1 
 
 ^ 
 
II 
 + FREE LIBRARIES 
 
 AND 
 
 NEWSROOMS : 
 
 THEIR 
 
 FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. D. MULLINS, 
 
 CHIEF LIBRARIAN BIRMINGHAM FREE LIBRARIES, 
 
 Meeting ol" the National Association for the rromotiou 
 of Social Science at Birmingham, 1868.] 
 
 Third Edition. 
 
 WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS. 
 
 LONDON : 
 HENRY SOTHEEAN AND CO., 36, PICCADILLY, 
 
 {Opposite St. James's Church.) 
 
 1879. 
 
 w 
 
ESTABLISHED 1816. 
 
 HENRY SOTHERAN & CO., 
 
 GENERAL AGENTS 
 
 FOR 
 
 CLUBS, LIBRARIES, AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, 
 AT HOME AND ABROAD. 
 
 The Advertisers are in the constant habit of supplying Boohs to Public 
 LiBKARiES and Government Institutions not only at Borne hut Abroad, 
 for which they have unusual facilities in the extent of their Stock and 
 general experience. In all cases it is essential for them to have references 
 or a remittance in advance. 
 
 DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 OLD AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. The stock is now, as it has been 
 for many years, unapproachable in extent and variety, numbering 
 upwards of 500,000 volumes. 
 
 STANDARD BOOKS AND NEW PUBLICATIONS. . All the 
 
 Standard Works, particularly those necessary for an English library, 
 together with the New Books issued by the leading Publishers, are 
 constantly kept in stock. 
 
 BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND FOR PRESENTATION. A special 
 
 Department is appropriated to Books suitable for Prizes and for 
 Presentation, of which a lar^e assortment is always kept on hand, 
 appropriately bound in the best styles, and so various in price as to 
 suit all customers. Catalogues on application. 
 
 ORDERS FOR AMERICA, THE COLONIES, AND FOREIGN 
 
 COUNTRIES, executed with intelhgence, care and promptitude; and 
 any discretionary powers entrusted to the Advertisers will be exercised 
 with judgment and discretion in the interest of their clients. 
 
 REMAINDERS OF GOOD BOOKS AT GREATLY REDUCED 
 
 PRICES. From various causes many valuable works are often .sold 
 to the Advertisers not long after publication ; these are invariably 
 offered to the public at the lowest possible price. 
 
 BOOKBINDING EXECUTED. To this department the Advertisers 
 direct special attention, as they enjoy unwonted facilities for executing 
 the highest class hindivg at very moderate prices, as well as every, 
 description of plain binding, suitable for Lending Libraries, 
 Mechanics' Institutions, Clubs, etc. 
 
 LIBRARIES PURCHASED. Executors or Gentlemen having either 
 Libraries or small collectitms of Books to dispose of, are invited to 
 address themselves to the Advertisers, who are at all times ready to 
 purchase the same on the most liberal terms, and for immediate 
 payment, and to remove them without trouble to the vendor from any 
 part of the kingdom. 
 
 LIBRARIES CATALOGUED AND ARRANGED ; also valued for 
 
 Probate, either in Town or Country. 
 
p 
 
 FREE LIBEAIIIES 
 
 AND 
 
 
 NEWSROOMS: 
 
 THEIR 
 
 FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. D./^IULLINS, 
 
 CHIEF LIBRARIAN BIRMINGHAM FREE LIBRARIES. 
 
 [Read at the Meeting of the National Association for the Promotion 
 of Social Science at Birmingham, 1868.] 
 
 Third, Edition. 
 
 WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS. 
 
 LONDON : 
 HENRY SOTHERAN AND CO., 36, PICCADILLY. 
 
 1879. 
 
mkiEn^ 
 
 1 
 
 STAFF 
 
 ISSUE COUNTER 
 FOR CIRCULATION 
 
 MUSEUM 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 
 -1 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 g I 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 gr — 
 U 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 IH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ENTRANCE 
 
 TO 
 
 NEWS 
 
 ROOM 
 
 
 STAFF 
 
 
 AND 
 REF. LIB. 
 
 ISSUE COUNTER 
 FOR REFERENCE 
 
 
 IN / PICTURES 
 
 / 
 
 ....A 
 
 PICTURES \ 
 
 \i 
 

 PREFACE. 
 
 The writer has for some time past been constantly receiving 
 applications from various parts of the country for particulars 
 as to the Formation and Management of Free Libraries. A 
 strong desire for their extension, as well as courtesy tb the 
 persons applying, have compelled him to write various letters, 
 giving information and advice to the best of his ability. The 
 following pages are simply a summary of these letters. 
 There is a great need for an able popular Manual on the 
 subject : for this he regrets that he has neither the time nor 
 the power. These notes are published in the hope that some 
 more competent person may be induced to prepare a more 
 complete and valuable guide to the foundation and manage- 
 ment of the greatest educational machinery of our age. 
 
 22€55« 
 
SUMMARY OF COl!^TENTS. 
 
 Necessity for Free Libraries and Newsi-ooms. Endowed Libraries. 
 Subscription Libraries. Parochial Libraries. The Free Libraries Act 
 and its Author. The adoption of the Act by Manchester, Liverpool, 
 Birmingham, etc. How are these Institutions Worked, and how are 
 they Used ? Newsrooms : their Uses. List of Papers, Periodicals, etc. 
 Danger of introducing Denominational Papers. The Lending Libraries : 
 their Use ; character of Books suitable for them. The Eeference Depart- 
 ment : its Use. How to get the Act adopted. Style of Building for 
 a Library, etc. Plan for small Towns of a Library, Newsroom, and 
 Museum in one Chamber. How to Catalogue Libraries for Popular Use. 
 Free Libraries, etc. for London. Free Libraries, etc. for small Towns and 
 Villages. 
 
 Appendix I. The Free Libraries Acts and Amendments. 
 
 1. " Public Libraries Act [Ireland], 1855." 
 .,^ 2. *•' Public Libraries Act, 1855," [England]. 
 
 3. " Public Libraries Amendment Act [England 
 
 and Scotland], 1866." 
 
 4. "Public Libraries Act [Scotland], 1867." 
 
 5. " Public Libraries Act [ Scotland, 1867 ], 
 
 Amendment Act, 1871." 
 
 6. "Public Libraries Act [1855] Amendment Act, 
 
 1871 " [England]. 
 
 7. "Public Libraries Amendment Act, 1877 " 
 
 [England, Scotland, and Ireland]. 
 
 8. "Malicious Injuries to Property Act, 1861," 
 
 Section 39 [England and Ireland]. 
 „ II. Rules, Regulations, and Forms for Free Libraries. 
 „ III. Copy of Requisition calling Meeting. 
 „ IV. Copy of Resolutions passed at Meeting. 
 „ V. List of Books suitable for Free Libraries. 
 
 Note. — The original Free Libraries' Act, 1850, is not reprinted 
 here, as it is rescinded. 
 
^xn %xhmu^ mH gmmoiw^. 
 
 For many years the United Kingdom has possessed in its 
 various divisions Libraries easy of access to men of taste and 
 learning. Some few of these have been called Free Libra- 
 ries ; that is to say, no money has been taken for admission 
 to them, but usually some such introduction or recommenda- 
 tion has been required as has served as a barrier to the com- 
 mon people, and indeed to all but very earnest and persever- 
 ing students. Other Libraries have been accessible on terms 
 of subscription apparently suitable to all ._a,sses, but on an 
 inquiry as to the number and condition of the persons using 
 all the Literary Institutions known, it was found that they 
 formed but a marvellously small part of the population, and 
 that the great mass of the people, who stood most in need 
 of information, were not reached. 
 
 Some men thought that there was nothing to be done in 
 such a case but to leave ill alone, especially as interference 
 meant expense. To others it appeared that wholesome read- 
 ing and thought made much of the difference between the 
 brutish and mischievous and the intelligent and useful of 
 mankind ; and that it might really be the truest thrift, as 
 well as the noblest generosity, to carry the pleasures of learn- 
 ing and the influence of literature to those who did not care 
 to come to them. It was thought to be not unlikely tha,t 
 what was spent on Free Libraries and Newsrooms might be 
 saved in Workhouses and Gaols ; and so the experiment was 
 tried. The people had been mourned over and denounced for 
 haunting this and that improper place for recreation— de- 
 
 1 
 
^Z FREE LIBRARIES. 
 
 nounced and mourned over in vain — until it occurred to some 
 one that perhaps it might be worth while to provide some- 
 thing pleasant and good as a counter-attraction. The jaded 
 merchant, the harassed tradesman, and the tired student, 
 usually have the grateful change of pleasant homes, the vari- 
 ous resources of society, of art, of music, and the like ; the 
 poorer classes, with similar capacity for pleasure, have no such 
 provision ; there are very seldom quiet rooms at home where 
 they can read, even if they could get acceptable books. 
 
 Attempts to found and support Free Libraries by subscrip- 
 tion have been made, but have met with little success. Such 
 movements have had the brand of charity upon them, which 
 has been to many an insuperable hindrance to their use. They 
 have usually been sustained, too, by a party ; and the style of 
 the books and periodicals provided has been too often emi- 
 nently parochial. The clergy and gentry of the neighbour- 
 hood have kindly given such books of their own as they did 
 not particularly care to keep, and with a few purchases of 
 works " proper for working people," the Library has consisted 
 of the " Life of Colonel Gardiner," Doddridge's " Eise and 
 Progress," " Alleine's "Alarm," the "Anxious Enquirer," the 
 " Dairyman's Daughter," Pinnock's Catechisms, some volumes 
 of the " Mother's Magazine," a few " Annual Registers," and 
 a choice collection of funeral sermons. Now, without for one 
 moment disparaging the excellent works named, or the class 
 of which they are typical, it is really no wonder that Libraries 
 of the kind described, kept in some church or chapel school- 
 room by an occasional Librarian, have not been largely used. 
 Let it be distinctly understood that no sneer is here intended 
 at the kindly efforts which have been made to found Parish 
 Libraries ; but their promoters have admitted that they have 
 been used rather by the better class of their people, who, 
 having books, etc., of their own, could have done very well 
 without the Library, and have failed to attract, to any con- 
 siderable extent, the persons for whom they were specially 
 intended. 
 
 There are some very noble traits in the character of the 
 
FREE LIBRARIES. 3 
 
 Tougli working Englishman. He cannot go to, nor nse, any 
 Newsroom or Library in connection with a chnrcli or chapel, 
 without feeling that it pledges him more or less to being reli- 
 •gious. Now the mass of labouring men are not what is 
 •called religious ; but they hold to an unconscious paraphrase 
 of religion in what they call faimess-to work fair, to speak 
 fair, even to fight fair, is their version of righteousness ; and 
 with all our faults, the last thing that occurs to a healthy 
 Englishman is to play the hypocrite, or pretend to be religious 
 for any purpose whatever. 
 
 With the history of Free Libraries, established by Corpo- 
 rations and supported by rates, the name of William E wart is 
 inseparably connected. His motion in 1848 for a Parliamen- 
 tary Committee on Public Libraries led to an exposure of the 
 ■deficiencies of this country, even as compared with others ; of 
 the need for an ampler supply of books, and for easier access 
 to the Libraries containing them. Much very curious and 
 interesting information may be gathered from the Report 
 issued by this Committee, and from the valuable History of 
 Libraries, by Edwards. For our purpose at present, it is 
 'enough to say that Mr. Ewart followed up his first success by 
 obtaining the various Acts and Amendments on Libraries 
 from 1850 to 1867.* 
 
 To Manchester belongs the honour of first adopting the 
 Act, and to Manchester certainly credit is due for the most 
 •extended use and most thorough organization of these Insti- 
 tutions. It should be stated in pmise of her citizens that 
 they have not only granted the full allowance of one penny 
 in the pound of their rates, but have supplemented the same 
 with magnificent gifts. At Liverpool even more handsome 
 donations have been given, in addition to the rates ; the costly 
 structure which contains the Library and Museum being the 
 present of one of her grateful sons. In Birmingham the 
 Corporation has spent nearly thirty thousand pounds in build- 
 ing and furnishing, and spends five thousand per annum in 
 maintaining her Libraries and Newsrooms. Here all seems 
 
 * See also Acts for 1871, &c., in Appendix I. 
 
 1* 
 
^ THE NEWSROOM. 
 
 to liave been done by the Corporation alone. While the town 
 is, and well may be proud of these institutions, either from 
 lack of means or opportunity none of the merchants or gentry 
 seemed to have helped in the work as in the other places named. 
 
 There are also Eree Libraries at Airdrie, Blackburn, Bolton, 
 Cambridge, Cardiff, Coventry, Dundee, Leamington, Norwich, 
 Nottingham, Oxford, Salford, Sheffield, and Walsall.* 
 
 How are these Institutions worked; and how are they 
 used? 
 
 THE NEWSROOM. 
 
 First, the Newsrooms. These are essential. They are the 
 first step of the ladder. With the mass of men the practice 
 of reading commences with the Newspaper and the Periodical. 
 Now it is not fair to assume that the only purpose the News- 
 room serves is to keep men posted up in the latest style of 
 murder or the newest form of swindling. The various ques- 
 tions of the day — political, social, and moral — are in the 
 various papers discussed by able men from their different 
 points of view ; and the reading of these articles must induce 
 thought, tend to lessen conceit and ignorance, and lead to 
 sound judgment. The opinion of a man of one new'spaper 
 — who gets all his information from one side — is not worth 
 much. 
 
 * This was in 1868, but since the first edition of this pamphlet was 
 issued, many more Free Libraries have been established, and the hst 
 now stands : — Aberystwith, Airdrie, Ashton-under-Lyne,Bebington, Bilston 
 (Staffordshire), Birkenhead, Birmingham, Blackburn, Bolton, Bradford 
 (Yorkshire), Bridgewater, Brighton, Bristol, Burslem, Cambridge, Canter- 
 bury, Cardiff, Carlisle, Chester, Chesterfield, Coventry, Derby, Devon and 
 Exeter, Doncaster, Dudley, Dundalk, Dundee, Ennis, Forfar, Glasgow, 
 Hereford, Hertford, Ipswich, Kidderminster, Leamington, Leeds, Leicester, 
 Lichfield, Liverpool, London (Guildhall), Lynn, Macclesfield, Maidstone, 
 Manchester, Middlesborough, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Newport, Mon., North- 
 ampton, Norwich, Nottingham, Oxford, Paisley, Penzance, Plymouth, 
 Preston, Reading, Eochdale, Salford, Sheffield, Southport, South Shields, 
 Stafford, StirHng, Stockport, Stoke-upon-Trent, Stockton-on-Tees, Swansea, 
 Sunderland, Tynemouth, Walsall, Warrington, Warwick. Wednesbury, 
 West Bromwich, Westminster, Wigan, Willenhall, Winchester, Wolver- 
 hampton, Wrexham. 
 
THE NEWSROOM. 5 
 
 Take a day in these Newsrooms. They open at nine in the 
 morning ; by this time there is a crowd of men and lads 
 round the door— artisans, clerks, labourers, many of them 
 out of employ, waiting to see the advertisements. The N'ews- 
 room either helps them to work or serves as a resource in the 
 weary hours of waiting— a resource cheaper, and in other 
 respects much better, than the tavern. A little later, with 
 the London papers, comes another class — tradesmen and per- 
 sons of small income, to w-hom a pound or other subscription 
 to a Newsroom would be out of the question, but who take 
 the two or three shillings per annum they pay in rates out in 
 reading for themselves and families, which certainly does 
 them no harm ; nay, they enrich themselves at very little 
 cost, and yet leave abundant provision for poorer men behind ; 
 for it should always be remembered in dealing with this 
 matter, that the Library rate is not like the Poor rate and 
 some other taxes, illimitable : it cannot go beyond one penny 
 in the pound, so that each ratepayer can estimate exactly 
 what it will cost him, and judge whether the expense is seri- 
 ous enough to justify opposition to a movement that has re- 
 sulted in benefit wherever it has been permitted. At mid- day 
 the working men crowd in again, giving half the dinner hour 
 to the mind. All day long the rooms are well used, and at 
 night are crowded. Men who otherwise would confine their 
 reading to the Police News, or murder made easy, and similar 
 garbage, get the best of the current literature. The one room 
 in view is used by more than two thousand men daily ; mul- 
 tiply these rooms and the result is incalculable.* The charm 
 of the place is its absolute freedom. While it is used most 
 largely by the poorer classes, yet many of the prosperous are 
 there as well. There is perfect equality, no favour, and no 
 jealousy ; and though used chiefly by the comparatively un- 
 
 * In several towns the rooms used in the day time as Board Schools are 
 used at night as Public Xewsrooms. This is a comparatively inexpensive 
 anode of meeting a great want, and the only objection seems to be that it 
 is likely to injure the business of the smkll beerhouses. 
 
