00 55 i-l HE WELFARE OF CHILDREN A Reading List on the Care of Dependent Children Published by tte BROOKLYN, N.'Y., PUBLIC LIBRARY The Welfare of Children UN PUBLISHED BY THE BROOKLYN PUBLIC LIBRARY 1907 The Welfare of Children A Reading List on the Care of Dependent Children SCHEME OF CLASSIFICATION. I. BIBLIOGRAPHIES. II. GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION. III. FACTORS TENDING TO PRODUCE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND DEPENDENCE. a. General. b. Psychological and physical causes and charac- teristics. c. Poverty, tenement and street life. d. Child labor. IV. CARE OF DEPENDENT, DESTITUTE AND NEG- LECTED CHILDREN. V. METHODS OF PREVENTION AND REFORM OF JUVENILE DELINQUENTS. a. General. b. Methods of prevention. 1. Moral training in schools. 2. Clubs and summer camps. 3. Vacation schools and playgrounds. 4. "Fresh air" work. c. Methods of reform. 1. Reformatories. 2. Truant schools. 3. Industrial schools and moral value of manual training. 4. Colonies and farms. 5. Juvenile courts and probation work. PREFATORY NOTE. References to books are arranged alphabetically by authors under headings. References to magazines follow, arranged alphabetically by title of magazine. The abbreviation N. C. C. C. denotes the annual reports of the National Conference of Charities and Correction. I. BIBLIOGRAPHIES. Child study Bibliographies appear annually in Peda- gogical Seminary. Bowne, J. T. Classified bibliography of boy life and or- ganized work with boys. N. Y. Inter- national Committee of Y. M. C. A. 1906. References are taken mainly from "Work with boys" and other special periodicals. Y Folks, Homer Bibliography on the care of destitute, neglected, and delinquent children (in Charities Review, v. 10, 217-20, Jul., 'oo). Care of destitute, neglected and delinquent children. 1902. References at heads of chapters to important, but more or less inacessible sources of information. Forbush, W. B. Bibliography of books and pamphlets re- lating to boys and social work with them. (in his Boy problem. ciQO2. p. 189-200). Henderson. C. R. Bibliography [of poor relief] (in his Modern methods of charity. 1904. p. 689- 702). Houston, Marion Bibliography [of vacation schools and play- grounds] (in Charities, v. 12: 358-60, Apr. 2, '04). Lee, Joseph Constructive and preventive philanthropy. 1902. References at heads of chapters on housing of poor, vacation schools, baths, playgrounds, outings, boys' clubs, industrial training. MacDonald, Bibliography of child study (in United Arthur States Senate Document No. 187. 1905. p. 310-50). Spargo, John Notes and authorities (in his Bitter cry of the children. 1906. p. 307-23). References on underfeeding of children, child labor, etc. Warner, A. G. Bibliographical index (in his American charities. ci894. p. 421-30). Charity and its problems. II. GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION. "Association Boys" ed. by E. M. Robinson, published by International Committee Y. M. C. A., New York. "Association Seminar" pub. monthly by International Y. M. C. A. Training School, Springfield, Mass. Charity Organization Society, 105 E. 22nd St., N. Y. Pub- lishers of Charities and the Commons, a weekly review of philanthropy. There is a special library of 5000 volumes in the building. Many pamphlets not included in this bibliography are available there. Children's Aid Society, C. L. Brace, Secretary, 105 E. 22nd St., N. Y. Annual reports. 1858. Folks, Homer List of juvenile reformatory institutions in the United States, (in his Care of des- titute, neglected and delinquent children. 1902. p. 223-6.) List of pioneer private children's charities in the United States (in his Care of des- titute, neglected and delinquent children. 1902. p. 51-4). Homes and orphan asylums founded prior to 1850. Forbush, W. B. Directory of social organizations for boys (in his Boy problem. ciox>2. p. 179-88). Classified list of all kinds of boys' clubs, giving addresses by which information may be obtained. George Junior Republic, Freeville, N. Y. Annual reports. "How to help boys" see "Work with boys." International Congress for the welfare and protection of chil- dren. Reports of proceedings. Pub. tri- ennially. A European organization. National Conference of Charities and Correction. Annual reports. One of the most valuable sources of information. The volumes from 1890 to date are indexed in this list. National Conference of Charities and Correction. Cumulative index of proceedings, v. 1-33, inclusive. 4 parts. 1907. New York (City) Charity organization society. New York charities directory: a classified and de- scriptive directory to the philanthropic, educational and religious resources of the city of New York. Pub. annually. New York (State). Annual reports of the State Board of Charities. New York (State). Annual reports of the fiscal Supervisor of State Charities. New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Laws of the State of New York and of the United States, relating to children, with notes and references. 1876. N'.w York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Manual of laws of New York State re- lating to children. 1902. National Prison Association of United States. Proceedings. 1874. Pedagogical Seminary ; ed. by G. Stanley Hall. Pub. quar- terly. Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Many articles on various phases of adolescence appear herein. Philadelphia (Pa.) New Century Club. Statutes of every state in the United States concerning de- pendent, neglected and delinquent chil- dren. 1900. State Board of Charities reports of Massachusetts, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin. U. S. Dept. of Commerce and Labor. Bureau of the Census. Special reports : Benevolent institutions. 1904. Statistics and tables concerning orphanages, children's homes and day nurseries. Index of institutions. U. S. Dept. of Commerce and Labor. Bureau of the Census. Special reports: Paupers in almshouses. 1904. Statistics and tables concerning paupers under sixteen years of a ge, p. 38-40, 202-8. "Work with boys"; ed. by W. B. Forbush. Published quar- terly by General Alliance of Workers with Boys, Fall River, Mass. III. FACTORS TENDING TO PRODUCE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND DEPENDENCE. a. General (covering more than one cause). Hunter, Robert The child (in his Poverty. 1905. p. 190- 260). Shows the blighting effect of poverty and child-labor upon the child. Spargo, John Bitter cry of the children. 1906. A graphic presentation of the case of underfed children and child- laborers, including a chapter on remedial measures. Statistical tables, bibliography and many illustrations. Moulder, P. E. Coming race and moral depravity (in Westminster Review, v. 163 : 677-82, Jun. '05). Deals with evil influences surrounding children. b. Psychological and physical causes and characteristics. Buck, Winifred Causes and consequences of criminal acts in children (in her Boys' self-governing clubs. 1903. p. 22-47). Chamberlain, The child and the criminal (in his The A. F. Child. 1901. p. 355-95). Quotes opinions of various authorities on juvenile crime and gives statistical data. Dawson, G. E. Study of youthful degeneracy. Drahms, August The juvenile offender and the reformatories (in his The Criminal. 1900. p. 270-307). Gives statistics of juvenile offenders in various countries and reviews the chief causes of delinquency. Ellis, Havelock The criminal. 1890. p. 210-14. A very brief discussion of the criminal psychology of childhood. Goler, G. W. The juvenile delinquent: causes that pro- duce him; evolution of modern methods for his reformation (in N. C. C. C. 1896. P- 352-67). Hall, G. S. Juvenile faults, immoralities and crimes (in his Adolescence. 1905. v. i, p. 325- 410). A full discussion by a recognized authority. Kellor, F. A. Suggestions for laboratories and child- study (in her Experimental sociology: delinquents. 1901. p. 109-30). Gives full details for the establishment of laboratories for psycho- logical study of children in correctional institutions. Lowry, Arthur The Criminal boy (in Urwick, E. J. Studies of boy life in our cities. .1904. P- 139-73). Mac Donald, Man and abnormal man, including a study Arthur of children (in United States Senate Documents, No. 187. 