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THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS
FLOEA
BRITISH INDIA.
Bates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume.
Part I. pp. 1-208, was published Mai/ 1872.
„ 11. pp. 209-46i ,, Jan. 1874.
„ III. pp. 465 to end „ Feb. 1875.
1
THE
FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. (
BY
J. D. HOOKER, C.B.
M.D., PRES. R.S., D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB.
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OP THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS.
VOL. I.
RANUNCULACE^ TO SAPINDACE^.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INDIA IN COUNCIL.
LONDON t
L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1875.
LIBRARY
UNlVEr.:i ! Y C- CALIFORNIA
^4-
LOKDON :
SAVILL, EDWARDS AND CO., PRINTERS, CHANDOH STREKT,
• COVENT QAPDEN.
TO
HIS GKACE THE DUIE OF ARGYLL, O., F.E.S.,
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA,
PRESIDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.OF LONDON;
&c. &c. &c.
My Lord Duke,
The fact of this first part of the ^' Flora of British
India" appearing* during your Grace's tenure of office, and under your
instructions, affords me the welcome opportunity of following a time-
honoured custom in dedicating that work to you. And I congratulate
myself on being so circumstanced, since I am thus enabled to express
my respect for your high scientific attainments and for those original
observations and writings which have appeared during the long period
that has elapsed since I first enjoyed the privilege of friendly inter-
course with your Grace, which long antedates your scientific career
and my official connexion with you.
I am.
Your Grace's faithful and obedient servant,
Jos. D. Hooker.
Royal Gardens, Kew,
March 15, 1872.
96191
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PREFACE.
The Flora of British India is intended to comprise within a moderate
compass brief descriptions, ordinal, g-eneric and specific, of the Flower-
ing- plants and Ferns hitherto found within the British territories in
India, together with those of Kashmir and Western Tibet ; countries
which, though outside that territory, belong to botanical regions in-
cluded within it, which have been geo^aphically and botanically
explored by officers employed almost exclusively in the Indian service,
and which are habitually visited by Indian tourists and travellers.
It was originally intended to have included the Floras of Affghanistan
and Beluchistan, as was done in the fragmentary "Flora Indica,"
commenced in 1855 by Dr. T. Thomson and myself j but the plants of
these countries having been recently included in Boissier's excellent
" Flora Orientalis," and belonging to quite another botanical region
(the Occidental Asiatic), this intention has been abandoned.
At the outset it must be stated, that in a work of this scope, neither
fulness nor completeness are attainable in the present state of science.
British Indian Botany is represented by some 12-14,000 species, and
by hundreds of thousands of specimens, collected over an area of one
and a half millions of square miles, in tropical, temperate, and frigid
climates, and at all elevations, from the sea-level to 19,000 ft. Of this
vast assemblage, not a twelfth part has hitherto been brought together
in any one general work on Indian plants. The descriptions of such
as are well described, are scattered through innumerable British and
foreign journals, or contained in Local Floras, or works on general
Botany 5 a very large number are described so incompletely or inaccu-
rately, that they can only be recognised after an inspection of the ori-
ginal specimens j and very many are altogether undescribed. In short,
there is no quarter of the globe so rich in plants, and from which such
a mass of materials has been collected and deposited in European
VI PREFACE.
museums 5 and yet of which so little of the Natural History, and espe-
cially the Botany, has been systematically brought tog-ether. Under
these circumstances an exhaustive Flora would be a work of many
years and many volumes ; and it is as a hand-book to what is already
known, and a pioneer to more complete works, that the present is put
forward.
For an account of the materials upon which it is founded, the reader
is referred te the Introductory Essay to the Flora Indica alluded to
above, which contains a history of Indian Botany up to 1855, tog-ether
wit h an essa y on the climates and physical features of India, and on its
divisions into Botanico-Geo^aphical provinces. Since the date of its
publication, no great systematically arrang-ed collections of Indian
plants, such as those of Wallich, Wig-ht, Stocks, Strachey, and Win-
terbottom, &c. (fee, have been added to these; though many very
valuable local collections have been made ; among;st which the Malac-
can Herbarium of the late Dr. Maing-ay, and the South Indian of
Major Beddome, present the most novelty and interest. Since that
period, too, the vast Herbaria of Griflfith and Falconer have been
made over to Kew by the late East Indian Government, and thoug-h
in a ruinous condition from damp and vermin, have been arranged and
distributed; Wight's invaluable original Herbarium has been added to
that of Kew, by private gift from that veteran botanist, and its dupli-
cates also distributed from this establishment; and Bottler's own Her-
barium has been transferred fjpm the Museum of King's College,
London, and liberally presented to Kew by order of the Council of that
Institution. The value of these last two collections, as containing the
type specimens of plants described in so many old and modern works,
cannot be over-estimated.
The plan approved by his Grace the Secretary of State for India, for
bringing out this Flora, viz., of associating with myself a number of
competent botanists, whose names will appear in the headings of the
pages they (wholly or in part) shall contribute, will, it is hoped, enable
me to bring it out with reasonable celerity ; whilst the adoption of as
concise a style and phraseology* as is consistent with clearness, and the
* In these matters my Flora of the British IsLands has been followed ; the style there
adopted having been suggested by the requirements of the Professors of Botany in the
Scotch Universities, and approved by them, seemed to me to be equally applicable to a
more extended.
^
PREFACE. Vll
avoidance of repetition in the descriptions and remarks on each species,
will enable me to compress the whole into a portable form.
With reg*ard to citations of previous works, and references to authors,
these have been reduced to what appears to be most useful and desirable
for working and especially Indian botanists. As a rule, all Indian
Ploras are quoted, as also the work wherein the species was first de-
scribed under the name it bears ; the chief exceptions to the latter are
in cases where the author has redescribed the plant in a subsequent
better known g-eneral work, when the latter alone is cited.*
I have been compelled to confine the citations of numbered dis-
tributed collections to Wallich's; to have introduced the numbers
of Wight's, Jacquemont's, Hohenacker's, Strachey and Winterbot-
tom's, Griffith's, Falconer's, Heifer's, Maingay's, Thwaites's, Hooker
fil. and Thomson's, and other collections that have been distri-
buted from Kew and elsewhere, would have added at least another
volume to the work, and would have prolonged indefinitely the time
and cost of its production. All such references, if not checked
in the proofs, as well as in the MS., are sure to abound in errors; as
do indeed the collections themselves, requiring- in such cases the
introduction of cross references, discussions and critical notes, essential
for the verification of specimens, but not necessarily of species. More-
* Thus De Candolle's fragmentary " Systema" is not quoted for plants subsequently
included in his universally used " Prodromus ;" nor Boissier's inaccessible " Diagnoses
Plantarum Orientalium" for those subsequently included in his great work, the " Flora
Orientalis." The interposition of a semicolon between the author's name and that of
the work cited, indicates that the plant was not first described in that work ; its absence
indicates that it was.
With regard to the vexed question, whether to attach to a species the name of the
author who first described it, or of him who first put it into the genus to which I think
that it belongs, I have adopted the latter alternative, chiefly on the principle that a right
comprehension of genera is of higher importance than the power of describing a species.
The number of species described by authors who cannot determine their affinities, in-
creases annually, and I regard the naturalist who puts a described plant into its proper
position in regard to its allies, as rendering a greater service to science than its de-
scriber, when he either puts it into a wrong place, or throws it into any of those
chaotic heaps miscalled genera, with which systematic works still abound. I however
admit, that no laws or usages embrace all cases of disputed authority or priority,
and that the best hitherto proposed are open to great abuses ; but after many years'
experience I find that the plan which, in common with the majority of botanists, I have
followed, is open to the fewest objections, and does justice to the gi-eatest and most de-
serving number of naturalists.
Vlll PREFACE.
over, such references would not have proved of the smallest use to the
Indian resident and traveller, for whom this work is specially in-
tended.
And here I must caution botanists against an over-reliance upon
the names attached to the Indian collections which have been distri-
buted from Kew, first by myself, and latterly by the keeper of the
herbarium, between 1855 and 1870. These collections orig-inally com-
prised about half a million of specimens, which had been accumulating
for upwards of thirty years, principally in the India House (where a
great number were wholly destroyed b}' damp and vermin), at Kew,
and at the Linnean Society, and consisted chiefly of the collections of
Griftith, Falconer, Heifer, Royle, G. Thomson, T. Thomson and myself,
Law, Stocks, Dalzell, and Gibson, together with the remainder of
Wallich's, and latterly Wight's. From these, after arrangement, up-
wards of 380,000 specimens were distributed in sets to public and
private museums in Europe, India, and America, every specimen bear-
ing a ticket with the name of the locality and collector, and that of the
plant, as far as it could be approximately determined. I have no reason
to suppose that these collections contain more errors in nomenclature
than do similar ones; but, as was explicitly stated when they were
sent out, such names are not to be regarded as authoritative.
The area over which each species is distributed, is indicated by dis-
tricts; these districts or geographical areas being botanical regions,
which coincide in the main so closely with the well recognized territo-
rial divisions of India, that a strict definition of them is unnecessary :
an account of their limits and physical features will be found in the
Introductory Essay to the Flora Indica, and its accompanying maps.
It has been a source of most sincere regret to me that a combination
of circumstances has prevented the continuation of the Indian Flora
upon the originally contemplated and more extended plan, under the
joint authorship of my old friend and fellow-traveller. Dr. Thomson,
and myself. Other duties in our respective services necessitated its
postponement for a very long period, until indeed it became obvious
that years were not left to us, even could we have commanded sufficient
leisure, to finish so laborious an undertaking.
FLOEA OF BEITISH INDIA.
Order I. RANUNCULACE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves radical or alternate
(opposite in Clematidece). Stipules 0, or adnate to the petiole, rarely
free. Flowers regular or irregular, 1-2-sexual, rarely bracteate. Dish
very rarely present {Pceonia). Sejmls 5 or more, rarely 2-4, deciduous
(persistent in Poeonia), often petaloid, imbricate (valvate in Clematis).
Petals 0, or 3-5 or more, hypogynous, imbricate, often minute or de-
formed. Stamens hypogynous ; anthers usually adnate and dehiscing late-
rally. Carpels usually many, free, 1-celled ; stigma simple ; ovules one or
more on the ventral suture, anatropous, erect with a ventral or pendulous
with a dorsal raphe. Fruit of numerous 1-seeded achenes, or many-seeded
follicles, rarely a berry. Seed small, albumen copious ; embryo minute. —
DiSTRiB. Abundant in temperate and cold regions ; genera 30, known species
about 300.
Teibe I. Clexnatideae. Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite.
Sepals petaloid, valvate. Caipels 1-ovuled; ovule pendulous. Fruit of
many achenes.
Petals 1. Clematis.
Petals many, linear 2. Navaveua.
Tribe II. Anexnoneee. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate. Sepals
petaloid, imbricate. Carpels 1-ovuled ; ovule pendulous. Fruit of many
achenes.
Petals 0, flowers involucrate 3. Anemone.
Petals 0, flowers not involucrate 4. Thalictkum.
Petals 5-15, wiih a nectariferous pit 5. Callianthemum.
Petals 5-16, with no nectariferous pit 6. Adonis.
Tribe III. Ranunculeae. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate. Sepals
herbaceous, imbricate. Carpels 1-ovuled ; ovules erect. Fruit of many
achenes.
Sepals 3-5, deciduous, petals usually 5 . . 7. Ranunculu-*.
Sepals 5 persistent, petals 10-15 8. Oxygraphis.
Tribe IV. Helleboreae. Herbs or undcrshrubs. Leaves alternate.
Sepals petaloid or herbaceous, imbricate. Carpels several, many-ovuled.
Fruit of 1 or more follicles (berried in Adoea).
VOL. I. ' B
2 I. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)
Flowers regular solitary or panicled. ^ /
Petals 0. leaves undivided 9. Cki.thk.^
Petals O', leaves palmately divided 10. (.alathodes.
Petals bmall, carpels long-stalked 12- Cokfis.
Petals small, carpels sessile, flowers yellow 11. i kollius.
Petals small, carpels sessile, flowers white 13. I?^ui-yrl-m.
Petals as large as the .sepals, all spurred 14. Ai^uileoia.
Flowers regular racemed.
Carpel solitary, berried when ripe 17. Act.«a.
Carpels 4-8, follicular when ripe 18. Cimicifuga.
Flowers irregular.
Posterior sepal spurred lo- Delphinium.
Posterior tepal vaulted 16. Acumtum.
Tribe V. PeBonieae. Herbs or undershrubs. Sepals herbaceous, imbri-
cate. Carpeh several, several- ovuled, girt by a tlesby disk. Fruit of coria-
ceous few-seeded follicles.
19. P^ONIA.
1. CXiSBIATZS, Linn.
Woody, usually climbing underslirubs. Lmves opposite, usually com-
pound, exstipulate, petioles often twining, /n/orfsce/ice axillary or terminal.
Sepals usually 4, (to 8) petakdd, valvate. Fttals 0. Stamens many.
Carpels many, each with 1 pendulous ovule. Fruit a head of sessile or
stalked achenes, with long feathery styles, except in Sect. Viticella.—
DibTRiB. All temperate climates, rarer in the tropics ; species about 100.
Heot. I. Viticella, DC. Adienes beaked, without feathery styles.
' 1. C. Cadmia, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4669 ; H.f.dc T. Fl. Ind. 5; C.
sulcata. Wall Cat. 4667. Tlialictrum bracteatum, A'oxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 671,
E. Bengal in tropical jungles, atid along the base of the Himalaya, from the Kosi
to Assam. Birma, Griffith.
A slender subherbaceous climber. Leaves 3-nalely decompound ; leaflets 1-2 in.
ovate-oblong, glabrous, base oblique or cordate. Flowers axillary, solitary ; peduncle
long, with ^wo leafy bracts about the middle. Stpals 5 to 6, f to 1 in. spreading,
linear-oblong, blue. Achenes many, large, broadly ovate, beak long straight, young
silky.
Sect. II. Cheiropsls, DC. Achenes with long feathery styles. Flowers
in axillary fascicles; pedicels 1 fld.
2. C. Napaulensis, DC. St/st. i. 164; leaves ternately divided, pedicels
with 2 connate bracts at or near the middle. //. /. <^ T. Fl. hid. G;
Wall. Cat. 4680. C. niontana, Don Frodr. 192 (not of others).
Temperate Himalaya from Garwhal to Bhotan.
A slender nearly glabrous climber. Lrafiits 1-2 in., elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes
very narrow, entire toothed or 3-lobed, 3-nerved, lateral oblique. Flowers many,
pedicels shorter than the leaves ; bracts forming a 2-lipped cup, in which the bud is
sessile. Sepals 4, oblong, silky outside. Filanients glabrous, tapering from a broad
Hat base ; anthers short. Achenes flat, margined, hairy.
3. C. montana, Ham. ex DC, S^.'it. i. 164; leaves ternately divided,
pedicels naked, stamens glabrous. Wall. Fl. As. Far. iii. t. 217; //. /
rfT 7'. Fl. Ind. 5. C. Punduana, Wall. Cat. 4862. C anemonitlora, Don
Frodr. 192 ; Anemone curta. Wall. Cat. 4690.
Clematis,] i. kanunculacete. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 3
Temperate Himalaya from the Indus to the Bramaputra, ascending to 12,000 fi:.,
always above 8500 ft. in Sikkim. Khasia hills above 4000 ft.
A woody climber, glabrous or silky. Leaves fascicled at the nodes; leaflets ovate,
toothed or incised, usually acute. Floivers 2 to 4 in. diam., often scented, white
or pinkish or yellowish ; pedicels exceeding the leaves. Sepals 4, elliptic, acute or
obtuse, glabrous or silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear ; anthers short. Achenes
flat, glabrous ; receptacle pilose.
4. C. barbellata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 25 ; leaves once
ternately divided, pedicels naked, anthers softly bearded on the back. Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 4794; H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 5. C. nepaulensis, Moijle III. 51 (not
of others).
Western Temperate Himalaya in Garwhal and Kumaon, Boyle, &c.
A woody climber, glabrous or neaily so. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed or
lobed. Flowers large, dull purple. Sepals oblong, acuminate, pubescent on both sur-
faces, margins villous. Filaments broadly linear, 1-nerved, often ciliate with loug
hairs ; auther-cells introrse. Achenes glabrous.
5. C. acutang-ula, H.f. <&. T. Fl. Ind. 5 ; leaves 2-pin nate, pedicels
2-bracteate at the base rarely in the middle, anthers softly hairy.
Khasia Hills, near MoHm, alt. 5000 ft. Griffith, H. f. & T.
A slender, hardy woody climber. Stem angled, deeply furrowed, slightly hairy.
Leaflets 1-2 in., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenate or 3-!obed. Floicers brownish-
yellow ; pedicels 1-3-nate, short. Sepals oblong, acute, pubescent outside. Filaments
narrow-linear, 1-nerved, pilose ; anthers introrse. Achenes flat, margined, pubesceat. —
Intermediate between this and the following section.
Sect. III. Flamiuula, DC. Achenes with long feathery tails. Flowers
in axillary panicles.
* Sepals spreading from the base.
t Filaments glabrous ; connective of anthers not produced.
6. C. smilacifolia, Wall, in Asiat. Researches, xiii. 414; Cat. 4683;
glabrous, leaves large usually simple ovate or cordate coriaceous entire or
remotely serrate. Bot. Mag. t. 4259; H.f (^ T. FL Ind. 6. C. subpeltata,
Wall. Fl. As. Ear. i. t. 20; Cat. 4868. C. Muiiroana, JVig/d III. I 5, t. 1.
C. smilacina, Blume Bijd. 1.
Himalaya from Sikkim eastwards, ascending to 5000 ft. Khasla hills ; Concan ;
Tkavancor ; Ava, — Distrib. Java, Borneo, Philippines.
A tall, glabrous, woody climber. Leaves 3-10 by 1-7 in., rarely once ternate, upper
smaller, narrower and cuneate at the base. Panicles 6-12 in. Floicers 1-1 1 in. diam.
Sepals 4-0, coriaceous, oblong, at length reflexed, outside dull-brown tomentose, inside
deep purple. Filaments membranous, linear, glabrous, inner shorter with longer
anthers; cormective produced. Achenes flat, pubescent, margins broad.
7. C. triloba, Betjne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 251 ; silky, leaves small simple
or once ternate entire or 1-3-toothed or -lobed. DC. Prodr. i. 8 ; W. d' A.
Prodr. i.2;H.f(h T. Fl. Ind. 7.
Mountains of the Mawal district of the Dekkan, and W. Concan.
An extensive climber. Leaves or leaflets 1-2 in., elliptic-ovate or cordate, 3-nervpd.
Panicle many-flowered; lower bracts leafy. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., white. Sepals
4 6, membranous, oblong, silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear, glabrous.
8. C. grata, Wcdl. Cat. 4668 ; PI. As. Rar. i. t. 98 ; hoary-pubescent,
leaves simply pinnate. H.f. d T. P'l. Ind. 7.
Subtropical and Temperate Himalaya, from Kumaon westwards, alt. 2-8000 ft.
— Distrib. Affghauistan, China, trop. Africa.
b2
4 I. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. <fe Thoms.) [ClematL^.
A woody climber. Stem deeply furrowed. Leafets about 5, 1-2 in., broadly ovate
or cordate, acuminate, inci so-serrate or 3-lobed, villous on both surfaces or glabrate
above. Panicles often exceeding the leaves, decompound. Fhwers |-1 in. diam.,
cream-coloured. JSepals tomentose outside. Filaments narrow-linear ; anthers short.
Achenes densely pubescent. — Variable in habit and pubescence.
9. C. G-ouriana, Roxh. Fl. Ind. il 670 ; usually glabrous, leaves pinnate
2-pinnate or 2- ternate, tiowers very small in dense panicles. DC. Proilr.
i. 3; Wall Cat. 4673 ; W . d' A. Prodr. 2 ; Wighl Ic. t. 933-4; //./ <{: T.
Fl. Ind. 8. C. cana, WaU. Cat. 4672. C. Javana, DC Prodr. i 7.
Hilly districts from the Western Himalaya, alt. 1-3000 ft. to CEYLOKand the
Eastekx Peninsula.— DisTRiB. Java, Philippines.
An extensive climber, young parts pubescent. Leaflets membranous, ovate-oblong
or cordate, acuminate, shining above, sometimes pubescent beneath. Panicles usually
exceeding the leaves. Floicers ^-4 in. diam., yellowish or greenish-white. Sepals
oliovate or oblong, revolute, puberulous, edges tomentose. * lilamevts narrow-linear.
Achenes narrow-oblong, hairy. — Resembles C. iritalha, and is very variable; two forms
with many intennediatcs are widely diffused, one with larger leaflets tomeiito^c 1.. low
and less shining above, the other with leaves glabrous on both surfaces.
10. C. puberula, B.f. d; T. ; pubescent, leaves pinnate, lealiets siuipie
or 3-sect, tiowers small few (3-9) in a lax panicle.
Western Temperate Himalaya, from Simla to Garwhal; Kuasia hills, alt.
2-4000 ft
Climbing Stem deeply grooved, slender, downy. Leaflets membranous, 1-1 4 in.,
ovate- lanceolate, entire or remotely toothed, pubescence scattered. Panicles shorter
than the leaves; pedicels slender. Sepals 4 in., linear-oblong, acute, 3-nerved, silky
outside. Filaments narrow- linear ; anthers short. AcJtents silky. — Confounded in
Fl. Ind. with C. nutans.
ft Filaments glabrous; connective of anther more or less jrroduced.
11. C. hedysarifolia, DC. Syst.'i. 118; nearly gkbrous, leaves simply
pinnate, Icaticts reticulate, connective much produced. II. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 7.
{Fxcl. citation of But, Ileg.)
CoNCAN, Law; Belgaum, Pdtchie ; Peou, Ilore (in Brit. Mus.).
A woody climber. Leaflets 3-5, 2-4 in., coriaceous, ovate or cordate, acuminate,
entire or coarsely toothed. Panicles many-flowered. Flowers % in. diam. Sepals
4-5, long acuminate. Autlier-ceUs marginal. Achenes hairy, margins tubercled.
12. C. aploulata, H.f d T. ; pubescent, leaves 3-foliolate long pe-
tioled, connective very shortly produced.
Khasia hills; Nunklow, Griflith; Churra, H.f. <& T.
A woody climber. Leaflets short-stalked, ovate-oblong, acute, base rounded, coarselv
toothed from the middle upwards. Panicles niany flowered. Floicers small. S'pals
^-J in., oblong, tonieiito.se outside. Filaments broadly linear, short, scarcely exceeding
the anthers. Achenes broadly oval, hairy.
ttt Filaments hairy ; connective of anther not produced.
13. C. graveolens, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. i. 307 ; glabrous except
the tiowers, leaves pinnately decompound, sepals elliptic obtuse. C. parvi-
folia, H.f d T. FL. Ind. 9 {not of Ed.gtwortfi).
Western Temperate Himalaya, from Marri to Kulu and Kumaon, alt.
6-11,000 ft.
, A slender climber. Leaflets \-\ in., toothed or incised, or 3-lobed or -partite, ter-
minal bcgmeut oblong, acute or obtuse. Panicles 3-7-flowered; upper flowers olten
Clematis.] i. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 5
solitary with a pair of pinnate leafy bracts on the peduncle. Flowers l§-2 in. diam.,
pale yellow, odour heavy. Sepah ptibescent outside, densely tomentose inside. Fila-
ments narrow-linear. Achenes pubescent. — Resembles the European C. Flammula.
14. C. orientalis, L. ; glabrous, glaucous, leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate,
sepals ovate acuminate. H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 9.
Western Himalaya, dry itiner valleys from the Indus to Kumaon, ascending to
14,000 ft. Westkrn Tibet, T. T. — Distrib. Temp. Asia, from Persia to Manchuria.
A large woody climber, branchlets sometimes puberulous. Leaflets 1-2 in., orbi-
cular to ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire toothed or cut. Panicles many-flowered.
Flowers \\ in. diam., yellow or mottled with purple. Sepals 4, villous outside or on
both surfaces, edges tomentose. Filaments membranous, tapering from a broad base,
silky or ciliate. Achenes oblong, silkily hairy. — Very variable.
Var. 1. acutifolia; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers usually
large. C. tenuifolia, Boyle III. 51. C. graveolens. Hook. Bot. Mag. i. 4495 (not of
Lindl.). C. parvifolia, Edgeio. in Linn. Trans, xx. 25. C. Ispahanica, Boiss. Fl.
Orient, i. 3 (flowers small). C. longicaudata, Ledeh. Fl Boss. i. 3.
Var. 2. obtusifolia ; usually very glaucous, leaves oblong obtuse, flowers small .or
middle-sized. C. glauca, Willd.
Var. 3. latifolia ; glaucous, leaves orbicular or oval obtusely lobed, flowers middle-
sized. C. globosa, Boyle 111. 51 . C. albida, Klotzsch in Bot. Beis. Pr. Wald. t. 40.
15. C. Wigrbtiana, Wall. Cat. 4674; softlv downy, leaves pinnate,
sepals broadly ovate. W. <k A. Frodr. 2 ; Wight Ic. t. 935 ; H.f. d- T. Fl.
Ind. 10.
Hills of the Dekkan, Orissa, Concan and Nilghiri, ascending to 7000 ft.,
Wight, &c.
A large woody climber. Leaflets usually 5, 2 in., orbicular- or ovate-cordate,
3-5-lobed, densely villous and brown below, at length glabrate above. Flowers 2-24
in. diam., in decompound panicles. Sepals 4, brown-tomentose outside. Filaments
narrow-linear, silky below the middle, glabrous at the base and tip ; anthers short.
Achenes silky.
** Sepals erect, with recurved tips. Filaments hairy ; connective not pro-
duced.
16. C. nutans, Mot/le III. 51 ; silkily pubescent, leaves decompoundly
pinnate. H.f. S T. Fl. Ind. 10.
Western subtropical Himalaya, from the Sutlej to Kumaon, alt. 2-5000 ft.,
Boyle, &c. Khasia hills, at Nurtiung, alt. 4000 ft., H.f. & T. Behar, on Parasnath,
alt. 2000 ft.
Stem furrowed, slender, woody, climbing. Leaflets 1-3 in., ovate oblong or lanceo-
late, deeply acutely or obtusely 3-5-lobed, rarely entire. Flowers 1^-3 in. diam., in
much branched many-flowered panicles, pale yellow. Sepals oblong, many-nerved,
silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear, silky below the middle, tapering upwards ;
anthers short. Achenes large, ovate, silky-hairy,
17. C. acuminata, DC. Sijst. i. 148 ; glabrous except the flowers, leaves
once ternate, rarely simple. I)on Frodr. 192 : Wall. Cat. 4670; H.f. & T.
Fl. Ind. 11.
Temperate Himalaya, from Garwhal to Bhotan. Upper Assam, Mishmi and Pat-
kay, Griflith,
A large, woody, slender, branched climber. Leaflets 3-5 in,, ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate, shining, quite entire or minutely distantly toothed. Flowers 1-1 4 in.
diam., in decompound (sometimes few-flowered) panicles. Sepals oblong-lanceolate,
more or less pubescent outside, suberect or spreading. Filaments narrow-linear, ciliate
with long spreading hairs throughout. Achenes silky. — The following varieties may
prove species: —
6 1. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Clematis.
Yar. 1, WaUichii; more slender, leaflets smaller naiTOwer more membranous,
flowers fewer larger, bnds tomentose. — W. Himalaya, Nepal, Bhotan.
Var 2. Sildimensis ; leaflets larger, coriaceous, flowers very nuraerou's. smaller,
buds glabrous except tbe margins of the sepals. — Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., H. f. <£• T.
Misbmi and Naga hills, Griffith.
18. C. connatai DC. Prodr. i. 4 ; glabrous, leaves pinnate, sepals not
ribbed, filatiients tapering to a point. Wall. Cat. 4679 ; H.J. t(- T. Fl. Ind.
] 1 . C. venosa, Eoyle 111. 51 ; C. amplexicaulis, velutina, and gracilis, Edgew.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 24.
Tempkrate Himalaya, from Hazara to Sikkim, alt. 4-10,000 ft.
A large woody clin)ber, young parts with scattered hairs. LeafieU 3-7, distant,
2-4 in., broadly ovate-cordate, coarsely serrate or sub-3-lobed. Flowers in many-
flowered panicles. /Sepals oblong, subacnte, pubescent outside, densely tomentose
inside. Flaments narrow-linear below, hairy; anthers short. Achenes silky -pubes-
cent. — Closely allied to C. liitchanarnxna, but smoother, smaller flowered, and leaflets
narrower ; petioles often connate into a coriaceous or woody flat expansion.
19. C. Buchananiana, DC. St/st. i. 140 ; hoary or coarsely hairy, leaves
simply pinnate, sepals ribbed, filaments linear. //./. <{• 7\ Fl. Ind. 10.
Throughout the Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft. Mishmi, Griffith.
A large woody climber. Leaflets 5-7, 2-3 in., broadly ovate or suborbicular-cor-
date, obtuse or acute, coarsely serrate or 3-5 lobcd. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., \n branched
many-flowered panicles, often sweet-scented. Sepals linear-oblong, many-ribbed,
tomentose on both surfaces. Filaments densely hairy ; anthers elongate. Achenes
densely hairy. — Very variable, roughly divisible as follows : —
Vak. 1. rttgosa; stem tomentose, leaves rugo.se and reticulate while and hoary espe-
cially beneath. C. Buchnnaniana, Wall. Cat. 4677.
Var. 2. vitifolia (sp Wall. 6V. 4676) ; stem pubescent, leaves membranous slightly
pubescent.
Var. 3. tortvosa (sp. Wall. Cat. 4676) ; stem with long soft fibrous hairs, leaves
glabrous or veins only si.ky.
20. C. grewisBflora, DC. S>/si. i. 140 ; densely tomentose, leaves
simply pinnate, filaments filiform above. Dmi Frodr. 191 : Wall. Cat. 4678 ;
JI. f. <i' T. Fl. Ind. 10.
LoAVEu Temperate and Sdbtropical Himalaya, alt. 3-5000 ft., from Kumaon to
Bhotan.
A large woody climber. Leaflets 3-5, 3-4 in., broadly ovate-cordate, more or less
serrate, usually deeply 5-lobed. Panicles manv-flowered. Sepals 14 in., oblong,
densely tomentose outside, pubescent inside. Filaments 1 in., naiTow-lincar below,
covered with soft spreading hairs ; anthers very long, narrow, twisted after flowering.
Doubtful Species.
C. LOAs.BFOLiA, DC. Syst. \. 140; flowerless, doubtless either C. gretviaflora or
Wightiana. *
C. LOA8IFOLIA, Don Prodr. 191. Trobably C. Buchananiana.
C. scABioa^FOLiA, DC. Syst. i. 154. India? Herb. Mus. Paris.
C. viLLOSA, DC. Syst. i. 154. India ? Herb. Mus. Paris.
C. comosa, DC. Syst. i. 156. India? Herb. Mus Paris. {C. trilohaf)
C. GR088A, WaU. Cat. 4671 (not of Dent h.) Ava ; too imperfect for determi-
nation.
2. NAaAVEZ.ZA, DC.
Clinibing shrubs. Flowers in axillary 1-flowered peduncles. Leaves
3-foliolate, terminal leaflet generally transformed into a tendril Sepals
NaravcUa.'] i. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 7
4-5. Petals 6-12, narrow, longer than the calyx. Aclienes narrow, long,
stipitate, with long-bearded styles — Distelb. Two E. Asiatic species.
1 . W. zeylanica, DC. Si/st. i. 167 ; more or less pubescent, leaflets broad-
ovate, smmlsliiiear-s^atl^ Wall. Cat. 4687 ; Iv. S A. Frodr. 2 ; H.f.dh
T. FLlnd. 5. Atragene zeylanica, L.; Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. t. 188; FL Ind.
ii. 670.
Tropical forests of the Himalaya, from E. Nepal eastward, Bengal, Assam, E,
AND W. Peninsulas, Ceylon. — Distuib. Java.
Leaf, ts usually cordate at the base, entire or coarsely toothed, often tomentose below,
sometimes pubescent on the nerves -ordy. Flowers ^-f in. diam. ^Sepals pubescen t
outside, twice as long as the glabrous peta ls.
2. N. laurifolia, Wall. Cat. 4685 ; glabrous, leaflets narrow acuminate,
base usually acute, petals very long linear not spathulate. Fl.f. d' T. Fl.
Ind. 3. N. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat.46S (achenes diseased, subulate, beard-
less, corky, seedless).
Eastern Peninsula; Mergui to Malacca and Penang. — Distrib. Eastward to the
Philippines.
3. ANEIKEONE, Linn.
Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, lobed or divided. Floivers on 1- or more-
flowered simple or branched scapes ; involucre 3-partite, bracts free or con-
nate. Sepals 4-20, petaloid, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens many, outer
sometimes deformed or petaloid. Carpels many; ovule 1, pendulous.
Fruit a head of sessile achenes, with short or long naked or bearded styles.
— DiSTKiB. Cold and temperate regions, very rare in the S. hemisphere ;
species 80.
Sect. I. Pulsatilla, DC. Achenes with long feathery styles.
1. A, albana, Stev. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Mosc. iii. 264 ; softly hairy,
leaves pinnatisect, sepals erect. DC. Frodr . i. 17; H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 19.
A. Wallichiana, Royle III. 52.
Wkst Tibet; above 15,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. N. Asia, from Armenia
to Baikal.
Densely tufted. Rootstock thick, woody, clothed with old leaf-sheaths. Leaf-
segments pinnatifid ; ultimate broadly linear, incised. Scape 6 in., fruiting 12 in.
Invol. leaves connate at the base, 3-fid or pinnatifid above. Flowers solitary, nodding,
dull red-brown. Sepals with erect tips, silky outside, about asdong as the stamens. —
Probably an alpine state of the European A. pratensis, but the invol. is less divided.
Tibetan specimens are usually smaller than the Siberian, but not always.
Sect. II. Erioceplialus, //./. & T. Achenes with short styles, imbedded
in dense wool. ^
2. A. biflora, DC Syst. i. 201 ; rootstock tuberous, scape glabrous,
leaves 3-partite or 3-foliolate, segments rounded, flowers 1-3 small //./.
d) T. Fl. hid. 20. A. Gordschakowii, Kar. <k Kir. in PI. Soong. No. 14.
—Griff. It. notes, 349.
Kashmir ; in di-y stony places, alt. 4-6000 ft. — Distrib. Turkestan and E. to Persia
Scape 2-8 in., slender, usually quite glabrous. Radical leaves long-petioled ; seg-
ments suborbicular or broadly cuneate, palmately-lobed or partite. Invol. leaves
sessile, lobed to the middle. Floivers dull red ; pedicels pubescent, lateral with a.
2-leaved involucre, the terminal naked.
7
8 I. RANUNCULACEiK. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Anemone.
3. A. rupicola, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. 2 ; rootstock long slender
woody, scape silky, leaves 3-partite, segments acutely toothed or cut, flowers
1-2 large. H. f. dc T. Fl. Ind. i. 20.
Inner alpine valleys of the Himalaya, from Gores and Kashmir to Sikkim, alt.
12-15,000 ft., /ac7we7now<. &c.
^^cape 12 in., softly silky. Radical leaves longpetioled, segments more or less
petioied, sharply incised or 3-lobed. Invol. leaves almost sessile, S-lobed to the middle ;
segments toothed and cut. Fhicers showy ; lateral pedicels invnlucellate. Sepals 1-1 \
in., broadly oval, downy outside. Achenes in an oval head. — Variable in pubescence
and acuteness of leaf-lobes.
Vau. 1. sericea; leaves coarsely toothed, softly silky.
Var. 2. glahriuscula ; nearly glabrous, leaves sharply cut.
4. A. vitlfolia, Ham. ex DC. Syst. \. 210; rootstock stout woody,
scape branched many-flowered, leaves orbicular-cordate. Don Prodr. 193 ;
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3376 ; Wall. Cat. 4695 ; //./. d: T. Fl. hid. 20.
Tempehatk Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft. : in Sikkim found only on the inner ranges.
MisHMi, Griffith.
Stem 1-3 ft, stout, erect, branched. Radical leaves 4-8 in. diam., deeply 5-lobed,
glabrous above, densely tomentose beneath ; lobes sharply lobulate and cut. Jnvol.
leaves petiolate, like the radical. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam , white, in decompound cymes;
hiteral peduncles involucellate. Sej)als 5-8, silky outside. Achenes in large heads. —
Habit of A.japonica, but leaves 3-foliolate.
Sect. III. Anemonanthea, DC. Achenes ti\)])ed by a short style, not
imbedded in wool, oblong cylindric or slightly compressed.
5. A. Griffithii, H. f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 21 ; rootstock horizontal woody,
invol. leaves like the radical long-petioled free, scape 1-2-flowered.
East Himalaya. Lachen valley in Sikkim, alt. 8-9000 ft., H.f. ; Bhotan, near
Chuka, alt. 6000 ft., and Mi.«»hmi hills, Griffith.
A small plant. Leaven 3-partite ; segments cuneate at the base, tapering upwards
to a point, 3-lobtd; lobes inciso crenate. Flowers 1 in. diam., white or pinkish. —
Habit o{ A. nemorosa, L., and A. ranunculoides, L.
6. A. Falconer!, Thoms. in Hook. Tc. PI. t. 899 ; rootstock short stout
fibrous, invol. leaves small ses.sile connate, flowers solitary. H.f.d;T.Fl.
ind. 21. Hepatica sp., Falc. in Royle J II. 25 {in note).
West Temperate Himalaya, in shady woods; Kashmir, Falconer; Kishtwar,
Thovuon; Hazara, /. L. Stewart.
Softly hairy. Radical leaves many, long-petioled, 3-partite ; segments ovate-cuneate,
lobed. Scapes 3-6 in. ; invol. leaves oblong, entire or obtusely 3-lobed. Flovers ^-4
in. diam., white, shortly pedicelled. Achenes oblong, angled, silky. — Habit oi Hepatica,
but flowers pedicelled.
7. A. obtusiloba, Don Prodr. 194 ; rootstock woody fibrous, radical
leaves 3-partite, segments broad sessile, invol. leaves small sessile free,
scape 1-3- flowered. H.f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 22. A. Govaniana, Wall. Cat. 4688.
A. discolor, Royle III. 52. t. 11, /. 1. A. micrantha, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis.
Pr. Waldem. t. 38. A. mollis. Wall. Cat. 4689, in part
Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 9-15,000 ft.
Densely tufted, glabrate or softly hairy. Rootstock clothed with old leaf-sheaths.
Radical leaves many, stalked, suborbicular, deeply cordate ; segments broad, cuneate,
variously cut and lobed, rarely shortly petiolate. A^capes 6-12 in., 1-3- flowered;
invol, leaves 3-fid. Flowers white purplish or golden; pedicels long, slender. Sepals
3
Anemone.] i. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. <fe Thorns.) 9
silky outside, generally lead-coloured near the claw. Achenes strigose, rarely glabrous.
— Very variable in size, hairiness, and colour of flower ; the most abnormal torm is de-
scribed as var. glabra in FL Ind. iroiu W, Tibet ( Winterbottom), it is quite glabrous
with very many golden sepals.
8. A. rupestris, Wall. Cat. 4696; slightly hairy, rootstock stout
fibrous, radical leaves 3-partite, segments narrow petiolecl,^invol. leaves
small sessile free, scape 1-3-flowered. H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 21.
Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir and Hazara to Sikkim ; ascending to 15,000 ft.,
WalUch, &c.
Probably a state of A. obtusiloba, but smaller, more slender, less hairy, with narrower
segments to the more cut leaves. The Sikkim specimens have more divided leaves and
hooked glabrous achenes, but the latter are immature. — Flower golden yellow.
9. A. trullifolia, ZT. /. <& T. Fl. Ind. 22 ; densely hairy, rootstock stout
fibrous, radical leaves oval 3-lubed, in vol. leaves small sessile free, scape
1-3-flowered.
Alpine Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim, alt. 11-15,000 ft., Hooker /.; Bhotan,
Griffith.
Probably another form of A. obtusiloba, with more entire leaves, and more silky
hairs, the flowers are 2:olden yellow and achenes densely strigose. — Amongst Strachey's
specimens of^. obtusiloba, are some with similarly entire leaves, but they are longer-
petioled and less hairy than in A. trullifolia.
10. A. rivularis, Ham. in DC. Sysi. i. 211 {not of Wall. Cat); silky-
pubescent, rootstock stout woody, radical leaves 3-partite, segments lobed
and serrate, invol. leaves large free, cymes many-flowered. Bon Prodr.
i. 93 ; H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 23. A. hispida, Wall. Cat. 4694. A. Wightiana,
Wall. Cat. 4697; W. (k A. Prodr. 3; Wight Ic. t. 936. A. dubia. Wall.
Cat. 4698; W. & A. Prodr. 3 ; A. geraniifolia, Wall. Cat. 4693.
Temperate regions above 5000 ft. throughout India, and Ceylon.
Stem 1-3 ft., branclied. Badical leaves long-petioled, 3-6 in. diam.; segments
cuneate at the base, broadly oval or trapezoid, deeply 3-lobed, lobes cut and serrate.
Cyme compound; branches spreading, elongate, 2-bracteolate ; invol. leaves large, 3-
partite, ultimate segments linear-oblong, acutely inciso-serrate. Flowers I-I4 in.
diam., white or bluish outside. Sepals 5-8, silky outside. Achenes large, oblong;
style hooked. — A monster with the inflorescence or leafy umbel often 6 in. diam., is
common in the W. Himalaya.
Sect. IV. Omalooarpus, DC. Achenes with a short style, not imbedded
in wool, much compressed, almost winged. (Flowers usually many in the
umbels ; pedicels not involucellate.)
* Flowers in simple umbels {sometim.es compound in 12, polyanthes.)
11. A. demissa, //./. & T. Fl. Ind.-^"^ ; softly hairy, leaves 3-partite,
Segments petiolate, scapes decumbent.
Alpine Eastkrn Himalaya ; Sikkim, alt. 13-16,000 ft., Hooher f.
Rootstock woody, clothed with old leaf-sheaths. Leaves 1 in. diam.,orbicular ; seg-
ments cuneate-obovate, variously cut. Scapes 6-16 in., stout; invol. leaves small,
3-lobed. Flowers 3-6, 1 in. diam., bluish. Achenes very flat, orbicular, glabrous ;
style deflexed.
12. A. polyanthes, Dm Prodr. 194; densely silky, leaves 5-7-lobed,
scapes erect. //. / & T. Fl. Ind. 24. A. longiscapa. Wall. Cat. 4691. A.
scaposa, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 27. A. villosa, Hoyle III. 52. A.
Govaniana, lb. p. 45 {not. Wall, cit* Doii.)
10 I. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Anemone.
IxNER Himalaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft,; from Kashmir to Sikkim, Walli'ch, &c.
Rootstock stout, woody. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves long-petioled, 2-4 in, diam., reniform-
cordate ; lobes broad, cuneate, 3-fid and crenate. Umbels many-flowered, simple or
with the side branches divided and involucellate ; invol. leaves ciuieate-oblong, variable,
more or less cut. Flowers 1 in, diam., white. Achenes broadly oval, with a sharp
straight beak. — Perhaps only a form of A. narcissiflora, with less cut leaves, more com-
pound umbel, and differently shaped achenes,
13. A. narcissiflora, L. ; DC. Prodr, i. 21 ; densely villous, leaves
palmately 5-partite, segments deeply cut into linear lobes, scapes erect.
B.f.(i:T.Fl.Ind.M.
Kashmir, Falconer, Winterbottom. — Distrib. Alps of S, and Central Europe, W.
Asia, Siberia, N. W. America.
Very similar to and prob;ibly connected by intermediates with A. pnhjanthes, but
smaller, I It. high ; leaves 1-2 in. diam.; flowers simply umbelled, and achenes nearly
orbicular with an incurved beak.
** Flowers in umheh or cymes {see 12, polyanthes).
14. A. tetrasepala, /?oy« III. 53; glabrate, leaves deeply 5-lobed,
achenes obovate-oblong with a hooked beak. //./. <(♦ T. Fl. I ml. 24.
Western Himalaya, Marri, Kashmir and Kishlwar, alt. 8-11,000 ft.
liootstock woody, crown fibrous ; buds, petioles, and young leaves woolly. Badical
leaves 3-10 in. diam., long-petioled, coriaceous, reniform or cordate, deeply 5 lobed ;
segments acute, entire lobed or inciso serrate. Cyme of?en thrice branched, contracted
or efluse and 1 foot long; invol. leaves large, broadly cuneate, sharply toothed.
Flowers white, — A large robust species allied to A. polyanthes.
15. A. elong'ata, Don Prodr. 194 ; pubescent, leaves^ 3-partite, acliene.s
broadly oval with a short straight beak. II. f. d.' T. Fl. Ind. 25. A. rivu-
laris, Wall. Cat. 4(i92 {tmt of ot/wrs).
Temperate Himalaya, Garwhal, alt. 10,000 ft., Str. & Winterh.; Nipal, Wallich;
Khasia hills, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & T.
liootstock small, fibrous, /iiten 2-3 ft., slender, pubescent. Badlral leaves 2-4 in.
diam., long-petioled, orbicular, base cordate, with a tew soft hairs chiefly below; later.il
segments deeply 2-lobed, mid-segment 3-lobed ; lobes acute, inciso dentate. Cymes
elongate, few-flowered, twice or thrice divided, fascicles 2-3flowered. Invol. leaves
oblong or broad -cuneate, variously toothed. Flowers white, — llemarkable for the elon-
gate stems and 8cap«;s.
4. TKAZ.ICTRUM, Linn.
Erect, usually rigid, perennial herbs. Leaves compound ; petioles sheath-
ing, often auricled or stipuled. Flowers panicled or racenied, often poly-
gamous. Sepcds 4-5, petaloid, imbricate. Petals 0. IStamens many. Carpels
lew or many ; ovule 1, penduloust Fruit a small head of sessile or stalked
achenes ; style i)ersistent or deciduous.- Distrib. Temperate and cold
northern regions, very rare in the S. ; species 60.
Sect. I. Physocarpum, DC. Achenes stalked, laterally compressed,
flat or inflated. Leaves ternately decompound, or in 6, pauojUtrum. 2-ternately
divided.
1. T. eleg-ans, Wall. Cat. 4728; stem 8-12 in., leaves 2-3 in. glaucous
beneath, flowers small, anthers short mucronate, achenes long-stalked
ventral suture winged. Kotjle III 61 ; //./. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 13; Edgew. in
Trans. Linn. iSoc. xx. 26.
TJialictnim.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 11
ScBALPiNE Himalaya, from Hazara to Sikkim, alt. 10-13,000 ft.
Leaves decompound ; leaflets small, suborbicular, 3-lobed or -partite ; segments ob-
ovate. Panicle sparingly branched ; branches almost racemose. Flowers very small,
green-purple. Filaments filiform. Achenes 6-12, shorter than their stalks, obliquely
obovate, membranous ; stigma sublateral, incurved.'
2. T. platycarpum, //. /. d: T. Fl. Ind. 13; stem 8-18 in., leaves
2-3 in, glandular-pubemlous beneath, flowers small, anthers long not
pointed, achenes short-stalked strongly 3-ribbed on each side.
Alpine Himalaya and West Tibet, rare ; Nubra, H. Strachey ; Hundes, Str. &
Wint. ; Badrinath and Chur in Garwhal, Falconer.
. Habit and appearance of T. elegans, but more wiry, branches of panicle longer and
more leafy, and segments of leaves sharper. Flowers greenish. Achenes 4-10, gla-
brous, broadly obovate, dorsal suture nearly straight. — Probably an alpine state of T.
cultratum.
3. T. cultratum, Wall. Cat. 3715 ; PI. As. Par. ii. 26 ; stem 2-4 ft.,
leaves large, flowers greenish-white, anthers with a long point, achenes
short-stalked 3-ribbed on each side. T. Chelidonii /3, H. f. d- T. Fl.
Ind. 13.
Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft.
Glabrous, branched. Leaf-sheaths with small auricles; leaflets J-J in., obovate-
cuneate, membranous, glabrous or slightly pubescent below, obtusely 3-lobed, lobes
mucronate, of the upper leaves acute. Panicles lax. Sepals ^ in. Achenes glabrous,
4 obovate, dorsal suture straight ; style straight or hooked.
4. T. Chelidonii, DC. Prodr. i. 11 ; stem 2-8-flowered, leaves large,
flowers large lilac or purple, anthers shortly mucronate, achenes long-stalked
membranous reticulate, style incurved. T. Chelidonii y cysticarpum, H. f.
d: T.Fl.Lid. 14. T. cysticarpum. Wall. Cat. 3714; PI. As. Rar. ii. t. 129.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft. ; from Kulu to Sikkim.
Usually much-branched. Leaflets of the lower leaves I in. diam., orbicular-
cordate, 3-4-erenate or lobed, glabrous and pale beneath ; floral leaflets sharply toothed.
Panicle with long rigid branches; pedicels often 1 in., rigid, tips deflexed, especially in
fruit. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Achenes numerous, as long as
their stalk. — Muricated bulbils often occur in the leaf axils ; monstrous states have
many or all the achenes enlarged and seedless.
5. T. reniforme. Wall. Cat. 3716 ; PI. As. Rar. ii. 26 ; glandular when
young, stem 3-6 ft., leaves large, flowers small greenish-white, anthers with
a long point, achenes long-stalked puberulous 3-ribbed on each side, style
straight. T. Chelidonii a reniforme, H. /. d T. PI. Ind. 13. T. neurocar-
pum, Uoyle III. 51.
Temperate Himalaya, from Kulu to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft.
^ Usually much branched. Leaf-sheaths expanding into adnate stipules ; principal
divisions with white deciduous stipellae at the base ; leaflets I-I4 in. diam., orbicular-
cordate, often slightly 3-lobed, pale and softly pubescent beneath, floral smaller and
more sharply toothed. Panicle lax, decompound. Flowers smaller than in the two
last, l-\ in diam. Sepals very deciduous. Achenes 6-8, as long as their stalks,
^-obovate, dorsal suture straight.
6. T. pauciflorum, Royle III. 52 ; glabrous, stem 1-2 ft., leaves sub-
sessile 2-ternate, flowers small, anthers shortly pointed, achenes short-
stalked 3-nerved on each side, style straight. H.f. d- T. Fl. Ind. 14. T.
secundum and T. macrostignia, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 26.
Western Temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 7-13,000 feet.
12 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Thallctrum.
Stem branched. Leaves Rinall, uniform in size all up the stem ; leaflets obnvate-
cuneate, 3-4-lobed, reticulate, pale beneath, all petioled, mid-leaflets longest-petioled.
Panicle with 1 or few flowers at the ends of long branches. Sepals 3-nerved, ovate,
acute. Achenes 3-5, obovate, dorsal suture straight.
Sect. IT. Euthalictrum, DC. Achenes not compressed, oval or oblong,
sessile or stalked (see 11, aljnnum, and 14, Punduanum).
* Achenes elongate, more or less stipitate. Anthers with a very short
beak or 0.
7. T. virgratum, H.f. d- T. Fl. Ind. 14; leaves subsessile simply ter-
nate, flowers small white, achenes many small erect acute at each end
ribbed, stigma straight.
Eastern Himalaya, inner valleys of Sikkim, alt. 6-10,000 ft, Hook.f. Bhotan
Griffith (It. notes, 284).
Glabrous. Stem erect, 1-1 4 ft. Leaflets \-\ in., coriaceous, reticulate, orbicular,
5-7-lobed, base cuneate, glaucous beneath. Panicle decompound, spreading, bracts
minute. Anthers not beaked. Achenes 10-25, very shortrstalked.
8. T. rutcefolium, fl.f. dc T. FL Ind. 14; glabrous, weak, straggling,
leaves decompoundly pinnate, flowers racemed very small greenish, achenes
few many-ribbed oblong curved, style incurved.
Western Tibet, alt. 10-14,000 ft., Thomson; interior of Sikkim, alt. 12,000 ft.
Hook.f.
More or less glaucous. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaf sheath auricled ; divisions stipellate;
leaflets very small, 3-lobcd or -partite, base cuneate. Panicle with long rigid simple
branches; pedicels spreading or dcflexcd. Anthers short; shortly beaked. Achenes
shortly stipitate, abruptly deflexed, beaked by the style. — The Sikkim specimens are
greener and more luxuriant than the Tibetan, and have longer achenes.
9. T. pedunoulatum, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 27 ; leaves
3-ternate, flowers large white, achenes elongate strongly ribbed, style in-
curved. B.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 15 ; Griff. It in. not. 348.
Western Temperate Himalaya ; Simla to Kaffristan, alt. 6-8000 ft., Edgeworth, &c.
Glabrous. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves long-petioled, primary and secondary divisions
long-stalked; leaflets membranous, 1 in. diam., orbicular or cuneate-obovate, 3-7-
lobed. Panicle terminal; pedicels long. Sepals variable in size, ^-\ in., oblong,
obtuse, twice as long as the stamens. Anthers not pointed, short. Achenes 4-| in.,
Hnear-oblong, tapering at both ends. — Griffith's Kaflfristan specimens are larger flowered
than the Himalayan.
10. T. rostellatum, //./. d- T. Fl. Ind. 15 ; diffusely branched, leaves
ternately decompound, flowers small white, achenes tapering into a straight
beak half their length, tip hooked.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-11,000 ft., rare, from Simla, Jacquemont, &c., to
Sikkim, Hook.f
** Achenes short, oblong, ribbed, subsessile (stalked in 11, alpinum send
14, Punduanum).
t Leaves simple, once or twice ternate, or pinnate {rarely 2-pinnaie).
11. T. alpinuxn, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 12 ; small, slender, leaves all radical
pinnate rarely 2-pinnate, flowers racemed, achenes oblong striate subsessile
or stipitate. //./. d T. Fl. Ind. 18. T. micropbyllum and T. marginatum,
Royle El. 51. T. acaule, Camh. in Jacq. Voy. Pot. t. i. A.
Thaliotrum.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 13
Alpine Himalaya and West Tibet, alt. 10-17,000 ft. — Disteib. North Alpine and
Arctic regions.
A slender, tufted, glabrous perennial. Stem 3-6 in. Leaflets small, rounded, 3-lobed
or almost 3-partite, glaucous beneath. Scapes sin)ple, rar^dy forked ; pedicels short,
reflexed in fruit ; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, membranous. Flowers greenish. Anthers
beaked. Achenes few. — The length of the stalk of the achene varies in both European
and Indian specimens.
12. T. rotundifolium, DC. Syst. i. 185 ; leaves simple, stipules free,
filaments filiform, achenes with a straight beak hooked at the tip. Don
Prodr. 193 ; Wall. Gat. 2713 ; PI. As. Mar. t. 264 \ E.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 19.
NiPAL, Hamilton, Wallich.
Stem erect, 1 ft. ; roots fibrous. Leaves long-petioled, 2-3 in diam., orbicular or
reniform, with many shallow toothed lobes, membranous, much reticulate, scabrous on
both surfaces ; stipules oblong. Pa/iicZe few-flowered. -4 c/ie?ies immature.
13. T. Dalzellii, Hook. Lc. PI. t. 866 ; leaves 3-foliolate rarely £-ternate,
stipules free, panicle subsimple, filaments clavate, achenes with a long
straight beak hooked at the tip. H. /. <i; T. Fl. Ind. 10 ; Bah. <&; Gibs.
Bombay Flora^ 2.
Mountains of the Western Peninsula ; Hamchander, Dalzell ; Bababuden hills in
Malabar, Law.
Stem, erect, 1 ft. Leaves slightly sheathing atr the base; leaflets 1^-2 in. diam.,
reniform, deeply cordate. 7-9 lobed, lobes crenate or toothed ; stipules oblong. Panicle
small, branches few. Flowers white, fascicled at the ends of the branches. Achenes
many, sessile, ribbed.
14. T. Punduanuxn, Wall. Gat. 3712; PI. As. Par. ii. 26; leaves
2-ternate, sheaths auricled, panicle much branched, filaments filiform,
achenes manv small ribbed, beak long straight hooked at the tip. H.f.tk
T. Fl. Ind. r8.
Temperate Western Himalaya; wet rocks of Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 4500-
7000 ft. Khasia hills, rocks near Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft.
Stem 2 ft., erect. Leaves long-petioled, upper 3-foliolate; leaflets 1-2 in. diam.,
orbicular or oval, base cordate or truncate, 5-lobed, crenate, glaucous or tomentose be-
neath, lateral oblique ; stipels 0. Panicle nearly leafless. Flowers white. Achenes
sessile or stalked, beak nearly their own length. — Two well-marked varieties.
Var. 1, glaucum; leaves membranous, glabrous and glaucous beneath, achenes
sessile glabrous. — W. Himalaya and Khasia.
Var. 2. glandulosum ; leaves coriaceous viscidly pubescent beneath, achenes more
or less stalked glandular-hairy. — Khasia, with the former.
ft Leaves ternately or pimiately decompound.
15. T. saniculeeforme, DC. Prodr. i. 12; small, leaf subsolitary 3-4-
ternate, stipules almost free, filaments filiform, anthers short miicronate,
achenes many small ribbed with a long straight beak hooked at the tip.
H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 15. T. radiatum, Poyle III. 52.
Temperate Himalaya ; on wet rocks and tree trunks, from Simla and Kanawer
to Sikkim (alt. 8000 ft.).
Erect, 6-12 in., wiry, glabrous; root fibrous. Radical leaf often equalling the pa-
nicle, long-petioled, stem leaves few ; leaflets ^-\ in , orbicular or oval, base cuneate,
membranous, glaucous beneath, 3-lobed or -partite, lobes rounded or raucronate.
Flowers small, white. Achems sessile, oblong, as long as their beak. — Omitted in
Wallich's Catalogue, but distributed by him.
16. T. Javanicuxn, Plume Bijd. 2; tall, leaves ternately decompound,
stipules aduate membranous fimbriate, filaments club-shaped, anthers not
14 I. RANUNCULACE-fi. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Thalictmm.
pointed, achenes large strongly ribbed, beak short hooked. Miquel Fl Ned
Irid. i. pt. 2, 5. T. glyphocarpum, W. d- A. Frod. 2 ; Wight Ic. t. 48 ; //. f.
^ T. Fl. Ind. 16.
Temperate Himalaya, from Simla to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft. Khasia hills, nit.
5-6000 ft.; Parusnath in Behar, all. 4000 ft.; mountains of the We&terx Peninsula
and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java.
/S^em 2-3 ft., erect, glabrous ; roots fibrous. Leaves -viihowi stipels; leaflets mem-
branous, |-f .in. diam., membranous, orbicular or oval, obtusoly .S-7-tootlie«i at the lij>,
base rounded or cordate, more or less glaucous beneath. Panicle branched. Floirerj
often clustered at the ends of the branches, small, white. Achema 8,-15, huge,
oblong.
17. T. follolosum, DC. Sysi. I 175 ; tall, leaves pinnately decom-
pound, sheaths aiiricled, filaments filiform, anthers beaked, achenes few
acute at both ends sharply ribbed. D(m Prodr. 192; Wall. Cat. 3711;
Moyle III. 51 ; //./. <i: T. Fl. Ind. 16.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-8000 ft. Khasia hills, alt. 4-6000 ft.
Stem 4-8 ft., glabrous. Leaves very much divided, without stipels ; leaflets ^~\ in.,
rarely 1 in., orbicular. Panicle much branched ; bracts small. Flowers polygamous,
white pale green or dingy purple. Acheiits usually 2-5, small, oblong.
18. T. minus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 13: tall, leaves decompoundly pinnate
exstipulate, filaments filiform, anthers elongate apiculate, aclienes tapering
at both ends ribbed tipped by the oblong oblique style. //. /. d' T. Fl.
Ind. 16.
Inner valleys of the Temperate Himalaya, and in West Tibet, alt. 9-12,000 ft.
— Distrib. Europe, N. A^ia, Abyssinia, S. Africa.
Stem 2-4 ft., erect. Leaves bheathing, principal divisions with or without slipels :
leaflets very variable, orbicuUir oval or oblong, 3-lobed ; lobes crcnate or toothed.
Panicle much branched, leafless or nearly so. Floirern din{:y purple. Acheues .0-8,
oblong. — We have again comnared extensive suites of Kuropean, N. Asiatic, and Indian
specimens, with the aid of Kegel's mfnograph, and fliul no reason for modifying tlie
views expressed in Flora Indica, that all our Indian forms are referable to one species
which is very variable in foliage, but constant in flowers.— The most prominent Indian
varieties are : —
Vak. 1. vuhjare ; glabrous, leaflets small \-\ in. T. minus, Boiss. Fl. Orient.
i. 8. — The common European form, less common in Tibet than the following.
Var. 2. j'cetidum {sp. L.)\ glandular-pubeftent especially on the leaves beneath,
leaflets as ui vulgare. T. minus jS. glandulosum, Koch. T. vagiiuitum, Jioylc III. 52.
Var. 3. rnajus {sp. Jacq.)\ glabrous, often glaucous; leaflets 1 in., achenes rather
shorter and broader than in the common form. T. Keraense, Fries. T. Maxwellii,
lioyle III. 52. — Kunawer, Eoyle, d'c. Kaflristan, Grifith. — Indian specimens have
acutely 3-lubed leaflets, exactly agreeing with T. Kemense, Fr. In foliage it often
closely resembles T.Jtaimm.
5. CAI.Z.IANTKZ:i»IU2M[, C. A. Meyer.
A stemless perennial. Leaves all radical, 2-pinnate oV decompound.
/S'corpfS 1 -flowered. Sepals 5, deciduous. Petals 6-16^ with a nectariferou.s
pit on the claw. Stumens numerous. Carpels many ; style short; ovule 1,
pendulous. Fruit of many subglobose achenes tipped by the short style. —
Distrib. Two species, a European and Siberian, and the following :—
1. C. cachemlrianuin, Camf). in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. 3. C. pimpinei-
loides, //. /. d: T. Fl. Ind. 26. Ranunculus pimpiuelloides, Don in lioyle
III. 53.
Callianthemum.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 15
Inner ranges of the Himalayas, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from Kashmir, Jacquemont, to
Sikkun, Hooh.f.
Densely tiifte 1, glabrous, glaucous; root fibrous. Leaves very numerous, long-
petioled, segments rounded, 2-3-sect ; pinnules orbicular, deeply cut. Scapes 2-4 in.,
shorter than the leaves. Floivprs 1-1 4 in. diam., white. Sepals broadly elliptic.
Petals 8-12, 3 times larger than the sepals, oblong-cuneate, retuse. Aclitnea few, large,
ovoid, obtuse, rugose.
6. ADONIS, Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves much divided. Sepals 5-8, petaloid,
coloured, imbricate. Petals 5-i(), yellow or red, eglandular. Carpels m^wy ;
style short ; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit a spike or head of many achenes
tipped with a short persistent style. — Disthib. 3 or 4 European and Asiatic
species.
Sect. T. Adonia, DC. Annual erect herbs, with leafy stems and scarlet
flowers.
1. A. aestivalis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 24 ; petals spreading, achenes an-
gular, with a tooth on the inner angle near the beak. IP. dc A. Prodr.
i.Z; H. f. d' T. PL hid. 25. A. Inglisii, Royle III. 53.
Western Himalaya, in cornfields, from Kumaon to Kashmir, Hazara, and
Peshawur. — Distrib. Temperate Europe and Asia.
An erect annual, 1-2 ft., simple or branched, nearly glabrous. Leaves decom-
poundly-pinnate, segments filiform. Flowers solitary at the ends of the branches, vari-
able in size, scarlet with a dark parple eye. Achenes in an ovoid or oblong head, deeply
pitted. — Differs from A autumnalis in the spreading petals, but there are many inter-
mediates. The achenes afford a very variable character, too much used in dividing
varieties of this into species.
2. .A. scrobiculata, Boiss.; Fl. Orient, i. 17 petals spreading, achenes
angular surrounded near the broad base by a flattened almost winged
collar.
West Himalaya, Kishtwar, Steirart. — Distrib. Affghanistan.
Doubtfully distinct from ^1. ce^tivalls, and only by the achenes which are more sharply
angled, less pitted, and rough with small tubercles ; the upper achenes seem to lose the
basal wing. A. viarginata, Bieneit in Herb. Bunge, seems to be the same plant.
Sect. II. Consolig'o. Perennial herbs, with golden yellow flowers.
3. A. chrysocyatlius, //. f. d- T. ; petals at length spreading, achenes
not angular turgid, style tapering revolute. A. pyrenaica, H.f. i T. Fl.
Ind. 26 (not of DC ). Chrysocyathus (gen.), Falconer in Royle III in-
trod. XXX.
Western Alpine Himalaya, in Chamba and Kashmir, Jacquemont; Western
Tibet in Deotsu and Guge, Stracuey & Winterh.
Rootstock scaly, horizontal. Stems several, en ct, leafy, flowering 6-9 in., fruiting
15 in. Radical leaves petioled, 3-6 in., deltoid, pinnately decompound, segments narrow-
linear or subcuneate. Flowers golden-yellow, 2 in. and more diam., buds globose.
Sepals 7-8, obovate, acute, many-nerved. Petals 16-24, twice as long as the sepals,
narrow-obovate, obtuse. Achenes in a dense head, | in. diam , glabrous, flattened ante-
riorly, dorsally convex and obtusely keeled. — The foliage and flowers closely resemble
those of J., pyrenaica, to which in the absence of fruits we formerly referred it, and
from which it differs iu the numerous much smaller achenes.
16 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ranunculus.
7. RANUNCUIiUS, Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire lobed or dissected. Stipulrs
membranous or 0. Flowers usually panicled, white or yellow. Sej.Kils
3-5, caducous, imbricate in bud. Petals usually 5, rarely 0, often glandular
near the base. iStamens mstny. Cai-jiels many ; styles short ; ovule 1 ascend-
ing. Fmit a head or spike of beaked or apiculate achenes. — Distrib.
AU temperate and cold regions ; species about 160.
Sect. I. Batracliiuin. Water plants. Flowers white. Acltenes trans-
versely wrinkled, sometimes obscure!/.
1. R. aquatilis, L. ; var. tricho'phyUus ; leaves all submerged capil-
laceo-multitid, stipules |-adnate, auricles large, flowers small, stamens few.
K. aquatilis, Dmi in Royle III. 54 ; H. f. <S: T. Fl. Ind. 29.
West Himalaya, from Kumaon to the Indus. East and Weht Tibet. Plains
of the Pun.tah, as far south as Delhi and Saharunpore. — Distrib. Temperate N. and
S. hemispheres.
The Indian forms have been identified by Mr. Baker with trichophyllua, and its
^n\i\aiv'\ei\(iii Drouetli ?i.\\i\ pantothrix. Large flowered specimens from llanle in Tibet
differ from true aquatilis chietly in die absence of floating leaves. A small greener ter-
restrial variety grows in the Punjab. Floating leaves ar« invariably absent in the
Indian plant.
Sect. IL Ceratocephalus, Mcench (genus). Annual herbs. Floivers
yellow. Aclwnes gibbous at the sides, with a long terminal beak.
2. R. falcatus, L. ; leaves 3-tid or pinnatifid, scapes longer than the
leaves 1-flowered. Ceratocephalus falcatus, Fers. ; H.f. S T. Fl. Ind. 28.
C. orthoceras, DC; Deless. Ic. sel. i. t. 23. Anemone cynosurus. Griff.
Ic. in. iv. t. 660, f. 1.
Temperate Himalaya, from Kishtwar westwards. Punjab, dry grassy places at
Peshawur, Stexoart. — Distrib. S. E. Europe and W. Asia.
Glabrous or a little woolly. Ltaves all radical, segments narrow-linear, entire or
3-fid; petiole margined, tapering downwards. Scapes 1 or more, 1-3 in., longer than
the leaves. Fhiwtrs small, Stamens .0-15. Achenes with the beak straiqht or curved.
— Avery variable little plant, ol which 7 or 8 species have been made; Boissier re-
duces them to 2, a hooked and straight beaked, having never seen immediates, of
which we have seen many.
Sect. IIL Kecatonia, DC. Perennial, rarely annual. Floivers yellow
(in the Indian si)ecies). Advenes smooth or granular, not muricated or
tubercled, shortly beaked.
* Radical or all the leaves undivided (except sometimes in 7, jmlcliellus).
.3. It. Z<ing-ua, L. ; tall, erect, glabrous, leaves lanceolate, flowers large,
petals 5. DC*I'rodr. i. 32 ; D.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 30.
"West Himalaya ; Kashmir Lake, Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Temperate X.
hemisphere.
lioiAstock creeping. Stem 2-3 ft., hollow. Leaves 4-8 in., sessile, ^-ample.\ic;iul,
entire or remotely toothed, veins parallel, venules reticulate. Flowers subpanicled.
Achenes pitted ; beak broad, flat.
4. R. reniformls, Wall. Cat. 4709; erect, stem softly hairy, leaves
liroadly oval or orbicular coarsely toothed, petals 12-15. W. & A. Prodr. 3 ;
Wiijht III. i. t. 2 ; Ic. t. 75 ; H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 30.
Banunciihis.] I. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 17
Higher mountains of the Western Peninsula, Wight, &c.
EooUtoch stout, horizontal, densely fibrous. Stem 1-1 4 ft.; branches few, 1 -flowered.
Radical leaves 1-3 in., thick, base truncate or cordate, glabrate or sparsely setose;
cauline few, narrow, bracteiform. Fbwers 1 in. diam. Fetals obovate-oblong. Achenea
oblong, tumid, in a globose head ; beak straight.
5. R. sag-ittifollus, Hook Ic. PI. t. 173 ; erect, glabrous above, leaves
oblong-cordate or sagittate crenate, petals 5. H. f. (h T. Fl. Ind. 30. R
hastatus, Walker mss. ex Wight III. i. 5.
Mountains of Ceylon, above 6000 ft., Walker, &c.
Bootstock creeping. Stem erect, with scattered hairs near the base. Badical leaves
long-pe tided, base deeply cordate with rounded lobes; cauline narrow-lanceolate,
inciso-dentate or almost pinnatitid. Petals nearly orbicular. Achenes as in B. rent-
form,is. — Distinguished from R. reniformis chiefly by the few petals ; the leaves are
very variable in both. B.javanicus, BL, is closely allied, but quite glabrous,
6. R. Cymbalariee, Pursh. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 392 ; creeping, glabrous,
leaves oblong or orbicular 3-5-lobed, or -partite, petals 5-8. E. /. & T. Fl.
Ind. 31.
West Tibet, between 7000 and 17,000 ft,, Thomson. Interior of Sikkim, alt.
14,000 ft., Hook.f. — Distrib. Persia, Siberia, Arctic and cold temperate N. America,
Cordillera of N. and S. America.
Bootstock with long rooting runners; stem 0, Leaves ^-^ in. diam., base rounded
or slightly cordate. Scape erect, leaflets 1-8-flowered ; bracts at the forks, linear.
Flowers ^-i in. diam. Sepals spreading or reflexed. Achenes many, small, obovate,
compressed, gibbous at the back, sides longitudinally 3-ribbed ; beak straight or hooked,
— Variable in foliage and form of heads of fruit, and stolons sometimes absent.
7. R, pulchellus, G. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. ii. 333 ; erect, glabrous
hairy or silky, leaves elliptic oblong entire or 3-7-toothed or lobed, petals
5. //./. ct- T. Fl. Ind. 31. R. salsuginosus, Wall. Cat. 4708 {not of Don).
Ii. flammula, Don in Boyle III. 53 {not of Linn.). R. nephelegenes, Edgew.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 28.
Alpine Himalaya, in the inner ranges from Sikkim westward, and in Western
Tibet, from 10-18,000 ft.— Distrib, Affghanistan, Siberia, Mongolia.
Stem 3-12 in., simple or with a few 1-flowered branches. Leaves glabrous or pubes-
cent, sometimes palmately lobed; cauline lanceolate, often entire. Flowers \ in. diam.
Sepals elliptic, often black-tipped. Petals broadly obovate. Achenes in an oblong
head, small, inflated, glabrous ; style nearly straight. — Common and very variable,
states with broad deeply cut leaves pass into glabrous acheued states oi B. pedatijidus.
The R. longicaulis, C. A. Meyer, is another variety.
Var. 1. typicus ; leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent.
Var. 2. sericeus ; leaves densely silky. R. membranaceus, Boyle 111. 53.
8. R. lobatus, Jacq. ex Camh. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. i. B ; decumbent,
glabrous, leaves orbicular crenate coriaceous, petals 5. H.f. ch T. Fl. Ind.
31. R. salsuginosus, Don in Boyle III. 53 {7iot of Wall. Cat.).
Alpine Himalaya, in the inner ranges, alt, 12-16,000 ft. from Zanskar to Sikkim,
and in West Tibet, Jacquemont, &c.
Bootstock giving off weak decumbent leafy stems 2-3 in., not stoloniferous. Radical
leaves ^-1 in, diam., long-pe tioled, rounded or cordate at the base ; cauline similar but
shorter petioled, often 3-toothed. Flowers |-| in. diam. Sepals oval. Petals broadly
obovate. Achenes in an oval head, slightly compressed, beaked by the long straight
style. — Distinguished from B. pulchellus by the diffuse stem, large fleshy cauline
leaves and large flower, but intermediates occur.
VOL. I. C
18 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Hanunculiis.
** Leaves lobed or much divided. Achenes turgid, not margined, com-
pressed in 10, Chcerojjhj/llos {see 7, pulchellm).
9. R. hyperboreus, Rotlh. ; stem creeping stoloniferous, leaves 3-7-
lobed or capillaceo-multifid, flowers small solitary, petals scarcely exceeding
the sepals.
Inner regions of the Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, and in Western
Tibet, alt. 14-17,000 ft. — Distrib. Arctic and Alpine Northirn regions.