" THE NEWSROOM. 
 
 educated, the order and quietness of fhe place cannot be sur- 
 passed. The Room is handsome, lofty, and well furnished. 
 It is remarked that the men in corduroy are treated as 
 gentlemen, and they behave as such. It is quite possible that 
 a barn in a back-slum would not be so successful : if gin- 
 palaces and the like are brilliant and handsome, why should 
 'the opposition be enamoured of the dingy and the mean ? 
 Provide your free Newsroom in a good thoroughfare, let it be 
 its own invitation, keep it open till ten at night, and it will 
 do more to close objectionable places and break vicious habits 
 than any number of police. In providing the newspapers and 
 periodicals be liberal ; all, or as many of the following as you 
 can afford, wdll be acceptable : — Daily — Times, Pall Mall 
 Gazette, Daily New^s, Standard, Daily Telegraph ; and the 
 Local Papers of course. Weekly — Academy, All the Year 
 Round, Army and l!^avy Gazette, Athenaeum, Australasian, 
 Builder, Chambers's Journal, Civil Service Gazette, Dublin 
 Ereeman, Economist, Engineer, Engineering, Examiner, Fun, 
 Gardener's Chronicle, Harper's Weekly (American), Illus- 
 trated London Kews, Illustrated Times, Graphic, Pictorial 
 World, Mechanic's Magazine, Mining Journal, jSTotes and 
 Queries, Once a Week, Punch, Public Opinion, Saturday 
 Review, Scientific American, Scotsman, Spectator. MontMy 
 — Argosy, Art Journal, Belgravia, Blackwood's Magazine, 
 Cassell's Magazine, Cornhill Magazine, Contemporary Re- 
 view, Fortnightly Review, Eraser's Magazine, Gentleman's 
 Magazine, Good Words, Leisure Hour, London Society, Mac- 
 millan's Magazine, Nature, Nineteenth Century, Philosophical 
 Magazine, Scribner's Monthly. Quarterly — Bibliotheca 
 Sacra, British Quarterly Review, Dublin Review, Edinburgh 
 Review, Journal of the Geological Society, Journal of Micro- 
 scopical Science, London Quarterly Review, Popular Science 
 Review, Quarterly Review, Journal of the Statistical Society, 
 and Westminster Review. 
 
 Beware, unless your funds are A'ery ample, of introducing 
 denominational papers. You may innocently commence with 
 the Guardian, and find, as .the result, that the Record, the- 
 
THE LENDING LIBRARY. 7 
 
 Chnrcli and State Review, the I^onconformist, the Tablet, 
 the Watchman, the Weslejan Times, and other representa- 
 tive papers will be required, even to the Millennial Star and 
 the Pot of Manna. It does not follow because you do not 
 supply professedly religious papers that what you do supply 
 is irreligious. We have now to a very large extent what 
 Dr. Arnold said was the want of his day — not so much articles 
 on religious subjects as articles on common subjects with a 
 decidedly Christian tone. The periodical and newspaper 
 literature of to-day is in this respect a great improvement on 
 the past, and may fairly be rejoiced over. The Christianity 
 that used to be confined to churches and conventicles now 
 runs down our streets, and while it is none the worse for fresh 
 air, the streets are all the better for its presence. 
 
 THE LENDING LIBRARY. 
 
 In the same Newsroom which we have been describing is 
 carried on the Lending Lihrary. From ten in the morning 
 till nine at night persons of all classes pass in and out to 
 borrow, return, or exchange Books, the issue reaching a 
 thousand volumes daily ; a fair proportion being Theology, 
 Philosophy, History, Travel, Art and Science, to a majority 
 of works in Poetry, Fiction, etc.* 
 
 Well, yes. Fiction, though all the statistics unduly exag- 
 gerate this feature ; for the mass of books in History, Art, 
 
 * In a paper read at the " Conference of Librarians," by Mr. P. Cowell, 
 of Liverpool, he mentioned the case of a poor woman who came frequently 
 to the Lending Library to change books, and on one occasion when there 
 was some difficulty in getting just what she wanted, begged very hard for a 
 book, telling the Librarian confidentially that she wanted it for her hus- 
 band ; for, said she, " if I have the house pleasant and a cheerful book for 
 him to read, he stops at home of an evening with me and the children;" she 
 did not go on to say what it meant to her if he had to go to the public- 
 house to spend the evening, how late he came home or in what condition, 
 but much was implied. 
 
o THE LENDING LIBRARY. 
 
 etc., are in one volume, while the mass of novels are in three 
 volumes ; so that the issue of one thousand works in Fiction 
 appears by the side of the issue of one thousand others mag- 
 nified to three times its real size. But taking it at its worst, 
 is it so very serious, after all, that a man who works hard and 
 has plenty of care should be privileged to forget it all for a 
 few hours while on a journey with Swift to Lilliput, with 
 Kingsley Westward Ho ! with the Dodd Family Abroad, 
 with Thackeray, or in Dickens-land ? If the Library did 
 nothing else than give an occasional hour of relief and 
 pleasure to those who have but little of it, it would have done 
 a good work. But it does much more than this. — The 
 highest class of reading is well in demand ; Chaucer, Spenser, 
 Shakespeare, Milton, Locke, Newton, Jeremy Taylor, Dugald 
 Stewart, Robert Hall, Hallam, Macaulay, Carlyle, are 
 rapidly becoming known in a new world — a world they never 
 thought to reach. A blacksmith asks for Euclid, and a 
 batcher complains that the Odyssey is always out. The lads 
 go in for Cooper and Scott and Tom Brown, and keep up a 
 strong demand for Natural History, and the Battles of the 
 British Army and Navy. Austen, Edgeworth, Bremer, and 
 others wait on the lasses : while Mary Howitt and Hans 
 Christian Andersen light up many a dark home and sad young 
 life with glimpses of other worlds and better things. 
 
 In the formation of Lending Libraries it is not necessary or 
 desirable to provide expensive works. These, if bought or 
 given, should be- kept for the Reference Department. If taken 
 home and injured in any way the cost of replacing would 
 make the Library a trouble to the borrower or to his 
 guarantor. A collection of books suitable in every way and 
 for all classes may be obtained at an average cost of half-a- 
 crown a volume ; get Constable's Miscellany, 82 vols. ; 
 Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopa3dia, 132 vols ; Murray's Family 
 Library, 80 vols. ; the Traveller's . Library, 60 vols. ; the 
 Library of Entertaining Knowledge, 43 vols. : the Edin- 
 burgh Cabinet Library, 38 vols. ; Jardine's Naturalist's 
 Library, 40 vols. ; Johnson's Poets, 75 vols. ; Nichol's Poets, 
 
REFERENCE LIBRARY. 9 
 
 42 vols. ; Chambers's Tracts, 20 vols. ; Select Library of Fic- 
 tion, 132 vols. ; Knight's Weekly Volumes, 95 parts ; Bohn's 
 Antiquarian, Ecclesiastical, Historical, Illustrated, Standard, 
 and other Libraries; Weale's Scientific and Educational 
 Series; cheap editions of the writings of Guthrie, F. W. 
 Robertson, Caird, Stanley, Mill, Hume, Gibbon, Goldsmith, 
 Macaulay, Carlyle, Hugh Miller, Austen, Scott, Cooper, 
 James, Dickens, etc. Have sets of the Periodicals — Cham- 
 bers's Journal, Household Words, All the Year Bound, Good 
 Words, Leisure Hour, Once a Week, and the like.* Have, as 
 your means will allow, the cheap popular manuals on Astro- 
 nomy, Botany, Chemistry, Geology, etc., and" you have a 
 Library good enough for a prince, and none too good for your 
 working man. It will occur to an outsider that the sets of 
 Constable, Lardner, etc. are somewhat too old for a modern 
 Library ; but it will be found that though a little old they are 
 by no means obsolete, but still contain the best and in many 
 <3ases the only good concise works on the subjects of which 
 they treat. They are essential for both the Reference and 
 Lending Libraries. It is found that as a rule the books are 
 taken remarkable care of, and that if damaged or lost they 
 are willingly paid for or replaced. At Birmingham, out of an 
 issue of 300,000 volumes in one year, only 20 volumes were 
 lost. 
 
 REFERENCE LIBRARY. 
 
 There is yet another department to notice— the Beference 
 Library. This is not merely a place for dictionaries, atlases, 
 and so on, although, of course, it contains them; but is 
 called the " Reference Library " because the books in it may 
 not be taken away, but must be used on the premises. To 
 many persons, as we have said, a quiet place to read in is 
 more difficult to obtain than books to read. Hence, this 
 department is largely used. Choice and costly works on the 
 F'ine Arts, on Design, on Ornament, on Colour, on Architec- 
 
 * An extended list of desirable Books will be found in Appendix V. 
 
10 rOEMATIOX OF IXSTITUTION. 
 
 ture, on Mecliaiiics, Engineering, and the various Sciences. 
 are here ; and the artisan or mechanic can and does study 
 these and gets quietly the technical education so much talked 
 of. History, Travel, Nature, Law, Poetry, Theology, are- 
 here magnificently illustrated, and their lessons gladly 
 learned. 
 
 It seems impossible to visit these places and see how they 
 are used without expressions of surprise at their success and 
 of enthusiasm in their favour. Booksellers, who feared that 
 they would injure their trade, find that they create a taste for 
 reading, and multiply their customers. Subscription Libra- 
 ries find that the Free Libraries, so far from injuring them, 
 serve as pioneers for them. Persons begin to read when they 
 can get the books for nothing ; the taste once created, they 
 willingly pay for its gratification. 
 
 Presuming that every considerable town in the kingdom 
 will sooner or later adopt an Act bringing in such advantages,, 
 an outline of the methods generally pursued in the formation 
 of such Institutions may be useful. The initiative is seldom 
 taken by the Town Council, or governing body, the members, 
 not being usually as alive to their privileges in this respect as. 
 could be wished. To apprehend and. provide for the needs of 
 the people under their care is specially the province of the 
 local government, and when it fails to do this, it neglects the 
 exercise of its noblest powers. Supposing the local govern- 
 ment to siifier either from timidity or inertia, or to be under 
 the control of persons who make it their business to stifle all 
 that is generous with the rag of pseudo-economy, the custom 
 is to call together the ministers of religion, the teachers of 
 the Sunday and night schools, and all other persons who> 
 desire the well-being and improvement of their fellows ; these, 
 after discussion, memorialize the Council to call the burgesses, 
 together. (See form. Appendix III.) Meanwhile, they collect 
 reports from the various towns having Free Libraries, and 
 publish selections from these reports in the local newspapers^ 
 and in handbills. Soothe the economists by showing them 
 how very little it will cost them per head ; and get round the 
 
THE BUILDIJfG. 11 
 
 gentleman who says lie never reads books— and lias lived all 
 Ms life without Libraries and Newsrooms— and look at him ! 
 They get all the philanthropy and eloquence and truth they 
 can bring to bear on the subject to the meeting, or they fail 
 to get a majority. The natural resistance to new things,, 
 especially if they are good, is always strong ; and carelessness 
 or too much confidence will lose the day. In no place has 
 the Act been adopted without much preparation and en- 
 lightenment through the concert of good and determined 
 men : the Act has been rejected in several places through 
 premature or too hasty action ; but where it has once been 
 adopted, it has never been repented of or rescinded. 
 
 On the adoption of the Act by the Burgesses, the govern- 
 ing body will appropriate, — according as it is generous or 
 otherwise, — a halfpenny or a penny in the pound of its 
 income to the purposes of the Act. It is only fair to say that 
 usually when the Act has once been adopted, the Town Coun- 
 cil, seeing that the thing has to be done, has decided to do it 
 handsomely, and the whole rate has been granted. Then a 
 Committee, consisting half of its own members and half of 
 the scholarly men of the neighbourhood, has been appointed, 
 and permission has been given to borrow money for building 
 on the security of the rate, such money to be paid off by in- 
 stalments out of the yearly income. 
 
 As to the Building. To open with a poor building with a 
 bad entrance in a back street is not the way to ensure success. 
 To get and try to fit-up a private house for the purpose is 
 very likely to be money wasted. A really good site in a 
 populous thoroughfare, and a building of some character and 
 prominence, are as necessary for the success of a Library as 
 for the success of a saloon or a gin-palace. The building 
 should announce itself boldly to be what it is, and should be 
 as inviting and appear as pleasant as the places it is intended 
 to su.persede. A handsome entrance well lighted, with a 
 passage between the entrance and the Reading Room as long 
 as you can get, so as to keep the room quiet ; the room itself 
 should be spacious lofty and well ventilated, lighted from 
 
12 THE BUILDING. 
 
 ijhe roof if a one-story building, or if an upper room, and if 
 a lower room lighted by windows from six to eigbt feet from 
 tlie ground, so as to avoid the disturbance often resulting 
 from view of the street, and also to secure handy wall- space 
 for book-shelves, maps, pictures, and the like. As to the 
 number of rooms, the more rooms, the more difficult the task 
 of oversight, and the greater the number of assistants re- 
 quired. To erect a building of many rooms or several 
 stories, put a Museum in one, a Library in another, and a 
 Newsroom in a third, and to set one man to look after the 
 whole, is not wise, as he will often be required in the three 
 places at once. Have as many rooms as you please, if you 
 can place an officer or two in each ; but as the majority of 
 places which have yet to form Libraries, etc., will have but 
 moderate means, it is worth while to try and point out how 
 to make the most of these. There seems to be no great 
 difficulty in having one good room a Newsroom, Lending and 
 Reference Libraries, and a Museum. {See Plan at front.) 
 
 The borrowers of books, boys, messengers, etc., on this 
 plan only just enter the ante-chamber of the building, and 
 get served ; the readers on the premises pass on into a quieter 
 part, and pursue their studies nndisturbed ; while the whole 
 is under the eye of the Librarian. The floor should be 
 matted, and quietness and cleanliness be very jfirmly but 
 civilly enforced. Let your officers be well-bred men and 
 youths; have no flashy young swells who will treat the 
 poorer borrowers as if they were paupers. Let them under- 
 stand that there is to be no respect of persons ; if additional 
 courtesy and favour are to be shown anywhere they should be 
 to the poorest. There is a power in a fair and courteous 
 administration that is irresistible. If to knowledge, courtesy 
 and firmness, your Librarian can add a sympathy with the 
 men who need information, and a pride in helping them, he 
 will fill a very happy office, and his Libra^ry will be a great 
 ,success. 
 
13 
 
 THE LIBRARY CATALOGUE. 
 
 The mass of borrowers at the Lending Libraries will h& 
 poor people ; the Library will be of little use to them without 
 a Catalogue. This must be had for a few pence or they will 
 not buy it ; it must be simple or they will not be able to use 
 it. The following method has been found to work well : — 
 
 Divide the books into classes, thus — 
 
 A. Theology and Philosophy. 
 
 B. Biography. 
 
 C. History and Travels. 
 
 D. Law, Politics, and Political Economy. 
 
 E. Natural History. 
 
 F. Arts and Sciences. 
 
 G. Poetry and the Drama. 
 H. Fiction. 
 
 I. Miscellaneous. 
 J. Juvenile Books. 
 
 Brevity is necessary to cheapness ; hence you enter each 
 work but once, and then by the word under which it is most 
 likely to be looked for. 
 
 In Theology and Philosophy the name of the author is 
 more important than the subject; hence the A Section is 
 catalogued by itself, and of course alphabetically under the 
 author where the author is given ; and where there is no 
 author, under the title, as — 
 
 Guthrie (J.) Speaking to the Heai-t . 21 A 
 Heaven our Home 85 A 
 
 In Biography, History, Voyages and Travels, the subject 
 of the Biography, and the country or place written of, are spe- 
 cially the subjects of inquiry ; hence these sections should be 
 catalogued under their subjects. In Law, Politics, and Poli- 
 tical Economy, the authors prevail. In Arts, Sciences, and 
 Natural History, the subject. In Fiction, Poetry, etc., the 
 
14 THE LIBRART CATALOGUE. 
 
 author is uppermost again. A specimen of a catalogue after 
 this fashion is appended : — 
 
 Alexander the Great, Life of, by Williams ... IB 
 
 -Ali Pasha, Life of, by Davenport 2 B 
 
 Anne Boleyn, Memoirs of, by Benger 202 B 
 
 Anson (Lord) Life of, by Barrow 200 B 
 
 Apostles, Lives of the, by Cave 44 B 
 
 Bacon (Lord) Life of, by Dixon 370 B 
 
 Bedell (W.) Life of, by Hone 25 B 
 
 Biography of Converts from Christianity, by Crichton . . 52 B 
 Biography of British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, by 
 
 A. Cunningham 114 B 
 
 Vol. 1.— Hogarth. Wilson. Reynolds. Gainsborough. 
 
 Vol. 2.— West. Blake. Opie. Morland. Bird. Fuseli. Barry. 
 
 Vol. 3.— Gibbons. Roubillac. Wilton. Banks. NoUekens. 
 
 Vol. 4.— Wykeham. Jones. Wren. Vanbrugh. Gibbs. Kent. Burlington. 
 
 Chambers. 
 Vol. 5.— Jamesone. Ramsay. Romney. Runciman. Copley. Mortimer. Raeburn. 
 
 Hopner. Owen. Harlow. Bonington. 
 Vol. 6,— Cosway. Allan. Xorthcote. Beaumont. Lawrence. Jackson. Liver- 
 
 seege. Burnot.. 
 Biography, Footprints of Famous Men, by Edgar . . . 15 B 
 
 Printed like it in Brevier and Nonpareil, and in double 
 column, a catalogue of a considerable Library may be sold for 
 a few pence. 
 
 For the Reference Department, where the books are more 
 various and costly, and the readers of a somewhat different 
 class, a fuller catalogue may be given. But here the danger 
 is in attempting too much. The largest and most valuable 
 libraries in England and on the Continent are greatly depre- 
 ciated, so far as usefulness is concerned, by their non-posses- 
 sion of printed catalogues of their w^orks. It is nearly 
 impossible to ascertain what is in them. How greatly the 
 value of the Library at the British Museum would be en- 
 hanced to students and the general public if there existed a 
 |)rinted catalogue of its contents. The truth is that Libra- 
 rians generally in their natural anxiety that the catalogue of 
 their Library shall be an addition to the science of criticism 
 and bibliography, have aimed at so elaborate a description of 
 each work that the catalogue never gets printed, or if printed 
 
THE LIBRARY CATALOGUE. 15 
 
 •costs SO much as to sell at a price quite out of reach of the 
 persons frequenting Free Libraries. 
 