1905.) Includes tables and diagrams showing results of investigations made with psycho-physical instruments. Morrison, W. D. Juvenile offenders. 1897. p. 1-178. Treats of their physical, mental, parental and economic condition and the relation of age and sex to juvenile crime. Nibecker, F. H. Mental capacity of juvenile delinquents (in N. C. C. C. 1901. p. 262-8.) Oppenheim, Development of the child-criminal (in his Nathan Development of the child. 1902. p. 175- 206). Discusses the various causes of crime. Decides that environment is the most potent factor in producing the child criminal. Rylands, L. G. Crime, its causes and remedy. i88g. p. 35-46. Causes of youthful crime. Warner, A. G. Personal causes of individual degeneration (in his American charities. ci894. p. 59-94). Shows the effect of inherited evil tendencies. Marro, Antonio Influence of puberal development upon the moral character of children (in Ameri- can journal of sociology, v. 5; 193-219, Sept. '99). Gives tabular data. Groszman, Criminality in children (in Arena, v. 22 : M. P. E. 509-25, 644-52. Oct.-Nov. '99). A helpful study of causes and cures. Adams, M. E. Railroads and juvenile crime (in Charities, v. 15: 203-6, Nov. n, '05). Opportunities presented by railroads for juvenile theft. Fouillee, A. Causes of increased juvenile criminality in France (in Chautauquan, v. 25 : 28-32, Apr. '97 ). Lombro:o. Precocity in crime (in Independent, v. 54: Cesare 2136-8. Sept. 4, '02). Relates cases of small criminals of five and six years. Noyes, William The idle boy (in Independent, v. 61 : 330-2, Jun. 2, '06). Maintains that children should be taught to work. Whitman, J. L. Why boys go wrong (in Ladies' Home Journal, v. 23, Nov. '06). A suggestive article for parents, pointing out a few methods by which temptation may be prevented. Lindsey, B. B. Why girls go wrong (in Ladies' Home Journal, v. 24, Jan. '07). Places the blame on parents for insufficient care. Lombroso, Paola Psychology of the pauper child (in Liv- ing Age, v. 225: 601-9, Jun. 9, 'oo.) u 9 Wiltse, S. A. Juvenile bullying (in Outlook, v. 56: 748, Jul. 24, '97). Adams, M. E. Causes of juvenile crime (in Outlook, v. 83: 796-8oi, Aug. 4, '06). c. Poverty, tenement and street life. Adams, M. E. Municipal regulations of street trades (in N. C. C. C. 1904. p. 294-300). Licensing system of various cities. Brace C. L. Dangerous classes of New York and twenty years' work among them. 1872. Work among street children and results obtained by sending them to country homes. Finley, J. H. Child problem in cities (in N. C. C. C. 1891. p. 124-35). Describes conditions surrounding child life in New York, noting attempts toward the solution of the problem. Gunckel, J. E. Boyville, a history of fifteen years' work among newsboys. Toledo Newsboys' As- sociation. 1905. Montague, C. J. Sixty years in waifdom; or, The ragged school movement in English history. 1904. Needham, G. C. Street Arabs and gutter snipes. 1884. Young vagabond life in the great cities, with records of work for their reclamation. Riis, J. A. Children of the poor (in Woods, R. A. & others, Poor in great cities. 1895. p. 86-130). Popularly written description of tenement life and environment. How the other half lives. 1897. p. 179-86, 196-209. The street Arab and the lodging-houses provided for him by the Children's Aid Society in New York. Genesis of the gang (in his Battle with the slum. 1902. p. 227-55). (Also in Atlantic, v. 84: 302-11, Sept. '99). Shows the lawless effect of slum life. 10 Riss, J. A. Our grip on the tomorrow (in his Peril and preservation of the home. 1903. p. 157-90). Shows our responsibility toward the children of the slums, and the various "props" to character which now exist there. Adams, M. E. Children in American street trades (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 25: 437-58, May '05). Newsboys and semi-vagrants and the irregular ways in which they earn their living. Hull, W. I. Children of the other half (in Arena, v. 17: 1039-51, June '97). Tenement surroundings, street life and helping agencies. Flynt, Josiah, Children of the road (in Atlantic, v. 77: pseud. 58-71, Jan. '96). Interesting article on child tramps and the various causes pro- ducing them. Poole, E. Newsboy wanderers are tramps in the mak- ing (in Charities, v. 10: 160-2, Feb. 14, '03). What of the newsboy of the second cities (in Charities, v. 10: 368-71, Apr. n, '03). Investigations carried on in Buffalo regarding street labor. Clark, J. W. Street crap playing (in Charities, v. 17: 684-5, Jan. 12, '07). Statistics of games and players observed in one day in New York and Brooklyn. Nearing, Scott Newsboys at night in Philadelphia (in Charities, v. 17: 778-84, Feb. 2, '07). White, G. S. How combat crap shooting? (in Charities, v. 17: 1044-6, Mar. 9, '07). Butler, E. B. New Jersey children in the street trades (in Charities, v. 17: 1062-4, Mar. 16, '07). Statistical article, pointing out evil effect of street life. II Burke, Thomas Street-trading children of Liverpool (m Contemporary, v. 78: 720-6, Nov. 'oo). Describes scheme of licensing for street-trading children. Van Vorst, Poor children of Paris (in Harper, v. 110: Mrs. John 248-55, Jan. '05). Illustrated. Deals with dependents and ; delinquents. Poole, Ernest Waifs of the street (in McClure, v. 21 : 40-8, May '03). Illustrated article dealing with the irregularity and evil influence of street life. Puffer, J. A. Boys' gangs (in Pedagogical Seminary, v. 12: 175-212, Jun. '05). Goldmark, J. C. Street labor and juvenile delinquency (in Political Science Quarterly, v. 19: 417- 38. Sept. 1904). Deals with newsboys, messengers and peddlers, their hours of work and temptations to mischief. Parental neglect as a cause of hoodlumism (in Popular Science Monthly, v. 52: 267-9, Dec. 9, '97). d. Child labor. This subject has not been covered, for lack of space. We refer to the following bibliography for full information. The subject is being constantly treated in Annals of the American Academy. Library of Congress. List of books (with references to periodicals) relating to child labor; com- piled under direction of A. P. C. Griffin. 1906. American Acad- Child labor; a menace to industry, educa- emy of political tion and good citizenship. 1906. and social sci- ence. A collection of monographs dealing with many phases of the subject. Destitute children (in N. C. C. C. 1003. p. 114-205, 543-8). Articles on various aspects of child labor. 12 3. e F> Friday, L. F. Work and waywardness 17: 636-8, Jan. 5, '07). A study of the influence of the occupation in which the boys are engaged upon their deliquency. Kelley, Florence Some ethical gains through legislation. 1905. p. 3-104. Shows the condition of children in various occupations, points out needed child-labor legislation and proposes a U. S. Commission for children. IV. CARE OF DEPENDENT, DESTITUTE AND NEGLECTED CHILDREN. Alden, L. P. Shady side of the "placing-out" system (in N. C. C. C. 1885. p. 201-10). Boies, H. M. Science of penology. 1901. p. 332-54, 392- 415. Outlines a system of state care of neglected, abandoned, defec- tive, and delinquent children, showing the five classes of institutions required. Chapter on kindergarten and orphanage training. Care of children (in N. C. C. C. 1890. p. 190-213). Articles on: Dependent and delinquent children in this country and abroad, Country homes for dependent children, Children's homes in Ohio. Care of children (in N. C. C. C. 1892. p. 415-27). Articles on: Placing out children, Child and the family, Day nursery work. Child-saving (in N. C. C. C. 1894. p. 119-48, 333-40). Articles on: Removal of ^children from almshouses, Boarding system for neglected children , ~Terrns~"orr TO liiuli childi e^i should be placed in families, State care for dependent children, Day nurseries. Child-saving (in N. C. C. C. 1896. p. 314-41). Articles en: Rescue and relief of children, Institutions for chil- dren, Catholic child-helping agencies in the United States. Child-saving (in N. C. C. C. 1897. P- 87-114). Articles on: Dependent children and family homes, Scope of day nursery work, Jewish child-saving in the United States, Child- saving work of the Humane Societies^ Child-saving work (in N. C. C. C. 1895. p. 197-215). Articles on: Problems of an institution, State supervision of child-caring agencies, Problems of child-saving in New York City, Desertion by parents. 