugreek, Coriander, Rice, j The joints. Water-cresses, Rue, Mustard - 
 Gromwell, Lupines. {seed. 
 
 In the second. Dill, Smallage, Orobus, : Cool the head. Lettice, Purslain, white 
 Rocket, Bazil, Nettles. ! Poppies. 
 
 In the third. Bishop's Weed, Annis, j The breast. White Poppies, Violets. 
 Amomus, Carraway, Fennel, (and so I \ The heart. Orange, Lemon, Citron 
 believe Smallage too, let authors say what | and Sorrel seeds. 
 
 they will, for if the herb of Smallage be| Lastly, the four greater and four lesser cold 
 somewhat hotter than Parsley ; 1 know j seeds, which you may find in the beginning 
 little reason why the seed should not be so j of the compositions, as also the seed of white 
 hot) Cardamoms, Parsley, Cummin, Carrots, \ and black Poppies cool the liver and spleen, 
 Nigella, Navew, Hartwort, Staves Ager. i reins and bladder, womb and joints. 
 
 In the fourth. Water -cresses, Mustard- i , ,. 
 
 j According to operation some seeds 
 
 Cold in the first degree. Barley, &c. Bind, as Rose-seeds, Barberries, Shep- 
 
 In the second. Endive, Lettice, Purslain, [ herd's purse, Purslain, &c. 
 Succory, Gourds, Cucumbers, Melons, \ Discuss. Dill, Carrots, Linseeds, Fenu- 
 Citruls, Pompions, Sorrel, Nightshade. ! greek, Nigella, &c. 
 
 In the third. Henbane, Hemlock, Pop- 1 Cleanse. Beans, Orobus, Barley, Lupines, 
 pies white and black. j Nettles, c. 
 
 Moist in thefirst degree. Mallows, &c. Mollify. Linseed, or Flax seed, Fenu- 
 
 Dry in the Jirst degree. Beans, Fennel, ; greek seed, Mallow r s, Nigella. 
 Fenugreek, Barley, Wheat, c. Harden. Purslain seed, &c. 
 
 In the second. Orobus, Lentils, Rice, j Suppure. Linseed, Fenugreek seed, Dar- 
 Poppies, Nightshade, and the like. ; net, Barley husked, commonly called French 
 
 In the third. Dill, Smallages, Bishop's | Barley. 
 
 Weed, Annis, Caraway, Cummin, Cori-j Glutinate. Orobus, Lupines, Darnel, &c, 
 ander, Nigella, Gromwell, Parsley. Expel wind. Annis, Dill, Smallage, 
 
 Appropriated to the body of man, and so ^ e j ^^y, Cummin, Carrots, Fennel, Nigella, 
 
 J - -'j Parsley, Hartwort, Wormseed. 
 
 Heat the head. Fennel, Marjoram, Pepny, ] Breed seed. Rocket, Beans, Cicers, Ash 
 
 tree keys. 
 
 The breast. Nettles. \ Provoke the menses. Amomus, Sparagus. 
 
 The heart. Bazil, Rue, &c. Mustard : Annis, Fennel, Bishop's weed, Cicers, Car- 
 &' I rots, Smallage, Paisley, Lovago, Hartwort, 
 
-270 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Rose seeds, Cummin, 
 
 Me terms. 
 Burdock, &c. 
 
 Resist poison. Bishop's weed, Annis, i 
 Smallage, Cardamoms, Oranges, Lemons,: 
 Citrons, Fennel, &c. 
 
 Temperate, as, Juice of Liquorice, white 
 starch. 
 
 Hot in the first degree. Sugar. 
 In the second. Labdanum. 
 /// the third. Benzoin, Assafoetida. 
 Ease pain. Dill, Amomus, Cardamoms, \ Cold in the third degree. Sanguis Draco- 
 Cummin, Carrots, Orohus, Fenugreek, Din-lnis, Acacia. 
 seed, Gromwell, Parsley, Panick. i In the third. Ilypocistis. 
 
 Assuage swellings. Linseed, Fenugreek /// the fourth. Opium, and yet sonir: 
 seeds, Marsh-mallows, Mallows, Corian- j authors think Opium is hot because of i Is 
 der, Barley, Lupines, Darnel, &c. i bitter taste. 
 
 Alons and Manna purge choler gently ; 
 ! and Scamon v doth purge choler violently, 
 ; that it is no ways tit for a vulgar man's use, 
 
 The College tells you a tale that there are j lor il )rrodcs the B , owels ' PP a ax 
 
 i l m S fle ^ m very gently. 
 
 such 
 
 things n 
 
 Renim Natura, as thes 
 
 , se, 
 
 Gums, Rozins, Balsams, and Juices made i 7// 'f xtc "' ch &"** levigates or makes 
 lliick viz ? smooth such parts as are rough, syrup ot 
 
 S Violets being made thick with it and so 
 
 College.] Juices of Wormwood and ]\faitd- : taken on the point of a knife, helps coughs, 
 ////, Acacia, Aloes, Lees of Oil, Assa-feelicla, \ roughness of the throat, wheezing, excoria- 
 Ralsam of Peru and India; Bdellium, Ben- ; lions of the boAvels, the bloody-flux. 
 com, Camphire, Caranna, Colophonia, Juice of\ Juice of Liquorice helps roughness of the 
 Maudlin, Euphorbium, Lees of Wine, Lees of I Trachea Artena, which is in plain English 
 Oil, Gums of Galbanum, Amoniacum, Anime, j called the windpipe, the roughness of which 
 Arabick, Cherry Trees, Copal, Elemy, Juni- \ causes coughs and hoarseness, difficulty of 
 per, Ivy, Plumb Trees, Cambuge, Hypocystis, > breathing, &c. It allays the heat of the 
 
 Labdanum, Lacca, Liquid Amber, Manna, 
 
 Mastich, Myrrh, Olibanum, Opium, Opopanax, 
 
 Pice-bitumen, Pitch of the Cedar of Greece, 
 
 Liquid and dry Rozins of Fir-tree, Larch-tree, 
 
 Pine tree, Pine-fruit, Mastich. Venice and 
 
 Cyprus Turpentine. Sugar, white, red, and 
 
 Christaline, or Sugar Candy white and red, 
 
 Sagapen, Juniper, Gum, Sanguis Draconis, 
 
 Sarcocolla, Scomony, Styrax, Liquid and\ reins and bladder, being weakened : being 
 
 Calamitis, Tacha, Mahaccu, Tartar, Frankin- \ beaten into fine powder and put into the 
 
 cense, Olibanum, Tragaganth, Birdlime. jeyes, it takes away films that grow over 
 
 Culpeper.'] That my country may receive (the sight. 
 
 more benefit than ever the college of Phy-j Labdanum is in operation, thickening, 
 sicians intended them from these, I shall | heating and mollifying, it opens the passap: 
 treat of them severally. .of the veins, and keeps the hair from falling 
 
 1. Of the Juices. off; the use of it is usually external -. being 
 
 2. Of the Gums and Rosins. ; mixed with wine, mvrrh, and oil of niirtle>. 
 
 stomach and liver, eases pains, soreness and 
 roughness of the reins and bladder, it 
 quencheth thirst, and strengthens ihc 
 stomach exceedingly : It may easily be 
 carried about in one's pocket, and eat a little 
 now and then. 
 
 Sugar cleanses and digests, takes away 
 roughness of the tongue, it strengthens the 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 271 
 
 
 
 and applied like a plaister, it takes away \ Opopanax gently purges flegm 
 filthy scars, arid the deformity the small: From the prickly Cedar when it is burned 
 pox leaves behind them ; being- mixed with j comes forth that which, with us, is usually 
 oil of Roses, and dropped into the ears, it { known by the name of Tar,and is excellently 
 helps pains there; being used as a pes-!good for unction either for scabs, itch, or 
 sary, it provokes the menses, and helps I rnanginess, either in men or beasts, as alsc 
 hardness or stiffness of the womb. It is j against the leprosy, tetters, ringworms, and 
 sometimes used inwardly in such medicines scald heads. 
 
 as ease pains and help the cough : if you | All sorts of Hozins fill up hollow ulcers, 
 mix a little of it with old white wine and j and relieve the body sore pressed with cold 
 drink it, it bolh provokes urine and stops \ griefs. 
 
 .looseness or fluxes. { The Rozin of Pilch-tree, is that which 
 
 Dragons blood, cools, binds, and repels. :is commonly called Burgundy pilch, and 
 
 Acasia, and Hyposistis, do the like. \ is something hotter and sharper than the 
 
 The juice of Maudlin, or, for want of it j former, being spread upon a cloth is ex- 
 
 Costmary, which is the same in effect, and jcellently good for old aches coming of former 
 
 better known to the vulgar, the juice is made! bruises or dislocations. 
 
 thick for the better keeping of it; first: Pitch mollifies hard swellings, and brings 
 
 clarify the juice before you boil it to its due boils and sores to suppuralion, it breaks 
 
 thickness, which is something thicker than carbuncles, disperses aposthurnes, cleanses 
 
 honey. j ulcers of corruption and fills them with 
 
 It is appropriated to the liver, and the j flesh. 
 
 quantity of a dram taken every morning, \ Bdellium heats and mollifies, and that very 
 helps the Cachexia, or evil disposition of S temperately, being mixed with any con- 
 the body proceeding from coldness of the { venient ointment or plaister, it helps kei- 
 liver: it helps the rickets and worms injnels in the neck and throat, Scrophula, or 
 children, provokes urine, and gently (with- j that disease which was called the King's 
 out purging) disburdens the body of choler { Evil. Inwardly taken in any convenient 
 and flegm; it succours the lungs, opens ob- 1 medicine, it provokes the menses, and breaks 
 structions, and resists putri faction of blood, j the stone, it helps coughs and bitings of 
 Gums are either temperate, as, Lacca, 5 venomous beasts : it helps windiness of the 
 Elemi, Tragacanth, &c. ; spleen, and pains in the sides thence coming. 
 
 Intemperate, and so are hot in the first \ Both outwardly applied to the place and 
 degree, as Bdellium, Gum of Ivy. j inwardly taken, it helps ruptures or such as 
 
 In the second, G'<\\\r<inum, Myrrh, Mastich, are burst, it softens the hardness of the 
 Frankincense, Olibanum, Pitch, Rozin, i womb, dries up the moisture thereof and 
 Scyrax j expels the dead child. 
 
 In the third. Amoniacum. Bitumen Jadaicum is a certain dry pitch 
 
 In the fourth. Euphorbiurn. which the dead sea, or lake of Sodom in India 
 
 Gum Arabick is cold. ; casts forth at certain times, the inhabitants 
 
 Colophonia and Styrax soften. j thereabouts pitch their ships with it. It is 
 
 Gum Arabick and Tragacanth, San- J } of excellent use to mollify the hardness of 
 darack or Juniper Gum, and Sarcocolla { swellings and discuss them, as also against 
 bind. ( inflammations ; the smoke of it burnt is 
 
 Gum of Cherry trees, breaks the stone. 
 Styrax provokes the menses. 
 
 excellently good for the fits of the mother, 
 and the falling-sickness : Inwardly taken in 
 4 A 
 
272 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 wine it provokesthe menses, helps the bitings S tures in the skull and head. See Arceia' 
 of venomous beasts, and dissolves congealed | liniment. 
 
 blood in the body. Gum Lacca being well purified, and (he 
 
 Ambergreese is hot and dry in the second j quantity of half a dram taken in any con. 
 degree, I will not dispute whether it be a ' venient liquor, strengthens the stomach an 
 Gum or not: It strengthens nature much 'liver, opens obstructions, helps the yelloxv 
 which way soever it be taken, there are but j jaundice and dropsy ; provokes urine, 
 few grains usually given of it at a time :! breaks the stone in the reins and bladder, 
 mixed with a little ointment of Orange; Liquid Amber is not much unlike liquid 
 flowers, and the temples and forehead ; Styrax: by unction it warms and comforts 
 anointed with it, it eases the pains of the! a cold and moist brain, it eases all griefs 
 head and strengthens the brain exceedingly ; j coming of a cold cause, it mightily comforts 
 the same applied to the privities, helps the | and strengthens a weak stomach, being 
 fits of the mother; inwardly taken ill anointed with it, and helps digestion ex- 
 strengthcns the brain and memory, thei ceedingly, it dissolves swellings. It is hot 
 heart and vital spirit, Wcums cold stomachs, I in the third degree, and moist in the first, 
 and is an exceeding strengthener of nature 
 
 to old people, adding vigour to decayed and 
 
 I think it would do the commonwealt 
 no fiarm if I should speak a word or two o 
 
 worn-out spirits : it provokes venery, and I Manna here, although it be no Gum : Icon 
 makes barren women fruitful, if coldness j fess authors make some nutter about it, 
 and moisture or weakness be the cause im- 1 what it is, some holding it to be the juice 
 pediting. of a tree ; I am confident it is the very same 
 
 Attqfiehda being smelled to, is vulgarly 
 known to repress the fits of the mother ; 
 a. little bit put into an aching tooth, pre- 
 
 condensated that our honey-dews here are, 
 only the contries whence it comes being far 
 hotter, it falls in great abundance. Let him 
 
 sently eases the pain, ten grains of it taken \ that desires reason for it, be pleased lo read 
 before dinner, walking half an hour after j Butlers book of Bees, a most excellent 
 it, provokes appetite, helps digestion, \ experimental work, there he shall find rca- 
 strengthens the stomach, and takes away j son enough to satisfy any reasonable man. 
 loathing of meat, it provokes lust exceed- ] Choose the driest and whitest; it is a very 
 ingly and expels wind as much. | gentle purger of choler, quenches thirst, 
 
 Borax, besides the virtues it has to solder ! provokes appetite, eases the roughness ot 
 Gold, Silver, Copper, &c. inwardly given! the throat, helps bitterness in the throat, 
 in small quantities, it stops fluxes, and the; and often proneness to vomit, it isverygoov. 
 running of the reins: being in fine powder, ? for such as are subject to be costive to put 
 and put into green wounds, it cures them at j it into their drink instead of sugar, it hatn 
 once dressing. j no obnoxious quality at all in it, but may 
 
 Gambuge, which the College calls Gutta \ be taken by a pregnant woman without any 
 Gamba. I know no good of it. \ danger ; a child of a year old may take an 
 
 Curanna outwardly applied, i? excellent ; ounce of it at a time dissolved in milk, it 
 for aches and swellings in the nerves and I will melt like sugar, neither will it be known 
 ioints : If you lay it behind the ears, it j from it by the taste. 
 
 draws back humours from the eyes; applied j ]\li/r'-h is hot and dry in the second degree 
 to the temples as they usually do Mastich, it J dangerous for pregnant women, it is bitter 
 Helps the tooth-ache. 'jam! yet held to be good for the ro-.u<hnes? 
 
 Gum Elimi, authors appropriate to frac- '<' the throat and wind-pipe ; half a <iium ,f 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 273 
 
 it taken at a time helps rheumatic distilla- 
 tions upon the lungs, pains in the sides ; it ; 
 stops tluxes, provokes the menses, brings 
 away both birth and after-birth, softens the 
 
 not very easy. It stops defluctions from 
 the head, if you perfume your cap with the 
 smoke of it, it helps the headache and 
 megrim, strengthens the brain, and therefore 
 
 hardness of the womb; being taken two \ the sinews. 
 
 hou'-s before the fit comes, it helps agues.:: Gum TragagantJt, which the vulgar call 
 
 Mathiolus saith he seldom used any other 
 medicine for the quartan ague than a dram 
 
 Gum Dragon, being mixed with pectora.' 
 Syrups, (which you shall find noted in their 
 
 of myrrh given in Muskadel an hour before * proper places) it helps coughs and hoarse- 
 the fit usually came : if you make it up into \ ness, salt and sharp distillations upon the 
 pills with treacle, ;md take one of them : lungs, being taken with a liquorice stick, 
 every morning fasting, it is a sovereign I being dissolved in sweet wine, it helps 
 preservative against the pestilence, against ! (being drank) gnawing in the bowels, sharp- 
 the poison of serpents, and other venomous \ ness and f reelings of the urine, which causes 
 beasts; asingularremedy forastinking breath \ excoriations either in the reins or bladder, 
 if it arise from putrefaction of the stomach, j being dissolved in milk and the eyes washed 
 it fastens loose teeth, and stays the shedd- | with it, it takes away weals and scabs that 
 ing off of the hair, outwardly used it breeds j grow on the eyelids, it is excellently good to 
 flesh in deep wounds, and covers the naked ! be put in poultice to fodder wounds, 
 bones with flesh. especially if the nerves or sinews be hurt. 
 
 Olibam/m is hot in the second degree, and 
 dry in the first, you may take a dram of it 
 
 Sagapen, dissolved in juice of rue and 
 taken, wonderfully breaks the stone in the 
 
 at a lime, it stops looseness and the run- 1 bladder, expels the dead child and afler- 
 ning of the reins; it strengthens the memory i birth, clears the sight; dissolved in wine 
 exceedingly, comforts the heart, expels sad- \ and drank, it helps the cough, and dis- 
 ness and melancholy, strengthens the heart, jtillalion upon the lungs, and the fits of the 
 helps coughs, rheums and pleurises ; your j mother; outwardly in oils or ointments, it 
 best way (in my opinion,) to lake it is lo mix j helps such members as are oul of joint or 
 it with conserve of roses, and take it in the | over-slretched. 
 morning fasting. { Galbanum is of the same operation, and 
 
 Tac.hamacha is seldom taken inwardly, also taken from the same plant, viz. Fennel, 
 outwardly spread upon leather, and applied Giant. 
 
 to the navel ; it stays the fits of the mother, Gum Arabic, thickens and cools, and cor- 
 applied lo the side, it mitigates speedily, \ reels choleric sharp humours in the body, 
 and- in little time quite lakes away the pain j being dissolved in the white of an egg, well 
 and windincss of ihc spleen ; the truth is, j beaten, it helps burnings, and keeps the 
 whatsoever ache or swelling proceeds of j place from blistering, 
 wind or cold raw humours, I know no; Mastich slays fluxes, being laken inwardly 
 belter plaister coming from beyond sea lhan | any way. Three or four small grams o^ 
 this gum. It strengthens the brain and i Mastich, swallowed at night going to bed, 
 memory exceedingly, and stops all such j is a remedy for pains in the stomach 
 defluctions thence as trouble the eyes, ears, j being beaten inlo powder, and mixed wilh 
 or teeth, it helps the gout and sciatica. | conserve of Roses, il strengthens the stomach, 
 
 Gum Coopal, and Gum Anime, are very j stops dislillations upon the lungs, sUiy t 
 Jike one another both in body and opera- vomiting, and causes a sweet breath; bring 
 Uon, the former is hard lo come by, the last t mixed with white wine and the moulh 
 
274 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 washed with it, it cleanses the gums of cor- ; being anointed with the same, cools the reins, 
 ruption, and fastens loose teeth. land seminal vessels, stops the running ot 
 
 Frantdncente being used outwardly in the j the reins and Fluor Albus, the moderate use 
 way of a plaister, heats and binds; being {of Venery, the like it doth if it be drank 
 applied to the temples, stops the rheums j inwardly with Bettony-water, take but a 
 that flow to the eyes, helps green wounds, i small quantity of it at a time inwardly, it 
 and fills hollow ulcers with flesh, stops the j resist poison and bitings by venomous 
 bleeding of wounds, though the arteries be I beasts; outwardly, applied as before, and 
 cut; being made into an ointment with} the eyes anointed with it, stops hot rheums 
 Vinegar and Hog's-grease, helps the itch, i that flow thither. 
 
 pains in the ears, inflammations in women's | Opopanax purges thick flegm from the 
 breasts commonly called agues in the breast;! most remote parts of the body, rir. the 
 beware of taking it inwardly, lest it cause! brain, joints, hands, and feet, the nerves 
 madness. ; and breast, and strengthens all those parts 
 
 Tin-pent hie is hot in the second degree, it* when they are weak, if the weakness pro- 
 heals, softens, it discusses and purges, ceed of cold, as usually it doth ; it helps 
 cleanses the reins, provokes urine. j weakness of the sight, old rotten coughs, 
 
 Styrax Calamitis is hot and dry in the i and gouts of all sorts, dropsies, and swell- 
 second degree, it heals, mollifies, and con- ! ings of the spleen, it helps the stranguary 
 cocts; being taken inwardly helps the cough, j and difficulty of making urine, provokes 
 and distillations of the lungs, hoarseness and j the menses, and helps all cold afflictions of 
 loss of voice, helps the hardness of the ; the wornb ; have a care you give it not to 
 womb, and provokes the menses. i any pregnant women. The dose is one 
 
 Ammoniacum, hot and dry in the third j dram at most, corrected with a little Mastich, 
 degree, softens, draws, and heats; being clis- j dissolved in Vinegar and outwardly applied 
 solved in vinegar, strained and applied \ helps the passions of the spleen, 
 plaister-wise, it takes away carbuncles and ; 
 hardness in the flesh, it is one of the best; 
 remedies that I know for infirmities of the j Jn the next ]ace the Co]] te]]s a lale 
 
 .pleen, being applied to the left side; being concern ^ Liquid, Jutces, and Tears, 
 made into an ointment with oil, it is good j which ^ be \ for n( . ^ 
 
 to anoint the limbs of such as are weary : 
 
 a scruple of it being taken in the form of at College.] Vinegar, Juice of Citrons, Juice 
 pill loosens the belly, gives speedy delivery \of sour Grapes, Oranges, Barberries, Tears of 
 to women in travail, helps diseases of the j a Birch-tree, Juice of ' Chermes, Quinces, Pome- 
 spleen, the sciatica and all pains in the I granates. Lemons, Wood-sorrel, Oil of unripe 
 joints, and have any humour afflicting their | Olives, and ripe Olives, both new and cold, Juice 
 breast. | of red and Damask Roses, Wine Tears of a 
 
 Camphire, it is held by all authority to be j Vine. 
 
 cold and dry in the third degree, it is of very i Culpeper."] The virtues of the most of 
 hin subtile parts, insomuch that bring; these may be found in the Syrups, and are 
 beaten into very fine powder it will vanquish j few of them used alone, 
 away into the air, being beaten into powder \ 
 and mixed with oil, and the temples anointed ; 
 therewith, eases headaches proceeding of! 
 In at. all inflammations whatsoever, the back/ 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 273 
 
 ' | broken, and they boiled in spring water, 
 
 when the College tells you there are things \ but not scummed at all, for the scum will 
 
 o s , py A VTT<J 1 sink of itself, and the water drank for 
 
 ureo. or rJUAiM io. j. . . , . , . . , 
 
 i ordinary drink is a most admirable remedy 
 
 College.] Agarick, Jews-ears, the berries for consumption ; being bruised and ap- 
 of Chermes, the Spungy substance of the plied to the place they help the gout, draw 
 Briar, Moss, Viscus Quercinus, Oak, Apples. I thorns out of the flesh, and held to the nose 
 
 CulpeperJ] As the College would have -help the bleeding thereof. 
 
 you know this, so would I know what the 
 
 chief of them are good for. 
 
 Ms-ears boiled in milk and drank, \ Therefore consider that the Collefie ^ ave 
 helps sore throats. the Apothecaries a cata]ogue Jf what 
 
 Moss is cold, dry and binding, therefore j Paris g Uvi ^^ ^ ExcremmU 
 good for fluxes of all sorts. th ' . k , , 
 
 Misleto of the Oak, it helps the falling I 
 
 sickness and the convulsions; being dis- ] College.] The fat, gnase, or suet, of a 
 erectly gathered and used. Duck, Goose, Eel, Soar, Herron, Thymal- 
 
 Oak Apples are dry and binding ; being | lows (if you know where to get it) Dog, 
 boiled in milk and drank, they stop fluxes! Capon, Beaver, wild Cat, Stork, Coney, Horse 
 and the menses, and being boiled in vinegar, i Hedge-hog, Hen, Man, Lion, Hare, Pike, or 
 and the body anointed with the vinegar, ! Jack, (if they have any fat, I am persuaded 
 
 'tis worth twelve-pence a grain) Wolf, 
 Mouse of the mountains, (if you can catch 
 them) Pardal, Hog, Serpent, Badger, Grey 
 
 cures the itch. 
 
 Then the College acquaints you, That there jj ^ck Fox, Vulture, (if you can catch 
 
 are certain living Creatures called i ^ Al * m G ~' An 8^ D s d & 
 
 the hncklebone of a Hare and a Hog, East 
 
 College.] Bees, Woodlice, Silkworms, \ and West Bezoar, Butter not salted and salted, 
 Toads, Crabs of the Rivet, little Puppy Dogs, \ stone taken out of a man's bladder, Vipers 
 Grass-hoppers, Cantharides, Cothanel, Hedge- \flesh, fresh Cheese, Castorium, white, yellow, 
 hogs, Emmets or Ants, Larks, Swallows, and ; and Virgin's Wax, the brain of Hares and 
 their young ones, Horse-leeches, Snails, Earth- \ Sparrows, Crabs' Claws, the Rennet of a 
 worms, Dishwashers or Wagtails, House Lamb, a Kid, a Hare, a Calf, and a Horse, 
 Sparrows and Hedge Sparrows, Frogs, Scineus, ' the heart of a Bullock, a Stag, Hog, and 
 Land Scorpions, Moles, or Monts, Tortoise of \ a Wether, the horn of an Elk, a Hart, 
 the 'Woods, Tenches, Vipers and Foxes. \ a Rhinoceros, an Unicom, the skull of a man 
 
 CulpeperJ] That part of this crew of '\killed by a violent death, a Cockscomb, the 
 Cattle and some others which they have not \ tooth of a Bore, an Elephant, and a Sea-horse, 
 been pleased to learn, may be made bene- \ Ivory, or Elephant's Tooth, the skin a Snake 
 ficial to your sick bodies, be pleased to i hath cast off, the gall of a Hawk, Bullock, a 
 understand, that i she Goat, a Hare, a Kite, a Hog, a Bull, 
 
 Bees being burnt to ashes, and a lye made | a Bear, the cases of Silk-worms, the liver of a 
 with the ashes, trimly decks a bald head j Wolf, an Otter, a Frog, Isinglass, the guts 
 being washed with it. \ of a Wolf and a For, the milk of a she Ass, 
 
 Snails with shells on their backs, being! a she Goat, a Woman, an Ewe, a Hnfer, 
 first washed from the dirt, then the shells \ East and West Bezoar. the stone in the head 
 
 4 B 
 
276 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 a C'-ab, and a Perch, if there be any stone in f 
 
 an O.i Gall, stone in the bladder of a W^| METALS| STONES, SALTS, AND 
 
 the Jaw of a rikc or Jack, Pearls, the marrow \ rvruPR ivyiTxrTrTj \ T 
 
 / ,i i* c of f\ /-> c, ^ !/ J vy 1 JlijlV 
 
 of the Leg of a owerp, O.r, Goo/, o/^, 6//, : 
 
 common and virgin Honey, Musk, Mummy, a 
 Swallow's nest, Crabs Eyes, the Omentinn or 
 
 Ver-de-grease, Scales of Brass, sEfitis, 
 Alana Terra, Alabaster, Alcctorions, Alum 
 
 call of a Lamb, Ram, Wether, Calf, the : Seisile and Roach Amethist, Amianth, Amplte- 
 whitcs, yolks, and shells of Hen's Eggs, Emmet's\litcs, Antimony, leaves and filings of Silver, 
 Eggs,bone of a Stag's heart, anOx leg, Ossepia, j Quick Silver, Lapis, Armeniits, native Atseinc, 
 the inner skin of a Hen's Gizzard, the wool of \both white and red, artificial Arsenic, white 
 Hares, the feathers of Partridges, that which j and realgar, Argilla, Asteria, leaves and Jil- 
 Bees make at the entrance of the hive, the j ings of Gold, Belemites, Berril, Bole-armenick, 
 pizzle of a Slag, of a Bull, Fox Lungs, j Borrax, Toad-stone, Lapis Calaminatis, Cad- 
 fasting spittle-, the blood of a Pigeon, of a \ mia, Lime quick and quenched, Vitriol, white, 
 Cat, of a he Goat, of a Hare, of a Partridge, \ blue, and green, Steel, Borrax, Chrisolile, 
 of a Sow, of a Bull, of a Badger, of a Snail, \ Chrisoptis, Cynabris, native and artificial. 
 Silk, Ji hey, the suet of a Bullock, of a Stag, \ Whetstones, Chalk, white and green, Crystal 
 of a he Goat, of a Sheep, of a Heifer, Sperma- j D/phriges, the rust, dust, scales, , and fakes oj 
 celi, a Bullock's spleen, the skin a Snake hath \ Iron, Granite, Moftar, such 'as walls art 
 cast off, the excrements of a Goose, of a Dog, \ daubed with, Hcmatitis, Heliotropium, Jacinth, 
 of a Goat, of Pigeons, of a stone Horse, of a j Hyljer, Nidus, Jasper, Lapis Jitdacious, 
 Hen, of Swallows, of a Hog, of a Heifer, the \ Tiles, Lapis Lazuly, Lapis Littcis, Lithan- 
 ancle of a Hare, of a Sow, Cobwebs, Water \ thrax, Litharge of Silver and Gold, Load- 
 thells, as Blatta Bazantia, Buccince, Crabs, i stone, Marchusite, or fire stone Marble, Red 
 Cockles, Dentalis, Entalis, Mother of Pearl, ; Lead, native and artificial, Miss, Naptha, 
 Mytuli Purpura, Os stpite, Umbilious Mart- \ Lapis Nephriticus, Nitre, Oaker yellow and 
 nus, the testicles of a Horse, a Cock, the hoof \ red, Onyx, Opalus, Ophytes, Ostcocolla Lead 
 of an Elk, of an Ass, a Bullock, of a Horse, of\ white and black, Plumbago, Pompholixj Mar- 
 ti Lyon, the urine oj a Boar, of a she Goat. \chasite, Realgar, Ruhy, red Oaker, Sal 
 Cidpeper.~\ The liver of an Hedge-hog \A nnoniach, Sal Gem, and salt Nitre, Sapltyr 
 being dried and beaten into powder and j and Sardine, Sclenitis, Flints, Emerald, 
 drank in wine, strengthens the reins exceed- 1 Smiris, Sort, Spodiiim, Pewter, Brimstone, 
 ingly, and helps the dropsy, convulsions, j quick and common, Ta It h, Earth of Cimolia, 
 and the falling sickness, together with all : Sames, Lemnos, Sylesia, Topas, Alana, Terra, 
 fluxes of the bowels. j Ttitty, Vitriol, while, blue, and green. 
 
 The liver being in like manner brought 1 r, . ,. , ./ ' 
 
 b , j Precious stones alter by a way manifest or 
 into powder, strengthens the liver exceed- ; , , ;' 
 
 ingly, and helps the dropsy. 
 
 == By a way manifest, they are hot, in thf 
 
 *Thcn the College tells you these things may \frst degree. Hemetitis, Pyritis, Lopis 
 
 be taken from the SEA, as | Asius, Thyilis, Smyres, Lapis Schistus. 
 
 College.] Amber-grease, Sea-water, Sea- ' Precious stones cold, art in the first degree, 
 sand, Bitumen, Atitber white and yellow, Jet,\ Jacinth, Saphyr, Emerald, Crislal, Lapis 
 Carliiife, Coral, white and red, Foam of f/*e| Sainius, Lapis Phrigius. 
 Sea, Spunge, Stone Pumice, Sea salt, Spunges, \ In the second degree.. Ruby, Carbuncle, 
 
 1 Granite, Sardony. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 277 
 
 In the fourth degree. Diamond. Pumice-stone being beaten into powder 
 
 In respect of property, they bind, as Lapis ! and the teeth rubbed with it, cleanses them. 
 Asius, Nectius, Geodes-, Pumice-stone. \ Dioscorides. 
 
 Emolient, as Alabaster, Jet, Lapis Thra- i Jet, it is of a softening and discussing 
 gius. i nature, it resists the fits of the mother. 
 
 Stiipify: as Memphitis, Jasper, Ophites, j Lapis Arabicus being beaten into powder 
 
 Cleanse: as Lapis Arabicus. | and made into an ointment helps the 
 
 Glutinate: as Galaclitis, Melitcs. t hemorrhoids. 
 
 Scarify : as Morochtus. Ostracites, a dram of it taken in powder 
 
 Break the stone: as Lapis Lyncis, Lapis; provokes the menses ; being taken after that 
 Judaicus, Lapis Sponge. \ purgation, causes conception, also being 
 
 Retain the fruit in the womb : as JEtitis, i made into an ointment, helps inflammations 
 Jasper. j of the breast. 
 
 Provoke the menses. Ostracites. Myexis being borne about one takes away 
 
 c . 7, i -77 , / .j pains in the reins, and hinders the breedinp 
 
 Stones altering by a hidden property (as they j 
 
 y , v T. y * y of the stone. 
 
 oalt it,) are T . . , , , , 
 
 \ Lapis Armemm purges melancholy, ana 
 
 Bezoar, Topaz, Lapis Colubrinus, Toad- \ also causes vomiting, I hold it not very 
 stone, Emerald, Alectorius, Calcidonius, j safe for our English bodies, and therefore 
 Amethist, Saphyr, Jasper, Lapis Nephri- \ I will speak no more of it. 
 ticus, Lapis Tibernum, Lapis, Spongites, | , ,. . . T7 - 
 
 .. fnnnH i , thft maw of a Swallow. Explanation of certain Vacwtiov* 
 
 the stone found in the maw of a Swallow, ; 
 Load-stone, Lapis Vulturis, Merucius, 
 Coral, Lynturius, Jet, ^Elites, the stones of j 
 
 The five opening Roots. 
 
 Smallage, Sparagiis, Fennel, Parsley, Knee- 
 
 Crabs, Amber, Crystal, &c. i holly. 
 
 The Load-s'nne purges gross humours. The two opening Roots. 
 
 Lapis Armenius and Lapis Lazuli, purge? Fennel, Parsley. 
 melancholy. The five emolient Herbs. 
 
 Pyrites heat and cleanse, take away j Marsh-mallows, Mallows, Beets, Mercury, 
 dimness of sight. Dioscorides. Lapis Asius : Pellitory of the Wall, Violet Leaves. 
 binds and moderately corrodes and cleanses j The five Capillary Herbs, 
 filthy ulcers, and fills them up with flesh ; Maidenhair, Wall Rue, Cetrach, Hart's- 
 beiug mixed with honey, and applied to the \ tongue, Politricum. 
 place, is an admirable remedy for the gout. j The four cordial Flowers. 
 
 Chrystal being beaten into very fine pow- i Borrage, Bugloss, Roses, Violets. 
 der; and a clrarn of it taken at a time helps | The four greater hot Seeds, Carminative, 
 the bloody-flux, stops the Fluor Albus, and j or breaking wind. 
 
 1 n *-T*/"O t'*"\C* rv 1 I I.T " ^^T 1 1 1*eir\rv t\rt ft4 Am/nn jt .~~^~ ~. ** . , ., , 
 
 increases milk in Nurses. Mathiolus. 
 Lapis Samiusis cooling and binding, it is 
 
 Annis, Carraway, Cummin, Fennel. 
 The four lesser hot seeds. 
 
 very comfortable to the stomach, but it Bishop's weed, Amomus, Smallage, Carrots 
 
 dulls the senses, helps fluxes of the eyes 5 The four greater cold seeds. 
 
 and ulcers. Citrul^ Cucumber, Gourds, Melon. 
 
 Geodetes binds and drys, being beaten ; The four lesser cold seeds. 
 
 into powder and mixed with water, and i Succory, Endive, Lettice, Purslain. 
 
 applied to the place, takes away in- \ Five fragments of precious stones, 
 
 flammalions of the Testicles. i Granite,Jacinth,Sapphire,Sardmc,Emerald 
 
278 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 I Bullocks dung made in May, Swallows, Earth- 
 
 ru . , ,. c i 4.1, r> n r T>U ! worms, Magpies, Spawn of Frogs. 
 The right worshipful, the College of Phy- 1 
 
 sicians of London in their New Dispeiv \ 
 satory give you free leave to distil these j 
 common waters that follow, but they j 
 never intend you should know what they | 
 are good for. 
 
 SIMPLE DISTILLED WATERS. 
 
 SIMPLE WATERS DISTILLED 
 
 being digested before-hand. 
 
 Of the fresh Roots of Nettles. 
 Of the leaves of Agrimony, wild Tansy, 
 
 n ~ f f j Silverweed, Mugwort, Bettony, Mari- 
 
 golds, Chamomel, Chamepitys, Celandine, 
 
 Bnony, Omons, Elecampane, Orns, or j pii ewort , Scurvy-grass, Comfry the greater, 
 Flower-de-luce, Turnips. j Dandelyon, Ash-tree leaves, Eyebright, 
 
 Of flowers and buds of j Fumitory, Alehoof, or ground Ivy, Horse- 
 
 Southernwood, both sorts of Wormwood, \ tail, St. John's Wort, Yarrow, Moneywort, 
 ood Sorrel, Lady's-Mantle, Marsh-mallows, \ Restharrow, Solomon's Seal, Res solis, Rue, 
 Angelica, Pimpernel with purple flowers, \ Savin, Saxifrage, Hart's tongue, Scordium, 
 Smallage, Columbines, Sparagus, Mouse-ear, I Tamari&k, Mullin, Vervain, Paul's Bettony, 
 Borrage, Shepherd's Purse, Calaminth, Wood- \ Mead-sweet, Nettles. 
 
 Of the Flowers of Mayweed, Broom, 
 Cowslips, Butter-bur, Peony, Elder. 
 Of the berries of Broom, Elder. 
 Culpeper.~\ Then the College gives you 
 Hops, Marjoram, Mallows, Horehound,Fea-\an admonition concerning these, which 
 
 bine or Honey-suckles, Carduus BenedictuS, 
 our Lady's Thistles, Knofgrass, Succory, 
 Dragons, Colt's-foot, Fennel, Goat's Rue, 
 Grass, Hyssop, Lettice, Lovage, Toad-flax, 
 
 Banm, Mints, Horse-mints, Water \ being converted into your native language, 
 English Tobacco, white Poppies- \ is as follows. 
 
 therfew, 
 
 Cresses, 
 
 Pellatory of the Wall, Parsley, Plantain, \ We give you warning that these common 
 
 Pttrslain, Self-heal, Pennyroyal, Oak leaves, \ 
 
 Sage, Scabious, Figwort or Throatwort, House- j 
 f eek,or Sengreen, the greater and lesser Mother j 
 "f Time, Nightshade, Tansy, Tormentil, j 
 Valerian. \ 
 
 Of Flowers of 
 
 Oranges, (if you can get them) Blue-bot- 
 tle the greater, Beans, Water-Lilies, Lavender, 
 Nut-tree, Cowslips, Sloes, Rosemary, Roses 
 white, damask, and red, Satyrien, Lime-tree, 
 Clove-gillifiowers, Violets. 
 
 Of Fruits of 
 
 Oranges, Black Cherries, Pome Citrons, 
 Quinces, Cucumbers, Strawberries, Winter 
 Cherries, Lemons, Rasberries, unripe Walnuts, 
 Apples. 
 
 Of parts of living Creatures and their ex- 
 crements 
 
 waters be better prepared for time to 
 come, either in common stills, putting 
 good store of ashes underneath, the root* 
 and herbs being dryer, &c. or if they be 
 full of Juice, by distilling the juice in a 
 convenient bath, that so burning may be 
 avoided, which hitherto hath seldom 
 been. But let the other Herbs, Flowers, 
 or Roots, be bruised, and by adding 
 Tartar, common salt, or leven be 
 digested, then putting spring water to 
 them, distil them in an Alembick with 
 its refrigeratory, or Worm, till the 
 change of the taste shevr the virtue to bt 
 drawn off; then let the oil (if any) be 
 separated from the wattt according to 
 art. 
 Into the number of these \taters may be 
 
 Lobsters, Cockles, or Snails, Hartshorn, ascribed. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 270 
 
 The Tears of Vines, the liquor of the ! Waters conceding flegm in the head, are 
 
 Birch-tree, May dew. 
 
 Culpeper.~\ That my country may receive ; 
 
 w ' *^j * 
 
 Bettony, Sage, Marjoram, Chamomel, 
 Fennel, Calaminlh, Rosemary-flowers, 
 
 (he benefit of these waters, I shall first j PriHiroses, Eye-bright. 
 
 shew tiie temperatures, secondly, the vir- } In the breast and lungs. Maiden-hair. 
 
 -IT". * T . TT TT1 1X11 
 
 tues of the most usual and most easy to 
 come by : If any should take exceptions 
 that I mention not all, I answer first, I 
 mention enough. Secondly, who ever 
 
 Beltony, Hysop, Horchound, Carduus 
 Benedictus, Scabious, Orris, or Flower-de- 
 luces, Bawm, Self-heal, tScc. 
 
 In the heart. Bawm, Rosemary. 
 
 makes this objection, they shew extreme * In the stomach. Wormwood, Mints, 
 mpratitude; for had I mentioned but only : Fennel, Chervil, Time, Mother of Time, 
 one, I had revealed more to them than ever ; Marigolds. 
 
 the College intended they should know, or I In the liver. Wormwood, Ccntaury, 
 give me thanks for doing. j Origanum, Marjoram, Maudlin, Costmary, 
 
 The qualities and appropriation of the simple \ Agrimony, Fennel. 
 
 Distilled Waters Jn me spleen. Water-cresses, Wormwooa. 
 
 ,. .,," . , * Calaminth. 
 
 Simple distilled waters either cool or! r ., . ll , ., r> i AT ...i 
 
 , , . , i *i 1 1 i * Jn the reins and bladder ixocket, JNettles. 
 
 heat: such as cool, either cool the blood $ c ,. -i-, )r . ,. .1 w ,, . 
 
 j.baxifrage, Pelhtory ot the Wall, Alicam- 
 
 f\T f* 1 1 1 f* 1* 
 
 / t.i ji i T .1- n J pane, Burnet. 
 
 Waters cooling the blood. Lettice, Pur- j l - T ,, , - n i i 
 
 , . , vf t -r. , i ijLj: / the womb. Mugwort, Calaminth, 
 
 slam, \VaterLilies, Violets, borrel Endive, ; ^ i c T?r < c rp- 
 
 -r, . i Penny-royal, Savin, Mother of Time, 
 
 Succory, i umitory. 5 ^ J o 
 
 Waters cooling and repressing choleric humours, \Waters Concocting Melancholy in the head, 
 or vapours in the head. are 
 
 Nightshade, Lettice, Water Lilies, Plan- ; Hops, Fumitory. 
 
 tain, Poppies, viz. The flowers both of I The breast. Bawm, Carduus Benedictus. 
 white black and red Poppies, black Cheries. \ The heart. Borrage, Bugloss, Bawm, 
 
 The breast and lungs. Violets, Poppies I Rosemary. 
 
 /"* ,. 1 L * _ L* . _ m i j 
 
 three sorts, Colt's-foot. 
 In the heart. Sorrel, Quinces, Water 
 Lilies, Roses, Violets, green or unripe 
 
 The liver. Endive, Chicory, Hops. 
 The spleen. Dodder, Hart's-tongue, 
 Tamarisk, Time. 
 
 Walnuts. Having thus ended the appropriation, 
 
 In the stomach. Quinces, Roses, Violets, j I shall speak briefly of the virtues of dis- 
 Nightshade, Houseleeks, or Sengreen, Let- | tilled waters, 
 tice, Purslain. Lettice water cools the blood when it is 
 
 In the liver. Endive, Succory, Night- j over-heated, for when it is not. it needs no 
 shade, Purslain, Water Lilies. : cooling : it cools the head and liver, stays 
 
 In the reins and bladder. Endive, Sue- 1 hot vapours ascending to the head, and 
 cory, Winter Cherries, Plantain, Water i hinders sleep; it quenches immoderate 
 Lilies, Strawberries, Houseleek or Sen- ; thirst, and breeds milk in nurses, distil it in 
 green, black Cherries. Mai/. 
 
 In the womb. Endive, Succory, Lettice, | Purslain water cools the blood and liver 
 Water Lilies, Purslain, Roses. i quenches thirst, helps such as spit blooc' 
 
 Simple waters which are hot, concoct have hot coughs, or pestilences, 
 cither flegtn or melancholy. \ The distilled water of water Lily-flortxr 
 
 4 c 
 
280 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 "ouls the blood and the bowels, and all: The water of Distilled Quinces strengthens 
 internal parts of the body; helps such as j the heart and stomach exceedingly, siay, 
 have the yellow jaundice, hot coughs and vomiting and fluxes, and strengthens the 
 pleurisies, the head-ache, coming of heat, {retentive faculty in man. 
 levers pestilential and not pestilential, as \ Damask Rose water cools, comforts, and 
 also hectic fevers. i strengthens the heart, so doth Red Rose- 
 
 The water of Violet flowers, cools the ! water, only with this difference, the one is 
 blood, the heart, liver and lungs, over- 1 binding, the other loosening ; if your body 
 healed, and quenches an insatiable desire j be costive, use Damask Rose water, be- 
 of drinking, they are in their prime about; cause it is loosening: if loose, use red, 
 the latter end of March, or beginning of 1 because it is binding. 
 April, according as the year falls out. White Rose water is generally known to 
 
 The water of Sorrel cools the blood, j be excellent against hot rheums, and in- 
 heart, liver, and spleen : If Venice Treacle ; rlamrnations in the eyes, and for this it is 
 be given with it, it is profitable in pestilen- ! better than the former, 
 tial fevers, distil it in May. The water of Red Poppy flowers, called 
 
 Endive and Succory water are excellent ! by many Corn-roses, because they grow so 
 against heat in the stomach ; if you take i frequently amongst corn, cools the blood 
 an ounce of either (for their operation is 1 and spirits over-heated by drinking or 
 the same) morning and evening, four days \ labour, and is therefore excellent in surfets. 
 one after another, they cool the liver, and j Green Walnuts gathered about the lattei 
 cleanse the blood : they are in their prime \ end of June or July, and bruised, and so 
 in May. I stilled, strengthen the heart, and resist the 
 
 Fumitory water is usual with the city j pestilence. 
 
 dames to wash their faces with, to take away j Plantain water helps the headache ; being 
 morphey, freckles, and sun-burning ; in- j dropped into the ear it helps the tooth-ache, 
 wardly taken, it helps the yellow jaundice j helps the phthisicks, dropsy and fluxes, 
 and itch, cleanses the blood, provokes j and is an admirable remedy for u.cers in 
 sweat, strengthens the stomach, and cleanses i the reins and bladder, to be used as com- 
 the body of adust humours: it is in its jmon drink : the herb is in its prime in May 
 prime in May and June. Strawberry water cools, quenches thirst. 
 
 The water of Nightshade helps pains in {clarifies the blood, breaks the stone, helps 
 the head coming of heat. Take heed you tall inward inflammations, especially those 
 distil not the deadly Nightshade instead of* in the reins, bladder and passages of the 
 the common, if you do, you may make I urine ; it strengthens the liver and helps 
 mad work. Let such as have not wit! the yellow jaundice. 
 
 enough to know them asunder, have wit; The distilled water of Dog grass, or 
 enough to let them both alone till they do. | Couch grass, as some call it, cleanses the 
 
 The water of white Poppies extinguishes j reins gallantly, and provokes urinr, opens 
 all heat against nature, helps head-aches j obstructions of the liver and spleen, and 
 coming of heat, and too long standing in kills worms, 
 the sun. Distil them in June or July. Black Cherry water provokes urine, helps 
 
 Colt's-foot water is excellent for burns to i the dropsy. It is usually given in diseases 
 wash the place with it; inwardly taken it: of the brain, as convulsions, falling-sick- 
 helps Phthisicks and other diseases inci- ? ness, palsy and apoplexy, 
 dent to the lungs, distil them in May or June : Bctony is in its prime in May, the db- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 281 
 
 tilled water thereof is very good for such j The eyes being washed every morning 
 
 as are pained in their heads, it prevails | with Eyebright water, most strangely clears 
 
 against the dropsy and all sorts of fevers j and strengthens the sight. 
 
 it succours the liver and spleen, and helps i Maidenhair distilled in May, the water 
 
 want of digestion and evil disposition of j cleanses both liveY and lungs, clarifies the 
 
 the body thence arising ; it hastens travail j blood, and breaks the stone. 
 
 in women with child, and is excellent I Hyssop water cleanses the lungs of flegrn, 
 
 against the bitings of venomous beasts. \ helps coughs and Asthmas, distil it in 
 
 Distil Sage whilst the dowers be on it, j August. 
 
 the water strengthens the brain, provokes the * The water of Hare-hound, helps the cough 
 menses, helps nature much in all its actions. | and straitness of the breast ; it strengthens 
 
 Marjoram is in its prime in June, dis- i ; the breast, lungs and stomach, and liver, 
 
 tilled water is excellent for such Avhose 
 brains are too cold, it provokes urine, heats 
 the womb, provokes the menses, strengthens 
 the memory and helps the judgment, causes 
 an able brain. 
 
 Distil Camomel water about the beginning 
 of June. It eases the cholick and pains 
 in the belly; it breaks the stone in the 
 reins and bladder, provokes the menses, 
 expels the dead child, and takes away pains 
 in the head. 
 
 Fennel water strengthens the heart and 
 
 distil it in June. 
 
 Carduus water succours the head, 
 strengthens the memory, helps such as are 
 troubled with vertigoes and quartan agues , 
 it provokes sweat, strengthens the heart, 
 and all other fevers of choler. It is in 
 its prime in May and June. 
 
 Scabious water helps pleurises and pains, 
 and pricking m ihe sides; Aposthumes, 
 coughs, pestilences, and straitness of the 
 breast. 
 
 Water of Flower-de-luce is very profitable 
 
 brain ; dilates the breast, the cough, pro- j in dropsies, an ounce being drank con- 
 
 11 1 1 11 * 1 
 
 vokes the menses, encreases milk in nurses, ! 
 and if you wash your eyes with it, it clears 
 the sight. 
 
 tinually every morning and evening; as 
 also pains and torments in the bowels. 
 Bawm water distilled in May, restores 
 
 The Hooses of the fore feet of a Cow \ memory, it quickens all the senses, 
 dried and taken any away, encrease milk j strengthens the brain, heart, and stomach, 
 in nurses, the smoke of them drives away 1 causes a merry mind and a sweet breath, 
 mice. Mizaldus. The water of Comfrey solders broken 
 
 Calaminth water heats and cleanses the j bones, being drank, helps ruptures, out- 
 womb, provokes the menses, and eases the \ wardly it stops the bleeding of wounds, 
 
 pains of the head, distil it in May. 
 
 The distilled water of Rosemary flowers, 
 helps such as are troubled with the yellow 
 Jaundice, Asthmas, it cleanses the blood, 
 helps concoction, strengthens the brain 
 and body exceedingly. 
 
 Water'of the flowers of Lilies of the valley, 
 strengthens the brain and all the senses. 
 
 The water of Cowslip flowers helps the 
 palsey ; takes away pains in the head, the 
 vertigo and megrim, and is exceeding good 
 for pregnant women. 
 
 they being washed with it. 
 
 Wormwood water distilled cold, about the 
 end of May, heats and strengthens the 
 stomach, helps concoction, stays vomiting. 
 
 e 
 
 kills worms in the stomach and bowels, it 
 mitigates the pains in the teeth, and is pro- 
 fitably given in fevers of choler. 
 
 Mint water strengthens the stomach, helps 
 concoction and stays vomiting, distil it in 
 the latter end of May, or beginning of 
 June, as the year is in forwardness or back 
 wardness, observe that in all the rest. 
 
282 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Chenil water distilled about the end of: and lungs, provokes urine, and cleanses 
 May, helps ruptures, breaks the stone, rtis- jthe passages of it from gravel, 
 solves congealed blood, strengthens the j Distil Burnet in May or June, the water 
 heart and stomach 5 breaks the stone, cleanses the passages of 
 
 The water of Mother of Time strengthens j urine, and is exceeding profitable in pes- 
 the brain and stomach, gets a man a good [tilential times. 
 
 stomach to his victuals, provoke urine and \ Mugwort Avater distilled in May, is ex- 
 tlie menses, heats the womb. It is in its : cellent in coughs and diseases proceeding 
 prime about the end of June. j from stoppage of the menses, it warms the 
 
 The water of Mangold flowers is appro- 1 stomach, and helps the dropsy, 
 priated to most cold diseases of the head, j Distil Penny-royal when the flowers are 
 eyes, and stomach : they are in their vigour | upon it : the water heats the womb gallant- 
 when the Sun is in the Lion. jly, provokes the menses, expels the after- 
 
 The distilled water of Centaury comforts | birth ; cuts, and casts out thick and gross 
 a cold stomach, helps in fever of choler, it j humours in the breast, eases pains in the 
 kills worms, and provokes appetite. i bowels, and consumes flegm. 
 
 Maudlin and Costmary water distilled in \ The water of Lovage distilled in May, 
 May or June, strengthens the liver, helps \ eases pains in the head, and cures ulcers in 
 the yellow jaundice, opens obstructions, i the womb being washed with it; inwardly 
 and helps the dropsy. ! taken it expels wind, and breaks the stone. 
 
 Water-cresses distilled in March, the j The tops of Hops when they are young, 
 water cleanses the blood, and provokes i being distilled, the water cleanses the blood 
 urine exceedingly, kills worms, outwardly \ of melancholy humours, and therefore helps 
 mixed with honey, it clears the skin of mor- \ scabs, itch, and leprosy, and such like dis- 
 
 phew and sunburning. 
 
 Distil Nettles when they are in flower, the 
 water helps coughs and pains in the bowels, 
 provokes urine, and breaks the stone. 
 
 Saxifrage water provokes urine, expels 
 
 
 eases thence proceeding ; it opens obstruc- 
 tions of the spleen, helps the rickets, and 
 hypochondriac melancholy. 
 
 The water of Bon-aye and JBu gloss dis- 
 
 
 tilled when their flowers are upon them, 
 
 wind, breaks the stone, cleanses the reins strengthens the heart and brain exceed- 
 and bladder of gravel, distil them when ingly, cleanses the blood, and takes away 
 they are in flower. sadness, griefs and melancholy. 
 
 The water of Pellitory of the Wall, opens Dodder water cleanses the liver and 
 obstructions of the liver and spleen, by ! spleen, helps the yellow jaundice, 
 drinking an ounce of it every morning;! Tamarisk water opens obstructions, and 
 it cleanses the reins and bladder, and eases i helps the hardness of the spleen, and 
 the gripings of the bowels coming of wind, j strengthens it. 
 
 Distil it in the end of May, or beginning j English Tobacco distilled, the water is ex- 
 of June. jcellently good for such as have dropsy, to 
 
 Cinquefoil water breaks the stone, cleanses \ drink an ounce or two every morning; it 
 the reins, and is of excellent use in putri-| helps ulcers in the mouth, strengthens the 
 fied fevers. Distil it in May. j lungs, and helps such as have asthmas. 
 
 The water of Radishes breaks the stone, : , The water of Dwarf Elder, hath the 
 cleanses the reins and bladder, provokes ; same effects, 
 the menses, and helps the yellow jaundice. Thus you have the virtues of enough of 
 
 Eliiampane water strengthens the stomach j cold waters, the use of which is for mix- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 283 
 
 tures of other medicines, whose operation i cold and flegm, chilliness of the spirits, 
 is the same, for they are very seldom given \ &c. 
 
 alone : If you delight most in liquid medi- ; But that my countrymen may not be 
 cines, having regard to the disease, and part \ mistaken in this, I shall give them some 
 of the body afflicted by it, these will fur- j symptoms of each complexion how a man 
 nish you with where withal to make them j may know when it exceeds its due limits, 
 so as will please your pallate best. Signs of choler abounding. 
 
 \ Leanness of body, costiveness, hollow 
 
 l eyes, anger without a cause, a testy dispo- 
 
 COMPOUNDS. SPIRIT AND COM-K tion ' yellowness of the skin, bitterness in 
 
 POUND DISTILLED WATERS. l th throat ' P nck ' n g P ains m , the heJ ? d ' the 
 
 ; pulse swifter and stronger than ordinary, 
 
 Culpeper.~\ Before I begin these, Ij theurinehigher coloured, thinner and bright- 
 thought good to premise a few words : Theyler, troublesome sleeps, much dreaming of 
 are all hot in operation, and therefore not | fire, lightning, anger, and fighting. 
 to be meddled with by people of hot con- Signs of blood abounding. 
 
 stitutions when they are in health, for fear j The veins are bigger (or at least they 
 of fevers and adustion of blood, but for | seem so) and fuller then ordinary ; the skin 
 people of cold constitutions, as melancholy i is red, and as it were swollen ; pricking 
 and flegmatic people. If they drink of j pains in the sides, and about the temples, 
 them moderately now and then for recrea- j shortness of bieath, head-ache, the pulse 
 tion, due consideration being had to the: great and full, urine high coloured and 
 part of the body which is weakest, they j thick, dreams of blood, &c. 
 may do them good : yet in diseases of j Signs of melancholy abounding. 
 
 melancholy, neither strong watersnor sack i Tearfulness without a cause, fearful and 
 .s to be drank, for they make the humour j foolish imaginations, the skin rough and 
 thin, and then up to the head it flies, where ; swarthy, leanness, want of sleep, frightful 
 it fills the brain with foolish and fearful j dreams, sourness in the throat, the pulse 
 imaginations. \ very weak, solitariness, thin clear urine, 
 
 2. Let all young people forbear them j often sighing, &c. 
 
 whilst they are in health, for their blood is ; Signs ofjlegm abounding. 
 
 usually hot enough without them. Sleepiness, dulness, slowness, heaviness, 
 
 3. Have regard to the season of the year, \ cowardliness, forgetfulness, much spitting 
 so shall you find them more beneficial in \ much superfluities at the nose, little appe- 
 Summer than in Winter, because in sum-jtite to meat and as bad digestion, the skin 
 mer the body is always coldest within, and I whiter, colder and smoother than it was 
 digestion weakest, and that is the reason | want to be ; the pulse slow and deep : the 
 why men and women eat less in Summer j urine thick and low coloured : dreams of 
 than in Winter. j rain, floods, and water, &c. 
 
 Thus much for people in health, which j These things thus premised, I come to 
 drink strong waters for recreation. ? the matter. 
 
 As for the medicinal use of them, it shall j The first the College presents you with, 
 be shewed at the latter end of every receipt, 1 is 
 
 only in general they are (due respect had : Spiritus et Aqua Absinthis minus Composite 
 to the humours afflicting, and part of the! Or, Spirit and water of Wormwood, the 
 body afflicted) medicinal for diseases of j lesser composition. 
 
 4 D 
 
284 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 College.] Take of the leaves of dryed j of each one drachm : let the things be 
 Wormwood two pounds, Annis seeds, half } cut that are to be cut, and the things 
 a pound : steep them in six gallons of small : be bruised that are to be bruised, all of 
 wine twenty four hours, then distil them j them infused in twenty four pints of 
 in an Alembick, adding to every pound of ; Spanish wine, for twenty four hours, then, 
 the distilled water two ounces of the best distilled in an Alembick, adding two 
 Sugar. i ounces of white sugar to every .pint of 
 
 Let the two first pound you draw out be : distilled water. 
 
 called Spirit of Wormwood, those which | Let the first pint be called Spirit of 
 follow, Wormwood water the lesser com- j Wormwood the greater composition, 
 position. Culpeper.] The opinion of Authors is, 
 
 Culpeper.] I like this distinction of the : That it heats the stomach, and strengthens 
 College very well, because what is first : it and the lungs, expels wind, and helps 
 stilled out, is far stronger than the rest, i digestion in ancient people, 
 and therefore very fitting to be kept by \ Spiritus et Aqua Angelica magis composita. 
 itself: you may take which you please, Or Spirit and water of Angelica, the 
 according as the temperature of your body, I greater composition. 
 
 either to heat or cold, and the season ofj The College.] Take of the leaves of 
 year requires. ; Angelica eight ounces, of Carduus Bene- 
 
 It hath the same virtues Wormwood j dictus six ounces, of Bawm and Sage, of 
 hath, only fitter to be used by such whose | each four ounces, Angelica seeds six 
 bodies are chilled by age, and whose { ounces ; sweet Fennel seeds nine ounces, 
 natural heat abates. You may search the \ Let the herbs, being dryed, and the seeds 
 herbs for the virtues, it heats the stomach, I be grossly bruised, to which add of the 
 and helps digestion. species called Aromaticum Rosarum; and 
 
 The College.] After the same manner j of the species called Diamoschu Dulce, of 
 (only omitting the Annis seeds) is distilled j each an ounce and a half, infuse them 
 spirit and water of Angelica, both Herb : two days in thirty two pints of Spanish 
 and Root, Bawm, Mints, Sage, &c. the i Wine, then distil them with a gentle fire, 
 Flowers of Rosemary, Clary, Clove-gilli- ; and with every pound mix two ounces of 
 flowers, &c. the seeds of Caraway, &c. | sugar dissolved in Rose-water. 
 Juniper-berries, Orange Pills, Lemons, 5 Let the three first pounds be called by the 
 Citrons, &c. Cinnamon, Nutmegs, &c. I name of Spirit, the rest by the name of water. 
 Spiritus et Aqua Absynthii magis composita. \ Culpeper.] The chief end of composing 
 
 Or spirit aifti water of Wormwood, the ; this medicine, was to strengthen the heart 
 greater composition. j and resist infection, and therefore is very 
 
 The College] Take of common and \ wholesome in pestilential times, and ' for 
 Roman Wormwood, of each a pound ; i such as walk in stinking air. 
 Sage, Mints, Bawm, of each two handfuls ; ! I shall now quote you their former 
 the Roots of Galanga, Ginger, Calamus, j receipt in their former dispensatory. 
 Aromaticus, Elecampane, of each three | Angelica water the greater composition. 
 drachms ; Liquorice, an ounce, Raisins of j The College. Take of Angelica two 
 the Sun stoned, three ounces, Annis seeds, \ pounds, Annis> seed half a pound, Corian- 
 and sweet Fennel seeds, of each three j cler and Caraway seeds, of each four ounces, 
 drachms; Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, of; Zedoary bruised, three ounces : steep them 
 each two drachms ; Cardamoms Cubebs, > twenty four hours in six gallons of small 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 285 
 
 wine, then draw out the spirit, and sweeten | being tyed up in a rag, be hung into the 
 it with svigar. j aforementioned spirit. 
 
 CulpeperJ] It comforts the heart, j CulpeperJ] I could wish the Apothecaries 
 cherishes the vital spirits, resists the pes- ; would desire to be certified by the College, 
 tilence, and all corrupt airs, which indeed 1. Whether the gallon of Lavender 
 are the natural causes of epidemical dis- | flowers must be filled by heap, or by strike, 
 eases, the sick may take a spoonful of it in | 2. Next, whether the flowers must be 
 any convenient cordial, and such as are in j pressed down in the measure or not, 3. 
 health, and have bodies either cold by 5 How much must be drawn off in the first 
 nature, or cooled by age, may take as much \ distillation. 4. Where they should get 
 either in the morning fasting, or a little j Orange leaves and flowers fresh gathered, 
 before meat. { 5. What they mean by convenient diges* 
 
 Spiritus Lavendula compositus Matthias. \ tion. 6. Where you shall find Borrage, 
 Or compound spirit of Lavender. Matthias. > Bugloss, and Cowslips, flowering together, - 
 
 The College^] Take of Lavender flowers j that so you may have them all fresh ac- 
 one gallon, to which pour three gallons of | cording to their prescript, the one flowering 
 the best spirits of wine, let them stand j in the latter end of April, and beginning of 
 together in the sun six days, then distil j May, the other in the end of June, and 
 them with an Alembick with this refrige- j beginning of July. 7. If they can make a 
 ratory. \ shift to make it, how, or which way the 
 
 Take of the flowers of Sage, Rosemary, j virtues of it will countervail the one half of 
 and Bettony, of each one handful ; the ; the charge and cost, to leave the pains and 
 flowers of Borrage, Bugloss, Lilies of the j trouble out. 
 Valley, Cowslips, of each two handfuls : | Spiritus Castorii. 
 
 let the flowers be newly and seasonably j Or Spirit of Castoreum. 
 
 gathered, being infused in one gallon of j The ColleJ\ Take of fresh Castoreum 
 the best spirits of wine, and mingled with I four ounces, Lavender flower an ounce, 
 the foregoing spirit of Lavender flowers, j the tops of Sage and Rosemary, of each 
 adding the leaves of Bawm, Feather-few, f half an ounce, Cinnamon six drains, Mace, 
 and Orange tree fresh gathered; the flowers i Cloves, of each two drachms, spirits of 
 of Stoechas and Orange tree, ay berries, 1 Wine rectified, six pounds, digest them 
 of each one ounce. After convenient diges- | in a phial filled only to the third part, close 
 tion distil it again, after which add Citron i stopped with cork and bladder in warm 
 pills the outward bark, Peony seed husked, \ ashes for two days, then distilled in Balneo 
 of each six drams, cinnamon, Mace, : Mariae, and the distilled water kept close. 
 Nutmegs, Cardamoms, Cubebs, yellow i stopped. 
 
 Sanders, of each half an ounce, Wood of j Culpeper.~\ By reason of its heat it u 
 Aloes one dram, the best Jujubes, the stones i no ways fit to be taken alone, but mixed 
 being taken out, half a pound, digest them ; with other convenient medicines appro- 
 six weeks, then strain it and filter it, and i priated to the/ diseases you would give it 
 add to it prepared Pearls two drams, I for, it resists poison, and helps such as are 
 Emeralds prepared a scruple, Ambergrease, \ bitten by venomous beasts : it causes 
 Musk, Saffron, of each half a scruple, j speedy delivery to women in travail, and 
 red Roses dryed, red Sanders, of each half | casteth out the Placenta: it helps the fits of 
 an ounce, yellow Sanders. Citron Pills, j the mother, lethargies and convulsions, being 
 dryed, of each one dram. Let the species { mixed with white wine, and dropped into 
 
28C THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 the ears, it helps deafness; if stopping be j pound, Peony flowers four ounces: steep 
 
 the cause of it, the dcse to be given in- i them together fourteen days, then distil 
 
 wurdly is between one drain, and half a; them in JSalneo Marice till they be dry: in 
 
 dram, according to the strength and age of i the distilled liquor infuse again male Peony 
 
 the patient. j roots gathered in due time, two ounces and 
 
 Aqua Petasitidis composita. !a half, white Dittany, long Birth wort, o 
 
 Or, compound water of Butter-bur. leach half an ounce, the leaves of Misselto 
 
 The College^] Take of the fresh roots of the Oak, and Rue, of each two handfuls, 
 of Butter-bur bruised, one pound and a | Peony seeds husked, ten drams, Rue seeds 
 half, the roots of Angelica and Masterwort, | three drams and a half, Castoreum two 
 of each half a pound, steep them in ten j scruples, Cubebs, Mace, of each two 
 pints of strong Ale, then distil them till i drachms, Cinnamon an ounce and a half, 
 the change of the taste gives a testimony | Squills prepared, three drachms, Rosemary 
 that the strength is drawn out. i flowers six pugils, Arabian Staechas, Laven- 
 
 Culpeper.~] This water is very effectual j der, of each four pugils, the flowers of 
 being mixed with other convenient cor- \ Betony, Clove-gilli-flowers, and Cowslips, 
 dials, for such as have pestilential fevers : ! of each eight pugils, then adding four 
 also a spoonful taken in the morning, may \ pound of the juice of black Cherries, dis- 
 prove a good preservative in pestilential j til it in a glass till it be dry. 
 times : it helps the fits of the mother, and | Aqua Bezoartica. 
 
 such as are short winded, and being taken i Or Bezoar Water. 
 
 inwardly, dries up the moisture of such 
 sores as are hard to be cured. 
 