 It would ill become the writer to speak lightly of the valu- 
 able catalogue prepared by Dr. Crestadoro of the Manchester 
 Reference Library, in which the entry of each work gives 
 something like a photograph of the title-page, and adds the 
 number of pages each work contains. All students of biblio- 
 graphy admire this catalogue, but few would have the courage 
 or perseverance to imitate it. The catalogue of the Liverpool* 
 Reference Library is a handsome volume, containing a ^ery 
 able classification of a fine Library; but the costliness of 
 fcoth these works, and the character of the latter, prevent 
 their use to any considerable extent by the common people 
 for whom Free Libraries are specially intended. It is possible 
 to catalogue twenty thousand volumes in such a manner as to 
 show the student or reader at a glance all the works by any 
 author or on any subject wanted. Every book should be 
 entered under its author and under its title, and again 
 under its subject; for instance, Ruskin's Stones of Venice 
 would be entered under " Ruskin," " Venice," and again 
 under " Architecture." Waring's Masterpieces of the Exhihi- 
 Uon would be entered under "Waring," "Exhibition," and 
 again under " Art." Miller's Testimony of the BocJcs would 
 go under " Miller," " Testimony of the Rocks," and " Geo- 
 logy." Warburton's Hochelaga would go under " Warburton," 
 ^' Hochelaga," and again under " Canada." Against these 
 tiiple entries of one work are to be set the works for which 
 one entry would suffice. 
 
 Confine the description of each work to one line, giving 
 only the gist of the title-page and omitting its verbiage. Thus 
 it is possible to catalogue twenty thousand volumes, which 
 would represent about six thousand works, in a very small 
 compass, and print the same at a very small cost. 
 
 The catalogue is in appearance a rough aljohabetical list of 
 books, but possesses in reality all the advantages of a classified 
 catalogue without its embarrassments. A work of the kind 
 * Liverpool has since issued another catalogue. 
 
16 THE LIBEART CATALOGUE. 
 
 will shortly be published, and then the author will probably 
 be punished for his presumption in this matter by the expo- 
 sure of its defects.* 
 
 The writer would guard against the favour which he may 
 be supposed to have for Free Libraries from his official con- 
 nection with them, and would not willingly exaggerate their 
 importance ; but some interest in the matter may fairly be 
 claimed when the results are so evident. Adopt any of the 
 systems of primary education which have been so much dis- 
 cussed of late, and a generation must pass away before their 
 effect can be realized. In the work of Free Libraries you 
 may both sow and live to reap. What are called the lower 
 classes do manage to read to themselves and to one another 
 to a far greater extent than is supposed. It is not uncommon 
 to see one man reading very laboriously and very badly to 
 another man who cannot read at all. Go into the lowest 
 quarters of any great town, and see the number of shops that 
 exist for the sale of cheap periodical literature. These are 
 proof enough of the demand, of the hunger and thirst for 
 information. But what about the supply ? Here you have 
 the " Mysteries of London," and the like, tales of villainy 
 and seduction, thrilling romances, always being "continued 
 in our next." Here you have the great weekly Murdermonger^ 
 four-and-twenty columns of crime and filth for one penny.. 
 Here you. have the HalfjDcnny Holocaust, the largest paper in 
 the world, and all on one side. And the people feed on these 
 for want of knowing better. Turn a pure language upon 
 them, give them a wholesome and pleasant literatare, and the 
 statistics of existing Free Libraries prove that they will both 
 use and value it. Visit the homes of the labouring classes ; 
 the men come home soon after five or six at night, get a wash 
 and their tea. They cannot be expected always to stay at 
 home and nurse the child — where shall they spend their few 
 spare hours pleasantly ? If there are Free JSTewsrooms they 
 go to them ; if not, probably to the public-house ; and who 
 
 * The catalogue referred to, was issued in 1869, and met with most 
 kindly notice from the Athenceitm and other reviewers. 
 
FREE LIBRARIES, ETC. FOR LONDOX. 17 
 
 can fairly blame them ? We mnst have these Free Libraries 
 and Newsrooms in every town. Edinburgh has, to the snr- 
 prise and pain of her admirers, refused to adopt the Act, 
 but she will think better of it yet. Hull, Huddersfield,' 
 Dublin, Belfast, Glasgow and Leeds,* with their large 
 resources ; the great divisions of London— Islington, Maryle- 
 bone, Southwark— and other places have yet to decide in 
 favour of the Libraries Act ; and, benefiting by the ex- 
 perience of those towns which- have preceded them, to do 
 better than them all. There have yet also to arise many wise 
 and generous men who will choose for their life-work and 
 their monument the formation and endowment of Libraries 
 and Reading-rooms— mental and moral hospitals for the 
 nation, and the best means of placing the highest and noblest 
 works of human genius within the reach of the humble and 
 the poor, and of raising and refining our national life. 
 
 FREE LIBRARIES AND NEWSROOMS 
 FOR LONDON. 
 
 It is a serious discredit to the management of the metro- 
 polis that with all its wealth, intelligence, and energy, it 
 is so short of Free Libraries for the People ; great Reading 
 Rooms, where its clerks, artisans, etc., might spend their 
 evenings^in quiet, pleasant and improving study ; and great 
 Lending Libraries, from whence the literature of England, 
 and indeed of the world, can he freely and safely distributed 
 to the homes of the people. It may be supposed that what 
 is found so advantageous in the provinces, would do as much, 
 if not more good in London. 
 
 The British Museum Library is certainly not suitable for 
 popular use, it is and should be rather a Museum of Books 
 than a Library for common use. It is not so much a lounge 
 to sit and read in for pleasure as the final resource for what 
 
 * Glasgow has been splendidly helped to a decision by a gift of some 
 seventy thousand pounds, wherewith to form and endow a Free Libraiy, 
 and Leeds now has the most extensive Free Library system in the kingdom. 
 
 2 
 
18 FREE LIBRARIES AND 
 
 cannot be got elsewhere ; tliat it meets tMs want for tlie 
 nation is sufficient, neither in position or character is it fit to 
 fill the place taken by popular Free Libraries and ISTewsrooms. 
 
 To those who know London it is not very hard to under- 
 stand the causes which have worked against and which still 
 hinder the adoption of the Free Libraries Acts in the 
 metropolitan parishes. It is not so much that London vestry- 
 men are inferior in intelligence, judgment, and public spirit 
 to the town councillors of the provinces, or that the residents 
 of these parishes would not be glad to use the Libraries and 
 ^Newsrooms ; it is rather that the terror of more rates is for 
 certain reasons more overpowering to the Londoner than to 
 the men of the provinces. 
 
 In the provinces the rents of dwelling-houses are so mode- 
 rate that men earning from twenty to sixty shillings per week 
 almost invariably occupy the whole of a house, and only pay 
 for it a rent of from ten to twenty pounds a year, made easy 
 by being taken in weekly instalments. The Library rate is 
 a, penny in the pound per annum on the rent — or from ten to 
 twenty pence in the year, and this again being collected with 
 other rates in two instalments, the payment itself is so small 
 and the mode of payment so easy, and the benefit — i.e., a 
 ^Newsroom for the ratepayer and Books for his family — so 
 great, that no impost is more popular than the Library rate ; 
 and if the Act of Parliament permitted it, many of the pro- 
 vincial towns would gladly raise the rate to twopence in the 
 pound, instead of the penny now granted. 
 
 In London a very large number of clerks, artisans, small 
 shopkeepers, etc. so far from living in houses of small rental, 
 •undertake the heavy charge or care of houses of a value of 
 from forty to seventy, or eighty pounds per annum, and by 
 letting these houses ofi* in portions, manage, if they have good 
 tenants, to live in some portion of the house themselves nearly 
 if not quite rent free ; to these men, burdened with so heavy 
 a rental and paying of course proportionate rates, the very 
 mention of even a penny in the pound increase, is a sound 
 of alarm. Again, speaking generally, men of about equal 
 
NEWSROOMS FOR LONDOI^. 19 
 
 social position in London or Birmingham, will be fonnd to 
 pay vastly different rents and rates. 
 
 Hence the vigorous opposition in Islington, St. Pancras, and 
 other places in London to the adoption of the Free Library Acts. 
 But they have to be adopted in London yet. Grreat wealthy 
 parishes like 
 
 Poplar, with a rental of £500,000 per annum, 
 Shoreditch, „ £350,000 
 
 Marylebone, 
 
 St. Pancras, 
 
 Paddington, 
 
 Strand, 
 
 Westminster, 
 
 Hackney, 
 
 Islington, 
 
 Whitechapel, 
 
 Kensington, 
 
 St. George's 
 
 Chelsea, 
 
 £1,000,000 
 £1,000,000 
 £750,000 
 £450,000 
 £550,000 
 £500,000 
 £850,000 
 £300,000 
 £749,000 
 £800,000 
 £300,000 
 
 may well begin with a halfpenny or even a farthing rate, and 
 have one Library and Newsroom just to show their use. 
 
 The statement that Londoners are more highly assessed for 
 local rates than are the men of the provinces, is disproved 
 by the Parliamentary Report on Local Taxation, which gives 
 the assessment of Marylebone as 3s M and of Birmingham as 
 4s 6d in the pound. 
 
 If Londoners could only see a good Free Libraiy and Kews- 
 room in use in one of their parishes, they wouM not be long 
 without one in every parish. Could the owner of Columbia 
 Market or some such place be induced to give part of a build- 
 ing for the purpose, and a strong Committee be formed, with 
 funds to open and sustain for a year or two a model Newsroom 
 and Free Library, bright, spacious, handsome, well furnished, 
 with abundance of illustrated and popular papers, and a good 
 supply of inexpensive but useful Books, the demand for similar 
 Institutions in other parts would soon be too strong to be 
 resisted, and either by subscription or by rates, or by the two 
 
 2* 
 
20 FREE LIBRARIES FOE 
 
 combined, London would have a score of Free Libraries and 
 Kewsrooms, instead of, I think, one, or at most, two. 
 
 FREE LIBRARIES FOR SMALL TOWNS, VILLAGES, 
 
 ETC. 
 
 By the provisions of the Free Libraries Act of 1866, it is 
 possible for small towns or villages, whose resources would 
 not enable them to organize and sustain a Free Library for 
 themselves, to join by arrangement, and payment of some 
 small sum, the nearest town possessing a Free Library, and 
 have Books from the same, either by sending for them to the 
 central depot, or by having cases of books sent at certain 
 times to some person appointed to receive and issue them at 
 the place where they are required. 
 
 When the great Central Free Library in Birmingham was 
 first opened, so great was the hunger for books, not only in 
 the town but in the surrounding district, that on market day 
 it was found that men and women from the " black country" 
 for many miles round, viz.. West Bromwich, Bilston, Wednes- 
 bury, Willenhall, Dudley, Tipton, and even Wolverhampton,, 
 were not only using the Reference Library and Newsroom 
 which are open to all comers, but were borrowing books to 
 take home for the week : this was a privilege it was intended 
 to reserve for residents in the town ; it seemed hardly fair 
 that Birmingham ratepayers should provide home reading for 
 the surrounding district, and yet it was hard to refuse. 
 
 While, however, the difficulty was being considered, it 
 remedied itself. Experiencing the pleasure of a Free Library 
 in the neighbouring town, the users determined to have one 
 at home ; now all these little towns have Free Libraries and 
 Newsrooms of their own. Sometliing is certainly due to the 
 big town for its example, but more to the pluck and energy of 
 the small towns that followed the lead so well ; no town is so 
 surrounded by such a family of admirable Free Libraries. 
 
 Where this cannot be done, the next best thing is for the 
 small places to avail themselves of the provision referred to- 
 
SMALL TOWXS, VILLAGES, ETC. 21 
 
 •above, and affiliate themselves to the nearest large Free 
 Library. 
 
 An admirable Paper, read by Sir Redmond Barry at tlie 
 first Conference of Librarians, describes how the great Library 
 at Melbourne, Australia, sends out of its wealth of knowledge 
 and pleasure to the small places in its neighbourhood ; and 
 there seems no reason why the Free Libraries in the principal 
 towns of England should not send out their weekly or monthly 
 chests of books to the small towns and villages, there to be 
 issued and looked after by the schoolmaster or some such re- 
 sponsible person — the school-house being used at night, too, as 
 a reading-room — and the whole carried on at a very small cost, 
 such as might be met by a, small vote from the rates. 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBK ARIES ACT (IRELAND), 1855. 
 18 AND 19 Victoria, Cap. XL. 
 The earlier Acts having been repealed are not reprinted here. 
 
 An Act for further promoting the Establishment of Free Public 
 Libraries and Museums in Ireland. [26i7i June, 1855.} 
 
 * Whereas it is expedient to amend the Act of the Sixteenth 
 and Seventeenth Years of Her present Majesty, Chapter One 
 hundred and one, and to give greater facilities for the Establish- 
 ment in Ireland of free Public Libraries and Museums or 
 Schools of Science and Art ;' Be it therefore enacted by the 
 Queen's most Excellent Majestj^ by and Avith the Advice and 
 Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in 
 this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the 
 same, as follows : 
 K) and 17 I. The said Act of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Years of 
 
 and Sec. 99' •^^^' present Majesty, Chapter One hundred and one, and Section 
 of 17 f^^J^ Ninety-nine of the Towns Improvement Act (Ireland), 1854, are 
 repealed. ' hereby repealed ; but such Repeal shall not invalidate or affect 
 anything already done in pursuance of either of such Acts ; 
 and all Public Libraries and Museums established in Ireland 
 under either of those Acts shall be considered as having been 
 established under this Act. 
 Short Title. II. In citing this Act for any purpose whatever it shall be 
 sufficient to use the expression -'The Public Libraries Act 
 (Ireland), 1855." 
 Interpreta- HL In the Construction and for the Purposes of this Act (if 
 not inconsistent with the Context or Subject Matter) the follow- 
 ing Terms shall have the respective Meanings hereinafter 
 assigned to them ; that is to say " Town " shall mean and in- 
 clude any City, Borough, Town, or Place in which Commis- 
 sioners, Trustees, or other Persons have been or shall be elected 
 or appointed under the Act of the Ninth Year of King George 
 the Fourth, Chapter Eighty-two, or the Towns Improve- 
 ment Act (trela/nd), 1854," or any Local or other Act or Acts 
 for paving, flagging, lighting, watching, cleansing, or otherwise 
 improving any City, Borough, Town, or Place, for the Execu- 
 tion of any such Act or Acts, or superintending the Execution 
 
 tion of 
 Terms 
 
APPENDIX. 23 
 
 thereof, and in which there shall not be a Town Council or 
 other such Body elected under the Act of the Third and Fourth 
 Year of Her present Majesty, Chapter One hundred and eight or 
 any other Charter granted in pursuance of such Act or any Act 
 passed for the Amendment thereof; "Town Commissioners" 
 shall mean the Commissioners, Trustees, or other Persons for 
 the Time being elected or appointed under any such first-men- 
 tioned Acts as aforesaid ; " Town Fund " shall mean the Town 
 Fund, or the Rates of Property vested in and under the Control 
 and Direction of any Town Commissioners, and applicable to 
 the Purposes of any such Acts ; " Town Rate " shall mean the 
 Rate or Rates authorized to bo levied by any such Town Com- 
 miasioners ; " Mfeyor" shall include Lord Mayor ; " Clerk" shall 
 mean, as regards an incorporated Borough, the Town Clerk of 
 such Borough, and as regards a Town in which there shall be 
 Town Commissioners, the Clerk appointed by the Town Com- 
 missioners ; " Householder" shall mean a Male Occupier of a 
 Dwelling House, or of any Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments. 
 within any Town or incorporated Borough, and entitled for the 
 Time being to vote at Elections of Commissioners, Aldermen, or 
 Connci Hoi's in any such Town or Borough. 
 
 IV. The Council or Board of Municipal Commissioners of 
 any incorporated Borough in Ireland regulated under the said 
 Act of the Third and Fourth Years of Her present Majesty, 
 Chapter One hundred and eight, or any Charter granted in pur- 
 suance of such Act, or any Act passed for the Amendment 
 thereof, the Population of which according to the then last 
 Census thereof shall exceed Five thousand Persons, or the Town 
 Commissioners of any Town in Ireland having such a Population 
 as aforesaid, may, if they think fit, appoint a Time for a Public 
 Meeting of the Householders of the Borough or Town, as the adopted in 
 case may be, in order to determine whether this Act shall bo J"J'eJ'^^°^°" 
 adopted for the Borough or Town, and Ten Days Notice at Borough or 
 least of the Time, Place, and Object of the Meeting shall *"^ 
 be given by affixing the same on or near the Door of eveiy 
 Church and Chapel within the Borough or Town, and also 
 by advertising the same in One or more of the Newspapers 
 published or circulated within the Borough or Town Seven Days 
 at least before the Day appointed for the Meeting, and if at such 
 Meeting Two-thirds of such Persons as aforesaid then present 
 shall determine that this Act ought to be adopted for the 
 Borough or Town, the same shall thenceforth take effect and 
 come into operation in such Borough or Town, as the case may 
 
24 APPENDIX. 
 
 be, and shall be carried into execution, in accordance with the 
 Laws for the Time being in force relating to the Municipal Cor- 
 poration of such Borough, or relating to such Town. 
 