13 Children (in N. C. C. C. 1906. p. 87-149). Articles on: Report of Committee, Full measure of responsibility, Co-ordination of child-helping agencies. Dependent children (in N. C. C. C. 1898. p. 358-92, 460-8). Articles on: Street Arab, Home or the Institution, Duty of the state to dependent children, Interference of a municipality in be- half of its wards, What are proper incentives Jo_refQ.rm, Boy and girl out on furlough. Discussion..^ - [Dependent children] (w"N. C. C. C. 1904. p. 311-49, 521- 3i). Articles on: Boards of children's guardians, Work of one state, Michigan system of child-saving, Visitation of children placed with families, Religious and_ moral training^, Admission of children to orphanages, InstitutionT'CaTe'-fui ^ dependent children, State super- vision of dependent children. Discussion. Destitute and neglected children (in N. C. C. C. 1900. p. 226-46) . Articles on: Some^ recent developments in child-saving, State public school idea at its best, Home-placing, Place of kindergarten in child-saving. Destitute and neglected children (in N. C. C. C. 1901. p. 204-44). Articles on: Neglected children in neglected communities, Child- saving work under state supervision, With and without a state school, County homes of Ohio, etc. Destitute and neglected children (in N. C. C. C. 1902. p. 243-9, 396-417, 440-51). Articles on: Progress of state care of dependent children in the United States, Discussion on destitute children, Distinction between destitute and delinquent children. De Vine, E. T. Breaking up of families (in his Principles of relief. 1904. p. 97-106). Sets forth the principles governing the question as to when children should become dependent on charity. Dependent children (in his Principles of / relief. 1904. p. 107-26). y Points out the influences counteracting the growth of institu- tionalism. Discusses the objections /to institutions and to the plac- ing-out system. Gives three estimates of the cost of sending 1,000 boys West and placing them in homes. Fletcher, Horace That lost waif; or, Social quarantine, a brief. 1898. Advocates an organized "social quarantine" system, to protect children from harmful conditions until they are able to care for themselves. 14 Folks, Homer Care of destitute, neglected, and delinquj children. 1902. Mainly concerned with first two classes. Includes historical sketch of charities for destitute and neglected children and de- scriptions of various systems of relief for the same. Henderson, C. R. Care of dependent children (in his Intro- duction to the study of the dependent, defective and delinquent classes. 1893. p. 69-77)- Brief review of subject, with Letchworth's 17 propositions on child-saving. Modern methods of charity. 1904. Brief accounts of systems of relief for children in United States and other countries. Hill, F. D. Children of the State. 1889. Treats mainly of the boarding-out system in Great Britain, the United States and other countries. International Congress of Charities, Correction and Philan- thropy. Care of dependent, neglected, and wayward children. 1894. A collection of helpful papers presented before the Congress of Charities in Chicago, 1893, Neglected and dependent children (in N. C. C. C. 1899. p. 166-88). Articles on: Care of (above), Dangers of careless methods of placing out children, Relations between their care and education in the home and in the institution. Richmond, M. E. Children (in her Friendly visiting ^mong the poor. 1901. p. 76-94). Shows what may be done for the children in their homes by visitors. Riis, J. A. Waifs of the city's slums (in his How the other half lives. 1897. p. 187-94). Deals with the New York Foundling Asylum and baby-farming. Rylands, L. G. Crime, its causes and remedy. 1889. p. 81-116. Advocates care of all destitute children by the State, and dis- cusses objections. Savage, E. P. Desertion [of children] by parents (in N. C. C. C. 1897- P. 317-28). Gives causes, remedies and statistics. IS Warner. A. G. Dependent children (in his American charities. 1894. p. 202-238, also p. 43, 144)- Deals with foundling asylums, and the questions of admission, guardianship and classification of children in institutions. De- scribes the institutional and the "placing-out" systems of provision. Wines, E. C. State of prisons and of child-saving insti- tutions in the civilized world. 1880. Historical and descriptive accounts of child-saving work in many countries. is, H. A. Relief and care of dependents (in American Journal of Sociology, v. 3 : 777-94, May '98). Reviews laws of various states. ^MacQueary, Schools for dependent children in Illinois T. H. (in American Journal of Sociology, v. 9: i-io, Jul. '03). Kelsey, Carl Importation of dependent children (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 18 : 278-86, Sept. '01). Discusses the practice of sending dependent children outside of their own state into foster homes. Favorable. New Jersey State home for girls (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 25: 199-200, Jan. '05). New York society for the prevention of cruelty to children (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 26: 774-7, Nov. '05). Brief account of its work. Functions of a society to protect children from cruelty (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 27: 458-61, Mar. '06). y* Schindler, Treatment of orphans (in Arena, v. 8 : 657- Solomon 71, Nov. '93). Advantages and defects of orphanage life. Advocates state care of all children as a future possibility. Rules of New York State board regarding dependent chil- dren (in Charities, v. 7: 14-15, Jul. 6, '01 ). 16 J Ufford, W. S. Improvement in institutional care of chil- dren (in Charities, v. 7: 123-9, Aug. 3, '01 ). Discusses possible improvements in home and school treatment and the value of play. Dependent children in New York city (in Charities, v. 7 : 368-74, Nov. 2, '01). Work of Committee on dependent children of the Charity Or- ganization Society. Kelso, J. J. State supervision of children in foster homes (in Charities, v. 7 : 526-8, Dec. 7, 01). Describes Ontario system. Reeder, R. R. Training of children in institutions (in Charities, v. 8: 109-12, 209-11, Feb. i, Mar. i, '02). Suggestions for the development of individuality and self-de- pendence. Tenney, A. A. Care of dependent children in Berlin (in Charities, v. 9: 118-24, 235-42, Aug. 2, Sept. 6, '02). History and full account of Berlin system. Kingsley, S. C. Substitution of family care for institutional care for children (in Charities, v. 10: 387-92, April 18, '03). Shows how change was accomplished by Boston Children's Friend Society and its beneficial results. ^Kinkead, T. L. Institutional care of children (in Charities, v. 10 : 392-6, Apr. 18, '03). Outlines aims, principles, advantages and disadvantages. Crumley, H. L. Orphan children of Georgia (in Charities, v. 10 : 566-8, Jun. 6, '03). Work of orphans' homes. Reeder, R. R. Institutionalism (in Charities, v. n : 7-8, Jul. 4, '03). Graphic description of institution life, showing it to be a com- bination of ''rote, routine, law and coercion, without liberty or individual initiative." ' Reeder, R. R. Good citizens from institution children (in Charities, v. n : 147-54, Aug. 15, '03). ! Suggestive article, showing how to make the institutional life of the child expressive, dynamic and individual. Separation of children from parents (in Charities, v. .11: 490-7, Nov. 28, '03). Discussion by various persons at Massachusetts State Confer- ence. Placing-out work (in Charities, v. n : 505-8, Nov. 28, '03). Discussion of institutional placing-out and the selection of fam- ilies, held at Massachusetts State Conference. Dale, F. D. Foster-children and the shop (in Charities, v. 12: 343-6, Apr. 2, '04). Inter-action of placing out standards and child-labor laws in different states. Reeder, R. R. Country and cottage (in Charities, v. 13: 16-18, 123-4, 364-7, 551-4; 14: 738-47, 885-9; 15: 186-9, 656-8; 16: 215-18; 17: 650-8, 1098-1101; Oct. i, Nov. 5, '04, Jan. 7, Mar. 4, May 6, Jul. i, Nov. 4, '05, Feb. 3, May 5, '06, Jan. 5, Mar. 23, '07). Effect on institution children of a change from congregate hous- ing in the city to cottage housing in the country. Kingsley, S. C. Child-saving and the ^standards of the naturalist (in Charities, v. 13 : 276-8, Dec. 10, '04). Our duty toward the child in the family and the child without a family. Putnam, E. C. Massachusetts state care of children (in Charities, v. 13: 360-4, Jan. 7, '05). Bernstein, L. B. Jewish dependent children (in Charities, v. 16: 262-3, May 26, '06). Boarding-out system. Peiser, Simon Cottage plan in children's institutions (in Charities, v. 16: 263-4, May 26, '06). Care of orphans in England and Germany. r Muensterberg, Impressions of American charity; Chapter xEmil VI, The care of children (in Charities, VV v. 18: 309-404, Jul. 6, '07). i\ Reviews present methods of care of juvenile dependents. 