 College^] Take of the leaves of Celan- 
 dine, roots and all, three handfuls and a 
 
 Aqua Raphani Composita. half, Rue two handfuls, Scordium four 
 
 Or Compound water of Radishes. 'handfuls, Dittany of Crete, Carduus, of 
 The College."] Take of the leaves of both : each one handful and a half, Zedoary and 
 sorts of Scurvy-grass, of each six pound, j Angelica roots, of each three drains, Citrons 
 having bruised them, press the juice out oHand Lemon pills, of each six drams, Clove- 
 them, with which mix of the juice of brook- 1 gillitto wers one ounce and a half, Red 
 lime, and Water-cresses, of each one pound j Rose, Centaury the less, of each two drams, 
 and a half, of the best white wine, eight: Cinnamon, Cloves, of each three drams, 
 pounds, twelve whole Lemons, pills and all, j Venice Treacle three ounces, Mithridates 
 fresl iBriony roots four pound,the roots of wild | one ounce and a half, Camphire two 
 Radishes two pound, Captain Winter's Cin- scruples, Troches of Vipers two ounces, 
 namon half a pound, Nutmegs four ounces, 1 Mace two drams, Wooa of Aloes half an 
 steep them altogether, and then distil them \ ounce, Yellow Sanders one dram and a 
 CnlpeperJ] 1 fancy it not, and so I leave j half, Carduus seeds one ounce, Citron seeds 
 it; I suppose they intended it for purga-jsix drams, let them be cut and infused in 
 tion of women in child-bed. j spirits of Wine, and Malaga Wine, of each 
 
 Aqua PeonifB Composita. I three pound and a half, Vinegar of Clove- 
 
 Or Compound water of Peony. ; gilliflowers, Juice of Lemons, of each one 
 
 The College.'] Take of the flowers of 
 Lilies of the Valley, one pound : infuse 
 
 pqund, and distilled in a glass still in Balnto 
 Mar'ue, after it is half distilled off, tin- 
 
 them in four gallons of Spanish wine so long residue may be strained through a linen 
 
 till the following flowers may be had fresh, j (-loath, and be reduced to the thickness or 
 
 Take of the fore-named flowers half a i Honey, and called the Bezoartic extract. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 287 
 
 Cuipeper.] Extracts have the same vir- j one pound and a half, the leaves and 
 tues with the waters they are made from, j flowers of Centaury the less, of each four 
 only the different form is to please the jounces, steep them eight days in twelve 
 palates of such whose fancy loathes any one ; pounds of white Wine, then distil them in 
 
 particular form. 
 
 an alembick. 
 
 This Bezoar water strengthens the heart, jj Culpeper.~] It conduces to preservation 
 arteries, and vital spirits: It provokes sweat, * from ill air, and pestilential fevers : it opens 
 and is exceeding good in pestilential fevers, ; obstructions of the liver, and helps such as 
 in health it withstands melancholy and : they say are liver-grown ; it eases pains in 
 consumptions, and makes a merry, blithe, ; the stomach, helps digestion, and eases such 
 c hear ful creature. Of the extract you may las have pains in their bones by ill lodging 
 take ten grains at a time, or somewhat j abroad in the cold, it provokes appetite, 
 more, if your body be not feverish, half land is exceeding good for the yellow jaun- 
 a spoonful of water is sufficient at a time, j dice, as also for prickings or stitches in the 
 and that mixed with other cordials or medi- > sides : it provokes the menses, and expels 
 
 cines appropriated to the disease that trou- 
 bles you. 
 
 both birth and placenta : it is naught for 
 pregnant women. If there be no fever, you 
 
 Aqua et Spmtus Lambricomm, magistralis. < may lake a spoonful by itself; if there be, 
 Or Water and Spirit of Earthworms. | you may, if you please, mix it with some 
 College.] Take of Eaith worms well i cooler medicine appropriated to the, same 
 cleansed, three pound, Snails, with shells \ use you would give it for. 
 on their backs cleansed, two gallons, beat ; Aqua Gilbert ii. 
 
 them in a mortar, and put them into a con- ; 
 venient vessel, adding stinging Nettles, i 
 
 roots and all, six handfuls, wild Angelica, 
 
 Or Gilbert's Water. 
 
 College.'] Take of Scabious, Burnet, 
 Dragons, Bawm, Angelica, Pimpernel, 
 '" flowers, Tormentil, roots and 
 
 four handfuls, brank Ursine, seven hand- \ with purple 
 
 fuls, Agrimony, Bettony, of each three! all, of each two handfuls, let all of them, 
 handfuls, Rue one handful, common Worm- i being rightly gathered and prepared, be 
 wood two handfuls, Rosemary flowers six i steeped in four gallons of Canary Wine, 
 ounces, Dock roots ten ounces, the roots of j still off three gallons in an alembick, to 
 Sorrel five ounces, Tunnerick, the inner | which add three ounces of each of the 
 bark of Barberries, of each four ounces, i cordial flowers, Clove-gilliflowers six 
 Fenugreek seeds two ounces, Cloves three I ounces, Saffron half an ounce, Turmerick 
 ounces, Hart's-horn, Ivory in gross pow-jtwo ounces, Galanga, Bazil seeds, of each 
 der, of each four ounces, Saffron three lone dram, Citron pills one ounce, the seed 
 drams, small spirits of Wine four gallons! of Citrons and Carduus, Cloves of each 
 and a half, after twenty-four hours infusion, five ounces, Hart's-horn four ounces, steep 
 distil them in an alembick. Let the four 'them twenty four hours and then distil 
 first pounds be reserved for spirit, the rest j them in Balneo Maria: to the distilled water 
 for water. ]add Pearls prepared, an ounce and a half, 
 
 Culpeper.~] Tis a mess altogether, it I red Coral, Crabs eyes, white Amber, of each 
 
 may be they intended it for an universal j two drams, Crabs claws, six drams, Bezoar, 
 
 medicine. j Ambergrease, of each two scruples, steep 
 
 Aqua Gentiante composites. \ them six weeks in the ran, in a vessel well 
 
 Or Gentian Water compound. j stopped, often shaking it, then filter it, (you 
 
 College.] Take of Gentain roots sliced, 'may keep the powders for Spicord. temp.) 
 
 4 E 
 
288 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 by mixing twelve ounces of Sugar candy, Heaves of Scordium four handfuls, old 
 with six ounces of red Rose-water, and four} Venice Treacle, Mithridates, of each eight 
 ounces of spirit of Cinnamon with it. ! ounces, Canary Wine twelve pounds, 
 
 Culpeper.] I suppose this was invented i Vinegar six pounds, juice of Lemons two 
 for a cordial to strengthen the heart, to I pounds, digest them two days, either in 
 relieve languishing nature. It is exceed- j Horse-dung, or in a bath, the vessel being 
 ing dear. I forbear the dose, they that | close shut, then distil them in sand ; in the 
 have money enough to make it themselves, j distillation you may make a Theriacal ex- 
 canuot want time to study both the virtues \ traction. 
 
 and dose : I would have gentlemen to be ! CulpeperJ] This water is exceeding good 
 
 studious. ! in all fevers, especially pestilential; it 
 
 Aqua cor dialis frigid a Saxeniee \ expels venomous humours by sweat ; it 
 
 College^] Take of the juice of Borrage, ! strengthens the heart and vitals ; it is an 
 Bugloss, Bawm, Bistort, Tormentil, Scor- j admirable counter-poison, special good for 
 dium, Vervain, sharp-pointed Dock, Sorrel, j such as have the plague, or are poisoned, or 
 Goat's Rue, Mirrhis, Blue Bottle great and ; bitten by venomous beasts, and expels 
 small, Roses, Marigolds, Lemon, Citrons, j virulent humours from such as have the 
 of each three ounces, white Wine Vinegar \ venereal disease. If you desire to know 
 one pound, Purslain seeds two ounces, Imore virtues of it, see the virtues of Venice 
 Citron and Carduus seeds, of each half an | Treacle. The dose is from a spoonful to 
 ounce, Water Lily flowers two ounces, j an ounce. 
 
 the flowers of Borrage, Bugloss, Violets, j Aqua Brionite composita. 
 
 Clove-gilliflowers, of each one ounce, | Or Briony Water compound. 
 
 Diatriou Sentalon six drams: let all of* College.] Take of the juice of Briony 
 them, being rightly prepared, be infused j roots, four pounds, the leaves of Rue and 
 three days, then distilled in a glass still : j Mugwort, of each two pounds, dry ed Savin 
 to the distilled Liquor add earth of Lemnos, i three handfuls, Featherfew, Nep, Penny- 
 Siletia, and Samos, of each one ounce and : royal, of each two handfuls, Bazil, Dittany, 
 an half, Pearls prepared with the juice of! of Crete, of each one handful and a half, 
 Citrons, three drams, mix them, and keep $ Orange pills four ounces, Myrrh two 
 them together. | ounces, Castoreum one ounce, Canary Wine 
 
 Culpcper.~] It mightily cools the blood, j twelve pounds, digest them four days in a 
 
 and therefore profitable in fevers, and all j convenient vessel, then still them in Balnto 
 
 diseases proceeding of heat of blood; \\\ Maria: About the middle of the distilla- 
 
 provokes sleep. You may take half an j tion strain it out, and make an Hysterical 
 
 ounce at a time, or two drams if the party j extraction of the residue. 
 
 be weak. Culpeper.'] A spoonful of it taken, 
 
 Aqua Theriacalis. j eases the fits of the mother in women that 
 
 Or Treacle Water. rhave them; it potently expels the after- 
 
 College.] Take of the juice of green | birth, and clears the body of what a mid- 
 Walnuts, four pounds, the juice of Rue i wife by heedlessness or accident hath left 
 three pounds, juice of Carduus, Marigolds, ! behind ; it cleanses the womb exceedingly, 
 and Bawm, of each two pounds, green ; and for that I fancy it much, take not above 
 Petasitis roots one pound and a half, the i a tasterful at a time, and then in the mor- 
 roots of Burs one pound, Angelica and j ning fasting, for it is of a purging quality, 
 Master-wort, of each half a pound, the | and let pregnant women forbear it. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 289 
 
 Aqua Imperialis. \ Carduus water, in a glass, close stopped, 
 
 Or Imperial Water. 5 and set it in the sun of bath for a fortnight, 
 
 The College.'] Take of dried Citron, and j often shaking it, then distil it in Balnea Maries. 
 Orange pills, Nutmegs, Cloves, Cinnamon, | Let the two first pounds be kept by them- 
 of each two ounces, the roots of Cypress, j selves for use, and the remainder of the dis- 
 Orris, Florentine, Calamus Aromaticus, 5 tillation by itself : Lastly, mix one ounce 
 of each one ounce, Zedoary Galanga, j of Julep of Alexandria, and a spoonful of 
 Ginger, of each half an ounce, the tops of j Cinnamon water with each pound. 
 Lavender and Rosemary, of each two j CulpcperJ] _Aqua Protheriacalis, signifies 
 
 a water for Treacle, so then if you put 
 Diascoridum to it, it is a water for Diasco- 
 ridum ; well then, we will take it for a 
 
 handfuls, the leaves of Bay, Marjoram, 
 Bawm, Mints, Sage, Thyme, of each one 
 handful, the flowers of white and Damask 
 
 Roses fresh, of each half a handful, Rose- ] general water for all physick. 
 water four pounds, white Wine eight pounds, Aqua Caponis. 
 
 let all of them be bruised and infused 
 twenty four hours, then distil them accord- 
 ing to art 
 
 Culpeper.~] You must distil it in a bath, 
 and not in sand : It comforts and strengthens 
 the heart against faintings and swoonings, 
 and is held to be a preservative against 
 consumptions and apoplexies. You may 
 take half a spoonful at a time. 
 Aqua Mirabilis. 
 
 College."] Take of Cloves, Galanga, 
 Cubebs, Mace, Cardamoms, Nutmegs, 
 
 Or Capon Water. 
 
 College^] Take a Capon the guts being 
 pulled out, cut in pieces, the fat being 
 
 taken away, boiled in a sufficient quantity 
 of spring- water in a close vessel, take of 
 this broth three pounds. Borrage and 
 Violet-water, of each a pound and a half, 
 white Wine one pound, red rose leaves two 
 drams and an half, the flowers of Borrage, 
 Violets and Bugloss, of each one dram, 
 pieces of bread, hot out of the oven, half 
 a pound, Cinnamon bruised, half an ounce, 
 
 Ginger, of each one dram, Juice of Celan- 1 distil it in a glass still according to art. 
 dine half a pound, spirits of Wine one { Culpeper.~\ .The simples are most of 
 pound, white Wine three pounds, infuse I them appropriated to the heart, and in 
 them twenty-four hours, and draw off two truth the composition greatly nourishes and 
 pounds with an alembick. | strengthens such as are in consumptions, 
 
 Culpeper.~] The simples also of this, \ and restores lost strength, either by fevers 
 regard the stomach, and therefore the water \ or other sickness : It is a sovereign remedy 
 heats cold stomachs, besides authors say it j for hectic fevers, and Marasmos, which 
 preserves from apoplexies, and restores | is nothing else but a consumption coming 
 lost speech. j from them. Let such as are subject to 
 
 Aqua Protheriacalis. \ these diseases, hold it for a jewel. 
 
 College.'] Take of Scordium, Scabius, j Aqua Limacum Magistr. 
 
 Carduus, Goat's Rue, of each two handfuls, j Or Water of Snails. 
 
 Citron and Orange pills, of each two ounces, ; College^] Take of the juice of Ground 
 the seeds of Citrons, Carduus, Hartwort, ; Ivy, Colt's-foot, Scabious, Lungwort, ot 
 Treacle, Mustard, of each one ounce, the J each one pound and a half, the juice of 
 flowers of Marigolds and Rosemary, of j Purslain, Plantain, Ambrosia, Paul's Bet- 
 each one handful, cut them, and bruise ; tony, of each a pound, Hog's blood, white 
 them grossly, then infuse them in four \ Wine, of each four pounds, Garden Snails, 
 pounds of white Wine, and two pounds of.i two pound, dried Tobacco leaves eight, 
 
290 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 powder of Liquorice two ounoes, of Ele-j College.'] Take of green Walnuts a 
 campane half an ounce, of Orris an ounce, ; pound and an half, Radish roots one 
 Cotton seeds an ounce and a half, the \ pouxcl, green Asarabacca six ounces, Radish 
 greater cold seeds, Annis seeds of each six \ seeds, six ounces. Let. all of them, beini: 
 drams, Saffron one dram, the flowers of \ bruised, be steeped in three pounds of white 
 red Roses, six pugils, of Violets and Bor-jWine for three days, then distilled in :i 
 rage, of each four pugils, steep them three i leaden still till they be dry. 
 days warm, and then distil them in a glass; ^__^ 
 
 still, in sand. 
 
 Culpcper.~] It purges the lungs of flegm \ TINCTURES. 
 
 and helps consumptions there. If youj 
 
 should happen to live where no better nor| Tmctura Croci. 
 
 readier medicine can be gotten, you may Qr Tincture of Saffron. 
 
 use this. 
 
 Aqua Sconlii com posit a. 
 
 Or Compound Water of Scordium. 
 
 College.~\ Take two drams of Saffron, 
 eight ounces of Treacle water, digest them 
 i six days, then strain it. 
 
 College.'] Take of the juice of Goat's; Culpeper.l See the virtues of Treaclo 
 Rue, Sorrel, Scordium, Citrons, of each one j water> an d'then know that this strengthens 
 pound, London Treacle, half a pqand, t j ie h eart something more, and keeps 
 steep it three days, and distil it in sand. : melancholy vapours thence by drinking a 
 
 Culpeper.] A tasterful taken in the j spoon f u i o f j t every morning, 
 morning, preserves from ill airs. Tmctura Custom. 
 
 Aqua Maria. 
 College^] Take of Sugar Candy a pound, 
 Canary Wine six ounces, Rose Water four 
 
 ounces ; boil it well into a Syrup, and add 
 to it Imperial water two pounds, Amber- \ 
 
 Or Tincture of Castoreum. 
 College.'] Take of Castoreum in powder 
 half an ounce, spirit of Castoreum half a 
 I pound, digest them ten days cold, strain it. 
 
 reese, ki of each ten grain,, , 
 
 "* r e prev r ent than the 
 
 a clear water of it. Tmctura Fragroram. 
 
 Aqua Papaveries composita. Or Tincture of Strawberries. 
 
 Or Poppy Water compound. j College.'] Take of ripe Wood-stpw- 
 
 College.] TakeofredPoppiesfour pounds,; berries two pounds, put them in a phia 
 sprinkle them with white Wine two pounds, j and put so much small spirits of Wine 
 then distil them in a common still, let the ! them, that it may overtop them the t 
 distilled water be poured upon fresh flowers } ness of four fingers, stop the vessel close, 
 and repeated three times; to which dis- and set it in the sun two days, then strain 
 tilled water add two Nutmegs sliced, red j it, and press it but gently ; pour this spii 
 Poppy flowers a pugil, Sugar two ounces, } to as many fresh Strawberries, repeat 
 set it in the sun to give it a pleasing sharp- j six times, at last keep the dear hquoi 
 ness ; if the sharpness be more than you \ your use. 
 
 would have it, put some of the same water! Culpeper.'] A fine thing for Gon 
 to it which was not set in the sun. : that have nothing else to do with thci 
 
 Aqua Juglandium composita. '.money, and it will have a lovely look to 
 
 Or Walnut Water compound. f please their eyes. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 291 
 
 Tinctura Scordii. Aqua Aluminosa Magistralis, 
 
 Or Tincture of Scordium. j College.] Take of Plantain and red 
 
 College.'] Take of the leaves of Scor- ' Rose water, of each a pound, roch Alum 
 diuln gathered in a dry time, half a pound, and Sublimatum, of each two drams ; let 
 digest them in six pounds of small spirits of? the Alum and Sublimatum, being in pow- 
 Wine, in a vessel well slopped, for three jder, boil in the waters, in a vessel with a 
 days, press them out gently, and repeat the \ narrow mouth till half be consumed, when 
 infusion three times, and keep the clarified >it has stood five days, strain it. 
 liquor for use. 
 
 So is made Tincture of Celandine, Rest- 1 
 harrow, and Rosa-solis. PTTVSTr4T wrWFS 
 
 n i 1 o jU U i_ . j.u J:.ri x GH-'-flJ-i VV J_l> XL/O. 
 
 Culpeper.] See the herbs tor the vir-j 
 
 tues, and then take notice that these are j Vinum Absynthitis. 
 
 better for cold stomachs, old bodies. Or Wormwood Wine. 
 
 Tinctura Theriacalis vulgo Aqua Theriacalis \ College.'] Take a handful of dried 
 Ludg. per iiif'us. \ Wormwood, for every gallon of Wine, stop 
 
 Or Tincture of Treacle. j it in a vessel close, and so let it remain in 
 
 College.'] Take of Canary Wine often j steep: so is prepared wine of Rosemary 
 times distilled, Vinegar in which half an \ flowers, and Eye-bright, 
 ounce of Rue seeds have been boiled, two I Culpeper.~\ It helps cold stomachs, 
 pounds choice treacle, the best Mithridate, j breaks wind, helps the wind eholic, 
 of each half a pound ; mix them and set J strengthens the stomach, kills worms, and 
 them in the sun, or heat of a bath, digest 5 helps the green sickness, 
 them, and keep the water for use. * Rosemary-flower Wine, is made after the 
 
 Tinctura Cinnamoni, vulgo, Aqua Clareta, $same manner. It is good against all col<3 
 Cinnam. j; diseases of the head, consumes flegm, 
 
 Or Tincture of Cinnamon. \ strengthens the gums and teeth. 
 
 Codege.~\ Take of bruised Cinnamon i Eye-bright Wine is made after the same 
 two ounces, rectified spirits of Wine two {manner. It wonderfully clears the sight 
 pounds, infuse them four days in a large? being drank, and revives the sight of elderly 
 glass stopped with cork and bladder, shake j men : A cup of it in the morning is worth 
 it twice a day, then dissolve half a pound j a pair of spectacles. 
 
 of Sugar Candy by itself in two pounds of! All other Wines are prepared in the same 
 Rose water, mix both liquors, into which j manner. 
 
 hang a nodule containing, Ambergris half | The best way of taking any of these 
 
 a scruple, Musk four grains. t Wines is, to drink a draught of them every 
 
 Tinctura Viridis. \ morning. You may, if you find your body 
 
 Or a green Tincture. { old or cold, make Wine of any other herb, 
 
 College.'] Take of Verdigris, half an j the virtues of which you desire ; and make 
 ounce, Auripigmentum six drams, Alum jit and take it in the same manner, 
 three drams, boil them in a pound of white \ Vinum Cerassorum Nigrorum. 
 
 Wine till half be consumed, adding, after it j Or Wine of Black Cherries. 
 
 is cold, the water of red Roses, and Night-: College.'] Take a gallon of Black Cherries, 
 shade, of each six ounces. ; keep it in a vessel close stopped till i 
 
 Culpeper.'] This was made to cleanse 'i begin to work, then filter it, and an ounce 
 ulcers, but I fancy it not. [of Sugar being added to every pound, Ic, 
 
 4 F 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 t pass through Hippocrates' sleeve, and 
 <eep iu a vessel close stopped for use. 
 
 Vin urn Helleboratitm . 
 Or Helleborated Wine. 
 College.] Take of white Hellebore cut? 
 iinall, four ounces, Spanish Wine two I 
 
 pounds, steep it in the sun in a phial close I PHYSICAL VINEGARS 
 
 stopped, in the dog days, or other hot* 
 
 and when it hath stood so four days, take 
 out the Squill. 
 
 The virtues of this are the same with 
 Vinegar of Squills, only it is hotter. 
 
 weather. 
 
 Vimim Riwellum. 
 
 Acetitm distillatum. 
 Or distilled Vinegar. 
 
 College.] Take of Stibium, in powder, \ College.'] Fill a glass or stone alembiek 
 
 one ounce, Cloves sliced two drams, Claret t with the best Vinegar to the third part, 
 
 Wine two pounds, keep it in a phial close ; separate the flegm with a gentle fire, then 
 
 shut. jencrease the fire by degrees, and perform 
 
 Vimim Benedictuin. the work. 
 
 College] Take of Crocus Metallorum, { Acetum Rosarum. 
 
 in powder, one ounce, Mace one dram, \ Or Rose Vinegar. 
 
 Spanish Wine one pound and an half, steep j College.] Takeof red Rose buds, gathered 
 it. i in a dry time, the whites cut off, dried in 
 
 Vinum Antimoniale. \ the shade three or four days, one pound, 
 
 Or Antimonial Wine. ; Vinegar eight sextaries, set them in the sun 
 
 College] -Take of Regulus of Antimony, j forty days, then strain out the Roses, and 
 in powder, four ounces, steep it in three j repeat the infusion with fresh ones, 
 poundsof white Wine in a glass well stopped, ! After the same manner is made Vinegar 
 after the first shaking let the Regulus settle, j of Elder flowers, Rosemary flowers, and 
 
 Culpeper] These last mentioned are j Clove-gilliflowers. 
 
 vomits, and vomits are fitting medicines for : Culpeper] For the virtues of all Vine- 
 but a few, the mouth being ordained to : gars, take this one only observation, They 
 take in nourishment, not to cast out ex- carry the same virtues with the flowers 
 crements, and to regulate a man's body in J whereof they are made, only as we said of 
 vomiting ; and doses of vomits require a ! Wines, that they were better for cold bodies 
 deeper study in physic, than I doubt the ; then the bare simples whereof they are 
 generality of people yet have ; I omit it { made ; so are Vinegars for hot bodies, 
 therefore at this time, not because I grudge ; Besides, Vinegars are often, nay, most corn- 
 it my country, but because I would not ; monly used externally, viz. to bathe the 
 willingly have them do themselves a mis- : place, then look amongst the simples, and 
 chief, I shall shortly teach them in what J see what place of the body the simple is 
 diseases vomits may be used, and then, and ; appropriated to, and you cannot but know 
 not till then, the use of vomits. \ both what Vinegar to use, and to what place 
 
 Vimim Scillilicum. \ to apply it. 
 
 Or Wine of Squills. Acetum Scilliticum. 
 
 College] Take of a white Squill of the! Or Vinegar of Squils. 
 
 mountains, gathered about the rising of the j College] Take of that part of ihe Squill 
 dog star, cut it in thin pieces, and dried for j which is between the outward bark and the 
 a month, one pound, put it in a glass bottle, j bottom, cut in thin slices, and placed thirty 
 ap I pour to it eight pounds of French Wine, | or forty days in the sun or some remiss 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 heat, then a pound of them (being cut 
 small with a knife made of ivory or some 
 white wood) being put in a vessel, and six 
 pounds of Vinegar put to them ; set the ves- 
 sel, being close stopped, in the sun thirty or 
 forty days, afterwards strain it, and keep it 
 for use. 
 
 CulpeperJ] A little of this medicine 
 being taken in the morning fasting, and 
 walking half an hour after, preserves the 
 body in health, to extreme old age, (as 
 Saniits tried, who using no other medicine 
 but this, lived in perfect health till one 
 hundred and seventeen years of age) it 
 makes the digestion good, a long wind, 
 a clear voice, an acute sight, a good colour, 
 it suffers no offensive thing to remain in the 
 body, neither wind, flegm, choler, melan- 
 choly, dung, nor urine, but brings them 
 forth ; it brings forth filth though it lie in 
 the bones, it takes away salt and sour 
 belchings, though a man be never so licen- 
 tious in diet, he shall feel no harm: It hath 
 cured such as have the phthisic, that have 
 been given over by all Physicians : It cures 
 such as have the falling sickness, gouts, and 
 diseases and swellings of the joints: It takes 
 away the hardness of the liver and spleen. 
 We should never have done if we should 
 reckon up the particular benefits of this 
 medicine : Therefore we commend it as a 
 wholesome medicine for soundness of 
 body, preservation of health, and vigour of 
 mind. Thus Galen. 
 
 Acetum Theriacale, Norimberg. 
 Or Treacle Vinegar. 
 
 College.'] Take of the roots of Celandine 
 the greater, one ounce and a half: the roots 
 of Angelica, Masterwort, Gentian, Bistort, 
 Valerian, Burnet, white Dittany, Elecam- 
 pane, Zedoary, of each one dram, of Plan- 
 tain the greater one dram and a half, the 
 leaves of Mousear, Sage, Scabious, Scor- 
 dium, Dittany of Crete, Carduus, of each 
 half an handful, barks and seeds of Citrons, 
 of each half a dram, Bole Amoniac one 
 
 dram, Saffron three drams, of these let the 
 Saffron, Hart's-horn, Dittany, and Bo!e, 
 be tied up in a rag, and steeped with the 
 things before mentioned, in five pints of 
 Vinegar, for certain days by a temperate 
 heat in a glass well stopped, strain it, and 
 add six drams of the best Treacle to it, 
 shake it together, and keep it for your use. 
 
 Acttum Theriacale. 
 Or Treacle Vinegar. 
 
 College.'] Add to the description of 
 Treacle water, Clove-gillifiowers two ounces, 
 Lavender flowers an ounce and a half, 
 Rose, and Elder flower Vinegar, of each 
 four pounds, digest it without boiling, three 
 days, then strain it through Hippocrates' 
 sleeve. 
 
 Culpeper.~] See Treacle Water for the 
 virtues, only this is more cool, a little more 
 fantastical. 
 
 DECOCTIONS, 
 i 
 
 Dccoctum commune pro clystere. 
 
 Or a common Decoction for a Clyster. 
 
 College.'] Take of Mallows, Violets, 
 Pellitory, Beets, and Mercury, Chamomel 
 flowers, of each one handful, sweet Fennel 
 seeds half an ounce, Linseeds two drams, 
 boil them in a sufficient quantity of com- 
 mon water to a pound. 
 
 CulpeperJ] This is the common decoc- 
 tion for all clysters, according to the qua- 
 lity of the humour abounding, so you may 
 add what Simples, or Syrups, or Electuaries 
 you please; only half a score Linseeds, 
 and a handful of Chamomel fiWers are 
 added. 
 
 Decoctnm Epythimi. 
 Or a Decoction of Epithimum. 
 
 College^] Take of Myrobalans, Chebs, 
 and Inds, of each half an ounce, Stcechas, 
 Raisins of the sun stoned, Epithimum, 
 Senna, of each one ounce, Fumitory half 
 an ounce, Maudlin five drams, Polipodiu 
 
294 THF. COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 six drains, Turbith half an ounce, Whey | Decoctum Tnimaticum. 
 
 made with Goat's milk, or Heifer's milk four? College.'] Take of Agrimony, Mugwort 
 pounds, let them all boil to two pounds, j wild Angelica, St. John's Wort, Mousear, 
 the Epithimum excepted, which boil bull of each two handfuls, Wormwood half a 
 u second or two, then take it from the fire, ] handful, Southernwood, Bettony, Bugloss, 
 and add black Hellebore one dram andComfrey the greater and lesser, roots and 
 an half, Agerick half a dram, Sal. Gern. ; all, Avens, both sorts of Plantain, Sanicle, 
 one dram and an half, steep them ten hours, j Tormentil with the roots, the buds of Bar- 
 then press it strongly out. j berries and Oak, of each a handful, all 
 
 Culpeper.~] It purges melancholy, as \ these being gathered in May and June 
 
 also choler, it resists madness, and all | and diligently dried, let them be cut and 
 
 diseases coming of melancholy, and there- \ put up in skins or papers against the time 
 
 fore let melancholy people esteem it as a 5 of use, then take of the forenamed herbs 
 
 jewel. | three handfuls, boil them in four pounds of 
 
 Decoctum Senna Gereonis. \ conduit water and two pounds of white 
 
 Or a Decoction of Senna. i Wine gently till half be consumed^ strain it, 
 
 College.'] Take of Senna two ounces, i and a pound of Honey being added to it, 
 Pollipodium half an ounce, Ganger one let it be scummed and kept for use. 
 dram, Raisins of the sun stoned twoj Culpeper."] If sight of a medicine will 
 ounces, Sebestens, Prunes, of each twelve, j do you good, this is as like to do it as any 
 the flowers of Borrage, Violets, Roses, and \ I know. 
 Rosemary, of each two drams, boil them in \ 
 four pounds of water till half be consumed, j 
 
 Culpeper.] It is a common Decoction i 
 for any purge, by adding other simples or ; 
 compounds to it, according to the quality ; 
 of the humour you would have purged, | 
 yet, in itself, it chiefly purges melancholy. I ALTERING SYRUPS 
 
 Decoctum Pectorale. 
 Or a Pectoral Decoction. j Culpeper.'} READER, before we begin 
 
 College^] Take of Raisins of the sun ' with the particular Syrups, I think good to 
 stoned, an ounce, Sebestens, Jujubes, of: advertise thee of these few things, which 
 each fifteen, Dates six, Figs four, Frencli I concern thenature,making,anduseofSyrups 
 Barley one ounce, Liquorice half an ounce, : in general. 1. A Syrup is a medicine of 
 Maiden-hair, Hyssop, Scabious, Colt's-foot, j a liquid body, compounded of Decoction, 
 of each one handful, boil them in three ; Infusion, or Juice, with Sugar or Honey, 
 pounds of water till two remain. ; and brought by the heat of the fire, into 
 
 Culpeper.] The medicine is chiefly ap- j the thickness of Honey. 2. Because all 
 propriated to the lungs, and therefore Honey is not of a thickness, understand 
 causes a clear voice, a long wind, resists j new Honey, which of all other is thinnest, 
 coughs, hoarseness, asthmas, &c. You \ 3. The reason why Decoctions, Infusions, 
 may drink a quarter of a pint of it every : Juices, are thus used, is, Because thereby, 
 morning, without keeping to any diet, for! First, They will keep the longer. Secondly, 
 it purges not. I They will taste the better. 4 In boilin 
 
 I shall quote some Syrups fitting to be i Syrups have a great care of their just COD 
 mixed with it, when I come to the Syrups. Uistence, for if you boil them too much 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 295 
 
 they will candy, if too little, they will sour, * Syrupus de Acetosus simplex. 
 
 5. All simple Syrups have the virtues of j Or Syrup of Vinegar simple, 
 
 the simples they are made of, and are far ; College.'] Take of clear Water four 
 more convenient for weak people, and \ pounds, white Sugar five pounds, boil them 
 delicate stomachs. \ in a glazed vessel over a gentle fire, scum- 
 
 Syrupus de Absinthw simplex. \ ming it till half the water be consumed, then 
 
 Or Syrup of Wormwood simple. | by putting in two pounds of white Wine 
 
 The College.] Take of the clarified Juice j Vinegar by degrees, perfect the Syrup, 
 of common Wormwood, clarified Sugar, of| Culpeper.] That is, only melt the Sugar 
 each four pounds, make it into a Syrup ac-t with the Vinegar over the fire, scum it, but 
 cording to art. After the same manner, j boil it not. 
 
 are prepared simple Syrups of Betony, j Syrupus Acetosus simplicior. 
 
 Borrage, Bugloss, Carduus, Chamomel, > Or Syrup of Vinegar more simple. 
 Succory, Endive, Hedge-mustard, Straw- i College.] Take of white Sugar five 
 berries, Fumitory, Ground Ivy, St. John's I pounds, white Wine Vinegar two pounds, 
 Wort, Hops, Mercury, Mousear, Plantain, ; by melting it in a bath, make it into a 
 Apples, Purslain, Rasberries, Sage, Scabi- \ Syrup. 
 
 ous, Scordium, Houseleek, Colt's-foot, j Culpeper.] Of these two Syrups let every 
 Paul's Bettony, and other Juices not sour. | one use which he finds by experience to be 
 
 Culpeper] See the simples, and then \ best; the difference is but little. They 
 vou may easily know both their virtues, and j both of them cut flegm, as also tough, 
 also that they are pleasanter and fitter for hard viscous humours in the stomach; they 
 delicate stomachs when they are made into I cool the body, quench thirst, provoke urine. 
 Syrups. j and prepare the stomach before the taking 
 
 Syrupus de Absinthio Compositus. \ of a vomit. If you take it as a preparative 
 
 Or Syrup of Wormwood compound. j for an emetic, take half an ounce of it when 
 
 College .] Take of common Wormwood j you go to bed the night before you intend 
 meanly dry, half a pound, red Roses two \ it to operate, it will work the easier, but if for 
 ounces, Indian Spikenard three drams, ! any of the foregoing occasions, take it with 
 old white Wine, juice of Quinces, of each! a liquorice stick. 
 two pounds and an half, steep them a whole j Si/rupus Acetosus compositus. 
 
 day in an earthen vessel, then boil them | Or Syrup of Vinegar compound, 
 gently, and strain it, and by adding two \ College] Take of the roots of Smallage, 
 pounds of sugar, boil it into a Syrup accord- ! Fennel, Endive, of each three ounces, the 
 ing to art. j seeds of Annis, Smallage, Fennel, of each 
 
 Culpeper.'] Mesue is followed verbatim { one ounce, of Endive half an ounce, clear 
 in this; and the receipt is appropriated to; Watersix pounds, boil it gently in an earthen 
 cold and flegmatic stomachs, and it is an 1 vessel till half the water be consumed, then 
 admirable remedy for it, for it strengthens I strain and clarify it, and with three pounds 
 both stomach and liver, as also the instru- 1 of Sugar, and a pound and a half of white 
 ments of concoction, a spoonful taken in j Wine Vinegar, boil it into a Syrup, 
 the morning, is admirable for such as have | Culpeper.] This in my opinion is a 
 a weak digestion, it provokes an appetite to gallant Syrup for such whose bodies are 
 one's victuals, it prevails against the yellow j stuffed cither with flegm, or tough humours, 
 iaundice, breaks wind, purges humours by \ for it opens obstructions or stoppings botn 
 urine. ' of the stomach, liver, spleen, and reins ; 
 
 4 c 
 
296 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 it cuts and brings away tough flegm and j four hours in three ounces of white Wine, 
 
 choler, and is therefore a special remedy j Radish and Fumitory water, of each two 
 
 for such as have a stuffing at their stomach. ! pounds, then boil it away to one pound 
 
 Syrupus de Agno Casio. \ eight ounces, let it settle, in four ounces of 
 
 Or Syrup of Agnus Castus. | which, whilst it is warm, dissolve by itself 
 
 College.] Take of the seeds of Rue and | Gum Ammoniacum, first dissolved in while 
 Hemp, of each half a dram, of Endive, j Wine Vinegar, two ounces, boil the. rest 
 Lettice, Purslain, Gourds, Melons, of each t with a pound and an half of white sugar 
 two drams, of Fleawort half an ounce, of j into a Syrup, adding the mixtures of the 
 Agnus Castus four ounces, the flowers of j Gum at the end. 
 
 Water Lilies, the leaves of Mints, of each: Cvlpeper] It cools the liver, and opens 
 half a handful, decoction of seeds of Lentils, ; obstructions both of it and the spleen, helps 
 and Coriander seeds, of each half an ounce, i old surfeits, and such like diseases, as scabs, 
 three pounds of the decoction, boil them ; itch, leprosy, and what else proceed from 
 all over a gentle fire till two pounds be con- Uhe liver over heated. You may take an 
 sumed, add to the residue, being strained J ounce at a time, 
 two ounces of juice of Lemons, a pound 5 Syrupus de Artemisia. 
 
 and a half of white sugar, make it into ai. Or Syrup of Mugwort. 
 
 Syrup according to art. 5 College.] Take of Mugwort two hand- 
 
 Culpeper] A pretty Syrup, and good for j fuls, Pennyroyal, Calaminth, Origanum, 
 
 little. j Bawm, Arsmart, Dittany of Crete, Savin, 
 
 Syrupus de Althcea. \ Marjoram, Germander, St. John's Wort, 
 
 Or Syrup of Marsh-mallows. \ Camepitis, Featherfew with the flowers, 
 
 College.] Take of roots of Marsh-mal- 1 Centaury the less, Rue, Bettony, Bugloss, 
 lows, two ounces, the roots of Grass Aspara- ? of each a handful, the roots of Fennel, 
 gus, Liquorice, Raisins of the Sun stoned, : Smallage, Parsley, Sparagus, Bruscus, 
 of each half an ounce, the tops of Mallows, | Saxifrage, Elecampane, Cypress, Madder, 
 Marsh-mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, \ Orris, Peony, of each an ounce, Juniper 
 Burnet, Plantain, Maiden-hair white and > Berries, the seeds of Lovage, Parsley, 
 black, of each a handful, red Cicers an j Smallage, Annis, Nigella, CWpobalsamum 
 ounce, of the four greater and four lesser : or Cubebs, Costus, Cassia Lignea, Carda- 
 cold seeds, of each tluee drams, boil them j moms, Calamus Aromaticus, the roots of 
 in six pounds, of clear Water till four remain, JAsarabacca, Pellitory of Spain, Valerian, 
 which being strained, boil into a syrup with | of each half an ounce, being cleansed, cut, 
 four pounds of white sugar. jand bruised, let them be infused twenty- 
 
 Culpeper] It is a fine cooling, opening, J - four hours in fourteen pounds of clear water, 
 slipery Syrup, and chiefly commendable for I and boiled till half be consumed, being 
 the cholic, stone, or gravel, in the kidneys j taken off from the fire, and rubbed between 
 or bladder. : $ your hands whilst it is warm, strain it, and 
 
 Syrupus de Ammoniaca. 'with honey and sugar, of each two pounds, 
 
 Or Syrup of Arnmoniacum. 
 
 of each four handfuls, common Wormwood 
 
 sharp Vinegar fourounces, boil it toa Syrup, 
 
 College] Take of Maudlin and Cetrach, land perfume it with Cinnamon and Spike- 
 
 nard, of each three drams. 
 
 an ounce, the roots of Succory. Sparagus, | Culpeper] It helps the passion of tl 
 bark of Capei roots, of each two ounces, | matrix, and retains it in its place, it dis- 
 after due preparation steep them twenty- \ solves the coldness, wind, and pains thereof: 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 297 
 
 it stiengthens the nerves, opens the pores, {jaundice. You may take them with a 
 corrects the blood, it corrects and provokes : Liquorice stick, or take a spoonful in the 
 the menses. You may take a spoonful of: morning fasting, 
 it at a time. Syrupbs Botryos. 
 
 Syrupus de Betonica compositus. Or Syrup of Oak of Jerusalem. 
 
 Or Syrup of Bettony compound. College.] Take of Oak of Jerusalem 
 
 College.] Take of Bettony three hand- \ Hedge-mustard, Nettles, of each two hand 
 fuls, Marjoram four handfuls and a half, jfuls, Colt's-foot, one handful and a halK, 
 Thyme, red Roses, of each a handful, Violets, I boil them in a sufficient quantity of clear 
 Stoechas, Sage, of each half a handful, the j water till half be consumed ; to two pounds 
 
 seeds of Fennel, Annis, and Arnmi, of each 
 half an ounce, the roots of Peons, Poly- 
 
 of the Decoction, add two pounds of the 
 Juice of Turnips baked in an oven in a 
 
 podium, and Fennel, of each five drams, close pot, and with three pounds of white 
 boil them in six pounds of river water, to | sugar, boil it into a Syrup, 
 three pounds, strain it, and add juice of j Cnlpeper] This Syrup was composed 
 Bettony two pounds, sugar three pounds j against coughs, shortness of breath, and 
 and a half, make it into a Syrup. \ other the like infirmities of the breast pro- 
 
 Culpe.per.] It helps diseases coming of; ceeding of cold, for which (if you can go*, 
 cold, both in the head and stomach, as also | it) you may take it with a Liquorice stick, 
 such as come of wind, vertigos, madness ; j Syrupus Capillonnn Veneris. 
 
 it concocts melancholy, it provokes the j Of Syrup of Maiden-hair, 
 
 menses, and so doth the simple Syrup more j College.] Take of Liquorice two ounces, 
 than the compound. j Maiden-hair five ounces, steep them a 
 
 Syrupus Byzantinus, simple. \ natural day in four pounds of warm water, 
 
 College.] Take of the Juice of the leaves j then after gentle boiling, and strong strain- 
 of Endive and Smallage, of each two pounds, | ing, with a pound and a half of fine sugar 
 of Hops and Bugloss, of each one pound, j make it into a Syrup, 
 boil them together and scum them, and to > Culpeper] It opens stoppings of the 
 the clarified liquor, add four pounds of j stomach, strengthens the lungs, and helps 
 while sugar, to as much of the juices, and j the infirmities of them. This maybe taken 
 with a gentle fire boil it to a Syrup. j also either with a Liquorice stick, or mixed 
 
 Syrupus Byzantimis, compound. ] with the Pectoral Decoction like Syrup of 
 
 College.'] Take of the Juices so ordered Coltsfoot. 
 
 as in the former, four pounds, in which boil \ Syrupus Cardiacus, vel Julcpum Cardiacum. 
 led, Roses, two ounces, Liquorice half an! Or a Cordial Syrup, 
 
 ounce, the seeds of Annis, Fennel, and I College.] Take of Rhenish Wine twi 
 Smallage, of each three drams, Spikenard \ pounds, Rose Water two ounces and a hall v 
 two drams, strain it, and to the three pounds I Cloves two scruples, Cinnamon half a 
 remaining, add two pounds of Vinegar, id ram, Ginger two scruples, Sugar three 
 four pounds of Sugar, make it into a syrup j ounces and a half, boil it to the consistence 
 according to art. |of a Julep, adding Ambergris three 
 
 Culpeper] They both of them (viz. j grains, Musk one grain, 
 both Simple and Compound) open stopp-j Culpeper.] If you would have this Julep 
 ings of the stomach, liver, and spleen, help | keep long, you may put in more sugar, 
 the rickets in children, cut and bring } and yet if close stopped, it will not easily 
 away tough flegm, ind help the yellow | corrupt because it is made up only of Wine, 
 
298 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 indeed the wisest way is to order the quan-*a pound, Sugar two pounds, make it into 
 Uty of sugar according to the palate ofja syrup like Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers 
 him that takes it. It restores such as are I Culpeper.~] It prevails against all dis- 
 m consumptions, comforts the heart, leases proceeding from choler, or heat or 
 cherishes the drooping spirits, and is of an ] blood, fevers, both pestilential, and not 
 opening quality, thereby carrying away ! pestilential ; it resists poison, cools the 
 
 those vapours which might otherwise annoy 
 the brain and heart: You may take an 
 ounce at a time, or two if you please. 
 
 blood, quenches thirst, cures the. vertigo, 
 or dizziness in the head. 
 
 College.'] After the same manner is 
 
 Syrupus infusionis florum Cariophillorum. jmade Syrups of Grapes, Oranges, Bar- 
 Or Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers. j berries, Cherries, Quinces, Lemons, Wood- 
 
 College.'] Take a pound of Clove-gilli- 1 sorrel, Mulberries, Sorrel, English Currants, 
 flowers, the whites being cut off, infuse them ; and other sour Juices, 
 a whole night in two pounds of water, then j CulpeperJ] If you look the simples you 
 with four pounds of sugar melted in it, j may see the virtues of them : they all cool 
 make it into a Syrup without boiling. ! and comfort the heart, and strengthen the 
 
 Culpeper.] This Syrup is a fine tern- 1 stomach, Syrup of Quinces stays vomiting, 
 perate Syrup : it strengthens the heart, \ so doth all Syrup of Grapes, 
 liver, and stomach ; it refreshes the vital I Syrupus Corticum Citriorum. 
 
 spirits, and is a good cordial in fevers ; \ Or Syrup of Citron Pills, 
 
 and usually mixed with other cordials, you j College.] Take of fresh yellow Cilron 
 can hardly err in taking it, it is so harm- j Pills five ounces, the berries of Chermes, 
 less a Syrup. (or the juice of them brought over to us, 
 
 Syrup-uS de Cinnamomo. | two drams, Spring Water four pounds, 
 
 Or Syrup of Cinnamon. \ steep them all night, boil them till half be 
 
 College.'] Take of Cinnamon grossly * consumed, taking off the scum, strain it, 
 bruised, four ounces, steep it in white < and with two pounds and a half of sugar 
 Wine, and small Cinnamon Water, of eacl ' " ' 
 
 boiled it into a Syru : let half of it be 
 
 half a pound, three days, in a glass, by a without Musk, but perfume the other hah 
 gentle heat; strain it, and with a pound j with three grains of Musk tied up in a rag. 
 and a half of sugar, boil it gently to a J Culpeper.] It strengthens the stomach, 
 Syrup. j resists poison, strengthens the heart, and 
 
 CulpeperJ] It refreshes the vital spirits I resists the passions thereof, palpitation, 
 exceedingly, and cheers both heart and j faintings, swoonings ; it strengthens the 
 stomach languishing through cold, it helps ; vital spirits, restores such as are in con- 
 digestion exceedingly, and strengthens the j sumptions, and hectic fevers, and strengthens 
 whole body. You may take a spoonful at \ nature much. You may take a spoonful 
 a time in a cordial. \ at a time. 
 
 College."] Thus also you may con- j Syrupus e Coralliis simplex. 
 
 veniently prepare Syrups (but only with j Or Syrup of Coral simple, 
 
 white Wine,) of Annis seeds, sweet Fennel > College.'] Take of red Coral in very fine 
 seeds, Cloves, Nutmegs, Ginger, &c j powder four ounces, dissolve it in clarified 
 
 Syrupus Acetonlath Citriorum. ljuice of Barberries in the heat of a bath, 
 
 OrSyrup of Juice of Citrons. ja pound, in a glass well stopped with wax 
 
 College.] Take of the Juice of Citrons, j and cork, a digestion being made three or 
 strained without expression, and cleansed, ! four days, pour off what is dissolved, put 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 290 
 
 in fresh clarified juice, and proceed as be- 
 fore, repeat this so often till all the coral 
 be dissolved ; lastly, to one pound of this 
 juice add a pound and a half of sugar, and 
 boil it to a Syrup genlly. 
 
 Syrupus e Coralliis composites, 
 Or Syrup of Coral compound. 
 
 College.] Take of red Coral six ounces, 
 in very fine powder, and levigated upon 
 a marble, add of clarified juice of Lemons, 
 the flegm being drawn off in a bath, sixteen 
 ounces, clarified juice of Barberries, eight 
 ounces, sharp white Wine Vinegar, and juice 
 of Wood-sorrel, of each six ounces, mix them 
 together, and put them in a glass stopped 
 with cork and bladder, shaking it every 
 day till it have digested eight days in a 
 bath, or horse dung, then filter it, of which 
 take a pound and a half, juice of Quinces 
 half a pound, sugar of Roses twelve ounces, 
 make them into a Syrup in a bath, adding 
 Syrup of Clove-gillitiowers sixteen ounces, 
 keep it for use, omitting the half dram of 
 Ambergris, and four grains of Musk 
 till the physician command it. 
 
 Culpeper] Syrup of Coral both simple 
 and compound, restore such as are in con- 
 sumptions, are of a gallant cooling nature, 
 especially the last, and very cordial, good 
 for hectic fevers, it stops fluxes, the run- 
 ning of the reins, and the Fluor Albus, helps 
 such as spit blood, and such as have the 
 falling-sickness, it stays the menses. Half 
 a spoonful in the morning is enough. 
 Syrupus Cydoniorum. 
 Or Syrup of Quinces. 
 
 College.'] Take of the Juice of Quinces 
 clarified six pounds, boil it over a gentle fire 
 till half of it be consumed, scumming it, 
 adding red Wine three pounds, white sugar 
 four pounds, boil it into a Syrup, to be per- 
 fumed with a dram and a half of Cinnamon, 
 Cloves and G'nger, of each two scruples. 
 
 Culpeper.] It strengthens the heart and 
 stomach, stays looseness and vomiting, 
 relieves languishing nature : for looseness, 
 
 take a spoonful of it before meat, for 
 vomiting after meat, for both, as also for 
 the rest, in the morning. 
 
 Syrupus de Erysimo. 
 Or Syrup of Hedge-mustard. 
 
 College.'] Take of Hedge-mustard, fresh, 
 six handfuls, the roots of Elecampane, 
 Colt's-foot, Liquorice, of each two ounces, 
 Borrage, Succory, Maiden-hair, of each a 
 handful and a half, the cordial flowers, 
 Rosemary and Bettony, of each half a hand- 
 ful, Annis seeds half an ounce, Raisins of 
 the sun stoned, two ounces, let all of them, 
 being prepared according to art, be boiled 
 in a sufficient quantity of Barley Water 
 and Hydromel, with six ounces of juice of 
 Hedge-mustard to two pounds and a half, 
 the which, with three pounds of sugar, boil 
 it into a Syrup according to art. 
 
 Culpeper] It was invented against 
 cold afflictions of the breast and lungs, as 
 asthmas, hoarseness, &c. You may take 
 it either with a Liquorice stick, or which is 
 better, mix an ounce of it with three or 
 four ounces of Pectoral Decoction, and 
 drink it off warm in the morning. 
 
 Syrupus de Fttmaria. 
 Or Syrup of Fumitory. 
 
 College.'] Take of Endive, common 
 Wormwood, Hops, Dodder, Hart's-tonguc, 
 of each a handful, Epithimum an ounce 
 and a half, boil them in four pounds o f 
 water till half be consumed, strain it, and 
 add the juice of Fumitory a pound and a 
 half, of Borrage and Bugloss, of each half 
 a pound, white sugar four pounds, make 
 them into a Syrup according to art. 
 
 Culpeper] The receipt is a pretty con- 
 cocter of melancholy, and therefore a 
 rational help for diseases arising thence, 
 both internal and external, it helps diseases 
 of the skin, as Leprosies, Cancers, Warts, 
 Corns, Itch, Tetters, Ringworms, Scabs, &c. 
 and it is the better to be liked, because of 
 its gentleness. It helps surfeits exceedingly, 
 cleanses, cools, and strengthens the live:, 
 
 4 a 
 
300 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and causes it to make good blood, and good I the fruits the seeds, and the seeds the herbs, 
 blood cannot make bad flesh. 1 commend j about a quarter of an hour ; at last, live 
 this receipt to those whose bodies are sub- pounds of water being consumed, boil the 
 ject to scabs and itch. If you please you j other three (being first strained and clari- 
 may take two ounces by itself every morn-'jfied) into a Syrup with two pounds and a 
 ing. [ half of sugar. 
 
 Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza. Culpeper.~\ It mightily strengthens the 
 
 Or Syrup of Liquorice. j breast and lungs, causes long wind, clears 
 
 CollcgeJ] Take of green Liquorice, | the voice, is a good remedy against coughs, 
 scraped and bruised, two ounces, white Use it like the S3 r rup of Liquorice. 
 Maiden-hair an ounce, dryed Hyssop half? Syrupus I-vee arthritica, sive Chamfepityos. 
 an ounce, steep these in four pounds of hot ; Or Syrup of Chamepitys. 
 
 water, after twenty-four hours, boil it till ; College.] Take of Chamepitys, two hand- 
 half be consumed, strain it, and clarify, it, j fuls, Sage, Rosemary, Poley Mountain, 
 and with Honey, Penids, and Sugar, of each j Origanum, Calaminth, wild Mints, Pennv- 
 eight ounces, make it into a Syrup, adding, i royal, Hyssop, Thyme, Rue, garden and 
 before it be perfectly boiled, red Rose; wild, Bettony, Mother of Thyme, of each u 
 Water six ounces. i handful, the roots of Acorns, Birthwort long 
 
 Culpeper.~] It cleanses the breast and j and round, Briony, Dittany, Gentian, 
 
 Fennel, Valerian, of each half an 
 ounce, the roots of Smallage, Asparagus, 
 Fennel, Parsley, Bruscus, of each an ounce, 
 Pellitory of Spain, an ounce and a half, 
 
 coughs 
 take it with 
 
 and 
 
 lungs, and helps continual 
 pleurisies. You may take it witti a; 
 Liquorice stick, or add an ounce of it or 
 more to the Pectoral Decoction. 
 
 Syrupus Granatorum cum Aceto ; vulgo, jStoechas, the seeds of Annis, Animi, Cara- 
 
 Oxysaccharum simplex. ; way, Fennel, Lovage. Hartwort, of each 
 
 Or Syrup of Pomegranates with Vinegar. ; three drarns, Raisins of the sun two ounces, 
 
 College^] Take of white sugar a pound j boil them in ten pounds of water to four, 
 and a half, juice of Pomegranates eight j to which add honey and sugar, of each two 
 ounces, white Wine Vinegar four ounces, ; pounds, make it into a Syrup to be per- 
 boil it gently into a Syrup. \ fumed with Sugar, Nutmegs, and Cubebs, 
 
 Culpeper.~] Look the virtues of Pome- ; of each three drams, 
 granates among the simples. Syrupus Jujulrinus. 
 
 Syrupus de Hyssopo. Or Syrup of Jujubes. 
 
 Or Syrup of Hyssop. College.~\ Take of Jujubes, Violets, five 
 
 College^ Take eight pounds of Spring \ drams, Maiden-hair, Liquorice, French 
 Water, half an ounce of Barley, boil it 
 
 about half an hour, then add the Roots of 
 Smallage, Parsley, Fennel, Liquorice, of 
 each ten drams, Jujubes, Sebestens, of each 
 fifteen, Raisins of the sun stoned, an ounce 
 and a half, Figs, Dates, of each ten, the 
 seeds of Mallows and Quinces, Gum Tra- 
 gacanth tied up in a rag, of each three 
 drams, Hyssop meanly dryed, ten drams, 
 Maiden-hair six drams, boil them together, 
 
 yet so, that the roots may piecede the fruits, pleurisies, ulcers of the lungs and bladder. 
 
 Barley, of each an ounce, the seeds -of 
 Mallows five drams, the seeds of white 
 Poppies, Melons, Lettice, (seeds of Quinces 
 and Gum Tragacanth tied up in a rag) 
 of each three drams, boil them in six 
 pounds of rain or spring water till half be 
 consumed, strain it, and with two pounds 
 of sugar make it into a Syrup. 
 
 CulpeperJ] It is a fine cooling Syrup, 
 very available in coughs, hoarseness, and 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 301 
 
 as also in all inflammations whatsoever, j ounce, the leaves of Bawm, Scabious, 
 You may take a spoonful of it once in three : Devil's-bit, the flowers of both sorts ol 
 or four hours, or if you please take it with : Bugloss, and Rosemary, of each a handful 
 a Liquorice stick. I the seeds of Sorrel, Citrons, Fennel, Car 
 
 Syrupus de Mec&nio, sive Diacodium. \ duus, Bazil, of each three drams, boil them 
 Or Syrup of Meconium, or Diacodium. tin four pounds of water till half be con- 
 College.~] Take of white Poppy heads jsumed, strain it, and add three pounds of 
 with their seeds, gathered a little after the 5 white sugar, juice of Bawm and Rose 
 
 flowers are fallen off, and kept three days, ! 
 
 Water, of each half a pound, boil them to 
 
 eightounces, black Poppy heads (so ordered) j a Syrup, the which perfume with Cinnamon 
 six ounces, rain Water eight pounds, steep j and yellow Sanders, of each half an ounce 
 them twenty-four hours, then boil and press j Culpeper.~\ It is an excellent cordial, 
 them gently, boil it to three pounds, and j and strengthens the heart, breast, and 
 with twenty -four ounces of sugar boil it I stomach, it resists melancholy, revives the 
 into a Syrup according to art. j spirits, is given with good success in fevers, 
 
 Syrupus de Meconio compositus. >it strengthens the memory, and relieves 
 
 Or Syrup of Meconium compound. | languishing nature. You may take a spoon- 
 College.~\ Take of white and black j full of it at a time. 
 Poppy heads with their seeds, fifty drams, { Syrupus de Mentha. 
 
 Maiden-hair fifteen drams, Jujubes thirty, | Or Syrup of Mints. 
 
 the seeds of Lettice, forty drams, of Mai- ; CollegeJ] Take of the juices of Quinces 
 lows and Quinces tied up in a rag, a dram 5 sweet and between sweet and sour, the juice 
 
 and a half, Liquorice five drains, water 
 :>ounds, boil it according to art, strain 
 
 it, and to three pounds of Decoction add 
 Sugar and Penids, of each one pound, make 
 it into a Syrup. 
 
 of Pomegranates sweet, between sweet and 
 sour, and sour, of each a pound and a half, 
 dried Mints half a pound, red Roses two 
 ounces, let them lie in steep one day, then 
 boil it half away, and with four pounds of 
 
 Culpeper.l Meconium is nothing else butlsugai boil it into a Syrup according to art: 
 the juice of English Poppies boiled till it I perfume it not unless the Physicians com- 
 be thick : It prevails against dry coughs, Imand. 
 
 phthisicks, hot and sharp gnawing rheums, j Culpeper.~] The Syrup is in quality bind- 
 and provokes sleep It is an usual fashion! ing, yet it comforts the stomach much, 
 for nurses when they have heated their milk ; helps digestion, stays vomiting, and is as 
 by exercise or strong liquor (no marvel then excellent a remedy against sour or offensive 
 if their children be fro ward) then run for j belchings, as any is in the Dispensatory. 
 Sj'rnp of Poppies, to make their young 5 Take a spoonful of it after meat. 
 
 ones sleep. I would fain have that fashion ; 
 left, therefore I forbear the dose ; let ' 
 
 Syrupus de Mucilaginibus. 
 Or Syrup of Mussilages. 
 
 nurses keep their own bodies temperate, and j ColltgeJ] Take of the seeds of Marsh- 
 their children will sleep well enough, never \ mallows, Mallows, Quinces, of each an 
 fear. jounce, Gum Tragacanth three drams, let 
 
 Syrupus Mehssophylli. \ these infuse six hours in warm Decoction of 
 
 Or Syrup of Bawm. j Mallows, white Poppy seeds, and Winter 
 
 College.] Take of the Bark of Bugloss ; Cherries, then press out the Mussilage to 
 roots, an ounce, the roots of white Dittany, i an ounce and an half, with which, and 
 Cinquefoil, Scorzonera, of each half an [three ounces of the aforesaid Decoction, 
 
802 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 and two ounces of sugar, make a Syrup! boil them in four pounds of clear watei 
 according to art 5 till one be consumed, strain it, and add half 
 
 Culpepcr.~] A spoonful taken by itself, | a pound of red Rose water, white suoar 
 or in any convenient liquor, is excellent for i four pounds, boil it into a Syrup according 
 any shaip corroding humours be they in I to art. 
 
 what part of the body soever, phthisicks, | Cnlpeper.] They are both fine cooling 
 bloody-flux, stone in the reins or bladder, j Syrups, allay the heat of choler, and pro- 
 or ulcers there: it is 'excellent good for | voke sleep, they cool the body, both head, 
 such as have taken purges that are loo j heart, liver, reins, and matrix, and there- 
 strong for their bodies, for by its slippery i fore are profitable for hot diseases in either, 
 nature it helps corrosions, and by its cool- j you may take an ounce of it at a time when 
 ing helps inflammations. j your stomach is empty. 
 
 Syrupus Myrtinus s de Papavere Erratko, site Rubro. 
 
 Or Syrup of Myrtles. f\ c c T? 
 
 College 1 Take of Mvrtle Berries two ojrup of Erratic Poppies. 
 
 V^-l/ttCi; C I J- tll\C/ \Jl J.TJL y 1 LIC JJC1 lll^o L Y LJ < /"*r 11 "1 T 1 /* 1 C 1/1 < 
 
 ounces and an half, Sanders white and red,! College.] lake of the fresh flowers of 
 Sumach, Balaustines, 'Barberry stones, red d P PP! CS J WO P OU1K ! S ' stee P il f m m 
 Roses, of each an ounce and a half, Med- f , ur P f unds t f warm spring water, the next 
 
 lars half a pound, bruise them in eight ^ Stra , m ll ' a " d bojl Jt into a S ^ ru P Wlth 
 
 J O > i fc f*/i 1 1 'i I \vfi fTnT in en rm t* 
 
 pounds of water to four, strain it, and add j ' *ZF* ^* u " 1 
 juice of Quinces and sour Pomegranates, ! ?*&} Th ^ Syru P jools the blood, 
 of each six ounces, then with three pounds ! helps surfeits, .and may safely be given ,n 
 of sugar, boil it into a Syrup. frenzies ' fevers ' and hot li S ues ' 
 
 Culpeper.~\ The Syrup is of a very bind- 
 ing, yet comforting nature, it helps such as 
 spit blood, all fluxes of the belly, or corro- 
 sions of the internal parts, it strengthens the 
 
 Syrupus de PHosella. 
 Or Syrup of Mousear. 
 College.'] Take of Mousear three hand- 
 fuls, the roots of Lady's-mantle an ounce 
 
 retentive faculty, and stops immoderate j and an half, the roots of Comfrey the 
 
 flux of menses. A spoonful at a time is i 
 the dose. 
 
 greater, Madder, white Dittany, Tormentil, 
 Bistort, of each an ounce, the leaves ol 
 
 Syrupns Florum Nymphte simplex. I Wintergreen, Horsetail, Ground Ivy, Plan- 
 Or Syrup of Water-Lily flowers, simple, jtain, Adder's Tongue, Strawberries, St. 
 Collrge.~\ Take of the whitest of white! John's Wort with the flowers, Golden Rod, 
 Water-Lily flowers, a pound, steep them in : Agrimony, Bettony, Burnet, Avens, Cinque- 
 three pounds of warm water six 1 or seven ? foil the greater, red Coleworts, Balaustines, 
 hours, let them boil a little, and strain them i red Roses, of each a handful, boil them 
 out, put in the same weight of flowers again {gently in six pounds of Plantain Water to 
 the second and third time, when you have j three, then strain it strongly, and when it is 
 strained it the last time, add its weight of j settled, add Gum Tragacanth, the seeds of 
 sugar to it, and boil it to a Syrup. j Fleawort, Marsh-mallows and Quinces, 
 
 Syrupns Florum Nymphte compositus. } made into a Mussilage by themselves in 
 Syrup of Water-Lily flowers compound, j Strawberry and Bettony Water, of each 
 College.'] Take of white Water-Lily j three ounces, white sugar two pounds, boil 
 flowers half a pound, Violets two ounces, jit to the thickness of honey. 
 Lettice two handfuls, the seeds of Lettice,| Culpener.-] It is drying and healing, and 
 Purslain, and Gourds, of each half an ounce, therefore good for ruptures. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 303 
 
 Syrupus infusionis jlorum P(onias r \ Syrupus de Prasio. 
 
 Or Svrup of the infusion of Peony flowers. \ Or S ru P of Horehound. 
 
 College.-] It is prepared in the samel . College.-] Take of white Horehound 
 
 mannei as Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers. I fr f h * . ces > **** Polipodium 
 
 5 T> -. >of the Oak, Fennel, and Smallage roots, 
 
 Syrupus de Pteoma composes. j Qf each ^ an ounce> white Mai 3 en . hair) 
 
 Or Syrup of Peony compound Origanum, Hyssop, Calaminth, Thyme, 
 
 College] lake of the Roots of both Sav ry> Scabious, Colt's-foot, of each six- 
 sorts of Peony taken up at the full Moon, dramSj the seeds of Annis and Cotton, oi 
 exit in slices, and steeped in white W me j each three dramSi Raisins o f t h e sun stoned 
 a whole day, of each an ounce and an half, two ounces ^ fat Figs ten , boil them in eight 
 Contra Yerva halt an ounce, Slier Moun- pounds of Hydromel till half be consumed, 
 tain six drams, Elk's Claws an ounce, Rose- oil the Decoction into a Syrup with honey 
 mary with the flowers on, one handful, J and gu of each two poundSj and per . 
 Bettony, Hyssop, Origanum, Chamepitys, j fume it b wkh an ounce of the roots o f Orris 
 Rue, of each three drams, Wood of Aloes, | ]?i oren t me 
 
 Cloves, Cardamoms the less, of each two i Culpeper.] It is appropriated to the 
 drams, Ginger, Spikenard, of each a dram, breas f ^"1^ and is a fi ne cleanser to 
 Stoechas, Nutmegs, of each two drams and j them frwn thick and putrined flegm , 
 
 half, boil them after one day s warm j u hgl phthisicks and coughs, and diseases 
 
 ^oti/-\n tr\ o onH^rltir^^ nnontitTr rvr /"lief il lrrl 2 ,1 ill 
 
 subject to old men, and cold natures. 
 Take it with a Liquorice stick. 
 
 Syrupus de quinq. Radicibus. 
 Or Syrup of the five opening Roots. 
 College] Take of the roots of Smallage, 
 | Fennel, Parsley, Bruscus Sparagus of 
 | each two ounces, spring Water, six pounds, 
 | boil away the third part, and make a Syrup 
 } with the rest according to art, with three 
 
 an 
 
 digestion, in a sufficient quantity of distilled 
 water of Peony roots, to four pounds, in 
 which (being strained through Hippocrates' 
 sleeve) put four pounds and an half of 
 while sugar, and boil it to a Syrup. 
 