 Expenses of V. The Expenses incurred in calHng and holding the 
 CRrrvinn" Act* <-?<::' 
 
 into execu- Meeting, wiiether this Act shall be adopted or not, and the Ex- 
 vsdd out of Pdses of carrying this Act into execution in such Borough, shall 
 the Fund of be paid out of the Borough Fund, and in such Town out of the 
 or Town. Town Fund ; and the Council or Board of Municipal Com- 
 missioners, or Town Commissioners, may levy as part of the 
 Borough Rate or Town Rate, as the case may be, or by a 
 separate Rate to be assessed and recovered in like manner 
 as the Borough Rate or Town Rate, all Monies from Time 
 to Time necessary for defraying such Expenses ; and dis- 
 trict Accounts shall be kept of the Receipts, Payments, and 
 Liabilities of the Council with reference to the Execution of 
 this Act. 
 Accounts to VI. Such Accounts shall be audited in the same way as all 
 and senUo other Accounts of such Borough or Town respectively are 
 Lord Lieu-^ audited, and the said Council or Board or Town Commissioners 
 to be depo-' shall, within One Month after the same shall have been audited, 
 opento^ transmit to the Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor or 
 Inspection. Governors of Ireland for the Time being a true and correct 
 Copy of such Accounts ; and shall also within the Time afore- 
 said cause a Copy of such Accounts to be deposited in the 
 Office of the Clerk ; and the said Accounts shall be open to the 
 Inspection of all Householders of such Borough or Town 
 respectively, and Copies thereof shall be delivered to any such 
 Householder applying for the same, upon Payment of a reason- 
 able Charge for the same, to be fixed by the Council or Board or 
 TowTQ Commissioners, as the case may be. 
 Incorpora- VII. The Town Commissioners of every Town adopting this 
 SSionS™f ^^* ^^^^^^ ^^^ *^® Purposes thereof be a Body Corporate, with 
 Towns for perpetual Succession, by the Name of " The Commissioners for 
 of this Act. Bublic Libraries and Museums for the Town of 
 
 in the County of ," and by that Name may sue and 
 
 be sued, and hold and dispose of Lands, and use a Common Seal. 
 
 Rate not to VIII. The Amount of the Rate to be levied in any Borough 
 
 Pemfy in the ^^' Town in any One Year for the purposes of this Act shall not 
 
 Pound, &c. exceed the sum of One Penny in the Pound, and in any such 
 
 Borough shall be assessed, raised, collected, and levied in the 
 
 same manner as the Borough Rate, and in any such Town shall 
 
 be assessed, raised, collected in the same manner as the Town 
 
 Rate. 
 
APPENDIX. 25 
 
 IX. The Council or Board of any Borough and the Town Lands, &p., 
 Commissioners of any Town respectively may from Time to "pp^fT 
 Time, with the approval of Her Majesty's Treasury, appropriate P^iated, pur- 
 f or the purposes of this Act any Lands vested, as the case may be, rented for 
 in a Borough in the Mayor, Alderman, and Burgesses, and in a of^this Act.^* 
 Town in the Town Commissioners, and may also, with such 
 approval, purchase or rent any Lands or any suitable Buildings, 
 
 and the Council or Board and Town Commissioners respectively 
 may, upon any Lands so appropriated, purchased, or rented 
 respectively, erect any Buildings suitable for Public Libraries or 
 Museums or Schools of Science and Art, or both, and may apply, 
 take down, alter, and extend any Buildings for such Purposes, 
 and rebuild, repair, and improve the same respectively, and fit up, 
 furnish, and supply the same respectively, with all requisite 
 Furniture, Fittings, and Conveniences. 
 
 X. The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, shall be Provisions of 
 
 , ^ ., %r. 11/-. 8 and 9 Vict. 
 
 incorporated with this Act ; but the Council or Board, and Com- c. is, incor- 
 
 missioners respectively shall not purchase or take any Lands poiated. 
 otherwise than by Agreement. 
 
 XI. The Council or Board and Commissioners aforesaid ^^gj.'^^'efoid 
 respectively may, with the like approval as is required for the or ex- 
 Purchase of Lands, sell any Lands vested in the Mayor, Alder- ^ ^"^^ ' 
 men, and Burgesses, or Board, or Town Commissioners respec- 
 tively for the Purposes of this Act, or exchange the same for any 
 
 Lands better adapted for the Purposes ; and the Monies to arise 
 from such Sale, or to be received for Equality of Exchange, or a 
 sufficient Part thereof, shall be applied in or towards the Pur- 
 chase of other Lands better adapted for such Purposes. 
 
 XII. The general Management, Regulation, and Control of ^^^^f^^^^^^ 
 such Libmries and Museums or Schools of Science and Art to be vested^ 
 shall be, as to any Borough, vested in and exercised by the ]?oaXoi ^^ 
 Council or Board, and as to any Town, in and by the Town Town^Com- 
 •Commissioners, or such Committee as they respectively may from 
 
 Time to Time appoint, who may from Time to Time purchase 
 •and provide the necessary Fuel, Lighting, and other similar 
 matters, Books, Newspapers, Maps, and Specimens of Art and 
 Science for the Use of the Library or Museum, and cause the 
 same to be bound or repaired, when necessary, and appoint 
 salaried Officers and Servants, and duniss the same, and make 
 Rules and Regulations for the Safety and Use of the Libraries 
 and Museums or Schools of Science and Art, and for the Ad- 
 .mission of Visitors. ^^^^^^ 
 
 XIII. The Lands and Buildings so to be appropriated, pur- propcty of 
 
26 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Library, <fcc., 
 to be vested. 
 
 In case First 
 Meeting de- 
 cide not to 
 adopt Act. 
 
 Museums to 
 "be free. 
 
 Tliis Act to 
 be incoi-po- 
 rated with 
 Local Acts 
 in force in 
 Borough or 
 Town. 
 
 chased, or rented as aforesaid, aud all other Real and Personal 
 Property whatever presented to or purchased for any Library or 
 Museum or School of Science and A^-t established under this 
 Act, shall be vested, in the case of a Borough, in the Mayor, 
 Aldermen, and Burgesses, and in the case of a Town in the 
 Town Commissioners. 
 
 XIV. If any Meeting called as herein-before provided to con- 
 sider as to the Adoption of this Act for any Borough or Town 
 shall determine against such adoption, no Meeting for a similar 
 Puq30se shall be held for the space of One Year at least from 
 the Time of holding the previous Meeting. 
 
 XV. The Admission to all Libraries and Museums established' 
 under this Act shall be open to the Public free of all charge. 
 
 XVI. Upon the coming into operation of this Act in any 
 Borough it shall as regards such Borough be incorporated with 
 the said Act of the Third and Fourth Victoria, Chapter One 
 hundred and eight, and upon the coming into operation of this 
 Act in any Town, it shall, as regards such Town, be incor- 
 porated with the Act or Acts in force therein relating to the 
 Powers and Duties of the Town Commissioners. 
 
 13' and 14 
 Vict. c. 65 
 repealed. 
 
 "PUBLIC LIBRARIES ACT, 1855," [England]. 
 
 18 & 19 Victoria, Cap. LXX. 
 
 An Act for further promoting the Establishment of Eree Public 
 Libraries and Museums in Municipal Towns, and for extending 
 it to Towns governed under Local Improvement Acts, and tO' 
 Parishes. 130th July, 1855.} 
 
 ' Whereas it is expedient to amend and extend the Public 
 Libraries Act, 1850:' Be it therefoi-e enacted by the Queen's 
 most Excellent Majesty, by and with the Advice and Consent of 
 the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present 
 Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the same, as 
 follows : 
 
 I. The Public Libraries Act, 1850, is hereby repealed ; but 
 such Repeal shall not invalidate or affect anything already done 
 in pursuance of the same Act, and all Libraries and Museums 
 established under that Act or the Act thereby repealed shall be 
 considered as having been established under this Act, and the 
 Council of any Borough which may have adopted the said Act 
 of One thousand eight hundred and fifty, or established a Museum. 
 
APPEXDIX. 27 
 
 under the Act thereby repealed, shall have and may use and 
 exercise all the Benefits, Privileges, and Powers given by this 
 Act ; and all Monies which have been borrowed by virtue of the 
 said repealed Acts or either of them, and still remaining unpaid, 
 and the Interest thereof, shall be charged on the Borough Rates, 
 or a Rate to be assessed and recovered in the like manner as a 
 Borough Rate to be made by virtue of this Act. 
 
 ,11. In citing this Act for any Purposes whatever, it shall be Short Titlfe 
 sufficient to use the Expression '' The Public Libraries Act, °^ ^*'*' 
 1855." 
 
 IIL In the construction of this Act the following Words and Interpreta- 
 Expressions shall, unless there be something in the Subject or Srag^ 
 Context repugnant to such Construction, have the following 
 Meanings assigned to them respectively; that is to say " Parish" 
 shall mean every Place maintaining its own Poor; "Vestry" 
 shall mean the Inhabitants of the Parish lawfully assembled in 
 Vestiy, or for any of the Purposes for which Vestries are holden, 
 except in those Parishes in which there is a Select Vestry elected 
 under the Act of the Pifty-ninth Year of King George the Third, 
 Chapter Twelve, or under the Act of the First and Second Years 
 of King William the Fourth, Chapter Sixty, or under the Pro- 
 visions of any Local Act of Parliament for the Government of 
 any Parish by Vestries, in which Parishes it shall rtiean such 
 ^ Select Vestiy, and shall also mean any Body of Persons, by what- 
 ever Name distinguished, acting by virtue of any Act of Parlia- 
 ment, Prescription, Custom or otherwise, as or instead of a Vestry 
 or Select Vestry ; "Ratepayers" shall mean all Persons for the 
 Time being assessed to Rates for the Relief of the Poor of the 
 Parish ; " Overseers of the Poor" shall mean also any Persons 
 authorized and required to make and collect the Rate for the 
 Relief of the Poor of the Paiish, and acting instead of Overseers 
 of the Poor ; " Board " shall mean the Commissioners, Trustees, 
 or other Body of Persons, by whatever Name distinguished, for the 
 Time being in Office and acting in the execution of any Improve- 
 ment Act, being an Act for draining, cleansing, paving, lighting, 
 ■watching, or otherwise improving a Place, or for any of those 
 Purposes; " Improvement Rates" shall mean the Rates, Tolls, 
 Rents, Income, and other Monies whatsoever w^hich, under the 
 Provisions of any such Improvement Act, shall be applicable 
 for the general purposes of such Act. 
 
 IV. The Mayor of any Municipal Borough the Population of Jown^Conn- 
 which, according to the then last Census thereof, shall exceed Boroughs 
 Five Thousand Persons, shall, on the Request of the Town may adopt 
 
28 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 this Act if Council, convene a Public Meeting of the Burgesses of the 
 by Inhabi- Borough, in order to determine whether this Act shall be adopted 
 tants. fQj. the Municipal Borough, and Ten Days Notice at least of the 
 
 Time, Place, and Object of the Meeting shall be given by affixing 
 the same on or near the Door of every Church and Chapel within 
 the Borough, and also by advertising the same in One or more of 
 the Newspapers published or circulated within the Borough, 
 Seven Days at least before the Day appointed for the Meeting ; 
 and if at such Meeting Two-thirds of such Persons as aforesaid 
 then present shall determine that this Act ought to be adopted 
 for the Borough, the same shall thenceforth take effect and come 
 into operation in such Borough, and shall be carried into execu- 
 tion in accordance with the Laws for the Time being in force 
 relating to thel Municipal Corporation of such Borough : Pro- 
 vided always, that the Mayor, or, in his absence, the Chairman 
 of the Meeting, shall cause a Minute to be made of the Resolu- 
 tions of the Meeting, and shall sign the same ; and the Resolu- 
 tions so signed shall be conclusive Evidence that the Meeting 
 was duly convened, and the Vote thereat duly taken, and that 
 the Minute contains a true Account of the Proceedings thereat. 
 Expenses of V. The Expenses incurred in calling and holding the Meet- 
 ActYn"o^exe- ^"S> whether this Act shall be adopted or not, and the Expenses 
 cution in a of carrying this Act into execution in such Borough, may be 
 bepa^doutof paid out of the Borough Fund, and the Council may levy by a 
 F^ nd °^^"^^ separate Rate, to be called a Library Rate, to be made and 
 recoverable in the manner hereinafter provided, all Monies from 
 Time to Time necessary for defraying such Expenses ; and dis- 
 tinct Accounts shall be kept of the Receipts, Payments, and 
 Liabilities of the Council with reference to the Execution of this 
 Act. 
 Board of any VI. The Board of any District, being a Place within the Limits 
 District q£ g^jjy Improvement Act, and having such a Population as afore- 
 
 shall, upon the Requisition in Writing of at least Ten 
 Persons assessed to and paying the Improvement Rate, appoint a 
 
 from 
 
 withlnLimits 
 
 of any Im- said, 
 
 proveaient 
 
 Act may 
 
 A*^t^-^f^d^t • '^^^^® ^^^ ^^^^ *^^^ "^^^ Days nor more than Twenty Days 
 mined by In- the Time of receiving such Requisition for a Public Meeting of 
 habitants. ^-^^ Persons assessed to and paying such Rate in order to deter- 
 mine whether this Act shall be adopted for such District, and 
 Ten Days Notice at least of the Time, Place, and Object of such 
 Meeting shall be given, by affixing the same on or near the Door 
 of every Church and Chapel within the District, and also by 
 advertising the same in One or more of the Newspapers published 
 or circulated within the District, Seven Days at least before the 
 
APPENDIX. '29 
 
 Day appointed for the Meeting- ; and if at such Meeting Two- 
 thirds of such Persons as aforesaid then present shall determine 
 that this Act ought to be adopted for the District, the same 
 shall henceforth take effect, and come into operation in such 
 District, and shall be carried into effect according to the Laws 
 for the Time being in force relating to such Board. 
 
 VII. The Expenses incuiTed in callmg and holding the Expenses of 
 
 Meeting whether this Act shall be adopted or not, and the iS7exect-^ 
 
 Expenses of carrying this Act into execution in any such Dis- *'°" ^^ ^^« 
 
 cliargecl on 
 trict, shall be paid out of the Improvement Rate, and the Board improve- 
 
 may levy as Part of the Improvement Bate, or by a separate ^^^^ ^^^^' 
 Rate to be assessed and recovered in like manner as an Improve- 
 ment Rate, such Sums of Money as shall be from Time to Time 
 necessary for defraying such Expenses ; und the Board shall 
 keep distinct Accounts of their Receipts, Payments, Credits and 
 Liabilities with reference to the Execution of this Act, which 
 Accounts shall bo audited in the same Way as Accounts are 
 directed to be audited under the Improvement Act. 
 
 VIII. Upon the Requisition in Writing of at least Ten Rate- Certain 
 payers of any Parish having such a Population as aforesaid, the j^ay adopt 
 Overseers of the Poor shall appoint a Time, not less than Ten }^}^^ ^||* 
 Days nor more than Twenty Days from the Time of receiving Consent of 
 such requisition, for a Public Meeting of the Ratepayers in order J^,y^q ^^^^^ 
 to detci-mine whether this Act shall be adopted for the Parish ; payers. 
 and Ten Days Notice at least of the Time, Place, and Object of 
 
 the Meeting shall be given by affixing the same on or near the 
 Door of eveiy Church and Chapel within the Parish, and also 
 by advertising the same in One or more of the Newspapers 
 published or circulated within the Parish, Seven Days at least 
 before the Day appointed for the Meeting ; and if at such 
 Meeting Two-thirds of the Ratepayers then present shall deter- 
 mine that this Act ought to be adopted for such Parish, the same The Vestry 
 shall come into operation in such Parish, and the Vestry shall commis- 
 
 forthwith appoint not less than Three nor more than Nine Rate- sioners for 
 
 ^'^ . , , carrying tne 
 
 payers Commissioners for carrying the Act into execution, who Act into exe- 
 
 shall be a Body Corporate by the Name of " The Commissioners ^J^Jj^r'a" 
 
 for Public Libraries and*Mu8eums for the Parish of Body Cor- 
 
 J Borate. 
 in the County of ," and by that name may sue and ^ 
 
 be sued, and hold and dispose of Lands, and use a Common 
 
 Seal : Provided always, that in any Parish where there shall not 
 
 be a greater Population than Eight thousand Inhabitants by the 
 
 then last Census, it shall be lawful for any Ten Ratepayers 
 
 to deliver a Requisition by them signed, and describing their 
 
30 APPENDIX. 
 
 Place of Kesidence, to the Overseers or One of the Overseers of 
 the said Parish, requiring the Votes of the Ratepayers at such 
 Meeting to be taken according to the Provisions of the Act 
 passed in the Fifty-eighth Year of the Reign of King George the 
 Third, Chapter Sixty-nine, and the Votes at such Meeting shall 
 thereupon he taken according to the Provisions of the said last- 
 mentioned Act of Parliament, and not otherwise. 
 One-third of IX. At the Termination of every Year (the Year being reckoned 
 mission^sto ^^om and exclusive of the Day of the First Appointment of 
 
 go out of Commissioners) a Meeting of the Vestrv shall be held, at vrhich 
 
 'Office yearly / o .. ' 
 
 and others Meeting One-third, or as nearly as may be One-third of the 
 
 appointed Commissioners, to be determined by Ballot, shall go out of Office, 
 
 &c. and the Vestry shall appoint other Commissioners in their Place, 
 
 but the outgoing Commissioners may be re-elected ; and the 
 
 Vestry shall fill up eveiy Vacancy among the Commissioners, 
 
 whether occurring by Death, Resignation, or otherwise, as soon 
 
 as possible after the same occurs. 
 
 ■Oeneral and X. The Commissioners shall meet at least once in every Calen- 
 
 jfedings of dar Month, and at such other Times as they think fit, at the 
 
 Commis- Public Library or Museum or some other convenient Place ; and 
 sioners. •' 
 
 any one Commissioner may summon a Special Meeting of the 
 
 Commissioners by giving Three clear Days Notice in Writing to 
 each Commissioner, specifying therein the Purpose for which the 
 Meeting is called ; and no Business shall be transacted at any 
 Meeting of the Commissioners unless at least Two Commissioners 
 shall be present. 
 iMinutes of XI. All Orders and Proceedings of the Commissioners shall 
 of ^Commis- ^® entered in Books to be kept by them for that Purpose, and 
 sioners to he rlmll be signed by the Commissioners or any Two of them ; and 
 Boo^ks. ' all such Orders and Proceedings so entered and purporting to be 
 so signed shall be deemed to be original Orders and Proceedings, 
 and such Books may be produced and read as Evidence of all 
 such Orders and Proceedings upon any judicial Proceeding what- 
 soever. 
 Distinct XII. The Commissioners shall keep distinct and regular Ac- 
 
 he kep?by° counts of their Receipts, Payments, Credits, and Liabilities with 
 Commis- reference to the Execution of this Act, which Accounts shall be 
 duly audited, audited yearly by the Poor-Law Auditor, if the Accounts of the 
 Poor-Rate Expenditure of th« Parish be audited by a Poor-Law 
 Auditor, but if not so audited then by Two Auditors not being 
 Commissioners, who shall be yearly appointed by the^Vestry, and 
 the Auditor or Auditors shall report thereon, but such Report 
 f^hall be laid before the Vestry by the Commissioners. 
 