18 Folks, Homer Dependent children < reared in families rather than in institutions (in Charities Review, v. 5: 140-45, Jan. '916). Points out advantages of family life. * Delafield, W. Effect of institution life on childhood (in Charities Review, v. 5: 403-?, Juri. '96). Favorable to institution life, yet suggesting improvement. Heymann, M. Jewish child-saving in the United States (in Charities Review, v. 6: 438-40, Jul. '97). Custody of children (in Charities Review, v. 9: I53~5> J un - '99). Deals with a decision of the New York State Court of Appeals restoring children to their parents after they had been committed to the care of the Children's Aid Society. Foundlings of France (in Charities Review, v. 9: 246-7, Aug. '99). Whereabouts of placed-out children (in Charities Review, v. 10 : 8-9, Mar. J oo). Points out the inadvisability of informing parents where their children are placed out. State care in Massachusetts (in Charities Review, v. 10: 236-7, Aug. 'oo). Waugh, Baby- farming (in Contemporary, v. 57 Benjamin 700-14, May, '90). Exposes the cruelty of the system in England. Barnett, H. O. Home or the barrack for pauper children? (in Contemporary, v. 66: 243-58, Aug. '94). Points out evils of pauper schools in England. Jeune, Mrs. F. Illegitimate children; saving the innocents (in Fortnightly, v. 44: 345-56, Sept. '85). Samuels, Emma Adoption of street Arabs by the State (in Fortnightly, v. 69: 111-18, Jan. '98). English article suggesting the establishment of state schools of various kinds for homeless children.. Low, F. H. Remedy for baby-farming (in Fortnightly, v. 69: 280-6, Feb. '98). Proposes an organization with committee in each town, having a system of registration and inspection of suitable homes. 19 Streeter, W. B. Care of dependent children in Indiana (in Forum, v. 32: 737-46, Feb. '02). Describes the well-organized system of state supervision in force there. Nelson, N. O. Colony of children in New Mexico (in New England Magazine, new series v. 17: 166-9, Oct. '97). A baby community, the children being brought there at the age of five or before and left to grow up amid good surroundings. Cole, W. I. Children's institutions of Boston (in New England Magazine, new series v. 17: 327-41, Nov. '97). Fully illustrated. Brace, C. L. What the cities are doing for the children of the poor (in New England Magazine, v. 25: 63-73, Sept. '01). Mentions briefly the work of various organizations to better the environment of poor children. Gerry, E. T. Cruelty to children (in North American Review, v. 137: 68-75, Jul. '83). Williams, H. S. What shall be done with dependent chil- dren? (in North American Review, v. 164: 404-14, Apr. '97). Maintains that each state should have a complete system of care and supervision. Wright, H. C. State care of dependent children (in North American Review, v. 171: 112-23, Jul. 'oo). Advocates the placing-out of children in private families. Finley, J. H. Problems of children in cities (in Review of Reviews, v. 4: 683-7, Jan. '92). Deals with conditions in New York City, work for the tenement child and the care of children in the charge of the state. Two champions of the children : Elbridge Gerry and his so- ciety; Benjamin Waugh and the British children (in Review of Reviews, v. 4: 689-701, Jan. '92). Societies for the prevention of cruelty to children. V. METHODS OF PREVENTION AND REFORM OF JUVENILE DELINQUENTS. a. General (covering several methods). Boies, H. M. Science of penology. 1901. p. 245-63, 293-4, 332-54- Reviews briefly the systems of treatment of juvenile offenders giving statistics. Outlines a system for state care of presumptive criminals. Brace, C. L. Dangerous classes of New York and twenty years' work among them. 1872. Work among the child criminals and vagrants. Brace, Emma, ed. Life of Charles Loring Brace. 1894. Interesting account of the lifework of the founder of the Chil- dren's Aid Society. Gushing, G. D. Work of societies for the prevention of cruelty to children essential in the pre- vention of crime (in N. C. C. C. 1906. p. 106-11). Delinquent children (in N. C. C. C. 1898. p. 404-80). Articles on: Duty of State to delinquent children, Classification, education, moral and industrial training of juvenile delinquents, Justifiable paroles. Discussion. Francis, V. H. Delinquent girl (in N. C. C. C. 1906. p. 138-45). Gunckel, J. E. Boyville, a history of fifteen years' work among newsboys. Toledo Newsboys' As- sociation. 1905). Henderson, C. R. Modern methods of charity. 1904. Brief accounts of preventive and reformatory measures in the United States and other countries. International Congress of Charities, Correction and Philan- thropy. Care of dependent, neglected and wayward children. 1894. p. 100-28. Articles on: Value of discrimination in dealing with juvenile offenders, Family life for wayward children. 2A 21 Juvenile delinquents (in N. C. C. C. 1903. p. 206-44, 5i3-2i). Articles on: Reformation of juvenile delinquents through the juvenile courts, Reforming delinquent children, The Street boy who he is and what to do with him. Juvenile reform (in N. C. C. C. 1896. p. 342-67). Articles on: Use of libraries in reformatory work, Scholastic and industrial education, The Juvenile delinquent, evolution of modern methods for his reformation. Juvenile reformation (in N. C. C. C. 1895. p. 216-44). Articles on: Influence of children in their homes after institu- tion life, Remedial work in behalf of our youth, Obligations of the state to juvenile delinquents. Lee, Joseph. Constructive and preventive philanthropy. 1902. Broad in scope. Includes the home, vacation schools, baths, playgrounds, outings, boys' clubs, industrial training. References at heads of chapters. Morrison, W. D. Juvenile offenders. 1897. p. 179-317. Deals with treatment of juvenile crime by admonition, fining, corporal punishment, imprisonment and corrective institutions. Pattengill, H. R. That ounce of prevention (in N. C. C. C. 1899. p. 326-30). Deals with home, school, reading, etc., as preventives of crime. Tallack, William. Neglected youth and juvenile delinquency (in his Penological and preventive prin- ciples. 1889. p. 349-84). Methods of reform in Great Britain. Wines, E. C. State of prisons and of child-saving insti- tutions in the civilized world. 1880. Historical and descriptive accounts of child-saving work in many countries. Zueblin, Charles. Public recreation (in his American muni- ilfffS* Swill- I? cipal progress. 1903. p. 276-301). Describes the establishment of playgrounds, baths, recreation piers in various cities and of a summer camp for Boston boys. 32 Randall, C. D. Michigan system of child-saving (in American Journal of Sociology, v. I : 710-24, May, '96). Excellent system. Principal features are state school for de- pendent children, industrial schools, State Board of charities, com- pulsory education, factory inspection regarding minors and laws for protection of children. Storrs, L. C. Correctional work in Michigan (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 23 : 472-6, May '04). Fallows, A K. [City boys'] temptations < to be good (in Century, v. 67, new series, v. 45 : 169-79, Dec. '03). A popularly written illustrated article dealing with truants, play- centres and boys' clubs. Kansas and Pennsylvania statutes for delinquent children (in Charities, v. 7: 103-5, Aug. 3, '01). Conference on backward, truant and delinquent children (in Charities, v. 12: 657-61, Jun. 25, '04). Summary of papers presented. Taylor, G. R. Going the juvenile court one better (in Chanties, v. 16: 374-6, Jun. 16, '06). Discusses the movement toward a national organization for the protection of children and for preventive work. Low, M. F. Chicago Juvenile Protective League (in Charities, v. 18: 300-2, Jun. 8, '07). An organization of adults for the prevention of juvenile crime. Taylor, G. R. Social settlements and children (in Chau- tauquan, v. 43: 360-9, Jun. '06). Work of a Chicago settlement among children. Snedden, D. S. Public school and juvenile delinquency (in Educational Review, v. 33: 374-85, Apr. '07). Believes that the scope of the public school system should be enlarged so as to include all children of school age. Mentions points in which public schools and reform schools may profit by each other's experience. 