 Culpepe.r.~\ It helps the falling-sickness, 
 and convulsions. 
 
 Syrupus de Pomis ailerons. 
 Or Syrup of Apples. 
 
 College.] Take four pounds of the juice pounds of sugar, adding eight ounces of 
 
 |A 1 .1 f *\~\ i TUT* ~7* 1 i 1 IA.J. 
 
 of sweet scented Apples, the juice of Bug- 
 loss, garden and wild, of Violet leaves, 
 Rose Water, of each a pound, boil them 
 together, and clarify them, and with 
 
 six 
 
 jxmnds of pure sugar, boil it into a Syrup 
 
 white Wine Vinegar, towards the latter 
 
 end. 
 
 CulpeperJ] It cleanses and opens very 
 
 well, is profitable against obstructions, pro- 
 
 vokes urine, cleanses the body of flegm, 
 
 nccording to art. | and is safely and profitably given in the 
 
 Culpcper.~\ It is a fine cooling Syrup i beginning of fevers. An ounce at a time 
 for such whose stomachs are overpressed | upon an empty stomach is a good dose, 
 with heat, and may safely be given in| Syrupus Raphani. 
 
 fevers, for it rather loosens than binds : I Or Syrup of Radishes, 
 
 it breeds good blood, and is profitable in 1 College.'] Take of garden and wild 
 liectic fevers, and for such as are troubled j Radish roots, of each an ounce, the roots 
 with palpitation of the heart, it quenches j of white Saxifrage, Lovage, Bruscus, 
 ihirst admirably in fevers, and stays hie- ! Eringo, Rest-harrow, Parsley, Fennel, of 
 coughs. You may take an ounce of it at | each half an ounce, the leaves of Bettony, 
 A time in the morning, or when you need. I Burnet, Pennyroyal, Nettles, Water-cresses, 
 
 4 i 
 
304 . THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Samphire, Maiden-hair, of each one hand-? and Cotton, of each three drams, boil them 
 ful, Winter Cherries, Jujubes, of each ten, j all (the roots being infused in white Wine 
 the seeds of Bazil, Bur, Parsley of Mace- i the day before) in a sufficient quantity of 
 donia, Hartworl, Carraway, Carrots, Grom- ; Wine and Water to eight ounces, strain it, 
 well, the bark of the root of Bay-tree, of j and adding four ounces of the Juice of 
 each two drams, Raisins of the sun stoned, ; Scabious, and tejn ounces of sugar, boil it 
 Liquorice, of each six drams, boil them in 1 to a Syrup, adding to it twenty drops of oil 
 twelve pounds of water to eight, strain it, j of sulphur. 
 
 and with four pounds of sugar, and two I Culpeper.~] It is a cleansing Syrup ap- 
 pounds of honey, make it into a Syrup, I propriated to the breast and lungs, when 
 and perfume it with an ounce of Cinnamon, ; you perceive them oppressed by flegm, 
 and half an ounce of Nutmegs. j crudites, or stoppings, your remedy is to 
 
 Culpeper.^ A tedious long medicine for ; take now and then a spoonful of this Syruj>, 
 the stone. jit is taken also with good success by such 
 
 Surupus Regius, alias Jidapium Alexandrinum. \ as are itchy^ or scabby. 
 
 Or Julep of Alexandria. Surupus de Scolopendno. 
 
 College.'] Boil four pounds of Rose- j Or Syrup of Hart's-tongue. 
 
 water, and one pound of white Sugar into i College.'] Take of Hart's-tongue three 
 a Julep. Julep of Roses is made with ! handf'uls, Polypodium of the Oak, the 
 Damask Rose water, in the very same j roots of both sorts of Bugloss, bark of the 
 manner. j roots of Capers and Tamerisk, of each two 
 
 CulpeperJ] Two fine cooling drinks in jounces, Hops, Dodder, Maiden-hair, Bawm, 
 
 the heat of summer. * of each two handfuls, boil them in nine 
 
 Syrupus de Rosis siccis. \ pounds of Spring water to five, and strain 
 
 Or Syrup of dried Roses. \ it, and with four pounds of white sugar, 
 
 College.'] Make four pounds of spring | make it into a Syrup according to art. 
 water hot, in which infuse a pound of dried ! Culpeper.'] It helps the stoppings of 
 Roses, by some at a time, press them out ! melancholy, opens obstructions of the liver 
 and with two pounds of sugar, boil it into land spleen, and is profitable against splen- 
 a Syrup according to art. * etic evils, and therefore is a choice remedy 
 
 Culpeper.'] Sy rup of dried Roses, strength- j for the disease which the vulgar call the 
 
 ens the heart, comforts the spirits, binds i rickets, or liver-grown: A spoonful in a 
 
 the body, helps fluxes, and corrosions, or J morning is a precious remedy for children 
 
 gnawings of the bowels, it strengthens the 'troubled with that disease. Men that are 
 
 stomach, and stays vomiting. You may j troubled with the spleen, which is known 
 
 take an ounce at a time, before meat, if for { by pain and hardness in their left side, may 
 
 fluxes ; after meat if for vomiting. j take three or four spoonfuls, they shall find 
 
 Syrupus Scabiosce. \ this one receipt worth the price of the whole 
 
 Or Syrup of Scabious. | book. 
 
 College^] Take of the roots of Elecam- ; Sun/pus de Sfoechade. 
 
 pane, and Polypodium of the Oak, of each t Syrup of Stcrchas 
 
 two ounces, Raisins of the sun stoned an \ College.'] Take of Stocchas flowers four 
 ounce, Sebestens twenty, Colt's-foot, Lung- ! ounces, Rosemary flowers half an ounce, 
 wort, Savory, Calarninth, of each a hand- 1 Thyme, Calaminth, Origanum, of each an 
 ful and an half, Litmorice, Spanish Tobacco, jounce and an half, Sage, Bettony, of each 
 of each half an ounce, the seeds of Nettles 1 half an ounce, the seeds of Rue, Peony, and 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 Kernel, of each three drams, spring water 
 ten pounds, boil it till half be consumed, 
 and with honey and sugar, of each two 
 pounds, boil it into a Syrup, which perfume 
 with Cinnamon, Ginger, and Cairn us 
 Aromaticus, of each two drams tied up in 
 
 rag. 
 
 Syrupus de Sytnphyto. 
 Or Syrup of Comfrey. 
 
 the water of Violet flowers and sugar, like 
 Julep of Roses. 
 
 CulpeperJ] It is cooling and pleasant. 
 
 PURGING SYRUPS. 
 
 Syrupus de Cichorio cum Tthi/barbaro. 
 Or Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb. 
 
 College.'] Take of roots and tops of j College^] Take of whole Barley, the 
 Comfrey, the greater and lesser, of each j roots of Smallage, Fennel, and Sparagus, 
 three handfuls, red Roses, Bettony, Plantain, j of each two ounces, Succory, Dandelyon, 
 Burnet, Knot grass, Scabious, Colt's foot, i Endive, smooth Sow-thistles, of each two 
 of each two handfuls, press the juice out of] handfuls, Lettuce, Liverwort, Fumitory, 
 them all, being green and bruised, boil it, j tops of Hops, of each one handful, Maiden- 
 scum it, an-d strain it, add its weight of j hair, white and black, Cetrachs, Liquorice, 
 sugar to it that it may be made into a Syrup, ] winter Cherries, Dodder, of each six drams, 
 according to art \ to boil these take sixteen pounds of spring 
 
 Culpeper.~\ The Syrup is excellent for I water, strain the liquor, and boil in it six 
 all inward wounds and bruises, excoriations, ' pounds of white sugar, adding towards the 
 vomitings, spittings, or evacuation of blood, I end six ounces of Rhubarb, six dram? of 
 it unites broken bones, helps ruptures, and { Spikenard, bound up in a thin slack rag 
 stops the menses : You cannot err in taking \ the which crush^ often in boiling, and so 
 of it. | make it into a Syrup according to art. 
 
 Syrupus Violarum. \ CulpeperJ] It clean ses the body of venem- 
 
 Or Syrup of Violets. : ous humours, as boils, carbuncles, and the 
 
 CollegeJ] Take of Violet flowers fresh ! h'ke ; it prevails against pestilential fevers, 
 and picked, a pound, clear water made \ it strengthens the heart and nutritive virtue, 
 boiling hot, two pounds, shut them up close ; purges by stool and urine, it makes a man 
 together into a new glazed pot, a whole j have a good stomach to his meat, and pro- 
 day, then press them hard out, and in two J vokes sleep. But by my author's leave, 
 pounds of the liquor dissolve four pounds j I never accounted purges to be proper 
 and three ounces of white sugar, take away j physic in pestilential fevers ; this I believe, 
 the scum, and so make it into a Syrup with- i the Syrup cleanses the liver well, and is 
 out, boiling. Syrup of the juice of Violets, 1 exceeding good for such as are troubled 
 is made with its double weight of sugar, like j with hypocondriac melancholy. The strong 
 the former. j may take two ounces at a time, the weak, 
 
 Cidpeper.'] This Syrupcoolsandmoistens, \ one, or you may mix an ounce of it with 
 and that very gently, it corrects the sharp- j the Decoction of Senna. * 
 ness of cholcr, and gives ease in hot vices of j Syrupus de Epithymo. 
 
 the breast, it quenches thirst in acute fevers, \ Or Syrup of Epithimum. 
 
 and resist the heat of the disease ; it com- j College^] Take of Epithimum twenty 
 forts hot stomachs exceedingly, cools the | drams, Mirobalans, Citron, and Indian of 
 liver and heart, and resists putrefaction, 1 each fifteen drams, Emblicks, Belloricks, 
 restilence, and poison. [ Polypodium. Liquorice Agrick, Thytue, 
 
 College] Julep of Violets is made of; Calaminth Btigloss, Stoechas of each six 
 
 Cc 
 
800 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 drains, Dodder, Fumitory, ot each ten | Culpever.~\ The Syrup is a cooling purge, 
 drams, red Roses, Annis-seeds and sweet j and tends to rectify the distempers of the 
 .Fennel seeds of each two drams and an \ blood, it purges choler and melancholy, ano 
 naif, sweet Prunes ten, Raisins of the sun j therefore must needs be effectual both in 
 stoned four ounces, Tamarinds two ounces | yellow and black jaundice, madness, scur 
 and an half, after twenty-four hours infusion j leprosy, and scabs, it is very gentle. The 
 in ten pints of spring water, boil it away t dose is from one ounce to three, according 
 to six, then take it from the fire and strain ! as the body is in age. and strength. An 
 it, and with five pounds of fine sugar boil j ounce of it in the morning is excellent for 
 it inty Syrup according to art. 1 such children as break out in scabs. 
 
 CulpeperJ] It is best to- put in the Dod- j Syrupus de Pomis magistralis 
 
 der, Stoechas and Agarick, towards the Or Syrup of Apples magisterial. 
 
 latter end of the Decoction. It purges melan-j CoR , Take of ^ Juice and 
 choly, and other humours, it strengthens;^ A ^ Qf each 
 
 coy, an oer umours, i seg;^ A Qf each a d anj an ha]f 
 
 the stomach and liver cleanses the body of L^ j^ ce and Watcr Q \ B e and B 
 addust choler and addust blood, as also of j loss of each nine QU s * nna ha i f * a 
 
 salt humours, and helps diseases proceeding j d Annig seed an(1 gweet Fennd ^ 
 from these, as scabs, itch, tetters, ringworms, j f ^ three d E ithimum of Crete 
 
 leprosy, &c. A man may take two ounces L ounceS} Agaric k, Rhubarb, of each 
 at a time, or add one ounce to the Decoc- { faalf an Qunce? ^ Mace? ()f cach four 
 
 tion of Epithmium. 1 scruples, Cinnamon two scruples, Saffron 
 
 Syrupus 6 Flonbus Persicorum. j hft]f ^ d infuse the Rhubarb and Cin _ 
 
 Or Syrup of Peach-flowers t namQn b itgdf in white Wine and 
 
 College.] Take of fresh Peach-flowers j Juice JZgfa o f eac h two ounces, let 
 a pound, steep them a whole day in three j a]} ^ g gaffron excepted? be steeped 
 pounds of warm water, then boil a little and in ^ Waterg aboye ment ioned, and the 
 strain it out repeat this infusion five times next d t in the juices, which being 
 in the same liquor, m three pounds of which boi , ed / Cl f mmed and J strained , then with 
 dissolve two pounds and an half of sugar ! four Qunces of white boi , k jnto a 
 
 and boil it into a Syrup. i g crush in g the saffron in it being tied 
 
 Culpeper] It is a gentle purger of| u j in a linen ra = ' the infusion of the Rhu _ 
 choler, and may be given even in fevers to j ^ b - ^^ at the latter cnd 
 draw away the sharp choleric humours. Culpeper.-] Out of doubt this is a gallant 
 
 Syrupus dePomts purgans. j Syrup to purge choler and melancholy, 
 
 rn n J ^ ^ P C 1CS ^ Urgm f ' *** to resist madness. 
 
 CdleeeA Take of the mice of sweet' , ,,, , , 
 
 11- i .. r Si/ritnus de Khubarbaro. 
 
 smelling Apples two pounds, the juice of 
 
 Borrage and Bugloss of each one pound! Or S J ru P of Rhubarb. 
 
 and an half, Senna two ounces, Annis seeds j College.'] Take of the best Rhubarb and 
 half an ounce, Saffron one dram, let the | Senna of each two ounces and an half, 
 Senna be steeped in the juices twenty-four ! Violet flowers a handful, Cinnamon one 
 hours, and after a boil or two strain it, } dram and an half, Ginger half a dram, 
 and with two pounds of white sugar boil j Bettony, Succory and Bugloss Water of 
 it to a Syrup according to art, the saffron | each one pound and an half, let them be 
 being tied up in a rag, and often crushed] mixed together warm all night, and in the 
 in the boiling. I morning strained and boiled into a 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 307 
 
 with two pounds of white sugar, adding j provokes the menses, purges the stomach 
 
 towards the end four ounces of Syrup of j and liver, and provokes urine. 
 
 Roses. Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus cum Helleboro. 
 
 Culpeper.] It cleanses choler and melon- \ Qr g of Roseg solutive with Hellebore, 
 choly very gently, and is therefore fit for , College] Take of the bark of all the 
 children, old people, and weak bodies, j Myrobalans,ofeach four ounces, bruise them 
 You may add an ounce of it to the Decoc- J grosslj5 and steep them twenty-four hours 
 tion of Epithimum or to the f j in twe , ye pounds of the i nfusion of Roses 
 
 kenna. : before spoken, Senna, Epithimum, Polypo- 
 
 Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus. , dium of the Qak> of each four ounceS) 
 
 Or Syrup of Roses solutive. | C]oves an ouncCj Citron seec]Sj Liquorice, 
 
 College.'] Take of Spring Water boiling j' of each four ounceSj the bark of b]ack 
 hot four pounds, Damask lose leaves j Hellebore roots six drams, let the fourth 
 fresh, as many as the water will contain; j t of [hc H u exhalej strain ^ 
 
 let them remain twelve hours in infusion, j and wjth five pounds of sn and sixteen 
 close stopped; then press them out and put j drams of Rhubarb tied up in a ]inen ra 
 in fresh Rose leaves; do so nine tunes in the | make it inlo a s according to art . 
 same hquor, encreasing the quantity of the; Culpeper] The Syrup, rightly used, 
 Roses as the hquor encreases, which will be j melancholy, resists madness, 
 
 almost by the third part every time : j ^^ 
 
 Jake six parts of this liquor, and with tour J ^ . 
 
 parts of white sugar, boil it to a Syrup \ Or Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna, 
 according to art College.] Take of Senna six ounces, 
 
 Culpeper.] It loosens the belly, and j Caraway, and sweet Fennel see ds, of each 
 
 gently brings out choler and flegm, but \ ^f. drams sprinkle them with white Wine, 
 
 leaves a binding quality behind it. 1 and T lnfuse r them two days in three pounds 
 
 Syrupm e succo Rosarum. \ ot the mfus ; on . u of Roses aforesaid, then 
 
 Or Syrup of the Juice of Roses. i strain * and Wlth two P ounds of su S ar bo11 
 
 College.'] It is prepared without steep- j Jt "J^ a % r up ; 
 
 ing, only with the ]uice of Damask Roses 5 Culpeper.-] It purges the body of choler 
 pressed out, and clarified, and an equal j and me l lan 1 cl ?'-> r ' and e .xpe s the relics a 
 proportion of sugar added to it. 5 dlsease hath left bemnd ll - the d f e ! s from 
 
 Culpcper.-] This is like the other. ! n e ounce to ^o, you may take it in a 
 
 Syrupy* Rosaceus solutivus cum Agarico. \ Decoction of Senna, it leaves a bindm* 
 OP Syrup of Roses solutive with Agarick. [ q uallt J behind ll - 
 
 College.'] Take of Agarick cut thin an \ Syrupus de Spina Cennna. 
 
 ounce, Ginger two drams, Sal. Gem. one i Or Syrup of Purging Thorn, 
 
 dram, Polipodium bruised two ounces,! College.] Take of the berries of Purging 
 sprinkle them with white Wine and steep | Thorn, gathered in September, as many as 
 them two days over warm ashes, in a pound I you will, bruise them in a stone mortar, and 
 and an half of the infusion of Damask j press out the juice, let the fourth part of it 
 Roses prescribed before, and with one 5 evaporate away in a bath, then to two 
 pound of sugar boil it into a Syrup accord- \ pounds of it add sixteen ounces of white 
 iug to art. | sugar, boil it into a Syrup, which perfume 
 
 Culpeper. J It purges flegm from the j with Mastich, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Anni- 
 head, relieves the senses oppressed by it, seeds in fine powder, of each three drams. 
 
 } 4 K 
 
308 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 5 it be thick, and with one pound of Honey, 
 
 SYRUPS MADE WITH VINEGAR 
 AND HONEY. 
 
 Mel Anthosatum. 
 Or Honey of Rosemary Flowers. 
 
 boil it to the thickness of Honey. 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is a good preservative in 
 pestilential times, a spoonful being taken 
 as soon as you are up. 
 
 Mel Passalatum. 
 
 College."] Take of fresh Rosemary ? Or Honey of Raisins, 
 
 flowers a pound, clarified Honey three j College."] Take of Raisins of the sun 
 pounds, mix them in a glass with a narrow \ cleansed from the stones two pounds, steep 
 mouth, set them in the sun, keep them for i them in six pounds of warm water, the next 
 use. S day boil it half away, and press it strongly, 
 
 Culpeper J] It hath the same virtues with j ar *d with two pounds of Honey, let the 
 Rosemary flowers, to which I refer you, j expressed liquor boil to its thickness, 
 only by reason of the Honey it may be j Culpeper.~] It is a pretty pleasing medi- 
 somewhat cleansing. j cine for such as are in consumptions, and 
 
 Mel Helleboratum. \ are bound in b dy. 
 
 Or Honey Hclleborated. Me J( Rosatum commune, sive Foliatum. 
 
 College.-] Take of white Hellebore roots j r 7 , Or -F 01 " " ^ n 7 R SeS> 
 bruised a pound, clear Water fourteen! Co ^-J rak e of red Roses not quite 
 pounds, after three days infusion, boil it P en . tw P ounds ' H ne y slx P ounds set 
 till half be consumed, then strain it dili- them m the sun according to art. 
 gently, and with tnree pounds of Honey, n ^el Rosatinn Colatum. 
 
 boil it to the thickness of Honey. 0r 1 Ho " e { ot g 08 ? st ned. 
 
 M j M . j College.] Take of the best clarified 
 
 Honey ten pounds, juice of fresh red Roses 
 
 Or Honey of Mercury. one pou nd, set it handsomely over the fire, 
 
 College. j Boil three pounds of the juice I an d when it begins to boil, put in four 
 
 of Mercury, with two pounds of Honey to j pou nds of fresh red Roses, the whites being 
 
 the thickness of Honey. \ cut ofl f . the j uice being consume d by boil- 
 
 Cnlpeper.] It is used as an emollient in j i ng an a st irring, strain it and keep it for 
 
 clysters. j use> 
 
 Mel Morornm, vel Diamoron. Culpeper.'] They are both used for di- 
 
 Or Honey of Mulberries. j eases in the mouth. 
 
 College.'] Take of the juice of Mulberries! Mel Rosatum solulivum. . 
 
 and Blackberries, before they be ripe, j Or Honey of Roses solutive. 
 
 gathered before the sun be up, of each aj College.'] Take of the often infusion of 
 pound an a half, Honey two pounds, boil ; Damask Roses five pounds, Honey rightly 
 them to their due thickness. j clarified four pounds, boil it to the thick- 
 
 Culptper."] It is vulgarly known to be | ness of Honey. 
 
 good for sore mouths, as also to cool in-j CttlpcperJ] It is used as a laxative in 
 
 flammations there. [ clysters, and some use it to cleanse wounds. 
 
 Mfl Nuceum, alias, Diacarion et Dianucum.\ College.'] After the same manner is pro- 
 
 Or Honey of Nuts. | pared Honey of the infusion of red Roses. 
 
 College.'] Take of the juice of the out- j Mel scilliticinn. 
 
 ward bark of green Walnuts, gathered in Or Honey of Sqmls. 
 
 thedoir days two pounds, boil it gently till; College.] Take one Squil full of juice, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 309 
 
 cut in bits, and put it in a glass vessel, the > Squills prepared, Birthwort, long, round, 
 mouth close stopped, and covered with a ? and climbing, Turbith, English Orris, Costus, 
 skin, set in the sun forty days, to wit, twenty | Poly podium, Lemon pills, of each an 
 before and after the rising of the dog star, j ounce, the strings of black Hellebqre, 
 then open the vessel, and take the juice I Spurge, Agerick, added at the end of the 
 
 which lies at the bottom, and preserve it 
 with the best Honey. 
 
 Decoction, of each two drams, the bark of 
 white Hellebore half an ounce, let all of 
 
 College.] Honey of Violets is prepared them being dried and bruised, be digested 
 like as Honey of Roses. in a glass, or glazed vessel close stopped, 
 
 Oxymel, simple. \ in the heat of the sun, or of a furnace, 
 
 College^] Take of the best Honey four I Posca, made of equal parts of Water and 
 pounds, clear Water and white Wine Vine- j Vinegar, eight pounds, Sapa two ounces, 
 gar, of each two pounds, boil them in an j three days being expired, boil it little more 
 earthen vessel, taking the scum off with \ than half away, strain it, pressing it gently, 
 a wooden scummer, till it be come to the i and add to the liquor a pound and a half 
 
 consistence of a Syrup. 
 
 CulpcpcrJ] It cuts flegm, and it is a good 
 
 preparative against a vomit, 
 
 Oxymel compound. 
 
 of Honey Roses, wherein two ounces of 
 Citron pills 'have been infused, boil it to 
 
 the thickness of Hone} r , and perfume it 
 <with Cloves, Saffron, Ginger, Galanga, 
 College^] Take of the Bark of the Root j Mace, of each a dram. 
 of Fennel, Smallage, Parsley, Bruscus, \ Oxymel Julianizans. 
 
 Asparagus, of each two ounces, the seeds oh College^ Take of the Bark of Caper 
 Fennel, Smallage, Parsley, Annis, of each; roots, the roots of Orris, Fennel, Parsley, 
 
 one ounce, steep them all (the roots being; 
 first cleansed and the seeds bruised) in six 
 
 Bruscus, Chicory, Sparagus, Cypress, of 
 each half an ounce, the leaves of Harts- 
 
 pounds of clear Water and a pound and a \ tongue, Schaenanth, Tamarisk, of each half 
 half of Wine Vinegar, the next day boil it j a handful, sweet Fennel seed half an ounce, 
 to the consumption of the third part, boil \ infuse them in three pounds of Posca, which 
 
 the rest being strained, with three pounds 
 of Honey into a liquid Syrup according to 
 
 art. 
 
 is something sour, afterwards boil it till half 
 be consumed, strain it, and Avith Honey and 
 | sugar clarified, of each half a pound, boil it 
 CulpeperJ] First having bruised the roots ! to the thickness of Honey, 
 and seeds, boil th in the water till half! Culpeper.~\ This medicine is very open- 
 be consumed, then strain it and add the? ing, very good againstHypocondriacmelan- 
 
 Honey, and when it is almost boiled enough, 
 
 choly, and as fit a medicine as can be for 
 
 that disease in children called the Rickets. 
 
 College.] Oxymel of Squills simple, is 
 
 ; made of three pounds of clarified Honey ; 
 
 add the Vinegar. 
 
 Oxymel Helleboratum. 
 Or Oxymel Helleborated. 
 
 College."] Take of Rue, Thyme, Dittany j Vinegar of Squills two pounds, boil them 
 of Crete, Hyssop, Pennyroyal, Horehound, I according to art. 
 
 Carduus, the roots of Celtick, Spikenard \ Culpeper.'] It cuts and divides humours 
 without leaves, the inner bark of Elders, of j that are tough and viscous, and therefore 
 ach a handful, Mountain Calaminth two j helps the stomach and bowels afflicted by 
 pugils, the seeds of Annis, Fennel, Baziljsuch humours, and sour belchings. If you 
 Roman Nettles, Dill, of each two drams, ] take but a spoonful in the morning, an able 
 the roots of Angelica, Marsh-mallows, Aron, ' body will think enough. 
 
310 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Oxymel Sdlliticum compositits. ' infirmities, weaknesses, or failings thereof 
 
 OrOxymelof Squills compound. as want of voice, difficulty of breathing, 
 
 College.'] Take of Origanum, dried j coughs, hoarseness, catharrs, &c. The way 
 Hyssop, Thyme, Lovage, Cardamoms the : of taking it is with a Liquorice-stick, or it 
 less, Stoechas, of each five drams, boil them ? you please, you may add an ounce of it to 
 in three pounds of Water to one, strain it\lhe Pectoral Decoction before mentioned, 
 and with two pounds of Honey, Honey of: Syrup of Poppies, the lesser composition, 
 Raisins half a pound, juice of Briony five? College^] Take of the heads of white 
 ounces, Vinegar of Squills a pound and a i Poppies and black, when both of them are 
 half, boil it, and scum it according to art. ! green, of each six ounces, the seeds of 
 
 Culpeperf] This is good against the fall- ! Lettice, the flowers of Violets, of each one 
 ing-sickness, Megrim, Head-ache, Vertigo, i ounce, boil them in eight pints of water till 
 or swimming in the head, and if these be! the virtue is out of the heads; then strain 
 occasioned by the stomach as many times; them, and with four pounds of sugar boil 
 they are, it helps the lungs obstructed by j the liquor to a Syrup, 
 humour, and is good for women not well; Syrup of Poppies, the greater composition* 
 cleansed after labour, it opens the passage j College.'] Take of the heads of both 
 of the womb. \ white and black Poppies, seeds and all, of 
 
 Syrup of Purslain. Mesue. ! each fifty drams, Maiden-hair, fifteen drains, 
 
 College.'] Take of the seeds of Purslain \ Liquorice, five drams, Jujubes, thirty by 
 
 Grossly bruised, half a pound, of the juice of | number, Lettice seeds, forty drams, of the 
 Indive, boiled and clarified, two pounds, j seeds of Mallows and Quinces, (tied up in 
 Sugar two pounds, Vinegar .nine ounces, ; a thin linen cloth) of each one dram and 
 infuse the seeds in the juice of Endive; an half, boil these in eight pints of watei 
 twenty-four hours, afterwards boil it half I till five pints be consumed, when you have 
 away with a gentle fire, then strain it, and | strained out the three pints remaining, add 
 boilitwith the sugar to the consistence of; to them, Penids and white sugar, of each 
 a Syrup, adding the Vinegar towards the! a pound, boil them into a Syrup according 
 latter end of the decoction. 1 to art. 
 
 CiilpeperJ] It is a pretty cooling Syrup, j Culpeper.'] All these former Syrups of 
 fit for any hot disease incident to the \ Poppies provoke sleep, but in that, I desire 
 stomach, reins, bladder, matrix, or liver ; j they may be used with a great deal of can- 
 it thickens flegm, cools the blood, and pro-^tion and wariness: such as these are not 
 vokes sleep. You may take an ounce of it fit to be given in the beginning of fevers, 
 at a time when you have occasion. \ nor to such whose bodies are costive, yet to 
 
 Compound Syrup of Colt's-foot. Renpd. I such as are troubled with hot, sharp rheums, 
 
 College.'] Take six handfuls of green j you may safely give them : The last is ap- 
 Colt's-toot, two handfuls of Maiden-hair, j propriated to the lungs ; It prevails against 
 one handful of Hyssop, and two ounces of j dry coughs, phthisicks, hot and sharp gnaw- 
 Liquorice, boil them in four pints, either of j ing rheums, and provokes sleep. It is an 
 rain or spring water till the fourth part be I usual fashion for nurses when they have 
 consumed, then strain it, and clarify it, to Cheated their milk by exercise or strong liquor 
 which add three pounds of white sugar, : then run for Syrup of Poppies to make 
 boil it to the perfect consistence of a Syrup. 1 their young ones sleep. I would fain have 
 
 Culpeper.] The composition is appro-) that fashion left off, therefore I forbear the 
 priated to the lungs, and therefore helps the I dose : Let nurses keep their own bodies 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 311 
 
 temperate, and their children will sleep ; the sun, or the fire, that it is capable o/ 
 well enough. j being kept safe from putrefaction. 2. Its 
 
 Sump of Eupaiorium (or Maudlin. ) Mesue. juse was first invented for diseases in the 
 College^] Take of the Roots of Smallage, j mouth. 3 It is usually made, in respec 
 Fennel, and Succory, of each two ounces, j of body, somewhat thicker than new Honey. 
 Liquorice, Scluenanth, Dodder, Worm- j 4. It may be kept about a year, little more 
 wood, Roses, of each six drams, Maiden- j or less. 
 
 hair, Bedeguar, or instead thereof, the roots Rob sife Sar>a, simplex. 
 
 of Carduus Marias, Suchaha or instead j Or Simple Kob, or Sapa. 
 
 thereof the roots of Avens, the flowers or j College.] Take of Wine newly pressed 
 roots of Bugloss, Annis seeds, sweet Fennel Ifrom white and ripe Grapes, boil it over a 
 seeds, Ageratum, or Maudlin, of each five \ gentle fire to the thickness of Honey, 
 drams, Rhubarb, Mastich, of each three! Culpeper.'] Whenever you read the 
 drams, Spikenard, Indian leaf, or instead of j word Rob, or Sapa throughout the Dispen- 
 it put Roman spike, of each two drams, i satory, simply quoted in any medicine with- 
 boil them in eight pints of Water till the ; out any relation of what it should be made, 
 
 third part be consumed, then strain the 
 
 this is that you ought to use. 
 
 Decoction, and with four pounds of sugar, \ Rob de Barberis. 
 
 clarified juice of Smallage and Endive, of j Or Rob of Barberries, 
 
 each half a pound, boil it into a Syrup. College^] Take of the juice of Barberries 
 
 Culpeper.'] It amends infirmities of the! strained as much as you will, boil it by it- 
 liver coming of cold, opens obstructions, helps | self Cor else by adding halt a pound of sugar 
 the dropsy, and evil slate of the body ; it ; to each pound of juice) to the thickness of 
 extenuates gross humour*- strengthens the 1 Honey 
 
 liver, provoake urine, and is a present suc- 
 cour for hypo;ondriac melancholy. You 
 may take an ounce at a time in the morning, 
 it opens but purges not. 
 
 Honey of Emblicks. Augustanus. 
 College J] 1'uke fifty Emblick My robalans, 
 
 Culpeper.] It quencnes thirst, closes 
 the mouth of the stomach, thereby staying 
 vomiting, and belching, it strengthens 
 stomachs weakened by heat, and procures 
 appetite. Of any of these Robs you may 
 take a little on the point of a knife when 
 
 bruise them and boil them in three pints of | you need. 
 
 water till two be consumed, strain it, and i Rob de Cerasis. 
 
 with the like weight of Honey, boil it into | Or Rob of Cherries. 
 
 a Syrup. College^] Take of the juice of red 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is a fine gentle purger both 
 of flegm and melancholy : it strengthens the 
 brain and nerves, and senses both internal 
 find external, helps tremblings of the heart, 
 
 Cherries somewhat sowerish, as much as 
 you will, and with half their Aveight in sugai 
 boil them like the former. 
 
 Culpeper.'] See the virtue of Cherries 
 
 stays vomiting, provokes appetite. You * and there you have a method to keep them 
 may take a spoonful at a time. :all the year. 
 
 Rob de Corni&. 
 Or Rob of Cornels. 
 
 ROB, OR SAPA: AND JUICES. College.-] Take of the juice of Cornels 
 
 ; two pounds, sugar a pound and an halt 
 
 Culpeper.'] 1. Rob, or Sapa, is the juice j boil it according to art, 
 f a fruit, made thick by the heat either of * Culpepir."] Of these Cornel trees 
 
812 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 two sorts, male and female, the fruit of the I Betony, only in the last, the sugar and jmre 
 male Cornel, or Cornelian Cherry is hereto! must be equal in weight, 
 housed. The fruit of male Cornel, binds! Sticcits Glycyrrhiza simplex. 
 
 exceedingly, and therefore good in fluxes,; Or Juice of Liquorice simple, 
 
 and the immoderate flowing of the menses. | College.'] Infuse Liquorice Roots cleansed 
 Rob Cydoniorum. jand gently bruised, three days in Spring 
 
 Or Rob of Quinces. I Water, so much that it may ovei-top the 
 
 College.'] Take of the clarified juice of! roots the breadth of three fingers, then boil 
 Quinces, boil it till two parts be consumed \ u a llttle ' and P rc>ss ll hard out anti h()l1 the 
 and with its equal weight in sugar boil itj lic l uor Wlth a S ent ) e fireto lts due thickness, 
 into a Rob Gtt/pepeKJ It is vulgarly known to be 
 
 Miva vel Gelatin* Eorundem. iS ood against coughs, colds, &c. and a 
 
 f\ T 11 c /-v ;stren "tinier or tlie limes. 
 
 iri n i Vi y ? i Quinces ' - Succiu Glycyrrlnzce eowpnatia. 
 
 College.-] Take of the juice of Quinces | Qr Juice </ L ' iquorice compound, 
 clarified twelve pounds, bo, it half away, C(rf/ -j Tafce the wat( / of tcIK!( , r 
 and add to the remainder old white Wine; Qakleavcs ofScubiou s,of eachfou r pounds, 
 five pounds, consume the third part over a| E lish Liquorice SC raped and bruised two 
 gentle fire, taking away the s-cum (all you! po nd bo li them by degrees till thev be 
 ought) let the rest settle, and strain it, and j^ then out ^ he ,-- quor strong f v in 
 
 with three pounds ot sugar boil it accord- 
 ing to art. 
 
 a press, to which add three pounds of juice 
 
 * -. T , f of Hyssop, and dry it away in the sun in a 
 
 Culpcper.} Both are good for weak and j broa( -j car ' then vesse i 
 
 indisposed stomachs. Culpeper.1 The virtues are the same with 
 
 Co/ieire.J Kob of sour Plums is made as 5 ^ f on ,i er 
 
 Rob of Quinces, the use of sugar is indif- ^ tff p rmonm Syhestrnm. 
 
 ferent in them both Qr Jujce of s , oeSi ca , led Acada 
 
 Rob of English Currants is made in the College.-] Take of Sloes hardly riw, 
 
 same manner, let the juice be clarified. t ^ ^ and make it thick ^ u 
 
 Lulpeper.] I he virtues arc the same with C ^ 
 
 Rob of Barberries. cilpeper."} It stops fluxes, and procures 
 
 Rob Baccnnnn Sambnci appetite. 
 
 Or Rob of Elder Berries. College.'] So are the Juices of Worm- 
 
 College.-] Take of the juice of Elder j wood, Maudlin, and Fumitory made thick, 
 Berries, and make it thick with the help of ! to wit, the herbs bruised while they be 
 a gentle fire, either by itself, or a quarter off tender, and the juice pressed out and after 
 its weight in sugar being added. lit be clarified, boil over the fire to its just 
 
 CulpeperJ] Both Rob of Elder Berries, [thickness/ 
 and Dwarf-Elder, are excellent for such I 
 whose bodies are inclining to dropsies, 
 
 neither let them neglect nor despise it.j LOHOC H 5 R ECLEGMATA 
 I hey may take the quantity of a nutmeg J 
 
 each morning, it will gently purgethe watery j Culptper.'] Because this word also is tin- 
 humour. ; derstood but by few, we will first explain 
 
 College.-] In the same nianner is made] what it is. 1. The word fjohoch is an Ara- 
 Rob of Dwarf-Elder, Junipers, and Paul's 1 bick word, called in Greek Eclegma, in 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 Latin Luictus, and signifies ;i thing to be j troubled with pleurises to take now and then 
 
 licked up. 2. It is in respect of body, : a little of it 
 
 something thicker than a Syrup, and not so ; Lohoch e Passulis. 
 
 tliick as an electuary. 3. Its use was \ Or Lohoch of Raisins. 
 
 *^ * - m . * / 1 T\ 
 
 rice stick, bruised at the end, to take up j and press them strongly, and by adding a 
 some and retain it in the mouth, till it melt i pound of Raisins bruised, boil it again, 
 
 pressing it through a linen cloth, then with 
 a pound of white sugar, make it into a 
 
 of its own accord. 
 
 Lohoch according to art. 
 
 Lohoch de Farfara. 
 
 Or Lohoch of Coltsfoot. 
 -i m i c r< I* r i Cvlpeper.l It is very good against coughs, 
 
 College.-] Takeof Colts-foot roots cleans- consu ^ tio i s of the j* a d olher v f ces 
 ed eight ounces Marsh-mallow roots four <)f . he and . g ^ iveu tQ chjj . 
 ounces cleansed, boil them ma sufficient , for guch dh a ^ for conyul . 
 
 quantity of water, and press the pulp out ri d fal ii ng . sickne s S . 
 
 through a sieve, dissolve this again- in the^ Lohoch t Pino 
 
 Decoction, and let it boil once or twice, | Qr Lohoch of Pin ; nuts- 
 
 then take it from the fire, and add two Co// ]Takeo f Pine-nuts, fifteen drams, 
 pounds of white sugar, Honey of Rawnsj t / |m j ond Hazel Nuts gen tly roasted, 
 fourteen ounces juice of Liquorice two j Gum Arabick and Tragacan r h , powder and 
 drams and an half, stir them stout y with a j. ice of Liquorice wl ^ te Sta rch, Maiden- 
 wooden pestle, mean season sprinkle in Sat- j-j^. Orris * of ^ two d ^ 
 frcn and Cloves, of each a scruple, Cmmi-;| ul of Dates seventeen A hitter 
 mon and Mace of each two scruples, make : A]rnonds one dram and an half Honcy of 
 them into a Lohoch according to art. R&isin whjte s and fresh Butte of 
 Culpcper.] It was invented tor the cough. \ it 
 
 two ouncesHoney pound ancl an 
 
 Lohoch de Papaverc. \ ^.^ d i sso i ve the Gums in so much Decbc- 
 
 Or Lohoch of Poppies. jtion of Maiden-hair as is sufficient ; let the 
 
 College.'] Take white Poppy seeds twenty j rest be mixed over a gentle fire, and stirred, 
 four drams, sweet Almonds blanched in | that so it may be made into a Lohoch. 
 Rose Water, Pine-nuts cleansed, Gum Ara- 1 Culpeper.'] The medicine is excellent for 
 bick and Tragacanth, of each ten drams, 5 continual coughs, and difficulty of breath- 
 juice of Liquorice an ounce, Starch three! ing, it succours such as are asthmatic, for it 
 drams, the seeds of Lettuce, Purslain, j cuts and atenuates tough humours in tike 
 Quinces, of each half an ounce, Saffron a * breast. 
 
 dram, Penids four ounces, Syrup of Mcco-| Lohoch de Portitlaca. 
 
 nium three pounds, make it into a Lohoch | Or Lohoch of Purslain; 
 
 according to art. College^] Take of the strained Juice of 
 
 CulpeperJ] It helps salt, sharp and thin j Purslain two pounds, Troches of Twra 
 distillations upon the lungs, it allays the j Lemniatwu drains, Troches of Am her, Gum, 
 fury of such sharp humours, which occasion : Arabic. Dragon's-blood of each one dram, 
 both roughness of the throat, want of sleep. | Lapis Hemaiitis,l\w wool of a Hare toasted, 
 fevers; it is excellent for such as are j of each i\vo scruples, white Sugar on<- 
 
314 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 pound, mix them together, that so you may \ Lohoch Scilliticum. 
 
 make a Lohoch of them. Or Lohoch of Squils. 
 
 Culpeper.] The medicine is so binding! College.] Take three drams of a Squil 
 that it is better let alone than taken, unless ! baked in paste, Orris Roots two drams, 
 in inward bruises when men spit blood, then i Hyssop, Hore-hound, of each one dram, 
 may safely take a little of it. i Saffron, Myrrh, of each half a dram, Honey 
 
 Lohoch e Pulmone Vulpis. \ two ounces and an half > bruise the 
 
 Or Lohoch of Fox Lungs. 
 College] Take of Fox Lungs rightly 
 
 after it is baked, in a stone mortar, and after 
 it hath boiled a walm ortwo with the Honey, 
 
 College.] lake oi *ox lAmgs ngntiy put in the rest of the th i ngs in powder, 
 prepared, juice of Liquorice, Maiden-hair, } diligently stirring it, and make it into a 
 Anms-seeds, sweet Fennel seeds, of each { Lohoch accordi ng to art. 
 equal parts, Sugar dissolved in Cdt's-foot, \ Eclegma of Squils. Mesue. 
 
 and Scabious Water, and boiled into a| College.-] Take of the juice of Squils 
 Syrup, three times their weight; the rest! and Honey, both of them clarified, of car}, 
 being in fine powder, let them be put to it| two pounc j s , boil them together according 
 and strongly stirred together, that it may be j to art to the cons i stence o f Honey. 
 made into a Lohoch according to art. Culptterti For the virtues of it see Vine- 
 
 Culpeper.-} It cleanses and unites ulcers | gar O f.$ qu n 8j anc i Qximel of Squils, only 
 in the lungs and breast, and is a present \ this is more mi | dj and not so harsh to the 
 remeuy in phthisicks. j throat} because it hath no Vinegar in it, and 
 
 Lohoch samim et Expertum. 
 Or a sound and well experienced Lohoch. 
 
 therefore is far more fitting for dsthmaes, 
 and such as are troubled with difficulty of 
 
 College.-] Take of dried Hyssop and I breathing, it cuts and carries away humours 
 Calaminth, of each half an ounce, Jujubes, : from the breast, be they thick or thin, and 
 Sebestens, the stones being taken out, fifteen i wonderfully helps indigestion of victuals, 
 Raisins of the Sun stoned, fat Figs, Dates, j and eases pains in the breast, and for this, 
 of each two ounces, Linseed, Fenugreek i I quote the authority of Galen. 
 seed, of each five drams, Maiden-hair one ; Lohoch of Coleworts. Gordonius. 
 handful, Annis-seeds, sweet Fennel seeds, \ College.] Take one pound of the juice 
 Orris Roots cut, Liquorice, Cinnamon, of j of Coleworts, clarified Saffron three drams, 
 each an ounce, boil them according to art \ clarified Honey, and Sugar, of each half a 
 in four pounds of clear water till half be j pound, make of them a Lohoch according 
 consumed, and with two pounds of Penids j to art. 
 
 boil it into a Syrup, afterwards cut and \ Culpeper.-] It helps hoarseness, and loss 
 bruise very small Pine-nuts five drams, sweet of voice, eases surfeitsand head-ache coining 
 
 drunkenness, and opens obstructions of 
 the liver and spleen, and therefore is good 
 for that disease in children called the rickets 
 
 Almonds blanched, Liquorice, Gum Tra- 
 gacanth and Arabick, white Starch of each 
 three drams, let these be put into the Syrup 
 when it is off the fire, and stir it about 
 swiftly with a wooden pestle till it look white. 
 
 Culpeper.] It succors the breast, lungs, j PRESERVED ROOTS, STALKS, 
 throat, oppressed by cold ,t restores thej BARKS, FLOWERS, FRUITS, 
 voice lost by reason ot cod, ard attenuates > 
 
 thick and gross humours in the breast and* College.] Take of Erin go Roots as many 
 lungs. as you will, cleanse them without and within. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 315 
 
 the pith being taken out, steep them two* then having pulped them through a sieve, 
 days in clear water, shifting the water some- ? that they are free from the stones, boil it 
 times, then dry them with a cloth, then j again in an earthen vessel over a gentle fire, 
 take their equal weight in white Sugar, and j often stirring them for fear of burning, til! 
 as much Rose-water as will make it into a ? the watery humour be consumed, then mix 
 Syrup, which being almost boiled, put in 1 ten pounds of sugar with six pounds of this 
 the roots, and let them boil until the mois-Jpulp, boil it to its due thickness. Broom 
 ture be consumed, and let it be brought to j buds are also preserved, but with brine and 
 the due body of a Syrup. Not much un-j vinegar, and so are Olives and Capers 
 iike to this are preserved the roots of Acorus, i Lastly, Amongst the Barks, Cinnamon, 
 Angelica, Borrage, Bugloss, Succory, Ele- j amongst the flowers, Roses, and Marigolds 
 cam pane, Burnet, Satyrion, Sicers, Comfrey ,i amongst the fruits, Almonds, Cloves, Pine- 
 the greater, Ginger, Zedoary. Take of the: nuts, and Fislick-nuts, are said to be pre- 
 stalks of Artichokes, not too ripe, as many ! served but with this difference, they are 
 as you will, and (contrary to the roots) take | encrusted with dry sugar, and are more 
 only the pith of these, and preserve them t called confects than preserves, 
 with their equal weight in sugar, like the | 
 former. So is prepared the stalks ofi 
 
 Angelica, Burs, Lettuce, &c before they be j CON SERVES AND SUGARS, 
 too ripe. Take of fresh Orange pills asf 
 
 many as you will, take away the exterior: College..'] Conserves of the herbs of 
 yellowness, and steep them in spring Avater j Worm wood, Sorrel, Wood-sorrel, the flowers 
 three days at the least, often renewing the ! of Oranges, Borrage, Bugloss, Beltony, 
 water, then preserve them like the former. 'Marigolds, the Tops of Carcluus, the Flowers 
 In like manner are Lemon and Citron pills | of Centaury the less, Clove-gilh'flowers, 
 preserved. Preserve the flowers of Citrons, \ Germander, Succory, the Leaves of Scurvy- 
 Oranges, Borrage, Primroses, with Sugar, j grass, the flowers of Comfrey the greater, 
 according to art. Take of Apricots asiCitratiae, Cinosbati, the roots of Spurge, 
 many as you will, take away the outer skin j herbs and flowers of Eye-bright, the tops 
 and the stones, and mix them with their? of Fumitory, Goat's-rue, the flowers of 
 like weight in sugar, after four hours take \ Broom not quite open, Hyssop, Lavender, 
 them out, and boil the Sugar without any j white Lilies, Lilies of the Valley, Marjoram, 
 other Liquor, then put them in again, and | Mallows, the tops of Bawm, the leaves of 
 boil them a little. Other Fruits may be | Mints, the flowers of Water Lilies, red 
 preserved in the same manner, or at * Poppies, Peony, Peaches, Primroses, Roses, 
 least not much unlike to it, as whole Bar- 1 the leaves of Rue, the flowers of Sage, Elder 
 berries, Cherries, Cornels, Citrons, Quinces, j Scabious, the leaves of Scordium, the 
 Peaches, common Apples, the five sorts of j flowers of Limetree, Coltsfoot, Violets, with 
 Myrobalans, Hazel Nuts, Walnuts, Nut- Jail these are conserves made with their treble 
 megs, Raisins of the Sun, Pepper brought j proportion of white sugar ; yet note, hat 
 green from India, Plums, garden and wild jail of them must not be mixed alike, some 
 Pears, Grapes. Pulps are also preserved, J of them must be cut, beaten, and gently 
 ;s Barberries, Cassia Fistula, Citrons, : boiled, some neither cut, beaten nor boiled 
 Cinosbatus, Quinces, and Sloes, &c. Take land some admit but one of them, which 
 01 Barberries as many as you will, boil { every artist in his trade may find out by 
 them in spring water till they are tender, j this premonition and avoid error. 
 
 4 M 
 
316 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 CulpeperJ] The title shews you the vir- 
 
 Qnr ATJQ 1 tues of it. 
 
 bULrAitb. c-7 T> -J- 
 
 Saccharum renidium, 
 
 Ditteodiwn Solidum, sire Tabulatnni. Or Sugar Penids 
 
 College.'] Take of white Poppy heads, j College.] Are prepared of sugar dis- 
 meanly ripe, and newly gathered, twenty, j solved in spring water by a gentle fire, and 
 steep them in three pounds of warm spring j the whites of Eggs diligently beaten, and 
 water, and the next day boil them until the : clarified once, and again whilst it is boiling, 
 virtue is out, then strain out tlie liquor, and : then strain it and boil it gently again, till 
 with a sufficient quantity of good sugar, i it rise up in great bubbles, and being chewed 
 boil it according to art, that you may make it stick not to your teeth, then pour it upon 
 it up into Lozenges. j a marble, anointed with oil of Almonds, 
 
 Culpeper. The virtues are the same with : (let the bubbles first sink, after it is removed 
 the common Diacodium, viz. to provoke * from the fire) bring back the outsides of it 
 sleep, and help thin rheums in the head, ; to the middle till it look like Larch rosin . 
 coughs, and roughness of the throat, and then, your hands being rubbed with white 
 may easily be carried about in one's pocket, j starch, you may draw it into threads eithei 
 
 Saccharum tabulatum simplex, et perlutum. \ short or long, thick or thin, and let it cool 
 
 Or Lozenges of Sugar both simple and fin what form you please. 
 
 pearled. \ Culpeper. .] I remember country people. 
 
 College^] The first is made by pouring j were wont to take them for coughs, and they 
 the sugar upon a marble, after a sufficient ! are sometimes used in other compositions, 
 boiling in half its weight in Damask Rose j Confectio de Thure. 
 
 Water : And the latter by adding to every \ Or Confection of Frankincense, 
 
 pound of the former towards the latter end j College.'] Take Coriander seeds prepared 
 of the decoction, Pearls, prepared and j half an ounce, Nutmegs, white Frankin- 
 bruised, half an ounce, with eight or ten i cense, of each three drams, Liquorice, 
 leaves of gold. j Mastich, of each two drams, Cubebs, HartV 
 
 Culpcper] It is naturally cooling, ap-? horn prepared, of each one dram, conserve 
 propriated to the heart, it restores lost \ of Red roses an ounce, white Sugar as much 
 strength, takes away burning fevers, and -as is sufficient to make it into mean bits, 
 false imaginations, (I mean that with Pearls, * Culpeper] J cannot boast much of the 
 for that without Pearls is ridiculous) it hath j rarity nor virtues of this receipt, 
 the same virtues Pearls have. Saccharum Rosatum. 
 
 Saccharum Tabulatum compositum. Or Sugar of Roses. 
 
 Or Lozenges of Sugar compound. | College.] Take of red Rose eaves, the 
 
 College.'] Take of choice Rhubarb four; whites being cut off, and speedily dried in 
 scruples, Agarick Trochiscated, Corallins, j the sun an ounce, white Sugar a pound, 
 burnt Hart's-horn, Dittany of Crete, Worm- \ melt the Sugar in Rose-water and juice of 
 seed and Sorrel seed, of each a scruple, \ Roses of each two ounces which being con- 
 Cinnamon, Zedoary, Cloves, Saffron, of each ! sumcd by degrees, put in the Rose leaves in 
 half a scruple, white Sugar a pound, dis- \ powder, mix them, put it upon a marble, 
 solved in four ounces of Wormwood Water, \ and make it into Lozenges according to art. 
 Wormwood Wine, an ounce, Cinnamon j Culpeper.'] As for the virtues of this, it 
 Water a spoonful, with the forenamed pow- 5 strengthens weak stomachs, weak nearts, 
 dersmakei into Lozenges according to art. ! and weak brains, restores such as are jn 
 
AJND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 317 
 
 consumptions, restores lost strength, stays \ oricntial Bezoar, of each half an ounce, 
 liuxes, eases pains in the head, ears and I powder of the black tops of Crab's claws, 
 eyes, helps spitting, vomiting, and urining the weight of them all, beat them into pow- 
 of blood ; it is a fine commodity for a man | der, which may be made into balls with 
 in a consumption to carry about with him, } jelly, and the skins which our vipers have 
 and eat now and then a bit. ; cast off, warily dried and kept for use. 
 
 ^^^__^ CulpeperJ] This is that powder they 
 
 j ordinarily call Gctscoigns powder, there are 
 
 SPECIES, OR POWDERS. } di . ve , rs receipts of it, of which this is none 
 
 I or the worst, four, or five, or six grains is 
 
 Aromaticum Caryophyllatum. \ excellently good in a fever to betaken in any 
 
 College^] Take of Cloves seven drams, j cordial, for it cheers the heart and vital 
 Mace, Zedoary, Galanga the less, yellow | spirits exceedingly, and makes them im- 
 Sanders, Troches, Diarrhodon, Cinnamon, : pregnable. 
 
 wood of Aloes, Indian Spikenard, long: Specie* Cordiales Teniperatte. 
 
 Pepper, Cardamoms the less, of each a dram, | College.'] Take of wood of Aloes, Spodium 
 Red Roses four ounces, Gallia Moschata, | of each a dram, Cinnamon, Cloves, bone of 
 Liquorice, of each two drams, of Indian j a Stag's-heart, the roots of Angelica, A vens, 
 leaf, Cubebs of each two scruples, beat them j and Torrnentil, of each a dram and an half, 
 all diligently into powder. i Pearls prepared six drams, raw Silk toasted, 
 
 Culpeper^\ This powder strengthens the ! both sorts of Coral of each two drams, 
 
 heart and stomach, helps digestion, expels 
 wind, stays vomiting, and cleanses the 
 
 Jacinth, Emerald, Samphire, of each half a 
 dram, Saffron a scruple, the leaves of gold 
 
 stomach of putrified humors. 5 and silver, of each ten, make them into 
 
 Aromaticum Rose/turn. \ powder according to art. 
 
 College.'] Take of Red Roses exungu- j Citlpeper.'] It is a great cordial, a great 
 lated fifteen drams, Liquorice seven drams, I strengthener of the heart, and brain, 
 wood of Aloes, yellow Sanders, of each ; Diacalaminthe Simple. 
 
 three drams, Cinnamon five drams, Cloves,; College.] Take of Mountain Calaminth, 
 Mace, of each two drams and an half, Gum j Pennyroyal, Origanum, the seeds of Mace- 
 Arabic and Tragacanlh, of each eight \ donian Parsley, common Parsley, and 
 scruples, Nutmegs, Cardamoms the less, | Hartwort, of each two drams, the seeds of 
 Galanga of each one dram, Indian Spike- ! Smallage, the tops of Thyme of each half 
 nard two scruples, make it into a powder to i an ounce, the seeds of Lovage, black 
 be kept in a glass for use. Pepper, of each an ounce, make them into 
 
 Culpeper.'] It strengthens the brain, | powder according to art. 
 heart and stomach, and all such internal ! Citlpeper.] It heats and comforts cold 
 members as help towards decoction, it helps j bodies, cuts thick and gross flegm, provokes 
 digestion, consumes the watery excrements I urine and the menses. I confess this differs 
 of the bowels, strengthens such as are pined j something from Galen, but is better for oui 
 away by reason of the violence of a disease, j bodies in my opinion than his. It expels 
 and restores such as are in consumption. 5 wind exceedingly, you may take half a 
 Pulvus ex chelim Cancrorum compositus. \ dram of the powder at a time. There is 
 
 Or Powder of Crab's claws compound. \ nothing surer than that all their powders 
 
 College^] Take of Pearls prepared, Crab's will keep better in Electuaries than they 
 eyes, red Coral, white Amber, Hart's-horn, ?Avill in powders, and into such a body, you 
 
a 18 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 may make it with two pound and an half of | ounce, Sugar-candy, Diatragacanthum 
 
 .!'! t i f,-v rmrt-rtl* A 1 C-Crvl 1T*A 1 11 Vr\Cf* ^trotO!* i Ai rr\ A n rv rf^f* OQ /" n t \t7rt fl rU TT ^ maL** t lt>m 
 
 white sugar dissolved in rose water. 
 
 Diacalamintha compound. 
 College.'] Take of Diacalamintha simple, 
 
 frigidum, of each two drama, make them 
 into powder. 
 
 Culpeper I] I do not mean the Diatraga- 
 
 half an ounce, the leaves of Horehound, | canthum frigidum, for that is in powder 
 Marjoram, Bawm, Mugwort, Savin dried, j before. It comforts the breast, is good in 
 of each a dram, Cypress roots, the seeds oil colds, coughs, and hoarseness. You may 
 Maddir and Rue, Mace, Cinnamon, of each j mix it with any pectoral Syrups which are 
 two scruples, beat them and mix them appropriated to the same, diseases, and so 
 diligently into a powder according to art. | take it with a Liquorice stick. 
 
 Culpepei .~] This seems to be more ap- 1 Dialacca. 
 
 propriated to the feminine gender than the! College. Take of Gum-lacca, prepare,! 
 former, viz. to bring down the terms, to $ Rhubarb, Schaenanth, of each three drams, 
 bring away the birth, and after-birth, to j Indian Spikenard, Mastich, the juice of 
 purge them after labour, yet it is dangerous I Wormwood and Agrimony, made thick, the 
 for pregnant women. | seeds of Smallage, Annis, Fennel, Ammi, 
 
 Dianisum. \ Savin, bitter Almonds, Myrrh, Costus, or 
 
 'College.'] Take of Annis seeds two Zedoary, the roots of Maddir, Asarabacca, 
 ounces and an half, Liquorice, Mastich, of j Birth wort long and round, Gentian, Saffron, 
 each an ounce, the seeds of Caraway, Fen- \ Cinnamon, dried Hyssop, Cassia Lignea, 
 nel, Galanga, Mace, Ginger, Cinnamon, of i Bdellium, of each a dram and an half, black 
 each five drams, the three sorts of Pepper, j Pepper, Ginger, of each a dram, make them 
 Cassia Lignea, mountain Calaminth, Pel- j into powder according to art. 
 litory of Spain, of each two drams, Carda-j Citlpeper.~] It strengthens the stomach 
 moms the greater, Cloves, Cubebs, Indian ; and liver, opens obstructions, helps dropsies, 
 Spikenard, Saffron, of each a dram and an \ yellow jaundice, provokes urine, breaks 
 half, make them into powder. j the stone in the reins and bladder. Half a 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is chiefly appropriated to j dram is a moderate dose, if the patient be 
 the stomach, and helps the cold infirmities 1 strong they may take a dram in white Wine, 
 thereof, raw, flegm, wind, continual coughs, j Let pregnant women forbear it. 
 and other such diseases coining of cold. ; Pulvis Cardiacus Magistralis. 
 
 You may safely take a dram of the electuary ; College."] Take of East Bczoar, bone of 
 at a time. You may make an electuary of ja Stag's-heart, of each a dram and an half, 
 it with its treble weight of clarified Honey. 5 Magisterium, of white and red Coral, white 
 Pithis Radicum Art composicus. -Amber, Magisterium of Pearl, Hart's-horn, 
 
 Or Powder of Aron Roots compound. ; Ivory, Bole-amoniac, Earth of Germany, 
 
 College.'] Take of Aron Roots two ounces, jSamos and Lemnos, Elk's-claw. Tormenlil 
 of common Water Flag, and Burnet, of each | roots, of each a dram, Wood of Aloes, 
 one ounce, Crab's eyes, half an ounce, | Citron peels, the roots of Angelica and 
 Cinnamon three drams, salt of Wormwood,; Zedoary, of each two scruples, leaves of 
 and Juniper, of each one dram, make them j Gold twenty, Ambergris one scruple, Musk 
 into powder. I six grains, mix them and make them into 
 
 Culpeper.'] And when you have done [powder. 
 
 tell me what it is good for. Culpeper.'] It is too dear for a vulgar 
 
 Diaireos simple. \ purse, yet a mighty cordial and great 
 
 College.'] Take of Orris roots half an! strengthener of the heart and vitals in fevers. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 19 
 
 Diamargariton frigidnm. \ the electuary, two drams is the dose: The 
 
 College.'] Take of the four greater cold 1 time of taking it is, in the morning fasting, 
 seeds, the seeds of Purslain, white Poppies, j Diamoschu Amantm 
 
 Endive, Sorrel, Citrons, the three Sanders, \ College^] Is prepared by adding to the 
 Wood of Aloes, Ginger, red Roses exun- jforenamed Wormwood, dried Rosey, of each 
 gulated, the flowers of Water-lilies, Bug- | three drams, Aloes half an ounce, Cinnamon 
 loss, Violets, the berries of Mirtles, bone in \ two drams and an half, Castor. um and 
 a Stag'sh eart, Ivory, Contra yerva, Cinna- ' Lovage, of each one dram, matte them into 
 mon of each one dram, both sorts of Coral, | powder. 
 
 of each half a dram, Pearls three drams, | Culpeper.~\ Besides the virtues of the 
 Camphire six grains, make them into pow- : former, it purges the stomach ot pmrified 
 der according to art. Observe that the four > humours, 
 greater cold seeds, and the Poppy seeds, \ Specia Diaiithus. 
 
 are not to be added before the powder be: College.'] Take of Rosemary flowers n 
 required by physician for use. Do so by Jounce, red Boses, Violets, Liquorice, ol 
 the other powder in the composition of j each six drams, Cloves, Indian Spikenard, 
 which these powders are used. ; Nutmegs, Galanga, Cinnamon, Ginger, 
 
 CulpeperJ] Authors hold it to be re- j Zedoary, Mace, Wood of Aloes, Carda- 
 storative in consumptions, to help such as j moms the less, the seeds of Dill and Anis, 
 are in hectic fevers, to restore strength lost, j of each four scruples, make them into pow- 
 to help coughs, asthmaes, and consump- i der according to art. 
 
 tions of the lungs, and restore such as have 
 laboured long under languishing or pining 
 
 Culpeper^] It strengthens the heart and 
 helps the passions thereof, it causes a joyful 
 
 diseases. * and cheerful mind, and strengthens such as 
 
 Diamoschu Duke. \ have been weakened by long sickness, it 
 
 Take of Saffron, Galanga, Zedoary, : strengthens cold stomachs, and helps diges- 
 Wood of Aloes, Mace, of each two drams, j tion notably. The dose is half a dram, you 
 Pearls, raw Silk toasted, white Amber, red 1 may make it into an electuary with honey, 
 Coral prepared, Gallia Moschata, Bazil, of -and take two drams of that ac a lime. 
 each two d rams and an half, Ginger, Cubebs, j Diapendion. 
 
 Long Pepper, of each a dram and an half,: College.'] Take of Penides two ounces, 
 s, Indian leaf or Cinnamon, Cloves, i Pine-nuts, sweet Almonds blanched, white 
 
 of each one dram, Musk two scruples, make j Poppy seeds, of each three drains and a 
 them into powder according to art. j scruple, (Cinnamon, Cloves, Ginger, which 
 
 Cnl[tfper.'] It wonderfully helps cold | three being omitted, it is a Diapendion 
 iifHic-tions of the brain, that come without j without spices) juice of Liquorice, Gum 
 a fever, melancholy and its attendants, viz. \ Tragacanth and" Arabic, white Starch, the 
 sadness without a cause, vertigo or diziness j four greater cold seeds husked, of eacn a 
 in tin- head, falling-sickness, palsies, resolu-jdram and ari half, Camphire seven grains, 
 tion of the nerves, convulsions, heart-qualms, j make them into powder. 
 afflictions of the lungs, and difficulty of; CulpeperJ] It helps the vices of the 
 
 I __ _j.l ' TM __ _1_- /* . 1 1 1 i / ! 1 1 11 1 
 
 breathing. The dose of the powder is half 
 a dram, or two scruples, or less ; according \ 
 
 breast, coughs, colds, hoarseness, and con- 
 sumptions of the lungs, as also such a& spit 
 
 10 the age or strength of him or her that matter. You may mix it with any pectoral 
 lakes it. Mcnuc appoints it to be made into \ syrup, and take it with a Liquorice slick, 
 an electuary with clarified honey, and of: if you fancy the powder best, but ii t 
 
 4 x 
 
.320 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 elecluary, you may take a dram of it upon | Cucumbers and Gourds, of each two drams, 
 knife's point at any time when the cough J Penids three ounces, Camphire half a 
 comes. j scruple, make of them a powder according 
 
 Diarrhodon Abbalix to art. Also you may make an electuary 
 
 Col/cpe.~] Take of Sanders white and j of them with a sufficient quantity of Syrup 
 red, of each two drams and an half, Gum J of Violets, but have a care of what was told 
 I'ragacanth, Arabic, Ivory of each two j you before of the seeds, 
 scruples. Asarabacca roots, Mastich, Indian \ Culpeper.~\ Make up into an electuary. 
 Spikenard, Cardamoms, Liquorice, Saffron, 5 It helps the faults of the breast and lungs 
 "\Vood of Aloes, Cloves, Gallia Moschala, ; coming of heat and dry ness, it helps con- 
 Annis and sweet Fennel seeds, Cinnamon, 5 sumptions, leanness, inflammations of the 
 Rhubarb, Bazil seeds, Barberry seeds, the i sides, pleurises, &c. hot and dry coughs, 
 
 of each half a scruple, red Roses exun-J T, J r 
 
 , , ' , ' , 5 Peppers, of each six drams and fifteen 
 
 gulaled, one ounce and three drams, Gam- * . ;,, f,- 
 
 , ; grains, Anms seeds, 1 liyme, Ginger, or each 
 
 phire seven grains, make them into powder | fo , , ', 
 
 ^ ,. ^ t . t S one dram, beat them into gross powder. 
 
 C r, ( , , .; Culpcper.l It heats the stomach and 
 
 Culpeper.l It cools the violent heat of \ \ e f u ir j 
 , , J J , , ,. ., ,. 'expels wind. Half a dram in powder, or 
 
 the heart and stomach, as also or the liver, i /~ / u 
 
 , ., , | two drams in electuary (tor so Go/en who 
 
 lungs, and spleen, cases pains in the body, r . '. \ .. 
 
 . f. Avas author or it, appoints it to be made 
 
 *^i^y| T^/'VOT ir^li*i\~\\fino rf-iy-M-** 1 !*-* /TP Tf\ T 1^ n r\f\ff f rA *r II 
 
 and most infirmities coming to the body by 
 
 with clarified honey, a sufficient quantity) 
 
 c i mi i f .1 i wiui daiiiicu iii/iiCTi u. omin i^nu iiu<iuiiLv; 
 
 reason of heat. I he dose of the powder is ,. , ./ < ', 1C J ' 
 
 , r i i . f li i if age and strength permit, if not, half so 
 
 half a dram, and two ounces of the elec- j a* ' ' j i t i u 
 
 , . , . , , , iro , . j much, is a sufficient dose, to be taken be- 
 
 tuary, into which with sugar dissolved in i 
 Rose-water you may make it. 
 Diospoliticiim. 
 
 fore meat, if to heat the stomach and help 
 digestion ; after meat, if to expel wind. 
 