A small glabrous perennial, terrestrial or floating. Leaves orbicular or renifomi, base
sometimes cuneate, lobed to the middle or base. SejxiU refloxed. Petals obovate.
Achenes in dense heads, very small, oval, beaked by the short style. — Minute specimens
without stolons are undistinguishable from li. pygnueics, Vahl.
Var 1. typicus ; creeping on moist grountl, leaves very small 3-lobed to about the
middle, base rouuded or cuneate, head of achenes small. R. hyperboreus, H.f. (k T.
Fl. Ind. 32.
Var. 2. nutans, Kegel ; floating, leaves 4-1 in. diara., reniform 5-7 -lobed, heads of
achenes large. R. natans, C. A. Meyer; R. radicans, H.f.d; T. Fl. Ind. 32 {in
part) .
Var. 3. radicans; creeping in moist soil, leaves rounded or reniform 5-7-partite,
heads of fruit large. R. radicans, C. A. Meyer; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 32 (in part) ; R.
radicans a typicus, Eeyel.
Var. 4. niultijidus; floating, leaves capillaceo-mnltifid like li. aquatilis. R. Purshii,
Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. R. radicans y multitidus, lieycl. — Ladak, iSttwart.
10. R. Chaerophyllos, Linn. ; erect, pubescent or villous, leaves ter-
nately partite rarely entire, achenes compressed in an oblong head, beak
long straight. H.f. d; T. Fl. Ind. 33.
Wk.stern Tibet, mountains of Hasora, alt. 12,000 ft., Winterhottom. — Djstrib.
S. Europe, Asia Minor, Persia.
liootstock tuberous, with thick fibres. Stem 6-12 in., simple or with 2-4 long
1 -flowered bratiches. Radical leaves rarely oval and entire, usuallv with 3-pariitf or
variously cut segments, cauline few 3partite or linear and entire. Plowers 1 in. diam.
Sepals spreading. Achenes many, oval.
11. R, affinls, /?;*. ; erect or diffu.se, hairy, leaves pedately 5-9-lobed,
achenes in oblong heads inflated, beak straiglit. R. cx'spito.sus, Wall. Cat.
4701 ; //./. d: T. Fl. Itul. 33. R. pedatifidus, Led. {not Smith), R. dahu-
ricus, 2'arcz.
.Inner ranges of the Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Balt>, alt.
11-16,000 ft. ; and in Western Tibet. — Distrib. Temperate and Arctic Asia and
America.
Stems 6-12 in., often many, from a perennial, slender, branched rootstock. Radical
havt'S reniform, ^-1 in. diam., lobed to the middle or base, lobes oblong or linear ;
lower cauline with narrower segments, upper entire or S-o-partite. Flowers ^-§ in.
diam. Sepals silky. Achenes small, scarcely compressed. — Hardly different from the
Siberian R. amcenus, Led. {R. pedatifidus, Sm.)
12. R. hirtellus, Boyle III. 53 ; erect or decuml)ent, pubescent, leaves
3-pavtite, achenes in an oblong or globose head inflated, style straiglit or
hooked. II. f. (6 T. Fl. Lid. 34. R. attenuatus, nervosus choorensis and
glabratus, Royle III. 53.
Temperate and subalpine Western Himalaya, ascending to 14,000 ft. (a dwarf
large flowered state).
Rootstock densely filirons. Stems many, 1-1 i ft., branched, many-flowered (except
the alpine forms). Radical leaves 1^-2 in. diam., renilbrm, lateral segments often
deeply 2-lubed ; cauline palmately 3-5-partite. Fioicers i-| in. diam. Sf^pals wi;h
appressed hairs. Achenes many, glabrous or hairy. — Very variable, and closely allied
Ranunculus.'] i. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 19^
to the European R. auricomus, biit the achenes are smaller, less compressed, are in an
oval head, and the radical leaf appears never to be entire.
13. R. nivalis, Limi. ; small, erect, 1-flowered, shaggy above, leaves
3-6-lobed or -partite, sepals shaggy. R. f. (i' T. FL Ind. 35.
Alpine Himalaya. Tunkra pass in Sikkim, alt. 16,000 ft., Hooh. f. — Distrib.
Arctic Europe, Asia, and America.
Bootstock small. Stems subsolitary, 1-3 in., glabrous below. Radical leaves gla-
brous, segments 3-lobed; lower cauline petioled, upper gessile. — Apparently the same
as the arctic plant, but not found iu fruit.
14. B.. sceleratus, Linn.; annual, erect, glabrous, leaves 3-partite,
achenes many in an oblong head small obtuse or apiculate. Don Prodr. 195 ;
Eoyle III. 53 ; //./. & T. Fl. Ind. 35. R. indicus, Eoxb. FL Ind. ii. 657 ;
Wall. Cat. 4699.
River banks in Bengal and Northern India ; marshes of Peshawer ; warm valleys
of the Himalaya (unknown south of the Nerbudda). — Distrib. Throughout the North
temperate zone.
Stem 1-3 ft., often stout, fleshy and branched, rarely puberulous above. Leaves
with cuneate cut segments, cauline sessile. Flowers \ ^ in. diam. Sepals reflexed,
nearly equalling the oblong petals. Re&eptacJe oblong, hairy.
*** Leaves deeply divided. Achenes flattened, with an intramarginal rib.
(See 20, muricatus.)
15. B. diifusus, DC. ; diffuse or prostrate, hairy, leaves 3-partite.
achenes in globose heads dotted, receptacle of fruit small. Do7i Prodr. 195 ;
H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 36. R. napaulensis, DC. Prodr. i. 39. R. trilobatu^s,
Don Prodr. 194. R. geranioides, Blume Bijdr. 2. R. hydrocotyloides. Wall,
Cat. 4703. R. mollis. Wall. Cat. 4704 ; Don in Royle III. 53. R. obtectus.
Wall. Cat. 4705. R. vitifolius, Roijle III. 53. R. subpinnatus, W. & A.
Prodr. 4; WigM Ic. t. 49 ; H.f. (h T. Fl. Ind. 36.
Temperate Himalaya, from the Chenab to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft. Higher moun-
tains of the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.
Perennial, covered with spreading hairs ; nodes at times rooting. Leaves softly
hairy, segments cuneate, of lower leaves often stalked. Peduncles 1-flowered, terminal
or leaf-opposed. Flowers ^-1 in. diam. Sepals hairy, Achenes ovate, compressed,
with an intramarginal rib at a variable distance from the acute margin ; style short,
straight or hooked. — Peninsula specimens have usually larger flowers and more divided
leaves. — Near R.repens, L.
16. R. leetus, Wall. Cat. 4702 ; erect, appressedly hairy, leaves 3-partite,
achenes in a globose head not dotted, receptacle of fruit oblong glabrous.
//./. <h T. Fl. Ind. 36 {excl. syn. R. riparius, Edgew.) ; Royle III. 53. R.
distans, Royle III 53. R. brevirostris, Edgew. in IVans. Linn. Soc. xx. 28.
Temperate Himalaya and Western Tibet. Common on the inner ranges only of
Sikkim. — Distrib. Aflghanistan.
Rootstock woodj. Stem 1-2 ft., usually much branched, many-flowered; hairs
white. Radical leaves 2-4 in. diam. ; segments cuneate-obovate, deeply cut ; cauline
sessile. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals villous. Achenes many, oval, margined, rather
large; style short, straight, broad at the base. — Closely allied to and perhaps a var. of
R. acris, L.
17. R. pensylvanicus, Linn. ; erect, hirsute, leaves ternatisect, achenes
in oblong or globose heads, not dotted, receptacle pilose. R. librosus. Wall.
Cat. 4706 : Hook.f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 37. R. chinensis. Lunge; H.f. <L- T. Fl.
Ind. 38. R. riparius, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 28. Ranunculi, sp.
Griff. Ic. PI. iv. t. 661.
c 2
20 I. RANUXCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ranunculus,
Swamps and rice fields in Nipal, Wallich; banks of the Sutlej at Lndiana, and
Ganges at Bhojpur, Edgeicorth. Assam, and Khasia hills, up to 6000 ft., H.f.d; T. —
DiSTRiB. N. China, Amur-land, N. America.
Stem 2-3 ft., prostrate and rooting at the base only, branched. Radical leaves long-
petioled, leaflets long-stalked. 3-partite and deeply cut into linear segments ; cauliiie
shorter petioled, upper subsessile. Flowers about 1 in. diam. Sepals reflexed. Achenes
many, large, with an intramarginal rib and short straight beak. — Very variable in the
shape of the head of achenes, and in the prominence and position of their intramarginal
rib; but a large suite of specimens convinces us of the specific identity of all the forms.
Sect. IV. Echlnella, DC. Annual, rarely perennial. Floivers small,
yellow. Achenes echinate or tubercled (rarely smooth in 20, muricaim).
18. B. flacddus, //./. dc T. Ft. Ind. 38 ; perennial, tufted, prostrate,
leaves reniform or orbicular creuate glabrous, achenes beaked, rough with
small tubercles.
Temperate Himalaya, in the upper forest region, from Kumaon to Bhotan, alt.
9-10,000 ft.
Patches large, dense, green, appressed to the ground ; stems filiform ; nodes often
rooting. Leaves \ in. diam. or less, 3-5-crenHte. Floirers minute, | in. diam., solitary,
Icflfopposed. Sepals reHe.xed, nearly equalling the petals. Achenes 6-12, pubescent,
oval, not much compressed, beak short retlexed.
19. R. Wallichianus, W. db A. Prodr. i. 4 ; perennial, prostrate, hairy,
leaves ternutipartite, achenes compressed orbicular tubercled. — Wif/ht Ic.
t. 937 ; H./. <L' T. Ft Ind. 38. K. pinnatu.s, Wight III. i. G, not of Pmret.
Temperate zone of the mountains of Ceylon and Nilohiri.
/S'lteww spreading and rooting at the nodes from the perennial rootstock, hirsute, rarely
glabrate. Mvdical leaves \~\)^ in. diam. ; segments stalked, obovatecuneatc, sharply
cut and toothed ; cauline 3 partite. Peduncles 1-fiowered, leaf-opposed and terminnl.
Flowers \ in. diam. Sepalx reflexed, much shorter thau the petala. Achenes flattened,
n.argined, both dotted aud tubercled.
20. B.. murlcatus, Linn. ; annual, erect or diffuse, glabrous, rarely
luiiry, leaves .i-iid, achenes oval tiattened tubercled or spinous, rarely smooth.
//./. d: T. Fl. Ind. 39. R. Cabulicus, Bolss. Uingn. ser. 2, 9.
Swampy places, at low elevations, in the Punjab-Himalaya, and in the plains at
Peshawur and Amualla}!. — Distkiu. Europe, W. Asia, temperate N. America.
Stems 4-12 in. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., lobes irregularly cut, base roumled or cordate,
of the upper cuneate. Flowers 4-i in. diam., solitary and leaf-opposed, or terminal
and panicled. Sepals reflexed, rather shorter thau the petals. Achenes in a large
globose head, ^ in. long, tubercK-s scattered over the flattened sides, or confined to near
the intramarginal rib ; beak straight, compressed, ribbed, tip hooked,
21. R. arvensis, Linn. ; annual, erect, much branched, glabrous, or
silky above, radical leaves cuneate or obovate 3-5-toothed, cauline 3-partite,
achenes few large obliquely obovate not margined, densely spinous. Wall.
Cat. 4700 ; lioyle lU. 53 ; //. /. d; T. Fl. Ind. 39. R. tuberculatus,
IJC. Prodr. i. 41.
We8terx Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon. — Distrib. Europe, Asia Minor,
Aflliihanistan, Western Liberia.
Stem solitary, 0-24 in. I^eaves variable, lowest 1-2 in., soon withering, segments of
cauline cut into linear lobes. Flowers .^ in. diam. Sei^als appressed to and half the
length of the petals. Achenes 5-10, usually clothed with hooked spiues ; style straight
or hooked.
Ranunculus.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 21
DOUBTFUL ANT) EXCLUDED SPECIES.
R. vestitus, Wall. Cat. 4707. The specimens consist of a few long-pe tided radical
leaves. ,/
R. bvlbosus, L. (H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 37). Probably intercalated by mistake amongst
Boyle's Indian Plants. It has been found by no one else.
8. OX'SrGKiLPHIS, Bunge.
Dwarf perennial glabrous stemless plants, with 1-flowered scapes. Lmws
entire. Flov.>ers regular, yellow. /Sepals 5, persistent, enlarged after flower-
ing. Petals 10-15, with a nectariferous pit on the claw. Stamens many.
Acfienes many, membranous, in a globose head, beaked by the straight subu-
late jiersistent style. Seed erect. — A genus of two species, differing from
Ranunculus in the persistent sepals.
1. O. g'lacialis, Bunqe En. PI. Alt, 35; leaves elliptic-oblong, scape
solitary. //. /. d; T. Fl. Ind. 27. Ficaria glacialis, Fisch.
Alpine Himalaya; Kumaon, Strachey & Winterb. ; Sikkim, alt. 16-18,000 ft.,
Hook. f. — DisTRiB. Siberia, Daliuria.
Root fibrous. Lemfes ^-1^ in., somewhat fleshy, obtuse, entire or crenate; petiole
as lon^', sheathing at the base. Scape erect, 1-4 in., thickened upwards. Flowers
I in. diam. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Petals 12-15, naiTow-oblong, twice as long as the
sepals.
2. O. polypetala, R.f. <& T. FL Lid. 27 ; leaves orbicular crenate-lobed,
scapes usually several. Kanunculus polypetalus, Royle III. 54, t. 11, f. 2.
Callianthemum Endlicheri, Walj). Rep. i. ;33.
Inner Alpine and TibetAn Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 12-15,000 ft.
Small, tutted; roots fibrous. Leaves ^-2 in. diam., membranous, base cordate, some-
times with 3 crenare lobes, /Scapes 2-4 in., weak. i^/o2^er5 1 in. diam. Pe^aZs oblong-
spathulate. Achenes as in 0. glacialis.
9. CILI^TIIA., Linn.
Herbs with stout creeping rootstocks. Leaves clnefly radical, ovate or
cordate. Flowers few, terminal, regular, white or yellow. Sepals 5 or more,
petaloid, deciduous, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens many. Carpels several,
sesdle. Follicles many, many-seeded. Seeds many, 2-seriate, with a promi-
nent raphe and tliick funicle. — Uisteib. N. and S.' temp, regions; sp. 5-6.
1. C. palustris, Linn. ; stem branched leafy, leaves reniform or deltoid
with spreading lobes. //./. & T. Fl. Ind. 40. C. Himalensis, Don Prodr.
195 ; Royle III. 54. C. Govaniana, Wall. Cat. 4710 ; Royle III. 54. C. pani-
culata, Wall. Cat. 4711.
Marshes of the Western Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Nipal, alt.
8-10,000 ft. — DisTRiB. Temperate Europe, Asia, and N. America.
hootstock. stout, densely fibrous. Stem stout, 6-24 in. Hadical leaves long-petioled,
2-5 in. diam,, entire or finely or coarsely toothed ; upper sessile. Flowers 1-2 in. diam.
Follicles variable in number and length of style. — The leaves are never quite entire in
Indian specimens, and are often more closely- and smaller-toothed than iu European.
Var. 1. normalis; flower yellow.
Vak. 2. alba; flowers white.— C. alba, Jacq. ex Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. vi. t. 4.
2. C. scaposa, //. /. <Ss T. Fl. Ind. 40 ; leaves all radical oval, scapes
many 1-flowered.
22 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Caltha.
Eastern Alpine Himalaya, Sikkini, in marshes, alt. 15-17,000 ft., HooTc.f.
Rootstock densely fibrous. Leaves all radical, 1-1 4 in. diam., lon^i-pefioled, obtuse,
base deeply cordate, entire or finely repand-crenate. Scapes many, 3-6 in. Flowers
1 in. diam. JSepaU 5-6, oval, somewhat persistent. Follicles many, stalked.
10. CAZiATKODSS, H. f. & T.
A perennial, erect, leafy herb. Lenve.% palmati}»artite. Flowers terminal,
regular, large. Sejxds 5, golden-yellow, deciduous. Petals 0. Carptls
many ; ovules 8-10, 2-seriate towards the base of the carpel. Fnni un-
known. — Intermediate between Caltha and 2'rdliaSy having the apetalous
flowers of the former, and divided leaves of the latter.
1. C. palmata, H.f. d; T. Fl Ind. 41.
Eastern Temperate Himalaya, Sikkira, alt. 10,000ft., HooTc.f.
Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched. Leavs 2-4 in. diam., radical soon withering;
cauline 3 partite, segments cuneate at the base, deeply 3-lubed, lobes acuminate inciso-
serrate, petiole with a basal inflated membranous sheath. Flowers nearly 2 in. diam.
11. TROZiZiZUS, Linn
Erect, perennial herbs. Leaves palmate. Flowers terminal, regular, glo-
bose or subglobose. Sepals 6 or more, petaloid, coloured. Petah 5 or more,
small, clawed, blade with a basal pit. Stamens very many. Carjiek 5 or
more, sessile ; ovules many, 2-seriate. Seeds angled, testa coriaceous. —
DiSTRiB. 9 species, N. temperate and arctic.
1. T. acaulis, Lhidl. in Bat. Reg. 1842 ; Misc. 56, and 1843, t. 82 ; stem
leafy above the middle, petals short-clawed. //./. dD 2\ Fl. hid. 41. T.
purnilis, lioijle III. 54 {jioi of Don).
Western Alpine Himalaya, from Kuniaon to Kashmir, alt. 11-13,000 ft.
Rootstock stout, fibres thick. Stem simple, 3-6 in. in flower, 12 or more in fruit,
base clothed with fibres. Leaves appearing with or after the flowers; radical long-
petioled, palmati-5-partite, segments oblong lanceolate, incised; cauline 1-3, similar;
base of petiole sheathing. Flowers 2 in. diam., solitary. Sepals 6-8, broad-oval,
spreading, obtuse or entire. Petals 12-16, shorter than the stamens; blade oblong.
('urpels many, ripe 1 in., membranous, wrinkled, style persistent. Very near T. laxus,
Salisb. {americanus, DC), &nd patiUus, Salisb.
2. T. pumilus, Don Prodr. 195; cauline leaves few, all below the
middle of the stem, petals long-clawed. — H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 41.
Alpine Himalaya, in the interior ranges; Kumaon, alt. 14,000 ft,; Nipal; Sikkim,
alt. 15-17,000 ft.
Rootstock horizontal. Stems 6-12 in., naked above, base clothed with old leaves.
Leaves 1-2 in. diam., radical long-petioled, orbicular, coriaceous, 5-partite ; segments
broad-obovate 3-lobed, toothed, base cuneate. Flotcers 1 in. diam., solitary. Sepals
6-6, rounded, tip obtuse, notched, subpersistent. Petals 10-12, equalling the filaments,
blade cuneate-oblong, obtuse, tip thickened. Follicles many, membranous, beaked by
the short style.
12. COPTXS, Salisb.
Small stemless herbs ; rootstock perennial. Jjeaves tematisect. Flowers
regular, small, white, on slender leafless scapes. Sepals 5-6. Petals 5-6,
clawed, hooded or linear. Carpels few or many, pedicelled, spreading ;
Coptis.] I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 23
ovules many. Follicles many-seeded. Seeds with a black cnistaceous testa.
— DiSTEiB.. North temperate zone ; species 6.— Genus too nearly allied to
Isop^imm.
1. C. Teeta, Wall, in Trans. Med. & Phys. Soc. Gale. viii. 347 ; H. f.
dh T. Fl. Ind. 42 ; Griff. Journ. 37 ; Notul. iv. 733, Ic. iv. t. 660, f. 2.
MisHMi Mts., east of Assam, in the temperate region.
liootstoch horizontal, golden yellow, woody, densely fibrous, very bitter. Leaves
glabrous; petioles 6-12 in. ; leaflets 2-3 in., ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, lobes incised,
terminal largest. Scape slender, equalling the leaves. Flowers 1-3, pedicelled, bracts
leafy. SepuU ^ in., oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals narrow, ligulate, obtuse, |
shorter than the sepals. — Characters taken chiefly from Wallich's description; Griffiths'
specimens are in leaf only. The very bitter rootstock is much used as a drug in
Bengal.
13. ISOPVRUia, Linn.
Small stemless herbs ; annual, or rootstock perennial. Leaves decompound.
Flowers regular, white, few or solitary, on leafless or leafy slender scapes.
Seimls 5-6, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5, variable, very small or 0. Stamens
10 or more. Garpels 2-20, sessile ; ovules 3 or more. Follicles few or many-
seeded. Seeds with a smooth or granulated testa, crustaceous. — Disteib.
North temperate regions ; species 7.
1. I. adiantifolium, H. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 42 ; cauline leaves opposite
or whorled compound, petals long-clawed, carpels 3.
Temperate Eastern Himalaya, outer moist valleys of Sikkim, alt. 7500 ft.,
HooJc.f., &c.
Rootstock slender, horizontal, scaly. Radical leaves long-petioled, stipellate at the
toj) of the petiole ; terminal segment simple, lateral compound ; leaflets 5-7-petiolu!ate,
-^-4 in., cuneate at the base, obtuse, crenate. Flowers 4 in. diam.
2. X. thalictroides, Linn. ; cauline leaves alternate 3-lobed or 3-folio-
late, petals hooded shortly clawed, carpels 2-4 DG. Prodr. i. 48 ; H.f. d' T.
Fl. Ind. 43. I. anemonoides, Kar. <k Kir. En. PL Soong. No. 55.
Temperate Western Himalaya, north of Kashmir, Winterhottom ; Lahul. —
DisTRiB. Affghanistan, Siberia, E. Europe.
Rootstock horizontal, fibrous or scaly. Stam 4-8 in., slender. Radical leaves 2-3-
ternate; leaflets 2-3-lobed, cuneate at the base, membranous. Flowers 4 in. diam., in
few-flowered terminal panicles. Sepals oval, obtuse. Petals with a filiform claw.
Follicles 2-4, oval, beaked by the style. — The petals are very variable in European
specimens.
3. 1. grandlflorum, Fisch. in DG. Prodr. i. 48; leaves all radical 2-4
times ternatisect, carpels 3-7. Wall. Gat. 9123 • Royle III. 54, t. 11, f. 3;
H.f. rf- T. Fl. Ind. 43. I. microphyllum, Moyle III. I.e. f. 4.
Western Alpine Himalaya, from Kuraaon to Balti, alt. 13-17,000 ft. — Distrib.
Siberia.
Stems densely tufted ; rootstock wstout, clothed with rigid bristles. Leaves long-
petioled ; petiole auricled at the sheathing base ; leaflets small, cuneate-obovate, 2-3-
lobed. Scapes 3-4 in., equaUing the leaves, with 2 small subopposite bracts. Floiuer
sohtary, 1-1 ^ in. diam.
14. AQVIZiEGZA, Linn.
Erect, perennial-rooted herbs. Leaves ternately compound. Flowers re-
gular, handsome, drooping, white purple or yellow. Sepals 5, regular,
24 I. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Aquilc/jia.
coloured, deciduous. Pekds 5, funnel-shaped, produced into a spur at the
base. Stamens many, inner reduced to scales. Cai-pels 5 or more, sessile ;
ovules many. Follicles many-seeded. Setds with a crustaceous testa. —
DiSTRiB. North temperate zone ; species 6 or 6, with many subspecies and
varieties.
1. A. vulgraris, L. ; glabrous or pubescent, stem usually branched, leaves
biternately compound, lobes incised sessile or petiolulate, sepals If^rger than
the carpels and stamens, spur of petals gradually narrowed to the point.
Western]} Temperate and ScBJiXiiNB Himalaya. — Distrib. Temp. Europe and
Asia
SuBSP. 1. vulgaris proper; glabrous or slightly pubescent, sepals ovate obtuse, spur
hooked as long as the blude of the petal. — A. vulgaris, DC. &c. — Tibetan region.
Sunsp. 2. viscosA ; habit, &c. of vuUjaris proper, but smaller, odorous, and covered
with glandular hairs. — A. viscosa, Gouan, &c. — VVestern Tibet, abundant.
SuBsp. 3. PUBiFLOKA ; sot'tly pul)escent, sepals ovate-lanceolate tapering to a fine
point, spur short much curved. — A. pubitiora, Wall. Cat. n. 4714; lioyle III. t. 55. —
Temperate outer Himalaya.
Sunsp. 4. ALPiNA ; pubescent or glandular, leaflets generally much cut, flowers very
large, sepals obtuse or subacute, spur nearly straight. — A. alpina, L., &c. ; Deless.
Jc. i. t. 48. A. glandulosa, Fisch. in DC. Frodr. i. 50. — Alpine region of the West
Himalaya.
SuBsp. 5. PYRENAiOA ; softly pubescent or glandular often glaucous, flowers often
wbite and sweet-scented, sepals ovate acute, spur very long slender straight or hooked.
A. pyrenaica, DC. Frodr. i. 50. A. Kanawarensis, Camh. in J acq. Voy. Dot. t. 5 ;
Fot. Man. i. 4493. A. Moorcroftiana, Wall Cat. n. 4713; lioyle. 111. 55. A. Olympica,
Doiss. tl. Orient, i. 71. A. glauca, Lindl. Lot. lieg. xxvi. t. 46. A. fragrans, Benth.
in Maun d^ 8 Botanist, iv. t. 151. — Alpine and temperate western Himalaya and Tibet,
alt. 10-14,000 it.
Suiisp. 6. JucuNDA ; stem simple, 4-8 in. leafless or with one small leaf, flower very
large dark purple, sepals very broadly ovate, spur bhurt much incurved. — A. jucunda,
Fisch. <Jb Met/.; Ltd. Fl. Ross. i. 736. — Kasbmir.
15. DZ:Z.PKZNZUM, Linn.
Annual or perennial erect herbs. Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers
racemed or panicled, irregular, white blue or purplish. Sepals 5, free or
cohering at the base, dorsal spurred behind. Fttals 2-4, small ; spurs of
the 2 dorsal developed within that of the sepal ; 2 lateral spurless or 0.
Stumeiis niany. Follicles 1-7. Seeds many, testa wrinkled or plaited. —
DisTRiB. N. temperate zone ; species about 40, very variable.
* Spur cylindric or inflated (not subulate or conical).
1. D. uncinatum, H.f.dbT.; leaves 5-partite, segments inciao-pin-
natifid, flowers \ in. long, spur inflated houked obtuse. D. penicillatum,
//./ (t T. Fl, Ind. 48, not of Boissler. D. vestitum, Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 92, not
of Wall. <&; Royle.
Salt range of the Punjab, Vicary, and West Hjmalaya, from Banahal to Marri ;
on dry hills, Winterbottom, &c.
Stem 1-2 ft., simple or sparingly branched, pubescent or glabrous, few-leaved.
Radical leaves 2 in. Flowers in long many-flowered densely glandular-hairy or glabrous
racemes. Spur equalling or shorter tlian the flower, more or less incurved. Anterior
petals deeply 2-fi_d, densely hairy. Follicles 3, straight.
A West Asiatic form, which we formerly identified with D. penicillatum of Boissier,
who, however, wiih far better materials before him, considers it distinct. The glabrous
form was found at the JMargala pass, near Kawal Tiudi, by Major Vicary.
Delphinium.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 25
2. D. Inoanuxn, Royle III. 55 ; leaves 3-partite, segments, multifid,
flowers 1^ in. long, spur almost straight cylindric. H.f. <£• T. Fl. Ind. 50.
Western Temperate Himalaya, from Gores and Kashmir to Kuiiawer, alt.
6-8000 ft.
Stems 1^-3 ft. ; simple below, leafy, hoary all over. Radical leaves soon withering,
2 in. diani., segments subpinnatifid, lobes linear or incised ; can line subsessile. Racemes
simple or compound, terminal, long and dense flowered ; pedicels 1 in. ; bracteoles 2,
linear. Flowers large, bright blue. Sepals pubescent outside, shorter than the spur.
Anterior petals 2-fid, hairy. Follicles 3, puberulous.
** Spur subulate.
t Radical leaves divided to, or almod to the base (see 8, elatura).
3. D. saniculaefoliuxn, Boiss. Fl. Oiient. i. 91 ; stem 1-2 ft., racemes
long many-flowered, flowers about | in. long pale blue. H. f. <& T. Fl.
Ind. 49.
Western Punjab, on dry hills from the Indus to the Jelam, Fleming. — Distrib.
Aflfghanistan.
Branches rigid, spreading, hoary with appressed pubescence or glabrate. Leaves
1^-3 in. diam., firm, lateral segments deeply 2-lobed, lobes all cuneate and cut. Pedi-
cels straight, spur rather larger than the pale blue flowers. Anterior petals 3-fid,
white, back hairy. Follicles 3, glabrous or pubescent.
4. I>. denudatuxn, Wall. Cai. No. 4719 ; stem 2-3 ft., racemes many-
flowered, flowers nearly 1 in. long. H.f. c& T. Fl. Ind. 49. D. pauciflornm,
Royle III. 55 [not of Don).
West Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon in grassy places.
Stem branched, glabrous or downy above. Radical leaves 2-6 in. diara., orbicular,
5-9-partite ; segments cuneate-obovate, 2-pinnatifid, lobes oblong or hnear-oblong ;
cauline few, uppermost 3-partite, segments linear entire. Flowers pale blue, in lax
much-branched racemes; bracts linear ; pedicels 2-bracteolate. >6'epa/s pubescent nut-
side, yellow with blue margins. Anterior petals deeply 2-fid, hairy on both surfaces.
Follicles 3, inflated, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
5. Z>. caBruleuxn, J acq. ex Gamh. in J acq. Voy. Rot. 7, t. 6 ; stem 3-12 in.
much branched, racemes few-flowered, flowers 1 in. or more long. H.f.
<Sc T. Fl. Ind. 67.
Alpine Himalaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, attaining alt. 17,000 ft. in the latter
country.
Stem branched from the base, leafy, spreading. Leaves suborbicular, \\-\\ in. diam.,
6-7-lobed, lobes cuneate-oblong, incised or pinnatitid, segments linear.' Flowers soli-
tary, in long branches, or few in a loose raceme, pale blue, hairy. Sepals shorter than
the nearly straight spur. Anterior petals obovate or obcordate, a little hairy. Follich'^
5, hairy.
tt Radical leaves orbicular or reniform^ palmate to the middle [or base in
8, D. elatum).
6. D. dasycaulon, Fresen. Mus. Senh. ii. 272 ; stem softly tomentose,
flowers bright-blue, spur shorter than the sepal H. f <h T. Fl. Ind. 50 ;
Dalz. <h Gibs. Bombay Fl. 2 ; Oliver Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 11.
Mountains of the Dekkan near Junir, Stocks, &c. — Distrib. Abyssinia.
Stem 1^-3 ft., branched, few-leaved. Radical leaves 3-6 in. diam., 5-fid to the
middle, pale and veined beneath, lobes broadly trapezoid, 3-fid, segments incised ; cauline
5-partite, segments nanower, inciso-pinnatifid. Racemes lax, compound; lower bracts
2 in., leafy, oblong or lanceolate, upper linear; pedicels 1-2 in., ebracteoUite. Flowers
bright-blue, inodorous. Sepals ^-1 in., with a bearded dorsal pale spot. Spur conic,
26 I. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. &. Thoms.) [Delphinium.-
slightly curved, nearly 4 as loDg as the sepal. Anterior petals 2-fid. FoUicles % in,,
tojiientose.
7. Z>. altissimum, Wall. Plant. As. Rar. it t. 128; Cat. 4718; stem
sparsely hairy glabrous below, racemes lax few-flowered, flowers deep blue
or purple, spur longer than the sepals. Griff. It. Notes 64 (N«. 827) ;
H.f.<ijT.FLInd.b\.
Central Himalaya ; Nipal, WaUich, Khasia hilu, above 5000 ft., Gnffith, &c.
Stem 2-4 ft., much-branched, few-leaved, hairs spreading. Jiadical leaves 3-6 in.
diani., pale beneiVth, 5-7-fid, lobes broadly cuneate, 3-lobed, coarsely toothed ; cauliiie
sessile, 3-lobed or entire ; petiole lit. and under. Hacemes long, lax, few-tlowered;
pedicels often 2 in. ; bracts and bracteoles linear. Flowers large, very leiid, hairy out-
side. Spur subulate, incurved. Anterior petals 2-lobed, hairy ; posterior, dark-purple,
2- toothed. Follicles 3, pubescent
8. I>. elatum, L. ; stem glabrous or hairy, racemes dense-flowered,
flowers pale blue or purplish, spur equalling the sepals. D. ranunculi-
folium, Wall. Cat. 4716 • //./. c<b T. Fl. Ind. 51. D. incisum, Wall. Cat. 4717.
D. pyramidale, Moyle III. 56. D. Hofl'uieisteri, Klotzscii Bot. Htise Fr. Wald.
t. 39.
Wkst Temperate Himalaya, in the inner and Tibetan valleys, alt. 10-12,000 ft. ;
from Kumaon to Kashmir.
Utem 2-4 f t , sparingly branched. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., rounded or renifonn, pale
beneath, S-T-lobed or -partite, segments cuneate-oblong, 3-lobed or variously cut.
Bacemes much branched, elongate; pedicels 1-3 in.; lower bracts leafy, 3-lobed or -par-
tite ; bracteoles linear. Flowers hairy outside. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Spur subu-
late. FoUichs 3.
Vab. 1. ranunculifolium ; leaves 5-lobed to about the middle, segments broadly
cuneate.
Var. 2. inchum; leaves 6-partite, segments narrow incised.
*** Spur inflated, conicaL Flowers large; sepals connivent, mem-
branous.
9. D. vestitum, Wall. Cat. 4715 ; stem hispid, leaves palmately 5-7-
loberl, flowers in long dense racemes. Royle III. 55 ; //./ <£-• T. Fl. Ind. 52.
D. rectivenium, Roi/le III. 56.
West and Central Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Nipal to
Kunawer.
Stem 1^-3 ft., simple below, hairs spreading or reflexed. Radical leaves 6-12 in.
diam., lobes rounded, cut or toothed; petiole 6-12 in. ; cauline 2-3, smaller. Raceme
olten 1 ft., simple or sparingly branched below; pedicels 1-3 in. ; bracts linear or lan-
ceolate, lower sometinjes 3-lobed ; bracteoles 2 above the middle. Flowers dense,
large, hairy. Sepals membranous, broad, rounded, equalling or exceeding the conical
incurved spur. Follicles 3.
10. D. Cashmiriannm, Ro7/le III. 55. t. 12 ; stem glabrous strigose
or softly hai ly, leaves palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes sharply cut, flowers in lax
corymbs. H. /. <{; 2\ Fl. Ind. 52 {excl. syn. D. Jacquemontianum, Camb.).
West Tibet and Tibetan Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 11-16,000 ft.
Stem 1-1 4 ft., few-leaved, glabrous or softly or hispidly hairy. liadical leaves 2-4 in.
diam., lobes cuneate-ovate, acute, 3-lobed and cut ; cauline 3-5-partite. Branches of
cori/mb terminating in few-flowered racemes, upper bracts lanceolate ; bracteoles linear.
Sepals 1 in. or more long, hairy, equalling or exceeding the straight couical spur. Fol-
lich'S 3-7, downy. — The strigose states are best distinguished from small plants of D.
vestitum, by the inflorescence and size of the flowers.
Delphinium.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 27
11. D. vlscosum, //. f, & T. Fl. Ind, 52 ; stem covered with soft brown
tomentum, leaves reniform pahnately 5-7-lobed, lobes obtusely crenate,
flowers corymbose.
Alpine East Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 12-16,000 ft., Hook.f.
Stem 1-2 ft., branched from the base. Leaves 2-4 in. diani., at length glabrate,
lobed to near the middle, Flowers solitary or few at the ends of the brandies of the
corymb ; bracts 3-partite ; bracteoles linear-oblong. Sepals % in., broadly oval, pale
blue, purple, tomentose, membranous, equalling the conical incurved spur. Follicles 3,
glabrous, ciliate on the suture.
12. I>. g-laciale, H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 53 ; stem softly hairy, leaves
3-partite. lobes deeply multifid, flowers in lax corymbs.
Alpine East Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Hook.f.
Stem 3-6 in., simple, leafy. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., segments broadly cuneate.
Corymbs few-liowered ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles many on the long pedicels, linear, or
cut into linear lobes. Flowers large, hairy. Sepals exceeding 1 in., orbicular, mem-
branous, longer than the short straight conical spur. Fullicles 4-5, 4 in. long. — Whole
plant of a rank musk odour.
13. X>. Brunonianum, Eoi/le III. 56; stem glabrous or downy below
glandular-pubescent above, leaves 5-fid to the middle, lobes sharply cut or
toothed, flowers corymbose. H.f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 53 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t 5461.
D. Jacquemontianum, Camh. iji Jacq. Voy. Bot. 8, t. 7. D. moschatura,
Munro in H. f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 53.
Alpine West Tibet, alt. 14,000 ft.
Stem 6-12 in., simple below, leafy. Leaves 3-4 in. diam., lobes cuneate-ovate ;
petioles very long. Flowers large, pale-blue, hairy; corymbs sometimes compound;
bracts 3-5-partite, upper simple, oblong or linear. Sepals 1 in., membranous, orbicular,
veined; longer than the conic spur. Follicles 5-6, f in., viscidly pubescent: whole
plant musky. — D. moschatum was distinguished by the colour and texture of the pos-
terior petal, which proves to be very variable.
D. scabrtflorum, Hon in Mem. Wern. Soc. iii. 412 (D. Carela, Don Prodr. 195),
appears to differ from H. altissimum and vestitum chiefly in the glabrous follicles ; it
is described from Nipal specimens of Wallich, but none thus named exist in the Walli-
chian Herbarium.
Fragments of a Delphinium, closely allied to H. incanum were brought by Dr. Hooker
from Tibet, north of Sikkim ; it differs from D. incanum in the slightly notched petals,
and may be new.
2). pawci/^oriijn, Don Prodr. 106, is doubtless the cultivated D. ajacis or common
Larkspur.
16. ACONZTUM, Linn.
Perennial, erect, rarely twining herbs. Leaves palmati partite, rarely
entire. Flowers irregular, racemed, blue purple white or yellow. Sepals 5,
petaloid, posterior (helmet) vaulted, the rest flat, 2 anterior narrower than
the lateral. Petals 2-5 ; 2 posterior clawed, limb hooded and enclosed in the
helmet, 3 lower small or obsolete. Stamens many. Follicles 3-5 sessile.
Seeds many ; testa spongy, rugose or wrinkled. — Disteib. North temp, zone,
species about 183.
The roots of all the species, except A. Lycocfonum, A. heterophyllum, and certain
forms of J. NapeJlus, are poisonous, and called Bikh or Bish by the Hill people. We
have omitted the characters taken from the petals (which are over much relied on by
systematists) because they are so variable and so difficult of exact discrimination ia
dried specimens.
The genus Nikbisia of Don (Gen. Syst. Gard. i. 63) was founded on an indeterminable
species of tiiis genus.
28 I. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Aconitum.
1. A. uncinatuxn, Lmn. ; stem twining, leaves palmately 3-5-fid,
flowers panicled, helmet with a short bhint dorsal cone, testa phiited.
DC. Prodr. i. 60. A. variegatum, H.f. (L- T. Fl. Ind. 56 {not of L.).
East Temperate Himalaya ; Sikkim, Lachoong valley, alt. 9000 ft., Hook.f.
Stem several feet long, very slender, weak, nparingly bianched, glabrous or puberulous.
Leaves 3-4 in. broad, lobes cuneate ovate sharply cut and toothed ; bracts similar.
Flowers §-1 in. lon^, in open large panicles, yellowish or bluish green. Helmet much
aiched, bluntly beaked in front. tSpur reflexed. FollicUs 5, glabrous. — Specimens too
scanty for correct identification.
2. Ai Xiycoctonum, Limi. ; stetn erect much branched, leaves pal-
mately deeply 5-9-lobed, racenjes branched, helmet with a short beak and
long cylindric or conical dorsal prominence, testa plaited. UC. Frodr. i. 57 ;
H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 72. A. laeve, Royle lU. 66.
West Temperate Himalaya ; Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 7-10,000 ft. — Distrib.
Europe, N. Asia.
Stems 3-6 ft., glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 6-10 in. diam., lobes cnneate-ovate,
shai-ply cut, lower long petioled, upper sessile. liacemes long, tomentose ; bracts
minute. Flowers pale yellow or dull purple, variable in size. Follicles 3, spreading.
3. A. luridum, //. / d- T. Fl. Ind. 55; stem erect simide, leaves
palmately 5-tid below the middle, raceme simple, helmet with a long
straight beak and broad dome-like dorsiil prominence, testa smooth.
Alpine East Himalaya ; Sikkim, alt. 14,000 ft., Ilook.f.
Stem 2-3 ft., slightly pubescent, few-leaved. Radical hares 2-3 in. diam., segments
cuneate-ovate, 3-fid and coarsely cn-nate, petiole long ; cauline 2-5-partite. Raceme
4-1 ft., pedicels short; lower bracts leafv, sessile, 3-5-partite, upper entire. Flowers
dull red. Sepals brown-tomentose. Follicles 3-5, erect.
4. A. palxnatuxn, Don Prodr. 196; stem erect simple below, leaves
reniform deeply o-lobed, ])anicle few-flowered, helmet much vaulted shortly
beaked, testa plaited. WaLL Cat. 4723 ; R-jylt III. 57 ; H.f d: T. Fl, Ind.
56 ; A. lethale, Griffith Notid. iv. 732.
Temperate Himalaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, alt. 8-10,000 ft. ; Mishmi,
Griffith.
Stem 2-5 ft , leafy, gliCbrous. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., sinus shallow ; segments cuneate-
ovate, deeply sharply cut ; petioles long Flowers large, greenish-blue, pedicels long.
Helmet rather higher than broad. Follicles 5, 1-1^ in. long, glabrous.
5. A. ferox, Wall, in Seringe Mas. Ildvet. i. 160, d in DC. Prodr. i. 64
{not of Plant. As. Rar.) ; stem erect simple below, leaves rounded or oval
palmately 5-fid, raceme terminal dense-flowered, helmet vaulted with a
short sharp beak, testa plaited. Wall. Cat. 4721, B, C, D ; H. f. d T. Fl.
Ind. 56. A. virosum, Don Prodr. 196.
Temperate Subalpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, alt. 10-14,000 ft.
Stem 3-6 ft., puberulous, leafy. Leaves 3-6 in. ; lobes cuneate-ovate, incised.
Raceme 6-12 in., simple or sparingly branchtd below, tomentose ; pedicels 1-2 in.,
thickened at the top; bracts pinnatilid ; bracteoles linear. i'7o?cer« large, pale dirty
blue. Helmet about twice as long as high. Follicles 5, erect, usually densely villous,
glabrous in some Garwhal specimens.
6. A. Napellus, Linn. ; stem erect simple, leaves palmatipartite, seg-
ments linear multitid, raceme simple few- or many-flow^ered, helmet shallow,
tapering to a slender beak, testa siuooih, DC. Prodr. i. 02 ; H.f. d T. Fl.
Ind, 57.
Aconitum.] i. rancjnculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 29
Temperate Alpine Himalaya, from 10,000 ft. to the highest limit of vegetation in
the N.W. provinces. — Distiiib. Temp, and arctic Europe, Asia, and America.
Stem 6 in.-3 ft., often decumbent in small states, glabrous or slightly pubescent.
Leaves very variable in size, ultimate divisions linear. Racemes simple or sparingly
compound; bracts entire or 3-fid. Flowers §-1 in. long, bright or dull greenish-blue.
Helmet three times as long as iiigh. Follicles 3-5, in the Indian forms hairy. — An
extremely variable plant, of which we have vainly attempted to refer the Indian forms
to those indicated by Kegel The small alpine forms closely resemble the arctic Ame-
rican forms of A. delphinifolium. The roots of vars. 1 and 2 are poisonous, but those
of 3 and 4 are eaten by the Bhoteas.
Var. 1. Napellus proper; stem 2-3 ft. leafy, raceme dense flowered.
Var. 2. rigidum; stem 2-3 ft. few-leaved, leaves firm subcoriaceous with spreading
falcate sharp teeth, racemes lax few-flowered, tomentose. A. dissectum, Don Prodr. 1 97 ;
Wall. Cat. 4724 ; Royle III. 54. A. ferox. Wall. Cat. 4721 A ; Plaat. As. Bar. t. 41.
Var. 3. multifidum; stem 6-12 in. erect or decumbent few-leaved, leaves 1-2 in.
diam. many-lobed to the base, lobes cut into linear segments; racemes lax few- or
many-flowered. A. multifidum, Boyle 111. 56. A. oligduthejuum, Kern. Nov. PI. Sp.
Dec. ii. 23.
Var. 4. rotun'difolium ; like var. 3, but leaves not divided to the base. A. rotun-
difolium, Kar. & Kir.; Lad. Fl. Boss. n. 1740. A. Tianschanicum, Osk. & Bupr.
Sert. Tlan. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 1869.
7. A. heterophyllum, Wall. Cat. 4722 ; stem erect leafy, leaves broad
ovate or orbicular-cordate more or less 5-lobed and -toothed, upper entire
amplexicaul. raceme many-flowered, helmet shortly beaked, testa smooth.
Boyle III. 56, t. 13 ; H.f. ^ T. Fl. Did. 58. A. cord^tum, Moyle III. 56.
A. Atees, Boi/le in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, i. 459.
West Temperate Himalaya, from Kumaon to Hasora, alt. 8-13,000 ft.
Stem 1-3 ft., simple or branched from the base, glabrous below, puberulous above.
Leaves 2-4 in., acute or obtuse ; cauline sharply toothed, the lowest long petioled and
not amplexicaul. Bacemes often pauicled ; bracts sharply toothed, upper 3-fid or entire.
Flowers more than 1 in. long, bright blue, greenish blue with purple veins. Helmet
half as high as long. Follicles 5, downy. — Root much valued in India, according to
Royle, as a febrifuge and tonic.
17. ACTISA, Linn.
An erect perennial herb. Leaves alternate, ternately compound. Flowers
small, in short crowded racemes. Se2mls 3-5, rather unequal, petaloid.
Petals 4-iO, small, spathulate, or 0. Stamens many, filatnents slender.
Carpel 1, raany-ovuled ; stigma sessile, dilated. Berry many-seeded. Seeds
depressed ; testa coriaceous, smooth.
1, A. spicata, Linn.; leaflets ovate-lanceolate entire or 3-lobed acutely
serrate. DC. Prodr. i. i5b; H.f. (t T. Fl. Ind. 59. A. acuminata, Wall.
Cat. 4726 ; Royle III. 57.
Temperate Himalaya, fromBhotan, Griffith, to Hazara. — Distrib. Europe, N.Asia,
N. America. (Bane-beiTy.)
Stem 2-3 ft., erect, from a woody horizontal rootstock, covered at the base with
leafless sheaths. Leaves 1 ft.; leaflets ^-2 in. Bacemes 1-3 in. ; pedicels filiform.
Flowers I in. diam., white. Berry elliptic or subglobose; black in the European and
Himalayan form, white and red in the American.
18. CXMICIFUGA, Linn.
Erect perennial herbs. Leaves 2-5-ternately divided. Flowers in long
slender racemes, regular. Sepals 4-5, deciduous, petaloid. Petals (or trans-
30 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [CimiciJ'uga^
formed stamens) 1-8, small, clawed, 2-horned at the tip. Stamens maiiyt
filaments slender. Carpets 1-8, many-ovuled. Fruit of many-seeded tol*
licles. Seeds compressed, testa smooth or scaly.— Distejb. Europe, N. Asia,
!N. America; species about 8.
1. C. foetida, Linn.; leaflets ovate or lanceolate serrate glabrous or
downy, racemes panicled. H.f. d' 2\ Fl. ind. 59. C. frigida, Royle III. 57.
Actaea cimicifuga, L.; DC. Frodr. i. 64. A. frigida, Wall. Cat. 4725.
Temperate Himalaya, from Bhotan, Griffith^ to Gores and Kashmir; alt. 7-12,000'
ft. — DjsTKHi. E. Europe, Siberia.
Stem 3-6 ft., leafy, branched, glabrous below, tomentose above. Leafleti 2-3 in.,
pale beneath, terminal often S-lobcd. Racemes rarely simple. Flowers stuall, yellowish.
Fetals more or less 2-lid. Folliclts 4-8, 4 in. lon^j.
19. FSSONZA, Linn.
Erect, stout, leafy, perennial herbs or undershnibs. Leaves alternate,
compound. Flowers lar^e,* solitary or panicled, white or red. Sejtals 5,
herbaceous, persistent. Petals 5-10, larger than the sepals. Stamens many,
Carpels 1-5. girt below by a fleshy disk, many-seeded. Fruit of 1 or more
coriaceous few-seeded follicles. Seeds large, subglobose, testa thick; albu-
men fleshy. — DiSTRiB. N. temp, zone ; species 3-4.
1. P. emodi, Wcdl. Cat. 4727 ; flowers usually in the axils of the upper
leaves long peduncled, follicles 1 rarely 2. Royle III. 57 ; Hook./, in Bot.
Mag. t. 5719. P. ofticinalis, //./. d: T. Fl. Ind.' 60 {not of L.).
West Temperate Himalaya ; alt. 5-10,000 ft., from Kumaon to Hazara.
Erect, 1-2 ft., glabrous. Leaves 0-12 in., once or twice ternutisect; leaHets decur-
rent, entire or incis«d, ultimate segment* oblong or lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
glabrous, glaucous beneath. Flowers 3-8; bmls globose ; bracts 2-3, leafy, appressed
to the calyx. Sepals rounded, outer with a leafy point. Follicles ovoid, obtuse, slri-
gose or glabrous. — The specimens from the outer Himalaya are usually l-carpellary,
from the inner 2-carpellary.
Var. 1. EMoni proper; follicles strigose with yellow-brown hairs.
Var. 2. olauuata; foUicles glabrous. — Very near the Siberian P. albijlora, but
monocarpellary.
Order II. DILLENIACEJE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Trees shrubs or herbs, sometimes climbing. Leavs alternate, simple,
entire or toothed (pinnatipartite in Acrotreina)^ exstipulato with sheatliing
petioles, or more rarely with lateral deciduous stipules. Flowers yellow or
white, often showy. Sejxds 5, imbricate, persistent. Fetals 5 (rarely 3 or 4)
deciduous. Stamens many, hypogynous, many-seriate ;„aiithers innate, with
Literal slits or terminal pores. Carpels 1 or more, free or cohering in the
axis; styles always distinct; ovules amphitropous, solitary or few and
ascending, or many and attached to the ventral suture. Frtdt of follicles,
or indehiscent and subbaccate. Seeds solitary or many, arillate, testa crus-
taceous, raphe siiort, albumen fleshy ; embryo minute, next the hilum. —
UiSTRiB. Chiefly tropical ; species about 200.
Tribe I. Delimeae. Filaments thickened upwards ; anthers short, cells
remote oblique.
II. DiLLENiACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) 31
Carpel solitary 1. Dklima.
Carpels 2-5 2. Tetracera.
Tkibe II. Dillenieae. Filaments not thickened upwards ; anthers with
parallel cells.
Carpels 3; stem less herbs, leaves all radical large ... 3. Acrotrema.
Carpels 3 ; trees or shrubs 4. Schumacheria.
Carpels 5-20; seeds arillate , 5. Wormia.
Carpels 5-20; seeds not arillate 6. Dillenia.
1. DSIiII^A, Linn.
A woody climber. Leaves very scabrid, parallel-veined. Flowers many,
in terminal panicles, hermaphrodite, white. Sepals 5. ^ Petals 2-5. Stamens
many ; filaments dilated upwards ; cells much diverging. Ovary solitary,
subglobose, narrowed into a subulate style ; ovules 2-3, ascending. Folli-
cles ovoid, coriaceous, 1-seeded. Seed with a cupular toothed aril.
]. D. sarmentosa, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 69; Wall. Cat. 6632; Bot.
Mag. t. 3058. Tetracera sarmentosa, WUld. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 645.
Leontoglossum scabrum, Hance. in Walp. Ann. iii. 812.
Eastern tropical India, from Assam to Singapore. — Distrib. Eastern Archipelago.
Leaves 3-5 in., obovate ovate or broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acute, strongly nerved,
quite entire serrate or crenate, appressed pilose. Flowers |-^ in. diam., in tomentose
or pilose spreading panicles that are often leafy. Sepals reflexed. — A very variable
plant indeed-
Var. 1. glabra; fruit glabrous.
Var. 2. hebecarpa; fruit hairy, U. hebecarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 70; Deless. Ic. Sel.
t. 72 ; Wall. Cat. 6633. D. intermedia, Blume.
2. TETRACKRA, Linn.
Trees or climbing shrubs, smooth scabrid or pubescent. Leaves with
parallel lateral veins. Flowers in terminal or lateral panicles, herma-
phrodite or partially 1-sexual. Sejials 4-6, spreading. Petals 4-6. Stamens
many, filaments dilated upwards, anther-cells distant. Carpels 3-5 ; ovules
many, 2-seriate. Follicles coriaceous, shiniiig. Seeds 1-5, with a fimbriated
or toothed aril. — Distrib. All tropical ; species about 24.
1. T. leevis, VaU Symh. iii. 71 ; glabrous, leaves smooth, sepals silky
inside glabrous outside, follicles 1-2-seeded. DC. Prodr. i. 68 : Wall. Cat.
6627 ; H. /. ^ T. Fl. Ind. 62. T. Rheedii, DC. Prodr. i. 68 ; W. d- A. Prodr.
5 ; Wight Ic. t. 70 T. trigyna, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 645. T. sericea, Bl.
Bijd. 3.
Western Peninsula ; forests of Malabar ; and in Ceylon. — Distrib. Java to
Borneo.
Branches angular. Leaves 3-5 in., oblong or lanceolate, glabrous, entire or remotely
toothed, veins rather distant. Panicles terminating leafy branches, few- or many-
fiowered. Sepals broadly oval.
2. T. Assa* DC. Prodr. i. 68 ; young branches strigose, kaves glabrous
or hairy on the nerves beneath, sepals glabrous on both surfaces, ciliolate,
follicles 3-5-seeded. Wall. Cat. 6629 ; W. c6 A. Prodr. 5 in note ; H.f. d; T.
Fl. Ind. 63.
32 II. DILLENIACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Tetracera.
Eastern Bengal and Eastern Peninsula from Clrittagoiig to Siucapore. — Djstkib.
Jova, Philippines.
Leaves 2-4 in., oblong, serratures remote. Sepals broadly oval.
3. T. Suryandra, Vahl Symh. iil 71 ; young brandies tomento.«e,
leaves rigid, shining above, pubescent beneath, panicle few-liowere«l, sepals
pubescent outside and densely ciliate, follicles 2-3-seeded. DC. trodr. i. 6b ;
Roxb. FL I ml ii. 646 ; //./. dh T. FL Ind. 63. T. lucida, Wall. Cat. 6631.
Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca and Sincapore. — Distrib. Moluccas and New Caledonia.
Branches angular. Leaves 2-5 in., elliptic-oblong and obiuse, or oblong lanceolate
and mucronate, entire or subdentate at the tip ; petiole short. Fanicle terminal, leaty,
many-flowered. Sepals ovate-oblong.
4. T. macropliylla, Wall. Cat, 6628 (by error macrrxxtrpa) ; young
branches pubescent, leaves rii,id scabrid on both surfaces, panicle decom-
pound many-riowered, sepals puberulims outside, follicles 1-seeded. U. J.
(L- T. FL Ind. 63.
Eastern Peninsula, Malacca and Sincapore.
3. ACXtOTRSMA, Jack.
Stemless perennial herbs, with horizontal woody rootstocks. Leciim
large, gland-dotted, entire toothed or piniiatipartite, with sheathing deci-
duous stipules. Scape usually short, axillary, cl«<thed with nieinbranous
imbricated scales. Flowers in slmrt racemes, yellow. StjKits 5. FetaU 5.
SttDnens ii)-oO, in 3 bundles which alternate with the carpels; tilanients
filitbrm ; anthers erect, cells dehiscing from the middle'to the tip. Carjnis
3, .slightly cohering in the axis ; styles subulate, recurved ; ovules 2 or more.
Fruit of 3 follicles, bursting irregularly. Seed with a membranous aril,
testa crustaceous pitted. — Distrib. ISi)ecies about 8, all Indian.
A remarkable genus of very vanable species. The descriptions apply to adult foliage
only, all have the young haves silky.
♦ Carpels 1-2-seeded.
1. A. oostatum, Jack, in Mai, Misc. ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 82 ; leaves
obovate base sagittate toothed, flowers 8-10 in lax racemes, stamens 16.
Wall. Cat. 1117 A] II. f. <£r T. Fl. Ind. 66. A. Wightianum, W. d: A.
Ftodr. 6; Wiyld ILL t. 9.
Eastern Peninsula, from Moulmein to Sincapore.
Leaves 3-6 by 1^-24 in., rough with stift' hairs, toothed and densely ciliate, veins
beneath pale and hairy ; petiole short. Scape shorter than the leaves, setose ; pedicels
much longer than the hnear bracts. Ovules collateral ascending. — In the Flora Indica
Travancore is given as a habitat for this species on the faith of a single specimen in
the Wightian Herbarium fastened in the same sheet, A. Ariwttlanum, and collect«;d
by Kcenig, who, though he lormed most of his collections in the Madras Peninsula, also
visited the iStraits of Malacca.
** Carpels many-seeded.
t Leaves not 2 'innate or pinnatifd.
2. A. Arnottianum, Wight III. 9, t. 3 ; leaves obovate-oblong obtuse
base rounded or cordate sharply tootheo, scape maiiy-tioweied. JJ.f. d- T.
FL Ind. 64. A. costatum, WaiL Cat. 1117 Ii. A. Wiglitiauum, WaU. Cat
3669 {not of W. d: A.),
Acrotrema,] ii. dilleniace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 88
Western Peninsula, Malabar and Travancore.
Leaves 6-12 by 3-5 in., ciliate and covered with long distant soft hairs, otherwise
glabrous ; petioles 1-3 in., broadly winged, but not to the base. Racemes axillary,
2-3 in., pedicels 2-4 in., clothed with loug hairs. Sepals nearly i in.
3. A. unifloruxn, Hooh. Ic. Plant, t. 157 ; leaves obovate-oblong base
cordate entire or toothed scabrid on both surfaces, scape 1-2-flowered, very-
short, stamens 30-50. H.f.& T. Fl. hid. 64; Thwaites Enum. 2. A.
buUatum, and A. sylvaticum, Thw. I.e. 2 & 3.
Central and Southern Provinces of Ceylon, in shady moist places, alt. 2-4000 ft.
Leaves 4-9 by 1-3 in., tapering to the cordate base; petiole 4-2 in., narrowly
winged. Flowers small, pedicels 1-2 in. — A very variable plant of which the following
varieties seem the best marked : —
Var. 1. PETioLABis, Thw. l.c. / Icavcs narrow obovate, petioles 2-3 in.
Var. 2. ROTUNDATUM, Thwaites, I.e.; leaves very broad nearly entire, haira stiffish,
petioles very short.
Var. 3. bullatcm ; leaves narrow softly silky bullate, petioles very short, pedicels
appresised hairy. — A. bullatura, Thw. I.e.
Var. 4. appendiculatum ; leaves deeply serrate at the very base, almost lyrate,
petioles short.
Var. 5. sylvaticum ; leaves minutely pilose hirsute with rigid hairs on the nerves
beneath, base deeply cordate, petiole and pedicels short. — A. sylvaticum, Thw. I.e.
4. A. Walkeri, Wight ex Thwaites Enum. Ceyl. PI. 3 ; leaves narrowly
obovate-oblong bullate sharply tootlied ciliate laxly hairy above, base
auricled, raceme very short, stamens about 15. Hook. Bat. Mag. t. 5353.
Central Province of Ceylon, alt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites.
Leaves 2-4 by 4-14 '^-i rugose, dull red and hairy on the veins beneath; petiole
very short. Bacemes axillary ; pedicels 1-2 in., laxly villous.
Var. argyroneuron, Thwaites, I.e. 398 ; leaves larger, midrib and veins above
■white.
5. A. intermedium, Thwaites Enum. 3; leaves, obovate-lanceolate
acute creuate-toothed coarsely hairy above, base auricled, petiole margined,
racemes short, subsessile, pedicels and calyx hirsute, stamens about 40.
Bank of streams Ambagamowa district of Ceylon, Thwaites.
Rootsfock elongate. Leaves 6-12 by 1-2 in., more or less hirsute above, and
appressed hairy on the veins beneath ; petiole 1-1^ in., margined.
6. A. lance alatum, ffook. Ic. PL under t. 157 ; leaves very narrowly
lanceolate sinuate-toothed, glabrous above, scape very short, stamens about
40. H.f- (& T. Fl. Ind. 65 ; Thw. Enum. 3.
Kittool Galle. in Ceylon.
Rootstock short. Leaves 4-12 by 4-1 in-, acute, appressed hairy on the costa and
nerves beneath ; petiole 1 4-1 in., hairy, margined. Ped^ce^s 1-2 in., hirsute.
7. A. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 3 ; leaves narrowly spathulate acute
sinuate with intiexed rigid teeth glabrous above substrigo^e on the veins
beneath, scape very short, stamens about 15.
Between Galle and Eatnapooi'a, Ceylon, by banks of streams, Thwaites.
Rootntock horizontal. Leaves 2-4 by \-\ in., base auricled, nerves beneath with
appressed hairs. Racemes short ; pedicels 1-2 in., with appressed hairs. — Very near
A. lanceolatum, but ditiering in the number of stamens, perhaps not a constant cha-
racter.
VOL. I. D
34 II. DILLENIACE2E. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Acrotrema,
8. A. Thwaitesil, H. f. d- T. in Kew Journ. Bot. viii. 241, t. 4 A ;
leaves lanceolate pinnatifid to or beyond the middle, hairy above and on
the nerves beneath, scape very short, stamens about 20.
In the Dolosbage district, Ceylon, Thicaites.
liootstock small, short. Leaves 3-6 by 1-li in., segments linear-oblong, acute, en-
tire or toothed; petioles very short. Pedicels 1-1 4 in., slender, pilose. Sepals hirsute.
9. A. dissectum, Thwaifes in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. viii. 242, t. 4 B ;
leaves lanceolate interruptedly pinnatisect, softly hairy, scape very short.
At Hinidoon Korle, CErLON, Tliwaites. '
liootstock horizontal. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1 i in., larger segments acutely lobed, with
two or more pairs of very small segments between each pair, white and silky beneath,
segments sometimes petiolulate. Pedicels slender, with spreading hairs. Flowers very
small, ^ in. diam.
10. A. lyratum, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 242 ; leaves linear-
oblong obtuse lyrate-ninnatifid toothed, glabrous except the nerves beneath,
base cordate, scape long naked below, pedicels glabrous, stamens about
35.
At Hinidoon Korle, in Ceylon, Thwaites.
Pootstock stout, ascending. Leaves 3-12 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, terminal segment
equalling § of the whole leaf, lateral segments 3-5 pair, small, roundfd, udnate by a
broad base, deflected, sharply toothed; petiole margined. Scape 1-3 in.; bracts re-
curved ; pedicels 1 in., often recurved. Sepals glabrous or puberulous. Floicera
about ^ iu. diam.
4. SCKUMACKBRZA, Yahl.
Erect or sarmentose shrubs, branches flexuous. Leaves coriaceous, lateral
nerves many, very strong. Flowers yellow, 2-bracteolate, in axillary or ter-
minal secund simple or panicled sj)ikes. ScpaU 5. Petals 5. Stamens
indefinite, many-seriate, unilateral, filaments very short united into a short
oblique cylindric posticous column ; anther-cells dehiscing longitudinally.
CarpeU 3, distinct, pilose ; styles filiform-subulate ; ovules solitary. Pipe
carpels iudeiiiscent. Seed erect, subglobose, arillate, testa crustaceous. —
DisTEiB. All Cinghalese.
1. S. ang-ustlfolia, //. /. <L' T. Ft. Ind. C6 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
tapering to a fine i)()int serrate, spikes axillary simple or 'panicled shorter
than the leaves. Thw. Enum. 4.
At Hinidoon Korle, in Ceylon, abundant.
Branches slender, young silky, old glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1-1^ in., glabrous and
shining above, puberulous on the veins beneath, base rounded or narrowed; petiole
\ in. Spikes 1-2 in.
2. S. alnifolia, II. /. d- T. Fl. Ind. 66 ; leaves broadly oval acute or
subacute sinuate or toothed, spikes axillary panicled shorter than the
leaves. Thw. Enum.
Forests in the Ambagamowa and Hunasgiria Districts of Cetlon, Thwaites.
Branches strigose, old glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 3-4 in., base obtuse, glabrous above,
beneath striguse on the nerves, and pubescent or glabrate between them; petiole sca-
brid or liirsute. Spike* 1-2 in.
Var. 1. scABKA, Thw. I.e.; leaves scabrid with distant rigid hairs.
SdhmMcheria.] ii. DiLLENiACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns*) 35
Var. 2. nr.fir ATA, Wight mss. ; Thw. I.e.; leaves acutely coarsely toothed beneath
and the petioles hirsute,
Var. 3. subqlabra, Thw. I.e. ; leaves subglabrous beneath.
3. S. oastane^folia, Vahl., in Act, Hcffn, vi. 122; leaves broadly
oblong crenate or sinuate, spikes in much branched terminal panicles
longer than the leaves. Wight III. i. 9, t. 4 ; U.f. S T. Fl Ind. 66 ; Thw.
Enum. 4.
In the Saffragam and Galle Districts of Ceylon.
Branches hoary, at length glabrate. LeaDes 4-10 by 2-4 in., usually obtuse at both
ends, but sometimes acute at either, glabrous above, hoary on the veins beneath.
I*anide sometimes leafy. Flowers variable in size.
5. WORMZA, Eottb.
Trees, sometimes lofty, or shrubs. Leaves broad ; lateral nerves many,
strong, parallel ; petioles usually with deciduous stipular wings. Flowers
large, in terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. /Stamens inde-
finite, in several series, nearly free ; anthers linear, erect, cells opening by 2
pores. Carpels 5-10, scarcely cohering in the axis ; ovules numerous. Fruit
of indehiscent or follicular 3- or more-seeded carpels. Seeds with a fleshy
aril. — DisTRiB. Tropical Asia and Australia, and one in Madagascar ; speciea
about 9.
Sect. I. Capellia, Blume (genus). Inner row of stamens much longer
than the outer and arching over them.
1. W. suffrutlcosa, Griff. Notid. iv. 706 ; Ic. iv. t. 649, f. 1 ; leaves
oval- or elliptic-lanceolate sharply toothed, petiol^e broadly winged. W. ex-
celsa, H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 67. (excl. sijn.) W. subsessilis, Miq^. FL Ned. Ind.
Suppl. i. 618 ; Ann. Mm. Lugd. Bot. i. 315, t. 9.
Eastern Peninsula, at Malacca and Sincapore. — Distrib. Extends to Borneo and
Banka,
A shfub or small tree, young parts floccose. Leaves 4-12 by 2-5 in., acute or
rounded at each end, coriaceous, glabrous, with scattered hairs on the veins beneath ;
petioles ^-2 in., wing entire. Flowers 4 in. diam., bright yellow, in leaf-opposed
simple or forked racemes ; pedicels alternate, 4-1 iu., top thickened. Sepals ovate,
obtuse, subequal, persistent. Petals obovate, crenulate. Carpels about 7, 3-5seeded. —
W. excelsa, with which we had confounded this (Fl. Ind. I.e.) is distinguished by its
crenate leaves and Harrow petiolar wing.
2. W. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 951 ; leaves oval or oblong entire or sub-
crenate, petiole scarcely winged. 11. f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 67.
Eastern Peninsula ; Penang, Malacca, and Sincapore.
A tree, bark black ; young parts tomentose, old glabrate. Leaves 4-8 by 2-4 in.,
coriaceous, glabrous when mature ; petiole 1-2 in. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., in terminal
leafy flexuous few-flowered panicled racemes; pedicels 1 in., thickened upwards, tomen-
tose. Sepals orbicular, young covered with appressed yellow pubescence, mature
glabrate. Carpels 8-10. — Very near W. excelsa, Jack.
Sect. II. Euwormla. Filaments all erect and nearly equal in length.
3. "W. triquetra, Rotib. Nov. Act. Hafn. ii. 532, t. 3 ; leaves broadly
oval repand-toothed or sinuate, petioles with broad membranous sheathing
deciduous stipular wings. H.f, (S: T. Fl. Ind. 67 ; Thw. Enum. 4. W. deu-
D2
36 II. DILLEXIACE2E. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Wormia,
tata, DC. Prodr. i 75. Dillenia dentata, Thunh. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 201,
t. 20.
Moist warm parts of Ceylon, up to 2000 ft. '
A tree, bark black, young parts hoary. Leaves 5-8 by 4-5 in., tip obtuse or sub-
tmncate, base rounded; petiole 2-3 in, Flotners 2 in. diam., white, in subterminal
leaf-opposed secund few-flowered racemes ; pedicels 1 in., thickeued upwards. CariyeU
5, indehiscent, 1-2-seeded.
4. W. pulcbella, Jack. Mai. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. But. Mag. i. 221 ;
leaves obovate obtuse, nerves distant, petiole slightly margined. H.f. d' T.
Fl. hid. 68.
Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib, Sumatra.
A small tree ; branches dark grey, glabrous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., quite entire,
coriaceous, tip obtuse, truncate or retuse, niucroiiate, base acute, nerves rather distant ;
petiole 1 in., channelled, base slightly sheathing. Flowers 2 in. diam., on axillary leaf-
opposed ebracteale peduncles. Sejpals broadly ovale, glabrous. Follicles 5, few-seeded.
/Seeds few, aril red pulpy.
6. DXZ.X.ENZA, Linn.
Trees. Leaves broad, with conspicuous parallel lateral nerves. Flowers
large, solitary or fascicled, yellow or white. ASejxds 5, spreading. Petals 5,
broad. Stamens nearly free ; anthers linear, bursting by small slits or
pores ; inner erect or recurved introrse, outer recurved extrorse. Carjiels
5-20, cohering in the axis ; ovules indefinite. Fruit globose, formed of the
matured indehiscent Cixrpels inclosed in the thickened calyx. Seeds naked
or immersed in pulp, exarillate. — Distrib. Tropical Asia^ species 1^
Sect. I. Eudillenla. * Zm?'e« persistent. Flowers white, (always?) ap-
pearing with the leaves, solitary or racemed, terminal or leaf-opposed.
1. D. indica, Linn. ; leaves lanceolate serrate, flowers solitary very
large, sepals fleshy. Hamilton in Prans. Linn. Soc. xv. 99. D. speciosa and
T>. elliptica. Thunh. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 200; DC. Prodr. i. 76; Wall.
Cat. 943 ; W. d A. Prodr. 5 ; Wiyht Ic. 823 ; H.f. d' T. Fl. Did. 69.
Tropical forests in the Western Peninsula, Behar and Ceylon, and the Himalaya,
from Nipal to AsSam. Eastern Peninsula from Silhet to Sincapore. — Dibtkib. Malay
Archipelago.
A rouuil headed tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves 8-10 by 2-4 in., fascicled at
the ends of the branches, acute, veins close-set, glabrous above, pubescent especially on
the nerves beneath. Flowers 6 in. diam., subterminal. Sepal/t oAicular, thick and
fleshy. Petals white, obovate. Inner stamens arching over the outer. Seeds com-
pressed, margins hairy.
2. D. ovata, Wall. Cat. 945 ; leaves ovate denticulate, flowers solitary,
sepals thick. //./. d T. FL Lid. 70.
Eastern Peninsula ; Penang, Wallich, &c.
A tree, branches softly tomentose. Leaves 8 by 5 in., acute or subacute, base
rounded and suboblique, glabrous or pubescent on the nerves above, softly pubescent
beneath; petiole 1-1^ in., tomentose. Flowers ou terminal or leaf opposed peduncles
2 in. long. — Colour of flower unknown.
3. D. meliosmaefolia, //. /. d T. ; leaves obovate-oblong acuminate
serrate, flowers 1--2. terminal, sepals densely tomentose.
Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Griffith.
A tree; bark grey, striated; branchlets densely clothed with fulvous tomentum.
Pillenia,] ii. dilleniace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 37
Leaves 6-8 by 2^-3^ in., base acute, pilose on the nerves above, shortly^ hairy espe-
cially on the neives beneath, nerves 16-18 on each side, oblique, terminating in short
sharp serratures; petiole 1 in., brown, hairy. Peduncles 1-1 4 in., densely clothed with
brown tomentum. Sepals nearly I4 in., ovate. — Only two specimens seen, with im-
perfect flowers.
4. B. bracteata, Wight Ic. t. 358; leaves oblong crenate, flowers
racemed, sepals suborbicular silky. Wormia bracteata, H. f. <h T. Fl.
Ind. 68. ? D. repanda, Roxb. FL Ind. ii. 652.
Western Peninsula ; mountains of Maisor.
A tree, young branches silky-pubescent. Leaves densely fascicled, 3-^6 by 1^-3 in,,
coriaceous, subacute, or obtuse, shining above, puberulous on the nerves beneath. Ra-
cemes 1-2 in., few-flowered, subterminal or leaf-opposed. Flowers 2^-3 in. diam.
JStamehs all equal, anthers 2-porose. Carpels 5, membranous, indehiscent. — Roxburgh's
description of D. repanda, a native of Hindostan, differs but little from the above in the
retuse repand smooth leaves, 5-7 -flowered raceme, and villous calyx ; we know of no
specimen or drawing.
5. D. retusa, Th2mb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 200, t. 19 ; leaves obovate-
oblong truncate or retuse quite entire or sinuate-toothed, flowers 1-3 on a
peduncle. Lamk. III. t. 492; BC. Prodr. i. 76; Wall, Cat. 6625; W. d' A.