23 Jones, I. C. Treatment of juvenile delinquents; a sym- and others. posium (in Independent, v. 44: 293-9, Mar. 3, '92). causes of delin- uences and boys' . Mar. 3, '92). Articles on origin of juvenile reformatories, c quency, methods of reformation, debauching influe clubs. Townsend, Curfew for city children (in North Ameri- Mrs. J. D. can Review, v. 163: 725-30, Dec. '96). Buck, Winifred. Objections to a children's curfew (in North American Review, v. 164: 381-4, Mar. '97). Maintains that the street is preferable to most tenement homes on summer evenings. b. Methods of prevention. i. Moral training in schools. Adler, Felix. Moral instruction of children. 1902. Discusses methods and outlines a course of moral instruction. Boies, H. M. Education of children in public schools (in his Science of penology. 1901. p. 355- 90. Points out the causes of the failure of our schools to reduce criminality. Green, S. M. Education as a means of preventing crime (in his Crime : its nature, causes, treat- ment and prevention. 1898. p. 257-89). Fairchild, E. M. Society's need of effective ethical instruc- tion and the suggestion of an available method (in American Journal of Sociol- ogy, v. 4: 433-47, Jan. '99). Bisbee, M. D. Moral education in schools (in Education, v. 2: 253-57, Jan. '82). Points out the requisites necessary in order to give proper atten- tion to moral instruction. 24 Hailman, W. N. What moral results should common school training give? (in Education, v. 4: 115- 26, Mar. '84). Deals with needs and ideals rather than with methods. Prince, J. T. Moral training and school government (in Education, v. 5: 113-26, Nov. '84). White, E. E. Moral education in schools (in Education, v. 7: 223-33, Dec. '86). Deals with principles and incentives. Bouton, Eugene Moral training in the public schools (in Education, v. 8: 411-21, Mar. '88). Deals with the responsibility of the school as a moral force. Capen and Moral training in the public schools (in Barrell. Education, v. 9: 524-36, Apr. '89). What may be accomplished and how. Pickard, J. L. Checks to criminal tendency needed in schools (in Education, v. 17: 389-95, Mar. '97). Evans, F. D. Evolution of character in children (in Education, v. 20: 236-44, Dec. '99). Shows responsibility of the home. Sheldon, W. D. Ethical function of the school (in Educa- tion, v. 25: 321-32, Feb. '05). Ethical teaching in our schools (in Educa- tion, v. 27: 193-9, 262-70, 353-6o. Dec. 'o6-Feb. '07). Palmer, G. H. Moral conduct; can it be taught in schools (in Forum, v. 14: 673-85, Jan. '93). Hervey, W. L. Religious and moral teaching in the school (in Outlook, v. 82: 316-20, Feb. 10, '06). Newton & Patton Moral education in schools (in North American, v. 137: 99-117, Aug. '83). 25 2. Clubs and summer camps. Braithwaite, Boys' clubs (in Urwick, E. J. Studies of W. J. boy life in our cities. 1904. p. 174-232). Treats of club work in England. Buck, Winifred Boys' self-governing clubs. 1903. Helpful and practical for the club "adviser." Deals with or- ganization, management and ethical results of such clubs. Clark, W. A. Boys' clubs. 1902. Describes work of a large club and of small clubs. Gives chapter on self-government. Contains classified list of games and public entertainments. Forbush, W. B. Boy problem, cioxn. Deals fully with boys' clubs and social organizations. Includes very valuable chapter giving many suggestions on how to help boys. Gives directory of social organizations for boys and a bib- liography of 8 pages on work with boys. Mead, G. W. Modern methods in church work. 1906. p. 242-60. Brief chapters on the Boys' Brigade and other boys' clubs. Newman, B. P. Boys' club in theory and practice : a manual and others of suggestions for workers. 1900. An English publication. Stelzle, Charles Boys of the street, how to win them. 1904. A suggestive little volume on club work with boys. Wendell, E. J. Boys' clubs in New York (in Woods, R. A. and others, Poor in great cities. 1895. p. 151-76). Describes work of various clubs. O'Brien, V. L. Columbia park boys' club of San Francisco (in American Journal of Sociology, v. 7: 249-61, Sept. J oi). Account of its work and influence. Lee, Joseph Boys' clubs and their work (in Charities, v. 6: 394-9, May 4, '01). Rogers, J. E. "State of Columbia" (in Charities, v. 12: 245-50, Mar. 5, '04). A summer camp junior republic of San Francisco boys, 26 Langdon, W. C. Juvenile city league (in Charities, v. 12: 922-6, Sept. 10, '04). New York boys' club for civic improvement. Forbush, W. B. Clubs for street boys (in Charities, v. 16: 213-15, May 5, '06). Historical. Todd, A. J. Experiment in man making (in Charities, v. 17: 131-7, Oct. 20, '06). Boytown, a boys' summer camp near San Francisco. Imbrie & Our boys' club and its growth (in Chari- Proudfit ties, v. 18: 181-85, May II, '07). West Side Juvenile Club of New York. Brown, M. W. Newsboys' association of Grand Rapids, Michigan (in Charities Review, v. 8: 236-41, Jul. '93). An organization formed by the "Evening Press" for business purposes, with neighborhood clubs and several interesting features. Gibbons, W. F. Boys' Industrial Association: how to pre- vent the development of the tough (in Chautauquan, v. 27: 625-33, Sept. '98). Illustrated account of boys' club in coal-mining region of Penn- sylvania. Babbitt, J. A. Chautauqua boys' club (in Chautauquan, .v. 32: 146-8, Nov. 'oo). Hale, E. E. Story of a boys' club (in Cosmopolitan, v. 14: 549-52, Mar. '93). How it was started. Talbot, W. T. Physical abnormalities which boys' club leaders should understand (in Education, v. 23: 299-304, Jan. '03). Drummond, Boys' Brigade (in Good Words, v. 32: 93- Henry 100, 1891). Describes work of a military organization for the making of men. Boys' brigade (in McClure, v. 2: 68-77, Dec. '93). De Meritte, E. Vacation camp for boys (in Independent, v. 57: 262-6, Aug. 4, '04). Illustrated article outlining the daily work of the camp. Mathewson, Significant boy experiment (in Independ- A. M. ent, v. 60: 665-6, Mar. 22, '06). Boys' Good Government Club of New Haven, made up of boys under probation. McClure, W. F. Cleveland boys' club (in Munsey, v. 30: 393-6, Dec. '03). Thomson, E. P. Remarkable boys' club, Fall River (in New England Magazine, new series, v. 19: 488-97, Dec. '98). Sanborn, A. F. Boys and boys' clubs (in North American Review, v. 167: 254-6, Aug. '98). Illustrates the lack of application among poor city boys. Buck, Winifred Boys' clubs (in North American Review, v. 167: 509-12. Oct. '98). Suggests a few possibilities of the club with regard to the devel- opment of character. Lewis, C. L. Summer camps for boys (in Outlook, v. 80: 378-80, Jun. 10, '05). Points out their advantages and their amusements. Outlines a typical day in camp. Kinnicutt, W. H. School in the camp (in Outlook, v. 83 : 706-12, Jul. 28, '06). Rouillion, L. Summer camps for boys (in Review of Reviews, v. 21: 697-703, Jun. 'oo). Illustrated. Mentions camps connected with the Y. M. C. A. Wendell, E. J. Boys' clubs (in Scribner, v. 9: 738-52, Jun. '91). Illustrated article dealing with the social side of boys' club work in New York. Pierce, D. T. Boys' club idea (in World to-day, v. 8: 390-3, Apr. '05). Deals with two large clubs in New York. Beard, A. E. S. Summer outing camps (in World to-day, v. 1 1 : 724-30, Jul. '06) . Talbot, W. T. Summer camps for boys (in World's Work, v. 10 : 6167-74, May, '05). Illustrated article showing the wholesome influences of camp life. 28 3. Vacation schools and playgrounds. Groos, Karl Play of man. 1901. A psychological investigation of play activities, with a section on the theory of play from several standpoints. Riis, J. A. Battle with the slum. 1902. p. 264-309, 341-410. Tells in a readable style the story of the establishment of parks, playgrounds and vacation schools in New York. Tsanoff, S. V. Educational value of the children's play- grounds. 