 College.'] Take of Cummin seeds steeped | Diatrion Santalon. 
 
 in vinegar and dried, long Pepper, Ruej College.'} Take of all the sorts of Sanders 
 leaves, of each an ounce, Nitre half an j red Roses, of each three drams, Rhubarb, 
 ounce, make them into powder. j Ivory, Juice of Liquorice, Purslain seeds, 
 
 Culpeptr.~\ It is an admirable remedy j of each two drams and fifteen grains, white 
 for such whose meat is putrified in their Starch, Gum Arabic, Tragacanth, the seed* 
 stomachs, it helps cold stomachs, cold | of Melons, Cucumbers, Citruls, Gourds, 
 belchings and windy. You may take half I Endive, of each a dram and an half, Caro- 
 a dram after meat, either in a spoonful of j phire a scruple, make them into powder 
 Muskadel, or in a Syrup of Mirtles pr I according to art. 
 
 Quinces, or any Cordial Water whose effects | Culpeper.~] It is very profitable against 
 
 is the same. ; the heat of the stomach and liver, besides, 
 
 Species Diatragacanthi frigidi. j it wonderfully helps such as have the yellow 
 
 College.~\ Take of Gum Tragacanth two ! jaundice, and consumptions of the lungs 
 ounces, Gum Arabic an ounce and two You may safely take a dram of the powder 
 drams, whiteStarch half an ounce, Liquorice, t or two drams of the electuary in the morning 
 the seeds of Melons and white Poppies, of i fasting, for most of these powder will keep 
 each three drains, the seeds of Citruls, ; better by half in electuaries. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 821 
 
 Pulvis Haly. * ti ve against it, and the pestilence, as one 
 
 College.'] Take of white Poppy seeds I sha11 usua11 ^ read of- 
 ten drams, white Starch, Gum Arabic and \ Rosate Novelle. 
 Tragacanth, of each three drams, the seeds j CollegeJ] Take of red Roses, Liquorice, 
 of Purslain, Marsh-mallows, Mallows, of; of each one ounce, one dram, two scruples 
 each five drams, Cucumbers, Melons, land an half, Cinnamon two drams, two 
 Gourds, Citruls, Quinces of each seven j scruples, and two grains, Cloves, Indian 
 drams, Ivory, Liquorice, of each three j Spikenard, Ginger, Galanga, Nutmegs, 
 drams, Penids the weight of them all, make j Zedoary, Styrax, Calamitis, Cardamoms, 
 them into powder according to art. \ Parsley seeds, of each one scruple eight 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is a gallant cool powder, 
 fit for all hot imperfections of the breast 
 and lungs, as consumptions, pleurisies, &c. 
 
 grains, beat them into powder. 
 
 Culpeper. ~] It quenches thirst, and stays 
 vomiting, and the author saith it helps hot 
 
 Your best way is to make it into a soft ; and dry stomachs, as also heat and dryness 
 dectuary with Syrups of Violets, and take | of the heart, liver, and lungs, (yet is the 
 it as Diatragacanthum frigidum. j powder itself hot,) it strengthens the vital 
 
 Leetificans. | spirits, takes away heart-qualms, it pro- 
 
 College.'] Take the flowers of Clove-bazil, j *<>& sweat, and strengthens such as have 
 or the seeds thereof, Saffron, Zedoary, laboured under long chronical diseases. 
 Wood of Aloes, Cloves, Citron pills, Galanga, : You m *Y . take a ? r the electuary 
 Mace, Nutmegs, Styrax Calamitis, of each! e y eI 7 morning, if with clarified Honey yoa 
 two drams and an half, Ivory, Annis seeds, j P lcase to make ll lnto such a bod y- 
 Thyme, Epithimum, of each one dram, j Pulvus Thuraloes 
 
 bone of a Stag's heart, Pearls, Camphire, \ College^ Take of Frankincense one 
 of each half a dram, leaves of Gold and j dram, Aloes half a dram, beat them into 
 Silver, of each half a scruple, make it into! powder, 
 powder according to art. Culpeper^] And when you have occa- 
 
 Culpeper.~] It causes a merry heart, ajsion to use it, mix so much of it with the 
 good colour, helps digestion, and keeps? white of an egg, (beat the white of the egg 
 back old age. You may mix half a dram \ well first) as will make it of the thickness or 
 
 age. ou may 
 
 of it to take at one time, or less if you i 
 please, in any cordial Syrup, or cordial 
 
 Honey, then dip the wool of a Hare in it, 
 and apply it to the sore or part that bleeds, 
 
 , , 
 
 dectuary appropriated to the same uses. ! binding it on. 
 
 Pulvis Saxonicus. \ Pulvis Hermidadylorum compositus. 
 
 College:] Take of the roots of both sorts Or Powder of Hermodactils compound. 
 of AngeTtca,S wallow-wort, garden Valerian,! College.'] Take of men's bones burnt, 
 Polipodium of the Oak, Marsh-mallows, j Scammony, Hermodactils, Turbith, Sena, 
 Nettles, of each half an ounce, the bark of j Sugar, of each equal parts, beat them into 
 German Mezereon, two drams, twenty grains i powder. 
 
 of herb True-love, the leaves of the same, 5 Pulvis Sena compositus major. 
 
 roots and all, thirty six, the roots being { Or Powder of Sena the greater composition, 
 steeped in vinegar and dried, beat it all j College.'] Take of the seeds of Armis, 
 into powder. i Carraway, Fennel, Cummin, Spikenard, 
 
 Culpeper.'] It seems to be as great an j Cinnamon, Galanga, of each half an ounce, 
 expeller of poison, and as great a preserva- 1 Liquorice, Cromwell, of each an ounce. 
 
322 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Sena, the weight of them all, beat it into * keep it, you may encrease the quantity 
 oowder. I analogically. 
 
 Culpeper.] That this receipt is gallantly j The greater cordial Powder. Fern, 
 composed none can deny, and is an excel- \ College.] Take of the roots of Tormentil, 
 lent purge for such whose, bodies as are -Dittany, Clove-gilliflowers, Scabious, the 
 troubled with the wind cholic, or stoppage I seed of Sorrel, Coriander prepared, Citron, 
 either of guts or kidneys, two drams! Card uus Benedictus, Endive, Rue, of each 
 taken in white Wine will work sufficiently | one dram, of the three sorts of Sanders, 
 with any ordinary body. Let weak men | (white, red, and yellow,) Been, white and 
 and children take less, keeping within doors, j red (or if you cannot get them, take the 
 and warm. roots of Avens and TormentiJ, in their 
 
 Pulvis Serue compositus minor. 
 Or Powder of Sena, the lesser composition. 
 
 stead) Roman Doronicum, (a kind of wol r - 
 bane) Cinnamon, Cardamoms, Saffron, the 
 
 College:] Take of Sena two ounces j flowers of both sorts of Bug-loss, (viz. Bor- 
 Cremor Tartar half an ounce, Mace two j ge and Bugloss,) red Roses, and Water- 
 scruples and an half, Ginger, Cinnamon, of Lmes > Wood of Aloes, Mace, of each two 
 each a dram and an half, Salgem one dram, scruples, Ivory, Spodiuni, bone of a Stag's- 
 beat it into powder according to art. heart ' red Cora1 ' Pearls ' Emerald, Jacinth, 
 
 Culpeper.'] This powder purges melan- Granite of each one scruple, raw Silk 
 choly, and cleanses the head. terrified, (dried or roasted by the fire,) 
 
 Diasence \ Bole-amoniac, Earth of Lemnos, of each 
 
 ro 14- *! f\ r*o rv I "TV r\ri va A TY-I V-*J"VT*-.I r. 
 
 College."] Take of Sena, Crcmor Tar- 
 tar, of each two ounces, Cloves, Cinnamon, 
 
 half a dram, Camphire, Ambergris, Musk, 
 of each six grains, beat them into powder 
 
 I U. I . \JL W.CM.rl.1 t V> \J VJUl>V,C.n \-JL\J Vt^J, V-/1U11HIIIV/I1, 1 . , . , . , . , 
 
 Galanga, Amrni, of each two drams, Dia- according to art, and with eigh times their 
 cridium half an ounce, beat it into powder j Wei j ht in whlte su f r ' J#*H Hose- 
 
 according to art. ter ' ? ma >' make them into Loz ges, 
 
 _. jir you please. 
 
 ^aturbith with Rhubarb. 'Culpcpcr.-] Both this and the former 
 
 College.] Take of Turbi th, riermo- powder are J appropriated to the heart, (as 
 dactils , of each an ounce, Rhubarb ten j the title sliew) ' lheforc th d() streng ^ 
 drams Diacrydium half an ounce Sanders : t , mt? and the vkal irj and reliev< f ]a ,^ 
 red and white Violets, Ginger, of each a | ,,. uislli nature> Jj, these are cordjal 
 dram and an half, Mastich Anms seeds, : p owder t, and geldom above half a dram of 
 Cinnamon, Saffron, of each half a dram, lhen _ - Vf . n at a Ume 
 make it into powder A Po % derfor stlch as are brilised b a fali 
 
 Culpeper.] I his also purges flegm and The Augustan physicians! 
 
 Once more let me desire such as: College.] Take of Terra sioillata, San- 
 are unskilful in the rules of physic, not to j is D ^ c J oni ^ Mummv ofeacri two drams, 
 meddle with purges of tins nature (unless j Sceti one dram beat theni j 
 prescribed by a skilful Physician lest they j J ()wd( , r accordin? lo art . 
 do themselves more mischief m half an hour, j Culpeper .1 You must beat the rest into 
 ban they can remove in half a jear. j powdt ^ and thcn m ,., the Spermaceti to 
 
 The lesser cordial Ponder. Fernehus. j them afterwards, for if you put the Sperma- 
 Colle%e.~\ Take of Hart's-horn, Unicorn 'sjceti and the rest sill together and go to beat 
 horn, Pearls, Ivory, of each six grains beat j them in that fashion, you may as soon beat 
 hem into fine powder. If you mean to | the mortar into powder, as the simpies. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 ^ndeed your best way is to beat them se- j sour belchings, and indigestion, gross 
 verally, and then mix them altogether, which j humours and cold afflictions of the stomach 
 neing done, makes you a gallant medicine | and liver. You may take, half a dram of the 
 for the infirmities specified in the title, a j powder at a time, or two of the electuary 
 dram of it taken in Muskadel and sweating j in the morning fasting, or an hour before 
 after it. j meat. It helps digestion exceedingly, 
 
 Species Electuarii Dyacymini. Nicholaus. > expels wind, and heats a cold stomach. 
 College.] Take of Cummin seeds infused \ Species Electuarii Diamargariton Calidi. 
 a natural day in Vinegar, one ounce and \ Avicenna. 
 
 one scruple, Cinnamon, Cloves, of each two ! College^] Take of Pearls and Pellitory of 
 drams and an half, Galanga, Savory, 5 the Wall, of each one dram, Ginger, 
 Calamirith, of each one dram and two j Mastich, of each half an ounce, Doronicum, 
 scruples, Ginger, black Pepper, of each two Zedoary, Smallage seeds, both sorts of 
 
 drams and five grains, the seeds of Lovage, 
 and Ammi, (Bishop's-weed,) of each one 
 dram and eighteen grains, long Pepper one 
 dram, Spikenard, Nutmegs, Cardamoms, of 
 each two scruples and an half, beat them 
 and keep them diligently in powder for your 
 
 use. 
 
 Culpeper.] 
 
 It heats the stomach and 
 
 bowels, expels wind exceedingly, helps the 
 wind cholic, helps digestion hindered by 
 cold or wind, is an admirable remedy for 
 
 wind in the bowels, and helps quartan 
 agues. The powder is very hot, half a dram I 
 is enough to take at one time, and too much 
 if the patient be feverish, you may take it 
 
 Cardamoms, Nutmegs, Mace, of each two 
 drams, Been of both sorts, (if they cannot 
 be procured take the roots of Avens and 
 Tormentil) black and long Pepper of each 
 three drams, beat them into powder and 
 keep them for your use. 
 
 Culpeper.] This (quoth Avicenna) is ap- 
 propriated to women, and in them to dis- 
 eases incident to their matrix ; but his rea- 
 sons I know not. It is cordial and heats 
 the stomach. 
 
 Lithontribon Nicholaus, according to 
 Fernelius. 
 
 College.'] Take of Spikenard, Ginger, 
 Cinnamon, 
 
 black Pepper, Cardamoms, 
 
 in white Wine. It is in my opinion a fine Cloves, Mace, of each half a dram, Costus, 
 com posed j>owder. ] Liquorice, Cypress,Tragacanth,Germander, 
 
 Species Electuarii Diagalangce. Mes-ue. 
 College] Take of Galanga, wood of 
 Aloes, of each six drams, Cloves, Mace, , 
 
 of each two scruples, the seeds of Bishop's- 
 weed, (Ammi,) Smallage, Sparagus, Bazil, 
 Nettles, Citrons, Saxifrage, Burnet, Cara- 
 
 seeds of Lovage of each two drams, Ginger, \ way, Carrots, Fennel, Bruscus, Parsley of 
 long and white Pepper, Cinnamon, Calamus \ Macedonia, Burs, Seseli, (or Hartwort,) 
 Arbmaticus of each a dram and an half, j Asarabacca, of each one dram, Lapis 
 Calaminth, and Mints dried, Cardamoms j Spongiae, Lyncis, Cancri, Judaici, of each 
 the greater, Indian Spikenard, the seeds of j one dram and an half, Goat's blood pre- 
 Smallage, Annis, Fennel, Caraway, of each | pared an ounce and half, beat them all into 
 one dram, beat them into powder according \ powder according to art. 
 to art. Also it may be made into an elec- j Culpeper] It heats the stomach, and 
 tuary with white' sugar dissolved in Malaga j helps want of digestion coming through 
 wine, or twelve times the weight of it of j cold, it eases pains in the belly and loins, 
 clarified Honey. jthe Illiac passion, powerfully breaks the 
 
 Culpeper.'] Mesue quotes it only as an elec- j stone in the reins and bladder, it speedily 
 ary, wind- he saith prevails against wind, ! helps the cholic, stranguary, and disurv 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
324 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 The dose is from a dram to half a dram, j Saphire, bone of a Stag's heart, of each 
 take it either in white Wine, or decoction of j one dram, beat them into powder accord- 
 herbs tending to the same purposes. j ing to art. 
 
 Pleres Arconticon. Nicholaus. Culpeper.'] The title tells you the virtue 
 
 CoUege.~] Take of Cinnamon, Cloves, j of it, besides, it cheers the vital spirits, and 
 Galanga, Wood of Aloes, Indian Spikenard, I strengthens the heart. You may take half 
 rsulmcgs, Ginger, Spoclium, Schoenanthus, ! a dram every morning either by itself, or 
 Cypress, Roses, Violets of each one dram, \ mixed with any other convenient composi- 
 Indian Leaf or Mace, Liquorice, Mastich, \ tion, whether Syrup or Electuary. 
 Styrax Calamitis, Marjoram, Costmary, or { Diaturlith the greater, without Rhularb. 
 Water-mints, Bazil. Cardamoms, long and I College.'] Take of the best Turbith an 
 white Pepper, Myrtle berries, and Citron I ounce, Diagridium, Ginger, of each half an 
 pills, of each half a dram and six grains, j ounce, Cinnamon, Cloves, of each two 
 Pearls, Been white and red, (or, if they be: drams, Galanga, long Pepper, Mace, of each 
 
 wanting, take the roots of Avens and Tor- j one dram, beat them into powder, and with 
 mentil in their stead) red Coral, torrified j eight ounces and five drams of white sugar 
 Silk, of each eighteen grains, Musk six ; dissolved in Succory Water, it may be made 
 
 grains, Camphire four grains, beat them j into an electuary. 
 
 into powdei according to art, and with ten Culpeper.'] It purges flegm, being rightly 
 
 times their weight in sugar dissolved in 
 
 Bawm water, you may make them into an { not. 
 
 administered by a skilful hand. I fancy it 
 
 electuary. 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is exceedingly good for 
 
 A Powder for the Worms. 
 
 College^] Take of Wonnseed, four 
 
 sad, melancholy, lumpish, pensive, grieving, * ounces, Sena, one ounce, Coriander seeds 
 
 vexing, pining, sighing, sobbing, fearful, j prepared, Hart's-horn, of each half a dram, 
 
 careful spirits, it strengthens weak stomachs! Rhubarb half an ounce, dried Rue, two 
 
 exceedingly, and help such as are prone to | drams, beat them into powder. 
 
 Faintingsand swoonings, it strengthens such | Culpeper^] I like this powder very well, 
 
 as are weakened by violence of sickness, it j the quantity (or to write more scholastically, 
 
 helps bad memories, quickens all the senses, | the dose) must be regulated according to 
 
 strengthens the brain and animal spirits, : the age of the patient, even from ten grains 
 
 helps the falling-sickness, and succours; to a dram, and the manner of taking it by 
 
 such as are troubled with asthmas, or other j their palate. It is something purging. 
 
 cold afflictions of the lungs. It will keep j ^^^_^ 
 
 best in an electuary, of which you may take | 
 
 a dram in the morning, or more, as age and j ELECTUARIES 
 
 strength requires. 
 
 A Preservative Powder against the Pestilence. \ Antidotus Analeptica. 
 
 Montagnam. College^] Take of red Roses, Liquorice 
 
 College."] Take of all the Sanders, (white, j of each two drams and five grains, Gum 
 red, and yellow,) the seeds of Bazil, of each * Arabic and Tragacanth, of each two drams 
 
 an ounce and an half, Bole Amoniac, Cin- 
 
 and two scruples, Sanders white and red, 
 
 namon, of each an ounce, the roots of | each four scruples, juice of Liquorice, white 
 Dittany, Gentian, and Tormentil, of each; Starch, the seeds of white Poppies, Purslain, 
 tvfo drams and an half, the seeds of Citron j Lettuce,and Endive,of each threedrams, the 
 and Sorrel, of each two drains, Pearls I four greater cold seeds husked, of Quinces 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 325 
 
 Mallows, Cotton, Violets, Pine-nuts, fistic : towards the end, Cinnamon bruised half an 
 Nuts, sweet Almonds, pulp of Sebestens, of j ounce, strain it, and with two pounds ot 
 each two drams, Cloves, Spodium, Cinna-j white sugar, boil it to the thickness of a 
 mon, of each one dram, Saffron fire grains, j Syrup, putting in, m powder, Cinnamon, a 
 Penids half an ounce, being beaten, make ? dram, Nutmegs, half a scruple, Musk three 
 them all into a soft electuary with three ^grains, Ambergris, two and thirty grains, 
 times their weight in Syrup of Violets. jten leaves of Gold, Spirit of Vitriol four 
 
 Culpeper.] It restores consumptions, and ; drops, and so make it into an electuary 
 hectic fevers, lost strength, it nourishes I according to art. 
 
 much, and restores radical moisture, opens | Culpeper.] It opens obstruction of the 
 the pores, resists choler, takes away coughs, j liver and spleen, helps cold rheums or de- 
 quenches thirst, and resists fevers. You 1 fluxions from the head to the lungs, or 
 may take an ounce in a day, by a dram at j teeth, or eyes, it is excellent in coughs, and 
 a time, if you please. ; other cold afflictions of the lungs and 
 
 Confectio Alkermes. j breast, it helps digestion, expels wind and 
 
 College.] Take of the juice of Apples, j the gravel of the kidneys, it provokes the 
 Damask Rose-water, of each a pound and j menses, warms and dries up the moisture of 
 an half, in which infuse for twenty-four \ the womb, which is many times the cause 
 hours, raw Silk four ounces, strain it j of barrenness, and is generally a helper of 
 strongly, and add Syrup of the berries of (all diseases coming of cold, raw thin 
 Cherms brought over to us, two pounds, \ humours, you may take half a dram at a 
 Sugar one pound, boil it to the thickness of time in the morning. 
 
 Honey ; then removing it from the fire 
 whilst it is warm, add Ambergris cut small, 
 half an ounce, which being well mingled, 
 put in these things following in powder, 
 
 mnamon, 
 
 Electuarium de Baccis Lauri. 
 Or Electuary of Bay-berries. 
 College.'] Takeoftheleavesofdried Rueten 
 drams, the seeds of Ammi, Cummin, Lovage, 
 
 Wood of Aloes, of each six 1 Origanum, Nigella, Caraway, Carrots, 
 drams, Pearls prepared, two drams, Leaf- j Parsley, bitter Almonds, Pepper black and 
 Gold a dram, Musk a scruple, n.ake it up [ long, wild Mints, Calamus Aromaticus, 
 
 according to art. 
 
 Culpeper.'] Questionless this is a great 
 cordial, and a mighty strengthener of the 
 heart, and vital spirits, a restorer of such as 
 are in consumptions, a resister of pesti- 
 
 Bay-berries, Castorium of each two drains, 
 Sagapenum half an ounce, Opopanax three 
 drams, clarified Honey a pound and an 
 half, the things to be beaten ; being beaten, 
 and the Gums dissolved in Wine, make Jt 
 into an electuary according to art. 
 
 lences and poison, a relief to languishing 
 
 nature, it is given with good success inj Culpeper.] It is exceeding good either in 
 fevers, but give not too much of it at a j the cholic, or Iliac passion, or any other 
 a time, lest it prove too hot for the body, j disease of the bowels coming of cold or 
 
 ^and too heavy for the purse. You may | wind, it generally eases pains in the bowels. 
 
 "mix ten grains of it with other convenient You may give a dram in the morning fast- 
 men. 
 
 to children, twenty or thirty to 
 Electuarium e Sassaphras. 
 
 ing, or half an ounce in a clyster, according 
 
 as the disease is. 
 
 Diacapparit. 
 
 College] Take of Sassafras two ounces,* College. Take of Capers r our ounces 
 common Water three pounds, boil it to the i; Agrimony Roots, Nigella seeds, Squils. 
 consumption of the third part, adding,! Asarabacca,Centaury, black Pepper, Small- 
 
326 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 age, Thyme of each an ounce, Honey three ! therefore stops fluxes, neither do I know a 
 times their weight, make it into an electuary j better medicine in all the dispensatory for 
 according to art. jsuch as have a consumption accompanied 
 
 Culpcper.~] They say it helps infirmities \ with looseness. It stops the menses and 
 of the spleen, and indeed the name seems to j Fluor Albus. Take Lut-a dram at a time, 
 promise so much, it may be good for cold ? every morning, because of its binding 
 bodies, if they have strength of nature inequality, except you have a looseness, for 
 them. | then you may take so much two or three 
 
 Diacinnamomum. \ times a day. 
 
 College.'] Take of Cinnamon fifteen j Diacorum. 
 
 drams, Cassia Lignea, Elecampane roots, j College.'] Take of the roots of Cicers, 
 of each half an ounce, Galanga, seven j Acorus, or Calamus Aromaticus, Pine-nuts, 
 drains, Cloves, long Pepper, both sorts of! of each a pound and a half, let the Cicers 
 Cardamoms, Ginger, Mace, Nutmegs, j roots, being cleansed, cut, boiled, and 
 Wood of Aloes, of each three drams, Saffron, ; pulped, be added to ten pounds of clarified 
 one dram, Sugar five drams, Musk two \ honey, and boiled, (stirring it) to its just 
 scruples, adding according to the prescript I thickness, then being removed from the 
 of the Physician, and byaddingthree pounds j fire, add the Acorus roots beaten, the Pine- 
 eight ounces of clarified Honey, boil it and! nuts cut, and these following in powder, 
 make it into an electuary according to art. j Take of black Pepper an ounce, long Pepper, 
 
 Culpeper.~\ Diacinnamomum, or in plain \ Cloves, Ginger, Mace, of each half an 
 English, A composition of Cinnamon, heats ounce, Nutmegs, Galanga, Cardamons, of 
 
 the stomach, causes digestion, provokes the 
 menses, strengthens the stomach and other 
 parts that distribute the nourishment of the 
 
 each three drams, mix them with the roots 
 and Honey into an electuary according to art. 
 CulpeperJ] The electuary provokes lust, 
 
 body, a dram of it taken in the morning | heats the brain, strengthens the nerves, 
 fasting, is good for ancient people and cold quickens the senses, causes an acute wit, 
 
 bodies, such as are subject to dropsies and 
 diseases of flegm, or wind, for it comforts 
 and strengthens nature muchi If you take 
 it to help digestion, take it an hour before 
 meat, do so in all things of like quality. 
 
 Diacorallion. 
 
 College^] Take of Coral white and red, 
 Bole-amoniac, Dragon's-blood, of each one 
 
 eases pains in the head, helps the falling- 
 sickness and convulsions, coughs, catharrs, 
 and all diseases proceeding from coldness 
 of the brain. Half a dram is enough to 
 take at one time, because of its heat. 
 
 Peony is an herb of the sun, the roots of 
 it cure the falling-sickness. 
 
 Diacydonium simple. 
 
 dram, Pearls half a dram, Wood of Aloes, \ College.'] Take of the flesh of Quinces 
 red Roses, Gum Tragacanth, Cinnamon, of j cut and boiled in fair water to a thickness, 
 each two scruples, Sanders white and red,! eight pounds, white sugar six pounds, boil 
 
 of each one scruple, with four times its 
 weight in sugar dissolved in small Cinna- 
 mon Water, make it into an electuary, 
 according to art. 
 
 it to it just thickness. 
 
 Diacydonium with Species 
 College.'] Take of the juice of Quinces, 
 Sugar, of each two pounds, white Wine 
 
 CnlpeperJ] It comforts and strengthens' Vinegar half a pound, added at the end of 
 the heart exceedingly, and restores such as i the decoction, it being gently boiled, and the 
 are in consumptions, it is cooling, therefore j scum taken away, add Ginger two ounces, 
 gfjod in hectic fevers, very binding, and j white Pepper ten drams and two scruples* 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLAJB.GED 327 
 
 bruise them grossly, and boil it again to the Antidotum Hawagogum. 
 
 hickness of Honey. College.'] Take of Lupines husked two 
 
 Diacydonium compound, Magisterial. \ drains, black Pepper five scruples and six 
 
 College^] Take of white Sugar six pounds, i grains, Liquorice tour scruples, long Birth- 
 Spring Water four pounds, clarify them j wort, Mugwort, Cassia Lignea, Macedonian 
 well with the white of an egg, scumming; Parsley seed, Pellitory of Spain, Rue seed, 
 them, then take of ripe Quinces cleansed ; Spikenard, Myrrh, Pennyroyal, of each two 
 from the rind and seeds, and cut in four ; scruples and fourteen grains, the seeds of 
 quarters, eight pounds, boil them in the; Smallage, Savin, of each two scruples and 
 foregoing Syrup till they be tender, then: thirteen grains, Centaury the greater, Cre- 
 strain the Syrup through a linen cloth, ; tish Carrots, Nigella, Caraway, Annis, 
 vocata Anglice, Boulter; boil them again to t Cloves, Alum, of each two scruples, Bay 
 a jelly, adding four ounces of white wine: leaves one scruple, one half scruple, and 
 Vinegar towards the end ; remove it from! three grains, Schasnanth one scruple and 
 the fire, and whilst it is warm put in these! thirteen grains, Asarabacca, Calamus Aroma- 
 following species in powder, Ginger an j ticus, A momum, Centaury the less, the seed 
 ounce, white Pepper, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, j of Orrach, Peony, Fennel, of each one 
 of each two drams, keep it for use. i scruple and six grains, wood of Aloes, a 
 
 Cnlpeper.~\ The virtues of all these three : scruple and fourteen grains, Cypress, 
 are, they comfort the stomach, help diges- j Elecampane, Ginger, Cappar roots, Cummin, 
 tion, stays vomiting, belchings, c. stop0robus, of each one scruple, all of them 
 fluxes and the menses. They are all harm- j being beaten into very fine powder, let 
 less, you may take the quantity of a nut- ; them be made into an electuary according 
 meg of them at a time, before meat to help \ to art, with four times their weight in sugar, 
 digestion and fluxes, after meat to stay \ let it stand one month before you use it 
 vomiting, in the morning for the rest. Culpeper.'] It provokes the menses, brings 
 
 Confectio de Hyacintho. \ away both birth and after-birth, the dead 
 
 College^] Take of Jacinth, red Coral, j child, purges such as are not sufficiently 
 Bole-anioniac, Earth of Lemnos, of each \ purged after travail, it provokes urine, 
 half an ounce, the berries of Cherrnes, the! breaks the stone in the bladder, helps the 
 Roots of Tormentil and Dittany, the seeds I stranguary, disury, iskury, &c. helps in- 
 of Citrons, Sorrel, and Purslain, Saffron, j digestion, the cholic, opens any stoppings in 
 Myrrh, red Roses exungulated, all the sorts \ the body, it heats the stomach, purges the 
 ftf Sanders, bone of a Stag's heart, Hart's- liver and spleen, consumes wind, stays 
 horn, Ivory prepared, of each four scruples, \ vomiting 1 , but let it not be taken by preg- 
 Samphire, Emerald, Topaz, Pearls, raw j nant women, nor such people as have the 
 Silk, leaves of Gold and Silver, of each two \ hemorrhoids. The dose is from one dram 
 scruples, Camphire, Musk, Ambergris, of i to two drams, 
 each five grains, with Syrup of Lemons j Diasatyrion. 
 
 make it into a confection according to art. j College.'] Take of Satyrion roots three 
 
 Culpeper'] It is a great cordial and jounces, Dates, bitter Almonds, Indian 
 ;xx)l, exceeding good in acute fevers and! Nuts, Pine nuts, Festick nuts, green Ginger, 
 pestilences, it mightily strengthens and : Eringo roots preset ved, of each one ounce, 
 cherishes the heart. Never above half a j Ginger, Cloves, Galanga, Pepper long and 
 dram is given at a time, very seldom so j black, of each three drams, Ambergris 
 
 (one scruple. Musk two scruples, Penins 
 4 P 
 
328 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 four ounces, Cinnamon, Saffron, of each'; College.'] Take of the juice of Liquorice, 
 
 I 1 * Tfc If I TIT' .1 _ All TT 1 1.T . / ii 
 
 sweet Almonds, Hazel-Nuts, of each half 
 an ounce, Pine-nuts an ounce, Hysop, 
 Maidenhair, Orris, Nettle seeds, round 
 
 half an ounce, Malaga Wine three ounces,: 
 Nutmegs, Mace, Grains of Paradise, of: 
 each two drams, Ash-tree keys, the belly i 
 
 and loins and Scinks, Borax, Benjamin, of) Birthwort, of each a dram and an 
 each threedrams, wood of Aloes, Cardamoms, i black Pepper, the seeds of Water-cresses, 
 of e.ich two drams, the seeds of Nettles and; the roots of Elecampane, of each half a 
 Onions, the roots of Avens, of each a dram j dram, Honey fourteen ounces, make them 
 and and half, with two pounds and an half j into an electuary according to art 
 of Syrup of green Ginger, make them into > Culpeper] It strengthens the stomach 
 an electuary according to art. Sand lungs, and helps the vices thereof. Take 
 
 Electuarium Diaspermaton. jit with a Liquorice stick. 
 
 College] Take of the four greater and j Theriaca Diatessaron. 
 
 lesser cold seeds, the seeds of Asparagus, ; College] Take of Gentain, Bay-berries, 
 Burnet, Bazil, Parsley, Winter Cheiries, of ! Myrrh, round Birthwort, of each two ounces, 
 each two drams, Gromwell, Juice of Liquo-i Honey two pounds, make them into an 
 rice, of each three drams, Cinnamon, Mace, telectuaiy according to art. 
 of each one dram, with eight times their < Culpeper] This is a gallant electuary, 
 weight in white Sugar dissolved in Marsh- 1 It wonderfully helps cold infirmities of the 
 mallows water, make it into an electuary \ brain, as convulsions, falling-sickness, dead 
 according to art. j palsies, shaking palsies, &c. As also the 
 
 Culpeper] It breaks the stone, and pro- { stomach, as pains there, wind, want of 
 vokes urine. Men may take half an ounce j digestion, as also stoppings of the liver, 
 at a time, and children half so much, in i dropsies, it resists the pestilence and poison, 
 water of any herb or roots, &c. (or decoc- > and helps the bitings of venomous beasts, 
 lion of them) that break the stone. : The dose is from half a dram to two drams, 
 
 Micleta. {according to the age and strength of the 
 
 College] Take of the barks of all the \ patient, as also the strength of the diseases: 
 Myrobalans torrified, of each two drams > you may take it either in the morning, cr 
 and an half, the seeds of Water-cresses, | when urgent occasion calls for it. 
 Cummin, Annis, Fennel, Ammi, Caraway, j Diascordinm. 
 
 of each a dram and an half, bruise the ; College] Take of Cinnamon, Cassia 
 seeds and sprinkle them with sharp white 5 Lignea, of each half an ounce, Scordium, 
 wine Vinegar, then beat them into powder, | an ounce, Dittany of Crete, Tormentii, 
 and add the Mirobalans, and these things \ Bistort, Galbanum, Gum Arabic, of each 
 '.hat follow, Spodiurn, Balaustines, Sumach, ; half an ounce, Opium one dram and an 
 Mastich, Gum Arabic, of each one dram \ half, Sorrel seeds one dram and a half, 
 and fifteen grains, mix them together, and j Gentain half an ounce, Bole-amoniac an 
 with ten ounces of Syrup of Myrtles, make { ounce and an half, Earth of Lemnos half 
 them into an electuary according to art. I an ounce, long Pepper, Ginger, of each two 
 
 Culpeper] It gently eases the bowels of j drams, clarified Honey two pounds and an 
 the wind cnolic, wringing of the bowels, \ half, Sugar of Roses one pound, Canary 
 infirmities of the spleen, it stops fluxes, the! Wine ten ounces, make them into an elec- 
 hemorrhoids, as also the menses. \ tuary according to art. 
 
 Elednarium Pectorale. Culpeper] It is a wdl composed eleo- 
 
 Or a Pectoral Electuary. I tuary, something appropriated io the nature 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 3i> 
 
 of women, for it provokes the menses, | cold infirmities of the brain, and stopping 
 hastens labour, helps their usual sickness j of the passage of the senses, (viz. hearing, 
 at the time of their lying in; I know nothing: seeing, smelling, &c.) by cold, it expeli 
 better, it stops fluxes, mightily strengthens \ wind, helps the cholic, provokes appetite tci 
 the heart and stomach, neither is so hot ; one's victuals, it helps ulcers in the bladder, 
 but it may safely be given to weak people, ! if Galen say true, as also difficulty of urine, 
 and besides provokes sleep. It may safely | it casts out the dead child, and helps such 
 be given to young children ten grains at i women as cannot conceive by reason 01 
 a time, ancient people may take a dram j cold, it is an admirable remedy for melan- 
 or more. It is given as an excellent cor-jcholy, and all diseases of the body coming 
 dial in such fevers as are accompanied with 1 through cold, it would fill a whole sheet of 
 want of sleep. j paper to reckon them all up particularly. 
 
 Mithridate. 5 You may take a scruple or half a dram in 
 
 College^] Take of Myrrh, Saffron, j the morning, and follow your business, two 
 Agarick, Ginger, Cinnamon, Spikenard, j drams will make you sweat, yea one dram 
 Frankincense, Treacle, Mustard seeds, of! if your body be weak, for then two drams 
 each ten drams, the seeds of Hartwort, | may be dangerous because of its heat. 
 Opobalsamum, or oil of Nutmegs by ex- Plutonium Perineum. 
 
 pression, Schenanth, Stoechas, Costus, GaM ~ -, m , f i-. T> *i 
 
 rf, o r> J College.! lake of white Pepper, the 
 
 banum,lurpentme, long repper, Castonum,? ?. J ,-. TJ , /. , . 
 
 c TJ * C* n i -.-> seeds of white Henbane, of each two drams, 
 
 luice of Hypocistis, Styrax, Calaimtis, ^ - ^ ., CT f i . 
 
 i, /V ,'- J ,. ' f .'Opium, Earth of Lemnos, of each ten drams, 
 
 Opopanax, Indian leaf, or for want of itj T ' TT ' o a* r i c 
 
 , ,' c ' , r" T ( Lap, Hematitus, Saffron, of each five drams, 
 
 Mace, of each an ounce, Cassia Lignea,?^ J . c -i j T? u u- 
 
 ',, ,., ?. Castonum, Indian Spikenard, Euphorbium 
 
 Jroley Mountain, white repper, Scordium, , V> n-* //c r> i A 
 
 .1 J cr > ,-r, U ,1 ; prepared, Pelhtory of Spain, reads, Amber, 
 
 the seeds of Carrots of Crete, Carpobalsamum ' v , Vp u u u !- 
 
 r- i u rp i r> v TJ i r ^1 Zedoary, Elecampane. Iroch, Itamacn, o^ 
 
 or Cubebs, Iroch, Cypheos, Bdehum, of< j r> i -*u , 
 
 , r- i : Q i X 5 each a dram, Cam phire a scruple, with then- 
 
 each seven drams, Celtic Spikenard, Gum 5 4 U1 , ' TJ r u i 
 
 u -. i TJ i i X itreble weight in Honey of Hoses, make it 
 
 Arabic, Macedonian Parsley seeds, Opium, | J-= ' ,- 
 
 -p i in 1 I into an e ectuary according to art. 
 Cardamoms the less, Fennel seed, Gentian, ^, , & , a c 
 
 , T i TV. c r> ' c Culpeper. It stops blood flowing from 
 
 red Rose leaves, Dittany of Crete, of each! ^ * J r j. ' iTIj i 
 
 ^ A i A u f\ 'any part or the body, the immoderate 
 
 five drams, Annis seeds, Asarabacca, Orris 5,, J h c . A. *. u -\ 
 
 17 - ,' ,jflomne of the menses, the hemorrhoids m 
 
 Acorus, the greater Valerian, Sagapen, of? b - tj - / U1 , t i a 
 
 i e - A 1 , ?! . ; men, spitting of blood, boody nuxes, and 
 
 each three drams, Meum Acacia, the bellies , , 9 r 
 
 c c , ,. c . T , , 1X r r hs profitable for such women as are subieot 
 
 or acinks, the tops of ot. Johns Wort, of c 
 
 j l i if TV T i \TIT- -to miscarry : bee the next receipt, 
 
 each two drams and an half, Malaga Wine, 5 J 
 
 so much as is sufficient to dissolve the juices I Phylomum Romamim. 
 
 and gums, clarified Honey the treble weight j College.'] Take of white Pepper, white 
 of all, the wine excepted, make them into j Henbane seeds, of each five drams, Opium 
 an electuary according to art. j two drams and an half, Cassia Lignea a 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is good against poison | dram and an half, the seeds of Smallage a 
 and such as have done themselves wrong by j dram, Parsley of Macedonia, Fennel, 
 taking filthy medicines, it provokes sweat, \ Carrots of Crete, of each two scruples and 
 it helps continual waterings of the stomach, J five grains, Saffron a scruple and an half, 
 ulcers in the body, consumptions, weakness | Indian Spikenard, Pellitory of Spain, 
 of the limbs, rids the body of cold humours, j Zedoary fifteen grains, Cinnamon a d.ram 
 and diseases coming of cold, it remedies i and an half, Euphorbium prepared, Myirh, 
 
330 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 
 
 Castoriuni, of each a dram with their treble j Rhapontic, Stoechas, Horchound, Maeedo- 
 weighl in clarified Honey, make it into an j nian Parsley seed, Calaminth, Cypress, 
 electuary. [Turpentine, the roots of Cinqu^foyl and 
 
 Electuarium de Ovo. \ Ginger, of each six drams, Poley Mountain, 
 
 Or electuary of Eggs. jChamepitis, Celtic Spikenard, Amomus, 
 
 College.'] Take a Hen's Egg new laid, j Styrax Calamitis, the roots of Meum, the 
 and the white being taken out by a small tops of Germander, the roots of Rhapontic 
 lole, fill up the void place with Saffron, J Earth of Lemnos, Indian Leaf, Chalcitis 
 eaying the yolk in, then the hole being j burnt, or instead thereof Roman Vitriol 
 stopped, roast it in ashes till the shell begin j burnt, Gentian roots, Gum Arabic, the juice 
 to look black, take diligent heed the Saffron of Hypositis, Carpobalsamum or Nutmegs, 
 burn not, for then is the whole medicine | or Cubebs, the seeds of Annis, Cardamoms, 
 spoiled, then the matter being taken out j Fennel, Hartwort, Acacia, or instead there- 
 dry, if so that it may be beaten into powder > of the juice of Sloes made thick, the seeds 
 and add to it as much powder of white | of Treacle Mustard, and Ammi, the tops of 
 Mustard seed as it weighs. Then take the j St. John's Wort, Sagapen, of each four 
 roots of white Dittany and Tormentil, of: drams, Castoriuni, the roots of long Birtl>- 
 each two drains, Myrrh, Hart's-horn, Peta- j wort, Bitumen, Judaicum, Carrot seed, 
 itis roots, of each one dram, the roots of j Opopanax, Centaury the less, Galbanum, of 
 Angelica and Burnet, Juniper Berries, \ each two drams, Canary Wine enough to 
 Zedoary, Camphire of each half an ounce, i dissolve what is to be dissolved, Honey the 
 mix them all together in a mortar, then add treble weight of the dry species, make them 
 
 Venice Treacle the weigh of them all, stir 
 
 into an Electuary according to art. 
 
 them about with a pestle three hours CulpeperJ] It resists poison, and the 
 together, putting in so much Syrup of j bitings of venomous beasts, inveterate head- 
 Lemons, as is enough to make it into an | aches, vertigo, deafness, the falling-sickness, 
 electuary according to art. j astonishment, apoplexies, dulness of sight, 
 
 Culpeper.~] A dram of it given at a time, | want of voice, asthmaes, old and new 
 
 is as great a help in a pestilential fever as a ! coughs, such as spit or vomit blood, such as 
 
 man shall usually read of in a Galenist. i can hardly spit or breathe, coldness of tlie 
 
 It provokes sweat, and then you shall be j stomach, wind, the cholic, and illiac passion, 
 
 taught how to use yourself. If years do j the yellow jaundice, hardness of the spleen, 
 
 not permit, give not so much. i stone in the reins and bladder, difficulty of 
 
 Theriaca Andromachi. j urine, ulcers in the bladder, fevers, dropsies, 
 
 Or Venice Treacle. \ leprosies, it provokes the menses, brings 
 
 College^] Take of Troches of Squilsj forth birth and after-birth, helps pains in 
 forty-eight drams, Troches of Vipers, long j the joints, it helps not only the body, but 
 Pepper, Opium ofThebes, Magma, Hcdycroi ! also the rnind, as vain fears, melancholy, 
 dried, of each twenty-four drains, redj&c. and is a good remedy in pestilential 
 Roses exungulated, Orris, lllirick, juice of j fevers. You may take half a dram and go 
 Liquorice, the seeds of sweet Navew, j about your business, and it will do you 
 Scordium, Opobalsamum, Cinnamon, 1 good if you have occasion to go in ill airs, 
 Agerick, of each twelve drams, Myrrh, j or in pestilent times, if you shall sweat under 
 Costus, or Zedoary, Saffron, Cassia Lignea, j it, as you,' best way is, if your body be not 
 Indian Spikenard, Schenanth, Pepper white! in health, then take one dram, or between 
 and black, Olibanum, Dittany of Crete, i one and two, or less than one, according 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 331 
 
 ige and strength is, if you cannot take this j and clarified, make it into an electuar, 
 i>r any other sweating medicine by itself, * according to art. 
 
 mix it with a little Carduus or Dragon's \ Culpeper] It is exceeding good against 
 water, or Angelica water, which in my \ cold diseases of the stomach, liver, or 
 opinion is the best of the three. 5 spleen, corruption of humours and putre- 
 
 Theriacca Londinemis. \ fo f on / mea t in , the , stomach > "5,*"* 
 
 T mi colour of the body, dropsies, cold faults in 
 
 Or London Treacle } ^ ^ and $&* provokes urine. 
 
 College.] Take of Hart s-horn two | Take a dram in the niorning< 
 ounces, the seeds of Citrons, Sorrel, Peony, } 
 Bazil, of each one ounce, Scordium, Coral- ! _ 
 
 liana, of each six drams, the roots of Angelica, | 
 
 Tormentil, Peony, the leaves of Dittany,! PURGING ELECTUARIES. 
 
 Bay-berries, Juniper-berries, of each half I Benedicta Laxatwa. 
 
 an ounce, the flowers of Rosemary, Man- { College] Take of choice Turbith ten 
 golds, Clove Gilliflowers, the tops of SwUdranw, Diacridium, bark of Spurge Roots 
 John's Wort, Nutmegs, Saffron, of each | prepared , Hermoductils, Red Roses, of each 
 threedrams, the Roots of Gentian, Zedoary, j fiye dramS} Cloves? Spikenard, Ginger, 
 Ginger, Mace, Myrrh, the leaves of Scabi- 1 Saffron> ] ong p ep per, Amomus, or for want 
 ous, Dcvil's-bit, Carduus, of each two drams, ; of jt Ca]amus Aromalicus, Cardamoms the 
 Cloves, Opium, of each a dram, Malaga j , eSj the seeds of Smallage, Parsley, Fennel, 
 Wine as much as is sufficient, with their Asparagus, Bruscus, Saxifrage, Cromwell, 
 treble weight in Honey, mix them accord- j Caraway, sal. gem. Galanga, Mace, of each 
 
 m g to art ' ] a dram, with their treble weight of clarified 
 
 Culpeper,] The receipt is a pretty cor- j Roney . make them into an c i ectua ry 
 
 dial, resists the pestilence, and is a good j accord i n g to art . Also you may keep the 
 
 Antidote in pestilential times, it resists poi- ; ie it ^ se ] f in your shops. 
 
 son, strengthens cold stomachs, helps diges- | Culpeper] It purges flegm, chiefly from 
 
 tion, crudities of the stomach A man$ the -^ also it 8 the reins and 
 
 may safely take two drams of it in ^| bladder, 
 
 morning, and let him fear no harm. Cari/ocostinum. 
 
 Diacrocuma. j College] Take* of Cloves, Costus, or 
 
 College] Take of Saffron, Asarabacca?Zedoary, Ginger, Cummin, of each two 
 loots, the seeds of Parsley, Carrots, Annis, j drams, Hermodactils, Diacridium, of each 
 Smallage, of each half an ounce, Rhubarb, j half an ounce: with their double weight of 
 the roots of Meum, Indian Spikenard, of Honey clarified in white wine, make them 
 
 each six drams, Cassia Lignea, Costus, 
 Myrrh, Schenanth, Cubebs, Madder roots, 
 the juices of Maudlin, and Wormwood 
 made thick, Opobalsamum, or oil of Nut- 
 megs, of each two drams, Cinnamon, 
 
 into an electuary according to art. 
 
 Culpeper] Authors say it purges hot 
 rheums, and takes away inflammations in 
 wounds, I assure you the electuary works 
 violently, and may safely be given in clysters, 
 
 Calamus Aromaticus, of each a dram and J and so you may give two or three drams at 
 an half, Scordium, Cetrach, juice of Liquo- j a time, if the patient be strong. For taken 
 rice, of each two drams and an half, Traga- ; otherwise it would kill a horse cvm privilege- 
 canth a dram, with eight times their weight 1 Cassia Extractapro Clysteribus. 
 
 in white sugar, dissolved in Endive water, ' Or Cassia extracted for Clysters. 
 
 4 o 
 
332 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 College.] Take of the leaves of Violets, j not have the unskilful too busy about 
 Mallows, Beets, Mercury, Pellitory of the j purges without advice of a physician. 
 "Wall, Violet flowers, of each a handful, | Diacassia with Manna. 
 
 boil them in a sufficient quantity of water, > College^] Take of Damask Prunes two 
 the benefit of which let the Cassia be ex- ! ounces, Violet flowers a handful and an 
 traded, and the canes washed ; then take \ half, Spring Water a pound an an half, boi' 
 of this Cassia so drawn, and boil it to itsnt according to art till half be consumed-, 
 consistence, a pound, Sugar a pound and a; strain it, and dissolve in the decoction six 
 half, boil them to the form of an electuary j ounces of Cassia newly drawn, sugar of 
 according to art. I Violets, Syrup of Violets, of each four 
 
 Culpeper.'] You may lake it in white {ounces, Pulp of Tamarinds an ounce, Sugar 
 Wine, it is good for gen tie bodies, for if your \ Candy an ounce and an half, Manna two 
 body be hard to work upon, perhaps it will j ounces, mix them, and make them into an 
 not work at all ; it purges the reins gallantly, ! electuary according to art. 
 and cools them, thereby preventing the| Culpeper.'] It is a fine cool purge for 
 stone, and other diseases caused by their i such as are bound in the body, for it works 
 heat. I gently, and without trouble, it purges cholcr, 
 
 Electuarium Amarum Magistrate majus. \ and may safely be given in fevers coming of 
 Or the greater bitter Electuary. j choler : but in such cases, if the body be 
 
 College^] Take of Agarick, Turbith, 1 much bound, the best way is first to 
 Species Hiera Simplex, Rhubarb, of each j administer a clyster, and then the next 
 one dram, choice Aloes unwashed two j morning an ounce of this will cool the body, 
 drams, Ginger, Crystal of Tartar, of each; and keep it in due temper, 
 two scruples, On is, Florentine, sweet \ Cassia eatracta sine aoliis Sena. 
 
 Fennel seeds, of each a scruple, Syrup of j Or Cassia extracted without the leaves of 
 Roses solutive as much as is sufficient to j Sena, 
 
 make it into an electuary according to art. \ College.~\ Take twelve Prunes, Violet 
 Electuarium Amarum minus. \ flowers a handful, French Barley, the seed 
 
 Or the lesser bitter Electuary. { of Annis, and bastard Saffron, Polypodium 
 
 College^ Take of Epithimum half an! of the Oak, of each five drams, Maiden 
 ounce, the roots of Angelica three drams, j hair, Thyme, Epithimum, of each half a 
 of Gentian, Zedoary, Acorus, of each two* handful, Raisins of the Sun stoned half an 
 drains, Cinnamon one dram and an half, \ ounce, sweet Fennel seeds two drams, the 
 Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Saffron, of each j seeds of Purslain, and Mallows, of each 
 one dram, Aloes six ounces, with Syrup of three drams, Liquorice half an ounce, boil 
 Fumitory, Scabious and Sugar so much as ' them in a sufficient quantity of water, strain 
 is sufficient to make it into a soft electuary. I them and dissolve in the decoction, pulp of 
 
 Culpeper.'] Both these purge choler, the; Cassia two pounds, of Tamarinds ?,si ounce, 
 former ftegm, and this melancholy, the: Cinnamon three drams, Sugar a. pound, 
 former works strongest, and this strengthens i boil it into the form of an electuary, 
 most, and is good for such whose brains are ; Cassia exiracta cum soliis Set^. 
 
 annoyed. You may take half an ounce of 1 Or Cassia extracted with the leaves of Sena, 
 the former, if your body be any thing j College^ Take of the formei receipt 
 strong, in white Wine, if very strong an; two pounds, Sena in powder two ounces, 
 ounce, a reasonable body may take an i mix them according to art. 
 ounce of the latter, the weak less. I would i Culpeper.] This is also a fine cool gentle 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 333 
 
 purge, cleansing the bowels of choler and \ aforesaid pulp, the pulp of Cassia, and 
 melancholy without any griping, very fit | Tamarinds, of each, one ounce, then mix 
 for feverish bodies, and yet the former is : with it these powders following : Sanders 
 gentler than this. They both cleanse and j white and red, Spodium, Rhubarb, of each 
 cool the reins ; a reasonable body may take j three drams, red Roses, Violets, the seeds 
 an ounce and an half of the former, and an ! of Purslain, Succory, Barberries, Gum 
 ounce of the latter in white Wine, if they : Tragacanth, Liquorice, Cinnamon, of each 
 keep the house, or their bodies be oppressed two drams, the four greater cold seeds, of 
 
 with melancholy, let them take half the 
 quantity in four ounces of decoction of 
 
 each one dram, make it into an electuary 
 according to art. 
 
 Epithimum. Cvlpeper.~] It may safely, and is with 
 
 Diacarthamum. ! good success, given in acute, burning, ami 
 
 College."] Take of Diatragacanthum | all other fevers, for it cools much, and 
 frigidum, half an ounce, pulp of preserved \ loosens the body gently: it is good in agues, 
 Quinces an ounce, the inside of the seeds of j hectic fevers, and Mirasmos. You may 
 Bastard Saffron half an ounce, Ginger two ! take an ounce of it at a time, at night when 
 drams, Diacrydium beaten by itself three { you go to bed, three hours after a light 
 drams, Turbith six drams, Manna two I supper, neither need you keep your cham- 
 ounces, Honey of Roses solutive, Sugar ! ber next day, unless the weather be very 
 Candy, of each an ounce, Hermodactils half j cold, or your body very tender, 
 an ounce, Sugar ten ounces and an half, Diaprunum solutive. 
 
 make of them a liquid electuary according ' College^] Take of Diaprunum Lenitive 
 to art. i whilst it is warm, four pounds, Scammony 
 
 Diaphomicon. \ prepared two ounce and five drams, mix 
 
 College^] Take of the pulp of Dates ; them into an electuary according to art. 
 boiled in Hydromel, Penids, of each half ; Seeing the dose of Scammony is increased 
 n pound, sweet Almonds blanched, three > according to the author in this medicine, 
 ounces and an half, to all of them being : you may use a less weight of Scammony if 
 bruised and mixed, add clarified Honey j you please, 
 two pounds, boil them a little, and then j Catholicon. 
 
 strew in Ginger, long Pepper, Mace, Cin- | College.] Take of the pulp of Cassia 
 namon, Rue leaves, the seeds of Fennel and < and Tamarinds, the leaves of Sena, of each 
 Carrots, of each two drams, Turbith four \ two ounces, Polypodium, Violets, Rhubarb, 
 ounces, Diacridium an ounce and an half, i of each one ounce, Annis seeds, Penids, 
 make of them an electuary according to ; Sugar Candy, Liquorice, the seeds of 
 art: i Gourds, Citruls, Cucumbers, Melons, of 
 
 Culpeper."] I cannot believe this is so ' each two drams, the things to be bruised 
 
 profitable in fevers taken downwards as s being bruised, take of fresh Polypodium 
 
 authors say, for it is a very violent purge. I three ounces, sweet Fennel seeds six drams, 
 
 Diaprunum Lenitive. j boil them in four pounds of water till the 
 
 College.'] Take one hundred Damask j third part be consumed, strain it, and with 
 Prunes, boil them in water till they be soft, | two pounds of sugar, boil the decoction to 
 then pulp them, and in the liquor they were I the thickness of a Syrup ; then with the 
 boiled in, boil gently one of Violet flowers, : pulps and powder make it into an elec- 
 strain it, and with two pounds of sugar boil j tuary according to art. 
 it to a Syrup, then add half a pound of the ; Culpeper.~] It is a fine cooling purge for 
 
334 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 any part of the body, and very gentle, it too much ; you may take it in white wine, 
 may be given (an ounce, or half an ounce -and keep yourself warm. If you would 
 at a time, according to the strength of the \ have my opinion of it, I do not like it. 
 patient) in acute, or peracute diseases, for it j Confectio Hamech. 
 
 gently loosens the belly, and adds strength, \ College^] Take of the bark of Citron, 
 it helps infirmities of the liver and spleen, | Myrobalans two ounces, Myrobalans, 
 gouts of all sorts, quotidian, tertian, andChebs and blacks, Violets, Colocynthis, 
 quartan agues, as also hrad-aches. It is j Polypodium of the Oak, of each one ounce 
 usually given in clysters. If you like to j and an half, Wormwood, Thyme, of each 
 take it inwardly, you may take an onnce at \ half an ounce, the seeds of Annis, and 
 
 night going to bed ; in the morning drink 
 a draught of hot posset drink and go about 
 
 Fennel, the flowers of red Roses of each 
 three drams, let all of them being bruised, 
 
 your business. be infused one day in six pounds of Whey, 
 
 Electuarium de Citro Solutivum. \ then boiled till half be consumed, rubbed 
 
 Or Electuary of Citrons, solutive. I with your hands and pressed out : to the 
 College.'] Take of Citron pills preserved, ' decoction add juice of Fumitory, pulp of 
 conserves of the flowers of Violets and ; Prunes, and Raisins of the Sun, of each 
 Bugloss, Diatragacanthum frigidum, Dia-j half a pound, white Sugar, clarified Honey, 
 crydium, of each half an ounce, Turbith \ of each one pound, boil it to the thickness 
 five drams, Ginger half a dram, Sena six} of Honey, strewing in towards the end. 
 drarns, sweet Fennel seeds one dram, white iAgarick trochiscated, Sena of each two 
 sugar dissolved in Rose-water, and boiled \ ounces, Rhubarb one ounce and an half 
 
 according to an, ten ounces, make a solid 
 electuary according to art. 
 
 Culpeper.~\ Here are some things very 
 
 Epithimum one ounce, Diacrydium six 
 drams, Cinnamon half an ounce, Ginger 
 two drams, the seeds of Fumitory and 
 
 cordial, others purge violently, both put! Annis, Spikenard, of each one dram, make 
 together, make a composition no way pleas- j it into an electuary according to art. 
 ing to me; therefore I account it a pretty j Culpepfr.~] The receipt is chiefly appro- 
 receipt, good for nothing. ;priated a^ a purge for melancholy and salt 
 Electuarium Elescofk jtiegm, and diseases thence arising, as scabs, 
 
 College^} Take of Diacrydiuin. Turbith, I itch, leprosies, cancers, infirmities of the 
 of each six drams, Cloves, Cinnamon, Gin- ; skin, it purges adust humours, and is good 
 ger, Myrobalans, Emblicks, Nutmegs, ; against madness, melancholy, forgetfulness, 
 Polypodium, of each two drams and an j vertigo. It purges very violently, and is 
 lialf, Sugar six ounces, clarified Honey ten j not safe given alone. I would advise the 
 ounces, make it into an electuary according | unskilful not to meddle with it inward-!y : 
 to art. j You may give half an ounce of it in clys- 
 
 CulpeperJ] It purges choler and flegm, | ters, in melancholy diseases, which com- 
 :md wind from all parts of the body, helps j monly have astringency a constant coin- 
 pains of the joints and sides, the cholic, it'panion with them, 
 cleanses the reins and bladder, yet I advise | Electuarium Lenititmm. 
 
 you not to take too much of it at a time, for ! Or Lenitive Electuary, 
 
 it works prcity violently, let half an ounce! 4 College^] Take of Raisins of the Sun 
 be the most, for such whose bodies are; stoned, Polypodium of the Oak, Sena, of 
 strong, always remembering that you had 5 each two ounces, Mercury one handful and 
 better ten times take too little, than once an half, Jujubes, Sebestens, of each twen:y, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 335 
 
 Maidenhair, Violets, French Barley, of each \ in powder, and so make it into an electuary 
 
 one handful, Damask Prunes stoned, j according to art. 
 
 Tamarinds of each six drams, Liquorice I Culpeper.] It purges choler, and is good 
 
 half an ounce, boil them in ten pounds of* in tertian agues, and diseases of the joints, 
 
 water till two parts of the three be con- -it purges violently, therefore let it be warily 
 
 sumed ; strain it, and dissolve in the decoc- j given. 
 
 tion, pulp of Cassia, Tamarinds, and fresh \ Hiera Picra simple. 
 
 Prunes, Sugar of Violets, of each six ounces, s College.'] Take of Cinnamon, Xylobal- 
 
 Sugar two pounds, at last add powder ofisamurn, or wood of Aloes, the roots of 
 
 Sena leaves, one ounce and an half, Annis Asarabacca, Spikenard, Mastich, Saffron, 
 
 seeds in powder, two drams to each pound ; of eacli six arams, Aloes not washed twelve 
 
 of electuary, and so bring it into the form jounces and an half, clarified Honey four 
 
 of an electuary according to art. ! pounds and three ounces, mix them into an 
 
 CulpeperJ] It gently opens and molifies | electuary according to art. Also you may 
 the bowels, brings forth choler, rlegm, and ; keep the species by itself in your shops, 
 melancnoly, and that without trouble, it is | Culpeper.'] It is an excellent remedy for 
 cooling, and therefore is profitable in pleu- { vicious juices which lie furling the tunicle 
 risies, and for wounded |>eople : A man of j of the stomach, and such idle fancies and 
 reasonable strengtn may take an ounce! symptoms which the brain suffers thereby, 
 of it going to bed, which will work next j whereby some think they see, others that 
 morning. , v hey hear strange things, especially when 
 
 Elect uarium Passulatitm. \ they are in bed, and between sleeping and 
 
 College.] Take of fresh Poly podium j ';' akin S : besides this, it very gently purges 
 roots three ounces, fresh Marsh-mallow! the bel1 ^, and hel P s such women as are no 
 roots, Sena, of each two ounces, Annis } sufficiently purged after their travail, 
 seeds two drams, steep them in a glazed i , I *?* ^gonck. 
 
 vessel, in a sufficient quantity of spring! College.] Take of species Hiera, simple 
 water, boil them according to art; strain it J wlthout Aloes ' A g ar 'ck trochiscated, of 
 and with pulp of Raisins of the Sun half aj each hal ( an , oun T ( l e ' A] not washec ! one 
 pound, white Sugar, Manna, of each four j ounce ' clarified Honey six ounces, mix it, 
 ounces, boil it to the thickness of a Cydo-j and make ll mto an Actuary according to 
 niate, and renew it four times a year. j art ' 
 
 CidpeperA It gently purges both choler I 4 Culpmer.l Look but to the virtues of 
 and melancholy, cleanses the reins and ; Aganck and add them to the virtues of the 
 bladder, and therefore is good for the stone J former receipt, so is the business done with- 
 and gravel in the kidneys. ! out an >' further trouble. 
 
 _, Hiera Logadtt. 
 
 Electuanum e succo Rosarum. College^ Take of Coloquintida, Poly- 
 
 Or Electuary of the Juice of Roses. f podium, of each two drams, Euphorbium, 
 
 College.'] Take of Sugar, the juice of j Poley mountain, the seeds of Spurge, of 
 red Roses clarified, of each a pound and leach one dram and an half, and six grains, 
 four ounces, the three sorts of Sanders of j Wormwood, Myrrh, of each one dram and 
 each six drams, Spodium three drams, i twelve grains, Centaury the less, Agarick, 
 Diacydonium twelve drams, Camphire a j Gum Ammoniacum, Indian leaf or Mace, 
 scruple, let the juice be boiled with the J Spikenard, Squills prepared, Diacrydium 
 sugar to its just thickness, then add the rest ' of each one dram, Aloes, Thyme llerman- 
 
 4* 
 
336 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 cler, Cassia Lignea, Bdellum, Horchound, \ half an ounce, filings of steel prepared with 
 of each one scruple and fourteen grains, \ Vinegar twenty drams, let the Myrobalans 
 Cinnamon, Oppopanax. Castorium, long j be roasted with fresh butter, let therest, being 
 Birlhwort, the three sorts of Pepper, j powdered, be sprinkled with oil of sweet 
 Sagapen, Saffron, Parsley of each twodrams, Almonds, then add Musk one dram, and 
 Hellebore black and white, of each six \ with their treble weight in Honey, make it 
 grains, clarified Honey a pound and a half, ! into an electuary according to art. 
 mix them, and make of them an electuary j Culpeper.'] It helps the immoderate 
 according to art. Let the species be kept \ flowing of the menses in women, and the 
 dry in your shops. \ haemorrhoids in men, it helps weakness of 
 
 Culpeper.'] It takes away by the roots | the stomach, and restores colour lost, it 
 daily evils coming of melancholy, falling- frees the body from crude humours, and 
 
 sickness, vertigo, convulsions, megrim, 
 leprosies, and many other infirmities ; for 
 
 strengthens the bladder, helps melancholy, 
 and rectifies the distempers of the spleen. 
 
 or 
 
 morning, 
 
 my part I should be loth to lake it inwardly j You may take a dram in the 
 unless upon desperate occasions, or in \ two if your body be any thing strong, 
 clysters. It may well take away diseases \ Triphera sohttive. 
 
 by the roots, if it takes away life and all. College.'] Take of Diacrydium, ten 
 
 Hiera Diacolocynthidos. \ drams, Turbith, an ounce and an half, 
 
 College.'] Take of Colocynthis, Agarick, 
 Germander, white Horehound, Stoechas, of 
 each ten drams, Opopanax, Saga pen, Parsley 
 
 seeds, round Birthwort roots, white Pepper 
 of each five drams, Spikenard, Cinnamon, 
 Myrrh, Indian leaf or Mace, Saffron, of 
 
 Cardamoms the less, Cloves, Cinnamon, 
 Honey, of each three drams, yellow San- 
 ders, Liquorice, sweet Fennel seeds, of each 
 half an ounce, Acorns, Schoenanth, of each 
 a dram, red Roses, Citron pills preserved, 
 of each three drams, Violets two drams, 
 
 each four drams, bruise the Gums in a j Penids four ounces, white Sugar half a 
 
 pound, Honey clarified in juice of Apples 
 one pound, make an electuary according to 
 
 mortar, sift the rest, and with three pounds 
 of clarified honey, three ounces and five 
 
 drams, make it into an electuary according | art. 
 
 to art. 
 
 Culpeper.'] It helps the falling-sickness, 
 madness, and the pain in the head called 
 Kephalalgia, pains in the breastand stomach 
 whether they come by sickness or bruises, 
 
 Culpeper.] The Diacrydium and Tur- 
 
 bith, are a couple of untoward purges, the 
 
 rest are all cordials. 
 
 Athanasia Mithridatis. Galen. 
 College.'] Take of Cinnamon, Cassia, 
 
 pains in the loins or buck-bone, hardness of I Schoenanth, of each an ounce and an half, 
 womens breasts, putrefaction of meat in the i Saffron, Myrrh, of each one ounce, Costus, 
 
 stomach, and sour belchines. It is but 
 
 Spignel, (Meum,) 
 
 used seldom and therefore hard to be gotten, ! perhaps they mean 
 
 Triphera the greater. 
 
 College.'] Take of Myrobalans, Chebs, 
 Bellericks, Inds and Emblicks, Nutmegs, 
 of each five drams, Water-cress seeds, 
 Asarabacca roots, Persian Origanum, or 
 cist, .L/ittany of Crete, black Pepper, Oli- 
 hauutu, Ammi, Ginger, Tamarisk, Indian 
 Nard, Squinanth, Cypress roots of each j 
 
 Acorus, (Water-flag 
 See the root in the 
 
 Catalogue of Simples,) Agarick, Scordium, 
 Carrots, Parsley, of each half an ounce, 
 white Pepper eleven grains, Honey so much 
 as is sufficient to make it into an electuary 
 according to art. 
 