Prodr. 6 ; Thw. Enum. 5. D. Integra, Tlmnh. I.e. 199, t. 18 ; DC. I.e. Wor-
mia Integra, H.f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 68.
Warmer parts of Ceylon, up to 2000 ft.
A tree ; branchlets hairy, soon glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, glabrou-9,
base acute; petiole 1 in. Flowers subterminal, 3 in. diam., white; peduncle 2 in.
Petals obovate. Stamens all erect, anthers 2-porose. Fruit I4 in. diam., of 5 carpels.
Sect. II. Colbertla, Salish. (genus). Branchlets scabrid. Leaves deci-
duous. Flowers appearing before the leaves, yellow, axillary or from the
scars, solitary or panicled.
6. D. aurea, Sm. Exot. Bot. t. 92, 93 ; leaves obovate-crenate, flower
solitary 4-5 in. diam., adult sepals glabrous glaucous. DC. Prodr. i. 76 ;
Wall. Cat. 6624 ;H.f.(^ T. Fl. Ind. 70. D. ornata, Wall. PI. As. Rar. i.
21, t. 23 ; Cat. 947. D. speciosa, Griff. Notul. iv. 703. Colbertia obovata,
Blume Bijd. 6.
Tropical forests along the base of the Himalaya from Bhotan to Nipal. Eastern
Peninsula, in Pegu, Martaban, Mergui and the Andaman Islands. — Distrib. Java to
Borneo.
A spreading tree, bark grey. Leaves 1 ft., taperiilg to the base, distantly crenate-
toothed, glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath. Flowers terminating axillary short
shoots ; peduncle 1 in. Sepals when young villous. Carpels 8-12. Fruit with the
calyx as large as a small apple.
7. D. pulcherrima, Kurz in Jom^. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, 46; leaves
broadly obovate sinuate glabrous above, flowers 4 in. diam. solitary or
geminate, adult sepals silky.
Tropical forests of Pegu, Kurz.
A large tree ; bark grey; young parts silky. Leaves 9-18 by 6-12 in., orbicular or
cordate, rarely narrowed at the base, nerves ending in marginal points, glabrous above,
pale and sparsely pilose beneath ; petiole 1-2 in., ^-'^inplexicaul, deeply channelled.
Flowers on short axillary shoots; peduncles 1^-2 in., silky, ebracteate. Sepals elliptic.
Petals riarrow-obovate. — Nearly allied to D. aurea, but leaves larger, nerves less close,
aud petals narrower.
38 II. DiLLENiACEiE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Dillenia,
8. D. scabrella, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 43 ; Fl Ind. ii. 653 ; leaves
obovate-oblong toothed scabrid above, flowers fascicled l|-2 in. diam.,
sepals glabrous. Wall. PI. As. Ear. i. 20, t. 22 ; Cat. 944 \ H.f & T, Ft.
Ind. 70. D. pilosa. Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 102 {not of Roxb.).
Forests of Assam and Silhet, ascending to 3000 ft. in the Khasia hills.
A tree ; bark grey; young parts hairy. Leaves 6-10 by 4-6 in., obtuse, tomentose
beneath ; petiole 1-2 in., f amplexicaul at the dilated base. ^ Flowers 3-5 together,
sweet-scented, pedicels 2 in., with scattered bracts near the middle. Sepal8 glabrous.
Carpels 5-7.
9. D. parviflora, Grif. Notul. ir. 784 ; leaves obovate-oblong, scabrid
above, margins undulate denticulate, flowers 2-4 rarely solitary 1^2 in.
diam., sepals silky. Karz iii Joarn. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, 45.
Forests of Tenasserim, Mergui, Pegu, and the Andaman Islands.
A tall tree; bark grey, rugged; young parts silky or tomentose. Leaves l-\2hy
4-5 in., acute or abruptly acuminate, rigidly hirsute or softly tomentose beneath, reti-
culated between the nerves; petiole 1-1 ^ in., pubescent, 4 amplexicaul. Flowers on
wart-Hke hiteral branchlets ; pedicels 1-1 4 in., ebracteolate, tomentose. Sq^i^ls elliptic,
obtuse, silky, two inner less so. Petals obovate-spathulate. Stigmas 5-8.
10. Z>. penta^yna, Roxb. Cor. PL i. t. 20; Fl. Ind. ii. 652; leaves
oblong-lanceolate acute strongly serrate, petiole short broadly winged,
flowers umbelled 1 in. diam., sepals glabrous. Graham Cat. Bomb. PL 2 ;
ir. d- A. Prodr. 5 ; //./. <6 T. FL Ind. 71. D. augusta and D. pilosa, Roxb,
FL Ind. ii. 652. Colbertia Coromaudeliana, DC. Prodr. i. 75 ; Wall. Cat.
949. C. augusta, Wall Cat. 948.
Forests throughout India, from Oude and Behar to Assam, in the Western Pen-
insula and Pegu (absent from Ceylon).
A spreading tree ; bark grey ; branches rough and scarred ; young parts very silky.
Leaves 1-2 by ^-1 ft., subsessile or tapeiing into a broad ^-smiplexicaul petiole 1-2 in.
long, young silky pubescent, old glabrous. Floicers 5-« ; pedicels 1-2 in., ebracteolate.
Sepals elliptic, glabrous. Petals obovate. Carpels 5.
1 1. D. grandlfolia, WalL Cat. 946 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute
serrate, petiole 5-() in. hardly winged. Jl.f. <h T. FL Ind. 71.
Eastern Peninsula ; at Penang and Malacca.
Very similar to D. pentagyna, but leaves softly hairy above, densely tomentose be-
neath, and petioles 5-6 iu. also densely tomentose. The specimens in Wall. Herb, are
very imperfect.
12. B. floribunda, //, /. tCr T. FL Ind. 71 ; leaves broadly elliptic
glabrous above obtuse at both ends subentire, petiole not winged, flowers
umbelled about 1 in. diam. Colbertia floribunda, WalL Cat. 950.
Eastern Peninsula, Martaban, Wallich.
A tree. Leaves 18 by 10 in., obtuse at both ends, glabrous above, downy on the
nerves beneath; petiole about 3 in., glabrous, ebracteolate. — Two leaves and a trun-
cheon of wood with a few withered flowers are all that represent this species in the
"Wallichian Herbarium.
Order III. MAGNOUACE.S:. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, often aromatic, wood-tissue with
glandular markings. Leaves alternate, quite entire or toothed, stipulate
or not. Flowers axillary and terminal, often showy, white yellow or red.
III. MAGNOLiACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) ' 39
sometimes unisexual. Sepals and joe^a^s very deciduous, hypogynous, arranged
in whorls of 3 (in Eupielea absent). Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, fila-
ments flattened or terete, free or monadelphous ; anthers basitixed, adnate
cells bursting longitudinally. Carpels indefinite, free or partly cohering^in
one whorl or in several on an elongate axis ; styles short or rarely long,
stigmatose on the inner surface ; ovules 2 or more, or the ventral suture
anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit of berried or follicular rarely woody
indehiscent carpels, which are sometimes arranged in a cone.^ Seeds so\ita>ry
or few, sometimes pendulous from a long funicle, testa single and crus-
taceous, or double, the outer fleshy ; albumen granular or fleshy and oily ;
embryo minute, cotyledons spreading, radicle short blunt next the hilum. —
DiSTEiB. Chiefly natives of the tropical and temperate Asiatic mountains
and United States, a few are Australian ; species about 70.
Tkibe I. Trochodendreae. Perianth absent.
1. EUPTELEA.
Teibe II. Wlntereee. Stipules 0. Perianth double. Carpels in one
whorl.
2. Illicium.
Teibe III. XHag'nolieee. Erect trees or shrubs. Stipules conspicuous,
convolute and sheathing the young foliage, deciduous.
Gynophore sessile.
Carpels of fruit indehiscent, deciduous . . 3. Talauma.
Carpels of fruit dehiscing dorsally. Ovules 2 4. Magnolia.
Carpels of fruit dehiscing dorsally. Ovules 6 or more .... 5. Manglietia.
Gynophore stalked 6. Michelia.
Tribe IV. Schizandreee. Climbing shrubs. Leaves exstipulate.
Carpels of fruit spiked 7. Schizandra.
Carpels of fruit capitate 8. Kadsdra.
1. EUFTEXiXSA, Sieb. and Zucc.
A shrub. Leaves alternate, deciduous, toothed ; petiole sheathing ; sti-
pules 0. Flowers pedi celled, polygamo- dioecious. Sepals and petals 0.
Stamens 15-20, in one whorl. Carpels as many as the stamens, pedicelled,
obovate, much compressed, winged, indehiscent ; stigma sessile, decurreht
from the tip to opposite the insertion of the ovule. Fruit of indehiscent
dry flat winged 1-4-seeded carpels. Seeds closely packed ; testa hard, coria-
ceous ; albumen granular ; embryo minute. — Distrib. 2 species, the follow-
ing and a Japanese.
1 . S. pleiosperma, H. f. & T. in Proc. Linn. Soc. vii. 240, t. 2.
MiSHMi HILLS, near the top of Mount Thumathaga, Griffith.
A shrub ; branches smooth, spotted with white ; buds lateral and terminating short
lateral shoots, enclosed in hard black shining scales. Leaves 3-4 by 2-3 in., broad
elliptic, acutely toothed, acute at both ends, glabrous, pale beneath, nerves very oblique ;
petiole 1^ in., channelled above, dilated at the base. — Specimens imperfect.
2. XI.X.ZCXUM, Linn.
^ Evergreen aromatic shrubs or small trees. Leaves quite entire, pellucid-
" dotted. Flowers 2-sexual, solitary or fascicled, yellow or purplish. Sepals
y
40 III. MAGNOLiACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [niicium.
3-6. Petals 9 or more, 3- many-seriate. Stamens indefinite, filaments thick ;
anthers adnate, introrse. Ovaries indefinite, 1-seriate, 1-ovuled ; style subu-
late, recurved. Fruit of spreading compressed hard follicles. iSeeils com-
pressed, testa hard shining, albumen fleshy.— Distrib. N. America, China,
Japan, India ; species about 5.
1. Z. Griffithii, //. /. <{: T. Fl. Ind. 74 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, peri-
anth segments about 24.
Copses in Bhotan and the Khasia hills, alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffith, &c.
A shrub, branches angular, glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., acute at both ends,
coriaceous, shining, l^lowera 1^ in. diam. Sepals 6, orbicular. Pi tali 18, outer
oval, inner smaller and narrower. Carpels with a thin fleshy epicarp, woody endocarp,
and short subulate incurved beak. — Specimens in bud and fruit only.
2. Z. majus, H.f. d- T. ; leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, perianth -
segments about 16.
Tenassehim, on the Thoung Gain range, alt. 5500 ft., Lohh.
A shrub, 30 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-2 in., sharply acuminate, coriaceoofl, glabrous
shining above ; petiole 1 m.* Flowers pink. Pidiceh 1-3 in., subterniinal, solitary or
fascicled. ^Sepals and petals orbicular, ciliate, inner broad-oval. Filaments short,
broader than the oblong anthers. Ovaries spreading. Fruit unknown.
3. TAZiAVMA, Juss.
Trees or slirubs. Leaves and inflorescence of Magnolia. Se^xds 3. Petals 6
or more, in 2 (jr more whorls. Stanuns yery numerous, many-seriate ; antliers
linear, introrse. Gynophore sessile. Ovaries indefinite, 2-ovuled, spiked or
capitate ; stigmas decurrent. Carpels woody, separating from the woody axis
at the ventral suture, and leaving the seeds suspended from the latter by an
elastic cord. Seeds of Mcvgndia.— Distrib. Tropics of E. Asia and S. Ame-
rica, and in Jai>an ; species about 15.
1. T. Kodg-soni, IT.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 74 ; leaves obovate-oblong acute or
obtuse glabrous, ovaries glabrous, fruit ovoid, can)el8 sharply beaked.
H.f. III. Jlim. Pl.t. i^.
Forests of the Sikkim Himalaya and of the Khasia hili.8, alt. 4-5000 ft.
A lofty evergreen tree. Leaves 8-20 by 4-9 in., coriaceous, petiole 1-2 in. Flowers
white, odomus; peduncle short, thick; buds subgIob<t8e, 2-3 in. diam. Fruit 4r-^ \Tk.\
carpels 14 by 1 in. ; pits of the axis deep, nearly square.
2. T. Rabanlana, //. /. ft T. Fl. Ind. 75.; leaves lanceolate glabrous,
ovaries glabrous, fruit ovoid, carpels shortly beaked. Liriodeudron lilii-
fera, Koxb. Fl. Ind. il 654. *
Forests of the Khasia hills, alt. 4000 ft. H. /. tG T.
A lofty tree. Leaves 8-12 by 2-4 in. ; petiole 1 in. Fruit 4-6 ill i, longer than
broad ; pits of the axis shallow, elongated.
3. T. lanig-era, H.f. d; T. ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends, gla-
brous, ovaries densely woody, ripe fruit unknown.
Eastekn Peninsula, Griffith.
A tree. Leaves 12 by 5 in. ; petiole 1 in., thickened below. Flowers larc^e, odorous;
peduncle densely tomentose. Sepals 3, tomentose, at length glabrate. Pitah about 8,
oblong, fleshy, exceeding the sepals. Carpels (immature) densely woolly, beak glabrous.
4. T. xnutabilis, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 24, t. 10-12 ;* leavas ellipti^
or lanceolate acuminate usually pilose or downy beneath, fruit ovoid;
Talauma.] iii. magnoliaceje. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 41
carpels 9-1 2 coriaceous tubercled, beak short recurved. II. f. (h T, Fl. Ind,
74, Manglietia Candollei, Wall, Gat. 6497 {not of Blume).
Eastern Peninsula, from Moulmein to Penang. — Distbib, Java.
A shrub, 6-9 ft. (Blume) or tree; bark brown. Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in., glabrous
above, rarely so beneath, base acute; petiole 1-2 in., thickened below. Flowers large,
white ; peduncle stout, silky or woolly. /Sepals 3, 1-2 in., oval, thick, greenish. Fetals
6, obovate. F'ruit 2 in.
4. MAGNOZiIA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen or deciduous ; buds enveloped in the
convolute stipules, which are connate in pairs. Flower large, terminal.
Sepals 3. Petals 6-12, 2-4-seriate. Stamens numerous, many-seriate,
filaments flat; anthers adnate, introrse. Gynophore sessile. Garpels many,
imbricated on a long axis, 2-ovaled, persistent ; stigmas decurrent on the
ventral suture. _ Fruit an elongated axis, with persistent adnate 1-2-seeded
dorsally dehiscing follicles. Seeds pendulous from the carpels by a long
cord ; outer walls of testa fleshy ; albumen oily. — Distrib. Temp. N. Ame-
rica, temp, and trop. E. Asia and Japan ; species about 15.
1. m. Campbellil, B.f.(k T. Fl. Ind. 77 ; leaves deciduous elliptic
ovate or oblong acute or acuminate membranous, flowers appearing before
the leaves white or rose, carpels obtuse not beaked. R. /. III. Him. PL t. 4, 5 ;
Griff. Ic. iv. t. 656.
Eastern Himalaya, forests of Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 8-10,000 ft.
A lofty tree, branches black. Leaves 4^-12 by 2-4 in., glabrous above, glaucous
pubescent or silky beneath, base cordate rounded or oblique ; petiole 1 in. Floioers
6-10 in. diam. Petals 9-12. Fruit 6-8 in.
2. BX. g-lobosa, ff. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 77 ; leaves deciduous ? ovate acute
or obtuse shortly mucronate glaucous beneath, buds globose appearing
with the leaves, carpels shortly beaked.
Inner ranges of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 9-10,000 ft,
A small tree, branches brown, young tomentose, old glabrous. Leaves 5-9 by 3-6
in., nerves beneath tomentose. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., white, odorous; buds 1^ in.
diam. Petals 6. Fruit 2-3 in. long.
- 3. IMC. Griffithll, H.f. d; T,; leaves persistent oblong acute pale beneath,
buds oblong appearing with the leaves, carpels obtuse not beaked.
Forests of Upper Assam, near Sadya, Griffith,
An evergreen tree ; young branches and buds silky tomentose, finally glabrate. Leaver
10-14 by 5-6 in., coriaceous, glabrous above, nerves a little rough beneath ; petiole \ in.
Floioer-huds 2 in., enclosed in silky bracts. Carpels 1-2-seeded. — The number of ovules
is doubtful, and the plant may be a Manglietia.
4. TSL, sphenocarpa, Roxb. Gor. PI. iii. t. 266; leaves evergreen oblong
obtuse or subacute glabrous on both sides or puberulous beneath buds
globose appearing with the leaves, carpels very long-beaked. Wall, Gat.
975 ; H. f. (&: T. Fl. Ind. 78. Liriodendron grandiflorum, Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii.
653. Michelia macrophylla, Don Prodr. 226.
Tropical Himalayan forests, from Nipal to Assam, Khasia hills, and CmTTAGONO,
alt. 3000 ft.
Evergreen ; young parts hoary, at length glabrate. Leaves 8-1 6 by 3-6 in , tapering
to the base, thick, coriaceous ; petiole 1-2 in. Floicers white, fragrant ; buds 2 in. iliam.
Petals 6, oval, fleshy. Fruit 8-16 in. ; beak of carpels compressed, 1 in. or more. —
45; III. MAGNOLiACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Magnolia.
Tliere is an undescribed Magnolia or Manglietia in Herb. Hook, from Bhotan {Booth)
too incomplete for description.
5. MANGZiIETIA, Blume.
Trees ; foliage and inflorescence of Magiiolia. Sej^als 3. Petals 6 or niore,
2- or more-seriate. Stamens very numerous, many-seriate ; anthers linear,
adnate, introrse. Gynophm-e sessile. OiKiries many, cohering in an ovoid
head ; stigma Recurrent on the ventral suture ; ovules 6 or more. Fruii
ovoid, head of carpels persistent dehiscing dorsally. ISetds as in Magnolia. —
DiSTfiiB. Mountains of tropical Asia ; .species 5.
1. BI. insi^nis, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 23 ; leaves lanceolate acute or
acuminate, fruit a dense oblong spike of carpels. II. J. d' T. Fl. Jnd. 76.
Magnolia insiguis, Wall. Tent. Fl. ^ep. t. 1 ; PL As. Bar. ii 1. 182 ; Cat. 973.
NiPAL, alt. 6-10,000 ft. Khasia hills, alt. 3-6000 ft.
A lofty tree, wholly glabrous except a few brown hairs on the tips of the. bud-scales.
Leaves 4-8 by 1-24 >"•. coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, petiole J-l in- Flowers
odorous, pdle pink ; buds 2 in., ovoid-oblong. FetaU 9. Fruit 3-4 ii»., bright-purple
when fresh.
Var. 1. latifolia; leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in., elliptic-lanceolate acute.
Vab. 2. angustifolia; leaves 6-8 by 1-2 in., lanceolate acuminate.
2. M. Caveana, //. /. d- T. Fl. Ind. 76 ; leaves obovate oblong obtuse
or mucronate, fruit an ovuid or subglobose spike of carpels.
Forests of the Khasia hills, alt. 2-3000 ft., H.f. A T.
A lofty tree, glabrous everywhere. Leaves 8-10 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, glaucous be-
neath, reticulated when dry ; petiole 2 in. Flowers unknown. Carpels rounded at the
back. Seeds 2-6.
6. iaZCHZ:Z.ZA, Linn.
Trees. Leaves as in Magnolia. Fhnvers axillary, solitary (terminal in
M. Cathcartii). Sepalu &ud j>et<tls similar, 9-15 or more. 3- or more-seriate.
Stam-ens as in Magnolia. Gynophore stalked. Carpels in a loose spike,
stigma decurrent ; ovules 2 or more. Fruit a lax or dense elongate spike
of coriaceous dorsally dehiscing carpels. Seeds of Magnolia. — Distkib.
About 12 species ; temp, and trop. Mts. of India.
* Flowers terminal.
1. TH, Cathcartii, II. f. d- T. Fl. Ind. 79; leaves oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, nerves hairy on both surfaces, perianth-segments 9. II. /. III.
Him. PI. t. 7.
Temperate forests of the Sikkim Uihalata, alt. 5-6000 ft.
A lotty tree ; young \)ranches densely silky. Leaves 4 by 1^ in., thin, subcoriaceous,
pale beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowtrs 1 in. diam., white. t<ej>ali nud petals oblong,
inner gradually smaller. Carpels sessile, densely imbricate ; raoliis 2-4 in.
** Flowers axillary. Ovules 3 or more (see also 8, nilagirica).
2. Xtt. Chaxnpaca, L. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate tapering to a long point,
flowers yellow, segments of perianth 15-20, ovaries pubescent. DC Prodr.
i. 79; Wall. Cat. 969 [txcejit K); Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 656; W. d A. Prodr.
i. 6 ; Wight III. i. 13 ; Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. t.\, H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 79.
M. rufinervis, I)C. I.e. 79. M. Doldsopa, Ham. ex DC. I.e. ; Don Prodr. 226 ;
Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 3 ; Cat. 971. M. aurantiaca. Wall. Cat. 6492; PlanL
As. Par. t. 147. M. Rheedii, WigM III. i. 14, t. 6, f. 6.
Michelia.] iii. magnoliaceje. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 43
Commonly cultivated, but wild in the forests of the Temperate Himalaya, from
Nipal eastward ; and in Pegu, Tenassekim, the Nilghiris and Travancor. — Distrib.
Java ( CJiampi).
A tall tree ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 8-10 by 2^-4 in., shining above, pale
and glabrous or puberulous beneath ; petiole l-l^ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., pale yellow
or orange, very fragrant; peduncle short; buds silky. Sepals oblong, acute. Petals
linear. Fruit 3-4 in., carpels subsessile.
3. in. excelsa, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 9 ; leaves oblong or oblong-
lanceolate acute silky-brown beneath, flowers white, segments ,of perianth
about 12, ovaries pubescent. Wall. Cat 6494; Wight III. i. 14; H.f. <k T.
Fl. hid. 80 ; Griff. Ic. iv. 655. Magnolia excelsa, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 2.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5000 ft., from Nipal to Bhotan, and in the Khasia hills,
A lofty tree ; young parts softly brown-hairy. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in., acute, glabrous
above; petiole 1 in. Flowers 4-5 in. diam.; buds 2 in,, silky-brown. Sepals obovate.
Petals gradually narrower. Fruit 5-8 in. ; carpels subsessile, rather distant.
4. TfL. lanug-inosa, Wall. Tent Fl. Nep. 8, t. 5 ; Cat. 6493 ; leaves ob-
long or lanceolate, glabrous above white and tomentose beneatfi, flowers
white, segments of perianth about 18, ovaries densely woolly. H.f. ds T.
Fl. bid. 80. M. velutina, DC. Prodr. i. 79.
Temperate Himalaya, ait. 5-7000 ft., from Nipal to Bhotan, and in the Khasia
HILLS.
A small or large tree ; young parts densely white or grey-tomentose. Leaves 6-10
by 2-3^ in. ; petiole ^ in. Flowers 3-4 in. diam. ; buds 14 in. Sepals narrow- obovate,
obtuse. Inner petals narrower, acute. Fruit 4-5 in. ; carpels obovate, stalked, dis-
tant. — Wallich describes this as a tall tree flowering in spring. In Sikkim it forms a
large bush, flowering in autumn.
5. BZ. XLisopa, Ham. DC. Prodr. i. 79 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate glabrous, flowers pale yellow, segments of perianth about 12,
ovaries densely pubescent. Wall. Taut Fl. JSep. t. 4 ; Cat 970; Don Prodr.
226 \ H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 81.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-7000 ft., from Nipal to Kumaon.
A tall tree ; bark grey, young parts clothed with appressed grey pubescence, soon
glabrous. _ Leaves 5-6 by 1^-2 in., acute or acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces;
petiole 1 in. Flowers a_i in. diam. ; buds puberulous. Sepals narrow-obovate. Petals
scarcely narrower than the sepals. Fruit 3-4 in. ; carpels sessile.
*** Flowers axillary. Ovules 2, superposed,
6. M. oblong'a, TFa/^.Ca^. 972; leaves obovate-oblong glabrous glaucous
beneath, flow-ers white, segments of perianth about 12. H.f. dc T. Fl. Ind.
81 ; M. lactea, Wall. Cat 6491.
Forests of the Khasia hill^ and Assam.
A tree ; branches glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2| in., obtusely acuminate ; petiole
4-1 in. Flower-buds about 1 in., glabrous. Sepals 1^ in., narrow-obovate. Petals
lanceolate. Carpels sessile. — An imperfectly known species.
7. la, punduana, H.f. <& T. FL Ind. 81 ; leaves oblong abruptly acu-
minate glabrous, flowers white, segments of perianth about 9, ovaries
densely pubescent. Magnolia punduana, Wall. Cat 974.
Forests of the Khasia hills, alt. 3-5000 ft.
A tall tree; young parts brown-silky, soon glabrate. Leaves 4-6 by 2 in., base
acute or obtuse ; petiole |-| in. Flowers l|-2 in. diam. ; buds |-1 in., silky. Segments
of perianth obovate, outer obtuse, inner acute. Fruit 3-4 in. ; carpels sessile.
44 111. MAGNOLIACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Michelia.
a M. nilagririca, Zenk Plant, hid. t. 20 ; leaves oblong, elliptic- or
obovate-lanceolate acute at both ends or tip mucronate glabrous or pu-
berulous only on the nerves beneath, flowers white, segments of perianth
9-12, ovules 2 or 4-5. Wight III. i. 14 ; Ic. t. 938 ; H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 82 ;
Thwaites Enum, 5. M. Pulneyensis, Wight III. i. 14, i. 5 {except figs. 5 and 6).
Higher mountains, alt. 5-6000 ft., of the Western Peninsula (var. 1) and of
Ceylon (var. 2).
A tall tree, or shrub at high elevations, yoang parts silky. Leaves 2-4 in. Flowers
3-4 in. diam. ; buds ^-1^ in., ovoid, pubescent. Ptrianth-segments obovate, inner
acute. Fruit 2-3 in. ; carpels sessile — There is some confusion in the descriptions of
the Ceylon and Nilghiri plants. Zenker describes M. nilagirica as 1-ovuled; Wight,
Qllnst.) rej)eats this, but (Icones) figures 2 ovules and describes 4. Wight further
describes (Illustr.) M. Walkeri as 2-ovuled, and ovdifoliu as 3 ovuletl, whilst under
glauca he makes no mention of the ovules. His M. Puheyends is figured with yellow
flowers, and 4 ovules, and may be M. Champaca. — The following varieties are possibly
species : —
Var. 1. WiGHTii; a tree, leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in. elliptic green below, segments of
perianth usually 12, ovules 4-5. — M. ovalifolia, Wight. III. i. 13.
Var. 2. Walkkki; leaves 2-3 by 1-1 j^ in. oblong or obovate-oblong glaucous below,
segments of perianth usually 9, ovules 2, superposed.— i/. Wallxri and M. glatica,
Wight lU. i. 13, 14.
7. SCRZZANDRA, Michaux.
Climbing glabrous shrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers unisexual, white,
yeUowor reddish, axillary, or in the axils of scales near the base of short
lateral leafy branches. JSepals and petals 9-12, imbricate in about 3 series.
(^ Starnem 5-15 or more, in a spiral aeries, filaments very .sliort, free or sub-
connate, often fleshy ; anthers tree or subiminersed in a fleshy head of con-
fluent filaments, cells small, remote. ? Ovaries many, densely imbricated ;
stigma sessile ; ovules 2. Fruit a slender spike of globose indehiscent flesliy
1-seeded carj)els. ^:>eecls 1-2, suspended, albumen fleshy, testa cru.staceous :
embryo minute.— Distrlb. U. States, mountains of temperate and tropical
India and Java ; species about 6.
* Filaments monadelpJwus hdow^free above.
1. S. grandiflora, //. f. d- T. ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate acu-
minate distantly toothed, flowers 1 in. diam., fruit (j-9 in., carpels scarlet
fusiform on a cylindric fleshy axis. Si)h3crostema grandiflorum. //./. d& 2\
Fl. Ind. 84. Kadsura grandiflora, Wall. Tent. Fl. ^ep. t. 14 ; Cat. 4985 A,
in part.
Temperate Himalaya, from Simla to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft.
A woody glabrous climber. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., rather fleshy, base acute, pale
beneath; petiole 1-1^ in. Flowers solitary, pinky-white, o<lorou8 ; pedicel 1-2 in.
Filaments cylindric above; anthers ovoid, conneclive thickened, cells lateral or sub-
extrorse.
2. S. elongrata, H. f. <k T. ; leaves ovate acute or acuminate minutely
cartilaginous-toothed, flowers \ in. diam., fruit 2-3 in., carpels on a slender
axis. tSphaerostema elongatum, Blume FL Jav. Schiz. t. 6; U.f.k T. FL
Ind. 85. S. grandiflorum. Wall. Cal. 4983, A in part d 0.
Temperate Himalaya, from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft.; Khasia hills. —
DisTRiB. Java.
A woody climber; branches slender. Leaves 3-4 by 1^-2 in., pale, or glaucous be-
neath ; petiole 4-1 in. Flowers fascicled or solitary, i-| in. diam., yellowish ; pedi-
ScMzandra.] III. magnoliacejs. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 45
eels 1-1 4 in., slender. Stamens as in S. grandijlora. — Confounded witli S. grandiflora
by WalHcli (under 4985), but more slender, flowers smaller. The fruit is not so stalked
as in Blume's figure, but we believe this to be a variable character.
** Anthers sessile in cavities of the fleshy head of filaments.
3. S. propinqua, H.f. & T. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate serrate-toothed,
flowers small, pedicels long, fruit 6 in. long, axis fleshy. Sphaerostema pro-
pinquum, Blume Fl. Jav. Schiz. 16; Wall. Cat. 4986; H.f. (h T. Fl. Ind.
85. Kaclsura propinqua, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep^ 15.
Himalaya, from Nipal to Kumaon, alt. 4-6000 ft.
A woody climber. Leaves 3-5 by 14 in.; base rounded or cuneate ; petiole \ in.
Flowers small, yellow or orange, solitary or fascicled ; buds \-^ in. diam. ; pedicels
4 in., bracteolate. Anthers slightly protruded. Carpels as in 8. grandijlora.
4. S. axillaris, H. /. & T. ; 'leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate
tapering to a fine point, entire or remotely toothed, flowers \\x\. diam., pedi-
cels very short bracteolate, fruit 1-2 in. long. Sphaerostema axillare,
Blume Fl. Jav. Schiz. t.Z;H.f& T. Fl. Ind. 86.
Khasia hills, alt. 4-5000 ft. — Distrib. Java.
A slender climber. Leaves 3 by 1^-lf in., base cuneate or rounded; petiole 4 in.
Flowers dull scarlet, axillary ; bracteoles imbricating. Stamens as in S. ;pr(ypinqua.
Carpels small.
8. K.ADSUHA, Kaempfer.
Characters of ScMzandra, but ripe carpels arranged in a globose head,
ovuLes sometimes 4. — Disteib. temp, and subtrop. Asia; species about 7.
1. SL. Xlozburgrliiana, Am. inJard. Mag. Zool. d; Bot. ii. 546; leaves
ovate or oblong acute or acuminate, filaments connate in a column. H. f.
& T. Fl. hid. 83. Kadsura japonica, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 12; Cat. 4987
A, B {partly), not ofJussieu. Uvaria heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii 663.
SuBTKOPicAL Forests of Sikkim, Assam, Silhet, and the Khasia hills, ascending
to 5000 ft. _ • ^
A stout rambling climber; bark very rough. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-3 in., fleshy ; petiole
^ in. Flowers \ in. diam. ; pedi els §-1 in., stout, bracteolate to or below the middle.
Outer filaments short, iree above, inner wholly connate. Ovules 2. Fruit 1-2 in.
diam. Carpels many, as large as a bean, base cuneate, top rounded.
2. XL. Wig'litiana, Am. I.e. ii. 546 ; leaves broadly ovate acute or obtuse,
filaments free, ovules usually 4. H.f <k T. Fl. Ind. 84 ; Thwaites Enum. 5.
Mountains of Malabar, Wight, and of Ceylon, alt. 2-3000 ft.
A woody climber. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., pale btneath, base cuneate. Flowers 4 in.
diam., pale, yellow-green ; pedicels 1-2 in., stout, with several bracteoles. Fruit like
K. Boxburghiana.
There is in Herb. Kew. an imperfect specimen of a Malacca Kadsura collected by
Griffith (see Notul. iv. 714, Ic. iv. t. 651, f. 1 & 2) ; it may be K. scandens, Blume,
distinguished by its mucronate fruit.
Order IV. ANONACE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Trees or shrubs, often climbing and aromatic. Leaves alternate, exstipu-
late, simple, quite entire. Floivers 2- rarely 1-sexuaL Sepals 3, free or
connate, usually valvate. Petals 6, hypogynous, 2-seriate, or the inner
absent. Stamens muny, Turely definite, hypogy nous, closely packed on the
torus, filaments short or ; anthers aduate, ce.lls extrorse or sublateral,
46 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.)
connective produced into an oblong dilated or truncate head. Ovaries 1 or
more, apocarpous, very rarely (Anoria) syncarpous with distinct stigmas,
style short or ; ovules 1 or more. Fy-uit of 1 or more sessile or stalked
1- or many-seeded usually indehiscent carpels. Seed^^ large ; testa crus-
taceous or coriaceous ; albumen dense, runiinate^often divided almost to the
axis into 4 series of horizontal plates f embryo small or minute, cotyledons
divaricating. — Distrib. Tropics of the Old World chiefly ; genera about 40
with 400 species, the determination of which is exceedingly difficult.
Tribe I. Uvarleae. Petals 2-seriate, one or both series imbricate in
'bud. iStamens many, close-packed ; their anther-cella concealed by the
overlapping connectives. Ovaries indefinite.
Flowers 1 -sexual ; ovules many ; torus conical 1. Stelechocarpus.
Flowers 2-8exual ; ovules many, rarely few ; torus almost flat 2. Uvaria.
Flowers l-2-8exual ; ovule solitary 3. Elipeia.
Tribe II. XJnoneeB. Petals valvate or open in bud, spreading in flower,
flat or concave at the base only, inner subsimilar or 0. Stamens many,
close-packed, their anther-cells concealed by the overlapping connectives.
Ovaries indefinite.
* Petals conniving at th^ concave base ami covering tJie stamens and ovaries*
Ovaries 1-3, many-ovuled ; peduncles not hooked .... 4. Cyathocalyx.
Ovaries many, 2ovuled; peduncles hooked 5. AktaHotrys.
Ovaries many ; ovules 4 or more ; peduncles straight ... 6. Drkhanantuus.
** Petals Jlai ; spreading from the hose.
Eipe carj)el8 indehiscent.
Ovules many, 2 seriate ; petals lanceolate 7. Cananoa.
Ovules many, 2 seiiate ; petals broad-ovate 8. Cyathostemua.
Ovules 2-6, i-seriate on ihe ventral suture 9. Unona,
Ovules 1-2, basal or subbasal 10. Poi.yalthia.
Ripe carpels follicular 11. Anaxaoorka.
*** Inner petals valvate^ tip incurved.
12. POPOWIA.
Tbibe III. WitrephoreaB. Petals valvate in bud, outer spreading;
inner dissimilar, concave, connivent, arching over the stamens and pistih
IStamens many, close-packed, anther-ceils concealed by the overlapping con-
nectives. Ovaries indefinite.
* Inner petals not clawed.
Inner petals smaller than the outer 13. Oxymitra.
Inner petals much larger than the outer '. 14. PHJiANXHUS.
** Inner j^etals clawed, usually smaller tluin the outer.
Ovules 1-2, near the base of the ovary 15. Goniothalamdb.
Ovules many 16. Mitrephoka.
Tribe IV. Xylopieae. Petals valvate in bud, thick and rigid, connivent,
inner similar but smaller, rarely 0. IStamens many, close-packed, anther-
cells concealed by the produced connectives. Ovaries indefinite.
Ovules solitary ; fruit fleshy, of many connate carpels . . . 16.* An(-)NA,
Ovules 2- 00 ; outer petals broad ; torus convex 17. Mei.odorum.
Ovules 2-00 ; outer petals narrow; torus flat or concave . . 18. XiJUuriA.
IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) 47
Tribe V. XKEiliuseae. Petals imbricate or valvate in bud. Stamens often
definite, loosely imbricate, anther-cells not concealed by the overlapping
connectives. Ovaries solitary or indefinite.
* Ovaries indefinite.
Petals valvate, inner largest; ovules definite 19. Miliusa.
Petals valvate, inner largest ; ovules indefinite 20. Saccopetalum. j
Petals valvate, subequal; ovules 4-8 21. Alphonsea.
Petals valvate, inner shortest; ovules 2-4 22. Oeophea.
Petals imbricate, subequal ; ovules 2-8 23. Bocagea.
** Ovaries solitary.
Outer petals valvate, inner imbricate 24. Kingstonta.
All the petals valvate 25. Lonchomera.
1. STEZiBCKOCARFXTS, Blume.
A tree. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers dioecious, fascicled, axillary or on the
old wood. Sepals 3, small, elliptic or orbicular, imbricate. Torus conical.
Stamens indefinite, connective dilated, truncate. Ovaries indefinite, ovoid ;
stigma sessile ; ovules 6 or more. Ripe carpels large, berried, globose, 4-6-
seeded.— DiSTRiB. Species 1 or 2, Malayan.
1. S. Burahol, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 48, t. 23 & 25 C ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous. H.f. <h T. Fl. Ind. 95.
Singapore, Lohh. — Distiub. Java.
A tall tree; branches black, glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by l|-3 in., base acute; petiole
\ in. ^ flowers many, 1 in. diam. ; $ much smaller ; pedicels with scaly bracteoles,
of (? 1 in., slender, of ^ 2-3 in., stout, clavate bracteolate below the middle. We col-
lected a similar plant, but flowerless, near Chittagong.
2. VVAXIIA, Linn.
Scandent or sarmentose shrubs, usually stellately pubescent. Flowers
terminal or leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, cymose fascicled or solitary, yellow-
purple or brown. Sepals 3, often connate below, valvate. Petals 6, orbicular
oval or oblong, imbricate in 2 rows, sometimes connate at the base. Stamens^
indefinite ; top of connective ovoid-oblong truncate or subfoliaceous. Torus
depressed, pubescent or tomentose. Ovaries indefinite, linear-oblong ; style
short, thick; ovvles many, 2-seriate, rarely few or 1-seriate. Ripe carpels
many, dry or berried, few or many-seeded. — Disteib. Many tropical Asiatic
and a few African species.
Sect. I. Outer stamens flat, subfoliaceous, often imperfect.
* Peduncles 1-2-flowered, leaf-opposed, rarely terminal (2-4-flowered in
3, dulcis and 7, Lobhiana).
a. Leaves below and buds appressed tomentose.
1. U. purpurea, Blume Bijd. 11; Fl. Jav. Anon. 13, t. 1 & 13^;
leaves cuneate- or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate cordate stellate
tomentose beneath, buds tomentose enclosed in 2 large bracts, carpels
oblong or cylindric mucronate tomentose, dorsally 2-keeled. Wall. Cat.
6485, excl. E <k O ; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 95. U. grandiflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
ii. 665 ; Wall. PL As. Rar. ii. t. 121 ; Wight dc Am. Prodr. 9. Unona gran-
diflora, DC. Prodr. i, 90.
48 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoins.) [ Uvaria,
From Pegu, WaUich, to Singapore, Lohh, and Penano, Philltpg—DismnB. Eastward
to the Philippines.
Shrubby, sarmentose ; young parts stellately pubescent. Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in,,
tapering downwards from above the middle, young pubescent above, soon glabrous and
shining; nerves many, paral It- 1, close -set near the petiole, which is ^-^ in. Floicors
3-3 in. diam., rarely geminate, terminal or leaf-opposed, pur|)le, odorous ; bracts, orbi-
cular, deciduous ; peduncle 1-1 4 in. Sepals ovate, acute. Carpds many, stalked, sub-
torulose ; stalk 1-1 4 in.
2. XT. Bamiltonl, //./. <0 T. Fl. Tnd. 96; leaves oblong-obovate long
acuminate pubescent above tomentose beneath, buds toinentose, peduncle
1-bracteolate, carpels subglobose or broad ovoid tomentose not keeled.
Wall. Cat. 6485, E,
Forests of the Sikkim Terai, Behak near Monghir, and Assam, Hamilton.
Shrubby, sarmentose or scandent ; branches rough, tomentose Leaves 5-8 by 2-34 in.,
tapering lo the rounded or conlate base ; petiole J-^ in. Floicert 2 in. diam., solitair
or geminate, leaf-opposed ; pedicel 1 in., tomentose. Sepali connate below, short, broad,
obtuse, mucronate. Petals broad-oval, densely tomentose on both surfaces. Carpels
many, f-1 in., transversely grooved when dry ; stalk 1 in.
3. U. dulclB, Dnnal Anon. 90, t. 13; leaves oval or oblong subacute
puberulous abi)ve woolly beneath, buds globose tomentose, peduncle with
several bracteoles about tlie middle short 1-4-flowered. DC. Prodr. i. 88 .;
^J.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 98. U. Javana, Dunal I.e. 91 ; Blutne Fl. Jav. Amn.i.Z.
Malacca, Griffith, Muingay ; Texa».sekim, Brandls.
A large woody climber , young branches densely tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 1 4-24 in.,
base rounded or subcordate, slightly repand ; petiole J-^ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., sub-
umbellate, greenish, odorous ; peduncle i-4 in., leaf-opposed, short, woody ; bracts
several; pedicels bracteolate about the middle. Petals oblung, subacute, tomentose on
both sides. — Allied to U. macrophylla.
4. U. sphenocarpa, //./. <(; T. Fl. Tnd. 99; leaves narrow-obovate or
cuneate-oblong, shining above stellate-toiuentose beneath, peduncle 1-
flowered, bracts orbicular scaly itnbricate, carpels obovute-cuneate sessile
warted. Thwaites Euum. 6 ; Btdd/nne Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. bO.
Forests of Ceylon, ascending to 15,000 ft. Walker, &c.
A large shrub, climbing? Leacet 3-5 by 1^-2^ in , shortly petioled, long-acnroinate,
base obtuse or retuse, above sparsely hairy, midrib tomentose. Floirers ^-J in. diam.,
greenish-brown; peduncles 4 in., leaf-opposed. Petals broadly oblong, tomentose.
Caipels 1 in. diam., obovate-cuneate.
/3. LeaveSjhmh and carpels tuith loose spreading liairs.
5. U. hirsuta, Jack 3fal. .Wise, ex Hook Bot. 2fv<c. ii. 87 ; leaves oblong
with scattered hairs above and stellate hairs beneath, i)eduncle 1- rarely
2-iiowered, bracts large deciduous ba.sal, carpels long-stalked warted hairy.
—Blmne Fl. Jav. Anun. t. 5 • Wall. Cat. 645« {exd. C); ILf. <L' T. Fl. Ind,
99. U. trichomalla, Blunie I.e. 42 t. 18 ; lioxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 605.
Penakg, Jack; Singapore, Lohh. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.
A woody sarmentose shrub; young branches softl\ hairy. Leaves 5-6 by 14-24 in.,
base rounded or cordate ; petiole J in. Flowers I4 in. diam., red ; buds globose, hairy ;
peduncles 1 in,, terminal or lateral, softly hairy, articulate near the base; bract 4 in.
tSepals large, orbicular, connate. Petalu oblong, downy. Carpels 1-1 4 in., oblong or
ovate-oblong, beak obscurely keeled — "deep orange, rugose, densely stellate pilose,"
Malngay mss.
Uvaria.] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 49
y. Leaves glabrous, eoocept on the nerves.
6. U. bracteata, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 660 ; leaves oblong or obovate-ob-
long acute or shortly acuminate, peduncle l-2flowered, bract median leafy
petioled, carpels subsessile oblong obtuse young tomeiitose. Wall. Cat.
6468; H. f. (^ T. Fl. Ind. 100. U. Gomeziana, A, DC. Mem. Anon. 27;
Wall Cat. 6459.
Eastern Bengal, from Silhet, Roxburgh ; to Tenasserira, Wallich.
A large woody climber; young branches tomentose. Leaves 4-7 by l|-24 in., base
rounded, thin, (irm, glabrous except the midrib and nerves beneath ; petiole J-^ in.,
tomentose. Flowers 4 in. diam., pale yellow ; peduncles ^ in., leaf-opposed ; bract ^in.,
oblong or ovate. ^Sepals connate to the middle, pubescent. Carpels 1-2 in.
7. W. ZiObbiana, R. f. <i; T. Fl. Ind. 100 ; leaves oblong or obovate-
oblong obtuse acute or mucronate glabrous, peduncle 2-4-flowered, bract
small cordate amplexicaul at the fork, carpels obliquely ovoid long-stalked
tubercled.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay, and Singapore, Lolih.
A large woody climber; branchlets pubescent. Lenves 4-7 by l|-3 in., base
rounded or snbcordate, thin, coriaceous, midrib and under surface with sometimes a
few stellate hairs ; petiole {-^ in. Flowers 1 in. diam., purplish-brown ; buds globose;
peduncles terminal and leaf-opposed, pedicels bracteolate ; bracts and bracteoles abont
i in. Sepals connate for | their length into a wavy cup. Petals broad-oval, tomentose,
warted on both surfaces. Carpels 1 in., tomentose. — Near U. pti/chocalyx, Miq.
** Peduncles 3-&-flowered, leaf-opposed. (See 3, didds and 7, Lohhiana.)
8. IT. macrophylla, Roxh. FL Ind. ii. 663 ; leaves oblong or obovate-
oblong abruptly acuminate, glabrous or stellate-pubescent beneath, peduncle
many-flowered, bracts small oval basal, carpels ovoid or oblong glabrous
sessile or stalked. Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 122 ; Cat. 6487 ; H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind.
97 : Beddome Ic PI. hid. Or. t. 81. U. cordata, Wall. Gat. 6486. Guatteria
cordata, Dunal Anon. 129, t. 30 ; DC. Prodr. i. 93.
Eastekn Bkngal, from Silhet to Ava and Sincapore ; South- Eastern districts of
Ceylon. — Distrib. Java.
A large sarmentose shrub ; young parts tomentose. Leaves 6-1 2 by 3-6 in., base
cordate, nerves above tomentose; petiole ^-\ in. Floioers Igin. diam., reddish-brown;
peduncles 1 in., and bracts tomentose ; pedicels short ; bracteole supramedian. Petals
broad-oval, pubescent. Carpels 1-1 ^ in., berried, sometimes shorter than their stalk.
— 1 he Borneo and Philippine specimens formerly identified with this, we refer to U.
ovallfoUa, Blume.
9. U. semecarpifolia, II. f. <fc T. Fl. Ind. 97 ; leaves oblong or ob-
ovate-oblong obtuse or mucronate rarely acute very thick stellate-pubescent
beneath, peduncle 3-6-fiowered, bracts at the forks scaly, carpels shortly
stalked smooth \.Qim^\\iQ%^.—Tkwaites Enurn. 6 ; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or.
t. 82.
Malacca, Griffith ; tropical forests of Central and S. E. Ceylon.
A woody climber ; branches tomtntose. Leaves 6-10 by 24-4^ in., slightly cordate,
nerves above pubescent ; petiole J in. Floioers 1-1^ in. diam., greenish-brown ; pe-
duncles 4 in., leaf-opposed, tomentose. Petals broad-oval, hoary, Caipels'l in. diam.,
subglobose. — Malacca specimens have more dibtant nerves than Cejlon ones.
10. U. ptychocalyx, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 4 ; leaves oblong
or obovate-oblong obtuse or abruptly acuminate stellately hairy beneath at
length glabrous, peduncle 2-3-flovvt;red with a large leafy bract at the base
VOL. L E
60 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Uvaria.
of each pedicel and a bracteole under the calyx, carpels stalked subglobose
rough densely tomentose.
Forests of Pegu, MadeUand, &c. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java?
A woody climber ; bark dark-grey, rugged ; young parts densely tomentose. Leave$
4-12 by 2-5 in., slightly cordate, midrib and nerves above tomentose ; petiole J-^ in.
Flowers 1 1 in. diam., dull red-purple ; pedicels ^-^ in. ; bract ^-1 in. long, ovate, tomen-
tose. Sepals connate halfway up into a densely tomentose cup, margins subplicate.
Petals fleshy, oval or obovate-oblong, obtuse, tubercular, pubescent. Carpels size of a
cherry ; stalk 1-1 ^ in.
*** Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered.
11. TJ. subrepanda, Wall. Cat. 6483 ; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong
acute glabrous above pubescent beneath at length glabrous, peduncles
slender stellately pubescent bracteolate about the .middle and base. //. /.
(L^ T. Ft. Ind. 101.
Singapore, Wallich.
A shrub ; branches very slender, young parts pubescent. Leaves membranous, mid-
rib pubescent above. Feduncks 1 in. ; uracteoles concave. — A very imperfectly known
plant.
Sect. II. Stamens all cuneate ; connective truncate or capitate or hardly
produced beyond the cells.
* Flowers 1 inch or more in diameter.
12. U. macropoda, //. /. <£• T. Fl. Ind. 101 ; leaves .3-6 in. oblong or
lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous, bud.s tubercled beaked, carpels
oblong granulate S-quctrous very long stalked. TkwaUes Enum. 6 ; Bed-
dome Ic. FL Ind. Or. t. 79.
Forests in Central and Eastern Ceyi/>n, Walker, &c.
A large woody climber ; branchlets glabrous or with sparse stellate scales. Leaves
3-6 by 1 -2 in., shining above, pale beneath ; petiole \ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., nddish-
brown, terminal or leaf-opposed ; peduncle scurfy. Sepals granular, tomentose inside,
orbicular, mucronate. PttaU oWoug. Carpels 15-30, 1-2 in., berried, starlet; stalk
3-6 in., clavate.
13. U^. XiTarum, Wall. Cat. 6473; leaves 3-8 in. oblong-lanceolate or
narrow-oblong acute or shortly acuminate glabrous, buds globo.se stellate-
tomentose, carpels ovoid or oblong smooth slender-stalked. W. d: A. Prodr.
9 ; Wifjht III. 1, t. 6 ; H.f. l- T. Fl. Ind. 102; Tkwaites Enum. 6. Unona
Narum, Dunal Anon. 99 ; DC. Prodr. i. 89.
Forests of the Western Peninsula; Central province of Cevlon, ascending to
4000 ft.
A large woody climber ; branches glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 1 1-1 \ in., shining above ;
petiole \ in., glabrous. Flowers 1-1 4 in. diam., terminal or leaf ()p{)o^ed, solitary, red-
dish or dingy-green ; pedicels 1-1 ^ in., filiform, glabrous. Seju/U orbicular, subacute.
Petals sometimes 7-8. oval or oblong, connate below. Carpels 1 in., scarlet, subto-
rulose, glabrous ; stalk 1-2 in.
Var. 1. Eiivarum; leaves 3-6 in., more oblong-lanceolate.
Var. 2. macrpphylla ; leaves 6-9 in., lanceolate, carpels on longer thicker angular
Ptalks.— U. lurida, var. /3, H.f.d; T. Fl. Ind. 101; WaU. Cat. 6473; Dalz. dc Gibs.
Fl. Bombay, 3.
14. U. lurida, //•/. <& T. Fl. Ind. 101 {excl. var.^)\ leaves oblong or
oblong-lanccohite acute or acuminate, glabrous and shining on both suriuces,
buds globose ruugh glandular, fruit unknown.
Uvaria.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 51
Northern slopes of the Khasia hills, alt. 2000 ft., R.f. & T.
A large wood)' climber; young parts with stellate scales. Leaves 3-8 by 1-24 '^^'i
base rounded or acute, paler beneath ; petiole ^ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., solitary or
geminate ; peduncles 1 in., stellately pubescent. J^eials broad-obovate, obtuse. — Pos-
sibly a state of U, Narum.
15. U. zeylanica, L. ; leaves lanceolate or oblong lanceolate acute or
acuminate thickly coriaceous quite glabrous, buds very small subglobose,
carpels subsessile ovoid or globose hoary. — Dunal Anon. 88; DC. Frodr.
i. 88 ; H.f. (L^ T. Fl. Ind. 102 ; Tliwaites Enum. 6 ; Beddome Ic. FL Ind. Or.
t. 78. U. coriacea, Vahl Symh. iii. 72. U- lutea, Wcdl. Cat. 6462 {not of
Roxb.). U. Heyneana, W. (h A. Frodr. 8 {not of Wall.). Guatteria Mala-
h8irica,*Danal Anon. 134. G. m'ontana, BC. Frodr. i. 94.
Malabar, Travancor, and Ceylon.
A large w^oody climber; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 24-34 by f-l|: in., base
acute, dark green and shining above, red or pale beneath ; petiole very short. Flowers
1 in. diam., bolitary or geminate, dull red ; peduncles 4 i^-, terminal or leaf-opposed,
tomentose; bracts several, scaly. PefaZs oblong, acute. Carj^els \'vsx.
16. "IT. pauciovulata, H. f. dh T. ; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse or
obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above paler and scaberulous beneath^
Eubescent on the strong nerves, racemes terminal few-flowered, carpels glo-"
ose mammillate tomentose long-stalked.
Malacca, Maingay.
A flexuous shrub ; branchlets bracts sepals and petals externally brown tomentose or
scurfy. Leaves 2-5 by 1-24 ^n., rigid, coi-iaceous, base rounded or cordate, nerves
petii)le
flowered ; bracts orbicular ; buds globuse. Sejiah J in., orbicular, connate to the middle.
many spreading; petiiJe ^V i^^- Flowers 14 in. diam.; peduncle short, stout, 1-3-
(Mter petals \^ in., orbicular-oblong, very coriaceous, glabrous within ; inner as long,
narrower. Torus flattish. Ovaries linear, wi'h stellate scales, base solid; style cylin-
dric, stigma obtuse ; ovules 1-3 superposed. Carpels 12-15, 3-4 ii^* diam., 1-2-seeded;
stalk 4-| in., slender. Seeds horizontal, compressed, testa shining.
** Flowers small, \ inch or less in diameter,
17. U. micrantha, H.f. (& T. Fl. Ind. 103; leaves oblong-lanceolate
obtusely acuminate glabrous coriaceous, petiole very short, buds globose
pubescent, carpels glabrous granulate. Guatteria micrantha, A. DC. Mem.
42 ; Wall. C«^.6449. Polyalthia fruticans, A. DC. Ic 42; Wall. C^at 6430.
Eastern Peninsula ; from Ava and Tenasserim, to Penang.
A large woody climber; young parts tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by |-1^ in., base acute,
midrib above and^ under surface when young slightly hairy. Flowers ^-4 in. diam.,
white ; peduncles 1-3, 4 in., tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, orbicular. Sepals pubescent
oiitside, persistent, not much imbricated. Carpels 15-20, \-^ in., stalk as long.
18. U. sumatrana, H.f.&T.; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lan-
ceolate membranous long-acuminate tip obtuse or acute glabrous, petiole
very short, flowers minute fascicled. Anaxagorea sumatrana, Mio[. F'l. Ind.
Batt. Suppl. i. 382.
Andaman Islands, Kurz.
Branches slender, rough, young brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by |-14 in., base
rounded or subacute, midrib above tomentose; petiole very short, tomentose. Flowers
terminal or leaf-opposetl, tomentose ; bracteole submediau, small, orbicular, tomentose.
Sepals ovate, acute. Petals twice as long, bruadH)vate.
19. U. parviflora, H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 103; leaves oblong usually acu-
minate membranous pellucid-dotted, petiole \-\ in.j buds minute globose,
peduncles 1-4- flowered with several bracts.
i:2
52 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [ Uvaria.
Penang, Phillips.
A slender woody climber ; branchlets glabrous ; buds tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by
14-2^ in., base acute, nerves reticulate. Flowers very minute; peduncle about 4 in.,
leaf-opposed or nearly so ; bracts alternate; pedicels ^-4 in., puberulous ; bracteole
submedian, linear oblong. Sepals orbicular, pubescent. Petals ovate, acute.
U. SCI.EROCARPA, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 27; Wall. Cat. 6461, from Moulmein, is a
very doubtful plant, of which the flower is unknown and fruit immature.
3. EI1X.XFBXA, H. f. <k T.
Characters of Uvaria, but differing in the oblong style, solitary yentral
or subbasal ovule, and 1-seeded cari)els. — Distkib. Malayan Peninsula and
Archipelago; species 6 or 6— Reduced to Uvaria by Baillon.
1. E. cuneifolia, //./. <£• T. Fl. Ind. 104; leaves oblong or obovate-
oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous above tomentose beneath, flowers
in terminal panicles, carpels tomentose oblong obtuse. Hook. Ic.Fl. 1. 1025.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Branches woody, brown-ioiuentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., firm, coriaceous, base
roun'lid or subcordate, shining above except the tomentose miilrib ; petiole { in. Pe-
rfi'ceZ* 4 i"-j ^«^nsely tomentose ; bracts at each fork oblong or ovate; bracteole under
*the cal\x, orbicular. Flowers I4 in. diam., densely tomentose. Carpels 4-3 in., with
a lateral niucro ; stalk 1 in.
2. Xa. ferruglnea, H.f. <(- T. ; leaves oblong or obovate acute or obtuse
appressed pubescent above densely stellate tomentose beneath, flowers
solitary terminal or leaf-opposed, carpels stellate tomentose. Uvaria ferru-
ginea, Ham. ; H.f. & T. FL Ind. 96.
Forests of Ava at Meaday, Hamilton ; and Pegu, Kurz.
Scandont; branches slender, brown-tomcntose. Jjcaves 3-6 by 14-34 in.; petiole
J-^ in., brown-tonienlose. Floicers 1.}-14 i"- diam., grey pubescent; peduncle ^-4 in. ;
bracts submedian, oblong or lanceolate, deciduous. Sepals ^ in., broad-ovate, acute.
Petals I in., oval. Carpels many, shortly stalked. — M. Kurz sends detached Iruits,
from which the description is taken.
3. IS. g'labrSf //./. <i' T. ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acu-
minate quite coriaceous glabrous on both surfaces, cymes axillary 3-5-
flowered, carpels subglobose, stalk slender.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree; branchlets and inflorescence brown-pubescent. Ijeanes 4-5^ bj 14-2 in.,
base rounded or acute, rigid above, hardly shining, beneath rather palt-r, veins strong
arched ; petiole \-\ in., glabrous. Fknoers U in. diam., cymes 1-1 4 in. ; peduncle very
short; peuicels longer ; bracteole oblong, 4-iUuiflexicanl, recurved. /SV/>a/j? ^ in., ovate-
lanceolate, acute, recurved. Petals tint, not clawed, outer 1 in. obovate-lanceolate,
subacute ; inner shorter, obovate, obtuse. Ovaries glabrous below, solid and strigose
above; ovule 1, erect (Maingay). Carpels | in., walls thin; stalk f-l^ in., slender.
Seed oblong, pale, girt with a deep longitudinal furrow. — Very ditl'erent in habit froui
its congeners.
4. S. nervosa, //./. d; T. ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong or
lanceolate tinely acuminate coriaceous glabrous pale, nerves beneath strong
oblique, flowers solitary extra-axillary polygamous, carpels glabrous stalk
stout.
Vi A L A cc A , Maivgny.
Branches stout. Leaves 6-10 by 2|-3 in., base acute, nerves very oblique, faint above ;
UlUjyeia.] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 53
petiole 4 in., thickened, glabrous. Flowers | in. diara., silky-pubescent, solitary, leaf-
opposed ; peduncle short, stout ; bracts basal. Sepals broad-ovate, obtuse. Petals
spreading, imbricate (Maingay), outer obovate-oblonj?, obtuse; inner rather shorter,
oblong. Stamens in <J very many, in 9 few. Ovaries many, curved, top rounded.
Unripe carpels | in., narrow*ovoid, curved, narrowed at either end, fleshy.
4. CVATKOCAX.VX, Champion.
Trees. Leaves glabrous. Flowers fascicled terminal or leaf-opposed.
Sepals free or united into a 3-lobed cup. Petals 6, 2-seriate, valvate in bud,
subequal, bases concave conniving, blade flat spreading. >S'i^ame??s indefinite,
long-cuneate, truncate ; anther-cells linear, dorsal. varies so\ita,ry (or 2-3
in C. ? Maiiigayi), on a concave torus ; stigma large, peltate ; ovules many.
Eipe carpels berried. — Distrib. Tropical India ; species 3.
1. C. zeylanicus, Champ.; R. /. dh T. Fl. Ind. 127; leaves oblong-
lanceolate acuminate, calj'-x truncate remotelj' ,3-toothed, carpel oblong or
subglobose. Thwaites Erium. 9 ; Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 47.
Central and southern provinces of Ceylon, Walker.
A tree ; branches glabrous ; bark dark, buds golden-pubescent. Leaves 6-10 by
2-3 in., base acute; petiole 4 in. Flowers 1-3, fascicled on a short woody peduncle,
pale green; pedicels \-l in. Petals 2^ by 1^ in., brown-pubescent. Carpets 2^ in.
diam., berried. Seeds compressed, 1 in., sides tranversely rugose, testa, redbrown,
bony. — We have removed the Mergui plant of Griffith (No. 1032) to the following.
2. C. martabanicus, H. f. <^ T. ; leaves ovate or oblong acuminate,
calyx acutely 3-lobed to the middle, carpel oval.
Forests of Pegu, Tenasserim and Martaban.
A tree ; branches smooth, glabrous, young puberulous. Leaves 6-8 by 2-4 in. ;
petiole 4 in. Flowers 1-3 together, leaf-opposed ; pedicels very short, pubescent.
Calyx pubescent. Petals |-1 in., inner shortest and narrowest. Carpel 3 by I5 in.
3. C. ? Maing-ayi, //./. & T. ; leaves glabrous broad-elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, tip \ in. abruptly caudate linear obtuse, buds subglobose silky,
carpels very large thick subglobose sessile.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ; branchlets nearly glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3 .in., base obtuse or sub-
acute, nn^mbranous, beneath concolorous, nerves slender; petiole tV-^ in. Flowers 2 in.
diam., several on a short pubescent axillary bracteate peduncle. Sepals almost free,
ovate, acute, densely pubescent. Outer petals obovate, rusty pubescent ; inner rather
smaller and narrower. Connective not ^voXongQ^. Ovaries 2-'^ ; ovules 10, 2-seriate.
Carpels 2-34 ^7 H-3 in., subverrucose, pubescent, at length glabrous. Seeds many,
broad, flattened, imbricate in 2 series ; testa bony. — Referred to near Artabotrys and
Cananga by Maingay ; a very doubtful member of this genus. Petals valvate below,
imbricate above.
5. ARTABOTRVS, R Brown.
Sarraentose or scandent shrubs. Leaves shining. Flowers solitary or
fascicled, usually on woody usually booked recurved branches (peduncles).
Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, 2-seriate, bases concave connivent, limb spreading,
flat subterete or clavate. Stamens oblong or cuneate ; connective truncate or
produced ; anther-cells dorsal. Toriis flat or convex. Ovaries few or many ;
style oblong or columnar; ovules 2, erect, collateral. Bipe carpels berried. —
Distrib. Tropical Africa and Eastern Asia.
54 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. &, Thoms.) 5" [Artabotrys,
* Limb ofpttals broad lanceolate or elliptic oblong.
1. A. odoratissimus, R. Br. in Bot. Reg. 423, not of Bhime ; leaves
oblong or lanceolate glabrous, petals glabrous when expanded, carpels gla-
brous. Wall. Cat. 6415 ; W. d; A. Prodr. 10 ; //./. <{• T. Fl. Ind. 128. A.
hamatus, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 60, t. 29, 31 C. Unonahamata, Dunal Anon.
106, t. 17 ; DC. Prodr. i 90. Uvaria odoratissima and hamata, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 666.
Southern parts of the Western Peniksdla, and in Ceylon; cultivated throughout
India. — Distkib. Java, S. China.
A glabrous shrub; branches long. Leaves 2-8 by 1-2 in. Flowers yelhw, solitary
or geminate. Petals 1-1 f in., nearly equal, young pubescent, especially at the base.
Carpels obovate-oblong, yellow, odorous.
2. A. Kurzli, Il.f.d' T. ; leaves obovate-oblong obtuse or obtusely
mucronate or elliptic and acute at both ends, glabrous except the pilose
nervt s and midrib, flowers on solitary slender (not hooked) peduncles, petals
grey-pubescent, carpels glabrous.
Forests of Pegu, Kurz.
Shrubby, sarmentose ; young parts brown-tomentose. Leaves 24-6 by lJ-24 in-,
shining above, pale below; petiole J in. FUnrers extra-axillary; pednncle 4 in.,
strigose. Sepals 4 in., triangular, a<uminate. Petals about 14 in., limb oblong, sub-
acute or obtuse, grey-pubescent ; inner rather shorter. Carpels (unripe) many. — The
peduncles, which are not hooked in flower, may become so in fruit.
3. A. zeylanicoB, //. /. <C' T. Fl. Ind. 128 : leaves oblong or lanceolate
acute or obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncle leaf-opposed, sepals as broad
as long, petals tomentose, carpels tomentose. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 48.
Forests of Malabar, Canaka, Central'and Southern Cevlon.
A woody climber; branchlets pubenilous. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2^ in., petiole J in.
Flouers brown-tomontose ; pedicels ^ in., pubescent. Sepals puberulous, \ in. long.
Petals l|-li in., inner shorter and narrower; limb flat, lanceolate. Carpels broad
obovoid, mucronate.
4. A. crasslfoliuB, //./. <{r T. ; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse subacute
or obtusely mucronate, coriaceous glabrous or pilose beneath, petiole very
thick, peduncles reflexed woody, petals and carpels densely tomentose.
Eastern Peninsula, from Martaban, Brandls, to Malacca, Griffith.
A large woody climber; branchlets tomentose. Ijcaves 6 by 24-3 in., base acute or
obtuse, lucid above, pale and strongly nerved beneath ; petiole 4 in., glabrous. Pedicels
\ in., brown-tomentose. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, and petals densely tomentose ; the
latter 14 by 14 in-, inner shorter and half the width. Ovaries sparingly hairy ; style
cylindric. Carpels many, 1| in., obovoid, very thick, glabrous, granulate; stalk
hardly any.
5. A. pleurocarpus, Maingay mss. ; leaves elliptic or oblong lanceo-
late or oblanceolate caudate-acuminate membranou.s glabrous, flowers fas-
cicled, peduncles falcate, petals subequal elliptic-oblong obtuse, ovaries gla-
brous, carpels pubescent broad elliptic.
Malacca, Maingay.
A scandent shrub; branches slender, glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by l|-2 in., base acute,
?ale, finely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves slender, spreading; jtctiole ^^ in.
^eduvcles 4 in., densely pubescent. Sepals § in., broad-ovate, obtuse or subacute.
Petals flat, pubescent on both surfaces ; outer 1- 1 ^ in., inner rather smaller. Connective
apiculate. Ovaries many, slender. Carpels f in., mammillate, obscurely grooved,
narrowed into the short stout stalk. Seeds 2, testa stony.
Arteihotri/s.] iV. anOnACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 65
** Limb of outer or all the petals linear, narrow-oblong or subclavate.
6. A. speciosus, Kurz mss. in Hb. Ketv. ; leaves oblong obtusely acu-
minate thick rigid glabrous, peduncles flattened woody reflexed, outer petals
linear-lanceolate tapering from the base, inner much narrower, ovaries
glabrous.
Andaman Islands, Kurz.
Scandent ; bark grey, rugged, reticulate ; leaf-buds silky. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in.,
shining above, dull beneath ; petiole J in. Flowers fascicled towards the end of the
pubescent peduncles. Sepals ^ in., ovate, acute or acuminate, thick, rigid, puberulous
outside, glabrous within. Outer petals 2 by | in., appressed pubescent, claw concave ;
inner much contracted above the orbicular concave claw, narrow'linear. Torus stri-
gose. Fruit unknown.
7. A. IHain^ayi, H. f. <& T. ; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends
glabrous tip caudate, petiole slender, peduncle falcate glabrous, outer
petals linear-oblong, inner rather smaller, ovaries glabrous, carpels sessile
glabrous.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches black, glabrous, slender. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-2 in., thin, concolorous and
finely reticulate on both surfaces. Flowers 1 in. diam., fascicled ; peduncle 4-14 in.,
hoary-pubescent. Sepals ^^ in., obtuse. Outer petals \-\\ by 4-^ in., obtuse, concave ;
base small, suborbicular ; inner smaller and narrower. Ovaries 3-4, ovoid. Carpels
24 by 14 in., elliptic globose, mammillate, yellow, walls thick. Seeds 2, plano-convex,
testa stony. ^
8. A. caudatus, Wall. Cat. 6417; leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusely
caudate-acuminate glabrous, peduncles short woody recurved many-
flowered, outer petals narrow-linear not contracted above the square claw.
H.f. (^ T. Fl. hid. 129.
Khasia Hills, Wallich.
A woody climber ; old branches glabrous, young pubescent. Jjeaves 3-5 by 1-2 in.,
membranous, shining; petiole ^ in. Sepals short, acute. Petals I3 in., flattened,
tomentose ; inner similar, rather smaller. — Only known from Wallich's specimen in
Herb. Linn. Soc.
9. A. burxnanlcus, Alph. DC. Mem. 36 ; leaves oblong obtusely caudate-
acuminate softly pubescent beneath, peduncles woody usually 1-flowered
tomentose, limb of petals subulate 3-quetrous, carpels glabrate. Wall. Cat.
6428 \ U.f.<k T. Fl. Ind. 129. Ropalopetalum uniflorum, Griff. Notid. iv.
717.
AvA, Wallich; Tenasserim, Griffith.
A large woody climber; branches slender, young tomentose. Leaves 3-7 by 1-24 i^-i
membrtinous, glabrous above, except the midrib, nerves subhirsute beneath. Flowers
about 4 in. long ; peduncles obliquely leaf-opposed, old woody and hooked. Petals grey-
pubescent. Carpels f in. obovate-oblong.
10. A. suaveolens, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 62, t. 30, 31 D ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate acuminate shining above glabrous on both surfaces or
sparsely hairy on the midrib beneath, peduncles woody recurved many-
flowered, flowers fascicled bracteolate, limb of petals cylindric or sub-
clavate, carpels sessile smooth. Wall. Cat. 6416; H.f. dt T. FL Ind. 129.
Unona suaveolens, Blume Bijd. 17.
From SiLHET to Malacca. — Distrib. Eastwards to the Philippines.
A large woody climber ; branches dark, striate, young silky. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1 1 in.,
base acute, pale beneath ; petiole \ in. Flowers about 4 in. long, yellowish, odorous ;
bracts subulate, deciduous. Petals grey-pubescent. Carpels small, oblong.
66 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Drepananthus.
6. D&EFANAMTKUS, Maingay mss.
Trees. Leaves large, pubescent beneath. Racemes short, fascicled on
woody truncal tubercles. ISepals 3, nearly free. Petals 6, valvate, 2-seriate,
subequal ; bases concave, connivent ; limb erect or spreading, broad or
narrow. Stamens many, cuneate, truncate ; anthers linear, cells lateral ;
connective not produced. Ovaries 4-12; stigma subsessile ; ovules 4 or
more, 2-seriate. Car2^els globose, several-seeded.
1. I>. pruniferus, Maingay mss.'; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate
rusty-pubescent beneath, sepals nearly equalling the petals, limb and base
of petals nearly equal, both broad obtuse.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ; branches stout, woody, pubescent. Leaves 8-12 by 4-5 in., base obliquely
rounded or cordate, very coriiceous, opaque above, veins many, strong; petiole 4 i^'»
very stout. Flowers 1 in. diam., riistv tomentose peduncles 4-1 in-i stout, scarred,
pedicels f in., stout; bract oblong, median. 8e2)ah | in., broad-ovate, acute. Petals
constricted in the middle. Ovaries 8-12, silky; ovules many. Carpels 1^ in. diam.,
sessile, pruinose. Seeds horizontal.
2. 2>. ramulifloruB, Maingay mss.; leaves oblong obtuse pubescent
beneath, sepals much shorter than the petals, limb of petals slender linear
much longer than their broad base.
Malacca, Maingay.
A lofty tree. Leaves as in 0. prunifervs, but tip more obtuse, base less cordate.
Flowers ^ in. long; peduncles densely crowded, very short; pedicels y^ in., equalling
the broad ovate acute sepals, both rusty pubescent. Petals with a pale silky bahC, and
incurved grey terete obtuse limb, grooved on the inner face. Ovaries 6-10, pilose,
4-6-ovuIed. (^arpels (ripe ?) \ in., sessile, obtuse, densely eilky-tomentose ; wuUm
thick.
7. CANANGA, Eumph.
Tall trees. Leaves large. Flowers large, yellow, solitary or fascicled on
short axillary jjeduncles. Sepals 3, ovate or triangular, valvate. Ptkds 6,
2-seriate, subecjual or inner smaller, long, flat, valvate. Stamens linear,
anther-cells approximate extrorse; connective produced into a lanceolate
acute process (truncate in 3? m/)nosj>enua). Ovaries many; style oblong
(or 01) \ stigmas subcapitate;^ ovules numerous, 2-seriate. Uijte carpels
many, berried, stalked or sessile. Seeds many, testa crustaceous, pitted,
sending spinous processes into the albumen. — Distrib. All Malayan. —
Ileduced to Uncnia by Bail Ion (Hist. PI. i. 209), but besides the marked
characters of flowers and stamens, ovules and seeds, the habit is very dif-
ferent. Baillon also retains the name of Cananga for the American plants
erroneously referred by Aublet to liumph's (Jananga.