APPENDIX. 31 
 
 XTII. The Expenses of calling and holding the Meeting of Expenses of 
 the Ratepayers, whether this Act shall be adopted or not, and TcS aify 
 the Expenses of carrying this Act into execution in any Parish, Parish to be 
 to such Amount as shall be from Time to Time sanctioned by fow Kate! 
 the Vestry, shall be paid out of a Rate to be made and recovered 
 in like Manner as a Poor Rate, except that every Person occupy- 
 ing Lands used as Arable, Meadow, or Pasture Ground only, or 
 as Woodlands, or Market Gardens or Nursery Grounds, shall be 
 rated in respect of the same in the Proportion of One-third 
 Part only of the full net annual Value thereof respectively ; the 
 Vestry to be called for the Purpose of sanctioning the Amount 
 shall be convened in the Manner usual in the Parish ; the Amount 
 for the Time being proposed to be raised for such Expenses shall 
 be expressed in the Notice convening the Vestry, and shall be 
 paid, according to the Order of the Vestry, to such Person as 
 shall be appointed by the Commissioners to receive the same : 
 Provided always, that in the Notices requirina: the Payment of 
 the Rate there shall be stated the Proportion which the Amount 
 to be thereby raised for the Purposes of this Act shall bear to 
 the total Amount of the Rate. 
 
 XIV. The Vestiies of any Two or more neighbouring Parishes "Vestries of 
 having according to the then last Census an aggregate Popula- neigh- 
 tion exceeding Eive Thousand Persons may adopt this Act, in louring 
 like manner as if the Popula^on of each of those Parishes ac- may adopt 
 cording to the then last Census exceeded Five Thousand, and ® ^ * 
 may concur in carrying the same into execution in such Parishes 
 for such Time as they shall mutually agree : and such Vestries 
 may decide that a Public Library or Museum, or both, shall be 
 erected in any One of such Parishes, and that the Expenses of 
 carrying this Act into execution with reference to the same shall 
 be borne by such Parishes in such Proportions as such Vestries 
 shall mutually approve ; the Proportion for each of such Parishes 
 of such Expenses shall be paid out of the Monies to be raised 
 for the Relief of the Poor of the same respective Parishes ac- 
 cordingly ; but no more than Three Commissioners shall be 
 appointed for each Parish ; and the Commissioners so appointed 
 for each of such Parishes shall in the Management of the said 
 PubUc Library and Museum form One Body of Commissioners, 
 and shall act accordingly in the execution of this Act ; and the 
 Accounts of the Commissioners shall be examined and reported 
 on by the Auditor or Auditors of such Parishes ; and the surplus 
 Money at the Disposal as aforesaid of such Commissioners shall 
 be paid to the Overseers of such Parishes respectively, in the 
 
32 APPENDIX. 
 
 Proportion in which such Parishes shall be liable to such Ex- 
 penses. 
 Kates levied XV. The Amount of the Kate to be levied in any Borough, 
 OnVpenny^'^ District, or Parish in any One Year for the Purposes of this Act 
 in the shall not exceed the Sum of One Penny in the Pound ; and for 
 
 the Purposes of the Library Rate all the Clauses of the Towns 
 Improvement Clauses Act, 1847. with respect to the Manner of 
 making Rates, to the Appeal to be made against any Rate, and 
 to the Recovery of Rates, shall be incorporated with this Act ; 
 and whenever the Words " Special Act" occur in the Act so in- 
 corporated they shall mean "The Public Libraries Act, 1855 ;" 
 Accounts of the Accounts of the said Board and Commissioners respectively 
 Commis- 'v^it'h reference to the Execution of this Act shall at all reason- 
 sioners to he able Times be open, without Charge, to the Inspection of every 
 Inspection. Person rated to the Improvement Rate or to the Rates for the 
 Relief of the Poor of the Parish, as the Case may be, who may 
 make Copies of or Extracts from such Accounts, without paying 
 for the same ; and in case the Board or the Commissioners, or 
 any of them respectively, or any of their respective Officers or 
 Servants having the Custody of such Accounts, shall not permit 
 the same Accounts to be inspected, or Copies of or Extracts from 
 the same to be made, every Person so offending shall for every 
 such offence forfeit any Sum not exceeding Five Pounds. 
 Power to XVI. Eor carrying this Act into execution the Council, Board,^ 
 
 to laoiTow on or Commissioners respectively may, with the Approval of Her 
 Mortgage. Majesty's Treasury, (and as to the Commissioners, with, the 
 Sanction also of the Vestry and the Poor Law Board,) from 
 Time to Time borrow at Interest on the Security of a Mortgage 
 or Bond of the Borough Fund, or of the Rates levied in pursu- 
 ance of this Act, such Sums of Money as may be by them 
 respectively required ; and the Commissioners for carrying into 
 execution Jthe Act of the Ninth and Tenth Years of Her Ma- 
 jesty, Chapter Eighty, may from Time to Time advance and 
 lend any such sums of Money. 
 Provisions of XVII. The Clauses and Provisions of " The Companies 
 c.*iG, as to^ * Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845," with respect to the borrowing 
 Borrowing, ^f Money on Mortgage or Bond, and the Accountability of 
 this Act. Officers, and the Recovery of Damages and Penalties, so far as 
 such Provisions may respectively be applicable to the Purposes 
 of this Act, shall be respectively incorporated with this Act. 
 Lands, &c., XVIII. The Council of any Borough and the Board of any 
 "ro^rMe^i'" ^i^^rict respectively may from Time to Time, with the Approval 
 purchased or of Her Majesty's Trcasuiy, appropriate "for the Purposes of 
 
APPENDIX. 33 
 
 this Act any Lands vested, as the Case may be, in a Borough, in rented for 
 the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses, and in a District in the S tWs Acf'* 
 Board, and the Council, Board, and Commissioners respectively 
 may also, with such Approval, purchase or rent any Lands or 
 any suitable Buildings ; and tie Council and Board and Commis- 
 sioners respectively may, upon any Lands so appropriated, pur- 
 chased, or rented respectively, erect any Buildings suitable for 
 Public Libraries or Museums, or both, or for Schools for 
 Science or Art, and may apply, take down, alter, and extend 
 any Buildings for such Purposes, and rebuild, repair, and im- 
 prove the same respectively, and fit up, furnish, and supply the 
 same respectively with all requisite Furniture, Fittings, and 
 Conveniences. 
 
 XIX. " The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845," shall be 8 and 9 Vict. 
 incorporated with this Act ; but the Council Board, and Com- poJatJd*^°^" 
 missioners respectively shall not purchase or take any Lands 
 otherwise than by Agreement. 
 
 XX. The Council, Board, and Commissioners aforesaid re- Lands, &c. 
 spectively may, with the like Approval as is required for the ™Yx-^ ^°^'^ 
 Purchase of Lands, sell any Lands vested in the Mayor, Alder- changed. 
 men, and Burgesses, or Board or Commissioners respectively, for 
 
 <fie Purposes of this Act, or exchange the same for any Lands 
 better adapted for the Purposes ; and the Monies to arise from 
 such Sale or to be received for Equality of Exchange, or a suffi- 
 cient part thereof, shall be applied in or towards the Purchase of 
 other Lands better adapted for such Purposes. 
 
 XXI. The general Management, Regulation and Control of General 
 such Libraries and Museums, Schools for Science and Art, shall to'b'e vested 
 be, as to any Borough, vested in and exercised by the Council, i^ Council, 
 and as to any District in and 1 y the Board, and as to any Parish comm'is- 
 or Parishes in and by the Coniiuissioners, or such Committee as s^'"*'"'^- 
 .such Council or Board may from Time to Time appoint, the 
 Members whereof need not be Members of the Council or Board 
 
 or be Commissioners, who may from Time to Time purchase 
 and provide the necessary Fuel, Lighting, and other similar 
 Matters, Books, Newspapers, Maps, and Specimens of Art and 
 Science, for the Use of the Library or Museum, or School, and 
 cause the same to be bound or repaired when necessary, and 
 appoint salaried Officers and Servants, and dismiss the same, 
 and make Rules and Regulations for the Safety and Use of the 
 Libraries and Museums, and Schools, and for the Admission of 
 the Public. 
 
 XXII. The Lands and BuHdings so to be appropriated, pur- Property of 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Library, &c., 
 to be vested 
 in Council, 
 &c. 
 
 If Meeting 
 does not 
 adopt Act, 
 no other 
 Meeting to 
 be held for a 
 Year. 
 
 Act may be 
 adopted in 
 the City of 
 London if 
 Two-thirds 
 of Persons 
 rated to the 
 Consolidated 
 Eate, 
 
 assembled at 
 a PubHc 
 Meeting, 
 assent. 
 
 Museums to 
 he free. 
 
 Extent of 
 Act. 
 
 chased, or rented as aforesaid, and all other Real and Personal 
 Property whatever presented to or purchased for any Library or 
 Museum established under this Act, or School, shall be vested, in 
 the Case of a Borough, in the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses, 
 in the Case of a District in the Board, and in the Case of a 
 Parish or Parishes in the Commissioners. 
 
 XXni. If any Meeting called as aforesaid to determine as to 
 the Adoption of this Act for any Borough, District, or Parish 
 shall determine against the Adoption, no Meeting for a similar 
 Purpose shall be held for the Space of One Year at least from 
 the time of holding the previous Meeting. 
 
 XXIV. The Lord Mayor of the City of London shall, on the 
 Request of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of the 
 City of London, in Common Council assembled, convene a Public 
 Meeting in manner herein-before mentioned of all Persons rated 
 and assessed to the Consolidated Rate in the City of London, in 
 order to determine whether this Act should be adopted in the 
 said City ; and if at such Meeting Two-thirds of such Persons 
 then present shall determine that this Act ought to be adopted 
 for the City of London, the same shall henceforth take effect 
 and come into operation in the City of London, and shall be car- 
 ried into execution in accordance with the Laws for the Time 
 being in force relating to the City of London : Provided always, 
 that the Resolution of such Public Meeting, signed by the Lord. 
 Mayor, shall be reported to the said Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and 
 Commons, in Common Council assembled, and entered on the 
 Minutes thereof, and that such Entry shall be Evidence ; the 
 Expenses incurred in calling and holding the Meeting, whether 
 this Act shall be adopted or not, and the Expenses of carrying 
 this Act into execution in the City of London, shall be paid out 
 of the Consolidated Rate, and the Commissioners of Sewers of 
 the City of London may levy a part of the Consolidated Rate, 
 or, by a separate Rate, to be assessed and recovered in like 
 Manner as the Consolidated Rate, all Monies from Time to 
 Time necessary for defraying such Expenses, and distinct Ac- 
 counts shall be kept of the Receipts, Payments, and Liabilities 
 of the said Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons with reference 
 to the Execution of the Act. 
 
 XXV. The Admission to all Libraries and Museums estab- 
 lished under this Act shall be open to the Public free of all 
 Charge. 
 
 XXVI. This Act shall not extend to Ireland or Scotland. 
 
APPENDIX. 35 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARIES AMENDMENT ACT (ENGLAND 
 AND SCOTLAND), 1866. 
 
 29 AND 30 Victoria, Cap. CXIV. 
 
 An Act to amend the " Public Libraries Act." [10th August, 
 1866.] 
 
 * Whereas it is expedient to amend " The Public Libraries 18 and 19 
 Act, 1855," and to assimilate the Laws relatmg to Public ^^'^*' *'• ^^* 
 Libraries in Englcmd and Scotland ;' Be it therefore enacted by 
 the Queen's most excellent Majesty, by and with the Advice and 
 Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Conunons, in 
 this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the 
 same as follows : 
 
 1 . So much of the Section Fifteen of the said " Public Li- Towns Im- 
 braries Act, 1855," as incorporates with that Act certain Clauses clauses Act 
 of "The Towns Improvement Clauses Act, 1847," shall, so far "o°bSo^u|£. 
 as the same relates to or concerns Municipal Boroughs, be 
 repealed. 
 
 2. Section Five of the said Act, except so much thereof as Part of Sec. 5 
 relates to keeping distinct Accounts, shall be repealed ; and the Act repealed. 
 Expenses incurred in calling and holding the Meeting, whether Expenses of 
 the said Act shall be adopted or not, and the Expenses of carry- Act in 
 ing the said Act into execution in any Municipal Borough, may Je paid^ou? 
 be paid out of the Borough Rate of such Borough, or by and out of Borough 
 of a Rate to be made and recovered in such Borough, in like 
 manner as a Borough Rate may be made and recovered therein, 
 but the Amount so paid in such Borough in any One Year shall 
 not exceed the sum of One Penny in the Pound upon the annual 
 Value of the Property in such Borough rateable to a Borough 
 Rate : Provided always, that nothing in this Act shall interfere 
 -with the Operation of the Act Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth 
 Victoria, Chapter One hundred and eight, so far as it relates to • 
 
 the Collection of a Rate for a Public Library in the City of 
 Oxford. 
 
 3. The Public Meeting mentioned in Section Four of the said Calling o^^ 
 " Public Libraries Act, 1855," shall be called either on the Boroughs. 
 Request of the Town Council, or on the Request in Writing of 
 
 Ten Ratepayers residing in the Borough. 
 
 4. Any Parish, of whatever Population, adjoining any Bo- ^jr^?Jfjf ^^ 
 rough, District, or Parish which shall have adopted or shall Borough, 
 contemplate the Adoption of the said " Public Libraries Act, ^^^^^ 
 1855," may, with the Consent of more than One-half of the adopting 
 
 3* 
 
36 APPENDIX. 
 
 Ratepayers thereof present at a Meeting to be convened in manner 
 directed by the said Act with reference to Meetings of Rate- 
 payers, and with the Consent also of the Town Council of such 
 Borough, or the Board of such District, or the Commissioners of 
 such Parish, as the Case may be, determine that such adjoining 
 Parish shall for the Purposes of the said Act form Part of such 
 Borough, District, or Parish, and thereupon the Vestry of such 
 adjoining Parish shall forthwith appoint Three Ratepayers 
 Commissioners for such Parish, One-third of whom shall go 
 out of OflEice, and the Vacancies be filled up as provided by the 
 said Act with respect to the Commissioners of a Parish, and such 
 Commissioners for the Time being shall for the Purposes of the 
 said Act be considered as Part of such Town Council, Board or 
 Commissioners as the Case may be ; and the Expenses of calling 
 the Meeting, and the Proportion of the Expenses of such adjoin- 
 ing Parish of carrying the said Act into execution, shall be paid 
 out of the Poor Rates thereof to such Person as the Commis- 
 sioners of the said adjoining Parish shall appoint to receive the 
 ' same. 
 
 Majority for 5. The Majority necessary to be obtained for the Adoption of 
 Adoption of ^j^g said Act or "The Public Libraries Act (Scotland), 1854,'^ 
 shall be more than One-half of the Persons present at the Meet- 
 ing, instead of Two-thirds of such Persons as now required. 
 Actappli- 6. "The Public Libraries Act (1855)" and "The Public 
 
 ever Popula- ^i'^J'^^i^s Act {Scotland) (1854)" shall be applicable to any 
 tion may be. Borough, District, or Parish or Biirgh, of whatever Population. 
 17 and 18 7. So much of Section Six of " The Public Libraries Act 
 
 S'g.'t's? {Scotland), 1854," as authorizes the demanding of a Poll, and 
 repealed. Sections Seven and Eight of the said Act, are hereby repealed. 
 If Bur^h 8. If any Meeting called as provided by the said last-mentioned 
 
 nSurther^*' -^^^ ^^^^^ determine against the Adoption of the Act in any 
 Meeting for Burgh, no Meeting for a similar Purpose shall be held for the 
 ' ' Space of One Year at least from the Time of holding the 
 
 previous Meeting. 
 
 Parts of 8 9- The Clauses and Provisions of " The Companies Clauses 
 
 csi^\7^^^' Consolidation (^Scotland) Act (1845)" with respect to the 
 
 exteaded borrowing of Money upon Mortgage or Bond, and the Accounta- 
 
 Vict?c. 64. hility of Officers, and the Recovery of Damages and Penalties, 
 
 so far as such Provisions may respectively be applicable to the 
 
 Purposes of the said " Public Libraries Act (Scotland) (1854)," 
 
 shall be respectively incorporated with that Act. 
 
 A Library, 10. Wherever a Public Museum or Library has been established 
 
 itaMshed^ under any Act relating to Public Libraries or Museums, or shall 
 
APPENDIX. 37 
 
 hereafter be established under either of the said before-mentioned in connexion 
 Acts, a Public Library or Museum, as the Case may be, may at uuseS, &c. 
 any Time be established in connexion therewith without any 
 further Proceedings being taken under the said Acts. 
 
 11. This Act may be cited as " The Public Libraries Amend- Short Title. 
 ment Act {England and Scotland), 1866," and shall be taken to 
 be Part of the said " Public Libraries Act, 1855," and shall be 
 ■construed accordingly. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARIES ACT (SCOTLAND), 1867, 
 
 30 AND 31 Victoria, Cap. XXX VII. 
 
 An Act to amend and consolidate the Public Libraries Acts, 
 (Scotland). [1 5th July, 1867.'] 
 