 Culpeper. ,] It prevails against poison, 
 and the bitings of venomous beasts, and 
 helps such whose meat putrifies in their 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 SSI 
 
 stomach, stays vomiting of blood, helps t Calamitis two drams and an half, Sugar 
 old coughs, and cold diseases in the liver, t dissolved in Hyssop water, and clarified 
 spleen, bladder, and matrix. The dose is : Honey, of each twice the weight of all the 
 half a dram. j rest, make them into an electuary accord- 
 
 Electuarium scoriaferri. Rhasis. j ing to art. 
 
 College.'] Take of the flakes of Iron in- \ Culpeper.~] The electuary is chiefly ap 
 fused in Vinegar seven days and dried, j propriated to the lungs, and helps cold in- 
 three drams, Indian Spikenard, Schoenanth, \ firmities of them, as asthmaes, coughs, dif- 
 Cypress, Ginger, Pepper, Bishop's weed, *--*-- -' 
 Frankincense, of each half an ounce, 
 Myrobalans, Indian Bellericks, and Em- 
 blicks, Honey boiled with the decoction 
 of Emblicks, sixteen ounces, mix them 
 
 ficulty of breathing, &c. You may take it 
 with a Liquorice stick, or on the point of 
 a knife, a little of it at a time, and often. 
 Diasaiyrion. Nich. 
 
 r . , _ , College] Take of the roots of Satyriou 
 
 together, and make of them an electuary. J fresh and sound, garden Parsnips, Eringo, 
 Culpeper.~\ The medicine heats the spleen Pine-nuts, Indian Nuts, or if Indian Nuts, 
 gently, purges melancholy, eases pains in be wanting, take the double quantity of 
 the stomach and spleen, and strengthens Pine-nuts, Fistic-nuts, of each one ounce 
 digestion. People that are strong may take I and an half, Cloves, Ginger, the seeds of 
 half an ounce in the morning fasting, and j Annis, Rocket, Ash Keys, of each five 
 weak people three 
 remedy for pains 
 
 drams. It is a good {drams, Cinnamon, the tails and loins of 
 and hardness of the jScincus, the seeds of Bulbus Nettles, of each 
 
 two drams and an half, Musk seven grains, 
 of the best sugar dissolved in Malaga Wine, 
 three pounds, make it into an electuary 
 
 spleen. 
 
 Confectio Humain. Mesua. 
 
 College.] Take of Eyebright two ounces, 
 Fennel seeds five drams, Cloves, Cinnamon, ; according to art. 
 Cubebs, long Pepper, Mace, of each one | Culpeper] It helps weakness of the 
 .Iram, beat them all into powder, and with j reins and bladder, and such as make water 
 clarified Honey one pound, in which boil \ with difficulty, it provokes lust exceedingly, 
 juice of Fennel one ounce, juice of Celan- j and speedily helps such as are impotent in 
 dine and Rue, of each half an ounce, and] the acts of Venus. You may take two 
 with the powders make it up into an elec- 
 tuary. 
 
 Culpeper."] It is chiefly appropriated to 
 the brain and heart, quickens the senses, 
 especially the sight, and resists the pesti- 
 lejjce. You may take half a dram if your 
 
 drams or more at a time. 
 Matthiolus's 
 
 Poison 
 
 great antidote against 
 and Pestilence. 
 College.'] Take of Rhubarb, Rhapontic, 
 Valerian roots, the roots of Acorus, or 
 Calamus Aromaticus, Cypress, Cinquefoyl, 
 
 body be hot, a dram if cold, in the morning j Tormentil, round Birthwort, male Peony, 
 fasting. I Elecampane, Costus, Illirick, Orris, white 
 
 Diaireos Solomonis. Nich. 
 
 College.] Take of Orris roots one ounce, 
 Pennyroyal, Hyssop, Liquorice, of each six 
 
 Chamelion, or Avens, of each three drams, 
 the Roots of Galanga, Masterwort, white 
 Dictamni, Angelica, Yarrow, Fillipendula 
 
 drams, Tragacanth, white Starch, bitter j or Dropwort, Zedoary, Ginger, of each 
 Almonds, Pine-nuts, Cinnamon, Ginger, j two drams, Rosemary, Gentian, Devil's-bit, 
 Pepper, of each three drams, fat Figs, the [ of each two drams and an half, the seeds 
 pulp of Raisins of the Sun, and Dates, of {of Citrons, and Agnus Castus, the berries 
 each three drams and an half, Styrax. ' of Kermes, the seeds of Ash-tree, Sorrel, 
 
338 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 wild Parsnips, Navew, -Nigella, Peony the \ choice Honey eight pounds six ounces 
 male, Bazil, Hedge Mustard, (Irio) Treacle! These being all chosen and prepared wiUi 
 Mustard, Fennel, Bishop's-weed, of each j diligence and art, let them be made into an 
 two drams, the berries of Bay, Juniper, [electuary just as Treacle or Mithridate is. 
 and Ivy, Sarsaparilla, (or for want of it the j Culpeper.~] The title shews you the scope 
 double weight of Cubebs,) Cubebs, of each! of the author in compiling it, I believe it is 
 one dram and an half, the leaves of Scor- i excellent for those uses. The dose of this 
 dium, Germander, Chamepitys, Centaury | is from a scruple to four scruples, or a dram 
 the less, Stcechas, Celtic Spikenard, Gala-; and an half: It provokes sweating abun- 
 rninth, Rue, Mints, Belony, Vervain, jdanlly, and in this or any other sweating 
 Scabious, Carduus Benediclus, Bawm, ofj medicine, order your body thus : Take it in 
 each one dram and an half, Dittany of! bed, and cover yourself warm, in your 
 Crete three drams, Maijoram, St. John's ; sweating, drink posset-drink as hot as you 
 Wort, Schcenanlh, Horehoimd, Goats Rue, jean, if it be fora fever, boil Sorrel and red 
 Savin, Burnel, of each -two drams, Figs, { Sage in posset-drink, sweat an hour or two if 
 Walnuts, Fistic-nuts, of each three ounces, your strength will bear it, then the chamber 
 Ernblicks, Myrobalans half an ounce, the t being kept very warm, shift yourself all but 
 flowers of Violets, Borrage, Bugloss, Roses, \ your head, about which (your rap which 
 Lavender, Sage, Rosemary, of each four; you sweat in being kept on) wrap a hot 
 scruples, SaflroM tlireedrams, Cassia Lignea,j napkin, which will be a means lo repel the 
 ten drams, Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, of each j. vapours back. This I hold the best method 
 two drams and an half, black Pepper, long | for sweating in levers and pestilences, in 
 Pepper, all the three sorts of Sanders, wood | which this electuary is very good. I am 
 of Aloes, of each one dram and an half, | very lolh lo leave out this medicine, which 
 Hart's-horn half an ounce, Unicorn's-horn, j if it were stretched out, and cut in thongs, 
 or in its stead, Bezoar stone, one dram, i would reach round the world, 
 bone in a Stag's heart, Ivory, Stag's pixxle, j Ref/uics. Nieholaus. 
 
 Castoreum, of each four scruples, Earth of| Col/ege.~] Take of red Rose leaves, the 
 Lemnos three drams, Opium one dram and : whites being cutoff, blue Violets, of each 
 an half, Orient Pearls, Emeralds, Jacinth,! three drams, Opium of Thebes, dissolved 
 red Coral, of each one dram and an half, in Wine, the seeds of white Henbane, 
 Camphire two drams, Gum Arabic, Mastich, j Poppies white and black, the roots of Man- 
 Frankincense, Styrax, Turpentine, Saga- j drakes, the seeds of Endive, Purslain, garden 
 penum, Opopanax, Laserpitium, or Myrrh, j Lettuce, Psyllium, Spodium, Gum Traga- 
 of each two drams and an half, Musk, ! eanth, of each two scruples and five grains, 
 Ambergris, of each one dram, oil of Vitriol \ Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Ginger, of each a dram 
 naif an ounce, species cordiales temperatae, land an half. Sanders, yellow, white, and 
 Diamargariton, Diamoscu, Diambra, Elec-jred, of each a dram and an half, Sugar 
 tuarij de Gemmis, Troches of Camphire, ! tnree times their weight, dissolved in Roso- 
 of Squills, of each two drams and an half, ; water : mix them together, and make of 
 Troches of Vipers two ounces, the juice of | them an electuary according to art. 
 Sorrel, Sow Thistles, Scordium, Vipers Bug- i Culpeper^} I like not the receipt taken 
 loss, Borrage, Bawm, of each half a pound, i inwardly. 
 
 Hypocistis two drams, of the best Treacle; Electitarium Regime Colwiicns. 
 
 and Mithridate, of each six ounces, old | CollegeJ] Take of the seeds of Saxifrage 
 Wine three pounds, of the best Sugar, or* and Cromwell, juice of Liquorice, of each 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 389 
 
 half an ounce, the seeds of Caraway, j Pilulce Aggregative. 
 
 Annis, Smallage, Fennel, Parsley of Mace- \ College.'] Take of Citron, Myrobalans, 
 donia, Broom, Carrots, Bruscus, Asparagus, ! Rhubarb, of each half an ounce, juice of 
 Lovage, Cummin, Juniper, Rue, Silerj Agrimony and Wormwood made thick, of 
 Mountain, the seeds of Acorus, Pennyroyal, i each two drams, Diagridium five drams, 
 Cinquefoyl, Bay berries, of each two drams, \ Agarick, Colocynthis, Poly podium of each 
 Indian Spikenard, Schoenanth, Amber, : twodrams,Turbith, Aloes, of each six drams, 
 Valerian, Hog's Fennel, Lapis Lincis, of ; Mastich, red Roses, Sal. Gem. Epithy mum, 
 each a dram and an half, Galanga, Ginger, j Annis, Ginger, of each a dram, with Syrup 
 Turbith, of each two drams, Sena an ounce, { of Damask Roses, make it into a mass 
 Goat's blood prepared half an ounce, mix ; according to art. 
 
 them together : first beat them into powder, ! CulpeperJ] It purges the head of choler, 
 then make them into an electuary accord- j flegm and melancholy, and that stoutly : it 
 ing to art, with three times their weight in ; is good against quotidian agues, and faults 
 Sugar dissolved in white Wine. j in the stomach and liver, yet because it is 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is an excellent remedy for \ well corrected if you take but half a dram 
 the stone and wind cholic, a dram ot it j at a time, and keep yourself warm, I sup- 
 taken every morning : I assure such as are 5 pose you may take it without danger, 
 troubled with such diseases, I commend it \ Pilulte Alsphangince. 
 
 to them as a jewel. College.'] Take of Cinnamon, Cloves, 
 
 J Cardamoms the less, Nutmegs, Mace, Cala- 
 | mus ArornaticuSjCarpobalsamum, or Juniper 
 
 I berries, Squinanth, Wood of Aloes, yellow 
 ILLS. Sanders, red Roses dried, Wormwood, of 
 
 r, . -i Tvn r< i 11 j * each half an ounce, let the tincture be taken 
 
 Culpeper.] Pills in Greek are called, 5 r . i 
 
 Katopotia, in Latin, Pilul* : which signifies { *<* the * e > bein *f grossly bnmed m spirit 
 little balls, because they are made up in such j <? Wme ' th , e v ? ? bein f d S , e St Pf d ; m 
 a form, that thay may be the better swallow- ! Jree pounds of this tincture bang j strained, 
 
 ed down, by reason of the offensiveness of^'f ^ 6 ^^f^-TM 1 v! f T^Tr 
 t h i r t t | solved, add Mastich, Myrrh, ot each half 
 
 . i an ounce, Saffron two drams, Balsam of 
 
 1 ilulce de Aganco. . p eru one d ram> the superfluous liquor being 
 
 Or Pills of Agarick , consumed, either over hot ashes, or a bath, 
 
 College^] Take of Agarick three drams, i bring it into a mass of pills. 
 
 ow own blue Orris roots, Mastich, Hore- j Culpeper.'] It cleanses both stomach and 
 
 hound, of each one dram, Turbith five brain of gross and putrified humours, and 
 
 drams, Species Hio-ra Picra half an ounce, j sets the senses free when they are thereby 
 Colocynthis, Sarcocol, of each two drams, j troubled, it cleanses the brain offended by 
 Myrrh one dram, Sapa as much as is suf- i ill humours, wind, &c. helps vertigo and 
 ficient to make it into a mass according to ', head-aches, and strengthens the brain ex- 
 art. I ceedingly,helpsconcoction, and strengthens 
 Culpeper.'] It was invented to cleanse the stomach, one dram taken at night going 
 the breast and lungs of flegtn, it works i lo bed, will work gently next day : if the 
 pretty strongly. Half a dram at a time j parly be weak, you may give Jess, if strong 
 keeping yourself warm,) cannot well do you j more. If you take but half a dram, you 
 narm, unless your body be very weak. 5 may po abroad the next day: but if yov take 
 
 4 s 
 
340 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 a dram, you may keep the house ; there | Pilula Cochite, (he greater. 
 
 can be no harm in that. \ College."] Take of Species, Hiera Picra, 
 
 Pilula de Aloe Lota. \ ten drams, Troch, Alhandal, three drams 
 
 Or Pills of washed Aloes. {and an half, Diacrydium two drams and 
 
 College.'] Take of Aloes Avashed with Jan half, Turbith, Strechas, of each five 
 juice of red Roses, one ounce, Agarick three I drams, with a sufficient quantity of Syrup 
 drams, Mastich two drams, Diamoscu j of Stoechas, make it into a mass, according 
 Dulce half a dram, Syrup of Damask-roses, j to art. 
 
 so much as is sufficient to make it into a i Culpeper.'] It is held to purge the heart, 
 mass according to art. 5 but it is but a dogged purge at best, and 
 
 Culpeper.~] It purges both brain, stomach, j must be given only to 'Strong bodies, and 
 bowels, and eyes of putrified humours, and : but half a dram at a time, and yet with 
 also strengthens them. Use these as 'the ; great care, 
 succeeding. Pihdte Cochite, the less. 
 
 Aloe Rosata. College.'] Take of Aloes, Scammony, 
 
 College.'] Take of Aloes in powder four | Colocynthis, of each one ounce, with equal 
 ounces, juice of Damask Roses clarified one | parts of Syrup of Wormwood, and of purg- 
 pound, mix them and digest them in the; ing thoin, make it into a mass according to 
 sun, or in a bath, till the superfluous liquor \ art. 
 
 be drawn off, digest it, and evaporate it I Pilnlte de Cynoglosso. 
 
 four times over, and keep the mass. Or Pills of Hound's-tongue. 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is a gallant gentle purger of | College.'] Take of the Roots of Hound's- 
 choler, frees the stomach from superfluous ! tongue dried, white Henbane seed, Opium 
 humours, opens stoppings, and other infir-; prepared, of each half an ounce, Myrrh 
 mities of the body proceeding from cholerjsix drams, Olibanum five drams, Saffron, 
 aacl flegm, as yellow jaundice, &c. and j Castoreum, Styrax, Calarnitis, of each one 
 strengthens the body exceedingly. Take a I dram and an half, with Syrup of StcEchas, 
 scruple, or half a dram at night going to j make it into a mass. 
 
 bed, you may walk abroad, for it will hardly | Culpeper.'] It stays hot rheums that fall 
 
 work till next day in the afternoon. j down upon the lungs, therefore is good in 
 
 Pilules Aurece. j phthisics, also it miti-gatcs pain, a scruple is 
 
 College.'] Take of Aloes, Diacrydium, j enough to take at a time going to bed, and 
 of each five drams, red Roses, Srnallage j too much if your body be weak : have a 
 seeds, of rach two drams and an half, the care of opiates for fear they make you sleep 
 seeds of Annis and Fennel, of each one j your last. 
 Irani and an half, Mastich, Saffron, Troch, | Piluke ex Duobus. 
 
 Alhandal, of each one dram, with a sufficients Or Pills of two things, 
 
 quantity of Honey Roses, make it into a ; College.'] Take of Colocynthis, and 
 mass according to art. jScamony, of each one ounce, oil of Cloves 
 
 Culpeper.'] They are held to purge the las much as is sufficient to malax them well, 
 head, to quicken the senses, especially the j then with a little Syrup of purging Thorn, 
 sight, and to expel wind from the bowels, \ make it into a mass, 
 but works something harshly. Half a dram \ Piltdfe de Eupatorio. 
 
 is the utmost dose, keep the fire, take themj Or Pills of Eupatorium. 
 
 in the morning, and sleep after them, they* College."] Take of the juice of Maudlin, 
 will work before noon. and Wormwood made thick, Citron, Myro- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 341 
 
 balans, of each three drams, Rhubarb three | dram and an half, with the Syrup of the 
 drams and an half, Mastich one dram, Aloes > juice of Coleworts made with honey, make it 
 five drams, Saffron half a dram, Syrup of! into a mass according to art. 
 the juice of Endive, as much as is sufficient { Culpeper.] They are good against the 
 to make it into a mass. j gout, and other cold afflictions of the joints 
 
 Culpeper.] It is a gallant gentle purge, | These are more moderate by half than 
 and strengthening, fitted for such bodies as j PUulce Fostidce, and appropriated to the 
 are much weakned by disease of choler. | same diseases. 
 
 The author appropriates it to such as have \ Pilule de Hiera cum Agarico. 
 
 tertian agues, the yellow jaundice, ob- \ Or Pills of Hiera with Agarick. 
 
 structions or stoppings of the liver ; half a j College.'] Take of Species Hiera Picra, 
 dram taken at night going to bed, will work* Agarick, of each half an ounce, Aloes one 
 with an ordinary body, the next day by | ounce, Honey Roses so much as is sufficient 
 noon. I to make it into a mass according to art. 
 
 PUulce FatidfT. Pilula Imperiales. 
 
 Or Stinking Pills. Or Imperial Pills. 
 
 College.'] Take of Aloes, Colocynthis, : College.] Take of Aloes two ounces, 
 Armnoniacum,Sagapen, Myrrh, Rue-seeds, | Rhubarb one ounce and an half, Agarick, 
 Epithymum, of each five drams, Scamony ! Sena, of each one ounce, Cinnamon three 
 three drams, the roots of Turbith half an j drams, Ginger two drams, Nutmegs, Cloves, 
 ounce, the roots of Spurge the less prepared, i Spikenard, Mastich, of each one dram 
 Hermodactils of each two drams, Ginger [with Syrup of Violets, make it into a mass 
 one dram and an half, Spikenard, Cinnamon, j according to art. 
 
 Saffron, Castoreum, of each one dram, \ Culpeper.] It cleanses the body of iiiixt 
 Euphorbium prepared two scruples, dissolve! humours, and strengthens the stomach ex- 
 the Gums in juice of Leeks, and with t ceedingly, as also the bowels, liver, and 
 Syrup made with the juice of Loeks and j natural spirits : it is good for cold natures, 
 Sugar, make it into a mass. | and cheers the spirits. The dose is a scruple 
 
 Culpeper."] They purge gross and raw \ or half a dram, taken at night, 
 riegm, and diseases thereof arising ; gouts \ Pilules de Lapide Lazuli. 
 
 of all sorts, pains in the back-bone, and j Or Pills of Lapis Lazuli, 
 
 other joints: it is good against leprosies, \ College.] Take of Lapis Lazuli in pow- 
 and other such like infirmities of the skin, jder and well washed, five drams, Epithy- 
 I fancy not the receipt much. 
 
 Pilulte dt Hermodactilis. 
 
 Polypodium, Agarick, of each 
 ounce, Scarnony, black Hellebore roots 
 
 Or Pills of Hermodactils. j Sal. Gem. of each two drams and an half, 
 
 College.] Take of Sagapen six drams, j Cloves, Annis seeds, of each half an ounct 
 Opopanax three drams, melt them in warm! Species Hiera simple fifteen drams, with 
 juice of Coleworts, so much as is sufficient, t Syrup of the juice of Fumitory, make it 
 then strain it through a convenient rag, }into a mass according to art. 
 afterwards boil it to a mean thickness, then | CulpeperJ] It purges melancholy very 
 take of Hermodactils, Aloes, Citron, Myro- 1 violently, 
 balans, Turbith, Coloquintida, soft Bdellium, ; Pihtlte Macri. 
 
 of each six drams, Euphorbi urn prepared,! College.'] Take of Aloes two ounces, 
 the seeds of Rue and Smallage, Castoreum, j Mastich half an ounce, dried Marjoram two 
 Sarcoco'. of each three drams, Saffron one drams, Salt of Wormwood one dram, make 
 
842 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 them all, being in powder, into amass ac-{the Gums being dissolved in clarified juice 
 cording to art with juice of Coleworts and ij of Coleworts, with Syrup of the juice of 
 Sugar, so much as is sufficient. i Coleworts, make them into a mass accord- 
 
 Culpeper.~\ It strengthens both stomach ! ing to art. 
 
 And brain, especially the nerves and mus- j Culpeper.'] It helps tremblings, palsies, 
 cles, and eases them of such humours as! gouts of all sorts, cleanses the joints, and is 
 afflict them, and hinder the motion of the I helpful for such as are troubled with cold 
 body, they open obstructions of the liver 1 afflictions of the nerves. It works violently 
 and spleen, and takes away diseases thence! Pilules Rudii. 
 
 College.'] Take of Coloquintida six drams, 
 Agarick, Scamony, the roots of black Helle- 
 
 commg. 
 
 PilulcB Mastichinee. 
 Or Mastich Pills. 
 
 bore, and Turbith, of each half an ounce, 
 
 College.] Take of Mastich two ounces, j Aloes one ounce, Diarrhodon Abbatis half 
 Aloes four ounces, Agarick, Species Hiera Jan ounce, let all of them (the Diarrh. Abbatis 
 simple, of each one ounce and an half, j excepted) be grossly bruised, and infused 
 with Syrup of Wormwood, make it into a 'eight days in the best spirits of Wine in a 
 mass according to art. \ vessel close stopped, in the sun, so that the 
 
 Culpeper] They purge very gently, but* liquor may swim at top the breadth of six 
 
 Sliengthen much, both head, brain, eyes, j fingers: afterwards infuse the Diarrhodon 
 
 belly, and reins. j Abbatis in the same manner four days in 
 
 Pilules Mechoacanfe. \ Aqua vitae, then having strained and 
 
 Or Pills of Mechoacan. ] pressed them hard, mix them both together, 
 
 College.'] Take of Mechoacan roots half I casting the dross away, and draw off the 
 an ounce, Turbith three drams, the leaves \ moisture in a glass Alernbick, and let the 
 of Spurge steeped in Vinegar and dried,-; thick matter remain in a mass, 
 the seeds of Walwort, Agarick trochiscated, ! Culpeper.'] It cleanses both head and 
 of each two drams, Spurge roots prepared, body of choler, flegm, and melancholy : it 
 
 Mastich, of each one dram and an half, 
 Mace, Cinnamon, Sal. Gem. of each two 
 
 must not be taken in any great quantity, 
 half a dram is sufficient for the strongest 
 
 scruples, beat them into powder, and with | body. 
 
 white Wine, bring them into a mass. When j Pilulce Russi. 
 
 it is dry, beat it into powder, and Avrth Syrup I College.l Take of Aloes two ounces, 
 
 _ m /- rv* l 1 f* 
 
 made with the juice of Orris roots and sugar, 
 make it the second time into a mass for 
 
 Myrrh one ounce, Saffron half an ounce, 
 with Syrup of the juice of Lemons, make 
 
 pills. it into a mass according to art. 
 
 Culpeper.'] They purge flegm very! Culpeper.'] A scruple taken at night 
 
 violently. |gi n g to l )e d is an excellent preservative in 
 
 Pihtlte de Opopanace. \ pestilential times ; also they cleanse the 
 
 Or Pills of Opopanax. 1 body of such humours as are gotten by sur- 
 
 College.'] Take of Opopanax, Sagapen, | feits, they strengthen the heart, and weak 
 Bdellium, Ammoniacum, Hermodactils, { stomachs, and work so easily that you need 
 Coloquintida, of each five drarns, Saffron, j not fear following your business the next 
 Castoreum, Myrrh, Ginger, white Pepper, j day. 
 Cassia Lignea, Citron, Myrobalans, of each ? Pilula sine Quibus. 
 
 one dram, Scamony two drams, Turbith i Or Pills without which 
 
 hajf an ounce, Aloes an ounce and an half, j College.l Take of washed Aloes fourteen 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 343 
 
 drains, Scammony prepared six drams, 5 of each two drams, Aloes five drams, Agaric 
 Agarick, Rhubarb, Sena, of each half an : a dram and an half, long Birth wort half a 
 ounce, Wormwood, red Roses exungulated, j dram, with Syrup of Wormwood make il 
 Violet flowers, Dodder, Mastich, of each j into a mass. 
 
 one dram, salt of Wormwood, of each half j Culpeper.'] It amends the evil state of a 
 a dram, with Syrup of the juice of Fennel ; woman's body, strengthens conception, and 
 made with Honey, make it into a mass j takes away what hinders it ; it gently purges 
 according to art. | choler and flegm, and leaves a binding, 
 
 Culpeper.] It purges flegm, choler, and | strengthening quality behind it. 
 melancholy from the head, makes the sight i Pilule ex Tribus. 
 
 and hearing good, and gives ease to a bur- i 
 dened brain. 
 
 Or Pills of three things. 
 College.'] Take of Mastich two ounces, 
 PilulcR Stomachics. \ Aloes four ounces, Agarick, Hiera simple, 
 
 Or Stomach Pills. j of each an ounce and an half, Rhubarb two 
 
 College.! Take of Aloes six drams, j ounces, Cinnamon two drams, with Syrup of 
 Mastich, red Roses, of each two drams, 1 Succory, make it into a mass according to 
 with Syrup of Wormwood, make it into a j art. 
 
 mass according to art. Culpeper.'] They gently purge choler, 
 
 Culpeper] They cleanseand strengthen the > and help diseases thence arising, as itch, 
 stomach, they cleanse but gently, strengthen scabs, wheals, c. They strengthen the 
 
 much, help digestion. 
 
 Pilula Stomachict cum Gitmmi. 
 Or Stomach Pills with Gums. 
 College.'] Take of Aloes an ounce, Sena? 
 
 stomach and liver, and open obstructions, as 
 also help the yellow jaundice. 
 
 Pilulee Turpeti Aureee. 
 College^] Take of Turbith two ounces, 
 
 ftve drams, Gum Amoniacum dissolved in \ Aloes an ounce and an half, Citron Myro- 
 Elder-flower Vinegar half an ounce, Mastich, ibalans ten drams, red Roses, Mastich, of 
 Myrrh, of each a dram and an half, Saffron, j each six drams, Saffron three drams, beat 
 salt of Wormwood, of each half a dram, j them all into powder, and with Syrup of 
 with Syrup of purging Thorn, make it into 5 Wormwood bring them into a mass. 
 a mass according to art. Culpeper.~\ They purge choler and flegm, 
 
 Culpeper.'] They work more strongly j and that with as much gentleness as can be 
 than the former. I desired ; also they strengthen the stomach 
 
 Pilulce e Styrace. jand liver, and help digestion. 
 
 Or Pills of Styrax. Laudanum. 
 
 College^] Take of Styrax Calamitis, | College.'] Take of Thebane Opium ex- 
 
 Olibanum, Myrrh, juice of Liquorice, \ traded in spirit of Wine, one ounce, Saffron 
 
 Opium, of each half an ounce, with Syrup! alike extracted, a dram and an half, Cas- 
 
 of white Poppies, make it into amass ac-jtorium one dram: let them be taken in 
 
 cording to art. | tincture of half an ounce of species Diambrae 
 
 Culpeper.'] They help such as are 5 newly made in spirit* of Wine, add to them 
 
 troubled with defluxion of rheum, coughs, j Ambergris, Musk, of each six grains, 
 
 and provoke sleep to such as cannot sleep foil of Nutmegs ten drops, evaporate tht 
 
 for coughing. i moisture away in a bath, and leave the 
 
 Pilulee de Succmo. : mass. 
 
 Or Pills of Amber i Culpeper.'] It was invented (and a gal- 
 
 College.'] Take of white Amber, Mastich, I lant invention it is) to mitigate violent 
 
 4 T 
 
344 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 pains, stop the fumes that trouble the brain | seldom used, and therefore are hardly to be 
 in fevers, (but beware of Opiates in the be- \ had. 
 
 ginning of fevers) to provoke sleep, take not 
 
 above two grains of it at a time, going to 
 
 ed ; if that provoke not sleep, the next 
 
 Pills of Rhubarb. Mesue. 
 Colkgc.'] Take of choice Rhubarb three 
 drams, Citron Myrobalans, Trochisci Diarr- 
 
 uight you may make bold with three. Have hodon, of each three drams and an half, 
 a care how you be too busy with such: juice of Liquorice, and juice of Wonn- 
 wedicines, lest you make a man sleep to j wood, Mastich, of each 'one dram, the seeds 
 doom's-day. jof Smallage and Fennel, of each half a 
 
 Nepenthes Opiatum. 5 dram, Species Hiera Picra simp. Galeni, 
 
 College.l Take of tincture of Opium j ten drams, with juice of Fennel not clarified, 
 made first with distilled Vinegar, then with | and Honc y so much as 1S sufficient, make it 
 spirit of Wine, Saffron extracted in spirit of j int ^, a mass ; 
 
 Wine, of each an ounce, salt of Pearl and { Culpeper] It purges choler, opens pb- 
 Coral, of each half an ounce, tincture of ; ^ructions of the liver, helps the yellow 
 species Diambraa seven drams, Ambergris jaundice, and dropsies in the beginning, 
 one dram : bring them into the form of Pills j strengthens the stomach and lungs. 
 by the gentle heat of a bath. , P^^abica Nicholaus 
 
 Cu&e/*r.] The operation is like the! College] Take of the best Aloes four 
 
 former ounces, Bnony roots, Myrobalans, Citrons, 
 
 ' ., 7 . iChebs, Indian Bellerick, and Emblick, 
 
 PdulvAssarreth. Avicenna. \ MM , Diagrydium, Asarabacca, Roses, 
 
 College.] Take of Species Hiera Pi era; of each an Ounc6j Castorium three drams, 
 Galeni one ounce, Mastich, Citron Myro- j g affron one dram? with Syrup of Worm- 
 balans, of each halt an ounce. Aloes two { WOO(]< make itinto a mass accor ding to art. 
 ounces, the Syrup of Stoechas as much as j Culpeper.l It helps such women as are 
 is sufficient, make of them a mass accord- { not su fe c j en j t ] y purge d in their labour, helps 
 
 I to bring away what a careless midwife hath 
 
 Culpeper] It purges choler and fiegm, ; ]eft behin d, purges the head, helps head- 
 and strengthens the whole body exceed-'^ Inegrim , vertigo, and purges the 
 ingly, being very precious for such : whose; stomac h of vicious humours, 
 bodies are weakened by surfeits, or ill diet, j pM(e j r ^ r ^ ca? . Nicholaus. 
 
 to take half a dram or a scruple at night | CWfc^e.] Tdke of Hermodactils, Turbith, 
 going to bed. JAgarick, of each half an ounce, Cassia 
 
 Pills of Bdellium. Mesue.^ j Lignea, Indian Spikenard, Cloves, Xylobal- 
 
 College.'] Take of Bdellium ten drams, samum, or Wood of Aloes, Carpobalsamum 
 Myrobalans, Bellericks, Emblicks, and ; or Cubebs, Mace, Galanga, Ginger, Mas- 
 Blacks, of each five drams, flakes of Iron,|tich, Assafoetida, the seeds of Annis, Fennel, 
 Leek seeds, of each three drams, Choncula> Saxifrage, Sparagus, Bruscus, Roses,Grom- 
 Verifris burnt, Coral burnt, Amber, of each; well, Sal. Gem. of each two drams, Scam- 
 a dram and an half, Pearls half an ounce, jmony one ounce, of the best Aloes, the 
 dissolve the Bdellium in juice of Leeks and : weight of them all, juice of Chaincpitys 
 with so much Syrup of juice of Leeks as is! made thick with sugar, so much as is suf- 
 ufficient, make it into a mass according to j ficient : or Syrup of the juice of the same, 
 art. jso much as is sjfficient to make it into a 
 
 Culpeper.\ Both this and tiie former are | mass. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 345 
 
 Culpeper."] It helps the gout, and other j age, Schaenanthus, Mastich, Asarabacca 
 
 pains in the joints, comforts and strengthens ? roots, Cloves, Cinnamon, Cassia Lignca, 
 
 both brain and stomach, and consumes dis - 1 Saffron, Mace, of each two drams, Myro- 
 
 eases whose original comes of flegm. | balans, Citrons, Chebuls, Indian Bellerick, 
 
 Pilulte Cochioe with Helebore. land Emblick, Rhubarb, of each half an 
 
 College.] Take of the powder of the jounce, Agarick, Sena, of each five drams, 
 Pills before prescribed, the powder of the > Aloes Succotrina, the weight of them all : 
 bark of the roots of black Hellebore, one \ with Syrup of the juice of Fennel make 
 ounce : make it into a mass with Syrup of {it into a mass according to art. 
 Stoechas according to art. Culpeper] It purges mixt humours 
 
 Pills of Fumitory. Avicenna. 
 College.] Take of Myrobalans, Citrons, 
 
 from the head, and clears it of such excre- 
 ments as hinder the sight. 
 
 Chebb, and Indian Diagrydium, of each! pm s O f Spurge. Fernelius. 
 
 five drams, Aloes seven drams; let all of | Co//e n Take of the bark of t h e roots 
 
 4 r f v I i-i i v r r"vin e- f\ \-\it + r\ r*i i t \ -m rtr-l-j-*i"\*-/'l ^ ^ - 
 
 them being bruised, be thrice moistened 
 with juice of Fumitory, and thrice suffered 
 
 of Spurge the less, steeped twenty-four 
 hours in Vinegar and juice of Purslain, two 
 
 ' 1 1 ' * 1 f^ li W U.J. O 'II T -!IIV.iI**J * I I I V* I -** V-'V-' v^ v* ij w 7 " ^ 
 
 to dry, then brought into a mass with Syrup [ dram ^ rains fe of Palma christi torrified, 
 of fumitory. by number, forty, Citron Myrobalans one 
 
 Culpeper.] It purges melancholy. Be (]ram and an half; Germander, Chamepitys, 
 not loo busy with it I beseech you Spikenard, Cinnamon, of each two scruples, 
 
 Mesue >oi,t of Haly. j ^ beaten into nne der with an ounce 
 
 College.] Take of Indian Myrobalans, j of g um T anih dissolved in Rose 
 black Hellebore, Polypodium of the Oak, j Wat and S fe r of Roses so much as is 
 of each five drams, Epithyinum, Stochas, | sufficient , et it be made j nt o a mass. 
 or each six drams, Aeanck. Lapis Lazuli { . /. ^ 7 , . - T 
 
 often washed troches llhandal, Sal Indi, of! P f ^ ^upliorhnm. Mesue. 
 
 each half an ounce, juice of Maudlin made j College.] fake of Euphorbium, Colo- 
 thick, Indian Spikenard, of each two drams, \ cjnthis, Agarick, Bdellium, Sagapenum, 
 Cloves one dram, Species Hiera pj cra of each two drams, Aloes five drams, with 
 simplex Galeni, twelve drams, with juiceofl^ ru P made of the juice of Leeks, make it 
 Smallage make it into a mass according to j ' nto a mass ; 
 
 art. 
 
 Culpepe-.] It'wonderfully prevails against 
 afflictions coming of melancholy, cancers 
 
 Culpeper.] The Pills are exceeding good 
 for dropsies, pains in the loins, and gouts 
 coming of a moist cause. Take not above 
 
 which are not ulcerated., leprosy, evils of| half a dram at a tim e and keep the house 
 the mind coming of melancholy, as sad- \ Pilulce Scribonii. 
 
 ness, fear, &c. quartan agues, jaundice,; 
 pains and infirmities of the sjileen. 
 
 College.] Take of Sagapen, and Myrrh, 
 of each two drams, Opium, Cardamoms, 
 
 Pilulte Lucis Majorca. Mesue. ii Castorium, of each one dram, white Pep- 
 
 College.] Take of Roses, Violets, Worm- j per half a dram, Sapa so much as is suf- 
 wood, Colocynthis, Turbith, Cubebs, Gala- \ ficient to make it into a mass according to 
 mus Aromaticus, Nutmegs, Indian .Spike- ( art. 
 
 iiard, Epithimum, Carpobalsanmm, or! Culpeper] It is appropriated to such as 
 instead thereof, Cardamoms, Xylabalsamum, [have phthisicks, and such as spit blood, but 
 or Wood of Aloes, the 'seeds of Seseli or {ought to be newly made, a scruple is suf- 
 Hartwort, Rue, Annis, Fennel and Small- j ficient taken going to bed 
 
346 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 | with their treble weight in sugar make them 
 
 T TJ n r u P J ; into powder, and with a sufficient quantity 
 
 1 rv \J \s ii fj ij, r, >.' ., ,. f~ .,, J 
 
 I of Mussilage of Gum Iragacanth, made 
 
 Trochisci de Absinthio. jinto treacle water distilled, make it into 
 
 Or Troches of Wormwood. ! paste, of which make troches. 
 
 College.'] Take of red Roses, Wormwood ! Culpeper.~] This preserves the body from 
 leaves, Annis seeds, of each two drams, 5 ill airs, and epidemical diseases, as the prs- 
 juice of Maudlin made thick, the roots of j tilence, small pox, &c. and strengthens the 
 Asarabacca, Rhubarb, Spikenard, Smallage j heart exceedingly, eating now and then a 
 seeds, bitter Almonds, Mastich, Mace, of -little: you may safely keep any troches in 
 each one dram, juice of Succory so much j your pocket, for the drier you keep them- 
 as is sufficient to make it into troches ac- j the better they are. 
 cording to art. Trochisci Alhandal. 
 
 Culpeper.'] They strengthen the stomach | College.] Take of Coloquintida freed 
 exceedingly, open obstructions, or stopp- | from the seeds and cut small, and rubbed 
 ings of the belly and bowels : strengthen j with an ounce of oil of Roses, then beaten 
 digestion, open the passages of the liver, : into fine powder, ten ounces, Gum Arabic, 
 help the yellow jaundice, and con-sume i Tragacanth, Bdellium, of each six drams, 
 watery superfluities of the body. They are | Steep the Gums three or four days in a suf- 
 somewhat bitter, and seldom taken alone ; j ficient quantity of Rose-water till they be 
 if your pallate affect bitter things, you may : melted, then with the aforesaid pulp, and 
 
 take a drain of them in the morning : They 
 cleanse the body of choler, but purge not, 
 or not to any purpose. 
 
 Agaricus Trochtscatus. 
 
 part of the said mussilage, let tffem l>e 
 dried in the shadow, then beaten again, 
 and with the rest of the mussilage, make it 
 up again, dry them and keep them for use. 
 
 Or Agarick Trochiscated. CulpeperJ] They are too violent for a 
 
 College.'] Take of Agarick sifted and j vulgar use. 
 
 powdered, three ounces, steep it in a suf- 5 Trochisci Aliptee Moschata. 
 
 ficient quantity of white Wine, in which j College.'] Take of Labdanum bruised 
 two drams of ginger have been infused, and | three ounces, Styrax Calamitis one ounce 
 make it into troches. j and an half, Benjamin one ounce, Wood of 
 
 Trochisci Albi. Rhasis. \ Aloes two drams, Ambergris one dram, 
 
 Or white Troches. \ Camphire half a dram, Musk half a scruple, 
 
 College.'] Take of Ceruss washed in j with a sufficient quantity of Rose-water, 
 Rosewater ten drams, Sarcocol three drams, j make it into troches according to art. 
 white Starch two drains, Gum Arabic and! Culpeper.~] It is singularly good for such 
 
 Tragacanth, of each one dram, Camphire 
 half a dram, either with Rosewater, or 
 women's milk, or make it into troches ac- 
 ^ording to art. 
 
 Trochisci Alcxiterii. 
 
 College.'] Take of Zedoary roots, pow- 
 der of Crab's Claws, of each one dram, 
 
 as are asthmatic, and can hardly fetch their 
 breath ; as also for young children, whose 
 throat is so narrow that they can hardly 
 swallow down their milk. 
 
 Trochisci Alkekengi 
 Or Troches of Winter-cherries. 
 College.'] Take of Winter Cherries thre 
 
 and an half, the outward Citron preserved \ drams, Gum Arabic, Tragacanth, OliUi- 
 and dried, Angelica seeds, Pills, of each \ num, Dragon's-blood, Pine-nuts, bitter 
 one dram, Bol-amoniac half a dram, {Almonds, white Styrax, juice of Liquona.-, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 347 
 
 Bole-ammoniac, white Poppy seeds, of each 5 half, Camphire half a dram ; Avith Manna 
 
 six drams, the seeds of Melons, Cucumbers, \ dissolved in juice of Barberries, make them 
 
 Cilruls, Gourds, of each three drams and an jinto troches according to art. 
 
 half, the seeds of Smallage and white Hen- $ Culpeper] They wonderfully cool the 
 
 bane, Amber, Earth of Lemnos, Opium, j heat of the liver, reins, and bladder, breast, 
 
 of each two drams, Avith juice of fresh ! and stomach, and stop looseness, cools the 
 
 Winter-Cherries, make them into troches j heal of fevers. 
 
 according to art. Trochisci de Camphora. 
 
 Culpeper.'] They potently provoke urine, i Or, Troches of Camphire. 
 
 and break the stone. Mix them with other! College.] Take of Camphire half a dram, 
 medicine of that nature, half a dram at a j Saffron two drams, white Starch three 
 time, or a dram if age permit. drams, red Roses, Gum Arabic, and Tra- 
 
 Trochisci Bechici aloi, vet, Notulte perforates. \ gacanth, Ivory, of each half an ounce, the 
 Or, Pectoral Rolls. } seeds of Cucumbers husked, of Purslain, 
 
 College.'] Take of white Sugar one pound,! Liquorice, of each an ounce, with mussi- 
 white Sugar Candy, Penids, of each four ; lage of the seeds of Fleawort, drawn in 
 ounces, Orris Florentine one ounce, Liquo-i Rose-water, make them into troches, 
 rice six drams, white Starch one ounce and : Culpeper.] It is exceeding good in burn- 
 an half, with a sufficient quantity of m us- ling fevers, heat of blood and choler, together 
 silage of Gum Tragacanth made in Rose | with hot distempers of the stomach and 
 Water, make them into small troches. liver, and extreme thirst coming thereby, 
 You may add four grains of Ambergris, | also it is good against the yellow jaundice, 
 and three grains of Musk to them, if occa- ! phthisics, and heclic fevers, 
 sion serve. Troclihci de Capparibus. 
 
 Trochisci Rechici nigri. Or, Troches of Capers. 
 
 College."] Take of juice of Liquorice, j College."] Take of the bark of Caper 
 white Sugar, of each one dram, Gum Tra- ! roots, the seeds of Agnus Castus, of each 
 gacanth, sweet Almonds blanched, of each j six drams, Ammoniacum half an ounce, the 
 six drams, with a sufficient quantity of! seeds of Water Cresses and Nigella, the 
 mussilage of Quince seeds, made thick with Heaves of Calaminth and Rue, the roots ot 
 Rose Water. Make them into troches ac-jAcorus and long Birthwort, the juice of 
 cording to art. j Maudlin made thick, bitter Almonds, of 
 
 Culpeper.] Both this and the former | each two drams, Hart's-tongue, the roots of 
 will mdt in ones mouth, and in that manner : round Cypress, Madder, Gum Lac. of each 
 to be used by such as are troubled wilh ! one dram : being bruised let them be made 
 coughs, cold, hoarseness, or want of voice. ; into troches according to art, with Ammo- 
 The former is most in use, but iu my opinion, j niacum dissolved in Vinegar, and boiled to 
 
 the latter is most effectual. 
 
 Trochisci de Barberis. 
 Or, Troches of Barberries. 
 
 the thickness of Honey. 
 
 Culpeper J] They open stoppings of the 
 liver and spleen, and help diseases thereof 
 
 College.] Take of juice of Barberries, coming ; as rickets, hypochondriac melan- 
 and Liquorice made thick, Spodium, Pur-|choly, &c. Men may take a dram, chil- 
 slain seeds, of each three drains, red Roses, ; dren a scruple in the morning, 
 six drams, Indian Spikenard, Saffron, white! Trochisci de Carabe. 
 
 Starch, Gum Tragacanth, of each a dram,: Or, Troches of Amber. 
 
 Citrul seeds cleansed three drams and an : College.] Take -of Amber uii .nince, 
 
 4 u 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Hart's-horn burnt, Gum Arabic burnt, (in a mortar, add the powders, and with new 
 
 red Coral burnt, Tragacanth, Acacia, Hypo- ! juice make it into troches. 
 
 cistis, Balaustines, Mastich, Gum Lacca : Culpeper.'] Obstructions, or stoppings, 
 
 washed, black Poppy seeds roasted, of each | and swelling above nature, both of the liver 
 
 two drams and two scruples, Frankincense, \ and spleen, are cured by the inward taking 
 
 Saffron, Opium, of each two drams, with a; of these troches,and diseases thereof coming, 
 
 sufficient quantity of mussilage of the seeds s as yellow and black jaundice, the beginning 
 
 of Fleawort drawn in Plantain Water, make : of dropsies, &c. 
 
 them into troches according to art. Troches of Gallia Moschata. 
 
 Culpeper.'] They were invented to stop \ College.'] Take of Wood of Aloes five 
 fluxes of blood in any part of the body, the ;' drams, Ambergris three drams, Musk one 
 menses, the haemorrhoids or piles; they also t dram, with mussilage of Gum Tragacanth 
 help ulcers in the breast and lungs. The j made in Rose Water, make it into troches 
 dose is from ten grains to a scruple. j according to ait. 
 
 Trochisci Cypheos, for Mithridate. Culpeper. ] They strengthen the brain 
 
 College.'] Take of pulp of Raisins of the land heart, and by consequence both vital 
 Sun, Cypress, Turpentine, of each three j and animal spirits, and cause a sweet breath, 
 ounces, Myrrh, Squinanth, of each an ounce j They are of an extreme price, therefore I 
 and an half, Cinnamon half an ounce, i pass by the dose. 
 Calamus Aromaticus nine drams, the roots j Trochisci GordoniL 
 
 of round Cypress, and Indian Spikenard, \ College.] Take of the four" greater cold 
 Cassia Lignea, Juniper berries, Bdellium, | seeds husked, the seeds of white Poppies, 
 Aspalthus or Wood of Aloes, two drams | Mallows, Cotton, Purslain, Quinces, Mi rtles, 
 and an half, Saffron one dram, clarified : Gum Tragacanth, and Arabic, Fistic-nuts, 
 Honey as much as is sufficient, Canary : Pine-nuts, Sugar-candy, Penids, Liquorice, 
 Wine a little : let the Myrrh and Bdellium j French-barley, mussilage of FJeawort seeds, 
 be ground in a mortar with the wine, to the j sweet Almonds blanched, of each two 
 thickness of liquid Honey, then add the j drams, Bole-ammoniac, Dragon's-blood, 
 Turpentine, then the pulp of Raisins, then i Spodium, red Roses, Myrrh, of each ha 
 the powders: at last with the Honey, let j an ounce, with a sufficient quantity of 
 them all be made into troches. j Hydromel, make it into troches according; 
 
 Ctdpeper] It is excellently good against ; to art. 
 
 inward ulcers in what part of the body > Culpeper.] They are held to be very 
 
 soever they be. It is chiefly used in com- ; good in ulcers of the bladder, and all other 
 
 }X)sitions, as Treacle and Mithridate. i inward ulcers whatsoever, and ease fevers 
 
 Trochisci de Eupatorio. i coming thereby, being of a fine cooling, 
 
 Or Troches of Maudlin. > slippery heating nature 
 
 College.] Take of the juice of Maudlin \ Trochisci Hedichroi, (Galen) for Treacle. 
 made thick, Manna, of each an ounce, red | College] Take of Aspalthus, or yellow 
 Roses half an ounce, Spodium three drams i Sanders, the leaves of Maslich, the roots of 
 and an half, Spikenard three drams, Rhu-| Asarabacca, of each two drams, Rhupontie, 
 barb, Asarabacca roots, Annis seeds, of each j Castus, Calamus Aromaticus, Wood oi 
 two drams. Let the Nard, Annis seeds, j Aloes, Cinnamon, Sqiiinanlh,Opobalsanuim 
 and Roses, be beaten together, the Spodium, : or oil of Nutmegs by expression, of each 
 Asarabacca, and Rhubarb by themselves, \ three drams, Cassia Lignea, Indian Leaf oi 
 then mix the Manna and juice of Maudlin 5 Mace, Indian Spikenard, Myrrh, Saffron, 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 340 
 
 of each six drams, Amoni us, or Cardamoms j Sagapen, Opopanax, of each two drams, 
 the less, an ounce and an half, Mastich a ? dissolve the Gums in Wine wherein Mug- 
 nram, Canary Wine as much as is sufficient. | wort hath been boiled, or else Juniper-ber- 
 Let the Myrrh be dissolved in the wine, \ ries, then add the rest, and with juice o! 
 then add the Mastich and Saffron well j Mugwort, make it into troches according 
 oeaten, then the Opobalsamum, then the j to art. 
 
 test in powder, and with the wine, make* Culpeper.\ They provoke the menses, 
 them up into troches, and dry them gently, land that with great ease to such as have 
 Culpeper.] They are very seldom or j them come down with pain. Take a dram 
 never used but in other compositions, yet \ of them beaten into powder, in a spoonful 
 naturally they heat cold stomachs, help \ or two of Syrup of Mugwort, or any other 
 digestion, strengthen the heart and brain. 1 composition tending to the same purpose 
 Trochisci Hysterici. Sief de Plumbo. 
 
 College.] Take of Asafcetida, Galbanum, 
 of each two drams and an half, Myrrh two 
 
 Or Sief of Lead. 
 College.'] Take of Lead burnt and washed, 
 
 drams, Castoreuni a dram and an half, the* Brass burnt, Antimony, Tutty washed, 
 rools of Asarabacca and long Birthwort, j Gum Arabic and Tragacanth of each an 
 the leaves of Savin, Featherfew, Nep, of jounce, Opium half a dram, with Rose-water, 
 each one dram, Dittany half a dram, with | make them, being beaten and sifted, int< 
 either the juice or decoction of Rue, make j troches, 
 it into troches according to art. Trochisci Polyidte Androm. 
 
 Culpeper.~] These are applied to the! College.] Take of Pomegranate flowers 
 
 foeminine gender, help fits of the mother, 
 expel both birth and after-birth, cleanse 
 
 twelve drams, Roach Album three drams, 
 Frankincense, Myrrh, of each half an ounce 
 
 women after labour, and expel the relics of j Chalcanthum two drams, Bull's gall six 
 a careless midwife. j drams, Aloes an ounce, with austere Wine, 
 
 Trochisci de Ligno Aloes. [or juice of- Nightshade or Plantain, make 
 
 Or Troches of Wood of Aloes. ithem into troches according to art. 
 
 College.] Take of Wood of Aloes, red j Culpeper.] They are very good they say, 
 Roses, of each two drams, Mastich, Cinna- \ being outwardly applied, both in green 
 rnou, Cloves, Indian Spikenard, Nutmegs, \ wounds and ulcers. I fancy them not. 
 Parsnip seed, Cardamoms the greater and \ Trochisci de Rhubarbaro. 
 
 lessen, Cubebs, Gallia Mosclmta, Citron Or Troches of Rhubarb. 
 
 Pills, Mace, of each one dram and an half, 
 Ambergris, Musk, of each half a scruple, 
 
 College, .] Take of Rhubarb ten drams, 
 juiceof Maudlin made thick, bitter Almonds, 
 
 wi.th Honey of Raisins make it into troches. ; of each half an ounce, red Roses three 
 Culpeptr."] It strengthens the heart, i drams, the rools of Asarnbacca, Madder. 
 stonmch,and liver, takes away heart-qualms, 1 Indian Spikenard, the leaves of Worm- 
 fa in tings, and stinking breath, and resists I wood, the seeds of Annis and Smallage, of 
 Ihe dropsy. each one dram, with Wine in which Worm- 
 
 Trochisci c Mirrha. wood hath been boiled, make them into 
 
 Or Troches of Myrrh. 5 troches according to art. 
 
 College.'] Take of Myrrh three drams, 5 Culpeper.] They gently cleanse the liver, 
 {he Meal of Lupines five drams, Madder | help the yellow jaundice, and other diseases 
 roots, the leaves of Rue, wild Mints, Dittany coming of choler and stoppage of tlis 
 of Crete, Cummin seeds, Asafcetida, liver. 
 
350 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Trochisci de Santahs. 
 Or Troches of Sanders. 
 
 College.] Take of the three Sanders, of 
 each one ounce, the seeds of Cucumbers, 
 Gourds, Citruls, Purslain, Spodium, of each 
 half an ounce, red Roses seven drams, juice 
 of Barberries six drains, Bole-ammoniac half 
 an ounce, Camphire one dram, with Pur- 
 slain Water make it into troches. 
 
 Culpeper.'] The virtues are the same with 
 troches of Spodium, both of them harmless. 
 Trochisci da Scilla ad Theriacam. 
 Or Troches of Squils, for Treacle. 
 
 College.'] Take a Squil gathered about 
 the beginning of July, of a middle bigness, 
 and the hard part to which the small roots 
 stick, wrap it up in paste, and bake it in an 
 oven, till the paste be dry, and the Squil 
 lender, which you may know by piercing it 
 with awooden skewer, orabodkin, then take 
 it out and bruise it in a mortar, adding to 
 every pound of the Squil, eight ounces of 
 white Orobus, or red Cicers in powder, then 
 ;nake it into troches, of the weight of two 
 drams a piece, (your hands being anointed 
 with Oil of Roses) dry them on the top of 
 the house, opening towards the South, in 
 the shadow, often turning them till they be 
 well dry, then keep them in a pewter or glass 
 vessel. 
 
 Troche* f Spodium. 
 
 College.'] Take of red Roses twelve 
 drams, Spodium ten drams, Sorrel seed six 
 drams, the seeds of Purslain and Coriander, 
 steeped in Vinegar and dried, pulp of 
 Sumach, of each two drams and an half, 
 white Starch roasted,Balaustines, Barberries, 
 of each two drams, Gum Arabic roasted 
 one dram and an half, with juice of unripe 
 Grapes, make it into troches. 
 
 Culpeper.] They are of a fine cooling 
 binding nature, excellent in fevers coming 
 of choler, especially if they be accompanied 
 * r ith a looseness, they also quench thirst. 
 
 Trochisci de terra Lemma. 
 Or Troches of Earth of Leinnos. 
 
 College^ Take of Earth of Leinnos, 
 Bole-ammoniac, Acacia, Hypocystis, Gum 
 Arabic toasted, Dragon's blood, white 
 | Starch, red Roses, Rose seeds, Lap. Hema- 
 ' titis, red Coral, Amber, Balaustines, Spo- 
 dium, Purslain seeds a little toasted, Oliba- 
 num, Hart's-horn burnt, Cypress Nuts, 
 Saffron of each two drams, black Poppy 
 seeds, Tragacanth, Pearls, of each one dram 
 and an hall', Opium prepared one dram, 
 with juice of Plantain, make it into troches. 
 
 Sief de Thure. 
 Or Sief of Frankincense. 
 College^] Take of Frankincense, Lap, 
 Calaminaris, Pompholix, of each ten drains, 
 Cyrus forty drams. Gum Arabic, Opium, of 
 each six drams, with fair water make it into 
 balls : dry them and keep them for use. 
 Trochisci e Violis 
 
 Or Troches of Violets solutive. 
 
 College?] -Take of Violet flowers meanly 
 dry, six drams, Turbith one ounce and an 
 half, juice of Liquorice, Scammony, Manna, 
 of each two drams, with Syrup of Violets, 
 make it into troches. 
 
 Culpeper?] They are not worth talking 
 of, much less worth cost, the cost and labour 
 of making. 
 
 Trochisci de Viper a ad Theriacum. 
 Or Troches of Vipers, for Treacle. 
 
 College.'] Take of the flesh of Vipers, 
 the skin, entrails, head, fat, and tail being 
 taken away, boiled in water with Dill, and 
 a little salt, eight ounces, white bread twice 
 baked, grated and sifted, two ounces, make 
 it into troches, your hands being anointed 
 with Opobalsainum, or Oil of Mutmegs by 
 expression, dry them upon a sieve turned 
 the bottom upwards in an open place, often 
 turning them till they are well dried, then 
 put them in a glass or stone pot glazed, 
 stopped close, they will keep a year, yet is 
 it far better to make Treacle, not long after 
 you have made them. 
 
 Culpeper.'] They expel poison, and are 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 35 
 
 excellently good, by a certain sympathetical j You can scarce do amiss in taking them ir 
 virtue, for such as are bitten by an adder, j they please but your palate. 
 
 Trochisci deAgno Casto. . Trochisci Diarhodon. ' Mesue 
 
 . 
 
 r 11 r 7 h , CS f ^ gnUS ? StU f $ ' A Colk Se.~] Take of the flowers of red 
 
 College.l Take of the seeds of Agnus R< . j c -i 
 
 stus, Lettuce, red Rose flowers, Balaus- ^T.h tw^' S ^ enard '. Wo d of : ^> 
 
 *' ^" d " 118 
 
 Castus, , , - .h tw . : 
 
 tins, of each a dram, Ivory, white Amber, cL^ n ? T*' H^^jfe" d P" 118 ' 
 T> i i j IT ijir I ^podium one dram, Saffron half a dram 
 
 Bole-ammoniac washed in Knotgrass Water ; A,f nt -Hr>V, tr ' 
 
 j A- i iviasticn two drams, make them un into 
 
 two drams, Plantain seeds four scruples, \ trnn Up e ,,:,.u w - \. 
 
 Sassafras two scruples, with mucilage of tro Llfl ftf Wlne f c ^g ?. 
 Quince seeds, extracted in water of Water- ro ^Tf J J W0 " d , erfu1 ^ ease fevers 
 
 lily flowers, let them be made into troches. 
 
 C^er.l Very pretty troches and ^' c- P^s m 
 good for little Trochisci de Lacca. Mesue. 
 
 Trochisci Aiextierii. Renodaeus. College.'] Take of Gum Lacca cleansed, 
 
 College.'] Take of the roots of Gentian, ! the J uice of Liquorice, Maudlin, Worm- 
 Tormentil, Orris Florentine, Zedoary, of|^ ood ' antl Barberries, all made thick, 
 each two drains, Cinnamon, Cloves, Mace, j Rhubarb, long Birthwort, Costus, Asara- 
 of each half a dram, Angelica roots three i bacca, bitter Almonds, Madder, Annis, 
 drams, Coriander seeds prepared, Roses, o f|Smallage, Schaenanth, of each one dram, 
 each one dram, dried Citron pills two drams, | Wlth the decoction of Birthwort, Schaenanth, 
 beat them all into powder, and with juice of - or tne J ulce of Maudlin, or Wormwood, 
 Liquorice softened in Hippocras, six ounces, j m ^ e tnem into troches according to art. 
 make them into soft paste, which you may i Culpeper.~] It helps stoppings of the liver 
 form into either troches or small rolls, which 1 anc * s p' een > anc l fevers thence coming, it 
 you please. j expels wind, purges by urine, and resists 
 
 Culpeper.~] It preserves and strengthens t * ro P sles - 
 
 the heart exceedingly, helps faintings and i Pastilli Adronis. Galen. 
 
 failings of the vital spirits, resists poison! College.'] Take of Pomegranate flowers 
 *nd the pestilence, and- is an excellent \ ten drams, Copperas twelve drams, unripe 
 oiedicine for such to carry about them whose Galls, Birthwort, Frankincense, of each an 
 
 ounce, Alum, Myrrh, of each half an ounce, 
 Misy two drams, with eighteen ounces of 
 austere Wine, make it into troches accord- 
 
 occasions are to travel in pestilential places 
 and corrupt air, only taking a very small 
 quantity now and then. 
 
 Troches of Annis seed. Mesue. ing to art. 
 
 College.'] Take of Annis seeds, the juice j Culpepcr.'] This also is appropriated to 
 of Maudlin made thick, of each two drams, ! wounds, ulcers, and fistulas, it clears the 
 ^he seeds of Dill, Spikenard, Mastich, j e ars, and represses all excressences of flesh, 
 .ndian leaf or Mace, the leaves of Worm- j cleanses the filth of the bones, 
 wood, Asarabacca,Smallage, bitter Almonds, i Trochisci Musat. Galen, 
 
 of each half a dram, Aloes two drams, juice \ College.'] Take of Alum, Aloes, Copperas, 
 of Wormwood so much as is sufficient to j Myrrh, of each six drams, Crocomagma] 
 make it into troches according to art. | Saffron, of each three drams, Pomegranate 
 
 Culpeper.'] They open obstructions of | flowers half an ounce, Wine and Honey, of 
 the liver, and that very gently, and therefore j each so much as is sufficient to make it' up 
 diseases coming thereof, help quartan agues, j into troches according to art. 
 
 4 x 
 
352 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Culpeper.] Their use is the same with the j much as is sufficient to make it into troches 
 former. \ according to art. 
 
 Crocomagma of Damocrates. Galen. Culpeper.] They help pains in the 
 
 College.-] Take of Saffron an hundred j stomach, and indigestion, the illiac passion, 
 drams, red Roses, Myrrh.of each fifty drams, h * lc fevers anc * dropsies, m the beginning, 
 white Starch, Gum, of each thirty drams, l and cause a good colour 
 Wine, so much as is sufficient to make it} _ Jrochtsa Diacoralhon. Galen, 
 into troches College.] Take of Bole-ammoniac, red 
 
 Culpeper.] It is very expulsive, heats and Coral, of each an ounce Balausbnes, Terra 
 strengthens the heart and stomach. Lemma, white Starch, of each half an ounce. 
 
 . , AT { Hypocistis, the seeds of Henbane, Opium, 
 
 Trochtscz Ramich. Mesue. j o f each two drams, juice of Plantain so much 
 
 College.'] Take of the juice of Sorrel as is su ffi c i en t to make them into troche? 
 sixteen ounces, red Rose Leaves, an ounce, } acc0 rding to art. 
 
 Myrtle Berries two ounces, boil them a little j Culpeper.'] These also stop blood, help 
 together, and strain them, add to the decoc- j the bloody flux, stop the menses, and are 
 tion, Galls well beaten, three ounces, boil j a areat he]p to suc h w h ose stomachs loath 
 them again a little, then put m these follow- j th ir v j ctua i s . j f ancy them not. 
 ing things, in fine powder : take of red j Trochisci Diaspermaton. Galen. 
 
 Roses an ounce, yellow Sanders, ten drams, j College.] Take of the seeds of Smallage, 
 Gum Arabic an ounce and an half, Sumach, and Bishop's weed, of each an ounce, Annis 
 Spodmm, of each an ounce, Myrtle berries and F enne i see ds, of each half an ounce, 
 four ounces, Wood of Aloes, Cloves, Mace, j o p j unij Cassia Lignea, of each two drams, 
 Nutmegs, of each half an ounce, sour Grapes | with rain water> ma k e j t j nto troches accord- 
 seven dramsj mix them all together, and let \ m g to art 
 
 them dry upon a stone, and grind them j Culpeper.] These also bind, ease pain, 
 again into powder, anH make them into | f^lp ^ pleurisy, 
 small troches with one dram of Camphire, Hcemoptoid Pastilli. Galen, 
 
 and so much Rose Water as is sufficient,! College.'] Take of white Starch, Balaus- 
 and perfume them with fifteen grams of j tmes> E art h O f Samos, juice of Hypocystis, 
 Musk - \ Gum, Saffron, Opium, of each two drams, 
 
 Culpeper.'] They strengthen the stomach, ! with j nice o f plantain, make them into 
 heart, and liver, as also the bowels, they | troc h es according to art. 
 help the cholic, and fluxes of blood, as also | Culpeper.] The operation of this is like 
 bleeding at the nose if you snuff up the | t j ie f orn i er . 
 powder of them, disburden the body of | Troches of Agarick. 
 
 salt, fretting, choleric humours. You may | College.] Take of choice Agarick three 
 carry them about you, and take them at| ounceS) v g a ] G em- six drams, Ginger two 
 your pleasure. | drams, with Oxymel simplex, so much a* 
 
 Troches of Roses. Mesue. j j s sufficient, make it into troches according 
 
 College.] Take of red Roses half an I to art. 
 ounce, Wood of Aloes two drams, Mastich, J 
 u dram and an half, Roman Wormwood, : 
 Cinnamon, Indian Spikenard, Cassia Lignea, j 
 Schoenanth, of each one dram, old Wine,. 
 and decoction of the five opening roots, so! 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 OILS. 
 
 SIMPLE OILS BY EXPRESSION, 
 
 Oil of Sweet dlmonds. 
 
 College.] Take of Sweet Almonds not 
 
 11 
 
 College.] So is Oil of Been, 
 megs, and Oil of Mace drawn. 
 Oleum Caryinum. 
 
 College.'] Is prepared of Walnut Kernels, 
 in like manner, save only that in the making 
 of this sometimes is required dried, old, and 
 rank Nuts. 
 
 Oleum Chrysomelinum, 
 College^] Is prepared in the same manner 
 
 corrupted, as many as you will, cast the j of Apricots, so is also Oils of the Kernels of 
 shells away, and blanch them, beat them in Cherry stones, Peaches, Pine-nuts, Fistic 
 
 a stone mortar, beat them in a double vessel, 
 and press out the oil without heat. 
 
 Nuts, Prunes, the seeds of Oranges, Hemp, 
 Bastard Saffron, Citrons, Cucumbers, 
 
 Culpeper.] It helps roughness and sore- j Gourds, Citruls, Dwarf Elder, Henbane, 
 ness of the throat and stomach, helps > Lettuce, Flax, Melons, Poppy, Parsley, 
 pleurisies, encreases seed, eases coughs and \ Radishes, Rape, Ricinum, Sesani, Mus- 
 hectic fevers, by injection it helps such \ tard seed, and Grape stones, 
 whose water scalds them; ulcers in thej Culpeper] Because most of these Oils 
 bladder, reins, and matrix. You may j are out of use, I took not the pains to quote 
 either take half an ounce of it by itself, or 5 the virtues of them ; if any wish to make 
 mix it with half an ounce of Syrup of Violets, \ them, let them look to the simples, and there 
 and so take a spoonful at a time, still shak- they have them ; if the simples be not to be 
 
 ing them together when you take them : 
 only take notice of this, if you take it in- 
 
 found in this book, there are other plentiful 
 medicines conducing to the cure of all usual 
 
 wardly, let it be new drawn, for it will be i diseases ; which are- 
 sour in three or four days. Oil of Bays. 
 
 Oil of bitter Almonds. College] Take of Bay-berries, fresh and 
 
 College.] It is made like Oil of sweet ! ripe, so many as you please, bruise them 
 Almonds, but that you need not blanch j sufficiently, then boil them in a sufficient 
 them, nor have such a care of heat in press- ! quantity of water till the Oil swim at top, 
 ing out the oil. < which separate from the water, and keep 
 
 Culpeper.] It opens stoppings, helps such | for your use. 
 
 as are deaf, being dropped into their ears, j Culpeper] It helps the cholic, and is a 
 it helps the hardness of the nerves, and takes i sovereign remedy for any diseases in any 
 away spots in the face. It is seldom or ; part of the body coining either of wind or 
 never taken inwardly. jcold. 
 