1. C. odorata, //./. <i; T. Fl. Ind. 130 ; leaves ovate-oblong finely acu-
minate puberulous beneath, petals 3 in. subequal narrow-linear, carpels
glabrous long-stalked. Uvaria odorata, Lamk III. t. 495, f. 1 ; lioxb. Fl. Ind.
ii. 661; Wall. Cat. 6457; W. & A. Prodr. S ; Blame Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 9;
Griff. Notid. iv. 712. U. farcta. Wall. Cat. 6iti(). U. axillaris, RoxIj. Fl. Ind.
ii. 667. Unona odorata and U. leptopetala, I) anal Anon. 108 and 114 ; DC.
Prodr. i. 90 and 91 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. t. 88.
AvA and Tenasserim, Wallich. — Distrib. Java, Philippines. Cultivated throughout
India and the tropics.
IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 57
A tall tree ; trunk straight ; bark smooth, ashy ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by
2-3 in., most puberulous on tbe veins beneath, base rouniied, margins waved ; petiole
4 in. Flowers 3 in. long, usually 3-nate, drooping, yellow, odorous ; peduncles solitary
or several from old scars; pedicels 1 in., recurved, hoarj,with a few basal and a median
scaly bract. Petals ^ in., base broad, silky when young. Carpels about 12, 4-| in.,
ovoid or obovoid, black, 6-12-seeded.
2. C. virgrata, H. f, dh T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate,
petiole and nerves beneath pubescent, inner petals much, smaller than the
outer, carpels sessile densely tomentose. Qnona virgata, Bl. Bijd. 14; Miguel
Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 42. Uvaria virgata, Bl. Fl. Jav. Anon. 43, t. 19 and
25 B.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java.
A large tree ; branches rather slender, pale, ultimate puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by
2-3^ in., base subacute, thin, pale, membranous, above hardly shining, midrib puberulous
and nerves faint, below coneolorous, midrib arching, nerves distinct ; petiole |-^ in.,
pubescent. Flowers |-l in. diam., greenish-brown, 3-nate, axillary, tomentose. Sepals
\ in., ovate -lanceolate, acute. Petals subulate-lanceolate from a broad base ; inner flat
above, concave below with glabrous red ridges. Connective' o^ oui^r stamens truncate,
of inner with a long recurved beak. Ovaries 4-6, hirsute ; ovules many, 2-seriate ;
stigma sessile. Torus conic, truncate, hairy. Carpels 2-3 in., ovoid-oblong, top rounded,
walls very thick ; base contracted. Seeds many, horizontal, 2-seriate.
3. % C. monosperma, Hook.f. dh T. ; branchlets and leaves quite gla-
brous, leaves elliptic obtuse acute or obtusely acuminate, nerves many
slender nearly horizontal, petals pubescent, outer broad oblong, inner oblong-
lanceolate, carpels small glabrous mammillate short-stalked 1 -seeded.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ; branches slender, pale ; branchlets and buds glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by
I5-24 in., thin, coriaceous, base subacute, coneolorous, petiole j in. Flowers axil'ary,
f in. diara., solitary, cernuons ; peduncle \-^ in., glabrous, curved, bract basal. Sep'ils
broad-ovate, very small. Petals hoary, obtuse, inner as long but much narrower than
the outer. J. wi^er.* truncate. Jbrw* convex, hairy. Owaries very many, silky ; style 0;
ovules several, sub-2-seriate. Carpels ^ in., very obliquely globose, or broader than
long ; walls thin, stout. Seed a little compressed, shining, pitted.
a CVATXZOSTEl^IBIA, Griffith.
A ijhrub. ? Flowers subglobose in much-branched axillary pendulous cymes
from the old wood. Sepals 3, connate, hirsute. Petals 6, 2-seriate, short,
base fleshy, inner rather smaller, all valvate at the base, tips imbricate.
Torii^ flat, margin convex. Stamens many, linear ; anthers subintrorse, pro-
cess of connective oblique incurved. Ovaries many ; style cylindric, gla-
brous, notched; ovules many, 2-seriate. Bipe carpels turgid, many-
seeded.
1. C. viridiflorum, Grif. Notul. iv. 707 ; Ic. iv. t. 650 ; leaves obovate-
oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate or apiculate glabrous.
Eastern Peninsula, Griffith; Penang, Maingay; North Andaman, Kurz.
Wood remarkable (Griffith Notul. I.e.), aromatic, pith small, wood cruciately
4-lobed. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3 in., base rounded or subacute, petiole ^^ in. Flowers
^ in. diam.; cymes brown-tomentuse; bract subraedian, oblong. Sepals broader than
long. Petals acute, base contracted, of inner most so, tomentose, granular. Ovaries
densely tomentose. Carpels 1-1 4 in., oblong, smooth, glabrous; stalk as long, stout. —
KuFis's specimens have leaves only, but these and the wood agree with Griffith's.
58 TV. ANONACE^. (Tlook. f. & Thorns.) [ Unana,
9. UNONA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing. Flowers often solitary, axillary
terminal or leaf-opposed. Sejmls 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate or open
fn aestivation, 2-seriate ; 3 inner sometimes absent. Torits Hat or slightly
concave. Stamens cuneate ; anther-cells linear, extrorse, top of connective
subglobose or truncate. Ovaries numerous ; style ovoid or oblong, recurved,
grooved ; ovules 2-8, l-seriate (rarely sub-2-seriate). Ripe carpels many,
usually elongate and constricted between the seeds. Seeds few or many. —
DiSTRiB. Tropical Asia and Africa ; species about 25.
Sect. I. Desmos, H.f. d; T. Petals 6.
* Flowers axillary.
1. U. elegrans, Thwaites Enum. 398 ; erect, leaves narrow oblong-lanceo-
late long-acuminate glabrous, glaucous beneaUh, petals glabrous (when
mature), carpels deeply constricted between the seeds. Beddonie Ic. PI.
hid. Or. t. 50.
Forests of Hinidoon, Pattoo, Ceyi.on, Thtoaites.
A much branched shrub or tree; branches nignse, slender; young golden Rilky.
Leaves 3-54 I'J 4~H '"• > petiole \ in. Peduncle \-^ in , 8len<ler; bracts 1-2, minute.
Sepals ^ in., ovate, acute, glabrous. Outer petals l]-lj in., oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, pubescent when very young only ; inner narrower, shorter.
2. IT. zeylanioa, //./. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 132 ; erect, leaves narrowly oblong-
lanceolate acute or obtusely taper-pointed coriaceous glabrous, petals
glabrous, carpels constricted between the seeds. Thwaites Enum. 9 ;
Peddome Ic. PL hid. Or. t. 74.
Central province of Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft., Walker, &c.
A small glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft., bark grey, rutrged ; young buds pubescent. Leaves
5-8 by 1^-2 in., base acute; petiole ^ in. Flowers yellow-gnen, base red inside;
peduncles 1-3, h in., bracts minute, deci<luous, basal. tSepals small, oblong-lanceolate,
puberulous. Pctalt 14 by J in., coriaceous, lanceolate, inner shorter and narrower.
Carpels stalked; joints 1-4, ovoid.
3. U. Dunalil, Wall. Cat. 6425 ; climbing, leaves oblong-lanceolate
acuminate glabrous shining above glaucous beneath, petals glabrous,
carpels constricted between the seeds. II. /. d' T. Fl. hid. 131 {excl. t/ie
Concan jdant).
Forests of Chittaoono at Sitakund, H.f.d; T.; Penano, Wallich.
A large glabrous climber, bark spotted white. Leaves 3-4^ by ^2 in,, with scattered
hairs on the midrib beneath, base rounded cordate or acute ; petiole ^in. Flowers pale
yellow ; peduncle 2-flowered, pubescent ; bracts 2-3, basal, scaly. Sfpals ovale, acute.
Petals li in., lanceolate ; iniier shorter, narrower. Ovules 4-6. Carpels of 1-3 ovoid
joints. — The Concan specimens referred here in Fl. Ind. are referable to U. discolor
var. kevigata, having leaf-opposed peduncles.
4. IT. pannosa, halz. in Hook. Few Joiim. Bot. iii. 207 ; erect, leaves
ovate-lanceolate glabrous above pubescent beneath, petals tomentose,
carpels ovoid not constricted between the seeds. //. /. <Sc T. Fl. hid. 135 ;
Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 52, Uvaria mollis, Wall. Cat. 6475.
Forests of Concan, Dalzell ; and Tkavancor, Wight, &c.
A tree; young parts puberulous. Leaves 2^-4 by f-14 in., thin, pellucid-dotted,
base rounded or acute. Flowers brown-tomentose ; peduncles very short; bracts 1 or
more, scaly. Sepals ovate, acute. PetaU 1^2 in., lanceolate, inner narrower and
shorter. Ovules 2-4. Carpels | in., subsessile, obtuse at both ends, pubescent. Seed$
1-3, large, shining.
Unona.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 69
** Flowers solitary/, extra-axillary^ terminal^ or leaf -opposed.
5. U. dumosa, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 670; climbing, leaves oblong or
obovate obtuse or acute glabrous above toraentose beneath, peduncle
1-flowered, sepals cordate, petals large obovate-spathulate, carpels con-
stricted between the seeds. Wall. Cat. 6429 ; //. / (^ T. Fl. Ind. 131.
Forests of Silhet, Roxburgh, &c. ; Malacca, Maingay.
A woody climber ; branchlcts brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2J in-, brown or
yellow beneath, thin, parallel -nerved, base, rounded or cordate ; petiole | in. Flowers
large, pendulous, yellow-green; peduncles 1-1 4 in., terminal or leaf-opposed, slender,
tomentose ; bract submedian, small, ovate, tonientose. Sepals 4 in- broad, acute,
nerved. Petals 3 by 1-1 4 in., broad-spathulate, nerved, inner rather smaller. Carpels
(according to Koxburgh) of 2-3 1-seeded joints.
6. IT. Desxnos, Dunal Anon. 112; shrubby, leaves oblong acute or
acuminate, glabrous above finely pubescent beneath, peduncle 1-flowered
slender, sepals ovate acuminate, petals 1 in. broad ovate-lanceolate, carpels
constricted between the seeds. H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 134; U. cochin-
chinensis, DC. Prodr. i. 91. U. pedunculosa, Alph. DC. Mem. 28; Wall.
Cat. 6422. U. fulva. Wall. Cat. 6427.
From Assam to Singapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Cochin-China.
A spreading shrub; branches slender, white-dotted, young golden-silky. Leaves
3-8 by 14-3 in., thickly coriaceous, midrib above slightly hairy, base rounded; petiole
I in., pubescent. Flowers large, pale yellow, odorous, pendulous ; peduncle 2-8 in.,
usually 44 ^^- ^bove the axil; bracts submedian, linear-oblong, deciduous. Petals coria-
ceous, appressed, pubescent, nerved, outer 2^ by 1 in., inner shorter and narrower.
Ovules 4-6. Carpels stalked ; joints 1-6, glabrous, subglobose.
7. U. discolor, Vahl Symh. ii. 63, t. 36 ; shrubby, leaves oblong or
oblong-lanceolate acute glabrous above sometimes pubescent beneath, pe-
duncle 1-flowered slender, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals \ in. broad lanceo-
late from a broad base, carpels moniliform. DC. Prodr. i. 90; Wall. Cat.
6420 (partly) ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 669 ; W.d; A. Prodr. ^;H.f.&T. Fl. Ind.
133; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 51. U. cordifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 602?
U. Dunalii, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 131 (the Concan plant); Dalz. 4c Gibs, Fl.
£(jmb. 3 {not of Wallich).
Tropical forests from Sikkim, Assam, and Silhet, to Arracan and Malacca,
Orissa, and Concan. — Distrib. Malayan Archipelago (all the forms).
A spreading or sarmentose shrub; branches slender, leafy ; young pubescent, rough
with white tubercles. Leaves 2-8 by 1-24 ^n., shining above, glaucous beneath, base
jounded or subcordate ; petiole J in. Flowers yellow, odorous ; peduncles 1-2 in., leaf-
"bpposed or nearly so ; bract submedian, oblong or lanceolate, deciduous. Petals 2 in.
or more, silky pubescent or glabrate. Ovules 5-6. Carpels stalked, joints 1-6, fleshy.
Vae. 1. puhiflora; leaves 5-7 in., oblong acute base often cordate, flowers silky.
Var. 2. Icevigata; leaves 3-4 in., oblong or lanceolate acute base rounded, flowers
almost glabrous. — U. chinensis, DO Prodr. i. 90. U. undulata. Wall. PL As. Bar. iii.
t. 265. — Perhaps cultivated only in India, common in the Archipelago and China.
Var. 3. puhescens ; leaves as in a, but densely pubescent beneath.
Var. 4. latifoUa; leaves 3-5 by 2-24 in., broad-oval acute, flowers silky.
8. TT. Ziawll, Il.f. <fh T. Fl. Ind. 132 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute or
acuminate thin glabrous above pale and downy beneath, peduncle 1-
flowered slender, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals not \ in. broad narrow
from a broad base, carpels moniliform. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 73.
Malabar, WigJd; Concan, Law.
A woody climber ? ; branches slender, young softly pubescent. Leaves 2-44 ^7
f-1^ in., puberulous above when young only, base rounded or slightly cordate ; petiole
\ in., pubesceQt. Flowers solitary ; peduncle 1 in. leaf -opposed or nearly so, bract
60 IV. ANONACE-s:. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Uiiona.
submedian, oblong, minute. Sejiols pubescent outside. Petals 2-3 in., very long and
narrow, base broad orbicular, appressed-pubescent, inner a little longer. Ovules 2-3.
Carpels short-stalked, joints 1-3, ovoid.
9. U. latifolla, II. f. & T. ; arboreous, leaves broad-oval or orbicular
obtuse or mucronate glabrous above softly grey-torn entose beneath, pe-
duncle very short, sepals connate at the base ovate acute, petals subequal
oblong acute contracted at the base.
Hill forests of the Saluen river, Martaban, BrandU.
A large tree ; branchlets grey-tomentose. Leaves 2-4 in., base truncate or subcor-
date ; nerves many, oblique, parallel ; petiole ^-\ in. Flowers appressed-silky, densely
fascicled ; peduncle with nsually a small subraedian oblong nerved deciduous bract.
ISepaU ^ in., striated. Petals \\ in. OvuUs 3-4. PVuit unknown.
10. IT. vlridlflora, Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. 34, t. 158 ; climbing, leaves
ovate-lanceolate acuminate appressed pubescent beneath, peduncle slender
with a cordate bract, sepals ovate free, petals narrow lanceolate.
Anamallay forests in Tuavancor, Beddome.
A gigantic climber; branchlets golden-pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 1^ in., mem-
branous, base rounded or cordate, above at length glabrous, whitish beneatl) ; petiole
\-^ in. Pedvnde axillary or supra-axillary, 1-2 in. ; bract pubescent, median, deci-
duous. Flowers 2^-3 in. long, bright green. SepaU f in., membranous, nerved.
Outer petals 2^-3 by 4-| in., inner rather shorter and narrower, all membranous,
nerved, reticulate, silky. — ^Described from Beddome I.e.
*** Flowers solitary at the base of a leafy shoot.
11. U. praeoox, //./. <k T.Fl. Ind. 136; arboreous, leaves broad lanceo-
late acuminate, flowers pendulous from a slender naked peduncle, sepals
linear-oblong acute, petals linear glabrous.
Miku hills in Upper Assam, Simons.
A tree ; branches slender. Leaves (very young and thin) 2-3 in., probably much
larger when mature. Flowers from the axils of fallen leaves ; peduncle 1 in. Sepah
I in. long. Petals 2\-'6 by ^ in. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2-3. — A remarkable species
of which we have seen but one specimen.
**** Flowers fascicled on woody abbreviated truncal shoots or tubercles.
12. U. stenopetala, //. /. (k T. Fl. Ind. 136; leaves oblong-lanceolate
broadest above the middle acute or acuminate glabrous above pale beneath,
sepals subconnate below narrow-linear, petals subequal very narrow linear.
MouT.MEiN and Singapore, Lohh.
A tree; young branches rather pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-1 1 in., base oblique,
pubescent along the midrib beneath ; petiole ^^ in. Peduncles ^-^ in., with 1-2 small
basal scaly bracts. Sepals pubescent. Petals 2-3 by 4 i») puberiilous. Ovaries
4-7, villous ; ovules about 5. — The J avan habitat cited in Flora Indica is erroneous,
the species having been collected at Sincapore.
13. U. cauliflora, //. f <Sc T. Fl. Ind. 137 ; leaves lanceolate or linear-
oblong acute or long acuminate glabrous and shining above brown-pubescent
beneath, sepals ovate-lanceolate tomentuse, petals narrow linear.
Singapore, Lohh.
A tree? ; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 5-6 by li-lf, base rounded ; petiole y^ in.
and midrib tomentose. Pec?M»c/es J in., tomentose. Sepals ^m. Petals 2^ hy ^-%m.,
dull red, inner rather narrower. Ovules 3 or 4.
14. U. pycnantha, II. f. & T.; branchlets softly pubescent, leaves
elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous above,
midrib puberulous beneath, sepals ovate, petals \ in. subequal linear obtuse,
bases ot inner concave.
Unona.] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 61
Malacca, Maingay.
Branchlets ratliei- stout, pubescence pale yellow-brnwn. Leaves 6-9 by 2 ^-3 J in.,
firm, coriaceous-, pale-brown on both surfaces, base obtuse or rounded, beneath pale with
prominent lax arching veins ; petiole ^ in., pubescent. Flowers 4-f in. diam., tubercles
1-1 4 in. diam. ; peduncles \ in., and sepals brown pubescent ; bracts 0. /Sepals ^ in.,
acute. Fttah 4-| iu., hoary silky outside, glabrate inside, base not dilated, flat ; inner
rather narrower, base concave. Torus columnar, flat-topped, glabrous. Ovules 2, super-
15. IT. crinita, H.f. (Ss T. ; branches densely tomentose, leaves oblong
elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong acuminate glabrous, midrib and
nerves pubescent beneath, sepals ovate lanceolate, petals 6 in. subequal
narrow strap-shaped, carpels globose velvety.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches shndtr; pubescence long, soft, spreading, rufous. Leaves 4-9 by 1^-2^
in., membranous, pale, base 2-lobed, nerves very indistinct, puberulous chiefly on the pro
minunt nerves beneath ; petiole ySj- in , tomentose. Flowers in dense masses, crinite
from the numerous pendulous petals ; p-duncles ^-^ in., and sepals rusty tomentose ;
tubercle 1-2 in. diam. ; bract 0, or linear and infra-median. Sepals § in., spreading,
subulate from a broad ovate base. Petals | in. broad at the dilated base, flat and again
dilated and as broad about the middle, finely pubescent, 1 -nerved, acuminate; inner a
little shcirter and narrower. Tort/s clumnar, truncate. Ovaries strigoae ; ovules 3-5,
l-seriate ; stigma punctifonn. Carpels § in. diam., rufous; stalk very short.
16. U. desmantha, ff. f. <^ T. ; branchlets softly pubescent, leaves
ellii)tic-oblong or -lanceolate or oblanceolate acutely or obtusely acuminate
puberulous beneath, sepals ovaie, petals 1-1^ in. subequal linear obtuse,
carpels globose.
Malacca, Maingay.
A small tree ; pubescence soft, pale yellow-brown. Leaves 3-7 by lJ-2 in., base
subacute, coiiaceous, opaque above, nerves obscure, beneath paler, nerves distinct
oblique; petiole ^ in, tomentose. Flowers 2^ in. diam., pale red, densely crowded;
tubercles 1-2 in. diam. ; peduncles f in., puberulous, bract 0. Sepals yV 'n., acute.
Pttals sparsely hoary, tapering to the tip, base not dilated ; inner rather narrower.
Stamevs, torus and ovaries nearly as in (J . pycnantha, but ovules 3-5, superposed.
Carpels \ in. diam., dark, glabrous ; stalk 1-1^ in.
Sect. II. Dasyxnaschalon. Petals 3 ; inner series wanting.
17. U. longriflora, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 668 ; shrubby, leaves lanceolate or
linear-oblong acute or acuminate glabrous glaucous beneath, petiole slender,
peduncles axillary 1-flowered, sepals small, petals 6 in. long cohering by
their margins. Wall. Cat. 6419 ; H.f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 134.
Forests of Assam, the Khasia hills below 3000 ft., and Chittagono.
A slender sparin^dy branched glabrous shrub or tree ; buds golden-silky. Leaves
6-15 by 2-4 in , pellucid dotted, base rounded or acute ; petiole ^-f in. Flowers elon-
gated, silky when young, soon glabrous; peduncles l-IO in.; bracts subbasal, linear,
minute, pubescent. Sepals rounded, mucronate. Petals 3, narrow-linear, ^ in. broad
at base, taper-pointed. Ovules 2-4. Carpels stalked, moniliform ; joints 1-4, ovoid or
oblong.
18. U. Dasymaschala, Plume Fl. Jav. Anon. 65, t. 27; shrubby,
leaves oblong acute or acuminate rarely obtuse glabrous above glaucous
beneath, petiole very short, peduncle axillary l-flow€red, sepals small silky,
petals 2-3 by \ in. linear from a broad base. — Alph. DC. Mem. Anon, 28;
Wall. Cat. 6421 \H.f.^ T. Fl. Ind. 135.
From AvA to Sincapore, Wallich^ &c. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.
An erect or sarmentose shrub ; bark dark ; branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves
6*3 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Unona,
5-9 by 2-4 in., usually broadest above the middle, red-brown beneath ; petiole ^^ in.
7^/oi«er« pendulous; peduncles 1-2 in., slender, top subclavate ; bracts 1 or more, mi-
nute, basal. FetaU appressed-pubescent, young silky, keeled internally. Ovules 6-7.
Carpels moniliform, joints oblonfr.
V^VK. 1. Blumei; branches glabrous, leaves pale below glabrous or nearly so. — U.
Alphonsii, Wall. Cat. 6426.
Var. 2. Ji'uUichii; branches brown-tomentose, leaves glaucous and purple-tinged
helow.— Wall. Cat. 6241.
10. POZ.VAZ.TKZA, Blume.
Trees or shrubs; habit of Unona. Sepals 3, valvate or subimbricate.
Petals 6, 2-seriate, ovate or elongated, flat or the inner vaulted. Torus con-
vex. Stamens cuneate ; anther-cells extrorse, remote. Ovaries indefinite ;
style usually oblong ; ovules 1-2, basal and erect, or subbasal and ascending.
Bipe carpels 1-seeded, berried. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and (1 sp.) Aus-
tralia ; species about 3<). — Reduced to Unona by Bailloa (Hist, des Plantes,
212) probably with good reason.
Sect. I. Monoon, Miqud. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat. Ovuk
solitary, basal, erect.
a Flowers axillary or in the old leaf-axils or on woody tubercles.
* Petals linear.
1. P. long'lfolia, Benth. <(: II. /. Gen. PI. i. 25 ; branches glabrous,
leaves narrow lanceolate glabrous taper-pointed nndulate, floweVs sub-
umbelled, petals 4-1 in. long. Guatteria lon;;ifolia, Wall. Cat. (]442; W.d'A.
Prodr. 10; WiglU Ic. t. 1 ; U.f. <i' T. Fl. Ind. 139; Thwaites Fnum. 10.
Uvaria longifolia, Lam. ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 664.
Tanjohe, Wight ; drier parts of Ceylon. — Cultivated throughout the hotter parts of
India.
A lofty tree; branches slender. Leaves 5-8 by 1-2 in., membranous, base acute
rarely roimded, shining above, pellucid-doited ; petiole \-^ in. Ilowers numerf)U8, dense,
yellow-green ; peduncles ^ ui- or less, hoary ; pedicels 1-2 in., densely racemose, slender ;
bracts minute, linear, basal Petals narrow-linear. Carpels | in., ovoid, obtuse at both
ends; stalk 4 in., stout, glabrous.
2. P. bifaria, Benth. d' H. f. I.e.; young branches softly pubescent,
leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous above downy beneath, flowers solitary.
Guatteria bifaria, A. DC. Mem. 41 ; Wall. Cat. 6447 ; //./. & T. Fl. Ind. 139.
Pegu, Wallich.
A tree. Leaves 5 by 1^ in., base acute, pellucid-dotted ; petiole ^ in. Petals linear-
lanceolate. Carpels ovoid, long-stalked. — Wallich's solitary specimen is in Herb. Linn.
Soc. and is flowerless. A. I)e Candolle describes it as differing from P. cerasoides only
in the linear petals. We suspect it to be a mixture of the flower of P. siiniarum with
the foliage of P. cerasoides.
3. P. coflfeoldes, Benth. d: II. f. I.e. ; branches glabrous, leaves lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed undulate glabrous, flowers solitary,
petals 1-1 ^ in. Beddc/me Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 53. Guatteria coffeoides,
Thwaites Fnum. 10; H.f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 141.
Forests of the VVvnaad, Bcddome ; and Ceyi.on, Thwaites.
A tree; branches spreading. Leaves 4-7 by 1-24 ^n-> niembranous, pellucid-dotted ;
petiole I in. i'^/y^^vrsgreen^^h-yellow, rarely on woody tubercles of the trunk ; jn-duncles
4-1 4 i"-, downy, articulate at the base. /Sepals suborbicular. Petals broadly linear-
Polyalthia.] IV. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 63
lanceolate, glabrous. Carpels nearly 1 in., ovoid, glabrous, dark purple ; stalk tbeir
own length.
4. P. fragrans,
ovate-oblong or
cles few- or raany-
Guatteria fragrans, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 206 ; H.f.<k T. Fl
hid. 142.
Forests of Malabar, Wight ; South Concan, Law, &c.
A tree. Leaves 4-9 by 2-5 in. ^membranous, lateral nerves many oblique close-set
and parallel ; petiole ^-| in. Flowers fragrant ; peduncles in the axils of fallen leaves
or on woody ramal tubercles, cymose, usually many-flowered, tomentose ; pedicels 1 in.
slender ; bract orbicular, infra-median. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals linear, hoary.
Carpels 1^ in., broad-ovoid, hoary, walls thin brittle; stalk as long.— There are in Hb.
Wight, detached petals apparently of this species upwards of 2 in. long.
5. P. simiarum, Benth. dh H.f.l.c; branches glabrous, leaves ovate-
oblong or oblong, lanceolate quite glabrous, flowers fascicled, inner petals
1-liin. Guatteria simiarum, Ham.; Wall. Cat. 6440 \ H.f. <Sc T. Fl. Ind.
142. G. fasciculata. Wall. mss. Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 16.
Forests of Assam, Silhet, Pegu, and Martaban, Hamilton, Wallich, &c.
A tree ; buds puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-5 in., membranous ; lateral nerves close,
parallel ; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers in the old axils or on woody tubercles ; peduncles
1 in., sleniler, hoary, naked above ; bracts 1-2, scaly, basal. Sepals very short, orbi-
cular. Petals linear, puberulous, glabrous within, outer \ shorter than the inner.
Carpels 1| in., ovoid, fleshy, glabrous, orange ; stalk as long.
6. P. hypoleuca, H.f. dh T. ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate obtusely acuminate, shining above white beneath, flowers S(jlitary
or fascicled, sepals obsolete, petals subequal \ in. narrowly linear-oblong
obtuse.
Singapore, Maingny. — Distrib. Borneo ?
^ Branches pale, youngest puberulous. Leaves 2^-6 by 1-1 f in., base acute, thick,
rigid, pale and nerveless above, midrib beneath puberulous, nerves many obscure sub-
horizontal ; petiole tV~6' "i- Floivers small, axillary, suberect ; peduncle ^^ in., stout;
bi-acts 2, basal, cucullate. Sepals forming an inconspicuous disk. Petals hoary on
both surfaces, base concave, nut dilated. Torus conical. Ovaries about 6, pubescent.
Carpels | in., elliptic- oblong, top rounded, glabrous, shining, walls thiii ; stalk short,
slender. Seed grooved and pitted. Other (imperfect?) cari)els are mammillate with
longer thicker stalks and contain a stony pitted nucleus, connected with the walls by
stout fibres. Very near U. hypoglauca, Miq., of Sumatra, but carpels elliptic-oblong
and twice as long.
** Petals ovate or ovate-lanceolate or elliptic.
7. P. acuminata, Thwaites Eniim. 399 ; young branches brown-tomen-
tose, leaves elliptic- or obovate-oblong abruptly taper-pointed glabrous
above midrib and veins pubescent beneath, flowers 1-3 on woody tubercles,
petals 2 by 1 in., thick. Beddome Lc. PI. Ind. Or. t. 57.
Near Eatnapcora in Ceylon, Thwaites.
A tree; bark silver-grey. Leaves 6-12 by 2J-3 in., shining above, pale beneath;
nerves strong, parallel; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., greeni.sh-yellow;
pedicels 1 in., stout ; bract submedian, densely tomentose. Petals 2 by I in., broad-
lanceolate, thickly coriaceous, pubescent, stiongly nerved when dry. Carpels often as
large as a cherry ; broad-ovoid, tomentose ; stalk as long.
8. P. cerasoides, Benth. dh H. f. I.e. ; young branches tomentose,
leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above softly pu-
64 IV. ANOXACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Polyalthia.
bescent beneath, peduncles on axillary tubercles 1-3-flowered, petals \ in.
Uvaria cerasoides, Boxh. Coi-om. Ft. i. t. 33 ; Fl. bid. ii. 666. Guatteria
cerasoides, Dun. Mem. Anon. 127 ; DC. Prodr. i. 93 ; Wall. Cat. 6436 ; //. f.
iSc T. Fl. Ind. 139 ; Dalz. <fc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 3.
Dry forests on Eastern exposures, from Behar to Travancor, Ilamilton, WlgJit, &c.
A tree ; bark light-grey ; branches glabrous with age. Leaves 3-8 by 1-2 in., meni-
branoHs, base acute or rounded, dark green above. Peduncles ^^ in., woody ; pedicels
4-1 in., slender, with a few basal imbncating scales, and soin'tinies 2-3 oblong or ovate
bracts \-l in. long. Petah ovate-ollong, diily green, thickly coriaceous. Cat-pels size
of a small cherry, dark-red ; stalk 1 in.
9. P. ILorinti, Benth. d' U.f. he; young branches glabrous or sub-
pilose, leaves variable ovate to elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate coriaceous
glabrous, flowers axillary solitary, inner petals ^in. oval. Guatteria Korinti,
Jhinal; DC. Prodr. I 94 ; \V. l' A. Proth. 10 ; WigU Ic. t. 398 \ H.f.dc T,
Fl. Did. 141. G. acutiflora, Wqill. Cat. 6438 excl D.
Western Peninsula, from Vizagapatam, Cleyhom, Bouthwards; warmer parts of
Ceylon, very common.
A spreading shrub; bark grey. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., firmly coriaceous, pellucid-
dotted, shining above, glabrous or sparsely pilose on the midrib beneath, strongly reti-
culate ; petiole J in. Peduncles 1-2 in., .strigose, bract snbmedian. Petals thickly
coriaceous, inner rather the longest. Carpels \ in., subglobose.
10. P. Jenkingii, Benth. <fh H.f. I.e. ; young shoots brown-tomentose,
leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous, flowers axillary solitary rarely geminate,
outer petals If by \ in. Guatteria Jenkinsii, II. f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 141.
Forests of Assam ^ Silhet; Eastern Peninbula; Andamans, Kurz. — Distrib.
Sumatra.
A tree ; branches spreading, glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by 14-24 in., firm, shining above,
pale beneath, base rounded acute or oblique; petiole ^ in. Flowers large, spreading:
pedicels 4-1 in, erect, bracts 2-3, scaly, basal, and a mosian and an apical one which
are oval and deciduous. Ptialx broad- lanceolate, narrowed to a flaw, thinly coriaceous,
inner Bhorter and narrower. Carpels \ in., oblong, glabrous ; stalk as long. — Nearly
allied to Monoon canaiujioides, Miq.
11. P. nitida, Beidh. d' II. f. I.e. ; young branches puberulous, leaves
oblong or lanceolate glabrous obtuse or acute, bracts 2-Jinii)lexicaul, sepals
connate to the middle, petals 1 in. long. Guatteria nitidi, A. DC. Mem. 41 ;
Wall. Cat. 6439 ; //./. d' T. Fl. Ind. 143.
Tavoy, WaUich; Sincapohe, Lobb.
A tree ; bark grey, rugged, dotted with white lenticels. Leaves 8-12 by 3-5 in.,
thinly coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, nerves strong, oblique ; petiole ^-4 in.
Flowers axillary; pedict^l 1 in., bracts 1-2, oval, submedian. Sepals 4 ia., orbicular,
pubescent. Pttals oval, thickly coriaceou.-*, tonientose, inner a little shorter. Carpels
large, subglobose, stalked. — Flotctr described from the Sincapore specimen, the fruit
from Tavoy an.
12. P. mag'noliaBflora, Maingay ms^. ; branchlets rtisty-tomentose,
leaves large narrow obovate-oblong obtuse or acuminate glabrous except
the midrib above membranous, base cordate, bracts ^-amplexicaul, sepaJs
connate to the middle, outer petals elliptic.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree; branches stout. Leaves 10-13 by 3-5 in., opaque above, beneath paler,
nerves strong many arched; petiole ^ in., stout. Flowers large, greenish-white;
peduncle short stout curved ; bracts broad-ovate acnte. Sepals silky tonientose.
Outer petals fleshy, concave, hairy, tips imbricate; inner 2-2^ in., oblong, constricted
Polyalthia.] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 65
in the middle. Torus glabrous. Ovariefi hirsute, Carpefo (unripe) \\ in., ovoid or
oblong, gibbous, pubescent, beaked ; stalk stout. — k magnificent species, referred to a
new genus in Maingay's mss. Colour, odour, &C. of flower like a Magnolia.
p. Flowers extra-axillary on the terminal branchlets, or on small truncal
tubercles.
13. P. big-landulosa, Benth. & H.f. I.e.; young branches silky, leaves
elliptic or oblong acute or acuminate glabrous above appressed pubescent
beneath, basal margins recurved and glandular, peduncle solitary leaf-
opposerl. — Guatteria biglandulosa. Blame Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 51 ; H,f.<Sc T.
Fl. Ind. 143.
Malacca, Griffith^ &c. — Distrib. Sumatra and Malay Archipelago.
A scandent shrub. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-3 in., shining above, glaucous beneath, base
subacute ; nerves 7 on each side, strong, curved'; rather distant, parallel ; petiole 4 in.
Flowers unknown. Carpels 1 in., oblong, mucronate, dark purple, subglabrous ; stalk
a little longer. — Griffith's specimens correspond to Blume's description and to Miquel's
var. a. Carpels 1 -seeded according to Miquel.
14. P, suberosa, Benth. <jc H.f. I.e. ; young branches pubescent, leaves
oblong obtuse glabrous above puberulous beneath, peduncles 1-2 on a short
woody extra-axillary tubercle, petals ^ in. long. — Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or.
t. 56. Uvaria suberosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 34 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 567. Guatteria
suberosa, DC Prodr. I 93; Wall. Cat. 6437 ; W. dh A. Prodr. 10; H. f.
<ic T.Fl. Ind, 140.
Forests of Bengal, the Western Peninsula, Tenasserim, and Ceylon. — Distrib.
Java? Philippines (this or a closely allied species),
A small tree or shrub; bark corky, rugged, grey; young branches slender, often
spotted white. Leaves 2^-5 by 1-1 1 in., usually obtuse at both ends, or base sub-
oblique, thin, glabrous beneath in age ; petiole ^^ in. Peduncles \-l in., solitary, rarely
geminate, pubescent, bracts inframedian. Sepals small, pubescent. Petals 4 in., oval,
silky outside, rel-brown, outer shorter. Carpels pisiform, young silky, ripe glabrous ;
stalk their own length.
^ 15. P. sclerophylla, ff. f. <& T. ; glabrous, leaves oblong or ovate or
linear-oblong obtusely acuminate rigid reticulate and shining on both sur-
faces, peduncles fascicled on small truncal tubercles, sepals ovate, petals
linear-oblong obtuse inner rather smaller.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 1^-2 1 in,, base rounded or acute, nerves conspicuous and
midrib quite glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole 4 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., greenish ;
tubercles 4-1 in. diam., globose; peduncles 1-1 4 in., stout, rusty-pubescent; bracts
small median, orbicular. Sepals short obtuse. Petals 1 4 in., base shghtly concave,
puberulous on both surfaces. Torus broad, flat, border raised. Ovaries pilose, shorter
than the cyhndric style. Carpels 1-1 4 in., elliptic oblong, obtuse at both ends, walls
thin, smooth ; stalk as long, slender. Seed oblong, testa fibrous shining pale.
Sect, II. Eupolyalthia, Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat. Ovules
2, superposed, subbasal, ascending.
* Flowers extra-axillary, often leaf-opposed.
16, P. cinnamomea, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 138 ; young branches brown
tomentose, leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate glabrous above, young pubes-
cent beneath, peduncles solitary or geminate, petals f in. oblong acute.
Guatteria cinnamomea a7Ld G. multinervis, Wall. Cat. 6444 and 6445.
VOL. I. F
66 IV. ANONACE-E. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Polyaiihia,
Penang and Singapore, Wallicli.
A tree; bark grey, rugged. Leaves 6-10 bj 2-34 i"-» tapering downwards from the
middle or above it, base obtuse or subcordate ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles \-\ in., extra-
axillarj, brown tomentose ; bracts scaly, basal. Sepals small, ovate, acute. Petals
thick, silky outside. Carpels 1 in. diam., globose, short stalked, densely brown-
tomentose.
17. P. nCoonii, Thwaites Enum. 9 ; voung branches pubescent, leaves
subsessile lanceolate long acuminate glabrous above puberulous beneath,
peduncles solitary slender glabrous, petals small inner suborbicular. Bed-
dome I c. PI. hid. Or. t. 83
At Caltura and Regiara Cnrle in Ceylon, Thwaites.
A shrub, 8-10 ft. ; branches slender. Leaves 2-6 by J-2 in., tapering to the ob-
liquely rounded base, thin, midrib pubescent beneath ; petiole not y^^ in. Floicers red,
^ in. diam. ; pedicels 1-1^ in., olten leaf-opposed, nearly glabrous; bracts 3, minute,
glabrous. Sepals small, ovate, acuminate. Outer petals acute; inner larger, sub-
orbicular, obtuse. Carpels pisiform or oblong, reddish, short-stalked, 1-2-seeded.
18. P. rufescens, //. /. d: T. ; young branches densely tomentose,
leaves subsessile narrDW-oblong acute or acuminate, base obliquely cordate
glabrous except on the midrib beneath, peduncles solitary stout tomentose,
petals \ in. ovate-oblong.
Cochin in Malabar, Wight.
A tree. Leaves 3-7 by 1-1 1 in., shining above, pale below; petiole glabrous.
Flowers \-\ in. diam., brown- tomentose ; peduncles 4-1 in., often leaf-opposed, jointed
and minutely bracteati* at the base. Sipalt small, broadly ovate, acute. Petals oblong,
subacute, thick, outer twice? as big as the inuer. Ovaries densely silky.
19. P. persicaBfolia, Benth. & H. f. I.e. ; young branches pubescent;
leaves subsessile lanceolate taper-pointed glabrous above puberulous beneath,
peduncles solitary or fascicled pubescent, petals \-\ in. long. Beddom^
Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 55. Guatteria persicsufolia, U.f. d; T. Fl. Ind. 140.
Ceylon, near Galle, Champion.
A shrub. Leaves 2-4 by ^-11 in., firm, coriaceous, base slightly oblique, pale be-
neath; nerves inconspicuous; petiole hardly y, in. Peduncle vi;ry short, woody, extra-
axillary, 2-3-flowerea ; pedicels \-^ in. Sepals ovate, acute, sub.strigose. Pttals sub-
orbicular, thickly coriaceous, appressed-pubescent, inner much the. largest. Carpels
about 10, pif-iform, granulate, puberulous; stalk very short; torus small.
20. P. xnacropliylla, //. f. d; T. ; young branches tomentose, leaves
lanceolate taper-pointed rigid glabrous and shining above softly pubescent
beneath, flowers solitary subsessile. Guatteria macrophylla, Blame Bijd,
19 ; Fl. Jav. Anon. 96. G. brevipetala, Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. /Suppl. i. 381.
MouLMEiN, Falconer; Andamaks, Kvrz. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
A tree. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., thickly coriaceous, almost silvery beneath with sub-
stellate pubcKceuce; nerves distant, prominent, anhed, looping within the margin;
petiole \-^ in., tomentose. Peduncles yj in., generally 4 in. above the leaf axil; bracts
strigose. /Sepals ovate, acute, strigose. Petals ^ in., oblong, acute, strigose, glabrous
inside ; inner rather larger, very concave. Torus conical. Fruit unknown. — The two
flowers we have examined are male. Miquel describes his as bisexual; Blume does
not say which ; so this character is possibly not constant.
** Flowers axillary or in the axils of old leaves.
21. P. cauliflora, //./. cb T. Fl. Ind. 138 ; branches glabrous, leaves
lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous above, nerves and midrib beneath
downy, flowers 2-3-fascicled in tiie old axils, peduncles slender downy,
petals 1 in. linear. Uvaria cauliflora, Wall. Cat. 6476.
Polf/althia.] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 67
Singapore, WalUch.
A much branched tree; buds tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 1-1 f in., narrowed to the
subobtuse base, nerves reticulate; petiole |-J in. Peduncles 1^-2 in., filiform, downy ;
bracts basal. Sepals ovate, subacute, app-ressed pubescent. Petals of equal length ;
coarsely villous, outer rather broader. Torus cyliadric, truncate. Ovaries strigose.
Fruit unknown.
22. P. obliqua, H.f.dcT. Fl.Ind. 138; young parts puberulous, leaves
subsessile linear-oblong obtusely acuminate base obliquely cordate shining
and glabrous on both surfaces, peduncles solitary, petals \ in. oblong
obtuse.
Malacca, Griffith.
A tree ; branches twiggy, slender, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1-1 1 in., tapering to
the base, firm, coriaceous, paler beneath ; petiole J in. Flowers 4 in. diam., axillary ;
peduncles J-1 in. ; bract subraedian. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals subequal, thickly
coriaceous, silky outside. Carpels pisiform, dark brown ; stalk 4 in.
Sect. III. Trivalvaria, Miguel. Inner petals very concave or vaulted.
23. P. costata, H.f. <p T. ; young branches toraentose, leaves oblong
or oblong-lanceolate acuminate or acute rigidly coriaceous glabrous above
silvery and downy beneath, flowers solitary shortly peduncled. Uvaria
costata, Wall. Cat. 6480. Guatteria costata, H.f. & T, Fl. Ind. 143-
Martaban, Wallich.
A tree. Leaves 5-6 by 1^24 in., base acute, deep green above; nerves oblique,
nearly straight, nervules conspicuous. Peduncles ^ in., extra-axillary. Sepals ovate,
persistent in fruit, subconnate at the base. Fruit unknown. — A very imperfectly
known species.
24. P. arsentesL, H.f. (h T. ; branches glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceo-
late acute or acuminate glabrous or both surfaces silvery beneath, peduncles
1-3 on short woody tubercles. Guatteria pallida, H. f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 143
{not of Blume).
Fore.sts of Assam and Silhet, H. f. & T.
A shrub; branches spreading, young hardly puberulous. Zeave* 4-8 by 1 5 -24 in ,
base rounded or acute, thin, coriaceous ; nerves distant, arched ; petiole | in. Flowers
supra axillary, minute, polygamo-dicecious ; <J as in P. macrophylla, but smaller;
$ with many densely pubesc'-nt ovaries and a few imperfect stamens; bracts many,
minute, strigose. Carpels many, f in., oblong, granulate, glabrous; stalk ^ in. — An
apparent congener of P. ma rophfjlla, but the flowers are so young that it is hardly
useful to introduce the details given in Flora Indica,
25. P. ? aberrans, Maingay ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late taper-pointed membranous glaucous beneath nerves faint, flowers subter-
minal, petals orbicular-ovate outer largest, carpels small oblong 2-seeded.
Malacca, Maingay.
A climbing shrub; branches black, slender. Leaves 4-5 by 1|-1| in., rather
shining above, nerves spreading reticulate on both hurfaces ; petiole ^ in., slender.
Floivers 1 in. diam., erect; peduncle 1^ in., slender; bracts minute, median or infra-
median. Sepals ^ in., broad-ovate, obtuse, glabrous. Outer petals I in., pubescent on
both surfaces ; inner ovate, acute, very concave, tips imbricate in bud. Ovaries pilose ;
cell far above the base; ovules 1-2, snperposfd. Carpels ^-^ in., elliptic-oblong, cylin-
dric, smooth, purple, top rounded, walls thin. Seedi 2, superposed. — Eefened also
doubtfully to EUipcia by Maingay, from whose mss. the description of the flower ia
taken.
f2
68 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Poli/altkia.
OuATTERTA MEMBRANACEA, A. DC. Mem. Anou. 41 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 142, of
which there are no specimens in the Wallichian Horbaritim, is no doubt a Polyalthia,
differing from P. nitida apparently only in the slightly pubescent leaves.
11. ANAXAGOREA, St. Hilaire.
Trees or shrubs. Flowers small, greenish, leaf-opposed. Sepals 3, valvate,
connate at the base. Pekih 6, siibequal, 2-seriate, valvate, thin, flat. Torus
convex. Stamens indefinite ; anther-^ells extrorse or sublateral ; connective
with a terminal process. Ovarits few or many ; style variable ; ovules 2,
subbasal, collateral, ascending. lUpe car])els follicular ; stalk clavate.
Seeds 1-2, exarillate, testa shining. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and America ;
species about 6.
1. A. luzonensis, A. Gray, Boi. U. S. Expl. Exped. 27; glabrous,
leaves membranous oblong abniptlyobtusely acilminate,flowers solitary leaf-
opposed, bracts 1-2 amplexicaul. A. zeylanica, H. f. d: T.F'l. Ind, 144;
Thwaites Enum. 10 ; Beddonie Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 46.
Tropical forests of Pegu, Rangoon, the Andamans, Malacca, and Cetlok. —
DiSTKiii. Philippines.
A shrtib. Leaves 3-6 by 1.^-2 in., base acute, light green, paler benonth ; nerves
distant, oblique ; petiole \ in. Flotrers I in. diani ; {)e(luiicle ^ in. Sejiah ovate,
obtuse. PttaU ovate or oblong. Stamens all similar and fertile. Ovan'e.i 2-4, ovoid-
oblong. Carpels 1^ in., spathuhite, obtuse, obrqncly mucronate, glabrous, rather
rugose. — Allied closely to A. javanica, Blume, which has 8-10 carpels and elongated
inner stamens.
12. FOPOWIA, End).
Trees. Flowers small, extra-axillary or leaf-opposed. - Sepals 3, ovate,
valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer like the sepals, spreading ; inner
thick, concave, connivent, acute or tip usually inflexed. Sta/iien.'< indefinite
or subdotinite, short, cuneate ; anther-Cflls dor-al, remote. Carpels about
6, ov(»id ; style large, oblong or suUclavate, straight or recurved ; ovules 1-2
on the ventral suture, rarely 1 basal erect. /j?i/>e carpels berried, globose or
ovoid, stalked.— Distrib. About 8 species, Asiatic, African, and Aus-
tralian.
1. P. Seddomeana, //. /. d: T. ; leaves membranous lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate long acuminate lower ovate acute smooth above granulate
and tonientose on the veins beneath, flowers extra-axillary, outer petals
larger than the inner. P. rainosissima, Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 75 {excl.
Mountains of Travancor, Beddome.
A much branched tree ; young parts densely brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-'i by
l|-2^ in., lower 2 by 1 in., base acute, sraootli above; petiole very short. Flower-
buds ^ in. diam., globose, villous ; pednncles i\-^ in., tomeiitose ; bract median. Sepals
acute, connate below. Petals thick, glabrous inside, densely toraentose outside ; outer
very broad ovate ; inner convi;x, tip not inflexed ; claw broad, short. Stamens inde-
finite. Ovaries 4-5 ; ovules 1-2.
2. P. ramosisslma, //./ d^ T. Fl. Ind. 105 ; leaves ovate or oblong
acute glabrous above tiuientose on the midrib and veins beneath, flowers
leaf-oppose. 1, outer petals smaller than the inner. Guatteria ratuosissima,
Wall. Cat. 7294, 8U06.
Popowia.] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 69
Penang, WalUch.
'A spreading much branclied tree; bark glabrous; young parts brown-tomentose.
Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, base rounded ; petiole ^^ in., tomentose. Flowers
solitary or geminate, minute, globose ; pe iimcles vr~i ^^- > bract small, subraedian.
Sepals ovate, pilose. Outer petals smaller than the sepals, ovate; inner ovate, acute.
Stamens about 18. Carpels many, densely strigose ; ovules 1-2.
3. P. Kelferi, H.f. <& T. ; leaves narrow-oblong abruptly acutely or ob-
tusely acuminate glabrous above puberulous on the midrib beneath, flowers
extra-axillary ? outer petals smaller than the inner.
King's Island, Tena83erim, Heifer.
A small spreading tree ; brancbilets coarsely hairy. Leaves 2|-5 by 1-1^ in., base
rounded or suboblique ; petiole ^ in., subpilose. Flowers minute, globose ; peduncles
Y^-^ i^-> tomentose. Sepals and (rather larger) outer petals ovate, strigose ; inner
petals orbicular, concave, densely strigose, tip inflexed. Stamens 15. Carpels 6, densely
etrigose ; ovule solitary, subbasal. — We have examined but one bud.
4. P. pauciflora, Maingay mss. ; branchliets strigose, leaves elliptic-
lanceolate finely acuminate membranous minutely granulate midrib and
veins beneath sparsely appressed pilose, flowers extra-axillary, outer petals
much smaller than the inner, carpels pisiform
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches slender, dark-grey. Leaves 5-7 by 1^-2 in., base acute, surfaces similar
opaque ; nerves very oblique ; petiole yV ^^- Flowers \ in. diam., solitary or in pairs,
outside the leaf-axil, rusty-strigose ; peduncles ^-^ in. ; bract basal. Sepals minute,
ovate. Outer petals like the sepals, glabrous inside ; inner thrice as large, suborbicular,
concave, tip inflexed. Stamens many. Ovaries 6, gibbous, strigose ; style subclavate ;
ovule erect. Carpels pisiform, subsessile, glabrous, purple. Testa rugose.
5. P. foetlda, Maingay mss. ; branchlets tomentose, leaves elliptic-
lanceolate caudate-acuminate glabrous above tomentose beneath, flowers
axillary outer petals a little smaller than the inner, carpels very large.
Malacca, Maingay.
A largg tree ; branches pale, leaves beneath petioles inflorescence and carpels covered
with yellow-grey tomentum. Leaves 5-7 by 2-2 4 in., base acute, thin, firm with midrib
above puberulous ; nerves many, strong beneath, reaching the margin ; petiole I-5- in.,
thickened. Flowers ^ in. diam., buds globose ; peduncles 5 in. Sepals minute, obtuse.
Outer petals elliptic-ovate, obtuse, yellow ; inner smaller, base excavated, margin thick,
triquetrous, apiculate. Stamens about 30, connective produced backwards. Ovaries
about 6, strigose, 2-ovuled ; style rather slender. Carpels 2-3 by 14-2 in., sessile, oblong,
cylindric, top rounded, 1-seeded. Seed 1^-2 in., oblong; testa bony, smooth.
6. P ■ nervlfolia, Maingay mss. ; branchlets densely tomentose, leaves
oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate substrigose on the short midrib
and nerves beneath, flowers extra-axillary 2-3-nate silky villous, outer petals
like the sepals half as large as the inner, carpels \ in.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches black ; branchlets rusty-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., firm, coria-
ceous, base subacute, opaque, under-surface pale ; nerves prominent, rather remote, very
oblique; petiole ^-^ in., rusty -pubescent. Flowers fin. diam., peduncles l-gin., stout,
clothed with large ovate obtuse clasping hirsute bracts. Sepals orbicular-ovate. Petals
broadly elliptic-ovate, very thick, outer ^ in., inner coriaceous, tip 3-quetrous, glabrous
within. Ofar/es many, slender, hirsute ; ovule 1, erect. Carpe/s many, ^ in., elHptic-
oblon^, smooth, apiculate, walls thin ; stalk short stout. Seed oblong, testa pale shiuing.
— Alhed to Xylopia in the conniving triquetrous inner petals. {^Maingay).
70 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Popowia.
7. P. tomentosa, Maingay mss. ; branchlets and leaves beneath softly
hirsute, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate puberulous
above, base cordate, flowers small extra-axillary softly villous, outer petals
larger than the inner.
Malacca, Main gay.
A tree ; branches black, rugose. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 J in., rather thin, opaque, dirty
green above, pale and greenish beneath under the soft brown hairs ; petiole | in.
^bwera J in. diam,, subsessile ISepals broad-ovate, connate, hardly larger than the
sepals. Outer petals suboibicular, very thick, glabrous within ; inner smaller, very
concave, obovate, connivent. Torm flat. Stamens about 25. Ovarie)< 7-9, glabrous;
style equalling the ovary; ovules 2 superposed. Eipet carpels ^-% in. diam., globose,
hairy, at length glabrous, smooth, blood-red, 2-8eeded; stalk \ in., stout.
13. OXYMITRA, Blume.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves parallel -nerved, nervules transverse, not form-
ing intra-niarginal loops. Flowers leaf -opposed or extra-axillary. Sejxih 3,
valvate, connate below. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows, outer large, long, flat
or triquetrous and narrow, leathery, more or less spreading or connivent ;
inner much smaller, ovate-lanceolate or oblong (long and narrow in 0. steno-
vetala and glauca), conniving over the stamens and ovaries. Stamens many,
linear-oblong or cuneate, truncate ; anther-cells dorsal, remote (small and
ovoid in 0. glauca). Ovaries oblong, strigose ; style oblong or clavate, re-
curved ; ovules 1-2, subbasal, ascending. Ripe cai-pels 1-seeded, stalked. —
DiSTRiB. About 18 species, Asiatic and African.
1. O. latlfolia, H.f.& T. Fl.Ind. 145 ; leaves ovate or obovate obtuse,
base cordate glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath, peduncles 1 brac-
teate in the middle, carpels long-stalked pubescent.
Penano, Phillips; Malacca, Maingay.
A large woody climber, branches rusty -tomentoBe. Leaves 6-12 by 4-7 in., coriaceous,
shining above, tomentose on the nerves and midrib beneath ; petiole ^ in. Flowers
Bupra-axiilary ; pedicel |^-4 in., rusty-tomentose ; bracts ovate or oblong. Sepals orbi-
cular, connate into a 3-lobed cup. Outer petals 1-14 in-> tomentose, ovate-lanceolate,
tips triquetrous; inner k in., broad-ovate, shortly clawed. Carpels red-purple, golden-
pubescent, liipe carpels red-purple.
2. O. maclellandii, //. /. d^ T. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute, base
rounded or subcordate, above glabrous except the midrib, beneath glaucous
and appressed pubescent, peduncle ebracteate.
Kanooon, Maclelland, &c.
A large (climbing?) shrub, young branches appressed tomentose, old glabrate. Leaves
8-10 by 2^-3 in., covered above with microscopic scales, reddish beneath ; petiole ^ in.
Flowers supra-axillary, solitary ; pedicel \ in., appressedly brown-pubescent. Sepals
J in., ovate, acuminate. Outer petals 1^ in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous; inner 4-§in.,
oblong, connivent, flat, with a slight oval basal concavity. Ovaries oblong, densely
Btrigose ; style oblong.
3. O. affinia, II. f. <& T. ; branchlets densely rusty-tomentose, leaves
oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or subacute, base cordate, above opaque
and puberulous, beneath glaucous and rusty-pubescent, peduncle bracteate
in the middle, sepals foliaceous, carpels elliptic pubescent shortly-stalked.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches black. Leaves 5-9 by 2-3J in., thin ; nerves rusty-pubescent above, beneath
distinct spreading ; petiole \ in. Flowers supra-axillary, nodding, solitary, 1 in. long ;
Oca^mitra.] iv. anonaceje. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 71
peduncle \ in. short, curved ; bracts large, orbicular, veined. Sepals \ in., orbibular-
ovate, acute, veined, tomentose, twice as broad and half as long as the ovate-lanceolate
triquetrous acute outer petals, which are excavated at the base, pubescent outside,
glabrous within. Inner petals glabrous, rather shorter than the outer, connate into an
acute cone, claw short. 0«am» 1-ovuled. Carpels ^ in., acute; stalk short. — Near
O. Maclellandii.
4. O. stenopetala, H. f. ^ T, ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends,
glabrous above glaucous beneath, petals all long and narrow.
Martaban, Falconer.
A woody climber ; young branches and fbwers appressed-pubescent. Leaves 9-12 by
2-3 in. Fhwers supra-axillary. Sepals I4 in., ovate, acute. Petals tapering from an
ovate base to a long fine point, outer 2 by ^ in., inner \ shorter, connivent. — Habit of
the genus, but differs in the long inner petals.
5. O. unonaefolla, H. f. <fh T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves oblong abruptly
caudate-acuminate glabrous and shining above very glaucous beneath,
carpels oblong stalked glabrous. Guatteria unonsefolia, A. DC. Mem. 41 ;
Wall Cat. 6435.
Tenasserim, at Tavoy, WalUch.
A woody glabrous climber; buds with appressed golden pubescence. Leaves 5-7 by
2-3 in., base rounded or subacute; petiole J-3 in. Peduncles extra-axillary j flowers
imperfect. Sepals persistent, broad-ovate, brown-pubescent. Carpels 5-6, apiculate,
dark-brown ; stalk \ in. — Referred here from its similarity in foliage, &c., to Oxy-
mitra.
6. O. grlauca, H.f. d^ T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves oblong obtuse or acute at
both ends glabrous very glaucous beneath, outer petals very long and
narrow, carpels stalked small obtuse at both ends.
Penang, Phillips ; Malacca, Maingay.
A slender glabrous (climbing V) shrub ; buds slightly pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by \\,-2 \
in,, base usually rounded. Sepals minute, acute, deciduous. Fruiting peduncles 1 in.,
almost leaf-opposed Outer petals 1 in., narrow-linear, triquetrous; inner very small,
triquetrous. Anther-cells ovoid, top of connective large, trapezoid. Ovaries hirsute ;
ovule 1 erect ; style curved, clavate. Carpels many, ^ in. diam., subglobose, dark-brown,
smooth ; stalk as long.
7. O. fornicata, If. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous above glaucous and hoary-pubescent
beneath, carpels narrow-oblong mucronate short-stalked. Uvaria fornicata,
Roxh. FL Ind. ii. 662. U. Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat. 6423 A {not B).
Forests of Assam, Silhet, Mergui, and Penang ?
A climbing shi-ub, young branches leaves pedicels and carpels brown-tomentose.
Leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in., base rounded ; petiole ^ in. Flowers pale yellow, supra-axil-
lary ; peduncles J-| in. ; bract median, oblong, deciduous. Sepals \-% in., ovate-lanceo-
late, membranous, veined, appressed-pubescent. Outer petals 2 in., oblong lanceolate,
thin, tomentose, about 5-nerved; inner ^ in., ovate, acute,. connivent. Carpels |-f in.,
stalk very short, stout.
8. O. fiUpes, H.f. <Sc T. ; branchlets slender and leaves beneath hir-
sute, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles very long
filiform, flowers very slender.
Malacca, Maingay.
A climbing shrub ; branches brown, clothed with soft spreading hairs. Leaves 4-6
by 1^-2 in., thin, base cordate, opaque above with slender puberulous veins, hardly
glaucous beneath ; petiole J in. Flowers 2-2^ in. long ; peduncles 3-4 in., supra-axil-
72 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Oxymitra.
lary, puberulous ; bracts minute, median. Sepals \ in., ovate, acute, rusty -pubescent.
Outer petals with a short broad concave base, and almost filiform pubescent blade;
inner ^ in., oblong, subulate-acuminate. Ovaries sWky \ style short, stigma clavate;
ovule 1. Carpels ^ in., elliptic, beaked, red, walla thin, pubescent ; Htalk ^ in.
14. PKSANTKUS, H. f. & T.
Trees or climbers. Flowers solitary terminal or in extra-axillary fascicles.
Sepals 3, small, valvate. Fetals 6, valvate in 2 rows ; outer small like the
sepals ; inner large, flat, coriaceous. Stamejis numerous, narrow-oblong,
truncate or capitate, anther-cells dorsal, distant. Carjyeh numerous ; style
clavate, grooved ventrally. Ovules 1-2, subbasal, ascending. Mipe carjjds
stalked, 1 -seeded. — Distrib. Species 3, Malayan.
1. P. nutans, //. /. <£r T. FL Ind. 147 ; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute
or acuminate glabrous above except the midrib softly pubescent beneath,
carpels oblong puberulous stalked. Uvaria nutans, Wall. Cat. 6481. U. tri-
petala, Koxb. FL Ind. ii,667. U. ophthalmica, Roxb. ex Don Gen. Syst. L 93.
Malacca and Singapore, Wallich, &c. — Distkib. Moluccas.
A climber; young branches brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-2^ in., base
acute; petiole ^ in., pubescent. /'^/oi/'er« terminal or lateral, solitary or 2-3 together,
fetid, yellowish, purple at the base inside ; peduncles 1-2 in., tomentose ; bracts several,
small, linear. Inner j^etals |-1 in., ovatc-obiong, pubescent, 5-7-ribbed. Carpels ^ in.,
beaked ; stalks equal their length.
1 2. P. malabaricuB, Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 76 ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate taper-pointed glabrous except the midrib below, flowers axillary
or extra-axillary solitary.
Wynaad jungles, Malabar, Beddome.
Young part ferruginous. Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., base rounded or cordate ; petioles
very short, pubescent. Flowers ^-J in. diam., red; peduncles ^-4 in.; bracts 2, minute,
basal. Sepals orbicular-ovate, acute. OtUer jjetals twice as large as the sepals, nar-
rower ; inner twice as large as the outer, cymbiform, fleshy, influxed tips contiguous.
Style short, clavate ; ovules 1-2 on the ventral suture. — Foliage of Ganiothalamiia.
15. OONZOTKAXiAMUS, Blume.
Small trees or shrubs. Leaves with small nerves, forming intramarginal
loops. Flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary or extra-axillary ; i>eduncles
with basal scaly distichous bracts. Sejxds 3, valvate. Fttals 6, valvate in
2 series ; outer thick, flat ; inner smaller, shortly clawed, cohering in a
vaulted cap over the stamens and ovary. Stamens many, linear-t)blong ;
anther-cells remote, dorsal, connective produced into an oblong or truncate
process. Ovaries many ; style simple or 2-fid ; ovules solitary or 2 super-
posed, subbasal. Hijje carpels 1 -seeded. — Distrib. About 14 species, natives
of Eastern tropical Asia and its islands.
A very difficult genus (reduced to Oxymitra, \n Baillon's Hist, des Plantes, 237),
many species of which require further study. The dimensions of the flower increase
rapidly, and those given in the diagnosis are supposed to be the mature ones. — Thwaites'
sectional characters taken from the persistence of the calyx and form of the style are
probably the best, but not available in all the specimens at our disposal.
I. Outer petals glabrous or very slightly pubescent,
t Leaves oblong or lanceolate ; outer petals \\ in. or more.
1. G. Thwaitesii, H. f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 106 ; leaves glabrous oblong
obtusely acuminate, peduncles aidllary, sepals broadly ovate obtuse per-
Gmiothalamus.] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 73
sistent. outer petals broadly clawed, style subulate, carpels ovoid shortly
stalked. Thwaites Bnum. 7 ; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 58.
Travancor, Wight ; Ceylon, alt. 2-4000 ft.
A small tree ; brandies glaucous, leafy; buds brown-pubescent, ieayes 3|-6 by
\\-1\ in., coriaceous, dark-green above, paler beneath, margins subrecurved, nerves
subdistant ; petiole \-\ in. Flowera green ; peduncles |-1 in., subclavate. Sepals \ in.,
glabrous, reticulate vi^hen dry. Outer petals Ij-l^ in., glabrous, ovate-lanceolate,
tapering to a rather obtuse tip ; inner subsericeous ; cone of tips acute, \ in. Carpels
^1 in., obtuse at both ends.
2. Gt. G-ardnerl, H. f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 107 ; leaves narrow lanceolate
glabrous, peduncles 1-2 axillary, sepals ovate acute persistent, outer petals
hardly clawed, style subulate, carpels oblong subglabrous short-stalked. —
Thwaites Enum. 7 ; Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 60.
Ceylon; in forests, alt. 2-4000 ft., Walker, &c.
A shrub, 8-10 ft. ; branches leafy, glabrous; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves 5-\0
by 1-2 in., coriaceous, dark-green and shining above, pale, beneath, nerves close set ;
petiole 4-4 in. Flowers yellow-green ; peduncles \-^ in. Sepals glabrous, reticulate
when dry. Outer petals glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, longer and narrower than in O.
Thwaitesii. Carpels 1 in. ; style subulate.
3. G. ariffithil, H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 110; leaves oblong obtusely acu-
minate glabrous, peduncles axillary recurved, sepals large obtuse or subacute
persistent?, outer petals long-acuminate scarcely clawed, style subulate,
carpels subglobose glabresceut short-stalked.
Mergui, Griffith.
A tree ; branches glabrous, black or grey. Leaves 6-12 by 24-3 in., coriaceous,
base acut€, shining above, paler beneath; petiole ^ in. Peduncles ^ in., axillary or
from the old wood. Sepals ^-f in., thin, reticulate when dry, connate below. Outer
petals 2-24 in., glabrous, lanceolate from a broad base ; inner 4-§ in. ; cone sharp, tri-
quetrous. Anthers with an acute process. Ovaries strigose ; style long, subulate.
Carpels 4 in- diam.
4. G-. XXookeri, Thwaites Enum 6; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong
shortly obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or cauline, sepals
broad acute persistent, outer petals not clawed, style subulate, carpels ovoid
short-stalked. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 66.
Ceylon ; Hinidoon and Reigam Corles, alt. 1000 ft., Thwaites.
A small tree ; branches glabrous. Leaves 6-13 by 2|-5 in., thick, coriaceous, base
acute or 'tounded, paler beneatii ; petiole ^-% in. Flowers pale green, solitary or
fascicled; peduncles ^-^in. >iS'ejpaZs | in., connate below, reticulate when dry. Outer
petals 2 in., glabrous, broad-lanceolate, base rounded, slightly contracted above the
middle ; inner tomentose within, cone | in. high. Carpels size of a small bean.
ft Leaves oblong or lanceolate ; ovJLer 'petals 1 in. or less.
5. G. sesquipedalis, //./. <& T. FL Ind. 108 ; leaves linear-oblong or
lanceolate abruptly obtusely acuminate glabrous margin recurved when dry,
sepals ovate acute persistent, outer petals lanceolate, cone of inner long,
carpels ovoid glabrous very short-stalked. Guatteria sesquipedalis, WaU.
PL As. Rar. iii. t. 266 ; Cat. 6446. O. macrophylla, A. DC Mem. 42 {not
ofBlume) WalL Cat. 6451.
From SiKKiM 1* Assam, and the Khasia hills to Tenasserim.
A glabrous shrub, 2-4 ft. Leaves 9-13 by 2-3i in., coriaceous, minutely pellucid-
punctate, shining above, paler beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flowers greenish-yellow ; pe-
duncles xr^ in., axillary or supra-axillary. Sepals ^ in., glabrous. Outer petals 1 iu.,
74 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Goniothatamus,
lanceolate, glabrous ; inner pubescent ; cone | in. Ovaries golden- strigose, narrow,
equalling the cylindric recurved style. Carpels 3-4 or 8-10, § in., mucronate, granu-
late, orange-red.
6. G. Walkerl, H.f. S T. Fl. Ind. 109 ; leaves narrowly linear-oblong
obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary, sepals ovate acute persis-
tent, outer petals ovate-lanceolate, style clavate 2-lobed. Tliwaitts Enum.
8 and 398.
Ceylon ; in the Singhe Kajah forest, Walker, &c.
A small tree ; branches glabrous. Leaves 10-13 by 2-5 in., coriaceous, base acute,
very aromatic, dark green and shining above, pale beneath. Flowers red, sparsely
pubescent; peduncles 15-^ in., axillary. Sepals ^ in., enlarging in fruit. Outer
petals § in.; inner i-4 in. — "The fragrant roots contain camphor and are chewed by
the Cinghalese." — Ihw. — Very near to O. sesquipedalis. The description of the flower
is taken from Thwaites.
ttt Leaves obovate-oblong, widening upwards to above the middle.
7. G-. Tbomsoni, Thwaites Enum. 7; leaves obovate-oblong abruptly
long-acuminate glabrous, flowers solitary or binate axillary or truncal, sepals
acute persistent, outer petals 1^ in. lanceolate, style with 2 filiform segments,
carpels ovoid sbort-staLked. Beddonve Ic. PL Lnd. Or. t. 59.
Ceylon; forests between Gal!e and Ratnapoora, Thwaites.
' A small glabrous bush, 14-3 ft. Leaves 6-12 by 1^-3^ in., base acute, bright green
above, pale beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flowers yellow, glabrous, often close to the ground;
peduncles h-% in., slender, tip decurved. Sepals \ in., lanceolate.. Outer petals 14 in.,
taper-pointed, base rounded ; cone of inner broad, 4 in. high. Ovarits elongate, equal-
ling the style. Caipels 4 in., l-seeded.
8. G-. wynaadensis, Bed dome Ic. PL lnd. Or. i. 13, t. 61 ; leaves nar-
rowly obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or
truncal, sepals persistent ] outer petals \ in. broad ovate, style elongate
2-lobed, carpels oblong. Atrategia, Beddome.
Western Penin.sula ; Wynaad, alt. 2500-5000 ft., Beddome.
An erect shrub; shoots puberulous. Leaves 8-11 by 3 in., thin, membranans, base
acute, shining above, paler beneath; petiole ^-4 in. Flowers ^-l in. long, glabrate ;
buds brown-pubescent ; peduncles ^-^ in. Sfpals orbicular, obtuse or acute. Outer
petals conspicuously veined ; inner half as long, vaulted. Torus and ovaries hairy ;
ovule 1. liipe carpels \-l in. long, mucrouate ; stalk ^ in. — We have seen but one
specimen.
9. G-. macrophyllus, U.f.d: T. ; leaves narrow-obovate-oblong acu-
minate glabrous coriaceous, peduncles supra-axillary, sepals acute persistent,
outer petals 1-1| in. oblong-lanceolate, style slender, carpels pisiform sub-
sessile. — Polyalthia macrophylla, Blame Fl. Jav. Anon. 79, t. 39.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingaij. — Distrib. Java.
A shrub or tree; branches glabrous; bark grey. Leaves 10-18 by 3-5 in., coria-
ceous, base rounded or acute, pale beneath ; petiole f-1 in. Flowers green, glabrous ;
peduncles ^4 in-i glabrous. Petals, outer acute or acuminate ; iimer obtuse, ciliate,
cone ^ in., depressed, triquetrous. Ovaries 12-18, glabrous, 1-ovuled. Carpels size
of a pea, ovoid, mucronate. — Our specimens are in fruit with a bud.
II. Outer petals softly pubescent or tomentose.
* Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong.
10. G. Slmonsli, H. f. <t T. Fl. Ind. 108 ; leaves narrowly obovate-
oblong caudate-acuminate glabrous above brown pubescent beneath, pe-
duncles axillary, sepals acute persistent, style cylindric, carpels oblong.
Goniotkalamus.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 7b
Khasia hills ; alt. 2-3000 ft., Simons, &c,
A small tree ; young branches, midrib and nerves beneath, peduncles and petals
brown-tomentose. Leaves 9-15 by 3-5 in., nerves strong; petiole 4 ^Q- Flowers
1-1 1 in. long; peduncles i-^ in. Sepals 4 in., ovate. Outer petah 14-2 in. long,
oblong lanceolate ; cone of inner 4 in- ^ong, triquetrous, acute. Connective acute,
glabrous. Carpels 4 in-, on a much elongated torus, mucronate.
11. G. g-igranteus, ff.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 109 ; leaves oblong long and
obtusely acuminate glabrous above puberulous beneath with a sharply-
keeled midrib, peduncles from the old axils, sepals broadly ovate obtuse,
outer petals flat, style filiform, tip clavate. — Uvaria gigantea, Wall. Gat.
6469 A B {in part).
Pena5:g and Singapore, Wallich, &c. — Distrib. Philippines.
Branches glabrous, white; buds brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by l|-^3 in,, coria-
ceous, base acute, dark-green and shining above, pale beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flowers
very large ; peduncles 1-1 4 in., subclavate, spn'ading or p.^ndulous, puberulous. Sepals
I in., ovate, subobtuse, pubescent. Outer petals 3-4 by l|-3iu., oblong, shortly clawed,
pubescent on both surfaces ; inner densely golden-toraentose, cone § in.
12. G. xnalajanus, ff.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 107 ; leaves narrow-oblong
taper-pointed glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary, sepals connate to the
middle acute, outer petals flat, style slender, carpels narrow-oblong glabrate
stalked. Uvaria sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 710.
Malacca, Griffith.
Bark white; shoots brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-9 by '[\-Z in., base acute or
rounded, shining and dark-green above, paler and lurid beneath, veins subhorizontal,
faint; petiole |-i in. Flowers greenish; peduncles ^-| in., deflexed, brown-silky.
Sepals ^ in , broad ovate, pubescent. Outer petals 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, acute,
clawed, young silky on both surfaces with a triangular glabrous basal area, back
keeled ; inner united into a short acute tomentose cone. Ovaries silky ; ovules 3-5.