 ' Whereas it is expedient to amend and consolidate the Public 
 Libraries Acts relating to Scotland, and to give greater faci- 
 lit^s for the Formation and Establishment there of Public ^ 
 
 Libraries, Art Galleries, and Museums :' 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, 
 l)y and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, 
 -and by the Authority of the same, as follows : — 
 
 I. The Public Libraries Act (Scotland), 1854, and so much of ^jj^"^^^;^ 
 the Public Libraries Amendment Act (England and Scotland), and so much 
 •1866, as relates to Scotlomd, are hereby repealed, but such Repeal ^^.^^ J^J^^^ 
 shall not invalidate or affect anything already done in pursuance as relates to 
 of these Acts or either of them, and all Public Libraries and repealed' 
 Museums established in Scotland under these Acts or either of 
 
 them shall be held as coming under the operation of this Act. 
 
 II. In the Construction of this Act the following Words and J°*^^^J^^*- 
 Expressions shall have the Meanings hereby assigned, if not in- Terms, 
 consistent with the Context or Subject Matter ; that is to say. 
 
 The Expression "Burgh" shall mean a Royal Burgh or a 
 Burgh or Town to which Magistrates and Councils were provided 
 by the Act of the Third and Fourth Years of King William the 
 Fourth, Chapter Seventy-seven. 
 
 The Word "District" shall mean a Burgh of Barony, a 
 Burgh of Regality, or any other populous Place, not being a 
 Royal Burgh or a Town or Burgh to which Magistrates and 
 Councils were provided by the said Act of the Third and Fourth 
 
38 APPENDIX. 
 
 Years of King William the Fourth, Chapter Seventy-seven, where 
 any Local or General Police Act is in force. 
 
 The Word "Board" in Parishes shall mean the Parochial 
 Board acting under the Powers and in execution of the Act of 
 the Eighth and Ninth Victoria, Chapter Eighty-three ; and in 
 Districts it shall mean the Commissioners, Trustees, or other 
 Body of Persons, by whatever Name distinguished, for the Time 
 being in Office and acting in execution of any Special, Local, or 
 General Police Act. 
 
 The Word " Householders" in all Burghs shall mean all Per- 
 sons entitled to vote in the Election of Members of Parliament, 
 but in Districts it shall mean all Persons assessed under and for 
 the Purposes of any Local or General Police Act which may be 
 in force therein ; and in Parishes it shall mean all Katepayers 
 under the Act of the Eighth and Ninth Victoria, Chapter Eighty- 
 three. 
 
 The Expression " Police Rates " shall mean the Rates, Tolls, 
 
 Rents, Income, and other Monies whatsoever which under the 
 
 Provisions of any Police Act shall be applicable for the General 
 
 Purposes of such Act. 
 
 Meeting to III. Upon the Requisition in Writing of the Magistrates and 
 
 considering Council or of Ten Householders in any Burgh, District, or 
 
 the Adoption Parish, the Chief or Senior Magistrate of such Burgh, or in the 
 
 of this Act ' ^ ^ ' 
 
 in any case of a District, or Parish, the Sheriff of the County or one of 
 
 McMr^^^' ^^^ Substitutes, shall, within Ten Days after the Receipt of such 
 Parish. Requisition, convene a Meeting of Householders, and preside at 
 
 the same for the Purpose of considering whether this Act shall 
 be adopted for such Burgh, District or Parish, such Meeting to 
 be held in any convenient Place on a Day not less than Twenty- 
 one Days or more than Thirty Days after the Receipt of such 
 Requisition ; and Notice of the Time and Place of such Meet- 
 ing shall be given by affixing the same upon the Doors of the 
 Parish Churches within such Burgh, District, or Parish, and also 
 by advertising the same in at least One Newspaper published or 
 circulated within such Burgh, District or Parish, not less than, 
 Seven Days preceding the Day of Meeting, 
 Act maybe TV. If at such Meeting it shall be determined by a Majority 
 Meeting by ^f Householders present that the Provisions of this Act shall be 
 a Majority, adopted in such Burgh, District, or Parish, then the same shall 
 from thenceforth come into operation therein ; and the Chairman 
 and the Meeting shall cause a Minute to be made of the Resolu- 
 tions of the Meeting, and shall sign the same. 
 Expenses of V. The Expenses incurred in calling and holding such Meet- 
 
APPENDIX. 39 
 
 ing, whether this Act shall be adopted or not, and the Expenses carrying this 
 of carrying this Act into execution when adopted, shall, in the execution in 
 case of a Burgh or District, be paid out of the Police Rate, and S\*^;K^s/°d 
 
 , ^ ' Districts to 
 
 the Magistrates and Council of such Burgh, or the Board of be paid out 
 such District, shall yearly levy as part of the Police Rate, or by Rates! ^^^'^^ 
 a separate Rate, to be made, levied, and recovered by the Magis- 
 trates and Council of such Burgh or the Board of such District 
 in such and the like Manner, from the same Descriptions of 
 Persons and Property, and with and under the like Powers, Pro- 
 yisions, and Exceptions as the General Assessments leviable 
 under the Acts of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Victoria, 
 Chapter Thirty-three (in the Case of Burghs or Districts which 
 on or before the First Day of August, One thousand eight hun- 
 dred and sixty-two, had adopted in whole or in part the^Act of 
 the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Victoria, Chapter Thirty-three), 
 and of the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Victoria, Chapter One 
 hundred and one (in the Case of all other Burghs or Districts), 
 for Police and other Purposes, are authorized to be made, levied, 
 and recovered, and aa if such Magistrates and Council or the 
 Board of such District were Commissioners elected under any of 
 these Acts respectively, and the said Assessments were Part of 
 the General Assessments authorized to be thereby made ; and in 
 the Case of a Parish the Board shall pay the Expenses aforesaid 
 out of a Rate to be made, levied, and recovered in like Manner, 
 and from the same Description of Persons and Property, and 
 with and under the like Powers, Provisions, and Exceptions, as 
 the Poor Rate leviable under the Act of the Eighth and Ninth 
 Victoria, Chapter Eighty -three : Provided always, that nothing 
 herem contained shall prevent the City of Glasgow or any other 
 Place from levying a Rate for the Purposes of this Act, in con- 
 formity with the Provisions of any local Police Act which may 
 for the Time being be in force in said City of Glasgow or other 
 Place. 
 
 VI. The Amount of the Rate to be so levied for the Purposes J^^^^^o^^'®'^ 
 of this Act in any Burgh, District, or Parish in any One Year exceed the^ 
 shall not exceed the Sum of One Penny in the Pound of yearly penny in the 
 Rent, and the Magistrates and Council of any Burgh, or the ^^^JJ^^gnt. 
 Board of any District or Parish, shall provide and keep Books 
 in which shall be entered true and regular Accounts of their 
 Receipts, Payments, and Liabilities with reference to the Execu- 
 tion of this Act, to be called " The Public Libraries Account ;" J^^^^^^'^f the 
 and such Books shall, without Fee or Reward, and at all reason- Magistrates 
 
 -n T 1 1 + ftnd Council, 
 
 able Times, be open to the Inspection of every Person liable to ^^ ^^iq Board 
 
40 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 of any Dis- 
 trict or 
 Parish, to be 
 open to 
 Inspection. 
 
 Power to 
 Council or 
 Board to 
 boiTow on 
 Mortgage or 
 Bond. 
 
 Provisions of 
 8 and 9 Vict. 
 c. 17, as to 
 Borrowing 
 Powers, 
 extended to 
 this Act. 
 
 Boundaries 
 of Burghs, 
 Ac. 
 
 Lands, &c., 
 may be ap- 
 propriated, 
 purcliased, 
 or rented for 
 the Purposes 
 of this Act. 
 
 be assessed by virtue of this Act, wlio respectively may, without 
 paying for the same, take Copies of or make Extracts from such 
 Books ; and in case such Magistrates and Council of any Burgh, 
 or Board of any District or Parish, or any of them respectively, 
 or any of their respective Officers or Servants having the Custody 
 of such Books, shall not permit the same to be inspected, or 
 Copies or Extracts from the Accounts to be made or taken, 
 every Person so offending shall for every such Offence forfeit any 
 Sum not exceeding Five Pounds, such Penalty to be recovered 
 before the Sheriff or Justices of the Peace in like Manner as 
 provided for the Recovery of Small Debts, and to be applied 
 when recovered towards the Purposes of this Act. 
 
 VII. For carrying this Act into execution, the Magistrates 
 and Council of any Burgh, or the Board of any District or 
 Parish^respectively may from Time to Time borrow at Interest 
 on the Security of a Mortgage or Bond of the Rates to be levied 
 in pursuance of this Act, such Sums of Money, to be repaid by 
 yearly Instalments within a Period not exceeding Thirty Years, 
 as may be by them respectively required ; and the Commissioners 
 for carrying into execution the Act of the Ninth and Tenth 
 Victoria, Chapter Eighty, may, with the Consent [of the Com- 
 missioners of her Majesty's Treasury, from Time to Time ad- 
 vance and lend such Sums of Money. 
 
 VIII. The Clauses and Provisions of " The Companies Clauses 
 Consolidation (Scotland) Act, 1845," with respect to the borrow- 
 ing of Money on Mortgage or Bond, and the Accountability of 
 Officers, and the Recovery of Damages and Penalties, so far as 
 such Provisions may respectively be applicable to the Purposes 
 of this Act; shall be held as incorporated with this Act. 
 
 IX. The Boundaries of Burghs and Districts shall be the 
 same as the Boundaries declared for such Burghs and Districts 
 by and for the Purposes of the Acts of the Thirteenth and Four- 
 teenth Victoria, Chapter Thirty-three, and Twenty-fifth and 
 Twenty-sixth Victoria, Chapter One hundred and one, or any 
 Local Police Act which may for the Time being be in force in 
 any such Burghs or Districts. 
 
 X. The Magistrates and Council of any Burgh or the Board 
 of any District or Parish, as the Case may be. may from Time 
 to Time appropriate for the Purposes of this Act any Lands or 
 Buildings vested in them, and also out of the Rates levied or 
 Money borrowed as herein provided, purchase, feu, or rent any 
 Land or any suitable Building, and may upon any Land so ap- 
 propriated, rented, feued, or purchased, erect any Buildings suit- 
 
APPENDIX. 41 
 
 able for Public Libraries, Art Galleries, or Museums, or each 
 respectively, and may alter or extend any Buildings for such 
 Purposes, and repair and improve the same respectively, and fit 
 up, furnish, and supply the same respectively with all requisite 
 Puniiture, Fittings, and Conveniences. 
 
 XI. All the Clauses and Provisions of the " Lands Clauses Certain 
 
 Consolidation Act (Scotland), 1845," with respect to the Pur- aS^Vkt^ 
 
 •chase of Lands by Agreement, and with respect to the Purchase ^- ^^ ^^^°^- 
 ■\r r^ J.- • . -r. ■• , . ,. poratedwith 
 
 Money or Compensation coming to Parties having limited Inte- this Act. 
 
 rests, or prevented from treating, or not making a Title, and also 
 with respect to Conveyances of Lands, so far as the same Clauses 
 and Provisions respectively are applicable to the Cases contem- 
 plated by the last Section, shall be held as incorporated in this 
 Act ; and the Expression " the Special Act," used in the said 
 Clauses and Provisions, shall be construed to mean this Act ; and 
 the Expression " the Promoters of the Undertaking," used in the 
 same Clauses and Provisions, shall be construed to mean the 
 Magistrates and Council of the Burgh or the Board of the Dis- 
 trict or Parish in question. 
 
 XII. The Magistrates and Council of any Burgh and the Lands, Ac, 
 Board of any District or Parish may sell any Land, Buildings, ™Tx-^ ^° 
 or other Property better adapted for the Purposes, and may also changed. 
 sell or exchange any Books, Works of Art, or other Property of 
 
 which there may be Duplicates ; and the Monies to arise from 
 such Sale or Exchange shall be applied for the Purposes of this 
 Act. 
 
 XIII. The Lands and Buildings so to be appropriated, pur- LiSaryf &c., 
 chased, or rented, and all other Beal or Personal Property what- vested in 
 ever presented to or purchased for any Library, Art Gallery, or &c. 
 Museum established under this Act, shall, in the Case of a Burgh, 
 
 he vested in the Magistrates and Council, and in the Case of a 
 District or Parish, in the Board. 
 
 XIV. The Magistrates and Council of any Burgh or the Board ^^^^^^^l^^^^^ 
 
 of any District or Parish where this Act has been adopted, shall, to be vested 
 
 within One Month after its Adoption, and thereafter from Year 5i\tte^°™" 
 
 to Year, in the Case of a Burgh at the First Meeting after the appointed by 
 
 annual Election of Town Councillors, in the Case of a District and Councils 
 
 at the first Meeting after the annual Election of Police Commis- ^^^^^rds 
 
 sioners, and in the Case of a Parish at the First Meeting after of Districts 
 -^ « . , • Ti r 1 or Parishes, 
 
 the annual Meeting for the Election of representative Members 
 
 of the Parochial Board, appoint a Committee, consisting of not 
 
 more than Twenty Members, Half of whom shall be Magistrates 
 
 -And Members of the Council or Members of the Board respec- 
 
42 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Meetings 
 and Chair- 
 man of 
 Committee. 
 
 When 
 
 Meeting de- 
 tei'mine 
 against 
 adoption of 
 Act. 
 
 Art Galleries 
 or Museums 
 may be 
 added. 
 
 Libraries, 
 &c., to be 
 free. 
 
 tively, and the remaining Half shall be chosen by the Council or 
 Board from amongst the Householders not Members of the 
 Council or Board within such Burgh, District, or Parish, as the 
 Case may be, Three to be a Quorum ; and such Committee so- 
 appointed shall have Power, under the Authority of the Magis- 
 trates and Council or Board, as the Case may be, to purchase 
 Books, Newspapers, Reviews, Magazines, and other Periodicals, 
 Statuary, Pictures, Engravings, Maps, and Specimens of Art and 
 Science, for the Establishment, Increase, and Use of such Li- 
 braries, Art Galleries and Museums, and to do all 4;hings neces- 
 sary for keeping the same in a proper state of Preservation and 
 Repair; and such Committee, subject as aforesaid, shall manage,, 
 regulate, and control such Libraries, Art Galleries, and Museums, 
 and shall make Rules and Regulations for the Safety and Use of 
 the same, and shall also have Power to appoint salaried Officers 
 and Servants, to pay aud dismiss them, and from Time to Time 
 to provide the necessary Fuel, Lighting, and other Matters. 
 
 XV. The Committee appointed as aforesaid shall in the Case 
 of a Burgh or District, meet once in every Three Months, or 
 oftener if necessary, and in the Case of a Parish as often as may 
 be necessary, to determine as to any Business connected with such 
 Libraries, Art Galleries, or Museums ; and in the Case of a 
 Bm-gh the Provost, in the Case of a District the senior Magis- 
 trate, and in the case of a Parish the Chairman of the Parochial 
 Board, shall be Chairman of such Committee, and such Chairman 
 shall, in the case of an Equality of Votes, have a Casting Vote 
 in addition to his Vote as an Individual ; but in the Absence of 
 such Chairman, the Meeting shall elect a Chairman who, for the 
 Time being, shall exercise the Privileges of the Chairman ap- 
 pointed under this Act. 
 
 XVI. If any Meeting called as aforesaid to determine as to 
 the Adoption of this Act for any Burgh, District, or Parish shall 
 determine against the Adoption, no Meeting for a similar Purpose 
 shall be held for the Space of Two Years at least from the Time 
 of holding the previous Meeting. 
 
 XVII. Wherever a Public Library has been established under 
 any Acts relating to Public Libraries or Museums, or shall here- 
 after be established under this Act, an Art Gallery or Museum,, 
 as the case may be, may at any Time be established in connec- 
 tion therewith, without any further Proceedings being taken 
 under this Act. 
 
 XVIII. All Libraries, Art Galleries, or Museums established, 
 under this Act shall be open to the Public free of all Charge. 
 
APPENDIX. 43 
 
 XIX. In citing this Act for any Purpose whatever it shall be Short Title. 
 sufficient to use the Expression " The Public Libraries Act 
 (Scotland), 1867." 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARIES ACT (SCOTLAND, 1867) AMEND- 
 MENT ACT, 1871. 
 
 34 AND 35 Victoria, Cap. LIX. 
 
 An Act to amend " The Public Libraries (Scotland) Act, 1867," 
 and to give additional facilities to the Local Authorities en- 
 trusted with carr}'ing the same into execution. 
 
 [SlstJuly, 1871.] 
 
 * Wherkas it is expedient to amend " The Public Libraries Act 
 (Scotland), 1867." and to give additional facilities and powers to 
 the local authorities entrusted with the control, management, 
 and regulation of libraries, museums, and art galleries established 
 under the powers and provisions of said Act, in order to render 
 such libraries, museums, and art galleries of greater utility :' Be 
 it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by 
 and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal, and Commons, in the present Parliament assembled, 
 and by the authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 I. Sections seven and eight of the said •' Public Libraries Act 30 and 3i 
 (Scotland), 1867, are hereby repealed. ™8,^"' 
 
 II. The " Commissioners Clauses Act, 1847," with respect to repekled. 
 the following matters, that is to say, with respect to the liabilities ^^J^Jj^'y^j^j 
 of the Commissioners, and to legal proceedings by or against the c. 16, incoi- 
 Commissioners, and with respect to mortgages to be executed by P°^^ ® • 
 the Commissioners, excepting sections eighty-four, eighty-six, 
 
 and eighty-seven, shall except where expressly varied by this 
 Act, be incorporated with this Act. 
 