 Oil of Hazel Nuts. j College.] Common Oil of Olives, is 
 
 College.] It is made of the Kernels, ! pressed out of ripe olives, not out of the 
 cleansed, bruised, and beat, and pressed like stones. Oil of Olives omphacine, is pressed 
 Oil of sweet Almonds. out of unripe olives. 
 
 Culpeper] You must put them in a ! Oil of Yolks of Eggs. 
 
 vessel (viz. a glass, or some such thing) and j College] Boil the yolks till they be hard, 
 stop them close that the water come not to? and bruise them with your hand or with t 
 them when you put them into the bath, i pestle and mortar ; beat them in an earthen 
 The oil is good for cold afflictions of the I vessel glazed until they begin to froth,, 
 nerves, the gout in the joints, &c. | stirring them diligently that they burn not. 
 
354 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 being hot, put them in a linen bag, and 
 sprinkle them with Aromatic Wine, and 
 press out the oil according to art. 
 
 Culpeper.~] It is profitable in fistulas, 
 and malignant ulcers, it causes the hair to 
 grow, it clears the skin, and takes away de- 
 formities thereof, viz. tetters, ringworms, 
 morphew, scabs. 
 
 away, cut, bruised, and the vessel covered 
 with a thin linen cloth, set in the sun, 
 pressed out, and three times repeated. 
 Oil of Wall-flowers, as oil of Dill. 
 Oil of Quinces : Of six parts of oi 
 Omphacine, the meat and juice of Quinces 
 one part, set them in the sun fifteen days in 
 a glass, and afterwards boil them four hours 
 in a double vessel, press them out, and re- 
 new them three times. 
 
 SIMPLE OILS BY INFUSION AND! Oil of Elecampane : Of ripe oil, and the 
 DECOCTION i roots of Elecampane bruised, and their 
 
 j juice, of each one part, and of generous 
 
 Oil of Rosex omphacine. f Wine half a part, which is to be evaporated 
 
 College."] Take of red Roses before they j away. 
 
 be ripe, bruised in u stone mortar, four j Oil of Euphorbium : Of six drams of 
 ounces, oil Omphacine one pound, set them \ Euphorbium, Oil of Wall -flowers, and sweet 
 in a hot sun, in a glass close stopped, a whole; Wine, of each five ounces, boiling it in a 
 
 week, shaking them every day, then boil 
 them gently in a bath, press them out, and 
 
 double vessel till the Wine be consumed. 
 Oil of Ants: Of winged Ants infused in 
 
 put in others, use them in like manner, do i four times their weight of sweet oil, set in 
 so a third time: then keep the Oil upon at the sun in a glass forty days, and then 
 pound of juice of Roses. 
 
 Oil cf Roses complete, 
 
 Is made in the same manner, with sweet 
 
 * * 
 
 strain it out. 
 
 Oil, or Balsam of St. John's Wort simple, 
 is made of the oil of seeds beaten and 
 
 and ripe oil, often washed, and red Roses > pressed, and the flowers being added, and 
 fully open, bruised, set in the sun, and j rightly set in the sun. 
 boiled gently in a double vessel, only let j Oil of Jesmine, is made of the flowers of 
 the third infusion stand in the sun forty j Jesmine, put in clear oil, and set in the sun 
 days, then keep the roses and oil together. I and afterwards pressed out. 
 
 In the same manner is made Oil of Worm- 1 Oil of Orris, made of the roots of Orris 
 wood, of the tops of common Wormwood | Florentine one pound, purple Orris flowers 
 thrice repeated, four ounces, and three j half a pound : boil them in a double vessel 
 pounds of ripe oil; only, the last time put in [ in a sufficient quantity of decoction of Orris 
 four ounces of the juice of Wormwood, i Florentine, and six pounds of sweet oil, put- 
 which evaporate away by gentle boiling. j ing fresh roots and flowers again and again ; 
 
 Oil of Dill: Of the flowers and leaves of \ the former being cast away as in oil of 
 Dill four ounces, complete oil, one pound, i Roses. 
 
 thrice repeated. 
 
 Oil of Castoreum : Of one ounce of Cas- 
 toreum oil one pound, Wine four ounces, 
 
 Oil of Earthworms, is made of half a 
 pound of Earthworms washed in white Wine, 
 ripe Oil two pounds, boiled in a double 
 
 which must be consumed with the heat ol a j vessel with eight ounces of good white Wine 
 bath. I till the Wine be consumed. 
 
 Oil of Chamomel (which more than one \ Oil of Marjoram is made with four 
 call Holy) of complete oil, and fresh Cha- jounces of the herb a little bruised, white 
 momel flowers, the little white leaves taken/ Wine six ounces, ripe oil a pound, mixed 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 355 
 
 together, let them be set in the sun repeated j them be set in the sun, and after forty days 
 
 three times ; at last boiled to the consump- ' strained. 
 
 ti on of the Wine. Oleum Cicyonium, is made of wild 
 
 OU of Mastich, is made of oil of Roses j Cucumber roots, and their juice, of each 
 omphacineone pound, Mastich threeounces, | equal parts; with twice as much ripe oil, 
 Wine four ounces : boil them in a double j boil it to the consumption of the juice, 
 vessel to the consumption of the Wine. j Oil of Nightshade, is made of the berries 
 
 Oil of Melilot is made Avilh the lops of the j of Nightshade ripe, and one part boiled in 
 herb like oil of Chamomel. j ripe oil, or oil of Roses three parts. 
 
 Oil of Mints is made of the herb and oil ; Oil of Styrax, is made of Styrax and 
 omphacine, as oil of Roses. ; sweet Avhite Wine, of each one part, ripe 
 
 Oil of-Mirtles, is made of Mirtle berries ; oil four parts gently boiled till the Wine be 
 bruised and sprinkled with sharp Wine one ; consumed. 
 
 part, oil omphacine three parts ; set it in the j Oil of Violets, is made of oil omphacine, 
 sun twenty-four days, and in the interim 5 and Violet flowers, as oil of Roses, 
 thrice renewed, boiled, and the berries j Oil of Vervain, is made of the herb and 
 pressed out. \ oil, as oil of Mints 
 
 Oil of Daffodils is made as oil of Roses, j Ciilpeper.] That most of these Oils, if 
 
 Nard Oil is made of three ounces of \ not all of them, are used only externally, is 
 Spikenard, sweet oil one pound and an j certain ; and as certain that they retain the 
 half, sweet Avhite Wine and clear Avater, of; virtues of the simples Avhereof they are 
 
 each two ounces and an half, boiled to the 
 consumption of the moisture. 
 
 Oil of Water-lilies, is made of fresh white 
 Water-lily flowers, one part, oil omphacine j 
 three parts, repeating the flowers as in oil I 
 of Roses. 
 
 Oil of Tobacco is made of the juice of 
 Tobacco, and common oil, of each equal 
 parts boiled in a bath. 
 
 Oil of Poppies, is made of the flowers, 
 
 made, therefore the ingenious might help 
 themselves. 
 
 COMPOUND OILS BY INFUSION 
 AND DECOCTION. 
 
 Oleum Benedictum. 
 Or Blessed Oil. 
 
 College.'} Take of the roots of Carcluu 
 
 heads, and leaves of garden Poppies, and oil 1 and Valerian, of each one ounce, the flowers 
 omphacine, as oil of Dill. 1 6f St. John's Wort IAVO ounces, Wheat one 
 
 Oil of Poplars, is made of the buds of jounce and an half, old Oil four ounces, 
 the Poplar tree three parts, rich Avhite Wine I Cypress Turpentine eight ounces, Frankin- 
 1'our parts, SAveet oil seven parts ; first let the | cense in powder IAVO ounces, infuse the roots 
 
 . . ) , I . . . 1 ... " J *1 *_ 1 ' A! _ TIT"* ? 1/1_ 1_ _ _ 1 *-_! *__ 1 1 ' . _ 
 
 buds be bruised, then infused in the Wine 
 and oil seven days, then boiled, then pressed 
 out. 
 
 Oil of Rue, is made of the herb bruised, 
 and ripe oil, like oil of Roses. 
 
 Oil of Savin is made in the same manner. 
 
 So also is Oil of Elder flowers made. 
 
 Oil of Scorpions, is made of thirty live 
 
 corpions, caught when the sun is in the 
 
 on ; oil of bitter Almonds two pounds, let 
 
 and flowers, being bruised, in so much while 
 Wine as is sufficient to cover them, after 
 two days' infusion put in the Oil with the 
 Wheat, bruised, boil them together till the 
 Wine be consumed ; then press it out, and 
 add the Frankincense and Turpentine, then 
 boil them a little, and keep it. 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is appropriated to cleanse 
 and consolidate wounds, especially in the 
 head. 
 
 4 v 
 
THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Oleum (k Capparibus. Wine, boil it in Balneo Maries till the Wine 
 
 Or, Oil of Capers. j be consumed. 
 
 College?] Take of the bark of Caper \ Culpeper.~] It heats, opens obstructions, 
 roots an ounce, bark of Tamarisk, the leaves \ strengthens the nerves, and all nervous parts, 
 of the same, the seeds of Agnus Castus,; as muscles, tendons, ligaments, the ventricle; 
 Cetrach, or Spleenwort, Cypress roots, of j besides these, it strengthens the liver, it 
 each two drams, Rue one dram, oil of ripe ; keeps the hairs from turning grey, and gives 
 Olives one pound, white Wine Vinegar, and \ a good colour to the body. I pray you 
 white Wine, of each two ounces', cut them i take notice that this and the following oils, 
 *nd steep them, and boil them (two days i (till I give you warning to the contrary) 
 being elapsed) gently in a bath, then the ? are not made to eat. 
 Wine and Vinegar being consumed, strain : Oleum Crocinum, 
 
 it, and keep it. "" Or, Oil of Saffron. 
 
 Culpeper.~\ The oil is opening, and hrat- \ College^ Take of Saffron, Calamus Aro- 
 ing, absolutely appropriated to the spleen, \ maticus, of each one ounce, Myrrh, half an 
 hardness and pains thereof, and diseases Jounce, Cardamoms nine drams, steep them 
 coming of stoppings there, as hypocondriac \ six days, (the Cardamoms excepted, which 
 melancholy, the rickets, &c. i are not to be put in till the last day,) in nine 
 
 Oil of Castoreum compound. ! ounces of Vinegar, the day after put in a 
 
 College.'] Take of Castoreum, Styrax \ pound and an half of washed oil, boil it 
 Calamitis, Galbanum, Euphorbium, Opo-j gently according to art, till the Vinegar, be 
 panax, Cassia Lignea, Saffron, Carpobal- i consumed, then strain it. 
 samum or Cubebs, Spikenard, Costus, oft Culpeper.~] It helps pains in the nerves, 
 each two drams, Cypress, Squinanth, Pep- 1 and strengthens them, mollifies their hard- 
 per long and black, Savin, Pellitory of Spain,! ness, helps pains in the matrix, and causes 
 of each two drams and an half, ripe Oil four j a good colour, 
 pounds, Spanish Wine two pounds, the fivej Oil of Euphorbium. 
 
 first excepted, let the rest be prepared as * College.'] Take of Stavesacre, Sopewort, 
 they ought to be, and gently boiled in the; of each half an ounce, Pellitory of Spain 
 Oil and Wine, until the Wine be consumed, | six drams, dried Mountain Calaminl one 
 mean time the Galbanum, Opopanax, and : ounce and an half, Castus two drams, Cash 
 Euphorbium beaten in fine powder, being jtoreum five drams, being bruised, let them 
 dissolved in part of the Wine, and strained, j be three days steeped in three pounds and 
 let them be exquisitely mixed with it (while | an half of Wine, boil them with a pound 
 the oil is warm) by often stirring; the boil- land an half of Oil of Wall-flowers, adding 
 ing being finished, put in the Styrax and j half an ounce of Euphorbium, before thr- 
 Castoreum. i Wine be quite consumed, and so boil it 
 
 Culpeper.~] The virtues are the same with \ according to art. 
 
 the simple. j; Culpeper.'] It hath the same virtue, only 
 
 Oleum Castinum. ; something more effectual than the simple. 
 
 College.'] Take of the roots of bitter: Oleum Excestrense, 
 
 Castus two ounces, Cassia Lignea one ounce, Or, Oil of Exeter, 
 
 the tops of Marjoram eight ounces, being College?] Take of the leaves of Worm- 
 Ijruised, steep them two days in twelve wood, Centaury the less, Eupatorium, Fen- 
 nuuces of sweet white Wine; then with I nel, Hyssop, Bays, Marjoram, Bawm, Nep, 
 three pounds of sallad oil washed in white Pennyroyal, Savin, Sage, Thyme, of each 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 3-51 
 
 'ourounces. Southernwood, Betony, Chame- 1 Culpeper.] See the simple oil of St. 
 pritys, Lavender, of each six ounces, Rose- i John's Wort, than which this is stronger. 
 
 inary one pound, the flowers of Chamomel, 
 Broom, white Lilies, Elders, the seeds of 
 Cummin, and Fenugreek, the roots of Helle- 
 
 Oleum Hyperici magis compositum. 
 Or, Oil of St. John's Woit more compound 
 College^ Take of white W;ne three 
 
 lore black and white, the bark of Ash and i pounds, tops of St. John's Wort ripe 
 Lemons, of each four ounces, Euphorbiuin, ; gently bruised, four handfuJs, steep 
 
 ^* 1 **\ "" . TA 11*. / fl i J . T 1 1l*1 
 
 and 
 them 
 
 Mustard, Castoreum, Pellitory of Spain, of j two days in a glass, close stopped, boil them 
 each an ounce, Oil sixteen pounds, Wine | in a bath, and strain them strongly, repeat 
 three pounds, the herbs, flowers, seeds, and \ the infusion three times, having strained it 
 Euphorbium being bruised, the roots, barks, j the third time, add to every pound of cle- 
 and Castoreum cut, all of them infused ! coction, old Oil four pounds, Turpentine 
 twelve hours in the Wine and Oil, in a warm | six ounces, oil of Wormwood three ounces, 
 bath, then boiled with a gentle fire, to the; Dittany, Gentian, Carduus, Tormentil, Car- 
 consumption of the Wine and moisture, {line, or Cordus Maria, Calamus Aromaticus, 
 strain the Oil and keep it. jail of them bruised, of each two drams, 
 
 Culpeper J] Many people by catching \ Earth-worms often washed in white Wine 
 bruises when they are young, come to feel ? two ounces, set it in the sun five or six weeks, 
 it when they are old : others by catching j then keep it close stopped, 
 cold, catch a lameness in their limbs, toj Culpeper.'] Besides the virtue of the sim- 
 both which I commend this sovereign oil to i pie oil of St. John's Wort, which this per- 
 bathe their grieved members with. | forms more effectually, it is an excellent 
 
 Oleum Hirundinum, j remedy for old bruises, aches, and sprains. 
 
 Or, Oil of Swallows. Oleum Irinum, 
 
 College.] Take of whole Swallows six- j Or, Oil of Orris, 
 
 teen, Chamomel, Rue, Plantain the greater j College.] Take of the roots of Orris 
 and lesser, Bay leaves, Pennyroyal, Dill, j Florentine, three pounds four ounces, the 
 Hyssop, Rosemary, Sage, Saint John's Wort, | flowers of purple Orris fifteen ounces, 
 Costmary, of each one handful, common j Cypress roots six ounces, of Elecampane 
 Oil four pounds, Spanish Wine one pound, : three ounces, of Alkanel two ounces, Cin- 
 inake it up according to art. | namon, Spikenard, Benjamin, of each one 
 
 Culpeper.] Both this and the former are 5 ounce : let all of them, being bruised as 
 
 appropriated to old bruises and pains thereof | they ought to be, be steeped in the sun, or 
 
 coining, as also to sprains. t other hot place, in fifteen pounds of old oil, 
 
 Oleum Hyperici compositum. j and four pounds and an half of clear water, 
 
 Or, Oil of St. John's W'ort compound. : after the fourth day, boil them in Balneo 
 ' College.] Take of the tops of St. John's | Marine, the water being consumed, when it 
 Wort four ounces, steep them three whole \ is cold, strain it and keep it. 
 days in a pound of old Sal lad Oil, in the heat | Culpeper.'] The effects are the same with 
 either of a bath, or of the sun, then press j the simple, only 'tis stronger, 
 them out, repeat the infusion the second or j Oleum MarjorantB. 
 
 third time, then ^boil them till the wine be! Or, Oil of Marjoram, 
 
 almost consumed, press them out, and by \ College.] Take of Marjoram four hand- 
 adding three ounces of Turpentine, and onejfuls, Mother of Thyme two handfuls, the 
 scruple of Saffron, boil it a little and keep j leaves and berries of Myrtles one handful, 
 it. | Southernwood, Water Mints, of each half; 
 
3o8 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 an handful, being cut, bruised, and put in a! Cardamoms, of each one ounce and a half, 
 glass, three pounds of Oil Omphacine being j bruise them all grossly, ,and steep them in 
 put to it, let it stand eight days in the sun, \ water and wine, of each fourteen ounces, 
 -*r in a bath, close stopped, then strain it ; Oil of Sesamin, or oil of Olives, four pounds 
 out, in the oil put in fresh simples, do so the | and an half, for one day : then perfect the 
 third time, the oil may be perfected accord- > oil by boiling it gently in a double vessel. 
 }ng to art. Oleum Populeum. Nicholaus. 
 
 Culpeper.] It helps weariness and dis- j College.] Take of fresh Poplar buds 
 eases of the brain and nerves, coming of; three pounds, Wine four pounds, common 
 cold ; it helps the dead palsy, the back (viz. j Oil seven pounds two ounces, beat the Pop- 
 the region along the back bone) being 5 lar buds very well, then steep them seven 
 anointed with it ; being snuffed up in the - days, in the oil and wine, then boil them in 
 nose, it helps Spasmus cynicus, which is a j a double vessel till the wine be consumed, 
 wrying the mouth aside ; it helps noise in i (if you infuse fresh buds once or twice be- 
 the ears being dropped into them, it pro- 5 fore you boil it, the medicine will be the 
 vokes the menses, and helps the biting of j stronger,) then press out the oil and keep it. 
 venomous beasts ; it is a most gallant oil to ; Culpeper.] It is a fine cool oil, but the 
 strengthen the body, the back being anointed i ointment called by that name which follows 
 with it ; strengthens the muscles, they being | hereafter is far better, 
 chafed with it ; helps head-ache, the fore- > 
 head being rubbed with it. : 
 
 Moschelaum OINTMENTS MORE SIMPLE. 
 
 Or, Oil of Musk. 
 
 College.'] Take two Nutmegs, Musk one j Unguentum album, 
 
 dram, Indian leaf or Mace, Spikenard, \ Or, white Ointment. 
 
 Costus, Mastich, of each six drams, Styrax : College.~] Take of Oil of Roses nine 
 Calamitis, Cassia Lignea, Myrrh, Saffron, I ounces, Ceruss washed in Rose-water and 
 Cinnamon, Cloves, Carpobalsamum or 1 diligently sifted, three ounces, white Wax 
 Cubebs, Bdellium, of each two drams, pure i two ounces, after the wax is melted in the 
 Oil three pounds, Wine three ounces, bruise j oil, put in the Ceruss, and make it into an 
 them as you ought to do, mix them, and let ointment according to art, add two drams of 
 them boil easily, till the Wine be consumed, i Camphire, made into powder with a few 
 the Musk being mixed according to art after { drops of oil of sweet Almonds, so will it be 
 it is strained. I camphorated. 
 
 CulpeperJ] It is exceeding good against I Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling, drying 
 all diseases of cold, especially those of the j ointment, eases pains, and itching in wounds 
 stomach, it helps diseases of the sides, they j and ulcers, and is an hundred times better 
 being; anointed with it, the stranguary, cho- j with Camphire than without it. 
 lie, and vices of the nerves, and afflictions I Unguentum Egyptiacum. 
 
 of the reins. College.] Take of Verdigris finely pow- 
 
 Oleum Nardinum. : dered, five parts, Honey fourteen parts, 
 
 Or, Oil of Nard. ; sharp Vinegar seven parts, boil them to a 
 
 College.] Take of Spikenard three ounces, -just thickness, and a reddish colour. 
 Marjoram two ounces, Wood of Aloes, i Culpeper.'] It cleanses filthy ulcers and 
 Calamus Aromaticus, Elecampane, Cypress, | fistulas forcibly, and not without pain, it 
 Bay leaves, Indian leaf or Mace, Squinanth, j takes away dead and proud flesh, and dries. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 359 
 
 Unguentum Anodynum. ; ounce, Oil five ounces, powder the Oliba- 
 
 Or, an Ointment to ease pain. j num and Myrrh, and the rest being melted, 
 
 College.] Take of Oil of white Lilies, | make it into an ointment according to art. 
 six ounces, Oil of Dill, and Chamomel, of; Basilicon, the /ess. 
 
 each two ounces, Oil of sweet Almonds one j College.~] Take of yellow Wax, fatRozin, 
 ounce, Duck's grease, and Hen's grease, of | Greek Pitch, of each half a pound, Oil nine 
 each two ounces, white Wax three ounces, | ounces : mix them together, by melting 
 mix them according to art. : them according to art. 
 
 Citlpeper.~] Its use is to assuage pains in ; Culpeper.] Both this and the former, 
 any part of the body, especially such as ! heat, moisten, and digest, procure matter in 
 come by inflammations, whether in wounds } wounds, 1 mean brings the filth or corrupted 
 or tumours, and for that it is admirable. | blood from green wounds : they dense and 
 
 Unguentum ex Apio. ease pain. 
 
 Or, Ointment of Smallage. Ointment of Bdellium. 
 
 College] Take of the juice of Smallage j College] Take oi' Bdellium six drams 
 one pound,- Honey nine ounces, Wheat j Euphorbimn, Sagapen, of each four drams 
 flower three ounces, boil them to a just i Castoreum three drams, Wax fifteen drains, 
 thickness. i Oil of Elder or Wall-flowers, ten drams, 
 
 Culpeper] It is a very fine, and very j the Bdellium, and Sagapen being dissolved 
 gentle cleanser of wounds and ulcers. j in water of wild Rue, let the rest be united 
 
 Liniment of Gum Elemi. ; by the heat of a bath. 
 
 College.'] Take of Gum Elemi, Turpen-i Unguenfam de Calce. 
 
 tine of the Fir-tree, of each one ounce and 
 an half, old Sheep's Suetcleansed twoounces, 
 
 Or, Ointment of Chalk. 
 College.'] Take of Chalk washed, seven 
 
 old Hog's grease cleansed one ounce: mix! times at least, half a pound, Wax three 
 them, and make them into an ointment 5 ounces, Oil of Roses one pound, stir them all 
 according to art. i together diligently in a leaden mortar, the 
 
 Culpeper.'] It gently cleanses and fills up i wax being first melted by a gentle fire in a 
 an ulcer with flesh, it being of a mild nature, I sufficient quantity of the prescribed oil. 
 and friendly to the body. f Culpeper] It is exceeding good in burn- 
 
 Ungtientum Aureitm. \ ings and scaldings. 
 
 College.] Take of yellow Wax half a ! Unguentum Dialthce. 
 
 pound, common Oil two pounds, Turpen-j Or, Ointment of Marsh-mallows, 
 
 tine two ounces, Pine Rozin, Colophonia, of s College.] Take of common Oil foui 
 each one ounce and an half, Frankincense, 1 pounds, mussilage of Marsh-mallow roots, 
 
 Mastich, of each one ounce, Saffron one 
 dram, first melt the wax in the oil, then the 
 
 Linseed, and Fenugreek seed two pounds: 
 boil them together till the watry part 
 
 Turpentine being added, let them boil of the mussilage be consumed, then add 
 together; having done boiling, put in the j Wax half a pound, Rozin three ounces, 
 rest in fine powder, (let the Saffron be the | Turpentine an ounce, boil them to the con- 
 last) and by diligent stirring, make them insistence of an ointment, but let the mussilage 
 into an ointment according to art. j be prepared of a pound of fresh roots 
 
 Basilicon, the greater. j bruised, and half a pound of each of the 
 
 College] Take of white Wax, Pine {seeds steeped, and boiled in eight pounds of 
 Rozin, Heifer's Suet, Greek Pitch, Tur-j spring water, and then pressed out. See 
 pentine, Ohbanum, Myrrh, of each one ' the compound. 
 
 4 z 
 
60 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Unguentum Diapompholygos. \ Unguentum de mini? sive rubrum Camphora 
 
 College.'] Take of Oil of Nightshade j Or, Ointment of red Lead, 
 
 sixteen ounces, white Wax, washed Ceruss, j CoU -, Take of Qil f Roses Qne 
 ot each tour drams, Lead burnt and washed, | d ^ an ha]f red Lead three Qu 
 Pomphohx prepared, of each two ounces, | g th twQ Qunce ' ^^ ^ ounce ^ 
 imrclrankmcenseoneounce: bring them an ha if; Tutty ^^ drams Camphire tw 
 into the form of an ointment according to j drams? Wax Qne ounce and an ha] {- make h 
 
 ^, , -, mi i T/. ; into an ointment according; to art, in a pes- 
 
 Culpeper.-] This much differing from the| tle and mortermade o f Lead, 
 former, you shall have that inserted at latter j CI</WWT ;J This ointment is as d ; M 
 end, and then you may use which you j a man sha]I J usually read of one; and^al 
 
 56 ' j cooling, therefore good for sores, and such 
 
 Unguentum Emtlatum. | ag are g oubled ^ defluctions . 
 
 Or, Ointment of Elecampane. TT , 7 . . 
 
 CMfeg*.] Take of Elecampane roots! Unguentum e Aicotana, sen Peto. 
 
 boiled in Vinegar, bruised and pulped, one ' Or ' Omtment of Tobacco, 
 
 pound, Turpentine washed in their clecoc- \ College.'] Take of Tobacco leaves bruised, 
 tion, new Wax, of each two ounces, old j two pounds, steep them a whole night fn 
 Hog's grease salted ten ounces, old oil four \ red Wine, in the morning boil it in fresh 
 ounces, common salt one ounce, add the | Hog's grease, diligently washed, one pound, 
 Turpentine to the grease, wax, and oil, being! till the Wine be consumed, strain it, and 
 melted, as also the pulp and salt being! add half a pound of juice of Tobacco, 
 finely powdered, and so make it into an I Rozin four ounces, boil it to the cons-amp- 
 ointment according to art. ! tion of the juice, adding towards the end, 
 Unguentum Enulatum cnm Mercurio. > round Birthwort roots in powder, two 
 Or, Ointment of Elecampane with Quick- 1 ounces, new Wax as much as is sufficient 
 silver, i to make it into an ointment according to 
 
 College.'] Is made of the former oint-jart. 
 
 ment, by adding two ounces of Quick-silver, : Culpeper. ,] It would take a whole summer'? 
 killed by continual stirring, not only with I day to write the particular 1 virtues of this 
 spittle, or juice of Lemons, but with all the | ointment, and my poor Genius is too wenk 
 Turpentine kept for that intent, and part of \ to give it the hundredth part of its ditc 
 the grease, in a stone mortar. I praise: It cures tumours, imposthumes. 
 
 Culpeper.'] My opinion of this ointment, ; wounds, ulcers, gun-shot, stinging with 
 is (briefly) this : It was invented for the : nettles, bees, wasps, hornets, venomous 
 itch, without quiet-silver it will do no good, ; beasts, wounds made with poisoned arrows 
 ivith quick-silver it may do harm. i &c. 
 
 Unguentum Laitrinum commune. Unguentum Nutntum, seu Trifarmacum 
 
 ^ Or, Ointment of Bays common. College.'] Take of Litharge of Gold 
 
 College.'] Take of Bay leaves bruised i finely powdered, half a pound, Vinegar 
 one pound, Bay berries bruised half a : one pound, Oil of Roses two pounds, grind 
 pound, Cabbage leaves four ounces, Neat's- 1 the Litharge in a mortar, pouring to it 
 foot Oil five pounds, Bullock's suet two ; sometimes Oil, some-times Vinegar, till by 
 pounds, boil them together, and strain them, | continual stirring, the Vinegar do no more 
 that so it may be made into an ointment appear, and it come to a whitish ointment, 
 according to aru Culpeper.'] It is of a cooling, drying 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 301 
 
 nature, good for itching of wounds, and {it not and keep it for use; then warm it a 
 such like deformities of the skin. : little again and wash it with fresh Ros&- 
 
 Unguentum Ophthalmicum. \ water, adding to each pound twelve drop* 
 
 Or, An Ointment for the Eyes. | of oil of Lignum Rhodium. 
 College.'] Take of Bole-ammoniac washed I Culpeper.] Its general use is, to softer, 
 in Rose water, one ounce, Lapis Calaminaris ; and supple the roughness of the skin, and 
 washed in Eye bright Water, Tutty pre- j take away the chops of the lips, hands, 
 pared, of each t\vo drams, Pearls in very j face, or other parts, 
 fine powder half a dram, Caniphire half a j Unguentum Potalile. 
 
 Rcruple, Opium five grains, fresh Butter: College^] Take of Butter without salt, 
 
 i i i\i . * TUf . 1_ _ ! 1 1 _ 1 / O * Ti t 1 1 
 
 washed in Plantain "Water, as much as is 
 sufficient to make it into an ointment ac- 
 
 a pound and an half, Spermaceti, Madder, 
 Tormentil roots, Castoreum, of each half an 
 
 cording to art. ; ounce: boil them as you ought in a saf- 
 
 Culpeper.\ It is exceeding good to stop j ficient quantity of Wine, till the Wine be 
 hot rheums that fall down into the eyes, the . consumed, and become an ointment, 
 eyelids being but anointed with it. Ctilpeper.] I know not what to make 
 
 Unguentum ex Oxylapatho. | of it. 
 
 Or, Ointment of sharp-pointed Dock. Unguentum Resinum. 
 
 College.] Take of the roots of sharp-! College.'] Take of Pine Rozin, or Rozin 
 pointed Dock boiled in Vinegar until they j of the Pine-tree, of the purest Turpentine, 
 be soft, and then pulped, Brimstone washed | yellow Wax washed, pure Oil, of each 
 in juice of Lemons, of each one ounce and | equal parts : melt them into an ointment 
 an half, Hog's grease often washed in juice 'according to art. 
 
 of Scabious, half a pound, Unguentum j Culpepcr.] It is as pretty a Cerecloth for 
 Populeon washed in juice of Elecampane, a new sprain as most is, and cheap, 
 half an ounce : make them into an oint- : Unguentum Rosotum. 
 
 ment in a mortar. Or, Ointment of Roses. 
 
 Cnlpeper.] It is a wholesome, though ? College.'] Take of fresh Hog's grease 
 troublesome medicine for scabs and itch. j cleansed a pound, fresh red Roses half a 
 Unguentum e Plumbo. ; pound, juice of the same three ounces, make 
 
 Or, Ointment of Lead. j it into an ointment according to art. 
 
 College.'] Take of Lead burnt accord- Culpeper.'] It is of a fine cooling nature, 
 ing to art, Litharge, of each two ounces, exceeding useful in all gallings of the skin, 
 CeVuss, Antimony, of each one ounce, Oil I and frettings, accompanied with choleric 
 of Roses as much as is sufficient : make it i humours, angry pushes, tetters, ringworms, 
 into an ointment according to art. j it mitigates diseases in the head coming ot 
 
 Cnlpeper.] Take it one time with another, | heat, as also the intemperate heat of the 
 it will go neer to do more harm than good. 5 stomach and liver. 
 
 Uuguentum Pomatum. Desiccativum Rnbrum. 
 
 College.] Take of" fresh Hog's grease { Or, a drying Red Ointment, 
 
 three pounds, fresh Sheep's suet nine ounces, i College.] Take of the oil of Roses om- 
 Pomewater pared and cut, one pound and , : phacine a pound, white Wax five ounces, 
 nine: ounces, Damask Rose-water six ounces, | which being melted and put in a leaden 
 the roots of Orris Florentine grossly bruised i mortar, put in the Earth of Lemnos or 
 MX drams, boil them in Balneo Maria till { Bole-ammoniac, 'pis Calaminaris, of each 
 llis Apples be soft, then strain it, but press j four ounces, Lith,. ge of Gold. Ceruss,, o-t 
 
362 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 each three ounces, Camphire one dram, 5 Tapsitalewtia. 
 
 make it into an czitmenl according to art. College^ Take of ihe juice of Mullen, 
 
 Culpeper.l It binds and restrains fluxes s Hog's grease, of each as much as you will, 
 
 of humours. ; let the grease be cleansed and cut in pieces, 
 
 Ungnentum e Solano. land beat it with the juice, pressed and 
 
 Or, Ointment of Nightshade. | strained as you did the former ointment, 
 
 College.-] Take of juice of Nightshade, \& kee P ? a convenient vessel nine or 
 Litharge washed, of each five ounces, ten da ? s > then beat it twice, once with fresh 
 Ceruss washed eight ounces, white Wax J ulce ' untl { ll e S re en, and the second time 
 seven ounces, Frankincense in powder ten i without juice beaten well, pouring off what 
 drams, oil of Roses often washed in water j ls discoloured, and keep it for use. 
 two pounds, make it into an ointment ac-' lapsimel. 
 
 cording to art. 
 
 College?] Take of the juice of Celan- 
 
 Culpeper.-] It was invented to take away j d ' ne and Mullen, of each one part, clarified 
 inflammations from wounds, and to keep i Honey, two parts, boil them by degrees till 
 
 j)eople from scratching of them when they l the J ulce b f C0 "l u 7 m ^ d ? addin g < the P 1 ^ 81 ' 
 are almost well 1 cmn prescribing) Vitriol, burnt Alum, burnt 
 
 r\ r\- f m . ; Ink, and boil it again to an ointment ac- 
 
 Or, Ointment of Tutty. ',- 
 
 J i cording to art. 
 
 College.] Take of Tutty prepared two j 
 
 ounces, Lapis Calaminaris often burnt and ; > 
 
 quenched in Plantain Water an ounce, \ 
 
 make them, being finely powdered, into an j OINTMENTS MORE COMPOUND. 
 ointment, with a pound and an half of oint- j Unmientum Agrippa. 
 
 ment of Roses College] Take of Briony roots two 
 
 Culpeper] It is a cooling, drying omt-| ds " t f )e roots of wild Cucumbers one 
 ment, appropriated to the eyes, to dry up d? g illg , mlf a d> fresh E Hsh 
 
 hot and salt humours that flow down thither, j Orris TOOtSj three ounces? the rools of Inafe 
 the eyelids being anointed with it. j Fern, dwarf Elder, water Caltrops, or Aaron, 
 
 Valentia Scabioste. } () f each two ounces, bruise them all, being 
 
 College.'] Take of the juice of green 
 Scabious, pressed out with a screw, and 
 strained through "a cloth, Hog's grease, of 
 each as much as you will, heat the Hog's 
 
 fresh, and steep them six or seven days in 
 four pounds of old oil, the whitest, not rank, 
 then boil them and press them out, and in 
 the oil melt, fifteen ounces of white Wax, 
 
 *^-'* u **. V4V_/A ** vj j *_r V* *** ii\_ u. <-< 1,1 J \_, J I v /CL tj i UtlV- V/ti IllVilV' All l/V^X-- x**JJxv*,vj *mvvs 
 
 grease in a stone mortar, not grind it, putt- land make it into an ointment according to 
 ing in the juice by degrees for the more j art. 
 
 commodious mixture and tincture, after- j Cidpcper."] It purges exceedingly, and 
 wards set it in the sun in a convenient ves- 1 is good to anoint the bdlies of such as have 
 sel, so as the juice may ovenop the grease, < dropsies, and if there be any humour or 
 nine days being passed, pour off the dis- j flegm in any part of the body that yon 
 coloured juice, and beat it again as before, > know not how to remove (provided the part 
 putting in fresh juice, set it in the sun againt be not too tender) you may anoint it with 
 five days, which being elapsed, beat it -this; but yet be not too busy with it, for I 
 again, put in more juice, after fifteen days | tell you plainly it is not ve r y safe, 
 more, do so again, do so five times, after Vnguentitm Aniarwn. 
 
 which, keep it in a glass, or glazed vessel. | Or, A bitter Ointment 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 363 
 
 College.] Take of Oil of Rue, Savin, j Unguentum Citrinum. 
 
 Mints, Wormwood, bitter Almonds, of each : Or, A Citron Ointment, 
 
 one ounce and an half, juice of Peach! College.'] Take of Borax an ounce, 
 flowers and leaves, and Wormwood, of each \ Camphire a dram, white Coral half aa 
 naif an ounce, powder of Rue, Mints, \ ounce, Alum Plume an ounce, Umbilicus 
 Centaury the less, Gentian, Tormentil, ofJMarinus, Tragacanth, white Starch, of 
 each one dram, the seeds of Coleworts, the each three drams, Crystal, Dentalis Utalis, 
 pulp of Colocynthis, of each two drams, | Olibanum, Niter, white Marble, of each 
 Aloes Hepatic, three drams, meal of Lupines j two drams, Gersa Serpentaria an ounce, 
 half an ounce, Myrrh washed in Grass jCeruss six ounces, Hog's grease not salted, 
 water a dram and an half, Bull's Gall an ja pound and an half, Goat's suet prepared, 
 ounce and an half, with a sufficient quan- j an ounce and an half, Hen's fat two ounces 
 tity of juice of Lemons, and an ounce and; and an half. Powder the things as you 
 
 an half of Wax, make it into an ointment 
 according to art. 
 
 Unguentum Apostolorum. 
 
 ought to do both together, and by them- 
 selves, melt the fats being cleansed in a 
 stone vessel, and steep in them two Citrons 
 
 Or, Ointment of' the Apostles. | of a mean bigness cut in bits, in a warm 
 
 ^ -, rr. i f rr ii i bath, after a whole week strain it, and put 
 
 College.] Take of lurpentine, yellow! . ,' , ," , 
 
 XTP- . V in the powders by degrees, amongst which 
 
 Wax, Ammomacum, of each fourteen i *>, , . J &, 
 
 ni-u let the Camphire and Borax be the last, 
 
 drams, long Birthwort roots, Ohbanum,* . j u *u ? 
 
 TJJ , r h c , , A/T u r--i -stir them, and bring them into the form of 
 
 Bdellium, of each six drams, Myrrh, Gil- \ . t 
 
 V i . if f\ ' an ointment. 
 
 banum, of each halt an ounce, (Jpopanax, i TT , f .. . 
 
 ir c T -,i Uunsitentum Martiatum. 
 
 Venhgns, or each two drams, JLitharge I -, n ? , / r t T> ^ 
 
 ^., . , -tr- & , ) College.! lake of fresh Bay leaves three 
 
 nine drains, Oil two pounds, Vinegar enough! , fe A r> 
 
 .1 r> i I pounds, Garden Hue two pounds and au 
 
 to dissolve the Gums, make it into an oint- \ i ir A V AT- 
 
 merit according to art. | half Marjoram two pounds, Mmts a 
 
 Culpeper.-] It consumes corrupt and | pound Sage, Worm^od, Costmary Baz.l, 
 
 dead flesh, and makes flesh soft which isi f ea< T h hal f. a P und f ' Sallad , Gl1 A ^ nt - v 
 
 hard, it cleanseswounds, ulcers, and fistulas j P un ' J " Y" ?VTT K g * 
 
 and restores flesh where it i* wanting. | Wine . tw P ounds ' of a11 f them being 
 
 t Kmic^/1 r\r\i \f*r\ z*r\r\ r\rf*GGf*r\ f\t\T oc frrtAtr 
 
 bruised, boiled, and pressed out as they 
 
 5 
 
 Unguentum Catapsoras. \ OU ght, make an ointment according to art. 
 
 College.] Take of Ceruss washed ; n Pur- i Culpeper.'] It is a great strengthener of 
 
 slain water, then in Vinegar wherein wild 
 Rhadish roots have been steeped and 
 
 the head, it being anointed with it ; as also 
 of all the parts of the body, especially the 
 
 pressed out, Lapis Calaminaris, Chalcilis, 5 nerves, muscles, and arteries. 
 
 of each six drams, burnt Lead, Goat's? Unguentum Mastichinum. 
 
 blood, of each half an ounce, Quick-silver! Or, An Ointment of Mastich. 
 
 sublimated an ounce, the juice of House- 1 College.] Take of the Oil of Mastich, 
 
 leek, Nightshade, Plantain, of each two \ Wormwood, and Nard, of each an ounce, 
 
 ounces, Hog's grease cleansed three pounds, \ Mastich, Mints, red Roses, red Coral, Cloves, 
 
 Oil of Violets, Poppies, Mandrakes, of | Cinnamon, Wood of Aloes, Squinanth, of 
 
 each an ounce : first let the sublimate and | each a dram, wax as much as is sufficient 
 
 exungia, then the oils, juices, and powders, I to make it into an ointment according to 
 
 be mixed, and so made into an ointment j art. 
 
 according to art. Culpeper."] This is like the former, and 
 
364 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 not a whit inferior to it ; it strengthens the 
 stomach being anointed with it, restores 
 
 in Violet Water six ounces, oil of Sweet 
 Almonds four ounces, oil of Chamomel 
 
 appetite and digestion. Before it was called : and Violets, white Wax, of each three 
 a stomach ointment. jounces, Hen's and Duck's greese, of eadi 
 
 Unguent urn Neapolitanum. j two ounces, Orris roots two drams, Saffron 
 
 Colltge.] Take of Hog's grease washed! half a dram: The two last being finely 
 in juice of Sage a pound, Quick-silver ? powdered, the rest melted and often washed 
 strained through leather, four ounces, oil of: in Barley or Hyssop water, make an oint- 
 
 Bays, Chamomel, and Earthworms, of each ! 
 
 ment of them according to art. 
 
 two ounces, Spirit of Wine an ounce, yellow ( CulpeperJ] It strengthens the breast and 
 Wax two ounces, Turpentine washed in ; stomach, eases the pains thereof, helps 
 juice of Elecampane three ounces, powder ; pleurises and consumptions of the lungs, 
 of Chamepitys and Sage, of each two | the breast being anointed with it. 
 drams, make them into an ointment accord- | Unguentum Resumptivum. 
 
 ing to art. College-] Take of Hog's grease three 
 
 Culpeper] A learned art to spoil people: jounces, the grease of Hen's, Geese, and 
 
 hundreds are bound to curse such oint- { Ducks, of each two ounces, Oesipus half 
 
 ments, and those that appoint them. i an ounce, oil of Violets, Chamomel, and 
 
 Unguentum Nervinum ! Dill, fresh Butter a pound, white Wax six 
 
 College.] Take of Cowslips with the jounces, mussilage of Gum Tragacanth. 
 tlowers, Sage, Chamepitys, Rosemary, < Arabic, Quince seeds, Lin-seeds, Marsh- 
 Lavender, Bay with the berries, Chamomel, | mallow roots, of each half an ounce. Let 
 Rue, Smallage, Melilot with the flowers, j the mussilages be made in Rose water, and 
 Wormwood, of each a handful, Mints, j adding the rest, make it into an ointment 
 Betony, Pennyroyal, Parsley, Centaury the J according to art. 
 
 less, St. John's Wort, of each a handful, j Culpeper.'] It mightily molifies without 
 oil of Sheep's or Bullock's feet, five pounds, j any manifest heat, and is therefore a fit 
 oil of Spike half an ounce, Sheep's or | ointment for such as have agues, asthmas, 
 Bui lock's Suet, or the Marrow of either, two; hectic fevers, or consumptions. It is a 
 pounds : the herbs being bruised and \ good ointment to ease pains coming by in- 
 boiled with the oil and suet, make it into an ? liammations of wounds or aposthumes, 
 ointment according to art. I especially such as dryness accompanies, an 
 
 Culpeper.] It is appropriated to the ; infirmity wounded people are many times 
 nerves, and helps their infirmities coining of; troubled with. In inward aposthumes, as 
 cold, as also old bruises, make use of it in i pleurises, one of them to anoint the ex- 
 dead palsies, chilliness or coldness of par- I ternal region of the part, is very benefical. 
 ticular members, such as the arteries per- ; Unguentum Splanchnicum, 
 
 form not their office to as they ought ; forj College.] Take of oil of Capers an 
 wind anoint your belly with it ; for want of jounce, oil of white Lillies, Chamomel, 
 digestion, your stomach; for the cholic,your; fresh Butter, juice of Briony and Sow- 
 belly ; for whatever disease in any part of 1 bread, of each half an ounce, boil it to the 
 the body comes of cold, esteem this as a : consumption of the juice, add Ammoniacum 
 jewel. {dissolved in Vinegar, two drams and an 
 
 Unguentum Pectorale. j half, Hen's grease, Oesypus, Marrow of a 
 
 Or, A Pectoral Ointment. \ Call's Leg, of each half an ounce, powder 
 
 College.'] Take -of fresh Butter cashed : of the bark of the roots of Tamaris and 
 
ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 365 
 
 Capers, Fern roots, Cetrach, of each a dram, j lars and Services, of each a sufficient quaii 
 die seeds of Agnus Castuus, and Broom, 5 tity, then dry them by a gentle fire, and 
 of each a scruple, with a sufficient quantity ! with the oil and wax boil it into an oint 
 of Wax, make it into an ointment accord- 1 ment. 
 
 ing to art, Culpeper.'] It is a gallant drying and 
 
 Unguent um Splanchnicum Magistrate, j binding ointment. Besides, the stomach 
 
 College^] Take of the bark of Caper j anointed with it, stays vomiting, and the 
 roots six drams, Briony roots, Orris Floren- 5 belly anointed with it stays looseness, if 
 tine, powder of sweet Fennel seeds, Ammo- j the fundament fall out, when you have put 
 niacum dissolved in Vinegar, of each half i it up again anoint it with this ointment, and 
 an ounce, tops of Wormwood, Chamomel | it will fall out no more. Do the like by the 
 tlowers, of each a dram, ointment of the | womb if that fall out. 
 juice and of flowers of Oranges, of each six | Ointment of Marsh-mallows, compound 
 drams, oil of Oiris and Capers, of each an; Nicholaus. 
 
 ounce and an half: the things which ought! College.'] Take of Marsh-mallow roots 
 being powdered and sifted, the rest dili-[two pounds, the seeds of Flax and Foenu- 
 gently mixed in a hot mortar, make it into 1 greek, of each one pound, pulp of Squills 
 an ointment according to art. j half a pound, Oil four pounds, Wax one 
 
 Culpeper.] Both these ointments are; pound, Turpentine, G urn of Ivy, Galbanum, 
 appropriated to the spleen, and eases the of each two ounces, Colophonia, Rozin, OT 
 
 pains thereof, the sides being anointed with 
 them. I fancy not the former. 
 Unguentum e Succis. 
 
 each half a pound : Let the roots be well 
 washed and bruised, as also the Linseed, 
 Foenugreek seed, and Squills, then steep 
 
 Or, Ointment of Juices. 5 them three days in eight pints of water, the 
 
 College.'] Take of the juice of Dwarf- j fourth day boil them a little upon the fire. 
 Elder eight ounces, of Smallage and Parsley, and draw out the mussilage, of which take 
 
 of each four ounces, Wormwood and Orris, 
 
 two pounds, and boil it with the oil to the 
 
 of each five ounces, common Oil half a consumption of the juice, afterwards add 
 pound, oil of white Lilies ten ounces, of 5 the Wax, Rozin, and Colophonia, when 
 
 Wormwood and Chamomel; of each six 
 ounces, the fat of Ducks and Hens, of each 
 two ounces, boil them together with a gentle \ 
 
 they are melted, add the Turpentine, after 
 wards theGalbanum and Gum of Ivy, dis- 
 solved in Vinegar, boil them a little, and 
 
 fire till the juice be consumed, then strain j having removed them from the fire, stir them 
 it, and with seven ounces of white Wax, j till they are cold, that so they may be well 
 ind a little white Wine Vinegar, make it; incorporated, 
 into an ointment according to art. Culpeper."] It heals and moistens, helps 
 
 See Unguentum ex Succis Aperitivis. \ pains of the breast coming of cold and 
 Unguentum Sumach. jpleurises, old aches, and stitches, and 
 
 College.'] Take of Sumach, unripe Galls, softens hard swellings. 
 Myrtle berries, Balaustines, Pomegranate \ Unguentum Diapompholigos nihili. 
 
 Pills, Acorn Cups, Cypress Nuts, Acacia, j Nicholaus. 
 
 Mastich, of each ten drams, white Wax j College.'] Take of Oil of Roses sixteen 
 five ounces, oil of Roses often washed in ; ounces, juice of Nightshade six ounces, le* 
 Alum water, a pound and ten ounces, make; them boil to the consumption of the Juice, 
 a fine powder of the things you can, and j then add white Wax five ounces, Ceruss 
 bleep them four whole days in juice of Med- J washed two ounces, Lead burnt and washed* 
 
366 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Pompholix prepared, pure Frankincense,! CulpeperJ] The belly being anointed 
 of each an ounce, let them be brought into \ with it kills the worms, 
 the form of an ointment according to art. 
 
 Culpeper.~\ It cools and binds, drys, and j 
 stays fluxes, either of blood or humours in: 
 
 J j , /-,, , ,, . , n 
 
 wounds, and nils hollow ulcers with flesh. 
 
 Unguentum Refrigerans. Galenus. Ceratum de Galbano. 
 
 It is also called a Cerecloath. Or, Cerecloath of Galbanum. 
 
 College.) Take of white Wax fou/j College.-] Take of Galbanum prepared, 
 ounces, Oil of Roses omphacine one pound, \ an ounce and an halfj Assafcetida half an 
 melt it in a double vessel, then pour it out ounce, Bdellium a dram, Myrrh two drams, 
 into another, by degrees putting in cold j Wax two ounces , Carrot seeds a scruple, 
 water, and often pouring it out of one vessel | Featherfew, Mugwort, of each half a dram, 
 into another, stirring it till it be white, last dissolve the Gums in Vinegar, and make it 
 of all wash it in Rose water, adding a little [ a cere cloath according to art. 
 Rose Water and Rose Vinegar. Culpeper.'] Being applied to the belly 
 
 Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling thing, to 
 cure inflammations in wounds or tumours. 
 Unguentum e Siiccis Aperitivis prinnim. 
 
 of a woman after labour, it cleanses her of 
 any relicts accidently left behind, helps 
 the fits of the mother, and other accidents 
 
 loesius. | incident to women in that case. 
 
 College.-] Take of the juice of Smallage, j ^^ Q 
 
 Endive, Mints, Wormwood, common ; _ _ m . .. f J n: 
 Parsley, Valerian, of each three ounces, oil ! ^.p W Tak f f .^P U ? ! en oun f ? 
 of Wormwood and Mints, of each half a! ' 1 of Chamomel and Orris, of each half 
 pound, yellow Wax three ounces, mix them j a pound yellow Wax two pounds, Rozin a 
 together over the fire, and make of them an pound Mastich, Ammoniacum lurpenlme, 
 ointment 1^ eac ^ an ounce > Spikenard two drarns 
 
 ' 
 
 Cupper] It opens stoppages of the| and a " hf } lf ' .^Jl a dram and ? n ^ ah ' 
 stomach and spleen, eases the rickets, the Styrax Calamit.s half an ounce, make them 
 breast and sides being anointed with it. lnl a cerecloath according to art. 
 
 An Ointment for the Worms. Foesius. Culpeper^ It mohfies and d.gests hard 
 
 College.-] Take of oil of Rue, Savin, swellings of the liver, spleen, womb, nerve, 
 Mints, Wormwood, and bitter Almonds, iJ lnts > ^nd other parts of the body, and is a 
 of each an ounce and an half, juice of the|S reat easer of P ain - 
 flowers or leaves of Peaches, and Worm- ] Ceratum Santalmum. 
 
 wood, of each half an ounce, powder of | College^] Take of red Sanders, ten 
 Rue, Mints, Gentian, Centaury the less, [drams, white and yellow Sanders, of each 
 Tormentil, of each one dram, the seeds oh six drams, red Roses twelve drams, Bole- 
 Coleworts, the pulp of Colocynthis, of each | ammoniac seven drains, Spodium four 
 twodrams, Aloes Hepatic, three drams, the -drams, Camphire two drains, white Wax 
 meal of Lupines half an ounce, Myrrh S washed thirty drams, Oil of Roses ompba- 
 washed in grass water a dram and an half, | cine six ounces: make it into a cerecloath 
 Bull's Galls an ounce and an half, with i according to art. 
 
 iuice of Lemons, so much as is sufficient, j! Culpeper] It wonderfully helps hot in- 
 and an ounce and an half of Wax, make it j firmities of the stomach, liver, and other 
 nto an ointment according to art. ! parts, being but applied to them. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 367 
 
 PLAISTERS. 
 
 Empla strum Bar bar urn Magnum. 
 College^] Take of dry Pitch eight pounds, 
 yellow Wax six pounds and eight ounces, 
 Emplastntm ex dmmomaco. j Per-Rozin five pounds and four ounces, 
 
 Or, A Plaister of Ammoniacum. j Bitumen, Judaicum, or Mummy, four 
 College^] Take of Ammoniacum, Bran \ pounds, Oil one pound and an half, Ver- 
 well sifted, of each an ounce, Ointment of j digris, Litharge, Ceruss, of each three 
 Marsh-mallows, Melilot plaister compound, j ounces, Frankincense half a pound, Roach 
 roots of Briony, and Orris in powder, of \ Alum not burnt, an ounce and an half, 
 each half an ounce, the fat of Ducks, j burnt, four ounces, Opopanax, scales of 
 Geese, and Hens, of each three drams, i Brass, Galbanum, of each twelve drams, 
 Bdellium, Galbanum, of each one dram and j Aloes, Opium, Myrrh, of each half an 
 an half, Per-Rozin, Wax, of each five I ounce, Turpentine two pounds, juice ol 
 ounces, oil of Orris, Turpentine, of each | Mandrakes, or else dried bark of the root, 
 half an ounce, boil the fats and oil with \ six drams, Vinegar five pounds : Ler the 
 mussilage of Lin-seed, and Fenugreek seed, \ Litharge, Ceruss, and Oil, boil to the thick- 
 of each three ounces, to the consumption of ness of Honey, then incorporate with them 
 
 the mussilage, strain it, and add the Wax, 
 Rozin, and Turpentine, the ointment of 
 
 the Pitch, being melted with Bitumen in 
 powder ; then add the rest, and boil them 
 
 Marsh-mallows with the plaister of Melilot; I according to art, till the vinegar be con- 
 when it begins to be cold, put in the j sumed, and it stick not to your hands. 
 Ammoniacum, dissolved in Vinegar, then) Culpeper.] It helps the bitings of men 
 the Bdellium in powder, with the rest of the j and beasts, eases inflammations of wounds, 
 powders, and make it into a plaister accord- | and helps infirmilies of the joints, and gouts 
 ing to art. ; in the beginning. 
 
 Culpeper.] It softens and assuages hard j Emplastrum de Betonica. 
 
 swellings, and scatters the humours offend- Q r ^ p] a j s t e r of Betony 
 
 ins, applied to the side it softens the hard-! n u -i' m i c T> , * 
 
 V . , , College.} I ake of Betony, BuFnet, Agri- 
 
 ness ot the spleen, assuages pains thence 5 -o i A/ 
 
 arising. I mony, Sage, Pennyroyal, Yarrow, Comfrey 
 
 I the greater, Clary, of each six ounces, 
 
 Emplastrum e Baccus Laun. j Frankincense, Mastich, of each three 
 
 Or, A Plaister of Bay-berries. j drams, Orris, round Birthwort, of each six 
 
 College.'] Take of Bay-berries husked, I drams, white Wax, Turpentine, of each 
 
 Turpentine, of each two ounces, Frankin- 1 eight ounces, Per-Rozin six ounces, Gum 
 
 cense, Mastich, Myrrh, of each an ounce, i Elemi, Oil of Fir, of each two ounces, white 
 
 Cypress, Costus, of each half an ounce, : Wine three pounds : bruise the herbs, boil 
 
 Honey wanned and not scummed, four i them in the Wine, then strain them, and add 
 
 ounces : make it into a plaister according to j the rest, and make them into a plaister ac- 
 
 art. cording to art. 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is an excellent plaister to \ Culpeper.~] It is a good plaister to unite 
 ease any pains coming of cold or wind, in j the skull when it is cracked, to dra\v oui 
 any part of the body, whether stomach, j pieces of broken bones, and cover the 
 lirer, belly, reins, or bladder. It is an \ bones with flesh : It draws filth from the 
 excellent remedy for the cholic and wind in | bottom of deep ulcers, restores flesh los 
 the bowels 'cleanses, digests, and drys. 
 
 5 it 
 
368 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Efnplasfrum Ctesarus. \ ed, and made into an emplaister according 
 
 College^] Take of red Roses one ounce j to art. 
 
 and an half, Bistort roots, Cypress Nuts, all \ Catagmaticum the second, 
 
 the Sanders, Mints, Coriander seeds, of 
 each three drams, Mastich half an ounce, 
 
 Hvpocistis, Acacia, Dragon's blood, Earth 
 
 College.'] Take of the roots of Comfrey 
 the greater, Marsh-mallows, Misselto of the 
 Oak, of each two ounces, Platain, Chame- 
 
 of Lemnos. Bole-ammoniac, red Coral, of | pitys, St. John's Wort, of each a handful, 
 each two drams, Turpentine washed in | boil then) in equal parts of black Wine, 
 Plantain water four ounces, Oil of Roses i and Smith's Water till half be consumed, 
 three ounces, white Wax twelve ounces, i strain it, and add mussilage of Quince seeds 
 Per-Rozin ten ounces, Pitch six ounces, : made in Tripe water, Oil of Mastich and 
 the juice of Plantain, Houseleek, and Or- i Roses, of each four ounces, boil it to the 
 pine, of each an ounce, the Wax, Rozin, } consumption of the humidity, and having 
 and Pitch being melted together, add the j strained it, add Litharge of Gold four 
 Turpentine and Oil, then the Hypocistis jounces, boil it to the consistence of an 
 and Acacia dissolved in the juices, at last j emplaister, then add yellow Wax four 
 the powders, and make it into a plaister; ounces, Turpentinethreeounces,Colophonia 
 according to art. i six drams, Ship Pitch ten ounces, powders 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is of a fine, cool, binding, i of Balaustines, Roses, Myrtles, Acacia, of 
 strengthening nature, excellently good to each half an ounce, Mummy, Androsamum, 
 repel hot rheums or vapours that ascend 
 up to the head, the hair being shaved off, 
 and it applied to the crown. 
 
 Emplastrum Catagmaticiim the first. 
 
 College."] Take of juice of Marsh-mallow 
 
 Mastich, Amber, of each six drams, Bole- 
 ammoniac fine flowers, Frankincense, of 
 each twelve drams, Dragon's blood two 
 ounces: make it into a plaister according 
 to art. 
 
 roots six ounces, bark of Ashtree roots, and | Culpeper.~] Both this and the former are 
 their leaves, the roots of Comfrey the greater i binding and drying, the former rules will 
 and smaller with their leaves, of each two j instruct you in the use. 
 ounces, Myrtle Berries an ounce and an i Emplastrum Ccphalicum 
 
 half, the leaves of Willow, the tops of St. I Or, A Cephalic Plaister. 
 
 John's Wort, of each an handful and an i College.] Take of Rozin two ounces, 
 half, having bruised them, boil them together j black Pitch one ounce, Lubdanum, Turpen- 
 in red Wine, and Smith's Water, of each I tine, flower of Beans, and Orobus, Dove's 
 two pound, till half be consumed, strain it,, dung, of each half an ounce, Myrrh, Mas- 
 
 and add Oil of Myrtles, and Roses c npha- 
 cine, of each one pound and an half, Goat's 
 suet eight ounces, boil it again to the con- 
 sumption of the decoction, strain it again, 
 
 tich, of each one dram and an h-df, Gum 
 of Juniper, Nutmegs, of each two drams, 
 dissolve the Myrrh and Labdanum in a hot 
 mortar, and adding the rest, make it into a 
 
 and add Litharge of Gold and Silver, red i plaister accoiding to art. If you will have 
 Lead, of each four ounces, yellow Wax one; it stronger, add the powders, Euphorbium, 
 pound, Colophonia half a pound, boil it to ! Pellitory of Spain, and black Pepper, of 
 the consistance of a plaister, then add Tur-r leach two scruples. 
 
 pentine two ounces, Myrrh, Frankincense, \ Cnlpeper.] It is proper to strengthen the 
 Mastich, of each half an ounce, Bole- } brain, and repel such vapours as annoy it, 
 ammoniac, Earth of Lemnos, of each one j and those powders being added, it dries up 
 ounce, stir them about well till they be boil- 'the superfluous moisture thereof, and ease? 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 309 
 
 the eyes of hot scalding vapours that annoy j it, helps digestion, stays vomiting and putro- 
 thein. | faction of the meat there. 
 
 Emplastrum de Cernssa. Emplastrum e Cymino. 
 
 Or, A Plaister of Ceruss. O r > A Plaister of Cummin. 
 
 College.-} Take of Ceruss in fine powder, \ College.-] Take of Cummin-seed, Bay- 
 white Wax, Sallad Oil, of each three ounces, { bemes, yellow Wax, of each one pound, 
 add the Oil by degrees to the Ceruss, and 1 Per-Rozm two pounds common Rozm 
 boil it by continual stirring over a gentle j three pounds, Ol1 ot Dill halt a pound, 
 lire, till it begin to swell, then add the Wax } mi * them ' and make them into a plaister. 
 cut small by degrees, and boil it to its just j Culpeper] It assuages swellings, takes 
 consistence i away ' d ar,bes coming ot bruises, and ap- 
 
 ' Cu-lpeper] It helps burns, dry scabs, and | P lied , to the belly is an excellent remedy 
 hot ulcers, and in general whatever sores!* 01 " th f wind chohc. Ihis I have often 
 abound with moisture. 1 P roved > and al ) vavs th g ood success. 
 
 r, j . fr A . J&mplastrum Diacalciteos. 
 
 Jbrnplastrum ex Licuta cum Ammomaco. n -i m i f v > c. v i 
 
 College.] lake of Hog s grease fresh and 
 Or, A Plaister of Hemlock with | purged from the skins two poundS) oil o f 
 
 Ammoniacum. j OUves omp h ac i ne , Litharge of Gold beaten 
 
 College.] Take of the juice of Hemlock | and sifted> of eadl three poundSj w i, ite 
 four ounces, Vinegar of Squills, and j Vitriol burnt and d four ounces . , et 
 
 Ammoniacum oteache.ghtounces,dissolvej theLilh grease, and oil boil together 
 
 the Cumin the juice and Vinegar, after a whh a tle fire> wilh a Htt , e P i antain 
 due mfusion, then strain it into its just con- , water? always st i rring itj to the consistence 
 ttstence according to art. j of a p i aister> into Cvhich (being removed 
 
 Cvlpepcr:] I suppose it was invented to ; from the fire) t in the Vitriol and make it 
 mitigate the extreme pains, and allay the j intlaister accordi to art 
 inflammations of wounds, for which it is 5 Culpeper.'] It is a very drying, binding 
 let it not be applied to any j p ] a j ste ,, profitable in green wounds to hinder 
 principal part. > putr efaction, as also in pestilential sores 
 
 Emplastrum e crusta Panis. \ a ft e r they are broken, and ruptures, and 
 
 Or, A Plaister of a crust of Bread. | also in burnings and scaldings. 
 
 College.'] Take of Mastich, Mints, Spo- 1 . Diachylon simple. 
 
 dium, red Coral, all the Sanders, of each j College.] Take of mussilage of Linseed, 
 one dram, Oil of Mastich and Quinces, of \ Fenugreek seed, Marsh-mallow roots, of 
 each one dram and an half, a crust of Bread \ each one pound, old Oil three pounds: boil 
 toasted, and three times steeped in red Rose i it to the consumption of the mussilage, 
 Vinegar, and as often dried, Labdanum, of J strain it, and add Litharge of Gold in fine 
 each two ounces, Rozin four ounces, Styrax \ powder, one pound and an half: boil them 
 Calamitis half an ounce, Barley meal five [with a little water over a gentle fire always 
 drams : make them into a plaister accord- j stirring them to a just thickness, 
 ing to art. Culpeper.'] It is an exceeding good 
 
 Culpeper.] I shall commend th's for a remedy for all swellings without pain, it 
 good plaister to strengthen the brain as any | softens hardness of the liver and spleen, it 
 13 in the Dispensatory, the hair being j is very gentle, 
 shaved off, and it applied to the crown ; also ) Diachylon Ireatum. 
 
 being applied to the stomach, it strengthens ; College.] Add one ounce of Orris in) 
 
370 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 powder to every pound of Diachylon sim- | breaks them, and cleanses them when they 
 pie. i are broken. It is of a most excellent ripen- 
 
 Dlachylon Magnum. \ ing nature. 
 
 Cdlege ] Take of mussilage of Raisins, j Emplaistrum Diaphcmicon hot. 
 
 fat Fis, Mastich, Mallow-roots, Lmseeds, j m i r ' 
 
 and Fenugreek-seeds, Bird-lime, the juice i p ^ ake ^7J llovv f Wax r two 
 
 of Orris and Squills, of each twelve drams unces ' *"': ?" z m ' Pl ^ f ch fo" 
 and an half, CEsy pus or oil of Sheep's feet ! Jnces ' ( ! f lxoses and Nard > f f acl ; one r 
 an ounce and an half, Oil of Orris, Chamo- j n f ce me * themiogether, and add pulp of 
 
 mel, Dill, of each eight ounces, litharge of ates made ] "\ Wme , ^ ur ounces > ***\ of 
 n 11- i ii | Quinces boiled m red Wine an ounce, then 
 
 Go d in fine powder one pound, Turpentine { 
 
 T> h iv f * tn e powders following : take of Bread 
 
 three ounces, Per-Rozm, yellow Wax, or j , P ,," 
 
 "i iU i twice baked, steeped in Wine and dried, 
 
 each two ounces, boil the oil with the mus- i ' ,. 
 
 silages and juice to the consumption of the i tw OU " ces Ma f ch ounce ' F , rankl1 ^ 
 huinidity, strain the oil from the faces, and C ? nse Wormwood, red Roses Spikenard, 
 
 of each two drams and an half, Wood of 
 
 , , 
 
 by adding the Litharge boil it to its con- f . each M tW %? m \ and an haU, Wood ot 
 
 sistrnrp then add the Rozin and Wax 1 AIoes ' Maco ' M ^ rrh ' washed Aloes, Acacia, 
 sistence, then add tne itozm and wax, ru-., 
 
 lastly, it being removed from the fire, add 1 ? roches of f alha Moschata, and Earth of 
 the Turpentine, (Esypus and Birdlime, | ^ emn T s ' ^lamus Aromaticus, of each one 
 make of them a plaister by melting lhein d ^m, Labdanum three ounces, mix them 
 according to art. | and make them lnto a P laister according to 
 
 Culpeper.] It dissolves hardness and in- { "' ' n , 
 flamniations Culpeper.] It strengthens the stomach 
 
 r< - |and liver exceedingly, helps fluxes, apply 
 
 Diacmilon maenum cum Gummi. rv 
 
 n 11 -\ T< i r TJ i ir c t ] t to the places grieved. 
 