Carpels 1 in., corky (golden-pubescent when immature) ; stalk J in. Seeds 1-3, testa
hispidulous ; funicle broad, flat. — G. Stingelandtii, Scheffer, of Java, is perhaps the
same.
13. G-. fulvus, ff.f. & T. ; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong obtuse or
acute glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary, sepals free subacute, outer petals
flat, style cvlindric glabrous.
Malacca, 'GUn^th.
Branches slender, black. Leaves 8-9 by 24-3^ in., thin, glabrous, pellucid-dotted,
base acute, nerves oblique ; petiole \ in., appressed-pubescent. Flowers 1 in. long ;
peduncles | in., puberulous. Sepals i in., broad ov^te. Oat^r petals \^-2 in., lan-
ceolate from a broad base, tape r-poin tad, broyfn-silky, slightly keeled on the back ; cone
\ in., short, triquetrous, obtuse. — F\ovfQT o^ G.malayanus ; leaves more like G. Simonsii.
14. G-. cardlopetaliis, ff.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 107 ; leaves narrow-oblong
or obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous margin waved, peduncles
supra-axillary solitary or superposed, sepals orbicular free, outer petals
cucullate clawed, style slender 2-fid. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 62. Uvaria
obovata, ffeyne ex Wall. Cat. 6471. Polyalthia cardiopetala, Dah. in ffook.
Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 39. Atrategia Thomsoni, Bedd.
Mountains of Canara, ffeyne, &c.
A small tree ; branches slender, leafy. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., thin, coriaceous, base
acute, petiole ^ in. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; peduncles \-\ in. Sepals small, pubescent.
Outer petals 4-| in., oblong, densely brown-tomentose ; inner \ shorter, tomentose. ^
** Leaves lanceolate.
15. G. reticulatus, Thwaites Enum. 7, 398 ; leaves lanceolate or very
narrowly oblong acuminate glandular-dotted glabrous above sparsely strigose
76 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Gonwthalamus.
beneath, peduncles supra-axillary, sepals broad ovate acute deciduous, style
clavate 2-lobed, carpels oblong or globose rusty -pubescent. Beddmie Ic.
PL Ind. Or. t. 64.
Ceylon ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, Thwaites.
A shrub, 6-8 ft.; bark black, .young branches strigose. Leaves C-11 by 1-2J in.,
membranous, reticulate ; petiole | in., deeply grooved, almost winged. Flowers § in.,
long, red- or yellow-brown; pedicels ^in., very slightly supra axillary, deflexed Ovaries
densely red-strigose, style large. Carpels ^ in. long, acute, 1-2-seeded ; stalk ^ In.
16. G". salicinus, H.f. dh T. FL Ind. 106 ; leaves narrow-lanceolate
acuminate glandular-dotted glabrous above sparsely strigose beneath, pe-
duncles shortly supra-axillary, sepals deciduous, style 2-lobed. TliwaiUs
Enam. 7 ; Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 65.
Ceylon ; in forests near Adam's Peak, alt. 2-3000 ft.
A shrub 10-12 ft. ; branches dark, slender, leaty ; young parts, petioles, pedicels, and
sepals densely brown strigose. Leaves 3-44 by ^1 in.; petiole \ in. Fhmers yellow-
brown or -red; peduncles | in. Sepals \ in., ovate, acuminate. Outer petals \-\ in.,
oblong-lanceolate, tomentose ; cone of inner ^ in. high.
17. G. Wi^htil, //. / d; T. Fl. Ind. 106 ; leaves lanceolate acute at
both ends glabrous on both surfaces pellucid-dotted, peduncles axillary,
sepals persistent, outer petals ovate acute, style oblong tip dilated, carpels
oblong glabrous. Wall. Cat. 9089 ; Peddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. oa
Forests of Travancor, WigJit, &c.
Branches glabrous, kafy, buds subsilky. Leaves 3-5 by |-U i^-. thin, bright green
above, brownish beneath ; petiole ^-\ in. Flowers \ in. diam., peduncles ^-1 >"-, s"h-
clavate. Sepals \ in., broad-ovate, subacute, puberulous. Outer 2>etals 1 in., appresscd
brown-pubescent; inner i in., cone short, brown silky inside. Carpels Sin.; stalk
iin.
16. XIZZTREFKORA, Blume.
Trees. Leaves coriaceous, strongly ribbed, plaited in vernation. Flowers
usually terminal or leaf-opposed, sometimes 1-sexual. Sepals 3, orbicular
or ovate. Petals 6, 2-seriate, valvate ; outer ovate, thii^, ^heiiicd ; inner
clawed, vaulted and cohering. Stamens oblong-cuneate ; _abdvffS i 1 1 h er^ells
diU:aaLr©ffiot«:y^ar/W^- oblong ; style oblong or clavate, ventraTly furrowecfy
ovules 4 or more, 2-seriate. Ripe carpels globose or ovoid, stalked or sub-
sessUe. — DiSTfim, Species about 10 -tropical Asiatic.
(^^<r-H/r^^^ la. tomS^osaTl'/!!^ leaves ovate or oblong-
lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, glabrous and shining above except the
hairy midrib, softrf tomentose beneath, flowers cymose shortly pedicelled
^ bisexual leaf-opposed, carpels subglobose tomentose long-stalked.
From Assam, Jenkins; to CmxTAGONQ, E..f.& T.
Branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3- 6 by 1 4-3 in., base rounded, finely reticulate be-
neath ; petiole ^^ in Cymes few-flowered, densely tomentose, bracts basal, large,
orbicular ; pedicels ^-^ in. ; bracteole subniedian. Flowers 2 in. diam. Sepals broad-
ovate, acute. Outer petals 1 in., acute ; inner broad ovate. Carpels 1 in. diam. ; pe-
dicel 1-1 4 in.
2. K. obtusa, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 22, t. 10 and 14 C; branches
glabrescent, leaves ovate or oblong acute or mucronate glabrate beneath,
flowers long-pedicelled 2-sexual on terminal and leaf-opposed tomentose
peduncles, carpels as in M. tomentosa but smaller. //. /. (i: T. Fl. Ind. 113.
Uvaria obtusa, Blwme Bijd. ; Wall. Cat. 6484.
^'
Mitrephora,] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 77
Penanq, WalUch; Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java.
A tall much branched tree. Leaves 2-5 by 1-2 4 in., coriaceous, base ronnded,
young pubescent beneath and on the mibrib above, old glabrous and shining on both
Burfaces. Flowers 1 in. diam., bracts several, distichous, linear ; pedicels 1-2 in.,
slender; bracteole minute, supra-ni'^dian. Outer petaU ^m., yeWo-^xsh, veins purple,
velvety outside ; inner smaller, ovate, obtuse, pubescent outside, densely tomentose
inside, claw slender.
3. BI. Keyneana, Thwaites Enum. 8 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, nar-
rowed to an obtuse tip glabrous shining above, flowers 2-sexual shortly
pedicelled solitary or in leaf-opposed subracemose cymes, carpels ovoid or
subglobose subsessile. Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 77. Uvaria Heyneana,
Wall. Cat. 6463. U. lutea /3, W. <& A. Frodr. 8. Orophea Heyneana, H.f,
<k T. Fl. Ind. 110.
Carnatic, at Courtalam, Heyne, &c., and Ceylon, Thwaites.
Branches glabrous ; buds pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1^ in., firm, coriaceous, base
rounded, finely reticulated beneath ; petioles ^-^ in. Flowers \\ in. diam ; peduncle
very short ; bracts minute distichous ; pedicels J in., bracteole small, appressed.
Sepals minute, orbicular. Outer petals | in., yellow, cuneate lanceolate, taper-pointed,
downy on both sides ; inner yellow with red spots, \ in. long, trapezoid, acute, villous.
Carpels 6-9, ^ in-, strigose in flower, hoary when ripe, 1-3-seeded.
4. 3MC. ? excelsa, H.f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 114; young parts stellate-pubes-
cent, leaves obovate-oblong acute shining above pubescent beneath, flowers
small 2-sexual shortly pedicelled in short cymes in the old axils. Uvaria
excelsa. Wall. Cat. 6477.
Penang, WalUch. •
Leaves 6 8 by 2-3 J in., base cordate, finely reticulate beneath, nerves oblique, con-
spicuous ; petiole J in. Flowers small, white, in 2-3-flOwered cymes, tomentose.
/Sepals orbicular. Outer petals very thick, broad ovate, acute ; inner thick, arched,
rather contracted at the base. — Genus doubtful, the flowers being immature.
5. Tft, reticulata, II. f. & T. ; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong ob-
tusely acuminate glabrous above except the midrib puberulous beneath,
flowers monoecious, pedicels fascicled axillary, carpels globose. Uvaria
reticulata, Blame Fl. Jav. Anon. 50, t. 24. Pseuduvaria reticulata, Miq. Fl.
Lid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 33.
Tenasserim, Hilfer. — Distrib. Java.
A small tree, 25 ft,; young branches hoary. Leaves 4-8 by 1^-2 J in., base ^cute,
conspicuously reticulate beneath, nerves parallel; petiole ^-^ in. Pedicels 3-6, slender,
4-1 4 in., pubescent ; bracts basal ; bracteole median, minute, ovate. Sepals minute,
ovate, obtuse. Petals outside and margins tomentose, outer very small, subacute;
inner J in., trapezoid ; claw narrow, erect. $ with 6 staminodes in 3 pairs. Ovaries.
pilose, 4-ovuled. Carpels 4-seeded. — Heifer's specimens differ from Blume's figure only
in the rather longer petiole, all are male (like Blume's), but Maingay says the species
is monoecious.
6. BI. IHaing-ayi, H.f. (^ T.; branchlets buds and peduncles rusty-
pubescent, leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong acuminate glabrous shining
above, flowers 2-sexual long^peduncled, bract concave median, carpels ovoid
stalked.
Malacca, Maingay.
A small tree. Leaves 3-7 by 1^-2^ in , rather rigid, pale, base rounded or acute,
minutely reticulate, nerves strong beneath arching upwards ; petiole ^-4 in , pubescent.
Flowers 1^ in. diam., cernuous, yellow with red blotcbes ; buds globose, browu-viilous ;
peduncles |-1 iu., ascending, slender, and small broad sepals brown-tomentose. Petals
78 IV. ANONACEJE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Mitrephora,
pubescent; outer 1 in., obovate-oblong, shortly broadly clawed, undulate; inner raucb
smaller, cordate; claw long-linear. Torus urceolate pilose. Ovaries pilose, 8-10-
ovuled, style clavate. Carpels (unripe) | in,, rusty-lomentose, top rounded; stalk
^-4 in., stout.
7. TH, grandiflora, Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 101 ; young parts
golden-pubescent, leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate shining above glalDres-
cent beneatb, peduncles 2-3-tlowered leaf-opposed, flowers 2-sexual, carpels
Ghats near Coloor and Gairsoppah, in S. Canara, Beddome.
A handsome tree. Leaves 4-5 by 1^-2^ in,, thin, coriaceous, axils of nerves beneath
hairy and glandular; petiole 4 in. Flowers 2-3 in, diam., ferruginous, snlsesbile;
buds globose ; bract close to flower. Sepals small. Outer jntaU broadly elliptic, acute,
first white, turning yellow ; inner smaller, deciduous, claw broad, back triangular, white
streaked with red. Carpels globose, size of a hazel, l-seeded, tomeutose. — We have
seen no specimen.
16.* ANONA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Flowers solitary or fascicled, terminal or leaf-opposed.
JSepals 3, small, valvate. Pttals 3-6, valvate in 2 series, or the inner series
wanting : outer triquetrous, base concave. Stamens numerous; anther-cells
narrow, dorsal, contiguous, top of connective ovoid. Ovaries n)any, subcon-
nate ; style oblong; ovule 1, erect. Ripe carpels confluent intu a many-
celled ovoid or globose many-seeded fruit, — Distrib. A large An) crican and
African genus, of which various fruiting species or varieties are naturalized
in the Old World.
A. squamosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i, 85 ; leaves oblong obtuse or acu-
minate glaucous beneath and pubescent when young, fruit tubercled, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 657; W. iL' A. Prodr. 7; Wall. Cat. 6490; U. f. cC- T. Fl. Ind.
116; Rfieede Ilort. Mai. iii, 29.
Naturalized especinllv in the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Tropical America. —
(The Custard Apple of India, and Sweet Sop of the W. Indies.)
A small tree. Leaves 2-3 by f-14 in,, membranous, usually obtuse, base acute.
Plowers solitary 1 in. long, pubescent. Petals 3, narrow-oblong. Fruit fleshy,
areolate.
A. reticulata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 85; leaves* oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, quite glabrous smooth or roughish beneath, fruit smooth lii^htly
areolate. Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 657: Wall. C'lt. 6489; W. dh A. Prodr. 7;
II. /. dh T. Fl Ind. 115 ; Rheede Ilort. Mai. iii. t, 30, 31.
Naturalized in Bengal and elsewhere. — Distrib. Tropical America. (Bullock's-
heart or Custard Apple of the W, Indies.)
A small tree. Leaves 5-8 by 14-2 in., base acute; petiole 4 in- Flowers 2-3
together on lateral peduncles. Outer petals as in A. squamosa ; inner very small,
narrow-oblong. Fruit subglobose, roughish outside, with pentagonal areoles.
17. BXEZ^ODORVIIX, Dunal
Climbing shrubs. Leaves with strong parallel nerves. Flowers terminal
axillary and leaf-opposed, solitary fascicled or panicled ; buds triciuctrous.
JSepals 3, small, valvate, connate below. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows ; outer
plano-convex or trigonous; inner triquetrous above, hollowed below on the
inner face. Stamens many ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; top of connec-
tive ovoid or quadrate. Carpels many, free ; style oblong ; ovules 2 or more.
Melodorum.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 79
Ripe carpels berried. — Distrlb. Species about 18; Tropical Asia and
Africa.
Sect. I. IMCelodorum proper. Outei^ petals oblong-ovate or ovate-lan-
ceolate. Ovaries tomentose; ovules many. Seeds smooth, often with a
raised marginal wing.
* Leaves very pubescent or tomentose beneath,
t Leaves 2nib€scent on both surfaces.
1. BI. rubi^inosum, E.f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 116; leaves oblong obtuse
acute or abruptly acuminate glabrous except the tomentose midrib above,
pubescent beneath, outer petals 1-1^ in. narrow oblong, carpels ovoid or
globose tomentose stalked. Uvaria rubiginosa. A, DC. Mem. 26 ; WaU. Cat,
6465. U. nervosa and U. fulva. Wall, Cat. 6479, 6427.
From SiLHET and Chittagoxg, H.f. & T., to Tenasserim, Wallich.
A large climber; branchlets brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-12 by 2-5 in., rather mem-
branous ; petiole J-1 in. Flowers axillaiy or in terminal 5-6-flowered leafless panicles,
brown-tomentose ; pedicels l-lj in. ; bracts 1-2, supra-median, small, ovate. Sepah
short, broad. Outer petals oblong acuminate, tomentose outside, hoary within ; inner
narrower, ovate, base concave, limb triquetrous. Carpels 1-1$ in. ; stalk as long or
longer. /SeeJs shining.
2. m. latifolium, Dunal ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 117; leaves ovate or
oblong obtuse coriaceous densely pubescent beneath, outer petals f in.
oblong-ovate, carpels large ovoid beaked, stalks thick. Wall. Cat. 9411.
M. moUissimum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i 354. Uvaria latifolia, BluToe
Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 15.
Malacca, Griffith; Si^cxponB, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Philippines.
Very near 31. ruhighiosum, but leaves very coriaceous, more tomentose and obtuse,
young downy above, flowers smaller broader and shorter, in larger panicles. Carpels
3 in., oblong, densely rusty-tomentose, young warted beaked, old smooth; stalks longer.
3. TfL. lanug-inosum, ff.f. (p T. Fl. Ind. 117; leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate rarely obtuse glabrous except the
midrib above densely woolly beneath, outer petals l|-2 in. villous, carpels
globose tomentose. Uvaria lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 6454.
Penang and Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay.
A rambling shrub densely brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by l|-2f in., lower on
the branches smaller, base rounded; petiole |-§ in. Flowers terminal or leaf-opposed,
in short 3-4-flowered cymes; bracts small, oblong, deciduous; pedicels ^-1 in., brac-
teole ovate basal. Sepals 4 in., ovate. Outer petals oblong, tapering to an obtuse
point; inner a little shorter, hoary, narrow, base concave, limb long triquetrous.
Carpels 1 in. diam. ; stalk ^ in. Setds dimidiate-oblong, shining.
4. BX. manubr latum, H.f. d- T. Fl. Ind. 118 ; leaves 3-5 in. oblong
or oblong-lanceulate acute or acuminate glabrous except the midrib above,
densely brown-tomentose beneath, outer petals |-1 in., carpels subglobose
densely tomentose. Uvaria manubriata. Wall. Cat. 6456.
Penang and Malacca, Wallich, &c,
A woody climber, young branches petioles inflorescence and carpels densely brown-
tomentose. Leaoes 3-6 by i\-l% in., base rounded; petiole ^ in. Flowers 1-3, fasci-
cled, terminal, or leaf-opposed, pedicels 4-f if'-") hracts oblong, infra-median. Sepals
nearly ^ in., ovate acute. Outer petals ovate-oblong, obtuse ; inner a little shorter,
dull purple, ovate-lanceolate, hoary, glabrous within. Carpels 4-4 iu., obtuse; stalk
rather longer.
80 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Melodorum.
5. M. verrucosum, H.f. <i; T. Fl. Ind. 119 ; leaves 3-5 in. oblong or
lanceolate acute or obtuse glabrous except the midrib above, softly pubes-
cent beneath, nerves close-set, carpels subglobose densely warted.
Kh.asta HiLLB, alt. 1-5000 ft., H.f. & T.
A large woody climber, young branches and flowers tomento«e. heaven 3-5 by
l|-2 in., base hardly rounded, petiole ^-^ in. Flowers 1-5, fascicled, terminal or leaf-
opposed, buds shorter and broader than in other species ; bracts ovate or oblong,
acute, median. Sepals ovate, acute, (htter petah ^ m., ovate, acute, slightly keeled
inside ; inner triangular-oblong, acute, hoary, concave except at the triquetrous tip.
Carpels 2 in. diam., pubescent; stalk 4-8 in. — Griffith's t. 652 (of Icones iv.), which
is not referred to in the "Notulse," may belong to this species, but the venation diflfers
much.
6. M. GHffithli, //./. <£r T, Fl. Ind. 120; leaves 3-5 in. narrow oblong
or lanceolate obtuse or subacute glabrous except the midrib above, rusty-
pubescent beneath, tip often retuse, outer petals ^ in. Fissistigma scandens,
Grif. Not. iv. 706.
Tenasserim, Griffith.
A climbing fhrub ; bark dark grey, spotted white ; young branches and flowers
tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by IJ-lf in., base rounded; petiole | in. Flowers 2-4 in.,
sub-terminal in leaf-opposed fascicles terminating a short peduncle: pedicels ^-^in. ;
bracteole, median, orbicular, small. Sepals orbicular, obtuse. Outer petals \ in. ;
inner a little shorter, red-brown, glabrou.s or puberulous. — Kesembies Uvarla sphcero-
carpa, HI., wl^ich is a Melodorum, but the flower of that plant and the fruit of this are
unknown.
7. W. bioolor, H.f. dh T. Fl. Ind 110; leaves 4-8 in. oblong or lan-
ceolate, lower on each branch obtuse upper acute glabrous except the midrib
above silky beneath, outer petals 1 in., carpels globose subglabrous. Uvaria
bicolor, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 662 {not of Wall. Cat.).
From the base of the Sikkim Himalaya and Khasia hills to Ajwam and AvA.
A large woody climber; young branches and flowers tomentose. Leaves 4-8 bjr
2-3 in.; petiole |-^ in. Flowers 1-3, in leaf-opposed fascicles; pedicels ^-l in.; brac-
teole small, basal. Sepals ovate. Outer petals villous, ovate-lanceolate ; inner rather
shorter and narrower, f^labrous, red. Carpels 1 in. diam., mucronate ; stalk \-k in. —
Very near M. vianuhriatum, but with usually larger, more obtuse leaves, more lateral
flowers, and more globose bhorter-slalked fruit.
8. BI. Maing>ayii, 77. / <(• T. ; branchlets pubescent, leaves broad-
elliptic or oblong rounded at both ends or tip apiculate glabrous above
glaucous and finely pubescent beneath, flowers l.^ in. solitary, calyx orbi-
cular, carpels oblong straight-beaked.
Penano, Maingay.
A scandent shrub; branches black. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., hard, coriaceous, red-
brown when dry, opaque above with a slender downy midrib, nerves many, much
diverging, slender; petiole i-§ in. Floicers axillary, cernuous, appressed, brown-
pubiscent; buds with a swollen base ^ in. diam. and trigonous curved beak; pedicel
\-^ in., stout, curved ; bract small, broad, half amplexicaul. Calyx a disk, ^ in. diam.
Outer petals flat bat keeled down the middle inside, compressed 3-gonous ; base exca-
vated; inner very small, triangular-ovate, glabrous. Stamens very mAny, small, trun-
cate. Torus conical, low, top depressed Ovaries about 6, silky ; stigma subsessile.
Carpels 14-2 by f in., rusty puberulous, walls thick ; stalk 4 in., stout, straight. Seeds
J in., many, 2-seriate, horizontal ; testa shining, not margiued.
9. BI. cyllndrlcum, Maingay mss. ; branches rusty pubescent, leaves
oblon^j elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above brown and
Melodorum.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 81
'puberulous beneath, flowers \ in. solitary, calyx obtusely triangular, carpels
cylindric rough ends rounded.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches very dark. Leaves 3-4^ by 1^-lf, base rounded, coriaceous, hard, mid-
rib slender, puberulous, nerves many slender diverging; petiole 4-| in., pubescent.
£^lowers axillary, cernuous ; buds short, pyramidal, appressed brown-pubescent ; pe-
duncle short, thick, bract obscure. Calyx j in. diam. Outer petals triangular-ovate,
3-quetrous, base excavated ; inner very small indeed, triangular, glabrous. Torus as
in 31. Maingayi. Top of connective orbicular. Ovaries 4-6, silky-pubescent. Ripe
carpels 1-lf by ^-^ in., curved, brown-pubescent, walls very thin; stalk ^ in., stout.
Seeds many, ^ in. long, 2-seriate, horizontal, testa shining, not margined ; aril small,
cartilaginous.
** Leaves glabrous or minutely sparsely pubescent beneath, (See also
Maingayi and cyli7idricum.)
t Flowers in terminal or leaf-ojypo&ed cymes or fascicles.
10. Til. Wallichii, H. /. d; T.Fl. Ind. 118 ; leaves narrow oblong-lan-
ceolate acute or acuminate sparsely pilose beneath veins distant, outer petals
f in. carpels subglobose tomentose. — Uvaria bicolor. Wall. Gat. 6466, not of
Roxh.
Eastern Bengal, in Assam and Silhet, Wallich, &c.
A large woody climber, youiig parts with slight golden pubescence. Leaves Ar-1 by
I5-24 in., base rounded, pale beneath and hairy chiefly on the midrib and distant
nerves; petiole ^ in. Flowers 1-3, in terminal or leaf-opposed fascicles ; pedicels
4 in. ; bracts 1-2, ovate, basal. Sepals small, ovate. Outer petals, oblong-lanceolate ;
inner one-third shorter, hoary, brown-purple. Carpels (mature ?) 4 in- diam., obliquely
raucronate ; stalk 1 in.
11. TSt. polyanthum, H. f. d- T. Fl. Ind, 121 ; leaves narrow oblong
or lanceolate usually acute at both ends minutely pubescent beneath, outer
petals i in. Uvaria polyantha, Wall. Cat. 64:67 .
Forests of the Khasia hills, Silhet, and Assam.
A large woody climber; branches blackish, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by I-I4 in. or
8-10 by 2-3| in., acute or sharply acuminate, pale beneath; petiole 5-^ in., glabrate.
Floivers small, 3-7, in leaf-opposed cymes ; peduncle short, woody, hoary, soon
glabrate ; pedicels 5 in., with a basal scale and a median orbicular deciduous bracteole.
Sepjals ovate, subacute, hoary. Outer petals ovate, silky outside ; inner about half the
size, pubescent without, glabrous within.
12. in. rufinerve, i/. / ^ T. Fl. Ind. 121 ; leaves 6-10 in. long obtuse
or acute glabrous glaucous beneath, flowers minute.
Eastern Bengal; forests between Silhet and Cachar, E.f. & T.
A large woody climber ; branches glabrous ; buds golden-pubescent. Leaves 6-10
by 2|-4 in., base rounded or retuse ; petiole glabrous, ^-§ in. Buds minute, in pubes-
cent leaf-o])posed cymes ; pedicels ^ in.j bracteole small, median. — A very distinct
species, in an immature condition.
tt Flowers axillary^ solitary, or ap'pearing racemose only through the fall
of the floral leaves.
13. Va. prismaticum, ff.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 121 ; leaves 5-9 in. oblong
rounded or abruptly acuminate glabrous brown beneath, sepals connate,
outer petals narrow 2 in., carpels oblong obtuse tubercled glabrous. — Uvaria
prismatica, Wall. Cat. 6455. Pyramidanthe rufa, Miq. Ann. ii. 39.
Penang, Malacca and Sincapoke, Wallich, &c.— Distiub. Borneo.
VOL. 1. G
82 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Melodonm,
A large woody climber; branches black, glabrons ; buds puberulous. Leaves 5-9 by
2|-4 in., much smaller at the base of the branches, thickly coriaceous, base rounded,
puberulous on the midrib beneath ; petiole ^-f in* Floicers axillary, solitary; pedicel
\ in. ; bracteoles small, linear, subbasal. Calyx a slightly 3-lobed cup. Outer petals
2 in. tapering from a common base to a long triquetrous point, rusty-pubescent outside,
hoary inside ; inner \-^ in., ovate, acute, glabrate, concave except the triquetrous tip.
" Ovaries 4-6, strigose, 4- or more-ovuled," Maingay. Carpels ^-1 4 in. long ; stalk
i-li in.
, 14. HI. fulgrens, n.f. d- T. FL Ind. 120 ; leaves 3-4 in. oblong-lanceo-
late acuminate glabrous except the midrib above pale and appressed pubes-
cent beneath, outer petals \ in. ovate concave, carpels subglobose silky
shining. — Uvaria fulgens and Myristica Finlaysoniana, Walt. Cat. 6482 and
6793.
Malacca and Sikcapore. — Distrib. Borneo, Philippines.
A large woody climber (small tree, Maingay) ; branches glabrous, young silky.
Leaves 2-4 by 1-1^ in., base rounded or subacute ; petiole ^^ in., silky. Floicers
tawny-orange, solitary or in 8ubract'mos6 terminal panicles (through the fall of the
floral leaves) ; pedicels ^^ '"i golden-tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, linear, upper sub-
orbicular. Sepals orbicular, acute. Outer petals ^ in., ovate, golden-silky outside,
hoary within, with a large concave glabrous basal area ; inner oblong, acute, glabrous.
Avtliers purple, appendage long. Ovaries strigose. Bipe carpels 14 in- ^^ Seeds
flattened not scrobiculate." Maingay.
Sect. IL Kentla. Flowers axillary, solitary. Outer petals orbicular,
with broad much tliickened margins. Ovaries glabrous, pellucid-glandular ;
ovules detinite or indefinite. iSeeds pitted.
15. m, elegrans, 77./. <fr T, Fl. Ind. 122; leaves lanceolate acuminate
flabrous above paler and puberulous beneath, carpels oblong or subglobose.
Jvaria elegans, Wall. Cat. 6474 A.
Pexaxo, Wallich ; Malacca, Maingay.
Acliml>er; branches slender, glabnuis, black; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves Z-A
by l-lj in.; coriaceous, base rounded or acute ; petiole 4 in. glabrous. Peduncles
slender ; bracteoles 2-3, minute, basal. Sepals small, ovate, acute, persistent. Obiter
petals \ in., ovate, subacute, brown silky outside, hoary inside ; inner much smaller,
ovate, thick, back keeled, fringed round the basal hollow, triquetrous and hoary above
the middle. Ovaries 8-10-ovuled. CarpeU 4 in., stalk as long. — Very like M. Kcntii,
H. f. & T., of Java {Polyaithia, Blume), but that plant is 2-ovuled.
16. nx. pisocarpum, //./. <f: T. Fl. Ind. 123 ; leaves broad-ovate or
-oblonc? enuu'ginate glabrous above reticulate and puberulous beneath, car-
pels pisiform granulate glabrate. Uvaria mabiformis, Griff. Notid. iv. 709.
Malacca, Griffith. *
A shrub, probably climbing; branches glabrous; buds golden-silky. Leaves lf-3
by Ij-lf in., coriaceous, base rounded or subacute; petiole ^ in. Peduncles ^-4 in.,
slender, hardly downy ; bracteoles 2, minute, scale-like, basal ; buds subglobose, ob-
tusely triquetrous. Sepals small, ovate, acute. Outer petals \ in. broad, ovate, sub-
orbicular, golden-sjlky outside, hoary inside ; inner about half as long, narrow-oblong.
Ovaries 2-ovuled. Carpels \ in. diam., globose ; stalk the same length. " Seeds 2,
scrobiculate, arilled." Maingay.
18. Xiri-OFZA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers axillary, solitary cymose or
fascicled ; buds triquetrous, conic, often slender. Sepals 3, valvate, connate.
Fetals 6, elongate, valvate in 2 series ; outer flat or concave ; inn«r nearly
Xi/hpia.] IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 88
as long, 3-gonous, concave at the base only. Tcyrus flat, or hollow and en-
closing the carpels. Stamens oblong, truncate or connective produced;
anther-cells remote or contiguous, usually septate, with a large pollen-grain
in each cellule. Ovaries 1 or more ; style long, clavate ; ovules 2-6 or
more, 1-2-seriate. Ripe carpels long or short, continuous or moniliform,
usually several-seeded.— DiSTRiB. Tropics generally ; species 30-40. — Closely
allied to Melodorum, but very different in habit.
Sect. I. Kabzella, Alph, DO. (Gen.). Torm flat or slightly concave.
Mipe carpels cylindric or obovoidL
, 1. X. ferrugrinea, ff. f. S T. Fl. Ind. 123 (Habzelia) ; leaves uarrow-
oblong acute glabrous and shining above glaucous beneath and rusty-
pubescent on the veins, peduncles solitary or geminate, carpels cylindric
slender subtorulose. Artabotrys malayana, Griff. Notul. iv. 713.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
A flexuous ramose shrub; branchlets rusty-pubescent. Leat^es 5-7 by l|-2 in,,
base oblique rounded or subcordate, much reticulate ; petiole J-^ in. Flowers pen-
dulous, yellow, fragrant ; peduncles f-l;^ in., rusty-pubescent. Sepah ovate, acute.
Outer petals J in., taper-pointed, yellow-tome ntose ; inner shorter, narrower, triquetrous
above, base contracted. Anthers with a long narrow process, cells septate. Ovaries
many golden stiigose. Carpels 4-4 in., blood-red. Seeds ovoid, aril 0.
2. X. oxyantha, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 124 (Habzelia) ; leaves ovate or
oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous glaucous below, peduncles fascicled
axillary. Uvaria oxyantha, Wall. Cat. 6478.
Singapore, Wallich.
A tree ; branches glabrous ; young parts puberulous. Leaves 7-8 by 2\-B\ in. ;
petiole ^ in. Flowers more than 1 in. long, peduncles \-\ in., appressed downy.
Sepals broad-ovate. Outer petals l^-li iii-> naiTow-linear, pubescence yellowish ap-
pressed, back slightly keeled.
3. X. malayana, H.f. dh T. Fl. Lid. 125 ; leaves oblong obtusely acu-
minate glabrous reticulate beneath, peduncles very short 3-5-flowered, sepals
united to the middle, carpels cylindric-oblong obtuse pubescent. Pararta-
botrys sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ned. Lid. Suppl. i. 374.
Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Sumatra.
A tree; branches slender, glabrous; buds pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in,, coria-
ceous, base acute, pale-brown when dry beneath ; petiole ^-^ in. Floioers ^-1 in.
long, triquetrous ; peduncles, axillary, 1-bracteate; pedicels short and brown-tamentose.
Sepals ovate, acute. Outer petals linear, inner shorter. Connective prolonged ;
anther-cells septate. Ovaries b-1, strigose, 2-ovuled (6-oviiled, Maingay). Carpels
^-1 in., many-seeded ; stalk short, thick.
4. X. obtusifolia, H.f. S T. ; leaves oblong obtuse or retuse glabrous
and shining above brown-silky beneath, cymes subracemose, sepals acute
united to the middle.
Malacca, Griffith.
A tree ; branches glabrous ; buds rather silky. Leaves 2-3 by I-I4 in., coriaceous,
base acute ; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers like those of X. malayana in shape and size,
brown-silky. Cymes i-4 in. ; pedicels ^ in., rather silky, with a median and basal
bracteole. Ovules 4-5.
5. X. fusca, Maingay rriss. ; branches glabrous, leaves small elliptic- or
linear-oblong obtuse coriaceous glabrous, nerves faint reticulate, flowers
g2
84 IV. ANONACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) {Xylopia,
solitary racemed or fascicled, pedicel and subentire calyx rarely pubescent,
petals brown-silky, ovaries 4-5.
Malacca, Main gay.
A tree ; branches rather stout black, tips and very young leaves silky, shining.
Leaves 2-3 by f-1 in., base acute, opaque above, rather darker beneath, midrib
sometimes puberulous ; petiole J in., stout. Flowers f in., pendent ; peduncle ^1 in.,
stout, curved; bracts few, minute, pedicels short, stout, ebracteolate. Petals shining;
outer linear from a rather broader base, concave ; inner rather shorter, narrower, 3-
gonous, base excavated. Top of connective oblong ; anther-cells not septate, lateral.
Ovaries cohering in a cone on the slightly concave torus, golden silky ; style short,
subulate ; ovides 10-12, 2-seriate.
6. X. mag'na. Maingay mss. ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse or
acute glabrous above softly pubescent beneath coriaceous, flowers solitary or
racemes terminal, sepals united beyond the middle, carpels obliquely ovoid
or obovoid compressed puberulous.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ; branches black, glabrous, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2^ in.,
base obtuse or rounded, thick, above dull, beneath very opaque, brown, nerves faint ;
petiole ^^-^ in. Flowers 5 in. long, white, slender; peduncles very short. Sepals
united into a broad acutely-lobed cup, ferruginous. Petals hoary, subequal ; outer very
narrow, subulate, flat ; inner more slender, base concave. Torus concave. Anthers
rose-coloured, slender, cells septate, tip orbicular. Ovaries strigose ; style slender,
Btigma hairy; crvules 4. Carpels 1^ in., walls thick; stalk very short; torus \ in.
diam. Seeds about 4, superposed, arillate, testa osseous.
Sect. II. Euzylopia. T(yrus much hollowed, bearing the stamens
outside and enclosing the ovaries.
7. X. parvifolia, //. /. d' T. Fl. Ind. 125 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
acuminate glabrous shining above pale beneath, nedicels fascicled clothed
with bracteoles, sepals united to the middle, cari)els obovoid or oblong sub-
sessile pubescent. Thwaites Enum. 9 ; Beddoine Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 43. Pa-
tonia parvifolia, Wight III. 19.
Southern parts of Ceylon.
A tree ; young branches brown-pubescent. Leaves 2-3 by f-l| in., coriaceous, base
acute ; petiole ^ in. Flowers ^ in. long, in axillary 3-5 flowered subsessile fascicles,
pubescence brown appressed ; pedicels very short ; bracteoles orbicular, the upper close
to the calyx. Sepals acute. Ovaries 5, 4-6-ovuled. Carpels 1-1^ in. Seeds oblong,
smooth; imbedded in pulp (arillate?). — {Patorda Walkeri, Wight 111. I.e., is a species
of Diospyros.)
8. ^. nigricans, II. /. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves broad lanceolate
obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above pale beneath, peduncles 2-3
together axillary, bracteoles 2-3 deciduous, sepals free, carpels as in X. par-
vifolia. Thwaiies Enum. 9, 398 ; Beddome Ic* Fl. Ind. Or. t. 44.
Ceylon ; at Trincomalee, Glenie; and in the Doombera district, Thwaiies.
A tree; branches glabrous ; young puberulous. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1^ in., thin, coria-
ceous, base acute ; petiole \ in. Flowers ^ in. long, pubescence ochreous, appressed ;
pedicels ^-| in., short, slender, downy. Ovaries 5, about 4-ovuled.
9. X. Championii, H.f. & T.Fl. Ind. 126 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate acuminate pcUucid-dotted glabrous and shining above puberulous
beneath, peduncles solitary, sepals united almost to the tips, carpels oblong
5-ribbed short-stalked. Ihwaites Enum. 9 ; Beddoine Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 45.
^lopiaJ] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 65
Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Eatnapoora districts, Gardner, &c.
A tree ; branches slender, glabrous ; buds rather silky. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1| in., thin,
coriaceous, base acute, pale beneath ; petiole ^-| in. Flowers 1 in. long, pale ochreous
or reddish, tomentose, triquetrous, broader than in its congeners ; pedicels ^ in., brown-
silky ; bracteoles 2-3, minute, basal. Calyx slightly 3-lobed. Petals triquetrous above ;
inner narrower, one-third shorter. Ovary solitary, 4-ovuied. Cartels 1| in. Seeds
enveloped in pulp.
10. X. caudata, R.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves oblong or lanceolate
long obtusely acuminate tip mucronate glabrous except the midrib above
silky beneath, peduncles 1-3 very short axillary bracteolate at the base and
under the calyx, sepals connate at the base, carpels subglobose or ovoid pu-
bescent short-stalked. Guatteria 1 caudata, Wall. Cat. 6452.
Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith.
A small leaved, much branched shrub, or small tree; branchlets hoary. Leaves
1^-3^ by |-1 in., thin, coriaceous, pellucid-punctate, grey beneath; petioje jV i^-
Flowers l-^ in, long, subsessile. Sepals hoary. Petals silky, about equal in length,
very slender. Ovaries 2, silky hairy, 2-ovuled ; styles long, clavate, glabrous, exserted.
Carpels 2-3, 4 in., 2-seeded.
11. X. pustulata, H.f. <&; T. ; branches pustulate, leaves small elliptic
glabrous tip narrowed obtuse dark beneath, nerves faint, peduncles solitary
or geminate very short, sepals united to the middle.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ? ; branches pale, minutely white-dotted, glabrous. Leaves 1-2 by |-1 in.,
base acute, coriaceous, thick, hardly shining above with obscure veins, reddish-brown
and reticulated beneath, nerves and venules all alike ; petiole ^ in. Flowers 4 in.
long, many, axillary, pendent ; bracts basal, orbicular, ciiiate, deciduous ; buds obtuse.
Sepals short, ovate, subacute, rusty-pubescent. Petals densely appressed pubescent ;
outer linear from a rather broader concave base, obtuse ; inner much narrower, rather
shorter, trigonous with a broader excavated base. Stamens outside the torus, linear;
anther-cells long, septate, top of connective rounded. Ovaries 5-8, sunk in the concave
top of the torus, strigose ; style slender, clavate ; ovules several.
12. X. niaing-ayi, //./. (b T. ; branches rusty-pubescent, leaves small
elliptic or elliptic-oblong glabrous subacute or obtusely acuminate, nerves
very finely reticulate, flowers solitary, peduncles very short and calyx rusty-
tomentose, buds hooked, ovaries many.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ; branches minutely white-dotted. Leaves 2-3 by 1-lJ in., base subacute,
coriaceous, pale above, darker beneath, nerves very slender reticulate on both surfaces ;
petiole slender, \-\ in. Flowers 1-1 4 in. long, pendent, pale-orange ; peduncle very
short, stout, curved, and calyx rusty- tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, orbicular, persistent.
Sepals connate to the middle. Outer petals flat, very narrow, subacute, base concave,
silky tomentose ; inner as long, very narrow, 3-gonous, base excavated. Anther-cells
septate, tip of connective rose-coloured, rounded. Ovaries about 9, immersed in the
torus, style glabrate ; ovules 6.
13. X. dicarpa, H.f. ch T. ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate
obtuse or obtusely acuminate glabrous, nerves very finely reticulate, flowers
solitary or geminate, pedicels short and calyx glabrous, sepals connate to the
middle, ovaries 2.
Singapore, Maingay,
A tree?; branches dark, minutely dotted. Leaves 3-4J by 1|-1| in., base acute,
firm, coriaceous ; nerves oblique, finely reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole \ in.
Flowers 14 in., pendent, peduncle very stout; bracteoles 1-3, orbicular, amplexicaul.
Sepals obtuse, tubercled. Petals hoary, outer narrow from a rather broader base,
86 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Xylopia,
concave ; inner narrower, 3-gonous. Stamens many, inner imperfect ; anther-cells sep-
tate ; tip of connective rounded. Ovary sunk in the torus, pilose ; style short ; ovulea
many.
14. X. elliptica, MaingayTms. ; branches glabrous, leaves small elliptic
obtuse membranous glabrous, tip rounded, nerves faint reticulate, flowers
small solitary erect pubescent, sepals subacute united to the middle, ovaries
1-3.
Malacca, Maingay.
A lofty tree ; trunk thick ; branches glabrous, almost black ; branchlets pubescent.
Leaves 1^-2 by 1:^-1 4 in., base obtuse or acute, pale on both surfaces, browner beneath ;
petiole \ in., puberulous. Flowers 4-f in., slender; peduncle half as long or shorter,
and calyx rusty-pubescent ; bratcs metlian, minute. Petals pale brown-tomentose ;
outer linear subulate, from a rather broad base, concave ; inner trigonous, base exca-
vated. /Stamens minute. Ovaries sunk in the deeply urceolate torus, hidden amongst
long white hairs ; ovules 4-6.
19. MZX.ZUSA, Leschenault.
Trees or shrubs. Flowers 1-2-sexual. green or red, axillary or extra-
axillary, solitary fascicled or cymose. SejxiU 3, small, valvate. Petals 6,
valvate in 2 series; outer smaller, like the sepals; inner cohering when
young by the margins, at length free. Torus elongated, cylindric. Stamens
definite or indefinite; anthers subdidymous ; cells contiguous, ovoid, ex-
trorse ; connective hardly apiculate. Ovaries indefinite, linear-oblong ;
style oblong or very short ; ovules 1-2. rarely 3-4. Ripe carjjtls globose or
oblong, 1- many-seeded. — Distrib. Species 7 ; aU Indian.
1. XMC. mlicrocarpa, //. /. d^ T. Fl. Ind. 150; leaves lanceolate or
narrow-oblong long-acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers bisexual ?
solitary or in leafy cymes, sepals and outer petals large ovate ^ in., carpels
glabrous long-stalked.
SiKKiM-HiMALAYA ; KiiAsiA mLL8, Simons.
A small tree ; branches glabrous. Leaves 4-9 by 1^-2^ in., thin, coriaceouR, pale
beneath ; petiole j^-^ in. Flowers subterminal or leaf-opposed ; ])eduncle 2-3 in., clavate
upwards. Outer petals o\&te, glabrous, granulate outside, edges and inside appressed-
pubescent ; inner § in., lengthening much after expansion, glabrous, ciiiate. Ovaries
oblong, silky ; style oblong, glabrous ; ovules 1-2. Carpels 1 in., dark-purple, fleshy ;
stalk as long, 1 -seeded, or 2-seeded and twice as broad. — Differs from its congeners in
the large sepals and outer petals ; inner petals very small in bud.
2. M. indica, Lesch. in A. DC. Mem. Soc, Genev. v. 36 ; leaves ovate or
ovate-cordate obtuse or lanceolate and acute or acuminate glabrous or pubes-
cent beneath, flowers 2-sexual axillary solitary, inner petals oblong subacute,
carpels pisiform subsessile. W. d' A. Frodr. 10 ; Wall. Cat. 6433 ; //. /. d:
T. Fl. Ind. 148 ; Beddome Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 85. M. montana, Gardner ex
Fl. Ind. I.e. ; Thwaites Enum. 4; Beddome I.e. t. 84.
Malabar, Maisor, and Ceylon, in the Central Province, Gardner.
A much branched very variable shrub ; branches strigose, tomentose or glabrate.
Leaves 1-2^ by %-\\ in., base generally oblique, coriaceous ; petiole obsolete. Flowers
greenish, pnrple near the base ; pedicel ^-| in., " slender ; bracteoles several, basal.
Outer petals G({uaX\vag or 2-3 times exceeding the oblong subacute inner. Ovaries
1-2-ovuled.
Var, 1. tomentosa ; branchlets and leaves beneath tomentose, carpels pubescent.
Var. 2. strigose; branchlets and leaves beneath strigose, carpels glabrous.
Yab. 3. montana; branchlets and much smaller leaves glabrous.
Miliusa.] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 87
3. Hfl. zeylanica, Gard. ex H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 149 ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate young puberulous beneath, flowers
2-sexual axillary solitary, inner petals narrow oblong taper-pointed, carpels
pisiform subsessile. Thwaites Enum. 61 ; Beddome Ic. Fl. Fid. Or. t. 89.
Ceylon ; southern parts of the Island, Walker, &c.
A small tree; branches rugose, young strigose or downy. . Leaves 2-4 by l-\\ i^-»
coriaceous, rigid, base somewhat oblique rounded or retuse, midrib downy above, when
old glabrous on both surfaces; petiole iV-^ in., strigose. Flowers |-1 in. long;
peduncle short, downy ; bracteoles several, basal. Sepals and outer petals oblong,
hardly acute, softly ciliate ; inner petals narrow-oblong, greenish-yellow, base purple. — •
Closely allied to M. indica; but leaves longer and petals narrower.
4. VfL, Wig-htiana, H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 149 ; leaves narrow-oblong or
oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, shining above, flowers poly-
gamous axillary, inner petals oblong subacute, carpels pisiform or oblong
glabrous granulate. Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 86.
Hill forests of Tinivelly and Travancor, Wight, &c.
A small tree, bark rough ; branches glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by §-1 in., thin, coria-
ceous, pale beneath; petiole ^^ in. Flowers like those of M. indica; peduncles
1-2 in., slender ; bracteoles 1-2, minute, basal. Ovaries 1-2-ovuled. Carpels 1-2-
seeded ; stalks as long or longer.
5. DX. Roxburg'hiana, H. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 150 ; leaves oblong or
oblong-lanceolate abruptly acuminate shining above glabrous or tomentose
beneath, flowers 1-3 together dioecious axillary, inner petals ovate obtuse,
carpels ovoid or pisiform and glabrous. M. Wallichiana, H. f. S T. I.e. 149.
Uvaria dioica, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 659. Guatteria globosa, A. DC. Mem. Boc.
Genev. v. 43 ; Wall. Cat. 6448. Hyalostemma Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat,
6434 ; Gi^iff. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. iv. t. 653.
SiKKiM, Assam, and the Khasia hills to Tenasserim.
A small tree ; branches softly pubescent ; leaves beneath pedicels and calyx glabl*ou8
or densely pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, lower on the branch
smaller, subobtuse ; petiole obsolete. Pedicels ^-14 in-) sometimes on a short peduncle,
slender ; bracts several, linear. Sepals lanceolate. Inner petals 1 in., ovate, obtuse,
blood-red, veins dark. Carpels 1- rarely 2-seeded; stalk % in.
6. IMC. velutina, H.f. <h T. Fl. Ind. 151 ; leaves ovate or oblong acute
or acuminate tomentose on both surfaces, flowers 2-sexual subracemose, inner
petals ovate, carpels ovoid downy short-stalked. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or,
t. 87. Uvaria velutina, Dunal Anon. 91. U. villosa, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 664.
Guatteria velutina, A. DC. Mem. Sac. Genev. v. 42 ; Wall. Cat. 6441.
Garwhal, Behar, Malwah, Orissa, Malabar, and Pegu.
A large tree; yovmg branches densely tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in., lower on
the branches smaller and often obtuse, base obliquely cordate ; petiole -^-^ in. Flowers
3-6, in leaf-opposed cymes or in short few-leaved branches; pedicels 2-4 in., slender,
tomentose ; bracts minute, basal deciduous. Sepals and outer petals small, ovate ;
inner petals \ in., ovate, dark brown, glabrous inside. Carpels size of a cherry.
^ 7. IMC. nilag'irica, Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 88 ; leaves lanceolate
linear-lanceolate or elliptic taper- pointed glabrous, peduncles axillary gla-
brous,^! inner petals broadly ovate-lanceolate, stamens 8 1-seriate, carpels
pisiform glabrous.
Northern slopes of the Nilgiris, alt. 5000 ft., Beddome.
A large shrub; branches glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by |-1| in., narrowed and obtusely
pointed at both ends, coriaceous; petiole \-^ in. Flowers | in. long; peduncles
88 IV. ANONACE-s;. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [M'dmsa.
^-1 in.; bracteoles 2-3, basal. Sepals find, outer petals subequal, ciliate; inner petals
glabrous except tbe thickened margin near the tip. Ovaries about 13, glabrous ; style
oblong or globose ; ovules 1-2. Carpels pisiform ; stalks ^-^ in.
20. SACCOFETAZiUM, Bennett.
Trees. Leaves deciduous. Flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled. Sepals
3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer small, like the sepals ;
inner much larger, erect or conniving, base saccate. Staim'ns indefinite ;
anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; connective produced into a conspicnous
appendage. Ovaries indefinite ; ovules 6 or more. Rij^e carpels subglo-
bose.— DiSTRiB. Species 5, Eastern Asiatic, with one Australian. — Reduced
to Miliusa by Baillon (Hist, des Plantes, 244).
1. S. long-iflorum, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 151 ; leaves ovate-oblong or
oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above appressed pubescent beneath,
peduncles very short solitary in the old axils, inner petals oblong-lanceolate,
carpels glabrous.
Eastern Bengal, near Pumeah, Hamilton.
A tree ; branchlets puberulous. Leaves 8 by 3 in,, thin, coriaceous, appressed-pnbes-
cent beneath ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles \ in. ; downy. S<pals and outer petals J in.,
oblong ; inner petals 1 1 in,, tapering to an obtuse point, thin, downy, base subsaccate.
Carpels 1-1^ in. diam., berried, black ; stalk ^ in.
2. S. toznentosum, //./. d- T. Fl, Ind. 152 ; leaves ovate or ovate-
oblong acute glabrous above except the midrib pubescent or tomentose
beneath, flowers cymose, peduncles long, inner petals oblong obtuse. Bed-
dome Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 49. Uvaria tomentosa, Roxb. Cor. Fl. i. t. 35 ;
Fl. Ind. ii. 667 ; Wall. Cat. 6472 ; W. dc A. Prodr. 8.
Terai of Nepal at Gorakpore, OaissA, and Behab, from the Concaji to
Travancor.
A large tree; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 24-3 in., sometimes glabrous
■when old, base obliquely cordiite, pale beneath ; petiole | in. Floxoers few, in leaf-
opposed or subterminal cymes, appearing with the leaves in short leafy branches ;
peduncles 2-3 in., slender, downy. Sepals and outer petals ^ in. ; inner petals § in.,
oblong, obtuse, downy. Carpels 1 in. diam,, purple, 3-4-seeded ; stalk ^ in. — Inter-
mediate between Miliusa and Saccupetalum.
3? S. sclerocarpum, U.f.d: T.; leaves ovate or oblong obtuse or
obtusely acuminate glabrous.— Uvaria sclerocarpa, ^1. DC. in Mem. Genev.
v. 27 ; Wall Cat. 6461 ; //./. d T. Fl. Ind. 103.
Martaban,* Wallick.
A tree, branches glabrous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in,, thin, coriaceous, base a little
ciliate. Unripe ca/y>efe 4-§ i"-> ovoid, subacute, glabrous; stalks rather longer, — A
very imperfectly known plant ; certainly not a Uvaria.
21. AZ.PKONSEA, H. f. & T.
Lofty trees. Leaves thick, coriaceous, glabrous shining. Flowers small
or middle-sized, in leaf-opposed rarely extra-axillary peduncled fascicles.
Sq^ds 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series, larger than the sepals,
equal or the inner rather smaller. Torus cylindric or hemispheric. Stamens
indefinite, loosely packed ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; connective api-
culate. Ovaries 1 or more ; style oblong or depressed ; ovules 4-ti, in 2
Alp7wnsea.\ iv. anonace^e. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 89
series on the ventral suture. Carpels subsessile or stalked. — Distrib.
Species 3, all Indian. — Baillon Hist. 215, unites this genus with Bocagea.
1. A. ventricosa, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 152 ; leaves narrow-oblong long-
acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers in fascicled short racemes, pedi-
cels ^1 in. bracteolate at the base and middle, carpels tomentose long-
stalked.— Uvaria ventricosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 658 ; Wall. Cat. 6453.
Assam, Chittagong, Andamans, Penang.
A lofty tree; branches glabrous, young brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by 14-4 in.,
base rounded or subacute, young pubescent on the midrib, pale and conspicuously
veined beneath ; petiole \ in., puberulous. Mowers numerous, greenish-white, odorous ;
racemes tomentose; pedicels 4-1 in., with an ovate median and basal bracteole. /Sepals
small, broad ovate, connate below. Petals | in., ovate-oblong, brown-tomentose outside.
Ovaries about 10, villous ; style oblong. Carpels 1-1 4 in. diam. ; ovoid or subglobose ;
stalk nearly as long.
2. iL. lutea, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 153; leaves ovate-oblong glabrous ob-
tusely acuminate, flowers subcapitate, carpels tomentose subsessile. Thwaites
Enum. 399 ; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 91. Uvaria lutea, Roxb, Cor. PI. i.
t. 36; Fl. Ind. ii. 666 {not of Wall, nor W. <^ A), Uvaria Russellii, Wall.
Cat. 6464.
From SiLHET to Pegu, Beddome ; mountains of Orissa ; Ceylon, Keigam Corle,
Thwaites.
A tree ; young branches brown-pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in-, l>ase rounded,
pale and conspicuously nerved beneath with puberulous costa and nerves ; petiole
\-\ in., and midrib at first pubescent. Flowers in dense leaf-opposed fascicles ;
peduncle and very short pedicels densely brown-tomentose. Sepals orbicular. Petals
\ in., ovate, densely tomentose. Ovaries about 10, densely villous; style oblong.
Carpels I-I4 in., broad ovoid, obtuse at both ends; stalk very short.
3. A. zeylanica, H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 153 (incorrect as to fruit) ; leaves
lanceolate acute or long acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers few in
leaf-opposed or extra-axillary fascicles, carpels smooth, tomentose stalked.
Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 90. Uvaria lutea var. a, W. & A. Prodr. 8
{exd. syn.). Guatteria acutifolia, Wall. Cat. 6438 D.
Travancor, at Courtalam, Wight; Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 3-4000 ft..
Walker, &c.
A tree ; young branches downy. Leaves 2^-4 by §-1 in., tip rather obtuse, midrib
puberulous beneath when young; petiole ^-^ in., slender. Flowers yellow-green;
peduncle very short, tomentose ; pedicels \-\ in., pubescent ; bracteole small, basal.
Petals ^-| in., downy outside, glabrous within. Ovaries 5 ; style depressed. Carpels
1-1^ in. diam., subglobose ; stalk I-I4 in., stout.
4. A. sclerocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 11 ; leaves lanceolate obtuse gla-
brous, flowers fascicled on a very short extra-axillary peduncle, pedicels
short carpels bony warted subsessile tomentose.
Ceylon, at Haragam, &c., Thwaites.
A tree; branches glabrous ; buds brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-34 ^7 \~^h i^^-, ^^^^
acute, pale beneath; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers numerous, ochreous-yellow; pedicels
\ in., brown-pilose, with a basal and median bracteole. Sepals very small. Petals ^ in.,
hairy outside. Stamens 15, 2-3-seriate. Ovaries 3-5; style depressed. Carpels
1-2 in., yellow, ovoid or subglobose ; stalk short.
5. ,A. xnadraspatana, Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 92 ; leaves lanceo-
late elliptic-ovate or oblong obtuse, flowers fascicled on leaf-opposed
supra-axillary peduncles, carpels ovoid.
90 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) \Alphonsea,
By Btreams in Maisor and the Carnatic, Beddome. ^
An umbrageous tree. Leaves 34 bj \\ in., much reticulated beneath ; petioles J in.,
glabrous or puberulous. Flowers 1-6, bright yellow ; peduncles very short ; pedicels
^-4 in., puberulous; bracteole infra-median. Sepals small, ovate. Petals | in., puberu-
lous outside. Stamens 12, 2-8eriate. Ovaries 3-4; style subglobose, slightly curved ;
ovules about 8 ; 2 -seriate. Carpels yellow-tomentose.
6. A. ZHalng'ayi, H. f. <C' T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate ob-
tusely or subacutely acuminate shining above reticulate and pubescent
beneath, flowers solitary or in loose supra-axillary racemes, ripe carpels
very short-stalked tomentose.
Malacca, Maingay.
A middle eized or lofty tree ; branches black, young rusty-tomentose. Leave 3-7
by 14-24 in., base acute or rounded, hard, coriaceous, pale yellow-brown, rusty beneath,
petiole ^-\ in., rusty. Flowers | in. diam. ; peduncles -fj-H in- »ii<i very short pe-
dicels rusty-tomentose ; bracts small. Sepals ^V ^^- Outer petals ovate, recurved,
pubescent outside ; inner similar but rather smaller. Torun 6-aiigled. Filaments
broad short flebhy ; anther cells small, diverging below. /S'</<//«a sessile ; ovules about
20. Carpels 2 by 1 in., obtuse, smo«jth. Seeds many, smooth.
7. A. elliptlca, H.f.d; T. ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate acuminate
shining above glabrous reticulate, nerves very slender, flowers solitary or in
2-3-flowered racemes, peduncle short multibracteate.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree?; branches rugose, quite glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by li-lf in., tip acute or
obtuse, base acute, thin, coriaceous, nearly concolorous, nerves about 5 on a side,
venules reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole ^-\ in. Flowers § in. diam. ; peduncles
very short, bracts many short orbicular persistent; pedicels ^-^ i"-, slender, curved,
bracteoles minute, liiedian. Petals apprt-sscd-pubescent ; outer broad-ovate, re volute ;
inner rather smaller. Stamens imbricate in several series, apiculate; anther-cells
oblong. Ovaries linear-oblong, silky ; stigma subsessile ; ovules many, 2-8eriate.
22. OXIOPKSA, Blume.
Trees or shrubs. Flowers usually small, axillary solitary, fascicled or
cvmose. Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer ovate ; inner
clawed, cohering by their margins into a mitriform cap. Stamens definite,
6-12, ovoid, fleshy; anther-cells dorsal, large, contiguous. Ovaries 3-15;
style short or ; ovules 4. Ripe carpeh 1- or more-seeded (very long in
0. enterocarjm). — DiSTRiB. Species about 16 ; all Eastern Asiatic. — Interme-
diate between Miirephora and Bocagea, having the perianth of the former
and stamens of the latter.
1. O. uniflora, H. f. d' T. Fl. Inch 111; leaves elliptic-oblong or lan-
ceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles solitary axillary, stamens 12
2-seriate, carpels globose glabrous short-stalked. Btddoim Ic. PL hid. Or,
t 69.
Forests of Tbavancob at Courtalam, WigH.
A shrub or small tree ; branches glabrous ; buds pubescent. Leaves \\rl\ by \-\ in.,
thin, coriaceous, base acute, pale beneath ; petiole y'w in. Flowers solitary ; pedicels
^-4 in., slender ; bracteoles sevaral, minute, basal, and 1 median. Sepals minute, orbi-
cular, ciliate. Outer pttals J in,, ovate or orbicular, membrauouB, glabrate ; inner 4 in.,
trapezoid, tapering mto the narrow claw. Ovaries 6 ; ovules 2. Caipels 4 in, diam.,
brown-black.
2. O. zeylanioa, H. f. <k T. Fl. Ind. Ill ; leaves ovate or oblong
shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles solitary or fascicled
OropTiea,] TV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 91
axillary, stamens 6, carpels globose glabrous short-stalked. Thwaites Enum.
8 ; Beddorne Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 70.
Forests of Canara and Coorg, JStocJcs, &c. ; and Ceylon in the Central Province,
Thwaites.
A small tree or shnib ; branchlets yellow-pubescent. Leaves 2-34 ^J 1-1 1 i^-j ^^^^t
coriaceous, base suboblique rounded or retuse, young puberulous beneath ; petiole ^VtV ^^•
Mowers greenish-brown, ^ in. diam. ; peduncles 1-2 in., 1-4-flowered, slender, pubes-
cent ; peduncle with a basal bract. Sepals and outer petals orbicular, acute, veined,
downy ; inner petals larger, trapezoid, glabrous, margins pubescent. Ca/rpeU ^ in.diam.
3. O, Thomsoni, Beddome in\Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. ; Ic. Plant. Ind. Or.
t. 67 ; leaves qvate-oblong obtusely taper-pointed glabrous, peduncle axillary
■3-flowered strigose, stamens J 0-1 2 2-seriate, carpels pisiform.
Anamally forests, Travancor, alt. 1500-2000 ft., Beddome.
A small tree. Leaves I-I4 -2 by 1-lJ in., midrib beneath pubescent ; petiole
x^s~h ill- Peduncle and pedicels very short ; bracteoles minute basal. Sepals and outer
petals strigose ; inner pubescent, especially inside. Ovaries 5-6, hairy ; ovules 2.
4. O, erythrocarpa, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 5 ; Ic. PI. Ind.
Or. t. 68 ; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous above pubescent be-
neath, peduncles axillary or supra-axillary 3-4-flowered tomentose, stamens
12, 6 outer rather imperfect, carpels oblong.
Anamally forests in Travancor, alt. 1500-2500 ft., Beddome.
A middle sized tree ; branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves 2-3^ by 1-2 in., thin,
coriaceous, most pubescent on the midrib beneath ; petiole t5~^ in., pubescent. Flowers
very small ; peduncle 1 in., tomentose ; bracts many, minute, imbricate below the fruit
or 'flower ; pedicels with a linear basal and a supra-median bracteole. Sepals orbicular.
Outer petals ovate, acute, margins and outer surface pubescent ; inner \ in., claw gla-
brous, limb trapezoid hairy. Ovarits 6, densely strigose ; ovules 2. Carpels red. Seed
solitary, scrobiculate.
5. O. polycarpa, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 39 ; leaves ovate-oblong
or lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or supra-
axillary slender 1-3-flowered sparsely hairy, stamens 6, carpels pisiform
glabrous long-stalked. H. f. (& T. Fl. Ind. Ill; Wall. Oat 6431; Griffith
Ic. PI. Ind. Or. iv. t. 654.
Martabajj, Wallich; Andamans, Kurz.
A tree ? ; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves 4-5 by 1-1 1 in., thin, coriaceous,
points long, shiaing above ; petiole yV i^^- Peduncles 1-2 in., slender; bracts several,
small, remote, linear. Sepals ovate, acute, ciliate. Outer petals orbicular, ciliate ;
inner twice as laxge, tip and margins downy. Carpels 9-12 ; stalk nearly as long. —
■Our specimens have bud and fruit only.
6. O. acuminata, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. v, 39 ; leaves oblong or
lanceolate long and finely acuminate glabrous above softly pubescent on the
midrib and veins beneath, peduncle 1-3-llowered axillary or supra-axiUary
filender, stamens 6. H.f. d; T. Fl. Ind. 112 ; Wall. Cat. 6432.
Tenasserim, Wallich.
A tree ; branches slender, young densely pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 1-lf in., thin,
conspicuously reticulate beneath ; petiole -pj— ^ in., pubescent. Peduncles 1 in., pubes-
cent; bracts several, subulate, hairy. Sepals minute, ovate-lanceolate, densely hairy.
Outer petals small, ovate, thin, hairy; inner as in 0. zeylanica. Ovaries 6, densely
strigose ; ovules 2.
7. O. Brandisil, H. f. & T. ; leaves obovate-lanceolate tapering to a
very slender point glabrous above hairy beneath, peduncles 2-3-flowered
supra-axillary slender, stamens 12, 3 fertile and 9 imperfect.
92 IV. ANONACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Orophea,
Martaban and Pegu, Brandts; Pegu, Kurz.
Branches softly brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., thin, point very slender,
base narrow rounded or subcordate ; petiole -^ in., hairy. Flowers f in. diam. ; pe-
duncles 1-1^ in., pubescent; bract solitary basal. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, taper-
pointed, softly hairy. Outer petals \\n., ov2iiQ, tomentose, veined on both surfaces;
inner | in., claw long narrow, limb subclavate thickened, slightly hairy, compressed,
grooved in front. Anther-cells large, obtusely apiculate. Ovaries 6, oblong, softly
villous with white hairs ; style oblong, glabrous ; ovule 1 on the ventral suture.
8. O. enterocarpa, Mainr/oT/ mss. ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or
oblong lanceolate caudate-acuminate membranous, peduncles filiform supra-
axillary, carpels very slender subtorulose.
Malacca, very rare, Maingay.
A tree ; branchlets slender, black. Leaves 2-44 by \-\\ in., base acute or rounded,
very thin, nerves slender; petiole y\ in. Flowers ^ in. diam., nodding; peduncle
\-\ in., 1-flowered; bracteole minute. Sepals minute. Outer petals ovate, acute,
pubescent; inner as long, silky, claws equalling the conical cap. Stamens 6, with 6 sta-
minodes. Ovaries about 6, cylindric, 2-4-ovuled, hirsute. Carpels 4-6, 3-5 by ^-^ in.,
red. Seeds 2-4, linear-oblong, l-seriate. — A very curious fruit.
23. BOCAGEA, St. Hilaire.
Trees. Leaves shining, and branches glabrous. Flowers small, terminal
axillary or fascicled on woody tubercles, 1-2-sexual. Sejxds orbicular or
ovate, imbricate. Petals 6, imbricate in 2-series, nearly equal, usually orbi-
cular, concjive. Stamens ^--21, imbricate in 2 or more series, broadly oblong
thick, fleshy ; anther-cells dorsal, oblong ;, connective produced. Ov tries
3-6 ; style short, stigma obtuse or capitate ovules 1 or 2-8 on the ventral
suture. Bipe carpels globose, stalked. — Disteib. jSpecies about 12, tropical
Asiatic and American.
1. B. elliptica, //. /. <b T. ; leaves narrow-oblong obtuse or acute,
flowers monoecious, sepals ciliate, stamens 12-18, ovaries 3. Uvaria ellip-
tica, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. (Jenev. v. 27 ; Wall. Cat. 6470, 7421. Sagersea
elliptica, //./. cC- T. Fl. I ml. 93. Diospyros] frondosa, Wall. Cat. 4125.
Tenasserim to Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay.
A tree; young branches angular. Leaves 8-12 by 24-4 in., thick, coriaceous, base
acute obtuse rounded or cordate, nerves spreading; petiole ^-^ in. Flcncers axillary
and solitary or fascicled on cauline tubercles, small, red, "monoecious," Maingay ; pedi-
cels \ in., bracteoles several, basal, and 1 orbicular median. Sejjals glabrous. Petals
\ in. long, ovoid, ciliate. Connective subquadrate, anthers extrorse, Maingay. Ovaries
glabrous, ovules about 8. Carpels 1 in. diam., globose, smooth, several seeded ; stalk
very short.
2. B. Thwaitesii, U.f. d- T. ; leaves narrow-oblong obtuse, flowers
fascicled on the large branches 2-sexual, sepals glabrous, stamens about 21,
ovaries 3, stigma 2-lobed. Sageraea Thwaitesii, H. f. & T. FL Ind. 94 ;
Thwaites Enum. 6 ; Beddome Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 41.
Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, Thwaites.
A tree. Leaves 8-12 by 3-44 in., thick, coriaceous, base rounded, pale beneath ;
petiole ^-^ in. Flowers pale orange ; pedicels 2-4 in. ; bracteoles minute, basal. Sepals
short, very obtuse. Petals ^ in., orbicular, glabrous, outer larger. Stamens reddish.
Carpels 1 in. diam., subsessile.
3. S. Dalzellii, H. f. tk T. ; leaves narrow oblong acute or obtuse,
flowers 2-sexual in fascicles of 1-15 on woody tubercles, stamens 12-18>
Bocagea.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 93
ovaries 3-5, stigma entire. Guatteria laurifolia, Graham Cat. Bombay PI. 4.
Sagerasa laurina, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Joiirn. Bot. iii. 207 ; Bombay Ftor. 2 ;
H. f. <h T. Fl Ind. 93. S. Dalzelli, Beddome Ic. PI Ind. Or. t. 42.
Forests of the Concan, Graliam ; and Travancor, Beddome.
A middle-sized tree. Leaves 5-9 by 1^-2 in., thick, coriaceous, base acute or
rounded; petiole ^ in. Flowers crowded, white; pedicels |^-^ in. ; bracteoles several,
scaly, basal. Sepals orbicular. Petals 4 in-, broad-ovate. Outer stamens sometimes
without anthers. Bipe carpels 1 in. diam., globose, glabrous, subsessile.
4. B. coriacea, H.f.^T. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acute or subacute,
flowers 1-3 2-sexual, stamens 9, ovaries 1-2. Orophea coriacea, Thwaites
Enum. 8 ; Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 71.
Ceylox, Central Province, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. ^ '
A middle-sized tree. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2^ in., thick, coriaceous, base rounded, dark
green above, pale beneath ; petiole yV"^ ^'^- Flowers \ in. diam., terminal in cauline
pedicels \ in., bracteoles basal, strigose. Sepals minute, deltoid, ciliate. Petals orbi-
cular, outer pui-ple outside, orange- brown inside; inner connivent, dark purple.
Ovaries 2-ovuIed. Carpels \ in. diam., obliquely subglobose, glabrous, subsessile. —
We remove this and the following from Orophea to Bocagea on account of the habit
and apparently imbricate outer petals ; the inner petals have no claws.
5. B. obliqua, H. f. & T, ; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute or acumi-
nate, flowers 1-3 together 2-sexual terminal or cauline, pedicels very short,
stamens 6 in 2 series, ovaries 3. Orophea ? obliqua, PL. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 112 ;
Thwaites Enum. 8 ; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 72.
Ceyi.on, in the Galle and Ratnapoora districts, Gardner, &c.
A middle-sized tree. Leaves 4-5 by \\-2 in., coriaceous, base oblique, pale beneath ;
petiole -^ in. Flowers minute, purple. Sepals ciliate. Petals orbicular, outer
spreading, inner connivent (imbricate or subvalvate, Thw.) Ovaries 2-ovuled, stigmas
depressed. Cartels ^ in. diam., red-brown.
24. KINGSTONIA, H. f. & T.
A tree. Flowers fascicled on cauline tubercles, 2-sexual. Sepals 3, bases
connate ovate, acute persistent. Petals 6 ; outer ovate, valvate ; inner
smaller, oblong, imbricate. Stamens about 12, filaments half the length of
the extrorse anther-cells ; connective obliquely truncate. Ovary 1 ; stigma
sessile peltate, crenate ; ovules few. Ripe carpel globose. Seeds several,
2-seriate.
1. KL. nervosa, H. f. <& T, ; leaves elliptic or linear-oblong acuminate
glabrous or puberulous on the nerves beneath.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches woody, young rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3 in., base rounded, thin,
coriaceous, opaque; nerves many oblique strong; petiole ^ in., pubescent. Flowers
\ in. long, in fascicles of 8-10; peduncles ^-4 in., slender, rusty-pubescent; bracts
small orbicular, basal, imbricate. Sejmls x^ in., ferruginous. Petals ashy-pubescent,
subacute ; inner one-third smaller. Carpels 1 in. diam., on stout woody peduncles,
densely rusty-tomentose : walls very thick. — Differs from Bocagea in the valvate not
orbicular outer petals, smaller inner, solitary carpel, and pubescent branches.
25. Z.ONCKOBIBRA, H. f. & T.
A tree. Leaves shining. Flowers small, in axillary fascicles. Sepals 3,
broad-ovate, acute. Petals 6, in 2 series j outer lanceolate, flat, spreading,
94 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. <fe Thoms.) . [LonchoTnera.
valvate ; inner smaller andbroader. Stamens 8-12, loosely imbricate, broadly
cuneate, thick ; anther-cells lateral, introrse. Torm small, slightly concave,
pubescent. Ovary solitary, glabrous, sessile, contracted into a very short
style, stigma subcapitate ; ovules 2, superposed. " Rij^e carpels elliptic, api-
culate, succulent, glabrous, 2-seeded. Seeds plano-conVex ; testa osseous."
Maingay.
1. Zi. leptopoda, H. f. <& T.; leaves oblong or elliptic obtusely acumi-
nate or acute, i
Malacca, Maingay.
A middle-sized tree; brandies black, young granulate. Leaves 2\-\ by I-I4 in.,
concolorous, hardly shining, thin, coriaceous, base rounded or acute, reticulate on both
surfaces, nerves very slender, subhorizontal ; petiole \ in., slender, naked. Flowers
4 in. long ; peduncles 2-6, 4-i '"•) hoary ; bracts small, basal, obtuse. Sepals connate
below, tomentose. Petals tomentose on both surfaces, inner like the outer but one-
third shorter and much broader. Ovary ovoid. — The fruits enclosed in a cover with the
specimens do not accord with Maingay's character (see Genus), they are 14-li in-
long, elliptic-ovoid, top rounded, base rather contracted, walls obscurely wartcd. Seed
oblong-cylindric, apparently enclosed in a dry aril which adheres vertically to one side
of the cavity ; albumen horny, slightly ruminated ; embryo half the length of the seed,
cotyledons linear-oblong, thin ; radicle cyUndric, 4 the length of the cotyledons.