1897. Veiller, Lawrence Parks and playgrounds for tenement dis- tricts (in De Forest, R. W. and others. Tenement house problem. 1903. v. 2, P. I-I3). Locates the present park area in Greater New York and the needs in each tenement ward of Manhattan. Zueblin, Charles Chicago's municipal playgrounds (in American Journal of Sociology, v. 4: 145-58, Sept. '98). Describes two months' experience with playgrounds, showing difficulties and success. American, Sadie Movement for small playgrounds (in American Journal of Sociology, v. 4: 159-70, Sept. '98). Shows progress of playground establishment in various cities. Movement for vacation schools (in Ameri- can Journal of Sociology, v. 4: 309-25, Nov. '98). Describes progress of vacation schools in various cities. Lee, Joseph Summer playgrounds (in Charities, v. 6: 176-82, Mar. 2, '01). Idea of vacation schools (in Charities, v. 9: 220-4, Sept. 6, '02). Points out their aims. Stover, C. B. Seward Park playground (in Charities, v. 10 : 127-33, Feb. 7, '03). 29 Leland, Arthur Playground self government (in Charities, v. 12: 586-90, Jun. 4. '04). Miniature city organization of public playgrounds of Louisville. MacDonald and Days of cold snaps and thaws on a park Irwin playground (in Charities, v. 12: 591-4, Jun. 4, '04). Pastimes of children in Seward Park in winter. Robinson, L. V. City of Hawthorne (in Charities, v. 15 : 182-5, Nov. 4, '05). Self-government in a playground. Lee, Joseph Play as landscape (in Charities, v. 16: 427- 32, Jul. 7, '06). Suggests ways by which play may be allowed in parks without interfering with the artistic effect. Charities, v. 18: 471-565, Aug. 3, '07. Entire number deals with play and playgrounds. Pingree gardens and children's playground in Denver (in Charities Review, v. 8: 443-4, Dec. '98). Lee, Joseph Charitable preventive work among children (in Chanties Review, v. 10: 586-600, Feb. '01 ). History of playgrounds and vacation schools in various cities. Tarrant, M. E. Louisville summer playgrounds (in Chau- tauquan, v. 37: 473-6, Aug. '03). Play and playgrounds (in Chautauquan, v. 40: 470-8, Jan. '05). Organization and equipment, playgrounds as social centres, ref- erences, sources of information and hints for encouragement of playground work. Lee, Joseph System of public playgrounds (in Chautau- quan, v. 43: 352-9, Jun. '06). Outlines essentials in the planning of playgrounds. Bradley, J. E. Play in relation to character (in Educa- tion, v. 19: 406-13, Mar. '99). Cardozo, F. L. Benefits of vacation schools (in Education, v. 22: 141-50, Nov. '01). 30 ag American, Sadie History and purpose of vacation schools (in Education, v. 26: 509-18, 614-23, May- Jun. '06). Hughes, J. L. Educational value of play and the recent play movement in Germany (in Educa- tional Review, v. 8: 327-36, Nov. '94.) Robinson, C. M. Vacation schools (in Educational Review, v. 17: 250-60, Mar. '99). Work of Chicago, New York, Buffalo and Indianapolis vacation schools. Lee, Joseph Playground education (in Educational Re- view, v. 22: 449-71, Dec. '01). How to develop the boy through play during the "dramatic je," "age of self-assertion," and "age of loyalty. Putnam, H. C. Vacation schools (in Forum, v. 30: 492-5, Dec. 'oo). Points out their aims and advantages. Curtis, H. S. Vacation schools and playgrounds (in Harper's, v. 105: 22-29, Jun. '02). Interesting illustrated article on work of vacation schools. Tsanoff, S. V. Children's playgrounds (in Municipal Af- fairs, v. 2: 293-303, Jun. '98). Value of play and playground provisions in various cities. McNutt, G. L. Chicago's ten-million dollar experiment in social redemption (in Independent, v. 57: 612-17, Sept. 15, '04). Establishment of parks with playgrounds and gymnasiums in Chicago. Gives plans. Recreation plus education (in Municipal Affairs, v. 2: 433-8, Sept. '98). Vacation schools in New York. Lee, Joseph Boston's playground system (in New Eng- land Magazine, new series, v. 27 : 521-36, Jan. '03). Henry, Arthur Outdoor recreation league (in Outlook, v. 64: 47-53, Jan. 6, 'oo). Establishment of an outdoor gymnasium in Seward Park. 31 Wharton, G. W. City for the children (in Outlook, v. 72: 30-37, Sept. 6, '02). Illustrated. Deals with opening of playgrounds, baths, vacation schools in New York. Jones, K. A. Vacation schools in the United States (in Review of Reviews, v. 17: 710-6, Jun. '98). Kirkpatrick, Play as a factor in social and educational E. A. reforms (in Review of Reviews, v. 20: 192-96, Aug. '99). Harris, G. W. Playground city (in Review of Reviews, v. 32: 574-80, Nov. '05). Illustrated. Deals with sports in New York parks. Shaw, A. M. Spread of vacation schools (in World's Work, v. 8: 5405-14, Oct. '04). 4. "Fresh air" work. Bickwell, E. P. Summer outings (in N. C. C. C. 1904. p. 280-84). Parsons, Willard Story of the fresh-air fund (in Woods, R. A. and others. Poor in great cities. 1895. P- 131-50). Points out its beneficial results. Ufford, W. S. Fresh air charity in the United States. 1897 (Pamphlet). Allen, W. H. Fresh air work (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 23: 464-71, May, '04). Work of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. Summer philanthropy (in Charities, v. 7: 279-88, Oct. 5, '01). Fresh air work in various cities. McLean, F. H. Summer outing work in Chicago (in Charities, v. 9: 342-6, Oct. 4, '02). Lies, E. T. Country outings for city children (in Charities, v. 12: 695-703, Jul. 2, '04). 32 Brandt, Lilian What a day brought forth at Sea Breeze (in Charities, v. 12: 816-7, Aug. 6, '04). Fresh air excursion of colored children. Ovington, M. W. Fresh air work among colored children in New York (in Charities, v. 17: 115-7, Oct. 13, '06). Almy, Frederic Advertising fresh-air work (in Charities Review, v. 9: 280-1, Sept. '99). Original methods of raising funds used in Buffalo. Extension of fresh air work (in Charities Review, v. 10: 275-7, Sept. 'oo). c. Methods of reform. Children (in N. C. C. C. 1905. p. 94-149, 539-46). Du Cane, Punishment and Sir E. F. 1885. p. 199-231. Historical sketch of juvenile reformatories and industrial schools in Great Britain. Folks, Homer Delinquent children (in his Care of des- titute, neglected and delinquent children. 1902. p. 198-238). Deals with several juvenile reformatories and the probation system. Juvenile delinquents (in N. C. C. C. 1890. p. 214-43, 365-70). Articles on: Report of Committee, Reformatories for juvenile delinquents, Juvenile reformatories, Baltimore house of refuge. Discussion. Juvenile delinquents (in N. C. C. C. 1902. p. 250-64, 423-72). Articles on: Practical thoughts on reformatory work, Cultivation of individuality, Punishments, Dietaries, Buildings for reforma- tories. Juvenile reformatories and industrial schools (in N. C. C. C. 1901. p. 245-83). Articles on: Origin and development of the juvenile reforma- tory, Girl's reformatories and their characteristics, The reform- school officer: what he should be and how to get and keep him. 33- Kellor, F. A. Experimental sociology: delinquents. 1901. p. 216-25. Discusses some defects in children's institutions. Morrison, W. D. Crime and its causes. 1891. p. 159-176. Treats of the relation of crime to the age of the offender. Ad- vocates a graded set of institutions in dealing with young crim- inals. Morse, The methods most helpful to girls (in Mrs. F. F. N. C. C. C. 1904. p. 306-11). Nibecker, F. H. Influence of children in their homes after institutional life (in N. C. C. C. 1895. p. 216-29). Discusses the classes of families from which children come, the fundamental causes in their character which produce delinquency and the various influences of institution life. Oppenheim, Institutional life in the development of the Nathan child (in his Development of the child. 