 III. The several words and expressions to which by the Interpreta-^ 
 " Commissioners Clauses Act, 1847," partially incorporated with Terms. 
 this Act, meanings are assigned, shall in this Act have the same 
 respective meaning, unless there be something in the subject or 
 context repugnant to such construction : provided always, that 
 
 in the last-recited Act the expression " the special Act" shall 
 mean the first-recited Act and this Act, and the expression the 
 Commissioners shall mean and include the magistrates and 
 council in the case of a burgh, and the board in the case of a 
 
u 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 parish or district, and the committee appointed in terms of tlie 
 first-recited Act, in discharge of their respective duties under the 
 said first-recited Act and this Act. Section three of the Public 
 Libraries Act {Scotland), 1867, shall be read as if the words 
 '• provost, or in his absence the senior magistrate for the time 
 being" were inserted instead of " chief or senior magistrate." 
 
 powers of iy_ The magistrates and council or the board, as the case may 
 
 Limited. be, may, from time to time, borrow at interest on mortgage or 
 bond, on the security of the rates to be levied in pursuance of 
 the first-recited Act and this Act for the purposes thereof, a sum 
 or sums of money not exceeding the capital sum represented by 
 one-fourth part of the library rate of one penny per pound 
 authorized by the first-recited Act capitalized at the rate of 
 twenty years purchase of such sum. 
 
 Fraid°^ v. The magistrates and council or the board, as the case may 
 
 be, are hereby required to set apart annually, as a sinking fund for 
 the extinction of capital sums borrowed under the authority of this 
 Act and the said first-recited Act, a sum equal to at least one- 
 fiftieth part of the money so borrowed, and such sinking fund 
 shall be from time to time applied for the redemption of mort- 
 gages created under the authority of this Act, and to no other 
 purpose whatever, and shall be lodged in any of the banks in 
 Scotland incorporated by Act of Parliament or Koyal Charter, 
 or invested in Government Securities, or lent out at interest in 
 the name and at the discretion of the magistrates and council or 
 the board, as the case may be, until the same be applied for the 
 purposes before specified. 
 
 Estimates to yj_ -phe committee shall, in the month of April in every year, 
 make up, or cause to be made up, an estimate of the sums 
 required in order to defray the interest of any money borrowed, 
 the payment of the sinking fund, and the expense of maintaining 
 and managing all libraries, art galleries, or museums under 
 their control, for the year after Whitsunday then next to come, 
 and for the purpose of purchasing the articles or thing authorized 
 to be purchased by the first-recited Act, for such libraries, art 
 galleries, or museums, and shall report the same to the magis- 
 trates and council in the case of a burgh, or to the board in the 
 case of a parish, for their consideration and approval. 
 
 Annual • VII. The magistrates and council or board, as the case mav 
 
 Expenditure , , , , , 
 
 to be raised be, are hereby empowered and required to levy and assess for the 
 
 nie^^no?" pui-po^es of the first-recited Act and this Act a rate not ex- 
 exceeding ceeding the sum of one penny in the pound of the yearly rental 
 verFoml. of such burgh or district, to cover the sum necessary for the 
 
APPENDIX. 45 
 
 purpose of defraying the interest of any money borrowed, and 
 the payment of the sinking fund, together with such sum or 
 sums as they shall fix as the proper and necessary expenses of 
 maintaining and managing all such libraries, art galleries, or 
 maseums ; and the magistrates and council or board, as the case 
 may be, are also hereby empowered to levy and assess such sum 
 as may be necessary for the purchase of the articles or things 
 authorized to be purchased by the first-recited Act for such 
 libraries, art galleries, or museums : provided always, that the 
 rates so to be levied and assessed shall not exceed the rate 
 authorized by the first-recited Act. 
 
 VIII. The magistrates and council in the case of a burgh, Accounts to 
 and the board in the case of a district, shall cause the accounts of an/pS-^'^ 
 their receipts, payments, and liabilities with reference to the I'^hed annu- 
 execution of the first-recited Act and this Act to be annually * ^* 
 audited by one or more competent auditors not being members 
 of the committee, and which yearly accounts, as soon as the same 
 shall have been audited, shall be signed by two of the magis- 
 trates and council or two members of the board, as the case may 
 be, and shall be printed, and inserted in one or more newspapers 
 published or circulated in the burgh or district. 
 
 JX. It shall be lawful for the committee, subject to the ap- "Power to 
 proval of the magistrates and council or board, as the case may be. Laws. ^^"^ 
 to make bye-laws for regulating all or any matters and things 
 whatsoever connected with the control, management, protection, 
 and use of any property, article, or things vested in them or under 
 their control, for the purposes of the first-recited Act or this 
 Act, and to impose such penalties for breaches of such bye-laws, 
 not exceeding five pounds for each oifence, as may be considered 
 expedient ; and from time to time, as they shall think fit, to 
 repeal, alter, vary, or re-enact any such bye-laws : provided 
 always, that such bye- laws shall not be repugnant to the law of 
 Scotland, and before being acted on shall be signed by a quorum 
 of the committee, and approved of by the magistrates, council, 
 or the board ; and approved of and confirmed by the sheriff", 
 and inserted weekly, for at least two weeks, in a newspaper 
 published or circulated in the district ; and all bye-laws so 
 made, signed, approved of, confirmed, and published shall be 
 observed by and binding on all parties concerned therein : pro- 
 vided also, that such bye-laws shall be so iramcd as to allow the 
 judge before whom any penalty imposed thereby may be sought 
 to be recovered to order a part only of such penalty to be paid,, 
 if such judge shall think fit : provided always, that nothing 
 
46 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 herein contained shall preclude the magistrates and town council 
 or board, as the case may be, from recovering the value of 
 articles or things damaged, or the amount of the damage sus- 
 tained, against all parties liable for the same. 
 Penalties X. All penalties and forfeitures exigible under this Act, and 
 
 feiturestobe ^^^ Acts incorporated wholly or partially herewith, or under any 
 ^covered by bye-law made in pursuance thereof, may be recovered by an 
 ordinary small debt action in the name of the clerk to the com- 
 mittee for the time being, before either the sheriff or justices 
 of the district, and the same shall be payable to the committee, 
 and shall, when recovered, be applied by them for the purposes 
 of this Act, and in any prosecution under this Act an excerpt 
 from the books of the library committee, certified by the librarian 
 or other proper officer, shall be held equivalent to the books of 
 the library committee, and all entries in the books of the 
 library committee, bearing that any book or books mentioned 
 or referred to therein has or have been borrowed by the person 
 complained against, shall be taken and received as evidence of 
 the fact, and the onus prohandi shall be thrown on the party 
 complained against, and, if decree passes against said party, he 
 shall be found liable in costs. 
 
 Actions to be XI. All actions at the instance of the committee shall be 
 
 brought m 
 
 the Name of brought in name of the clerk of committee, and in all actions 
 
 tlifi Clerk of 
 
 the Com- against the committee it shall be sufficient to call the clerk to the 
 
 mittee. committee for the time being as defender, and service on him shall 
 
 be sufficient service, and all actions brought by or against the clerk 
 
 to the committee in his official character shall be continued by or 
 
 against his successors in office without any action of transference. 
 
 Mode of sup- XII. In the event of any vacancy occurring in the committee 
 
 Vacancies in during their term of office by the resignation of any member of 
 
 m^tee hi committee, the magistrates and council or board, as the case may 
 
 Case of Re- be, may, at a meeting thereafter, elect a member of committee 
 
 Death, or i^ place of the member so resigning, provided always that such 
 
 Disability, member so resigning shall give at least fourteen days previous 
 
 notice of his intention so to resign to the clerk, and in the event 
 
 of any vacancy occurring in the committee during their term of 
 
 office by the disability or death of any member of committee, 
 
 the committee shall intimate the same to the town clerk or clerk 
 
 to the board, and the magistrate and council or the board, as 
 
 the case may be, may, at a meeting thereafter, elect a member of 
 
 committee in room and place of the member of committee who 
 
 may have become disqualified or died ; Provided always, that 
 
 no ^proceeding of the Committee shall be invalidated or be 
 
APPENDIX.' 47 
 
 illegal in consequence of there being any vacancy in the number 
 of Committee. 
 
 XIII. It shall be lawful for the Committee, and they are Power to 
 hereby authorized and empowered, to lend out for the purpose of ^^"d out 
 being read by the inhabitants of the district or burgh for which ^°^^^' 
 they are constituted the Books in the Libraiy, or which may be 
 ^purchased for the Library, or any such of them as they may 
 consider proper. 
 
 XIV. The Committee may compile and print catalogues of Power to 
 all articles and things in the Libraries, Art Galleries, or P*^® ^^^ 
 Museums, under their charge, and Eeports of their proceedings cSogues. 
 and sell the same, the proceeds to be applied for the purposes of 
 
 this Act. 
 
 XV. The Committee may lend Books for the use of the Power to 
 inmates of Industrial Schools, Training Ships, Reformatories, Jo'SerS?* 
 Barracks, and other similar institutions established for or in the Institutions. 
 district for which the Library may be constituted. 
 
 XVI. This Act may be cited as " The Public Libraries Act Short Title. 
 (Scotland, 1867,) Amendment Act, 1871." 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARIES ACT (1855) AMENDMENT ACT, 
 1871 [England]. 
 
 34 & 35 Victoria, Cap. LXXL 
 
 An Act to amend the " Public Libraries Act, 1855." 
 
 [U August, 1871.] 
 Whereas it is expedient to amend and extend the Public i8 and 19 
 
 Vict c 70 
 Xibraries Act, 1855, hereinafter referred to as the " principal 
 
 Act :" 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent 
 Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spi- 
 ritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliamenc 
 assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 I. Every Local Board, under the Public Health Act, 1848, and Local Boards 
 ^ / ^ . . , - , . to put prin- 
 
 the Local Government Act, 1858, or either of them, is em- cipaiAct 
 
 powered, in like manner as a board under any Improvement cu*?on!^* 
 Act, to adopt and carry into execution the principal Act. 
 
 II. For the purposes aforesaid, the following words in the Interpreta- 
 principal Act shall have the following extended significations ; Terms. 
 viz., the word " board " shall mean any such local board as afore- 
 said ; the words " improvement rate " shall mean the general 
 district rate levied by any such board ; the word " ratepayers " 
 
48 APPENDIX. 
 
 shall mean all persons assessed to and paying such general dis- 
 trict rate ; the Avord *' district " shall mean the district in which 
 such local board has any authority to levy a general district 
 rate; the term "Improvement Act" shall mean the Local 
 Government Act, 1858. 
 Sec. 15 of III. So much of Section fifteen of the principal Act as refers 
 
 noUo^appfy to the Towns Improvement Clauses Act, 1847, shall not apply 
 to Hates to rates made by local boards under the principal Act ; but 
 Local nothing herein contained shall enable local boards to levy or 
 
 Boards. expend for the purposes of the principal Act any greater sum 
 
 in any year than one penny in the pound. 
 
 Provision as IV. For carrying into execution the principal Act, every such 
 
 by^Locar^"^ local board may borrow upon mortage of the general district 
 
 Boards for j-ate, or any separate rate, to be levied under the principal Act ; 
 
 recited Act. and such borrowing shall be effected in conformity with the 
 
 provisions as to borrowing contained in the Local Government 
 
 Act, 1858, and the Acts incorporated therewith, in lieu of the 
 
 • provisions as to borrowing contained in the principal Act. 
 
 Not to apply V. This Act shall not apply to any district the whole or any 
 
 Districfs."^ part of which is within any municipal borough, or within the 
 
 jurisdiction of commissioners under any Improvement Act. 
 Short Title. VI. This Act may be cited for all purposes as "The Public 
 Libraries Act, 1855, Amendment Act, 1871." 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARIES ACT (1871): AMENDMENT ACT 
 
 1877 [ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND]. 
 
 40 AND 41 Victoria, Cap. 54. 
 
 An Act to amend the "Public Libraries Acts." [14th August, 
 1877.] 
 
 Whereas by the Public Libraries Acts, 18 and 19 Victoria, 
 c. 40, for Ireland ; 29 and 30 Victoria, c. 114, for England ; and 
 30 and 31 Victoria, c. 37, for Scotland, the mode by which the 
 Act is to be adopted is prescribed to be by. public meeting, and 
 it has been found that in many cases a public meeting is a most 
 incorrect and unsatisfactory mode, and fails to indicate the 
 general opinion of the ratepayers, and it is desirable to ascertain 
 these ophiions more correctly : 
 
 Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and 
 with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Tem- 
 
APPENDIX. 49 
 
 poral, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and 
 by the authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 1. It shall be competent for the prescribed local authority in Ratepayers 
 any place or community which has the power to adopt one of the ^^^^^v"^ 
 above recited Acts, to ascertain the opinions of the majority of ascertained 
 the ratepayers either by the prescribed public meeting or by the Papers!"* 
 issue of a voting paper to each ratepayer, and the subsequent 
 collection and scrutiny thereof, and any expense in connexion 
 
 with such voting papers shall be borne in the same way as the 
 expense of a public meeting would be borne, and the decision of 
 the majority so ascertained shall be equally binding. 
 
 2. In addition to the simple vote "Yes" or "No" to the Ratepayers 
 adoption o^ the Act, such voting paper may stipulate that its i^^Jfor^*^' 
 adoption shall be subject to a limitation to some lower rate of modified 
 assessment than the maximum allowed by Act of Parliament in 
 
 force at the time, and such lower limit, if once adopted, shall not 
 be subsequently altered except by public vote similarly taken. 
 
 3. " Ratepayer*' shall mean every inhabitant who would have Definition. 
 to pay the Pree Library assessment in event of the Act being 
 adopted. ♦ 
 
 4. This Act may be cited as " The Public Libraries Amend- Short Title. 
 ment Act, 1877.*' 
 
 MALICIOUS INJURIES TO PROPERTY ACT (1861) 
 [ENGLAND AND IRELAND], 
 
 24th and 25th Victoria, Cap. 97, § 39. 
 
 Whoever shall unlawfully and maliciously destroy or damage 
 any Book, Manuscript, Picture, Print, Statue, Bust or Vase, or 
 any other Article or Thing kept for the purposes of Art, Science, 
 or Literature, or as an Object of Curiosity, in any Museum, 
 Gallery, Cabinet, Library, or other Repository, which Museum, 
 Gallery, Cabinet, Library, or other Repository is either at all 
 Times or from Time to Time open for the Admission of the 
 Public or of any considerable Number of Persons to view the 
 same, either by the Permission of the Proprietor thereof or by 
 the Payment of Money before entering the same, or any Picture, 
 Statue, Monument, or other Memorial of the Dead, Painted 
 Glass, or other Ornament or Work of Art, in any Church, 
 Chapel, Meeting House, or other Place of Divine Worship, or 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 in any Building belonging to the Queen, or to any County, 
 Riding, Division, City, Borough, Poor-Law Union, Parish, or 
 Place, or to any University, or College or Hall of any University, 
 or to any Inn of Court, or in any Street, Square, Churchyard, 
 Burial Ground, . Public Garden or Ground, or any Statue or 
 Monument exposed to Public View, or any Ornament, Railing, or 
 Fence surrounding such Statue or Monument, shall be guilty of 
 a Misdemeanour, and being convicted thereof, shall be liable to 
 be imprisoned for any Term not exceeding Six Months, with or 
 without Hard Labour, and, if a Male under the Age of Sixteen 
 Years, with or without Whipping : provided, that nothing herein 
 contained shall be deemed to affect the Right of any Person to 
 recover, by Action at Law, Damages for the Injury so com- 
 mitted. 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 HULES AND REGULATIONS SUITABLE FOR 
 FREE LIBRARIES, 
 
 With Forms in Use, etc. 
 
 FREE LENDING LIBRARIES. 
 
 RULES AND REGULATIONS. 
 
 1. The Chief Librarian shall have the general charge of the 
 Libraries, and shall be responsible for the safe keeping of the 
 books, and of all other property belonging thereto. 
 
 2. The Newsrooms shall be open to the Public, every day 
 (Sundays, Christmas Day, and Good Friday excepted), from 
 Nine o'clock a.m., to Ten o'clock p.m., and the Library from 
 Ten o'clock a.m., to Nine o'clock p.m. 
 
 3. No person shall be admitted who is in a state of intoxica- 
 tion ; nor shall any audible conversation be permitted in the 
 Rooms ; nor shall any person be allowed to partake of refresh- 
 
APPENDIX. 5J_ 
 
 ments therein. Any person who shall offend against these regu- 
 lations, or shall be guilty of any misconduct, shall not be allowed 
 to remain within the building. 
 
 4. No person shall be allowed to pass within the enclosure of 
 the Libraries, or to take any book from the shelves, except by 
 permission of the Librarian. 
 
 5. Persons enrolled as Burgesses of the Borough of 
 
 shall be entitled to borrow books on their own responsibility. 
 Persons not so em-olled shall be required to obtain the signature 
 of one Burgess to the following voucher, which must be renewed 
 annually : 
 
 "I, the undersigned, being a Burgess of the Borough 
 of , declare that I believe 
 
 Occupation age of No. 
 
 to be a person to whom books may be 
 
 safely entrusted for perusal ; and I hereby undertake to 
 
 replace or to pay the value of any book, belonging to the 
 
 Corporation of , which shall be lost or materially 
 
 injured by the said Borrower." 
 
 Any person having signed this engagement, who shall after- 
 
 wai-ds desire to withdraw from the same, must give notice thereof 
 
 in writing to the Librarian, who will give a release as soon as he 
 
 shall have ascertained that no loss has been incurred. 
 
 This voucher must be delivered to the Librarian three days 
 before the first issue of books to the person recommended. 
 
 6. All books borrowed must be returned to the Librarie? 
 within the time specified on the respective covers, under a penalty 
 of one penny for the whole or any portion of the first week, and 
 one penny for each week or portion of a week afterwards. 
 