 College.] Take of Bdellium, Sagapenum, | = 
 
 Amoniacum, of each two ounces, dissolved | Diaphcsnicon cold. 
 
 in Wine, and added to the mass of Diachy- 
 lon magnum : first boil the gums being dis- 
 
 College.~\ Take of Wax four ounces, Ship 
 Pitch five ounces, Labdanum three ounces 
 
 solved, to the thickness of Honey. * and an half, Turpentine an ounce and an 
 
 Culpeper] This is the best to dissolve ; half, Oil of Roses one ounce, melt these, 
 hard swellings of all the three. land add pulp of Dates almost ripe, boiled 
 
 Diachylon compositum, sive Emplaistrum e in austere Wine four ounces, rlesh of 
 Mmsilaginibus. \ Quinces in like manner boiled, Bread twice 
 
 Or, A Plaister of Mussilages. j baked often steeped in red Wine and dried, 
 
 College!] Take of mussilages of the of each an ounce, Styrax Calamitis, Acacia, 
 middle oark of Elm, Marsh-mallow roots, | unripe Grapes, Balaustines, yellow Sanders, 
 L nseed, and Fenugreek seed, of each four i troches of Terra Lemnia, Myrrh, Wood of 
 ounces and an half, oil of Chamomel, Lilies, 1 Aloes, of each half an ounce, Mastich, red 
 and Dill, of each an ounce and an half, j Roses, of each an ounce and an half, austere 
 Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Sagapen, Opo- j Wine as much as is sufficient to dissolve the 
 panax, of each half an ounce, new Wax j juices, make it into a plaister according to 
 twenty ounces, Turpentine two ounces, art. 
 
 Saffron two drams, dissolve the Gums in i Culpeper?] It strengthens the belly and 
 Wine, ana make it into a plaister according! liver, helps concoction in those parts, and' 
 to art. i distribution of humours, stays vomiting and 
 
 Culpeper.] It ripens swellings, and -fluxes. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 371 
 
 Emplastrum Divinum. \ CulpepcrJ] I found this receipt in an 
 
 Or, A Divine Plaster. * old manuscript written in the year 1513 
 
 College.'] Take of Loadstone four ounces, i 
 Ammoniacum three ounces and three 
 
 the quantity of the ingredients very little 
 altered. 
 
 drams, Bdellium two ounces, Galbanum, j A Plaster of Gum Elemi. 
 
 Myrrh, of each ten drams, Olibanum nine! College.'] Take of Gum Elemi three 
 drams, Opopanax, Mastich, long Birthwort, ; ounces, Per Rozin, Wax, Ammoniacum, 
 Verdigris, of each an ounce, Litharge, j of each two ounces, Turpentine three 
 common Oil, of each a pound and an half, > ounces and an half, Mallaga Wine so much 
 new Wax eight ounces : let the Litharge in | as is sufficient : boil it to the consumption 
 6ne powder be boiled with the oil to a I of the Wine, then add the Ammoniacum 
 thickness, then add the Wax, which being j dissolved in Vinegar. 
 
 melted, take it from the fire, add the Gums ; Culpeper.~\ The operation is the same 
 dissolved in Wine and Vinegar, strain it, ; with Arcem Liniment, 
 then add the Myrrh, Mastich, Frankin- j A Planter of Lapis Calaminaris. 
 
 cense, Birthwort, and Loadstone in powder, | College."] Take of Lapis Calaminaris 
 last of all the Verdigris in powder, and j prepared an ounce, Litharge two ounces 
 make it into a plaster according to art. j Ceruss half an ounce, Tutty a dram, Tur- 
 
 Culpeper.'] It is of a cleansing nature, \ pentine six drams, white Wax an ounce 
 exceeding good against malignant ulcers, | and an half, Stag's Suet two ounces, Frank- 
 it consumes corruption, engenders newjincense five drams, Mastich three drams, 
 flesh, and brings them to a scar. j Myrrh two drams, Camphire a dram and 
 
 Emplastrum Epispasttcum. \ an half, make it up according to art. 
 
 College.'] Take of Mustard seed, Euphor-j Emplastrum ad Herniam. 
 
 bium, long Pepper, of each one dram and 5 College.'] Take of Galls, Cypress Nuts, 
 an half, Stavesacre, Pellitory of Spain of : Pomegranate Pills, Balaustines, Acacia, 
 each two drams, Ammoniacum, Galbanum, ! the seeds of Plantain, Fleawort, Water- 
 Phellium, Sagapen, of each three drams, j cresses, Acorn Cups, Beans terrified, Birth- 
 wiioie Cantharides five drams, Ship Pitch, J wort long and round, Myrtles of each half 
 Rozin, yellow Wax, of each six drams, jan ounce. Let these be powdered, and 
 Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make j steeped in Rose Vinegar four days, then 
 it into a plaster. ! terrified and dried, then take of Comfrey 
 
 Culpeper."] Many people use to draw > the greater and lesser, Horsetail, Woad, 
 
 blisters in their necks for the tooth ache, or > Cetrach, the roots of Osmond Royal, Fearn, 
 
 for rheums in their eyes ; if they please to | of each an ounce, Frankincense, Myrrh, 
 
 lay a plaster of this there, it will doit. j Aloes, Mastich, Mummy, of each two 
 
 Emplastrum a nostratibus, Flos Unguentorum \ ounces, Bole-ammoniac washed in Vinegar, 
 
 Dictum. I Lap, Calaminaris prepared, Litharge of 
 
 Or, Flower of Ointments. Gold, Dragon's blood, of each three ounces, 
 
 College.'] Take of Rozin, Per Rozin, j Ship Pitch two pounds, Turpentine six 
 yellow Wax, Sheep's Suet, of each half a (ounces, or as much as is sufficient to make 
 pound, Olibanum four ounces, Turpentine i it into a plaster according to art. 
 two ounces and an half, Myrrh, Mastich,! Culpeper.'] The plaster is very binding 
 of each an ounce, Camphire two drams, land knitting, appropriated to ruptures c 
 white Wine half a pf\\ n fJ, boil them into a | burstens, as the title of it specifics, it 
 plaster. [strengthens the reins and womb, slays 
 
 5 c 
 
372 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 abortion, it consolidates wourds, and helps j Emplastrum de Meliloto compositum. 
 all diseases coming of cold and moisture. Or, A Plaster of Melilot compound. 
 
 Emplastrum Hystericum. College.~] Take of Melilot flowers six 
 
 College^] Take of Bistort roots one | drams, Chamomel flowers, the seeds of 
 pound, Wood of Aloes, yellow Sanders, | Fenugreek, Bay berries husked, Marsh- 
 Nutmegs, Barberry Kernels, Rose seeds, j mallow roots, the tops of Wormwood and 
 of each one ounce, Cinnamon, Cloves, j Marjoram, of each three drams, the seed} 
 Squinanth, Chamomel flowers, of each half j of Smallage, Ammi, Cardamoms, the roots 
 an ounce, Frankincense, Mastich, Alipta j of Orris, Cypress, Spikenard, Cassia Lignea, 
 Moschata, Gallia Moschata, Styrax Gala- j of each one dram and an half, Bdellium 
 mitis, of each one dram, Mosch half a dram, five drams : beat them all into fine powder, 
 yellow Wax one pound and an half, Tur- the pulp of twelve Figs, and incorporate 
 pentine half a pound, Moschaeleum four them with a pound and an half of Melilot 
 ounces, Labdanum four pounds, Ship Pitch { plaster simple, Turpentine an ounce and an 
 three pounds : let the Labdanum and Tur- \ half, Ammoniacum dissolved in Hemlock 
 
 pentine be added to the Pitch and Wax, 
 being melted, then the Styrax, lastly the 
 
 Vinegar, three ounces, Styrax five drams, 
 oil of Marjoram, and Nard, of each half 
 
 rest in powder, and sifted, that they may \ an ounce, or a sufficient quantity, make if 
 be made into a plaster according to art. (into a plaster with a hot mortar and pestle, 
 
 Culpeper.~] The plaster being applied to 
 the navel, is a means to withstand the fits of 
 the mother in such women as are subject to 
 them, by retaining the womb in its place. 
 
 Emplastrum de Mastich. 
 Or, A Plaster of Mastich. 
 College.^ Take of Mastich three ounces, 
 
 without .boiling. 
 
 Culpeper."] It mollifies the hardness of 
 the stomach, liver, spleen, bowels, and other 
 parts of the body : it wonderfully assuages 
 pain, and eases hypochondriac melancholy, 
 and the rickets. 
 
 Emplastrum de minio compositum. 
 
 Bole-ammoniac washed in black Wine, an j Or, A Plaster of red Lead compound, 
 ounce and an half, red Roses six drams, i College.'] Take of Oil of Roses ompha- 
 
 Ivory, Myrtle Berries, red Coral, of each 
 half an ounce, Turpentine, Colophonia, 
 Tachamahacca, Labdanum, of each two 
 ounces, yellow Wax half a pound, Oil of 
 Myrtles four ounces : make it into a plaster 
 according to art. 
 
 cine twenty ounces, oil of Mastich two 
 ounces, Suet of a Sheep and a Calf, of each 
 half a pound, Litharge of Gold and Silver, 
 red Lead, of each two ounces, a taster full 
 of Wine : boil them by a gentle fire con- 
 tinually stirring it till it grow black, let the 
 
 Cuipeper.'] It is a binding plaster, \ fire be hottest towards the latter end, then 
 
 strengthens the stomach being applied to it, 
 and helps such as loath their victuals, or 
 
 add Turpentine half a pound, Mastich two 
 ounces, Gum Elemi one ounce, white Wax as 
 much as is sufficient : boil them a little, and 
 
 cannot digest it, or retain it till it be 
 digested. make them into a plaster according to art. 
 
 Emplastrum de Meliloto Simplex. Culpeper.'] It potently cures wounds, 
 
 Or, A Plaster of Melilot simple. i old malignant ulcers, and is very drying. 
 College.] Take of Rozin eight pounds, | Emplastrum de minio Simplicius. 
 
 yellow Wax four pounds, Sheep's Suet two| Or, A Plaster of red Lead simple, 
 pounds: these being melted, add green \ College.'] Take of red Lead nine ounces, 
 Melilot cut small, five pounds: make it j Oil of red Roses one pound and an hal 
 into a plaster according to art. j white Wine Vinegar six ounces, boil it 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 373 
 
 into the perfect body of a plaster. It is | and make them into a plaster according to 
 prepared without Vinegar, thus: take of red j art. 
 
 Lead one pound, Oil of Roses one pound \ Culpeper.~] It strengthens the brain and 
 and an half, Wax half a pound, make it j nerves, and then being applied to the back, 
 into a plaster according to art. j down along the bone, it must needs add 
 
 Culpeper.*] It is a fine cooling healing \ strength to the body, 
 plaster, and verv drying. Emplastrum Oxycroceum. 
 
 Emplastrum Metroproptatican. College.-} Take of Saffron, Ship-pi rch, 
 
 f. .. , , c TVT u ? Colophoma, yellow Wax, or each four 
 
 College.] lake of Mastrch one ounce 5 ^ T * nti Qalbanum, Ammonia- 
 and an half, Galbanum dissolved m red | cum M Oliban Mastich of each 
 Wine and strained, six drams Cypress Tur- one ^ and three draim> ^ ^ phch 
 pentine tvvo drams, Cypress Nuts Galls, of | andCo , honia bg ^^ t th then 
 each one dram and an half oil of Nutmegs j add the ^ ^ n (h _ ^^ from 
 by expression one dram, Musk two grams j the fire) the T v enli 5 afterward s the 
 and an half, Pitch scraped off from old Gumg d ' isso , ved in P Vin eg ar , lastly the Saf- 
 ships two drams and an half; beat the Gal- f .. ()n . Q d wdl mi * ed ^ T 
 banum, P.tch, Turpentine, and Mastich > ^ o ^ k into ft ^^ accordin | to 
 gently in a hot mortar and pestle, towards ; 
 
 cl 1 I 
 
 Culpeper.] It is of a notable softening 
 and discussing quality, helps broken bones, 
 
 the end, adding the Oil of Nutmegs, then 
 
 the rest in powder, last of all the Musk 
 
 mixed with a little Oil of Mastich upon a par f m olest e d with cold, old aches, 
 
 marble and by exact mixture make them > ^^ the Umbs by reason of woundgf 
 
 5 ulcers, fractures, or dislocations, and dis- 
 Emplastrum Nermnum. j 8 jp at es cold swellings. 
 
 College."] lake of Oil of Chamomel and 5 Emplastrum Stephaniaion. 
 
 Roses, of each two ounces, of Mastich, I College.'] Take of Labdanum half an 
 Turpentine, and Linseeds, of each an ounce J ounce, Styrax, Juniper Gum, of each two 
 and an half, Turpentine boiled four ounces, j drams, Amber, Cypress, Turpentine, of 
 Rosemary, Bettony, Horsetail, Centaurythe j each one dram, red Coral, Mastich, of each 
 less, of each a handful, Earth-worms washed j half a dram, the flowers of Sage, red 
 and cleansed in Wine three ounces, tops i Roses, the roots 'of Orris Florentine, of 
 of St. John's Wort a handful, Mastich, Gum : each one scruple, Rozin washed in Rose- 
 Elemi, Madder roots, of each ien drams, : water half an ounce, the Rozin, Labdanum^ 
 
 Ship-pitch, Rozin, of each an ounce and 
 an half, Litharge of Gold and Silver, of 
 
 Juniper Gum, and Turpentine, being gently 
 beaten in a hot mortar, with a hot pestle, 
 
 each two ounces and an half, red Lead two } sprinkling in a few drops of red Wine till 
 
 ounces, Galbanum,Sagapen,Ammoniacum, > they are in a body; then put in the pow- 
 
 of each three drams; boil the roots, herbs, \ ders, and by diligent stirring make them 
 
 and worms, in a pound and an half of Wine | into an exact plaster. 
 
 till half be consumed, then press them out, ; Emplastrum Sticticum* 
 
 and boil the decoction again with the Oils, ] College'] Take of Oil of Olives six 
 
 Suets, Litharge, and red Lead, to the con- | ounces, yellow Wax an ounce and an half, 
 
 sumption of the Wine: then add the Gums J Litharge in powder four ounces and an 
 
 dissolved in Wine, afterwards the Turpen- \ half, Ammoniacum, Bdellium, of each half. 
 
 tine, Rozin, Pitch, and Mastich, in powders j an ounce, Galbanum, Opopanax OiL 
 
374 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Bays, Lapis Calaminaris, both sorts of \ or faces of liquid Styrax, Bdellium, of each 
 Birthwort, Myrrh, Frankincense, of each \ one dram, Litharge half a dram. 
 two drams, pure Turpentine an ounce. Let i Culpeper.~] It is of a gentle emolient 
 the Oil, Wax, and Litharge be boiled toge- ! nature, prevails against stoppings of the 
 ther till it stick not to your fingers, then the ; stomach, coming of cold, hardness of the 
 mass being removed from the fire and cooled i spleen, coldness of the liver and matrix. 
 a little, and the Gums dissolved in white j Emplastrum Gratia Dei. Nich. 
 Wine Vinegar, which evaporate away by \ Or the Grace of God. 
 
 boiling, strain it strongly, then add the 5 College.'] Take of Turpentine half a 
 powders, Turpentine, and Oil of Bays, that j pound, Rozin one pound, white Wax four 
 it may be made into a plaster according to \ ounces, Mastich an ounce, fresh Betony, 
 art. Vervain, and Burnet, of each one handful. 
 
 CulpeperJ] It strengthens the nerves, ! Let the herbs, being bruised, be sufficiently 
 draws out corruption, takes away pains and j boiled in white Wine, the liquor pressed 
 aches, and restores strength to members that ! out, in which let the Wax and Rozin be 
 have lost it : the last is most effectual. | boiled to the consumption of the liquor : 
 
 Emplastrum Stomachicum Magistrals. \ bein g taken from the fire > Iet the Turpentine 
 
 Or, A Stomach Plaster. I be ixed w . ith ]t ' \ asi \ * e Mastl f f in 
 
 -, m i /. T r - ur i * powder, and so make of them a plaster 
 
 College.] Take of Mints, Wormwood, i ccordi ' to art 
 
 Stadias, Bay leaves of each a dram Mar- Cul ^ It ' is excellent d in woundg 
 joram, red Roses, yellow Sanders of each ; &nd M ^ for ifc k | back inflam _ 
 two drams, Calamus Aromaticus, Wood of j mat g ^^ and join / wounds> fills 
 Aloes, Lavenderflowers, Nutmegs, Cubebs, | ulcerg wkh flegh 
 
 Galanga long Pepper Mace of each a j E i astrum ' de Janua , or of Beton 
 dram, Mastich three drams, Cloves two ; Nicholaus 
 
 drams and an half Oil of Mints an ounce j Cott e ^ Take of the j uice of Bet ony, 
 and an half, Oil of Nard an ounce, Oil of plantai ^ a J nd Sma llage, of each one pound, 
 Spike a dram, Rozin Wax, of each four| w pitch Rozin f T entine> o f each 
 ounces, Labdanum three ounces, Styrax j half a nd boil ^ Wa ^ &nd Rozin in 
 half an ounce : make it into a plaster. | ^ .F^ ^ ft ]e fif continuall 
 
 - J 
 
 Culpeper.-] Both this and the other of | ^ them ^ ^ juice be consumed 
 
 J 
 
 that name which you shall have by and by, , then ^ ^ T t J ine and p itch con . 
 strengthen the stomach exceedingly, help j ^ & ^. u gj k be fe ht Jnto th(J 
 digestion and stay vomiting. ; consistence of a plaster according to art. 
 
 Emplaslrum Ceroma, or, Ceroneum. Emplastrum Isis Epigoni. Galen. 
 
 Nich. Alex. College.'] Take of yellow Wax an hun- 
 
 College.~] Take of Pitch scraped from a ; drcd drams, Turpentine two hundred drams, 
 Ship that hath been a long time at Sea, j scales of Copper, Verdigris, round Birth- 
 yellow Wax, of each seven drams, Saga- j wort, Frankincense, Sal-ammoniac, Ammo- 
 penum six drams, Ammoniacum, Turpen- niacum, burnt brass of each eight drams, 
 tine, Colophonia, Saffron, of each four jburnt Alum six drams, Aloes, Myrrh, Gal- 
 drams, Aloes, Olibanum, Myrrh, of eachibanum, of each an ounce and a half, old 
 three drams, Styrax Calamitis, Mastich, | Oil one pound, sharp Vinegar so much as 
 Opopanax, Galbanum, Alum, the seeds of (is sufficient. Let the metals be dissolved 
 Fenugreek, of each two drams, the settlings j in the sun with the Vinegar, then put iu 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 375 
 
 those things that may be melted, last of all! Turpentine, last of all the Colophonia, 
 the powders, and make them all into an i Mastich, Frankincense, Bdellium, Alum, 
 emplaster. Myrrh, and Fenugreek in powder : let 
 
 Culpeper.~\ Galen appropriates it to the j them be made into a plaster, 
 head, and ulcers there. I know no reason ; Culpeper.~] It strengthens the stomach, 
 
 but why it may as well serve for other parts 
 
 of the body. 
 
 A Plaster of Mastich. Nich. Alex. 
 
 College.] Take of Mastich, Ship Pitch, \ College] Take of Colophonia, Rozin, 
 
 Sagapenum, Wax, of each six drams, j Ship Pitch, white Wax, roman Vitriol, 
 
 and helps digestion. 
 Emplastrum Nigrum. August. Called in 
 Dutch Stichstaster. 
 
 Ammoniacum, Turpentine, Colophonia, 
 Saffron, Aloes, Frankincense, Myrrh, of 
 
 Ceruss, Olibanum, Myrrh, of each eight 
 ounces, Oil of roses seven ounces, Oil of 
 
 each three drams, Opopanax, Galbanum, Juniper Berries three ounces, Oil of Eggs 
 Styrax, Calamitis, Alum, (Rondeletius ap-jtwo ounces, Oil of Spick one ounce, white 
 points, and we for him) Bitumen, Fenu- \ Vitriol, red Coral, Mummy, of each two 
 greek, of each two drams, the feces of j ounces, Earth of Lemnos, Mastich, Dragon's 
 Liquid Styrax, Bdellium, Litharge, of each j blood, of each one ounce, the fat of an 
 half a dram : Let the Litharge, being beaten I Heron one ounce, the fat of Pimullus three 
 into powder, be boiled in a sufficient quan- 1 ounces, Load stone prepared, two ounces, 
 
 tity of water; then add the pitch, which 
 being melted, add the Wax and Ammoni- 
 acum, afterwards let the Sagapenum, Opo- 
 panax, and Galbanum be put in ; then the \ Culpeper.~] It is very good in green 
 Styrax and Feces being mixed with the j wounds and shootings. 
 
 Earthworms prepared, Camphire, of each 
 one ounce ; make them into a plaster ac- 
 ;ording to art. 
 
 5 D 
 

 A KEY 
 
 TO 
 
 GALEN'S METHOD OF PHYSIC. 
 
 The general use of physic. \ the whole ground and foundation of physic) 
 
 I SHALL desire thee, whoever thou art, ! are totally led astray by Tradition. 
 
 that intendest the noble (though too much j It is the manifest qualities of medicines 
 
 abused) study of physic, to mind heedfully ] that here I am to speak to, and you may be 
 
 these following rules ; which being well un- 1 pleased to behold it in this order. 
 
 derstood, shew thee the Key of Galen and I 
 
 Hippocrates their method of physic: he! 
 
 that useth their method, and is not heedful 
 
 of these rules, may soon cure one disease, 
 
 and cause another more desperate. 
 
 That thou mayest understand what I{ 
 
 intend, it is to discover in a general way of 
 
 the manifest virtues of medicines. 
 
 SECTION. 1. Of the Temperature of 
 
 Medicines. 
 SECTION. 2. Of the appropriation of 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 viz. 
 
 I say of the manifest virtues, and qualities, j 
 iz. Such as are obvious to the senses,? 
 especially to the taste and smell: for it! 
 hath been the practice of most Physicians, 
 in these latter ages as well as ours, to say, 
 
 {SECTION. 3. Of the Properties of Medicines 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 when they cannol give, nor are minded to , Of the Temperature of Medicines. 
 
 study a reason, why an herb, plant, &c. I Herbs, plants, and olher medicines mani- 
 hath such an operation, or produces such an festly operate, either by heat, coldness, dry- 
 effect in the body of man : It doth it by an j ness, or moisture, for the world being corn- 
 hidden quality, for they not minding the: posed of so many qualities, they and only 
 wholecreation,asoneunitedbody,notknow-Uhey can be found in the world, and the 
 ing what belongs to crstrer/w/fr/fTJce, not regard-j mixtures of them one with another, 
 ing that excellent harmony the only wise \ But that they may appear as clear as the 
 God hath made in a composition of con-: sun when he is upon the meridian, I shall 
 sraries (in the knowledge of which consists I treat of them severally, and in this order 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED 877 
 
 1. Qf Medicines temperate. j and vigour, and may be used without dan- 
 
 2. Of Medicines hot. Iger, or fear of clanger, by considering whch 
 
 3. Of Medicines cold. ! part of the body is weak, and using such 
 
 4. Of Medicines moist. \ temperate medicines as are appropriated to 
 
 5. Of Medicines dry. j that part. 
 
 Of Medicines hot. 
 Of Medicines Temperate. The care of the ancient Physicians was 
 
 If the world be composed of extremes, ; such that they did not labour to hide from, 
 then it acts by extremes, for as the man is, ' but impart to posterity, not only the tem- 
 so is his work: therefore it is impossible: perature of medicines in general, but also 
 that anv medicine can be temperate, but -their degrees in temperature, that so the 
 may he reduced to heat, cold, dry ness, or | distempered part may be brought to its 
 moisture, and must operate, (I mean such as ; temperature, and no further ; for all things 
 operate by manifest quality) by one of these, j which are of a contrary temperature, con- 
 because there is no other to operate by, and j duce not to cure, but the strength of the 
 that there should be such a temperate mix- i contrariety must be observed, that so the 
 ture, so exquisitely of these qualities in any | medicine may be neither weaker nor strong- 
 medicine, that one of them should not | er, than just to take away the distemper ; 
 manifestly excel the other, I doubt it is a 'for if the distemper be but meanly hot, and 
 system too rare to find. !j u a pp'j a medicine cold in the fourth 
 
 Thus then I conclude the matter to be, j degree, it is true, you may soon remove that 
 
 those Medicines are called temperate (not 
 because they have excess of temperature 
 
 distemper of heat, and bring another ot 
 old twice as bad. Galen, de simp. med.facuL 
 
 at all in them;which can neither be said, \lib. 3. cap. 12. 
 to heat nor cool so much as will amount to ; Then, secondly, Not only the distemper 
 the first degree of excess, for daily expe- j itself, but also the part of the body dis- 
 ru-nce witnesses that they being added to } tempered must be heeded; for if the head 
 medicines, change not their qualities, they : be distempered by heat, and you give such 
 make them neither hotter nor colder. i medicines as cool the heart or liver, you will 
 
 Their u st. They are used in such dis-j bring another disease, and not cure the 
 eases where there is no manifest distemper j former. 
 
 of the fir-st qualities, viz. heat and cold, J The degrees then of temperature are to 
 fr>r example; In obstruction of the bowels, be diligently heeded, which antient physi- 
 where cold medicines might make the ob- i cians have concluded to be four in the quali- 
 atruction greater, and hot medicines cause a ! tiesi viz. heat and cold, of each we shall 
 fever. ; speak a word or two severally. 
 
 In fevers of flegm, where the cause is | Of Medicines hot in the Jirst degree. 
 cold and moist, and the effect hot and dry; j Those are said to be hot in the first de- 
 in such, use temperate medicines whichmay \ gree, which induce a moderate and natural 
 neither encrease the fever by their heat, I heat to the body, and to the parls thereof; 
 nor condensate the flegm by their coldness. j either cold by nature, or cooled by accident, 
 
 Besides, because contraries are taken by which natural heat is cherished when 
 away by their contraries, and every like weak, or restored when wanting, 
 maintained by its like, they are of great ? Effect \. The first effect then of mcdi- 
 use, to preserve !,he constitution of the body % , cines hot in the first degree, is, by their 1 
 temperate, and the body itself iu strength > sweat and temperate heat to reduce tue 1 
 
378 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 body tons natural heat, as the frredoth the j appropriated to, or by not heeding well the 
 external parts in cold weather, unless the ! complexion of the patient, or the natura 
 affliction of cold be so great that such mild \ temper of the part of the body afflicted, for 
 medicines will not serve the turn. \ the heart is hot, but the brain temperate 
 
 Effect 2. The second effect is, the miti- 1 Effect 4. Lastly, Medicines hot in the 
 gation of pain arising from such adistemper, I first degree, cherish heat in the internal 
 and indeed this effect hath other medicines, i parts, help concoction, breed good blood, 
 some that are cold, and some that are hotter ? and keep it good in temper, being bred. 
 
 than the first degree, they being rationally 
 applied to the distemper. These medicines 
 
 Of Medicines hot in the second degree 
 These are something hotter than the 
 
 the Greeks call Anodyna, and shall be spo- j natu ral temper of a man. 
 ken of in their proper places. In this ^ Their use for such whose stomachs 
 place let it suffice that medicines hot in the \ are fi jj ed with moisture, because their 
 first degree, make the offending humours \ f acu ] ty j s too hot and dry ; they take away 
 thin, and expel them by sweat, or insensible j obstructions or stoppings, open the pores 
 transpiration, and these of all others are: of the skiD) but not in t h e same manner 
 most congruous or agreeable to the body of 5 that such do as are ho t in the first degree, 
 man, for there is no such equal temperature j for the y do lt without force, l)y a gentle heat, 
 of heat and cold in a sound man, but heat | concoct j ng) an( j expelling the humours, by 
 exceeds, for we live by heat and moisture, | strc ngthening and helping nature in thb 
 and not by cold. | wor ^ . but these cut tough humours, and 
 
 Medicines then which are hot in the first , scatter t h em by their own force and power 
 degree, are such as just correspond to the when nature can not. 
 natural heat of our bodies ; such as are j Q , Medicines hot in the Mrd degree . 
 hotter or colder are more subject to do rnis- j T ^ ose which &Uain lhe thjrd Q 
 chief, being administered by an unskilful , h haye the same facultieg with those 
 hand, than these are, because j of their con- , ^^ mentioned but as tl are hotter> 
 tranety to nature ; whereas these are grate- , , are th ore pow erful in their opera- 
 ful to the body by their moderate heat. \ { f ^ are ' so ful in heati 
 
 EfcctS. Thirdly, These take away j and ^ ^ Jf unadvised] y given the | 
 weariness, and help fevers, being outwardly j oause fev ^ ^ Their use is to cut 
 applied, because they open the pores of the j fa and com acted humours, to provoke 
 sk.n, and by their gentle heat prepare the ^ ahundan ;i y; hence it comes to pas 
 humours and take away those fuliginous . ^ n of them regjs t ison . 
 
 vapours that are caused by fevers. -L _, . . , . ,, f ., , 
 
 n;.^ m ,^;*;-. n Yet mav discommo-' f Medicines hot in the fourth degree. 
 
 Those medicines obtain the highest degree 
 of heat, which are so hot that they burn the 
 body of a man, being outwardly applied to 
 it, and cause inflammations, or raise blisters, 
 as Crowfoot, Mustard-seed, Onions, &c. 
 
 dities arise by heedless giving even of these, 
 which I would have young students in phy- 
 sic to be very careful in, lest they do more 
 mischief than they are aware of, viz. It is 
 possible by too much use of them, to con- Y rowtut)l ' 
 lume not only what is inimical in the body, , Of these more ^ ereafter - 
 
 but also the substance itself, and the strength ; 
 
 Of cooling Medicines. 
 
 of the spirits, whence comes faintings, and | Physicians have also observed four de 
 sometimes death : besides, by applying j grees of coldness in medicines, which 1 sha 
 them to the parts of the body they aru ij ;) t briefly treat of in order. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 370 
 
 Of Medicines cold in the first degree. j in the second or third degree, always let 
 Those medicines which are least cold of j the remedy correspond to the just propor- 
 all, obtain the first degree of coldness ; and i tion of the affliction. 
 
 I beseech you take notice of this, that see- { Use 3. Thirdly, Sometimes the spirits 
 incj our bodies are nourished by heat, and | are moved inordinately through heal, thence 
 we live by heat, therefore no cold medi- j follows immoderate watchings, if not de- 
 cines are friendly to the body, but what ! privation of the senses, this also must be 
 good they do our bodies, they do it by re- ! remedied with cold medicines, for cold 
 moving an unnatural heat, or the body \ stops the pores of the skin, makes the 
 heated above it natural temper. ; humours thick, represses sweat, and keeps 
 
 The giving then of cold medicines to a j up the spirits from fainting, 
 man in his natural temper, the season of j Of Medicines cold in the fourth degree. 
 the year also being but moderately hot, ex- j Lastly, The use of medicines cold in the 
 tinguishes natural heat in the body or man. | fourth f j egree? is ^ TO mitigate desperate and 
 Yet have these a necessary use in them j vehement painSj stup jfyin g the senses, when 
 too, though not so frequent as hot medi- j no Qther courge can be taken to gaye life . 
 cines have; and that may be the reason ()f the use of which more hereafter 
 
 why an all wi^e God hath furnished us with | ~ ,. . . , ,. . 
 
 , o Of moistening Medicines. 
 
 far more hot herbs and plants, &c. than J 
 
 1 1 Ihere can be no such difference found 
 
 'Use 1. Their use is first, in nourishment, I amongst moistening medicines, that they 
 that so the heat of food may be qualified, \ should , surpass the second degree. For see- 
 and made for a weak stomach to digest. j in g a11 medicines are either hot or cold, 
 
 Use 2. Secondly, To restrain and assuage 
 the heat of the bowels, and to cool the 
 blood in fevers. 
 
 Therefore if the distemper of heat be but 
 gentle, medicines cold in ' the first degree i 
 will suffice ; also children, and such people i 
 
 neither heat nor cold, seeing they are ex- 
 tremes, can consist with moisture, for the 
 one dries it up, the other condensates it. 
 
 Use. Philosophers therefore call mois- 
 ture and dryness, passive qualities, yet have 
 they their operation likewise; for moist 
 
 Will OULU^Vs j 1*<7V V/I10VLJ v^i*} **.*x* i v'uiv> j - . _ * f* 1 11" 
 
 whose stomachs are weak, are easily hurt? medicines lenifies and make slippery, ease 
 bv cold medicines. the cou gk and Ild P the roughness of the 
 
 Of Medicines cold ir second and third 
 
 throat. These operations are proper to 
 ae^ree medicines moist in the first degree. 
 
 Use 1. Such whose stomachs are strong j Tho ?, e which arc moister, take away 
 and livers hot, may easily bear such medi- j naturally strength, help the sharpness of 
 cities as are cold in the second degree, and | humours, make both blood and spirits 
 in cases of extremity find much help by j thicker, looses the belly, and fits it for pur- 
 them : as also by such as are cold in the j g a *l on> . 
 
 third degree, the extremity of the disease.! 1 he immoderate or indiscreet use of them 
 considered, for by both these the unbridled I dulls the Wy, and makes it unfit for action, 
 heat of choler is assuaged. Qf drying Medicines. 
 
 Use 2. Also they are outwardly applied 
 Jo hot swellings, due consideration being 
 
 Drying medicines have contrary faculties 
 to these, viz. To consume moisture, stop 
 
 dad, that if the inflammation be not great, i fluxes, and make such parts dry as are 
 use those that are less ; if the inflammation 1 slippery, they make the body and members 
 be vehement, make use of medicines cold { firm, when they are weakened by too much 
 
 5 L 
 
380 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 moisture, that so they may perform their 
 proper functions. 
 
 Yet although the members be strengthen- 
 ed by drying medicines, ihey have not- 
 withstanding their own proper moisture in \ 
 them, which ought to be conserved, and not* 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 destroyed, for without it they cannot con- 
 sist : If then this moisture be consumed by 
 
 using, or rather over use of drying medi- -benefit of my labour, they shall find them 
 cines, the members can neither be nourish- 1 presented to their view in this order. 
 
 Of the appropriation of Medicines to the 
 
 several parts of the body. 
 That the qualities and use of these medi- 
 cines may be found out, and understood 
 by evcrv one, and so my country reap the 
 
 ed, nor yet perform their proper actions. 
 
 Such medicines as are dry in the third j 
 degree, being unadvisedly given, hinder! 
 the parts of the body they are appropriated $ 
 to, of their nourishment, and by that means \ 
 brings them into consumption. 
 
 lungs 
 
 Besides, There is a certain moisture in 
 
 Medicines appropriated. 
 
 1. To the head, 
 
 2. To the breast and 
 
 3. To the heart. 
 
 4. To the stomach. 
 
 5. To the liver. 
 
 6. To the spleen. 
 
 7. To the reins and Madder. 
 
 8. To the womb. 
 p. To the joints. 
 
 which is an effect of heat and not of dry- 1 w r 
 ness, unless by burning, Galen means con- t Q ^ 
 summg the radical moisture. 
 
 the body of man, which is called radical \ 
 
 moisture, which being taken away, the parts] 
 
 must needs die, seeing natural heat and lifej 
 
 also consists in it, and this may be done by | 
 
 too frequent use of medicines dry in the I 
 
 fourth degree : And it may be this was the \ 
 
 reason of Galen's writing, that things dry \ HAP ER I. 
 
 in the fourth degree, must of necessity burn ; ! Qf Medicines appropriated to the head. 
 
 TI- n i str* 10 "*-* n-frnnt' s^r It Ark t* r* t *-J *-^-vfr f*r <! ir i _. 11 1 1111 
 
 is usually understood all that 
 ipart of the body which is between the top 
 iof the crown, and the uppermost joint of 
 
 The use then of drying medicines, is only ; t , ]e n( , t are those me dicines properly 
 to such bod.es, and parts of the body, as j ca]ied CephaKca l, wh i c h are appropriated 
 abound with moisture, in which observe 5 to the b ^ not to the ^ cars nor 
 
 these rules. | teeth; neither are those medicines which are 
 
 1. If the mo.sture be not extcme, let not j f to the a]so , the 
 
 the medifine be extremely drying. 
 3. Let it be proper to 
 
 body afflicted, for if the liver 
 
 by moisture, and you go about to dry the j ^Medicines appropriated 
 
 .brain or heart, you may sooner kill than } 
 
 cure. 
 
 Thus have we briefly spoken of the first j 
 
 qualities of medicines, and in the general t 
 
 only, and but briefly, because we shall j 
 
 always touch upon them in the exposition | 
 
 of the other qualities, in which you mustj For what medicines are appropriated 
 
 alwa ys have an eye to these. jan unruly tongue, is not in 
 
 iryng. j therefore (my intent being to write as plain 
 
 ?. thc P art " f tlK ,1 as I can) I shall subdivide this chapter into 
 liver be afflicted J th(?se t- 
 
 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 
 5. 
 
 To the brain. 
 
 To the eyei 
 
 To the mouth, and nostnls. 
 
 To the ears. 
 
 To the teeth. 
 
 \ present to determine. 
 
 to 
 my power at 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 381 
 
 Of Medicines appropriated to the brain. \ Some Cephalics purge the brain, some 
 
 Before we treat of medicines appropriated I heat it, some cool it, some strengthen it; 
 to the brain, it is requisite that we describe j but how they perform this office peculiarly 
 what the nature and affection of the brain > to the brain, most physicians confess they 
 js. {could neither comprehend by reason, noi 
 
 The brain which is the seat of appre- j describe by precepts, only thus, they do it 
 nension, judgment, and memory, the origi- \ by an hidden quality, either by strengthen- 
 nal of sense and motion, is by nature tern- 1 ing the brain, thereby descending it from 
 perate, and if so, then you will grant me j diseases, or by a certain antipathy between 
 that it may easily be afflicted both by heat' them and the diseases incident to the brain, 
 und cold, and it is indeed more subject to j Lastly, For the use of Cephalics, ob- 
 affliction by either of them, than any other | serve, if the brain be much afflicted, you 
 part of the body, for if it be afflicted by j cannot well strengthen it before you have 
 heat, sense and reason, it is immoderately purged it, neither can you well purge the 
 moved, if by cold, they languish, and are; brain before you have cleansed the rest of 
 dulled, to pass by other symptoms which] the body, it is so subject to receive the 
 invade the head, if the brain be altered } vapours up to it; give cooling Cephalics 
 from its proper temper. j when the brain is too hot, and hot Cephalics 
 
 Also this is peculiar to the brain, that it j when it is too cold. 
 
 is' delighted or offended by smells, sights, j Beware of using cooling medicines to 
 and sounds, but I shall meddle no further the brain when the crisis of a disease is 
 with these here, because they are not medi- near : how that time may be known, I shall 
 cines. (God assisting me) instruct you hereafter, 
 
 Cephalical Medicines may be found out \ let it suffice now, that according as the dis- 
 from the affections of the brain itself. The lease afflicting your head is, so let your 
 brain is usually oppressed with moisture in ; remedy be. 
 
 such afflictions ; therefore give such medi- ; Of Medicines appropriated 1o the eyes. 
 cincs as very gently warm, cleanse, cut, and ? Take such medicines as are appropriated 
 dry: but witluvl, let them be such as are I to the eyes under the name of (Ocular 
 appropriated to the head, such as physi- | Medicines) I do it partly to avoid multipli- 
 cians say (by an hidden quality) strengthen j city of words, and partly to instruct my 
 the brain. I countrymen in the terms of art belonging 
 
 Again, if you consider the situation ofjto physic, (I would have called them 
 the brain, you shall find it placed in the | [Ophthalmics] had not the word been trou- 
 highest part of the body, therefore it is j blesome to the reading, much more to the 
 
 easily afflicted with hot vapours : this 
 punishes a man with watching and head- 
 ache, as the former did with sottishness and 
 sleepiness, in such cases use such Cephalecs 
 as gently cool the brain. 
 
 understanding of a countryman) as I even 
 now called such medicines [Cephalics'] as 
 were appropriated 10 the brain. 
 
 Ocular medicines are two-fold, viz. such 
 as are referred to the visive virtues, and such 
 
 _ i iii" v^ VSVSA v i 1 1 r i (ii 11. { MO W * w* v^v* w nivs v joi v v t i i i 1 1 \ , .T .*. 1 11 
 
 To make Cephalecs of Narcoticks, or [ as are referred to the eyes themselves, 
 stupifying medicines, is not my intent, forj Such as strengthen the visive virtue or 
 I am confident they are inimical both to 1 the optick nerves which convey it to the 
 brain and senses. Of these, and such j eyes (say Doctors) do it by an hidden 
 medicines as also purge the brain, I shall virtue, into the reason which no man can 
 speak by and by. To return I o my purpose. 'dive, unless they should fetch it from the - 
 
332 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 similitude of the substance : And yet they j they are of themselves very dry, therefore 
 
 say a Goat's liver conduces much to make j they require medicines which dry much. 
 
 one see in the night, and they give this j Medicines appropriated to the teeth. 
 
 reason, because Goats see as well in thej Vehement heat, and vehement cold, are 
 
 inimical to the teeth, but they are most of 
 all offended by sharp and sour things, and 
 the reason is, because they have neither 
 
 night as in the day. Yet is there no affi- 
 nity in temperature nor substance between 
 the liver and the eyes : However Astro- 
 
 logers know well enough that all herbs, i skin nor flesh to cover them, they delight in 
 plants, &c. that are under the dominion of j such medicines as are cleansing and "bind- 
 either sun or moon, and appropriated to j ing, because they are troubled with de- 
 the head, be they hot or cold they strengthen; fluxions and rheums upon every light oc- 
 the visive virtue, as Eyebright, which is hot t casion ; and that's the reason the common 
 Lunaria, or Moonwort which is cold. J use of fat and sweet things, soon rots 'the 
 
 As for what appertains to the constitu- j teeth, 
 lion of the eyes themselves, seeing they are | 
 exact in sense, they will not endure the 
 least inconvenience, therefore such medi- 
 
 cines as are outwardly applied to them : 
 (for such medicines as strengthen the visive \ 
 virtues are always given inwardly) let them 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Of Medicines appropriated to the breast 
 and lungs. 
 
 neither hurt by their hardness nor gnawing; The medicines appropriated to the breast 
 
 quality, nor be so tough that they should 
 slick to them. Therefore let ocular medi- 
 cines be neither in powders nor ointments, 
 because oil itself is offensive to the eyes, 
 and how pleasing powders are to them, 
 you may perceive yourself by just going 
 into the dust. 
 
 Medicines appropriated ts the mouth and nose. 
 Apply no stinking medicine to a disease: 
 
 and lungs, you shall find called all aloiu 
 by the name of [pectorals'] that's the tetiii 
 Physicians give them, when you heat them 
 talk of pectoral Syrups, pectoral lows, or 
 pectoral Ointments. 
 
 They are divers, some of which regard 
 the part afflicted, others the matter afflict- 
 ing. 
 
 But although sometimes in ulcers of the 
 
 1 1 * O \ O 
 
 in the nose, for such offend not only the ; lungs, we are forced to use binding medi- 
 nose, but also the brain ; neither administer icines, to join the ulcer, yet are not these 
 medicines of any ill taste to a disease in the \ called pectorals, because binding medicines 
 mouth, for that subverts the stomach, be- N are extreme hurtful to the breast wnd lungs, 
 *u~ *..:! c ,i ~~.,*i 1 r *u,,j i iO th because they hinder one's fetching his 
 
 breath, and also because they hinder the 
 avoiding that rlegm by which the breast is 
 
 cause the tunicle of the mouth and of the 
 stomach is the same : and because both 
 
 mouth and nostrils are ways by which the 
 brain is cleansed, therefore are they in- oppressed, 
 fected with such vices as need almost con- J Such medicines are called pectorals, 
 tinual cleansing, and let the medicines you; which are of a lenifying nature, 
 apply to them be either pleasant, or at| Besides, Those which make thin matter 
 least, nr>t ingrateful. { thicker are of two sorts, viz. Some are mild 
 
 Medicines appropriated to the ears. land gentle, which may safely beadministed, 
 
 The cars are easily afflicted by cold,! be the matter hot or cold which offendeth ; 
 because they are always open, therefore | others are very cold, which are used oi> v 
 t' ey require hot medicines. And because 5 when the matter offending is sharp. 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 383 
 
 But because such medicines as conduce j will easily grant me, that it is the property 
 to the cure of the phthisics (which is an! of cordials to administer to the heart in these 
 ulceration of the lungs, and the disease \ particulars. 
 
 usually called, the consumption of the | Of Cordials, some cheer the mind, some 
 lungs,) are also reckoned in amongst pec- j strengthen the heart, and refresh the spirits 
 toral,s it is not amiss to speak a word or { thereof, being decayed, 
 two of them. Those which cheer the mind, are not one 
 
 In the cure of this disease are three | and the same ; for as the heart is variously 
 
 things to be regarded. 
 
 1. To cut and bring away the concreted 
 blood. 
 
 2. To cherish and strengthen the lungs. 
 
 disturbed, either by anger, love, fear, hatred, 
 sadness, &c. So such things as flatter 
 lovers or appease the angry, or comfort the 
 fearful, or please the hateful, may well be 
 
 3. To conglutmate the ulcer. { called cordials ; for the heart, seeing it is 
 
 And indeed some particular simples will } placed in the middle between the brain 
 perform all these, and physicians confess I and the liver, is wrought upon by reason, as 
 it ; which shews the wonderful mystery the 5 well as by digestion, yet these, because 
 all-wise God hath made in the creation, 5 they are not medicines, are beside my pre- 
 that one and the same simple should per- $ sent scope. 
 
 form two contrary operations on the same | And although it is true, that mirth, love, 
 part of the body ; for the more a medicine j &c. are actions, or motions of the mind, 
 cleanses, the more it conglutinates. i not of the body ; yet many have been 
 
 To conclude then, Pectoral Medicines j induced to think such affections may be 
 
 are such as either cut and cleanse out the i 
 compacted humours from the arteries of the i 
 
 wrought in the body by medicines. 
 
 The heart is chiefly afflicted by too much 
 
 lungs, or make thin defluxions thick, or i heat, by poison, and by stinking vapours, 
 temper those that are sharp, help the rough- j and these are remedied by the second sort 
 ness of the wind-pipe, or are generally j of cordials, and indeed chiefly belong to 
 lenitive and softening, being outwardly ap-our present scope, 
 plied to the breast. According to these three afflictions, inz, 
 
 1. Excessive heat. 
 
 2. Poison. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 3. Melancholy vapours 
 
 Are three kinds of remedies which sue . 
 
 cour the afflicted heart. 
 Such as 
 
 Of Medicines appropriated to the heart. 
 
 These are they which are generally given 
 under the notion of Cordials ; take them \ I. By their cooling nature mitigate the heat 
 under that name here. \ of fevers. 
 
 The heart is the seal of the vital spirit, the j 2. Resist poison. 
 
 fountain of life, the original of infused heat, j 3. Cherish the vital spirits when they Ian 
 and of the natural affections of man. \ guish. 
 
 So then these two things are proper to the \ All these are called Cordials, 
 heart. 1. Such as cool the heart in fevers, \e 
 
 1. By its heat to cherish life throughout j i? not every thing that cooleth cordial, foi 
 the body. : lead is colder than gold, yet is not lead 
 
 2. To add vigour to the affections. j cordial as gold is, some hold it cordial by 
 And if these be proper to the heart, you a hidden quality, others by reason. 
 
 & t 
 
384 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 2. Such as resist poison; there is a two- j 1. Appetite lost, 
 fold resisting of poison. 2. Digestion weakened. 
 
 1. By an antipathy between the medicine \ 3. The retentive faculty corrupted. 
 and poison. When the appetite is lost, the man feels 
 
 2. By a sympathy between the medicine and I no hunger when his body needs nourish- 
 the heart. \ ment. 
 
 Of the first we shall speak anon, in aj When digestion is weakened it is not 
 chapter by itself. The latter belongs to | able to concoct the meat received into the 
 this chapter, and they are such medicines, | stomach, but it putrifies there, 
 whose nature is to strengthen the heart, and | When the retentive faculty is spoiled the 
 fortify it against the poison, as Rue, Ange- stomach is not able to retain the food till it 
 lica, &c. l^or as the operation of the for- be digested, but either vomits it up again, 
 mer is upon the poison, which afflicteth the or causes tiuxes. 
 
 heart, so the operation of the latter is upon : Such medicines then as remedy all these, 
 the heart afflicted by the poison. I are called stomachicals. And of them in 
 
 To this class may be referred all such | order. 
 
 medicines as strengthen the heart either by | 1. Such as provoke appetite are usually 
 a&tral influence, or by likeness of substance, j of a sharp or sourish taste, and yet withal 
 if there be such a likeness in medicines, | of a grateful taste to the palate, for although 
 for a Bullock's heart is of like substance Hoss of appetite may proceed from divers 
 to man's, yet I question whether it be cor- 5 causes, as from choler in the stomach, or 
 dial or not. 5 putrefied humours or the like, yet such 
 
 3. And lastly, Such as refresh the spirits, j things as purge this choler or humours, are 
 and make them lively and active, both I properly called Orecticks, not stomachicals ; 
 because they are appropriated to the office, j the former strengthen appetite after these 
 and also because they drive stinking and S are expelled. 
 
 melancholy vapours from the heart, for as j 2. Such medicines help digestion as 
 the animal spirit be refreshed by fragrant j strengthen the stomach, either by conve- 
 smells, and the natural spirits by spices, I nient heat, or aromatic (viz. spicy) faculty, 
 so are the vital spirits refreshed by all such ! by hidden property, or congruity of nature, 
 medicines as keep back melancholy vapours j 3. The retentive faculty of the stomach 
 
 from the heart, as Borrage, Bugloss, Rose- 
 mary, Citron Pills, the compositions of them, 
 
 is corrected by binding medicines, yet not 
 by all binding medicines neither, for some 
 
 and many others, which this treatise will of them are adverse to the stomach, but 
 
 arnpl^furnish you with. 1 by such binding medicines as are appro- 
 
 .__ __. | priated to the stomach. 
 
 TZTT For the use of these. 
 
 rlAP I\ . fj se i u se no t sucn medicines as pro- 
 
 Of Medicines appropriated to the stomach, j voke appetite before you have cleansed the 
 
 By stomach, I mean that ventricle which j stomach of what hinders it. 
 contains the food till it be concocted intoj Use 2. Such medicines as help digestion, 
 chyle. . \ give them a good time before meat that so 
 
 Medicines appropriated to the stomach 
 are usually called stomachicals. 
 
 The infirmities usually incident to the 
 stomach are three. 
 
 they may pass to the bottom of the stomach, 
 (for the digestive faculty lies there,) befort 
 the food come into it. 
 
 Use 3. Such as strengthen the retentive 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 885 
 
 faculty, give them a little before meat, if j And thus much for the liver, the office of 
 i:^i_ _A. . :r *~ *.. W j 1 j c j 1 j s to concoct chyle, (which is a white 
 
 substance the stomach digests the food into) 
 into blood, and distributes it, by the veins, 
 to every part of the body, whereby the 
 body is nourished, and decaying flesh re- 
 stored. 
 
 to stay fluxes, a little after meat, if to stay 
 vomiting. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Of Medicines appropriated to the liver. 
 
 Be pleased to take these under the name j 
 
 of Hepatics, for that is the usual name THAPTFT? VT 
 
 physicians give them, and these also are of | 
 three sorts. j Of Medicines appropriated to the spleen. 
 
 1. Some the liver is delighted in. In the breeding of blood, are three ex- 
 
 2. Others strengthen it. j crements most conspicuous, viz. urine, 
 
 3. Others help its vices. ; choler, and melancholy. 
 
 The palate is the seat of taste, and its I The proper seat of choler is in the gall, 
 office is to judge what food is agreeable to | The urine passeth down to the reins or 
 ihe stomach, and what not, by that is both j kidneys, which is all one. 
 the quality and quantity of food for the- The spleen takes the thickest or melan- 
 stomach discerned : the very same office j choly blood to itself, 
 the meseraik veins perform to the liver. i This excrement of blood is twofold : for 
 
 Sometimes such food pleases the palate i either by excessive heat, it is addust, and 
 which the liver likes not (but not often) \ this is that the Latins call Atra Bills: or 
 and therefore the meseraik veins refuse it, i else it is thick and earthly of itself, and this 
 and that is the reason some few men fancy i properly is called melancholy humour. 
 e>uch food as makes them sick after the; Hence then is the nature of splenical 
 eating thereof. medicines to be found out, and by these 
 
 1. The liver is delighted exceedingly with \ two is the spleen usually afflicted for Atra 
 sweet things, draws them greedily, a.nd\bilis, (I know not what distinct English 
 digests them as swiftly, and that is the reason) name to give it) many times causes mad- 
 honey is so soon turned into choler. ! ness, and pure melancholy causeth obstruc- 
 
 2. Such medicines strengthen the liver, i tions of the bowels, and tumours, whereby 
 as (being appropriated to it) very gently > the concoction of the blood is vitiated, 
 bind, for seeing the office of the liver is to? and dropsies many times follow, 
 concoct, it needs some adstriction, that so*' Medicines then peculiar to thAspleen 
 both the heat and the humour to be con- > must needs be twofold also, somefeppro- 
 cocted may be stayed, that so the one slip priated to Atra bills, others to pure melan- 
 not away, nor the other be scattered. ! choly; but of purging either of them, I 
 
 Yet do not hepatical medicines require j shall omit till I come to treat of purging in 
 so great a binding faculty as stomachicals do, 1 a chapter by itself. 
 
 because the passages of the stomach arej 1. Such medicines are splenical, which 
 more open than those of the liver by which* by cooling and moistening temper Atra 
 it either takes in chyle, or sends out blood \bllls: let not these medicines be too cold 
 to the rest of the body, therefore medicines j neither, for there is no such heat in Atra 
 that are very binding are hurtful to the\bilis as there is in choler, and therefore it 
 liver, and cither cause obstructions, or hin-i needs no such excessive cooling : amongst 
 dcr the distribution of the blood, or both, i the number of these are such as we men- 
 
886 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 tioned amongst the cordials to repel melan- 1 such, that they abhor all binding medicines 
 choly vapours from the heart, such temper | because they cause stoppage of urine, 
 and assuage the malice of Atra bilis. Take notice, that the reins and bladder 
 
 2. Those medicines are also splenical, | being subject to inflammations endure not 
 by which melancholy humours are cor- \ very hot medicines. 
 
 reeled and so prepared, that they may the | Because the bladder is further remote 
 more easily be evacuated : such medicines j from the centre of the body than the kidnies 
 are cutting and opening, and they differ 5 are, therefore it requires stronger medicines 
 from hepaticals in this that they are no | than the kidnies do, left the strength 01 
 ways binding; for the spleen being no ways] the medicine be spent before it be come to 
 
 addicted to concoction, binding medicines i the part afflicted. 
 
 do it harm, and not good. 
 
 3. Sometimes the spleen is not only ob- 1 
 structed, but also hardened by melancholy j 
 
 humours, and in such cases emolient medi- j Of Medicines appropriated to the womb, 
 cines may be well called splenicals, notj These, physicians call Hystericals, and to 
 such as are taken inwardly, for they operate j avoid multiplicity of words, take them in 
 upon the stomach and bowels, but such as j this discourse under that notion, 
 are outwardly applied to the region of the; Take notice that such medicines as pro- 
 
 spleen. 
 
 And although sometimes medicines, are 
 outwardly applied to hardness of the liver, 
 yet they differ from splenicals, because they 
 are binding, so are not splenicals. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 voke the menses, or stop them when they 
 flow immoderately, are properly hystericals, 
 but shall be spoken to by and by in a chap- 
 ter by themselves. 
 
 As for the nature of the womb, it seem 
 to be much like the nature of the brain and 
 stomach, for experience teacheth that it is 
 
 ; delighted with sweet and aromatical medi- 
 Of Medicines appropriated to the reins and \ cines, and flies from their contraries. 
 
 bladder. For example : a woman being troubled 
 
 The office of the reins is, to make a 
 separation between the blood and the urine ; 
 to receive this urine thus separated from 
 
 with the fits of the mother, which is draw 
 ing of the womb upward, apply sweet things, 
 as Civet, or the like, to the place of concep- 
 
 I s -^ __ 7 ^___ 7 _ JT 
 
 the blood, is the bladder ordained, which Ition, it draws it down again; but apply 
 is of a sufficient bigness to contain it. j stinking things to the nose, as Assafoetida, or 
 
 Both these parts of the body officiating; the like, it expels it from it, and sends it 
 about the urine, they are both usually af-jdown toils proper place, 
 flicted by the vices of the urine. =^= 
 
 1. By stones. PRAPTFK TV 
 
 2. By inflammation. ChLAl Jill 1A. 
 
 3. By thick humours. Of Medicines appropriated to the joints. 
 Medicines appropriated to the reins and 5 The joints are usually troubled with 
 
 bladder are usually called Nephriticals, and ; cephalic diseases, and then are to be cured 
 
 are threefold; some cool, others cut gross j by cephalic medicines. 
 
 humours, and a third sort breaks the stone, j Medicines appropriated to the joints, are 
 
 In the use of all these, take notice, that \ called by the name Arthritical medicines, 
 the constitution of the reins and bladder is * The joints, seeing they are very nervous, 
 
AJND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 3R7 
 
 require medicines which are of a heating I 1. A distcnticn or stretching of a part by 
 
 and drying nature, with a gentle binding, i too much fulness. 
 
 and withal, such as by peculiar virtue are* 2. Thick humours which are destitute of 
 
 appropriated to them, and add strength to j heat, growing hard in that part of the body 
 
 them. It is true, most cephalics do so, yet \ into which they flow. 
 
 because the joints are more remote from the! So many properties then ought emolient 
 
 centre, they require stronger medicines. j medicines to have, viz. To moisten what is 
 
 For removing pains in the joints this is { dry, to discuss what is stretched, to Avarm 
 the method of proceeding. J what is congealed by cold ; yet properly, 
 
 Pains is either taken away or eased, for; that only is said to mollify which reduceth 
 the true cure is to take away the cause of ja hard substance to its proper temperature, 
 the pain, sometimes the veherneocy of the; Dryness and thickness of humours being 
 pain is so great that you must be forced to j the cause of hardness, emolient medicines 
 use ^/iodines (for so physicians call such j must of necessity be hot and moist; and 
 medicines as ease pain) before you can; although you may peradventure find some 
 meddle with the cause, and this is usually |of them dry in the second or third degrees, 
 when the part pained is inflamed, for those j yet must this dryness be tempered and 
 medicines which take away the cause of : qualified with heat and moisture, for reason 
 pain being very hot, if there be any in- ! will tell you that dry medicines make hard 
 flammation in the part pained, you must j parts harder. 
 
 abstain from them till the inflammation be 5 Mollifying medicines are know, 1. by 
 taken away. \ their taste, 2. by their feeling. 
 
 ^____ 1. In taste, they are near unto sweat, but 
 
 1 fat and oily ; they are neither sharp, nor 
 SECTION II I. j austere, nor sour, nor salt, neither do they 
 
 Of the propriety or operation of Medicines. mani fe st e j ther Coding, or vehement heat, 
 
 5 or cold to be in them. 
 
 2. In feeling you can perceive no rough- 
 
 T jness, neither do they stick to your fingers 
 
 1. ' T3 . ,,. c .r i . r 
 
 { like Birdlime, tor they ought to penetrate 
 
 Of Emolient Medicines. j t h e parts to be mollified, and therefore many 
 
 The various mixtures of heat, cold, dry- 1 times if occasion be, are cutting mediants 
 
 ness, and moisture in simples, must of} mixed with them. 
 
 necessity produce variety of faculties, and j 
 
 operations in them, which now we come to \ 
 
 treat of, beginning first at emolients. nu A TJTPTJ n 
 
 What is hard, and what is soft, most men j 
 
 know, but few are able to express. Phy- ' Of hardening Medicine*. 
 
 losophers define that to be hard which j Galen in Lib. 5. de Simple, Med. Facult. 
 
 yields not to touching, and soft to be the j Cap. 10. determines hardening medicines to 
 
 contrary. An emolient, or softening medi- j be cold and moist, and he brings some argu- 
 
 cine is one which reduceth a hard substance j ments to prove it, against which other phy- 
 
 10 its proper temperature. J sicians contest. 
 
 But to leave phylosophy, and keep to j I shall not here stand to quote the clis- 
 
 physic : physicians describe hardness to be ! pute, only take notice, that if softening 
 
 two-fold. i medicines be hot and moist (as we shewed 
 
 5o 
 
388 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 even now) then hardening medicines must ! being useful, that it is obnoxious to the 
 
 needs be cold and dry, because they are j body of man. I pass it without more 
 
 ontrary to them. ^ words. I suppose when Galen wrote of 
 
 The universal course of nature will prove j hardening medicines, he intended such as 
 it, for dryness and moisture are passive? make thick, and therefore amongst them he 
 qualities, neither can extremeties consist in j reckons up Fleawort, Purslain, House leek, 
 moisture as you may know, if you do but} and the like, which assuage the heat of the 
 consider that dryness is not attributed to 'humours in swellings, and stops subtil and 
 the air, nor water, but to the fire, and earth. \ sharp defluxions upon the lungs; but of 
 
 2. The thing to be congealed must needs 'these more anon, 
 be moist, therefore the medicine congealing j 
 must of necessity be dry, for if cold be j 
 
 joined with dryness, it contracts the pores, j CHAPTER III 
 
 that so the humours cannot be scattered. 
 
 Yet you must observe a difference be-; Of Loosening Medicines. 
 
 tween medicines drying, making thick, ! By loosening here, I do not mean purg- 
 hardening, and congealing, of which clif- j ing, nor that which is opposite to astrin- 
 ferences, a few words will not do amiss. (gency; but that which is opposite to 
 
 1. Such medicines are said to dry, which i stretching : I knew not suddenly what fitter 
 draw out, or drink up the moisture, as a! English name to give it, than loosening or 
 spunge drinks up water. j laxati jn, which latter is scarce English. 
 
 2. Such medicines are said to make thick, j The members are distended or stretched 
 as do not consume the moisture, but add j divers ways, and ought to be loosened by as 
 dryness to it, as you make syrups into \ many, for they are stretched sometimes by 
 a thick electuary by adding powders to! dryness, sometimes by cold, sometimes by 
 them. i repletion or fullness, sometimes by swell- 
 
 3. Such as congeal, neither draw out the ings, and sometimes by some of these joined 
 moisture, nor make it thick by adding dry- j together. I avoid terms of art as much as 
 ness to it, but contract it by vehement cold,! I can, because it would profit my country 
 as water is frozen into ice. ! but little, to give them the rules of physic 
 
 4. Hardness differs from all these, for the 
 parts of the body swell, and are filled with 
 tiegmatic humours, or melancholy blood, 
 
 in such English as they understand not. 
 
 I confess the opinion of ancient physi- 
 cians hath been various about these loosen- 
 
 which at last grows hard. ing medicines. Galen's opinion was, that 
 
 That you may clearly understand this, '.they might be refer red either to moistening,br 
 observe but these two things. j heating, or mollifying, or evacuating medi- 
 
 1. What it is which worketh. Seines, and therefore ought not to be referred 
 
 2. What it worketh upon. | to a chapter by themselves. 
 
 That which worketh is outwardly cold. > It is likely they may, and so may all other 
 That which is wrought upon, is a certain j medicines be referred to heat, or coldness, 
 thickness and dryness, of humours, for if- or dryness, or moisture: but we speak not 
 the humour were fluid as water is, it might j here of the particular properties of medi- 
 properly be said to he congealed by cold, :cines, but of their joined properties, as they 
 but not so properly hardened. Thus you ; heat and moisten. 
 
 see cold and dryness to be the cause of{ Others, they question how they :an be dis- 
 bardening. This hardening being so far from j tinguishcd from such as mollify, seeing such 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 389 
 
 1 as are loosening, and such as are emolient.* Their use is various, viz. 
 
 are both of them hot and moist. , Use 1. That the bowels may be disbur- 
 
 To that, thus : stretching and loosening j dened of corrupt humours, 
 are ascribed to the moveable parts of the j 2. Outwardly used, by them the offend- 
 body, as to the muscles and their tendons, | ing humour ([ should have said the peccant 
 to the ligaments and Membrance ; but soft- 1 humour, had 1 written only to scholars,) h 
 ness and hardness to such parts of the body j called from the internal parts of the body 
 as may be felt with the hand : I shall make i to the superfices. 
 
 clear by a similitude, Wax is softened, being ; 3. By them the crisis of a disease is much 
 hard, but Fiddle-strings are loosened being ; s helped forward. 
 
 stretched. And if you say that the dif- j 4. Theyareexceedingly profitabletodraw 
 ference lying only in the parts of the body \ forth poison out of the body, 
 is no true difference, then take notice, that ! 5. Parts of the body over cooled are 
 such medicines which loosen, are less hot, j cured by these medicines, viz. by applying 
 and more moistening, than such as soften, j them outwardly to the place, not only be- 
 for they operate most by heat, these by j cause they heat, but also because they draw 
 moisture. Uhe spirits by which life and heat are 
 
 The truth is, I am of opinion the dif- 1 cherished, to the part of the body which is 
 ference is not much, nay, scarce sensible, ; destitute of them : you cannot but know- 
 between emolient and loosening medicines ; ' that many times parts of the body fall away 
 only I quoted this in a chapter by itself, | in rlesh, and their strength decays, as in 
 not so much because some authors do, as! some persons arms or legs, or the like, the 
 because it conduceth to the increase of J usual reason is, because the vital spirit 
 knowledge in physic, for want of which, this * decays in those parts, to which use such 
 poor nation is almost spoiled. 5 plaislers or ointments as are attractive (which 
 
 The chief use of loosening medicines isiis the physical term for drawing medicines) 
 in convulsions and cramps, and such like j for they do not only cherish the parts by 
 infirmities which cause distention or stretch- ; their own proper heat, but draw the vital 
 ing. ; and natural spirits thither, whereby they 
 
 They .are known by the very same marks i are both quickened and nourished, 
 and tokens -that emolient medicines are. They are known almost by the same 
 
 - - | tokens that attenuating medicines are, sce- 
 
 _ v |ing heat; and thinness of parts is in them 
 
 11 AJ IV. 5 koth, they differ only in respect of quantity, 
 
 Of drawing Medicines. \ thinness of parts being most proper to at- 
 
 The opinion of physicians is, concerning ! ten ua ting medicines, but attractive medi- 
 these, as it is concerning other medicines, ! cines are hotter, 
 viz. Sonic draw by a manifest quality, some! s=- 
 
 by a hidden, and so (quoth they) they draw j 
 
 to themselves both humours and thorns, or j [IAPTLR V. 
 
 splinters that are gotten into the flesh ; how- j Of disciis.sire Medicines. 
 
 ever this is certain, they are all of them hot, j The nature of discussing (or sweating) 
 and of thin parts; hot because the nature; medicines is almost the same with attractive, 
 of heat is to draw off thin parts that so they ; for there are no discussive medicines but 
 may penetrate lo the humours that are to i are attractive, nor scarce any attractive 
 
 M_ 1 
 
 to be drawn out. : medicine but is in some measure or other 
 
390 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 discussing. The difference then is only | 
 this; that discussive medicines are hotter 
 than attractive, and therefore nothing else! 
 need be written of their nature. 
 