Order V. MENISPERMACE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Climbing or twining rarely sarmentose shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire
or lobed, usually palminerved ; stipules 0. Flowers sma\l or minute, soli-
tary fascicled cymose or racetned, dioecious, vsometimes 3-bracteolate. Sepals
6 (rarely 1-4, or 9-12), usually free, imbricate in 2-4 series, outer often
minute. Petals 6 (rarely or 1-5), free or connate. (^ Flowers : Stamens
hyi^ogynous, usually one opposite each petal, filaments free or connate ;
anthers free or connate, 2-celIed. Ji fifiimefitary carpels smaW or 0. ? Flowers:
Staminocks 6 or 0. Ovaries 3 (rarely 1, or 6-12) ; style terminal, simple or
divided ; ovules solitary (2 in Fihraiirea), usually amphitropous. Pipe
carpels drupaceous, with the style-scar subterminal, or by excentric growth
subbasal. Seed usually hooked or reniform, often curved round an intru-
sion of the endocarp {condyle Miers), albumen even or ruminate or ; coty-
ledons flat or semiterete, foliaceous or fleshy, appressed or spreading. — A
large tropical Order ; genera 32 ; species about 100.
In this Order we adhere to the classification of the genera, and limitation of the spe-
cies, adopted in our Flora Indica (1855), at variance as these are with our friend Mr.
Miers' views (Contributions to Botany, lii., 1871); this we do after the careful exa-
mination of the Order by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant. 1862), a further study of
the Indian species by one of us in their native jungles and in the Calcutta Botanic
Garden, and a review of Eichler's valuable monograph of the Brazilian species in
Martins' Flora Brasiliensis (1864). The divergence between Mr. Miers' conclusions and
our own amounts to his adopting for the Indian plants of the Order, 6 tribes, 26 genera,
and upwards of 90 species, as against our 4 tribes, 19 genera, and 35 species. We are
far from affirming that a few of our 35 species may not embrace two or more, but
we find no evidence of this in the materials upon which Mr. Miers and ourselves have
worked.
Tribe I. Tlnosporeae. Flowers 3-raerous. Ovanes usually 3. Drupes
with a subterminal rarely ventral or subbasal style-scar. Seed oblong or
subglobose ; albumen copious or scanty; cotyledons foliaceous, usually
spreading laterally.
V. MENisPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 95
* Drapes with a terminal or subterminal style-scar.
Sepals 12 ; filaments connate 1. Aspidocabya.
Sepals 6 ; filaments connate 2. Parab^na.
Sepals 6 ; petals 6 ; filaments free 3. Tinospoba.
Sepals 9 ; petals 6 ; filaments free 4. Tinomiscium.
Sepals 6 ; petals ; filaments free 5. Fibeaurea.
* Drupes with a subbasal style-scar.
Sepals 6 ; filaments all connate 6. Anamirta.
Sepals 9 ; outer filaments free 7. Coscinium.
Teibe II. Cocculeae. Flowers 3-merous. Ovaries usually 3. Drupe
with a subbasal rarely subterminal style-scar. Seed horse-shoe shaped,
albumen copious ; embryo slender, cotyledons linear or slightly dilated.
Petals 6, minute ; ovaries 3-12 ; style subulate 8. Tiliacora.
Petals 5-8 ; ovaries 3 ; styles compressed 9. Limacia.
Petals 6 ; ovaries 3-6 ; styles subulate 10. Cocculus.
Petals 6 ; ovaries 3; styles forked 11. Pericampylus.
Tribe III. Clssampelldeae. Flowers 3-5-merous. Ovaries usually
solitary. Drupe with a subbasal style-scar ; endocarp dorsally muricate or
echinate. Seed horse-shoe shaped, albumen scanty ; embryo linear, cotyle-
dons appressed.
Sepals 6-10, free; petals of ^ and ? 3-5 free 12. Stephania.
Sepals 4, free; petals of <? 4 connate, of ? 1 13. Cissampelos.
Sepals 4-8, connate ; petals of S 4-8 connate, of ? 1 . . .14. Cyclea.
Sepals 4-8, connate; petals of <J 0, of ? 2 saccate .... 15. Lophophyllum.
Tribe IV. Pachygroneae. Flowers usually 3-merous. Ovaries usually
3. Drupes with a subbasal or ventral style-scar. Seed curved hooked or
inflexed, albumen ; cotyledons thick fleshy.
Sepals, petals and stamens, 6 each 16. Pachygone. -
Sepals and petals 6 each ; stamens 9 17. Pycnarrhena.
Sepals 9-12 ; petals and stamens 6 each 18. H^matocarpus.
Sepals 8 ; petals 2 ; stamens 4 19. Antitaxis. '
1. ASFIDOCARITA, H. f. & T.
A climber. Flowers in slender panicles. Sepals 12, 2-4-seriate, inner
broader. Petals 6, short, cuneate. Male fl. : Anthers 6, encircling the
top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. Female fl. : Stami-
nodes 6, 'clavate. Ovaries 3 ; stigmas subcapitate. Drwpes dorsally com-
pressed, style-scar terminal ; endocarp much compressed, keeled dorsally,
not intruded,' margins winged, toothed. /S'eec? oblong, flat; cotyledons folia-
ceous, base divaricate, then parallel.
1. A. uvifera, H.f. & T.Fl. Ind. 180; leaves subpeltate ovate-cordate,
Miers Contrib. iii. 58, t. 99.
Subtropical forests of Sikkim, alt. 1-5000 ft., R. f. & T.
Branches slender, terete. Leaves 4-6 by 3-6 in., long-acuminate, tip obtuse, base
sometimes subsagittate, nerves beneath hairy; petiole 3-4 in., cylindric. Panicles
4-8 in., pubescent. Sepals greenish, ciliate. Petals concave. Drupes |-1 in. ; en-
docarp woody, fragile.
2. PARABJENA, Miers.
A climber, juice milky. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes. Se^mls 6,
subequal. Petals much smaller. Male fl. : Anthers 6, horizontal, encircling
96 V. MENISPERMACEJE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Parabana,
the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. Female fl. : Stami-
nodes 6, cylindric- Ovaries 3 ; styles subulate, recurved. Drupes ovoid, style-
scar subterminal ; endocarp subglobose, dorsally spinulose, vent rally con-
cave. Seed pitted, curved, ventrally concave ; cotyledons f oliaacous, ovate,
spreading.
1, P. sagrittata, 3fie7's Coni?ih, iii. 57, t. 98 ; leaves cordate or sagit-
tate obtusely acuminate. //./. d' T. FL Ind. 181. P. oleracea, petero-
phylla and ferruginea, Miers in Taijl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 39. Cissampelos
sagittata. Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4983. C. oleracea, Wall. Cat. 4984.
Tropical forests from Nipal and the Khasia hills, to Ava and Chittagono.
Glabrous pubescent or softly tomentose ; branchlets grooved. Leaves 2-8 by 2-4 in.,
5-7-nerved, young sinuate-toothed, older entire ; petiole 3-4 in. Cymes usually ge-
minate, many-flowered. Flowers minute. jSepaU subacute. Petals obovate-cuneate,
tip often 3-lobed. Drupes greenish.
3. TZNOSPOB.A, Miers.
Climbing shrubs. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles.
Sejxih 6, 2-seriate, inner larger membranous. Petals 6, smaller. Male fl. :
JStameMs 6, filaments free, tips thickened; anther-cells obliquely adnate,
bursting obliquely. Female fl. : iStaminodps 6, chivate. Ovaries 3 ; stigmas
forked. DrujKS 1-3, dorsally convex, ventrally flat ; style-scar subterminal ;
endocarp rugose, dorsally keeled, ventrally concave. Seed grooved ventrally
or curved round the intruded sub-2-lobed endocarp, albumen ventrally rumi-
nate ; cotyledons foliaceous, ovate, spreading.—DiSTiuu. Species about 8,
tropical Asiatic and African.
1. T. tomentosa, Miei-s Contrib. iii. 33 ; leaves orbicular-cordate, more
or less 3-lobed pubescent above tomentose beneath. //. /. d^ T. Fl. Ind.
183. Cocculus tomentosus, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. JSoc. xiii. 50 ; Wall. Cat.
4956. Menisp. tomentosum, Po.vb. FL Ind. iii. 813.
Tropical thickets in Bengal, Roxburgh, and Ava, Walfich.
Bark pustular ; shoots tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., tomentose on both surfaces ;
petiole as long. Eacemes usually simple, solitary or fascicled. Flowers fascicled in
the axils or deciduous bracts. Drupes pisiform, orange-yellow, endocarp tubercled.
2. T. xnalabarica, Miers Contrib. iii. 32 ; leaves ovate-cordate acumi-
nate pubescent above almost woolly beneath. //. / d' T. Fl. Ind. 183.
Menisp. malabaricum, Lamk. Cocculus malabaricus, DC. Prodr.i. 97; Wall.
CaL 4969 ; Plieede llort. Mai. vii. t. 19.
"Western Peninsula; Sikkim ; Khasia hills and Chtttagong.
Branchlets clothed with white hairs. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., 7-nerved ; petiole 4 in.,
terete, hairy. Racemes 3-6 in. ; flowers green. Drupes red. — Miers distinguishes the
Khasia and Chittagong specimens as var. scahridula.
3. T. crispa, Miers Contrib. iii. 34 ; leaves ovate-cordate or oblong
acuminate glabrous stamens adnate to the base of the petals, drupe elliptic-
oblong. //./. d' 2\ FL Lid. 183. Menisi erinum crispum, L. M. verrucosum,
Moxb. FL Did. iii. 808. M. tuberculatum, Lamk. Cocculus crispus, DC.
Prodr. i. 97. C. verrucosus, WaU. CaL 4966 A^ B.
From SiLHET and Assam to Pegu and Malacca. — Distrib. Malay Islands.
Barh warted ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-6 by 1-4 in., entire or repand, sometimes sub-
sagittate, basal lobes distant ; petiole 1-3 in. Racemes 4-8 in., on the old wood, solitary
or fascicled. Flowers 2-3 in the axils of ovate fleshy bracts, ^ in. loiig, green, campanulate
Tinospora.] V. menispermace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 97
Aviliers square. Drupes size of an olive, pale yellow. — Miers distinguishes the Khasia
plant as var. nitidiuscula, probably a distinct species.
4. T, oordifolia, Miers Contrib. iii. 31 ; leaves cordate glabrous, sta-
mens free, ripe carpels pisiform. T. palminervis, Miers I.e. 31. Menisp.
cordifolium, Willd. ; Roxh. Fl. Lid. iii. 811. Cocculus cordifolius, DC. Prodr,
i. 97 ; Wall. Cat. 4955 ; W. & A. Prodr. 12; Wight Ic. t. 385, 486. C. con-
volvulaceus, DC. Prodr. i. 97. C. verrucosus, Wall. Cat. 4966 C, D, E ;
RJieede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 21.
Throughout tropical India, from Kumaon to Assam and Birma, and from Behab and
CoNCAN to Ceylon and the Caknatic.
Bark corky ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., acute or acuminate ; petiole
1^-3 in. Racemes exceeding the leaves, axillary terminal or on the old wood ; bracts
subulate. Flowers yellow, males fascicled, females usually solitary, glabrous. Petals
cuneate. Anthers oblong. Drupes size of a pea or small cherry, red.
5. 1 T. ulig'inosa, Miers Contrib. iii. 35 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong
acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, veins reticulate, drupe as in T.
crispa, but endocarp thinner.
Singapore, Maingay.
Maingay's mss. contain an excellent analysis of the fruit of this and T. crispa, and
the only difference between them that I perceive is that the endocai-p of this is thin and
crustaceous, with a deeper longitudinal groove ; the cotyledons are somewhat crumpled
in both. The leaves are less shining than in the original T. uUginosa of Java, the fruit
of which is undescribed.
4. TINOIVIISCIUBX, Miers.
A scandent shrub, juice milky. Fl/mers racemed. Sepals 9, with 3
bracts. Petals 6, oblong, margins incurved. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filaments
flattened ; anthers oblong, adnate, bursting vertically. Rudimentary carpels
3. Fem. fl. : unknown. Drupes much compressed, ovoid-oblong, style-
scar terminal ; endocarp much compressed, dorsally convex, ventrally flat
or slightly concave, not intruded. Seed almost flat, oblong ; cotyledons
quite flat, nearly as broad as the thin layer of album en, .very thin, closely
appressed ; radicle short cylindric. — Distrib. 3 E. Asiatic species.
1. T. petiolare, Miers Contrib. iii. 45, t. 94 ; leaves ovate-oblong
coriaceous. H.f. S T. Fl. Ind. 205. Cocculus petiolaris, Wall. Cat. 6964.
pENANG, Wallich; Singapore, Maingaij.
Young shoots brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 2^-4 in., ovate-oblong, obtuse or
acuminate, glabrous, very coriaceous, base truncate or rounded, reticulate between the
3-5 nerves ; petiole 3-4 in. Racemes 4-10 in., on tubercles in the upper racemes, or
alternate along the branches, brown-tomentose ; flowers minute, solitary or fascicled ;
pedicels short. . Sepals puberulous. Petals notched. Drupes f-1 in., endocarp thick
woody. — Foliage very similar indeed to that of Fibraurea tinctoria, but nervules beneath
prominent, reticulate.
There are two flowerless plants in Hook. Herb., both collected by Griffith, and per-
haps species o? Tinomiscium; one has membranous elliptic- lanceolate acuminate leaves,
and fruit 1 in. long, with a very woody endocarp ; the other has broad ovate-cordate
acuminate membranous leaves, and similar but flatter fruit with a thin endocarp ; this-
last closely resembles T. .javanicum, Miers.
o.
FXBXIAUREA, Loureiro.
A lofty climbing glabrous shrub. Leaves ovate or oblong, coriaceous,
3-nerved. Flowers in large axillar/ panicles^ dioecious. Sepals 6, with
VOL, I. H
98 V. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Fibranrea.
3 minute bracts, inner larger. Petals 0. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filaments
clavate; anthers terminal, adnate, cells spreading, bursting vertically
Female fl. : Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3, ovoid, 2-ovuled ; stigma sessile, punc-
tiform. Drupes 3, 1 -seeded, oblong, terete, style-scar subterminal ; endo-
carp oblong, dorsally convex, ventrally flattened and channelled, hardly
intruded. &e<i oblong, terete, reniform on a transverse section, albumen
copious, horny ; cotyledons foliaceous, longitudinally curved, oblong, very
thin ; radicle short, cylindric.
1. P. tlnctoria, Lour. Fl. Cock ii. 769; leaves 3-nerved from the
base or above the base. H. f. <{• T. Fl. Ind. 204. F. tinctoria, fasciculata,
and chloroleuca, Miers Contrib. iii. 41, 42, t. 93. Cocculus Fibraurea, DC,
Prodr. I 99.
Penang, Phillijjs; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Cochin-China, Borneo.
Pranches T^ede ] bark lax. Leaves 4-7 by 2-4 in., elliptic-ovate or oblong, thick,
coriaceous, obtusely acuminata, shhiiiig above, pale beneath, 3-pHnei ved from the base
or above it; petiole 14-3 in., striate, subangular. Panicles often fascicled, much
branched from the base, buds globose ; fruiting panicle 1 ft., woody ; peduncles ^-1 in.
Drupes 1 in. — We await evidence of there being more than one known species of this
genus, pending which we adhere to the opinion expressed in Flora Indica. Leaves like
those of linomiscitim petiolare, but not reticulate beneath. As (iriffith|(m8H. in Herb.
Hook.) correctly observes, there are 2 superposed ovules in each ovary, of which the
upper only becomes a seed.
6. ANABXZRTA, Colebrooke.
A climbing shrub. Flmvers panicled. JSepcds G, with 2 appressed bracts.
Petals 0. ^Iale fl. : A ?ithe?'s sessile, on a stout column, 2-celled bursting trans-
versely. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 9, clavate, 1 -.seriate. Ovaries 3, on a short
gvnophore ; stigma subcapitate, reflexed. Drupes on a 3-fid gynophore,
obliquelv
Seed globose, embracing the subglobose hollow intruded endocarp, albumea
)liquely ovoid, dorsally gibbous, style-scar subbasal; endocarp woody.
dense, of horny granules ; embryo curved, cotyledons narrow-oblong thin,
spreading.
1. A. Cocculus, W. (hA. Prodr. i. 44G ; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate
rarely oblong-ovate. J/, f. d- 7\ Fl. hid. \86. A. paniculata, Coleh. A.
flavescens and toxifera, J/urs Contrib. m. b\. Menisp. Cocculus, Zi;m. ;
Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 807. M. heteroclitum, lioxh. I.e. 817. Cocculus lacunosus,
DC. Prodr. i. 97. C. suberosus DC Lc ; W. d' A. Prodr. i. 11 ; Wall. Cat.
4954. C. populifolius, DC. Lc.
Eastern Bengal ; Kiiasia hills; Assam; and fromCoNCAN and Orissa to Ceylon,
— DiSTiuR. Malayan Islands.
Park corky ; shoots stout, glabrous, striate. Leaves 4-8 in.'lone, as broad or narrower,
acute or acuminate, base rarely acute, glabrous above, hairy in the nerve-axils beneath,
base 3 nerved ; petiole 2-6 in. Panicles on the old branches 1-1 4 ft., pendulous.
Flowers I in. diam., glabrous. Sepals deciduous. Drupes | in., black, glaurous.
7. COSCZNIUM, Colebrooke.
Climbing shrubs. Flowers in dense globose heads. Sepals 6, with a bract,
orbicular. Petals 3, large, spreading, elliptic. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filaments
cylindric, 3 inner connate to the middle ; anthers adnate, outer 1- inner 2-
celled, bursting vertically. Fem, fl. : Staminodes (j. Ovaries 3-6, subglobuse ;
styles subulate, reflexed. Drupes globose ; eudocarp bony. Seed globose.
Coscinium.] v. menispermace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 99
embracing a globose intrusion of the endocarp; albumen fleshy, ruminate
in the ventral face ; embryo straight, cotyledons orbicular, spreading, thin,
sinuate, laciniate, or fenestrate. — Distrib. Species 2 ; tropical Asiatic.
1. C. fenestratum, Colehrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 65 ; leaves
slightly peltate suborbicular yellow-tomentose beneath, heads umbelled,
cotyledons laciniate. Miers in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 6458 ; Contrih. iii. 22,
t. 88 ; H.f. d' T. Fl. hid. 178. C. Wallichianum a/ic? Wightianum, Miers in
Tayl. Ann. S&r. 2, vii. .37. Menisp. fenestratum, Gcertn. ; DC. Prodr.i. 103 ;
Koxh. Fl. Ind, iii. 809. Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. Gat. 4971 {partly).
Pereira medica, Lindl. Fl. Med. 370.
Western Peninsula, Herh. Wight; Malacca, Maingay ; Singapore, WaUich;
Ceitlon, Central and Southern provinces. (Specimens all imperfect.)
Young shoots hoary-tomentose. Leaves 5-7 by 4-6 in., young oblong-deltoid ob-
scurely peltate, acuminate, glabrous above, hoary and reticulate beneath ; petiole 3-5 in.
Heads ^-f in. diam. ; pedicels 1 in. Flowers green. Petals orbicular, acute, and
sepals persistent. Drupes 1-3, \ in. diam., subglobose, villous. Perhaps 3 species are
confounded here. Wight's has smaller broader aud more membranous leaves, whiter
beneath; the Malayan are more tomentose.
2. C. Bluxneanum, Miers Contrih. iii. 23 ; leaves deeply peltate, thick
coriaceous ovate or oblong white-tomentose beneath, heads 'racemed.
H.f. (^ T. Fl. Ind. 179. Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. Cat. 5971 {partly).
Penang, Singapore, and Malacga, WaUich, &c.
Branches woolly. Leaves 7-12 by 3-6 in., peltate obtuse or acuminate, dark-green
and shining above ; petiole 3-5 in. Racemes 3-4 in., stout, tomentose, peduncles 1 in.
Maingay's collection contains fruits of a Coscinium from Malacca, of which he de-
scribes the cotyledons as fenestrate ; the carpels are 1|-14 in. diam., globose, bright
yellow, sarcocarp very thick, endocarp woody ; seed | in. diam., albumen so hard that
we have failed to remove the cotyledons so as to verify Maingay's description ; it was
accompanied with leaves and flowers o{ Fihraurea (Distrib. Hb. Maingay, 115).
9 A fourth species in Maingay's herbarium has leaves like C. fenestratum, but more
peltate, pale brown beneath, with very appressed pubescence ; a similar plant grows in
J ava and Sumatra.
8. TXZ.IACORA, Colebrooke.
A climbing shrub. Flowers in axillary panicles, dioecious or polygamous.
Sepals 6. 2-seriate, outer much smaller. Petals 6, minute, cuneate. Male
fl. ; Stamens 6, filaments subcylindric ; anthers adnate, bursting vertically.
Fem. fl. : Rudimentary carpels 3. Ovaries 3-12 ; styles short subulate.
Driqns obovoid, pedicelled, subcompressed, style-scar subbasal ; endocarp
tlun, obscurely ribbed, grooved on both sides. Seed hooked, albumen oily,
ruminate ; cotyledons linear, fleshy, plano-convex appressed.
1. T. racemosa, Coleh. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 67 ; leaves ovate or
ovate-cordate acuminate. Miers Contrih. iii. 76, t. 104. T. f rater naria,
cuspidiformis and abnormalis, Miers, I.e. 77, 78. T. acuminata, Miers in
Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vi. 39 ; H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 187. Menisp. acuminatum and
radiatum, Lamk. M. polycarpum, Eooc^. FL Ind. iii. 816. Cocculus acu-
minatum, DC. Prodr. i. 99 ; W. <h A. Prodr. i. 12. C. radiatus, DC. I.e. 99.
D. polycarpus. Wall. Cat. 4958 (eajc/. K. L.)—Kheede Ilort. Mai. vii. t. 3.
Throughout tropical India, from Oude and Bengal, to Concan, Obissa, CErLON and
Singapore. — Distrib. Java.
h2
100 V. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Tillacora,
Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by l^-Sj in., ovate, acuminate, glabrous, base
acute truncate rounded or subcordate, tbin, margin undulate ; petiole ^-1 in. Panicles
6-12 in., hoary, at length glabrous; branches 1 in., male 3-7 flowered, female simple
1 -flowered ; bracts oblong or subulate ; flowers yellow. Drupes i in. red.— Mr. Miers
(Contributions, I.e.) attributes to us the error of substituting in tiie Flora Indica the
specific name of acuminata for Colebrooke's prior name of racemosa; in this we fol-
lowed his paper in Taylor's Annals.
9. XiZBIACXA, Loureiro.
Climbing shrubs. Floiofrs in panicles. Sefxth 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller.
Petals 6 (or 3 ?) much smaller, auricled, embracing the stamens. Male fl. :
initamens 3-9 • anthers adnate, bursting vertically. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 6,
clavate. Ovaries 3 ; style short, compressed. Drums obovoid or renifomi,
style-scar subbasal; endocarp 3-celled, 2 lateral cells empty. xSlfec? elongate,
embracing the intrsded endocarp ; embryo slender, cotyledons elongate,
^terete, appressed. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and Africa.
* Sepah 8-12, inner imbricate. Hypserpa, Miers,
1. Zi. cuspldata, //. /. <ifr T. Fl. hid. 189 ; leaves ovate or oblong-
lanceolate acuminate glabrous. Cocculus cuspidatus, Wall. CaL 49()0.
Hypserpa cuspldata, praevaricata, pauciflora, and uniflora, Miers Contrib. iii.
102-107, t. 108.
Tropical forests of Eastern Bengal, the Eastern Peninsula, and CErLON. — Dis-
trib. Malayan Archipelago.
Branchltts striate, pubescent. Leaves 2-5 by 1-2 in., thin, shining, 3-nerved, base
rounded or cnncate, old glabrous ; petiole 4-1 in. Panicles axillary and supra-axillary,
solitary or geminate, female simple shorter; bracts minute, subulate. Drupes 4 in.
long. *
** Sepah 6-9, inner valvate or mbvalvate,
2. Zi. triandra, Miers Contrih. iii. 112 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute
glabrous, panicles 1-1 t^ in. racemed shorter than the leaves, stamens 3.
//. /. (k T. FL Ind, 188. L. Ainherstiana and Wallichiana, Miers I.e. 112,
113. Menisp. triandnim, Hoxh. Fl. Did. iii. 816. Cocculus triandrus, Cole-
brooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 64 ; Wall. Cat. 4962, 4959 C. 4958 L.
From Vkcv and Tenasserim to Penang.
Branches puberulous, then glabrate. Leaves 2-4 by |-4 in., thin, triplinerved, base
rounded; petiole 4 in. Pa/iicZe puberulous ; bra':ts minute, deciduous, 3-5 -flowered ;
flowers very minute, yellow. Outer sejyals minntc, inner oblong. Filaments cuueate-
oblong, fleshy ; anther-cells spreading.
3. Zi. oblong'a, Miers Conirib. iii. 100 ; branches pubescent, Jeaves
oblong or lauceolate glabrous, panicle 3-8 in., stamens 6. — H. f. cc T. Fl.
Ind. 189. Cocculus oblongus. Wall. CaL 4963.
Penang, Malacca, and Singapore, Wallich, &c.
Pubescence fulvous. Leaves 3-8 by 1-4^ in., acute or acuminate, base subacute or
rounded; petiole |-14 in., and nerves beneath pubescent. Panicles supra-axillary;
female solitary, males 2-3 superposed, branches 1-2 in. Outer sepals minute, inner
thick, tomentose, subvalvate. Drupes subglobose.
4. Xi. velutlna, Miers Contrib. iii. 110; stem velvety, leaves oblong
or ovate-oblong tomentose beneath or on both surfaces, panicles few-flowered,
stamens 6. //./. d: T. FL Ind. 189. L. di.stincta and inornata, J/iers I.e.
iii. t. 109. Cocculus velutinus, WaU. CaL 4970.
Limacia.] v. menispermace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 101
From Mergui to Malacca, Penang and Sincapoee, &c.
Pubescence yellowish. Leaves 2-6 by J-4 in,, variable, obtuse acute or rounded,
base rounded or acute, triple-nerved, usually glabrous above ; petiole \-'\.\ in. Panicles
axillary or supra-axillary, solitary few or many, tomentose, flowers villous. Inner sepals
orbicular, valvate. Drupes 1 in. long, obovoid, compressed, glabrous.
Aristega IcevifoUa, Miers Contrib. iii. 376, t. 151, a plant collected by Heifer in the
Andamans, or in Moulmein, and of which male flowers alone are known, is probably a
3-petalous Limacia.
10. COCCULUS, DC.
Climbing or sarmentose shrubs, rarely suberect. Petiole not dilated at
the base. Flowers panicled. /Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller. Petals 6,
smaller, usually auricled. Male fl. : Stamens embraced by the petals,
anthers subglobose, cells bursting transversely. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 6
or 0. Ovaries 3-6 ; styles usually cylindric. Drupes laterally compressed ;
endocarp horseshoe-shaped, dorsally keeled and tubercled, sides excavate.
Seed curved, albumen fleshy ; embryo annular, cotyledons linear, flat, ap-
pressed. — Disthib. All warm climates.
1. C. znacrocarpus, W.& A. Prodr. 13; leaves suborbicular glabrous
long-petioled, panicles 6-12 in., drupes obovoid-oblong. H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind,
191 ; Wight III. i. t. 7. Diploclisia macrocarpa, lepida, inclyta, and pic-
tinervis, Miers Contrib. iii. 280-284, t. 127. . Quinio cocculoides, Schlecht. in
Linncea, xxvi. 732.
From the Concan southwards, and in Ceylon. — Distrib. China.
Branclilets dark grey, striate. Leaves 2-3 in., rather broader than long, 5-nerved,
obtuse retuse or rarely acute, subrepand, glaucous beneath, base truncate or cordate ;
petiole 2-4 in. Panicles chiefly in the old branches ; flowers corymbose or fascicled,
or axillary. Sepals membranous, and 3-lobed petals streaked with purple. Drupe
1 in., endocarp thin, woody.
2. C. laurifolius, DC. Prodr. i. 100 ; a tree, leaves lanceolate short-
petioled shining, panicles axillary shorter than the leaves. Deless. Ic. Sel.
i. t. 97; Wall. Cat. 4965; //./. (k T. FL Ind. 191. Menisp. laurifolium,
Koxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 815. Holopeira laurifolia, australis, and fusiformis, Miers
Contrib. iii. 276.
Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 2500 ft., from Nipal to Jamu, Wallieh, &c. — Distrib.
Japan, Java (cult.?).
Trunk short ; branches pendulous, angled, striate, smooth, branchlets bearded at the
base. Leaves 3-6 by 1-1 4 in., coriaceous, acute or acuminate, 3-nerved ; petiole
^-^in. Panicles 1-2 in., solitary or 2-superposed, corymbose, male largest ; bracts and
'flowers minute. Sepals acute. Petals 2-lobed. Styles reflexed. Drupes minute,
globose ; endocarp fragile, rugose.
3. C. villosus, DC. Prodr. 1. 98 ; branchlets villous, leaves ovate-oblong
subdeltoid villous, male fl. in short panicles, fem. 1-3 axillary rarely
racemed. Wall. Cat 4957 ; W. d^ A. Prodr. 13 ,B.f.d T. Fl. I?id.l9'3.
C. sepium, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 58. C. hastatus and aristo-
lochiae, DC I.e. 98. Menisp. villosum, Lamk. {not Roxb.). M. hirsutum,
Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 814. M. myosotoides, Linn. Holopeira villosa,
Iseviuscula, and auriculata, Miers Contrib. iii. 271-273, t. 126.
Throughout tropical and subtropical India, from the base of the Himalaya to
Malabar and Pegu (absent in the Eastern Peninsula and Ceylon). — Distrib. Trop.
Africa.
Leaves 2-3 by 1^-2 in., sometimes sublanceolate, retuse or obtuse and mucronate,
sometimes 3-lobed, base subcordate or truncate, young villous on both surfaces ; pe-
102 V. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Cocculus,
tiole ^ in. Panicles loosely villous ; bracts minute, linear. Drupes black -purple, endo-
carp acutely keeled, tubercled.
4. C. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4973 ; branchlets pubescent, leaves ovate acute
or acuminate white and villous beneath, panicles few-flowered. Nephroica
mollis, Miers Contrib. iii. ii65.
NiPAL, Wallich; Khasia hills, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. & T.
Branchlets striate. Leaves 2-4 by 14-2 4 in., of shoots often obtuse, base cordate or
truncate, bright green above, at length glabrate ; petiole |-1 in. Panicles axillary or
nearly, so, on a tomentose tubercle, shorter than tlie leaves, males irregular cymose,
cymes 4-7-flowered, bracts filiform ; females 1-3-flowered. Petals notched. Drupes
pisiform, compressed; endocarp keeled, with 4 rows of tubercles.
6. C. Zieaeba, DC. Prodr. i. Si0 ; branchlets? puberulous, leaves linear-
oblong oblong or trapezoid entire or lobed glabrate, flowers fascicled in the
axils, females subsolitary. //./. db T. Fl. hut. 192 ; Miers Contrib. iii. 256.
C. Isevis, Wall. Cat 4975. C. glabra, W. d' A. Prodr. i. 13 ; Miers I.e. 257.
C. recisus, Miers I.e. 258.
Drier parts of Western India ; the Punjab, Sindh, and the Cauxatic. — Distrib.
Affghanistan, Arabia, trop. and subtrop. Africa.
Branchlets long, slender. Leaves ^-\\ hy ^-J in., very variable, angles rounded,
sometimes 3-5-lobed, usually obtuse and mucronate, base cuneate or rounded, young
hoary, old often glaucous on both surfaces; pedicels ^-\ iu. Flowers fascicled on woody
tubercles, pedicels 1-flowered, males dense. Drupes ^^ in.
11. F&RZCAMFYX.US, Miers.
A climbing shrub. Leaves snbpeltate, petioles slender, articulate. Flowers
in axillary cymes. Sepals 6, with 3 bracts, outer smaller, inner spathulate.
Petals 6, cuneate. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filaments cylindric ; anthers ad-
nate, bursting transversely. Female fl. : JSlominodes 6, clavate. Ovaries
3 ; styles 2-partite, segments subulate. Drupes subglobose ; endocarp
horseshoe-shaped, dorsally crested and echinate, sides excavated. Seed
curved ; cotyledons elongate flat, scarcely broader than the radicle.
1. P. incanus, Miers Contrib. iii. 118, t. 3; leaves suborbicular ob-
tusa acute or retuse. P. aduncus, a.ssamicus, a??(/ membranaceus, Miers I.e.
119-122. Cocculus incanus, Coleb. in 2'rans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 57. Cissam-
pelos mauritiana, Wall. Cat. 4980 {not of DC). Menisp. villosum, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 812 {not of Lamk.).
SiKKiM, Assam, the Khasia uills, Chittagono and throughout the Eastern
Peninsula. — Dibtrib. Java.
Branchlets tomentose, then glabrate. Xfave« 2-4 in. .diara., base truncate or sub-
cordate ; petiole 1-2 in. Cymes 2-3-chotomous, often many and superposed ; pe-
duncles 1-2 in,, axillary, many-flowered ; bracts subulate. Sepals villous. Petals acute
or obtuse, margins incurved. Drupes red.
12. STEFKANZA, Loureiro.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves usually peltate. Flowers in axillary, cymose
"umbels. Male fl. : Sepals 6-10, free, ovate or obovate. Petals 3-5, obovate,
fleshy. Anthers 6, connate, encircling the top of the staminal column;
bursting transversely. Fem. fl. : Sepals 3-5. Petals of the male. Slami-
nodes 0. Ovary 1 ; style 3-6-partite. Drupe glabrous ; endocarp com-
pressed, horseshoe-shaped, dorsally tubercled, sides hollowed and per-
forated. Seed, almost annular ; cotyledons long, slender, a-terete, appressed.
— DiSTEiB. Tropics of the Old World.
ania.] V. MENISPERMACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 103
1. S. hernandifolla, Walp. Eep. i. 96; branchlets glabrous, leaves
ovate or subdeltoid acute obtuse or acuminate, umbels capitate. H.f. dc T.
Fl. Ind. 196 ; Miers Contrih. iii. 222. S. intertexta, latifolia, and hypo-
glauca, Miers I.e. 224, 226, 227. Cissampelos hernandifolia, Willd. ; DC,
Prodr. i. 100 ; lioxb. Fl. hid. iii. 842; Wall Cat. 4977 1), E,F, G, H, K.
C. discolor, DC. l.c i. 101. C. hexandra, Roxh. I.e. iii. 842. Clypea her-
nandifolia, W. & A. Prodr. i. 14 ; Wight Ic. t. 939.
From NiPAL to Chittaqong, Singapore, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Islands,
trop, Australia, Africa.
Branchlets striate. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., base truncate or subcordate, glabrous or
thinly pubescent below only or on both surfaces, pale or glaucous beneath; petiole 1^-
4 in. Peduncles axillary, short or long; rays 8-12, with subulate bracts. Sepals
obovate, obtuse. Petals 3-4. Drupes red. — There are two marked varieties, the
Northern and Eastern, with peduncles and leaves beneath more or less pubescent, and
the Western one with these parts nearly glabrous.
2. S. eleg-ans, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. l95; branchlets glabrous, leaves
elongate-deltoid acuminate base truncate or cordate, umbels lax long-
peduncled. Miers Contrih. iii. 227.
Subtropical Himalaya from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 6-7000 ft. ; Khasia hills,
E.f.&T.
Branches slender, angled. Leaves 2\-A by 1-2^ in., sometimes obtuse, thin, coria-
ceous, pale beneath; petiole 1-2 in., slender. Umbels with many rays, sometimes
branched ; flowers purple or greenish, odour heavy. /Sepals acuminate. Petals obovate.
Drupe small, red.
3. S. rotunda, Lour. Fl. Coch. 747 ; branchlets glabrous, leaves broad-
ovate or suborbicular often repand or sinuate-lobed glabrous, umbels in lax
cymes. H.f. d- T .Fl. Ind. 197 ; Miers Contrih. iii. 215. C. longa {Khasia
5/>ecm6'7is), japonica, Roxburghiana, glabra, and glandulifera, Miers I.e. 213-
220, t. 119. Cocculus Roxburghianus, Wall. Cat. 4972 [not of DC.) ;W. <^ A.
Prodr. i. 450 in note. C. Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat. 4974. Cissampelos
glabra, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 840. Clypea Wightii, Am. in Wight III. i. 22.
Tropical and Temperate Himalaya, ascending to 7000 ft., from Sindh eastward
to the Khasia hills and Pegu. Southern hills of the Western Peninsula. — Disteib.
6iam, Cochin-China.
Roots subglobose. Leaves 3-7 in. diam., oltusa acute or acuminate, pale beneath,
f)etiole 3-9 in. Peduncles yAv\?i\Ae, usually slender, of the females stout; rays of umbels
ong or short ; bracts subulate ; flowers ^-4 in. diam., yellow. Sepals narrow cuneate,
puberulous. Petals shorter. Drupe pisiform.
13. CISSAMFEZiOS, Linn.
Suberect or climbing shrubs. Leaves often peltate. Male fl. : cymose.
i^epals 4, {5-6) erose. Peto/s 4, connate, forming in 4-lobed cup. Anthers
4, connate', encircling the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely.
Fem. fl. : racemed, crowded in the axils of leafy bracts. Sejmls 2 (or
sepal and petal 1 each), 2-nerved, adnate to the bracts. Staminodes 0.
Ovary I ; style short, 3-fid or 3-toothed. Drupe ovoid, style-scar sub-
basal; endocarp horseshoe-shaped, compressed, dorsally tubercled, sides
excavated. Seed curved ; embryo slender ; cotyledons narrow, |-terete, ap-
pressed. — Disteib. All hot climates.
1. C Pareira, Linn. ; climbing, leaves orbicular-reniform or cordate,
male cymes long-peduncled many flowered hairy, female racemes with
104 V. MENiSPERMACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Cissampelos,
large reniformor orbicular bracts, drupes subglobose hirsute. DC. Prodr. i.
100; H.f. d- T. Fl.hid. 198; Miers Contrib. iii. 139. C. caapeba, Linn.;
Roxb. Fl hid, iii. 842. C. convolvulacea, Willd. ; Wall.^Cat. 4979 ; W. d' A.
Frodr. i. 14 ; Foxb. I.e. 842. C. orbiculata, discolor, and hirsuta. Buck ;
DC. I.e. 101. C. hernandifolia, Wcdl. Cat. 4979, partly. C. obtecta, WaU.
Gat. 4981. C. di versa, elata, grallatoria, eriantba, and delicatula, Miers I.e.
187-197. C. subpeltata, Ikwaites Enum. 13 and 399 ; Miers I.e. 195. Menisp.
orbiculatum, Linn. Cocculus orbiculatus, DC. I.e. 98. 0. villosus, Wall.
Cat. 4957 in part^ and C. membranaceus 4967 {diseased state).
Tropical and subtropical India, from Sindii and the Punjab to Ceylon and SiN-
CAPOUE. — DisTRiB. Cosmopolitan in warm regions.
A lofty climber; Branchlcts rarely glabrous. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., usually peltate,
obtuse and mucronate, rarely acute, base truncate or more or less cordate ; petiole
equalling the leaf or longer. Male cymes ^14 in. (sometimes replaced by a shoot with
small leaver and small axillary cymes), axillary or nearly so, usually 2-3 superposed,
decompound ; bracts minute, rarely foliaceous ; peduncle slender, pubescent tomentose
or hirsute. Fern, racemes 1-2, axillary ; bracts lax or densely imbricate, usually hoary,
sometimes petioled; pedicels very short. Ouar/e« rarely glabrate. Drupe ^m. iWam.,
scarlet. — A careful reconsideration of the materials discussed in " Flora Indica," with
many additional specimens, and an eight years' further familiarity in India with both
native and cultivated forms, convince us that the view taken in the above work (which
is that of Eichler, Bentham, and Thwaites) is not invalidated by the vigorous attacks
of our friend Mr. Miers.
14. CirCX.X:A, Arnott.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves usually peltate. Flmers in axillary panicles ;
Male H. : Sepals 4-8, connate into an inflated 4-pJlobed calyx. Petals 4-8,
more or less connate into a 4-5-lobed corolla. Anthers 4-0, connate,
crowning the staminal column, bursting transversely. Fem. fl. : Sepal 1,
oblong. 7-*e^// 1, orbicular. Ovary I; style short, 3-5-lobed, lobes radiating.
Druj^e ovoid, style-scar subbasid ; endocarp horseshoe-siiaped, dorsally
tubercled, sides convex 2-locellate (as in Limacut). Seed curved ; cotyledons
slender, ^-terete, appressed.— Distrlb. Tropical Asia.
1. C. Bunuanni, Jfiers Contrib. iii. 239,' t. 121 ; leaves peltate elon-
gate-deltoid acuminate base cordate or subsagittate suprepand, calyx
subglobose 6-8-lobed, corolla nrceolate subentire. //./. d- T. Fl. Ind. 201.
Cocculus Burmanni, DC. Frodr, i. 96. Clypea Burmanni, W. d- A. Frodr.
in part ; Bimn. Fl. Zeyl. t. 101, Khaptomeris Burmanni, Miers in Tayl.
Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 41.
CoNCAN, Gibson; and Ceylon; ascending to 2600 ft.
Branches pilose or glabrate. Leaves 2-4 by ^-2 in., thin, coriaceous, shining above,
usually pubescent beneath ; petiole 4-14 'n. Panicles equalling or exceeding the
leaves, many-lowered, pubescent. Male jl. and drupe pilose. Calyx much exceeding
the corolla.
2. C. peltata, //./. d: T. Fl. Lnd. 201 ; leaves peltate deltoid acute or
subacute, calyx campanulate 4-lobed, corolla an irregularly 4-lobed cup.
Miers Contrib. iii. 236. C. barbata, versicolor, Arnottii, laxiflora, and
debiliflora, Miers I.e. 237-242. Menisp. peltatum, Laml\ Cocculus peltatus,
DC. Frodr. i. 96. Cissampelos discolor, Wall. Cat. 4892, in part. C.
barbata, Wall. Cat. 4978. Clypea Burmanni, W. d' A. Frodr. I 74 in part.
Cyclea Burmanni, Arnott in Wight III. i. 22. Rhaptomeris Burmanni,
Miers in Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 41. liheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 49.
Q/dea.] V. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 105
From Assam and the Khasia hills eastwards ; and throughout the Western and
Eastkkx Peninsula and Ceylon, — Distrib. Java, &c.
Branches grooved, sparsely clothed with reflexed hairs or glahrate. Leaves 3-6 by
2-4 in., thin, coriaceous, acute or obtuse, subrepand, ciliate, above glabrous or sparsely
pilose, usually pubescent beneath ; petiole 1-24 in. Panicles equalling or exceeding
the leaves ; males sometimes 1 ft, ; fem. much shorter ; bracts oblong or subulate ;
male flowers hispid or glabrous. Calyx much exceeding the corolla. Drupe pilose, —
The synonymy of this species is much confused with that of C. Burmanni, and owing
to some of the authentic specimens being floweriess these may require revision.
15. Z.OFKOPKVZ.X.UBX, Griffith.
Characters of Cyclea, but male flowers apetalous and female with 2
opposite fleshy saccate sepals.
1. Zi. bicristatum, Griff. Not. PI. Asiat. part iv. 313, t. 491 ; It. Notes.
114 No. 190, and 165 No. 854; leaves broadly cordate acuminate 7-9-
nerved. Peraphora robusta, Miers Gontrib. iii. 245, t. 122. Cyclea populi-
folia, H.f.d; T. Fl. hid. 202.
Eastern Himalaya, in Sikkim and Bhotan, Griffith, &c. ; Khasia hills, H.f. & T.
A tall climber; bark white; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 3-6 in., firm,
coriaceous, glabrous above, pilose with rigid hairs and reticulate beneath ; petiole 2-4
in., cylindric, pubescent, base and tip thickened. Paiiicles slender, decompound, fas-
cicled, tomentose. Calyx globose, 4-lobed, Anthers 4-5, connate into a peltate disk.
Dru;pe \ in. diam., subglobose ; endocarp with 3 series of hooked spines on each edge.
16. FACHVGOMZ:, Miers.
A climbing shrub. Flowers axillary, racemed, dioecious. Sepals 6, 2-seriate,
outer smaller. Petals 6, much smaller, base auricled embracing the fila-
ment. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filament incurved ; anthers subglobose,
didymous, bursting transversely. Rudimentary cMpels 3, minute. _ Fem.
fl. : Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3 ; styles stout, horizontal. Drupes reniform,
style-scar subbasal ; endocarp reniform,^ rugulose. Seed horseshoe-shaped,
albumen ; cotyledons ^-cylindric, very thick, hard ; radicle very short.
1. P. ovata, Miers Gontrib. iii. 331, t. 135 ; leaves ovate-oblong or sub-
trapezoid, male racemes exceeding the leaves. H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 203.
P. Plukenetii, concinna, adversa, «/icZodorifera, Miers I.e. 330-334. Cissam-
pelos ovata, Poir. ; DG. Prodr. i. 102. C. Plukenetii, DG. I.e. i. 97 ;
W.d' A. Prodr. i. 14; Wight Ic. t. 824, 825. C. Wigbtianus, Wall. Gat.
4959 A. C officinarum, Piuk. Koon zeylanicus, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. 486, 1. 180.
Dry maritime places in the Carnatic and Ceylon. — Distrib, Java and Timor.
A lofty climber ; branches tomentose. Leaves 1^-2 by f-l^ in., thick, coriaceous,
obtuse, retuse or mucronate, base cuneate or rounded, 3-5-nerved, glabrous ; petiole
\-% in., with a basal ring of hairs; tip thickened. Racemes slender, pubescent,
females shortest ; peduncles very short.- Flowers minute, male in the axils of subu-
late bracts, female solitary. Petals 2- toothed. Drujies pisiform.
17. PVCNARRKENA, Miers.
Suberect or climbing shrubs. Flowers axillary, fascicled or shortly
panicled, dioecious. Male fl. : Sepals 6, with 3 bracts, inner larger orbicular.
Peta ls 6, sm all, lobed. Stamens 9, filaments very short ; anthers subdidymous,
bursting transversely. Fem. fl. ; unknown. Drupe broadly oblong, sub-
106 V. MENISPERMACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Pycnarrhena*
gibbous, style-scar lateral ; endocarp subreiiiform. Seed slightly concave
ventrayy, albumen ; cotyledons oblong, ^-terete, very thick, slightly in-
curved, radicle minute, ventral. — Distrib. Two species, an Indian and
Bornean.
1. P. pleniflora," J/i'ers Contrib. iii. 353, t. 141 ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late quite glabrous. P. planiflora, U.f.&T. Fl. Ind. 20G. Cocculus plani-
florus, Wall, Cat, 4961 {error fw pleniflorus).
SiLHET, Wallich.
Branches striate, pubenilous. Leaves 5-7 by l|-24 in., thin, coriaceous, obtusely
acuminate, puberulous on the midrib beneath, reticulate; nerves prominent beneath,
arching within the margin ; petiole | in., top clavate. Flowers almost capitate ; pe-
duncles ^-| in., pubescent, 1-2-flowered, with 2 basal and a median bract. Drupes
^ in., smooth. — P. mecistophylla, Miers I.e. 353, from Assam (Griffith), described from
leaves only, does not appear to us to be congeneric.
18. KSMATOCARPUS, Miers.
A strong glabrous climber. Leaves very coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers
in axillary racemes, dioecious. Male fl. : Sepals 9-12 with 3 bracts, large.
Petals 6, base minutely auricled. Stamem 0, free ; anther-cells 2, remote on
the face of a large galeate dilated connective, bursting obliquely. Rudi-
mentary carpels 3, minute. Fem. fl. : unknown. Drupes 1-4, large, ovoid
fleshy, oblong, stalked, style-scar subbasal ; endocarp coriaceous, oblong,
adherent. Seed oblong, albumen ; embryo large, cotyledons accumbeht,
folded on themselves, very thick 2-terrete, obtuse ; radicle short, stout, in-
ferior.
1. K. Thomsoni, Miers Contrih. iii. 325, t. 134 ; leaves oblong obtusely
acuminate. F. comptus and incusus, Miers I.e. 32H, 327. Katerium vali-
dum, Miers in Tayl. Anal Ser. 3, xiii. 124. Fibraurea? hajmatocarpa,
H.f.iibT.Fl.Ind.ilOA.
SiKKiM- Himalaya and Khasia hills, alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Branches stout, pale. Leaves 3-4 by H-2 in., base obtu.se or acute, pale or glabrous
beneath, nerves reticulate ; petiole slender, |-1 in. Jiacemes supra-axillary, solitary
or several, slender, branches short; Jiowers small; pedicels slender. Sepals ciliate.
Petals concave. Fruiting racemes woody, 1-3 in.; torus globose with 4-6 scars.
Drt<p(s 1^-2 in., smooth, suboblique ; stalks 4 in., stout; sarcoc.arp hard, blood-red;
mesocarp traversed by stout vessels from the thin crustaceous endocarp.
19. ANTZTAXZS, Miers.
A shrub. Leaves penninerved. Flowers in axillary fascicles, dioecious.
Male fl. : Sepals 8, in decussate pairs ; outer small ; 2 next obovate ; 4 inner
larger, orbicular, imbricate. Petals 2, obovate. Stamens 4, filaments clavate ;
anthers 1-celled, subglobose, bursting transversely. Fem. fl. • unknown.
Drupes 1-3, subglobose, style-scar ventral ; endocarp thin, fragile, subreni-
form oblong. Seed subglobose, concave ventrally, albumen 0; cotyledons
oblong, ^-terete, slightly incurved, very thick ; radicle minute, ventral. — ■
Distrib. Eastern Archipelago.
1. A. fasdculata, Miers Contrih. iii. 336, t. 142 ; leaves oblong acumi-
nate glabrous, petiole tomentose. Cocculus lucidus, Teysm. <t Den. .Nat.
Tijdsch. iv. 397.
Antitaxis,] v. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 107
Malacca, Griffith.— DisTmn. Java.
Branches rigid, flexuoiis, smooth ; young pubescent. Leaves 3^-4 by 1^-1 f in., sub-
coriaceous, base rouruled, concolorous, shining above, paler beneath with reticulate veins;
petiole f in. Peduncles of male numerous, 4-| in., slender, glabrous, blowers minute.
Drupes tomentose. — A very anomalous genus.
Order YI. BERBERIDE/E. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Usually shrubby, sometimes climbing, glabrous plants. Leaves simple or
compound, with articulate segments ; buds scaly. Stijmles very rare {Ber-
beris). Floivers often globose, regular, solitary or in simple or compound
racemes, usually yellow or white. Sepals a,nd petals free, bypogynous, very
caducous, 2-many-seriate,in3- rarely4-6-nary whorls, imbricate, or the sepals
rarely valvate. Stamens 4-6 (rarely 8) opposite the petals, free or connate ;
anthers adnate, erect, dehiscing by lateral or dorsal slits, or by 2 revolute or
ascending lids or valves. Carpels 1-3, rarely more, oblong ; style short or 0,
stigma dilated or conic or oblong ; ovules usually indefinite on the ventral
suture or covering the walls of the ovary, anatropous rarely orthotropous.
Ei]^ carp)els dry or fleshy, dehiscent or not. Seeds with a crustaceous fleshy
or bony testa; albumen copious, dense ; embryo minute or long, straight or
curved, radicle next the hilum. — Distrib. Genera about 20, with 200 species,
chiefly temperate and mountain plants.
Tribe I. Xiardizabaleae. Stem usually climbing. Flowers unisexual or
polygamous. Carpels 3. Seeds usually large, testa bony.
An erect shrub. Leaves pinnate 1. Decaisnea.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves digitate. Stamens monadelphous . . 2. Parvatia.
Stamens free " . . 3. Holbcellia.
f.
Tribe II. Berbereae. Stem or erect. Flowers hermaphrodite. Carpel
1. Seeds usually small. ,
Ovules erect, basal. Shrubs. Fruit berried 4. Berberis.
Ovules superposed along the ventral suture.
Leaves decompound. Ovules few 5. Epimedicm.
Leaves simple, palmate. Ovules many 6. Podophyllum.
1. DECAISNEA, H. f. & T.
An erect shrub. Leaves unequally pinnate, petioled jointed at base. Flowers
racemose, monoecious. Sepals 6, narrow, taper-pointed, subimbricate in 2
rows. Petals 0. Male fl. : Stamens 6, monadelphous ; anthers oblong, con-
nective Subulate. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 6, small, free. Ovaries 3, sub-
sessile, oblong ; stigma subsessile, oblong ; ovules many, 2-seriate. Fruit
of 3 spreading fleshy many-seeded follicles. Seeds large, compressed, testa
bony.
I>. Insiffnis, //./. <ih T. in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1854, ii. 349 ; Fl.Ind. 213 ;
leaflets opposite ovate or ovate-lanceolate long acuminate. Hook. f. III.
Him. PI. t. 10. Slackea insignis, Griff. I tin. Not. 187.
Forests of the Eastern Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; in Bhotan, Griffith, and Sikkim,
Ste
item naked, erect, simple, or forked. Leaves 2-3 ft., subterminal on the few short
branches. Leaflets 6-8 pair, 3-5 by 1^-3 in., thin, glaucous beneath ; petiole \-^ in.
108 VI. BERBERiDE-E. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Dceaimea.
Bacemes 1 ft., horizontal, fascicled, terminal or leaf-opposed. Flowers 1 in. long, pen-
dulous, yellow-green ; pedicels as long ; bracts small, subulate, deciduous. Follicles 3 in.,
cylindric, obtuse, recurved, edible.
2. PAXIVATXA, Decaisne.
A large climbing shrub. Leaves alternate, 3 foliolate. Flowei's racemed,
moncecious. Sejmls 6, 2-seriate, 3 outer valvate. Petals 6, lanceolate, much
smaller. Male fl. : Stamens 3, monadelphous ; anthers oblong, apiculate.
Fem. fl. : Stammodes 6, minute, free. Ovaries 3 ; stigma, sessile, oblong,
acute ; ovules many, covering the walls of the ovary, mixed with long hairs.
Fruit of 3, berried, indehiscent, many-seeded carpels. Seeds imbedded in
pulp.
1. P. Brunoniana, Decaisne in Archiv. Mus. i 190, t. 12 A; leaflets
ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate rarely obtuse. //./. d: T. Fl.Ind. 214.
Stauntouia Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 4592.
A88AM and KiiAsiA HILLS, alt. 3-4000 ft., Wallick, &c.
Bark of old branches pale corky, of young smooth. Petioles 3-5 in. Leaflets 3-5
by 1-2^ in., base subacute or rounded, shining above, glaucous below; petiole of mid-
leaflet 1 in., of lateral ^ in. Ftduncles 2-4 in., fascicled on scaly tubercles, rigid, slender;
pedicels spreading; bracteoles basal, minute, linear. Flowers greenish-white; male
^, female | in. long. Carpels 4 in., obtuse at both ends, gi-anulate. — Assam specimens
have more membranous and obtuse leaves, less glaucous beneath.
3. UOZ.B(EX.Z.XA, Wall.
A climbing shrub. Leaves digitate. Flower's moncecious, in axillary fas-
cicles or racemes. Sepals 6, 2-seriate ; 3 outer valvate. Petals 6, minute,
orbicular. Male fl. : Stamens 6, free ; anthers apiculate. Fem. fl. : Sta-
minodes (3, minute. Ovaries 3 ; stigmas oblong ; ovules many, covering the
walls of the ovary. Fruit of 3, berried, many-seeded carpels. Seeds im-
bedded in pulp.
1. K. latifolla, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 24, t. 16 ; leaflets ovate or oblong,
lanceolate or linear in young plants, acuminate.
Himalaya, alt. 4-9000 ft., from Bhotau to Kumaon ; Khasia uills, alt. 4000 ft.
Uri'KR A8iiA.M at low elevations.
Trunk sometimes 4-6 in. diam., bark corky when old. Leaves 3-9-foliolate ; leaflets
3-6 by ^-2 in., base rounded or acute, shining above, pale and reticulate beneath ;
petiole of mid-leaflet its own length, of the lateral shorter. Peduncles solitary or
fascicled. Flowers subcorymbose, purplish-green, sweet-scented; male 4 -| in., fem.
larger. Carpels 2-3 in., sessile or short-stalked, oblong, obtuse at both ends ; very
variable. The characters of the seed require confirmation.
Var. 1. latifolla, leaflets 3-5, ovate or oblong, seeds straight obovoid. — H. latifolia,
WaU. I.e. ; Decaisne in Arc/do. Mas. i. 194, t. 12, B ; M.f. & T Fl. Ind. 215. H.
acuminata, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. ii. 313. Stauntonia latifolia. Wall. Cat. 4950.
Vak. 2. angmtifolia, leaflets 7-9, narrow- or linear lanceolate, seeds curved. — H.
angnstifolia. Wall. Tent. t. 17 ; Decaisne Q,nd H.f. d: T. I.e. Stauntonia angustifolia,
Wall. Cat. 4951.
4. BERBZSRZS, Linn.
Shrubs ; wood yellow. Leaves pinnate or simple and then fascicled in
the axils of 3-5-partite spines. Flowers yellow, hermaphrodite, fascicled,
racemed or solitary. Sepals 6, with 2-3 appressed bracts, imbricate in 2
Berieris.] VI. berberide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 109
series. Petals 6, imbricate in 2 series, usually with 2 basal glands inside.
Stamens 6, free ; anther-cells opening by recurved valves. Ovary simple ;
stigma peltate, sessile or on a short style ; ovules few, basal erect. Berri/
few-seeded. — Distrib. Species about 50, natives of N. temperate regions,
subtropical Asia, the Andes, and temperate S. America.
Sect. I. Blahonia, Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets'opposite.
1. B. nepalensis, Sj^reng. Syst. Veg. ii. 120 ; leaflets oblong ovate or
lanceolate spinous-toothed palmately 3-5-nerved, racemes dense .flowered.
Wall. Cat. 1480 ; H.f.<^ T. Fl. Ind. 219. B. miccia, Ham. ; Bon Prodr. 205.
B. acanthifolia, Wall.; Don Syst. Gard. i. 118. Mahonia nepalensis, DC.
Prodr. i. 109 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 4.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; from Garwhal to Bhotan ; Khasia hills,
alt. 4-5000 ft.; Mergui, Griffith; Nilghiri Mts., alt. 5-8000 ft.— Distrib. Japan?
Stem erect, 3-20 ft., subsimple, leafy near the top only. Leaves 6-18 in.; sheath
with 2 subulate stipules; leaflets 2-12 pair, 1-5 in., coriaceous, sessile, articulate with
the petiole. Eacemes 3-12 in., erect ; bracts 1-2 in., various ; bracteoles oblong or
ovate. Flowers fascicled ; pedicels J-4 in. slender. Berry g-4 in., violet, glaucous,
bitter. — Probably B. Bealii of Japan is not different.
Var. 1. nepalensis proper; leaflets usually narrow oblong or ovate-lanceolate, berry
elliptic. B. nepalensis, I.e. Northern and Eastern India.
Var. 2. Leschenaultii ; leaflets broader, berry globose. B. Leschenaultii, Wall.
Cat. 1479 ; Wight I.e. t. 940. Nilghiries.
Sect. IT. Berberis proper. Leaves simple, fascicled in the axils of 3-5-
partite (rarely simple) spines (reduced leaves).
* Flowers racemed, corymbose or subumbelled.
2. B. vulg-aris, L. ; leaves more or less deciduous obovate spinulose-
Serrate, flowers racemed, petals subentire, stigma sessile discoid. II. f. <& T.
Fl. Ind. 220.
Western Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Nipal to Marri, and in Western
Tibet. — Distrib. Temp. Europe and N. Asia.
An extremely variable plant.
Var. 1. vulgaris proper ; 8-10 ft., leaves 2-3 in. quite deciduous long petioled broad
oblong lanceolate or obovate acutely serrate, racemes exceeding the leaves pendulous
simple not glaucous, flowers larpje, berries oblong-ovoid compressed red, seeds 2-5.
DO. Prodr. i. 105.— Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 5-1000 ft.
Var. 2. cratcegina (sp. DC. Prodr. i. 106); a small bush, leaves l-2|in. coriaceous
and persistent entire or spinulose, racemes elongate, berries oblong or subspherical.
B. emarginata, Willd. ; sphferocarpa, Kar. & Kir^ hetei^oda, Schrenk ; turcomaniese,
Karel.—Ba\i\ & Kashmir, alt. 8-10,000 ft.
Var. 3. c^tnensis {sp. Presl. Flor. Sic. i. 28) ; low, rigid, robust, leaves 1-1 J in.
obovate obtuse or mucronate rarely lanceolate spinulose serrate rarely entire, nerves
prominent, racemes suberect or nodding rather exceeding the leaves — B. Kunwarensis,
Royle 111. 64.— Simla to Balti, alt. 6-12,000 ft.
Var. 4. hrachyhotrys {sp. Fdgew. in Trans. Linn. Sac. xx. 29) ; branches robust,
often glaucous, leaves ^-1^ in. hardly coriaceous obovate or lanceolate spinulose-serrate
or entire, racemes short many-flowered subcorymbose. — From Sikkim to Simla, alt.
6-12,000 ft.
Var. 5. cretica (sp. Linn.) ; low or prostrate, densely branched, leaves ^-1 in.
rigid coriaceous angled spinulose-serrate or lobulate, margin thickened, racemes longer
or shorter than the leaves. — (B. vulgaris var. australis, Boiss. B. Thunbergii, DC.)
Garwhal to Balti, alt. 9-11,000 ft.
110 VI. BERBERIDE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Berberis
3. B. umbellata, Wall. Cat. 1475 ; leaves more or less deciduous ob-
ovate sparingly serrulate, flowers subumbellate on a long naked peduncle,
berries oblong, stigma flat sessile. Don >S>^ Gard. i. 116 ; H. f. d- T. Ft.
Ind. 224 B. aristata, DC. Frotlr. i. 106 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2549.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 9-11,000 ft., from Kumaon to Bhotan.
An erect straggling shrub, 8-10 ft. ; branches slender, rigid, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in.,
submenibranous, green or glaucous beneath. Flowers like those of B. vulgaris.
4 B. aristata, DC. Syst. ii. 8 ; erect, leaves evergreen or nearly so,
obovate or oblong entire or with few distant spinous teeth, flowers in com-
pound often corymbose racemes, berries tapering into a short style, stigma
smaU subglobose. //./. tC- T. Fl. I, id. 224
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; from Bhotan to Kunawar. Nilghiri Mts.
and Cevlo.v, alt. G-7000 ft.
As variable as B. vulgaris.
Var. 1. aristata, purple, leaves 1-3 in. broad obovate or oblong elliptic acute or awned
entire or spinul )se-serrate towards the tip green or glaucous beneath, racemes com-
pound, flowers large, pedicels red. DC.Prodr. i. lOG ; lioyle III 04 ; \V(dL Cat. 1474.
Ji. tinctoria, Z/e«cA. / W. ci; A. Prodr. i. 16; Deless. Ic. iSel. ii. t. 2; Wiaht III. i. 8.
B. chitria, Ham. ; Don Prudr. 204 ; Bot. Beg. t. 72U. B. anguatifolia, Boxb. Hort.
Beng. 87. — Nipal to Sirmore.
Var. 2. Jloribunda {s}). Wall. mss. Cat. 1474); leaves smaller, flowers on long
peduncles, racemes subsiuiple or subumbellate. B. petiolaris, TJ'a/Z. under Cat. 1474;
Don iSijst. Gard. i. 115. B. affinis and ceratophylla, Don I.e. B. coriaria, lioyle 7ns3. ;
Lindl. in But. Reg N.iS.xiv. t. 46. B. umbellata, LiTidl. I.e. 1844, t.44 {not of Wall.).
— Kumaon to Kunawar.
Var. 3. micrantha ; leafy, leaves 1-3 in. very coriaceous obovate-lanceolate coarsely
spinulose-toothed, racemes long nodding, flowers small. Wall. Cat. 1474. — Bhotan
to Garwhal.
6. B. Ziycium, Royle HI. 64; Trans. Linn. Soc. xvil 94; bark white,
leaves subsessile subpersistent lanceolate or narrow obovate oblong usually
quite entire pale not lacunose glaucous beneath, raceme elongate, berries
ovoid, style conspicuous, stigma capitate. //./. (b T. FL Ind. 225.
Western Himalaya, in dry hot places ; alt. 3-9000 ft., from Garwhal to Hazara.
An erect rigid shrub, 6-8 ft. Leaves 1^-2 4 by ^-.^ in., coriaceous, mucronate, very
spiuulose, bright green above, venation lax. liactmts simple or compound, often
corymbose, drooping, longer than the leaves. Berry violet. — Very di.stinct in its
ordinary state, but some forms appear to pass into 13. aristata, and others into B.
dsiatica.
6. B. asiatica, Boxh. in DC. Syst. ii. 13; bark pale, spines 5-fid small,
leaves orbicular or broad obovate subentire or coarsely spinous lacunose
white beneath, racemes short corymbose, berries with a distinct style, stigma
capitate. Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 182; Ddess. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 1 ; Wall. Cat. 1477
{excl. syn. tinctoriae). B. hypoleuca, Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. il 246.
Dry valleys of the Himalaya, alt. 8-7500 ft. ; from Bhotan to Garwhal. Behar, on
Parasnath, alt. 3500 tt., Edgeuorth. — Distrib. Aflghauistan.-
An erect stout branched bush, 3-6 ft. Leaves 1-3 in., rarely acute, thickly coria-
ceous, very strongly reticulate beneath, liucemes peduncled or subsessile ; flowers
rather small, Ti~i '"• diam. Berry red or black, glaucous, often large, eatable.
** Ted uncles fascicled, \-Jlowered.
7. B. Wallicliiana, DC. Prodr. i. 107; leaves evergreen lanceolate or
oblong- lanceolate, flowers many in a fascicle, berry ovoid or oblong. Wall,
Berherls.] vi. berberide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) Ill
Plant. As. Ear. iii. t. 243; Cat. 1478 ; //./. <& T.Fl. Ind. 225. B. asiatica.
Griff. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. iv. t. 1648.
Temperate Himalaya in forests, alt, 8-10,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan,
Griffith; Khasia hills, alt. 5-6000 ft.
Yar. 1. atroviridis {sp. Wall, mss.); branches angular, leaves l|-4 in, lanceolate
or narrow obovate, berries black-purple shining. B. Wallichiana, DC. Lc— Nipal to
Bhotan.
Var, 2, microcarpa; branches angled or deeply grooved, leaves as in Var. 1, but
emaller and sometimes quite entire, berries 5 in. elliptic-oblong, style short, stigma
small, — Khasia hills,
Var, 3. latifoUa; leaves 1-2 in, broadly obnvate or elliptic-oblong, flowers as in
Var. 1,— Skirts of woods, alt, 8-10,000 ft, in Sikkim.
Var. 4. pallida ; leaves 2-3 in. narrow lanceolate spinulose pale and glaucous
beneath, fascicles few-flowered. — Bhotan, Griffith.
8. B. insig'xiis, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 226; erect, spines very few, leaves
evergreen large solitary or geminate elliptic or linear-lanceolate shining on
both surfaces spinous toothed, pedicels short thick, berries ovoid, stigma
sessile.
Humid forests of the Eastern Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft. ; from E. Nipal, H. /.,
to Bhotan, Griffith.
A beautiful holly-like bush, 4-6 ft. Leaves 3-7 in,, rather remote ; petiole short.
Flowers ^-20 in a fascicle, golden-yellow; pedicels 4-1 ^^-i curved. Petals 2-fid.
Berries ^ in,, black.
9. B. ulicina, H.f. <^ T. Fl. Ind. 227 ; glaucous, robust densely spiny,
leaves fascicled pungent margins thickened, pedicels very short, berries
small, stigma sessile.
Western Tibet; stony dry places in Nubra, alt. 14-16,000 ft,, T. T.
A small shrub, 1-2 ft. ; branches short, stout ; spines stout, rigid, base dilated.
Leaves 4 in., rigidly coriaceous, crowded, 1-2-toothed on each side. Flowers \ in.
diam,, orange-yellow, densely crowded'. Petals 2-fid, Ovary obscurely glandular,
4-ovuled. Berry black, glaucous.
*** Peduncles solitary {rarely 2-3"), l-flowered.
10. B. ang'ulosa, Wall. Cat. 1475 in part ; young shoots puberulous,
leaves small obovate or obovate-lanceolate puberulous, margins thickened,
peduncle exceeding the leaves stout curved, outer sepals equalling the
inner, berries broad pendulous.
Temperate Himalaya, Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt, 11-13,000 ft,, H.f.
A shrub, 4 1t. ; branches strict leafy; spines 3-5-fid. Leaves 1-1 4 in., fascicled,
thin, coriaceous, usually quite entire, o{)aque above, rather shining beneath ; nerves
subparallel. Flowers rather large. Outer sepals broad. Petals entire. Berries
^-4 in., globose or broad oblong, red, 5-7-8eeded, edible ; stigma sessile or style short ;
peduncle stout, curved.
11. B. macrosepala, ff. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 4744 ; erect or prostrate, gla-
brous, leaves obovate-oblong coarsely spinulose-toothed, margins thickened,
peduncle slender, outer sepals equalling the inner, berries large ovoid.
H.f (£' T. Fl. Ind. 228.
Interior of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 12-13,000 ft., H.f.
A small shrub, 2-4 ft. ; branches spreading ; spines slender, equalling the leaves.
Leaves fascicled, 4-1 in., usually glaucous beneath. Flowers rather large, peduncle
curved, glabrous. Berries ^-% in., red, 6-10-seeded ; stigma sessile.
12. B. concinna, H.f. in Bot. Mag.t. 4744 ; prostrate, much branched,
branches slender red glabrous, leaves small obovate spiuous-toothed white
112 VI. BERBERiDE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Berleris.
beneath margin thickened, peduncles slender, outer sepals half as long as
the inner, berries large oblong. //./. d' T. Fl. Ind. 229.
Interior valleys of Sikkim ; Himalaya, alt. 12^13,000 ft., H.f.
A small shrub, 1-3 ft., often forming appressed cushions, conspicuous for the deep
green upper and white under surface of its small deciduous leaves ; spines equalling
the leaves or shorter, 3-fid, slender. Leaves 4-f in., tip rounded or truncate. Peduncle
exceeding the leaves. Flowers bright-orange. Gerties ^-| in., pendulous, compressed,
many-seeded. . . ..
Doubtful species are (1) a shrub like ^. concinna and referred to it as var. p in Fl.
Ind., with angled and lobed spinous toothed leaves, found at 9-10,000 ft. in Kumaon
and Garwhal. (2) A Sikkim (alt. 9000 ft.) species allied to the above, in flower and
young leaf only, with obovate-lanceolate entire awned leaves, and fascicled or subum-
belled flowers on a slender peduncle.
5. EPIMSDZUM, Linn.
Herbs; rootstock creeping. Leavrs ternately compound. Flowers wliite
or coloured, racemed or panicled. Sepals 8, petaloid, in 2 opposite series,
outer smaller. Petals 4 opposite the sepals, hooded or spurred. Stameyis
4, opposite the petals ; anther-cells opening by recurved valves. Ovaiy 1;
style subulate, continuous with the dorsal suture, stigma dilated ; ovules
few or many, 2-.seriate on the ventral suture. Capsule elongate, unequally
2-valved, smaller valve deciduous, leaving the seeds attached to the persis-
tent larger. Seeds iew^ aril fleshy. — Distrib. Species about 8 ; temp. Europe
and Asia.
E. elatum, Morr. d- Dne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, ii 356; leaves 2-3-
ternate, leaflets ovate-cordate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acute, filaments
equalling the ovary, ovules 2-3. Dne. in J acq. Voy. Bot. 9, t. 8 ; //./. & T.
Fl. Ind. 231.
Wertekn Himalaya, Kashmir, Banahal and Kishtwar, alt. 6-8000 ft., Jacque-
movt, &c.
Stem 2-3 ft., slender, glabrous. Leaves 6-12 in.; leaflets 1-2^ in., lateral oblique,
membranous, spinulous-toothed. Panicle glabrous or glandular; bracts minute.
Flowers J in. dium., yellow-white. Anthers linear. Ovary linear ; style slender, per-
sistent. Capsule membranous. Seeds 2-3, reniform black.
6. POOOKPYZ.Z.UM, Linn.
Scapigerous herbs ; rootstock creeping, scaly, 2-1 caved. Leaves peltate,
palmately lobed. Flowers large, white or rose-coloured. Sepals 3-6, peta-
loid. Petals 6-9 (rarely 4). Stamens as many or twice as many as the
petals ; anther-cells opening by slits. Ovary simple ; stigma large, sessile,
peltate ; ovules many, on a broad ventral placenta. Fruit berried, many-
seeded. Seeds obovoid, imbedded in pulp. — Distkib. A N. American and
a Himalayan species.
1. P. emodi, Wall. Cat. 814 ; scape supra- axillary, stamens usually 6.
Royle III. 64 and 379 in note ; H.f. d T.Fl. Ind. 232. P. hexandrum,
Moyle I.e. ; Dne. in J acq. Voy. Bot. ii. t. 9.
Interior ranges of the Himalaya, alt. 9-14,000 ft., from Sikkim to Hazara,
descending to 6000 ft. in Kashmir,
Stem, or scape 6-12 in., erect, stout, herbaceous. Leaves 2, vernal, alternate, long-
petioled, plaited and deflexed in veuation, 6-10 in. diam., orbicular, 3-5-lobed to tm?
Podophyllum.] VI. BERberide^. (Hook. f. &. Thorns.) 113
middle or base; lobes cuneate, acutely serrate. Peduncle terminal in bnd, then appa-
rently supra-axillary or inserted on the petiole of the upper leaf. Flowers 1-1 4 in.
diam. /Sejials very deciduous. Petals 6, sometimes 4 {Boyle), obovate- oblong. Berry
1-2 in., ellipsoid, red, edible.