 7. The Librarian shall carefully examine, or cause to be ex- 
 amined, each book returned, and if the same be found to have 
 sustained any injuiy or damage, he shall require the person to 
 whom the same was delivered, or his guarantor, to pay the 
 amount of damage or injury done, or otherwise to procure a 
 new copy of the book of equal value, and in the latter case such 
 person shall be entitled to the damaged copy on depositing the 
 new one. 
 
 8. All books borrowed from the Libraries must be returned, 
 irrespective of the time allowed for reading, at the half-yearly 
 dates specified on the printed labels at the beginning of each 
 book ; Borrowers neglecting to comply with this regulation will 
 risk the forfeiture of their privilege of borrowing books. 
 
 9. Borrowers leaving town, or ceasing to use the Libraries, 
 
 4* 
 
52 APPENDIX. 
 
 are requested to return their tickets to the Librarian, in order to 
 have them cancelled, otherwise they and their guarantors will be 
 held responsible for any book taken out i6 their names. 
 
 10. Borrowers, when they change their residence, are required 
 to hand ia their ticket with their present address to the Libra- 
 rian, otherwise they will lose their right of borrowing books. 
 
 11. Borrowers are cautioned against losing their tickets, as 
 they will be held responsible for any book or books that may be 
 taken out of the Libraries in their names. 
 
 12. No Borrower will be allowed to have more than one work 
 at the same time. 
 
 13. No book can be renewed more than once, if required by 
 another Borrower. 
 
 14. No Borrower will be allowed to make use of more than 
 one of the Lending Libraries at the same time. 
 
 15. The Librarian shall have the power to refuse Books to 
 any Borrower who shall neglect to comply with the Rules and 
 Regulations of the Library ; but any person so refused shall 
 have liberty to appeal to the Library Committee. 
 
 16. That the Free Libraries Committee shall not make any 
 dividend, gift, division, or bonus in money, unto or between any 
 of its members. 
 
 By order. 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 EEEEEENCE LIBEAET. 
 
 No person will be allowed to obtain any Book without signing 
 a Reader's Ticket," and such signature shall be taken and con- 
 sidered to be an assent to the Rules and Regulations of the 
 Library. 
 
 Readers giving a false name and address will be held re- 
 sponsible for the consequences. 
 
APPENDIX. 53 
 
 Readers cannot obtain more than one work on the same 
 Ticket. 
 
 It is expressly forbidden to take out of the Reading Room any- 
 Book, Map, Manuscript, or other article belonging to the 
 Library, or to write or make any marks upon the same. 
 
 Readers desirous of proposing Books for addition to the 
 Library, or of making any suggestion as to its management, 
 may do so by writing the same in a Suggestion Book, which is 
 regularly submitted to the Committee for consideration. 
 
 No person will be admitted to the Library who is intoxicated, 
 or in a dirty condition ; nor will any conversation be permitted 
 in the room. 
 
 No person is allowed to pass within the enclosure, except by 
 special permission of the Librarian. 
 
 Persons under fourteen years of age are not admitted to the 
 Reference Library, except for special purposes to be determined 
 by the Librarian. 
 
 The costly Illustrated Works are issued only on ^Titten appli- 
 cation to the Committee. 
 
 Newspapers having been cut, and Illustrated Works disfigured, 
 are in future to be used on the large round Tables near the 
 Desk. Copying is permitted, but not tracing, as this has 
 resulted in damage to the Illustrations. Readers are particu- 
 larly requested not to soil or injure the Illustrations by fingering 
 or laying their hands on them. 
 
 The use of Ink for copying extracts, etc., is not permitted, as 
 serious injury to Plates and Books has resulted therefrom. 
 
54 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
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56 APPENDIX. 
 
 BORROWER'S CARD. Front. 
 
 Branch 
 
 No.- 
 The Bearer 
 
 
 Free Li 
 
 braries. 
 
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 1 
 
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 Not Transferable. 
 
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 is entitled to b 
 
 orrow Books. 
 
 
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 187 . 
 
 
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 1 
 
 BORROWER'S CARD. Bach. 
 
 Free Libraries. 
 
 Regulations of the Lending Department. 
 
 No Book can be issued without the presentation of this Ticket. 
 
 Books lost or injured, while in the possession of Borrowers, must be 
 replaced, or the amount chargeable for their loss or injury, must be paid 
 by the Borrowers or their Guarantors. 
 
 Borrowers detaining Books beyond the time allowed for reading, will 
 be fined One Penny for the whole or any portion of the first week, and 
 One Penny for each week or portion of a week afterwards. 
 
 All Books borrowed from the Library must be returned on or before 
 the Last Tuesday in June and December respectively, on pain of 
 losing the privilege of borrowing in future. 
 
 Any person returning a Book without taking out another at the same 
 time, must leave the Library Ticket with the Librarian until another 
 Book is taken. 
 
 The Lending Departments are open for the delivery and return of 
 Books from Ten o'clock in the Morning until Nine o'clock in the 
 Evening. 
 
 By order. 
 
 Chief Librarian. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 EEFEEENCE LIBEAEY. 
 
 57 
 
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APPENDIX III. 
 
 COPY OF REQUISITION. 
 
 To THE Chairman and Members of the 
 Local Board of Health. 
 
 Whereas by an Act of Parliament passed in the ISth and 
 19th years of Queen Victoria, chapter 70, intituled " The Public 
 Libraries Act, 1855," which Act was amended by another Act 
 passed in the 29th and 30th years of the reign of Queen Victoria, 
 chapter 114, intituled "The Public Libraries Amendment Act, 
 1866," it is provided that " The Board of any District being a 
 place within the limits of any Improvement Act, shall, upon the 
 Requisition in writing of at least ten persons assessed to, and' 
 paying the Improvement Rate, appoint a time not less than ten 
 days nor more than twenty days from the time of receiving such 
 Requisition for a Public Meeting of the persons assessed to and 
 paying such Rate, in order to determine whether these Acts shall 
 be adopted for such District. 
 
 "We, the undersigned, being persons assessed to and paying 
 Rates to the Local Board of Health for the District or Town- 
 ship of , do hereby respectfully request you to call 
 a Meeting of Persons assessed to and paying Rates to your 
 Board, for the purpose of determining whether or not the above- 
 mentioned Acts shall be adopted for such District, in manner 
 provided by the said Acts. 
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 Copy op Resolution passed at a Meeting of Rate- 
 paters held on the 26th December, 1876. 
 
 ** Proposed by Mr. , and seconded hj Mr. , 
 
 that 'The Public Libraries Act, 1855,' be adopted for the Dis- 
 trict of , in the Coimty of , in pursuance 
 of the Acts of Pariiament in that behalf." 
 
69 
 
 APPENDIX Y. 
 
 BOOKS FOR A FEEE LENDING LIBRARY, Ranging 
 IN Pkice from Is to 7s 6d! pek Vol. 
 
 This list is not made upon any Theory of what Books people ought to 
 read, but from experience of which they will read. It is also intended to 
 refer to one volume editions of the works named, as editions in numerous 
 volumes are found to be wasteful and inconvenient for Lending Libraries, 
 though very suitable for the Reference Department. 
 
 Selections from Bohn's Antiquarian, Ecclesiastical, Historical 
 and Standard Libraries, over 100 vols. 
 
 Constable's Miscellany, containing Literature, Science and 
 Arts, History, Voyages and Travels, etc., 82 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh Cabinet Library, containing History, Geo- 
 graphy, Topography, Voyages, etc., 88 vols. 
 
 Jardine's Naturalist's Library (Illustrated), 40 vols. 
 
 Labdner's Cabinet Cyclopedia, containing History, Bio- 
 gi-aphy, Literature, Arts and Sciences, Natural Historj^ and 
 Manufactures, etc., 132 vols. 
 
 Low's Standard Library of Travel and Adventure, 10 or more 
 vols, at 7s 6d 
 
 Library of Entertaining Knowledge, containing Anti- 
 quities, History, Natural History, Topography, Trials, etc., 
 43 vols. 
 
 Murray's Family Library, containing History, Biography, 
 Natural History, Science, Voyages and Travels, etc, 80 vols. 
 
 Weale's Rudimentaries : comprising Science, History, Lan- 
 guages, Grammar, etc. 
 
 Over 100 vols, from Is to 2s per volume. 
 
 Traveller's Library, containing History, Biography, Voy- 
 ages, Travels, Essays, 25 vols. 
 
 Condeb's Modern Traveller, 30 vols. 
 
 Percy Anecdotes, 20 vols. 
 
 Theology, Moral Philosophy, etc. Barnes's Notes on the 
 Scriptures ; Bible Handbook by Angus ; Analogy of Reli- 
 gion by Butler ; " Ecce Homo ;" Paley's Evidences ; Bacon's- 
 
60 APPENDIX. 
 
 Essays ; Lectures published by the Christian Evidence 
 Society, special and popular volumes by Alford, Arnold, 
 Arnot, Bunyan, Beecher, Binney, Caird, Cheever, R. W. 
 Dale, Goulburn, Guthrie, Hamilton, Hanna, Helps, Kings- 
 ley, Landels, MacDonald, MacLeod, Mursell, Newman, 
 Spurgeon ; Trench on the Miracles and Parables ; Sermons, 
 etc. by F. W. Robertson, A. P. Stanley, Talmage, Vaughan, 
 and John Wesley. 
 
 Browne on the Thirty-nine Articles ; Cook's Boston Lectures, 
 Biblical Reason Why; Congregational Lectures by Davidson, 
 Halley, Hamilton, Stowell, Vaughan, Wardlaw, etc., 15 vols. 
 
 Clark's Foreign Theological Library, in numerous vols.; smaller 
 Edition of Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, Conybeare 
 and Howson's St. Paul. 
 
 Logic by Mill, and Logic and Rhetoric by Whately. 
 
 Geography. Physical Geography by Ansted ; Geography by 
 Hughes ; Student's Modem Geography by Bevan ; Beeton's 
 Gazetteers. 
 
 History, etc. Allen's Battles of the British Army ; Fifteen 
 Decisive Battles of the World by Creasy ; Jewish War by 
 Josephus ; Great Battles of the British Army ; Napier's 
 Peninsular War ; Gleig's Waterloo ; the Victoria History 
 of England ; the Student's Hume ; History of England 
 and History of France by J. White ; Green's Short History 
 of the English People ; Manual of English History by 
 Ross ; History of England by Macaulay ; Carlyle's French 
 Revolution ; Irish Rebellion by Maxwell ; Greater Britain 
 by Dilke ; Rise of the Dutch Republic by Motley ; 
 Cassell's History of the Franco-German War; Greece 
 by Smith; Rome by Gibbon, Liddell and Merivale, 
 (Student's Editions); White's Northumberland and the 
 Border, his Month in Yorkshire, and All Round the 
 Wrekin ; Kohl's America ; New America by Dixon ; 
 Africa by Gordon Gumming, Baker, Burton, Du Chaillu, 
 Moffatt, and Livingstone ; Stanley's How I found Living- 
 stone ; Rob Roy Voyages by MacGregor ; Russell's Diary 
 in India ; America, North and South ; The Crimean War 
 by Chambers and Russell ; The Switzers by Dixon ; Arctic 
 Voyages by Dufferin, Hooper, and McClintock ; Knights 
 of the Frozen Sea ; Layard's Nineveh ; Epitome of Alison's 
 Europe ; Student's Hallam ; Voyages of Captain Cook ; 
 Mungo Park ; Boy's Voyage Round the World by Smiles ; 
 Abyssinia by Parkyns ; Dutch at Home by Esquiros ; 
 
APPENDIX. 61 
 
 Australia by Howitt, Kennedy, Lang, Harcus and Sidney ; 
 Canada by Grant, Russell and Marshall ; Letters on 
 England by Esquiros and Louis Blanc ; Eighteen Christian 
 Centuries by White ; India by Capper, Hodson and 
 Ludlow ; Italy by Manning and Vieusseux ; Ride to Khiva 
 by Bumaby ; London by Archer, Burritt, Grant, Green- 
 wood, Leigh Hunt and Timbs; Mexico by Ruxton; 
 New Zealand by Kennedy and Lady Barker ; Norway by 
 Williams ; Russia by Kohl and Edwards ; Scotland by 
 Miller and Ramsay ; Turkey by Creasy and Freeman. 
 BioGBAPHY. — Life of Byron, Burns, Dickens, Lamartine's Cele- 
 brated Characters, Nelson, Wesley, Anne Boleyn, Mary 
 Queen of Scots, Marie Antoinette, Sir W. Scott, Strick- 
 lands' Lives of the Queens of England, Life of Johnson by 
 Boswell, Life of Wellington by Maxwell, Boyhood of Great 
 Men, Life of Cromwell by Carlyle, Smiles' Self-Help and Cha- 
 racter, Industrial Biography, Lives of Engineers by Smiles, 
 Mayhew's London Labour and London Poor, Boyhood of 
 Great Men, Our Exemplars— Men who have Risen ; Lives 
 of King Alfred, Prince Albert, Arnold by Stanley, Lord 
 Bacon by Dixon, Epoch Men by Neil ; Beeton's British Bio- 
 graphy, Great Men by Myers, Actors by Russell, Admirals 
 by Campbell or Tytler, Neptune's Heroes by Adams, Female 
 Artists and Queens of Song by Clayton, Queens of Society 
 and Wits and Beauties by Wharton ; Biographies by Macau- 
 lay, Page, Miss Martineau, and Maunder ; Eminent Soldiers 
 by Mitchell, Representative Men by Emerson. 
 
 Natural Histort by Beeton, Buckland, BufEon (Abridged), 
 Gosse, and Jesse ; Phrenology by Combe, Smaller Edition of • 
 Natural History by Wood, Botany by Balfour, Bentley, and 
 Oliver, Bechstein's Birds, Physiology of Common Life by 
 Lewes. 
 
 King's International Scientific Series, containing works 
 by Bagehot, Bain, Cooke, Tyndall, Vogel, etc., 20 to 30 vols, 
 at 4s and 5s. 
 
 Text Books of Science.— Chemistry, etc., etc., by Bloxam, 
 Bowman, Frankland, Goodeve, Gore, Griffin, Johnston,. 
 Liebig, Maxwell, Miller, Odling, Thorpe, etc. 
 
 Science Primers and Class Books by Airy, Geikie, Huxley, 
 Jevons, Roscoe, etc., issued by Macmillan at Is to 3s 6d. 
 
 Electricity by Faraday, Ferguson, Buckmaster, Tyndall; Electric 
 Telegraph by Lardner ; Lankester's Lectures on Food;. 
 Music bv Hullah, Turle, Taylor, Spencer, etc. ; Astronomy 
 
62 APPENDIX. 
 
 by Airey, Herschel, Lockyer and Proctor; Orr's Circle of 
 the Sciences ; Geology by Ansted, Geikie, Jukes, Kingsley, 
 Lyell, Miller, Page, and Ramsay ; Works on Heat, Light, 
 and Sound, by Tyndall, Proctor, and Buckmaster ; Garden- 
 ing by Beeton, Glenny, Hibberd, and Loudon ; The Useful 
 Metals and their Alloys ; Metallurgy by Gore and Phillips. 
 
 British Manufacturing Industries, edited by Bevan, 10 or 
 more vols, at 3s Gd. 
 
 Arithmetic and Algebra by Colenso, Haddon, Barnard Smith, 
 and Todhunter. 
 
 The Steam Engine and Engineering by Bourne, Fairbaim, Kan- 
 kine, and Tredgold. 
 
 Photography by Hunt, Sutton, and Abney. 
 
 Phonography by Pitman and others. 
 
 Heraldry by Boutell. 
 
 Printing. Johnson's Typographia, and Knight's Old Printer 
 and Modem Press. 
 
 " Things not generally known" and similar books by Timbs. 
 
 Political Economy by Fawcett, J. S. Mill, and Adam Smith. 
 Mill on Liberty ; Speeches by Bright, Disraeli, Gladstone, 
 Lowe ; the English Constitution by Brougham, Creasy, 
 and Earl Russell ; Representative Government by Mill ; 
 Best Form of Government by Cornewall Lewis ; Levi on 
 Taxation. 
 
 !NicnoL''s English Poets, comprising Chaucer, Milton, Spenser, 
 Cowper, Burns, Akenside, etc., 42 vols. 
 
 Albinb Series of English Poets. 
 
 . Johnson's Lives and Works of the British Poets. 
 
 Chandos Classics. Poetry, History and General Literature, 
 containing Shakespeare, Burns, Byron, Scott, Eliza Cook, 
 Pope, Arabian Nights, etc., etc., 48 vols. 2s each. 
 
 Selections from Modern Poets. Browning, Buchanan, 
 Lytton, Longfellow, Lowell, Mackay, Poe, Tennyson, 
 Whittier, Wordsworth. 
 
 Selections from the Dramatists. 
 
 FICTION. 
 
 Bentley's Novels ; about 50 vols, at 6s each. 
 Standard Library (Hurst and Blackett). 
 : Select Library of Fiction, containing 120 to^ 130 vols, at 
 about 2s 6(Z each. 
 
APPENDIX. 63 
 
 Rodtledge's Railway Libkary, about 600 vols, at Is and 2s 
 each. 
 
 Such of the following Authors as are not sufficiently represented 
 in the above sets : — Aguilar, Aimard, Ainsworth, Allcott, 
 Austen, Black, Blackmore, Braddon, Armstrong, Besant 
 and Rice, Bowman, Ballantyne, Bronte, Disraeli, Collins, 
 Cooper, Dickens, Eliot, Gaskell, Holmes, Hughes, James, 
 Lever, Lytton, Macdonald, Kingsley, Marryat, Melville, 
 Mulock, Charles Reade, Mayne Reid, Sala, Scott, Stowe, 
 Thackeray, Troliope, Wilson (Tales of the Borders), 
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