1902. p. 241-65). Points out the essential defects of institution life. Reform schools (in N. C. C. C. 1892. p. 166-82, 410-14). Articles on: General features of reform school work, Reform school chaplain, Reform work for girls, Aims, methods and results of reform-school training. Reform work (in N. C. C. C. 1897. p. 115-39, 453-6). Articles on: Trade teaching in juvenile reformatories, Seven years in a juvenile reformatory, Do reform schools reform, Indus- trial training in girls' schools, Catholic reformatory agencies, Habits of thrift. Discussion. Reformatories (in N. C. C. C. 1894. p. 149-67, 288-90). Articles on: General culture in State Schools, Our work and the outlook, Woman's influence in juvenile reformatories. Dis- Reformatories and industrial schools (in N. C. C. C. 1900. p. 188-225, 418-24). Articles on: Twenty years of progress, Civil service rules in state institutions, Merit and demerit system, Juvenile delinquency and its general treatment, Co-operation of superintendents of re- formatories, Discussion on reformatories. 34 Snedden, D. S. Administration and educational work of American juvenile reform schools. 1907. Mac Queary, Reformation of juvenile offenders in T. H. Illinois (in American Journal of Soci- ology, v. 8: 644-54, Mar. '03). Describes work of three reformatories. School for delinquent and truant children in Illinois (in American Journal of Sociology, v. 9: 10-19, Jul. '03). Nibecker, F. H. Education of juvenile delinquents (in An- nals of the American Academy, v. 23 : 483-92, May, '04). Discusses needful elements in the curriculum of schools for de- linquents. Kellor, F. A. Play in institutions for children (in Chan- ties, v. 6: 297-300, Apr. 6, '01). Nibecker, F. H. Play in institutions for children (in Chari- ties, v. 6: 300-2, Apr. 6, '01). Echo Hills, New York's juvenile asylum (in Charities, v. 10: 441-4, May 2, '03). Describes cottage home plan, giving illustrations of buildings. New York's juvenile reformatories (in Charities, v. 12: 621- 30, Jun. 11, '04). Articles on New York State training school for girls at Hudson, Industrial school at Rochester, House of Refuge at Randall's Island and Reformatory at Hart's Island. Younker, Falk Jewish delinquent children (in Charities, v. 16: 265-6, May 26, '06). Miner, M. E. Reformatory girls (in Charities, v. 17: 903- 19, Feb. 16, '07). Statistical study of the record of girls paroled from two New York state institutions. Wendell, E. J. Educational features of a reform school (in Charities Review, v. 3: 111-16, Jan. '94). 35 Delancy, J. J. Catholic reformatories for juvenile delin- quents (in Charities Review, v. 6: 441-8, M '97). Dougherty, J. E. John Christopher Drumgoole's work for boys (in Charities Review, v. 8: 323-7, Sept. '98). Discipline and management of juvenile reformatories (in Charities Review, v. 9: 436-50, Dec. '99). A helpful and valuable consensus of opinion. Nibecker, F. H. Essential work of a juvenile reformatory (in Charities Review, v. 9: 450-2, Dec. '99). Shows that it is purely educational and should not be cut short before full results have been attained. Mitchell, Adina Use of music in the training of discordant children (in Charities Review, v. 10: 503-8, Jan. '01). Holmes, T. Juvenile offenders and parental responsi- bility (in Contemporary, v. 77: 845-54, Jun. 'oo). Discusses Lord James* Youthful Offenders Bill, which increases responsibility of parents for the wrong doing of their children. Spearman, E. R. Juvenile reformatories in France (in Fort- nightly, v. 69: 626-39, Apr. '98). Cole, W. I. Rainsford Island house of reformation (in New England Magazine, new series, v. 17: 335-9, Nov. '97). 2. Truant schools. Palmer, L. E. New York's truancy problem (in Charities, v. 15: 557-6i, Jan. 27, '06). System of handling truancy, proposed changes and essentials in eliminating truancy. Brace, C. L. Truancy (in Charities, v. 15: 699-701, Feb. 17, '06). Experience of Children's Aid Society with truants. 36 Truancy (in Charities, v. 17: 520-1, 523-9, 535-42, Dec. 22, '06). Articles on Chicago truancy conference and the responsibility of parents for truancy. Merwin, H. B. Relief of needy truants (in Charities Re- view, v. 9: 287-96, Sept. '99). Summarizes methods of relief used in many cities to help children who are truants from lack of suitable clothing. Downing, E. R. Truancy: causes and remedies (in Chari- ties Review, v. 10: 177-82, Jun. 'oo). Helpful article. Seaver, E. P. Care of truants and incorrigibles (in Edu- cational Review, v. 7: 423-38, May, '94). Recounts efforts toward solution of truancy problem, especially in England and Massachusetts and states essentials in organization and management of Parental School in Boston. Richman, Julia Incorrigible child (in Educational Review, v. 31 : 484-506, May '06). Discusses the truancy problem and shows the methods of influ- ence employed in a New York truant school. Points out the proper attitude of the teacher toward the misdemeanant. Drew, A. A. W. Hooliganism and juvenile crime (in Nine- teenth Century, v. 48: 89-99, Jul. 'oo). Deals with truancy and how to cure it. Gay, M. R. Parental schools (in World To-day, v. 10: 45-51, Jan. '06). Our parental schools (in World To-day, v. 10 : 204-9, Feb. '06). Shaw, A. M. Truant schools in Boston and Chicago ; a lesson for the public schools (in World's Work, v. ii : 7335-41, Mar. '06). 3. Industrial schools and moral value of manual training. Adler, Felix Influence of manual training on character (in his Moral instruction of children. 1902. p. 257-70). Allison, James Industrial training for boys (in N. C. C. C. 1906. p. 145-9).. 37 Benson, W. E. Manual training as a preventive of delin- quency among colored children (in N. C. C C. 1904. P. 257-68). Chapin, I. F. Manual training work with white children (in N. C. C. C. 1904- P. 250-6). Charlton, T. J. Trades teaching in juvenile reformatories (in N. C C. C. 1897. p. 115-20). De Bolt, Industrial employment as a factor in the Mrs. L. N. reformation of girls (in N. C. C. C. 1900. p. 214-20). Dudley, O. L. Illinois industrial training school for boys (in N. C. C. C. 1891. p. 145-50). Richards, C. R. Trade schools : their place in industry, edu- cation and philanthropy (in N. C. C. C. 1895- P- 195-203). Spearman, E. R. School for street Arabs (in Woods, R. A. and others, Poor in great cities, 1895. P- 275-99). Full description of the D'Alembert industrial school in France. Woodward, C. M. Fruits of manual training in education (in his Manual training in education. 1898. p. 125-48). Points out its moral benefits. Report of industrial school in England, 1870-1904 (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 25: 409-13, Mar. '05). Dooly, M. A. Lee, Joseph Kellogg, P. U. Industrial schools of the Netherlands (in Arena, v. 7: 714-20, May '93). Industrial training for boys (in Charities, v. 6: 399-401, Mar. 4, '01). National society for the promotion of in- dustrial education (in Charities, v. 17: 363-73, Dec i, '06). A report of the organization meeting of this society. 38 Chapin, T. F. Educational value of manual training (in Chanties Review, v. 6: 335-45, Jun. '97). Mezes. Manual training vs. crime (in Charities Review, v. 7, 1020-30, Feb. '98). New Jersey state industrial school (in Charities Review, v. 9: 434-6, Dec. '99). Hill, Alfred English industrial schools (in Contempor- ary, v. 41: 106-23, Jan. '82). Drew, A. A. Juvenile crime and industrial schools (in Contemporary, v. 63: 732-42, May '93). English industrial and truant school system. Carroll, C. F. Effect of manual training on judgment and character (in Education, v. 22 : 23-7, Sept. '01). Boone, R. G. Manual training as a socializing factor (in Education, v. 22: 395-401, Mar. '02). Call, A. D. Education vs. crime : Elmira Reformatory school (in Education, v. 22 : 587-603, Jun. '02). Describes its efficient graded system. Wood, Eugene Boys' industrial school in Ohio (in Every- body's, v. 13: 435-45, Oct. '05). Illustrated article on work and results of above industrial school with military system. Woodward, C. M. Fruits of manual training (in Popular Science monthly, v. 25: 347-57, Jul. '84). Points out its intellectual, moral and life benefits. Henderson, C. H. Spirit of manual training (in Popular Science monthly, v. 35: 433~47, Aug. '89). Its chief claim is the development of character. 4. Colonies and farms. The following include preventive as well as reformatory colonies. Commons, J. R. Junior republic (in American Journal of Sociology, v. 3: 281-96, 433-48, Nov. '97, Jan. '98). Illustrated article describing fully the history and management of the George Junior republic. 