 Use. Their use may be known even from j 
 their very name ; for diseases that come by j 
 repletion or fulness, are cured by evacution ; 
 or emptying ; yet neither blood nor gross \ 
 humours are to be expelled by sweating, or) 
 insensible transpiration (as they call it) [ 
 but the one requires blood-letting, the other 
 purgation, but scrosus or thin humours and 
 filthy vapours, and such like superfluities, 
 are to be expelled by sweat, and be wary 
 in this too, for many of them work violently, 
 and violent medicines are not rashly to be 
 given. 
 
 Caution 2. Besides,swellingsaresometimes 
 made so hard by sweating medicines, that 
 afterwards they can never be cured ; for 
 what is thin being by such medicines taken 
 away, nothing but what is perfectly hard 
 remains : If you fear such a thing, mix 
 emolients with them. 
 
 Cant. 3. Again, sometimes by using dis- 
 cussives, the humours offending (which 
 physicians usually call the peccant humours) 
 is driven to some more noble part of the 
 body, or else it draws more than it dis- 
 cussseth ; in such cases, concoct and at- 
 tenuate the matter offending before you go 
 about to discuss it. 
 
 From hence may easily be gathered at 
 what time of the disease discussive medi- 
 cines are to be used, viz. about the declin- ' 
 ing of the disease, although in diseases 
 arising from heat of b.ood, we sometimes 
 use them in the encrcase and slate of them. 
 
 They are known by the same marks and i 
 tokens attenuating medicines are, viz. by 1 
 their burning and biting quality, they being i 
 very hot, and of thin parts, void of any 1 
 biting quality, therefore they contract not | 
 the tongue in tasting of them. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Of repelling Medicines. 
 
 Repelling medicines are of contrary 
 operation to these three last mentioned, viz 
 attenuating, drawing, and discussive medi- 
 cines: It is true, there is but little difference 
 between these three, some hold none at all ; 
 and if you will be so nice, you may oppose 
 them thus. And so medicines making 
 thick, correspond to attenuating medicines, 
 or such as make thin, repelling medicines 
 are opposed to such as draw, and such as 
 retain the humours and make them tough, 
 are opposite to such as discuss, some hold 
 this niceness needless. 
 
 2. The sentence of authors about repul- 
 sive medicines is various. 
 
 For seeing an influxion may be caused 
 many ways, a repulsive hath got as many 
 definitions. 
 
 For such things as cool, bind, stop, and 
 make thick, stay influxions, and therefore 
 repulsives are by authors opposed, not only 
 to attractives, but also to attenuating, and 
 discussing medicines. 
 
 But properly such things are called re- 
 pulsives, which do not only slay influxions, 
 (for so do such medicines which stop and 
 make thick) but such as drive the humours 
 flowing to, or inherit in the place, to some 
 other place. 
 
 The truth is, binding is inherent to repul- 
 sives, so is not coldness nor making thick : 
 Yet such as are binding, cold and thin in 
 operation, are most effectual. 
 
 Your taste will find repulsives to be, tart, 
 or sharp, or austere, with a certain binding 
 which contracts the tongue. 
 
 Use 1. Their use is manifold, as in hot 
 tumours, head-aches, or the like. 
 
 Use 2. By these in fevers are the vapours 
 driven from the head, Vinegar of Roses i* 
 notable. 
 
 Time of giving. They are most romino- 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. S91 
 
 dious in the beginning and encrease of a { Besides, of cleansing medicines, some are 
 disease, for then influxions most prevail. $ of a gentler nature, some are more vehement 
 But seeing that in the cure of tumours : These are not known one and the same 
 there are two scopes, 1. That that which i way ; for some are sweet, some salt, and 
 flows to it may be repelled. 2. That that i some bitter. 
 
 which is already in it may be discussed ; ! The use of cleansing is external, as the 
 repulsives are most commodiously used in ? use of purges are internal. 
 
 They are used to cleanse the sanies and 
 other filth of ulcers, yea, and to consume 
 
 the beginning, discussives in the latter end. 
 In the middle you may mix them, with 
 
 this proviso, that repulsives exceed in the and eat away the flesh itself, as burnt Alum, 
 beginning, discussives .in the latter end. i precipitate, &c. 
 
 Caution 1. If the matter offending be of 5 When these must be used, not only the 
 a venomous quality, either abstain from re- j effects of the ulcers, but also the tempera- 
 pulsives altogether, or use purging first, lest ture of the body will tell you. 
 the matter fly to the bowels and prove dan- j For if you see either a disease of fulness, 
 gerous, especially if the bowels be weak. \ which our physicians call [Plethora] or cor- 
 
 2. Also forbear repulsives, if the pain be j rupted humours which they call [Cacochymal 
 great. j you must empty the body of these, viz. 
 
 3. Lastly, Have a care lest by repulsives j fulness by bleeding, and corrupt humours, 
 you contract the pores so much, that the or evil slate of the body, by purging before 
 matter cannot be removed by discussives. * you use cleansing medicines to the ulcer, 
 
 'else your cure will never proceed prosper- 
 
 CHAPTER VII. S uslj ' 
 
 Of chansing Medicines. 
 
 Cleansing medicines can neither be defined | CHArl-Lit VIII. 
 
 by heat, nor coldness, because some of both | Of Emplasters. 
 
 sorts cleanse. By Emplasters, here, I do mean things 
 
 A cleansing medicine, then, is of a ter- ; glutinalive, and they are quite contrary to 
 rene quality, which takes away the filth j things cleansing. 
 \vith it, and carries it out. They are of a far more glutinous and 
 
 Definition.'] Here, to avoid confusion, a j tenacious substance. 
 
 difference must be made between washing ; They differ from things stopping because 
 and cleansing. ! they do not stop the pores so much, as stick 
 
 .A thing which washeth, carries away by I to them like Birdlime. 
 
 fluxion, as a man washeth the dirt off from a j They have a certain glutinous heat, tern- 
 thing. ! pcred both with coldness and moisture. 
 
 A cleansing medicine by a certain rough- j From these plasters take their names, 
 ness or nitrous quality, carries away the i Their taste is either none at all, or not 
 compacted filth with it. j discernable whether hot or cold, but fat, 
 
 This also is the difference between cleans- j insipid, or without taste, or sweet, and vis- 
 ing and discussing medicines, the one makes \ cous in feeling. 
 
 thick humours thin, and so scatters them,! Their use is to stop flowing of blood, and 
 but a cleansing medicine takes the most : other fluxes, to cause suppuration, to con- 
 tenacious humour along with it, without jtinue the heat, that so tumours may be- 
 any alteration. * ripened. 
 
392 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 Also they are mixed with other medi- taste, for many things grateful to the taste 
 cines, that they may the better be brought | provokes vomiting, therefore why may not 
 into the form of an emplaster, and may j the contrary be? 
 
 stick the better to the members. The most frequent use of suppuration is, 
 
 === ^ = ; to ripen Phlegmorue, a general term physi- 
 
 PH \PTT7R TY jcians give to all swellings proceeding of 
 
 | blood, because nature is very apt to help 
 Of suppunng Medicines. | such cures, and physic is an art to help, 
 
 These have a great affinity with emolients, j not to hinder nature. 
 
 like to them in temperature, only emolients > The time of use is usually in the height 
 are somewhat hotter. ? of the disease, when the flux is stayed, as 
 
 Yet is there a difference as apparent as! also to ripen matter that it may be the 
 the sun when he is upon the meridian, and j easier purged away, 
 the use is manifest. For, = ^^ =5 
 
 Emolients are to make hard things soft, j 
 but what suppures, rather makes a genera- : 
 tion than an alteration of the humour. Of Medicines provoking urine. 
 
 Natural heat is the efficient cause of The causes by which urine is suppressed 
 suppuration, neither can it be done by any 
 external means. 
 
 Therefore such things are said to suppure, 
 which by a gentle heat cherish the inbred 
 heat of rna-n. 
 
 are many. 
 
 1. By too much drying, or sweating, it 
 may be consumed. 
 
 2. By heat or inflammation of the reins, 
 or passages whereby it passes from tlx 
 
 This is clone by such medicines which j reins, it may be stopped by compression, 
 are not only temperate in heat, but also by ; Urine is the thinnest part of blood, sepa- 
 a gentle viscosity, fill up or stop the pores, i rated from the thickest part in the reins, 
 that so the heat of the part affected be not* If then the blood be more thick and vis- 
 scattered. ; cous than ordinary, it cannot easily be sepa- 
 
 For although such things as bind hinder J rated without cutting and cleansing medi- 
 the dissipation of the spirits, and internal \ cines. 
 
 heat, yet they retain not the moisture as j This is for certain, that blood can neithei 
 suppunng medicines properly and especially j be separated nor distributed without heat, 
 do. Yet amongst diureticks are some cold 
 
 The heat then of suppuring medicines is [things, as the four greater cold seeds, Win* 
 like the internal heat of our bodies. i ter-cherries, and the like. 
 
 As things then very hot, are ingrateful j Although this seem a wonder, yet it 
 
 either by biting, as Pepper, or bitterness : 
 
 For reason will tell a man, that such things 
 hinder rather than help the work of nature 
 
 be, and doth stand with truth. 
 
 in suppuring medicines, no biting, no bind- i ; For cool diureticks, though they further 
 ing, no nitrous quality is perceived by the : not the separation of the blood one jot, 
 taste, (I shall give you better satisfaction j: yet they cleanse and purge the passages of 
 both in this and others, by and by.) ' the urine. 
 
 Diureticks then are of two sorts : 
 
 1. Such as conduce to the separation oi 
 
 in maturation. 5 the blood. 
 
 Yet it follows not from hence, that all 1 2. Such as open the urinal passages, 
 suppuring medicines are grateful to the The former are biting (and are known bjr 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 393 
 
 their taste) very hot ana culling, whence 
 they penetrate to the reins, and cut the 
 gross humours there. 
 
 Bitter things, although they be very hot, 
 and cut gross humours, yet are they of a 
 more dry and terrene substance than is 
 convenient to provoke urine. 
 
 Hence then vve may safely gather, that 
 bitter things are not so moist nor penetrat- 
 ing, as such as bite like Pepper. 
 
 Let them not then exceed the first degree 
 unless the ulcer be very moist. 
 
 Their difference are various, according 
 to the part wounded, which ought to be 
 restored with the same flesh. 
 
 The softer then, and tenderer the place 
 is, the gentler let the medicines be. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Of Medicines breeding flesh. 
 
 There are many things diligently to be 
 obsei ml in the cures of wounds and ulcers, 
 which incur and hinder that the cure cannot 
 be speedily done, nor the separated parts 
 reduced to their natural state. 
 
 Viz. Fluxes of blood, inflammation, 
 hardness, pain, and other things besides our 
 present scope. 
 
 Our present scope is, to shew how the 
 cavity of ulcers may be filled with flesh. 
 
 Such medicines are called Sarcolicks. 
 
 This, though it be the work of nature, j 
 yet it is helped forward with medicines,! 
 that the blood may be prepared, that it may \ 
 the easier be turned into flesh. 
 
 These are not medicines which breed 
 good blood, nor which correct the intem- 
 perature of the place afflicted, but which 
 defend the blood and the ulcer itself from 
 corruption in breeding flesh. 
 For nature in breeding flesh produced) 
 two sorts of excrements, viz. scrosus 
 humours, and purulent dross. 
 
 Those medicines then which cleanse and 
 consume, these by drying are said to breed 
 flesh, because by their helps nature per- 
 forms that office. 
 
 Also take notice that these medicines are i 
 not so drying that they should consume the: 
 blood also as well as the sanies, nor so cleans- 
 ing that they should consume the flesh with I 
 the dross. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Of glutinative Medicines. 
 
 That is the true cure of an ulcer which 
 joins the mouth of it together. 
 
 That is a glutinative medicine, which 
 couples together by drying and binding, 
 the sides of an ulcer before brought together. 
 
 These require a greater drying faculty 
 than the former, not only to consume what 
 flows out, but what remains liquid in the 
 flesh, for liquid flesh is more subject to flow 
 abroad than stick to together. 
 
 The time of using them, any body may 
 know without teaching, viz. when the ulcer 
 is cleansed and filled with flesh, and such 
 symptoms as hinder are taken away. 
 
 For many times ulcers must be kept open 
 that the sanies, or fords that lie in them 
 may be purged out, whereas of themselves 
 f hey would heal before. 
 
 Only beware, lest by too much binding 
 you cause pain in tender parts. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Of Medicines resisting poison. 
 
 Such medicines are called dlexiteria, and 
 Alexipharmaca, which resist poison. 
 
 Some of these resist poison by astral in- 
 fluence, and some physicians (though but 
 few) can give a reason for it. 
 
 These they have sorted into three ranks : 
 
 1. Such as strengthen nature, that so it 
 may tame the poison the easier. 
 
 2. Such as oppose the poison by a con- 
 trary quality. 
 
394 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 3. Such as violently thurst il out of If thou dost but observe the nature and 
 doors. | motion of the venom, that will be thy best 
 
 Such as strengthen nature against poison, I instructor, 
 either do it to the body universally, or elsej In the stomach it requires vomiting, in 
 
 the blood and spirits, sweating, if the body 
 be plethoric, bleeding, if full of evil humours, 
 purging. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 strengthen some particular part thereof. 
 
 For many times one particular part of 
 the body is most afflicted by the poison,^ 
 
 suppose the stomach, liver, brain, or any- Lastly, The cure being ended, strengthen 
 other part : such as cherish and strengthen j the parts afflicted, 
 those parts, being weakened, may be said to $ 
 resist poison. 
 
 Such as strengthen the spirits, strengthen i 
 all the body. 
 
 Sometimes poisons kill by their quality, j Qf Medicines 
 
 and then are they to be corrected by their I , T , . . , . ? , 
 contraries C Jamn been amon S st P hv ' 
 
 They which kill by cooling are to be| S1 n , s about purging medicines, namely, 
 remedied by heating, and the contrary ; H 01 ,^ *ey draw the humours to them by 
 they which kill by corroding, are to be!?. md f en ^ft whlch ln P la , m E "S hsh 1S > 
 cured by lenitives, such as temper their j* he J k " ow n ho , w; Or w f he her ^ Per- 
 acrimonv < m office by manifest quality, viz. 
 
 'm i i i -ii j ; by heat, dryness, coldness, or 
 
 Those which kill by induration, orcoa-i./. 
 
 i- nt is not my present scope to 
 
 gulation, require cutting medicines. 
 
 Also because all poisons are in motion, 
 neither stay they in one till they have seized 
 
 of a dispute about the business, neither 
 seem it such an hidden thing to me thut 
 every like should draw its like, only to 
 
 and oppressed the fountain of life, therefore 5,^1 T - 
 
 r- i. ? make the matter as plain as I can, I sub- 
 
 they have invented another faculty to slay! . . 
 
 r i i divide this chapter into these folio wine 
 
 their motion, viz. terrene and emplastic. \ 
 
 For they judge, if the poison light upon \ P' 
 these medicines, they embrace them round t i 
 with a viscous quality. 
 
 Also they say the ways and passages are | 
 
 1. Cautions concerning purging. 
 
 2. Of the choice of purging medicines. 
 
 3. Of the time of taking them. 
 
 4. Of the correcting of them. 
 
 5. Of the manner of' purging. 
 
 stopped by such means, to hinder their pro- 
 ceeding ; take Terra Lemma for one. 
 
 Truly if these reasons be good, which I ; 
 leave to future time to determine, it may be i 
 done for little cost. 
 
 Some are of opinion that the safest way exceeding cautious in it too, what the matter 
 is to expel the poison out of the body, so j offending is, what part of the body is af- 
 soon as may be, and that is done by vomit, I tticted by it, and which is the best way to 
 
 Cautions concerning purging. 
 In this, first consider diligently, and be 
 
 or purge, or sweat. 
 
 bring it out. 
 
 You need not question the time, but do} Only here, by the way, first, have a care of 
 it as soon as may be ; for there is no parly- j giving vomits, for they usually work more 
 ing with poison. {violently, and afflict the body more than 
 
 Let vomiting be the first, purging the next, j purges do, therefore are not fit for weak 
 nd sweating the last. This is general. But, ! bodies ; be sure the matter offending lie in 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 395 
 
 the tunicle of the stomach, else is a vomit 
 given in vain. 
 
 Vomits are more dangerous for women 
 than men, especially such as are either with 
 child, or subject to the fits of the mother. 
 
 What medicine is appropriated to the 
 purging of such a humour, for seeing the 
 offending matter is not alike in all, the 
 purging medicine ought not to be the same 
 to all. I shall speak more of this anon. 
 As also of the divers ways whereby medi- 
 cines draw out or cast out humours, viz. 
 by lenifying, cleansing, provoking nature 
 to expulsion, and (which is stranger than 
 the doctor's hidden quality) some purge by 
 binding, but indeed, and in truth, such as 
 are properly called purging medicines, 
 which, besides these faculties, have gotten 
 another, by which they draw or call out 
 the humours from the most remote parts of 
 the body, whether these do it by heat or by 
 an hidden quality, physicians are scarce 
 
 : able to determine, it being very well known 
 
 | to modern physicians, though the ancients 
 
 denied it, that many cold medicines purge. 
 
 There is this faculty in all the purges of 
 
 Galen's model, (because he gives the whole 
 
 simple which must needs consist of divers 
 
 | qualities, because the creation is made up ot 
 
 | and consists by an harmony of contraries) 
 
 there is (I say) this faculty in all purges of 
 
 that nature, that they contain in them a 
 
 substance which is inimical both to th 
 
 stomach and bowels, and some are of 
 
 opinion this doth good, namely, provokes 
 
 nature the more to expulsion ; the reason 
 
 might be good if the foundation of it were 
 
 so, for by this reason nature herself should 
 
 purge, not the medicine, and a physician 
 
 should help nature in her business and not 
 
 hinder her. But to forbear being critical, 
 
 this substance which I told you was inimi- 
 
 *cal to the stomach, must be corrected in 
 
 * every purge. 
 
 CULPEPERS LAST LEGACIES. 
 
 Select Medicinal Aphorisms and Receipts, for many diseases our frail 
 
 natures are incident to. 
 
 1. A general Caution. 
 
 LET such as love their heads or brains, I 
 either forbear such things as are obnoxious 
 to the brain, as Garlick, Leeks, Onions, 
 beware of surfeiting and drunkenness. 
 2. To purge the Head. 
 
 The head is purged by Gargarisms, of 
 which Mustard, in my opinion, is excel- 
 lent, and therefore a spoonful of Mustard 
 put into the mouth, is excellent for one that 
 is troubled with the lethargy : also the head 
 is purged by sneezing ; but be sure if you 
 
 would keep your brain clear, keep your 
 
 stomach clean. 
 
 3. For a rheum in the Head, and the Palsy. 
 
 Take a red Onion, and bruise it well, 
 and boil it in a little Verjuice, and put 
 thereto a little clarified honey, and a great 
 spoonful of good Mustard, when it is well 
 boiled, raise the sick Upright, and let him 
 receive the smell up his nose twice a day, 
 whilst it is very hot. 
 
 4. For a rheum in the Head. 
 
 Boil Pimpernel well in Wine, and drink 
 
 5 i 
 
396 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 a. draught of the Wine in t\\c evening, hot, 
 but in the morning cold. 
 
 5- Another, 
 
 Stew Onions in a close pot, and bathe the 
 nead and mouth, and nose therewith. 
 6. For the falling off" of the Hair. 
 
 Beat Linseeds very well, and mix them 
 
 with Sallad-oil ; and when you have well 
 
 mixed them, anoint the head therewith, and 
 
 in three or four times using it will help you. 
 
 7- To purge the Head. 
 
 Chew the root of Pellitory of Spain, and 
 chew it on both sides of thy mouth, and as 
 the rheum falls down into thy mouth, spit it 
 out, but retain the root there still, till you 
 think the head is purged enough for that 
 time. 
 
 FOR THE EYES, AND THEIR IMPEDIMENTS. 
 
 8. For Eyes that are blasted. 
 
 Only wear a piece of black Sarcenet be- 
 fore thy eyes, and meddle with no medi- 
 cine ; only forbear wine and strong drink. 
 
 9- An excellent water to clear the Sight. 
 
 Take of Fennel, Eyebright, Roses, white, 
 Celandine, Vervain and Rue, of each a 
 handful, the liver of a Goat chopt small, in- 
 fuse them well in Eyebright- water, then dis- 
 til them in an alembic, and you shall have a 
 water will clear the sight beyond comparison. 
 
 10. For a hurt in the Eye n-ith a stroke. 
 Take Agrimony, and bruise it very well, 
 
 and temper it with white Wine, and the 
 while of an egg: spread it pretty thick 
 upon a cloth, like a plaster, and apply it 
 to tlie outside of the eye-lid, arid, although 
 it be almost out, it will cure it. 
 
 11. To draw rheum back from the Eyes. 
 Take an egg and roast it hard, then pull 
 
 off the shell, and slit it in two, and apply it 
 hot to the nape of the neck, and thou shalt 
 find ease presently. 
 
 12. For the web in the Eye. 
 Take the gall of a hare, and clarified 
 honey, of each equal proportions: mix 
 liiem together, and lay it to the web. 
 
 FOR THE EARS, AND THEIR IMPEDIMENTS. 
 
 13. For pain in the Ears. 
 
 Drop a little oil of sweet Almonds inl 
 the ear, and it easeth the pain instantly, 
 (and yet oil of bitter Almonds is our doctor's 
 common remedy.) 
 
 14. For an imposthume in the Ear. 
 
 Boil some milk, and put it into a stone 
 pot with a narrow mouth, and hold the sore 
 ear over the pot whilst the milk is very hot, 
 that the vapour of the milk may ascend into 
 the ear : this is an often approved remedy 
 to take awav- the pain, and break the im- 
 posthume. 
 
 FOR THE NOSE, AND ITS INFIRMITIES. 
 15. For Polypus ; or a fcshy substance grow- 
 ing in the Nose. 
 
 Take the juice of Ivy, and make a tent 
 with a little cotton, the which dip in the 
 , juice and put it. up in the nostril. 
 16. To cleanse the Nose. 
 
 Snuff up the juice of red Beet-root ; it 
 will cleanse not only the nose, but also the 
 head, this is a singular remedy for such as 
 are troubled with hard congealed stuff in 
 their nostrils. 
 
 17. -For bleeding at the Nose. 
 
 t Bind the arms and legs as hard as you 
 {can with a piece of tape-ribboning ; that, 
 [ perhaps, may call back the blood. 
 
 18. For a Canker in the Nose. 
 
 Boil strong ale till it be thick, if the Can- 
 ker be in the outside of the nose, spread it 
 as a plaster, and apply it; if in the inside, 
 make a tent of a linen rag, and put it up 
 t the nostril. 
 
 19- Another for the Polypus. 
 The. water of Adder's-tongue snuffed up 
 J the nose, is very good : but it were better, in 
 liny opinion, to keep a rag continually 
 {moistened with it in the nose. 
 
 20. For bleeding at the Nose. 
 TakeAmber and bruise into gross powder 
 put it upon a chafing-dish of coals, and re- 
 ceivethe smoke upintothenosewithaf'unnd 
 
 21. Another. 
 When no other means will slop tl;e 
 
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. 
 
 397 
 
 breeding at the nose, it has been known; 
 lhat it hath been stopped by opening aj 
 vein in the ear. 
 
 OF THE GUMS, AND THEIR INFIRMITIES. 
 
 29. For a Scurvy in the gums. 
 Take Cloves, and boil them in Rose- 
 
 i water, then dry them, and beat them to 
 OF THE MOUTH, AND ITS DISEASES. | powder? a , )d m the um the 
 
 22. A Caution. land drink the decoction in the morning 
 
 VVhosoever Avould keep their mouth, or ; fasting an hour after it. Use red Rose- 
 tongue, or nose, or eyes, or ears, or teeth, i water, for that is the best. 
 from pain or infirmities, let them often use : 30. For rotting and consuming of the gums 
 sneezing, and such gargarisms as they were : Take Sage-water, and wash your mouth 
 instructed in a preceding chapter; for, in-! with it every morning, and afterwards rub 
 deed, most of the infirmities, if not all, which I your mouth with a Sage-leaf. 
 infest those parts, proceed from rheum. OF THE FACE, AND ITS INFIRMITIES. 
 
 23. -For extreme heat of the Mouth. 31. The cause. 
 
 Take Rib-wort, and boil it in red Wine, ; It is palpable, that the cause of redness 
 and hold the decoction as warm in your i and breaking out of the face, is a venomous 
 
 matter, or filthy vapours ascending from 
 the stomach towards the head ; where 
 meeting with a rheum or flegm thence des- 
 cending, mix with it, and break out in 
 the face. Therefore let the first intention of 
 cure be to cleanse the stomach. 
 32. Caution negative. 
 
 mouth as you can endure it. 
 
 24. For a Canker in the Mouth. 
 Wash the mouth often with Verjuice. 
 
 OF THE TEETH, AND THEIR MEDICINES. 
 
 25. A Caution. 
 
 If you will keep your teeth from rotting, : 
 
 oraching, wash your mouth continually every \ Let such as are troubled with red faces, 
 morning with juice of Lemons, and after- 5 abstain from salt meats, salt fish and her- 
 vvards rub your teeth either with a Sage-leaf, I rings, drinking of strong beer, strong waters 
 or else with a little Nutmeg in powder ; also j or Wine, Garlick, Onions, and Mustard, 
 wash your mouth with a little fair water i 33. For a face full of red pimples. 
 after meats ; for the only way to keep [ Dissolve Camphire in Vinegar, and mix 
 teeth sound, and free from pain, is to keep ] it, and the Vinegar with Celandine-water, 
 
 and wash the face with it: this cured a 
 
 them clean. 
 
 26. To Jcecp Teeth white. 
 
 Dip a little piece of white cloth in Vine- 
 gar of Quinces, and rub your gums with it, 
 fV>r it is of a gallant binding quality, and 
 not only makes the teeth white, but also 
 strengthens the gums, fastens the teeth, and 
 also causeth a sweet breath. 
 
 27. To fasten the Teeth. 
 
 Seethe the roots of Vervain in old Wine, 
 and wash your teeth often with them, and it 
 will fasten them. 
 
 maid in twenty days, that had been trou- 
 bled with the infirmity halt so many years 
 34. To take away the marks of tin small poi. 
 
 Take the juice of Fennel, heaf it hike- 
 warm, and when the small Pox -are well 
 scabbed, anoint the face with it divers limes 
 in a day, three or four days together. 
 OF THE THROAT, AND ITS INFIRMITIES. 
 35. A caution. 
 
 Diseases in the throat, most commonly 
 proceed of rheum descending from the head 
 upon the trachea artcria, or wind-pipe; in 
 
 Take the inner rind of an Elder-tree, and i such cases there is many times no other ' 
 bruise it, and put thereto a little Pepper, and } cure than first to purge the body of flegm. 
 make it into balls, and hold them between land then the head of rheum, as you were 
 the teeth that ache. taught in the first chanter. 
 
398 
 
 THE COMPLETE HERBAL 
 
 36. For hoarseness. { 43. .Another. 
 
 Take of sugar so much as will fill a com- : Let such as have weak stomachs, avoid 
 mon taster, then put so much rectified spirit ! all sweet things, as honey, sugar, and the 
 of Wine to it as will just wet it, eat this up j like; milk, cheese and all fat meats: let 
 at night going to bed, use this three or four] him not eat till he is hungry, nor drink be- 
 times together. | fore he is dry ; Jet him avoid anger, sadness, 
 
 37. Another. much travel, and all fryed meats : let him 
 If the body be feverish, use the former not vomit by any means, nor eat when he is 
 
 medicine as before, only use Oil of sweet hot 
 
 Almonds, or lor want of it, the best Sailed- 44. For moisture of the Stomach. 
 
 oil instead of spirit of Wine. Take a drachm of Galanga, in powder, 
 
 38. Another. I every morning in a draught of that Wine 
 Take Penny-royal, and seethe it in ruhn- 1 you like best. 
 
 ing water, and drink a good draught of the? 45. For heat of the Stomach. 
 
 decoction at night going to bed, with a little Swallow four or five grains of Mastich 
 
 sugar in it. 
 
 39- For the Quinsey. 
 
 Take notice that bleeding is good in all 
 inflammations, therefore in this. 
 
 It were very convenient that a syrup, and 
 an ointment of Orpine were always ready 
 in the house for such occasions ; for I know 
 no better remedy for the Quinsey, than to 
 drink the one, and anoint the throat with the 
 other. 
 
 OF WOMEN'S BREASTS. THEIR INFIRMITIES 
 AND CURES. 
 
 40. For sore Breasts. 
 
 Take a handful of Figs, and stamp them 
 well till the kernels are broken, then temper 
 them with a little fresh grease, and apply 
 them to the breast as hot as the patient can 
 endure ; it will presently take away the 
 anguish, and if the breast will break, it will 
 break it, else it will cure it without breaking. 
 41. An inward medicine for a sore Breast. 
 
 Let her drink either the juice or decoc- 
 tion of Vervain : it were fit that syrup were 
 made of it to keep all the year. 
 OF THE STOMACH, AND ITS INFIRMITIES. 
 
 every night going to bed. 
 OF THE LITER, AND ITS INFIRMITIES. 
 
 46. A caution. 
 
 If the liver be too hot, it usually proceeds 
 from too much blood, and is known by 
 redness of urine, the pulse is swift, the veins 
 great and full, the spittle, mouth, and tongue, 
 seem sweeter than they used to be : the cure 
 is letting blood in the right arm. 
 
 47. To cause the Liver well to digest 
 Take Oil of Wormwood, and so much 
 Mastich in powder as will make it into a 
 poultice, lay it warm to your right side. 
 
 48. A caution. 
 
 If the liver be stopped, the face will swell, 
 and you shall be as sure to have a pain in 
 your right side, as though you had it there 
 already. 
 
 49. For stoppage of the. Liver. t 
 
 Use Garden-thyme in all your drinks and 
 
 broaths, it will prevent stoppages before 
 
 they come, and cure them after they air 
 
 come. 
 
 50. For the liver. 
 The liver of a Hare dryed, and beaten 
 
 42. A caution. 
 
 Infirmities of the stomach usually proceed \ into powder, cures all the diseases of the 
 from surfeiting. ) hver of man 
 
 I 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 A. CHO88, PBIKTKK, 89, PAUI STHZKT TI.NSBl'BV. 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED, 
 
 AND 
 
 GALEN'S KEY TO PHYSIC. 
 
 ADDER'S Tongue, or Serpent's 
 
 Tongue, 3 
 Agrimony, 4 
 
 Water, 5 
 
 Alder Tree, the black, 6 
 
 the common, 7 
 
 Alelioof, or Ground-Ivy, 5 
 Alexander, fi 
 
 Alkanef, 3, 218 
 
 AIl-Heal, 2 
 
 AmaraDulcis, or Bitter Sweet, 1 
 
 Amarantlius, 9 
 
 Anemone, 9 
 
 Angelica, 8, 218 
 
 Anthorse, 218 
 
 Archangel, 11 
 
 Arrach, garden, 10 
 
 wild and stinking, 10 
 
 Ars-smart, 12 
 Artichokes, 88, 221 
 Asarabacca, 13, 218 
 Ask Tree, 14, 222 
 Asparagus, 2 1 3 
 
 prickly, 14 
 
 or Sperage, 218 
 
 Asphodel, Female, or King's 
 Spear, 218 
 
 Male, 219 
 
 l**ei s, Coli.-wort, or Herb Bo- 
 ne!. i: 
 
 Avens, or Herb Bennet, 219 
 ->].-> 
 
 Barks. 
 
 appropriated to parts of 
 
 the body, 2.>9 
 
 Utrberry, 16 
 
 Barks, 20-2 
 
 Harks, 227 
 
 r.arlcy, 16 
 
 Hay tree, 18,223 
 
 Bazil,grden,orSweetBazil, 18 
 
 . 18 
 
 l. French, 1!) 
 Ucar.sbreach, or Drank Ursine, 
 
 29, 2)7 
 
 s, 19 
 Beech Tree, 23 
 
 Beets, 20 
 
 Beets, black, white, and red, 
 
 219 
 
 Betony, Water, 21 
 Wood, ib. 
 
 Bifoil, or Twoblade, 24 
 
 Bilberries, Whorts, or Whor- 
 tleberries, 23 
 
 Birch Tree, 24 
 
 Bird's Foot, 24 
 
 Birthwort, 218 
 
 Bishop's-Weed, 25 
 
 Bistort, orSnakeweed, 25, 219 
 
 Bitter Sweet, 1 
 
 Blade, One, 26 
 
 Elites, 27 
 
 Blue Bottle, 28 
 
 Borrage, 21!) 
 
 Borrage and Bugloss, 28 
 
 Bramble, or Blackberry Bash, 
 27 
 
 Brank Ursine, 29 
 
 Briony, or Wild Vine, 30 
 
 Briony, white and black, 219. 
 
 Brooklime, or Water Pimper- 
 nel, 31 
 
 Broom and Broom-rape , 32 
 
 Buck's horn Plantain, 33 
 ib. 
 
 Bugle, 33 
 
 Biigloss, 219 
 
 Bulbw.s Vornitoriiis, 219 
 
 llur, Clot-bur, or Burdock, 219 
 
 Burdock, 36 
 
 Burnet, 35, 224, 226 
 
 Butr.her's Broom, 31 
 
 Butter-bur, 2'-> I 
 
 Mutter-bur, or IVfasitis, 35 
 
 Cabbages and Cole worts, 37 
 
 Calamint, or Mountain Mint, 38 
 
 Caltrops, Water, 39, 216 
 
 I'ammock, or Rest-harrow, 223 
 
 Camomile, 39 . 
 
 Campion Wild, 40 
 
 Cap.r Knots, 219 
 
 Cardii'is lirncdiclus, 41 
 
 Carraway, 42 
 
 Carrots, 41, 221 
 Celandine, 42 
 
 lesser, 44 
 
 Celandine, the greater and les- 
 ser, 220 
 
 Centaury, ordinary small, 44 
 
 Centaury, the greater, 219 
 
 Cerecloths, 366 
 
 Chamelion, white and black, 
 220 
 
 Cherries, Winter, 45 
 
 Cherry-Tree, 45 
 
 Chervil, 46 
 
 Sweet, or Sweet Cicely, 
 
 47 
 
 Chesnut-Tree, 47 
 
 Chesnuts, Earth, ib. 
 
 Chickweed, 48 
 
 Chick-pease, or Cicers, ib. 
 
 China, 220 
 
 Cinquefoil, 224 
 
 Cinquefoil, orFive-leavedGrass, 
 49 
 
 Gives, 50 
 
 Clary, or Clear Eye, 50 
 
 Wild, 50 
 
 Cleavers, 51 
 
 Clown's Woodwort, 52 
 
 Cock's Head, Red Pitching, or 
 Medick Fetch, 52 ' 
 
 Colewort, 219 
 
 Coleworts, Sea, ib. 
 
 Coltsfoot, 53 
 
 Columbines, 53 
 
 Comfrey, 54, 220 
 
 Compounds, Spirit and Com- 
 pound Distilled Waters, 
 283 
 
 Conserves, 206 
 
 Conserves and Sugars, 315 
 
 Coralwort, 64 
 
 Coslmary, or Alecost, or Bal- 
 sam Herb, 55 
 
 Costus, both sorts, 220 
 
 Cowslips, or Peagles, 56 
 
 Crab's Clans, or Fresh Water 
 Soldier, 57 
 
 Creatures, Living, 252 
 Creatures, part of Living and 
 
 Excrements, 253 
 Cresses, black, 57 
 
 Sciatica, ib. 
 
 Water, 58 
 
 Crosswort, 58 
 Crowfoot, 59 
 Cucfcow Point, ib. 
 Cuckow-points, or Wake-robin, 
 
 218 
 
 Cucumber-roots, wild, 221 
 Cucumbers, 61 
 Cudweed, or Cotton-weed, 56 
 Daisies, 61,219 
 Dandelion, vulgarly called 1-is.i 
 
 a-beds, 62 
 Darnel, 62 
 Decoctions, 204, 203 
 Devil't Bit, 63, 223 
 Dill, 63 
 
 Distilled Waters, Simples, 278 
 I, 
 
 digested before hand, 
 Dittany, 221 
 Dok, 64 
 Dodder of Thyme, - 
 
 Kr. 64 
 Crass, or Cough Grass, 
 
 65 
 
 Doronicum, 221 
 Dove's-Foot, or Ci-:i>m's-IJi!l, C> 
 Down, or Cotton Thistle, (>7 
 Dracunculi, 221 
 Dragons, (i7 
 Dropwort, 222 
 Duck's Meat, 66 
 Dwarf I'jldrr, Walwort, 
 
 Danewort, 221 
 Elder, 225 
 Elder Tire, 67 
 
 Dwarf, 67 
 Elecampane, (il), 221 
 Electuaries, 205 
 Electuaries, 324 
 
 purging, 33 
 
 Elm Tree, 68 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Etnplaslers, 391 
 
 Endive, 69 
 
 Endive, Garden Endive, 221 
 
 Eringo, or Sea Holly, 70, 222 
 
 Eyebright, 71 
 
 Fennel, 73, 222 
 
 Sow, or Hog's Fennel, 
 
 47 
 Fern, 71 
 
 Water, or Osmond Royal, 
 
 72 
 
 Male and Female, 222 
 
 of the Oak, 224 
 
 Feverfew, or Fetherfew, 72 
 Fig-wort, 226 
 
 Fig-wort, or Throat-wort, 74 
 Fig Tree, 75 
 
 Filipendula, or Drop-Wort, 75 
 Flag, Yellow Water, or Flower- 
 de-luce, 76 
 
 Flax-weed, or Toad Flax, 76 
 Flea- Wort, 77 
 Flower-de-luce, 78 
 Flowers, 200, 247 
 264 
 
 appropriated to certain 
 
 parts of the body, 265 
 
 Fluellin, or Lluelliu, 79 
 Fluxweed, 78 
 Fox-Gloves, 80 
 Fresh-water Soldier, or Crab's 
 
 Claws, 57 
 Fruits, 267 
 
 appropriated to the body 
 
 of man, 267 
 
 ' by tlieir several opera- 
 tions, bind, &c., 2C8 
 
 purging, 208 
 
 and their buds, 248 
 
 s Thistle, 223 
 
 tory, 80 
 
 Bush, -81 
 
 <5a!anga, or Galingal, 222 
 Galanga, English, long and 
 
 round, 221 
 
 thoil of Physic, Key 
 376 
 
 Garlick, 82, 218, 227 
 Gentian, 222 
 Gentian, Felwort, or Baldmony, 
 
 82 
 
 Germander, 83 
 Gilliflowers, Clove, 83 
 Ginger, 227 
 Gladon, Stinking, 226 
 Gladwin, Stinking, 84 
 Golden Rod, 85 
 Gooseberry Bush, 86 
 Gout- wort, or HerbGerrard, 85 
 Grass, 222 
 Green, Winter, 86 
 Gromel, 85 
 Groundsel, 87 
 Gums, Rosins, Balsams, and 
 
 Juices, 270 
 Hart's Tongue, 88 
 
 Hawk-weed, 88 
 
 Hawthorn, 90 
 
 Hazel-Nut, 89 
 
 Heart's Ease, 88 
 
 Heart's-ease, or Pansies, 226 
 
 Hedge Hyssop, 92 
 
 Hellebore, black, 93 
 
 Hellebore, white and black, 221 
 
 Hemlock, 90 
 
 Hemp, 91 
 
 Henbane, 91 
 
 Herb Robert, 94 
 
 True-Love, or One Berry, 
 
 94 
 
 Herbs, 260 
 appropriated to certain 
 
 parts of the body of man, 
 
 262 
 
 altering according to pro- 
 perty, 263 
 
 purging, 264 
 
 Herbs or Trees, of the leaves 
 
 of, 200 
 
 and their Leaves, 229 
 
 Hermodactils, 222 
 
 Holly, Holm, or Hulver Bush, 
 99 
 
 Hops, 95 
 
 Horehound, 96 
 
 Horsetail, 97 
 
 Hound's Tongue, 98, 221 
 
 Houseleek, or Sengreen, 97 
 
 Hyssop, 95 
 
 Ivy, 99 
 
 Jacinth 's, 222 
 
 John's Wort, St., 99 
 
 Juniper Bush, 100 
 
 Juices, 202, 252 
 
 Juleps, 204 
 
 Kidney Wort, or Wall Penny- 
 royal, or Wall Penny- 
 wort, 101 
 
 Knapweed, 102 
 
 Knotgrass, ib. 
 
 Knee-holly, or Butcher's-broom, 
 or Bruscus, 225 
 
 Ladies' thistles, 220 
 Mantle, 103 
 Smock, 104 
 
 Lavender, ib. 
 
 Cotton, 104 
 
 L:eks, 225 
 Lettice, 223 
 Lettuce, 104 
 Lilies, Water, 223 
 Lilies, White, 106, 223 
 Lily, Water, 105 
 
 of the Valley, ib. 
 
 Liquorice, 106, 222 
 Liverwort, 107 , 
 Lohochs, 208 
 Loosestrife.or Willow herb, 107 
 
 with spiked heads 
 
 of flowers, ib. 
 Lovage, 108, 223 
 Lungwort, 109 
 
 Madder, 109, 225 
 Maidenhair, 110 
 
 white, or Wall 
 
 Rue, ib. 
 
 Golden, ib. 
 
 Mallows, 223 
 Mandrakes, ib. 
 Maple Tree, 
 Marigolds, 114 
 Marjoram, wind, 112 
 sweet, 113 
 
 Marsh-mallows, 218 
 Masterwort, 114,223,224 
 Maudlin, Sweet, 1 14 
 Mead-sweet, 227 
 Mechracah, 223 
 Medicines, method of mixing, 
 
 210 
 on the Temperature 
 
 of, 376 
 
 Temperate, 377 
 
 Hot, ib. 
 
 Hot in the first de- 
 
 gree, ID. 
 
 gree, 378 
 
 gree, ib. 
 
 second de- 
 fourth de- 
 fourth de- 
 
 gree, ib. 
 
 - Cooling, 378 
 
 - cool in the first de- 
 gree, 379 
 
 -- second and 
 third degree, ib. 
 
 - cold in the fourth de- 
 gree, 379 
 
 - moistening, ib. 
 
 - drying, ib. 
 
 - of the appropriation 
 of the several parts of the 
 body, 380 
 
 appropriated to the 
 
 Head, ib. 
 
 382 
 
 Brain, ib. 
 Eyes, ib. 
 Mouth & Nose, 
 
 ib. 
 
 Ears, ib. 
 
 Teeth, ib. 
 
 Breast & lungs, 
 
 der, 386 
 
 Heart, 383 
 
 Stomach, 384 
 
 Spleen, ib. 
 
 Reins and Blad- 
 
 Womb, ib. 
 
 Joints, ib. 
 
 Propriety or 
 
 operation of, 387 
 
 Hardening, ib. 
 
 Loosening, 388 
 
 Drawing, 389 
 
 Discussive, ib. 
 Repelling, 390 
 
 Medicines, appropriate to the 
 
 Liver, 385 
 CleansL, 391 
 
 ib. 
 
 ], 392 
 -Provokigurine, 
 
 393 
 
 -Breedii^ flesh, 
 
 Glutinajve, ib. 
 
 Resisting poi- 
 
 Purging, 394 
 Medlar, 115 
 
 Melilot, or King's Clam, 1 15 
 Mercury, French and Dog, 116 
 Dog, ib. 
 
 son, ib. 
 
 Metals, Minerals, and S'o'ics, 
 254 
 
 Metals, Stones, Salts, a;,J 
 Minerals, 276 
 
 Mints, 117 
 
 Misselto, 118 
 
 Mithridate Mustard, 182 
 
 Money-wort, or Herb Two- 
 pence, 1 19 
 
 Monk's Rhubarb, 225 
 
 Moonwort, 120 
 
 Mosses, 120 
 
 Motherwort, 121 
 
 Mouse-ear, 122 
 
 Mug wort, 122 
 
 Mulberry Tree, 123, 223 
 
 Mullein, ib. 
 
 Mustard, 124 
 
 Hedge, 125 
 
 Nail wort.orWhitlow-grass, 126 
 
 Nep, or Catmint, ib. 
 
 Nettles, 127, 227 
 
 Nightshade, 128 
 
 Oak, 128 
 
 Oats, 129 
 
 Oils, 205 
 
 Oils, 353 
 
 Simple Oils, by exnr,- 
 
 sion, ib. 
 Infusion 
 
 Decoction, 354 
 Compound Oils by Iniu 
 
 sion and Decoction, 35 j 
 Ointments, 208 
 Ointments, more simple, 358 
 
 more compound, 36"2 
 One Blade, ib. 
 Onions, 130,220 
 Orchis, 129 
 Orpine, ib. 
 
 Orris, or Flower-de-luce, 222 
 Parsley, 131 
 Piert, or Parsley 
 
 Breakstone, ib. 
 Parsnips, 132 
 
 Cow, ib. 
 
 garden and wild, 224 
 
 
 Peach Tree. 133 
 
 Pear Tree. 134 
 
 Pellitorv of Spain, 134,23. 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Pellitory of the Wall, 135 
 
 Peony, male and female, 224 
 
 Pennyroyal, 136 
 
 Peony, male and female, 137 
 
 Pepperwort, or Dittander, 138 
 
 Periwinkle, 13S 
 
 Peter's Wort, St. 139 
 
 Pimpernel, 139 
 
 Physic, a Key to Galen's Me- 
 thod of, 376 
 
 the general use of, ib. 
 
 of the temperature, ib. 
 
 Pills, 209, 339 
 
 Pine, Ground, 140 
 
 Plaisters, 208, 367 
 
 Plantain, 141, 224 
 
 Plants, things bred from, 252 
 
 Plums, 142 
 
 Polypody of the Oak, 142 
 
 Poplar Tree, 143 
 
 Poppy, 144 
 
 Poultices, 209 
 
 Preserved Rcots, Stalks, Barks, 
 Flowers, Fruits, 314 
 
 Preserves, 206 
 
 Primroses, 146 
 
 Privet, 146, 218 
 
 Purslain, 146 
 
 Queen of the Meadows, or 
 Meadow Sweet, 147 
 
 Quince Tree, 148 
 
 Radishes, garden and wild, 225 
 
 Ragwort, 149 
 
 Rest-Harrow.orCamonack, 150 
 
 Rattle Grass, 150 
 
 Receipts, General Caution, 395 
 
 to purge the Head, ib. 
 
 - for a Rheum in the 
 
 Head, and the Palsy, ib. 
 ib. 396 
 
 Rjceipts,tokeepTeeth white, ib. 
 
 fasten the Teeth, ib. 
 
 for the Tooth-ache, ib. 
 
 Scurvy in the Gums, ib. 
 
 for rotting and con- 
 suming of the Gums, ib. 
 
 the cause of Infirmities 
 
 in tllfe Face, ib. 
 for a Face full of red 
 pimples, ib. 
 
 to take away the marks 
 
 of Small Pox, ib. 
 
 caution concerning the 
 
 Infirmities of the Throat.ib. 
 
 for Hoarseness, 398 
 
 for the Quinsey, ib. 
 
 for Sore Breasts, ib. 
 
 inward Medi- 
 
 cine for, ib. 
 
 for Moisture of the Sto- 
 mach, ib. 
 
 for the heat of the Sto- 
 mach, ib. 
 
 to cause the Liver well 
 
 to digest, ib. 
 
 a Caution, ib. 
 
 for a stoppage of the 
 
 Liver, ib. 
 
 for the Liver, ib. 
 
 -teed, Aromatical, 219 
 ieeds, common and sugar, 218 
 ihadish, or Horse Rhadish,I48 
 -fhapontick, or Rhubarb of Pon- 
 
 tus, 225 
 llmbarb, 225 
 Ihubarb, or Rephontic, 156 
 
 - Monk's or garden 
 
 Patience, 157 
 
 Bastard, or great 
 
 Round-leaved Dock, ib. 
 for the falling off of i Rocket, 151 
 the^air, ii>. _ Winter.or Cresses, 152 
 
 purge the Head, ib. 'Roots, 201, 217, 256 
 
 Eyes that are blast- Temperature of, 257 
 
 appropriated to several 
 
 Efcllent Water to parts of the body, 258 
 
 clear IB Sight, ib. properties of, ib. 
 
 for\ hurt in the Eye Rosa Solis, or Sun Dew, 155 
 
 with a Voke, ib. Rosemary, ib 
 
 to o\v Rheum back Rose Root, 
 s, ib. Roses, 152 
 
 r a 
 
 from th 
 _____ fora 
 
 pain 
 
 .. an 1m 
 
 Ear, ib. 
 Polypi 
 
 substance 
 
 ]S'o*e, ib. 
 __ bleeding 
 a. Canker 
 
 i!,. 
 _ another for 
 
 ib. 
 . extreme h 
 
 Mouth, 397 
 for a Can 
 
 Mouth, ib. 
 
 >intheEye,ib. iiur, .Meadow, 158 
 
 Kars, ib. . Garden, 159 
 
 ume in the Rupture-wort, 160 
 
 Kushes. l<;i 
 Kye, ib. 
 
 ii .:,-, 
 
 ing in the 
 
 .ilj. 
 
 olypus, 
 f the 
 
 the 
 
 Saffron, Meadow, 220 
 Saffron, 161 
 Sage, 162 
 
 Wood, ib. 
 
 ! Samphire, 164 
 Sanicle, ib. 
 
 Saracen's Confound, or Sara- 
 cen's Wound-wort, 165 
 
 saparilla.or Uind-weed, 225 
 
 jnon, 226 
 
 Sauce- alone, or Jack by the 
 
 Hedge-side, 165 
 Savine, 166 
 Savory ,Winterand Summer, ib. 
 Saxifrage, the common white, 
 167 
 
 Burnet, ib. 
 
 white, or Lady- 
 
 Smocks, 226 
 
 Scabious, ib. /*j 
 
 Scabious, three sorts, 16lV\ 
 
 Scirrits, 226 
 
 Scordium, or Water-German- 
 der, ib. 
 
 Scurvygrass, 169 
 
 Sea, things belonging to, 254 
 
 Seeds, 201 
 
 or Grains, 249, 268 
 
 according to their ope- 
 ration, bind, &c. 269 
 
 Self-heal, 170 
 
 Service Tree, 171 
 
 Seseli, or Hartwort, 226 
 
 Shepherd's Purse, 171 
 
 Sloe-bush, or Sloe-tree, 225 
 
 Smallage, 171, 218 
 
 Solomon's Seal, 163, 225 
 
 Sope-wort, or Bruise-wort, 172 
 
 Sorrel, ib. 
 
 Wood, ib. 
 
 Sow Thistles, 173 
 
 Southern-wood, ib. 
 
 Sorrel, 223 
 
 Sowbread, 218 
 
 Sow-thistles, 226 
 
 Species, or Powders, 317 
 
 Spignel, 223 
 
 Spignel, or Spikenard, 174 . 
 
 Spikenard, 223 
 
 Spleenwort, Ceterach, or Hart's 
 Tongue, ib. 
 
 Spurge, greater and lesser, 222 
 
 Spurge, Olive, or Widow- wail, 
 222 
 
 Squills, 226 
 
 Star-Thistle, 175 
 
 Stone-Crop, Prick-Madam, or 
 small Houseleek, 177 
 
 Strawberries, 175 
 
 Swallow-wort, 218, 227 
 
 Succory, 220 
 
 Succory, or Chicory, 176 
 
 Sugars, 316 
 
 Sulphur-wort, llog's-fennel, or 
 I lore-strange, 224 
 
 >yrups, 203, 294 
 
 altering, 294 
 
 purging, 305 
 
 made with Vinegar and 
 
 Honey, 308 
 Tamaris, 226 
 Tamarisk Tree, 
 Tansie, 226 
 Tansy, garden, 178 
 Pansy. Wild, or Silver Weed, 
 
 179 
 
 Tears, Liquors, and 
 
 251 
 
 Teazle, 223 
 Thistles, 179 
 
 Melancholy, 180 
 
 our Lady's, ib. 
 
 Woollen or Cotton 
 
 of 
 
 181 
 
 Fuller's, or Teazle, ib. 
 
 Thorn, black, orSloe Bush, 182 
 Thorough Wax, or Thorough 
 
 Leaf, 183 
 
 Throat-wort, 226 I Q "9 
 Thyme, 123 C 
 Wild, or Mother 
 
 Thyme, ib. 
 Tinctures, 290 
 Toad-stools, 226 
 Tobacco, English, 177 
 Tooth wort, 221, 54 
 Tormentil, 226 
 Tormentil, or Septfoil, 184 
 Treacle Mustard, 181 
 Trefoil, 226 
 Trefoil, Meadow, or 
 
 suckles, 115 
 
 Heart, 186 
 
 Pearl, ib. 
 
 Troches, 209, 346 
 
 Turbith, 226 
 
 Turmerick, 221 
 
 Turnsole, or Heliotropium, 224 
 
 Tustan, or Park Leaves, 18(> 
 
 Valerian, white and red. 219 
 
 Valerian, or Setwell, greater 
 
 and lesser, 2:24 
 Valeridnf garden, 180 
 Vervain. 187 
 Vine, 188 
 
 Vinegars, Physical, 2 
 Violets, 188 
 Viper's liii^loss, 18!) 
 or Wild 
 
 Honey- 
 
 Bug 
 
 221 
 
 Viper's Grass, 22(i 
 
 Wall Flowers, or Winter Gill 
 
 flowers, 1<IO 
 W;;lmi! Tree, ib. 
 V\ ;,!< r-tW, or Flower-de-luce 
 218 
 
 distilled, 202 
 VVcl.l, Wold, or Dvei-'.s Weed 
 
 191 
 Wlii-M, 192 
 
 free, ib. 
 
 XN'iues. ! hjsicBl, 201 
 MI4 
 
 >:$, 223 
 
 .orlloney-sucklfii 
 Woods, 2(JO 
 \Voods, and their Chips or 
 
 Hupeings, 229 
 Wormwood, 194 
 Yarrow, Nose-bleed, Milfoil, Of 
 Thousand Leaf, 198 
 , or Setwall, 227 
 
A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL DIS 
 
 Aboition, (to prevent). Sage 244. 
 
 T-nsey 245 
 
 Acnes in the joints. Of Beans 228, 274 
 Agues. Archangel 11. Buck's-horn- 
 
 ptantain 33, 281. Camomile 39. 
 
 Pellitory 134. Meadow-sweet 147 
 
 Dry. Maudlin 114. Lovage 108 
 
 Hot. Mallows 111, 302. Wild 
 
 Tansey 1 79 
 
 Quartan. 1'umilory 237. Cinque- 
 foil 242 
 
 Almonds of tlie Ears. Devil's-bit 24.0 
 
 Anthony's Fire. Crab's-claws 57. 
 Duck's-meat 66. Haw*-weed 89 
 
 Appetite, (to restore). Wild Marjo- 
 ram 112. Masterwort 240, 295 
 
 Apoplexy. Lavender 103. Lily of the 
 Valley 105 
 
 Asthma. Woodbine 193. Lungwort 
 109, 313, 346 
 
 Blood, (to cleanse). Nettles 127,281, 
 ' 282. Hops 240 
 
 Bloody Flux. Amaranthus 9. Mal- 
 lows 112. Blackberry 27. Brank 
 Ursine 29. Clown's-wood 52 
 
 Blow?, (black and blue, marks of). 
 Daisies 232. Of Soiomon's-seal 225 
 
 Boils. Barberry 16. Cuckow-point 
 !><). Wheat 192 
 
 Bowel?, (obstructions of). Stachea 
 247. Hops 247, 346 
 
 Br.iin, (tostiengtiien). Kosemary 247. 
 Cowslips 347. Nutmegs 248, 272, 
 . 231, 324 
 
 Bruises. Bishop's-weed 25. Chervil 
 
 unon's-scal 163 
 Burdock 36. Ilound's-ton-vi? 
 
 ::a 13. Briony 30. 
 
 - 
 
 fre* 75. 
 
 Eyes. 
 
 weeo 
 
 IB188. 
 
 Aner , oundsel 87 
 
 Balm I ft. Kndive 69. 
 Penny royal 136 Heart Trefoil 186 
 
 Face, 397. Beam 18 
 
 Falling Sickness. Elk's-claws 253. 
 
 Mallows 111. Masterwort 114 
 Felons of the Finger. Amara-dulcis 1. 
 
 True Love 94. Nailwort 126 
 Fevers. Endive 69. Flea-wort 77. 
 Master-wort 114. Marigolds 114, 
 333 
 
 (Pestilential). Butter-burr 35. 
 
 Elecampane 69. Clove-gilliflowurs 
 83 
 
 (Putrid). Borage 28 
 
 Fistulas, 351. Bugle 33. Winter- 
 green 86. Cow-parsnips 132. Cam- 
 pion Wild 40 
 Fits. Wild Arrach 10 
 Flux. Bistort 25. Flux-weed 78. 
 
 Rhubarb of Pontus 225 
 Fundament falling. 239, 365. Duck 
 
 meat 240 
 Gout. Comfrey 54. Sciatica-cresses 
 
 57. Gout-wort 85. Elm 68 
 Gravel. Asparagus 13. Butcher's- 
 
 broom 31. Parsley-piert 131 
 Gums. 397 
 
 Head. 343, 395. Cives 50. Fever- 
 few 72. Flower-de-luce 78. 1'elli- 
 tory 134. Roses 153 
 
 Ache. Beets 20. Duck's-meat 
 
 66. Ivy 99. Privet 146 
 . Bald. White-lilies 106. Wall- 
 Rue 110, 396 
 
 Scabby. Fox-glove 80. Knap- 
 weed 102. Nep 126 
 
 Scald. White-Lilies 106 
 
 Heart-Burn. Vine 246 
 
 - (to strengthen). 284, 287, 289, 
 298, 318, 326, 349 
 
 (palpitation of ). Syrup of Apples 
 
 303 
 
 Hic-cough. Mint 117 
 Hoarseness. Fig-tree 75. Liquorice 
 
 106. Peach-tree 133 
 Imposthumes. Barley 16. Chick- 
 i! 48. Dandelion 62, 360 
 'ion. Avens 15. Ragwoitl49. 
 
 ire, 164 319, 374 
 . nations. Arssmart 12. Sea- 
 or!s 37. Cmquefoil 49. 
 Cresses 57 
 
 in the sides. Violets 247 
 
 m, (to preserve from). Scab) 
 K'.o. U;.y 18 
 
 iilack-alder 6. Celandine 42 
 i 84. Juniper 100 
 '>ny 4. Ash 14. 
 <! 41 
 
 - Ye. low. Wormwood 190. 
 227 
 Wheat 102 
 
 250 
 
 head, to kill). Staves- 
 Olibanum 250 
 Sage 1 62. Stran'berries 
 17.-,. Maple-tree 112 
 (inflammation of;. WildThymel 83 
 Uuclions of). Rhubarli 1.17, 
 225. Parsley 131. Columbines 
 53. Liver. wort 107. Alexander f> 
 
 ft" MI). Cleavers 51. 
 
 55. Uock 64. Hart's- 
 
 10 stop). Cloves 248 
 Lungwort 109. \\ ;,i 
 127. Fill: 
 75. 1CM 
 
 (mitamm.ition of). Garden Huf 
 
 15y, 244. Heart's-ease 88 
 
 (ulcers of;. Money-wort 119. 
 
 IJorehound 240 
 
 Measles. Termentil 184. Saffron t91 
 
 (to drive out). Alkanet 2. 
 
 Marigolds 114 
 
 Melancholy. Melancholy-thistle 180. 
 Germander 83. Vipers Bugloss 
 189. Mother-wort 121, 294. Bun- 
 net 35. Dodder 64, 345 
 
 Memory, (to strengthen). Olibanum 
 273, 281. Sage 2"44 
 
 Menses, (to provoke). Bdelliunf 271, 
 258, 269. Marjoram 281, 274 
 
 (to stop). 259, 264, 270, 299, 
 
 305. Tansy 179 
 
 Milk, (to increase in Nurses). Fennel 
 237. Of Vipers Busloss 221, 250 
 
 Miscarriage, (good against). Ladies' 
 Mantle. Tansey 178 
 
 Mouth. 397 
 
 Nervous Complaints. Privet 230, 
 356, 363 
 
 Head-ache. Lily of the Val- 
 ley 105. Plantain 224 
 
 Nose. 396 
 
 (bleeding at). Fluellin 79. 
 
 Houseleek 97. Periwinkle 138 
 
 Pain in the Bowels. Mouse-ear 122. 
 
 Of Marsh-mallows 218, 281 
 in the Side. Chick-pi';. 
 
 Coral-wort 54. Gentian 82 
 
 in the Stomach. Kupture-wort 
 
 160. Spignel 174. Black-thorn 
 182,273 
 
 Palsies. Cowslips 56. Juniper 100. 
 
 Lavender 103, 328, 312, 395 
 Piles. Lesser Celandine 44. Cnlt's- 
 
 foot 53. Stone-crop 17ts 
 Pleurisies. Lohoch of Poppies 313,. \21 
 Poison, (to expel). White Lili' 
 Master-wort 114. Rue 241. 
 Polypus. Polypody 142, 390 
 Flowers 266 
 Fruits 268 
 Herbs 264 
 Syrups 305 
 Cudweed 56. Ily 
 
 Ragwort 149. Black- 
 
 Purging. 
 
 
 Quinsey. 
 
 Orpine 130. 
 
 l-erry 27 
 Rickets. Fearn 222. Syrup Hait's- 
 
 tongue 304, 309 
 Ring-worm. Savine 166. 
 
 dine 42. Barberry 10 
 Ruptures. Rupture-wort 236. 'J !;o- 
 
 rough wax 183. Torii,.n! 
 
 Consolida-Major 220 
 SiTophul.i. ('( 
 Scurvy. Scurvy-' rass 169. 
 
 cresses 58. Winter liocket 3 
 
 Cuckoo Flower 104, 259 
 Scurf, (or rimninoj.et.ters). 1! 
 
 Plantain 141 *^ 
 Shingles. Plantain 243 
 Shortness of Breath. Anc;< 
 
 Calamint 38. Hyssop 95. Pcfli- 
 
 t try of the Wall 
 Skin, (to clear). Madder 1' 
 
 Cuckow-points 218. \'erv;i 
 Sleep, (to procure). Poppy 1 i 
 
 tuce 104, 310 
 
 Small Pox. Maii-.")idsll4. S;ir 
 Sore Breasts. Purslain 146. Quince 
 
 148, 398 
 . Eyes. Buck's-horii.phmtair 33. 
 
 Succory 176. Celandine42. 
 
 strife 108 
 I load. Garden Rue 159. Tr- 
 
 mentil 184 
 Mouth. Blu-bottle28. 
 
 24. Golden Rod 84 
 Throat. Saniclel64. S- 
 
 170, 393 Saracen's Confout 
 
 
 
 Sprains. 357, 361 
 
 Spring Medicine. Lady's- thistle 180 
 
 Nettles 1S7 
 Stings and Venomous Bites. Bazil 17, 
 
 Johu's-wort 99. Bay 18. Er.nj 
 
 70. Rocket 151 
 Stomach. Mint 117. Lovage 108,398 
 
 (inflammations of). Wallnut- 
 
 Tree 190 
 
 (obstructions of). Cross-wort 
 
 58. Rhubarb 1.57, 297, 317, 343 
 
 (to strengthen). Gentian 82.' 
 
 Mustard 124. Roses 152. Wood- 
 sorrel 172, 280, 374 
 
 Stone. Ash 14. Bird's-foot 24. 
 Broom 32. Burdock 36. Camo- 
 mile 39. Parsley-piert 131,233 
 
 Surfeits. Liver-wort 107, 280 
 
 Sweat, (to provoke). 259, 281, 325, 
 329, 338 
 
 Swellings. Common Alder 7. Sea- 
 Coleworts 37. Chi"k-weed 48 
 
 in the Throat. Water CaU 
 
 trops 39. Devil's-bit 63. S. Glad- 
 win 84 
 
 Teeth, (to draw without pain). 232 
 
 (to fasten). Mastich 251. 
 
 Bistort 219. Silver-weed 231 
 (to whiten). Vine 246, 397 
 
 Teething of Children. 253 
 
 Tooth-ache. Tobacco 177. Wild 
 Tansy 179. Henbane 91, 397 
 
 Tumours. Cives 50. Hemlock 90. 
 Lesser Celandine 42. True I>ove 
 91, 359, 360 
 
 (hard). Misselto 118. 
 
 Mallows 111 
 
 (hot). Water Lily 105 
 
 Ulcers. Centaury 44. Coral- wort 
 54. Bistort 25. Archangel 11. 
 Alehoof 5 
 
 Venereal Disease. Sope-wort 244 
 Voice, (to restore). 310, 314, 347 
 Vomit Antimonial Wine 292 
 Vomiting, (to stay). Lady's .Mantle 
 
 103, 304, 311, 321, 327 
 Warts. Buck's-horn 33. Ilouseleek 
 
 97. Poplar 143 
 
 \Vens. Turnsole 18o. Fuller's This- 
 tle 223 
 Wheezing. Liquorice 106. Hyssop 
 
 95. 1 ungwort 
 \\ hitlows Nail-volt 126 
 Wind. Bishop's-weed 25. < 
 
 I'enn 
 
 Bay- 
 
 way 42. j'lill 0:i. 
 Hemp 91, 264, 323 
 
 in the Stomach. Lovage 108. 
 
 Thyme 183. ?>lmt US. " Rose- 
 mary 15;>. I 178 
 
 Womb, (cold infirmities uf;. 
 
 (dishes of). Wild Arrach Id 
 
 few 72, 365 
 
 (infiamwationsof). Sc:hoenanth247 
 Wo'iii'ii' Mcii'iiry 11(1. 
 
 iUoses I.'O. .\lugwort 122, 231 
 
 in labour. Cinnamon 227. 
 
 Hore-h'iund 240. Penny-royal 2|3 
 Worms. D'jg's-,'rass65. Wormwood 
 
 195. Calamint 38, 324. A; 
 
 12. Butter-bur 35. Centaury 44. 
 
 Lavender-cotton 104 
 Wounds. Adder's-tongue 3. Bifoil 
 
 24. I'miirow-s M'i. llurnet 35. 
 
 One Blade 26. Bistort 25. Moon- 
 
 w.nt 120. Lupines 249 
 
 in the Head. Shepherd's -puni 
 
 
 171 
 

 
 
 
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