Order VII. NYMPH^ACEZB. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Aquatic perennial herbs. Leaves usually floating, often peltate, margins
involute in vernation. Scapes 1-flowered, naked. Floral-whorls all free,
hypogynous or adnate to a fleshy disk that surrounds or envelops the car-
pels. Sepals 3-5. Petals 3-5, or many. Stamens many. Carpels 3 or more
m one whorl, free or connate or irregularly sunk in pits of the disk ; stigmas
as many as carpels, peltate or decurrent ; ovules few, or many and scattered
over the walls of the cells, anatropous or orthotropous. Fruit formed of the
connate carpels, or of separate and indehiscent carpels, or of the enlarged
turbinate flat-topped disk with the nut-like carpels sunk in its crown.
Seeds naked or arilled ; albumen floury or ; embryo enclosed in the en-
larged amniotic sac. — Disteib. Temperate and tropical ; genera 8, species
30-40.
Suborder I. Cabombeae. Sepals and petals 3 each, free. Carpels free.
Ot)ules few. Seed^ albuminous.
1. Brasenia.
Suborder II. Nymphaeee. Sepals 4-6. Petals and stamens indefinite.
Carpels confluent with one another or with the disk into one ovary. Ovules
many. Seeds albuminous.
Sepals, petals and stamens ^-superior, inserted on the disk, which
is continent with the carpels 2. Nymphjea.
Sepals inferior ; petals superior ; carpels sunk in the torus ... 3. Barclaya.
Sepals, petals and stamens superior. Carpels sunk in the torus , 4. Euryale.
Suborder III. Neluxnbieee. Sepals 4-5. Petals and stamens indefi-
nite. Carpels irregularly scattered, sunk in pits of the turbinate disk.
Ovules 1-2. Seed exalbuminous.
6. Nelumbidm.
1. BRASBNIA, Schreber.
A slender aquatic, with a creeping rootstock. St^m branched. Leaves
alternate, peltate, floating ; petioles and peduncles clothed with mucus.
Flower red, peduncles axillary. Sepals 3. Petals 3, linear. Stamens 12-18;
anthers linear, slits lateral. Disk small. Ovaries 6-18, cylindric ; stigma
dilated, villous ; ovules 2-3, pendulous from the walls of the ovary. Carpels
coriaceous, indehiscent. Seeds albuminous.
1. B. peltata, Pursh. ; leaves elliptic-oblong, peduncles pubescent.
Pl.f. & 1\ Fl. hid. i. 246. Hydropeltis purpurea, Richard ; DC. Prodr.
112 ; Griff. I tin. Notes, 160.
BiioTAN near Punaka, alt. 6000 ft., Griffith; Khasia mLLs near Nonkreem, alt.
4600 ft., H.f. & T. — DisTiiiB. Eastern N. America; Eastern Australia.
Leaves 2-4 in. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals pubescent. Petals rose-red.
VOL. I. I
114 VII. NYMPH^ACEJ2. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)'^ [Nymphaa.
2. MYBIPKHIA, L.
Large herbs ; rootstock creeping. Flowers expanded, large, floating on
long radical scapes. Sepals 4, adnate to the base of the disk. Petals in
many series, inner successively transformed into stamens, all adnate to the
disk. Filaments ^QtSiloidi; anthers small, linear, slits introrse. Ovaries
many, in 1 series, sunk in the tleshy disk and with it forming a many-
celled ovary crowned by the connate radiating furrowed stigmas ; ovules
many, anatropous. Fi-uit a spon^ berry ripening under water. Seeds
minute, buried in pulp, enclosed in a sac-like fleshy aril. — Dijjtjrib. Species
20 ; most temperate and tropical regions.
1. N. alba, Linn. ; leaves cordate quite entire, flowers white, anthers
without appendages, stigmatic rays about 16 with cylindric appendages.
II,f.(i'T.FLInd.24l.
Kashmir lake, ah. 5300 fl. — Distrib. Europe, Siberia.
Leaves 5-10 in. diani., suborliculate, lobes contiguous. Sepals linear or ovate-oblnng,
nerves reticulate. Petals about 10, outer linear-oblong, equalling the sepals. Pollen
echinulate. Steda minute, striate and punctate.
Vak. KasJimiriana, H.f. & T. I.e. ; ovaries pubescent or villous. N. Cachemeriana,
Camhess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. ii. t. 10 ; N. alba, var. Kosteletzkyi, Planch, in Ann. Sc.
Nat. Ser. 3, xix. 33. — Kashmir, Jacquemont.
2. N. ZiOtus, Linn. ; leaves sharply sinuate-toothed, flowers white rose
or red, sepals obtuse ribbed, anthers without appendages, stigmatic rays with
clubbed appendages. //. /". d' T. Ft. Ind. 241. N. rubra, Poxh. Fl. Ind. ii.
576; W. lb A. Prodr. 17 ; ^Vight III. i.t. 10 ; Wall. Cat. '7255. N. Devonieusis,
Hook. Pot. Mag. t.'4665. N. edulis, i>C'. ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 578 ; Wall. Cat.
72-A.
Common throughout the warmer parts of India. — Distrib. Africa, Hungary, Java,
Philippine Islands.
Leaves 6-12 in. broad; young sagittate. Flowers 2-10 in. broad, very variable in
colour. /SWjo/.* oblong, 5-10-ribbed. Pirf^Zs linear or ovate-oblong. Filaments hvo&dly
dilated at the base ; pollen smooth. Seeds broadly ellips<ad, rough.
Y AR. 2>ube.'icen.'i, 11. f. &T. Fl. Ind. 241; leaves puberulous or pubescent beneath,
flowers smaller. N. pubescens, Willd.; W. & A. Prodr. 17 and 447 ; WaU. Cat. 7256 ;
N. sagittata, Edgw. m IVans. Linn. Soc. xx. 29.
3. N. stellata, Willd. ; leaves quite entire or obtusely sinuate-toothed,
flowers variously coloured, petals acute or taper-pointed, anthers with long
appendages, stigmatic rays terminating in short horns without appendages.
H.f. (i'T.FLIiid. I 243.
Common throughout the warmer parts of India. — Distrib. Africa.
Leaves orbicular or eUiptic,' often blotched with purple beneath, lobes acute or obtuse.
Flowers 1-10 in. diam,, blue, white, rose, or purple, slightly odorous. SepuU many-
veined, not ribbed, often streaked with fine short purple lines. Petals 10-30, linear-
oblong or lanceolate. Stamens 10-50; pollen smooth. Stigmatic rays 10-30. Seeds
Bubstriate.
Var. 1. cyanea, H.f. & T. I.e.; flowers medium-sized blue scarcely odoroup. — N.
cyanea, Roxh. FL Ind. iii. 577 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 17 ; Wall. Cat. 1253, A, D. N.
stellata jS, Bot. Mag. t. 2058.
Var. 2. parvijlora, H.f. & T. I.e.; flowers usually smaller blue. — N. stellata, Willd;
W.(& A. Prodr. i. 17 ; Wall. Cat. 7253, C & E.
Var. 3. versicolor^ H.f. d; T. I.e. ; flowers larger white blue purple or flesh-coloured,
stamens very many. — N. versicolor, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii.577 ; Bot. Mag.
t. 1189; Wall. Cat. 1251. N. punctata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 29. N.
Kdgeworthii and N. Hookeriana, Lehm. der Gatt. Nymph. 7 and 21.
Nymphma.'] vii. nymph^ace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 115
4. N. pyg'xnaea, Alton; very small, leaves oblong-orbicular or quite
entire, lobes acute, flowers white, stamens without p-ppendages, stigmatic
rays 4-8 broad ovate spoon-shaped. Bot. Mag. t. 1525 , H.f. <hT, FL Ind.
244
Khasia hills, Jenkins^ in marshes at Nonkreem, alt. 5600 ft., H. /. & T. — Distbib.
Siberia, N. China.
Rootstoch woolly with soft black hairs. Leaves 1-2 in. long, lobes diverging.
Flowers 1^-2 in. diarn. Calyx buse square ; sepals 4, obtuse. Petals about 10, obtuse.
Stamens 3-4-seriate ; pollen subgranular.
3. BARCZ.AVA, WaUich.
An aquatic herb ; rootstock short, villous. Leaves linear-oblong, hastate,
floating. Peduncles extra-axillary. Flowers red or purplish. Sepals 5, in-
serted at the base of the ovary. Petals numerous, 3-seriate, united into a
tube that is •confluent with the carpels. Stamens many-seriate, inserted on
a ring within the corolla-tube ; anthers pendulous from recurved fila-
ments, outer imperfect. Ovaries about 10, confluent, top conical; styles
conniving into a 10-rayed cone, stigmatiferous within ; ovules many, ortho-
tropous, parietally scattered. Berry globose, pulpy, crowned with the
corolla-tube and annular torus. Seeds spheric, echinate, albumen floury ;
embryo minute.
1. B. long'ifolia, ^Yall. in Trar^. Linn. Soc. xv. 442, t. 18; Hook. Ic,
PL t. 809, 810; Griff. Notal. 218, t. 57 ; //./. <h T. Fl. Ind. 246.
BiRMA and from Pegu to Mergdi,
Leaves 6-8 by 1-1^ in., membranous, smooth or pubescent beneath; petiole as long,
slender. Flowers J-lJ in. long, dull green outside, red or purple within, inodorous.
Fruit as large as a cherry.
4. EURVAX.E, Salisb.
A densely prickly aquatic ; rootstock thick. Leaves orbicular, corrugate.
Flowers violet, partially submerged. Sepals 4, erect, inserted on the edge
of the torus above the carpels. Petals numerous, 3-5-seriate, shorter than
the petals. Stamens many, many-seriate, fascicled in eights ; filaments
linear ; pollen spheric, 3-nucleate. Ovary 8-celled, sunk in the dilated top
of the torus; stigma discoid, depressed, concave; ovules few, parietal.
Berry spongy, crowned with the persistent sepals. Seeds 8-20, aril pulpy ;
testa thick, black, albumen mealy, embryo small.
1. E. ferox, Salisl. ; Roxb. Cor. Plant, iii. t. 244 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1447 ;
H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 245. E. indica and E. ferox. Planch. Etudes Nymph. 29.
Anneslia spinosa, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 573.
OuDE ; Jheels of Eastern Bengal, and Kashmir Lake. — Distrib. China.
Rootstock short. Leaves 1-4 ft. diam., elliptic or orbicular, green above, downy and
red or purple beneath, with strong spiny ribs. Flowers 1-2 in. long, bright red inside,
green and shining outside. Berry 2-4 in. diam. Seeils from a pea to a cherry in size,
much eaten roasted.
5. NEXiUMBIUXtl, Juss.
An erect large, water herb with milky juice; rootstock stout, creeping.
Leaves raised high above the water, peltate. Flowers rose-red white or
yellow. Sepals 4-5, inserted on the top of the scape, caducous. Petals and
stamens many, hyp^gyuoiis, many-seriate, caducous. AntJiers with a clubbed
I 2
116 VII. NYMPH^ACE-E. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Nehmhiim.
appendage. Ovaries many, 1-celled, sunk in the flat top of an obconic
fleshy torus, attachment lateral ; style very short, exserted, stifrma terminal,
dilated ; ovules 1-2, pendulous. Cai'pels ovoid, loose in the cavities of the
enlarged spongy torus; pericarp bony, smooth. Seed filling the carpel,
testa spongy, albumen ; cotyledons fleshy, thick, enclosing the large
folded plumule. — Distrib. Species 2, one Asiatic and Australian ; the
other W. Indian.
1. N. speciosum, Willd. ; Wight d- Am. Prodr. i. 16 ; Roxb. Ft. Ind.
647 ; Wight ILL i. t. 9 ; //. f. <!c T. Fl. Ind. 247. N. asiaticum, Rich, in
Ann. Mas. xvii, 249, t. 9. Nelumbo Indica, PoiV. Encycl. iv. 453. Cyamus
Nelumbo, Smith Exot. Bot. i. 59, t. 31, 32. C. mysticus, Scdisb. Ann. Bot. ii.
75. Nymphsea Nelumbo, Linn.
Throughout India, extending as far to the N.W, as Kashmir. — Distrib. Persia,
Malay Islands, China, Japan, Tropical Australia.
Peduncles &nd petioles 3-G ft. high, full of spiral vessels, smooth or j^iiJj|,^a]J scat-
Wpfl ^pi^ ^-kJfiK ^. Leaves 2-3 ft. diani., membranous, glaucous, cupped. Plowers 4-TTnh:
diXin!7wliitf or rose. Petals elliptic, concave, veined. Fruiting torus 2-4 in. diain.
Ripe carpels from the size of a pea to a small cherry. '
Order VIH. PAPAVERACEJB. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Annual or perennial lierbs ; juice usually milky or coloured. Leaves
radical or alternate, stipules 0. Flowers oiteii large, nodding in bud, regular,
hermaphrodite ; perianth and stamens very caducous. St/)a/s 2, hypogynous,
concave. Petals 4, 2-seriate, large, crumpled. Stameu.'i very many, fila-
ments slender ; anthers erect, slits lateral. Ovary 1-celled^ or 2-4-celled by
the produced placentas ; style short or ; stigmas radiating, connate and
opposite the placentas, or free and alternating with them ; ovules many-
seriate, parietal, anatropoiis. Carj>els dehiscing by pores or valves. Seeds
many, small, albumen oily and fleshy ; embryo minute, 2-lobed or 2-fid.
— DisTiUB. About 17 genera and 65 species, chiefly natives of the N. Temp.
Zone.
The European genera Glaucium and Rameria, both natives of Affghanistan, have
not been found in the Lritibb possessions.
* Capsule usually short, opening by short valves or pores.
Stigmas 4 or more, radiating on a sessile disk 1 . Papaver.
Stigmas 4-6, radiating from the top of a depressed style . . . 1.*Argemone.
Stigmas 4-6, decurreut on the top of the style 2. Meconopsis.
** Capsule short or long, dehiscing throughout its length.
Ovary 1-celled ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed 3. Cathcartia.
Ovary 1-celled ; style erect, stigma 2-4-lobed 4. Stylophorum.
. 1. PAPAVER, Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs, juice milky. Leaves lobed or cut. Flowers on
long pedimclcs. Ovary 1-celled ; stigma discoid or pyramidal with radiating
lobes opposite the placentas which project into the cell. Capsule short,
opening by small valves under the lobes of the persistent stigma. Seeds
small, pitted.— Distrib. Species about 12, temp. Europe and Asia, with an
Australian and a S. African representative.
Pa2)aver.] viii. pap averages. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 117
1. P. nudicaule, L. ; perennial, hairy, flowers orange-yellow, capsule
obovoid hispid. //./. & T. Ft. Ind. 249.
Western Tibet, alt. 16-17,000 ft., T. T., &c.— Distrib. Afifghanistan, Mts. of
Central and Northern Europe, N. Asia, Arctic regions.
Bootstock scaly. Leaves 2-4 in., all radical, obovate or oblong, pinnatifid ; lobea
linear-oblong, hairy. Scapes several, 4-12 in. Flowers 2-3 in. diam. Sepals densely
hairy,
^ 2. P. hybriduxn, L. ; leaves 2-3-pinnatifiti sparingly hispid, filaments
dilated upwards, capsule subglobose hispid, stigma convex rays 4-8.
Punjab near Peshawur, Vicary ; Jelam valley, Jacquemont. — Distrib. Afifghanis-
tan, W. Asia, N. Africa, Europe.
Annual, sparingly branched, 10-18 in. Leaves more or less cut into linear awned
segments ; radical petioled, cauline sessile. Flower 1-2 in. diam., scarlet, with a black
disk. Sepals hairy, obtuse. Capsule ^ in. long. Stigmatic rays reaching or exceeding
the edge of the disk.
3. P. Rhoeas, L. ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, filaments filiform, capsule sub-
globose glabrous, stigma convex rays 8-12.
Kashmir, Falconer^ &c. — Europe, W. Asia, N.Africa.
Annual, branched, hispid, 1-2 ft. Leaf-lohes more or less cut, ascending, awned.
Scapes with spreading or appressed hairs. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., scarlet ; pairs of
petals unequal. Stigmatic rays overlapping. Capsule stalked.
4. P. dubium, L. ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, filaments filiform, capsule
obovoid glabrous, stigma 6-1 2- rayed. M.f. (h T. Fl. Ind. 250. P. glabrum,
Royle III. 67.
Western Himalaya from Garwhal to Hazara, in cornfields. — Distrib. Afifghanistan,
Europe, W. Asia.
Habit of P. Rhoeas, but often glabrous, and leaf segments usually narrower ; hairs of
scape appressed. Petals scarlet, in unequal pairs. Capsule sessile.
P. soMNiFERXJM, L. ; leaves oblong amplexicaul lobed toothed and ser-
rate, filaments slightly dilated, capsule globose, glabrous, stigmatic rays 5-12.
Boxb. Fl.Ind. ii. 571 ; W. S A. Frodr. 17 ; WaU.Cat. 8118 ; H.f. dh T. FL
Ind. 250. P. amsenum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxv. Misc. 56.
Cultivated throughout India. — Distrib. Cultivated in temp, and warm regions of
Europe, Asia, and N. Africa.
Annual, 2-4 ft., glaucous, simple, rarely branched, usually quite glabrous. Leaves
ovate- oblong or linear-oblong. Floioer large, white purple or scarlet. Sepals glabrous.
Capsule 1 in. diam., stalked. Seeds white or black, — Opium poppy.
P. orientale, L., and P. Argemone, L., are common garden plants in India. i
1.-^ ARGEiyiONi:, Linn.
An erect prickly annual ; juice yellow. Flowershright yellow. Sepals 2-3.
Petals 4-6. Stamens indeHnite. O'yary 1- celled; style very short, stigma
4-7-lobed ; ovules many, on 4 -7 parietal placentas. Capsule short, dehiscing
at the top by short valves, that alternate with the stigmas and placentas.
Seeds many. — Distrib. A small American genus, of which the following
species is naturalized throughout India.
A. MEXiCANA, L. ; leaves sessile ^-amplexicaul sinuate-pinnatifid varie-
gated green and white. Boxh. Fl.Ind. ii. 571; W. (k A.Prodr.'x. 18; WigH
lU, t. 11 ; Wall. Cat, 8126 ; E. /. <Sc T. Fl. Ind, 251.
118 VTii. PAPAVERACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ArgemoTie.
By roadsides and in fields throughout India.
A robust herb, sometimes half- woody below, 2-4 ft., with spreading branches.
Leaves 3-7 in. Flowers 1-3 in. diam. Sepals homed at the top. Capsule f-l^ in.
long, terete, usually bristly, elliptic or oblong.
2. BZBCONOPSZS, Viguier.
Perennial herbs ; juice yellow. Leaves entire or lobed. Flowers solitary
or racemed, large, blue yellow or purple. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary
l-celled ; style distinct, stigmatic lobes radiating on its clubbed extremity.
Cajmde ovoid or elongate, with short valves below the persistent style.
Seeds many, small, rugose. — Distrib. Mountains of the N. hemisphere ;
species about 10.
* Scapes radical, \-Jlcwered.
1. IH.'simplicifolia, U. f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 252 • softly hairy, leaves lan-
ceolate entire or few-toutlied. Nook./. III. llim. PL t. 8. Papaver simpli-
cifolium, Don Prodr. 196 ; Wall. Col. 8125.
SuBALPiNE Himalaya, Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkiin, alt. 12-14,000 ft., H.f.
Root stout, fusiform ; neck villous. Leaves many, 2-3 in., tapering into a petiole.
Scapes stout, clothed with deflexed hairs. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., blue-purple. Sepals
hispid. Ovury cylindric; style ^ in., stigmas 5-8. Capsule 2 in., linear-oblong, covered
with deciduous hairs.
2. IWC. horridula, //./. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 252; prickly, leaves lanceolate
subentire.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 14-17,000 ft., JJ./.
Stem 0, or short. Leaves 3-5 in., obtuse or acute. Scapes 4-8 in., many, rigid,
erect, densely prickly. Flowers li in. diam., blue-purple. Sepals bristly. Capnule
^1 in., prickly, obovate or oblong; style J in., stigma conical. — Pos.sibly a state of Jf.
acukata. In abnormal flowers the petals are sometimes many and linear.
** Stems hafy. Flowers racemed or panided.
3. M. aculeata, Po7/le III. 67, t. 15,; prickly, leaves irregularly pinna-
tifid, flowers blue-purple, capsules short prickly and bristly. Wafl. Cat.
8122; //./. di' T. Fl. I mi 253; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5456. M. Gul. Walde-
mani, Klotzsch. Reis. Pr. Wald. t. 36.
Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon; alt. 11-15,000 ft.
Stem 1-2 ft., smooth, except the short scattered prickles. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong or
lanceolate, long-petioled ; cauline sessile. Flowers 2-3 in. diam.; jjcdicels slender,
prickly in fruit. Capsule 4-| in., densely prickly, obconic-obovate or oblong ; style
half as long.
4. Tfl. robusta, H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 253 * glaucous, sparsely hairy, leaves
pinnatifid, capsule linear-oblong 7-8- valvea clothed with spreading bristles.
Wall. Cat. 8121, 8124.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-10,000 ft. ; from Nipal, Wallich, to Kumaon.
Stem 4-6 ft. Leaves 8-14 in., pinnate, lobes pinnatifid, long-petioled, cauline sessile.
Flowers 2-3 in. diam., colour unknown, in subracemoee panicles ; pedicels 3-4 in.,
densely clothed with reflexed bristles under the flower, elongating in fruit. Sepals
bristly. Capsule 1 4 in-, densely bristly, at length glabrous ; style slender.
6. Bff. nipalensis, BC Prodr. i. 121 ; stellately pubescent and laxly
hairy, leaves sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, flowers golden yellow, sepals
Mecompsis.] viii. p^paverace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) \119
setose, capsule obovate-oblong 8-10-valved. Wall. Cat. 8123 A ; H.f. dc T.
Fl. Ind. 253 ; H.f. III. Him. Fl. t. 9. Papaver paniculatum, DonProdr. 197.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft.; Nipal, Wallich, Slkkira, H.f.
Stem 3-5 ft., stout, erect, nearly simple ; young parts clothed with soft golden villous
hairs. Leaves 10-16 in., oblong or lanceolate, softly pubescent when young. Flowers
2-34 iri- diiini., in elongated nearly simple racemes. Sepals densely tomentose and
bristly. Capsule 14-2 in., clothed with appressed hairs and stellate down ; style ^in.
6. 3M[. Walliohii, Hooh. Bot. Mag. t. 4668 ; slender, stellately pubescent
and softly hairy, leaves pinnatifid, flowers much panicled purple, sepals not
setose, capsule elliptic-oblong 5-valved. Wall. Cat. 8123 B; H. f <&; T.
Fl. Ind. 254.
Temperate Himalaya, alt, 9-10,000 ft. ; in Nipal, Wallich, and Sikkim, H.f.
Stem 4-6 ft., branched. Leaves 8-12 in., oblong or obovate-lanceolate, glaucous
beneath; long-petioled. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., many; pedicels short. Sepals densely
pubescent. Capsnle 1 in., elliptic-oblong, 5-valved, densely bristly.— There is much
.confusion in the Wallichian Herbarium amongst the specimens of the three last species
(which are included in his numbers 8123, 8124 and 8125), and which we suspect may
be reduced to two ; and we are further not sure to which Don's Papaver paniculatum
belongs.
3. CATKCARTIA, Hook. f.
A perennial softly hairy herb; juice yellow. Leaves long-petioled, cor-
date, lobed. Flowers racemed, golden-yellow. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary
1 -celled ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed ; ovules many, on 4-6 parietal placentas.
Capsule cylindric, dehiscing throughout its length by valves between the
placentas which remain attached to the persistent stigma. Seeds stro-
phiolate.
1. C. villosa, Hookf in Bot. Mag. t. 4596; H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 254.
Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft., H.f.
Stem 10-18 in., sparingly branched. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., long-petioled; 3-5-lobed,
lobes variously cut ; cauline shorter petioled and less divided, uppermost sessile.
Flowers few, 2-3 in. diam., in few-flowered racemes ; pedicels slender, curved. Cap-
sules 2-3 in., slender, erect, valves membranous.
4. STV1.0PK0RUBI, Nuttal.
Perennial herbs ; juice yellow. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers yellow or red.
Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary 1-celled; style erect, stigmas 2-4, ascending,
papillose on the inner surface; ovules many, on 2-4 parietal placentas.
Capsule ovoid-oblong or linear, dehiscing by 2-4 valves between the pla-
centas which remain attached to the persistent stigmas. — Distrib. Species
4-5, temperate European and Asiatic.
1. S. lactucoides, Benth. <fc Hooh.f. Gen. PL 53 ; laxly hairy, leaves
runcinate pinnatifid, flowers yellow. Dicranostigma lactucoides, H. f. dt T.
Fl. Ind. 255.
Inner ranges of the Garwhal Himalaya, alt. 11,000 ft., Stracli. & Winterb.
Rootstoch stout, woody. Stem 6-10 in. Leaves nnmerous, 3-5 in., glaucpus beneath,
segments broad ovate, hairy on both surfaces ; petiole winged ; cauline sessile. Scapes
3-4, slender. Flowers few, 2 in. diam., pedicels slender. Sepals pilose, tips horned.
120
Order IX. FUMARIACEiB.
Annual or perennial herbs ; juice watery. Leaves usually divided, seg-
ments not jointed. Flowei^s small, racemed, irregular, hermaphrodite. Sejmls
2, small, scale-like, deciduous. Petals 4, in usually very dissimilar pairs ;
2 outer larger, one or both gibbous or spurred ; 2 inner smaller, erect, tips
often coherent. Stameiis 6, in 2 bundles (4, free in llijpecoum)^ opposite
the outer petals ; anther of central stamen in each bundle 2-celled, of lateral
1-celled. Ovary 1 -celled ; style long or short, stigma obtuse or lobed ;
ovides 2 or more, amphitropous, parietal Fruit a 2-valved, many-seeded
capsule, or an indehiscent 1- seeded nut. Seech albumin(ms, raphe some-
times af)pendaged ; embryo minute. — Distrlb. Genera 7; species about
100, natives of the temp, and warm regions of the N. hemisphere.
Stamens 4, free 1. Hypecgum.
Stamens 6, diadelphous.
Outer petals both spurred ; capsule many-seeded 2. Dicentra.
One outer petal spurred ; capsule many- seeded 3. Coryi>ali8.
Oue outer petal spurred; fruit indehiscent, nut 1-seeded . . . 4. Fumabia.
1. KVPECOUM, Tournefort.
Low annual glaucous herbs. Leaves pinnatisect. Flowers yellow white
or purpUsh. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, spreading, 2 outer flat or slightly
concave, obovate, obtuse or obtusely 3-toothed ; 2 inner 3-lobed, midlobe
concave. Stamens 4, free, opposite tl»e petals, with sometimes a stalked
gland at the base of each ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled, septate within ;
style short, stigmiis 2, glandular at the tips ; ovules many, on 2 parietal
placentas. Caj>su/e slender, transversely septate within, breaking up into
joints or longitudinally 2-valved. aS'^cc/s compressed. — Distrlb. Species 4-5 ;
natives of the Mediterranean region and temperate Asia.
1. ZX. procuznbens, Litm. ; leaves 2-3-pinnatisect, flowers yellow,
outer petals 3-lobed, midlobe of inner toothed or fimbriate. H.f. d' T.
Fl. Incl 275.
Drier parts of the Punjaub, Peshawur, Vicary ; Mobltan, Edgeworih; Salt Range,
Fleming^ &c. — Distkib. W. Asia, Mediterranean region.
Stems many, procumbent, 3-12 in., slender. Leaves 2-4 in., segments linear or oblong,
cut; upper sessile, whorled. Flowers {qv/, ^ in. diam., pedicelled. Inner petals with
the lateral segments linear-oblong, obtuse, midlobe entire retuse or 2-fid. Fruit 1^-2^
m., J in. broad, curved, subcompressed, at length breaking up into 1-seeded joints.
2. K. leptocarpum, //. /. dc T. Fl. Ind. 276 ; leaves 2-pinnatisect,
flowers pale purple, outer petals obtuse, midlobe of inner oblong cucullate.
Sandy soil in Wkst Tibet, alt. 9-12,000 ft., T. T.; interior of the Sikkim Himalaya,
alt. 12-14,000 ft., ^./.
Stems msmy, procumbent, 6-12 in., much branched. Leaves many, 2-4 in., pinnae
4 in., distant ; pinnules oblong, sharply cut ; uppermost linear, whorled. Flowers ^-^ in.
diam., pedicels slender. Inner petals \o\>Qdi almost to the middle. Fruit ^in.^ very
slender, breaking up into 1-seeded joints.
2. BXCSNTRA, Borkhaus.
Glabrous, perennial rooted, climbing, slender herbs. Leaves decompound,
petiole ending in a branched tendril. Flowers yeUow or purple, in leaf-opposed
Dicentra,] ix. fumariace^. 121
pendulous racemes or corymbs. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, connivent;
2 outer oblong, concave, base saccate ; 2 inner clawed, tips cohering, keeled.
Stamens 6,diadelplious from the base or from above the middle ; mid-anther
of each bundle 2-celled, lateral 1 -celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style filiform,
stigma 2-lobed ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule dehiscing by
2 membranous (rarely fleshy) longitudinal valves, which leave the seed-
bearing placentas attached to the stigma. Seeds small, beaked, arillate or
not. — DiSTRiB. Several species, natives of temp. N. Asia and N. America.
1. D. torulosa, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 272 ; peduncles 6-8-flowered corym-
bose orsubumbellate, bracts fimbriate, capsule narrow torulose, seeds opaque.
Khasia hills, alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Stem 8-10 ft. Leaf-segments |-1 in., ovate to linear-lanceolate. Flowers J-| in.
long, golden-yellow ; pedicels 4 in. ; bracts as long, naembranous, linear. Filaments
with a short basal spur. Capsule li-3 in., linear. Seeds 1-seriate, granulate; aril
2-lobed.
2. D. Roylei, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 273 ; peduncles 2-4-flowered, bracts
lanceolate, capsule narrow not torulose, seeds shining.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Bhotan Griffith, to Simla, Lady Dal-
housie. Khasia hills, Griffith, &c.
Similar to £>. torulosa, but more slender, 2-4 ft. Flowers |-1 in. long, yellow,
sometimes tinged purple; pedicels 4-1 in., longer than the lanceolate membranous
bracts. Capsule 1-1 J by |- in. Seeds 2-8eriate, black; aril small.
3. D. scandens, Walj). Rep. i. 118 ; peduncles 8-12-flowered, bracts
very small, capsule membranous lanceolate, seeds smooth shining. H.f.
<k T. Fl. Ind, 273. Macrocapnos scandens, Royle. Dielytra scandens, Hon
Prodr. 198.
Temperate Himalaya ; alt. 5-6000 ft., from Nipal, WalUch, to Garwhal, Edgeworih.
Stem slender, flexuous, angled. Leaves alternate, segments J-1 in., oval oblong or
orbicular. Flowers |-1 in. long, yellow or purple ; peduncle 2-3 in., slender, often
leafy ; pedicels ^-1 in. ; bracts linear. Capsule l-l\ in., acute at both ends, style
^-^ in., valves membranous. Seeds finely granulate at the back.
4. D. thalictrifolia, //./. <C' T.M. Ind. 273 ; peduncle 8-12-flowered,
bracts very small, capsule fleshy ovate-cordate, seeds granulate. Dactyli-
capnos thalictrifolia, Wall. Tent. 51, t. 89 ; Cat. 1426 ; Sweet Brit. Fl. Card.
Ser. 2, t. 127.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith;
Khasia hills at the Kala Paid Bungalow, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. & T.
Very similar to D. scandens and posj^ibly not distinct specifically, but the capsule
is broader, | in. long, thick, fleshy, very tardily dehiscent, the style is stouter, and the
seeds finely granulate nearj the hiliim and coarsely so on the back. — It is common in
Sikkim, and the pods are drier and most dehiscent at higher elevations.
3. CORVDAI.IS, DC.
Erect or prostrate herbs, usuUy perennial rooted. Leaves lobed or cut,
upper sometimes opposite. Flowers racemed, rarely subumbellate, small,
white blue yellow or purple. Sepcds 2, small. Petals 4, erect, or conniving ;
2 outer dissimilar, anterior flat or concave, posterior gibbous or spurred at
the base ; 2 inner clawed, tips free or cohering, keeled. Stamens 6, diadel-
phous ; posterior bundle with a basal spur enclosed in the petal-spur ; mid-
anther of each bundle 2-celled, lateral 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style fill-
122 IX. FUMARIACE^. [Corydalis,
form, stigmas 2 minute or dilated ; ovules 2 or more, on 2 parietal i)lacentas.
Capsule ovoid oblong elliptic or linear, valves 2 uienibranous leaving the
seed-bearing placentas attached to the style. Seeds small, beaked, aril
fleshy or 0. — Distrib. Species about 70, temp. European and Asiatic, with
a few N. American and Cape species.
Sect. I. Erect leafy branched fibrous-rooted herbs. Capsule narrow
linear. Seeds 1 -seriate.
1. C. ophiocarpa, //. / d- T, Fl. Ind. 259 ; leaves 2-pinnatisect,
racemes lax many-flowered terminal and leaf-opposed, posticous petal eijual-
ling or exceeding the broad obtuse spur tip flat obcordate, anticous linear
concave, capsule tortuous.
Moist valleys gf the Sikkim-Himalaya, alt. 9000 fl., IT. f.
Stem 2-3 ft., slender, branched. Leaves 4-8 in., glaucous beneath, pinnae 1-2 in.,
pinnules obovate-obloiig, segments obtuse, mucronate, glaucous beneath. FLoicers
yellow; bracts minute, subulate, entire. <SV/>ai« orbicular, finibiiale. Fusticouspital
curved ; lateral united below the tip. Style slender, equalling the niany-ovuled ovary.
Capsule 1 in. Seeds small, black, shining, punctate ; funicle thickened.
2. C. flaccida, //. /. d: T. Fl. Ind. 260 ; tall, leaves 3-4-pinnatisect,
racemes terminal and axillary many-flowered, posticous petal twice as long
as the curved conical spur, tip spathulate 2-lobed, pod straight.
Moist valleys of the Sikkim-Himalaya, alt. 11-12,000 ft., 11. f.
Stem 2-3 ft., stout, erect, branched. Leaves 6-12 in., membranous ; pinnae 2 in. ;
pinnules subsessile, ovate or orbicular, obtuse, not glaucous beneath ; lobes rounded,
apiculate. Flowers \-\ in. long, brown purple ; racemes 2-6 in.; lower bracts leafy,
median cut or lobed, upper narrow. Seitals ovate, acute, toothed. Puslwous jx^tal
plano-convex, tip rounded winged. Style slender, twice as long as the linear ovary.
Capsule 1-li in., linear.
3. C. leptocarpa, //. /. d T. Fl. Ind. 260 ; diffuse, leaves 2-temately
pinnatisect, racemes Jong-ped uncled 2-7-fl()wered leaf-opposed, po.sticous
petal concave acuminate much shorter than the slender curved spur, pod
erect straight torulose.
Eastern Himalaya, in Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 8000 ft., H.f.
Stem 6-12 in., weak, branched, decumbent. Leaves 3-6 in., long-petioled, mtm-
branous, segments broadly t»bovate, deeply cut, lobes rounded, glaucous or not beneath.
Flowers 1-1 J in. lung, dull purple; bracts obovate or oblong-cuneate, cut. Sepals
minute, oblong, fimbriate. Posticous petal concave, narrow oblong, tip winged;
anticous spathulate, acuminate. Style sender, half as long as the linear ovary. Cap-
sule I-I4 in., narrow linear. Seeds l-seriate, black, shining, smooth; aiil broad,
2-lobed,
Sect. II. Root fibrous. Pod short, elliptic obovate lanceolate or subglo-
bose. Seeds 2-seriate.
* Root bulbous, or rootstock elongate, stem simple. Radical leaves few
or ; cauline opposite alternate or whorled. Racemes undivided.
4. C. rutaefolia, Sihth. Flor. Grcec. t. 667 ; leaves opposite or whorled
2-3-ternately cut, raceme erect 6-12-flowered, bracts entire, outer petals not
keeled equalling or shorter than the inflated obtuse spur. H. f. d' T. Fl. Ind.
262. C. diphylla, Wall. Cat. 1430 ; Ttni. Fl. Nep. 54. C. pauciflora, Ed(jew.
in Trans. Lmn. Soc. xx. 30. C. longipes, Don Prodr. 198 {not of DC).
Corydalis.] IX. fumariace>3E. 123
C. Hamiltoniana, Don Syst. Gard. i. 142. C. Griffithii, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2,
No. 1, p. 15 ; Griffith. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 658, f. 23.
Western Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft., from Kumaon to Marri, Fleming. — Distrib.
Mts. of the Levant, W. Asia, and Soongaria.
Rootstock ?\ei\(\Qr. Stem 3-8 in., erect, simple. Leaves 2-3, subsessile; segments
small rounded in much-divided leaves, more commonly \-\ in., ovate-oblong or linear,
entire or lobed, much veined. Flowers |-1 in, long, bright purple, tips dark ; bracts
oblong or lanceolate, veined, shorter than the pedicels. Sepals minute. Style shorter
than the oblong ovary ; stigma dilated. Capsule J in., ovate-oblong.
Var. 1 ; posticous petal dilated upwards very obtuse mucronale or emarginate.
Var. 2 ; posticous petal narrow concave acute. — C. verticillaris, DC. Prodr. i. 126.
5. C. cachemiriana, Royle III. 69, t. 16, f. 1 fradical leaves palmately
3-5-partite, cauline usually alternate 3-6-partite, flowers subumbellate,
lower bracts 3-fid, posticous petal about equalling the curved spur. H.f. d;
T. Fl. Ind. 263.
Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, alt. 9-12,000 ft., from Sikkim, E. /., to
Kashmir, Boyle.
Bulb small, scaly. Stem 2-6 in. Radical leaves long-petioled, early withering ;
cauline near the top of the stem, subsessile ; lobes ^-1 in-j linear, entire. Flowers
J-l in. long, bright blue with dark-blue tips ; racemes terminal, 3-8-flowered ; bracts
exceeding the pedicels. Sepals minute. Posticous petal concave, acute or acuminate.
Capsule linear-oblong, pendulous or deflexed.
6. C. polyg-alina, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 263 ; simple, leaves cauline alter-
nate, pinnate, racemes axillary and terminal 5-10-flowered, lower bracts
3-fid, posticous petal shorter than the straight obtuse cylindric spur.
SiKKIM-HlMALAYA, alt. 14-1 6^000 ft., H.f.
Eoot and radical leaves unknown. Cauline leaves 1-2 in., subsessile, pinnse in 5-6
pairs, lower 3-5-partite ; segments 1 in., narrow-linear, coriaceous, parallel- veined.
Flowers f in., yellow with a dark purple spot ; pedicels very short ; upper bracts
lanceolate. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, wing narrow. Capsule \-^ in., oblong. —
Allied to C. rutafolia, but distinguished by the habit, alternate leaves, axillary racemes,
and winged tips of the petals.
7. C. juncea, Wall. Tent Fl. Nip. 54, t. 42 ; Cat. 1429 ; erect, slender,
leaflets or leaves few narrow, racemes terminal many-flowered, bracts linear
entire, posticous petals longer than the short obtuse spur. H. f. <k T. Fl.
Ind. 264.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 12-14,000 ft. ; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, H. f.
Stem 1-1 4 ft. Leaves 4-1 in., linear-lanceolate, bract like. Flowers ^-| in. long,
bright yellow with purple tips; racemes 2-3 in. ; pedicels ^-f i"-, slender; bracts
half as long. Posticous petal very convex, back broadly winged. Capsules (unripe)
^ in., oblong, in much elongate racemes, pedicels deflexed.
** Eoot fusiform. Stem or scape simple, rarely divided, leafless or with
1-2 leaves. Leaves chiefly radical. Racemes simple. Spur equalling or
exceeding the petals.
8. C. crithmifolia, Royle III. 68 ; leaves all radical 2-3-pinnatisect,
segments narrow or broad, raceme terminal many-flowered, bracts narrow
much exceeding the pedicels. H. f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 264 ; Walp. Rep. i. 120
{a& C. epithymifolia, by error).
Subalpine and Temperate Himalaya, ascending to 14,000 ft., from Garwhal,
Munro ; to Kunawur, Jacquemont, &c.
Stem 3-12 in., rather stout, leafless. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., orbicular, pinnae long-
124 IX. FUMARiACEiE. [C&n/dalis.
petioled, segments linear and entire, or broad and cut into narrow lobes; petiole equal-
ling the stem. Flowers 1 in. long, pale yellow, tip purple ; raceme 1-3 in. long ; bracts
1-2 in. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, half as long as the slender spur. Capsules
small, oblong, pedicel recurved.
9. C. Falconerl, H. f. & T. ; erect, radical leaves 2-pinnate cauline
2 opposite, racemes terminal many-tiowered lax or dense, bracts linear-
lanceolate entire or cut, lowest 3-fid or pinnatifid exceeding the pedicels.
Western Tibet ; at Deotsu, Falconer,
Bootstock woody, base covered with withered leaf-sheaths. Stem 6-15 in., simple.
Badical leaves i'ew, long-petioled ; pinnae 1-2 pair, shortly-petioled; pinnules 3-partite ;
segments narrow, 3-nerved ; cauliue leaves above the middle of the stem, sessile or
petioled, 2-pinnate, lanceolate, 3-nei-ved. Flowers {-^ in. long, yellow ?, with purple
tips ; racemes 1-2 in. Fosticous petal vaulted, acute, back winged, equalling the
cylindric slightly hooked spur. Capsule ^ in., oblong, much longer than the persistent
style ; pedicel deflexed. iSeeds blacK, shiny.
10. C. elegrans, Wall. Cat 1435; erect or decumbent, radical leaves
pinnate cauline low down on the stem, racemes terminal, 6-14-fiowered,
Dracts large cuneate- oblong acuminate equalling or exceeding the pedicels,
flowers very broad. II. f. d' T. Fl. hid. 265.
Western Himalaya, alt. 13-14,000 ft.; from Kumaon, Minkworth, to Deotsu,
Falconer.
liootstock stout, woody. Stem 6-12 in., simple, base clothed with withered sheaths.
Badical leaves 3-4 in., petiole as long ; pinnae 2-5 pair, 1 in. long, subsessile, orbicular,
base cuneate, deeply .5-7-lobed, segments obtuse or mucronate. Flowers 1 in. long
(yellow with purple tips ?). Posticous petals very convex, broadly ovate, subacute, back
wing very broad, equalling the wide conical very obtuse spur. Capsules small, oblong ;
pedicels spreading or deflexed. — A rare and imperfectly known plaint ; its flowers are
very broad.
11. C. Govaniana, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nip. 55 ; Cat. 1431 ; stem stout,
radical leaves many oblong 2-pinnatisect cauline 1-2 or 0, racemes terminal
dense many- flowered, bracts broadly cuneate exceeding the pedicels cut
above the middle. Bo>/le III. t. 16, f. 2 ; //./ d^ T. Fl. Lid. 261.
Western Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft.; from Kumaon, Oovan, to Kashmir, T. T.
Bootstock woody, often branched, crowned with withered leaf-sheaths. Stem 1-2 ft.,
as thick as the thumb, almost naked or with 1-2 leaves near the top. Badical leaves
nearly equalling the stem, long-petioled, pinnules cuneatc-lanceolate, cut into linear
segments, 2 near the base. Flowers 1 in. long, bright yellow ; racemes 2-4 in. Posti-
cous petal very convex, back wing very broad, limb shorter than the curved slender
spur. Capsule 4-| in. ; style persistent, half its length.
12. C. tibetica, //. / <(: T. Fl. Ind. 265 ; small, decumbent, glabrous
or subpilose, glaucous, radical leaves many pinnatisect, cauline 1 or 0,
racemes terminal short 4-i2-flowered, bracts lanqeolate and entire or ovate-
oblong and cut.
Westeioi Tibet; alt. 14-17,000 ft., frorn Gugi, Strach. & Wint., to Balti. T. T.
Bootstock prostrate, densely crowned with withered sheaths. Stem 2-6 in., weak,
tufted, decumbent, rarely forked with a leaf at the fork. Radical leaves 3-4 in., oblong;
pinnae \-% in., orbicular or oval, cut to the base. Flowers % in., pale yellow, tips brown
or green. Posticous petal winged at the back, equalling the straight spur. Capsxde
i in., narrow oblong, about equalling the perbistent style; pedicel deflexed. Seeds few,
smooth. — Perhaps an alpine state of C. Moorcroftiana.
Corydalis."] ix. fumariace^. 125
*** Root fusiform. Stem branched (simple in 13, Moorcroftiana and 14,
Gortschakovii). Racemes often divided. Spur equalling or exceeding the
petals. (See also 24, crassifolia.)
13. C. Bloorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 1432; stout, erect, glaucous, more
or less glandular, leaves 2-3-pin natisect, racemes many-flowered simple or
branched, bracts linear or lanceolate entire or lobed. H.f. dh T. Fl, Ind.
266. .
Western Tibet; alt. 10-17,000 ft., from Gugi, Strach. <& Wint., to Balti, Moor-
croft. — DiSTRiB. AfFghanistan.
Rootstock stout, woody, densely clothed with withered sheaths. Stem 6-18 in.,
naked or leafy, simple or divided. Leaves 3-8 in,, oblong, pinnnae ovate or orbicular,
variously cut and lobed. Flowers | in. long, yellow, tips purple. Fosticous petal
obtuse, back broadly keeled, equalling the straight obtuse spur. Capsule 4 in., narrow
elliptic, acute at both ends ; style persistent, half as long. Seeds black, shining.
14. G. Gortschakovii, SchrenJc. Enum. Plant. Soongar. 100; stem
erect quite glabrous leafy, radical leaves decompound glaucous, pinnules
petioled, racemes dense many-flowered terminal and axillary, bracts leafy
incised. Ledeh. Fl. Alt. i. 746 \H.f.^ T. Fl. Ind. 267.
Tibetax Himalaya, from Gugi, Strach. & Wint., to Kashmir, T. T., and Hasora,
Jacquemont, &c. — Distkib. Soongaria.
Jtiootstock woody. Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched. Eadical leaves 6-12 in., leaves
long-petioled, ovate, pinnae and pinnules petioled, segments incised. Flowers §-1 in.
long, yellow, tips purple. Fosticous petal equalling the straight obtuse spur, dorsal
wing broad or narrow. Capsule and seeds of C. Moorcroftiana. — We have fragments
of a plant from Tibet, N. of Nipal, apparently intermediate between this and the last
species. The Soongarian specimens of this have simple stems and larger flowers than
the Himalayan.
15. C. ramosa, Wall. Cat. 1434; stem procumbent weak branched,
leaves decompound segments linear, racemes terminal many lax many-
flowered, bracts cut into linear lobes. H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 267.
Alpine Himalaya,. alt. 12-15,000 ft., from Sikkim, H.f., to Kashmir, T. T.
Glaucous. Stem 1-2 ft. (dwarf at high elevations), often leafy, flexuous. Radical
leaves few or many, long-petioled, 2-3 times divided, ultimate segments small narrow-
oblong or linear. Mowers 4 in. long, yellow; racemes 1-5 in. Fosticous petal dorsally
winged, hooded, equalling or shorter than the obtuse spur. Capsules obovate-oblong,
obtuse ; style persistent, pedicels detlexed. Seeds shining.
Var. 1. glauca; leaves very glaucous, segments very narrow, wing of posticous petal
broad subentire.
Var. 2. vaginans; leaves membranous less glaucous, segments broader, wing of
posticous petal lacerate.
Var. 3. nana; dwarf, alpine, leaves subsessile, wing of posticous petal very
narrow.
16. C. sibirica, Fers. Synops. ii. 70 ; subglaucous, branched, prostrate,
leaves 2-3-pinnate, segments 3-5 broad-ovate deeply cut, racemes lax few-
flowered terminating long slender branches, bracts small cut into narrow
lobes, spur recurved, seeds shining. //. /. <i' T. Fl. Ind. 268. C. Impatiens,
Fisch. in DC. Frodr. i. 128. C. longipes, DC; WaU. Cat. 1433; Tent. Fl.
Nij)' t. 42 {had, not of Don Frodr. \. C filiformis, Royle III. 65.
Himalaya, alt. 7-14,000 ft., from Sikkim to Garwhal; Khasia hills, alt. 6000 ft. —
DiSTRiB. Eastern Siberia.
Stem 1-2 ft., weak, much branched, leafy. Leaves membranous. Flowers yellow,
\ in. long. Fosticous petal hooded, acute, equalling or exceeding the very broad conic
126 IX. FUMARiACE^. [Corydalis.
obtuse spur. Capsule \-\ in., linear, or linear obovate, style very short. — ^Very variable,
and possibly a form of C. ramosa. Wallich's figure of C longipes is unlike his specimen
or those of any other plant, and is probably made up of several allied species.
17. C. comuta, Royle III. 69 ; glaucous, decumbent, branched, leaves
2-3-pinnate, pinnae cuneate-obovate or oblong, racemes terminal many-
flowered dense elongate, bracts small entire or cut, spur straight or tip
hooked, seeds opaque. H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 269. C. debilis, Edgew. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xx. 30.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-10,000 ft., from Kumaon, Strach. & Wint., to Kashmir,
T.T.
Habit of C. ramosa and sihirica. Leaves long-pet ioled, ultimate segments 3-5-fid,
lobes rounded. Flowers 4-| in., yellow, tips purplw; racemes 1-3 in. Pokicous petal
convex, acute, dorsally winged, shorter than the cylindric spur. Capttjiles variable,
linear-obovate or obuvate-oblong ; style short, persistent ; pedicels short deflexed.
18. C. chaBropliylla, BC. Prodr. i. 128; stem erect leafy branched,
leaves deltoid decompound, racemes terminal panicled, lower bracts leafy,
spur slender. Wall. Cut. 1428; 7hU. Fl. Nip. t. 40 (spur too short); Don
Frodr. 198 ; //./. <6 T. Fl. Ind. 269. C. geraniifolia, //./. l- T. Fl. Ind. 269.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; from Sikkim to Kumaon.
Htem 2-4 ft., branched above. Leaves pale beneath ; lower and radical 6-10 in.,
longpetioled, upper subsessile, lower pinnae petioled, second and third decurrent, ulti-
mate segments oblong, acute or acuminate. Flowers | in., golden-yellow, slender;
bracts oval or oblong, cut, upper entire. Posticous petal concave, acute, dorsal wing
naiTow, shorter than the spur. Capmles ^ in., broad-linear or linear-obovate, spreading;
pedicels short. Seeds few, shining. — C. geramifoUa is a large lax leafy state, with
much-cut bracts and more acute segments, found in humid districts of Sikkim.
***♦ Root lusiform. Stem simple or branched. Spur short saccate (ex-
cept 24, crassi/olia).
t Leaves 2-Z-pinnatisect or decovipound.
19. C. latlflora, //./. d; T. Fl. Ind. 370 ; dwarf, glaucous, stem simple,
leaves 2-3-piunate cauline 2 opposite, flowers 3-6 subumbellate, bracts
linear.
Alpine Himalaya ; Tunkra p.nss in Sikkim, alt. 1.5,000 ft., H. /. ,
Bootstock slender, 6-12 in., with many membranous oblong mucronate scales ^-1 in.
long. tStein or scape 2-4 in. Leaves- m:\ny, 1-2 in., ovate or ovate-deltoid, long-
petioled; pinnaj petioled, alternate, small, linear-oblong, acute. Floicers fin. long,
very broad, pale blue, tips yellow; bracts ^-li n., equalling the pedicels. Posticous
l^etal broadly winged, much larger than the obtuse spur.
20. C. stricta, Steplian; stout erect, simple or branched, leaves thick,
2-pinnate sheaths rigid, cauline similar, alternate, racemes short simple or
branched, bracts small subulate, capsules linear pendulous. Led. Fl. Alt.
ill. 244; Ic. Fl. Moss. t. 56. C. astra-alina, //./. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 270.
Western Tibet, alt. 14-16,000 ft. in Nari, Jacquemont, and Ladak, T. T. — Distrib.
Altai Mts.
Bootstoch crowned with rigid shining leaf-bases. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves many,
3-6 in., petioles long, oval or oblong, glaucous, pinnules cut into linear-oblong lobes.
Flowers §-| in., yellow ; pedicels short, slender, pendulous ; bracts white, membranous.
Sepeds lanceolate from a broad ovate obliquely cordate fimbriate base. Posticovs petal
nearly flat, abruptly acuminate, margins membranous, tip recurved. Capsules 1-1 ^ in. ;
style short, rigid. Seeds large shining.
21. C. meifolla, Wall. Tent. Flor. Nip. 52, t. 41 ; Cat. 1427 ; stem stout
erect leafy, leaves decompound segments linear or capillary, racemes
Corydalis.] IX. FUMARIACEJC. 127
many-flowered dense, lower bracts leafy pectinate, capsules oblong. DC.
Prodr. i. 128 ; H. f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 271. C. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Pr. Wald.
Peise, t. 35.
Himalaya, alt. 12-15,000 ft., from Sikkira to Kunawur.
Bootstoch stout, branched. Stems 6-18 in., simple or branched. Leaves very many,
4-8 in., oblong, segments crowded acuminate. Flowers \-% in., yellow, tips purple ;
racemes 1-2 in. ; lower pedicels often elongate. Posticous petal obtuse, dorsal wing
broad, twice as long as the obtuse spur. Capsules ^ in., pedicel curved. Seeds 4-6
shining.
tt Leaves simply pinnate (yr trisect.
22. C. flabellata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 30 ; glaucous, stem
erect rigid much-branched, leaves pinnate, pinnae 4-6 pair flabelliform,
racemes strict panicled dense-flowered, bracts very small, capsules linear.
H.f.&T.Fl Ind. 271.
West Tibet and Tibetan Himalaya, alt. 9-12,000 ft., from Kumaon, Edgeworth,
to Gilgit, Winterbottom.
Stem 2-3 ft., striate. Jjeaves 6-8 in.; pinnae distant, 4-1? ^^- diam., crenate or lobed.
Flowers 4-| in., yellow, curved, racemes 2-6 in. long; pedicels very short. Posticous
petoi obtuse, cucullate, twice as long as the decurved inflated spur. Caps«(2e 4-1 in.,
spreading or deflexed ; style slender. Seeds 8-10, dotted, shining. ^^
23. C. adiantifolia, H.f. dt T. Fl. Ind. 271 ; glaucous, stems many-
branched, leaves pinnate, pinnae 2-5 pair orbicular or reniform, racemes
terminal dense many-flowered, bracts subulate exceeding the buds, cap-
sules linear.
Western Tibet; Zanskar (not Kishtwar as in Fl. Ind.), alt. 12-14,000 ft., T. T.
Bootstock stout, woody, crowned with withered sheaths. Stems 6-18 in., branched
from the base. Leaves 3-6 in., linear-oblong ; pinnae remote, 4-1 in- diam., entire cre-
nate or 3-5-lobed, base cuneate or cordate. Flowers |-1 in., yellow, tips brown :
racemes 1-3 in, ; pedicels very short. Sepals membranous, long-subulate, base lacerate.
Posticous petal nearly straight, slender, abruptly acuminate, much longer than the in-
flated obtuse incurved spur. Capsule 1 in., acuminate at both ends ; style straight. —
Very near Cfiahellata^ but smaller, pinnae often cordate, and bracts setaceous like soft
bairs.
24. C% crassifolia, Royle III. 69 ; glaucous, stem simple, leaves thick
reniform 3-5-lobed or -partite, racemes terminal dense-flowered simple or
branched, bracts leafy obovate-lanceolate or spathulate entire, capsules
subglobose inflated. H.f. (t T. Fl. Ind. 261. C. crassissima, Cambess. in
J acq. Voy. Bot. 12, t. 11 ; Thorns, in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v. 17, and iv. t. 9.
C. physocarpa, Cambess. I.e. t. 12.
West Tibet and Tibetan Himalaya, alt. 14-17,000 ft., from Kunawur to Balti.
Bootstoch prostrate, woody. Stem 3-8 in. Badical leaves few, 2-5 in. diam., early
withering, almost fleshy, long-petioled ; lobes crenate or again lobed, with petioled
lobulate or palmati-partile (rarely piimate) segments ; cauline 1-3, subsessile. Flowers
f-1^ in., white or yellowish, varie^ated with purple, racemes 1-3 in. long. Posticous
petal broad, obtuse, wingless, equalling the cyliudric incurved spur. Capsule 1 in. diam. ;
style short, persistent.
4. rVBZARZA, Linn.
al herbs, usually branchec
very narrow. Flowers sn
or purplish, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Sepals, petals and stamens
of Corydalis. Ova^-y 1 -celled ; style filiform, stigma entire or shortly lobed ;
Annual, rarely perennial herbs, usually branched, often scandent. Leaves
much divided, segments very narrow. Flowers small, white, rose-coloured
128 IX. FUMARiACEJf. [Putnaria,
ovules 2, on 2 placentas. Fruit indehiscent, globose, 1-seeded.— Distrib.
Species about 8 ; usually agrarian weeds of the temperate regions of the
Old World.
1. P. parviflora, LamJc. sub-sp. "Vaillantii, Loisel (sp.) ; diffuse, leaf-
segments flat, racemes lax-flowered, sepals lanceolate much smaller than
the corolla-tube, pedicels exceeding the bracts, fruit globose rugose when
dry rounded at the top with 2 pits.
Indoganoetic plain, Lower Himalaya and Nilghiri Mts., a weed of cultivation. —
Distrib. : of the genus.
Pale green, much branched. Racemes 1-2 in. Flowers \-\ in., whitish or rose-
coloured, tips purple.
Order X. CRUCIFERJE. (By Hooker f. & T. Anderson.)
Herbs, rarely undershrubs ; juice watery, often pungent. Leaves cauline
and radical, the latter in a rosette, cauline alternate, exstipulate. Flowers
racemed, rarely solitary on scapes, or axillary. ^Sepals 4, free, 2 lateral (op-
posite the placentas) often large and saccate at the base, imbricate. Petals
4, free, hypogynous, placed crosswise, imbricate. Stamens 6 (rarely 1, 2, or
many) ; 2 outer opposite the lateral sepals ; 4 inner longer, in opposite pairs.
huk with usually 4 glands opposite the sepals. Ovary 2-celled by a pla-
cental membrane, or 1-celled, or with superimposed cellules ; style short or
0; stigma simple or with 2 lobes opposite the placentas; ovules 1-2 or oo,
2-seriate on two parietal placentas, rarely solitary and erect. Fruit either
a 2-celled 2-valved pod, the valves deciduous and leaving the seeds on the
persistent placentas i^i'eplum), or indehiscent, or transversely jointed. Seeds
small, albumen ; cotyledons large, plano-convex or longitudinally concave
or folded, foliaceous in germination ; radicle turned up on the back of one
cotyledon {incumbent), or facing the edges of both {accumbent). — Distrib.
Genera 172 ; species about 1200 ; natives chiefly of temperate regions of the
Old World.
Series A.
Pods long or short, dehiscing throughout their length, terete, 4-angled or
compressed dorsally (parallel to the septum).
Tribe I. Arabideae. Pods narrow, long. Seeds usually 1 -seriate.
Cotyledons accumbent. (Pods sometimes short in 2, Parrya, 5, Nasturtium
and 10, Notoceras; seeds 2-seriate in Arahis glabra, and in some species of
2, Parrya)
* Sej^als narrmjo, erect. Valves withoid horns or appendages. Stigmas erect,
connate or decm^ent on the style (2-lobed in some species of 2, Parrya).
Erect branched hoary herbs . . . .' 1. Matthiola.
Low alpine tufted scapigerous herbs 2. Parrya.
** Sepals broad or narrow. Stigma undivided or shortly 2-lobed. (See also
2, Parrya.)
Sepals erect, lateral saccate. — Hoarv leafy erect herbs .... 3. Cheirantiius.
Antbers of lone; stamens l-ccUed. — A minute herb 4. Atelanthera.
Sepals spreading, not saccate ; pods tumid, seeds minute 2-
seriate. Flowers usually yellow 5. Nasturtium.
Sepals not saccate; pods 4-angled; seeds 1 -seriate. Flowers
yellow 6. Barbarea.
X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 129
Sepals erect, not saccate ; pods flat, strongly nerved ; seeds
flattened. — Flowers white or rose 7. Akabis.
Sepals not saccate ; pods of Arabia but hardly nerved, usually
acute ; stamens simple. — Flowers white or purple .... 8. Card amine.
Sepals spreading, not saccate ; long stamens bent above the
middle. — A minute herb ; flowers few, purple ? 9. Loxostemon.
*** Valves with horns or appendages. ^
Pods short, valves septate within 10. Notoceras.
Tribe II. Alyssineae. Pods short, broad. Seeds usually 2-seriate.
Cotyledons accumbent. (Pod sometimes long and seeds 1-seriate in 11, Far-
setia^ and cotyledons rarely incumbent in 13, Draba. See also 2, Parrya.)
* Pods ^celled, many-seeded; seeds compressed, often winged.
Pods sessile ; seeds 1-seriate 11. Farsetia.
** Pods l-2-celled, 2- many-seeded; valves often tumid; seeds %striaJte, rarely
winged. (Sepals never saccate ; flowers white or yellow.)
Stamens often appendaged ; pods usually orbicular and 4-seeded.
— Hoary herbs " 12. Alyssdm.
Stamens not appendaged ; pods longer than broad, many- seeded.
Petals entire. — Hoary herbs 13. Draba.
Characters of Draba but petals 2-fid 14. Erophila.
Sepals short, spreading. — Glabrous herbs ~. . 15. Cochlearia.
Tribe IIL Sisymbrieae. Pods usually sessile, long, narrow. Seeds
usually 1-seriate (2 seriate in 19, Eutremd) ; cotyledons straight, flat, in-
cumbent.
*■ Stigmaiic-lohes erect, free, or connate in a cone.
Pod rigid, terete. Flowers white or purple 16. Malcolmia.
** Stigma capitate emarginate or shortly 2-lobed.
Stamens with a broad basal scale 17. Lepidostemok.
Sepals erect or spreading ; pod many-seeded, valves 1-3-nerved;
seeds usually 1-seriate. — Hairs simple or 18. Sisymbrium.
Sepals short, erect ; pods terete, valves 1-ribbed ; seeds usually
2-seriate. — Glabrous herbs 19. Edtrema.
Sepals long; pods compressed. — Leaves quite entire glabrous
glaucous ■ 20. CONRINGIA.
Sepals erect ; valves keeled. — Hairs appressed forked . . . .21. Erysimum.
Sepals suberect ; pods linear-lanceolate, flattened ; seeds few. —
A fleshy herb 22. Christo'lea.
Tbibe IV. Camelineae. Pods short or long. Seeds usually 2-seriate ;
cotyledons flat, incumbent. (See also 13, Draha.)
Seeds few, large. — Tufted scapigerous herbs 23. Braya.
Tribe V. Brassiceee. Poo?s short or long ; cotyledons .longitudinally
folded or deeply grooved.
* Stigma capitate, truncate or 2-lobed.
Pods long ; seeds 1-seriate 24. Brassica.
Pods long, compressed ; seeds 2-seriate 25. Diplotaxis.
Pods short, turgid, beaked ; seeds 2-seriate 26. Eruca.
VOL. I. K
130 X. CRUciFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.)
** Stigmas connate, forming an erect cone.
Pods long. — A glaucous large herb or untlerslirub 27. Moricandia,
Series B.
Pods short, dehiscing throughout their length, compressed laterally (at
right angles to the septum). (Pod indehiscent in 31, Megacarpcea.)
Tkibe VT. Xiepidinete. Cotyledons incumbent, straight curved or lon-
gitudinally folded.
Pods many-seeded; valves not winged 28. Capsella.^
Pods few-seeded ; valves winged or not 29. Lepidium.
Pods 2-seeded ; valves with 2 dorsal crests 30. Dilophia.
Tribe VIL Thlaspidese. Cotyledons accumbent, straight.
Pods indehiscent, 2-8eeded. — Tall herbs of umbelliferous habit .31. Meoacarp.sa.
Pods conipressed notched ; valves winged or keeled . » . . 32. Thlaspi.
Pods elliptic or oblong, acute ; valves keeled 33. Ibkkioella.
Series C.
Pods short, indehiscent, not jointed, usually hard, either 1-celled and
1 -seeded, or with 2-4 1 -seeded cellules in parallel series.
Tribe VIII. ZsatidesB. Characters of the series.
Pods 1-celled, oblong (ir linear, wing thick. — Glaucous herbs . 34. Lsatis.
Pods 1-celled, c^mbiform, wing incurved. — Glaucous herbs . . 35. Tauschebia.
Pods 1-cellcd, small oblong, with a thiu wing. — A glandular
twiggy underslirub 36. Dipteryoium.
Pods i -celled, wingless, globose with a subulate style.^A hairy
herb 37. Neslia.
Pods 2-celled, obliquely beaked 38. Euclididm.
Series D.
Pod^ long or short, transversely jointed ; joints indehiscent, or the lower
2-valved or reduced to a pedicel for the upper.
Tribe IX. Cakilineee. Characters of the series.
liOwer joint of pods a seedless pedicel, upper globose 1-secded . 39. Crambe.
Lower joint of pods a seedless pedicel, upper 2-cellcd, 2-scedcd 40. PHYbORHYXCHUS.
Series S.
Pods long, not jointed, indehiscent, either 1-celled and many-seeded, or
breaking up into many 1-celled 1- seeded indehiscent fragments.
Tribe X. Rapbaneae. Characters of the series.
Pods long, terete, hollow or septate ; seeds globose, 2-3-celled . 41. RaphanU8.
Pods short, curved, 4-angled, 2-3-celled, monilitbrm . . . .42. Goldbachia.
Pods short, curved, many-celled 43. Chorispora.
1. BIATTKZOZ.A, Br.
Annuals, or small undershrubs with hoary and sometimes stellate pubes-
cence. Leaves entire or sinuate. Flowers rather large, purple ; braeUs 0.
iStpals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals spreading, claws long. Pod
MattUola.] X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. &, T. Anderson.) 131
long, narrow, cylindric or flattened ; septum thick ; stigma small, erect,
lobes parallel, thickened or with short horns at the base. Seeds 1-seriate,
flattened, with a narrow membranous wing. — Distrib. About 30 species ;
natives of the Mediterranean region, Arabia and Western and Central
Asia.
M. incana, the common Stock, ami M. tristis are cultivated in the gardens of N.
India.
1. BI. odoratlssima, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 120 ; leaves petioled
lower obovate upper lanceolate sinuate or pinnatisect rarely entire. DC.
Prodr. i. 134 ; Bot, Mag. 1711 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 149 ; Griff. It. Notes, 282,
n. 767 ; H.f.^ T. i)i Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 134.
West Tibet in dry stony places, ascending to 12,000 ft. — Distrib. Westward to
Asia Minor and tile Caucasus.
A perennial, 1-2 ft. ; hoary with stellate pubescence ; root woody. Racemes long,
erect ; flowers few, large, purple, fragrant. PetaU f-1 in. ; limb linear-oblong or strap
shaped, waved or twisted. Pods 4 in., erect, rigid, flattened. Seeds as broad as th(
the
septum.
2. PARRYA, Br.
Small tufted herbs; rootstock thick, perennial, many-headed. Leaves
linear or spathulate, entire sinuate or pinnatifid. Flowers large, white
or purple, racemed or on scapes. Sepals erect lateral sometimes saccate at
the base. Pod much flattened, short and broad or elongated and narrow ;
valves smooth, with a midrib ; septum entire or divided, membranous or
hyaline ; style short ; stigma-lobes erect, decumbent. Seeds 1-2-seriate,
much flattened, with a membranous wing or wingless. — Distrib." Species
about 10, arctic or high alpine.
1. P. exscapa, Mey. in^ Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 38 ; leaves spathulate obtuse
entire or slightly toothed, scapes 1-flowered, seeds winged. Led. Ic. Fl.
Alt. t. 86 ; H.f. (h T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 135.
West Tibet, alt. 15-18,000 ft.— Distrib. Altai Mts.
Stemless, glabrous or pnberulous. Flowers purple, scapes shorter than the leaves.
Pods^-^ in. long, narrow, drooping. Stigma sessile. Seeds 1-2-seriate; wing broad,
membranous.
2. P. macrocarpa, Br. in Parry's Voy. aijp. 270 ; leaves entire or
sinuate-toothed, flowers corymbose, scapes much exceeding the leaves, pods
linear, seeds winged. Led. Fl. Ross. i. 131 ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. t. 15;
H.f. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 135. Neurotoma nudicaule and scapi-
gerum, BC. Prodr. i. 156.
Alpine regions of West Tibet, alt. 15-18,000 ft.— Distrib. Afifghanistan, Altai,
arctic Europe, Asia and America.
Slightly rough, very rarely glabrous. Leaves tufted, thick, petioled, lanceolate.
Flowers large ; scapes 6-12 in., rigid, many-flowered. Pods erect, linear, acute ; valves
strongly veined, rough. Seeds l-seriate, much flattened.
3. P. platycarpa, //./. <& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 136; leaves spathu-
late or obovate quite entire, scapes short few-flowered, pods ovate, seeds
not winged.
Eastern Himalaya, in the Tibetan region of Sikkim, alt. 16-17,000 ft., H.f.
EoOtstock covered with spongy old petioles. Leaves leathery, glabrous or with hairy
k2
VS2 X. CRUCIFER2E. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Parrya.
margins ; petiole long, base sheathing. Scapes pilose, thick, sometimes bearing 1 or 2
small leaves. Fods ^-l\ in., tapering into the short thick style ; valves thin, convex,
not veined, midrib distinct. Seeds few.
4. P. lanug'lnosa, //./. «£• T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 136 ; leaves spatliu-
late coarsely toothed, scapes woolly 8-1 2 -flowered, pods ovate-lauceolate,
seeds not winged
West Tibet; in Gugi,. alt. 17,500 ft., Strach. & Winterb.
Small, densely woolly. Scapes erect, 2 in. ; flowers small, racemose. SejmJs spread-
ing, woolly. Petals broadly spathulate, undulate or crisped. Pods acute, about J in.,
outline waving ; septum very narroV, sometimes 0.
3. CKZSZRANTKUS, Linn.
Hoary herbs, or undershrubs, with appressed bipartite hairs. Leaves
oblong-linear, entire or toothed. Flowers large, yellow or purple, racemed.
Sejjals erect, lateral saccate at the base. PdaU clawed. Pod 4-aiigled,
compressed ; valves 1 -nerved ; septum niembranous ; stigmatic-lobes short,
spreading. Seeds 1 -.seriate, flattened, without a border ; cotyledons accum-
bent, very rarely incumbent. — Distrib. Species about 12, natives of temp.
Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia, and arctic America.
The Wall-flower, C. Cheiri, is oiltivated in gardens in N. India, but is not indigenous.
1. C. parryoldes, Kurz. mss. (name only) ; hoary, leaves linear-oblong
entire all radical, flowers purple, style ^ in.
West Tibet ; in Spiti, Stoliczka.
Bootstock covered with withered petioles. Leaves all radical, 2-3 in., rounded at
the tip, clothed with fine dense tomentum. Scapes about 9 in,, many-flowered, elon-
gating during flowering. Pedicels |-1 in., erect, tomcntobe. Sepals ^ in., hairy, purple,
with a glabrous narrow membranous fringe. Petals ^ in., claw and base of the blade
dark purple. Pods (immature) curved and undulate, densely tomeutose ; style j^^ in.,
glabrous.
2. C. himalayensis, Comb, in J acq, Voy. Bot. 14, t. 13 ; leaves linear-
spathulate entire lobed or rarely subpinnatitid, flowers violet 'or puridish,
pods hairy, stigma sessile. C. himalaicus, //. /. d: T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v.
137.
West Tibet ; amongst rocks and loose stones, alt. 15-17,000 ft.
Bootstock xauiih divided. Stems 2-G in., numerous, leafy, tonientose. Leaves some-
what tufted. Floivers numerous, in rather dense terminal racemose heads, fragrant.
Sepals short, lanceolate, obtuse, lateral scarcely saccate at the biise. Petals twice the
length of the sepals, broadly spathulate retuse. Pods ^-14 in., linear, compressed;
valves with thickened margins. Seeds numerous, Bub-2-8eriate.
3. C. Stewartil, T. Anders.; leaves spathulate toothed at the tip,
flowers buflf then puri)le, pods glabrous, stigma sessile.
West Tibet, nearLadak, at 15-16,500 ft. elevation, Stervart.
Like the preceding but diflering in its glabrous pods and less divided leaves. Stems
nimierous, slender, erect in flower, depressed and spreading in fruit. Lower leaves
^-1 in., subcoriaceous, woolly ; upper smaller, linear, entire. Ba^emes terminal, sub-
capitate, fruiting 3 in. Sepals oblong, y\ in. Petals | in., broadly spathulate.
Podg 1-1 4 ^y h ^^v ei'Gct, secund, linear, tapering at both ends ; valves flat, herbac.'ous ;
stigmji broad ; midrib and reticulated veins distinct. Seeds small, ovate-oLlong, sub-
2 -seriate t cotyledons accumbent.
Cheiranthiis.] X. criTcifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 133
4. C. albiflorus, T. Anders. ; leaves subspathulate or linear-lanceolate
entire or sublobed, petals white, pods tomentose, style short. Cheiranthi
sp., //. /. (h T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 138, in note.
Zanskar in West Tibet, alt. 12-16,000 ft., T. T.
A small, hoary, minutely tomentose, tufted perennial. Stems slender, covered below
by withered petioles. Lower leaves loosely tufted ; upper linBar-lanceolate, entire,
rarely toothed. Flowers iu short, close racemes. Sepals linear, tomentose ; border
narrow, glabrous, membranous. Petals spathulate, obtuse or slightly retuse, white.