39 Hull, W. I. George Junior republic (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 10: 73-86, Jul. '97). Describes its government, industry and plan of education. Riis, J. A. One way out (in Century, v. 51, new series, v. 29: 303-8, Dec. '95). Farm for large boys at Kensico,. N. Y. Stone, S. H. Berkshire industrial farm (in Charities, v. 10 : 138-41, Feb. 7, '03). Town meeting day at Freeville (in Charities, v. 10 : 573-5, Jun. 6, '03). Sidelight on boy politics at George Junior Republic. Parsons, F. G. Second children's farm in New York (in Charities, v. n : 220-23, Sept. 5, '03). De Witt Clinton Park. Marsh, B. C. New departure in summer outing (in Charities, v. 12: 957-9, Sept. 24, '04). Summer home for children near Philadelphia and its results. King, F. A. Self-government and "the bunch" (in Charities, v. 13: 36-41, Oct. i, '04). Tells of an experiment in handling unruly boys. Barrows, I. C. Portuguese agricultural colony (in Chari- ties, v. 15: 693-5, Feb. 17, '06). Boys' Municipality of Allendale, Illinois (in Charities Re- view, v. 9: 234-5, Aug. '99). Rogers, J. E. City of Telhi, a junior republic (in Educa- tion, v. 27: 271-80, Jan. '07). Humphreys, Smallest republic in the world (in M. G. McClure's, v. 9: 735-47, Jul. '97). Very interesting illustrated article on the George Junior Re- public. Thrasher, M. B. Government of boys, for boys, by boys (in New England Magazine, new series, v. 22: 193-208, Apr. 'oo). Full account of "Cottage Row," a farm school near Boston. 40 Roe, A. S. Lyman school for boys (in New England Magazine, new series, v. 26: 399-416, Jun. '02). Full account of large farm school in Massachusetts. Parsons, F. G. First children's farm (in Outlook, v. 74: 67-72, May 2, '03). Describes the cultivation of De Witt Clinton Park in New York by the children. Cooley, C. C. City and the boys (in Outlook, v. 76: 332-7, Feb. 6, '04). Farm school near Cleveland. Shaw, Albert Vacation camps and boys' republics (in Review of Reviews, v. 13: 572-6, May '96). George Junior Republic. Phillips, R. E. Art of saving character (in World's Work, v. 2: 1296-1306, Oct. '01). Contrast between the treatment of delinquent boys in institu- tions and in the George Junior Republic. 5. Juvenile courts and probation work. Barrows, J. J. Children's courts in the United States, their origin, development and results (in United States House of Representative Documents, No. 701. 1906). Juvenile courts (in N. C. C. C. 1904. p. 350-79, 568-79, 629-35). Articles on: Mission of the juvenile court, Theory and practice of juvenile courts, Probation system of the juvenile court of Indianapolis. Discussion. Juvenile courts (in N. C. C. C. 1905. p. 150-85, 479-87). Articles on: Recent progress of juvenile court movement, Child of the juvenile court, Necessity for the lawyer in the juvenile court, Phases of the probation work of the juvenile court. Dis- cussion. Lindsey, B. B. Reformation of juvenile delinquents through the juvenile courts (in N. C. C. C. 1903. p. 206-30). Relates the experience of a successful juvenile court judge. 41 [Probation work] (in N. C. C. C. 1906. p. 117-38, 574-9). Articles on: Juvenile probation, Juvenile court, the judge and the probation officer, Work of probation officer preliminary to the trial, Work of the probation officer in court. Mac Queary, Juvenile court of Illinois (in American T. H. Journal of Sociology, v. 9: 19-22, Jul. '03). Kelsey, Carl Juvenile court of Chicago and its work (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 17 : 298-304, Mar. '01). Williamson, Probation and juvenile courts (in Annals E. E. of the American Academy, v. 20: 259-67, Jul. '02). Shows the value of probation work. Beitler, A. M. Juvenile court in Philadelphia (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 20: 271-6, Jul. '02). Almy, F. Juvenile courts in Buffalo (in Annals of the American Academy, v. 20: 279-85, Jul. '02). Juvenile courts in rural districts of the central west (in An- nals of the American Academy, v. 27 : 447-50, Mar. '06). Fallows, A. K. Fair play for wayward children (in Cen- tury, v. 73, new series, v. 51 : 253-63, Dec. '06). A popularly written illustrated article on children's courts, the probation system and the George Junior Republic. Eliot, Ada American probation system (in Charities, v. 9: 279-84, Sept. 20, '02). Sketches provisions of probation laws in several states. Juvenile court in legislation in Pennsylvania (in Charities, v. 10 : 248-9, Mar. 14, '03). Juvenile court and probation work (in Charities, v. n: 395- 436, Nov. 7, '03). Entire number good. Articles on experience in Denver, New York, Chicago, Pennsylvania, St. Louis and an orphan house. 42 Charities, v. 13, Jan. 7, '05. Entire number deals with juvenile courts and probation work. Includes digest of statutes, problems of administration, etc. Bartlett, L. C. Value of volunteers in probation work (in Charities, v. 14: 955-7, Jul. 29, '05). Describes the effectual probation system of Indianapolis. Friday, L. F. Court studies from life (in Charities, v. 15: 79-8i, Oct. 7, '05). Statistics of negro children under probation in Baltimore. Essentials of probation (in Charities, v. 15: 364, Dec. 16, '05). Jenkins, E. F. Reply [to above] (in Chanties, v. 15: 413-4, Dec. 30, '05). New York State probation commission (in Charities, v. 15 : 869-80, Mar. 17, '06). A full survey of the merits and defects of New York State meth- ods of probation, including recommendations for changes in the system. Addams, Jane Probation work under civil service (in Charities, v. 15: 881-2, Mar. 17, '06). In Cook County, Illinois. Devine, E. T. Proposed New York system of probation (in Charities, v. 15: 896, Mar. 24, '06). Favorable. Real probation and its opponents (in Charities, v. 16 : 6-8, Apr. 7, J o6). Discusses the Page-Cox bills on probation in New York state. Folks, Homer Situation as to probation in New York (in Charities, v. 16: 243-4, May 19, '06). Discussion of bills on probation passed April 30, 1906. Thurston, H. W. Chicago's juvenile court building (in Charities, v. 17: 542-6, Dec. 22, '06). Gives complete plans for this three story building, which will be used for a juvenile court and for a detention home for children. Jones, Edith Probation in practice (in Charities, v. 17 : 980-7, Mar. 2, '07). Illustrated article dealing with methods employed in Philadelphia. 43 Muensterberg, Impressions of American charity. Chapter Emil 7, Juvenile courts (in Charities, v. 18: 581-5, Aug. 10, '07). Chicago juvenile court (in Charities Review, v. 9: 413-5, Dec. '99). Coulter, E. K. New York children's court (in Contem- porary, v. 87: 516-23, Apr. '05). Account of its system and results. Villard, O. G. Year of the children's court (in Nation, v. 77: 262-3, Oct. i, '03). New York Children's Court. Coulter, E. K. Alien colonies and the children's court (in North American Review, v. 179: 731-40, Nov. '04). Shows the proportion of children of various nationalities ar- raigned in the N. Y. Children's Court. Haskell, H. J. "Kid judge" of Denver (in Outlook, v. 80: 497-501, Jun. 24, '05). Chatty account of Judge Lindsey's work with delinquents. Maule, Frances Getting at the boys (in Outlook, v. 81 : 822-6, Dec. 2, '05). Probation work done by Men's Club of the Central Presbyterian Church, New York. New York children's court (in Review of Reviews, v. 31 : 492-4, Apr. '05). Bjorkman, F. M. Children's court in American city life (in Review of Reviews, v. 33: 305-11, Mar. '06). Deals mainly with the good work of Judge Lindsey of the Den- ver Children's Court. Thurston, H. W. Social significance of the juvenile court (in School Review, v. 14: 415-24, Jun. '06). French, L. H. Saving boys from crime (in World's Work, v. 2: 1214-16, Sept. *oi). Beneficial effects of parole system. This list was compiled by MARY F. LINDHOLM of the Brook- lyn Public Library. EAGLE PRESS, BROOKLYN-NEW YORK THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL PINE OP 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO 5O CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. 25 1946 23NOVVPS SEP 6 -1955 8Feb'6C A REG D -..,*-'* OCT'BOBS ,- JGAYLORDBROS. I Syracuse, N. Y. Stockton, Calif.