Very young pods linear, densely tomentose, many-seeded ; style short, glabrous.
4. ATEIiANTKERA, H. f. & T.
A minute slender annual, slightly rough with bipartite appressed hairs.
Leaves few, linear, entire. Flowers small, subsessile. Sepals erect, equal at
the base. Petals narrowly spathulate, emarginate. Anthers of all the
stamens with a short claw at the tip, of the long stamens 1-celled. Pod
linear, compressed; septum membranous; style short; stigma 2-lobed.
Seeds 1-seriate, flattened, without a border.
1. A. perpusilla, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 138 ; pods few
erect nearly 1 in. long, valves faintly nerved.
Zanskar in West Tibet, T. T.
5. NASTURTIUM, Br.
Terrestrial or aquatic, branched, glabrous or hairy herbs. Leaves entire
lobed or pinnatifid. Flowers sm^all, yellow, rarely white, sometimes bracteate.
Sepals short, spreading, equal at the base. Petals short, narrowed at the
base, scarcely clawed, or 0. Stamens 2, 4 or 6. Pod long or short, almost
cylindric ; valves faintly 1-nerved; septum thin, transparent ; style variable,
short or long and slender, stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds small, turgid,
2-seriate or irregularly 1-seriate ; cotyledons accumbent. — Distkib. Species
about 20, temp, and tropical.
1. N. officinale, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 110 ; aquatic, stem creeping
and floating, leaves pinnate, leaflets sinuate-lobed, flowers white. DC.
Prodr. i. 137 ; Griff. Itin. Notes, 275, n. 660 ; H.f. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
V. 130. (Watercress.)
RoHiLcuND, T. T. ; Punjab, Stewart ; also found near all the hill stations, but pro-
bably introduced. — Distrib. Affghanistan ; temp, Europe and Asia.
Stem much bi'anched. Leaves pinnate, the upper with 3-7 pinnules and a terminal
one, the lower cut into 3 repand segments. Flowers small, in short racemes. Petals
longer than the sepals. Pods ^-1 in., stalked, spreading or bent upwards. Seeds small
2-seriate.
2. N. palustre, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 191; suberect, radical leaves pinna-
tifid, flowers ebracteate yellow, pods short thick. N. terrestre, Br. in Hort.
Kew. ed. 2, iv. 110 ; H.f. (k T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158. N. heterophyllum
Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 202.
Abundant in the Temperate Himalaya, ascending to 10,000 ft. ; and in N.W. India
rare in Assam and Bengal. — Distrib. Many temperate regions.
-Stems weak, smooth, slightly hairy. Radical leaves numerous, petioled ; lobes broad,
often sinuate-toothed, terminal larger, ovate-lanceolate, much toothed ; cauline sub-
sessile; deeply toothed or pinnatifid. Flov)ers small, in long lax racemes. Petals about
equalling the sepals. Pods J-| in., slightly curved when ripe, pedicels either horizontal
or deflexed. Seeds crowded, 2-seriate.
134 X. CRUCIFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) ^Nasturtiwm*
3. N. indlcum, DC. Syst. Veg, ii. 199 ; erect, radical leaves deeply pin-
natifid, flowers bracteate or ebracteate yellow, pods long narrow. 11. f. <k
T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 138. N. madagascarie'nse, W. <C' A. Prodr. 19 j
Wight III. t. 13. N. heterophyllum, Blaine Bijd. 50. »Sinapis divaricata,
Roxb. Ft. Ind. iii. 123.
Common in damp places throughout India from Ceylon to Mishmi and Kashmik. —
DiSTRiB. Malayan Archipelago ; Philippines, China, Japan.
A rough hairy or sometimes glabrous annual. Stem 6-12 in., erect, striated,
branching from near the base. Loicer leaves petioled, rarely entire, lobes generally
toothed ; upper lyrate, frequently with small auricles. Bacemes long, many-flowered.
Flowers small. Pttuls e4naliing the sepals. Pods cylindric \-^ in., spreading or
ascending. Seeds very ntmierous, small, rugose, 2-8eriate. — Some of the states of this
variable plant closely resemble N. ^j<dustTe,hvii have longer and less turgid pods.
Var. henghalense ; DC. Syst. ii. 198 {Sp.); flowers bracteate, bracts sessile leaf like
shorter than the pedicels linear-lanceolate variously toothed or entire. H.f. & T. in
Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 139. — Eastern Bengal, Sikkim, and the Hooghly ; Assam and
Silhet to Chittagong, Tenasserim. — (China.)
4. N. montanuxn, WaU. Cat. 4778 {jmrtly) • radical leaves sinuate-pin-
natifid, flowers bracteate yellow, pods short turgid» H. f. <t T. Joum. Linn.
Soc. V. 139. Sinapis pusiUa, Koxh. Ft. Ind. iii. 125.
Subtropical Himalaya from Sikkim to the Punjab, ascending to 7000 ft. ; the
Khasia HiLi.a and Birma. — Distrib. Java, China, Japan.
An annual much resembling N. indicum, but less robust, with larger smoother less
divided leaves. Pods 1-1 4 in., Blender, not turgid.
6. BARBA2t£A, Br.
Perennial or biennial branched leafy herbs w^th angled stems and lyrately
pimiatifid leaves. Flowers yellow. Sejtals suberect, subequal at the base.
Petals with a broad claw. Pod long, linear, conii)ressed, 4-angled, many-
seeded ; valves hard, stout; usually strongly keeled. Seeds small, 1-seriate,
ovoid, without a margin; cotyledons accum bent. — Distrib. Species about
20, chiefly European.
1. B. vulg-arlB, Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 109; perennial, usually
branched, pods strongly keeled. DC. Prodr. i. 140 ; H. f. <& T. in Jo urn.
Linn. Soc. v. 139.
Temperate and subalpine Himalaya and W. Tibet; alt. 6-10,000 ft. — Disteib.
Europe, W. Asia, N. and S. Africa, Australia.
Stitt", erect, smooth. Stems 9-18 in., furrowed, green, leafy. Lower leaves petioled,
lyrate-pinnate, terminal lobe large, subrotund ; upper leaves sessile, obovate, entire
sinuate or pinnatifid at the base, lowest lobes auricled stem-clasping. Pods §-14 i"-i
numerous in a crowded raceme, narrow-linear, rigid ; pedicels erect or spreading ;
style about ^^ in., stout, .straight.
Var. 1. taurica, DC. Syst. ii. 207 (Sp.) ] ripper leaves ovate entire or toothed,
pedicels of the ripe pods almost horizontal, pods erect stout rigid a little curved,
style rather long and slender. Griff. Itin. Notes 306 n. 1047-1503. B. Iberica, DC. I.e.
208 ; B. arcuata, Jieichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 48 ; B. prsecox. Fries. Nov. 206, in Herb.
Kew. {not of of/iers).— Kashmir and W, Tibet, alt. 6-10,000 ft. (Affghanistan, W. Asia,
and throughout Europe.) — The fully ripe pods of Affghan specimens vary from |-14 in.
' Var. 2. sicula, Presl. delic. Prag. {Sp.) ; less robust, lower leaves lyrate, terminal
lobes ovate, lateral often wanting, upper leaves pinnate, segments linear, pedicels less
spreading, pods straight narrow compressed subtorulose, style short almost as broad as
the pod. — B. intermedia, Boreau Flor. Cent. France, ii. 40. — W. Tibet and Temperate
Himalaya, alt. 6-17,000 ft. ; Nilghiri Mts. (Asia Minor, S. Europe.)
Barbarea.'] x. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 135
2. B. data, H. f. <^ T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 140 ; biennial, simple, pods
faintly 1-nerved.
Inner ranges of Sikkim, alt. 11-13,000 ft., always near villages, H.f.
Glabrous or sparsely haiiy. Stem 2-3 ft., stout, generally simple, striated. Radical
leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, terminal lobe oblong obtuse sinuate ; cauline leaves auricled,
obovate, entire sinuate-lobed or coarsely toothed. Bacemes very long, few-flowered.
Petals bright yellow. Pedicels erect, thick, shorter than the pod. Pods ^-§ in., thick,
turgid ; style short, distinct ; valves convex, midrib iudistiuct.
7. ARABIS, Linn.
Glabrous or pubescent annuals or perennials, sometimes with stellate
pubescence. Radical leaves spathulate, often rosulate ; cauline sessile,
entire or toothed. Flowers racemed, ebracteate, white rarely purple or
rose-coloured. Sepals short, erect, lateral saccate. Petals entire, usually
clawed. Pod long, slender, linear, compressed ; valves smooth, flat, keeled
or ribbed ; septum linear, membranous ; stigma subsessile. Seeds ovoid or
orbicular, compressed, margined or wingless, 1- or sub-2-seriate ; cotyledons
accumbent. — Distrib. Species about 130, abundant in N. Asia, Europe, and
N. America, rare in the fe. hemisphere.
* Cauline leaves many, auricle at the base. Flowers racemose. Pods
glabrous. Seeds 2-seriate.
1. A. g'labra, Crantz. Stirp. Austr. 36; stem 1-3 ft., radical leaves
obovate-oblung hispid with stellate hairs, flowers small, pods erect crowded
glabrous. IP.f. d; T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 140. A. perfoliata, Lam. ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient, i. 167. Turritis glabra, DC. Prodr. i. 142. Reich. Ic. Ft. Germ.
t. 44, f. 4346. T. rigida, Wall. Cat. 4783.
Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 6-10,000 ft. — Distrib. Temp.
Europe, Asia, N. America ; Alps of Australia.
A stiff, erect, glaucous annual or biennial. Stem generally simple, striated, gla-
brous or slightly hairy at the base. Radical leaves spreading, soon withering, entire or
sinuate-toothed or pinnately lobed, rough on both surfaces ; cauline oblong-lanceolate,
entire, auricled, glabrous. Flowers straw-coloured or white. Fruiting racemes much
elongated. Pods 2-34 i^., pedicelled, narrow, linear ; valves flat, 1-nerved ; septum
crumpled. Seeds 2-senate.
** Cauline leaves many, auricled at the base. Flowers racemose. Pods
usually hairy. Seeds 1-seriate.
2. A. auriculata, Lam. Diet. i. 219 ; annual, stellately hairy, leaves
sinuate-toothed, cauline with obtuse or apiculate basal lobes, flowers small,
stigma sessile. Rich. Ic. Fl. Germ, t, 39, f. 4334; H.f. <&: T. Journ. Linn.
Soc. V. 141. A. Montbretiana and A. Aucheri, Boiss. I.e. 169, 170.
In Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., T. T.— Distrib. Aflfghanistan, W. Asia, Mediter-
ranean.
Stem 3-12 in., erect, simple or somewhat branched. Radical leaves spreading,
petioled, ovate-oblong, obtuse ; cauline ovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed. Racemes elon-
gate, lax. Flowers white. Poc/s i-1 4 in., hairy ?, narrow, straight, slender; stigma
small ; pedicel { in., stout, erect or spreading. Seeds 1-seriate, very small.
3. A. alpina, Linn. ; annual, hoary with forked or stellate hairs, leaves
coarsely toothed, cauline with obtuse basal lobes, flowers large, pods erect
or ascending. DC. Prodr. i. 142 \ E.f.& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 141.
136 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Arabis.
A. albida, iStev. ; DC I.e. 142. A. pterosperma, Edgew. in Trans. Linn.
/Soc. XX. 33.
Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Marri, alt. 5-12,000 ft. — Disteib. Alpine and
arctic Europe, Asia, N. America, Abyssinia.
Stems simple, or slightly branched. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, seldom entire,
radical spreading, petioled ; cauline sessile. J^Voicers ^ in. diam., white. Sepals
glabrous. Petals spathulate, with long claws. Pods \\-2\ in., naiTOw-linear, erect
when young, often spreading when ripe ; pedicels slender, glabrous or hairy. — The
Indian specimens differ from the more western in the glabrous sepals.
4. A. amplezicaulis, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 31 ; hispidly
pilose, leaves coarsely toothed, cauline with obtuse basal auricles, pods
norizontal or drooping, flowers large. 11./. <S: T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 142.
Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 4500-9000 ft.
A perennial resembling A. alpina, but larger, more robust, leaves broader, and hori-
zontal on almost drooping pods. Stevi 6-24 in., suberect, simple or slightly branched,
hirsute, especially below. Radical leaves 1^-4 in. long, obovate-oblong ; cauline sessile.
Jiacemes long, lax, many-flowered. Flowers white. Pods linear, acute ; style slender
elongated. Seeds larger than those of A. cdjiina, wingless.
*** Cauline leaves many (few in A. taraxicifolla), not auricled at the
base. Flowers racemed. Pods glabrous. Seeds l-seriate.
6. A. tlbetica, //./ (0 T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 143 ; perennial, stellately
hairy, leaves lobed or toothed, flowers small, pods suberect falcate. A.
Thomson i, 7/./. I.e.
In Kashmik and Western Tibet, alt. 9-16,000 ft., T. T., &c.
Stt7ns 4-8 in., numerous, suberect, branched, leafy. Padicnl leaves rosulate, petioled,
obovate or spathulate, more or less hairy ; upper cauline sessile, lanceolate or narrowly
spathulate, coarsely toothed or entire. Flowers numerous, white or pale pink. Sepals
acute, sparsely stellately hairy. Petals twice as long as the sepals, spathulate claw
short. Pods 1^ in., narrow linear, fakate, glabrous ; valves veined ; midrib distinct.
Seeds small, not margined — The fruiting specimens referred in Journ. Linn. Soc. to
A. Thomsoni belong probably to a Sisymbrium.
6. A. g-landulosa, Kar. eC- Kir. En. PI. Soong. in Bull. Soc. Imn.
Mosc. XV. 147; annual, glandular, leaves ^pinnatifid, flowers small, pods
suberect obtuse. //./. <£: 2\ in Journ. Liun. Soc. v. 143.
Tibetan region of Sikkim, alt. 14-16,000 ft., II. f.; Western Tibet near Ladak,
Stetcart. — Distrib. Soongaria.
Stem short, spreading, prostrate, leafy. Radical leaves \-\ in., petioled ; cauline
\-^ in., sessile, linear or entire. Petals J in., spathulate, claw short, pale rose or
white. Pods 1 in,, linear; style short tapering; pedicel short, thick, erect; valves
concave, veined, with a faint midrib. Seeds small, oblong, slightly flattened, not
margined.
7. A. taraxaclfolla, Anders. ; annual, hairy, stems spreading, radical
leaves many k)iig-i)etioled lyrate-pinnatifid or lobed, flowers few distant,
pedicels slender, pods very narrow, style long acute.
Punjab ; in sandy places near Peshawur, Stewart.
Stems 6-9 in., numerous, almost leafless, weak, glabrous above, subhispid near the
base. liadical leaves rough, hairy ; terminal lobe large, rounded, entire, rarely toothed ;
lateral short, narrow, entire obtuse; petiole 2-3 in. ; cauline leaves few, sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, entire or sinuate-toothed. Sepals pubescent or glabrous. Petals \ in.,
narrow-oblong, pale rose or white ; pedictils slender, spreading or suberect, glabrous.
Pods 14-2^ in., suberect horizontal or decurved, linear, flattened, glabrous; pedicel
^1 in. ; valves thin, veinless. — Closely allied to A. arenosa, L., but diflers in the form
of the leaves and length of the pod.
Arabis.] x. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 137
**** Flowers in leafless scapes.
8. A. nuda, Belang, Voy. Ic. {withoid number or description) ; leaves all
radical obovate-oblong entire or toothed, flowers small, pods erect glabrous.
Boiss. in A?m. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xvii. 54; H.f. & T. Journ. Linn. 8oc. v. 142.
Arabis scapigera, Boiss. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xvii. 54. Sisymbrium nudum,
Boiss. F. Orient, i. 214.
Kashmir, alt. 5600-6000 ft., T. T.— Distrib. AfiFghanistan to Asia Minor, and
N. Syria.
A small annual, with slightly hairy leaves. Scapes several, 1-5 in., erect, rigid and
not spreading, many-flowered, glabrous or slightly hairy at the base. Flowers yellow.
Sepals equal, obtuse, green, glabrous. Petals twice as long as the sepals. Pods
I-I4 in. on very short thick pedicels, straight or curved, linear, much flattened, obtuse;
valves with a distinct midrib and prominent veins. Seeds not margined; cotyledons
accumbent (hence an Arabis, but most closely allied to Sys. thalianum).
8. CARDAMINE, Linn.
Annual or perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent, often flaccid herbs.
Leaves entire lobed or pinnate. Flowers white, pale-purple or violet, very
rarely yellow. Sejmls equal at the base. Petals clawed. Pod narrow-linear,
compressed, tapering at both ends ; valves with a distinct midrib, opening
elastically; septum membranous ; stigma simple or 2-lobed. yS'eetis flattened,
without a border, 1-seriate; cotyledons accumbent. — Distrib. About 60
species, natives of the N. and S. temperate regions.
* Leaves not deeply Idbed or pinnatisect. \
1. C. violacea, Wall. Gat. 4782 ; stem stout simple erect, leaves sessile
amplexicaul lanceolate toothed, flowers large violet, style long. H.f. (k T,
in Joui-n. Linn. Soc. v. 145.
Temperate region, central Nipal, WallicJi.
Stem 2-5 ft. Leaves 3-5 in., tapering to the tip, auricles sagittate. Flovjers
racemed, ^-| in. broad. Pods | in., on thickened pedicels, erect, tapering at both
ends ; style ^ in.
2. C. circaeoides, H.f. d& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 144; annual, almost
glabrous, slender, leaves petioled cordate obtuse, flowers small white, style
short.
Moist woods in the interior of Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., J. D.H.
Stem 6-12 in., simple or slightly branched. Leaves thin, radical on much longer
stalks than the cauline, sinuate-toothed, lower lobes rounded. Bacemes few-flowered.
Pods 1 in., on short pedicels, erect or spreading, narrow-linear ; stigma broad.
** Radical leaves trifoliolate.
3. C africana, Linn. ; perennial, leaflets petioled crenate-serrate, flowers
dull white, funicles not winged. H. f. <k T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 144. C
borbonica, Pers. ; DC. I.e.; Thwaites Enum. 399; W. (Sc A. Prodr. 20;
Wight Ic, t. 941. C. anteniquana, DC. I.e. C. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4781.
Mountain woods of the Western Peninsula and CErLON. — Distrib. S. temp, and
tropical Africa ; Bourbon.
Stem 6-24 in., decumbent or erect, sparsely hispid or glabrous. Leaves long-
petioled ; leaflets broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, the lateral oblique at the base. Racemss
few-flowered. Flowers small. Pods I4 in., erect or ascending, tapering at both ends;
pedicels ^-f in.
138 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Cardamine.
4. C. trifollolata, H. f. d: T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 145 ; succulent
leaflets subsessile 3-lobed, flowers pale lilac, funicles not winged. Griff.
It Notes 121, No. 259.
Mossy streams in the forests of Bhotan, alt. 5500 ft., Griffith.
A small fleshy annual; rootstock short, creeping; stems 4-5 in., simple erect.
Hadical leaves on long very slender petioles, leaflets small, rounded, sparsely hairy
above, glabrous beneath, lobes obtusely pointed ; cauline few, shortly petioled, some-
times simple. Racemes subcorymbose, few-flowered. Sepals small, obovate, glabrous,
margin membranous. Petals ^ in. long, obovate, scarcely clawed.
*** Radical leaves {or all) pinnatisect.
5. C. subumbellata, Hook. mss. ; perennial, young parts with spread-
ing hairs, leaflets petioled irregularly lobed and crenate, flowers small, yel-
lowish-white, pods irregularly corymbose narrow lanceolate acute few-
seeded. C. hirsuta var. subumbellata, DalzeLl in Hook. Kew Joum. Rot.
1852, 294. C. nilagirica, JScJdecht. i?i Herb. Hohenack. No. 1493.
Shaded woods in the Concan, Malabar, and Ceylon.
Slender, diffuse, very like C. hirsuta, var. sylratica, but young parts laxly strigose
■with spreading hairs, inflorescence corymbose, flowers more yellow, and pods broader.
SteJii 3-10 in., branching from the roots. Leaflets 3-6 by ^-IJ in. Pods ^-\ in.,
sometimes solitary and axillary, 6-10-seeded. Seeds broad-oblong, remote ; funicle
dilated.
6. C. hirsuta, Linn., var. sylvatica, TJnk. (sp.) ; annual, glabrous, leaf-
lets petioled, petioles not auriclecl, flowers small white, stamens 6, pods
racemed erect acute or obtuse. C. hirsuta, //./. <L\T. in Joum. Linn. Soc.
V. 146 ; Wall. Cat. 4780. C. debilis, Don Prodr. 201.
All temperate regions of India ; and a WQcd of the cold season in Bengal. — Distrib.
General.
Stem suberect or decumbent, 3-12 in. Leaflets orbicular-ovate, toothed, and angled ;
of the upper leaves narrow. Petals narrow, erect, twice as long as the very small
sepals. Pods ^-1 in. ; style very short, except in var. oxycarpa.
V AB. oxycarpa (not C. oj-ycarpa, Boiss.) ; diflusely branched, pods acuminate, style
slender. — Hilly districts, common.
7. C. impatlens, Linn.; annual, erect, glabrous, leaflets shortly pe-
tioled, petioles auricled, flowers small white, stamens 6, pods erect. //. /.
d' T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 146 ; G^'iff. It. Notes 218, n. ,99. C. pectinata,
DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 264.
Temperate Himalaya from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 5-12,000 ft. — Distrib. Affgha-
nistan, temp. Europe and Asia.
Stems stiff", 6-12 in. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets small, ovate-oblong or lanceolate,
obtusely 3-5-lobed ; auricles of the stemUeaves sagittate. Petals linear, erect, very
minute, white, often 0. Pods 1 in., erect, very slender, linear, acute ; style subulate ;
valves smooth.
8. C pratensis, Linn. ; perennial, glabrous, leaflets in equidistant
pairs angled shortly petioled, flowers large white or lilac, pods huear erect.
H.f. & T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 145.
Hassora in Western Tibet, Winterbottom. — Distrib. N. and W. Asia, Europe,
Abyssinia, N. America.
Stem 1 ft. ; rootstock sometimes bearing small fleshy tubers. Leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets of the radical leaves orbicular or ovate, terminal larger ; those of the cauline leaves
linear-oblong, entire. Flowers corymbose when young. Petals spreading, three times
as long as the sepals. Pods 1 in. ; style short.
Cardamine.] X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 139
9. C. G-rlffithll, H. f. (& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146 ; perennial, erect,
leaflets sessile entire or sinuate, lowest pair at the base of the petiole,
flowers large deep lilac. Grif. I tin. Notes, 188. n. 996.
Wet places near Lamu in Bhotan, Griffith.
Rootstoch creeping; stem 1 ft,, angled and grooved. Leaflets in 3-6 pairs, ovate
oblong or rounded. — 'The specimens have no flowers, but Griffith has recorded their size
and colour.
10. C. eleg-antula, H.f. (^ T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146; very small,
annual, branched, leaflets linear-oblong in 5-7 remote pairs, flowers white
or rose, pods filiform. Hutchirisia sp., Griff. It. Notes, 195, n. 1079.
Wet rocks Chuka in Bhotan, alt. 6500 ft., Griffith.
Pale green, tender. Stem 2-3 in., slender. Leaves glabrous, pinnate ; leaflets petio-
lulate, small, fleshy, linear-obltmg, sublobed angled or quite entire. Racemes
lengthened, 2-9-flovvered. Petals white or rose, broadly clawed, thrice as long as the
email glabrous sepals. Pods % in., narrow-linear, on very slender, filiform, spreading
or drooping pedicels ; style short, a little narrower than the pods.
11. C. macrophylla, Willd. Sp- PI. iii. 484 ; stout, erect, perennial,
leaflets ovate or lanceolate crenate-lobed or pinnatifid, flowers large white
or deep violet, pods with very thick margins. DC. Prodr i. 152 ; H.f. dc T.
Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 145. C. polyphylla, I)on Prodr. Ft. Nep. 201. Dentaria
dasyloba, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Lmp. Mosc. xxx. n. 103.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-12,000 ft., from Sikkim to Kashmir. — Distrib. N.Asia,
Japan.
Leafy, glabrous or slightly pubescent ; rootstock creeping ; stem simple, herbaceous,
1-24 ft-) smooth, striated. Leaves all pinnate ; leaflets 4-3 in., 3-5 pairs, acuminate
or obtuse. Racemes erect, many-flowered. Pods J-l^ in., erect, tapering at both ends;
valves smooth, flat ; style ^ in., rigid.
Var. 1. dent aricef alia ; lateral leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate crenateor serrate
obtuse, flowers large white or violet, pods f-l^ io- — C. macrophylla, Led. PL Ross. i.
128,. — From Kuniaon to Kashmir.
Var. 2. foliosa ; lateral leaflets narrow-lanceolate acuminate subpinnatifid, flowers
white, pods I-I4 in- pale coloured. — C. foliosa. Wall. Cat. 4779. — Kumaon and Kashmir.
The smallest state of the species.
Var. S.lohata; leaflets ovate-lanceolate irregularly and coarsely lobed or cut, lobes
obtuse, flowers and pods as in var. foliosa, but the plant larger. — Kashmir, 6000 ft.;
Western Tibet, 13,000 ft.
Var. 4. sikkimensis ; tall and coarse, leaflets ovate-lanceolate obtusely serrate,
flower large deep violet, pods large and broad 1^ in. long pale brown. — Inner ranges
of Sikkim, 7000-13,000 ft. (The Lepchas use the leaves and young stems of this
variety as a pot-herb.)
1 9. XiOXOSTElHON, H. f. k T.
A diminutive tender annual, with a few petiolate, usually 3-foliolate,
leaves. Flowers small, corymbose, lilac. Sepals spreading, equal at the
base. Petals broadly ^spathulate, clawed. Filaments of the long stamens
thickened at the tip and recurved. Pod linear ; stigma sessile, 2-lobed.
Closely allied to Cardamine, but in the absence of ripe fru i 8 place cannot be
determined with certainty.
1. Xi. pulchellus, H.f. d- T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 14#
SiKKiM, in moist grassy places, alt. 10-13,000 ft., H.f.
Stem slender, filil'orra, tiexuous, glabrous, springing from a mass of toothed root-
bulbils. Leaves generally 3-ibliolate, rarely in 2 pairs ; leaflets subsessile, linear, entire,
apiculate. Corymb 3-6-flowered.
140 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Notocerat.
10. NOTOCBRAS, Br.
A small, stiff, depressed, branched, hoary herb, with bipartite adpressed
pubescence. Flowers vfhxte, in leaf-opposed racemes. Sepals equal at the
base. Petals small, linear-oblong. F(xls rigid, almost indehiscent, linear-
oblong, terete ; valves with a prominent keel j)rolonged at the tip into a horn ;
internally pitted opposite the seeds; style short; stigma capitate. Seeds
1-seriate, small, compressed, wingless ; cotyledons accumbent.
1. N. Canarlense, Br. in H art. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 117 ; Griff. If in. Not.
230, n. 225 ; JI. f. d' T. Jo^im. Linn. Soc. iv. 147. N. hispanicum, DC. ;
Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 17.
Fields and sandy places in the Pdxjab, Vicary, &c. — Distrib. Westward to the
Canary Islands.
jStems 6-8 in., spreading and branching from the base. Leaves linear-oblong, entire.
Hacemes short, many-flowered. Sepals covered with adpressed hairs. Pods i in., eub-
sessile, erect, hoary. Seeds 4-8.
11. FARSETZA, Desv.
Hoary ortomentose much branched twiggy undcrshrubs or herbs. Leaves
small, linear-oblong, entire. Floivers white pink or yellow, spiked or ra-
cemed. Sepals erect, connivent, lateral saccate at the base. Petals with long
claws. Pods sessile, linear or elliptic, much flattened ; valves convex, plane
or with a midrib; septum membranous. Seeds 1-2-seriate, suborbicular,
broadly winged ; cotyledons accumbent. — Distrib. About 20 species, na-
tives of S. Europe, W. Asia, and N. Africa.
1. P. Jacquemontli, //./. dh T. Joum. lAnn. Snc.v. 148; flowers
large, buds elliptic, sepals acute, pods narrow linear. Griff. Itin. Notes^ 218,
n. 105.
Sandy places in the Punjab and Sindh. — Distrib. Affgbanistan and Bclucbistan.
An erect, ratber rigid, boary perennial, covered with closely adpressed hairs attached
at their middle. Stems 12-18 in., branches virgate. Leaves \-l in., linear oblong or
linear. Sepals stngose. Pefa/* half as long again as the sepals. Pods 14-2 by |-Jin.,
compressed; valves flat, nerveless or faintly 1 -nerved ; stigma short, siiberect. Seeds
2-scriate. — It is impossible to determine from Burman's figure whether this is the
Arabis hcleopJdla, DC.
2. r. Kamiltonii, Pof/le III. 71 ; flowers small, buds small subglobose,
sepals obtuse. II. f. d: T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 148. F. linearis, Decaisne in
Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xvii. 150 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 808. Cheiranthus Farsetia,
Wall. Cat. 4081. Arabis incanescens, Munro, Plants of Agra ^ 6.
Upper Gangetic plain and the Punjab, from Agra Westwards. — Distrib, Affgba-
nistan, Arabia, Algeria.
More rigid and woody than F. Jacquemontii, covered with denser and finer closely
adpressed pubescence ; branches long, erect, virgate. Ijcaves linear, very narrow.
Flowers in long spicate racemes. JSepals strigose, margins scarions. Petals obovate, a
little longer than the sepals, pink. Pod 4-1 in. by ^ in., linear ; valves almost nerveless;
septum transparent; style slender. Seech 1-seriate. — C\o8Q:\y aWied to F, lovgisiliqua,
Dene., of Egypt and Arabia, but has .smaller flowers and shorter pods. F. linearis^
Dene., is certainly identical with the Indian plant although the Algerian specimens
have a slightly longer style, and a more 2-lobed stigma.
3. r. aeg-yptlaca, Turr. diss. Fars. i. t. 1, ex DC. Syst. ii. 287 ; flowers
large, buds cylindric, sepals obtuse, pod elliptic-oblong. H.f. <k T. Joum.
Farsctia,] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 141
Linn. Soc. v. 147 ; Griff. Itin. N'otes, 366, n. 11. F. ovalis, Boiss. Diag. viii.
32. F. Edgeworthii, H.f. (^ T. Jo urn. Linn. Soc. v. 147.
Punjab, in the Salt range, Edgeioorth, &c, — Distrib. Affghanistan, Arabia, N. Africa.
A rigid, hoary undershnib, with forked virgate branches. Leaves linear. Flowers
spicate, distant. Calyx cylindrical. Sepals \-^ in., hoary. Petals linear, obtuse,
twice as long as the sepals. Pods \-% by ^-\ in., erect, broad, elliptic-oblong; valves
flat, midrib indistinct or sometimes prominent ; style very short. Seeds usually 2-
seriate.
12. AZ.YSSUBI, Linn.
Small branching herbs or undershrubs, often rigid, pubescent, hoary, stel-
late or scaly. Leaves linear, entire. Flowers small, yellow or white, in ebrac-
teate racemes. Sepals short, erect or spreading, equal at the base. Petals
with short claws, entire or 2-fid. Filaments often winged or with tooth-like
appendages. Pods short, flattened parallel to the septum or turgid, orbi-
cular elliptic ovate obovate or oblong ; valves flat or concave or convex in
the centre and flat at the margin ; septum membranous, entire or perfo-
rated ; style varying in length. Seeds 2-10, flattened ; cotyledons accum-
bent. — Distrib. Species about 90, natives of S. Europe, Central Asia, and
Southern Siberia.
Alyssum {Kceniga) maritbnum is cultivated in gardens in N.-W. India.
1. A. mlnimuxn, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 464; leaves linear-oblong or
obovate, filaments winged, valve of pod tumid in the centre. Boiss. Fl.
Otient. i. 281 j H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148.
Kashmir, alt. 4-6000 ft., T. T.— Distrib. Affghanistan, W. Asia, S. Europe.
A hoary herb, with numerous stiff stems or branches, 6-8 in. long, spreading from
the base, ascending, everywhere except the petals and pods covered with stellate hairs
or scales. Racemes many-flowered, lengthening during flowering. Petals minute,
linear, white or faintly yellow. Filaments with entire or toothed wings. Pods as long
as their pedicels, orbiculaz', slightly notched, glabrous ; style very short, acute.
2. A. canescens, DC. Prodr. i. 164; leaves narrow-linear, filaments
not winged, valve of pod flat. H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. 149. A.
tenuifolium, DC Syst. ii. 322. Pilotrichum canescens and elongatum,
C. A. Mey. in Led. FL Alt iii. 66; Ic. PL Ross. t. 273.
Western Himalaya in Kumaon, and Western Tibet, alt. 14-17,000 ft.; T. T., &c. —
Distrib. S. Siberia.
A small, very hoary ,tomentose plant; woody stems short tufted. Leaves 1 in.,
densely tufted, obtuse, erect. Racemes corymbose, elongating in the fruit. Petals
orbicuiar-obovate, twice as long as the sepals, white. Pods ^ in., erect, on short filiform
pedicels, ovate, tomentose ; style slender, half the length of the pod ; stigma capitate.
Seeds 2, not margined.
13. DXtABA, Linn.
Small tufted herbs with stellate pubescence. Leaves entire, radical rosu-
late. Flowers white or yellow, rarely purple, in sliort ebracteate racemes,
or corymbs. Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals entire or emargiiiate,
claws short. Filaments simple. Pods compressed or turgid, elliptic oblong
or ovoid, rarely linear ; valves flat, rarely convex ; septum membranous ; style
short or long. Seeds 2-seriate, ovoid, compressed, not margined ; cotyledons
accumbent, rarely incumbent. — Distrib. Species about 80, natives of N.
temp., arctic, and alpine regions, and of the Andes of S. America.
142 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.)" [Draha.
Sect. I. Alzopsls. Roohtoclc stout, with many crowded tufta of
rosulate leaves, which are rigid, ciliate, with a stout midrib beneath.
1. D. g'laclalis, Adams in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. v. 106 ; leaves linear,
scapes naked, flowers yellow, pods twisted, style distinct. DC. Prodr. i.
167 ; H. f. & T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 160. D. setosa, Royle III. 71. D.
elegans, hoiss. Fl. Orient, i. 300.
Western Tibet and Kunawdr, alt. 10-15,000 ft. — ^Dtstrib. Arctic Asia and Ame-
rica, Soongaria, Rocky Mts.
iiootslender, woody; branches many, prostrate, tufted, covered below with withered
leaves. Leaves densely tulted, rather rigid, entire, rough and ciliated. Scapes 1-5 iu,,
numerous, erect, stiff. Floioers crowded near the summit of the scape. Pedicels and
calyx glabrous. Pods ^-^ in., erect, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. — Scarcely dis-
tinct from D, alpina, L.
Sect. II. Chrysodraba. Boot or roofstock stout, with many crowded
tufts of leaves. Leaves not rigid, without a strong midrib beneath, setose or
tomentose. Flowers yellow.
2. D. alplna, Zm?.; perennial, leaves densely rosulate oblong spathu-
lateor lanceolate, scape leafless or 1-leaved, pods elliptic glabrous straight.
//./. d: T. JoHi-n. lAnn. Soc. v. 150. 1>. radicans, Jioi/le III. 71. D. alpicola,
Klotzsch in Reise Pr. Waldem. 128, t. 36, f. 1 (bad). (D. algida, Adains;
Adamsii, Led. ; ochroleuca, Bunge ; polytricha, Zee/.)
Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir and in Western Tihet, alt. 12-17,000 ft.
— DiHTRin. Alps of W. Asia, N. Europe, the Hotky Mts. and Arctic regions.
Stems densely tufted, short or 6-10 in. Leaves \-\ in., covered with mi.xed simple
and branched hairs, or glabrous with ciliate margins. Scapes ^-6 in., 1-10-flowered.
Flowers rather large, subcapitate. Sei><tU usually glabrous. Pods ^\ in., shortly
racemose, 4-10-8eeded ; pedicels suberect, hairy or glabrous, long ; style very short.
3. D. elata, //./. <6 T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 150 ; annual, leaves loosely
rosulate spathulate obtuse, scapes with distant leaves, pods ovate- or
oblong-lanceolate acute twisted.
Subalpine inner ranges of Sikkim, alt. 11-13,000 ft., II. f.
Erect, 9-15 in., sparingly covered with simple and stellate hairs. Radical leaves
petioled, entire or rarely toothed. Floioers numerous, subcapitate. Sepals | in., hairy,
margin scarious. Petals twii e as long, ovate-oblong, clawed. Pods in long lax racemes,
once or twice twisted, glabrous when ripe ; pedicels 4 in., spreading or suberect, pilose,
lower often bracteate.
4. D. incoxnpta, Steven in Bull. Soc. Nat. Hist. Mosc. iii. 268 ; peren-
nial, leaves rosulate oblong, scapes naked, pod elliptic-oblong slightly
curved not twisted. DC. Prodr. i 168 ; Deless. Ic. ii. 44. D. tibetica,
var. y Winterbottomi, II. f. d' T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 152.
Western Tibet, alt. 11-13,000 ft., Falconer, Winterhottom.—Dimmh. Persia,
Caucasus.
A small very tomentose, hoary plant, with short naked branches from the crown of
the root, ending in tufts ofleaves. Leaves \~\ in., all tufted, oblong. Scapes \-^ in.,
pubescent, scarcely lengthening in fruit. Pods glabrous ; style short, bent or straight,
— The fruit of this plant was unknown when it was referred as a variety to D. tibetica ;
those of Falconer's specimens recently added to the Kew Herbarium have ripe pods,
which are similar to those of the Persian and Caucasian plant.
Sect. III. lieucodraba. Rootsiock biennial or perennial, with many
tufts of radical leaves. Leaves soft, flat. Floaers white.
/
3raha.] x. cruciferje. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 143
6. D. incana, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 170 ; stem leafy, rarely branched,
leaves usually toothed, pods elliptic-lenceolate acute hoary longer than
their pedicel. Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 14 ; H.f.<k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v.
151. D. bimalayensis, Klotzsch in Bot. Eeis. Fr. Wold. 127, t. 34 B (bad).
(D. conf usa, Ehr. ; gracilis, Led^j
Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to WESTERtf Tibet, alt. 10-17,000 ft. — Distrib,
Alpine and arctic N. Europe, Asia and America, Fuegia.
Hoary. Stems 1-10 in., erect. Badical leaves |-| in., loosely tufted or spreading,
elliptic or oblong-lanceolate or narrow-spathnlate ; cauline distant, sessile, ovate- or
oblong-lanceolate, toothed or rarely entire. Flowers small, white. Petals twice the
length of the sepals, obovate, notched. Pods raceraed, compressed, sometimes twisted,
tomentose ; pedicels J-^ in., erect, pubescent ; stigma subsessile.
The Tibetan and Himalayan specimens possess the characters of D. confusa, Ehr.,
usually having toothed cauline leaves, and stellately pubescent pods.
6. D. lasiophylla, Royle Lll. p. 71 ; stem sparsely leafy, radical leaves
crowded soft white, pods elliptic-lanceolate much twisted shorter and
broader than in D. incana. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 301 : H. f. (^ T. Journ.
Linn. Soc. v. 151. D. glomerata, Royle III. 71.
Alpine Himalaya and Western Tibet, from Sikkim to Kunawur and Ladak, alt.
12-18,000 ft.— Distrib. Turkistan.
Very like the preceding, but more hairy, and with shorter less leafy stems, and leaves
in closer tufts. Radical leaves g^-^in., oval-oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Stems simple,
erect, with 1-3 sessile lanceolate leaves. Flowers small, white, subcapitate. Fruiting
racemes elongate or snbcapitate ; pedicels very short. Pods once to three times
twisted. — Very closely allied to D. stellata, Jacq,, of the European Alps (D. siliquosa^
M. A. B., is probably identical), scarcely differing except in the twisted pod.
7. 1>- fladnitzensis, Widf. in Jacq. Misc. i. 147 and 17, f. 1 ; small
glabrous or pilose, leaves deusely rosulate lanceolate, scape slender leafless
or 1-leaved, pods elliptic-oblong or lanceolate straight glabrous. DC- Prodr.
i. 169 ; Reicli. Ic. Fl, Germ. xiii. f. 4237. D. Wahlenbergii, Hartm. Scand.
ed. i. 249 ; H. f. (h T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 151 (D. helvetica, Schleich; lap-
px)nica, Wahl. ; androsacea, Willd.).
Western Himalaya in Kumaon and Kunawur, and in Western Tibet, ajt. 13-
18,000 ft. — Distrib. Alpine and arctic Europe, Asia and America.
Leaves ^-4 in.', margins ciliate. Scapes 1-4 in., erect. Flowers few, capitate. Petals
short, scarcely clawed, white. Pods scarcely racemed ; style very short. — " We have
adopted the first name given to this species, which is that of the Carpathian plant,
with which the Indian quite agrees," T. Anderson.
Var. 1. homotricha; leaves stiffly ciliate glabrous or with simple hairs. D. Wah-
lenbergii, var. homotricha, Led. Fl. Ross, i, 150; H.f. & T. I.e. 151 (D. lactea, Kar.
& Kir.; D. altaica, Bunge). — S. Piti and Nubra.
Var. 2. heterotriclia ; leaves with mixed simple and stellate hairs. D. Wahlen-
bergii, var. heterotricha, Led. Fl. Ross. i. 150. D. pygmea, Turc.
8. X>. tibetica, ZT. /. <& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 152; loosely tufted,
woolly or hoary, leaves spathulate-lanceolate entire, scapes slender usually
leafless, pods hoary shorter than their slender pedicels.
Inner ranges^ of the Sikkim Himalaya, and Western Tibet; alt. 13-15,000 ft.
Leaves \-l in., nearly all radical, entire. Scapes 3-B in., 'numerous, erect, flexuous,
rarely with 1 or 2 sessile lanceolate leaves. Flowers subcapitate, rather large, white ;
pedicels 4-1 in., slender, erect. Pods ^-^ in. long, racemed, elliptic or linear-lanceolate,
flat or twisted; style very variable in length. — Both the following varieties ^especially
the first) are too closely allied to D. lasiojphylla and D. incana.
144 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Drdba.
Var. 1. TJiomsonii, H. f, & T. I.e.; leaves laxly or scarcely tufted hoary and tomen-
tose, pods linear-lanceolate not twisted, style nhort and stout. — Zanskar, Thomson.
Vak. 2. sikkimemis, H. f. & T. I.e.; leaves closely tufted except in very luxuriant
young shoots very woolly, pods long linear-lanceolate or short aud elliptic twisted, style
long slender.— Sikkim at 16,000 ft., IT./.
Sect. IV. Z>rabella. Annual. Scapes or stems leafy. Flov^rs white or
yellow.
9. D. xnuralis, Linn. ; stellately hispid, stems filiform flexuous, cauline
leaves broad t'llii»tic-ovate coarsely toothed, petals white minute, fruiting
racemes very long, pods horizontal oblong or elliptic on long capillary
spreading pedicels. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 302.
Kashmir, alt. 5600 ft. — Distkib. Asia Minor, N. Africa, Europe.
An erect, simple or branched very slender annual ; rather rough with short simple or
forked hairs, liadical leaves i-^ in., few, rosulate, obovate, entire or toothed ; cauline
few sessile, auricled or not. Flowers in a short raceme. Pttals small, narrow, entire,
white. Pods racemed, ^-^ in., quite flat, glabrous or scaberulous, stigma subsessile.
Seeds about 12.
10. X>. ellipsoidea, //. /. d: T. in Jow-n. Linn. Soc v. 153 ; stems
flexuous prostrate short interlaced, leaves toothed, flowers minute white,
fruiting racemes very short, flowers minute white, pods elliptic-oblong very
flat obtuse, stigma sessile.
vSiKKiM-HiMALAYA, a Weed in radish fields, alt. 15-16,000 ft., IT.f.
Much depressed, hairy, leafy. Leaves |-1 in., linear- oblong. Pods racemed, J-^in.
eoualling or shorter than their curved pedicels, flat, stellately pubescent; style 0. —
Differs remarkably from L>. muralis in its habit, flexuous branches, and short fruiting
racemes.
11. D. linearis, Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xvii. 167; Fl. Orient.
i. 203 ; stem simple erect, leaves entire or nearly so, flowers rather large
white, fruiting racemes long, pods erect linear. D. stenocarpa, JI. /. <k T.
J own. Linn. Soc. v. 153.
Das Kirim in temperate Western Tibet, Winterbottom. — Distrib. Mountains of
Persia,
Stem 6-12 in., scaberulous. Padical leaves rosulate, linear-oblong or obovate, thickly
clothed with lorked hairs; cauline 2-5. Petals narrow-euneate, entire. Poc?« .^-"1 in.,
in long racemes, on slender smooth ascending pedicels, tapering at both ends, straight ;
stigma ses.sile. Seeds many. — Near D. muralis but stiffer, with much longer and
racemed pods.
12. D. gracillima, //./ <C' T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 153; hoary, scapes
or stems many weak ascending, leaves subeutire, flowers small yellow, ra-
cemes long, pods linear erect.
Temperate Sikkim-Himalaya, alt. 10-13,000 ft., II. f.
St* ms 4-12 in. liadieal leaves spreadinjr, spathulate ; cauline few, near the base,
sessile, ovate. Scopes numerous, filifonn, flexuous. Pods 4 in., erect, tapering at both
ends, compressed, straight or curved, glabrous ; racemes occupying almost the whole
length of the stem; pedicels ^ in., filiform, spreading or deflexed, the lowest often twice
the length of the uppermost. JSeeds numerous.
14. EROPKZZiA, DC.
Small, delicate annuals, with entire spreading root-leaves. Flowers usually
small, white, on slender scapes. Sepals erect, equal at the base. Petals
EropUla.] X. CRUCIFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) ■ 145
obovate, 2-fid. Filaments free, without appendages. Pod oblong, elliptic or
linear, compressed ; valves membranous, flat or convex ; septum mem-
branous ; style very short. Seeds numerous, small, 2-seriate ; funicles fili-
form.— DisTeib. Species 5, European and W. Asiatic.
1. £. vulg-aris, DC. Draba vema, Linn. ; H. f. c& T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. V. 149; Griff. Itin. Notes 239, No. 312; 243, Ko. 364; 366, No. 7 ;
Ic. iv. t. 611.
Kashmir ; alt. 5-6000 ft. — Distrib. Affghanistan, W. Asia, Europe.
Leaves all radical, spreading on the ground, ovate or oblong, entire or toothed,
slightly hairy. Scapes 2-Q m., erect, glabrous. Pods I in., elliptic-oblong, at least
twice as long as broad ; pedicels long, slender.
15. C0CRZ.Z:ARIA, Linn.
Glabrous, often fleshy annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire or pinnati-
partite. Flowers white, 'rarely yellow or violet, corymbose or in short
racemes, rarely solitary on scapes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base.
Petals entire, shortly clawed. Filaments without appendages or teeth.
Pods globose ovoid or oblong; valves convex, turgid. Seeds 2-seriate,
rarely 1-seriate, compressed, without wings ; cotyledons accumbent. — Dis-
Teib. Species about 25, natives of N. temp, and Asiatic regions.
1. Ci flava, Ham. Hort. Bengh. 48 ; annual, diffusely branched,
leaves pinnatifid, pods globose. Hook. Ic. PL t. 805; H. f. c& T. Journ.
Linn. Soc. v. 154. C. alyssoides, DC. Prodr. i. 172. Camelina Caisir,
Wall. Cat. 4802. Alyssum cochlearioides. Roth.
Upper and lower Ganoetic valleys, from the Soane westwards to Kurnaul.
Erect, rarely depressed, glabrous, 1 ft. high. Boot long, fusiform. Leaves 4-5 in.,
lanceolate, lobes sinuate-toothed, lower petioled, upper smaller shorter petioled, auricled.
Pacemes numerous, long. Flmvers small, }elIow ; pedicels yg- in. Pods smooth, about
I in. diam; ; valves membranous, hemispheric, nerveless ; style short, thick. Seeds small,
numerous, rugose, funicles filiform.
2. C. himalaica, H. /. dh T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 154 ; small, pro-
strate, leaves long-petioled oblong-ovate, flowers racemed, pod elliptic.
Inner ranges of the Sikkim-Himalaya, alt. 14-16,000 ft., H.f.
A dwarf, prostrate, smooth, leafy, fleshy annual ?, with long fusiform slender root.
Leaves coarsely toothed. Flowers small, in short bracteate racemes. Sepals persistent,
slightly hairy. Pods slightly compressed, bejit, pubescent, 3-5-seeded ; valves thin,
membranous; septum disappearing in the ripe fruit. — Cochlearia altaica (Taphro-
spermum altaicum, 0. A. M.) very closely resembles this, but differs in the shape of the
leaves, pods and seeds.
3. C, scapiflora, //. /. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 154 ; stemless,
rootstock very stout, leaves linear-lanceolate or spathulate, scapes 1-flowered,
pods obliquely elliptic-oblong.
By melting snow rills in the SiKKiM-HiMALArA, H.f., and in Western Tibet, alt.
15-18,000 ft., Strach. & Winterh.
Small, stemless, fleshy, glabrous. Leaves tapering at the base into a long Hat petiole,
entire or with a few broad sharp teeth. Scapes 1^ in., flaccid. Fhicers large, pal©
lilac. Sepals glabrous, persistent. Pods ^-\ in. long ; sei>tutn evanescent.
VOL. I. L
146 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Malcolmia,
16. ZHAZ^COZiBIZA, Br.
Branching herbs, pubescence simple or" stellate. Ze^^fs entire or pi nna-
tifid. Flowers in lax racemes, white or purple. Sepals erect, equal at the
base. Petals linear, claws long. Filaments free, the longer ones sometimes
united in pairs. Pods elongate, cylindric, hard and dehiscing late ; peduncle
usually thickened ; valves 3-nerved ; septum membranous ; stigma erect,
lobes often united into an acute cone or decurrent along tlie short style.
Seeds 2-seriate towards the base of the pod, oblong, not margined; coty-
ledons incumbent. — Disteib. About 20 species, natives of W. Asia and the
Mediterranean region.
* Pods linear, elongate.
1. m. afrlcana, Br. Ilort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 121 ; leaves oblong or lanceo-
late toothed, flowers many small, r)ods straight hispid. DC. Prodr. i. 187 ;
Griffith liin. Notes 2G0, No. 513 ; //./ <0 T. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. v. 155.
Fields and waste places in the Punjab, Kashmhi, and Western Tibet, ascending to
13,000 ft. — DisTKiB. W. Asia, Mediterranean region.
Stont, leafy annual, 14 ft., rough with stifl" forked and simple hairs; branches many,
long, somewhat spreading. Leaves 1-6 in., petiok-d. Floictrs near the ends of the
branches. Petals obovate-oblong, twice as long as the persi.stent sepals, purple or white.
Fruiting racemes 6-12 in. long; pedicels yV in., erect, as thick as the j)ods. Path 2-3
in. long, narrow, linear, very rough with short forked hairs ; valves prolonged into a
short blunt horn ; stigma short, conical, tapering to «n acute point. — Varies greatly in
pill escence, size of the leaves, and length and thickness of the pedicels and pods. — A
very rough variety with small flowers has been distinguished as j3 stenopetala (J/.
Stcnopttula, Led.).
2. M. torulosa, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 226 ; leaves narrow toothed or pin-
natifid, flowers small, pods torulose usually contorted or recurved. Sisym-
brium torulosura, Desf. Fl. Atlant. ii. 84, t. 159 ; Z>6'. Prodr. i. 195; H. /.
<C* T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163. S. contortuplicatum, 1)C. Prudr. I.e.
PusjAB at Peshawur, Stewart. — Distkib. Westwards to Syria and N. .\frica.
A depressed annual or biennial, with numerous spreading and ascending stifiF, stout
bra.iches, 6 or 8 in. long, hispid with still spreading simple or lork'ed hair.*-', rarely
glabrous. Badical leaves 1-3 in., numcj-ous, oblong lanceolate, acute ; cauline shorter
and less divided. Floxcers small, subessile, white. Pods %-\ in., on very short
thick })(dicels, slender straight recurved or contorted, hispid. Seeds small, oblong,
l-seriate.
** Pods long or sIioH, subulate.
3. XM[. strig-osa, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 224; glabrous or hispid below only,
leaves oblong-lanceolate repand or toothed, pods 1-1 1 in. long. — //. /. d' T.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 155.
In the Salt range, Pusjab, Flemivg, Steuart. — Dsitrib. Affghanistan, Beluchistan,
Persia.
A stout, depressed or suberect, rough, hairy annual, soon dividing into a few rather
rigid short branches 6-18 in. long, lladical leaves long petioled, spreading on the
ground, 2 or 3 in. long ; cauline shorter and more entire. Flowers numerous, sc^-sile,
in racemes 2-12 in. Petals about 4 in., sometimes twisted, linear, dark purple, rarely
white, limb bn ader than the claw. Pads terete, stout, thickened at the base, tapering
to an obtuse point, spreading horizontally or decurved ; base with short branching and
long spreading forked hairs, less hispid above. *See</« .8ub-2-beriate at the base of thfr
pod, l-seriate above. >
Lepidostcmon.] x. cruciferjs. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 147
17. X.EPZDOSTSI«ON, H. f. & T.
A dwarf annual with a short leafy unbranched stem. Leaves narrow,
toothed. Flowers yellow, on long subcorymbose pedicels. Sepals short,
equal at the base. Stamens free ; all the filaments with a broad appendage.
Pods linear, elongate ; valves smooth ; septum entire, hyaline, nerveless ;
style very short ; stigma 2-lobed. Seeds 1-seriate, oblong, flattened, with
long slender free cords.
1. Zi. pedunculosus, H.f. <& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 156.
Interior valleys of Sikkim-Himalaya ; rocky hills at Tungu, alt. 14-15,000 ft., JET.f.
A dwarf alpine of peculiar habit, 1 in. high, covered with soft forked hairs. Stem
erect, simple. Leaves numerous, ^1^ in., oblong or narrowly spathulate, deeply sharply
toothed. Flowers numerous, rather large, subcorymbose ; pedicels | in., erect, downy.
Sepals erect, pilose, persistent. Petals short, obovate, emarginate. Pods 4 in. (imma-
ture), erect, downy. Seeds unknown ; affinity hence doubtful.
18. SZSiri^BRZUM, Linn.
Glabrous hairy or tomentose or hoary annual or biennial herbs. L^eaves
entire lobed pinnatifid or pinnatisect. Flowers yellow, white or rose- coloured,
in lax often bracteate racemes. Sejmls sh6rt or elongate, equal at the base
or the lateral saccate. Petals with long claws. Stamens free ; filaments all
simple. Pods elongate, cylindric or compressed, rarely tetragonal ; valves
convex, usually 3-uerved ; septum membranous ; style short, stigma 2-
lobed. Seeds generally numerous, 1-seriate, not margined, with filiform
cords ; cotyledons incumbent.— Distrib. Species about 80, chiefly European
and Oriental, with a few representatives in most temperate regions.
Sect. I. Arabidopsis. Flowers white purple or rose-coloured. Valves
of the terete or compressed pod 1 -nerved or nerveless. — (Distinguishable
from Arabis by the cotyledons only.)
* Caidine leaves sagittate.
1. S. mollissimum, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 140; glabrous or
hairy, leaves entire or toothed, flowers capitate ebracteate, pods slender erect
glabrous, pedicels slender. Led. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 262 ; H. /. i: T. Journ.
Linn. Soc. v. 160.
Temperate Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 8-10,000 ft. (to 16,000 in
Sikkimj ; Western Tibet, alt. 12-14,000 ft.— Distrib. Altai.
An erect rigid biennial or perennial. Stem solitary or 2 or 3 from the same root,
9-18 in. high, simple or with a few stiff erect branches. Leaves 1-2 in., shortly
petioled, obovate-lanceolate ; cauline oblong, sagittate and stem-clasping, gradually
smaller upwards. Flowers purple or white, racemes elongate and lax in the fruit ;
pedicels slender, erect, \-\in. Pods 1-1^ in., straight; valves convex; veins indis-
tinct; style short, slender.
Var. glaherrima ; all parts glabrous or only the lower part of the stem puberulous.
— Western Himalaya, Tkomson ; Western Tibet, Falconer.
2. S. himalaicum, H.f. (& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 160 ; hispidly to-
mentose, leaves sinuate-toothed, flowers racemed bracteate, pods erect or
spreading glabrous or pubescent.
Tf'mperate Himalaya, from -Sikkim to Kashmir, alt, 10-12,000 ft.
Like the preceding, but smaller and more branched, hirsute, with mixed simple and
L2
148 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Sisijmbrium,
stellate hairs. Stem erect,witli numerous spreading or ascending stiff branches. Leaves
radical petioled ; upper clasping the stem by sagittate auricles. Pods 1-1 4 in. long,
terete, straight ; pedicels bhort, stout, spreading, each with a leaf like bract at the
base ; valves striate.
3. S. foliosuxn, H.f. dc T. inJourn. Linn. Soc. v. 160; sparsely hairy,
leaves broad toothed, flowers racemed glabrous, pods slender curved gla-
brous much compressed.
Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft., Tlwmson.
A suberect or decumbent herbaceous much branched annual, with scattered stellate
hairs, 6-12 in. high. Ead'cal leaves soon withering, Hp;ilhulate, shortly petioled;
cauline larger, 1-24 in. long, oblong or obovate, s^essile, auricles l<mg sagittate stem-
clasping, coarsely toothed. Flowers small, wh'te, ebracteate ; pedicels ^ in., slender,
usually spreading, sometimes ascending or deflexed. Pods \\ in., in long racemes,
spreadinij, ascending or the lower sonmlimes deflexed, iitraight or curved, with a few
stellate hairs; valves thin, flattened, striate.
** Leaves not jnnnatijld ; cauline not sagittate or aurided.
4. S. Thalianuxn, Gmj d: Monn. in Gaud. Fl. Helv. iv. 348 ; annual,
radical leaves ])etioled obovate, flowers small white, pedicels very slender,
]^>ds very slender suberect curved glabrous compressed, seeds flattened.
%)iss. FL Orie^d. i. 214; //. /. d' T. J own. Linn. Soc. v. 163. Arabis
Tlialiana, Linn. ; DC. Frodr. i. 144. Conringia Tlialiaua, Reich. Ic. Fl.
Germ. t. 60, f . 4380.
Temi)erate Himalaya, from Bhotan to Kashmir, and in We.stern Tibet; alt.
5-10,000 ft. ; Pu^J.^B, Stewart. — Distrib. Ten)p. Europe, Asia, Abyssinia.
An erect, shnder, branching animal, 4-12 iu. high, slightly hispid with scattered
spreading simple and forked hairs or glabrous. Leaves 1-3 in., toothed or entire;
cauline few, remote^ sessile, generally entire. Racemes slender, elongate ; pedicels j-4
in., spreading or ascending. Pods ^-1 in., narrow linear ; valves convex, 1-nerved; style
short. Seeds very small ; cotyledons obliquely incumbent.
5. S. lasiocarpum, H.f. d; T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 163 ; annual, slen-
der, erect, hispidly pubescent, leaves small radical obovate-s]»atliiilate,
flowers lilac, pedicels short, pods short straight terete densely pubescent.
Griffith Itin. Notes 188, No. 901.
Lam moo and Panya in Bhotan, Onffith.
Simple, rigid, 9-18 in., hoary and pubescent with mixed simple and stellate hairs.
Radical leaves ^-1 in. long, few, shortly petioled, sinuate-toothed ; cauline small, sessile,
obovate. Flowers small. Sepals pubescent. Pods '\ in., erect; valves convex ; nerve-
less ; style very short.
6. S. rupestre, Fdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 33 ; annual, erect,
branched, hoary, radical leaves linear-oblong sinuate-toothed, cauline
sometimes cordate at the base, flowers shortly ])edicelled, pods subterete
glabrous or puberulous, slender. //. /. d: T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 162.
In the dry region of the Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 8-14,000
ft. ; Piti in Western Tibet, Thomson.
Stem 6-18 in., stiff, branching ; hairs forked, with a few scattered stellate ones.
Radical leai'es shortly petioled, A-1 in. ; cauline sessile, entire or toothed. Racemes
few-flowered, bracteate throughout or towards the base ; fruiting elongate, lax. Flowers
ipurple or white. Sepals pubescent; pedicels i^^r-^ in., puberulous. Pods H-l^ in.,
erect or spreading, compressed ; valves with an indistinct central vein.
7. S. humile, C. A, Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. ill. 137; perennial, dwarf,
hoary, difi'use, radical leaves oblong, cauline petioled, flowers shortly pedi-
Sisymh'ium.] x. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 149
celled, i)ods straight terete torulose. Led. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 147 ; H.f. d: T,
Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163.
Western Tibet, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Winterhottom, &c.— Distrib. Siberia, Arctic
America.
Subhispid, hoary, rarely green and glabrous ; rootstock woody. Stem 1-8 in., decum-
bent or ascending, simple or branched. Radical leaves ^-1 in., many, crowded, sinuate-
toothed or entire, cauliue small. Flowers rather large, white or lilac. Sepals eiect,
pubescent or glabrous. Fods ^-1 in., pedicels short erect, cylindric, subhispid qr gla-
brous, veins obscure.
8. S. strictum, H. f. dc T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 161 ; annual, erect,
lioary, leaves linear-oblong sinuate-toothed, cauline sessile, pedicels slender,
pods erect curved terete slender glabrous, valves costate. Malcolmia stricta,
Camb. in J acq. Voy. Bot. i. 16, t. 16.
Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 5-10,000 ft. ; Western Tibet,
Winterhottom, Falconer.
Stem 9-24 in., simple, rigid, scabrous. Leaves 1-1 ^ in. long, lower narrowed into a
short petiole ; upper gradually diminishing along the stem, lanceolate, subentire.
Racemes at first dense, elongate and lax in fruit. Flowers small, pale rose coloured.
Pods 1-2 in., narrow, on spreading or ascending pubescent pedicels 4 in. long ; valves
convex, with a prominent midrib ; style short, tapering.
9. S. axillare, H. f. (k T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 162 ; small, annual,
depressed, leafy, radical leaves spathulate lobed or toothed, cauline sessile,
flowers white bracteate, pedicels slender, pods very slender, valves nerveless."
Griff. Itin. Notes 195, No. 1074.
Bhotan, on dry rocks and walls near Chupcha, alt. 8000 ft., Griffith; inner ranges of
Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft., //./.
Diffuse, slender, subhispid or tomentose, branches prostrate leafy 3-6 in. long.
Radical leaves shortly petioled, 1 in, long; cauline ^-f in., ovate or oblong, rounded at
the tip. Flowers rather large, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves ; fruiting raceme
elongate, lax, leafy; pedicels long, spreading or ascending. Pods \ in., terete, straight
or slightly curved; subtorulose. — The Bhotan and Sikkim specimens agree in all essen-
tial characters, but the Bhotan ones from growing in a dry situation are smaller and
much more hoary than those from Sikkim, where they were found in shady forests.
*** J^ eaves pinnatifid.
10. S. Wallichii, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158; perennial, his-
pidly hairy, radical leaves small runcinately lyrate, flowers small white or
rose, pedicels fihform, pods long very slender. Arabis? leptocarpa, Wall.
Cat. 4784.
Dry parts of the Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft.
Salt Range, Stewart. — Distrib. Affghanistan,
Stem 6-18 in., rough and hairy, especially near the base, with simple forked and
stellate hairs, slender, erect. Radical leaves 1-3 in,, crowded, spreading; terminal lobe
large; cauline few, short, \-\\ in., linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid or almost entire.
Flowers white, changing to pale pink. Fruiting racemes long, lax, terminal; pedicels
\-\ in., spreading. Pods 2-34 i"-i spreading, curved, glabrous ; valves slightly convex,
midrib distinct; style short, tapering.
11. S. minutiflorum, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158; annual,
Euberulous, very slender, much branched, leaves pinnately cut into few
near segments, flowers minute white, pods small narrow, stigma sessile.
Boiss. FL Orient, i. 215 ; Griff. Itin. Notes 314, No. 1166.
Zaxskar in Western Tibet, Thomson. — Distrib. Affghanistan.
^ Stem 2-9 in., stellately hairy, tortuous. Leaves small, thick. Flowers in numerous
160 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Sisymbrium.
terminal racemes. Fruiting racevies elongate ; pedicels J-^ in., spreading, as thick as
the rachis. FoJs J in., straight or slightly curved ; septum flat. /Seeds very minute,
oblong. — Bois^ier remarks that the f-etds are unknown. There are numerous ripe pods
in Griffith's specimens in the Kew Herbarium. 'Jhe cotyledons are incumbent.
Sect. II. Sophia. Flowers yellow, pediceUed, ebracteate. Fod cylindric
or flat, valves 1-nerved.
12. S. Sophia, Linn. ; annual, erect, glabrous or pubescent, leaves 2-3-
pinnatisect, flowers small, pedicels slender. Heich. Ic, Fl. Gtiin. t. 74,
f. 4405; //./. cC- T. Journ. Linn. 8oc. v. 158.
Punjab, in the Salt Range and near Peshawur; Temperate Himalaya from Kumaon
to Kashmir, alt. 6-7000 ft. ; Wkstern Tibet, alt. 9-14,000 ft.— Dlstkib. West\fard,
throughout Europe, N. Africa, and in N. and S. America.
Stem 1-2 ft., finely tomentose and s mewhat hoary, or quite glabrous; branches
ascending. Leaves numerous ; segments short, linear. Flouers bmall, pale yl»llow.
Fruiting racemes elongate, lax, terminal. Fvds 1 in., spre;iding. or erect, on long
pedicels, cylindric, subcompressed, curved, subtorulose ; midrib prumiueui ; stigma bub-
Sect. III. Iiio. Flowers yellow, pedicelled, ebracteate. Pods terete,
valves 3-nerved.
* Frniting pedicels as broad as the jx>d.
13. S. Columziae, Jac^/. PL Avdr. t. 323 ; annual, tall, glabrous orliairv
below, leaves ruiicinate, se})als erect, valves of pod not ribbed. Boiss. Fl,
Orient, i. 216 ; U.J. d' T. Joiwn. Linn. iioc. v. 157.
Western Himalaya, from Klmaon to Kashmir, ascending to 10,000 ft. ; Western
Tibet, alt. 9-14,000 ft. — Distrib. Westward to Central Eumpe.
Stem 3 ft., stout, erect, slightly branching, subhispid with spreading or reflexed hairs,
or all glabrous and glaucous. Leaves sonu'timcs almost entire ; segments toothed,
from ovate-oblong to lanceolate ; terminal lobe angled ; of the upper leaves hastate.
Flowers large, pale yellow. Sepals glalirous. Fads 3-4 in., spnailing, very slender,
curved, glabrous or slightly hairy ; pedicel very stout ; valves striated, indistinctly cos-
tate ; style thickened, ^ in.
14. S. pannonicum, Jacq. Coll. i. 70; Jc. Fl. liar. t. 123; annual,
hispid or glabrate, leaves runcinate-piniiatisect, sepals spreading, valves of
pod 3-nerved. LoUs. Fl. Orient. \. 217; II. f. cC* T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 257.
)S. septulatum, LC. St/st. ii. 471.
Hassora in Western Tibet, alt. 8000 ft., Wiuterlottom.
Stem rather tall, stitl", often simple lelow, and divaricately branched above. Leaf-
segments nearly all similar, toothed or entire, of the lower leaves broad, of the ujiper,
narrow-linear. Flowers large, pale yellow. Sepals glabroux, caducous. Fods 3-4 in.,
en short very thick pedicels, spreading or ascending, straight, obtuse, glabrous; septum
membranous, projecting transversely between the seeds ; style subelongate, thick ;
Btigma large, 2-lobed.
** Fruiting pedicels slender.
15. S. Zrio, Li7in. ; annual or biennial, tall, glabrous, leaves runcinate-
pinnatifid, segments not auiicled, flowers minute, pedicels slender, yuuii^^
pods overtopping: tlie raceme, old 3-nerved, stigma sesbile. Fnch. Ic. Fl.
Germ. t. 75. f. 4408; II. f. (6 T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 157. S. irioides, Loiss,-
Fl. Orient, i. 218 ; //./. <& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 157.
In Northern India, from Eajpootaka to the Pukjab. — Distkib. Aflgbanistan and
westwards to the Canary Islands.
Sisprthrlum.] X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 151
Stem 1-3 ft,, tall, quite glabrous, or slightly pubescent near the base. Leavns petioled,
pinnatifid or pinnatipartite ; segments remote, spreading, toothed ; terminal large,
sometimes hastate. Flowers yellow. Fods 1^-2 in., slender, erect, glabrous, sub-
torulose; valves 3-nerved ; pedicels J-4 in., ascending, curved. — aS^. irloides is said to
be distinguished by a character that seems to be of no value. All the large flowered
specimens resembling and previously referred to S. Trio are referable to S. Lceselii.
Boissier's authentic specimen of JS. irloides is unique ; its flowers are described as
double the size of those of S. Irio and the style as elongated.
16. S. XiOBaelii, Linn. ; annual, tall, erect, reversedly hairy orglabrate,
leaves sublyrately runcinate not auricled, tiowers large, pedicels slender,
pods slender terete not overtopping the raceme, style slender. Reich. Ic. Ft.
Germ.t. 76, f. 4409; II. f. ^ T. Jo'urn. Linn. ISoc. v. 156; Leptocarpaea
Loeselii, DC— Griffith Bin. Notes 314, No. 1155.
Kashmir ; alt. 5-7000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Westward to Central Europe.
Stem branched and lower leaves hispid with simple recurved hairs or snbglabrous.
Leaves petioled ; segments toothed ; terminal lobe very large, hastate. Ftoioers nu-
merous, pale yellow, not surmounted by the young pods. Pods 1-1 4 in., slightly curved,
glabrous ; pedicels ascending, slender, | the length of the pod; style short, with a dis-
tinct 2-lobed stigma.
Sect. IV. Alliaria. Flowers white. Pods terete, valves 1-3-nerved.
Seeds smooth or striate.
17. S. Alliaria, Scop. Gam. ed. 2, n. 825 ; annual or biennial, tall,
erect, leaves long-petioled, lower reniforni, upper cordate toothed, pods
long, pedicel stout, valves 3-nerved. H. f. (^ T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163.
Alliaria officinalis, Andrzj. ; Reich. Ic. FL Germ. t. 60, f. 379. Erysimum
Alliaria, Linn.
Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 6-10,000 ft. — Distrib. Westward
to VV. Europe
Stem 1-3 ft., subsimple, glabrous or sparsely hairy below. Radical leaves 2-3 in.
diam., coarsely repand-crenate or toothed, upper ovate-cordate or deltoid, crenate.
Flowers small, in lax racemes. Pods 1^-2 in. ; pedicels stout, \ in., spreading, sub-
cylindric, straight, glabrous; valves 3-nerved, midrib stout. /Seec^s oblong, striate and
dotted.
18. S. deltoideum, //. /. <k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163; tall, erect,
glabrous, leaves all petioled deltoid-ovate toothed, pods short, pedicels
long, valves i -nerved.
Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, in the inner ranges, alt. 11-13,000 ft., H.f.
Stem 2-4 ft., stout. Leaves thin, 1^-3 in. diam., scarcely longer than broad.
Flowers large, white. Pods 4-f in-, pedicels as long, not thickened, spreading, srout,
suberect, straight or curved, taper pointed ; valves convex strongly keeled ; septum flat.
Seeds large, linear-oblong, smooth. — Perhaps an Eutrema,
19. EUTR&IVIA, Br.
Glabrous leafy biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves^ entire or serrate,
radical on long petioles, upper shortly petioled or sessile. Flowers white,
corymbose. Sepals short, erect, equal at the base. Filaments entire. Pods
linear or linear-oblong, terete ; valves convex ; style short. Seeds few,
wingless, irregularly 1-2-seriate. — Distrib. Species 5, arctic Siberian and
Himalayan. — Nearly allied to the section Alliaria oi Sisymbrium.
152 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Eninma*
1. E. hlmalalcum, //./ <i;T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 164 ; stout, erect,
leafy, cauline leaves sessile amplexicaul, flowers subcapitate in branched
racemes.
Temperate Sikkim-Himalata, alt. 10-13,000 ft., R.f.
A stout erect simple herb 18 in. high, glabrous or with a few hairs along the margins
of the leaves and petioles. Leaves all entire, obtuse, radical long-petioled, oblonLT or
ovate-cordate ; cauline ovate or ovate-lanceolate, auricled at the base. Floicers rather
large, white, in numerous terminal heads. Pods racemed, suberect ; pedicels long,
spreading. The ripe fruit is unknown. — Differs from the Soongariau tSmelowskia {Lu-
trema) integrifoUa only by its auiicled cauline leaves.
2. S. primulaBfolium, //./ dc T. Journ. Linn.' Soc. v. 164 ; stemless,
glabrous, radical leaves tufted, scapes leafy bracteate. Sisymbrium pri-
mulsefolium, 2/ioms. in IIoo/c. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. t. 10, and v. p. 18.
Wet rocks in the Western Himalaya, from Kdmaon to ILashmir, alt. 6-11,000 ft.,
Thomson, &c.
Hoot thick, fusiform, perennial. Leaves 3-6 in., all radical, petioled, broadly Bpathu-
late, toothed above the middle. Scapes numerous, usually shorter than the leaves, with
a few leaf-like obovate bracts ^-1 in. long. Flowers small, white. Sepals oblong,
persistent. Pods 4-1 in., cylindric, curved, Bmooth; valves membranous, finely reti-
culate.
20. CONB.ZNGZA, Heichb.
Glabrous, glaucous annuals. Lowers entire, oblong, auricled. Flowers
racemose, ebracteate, ytUow. SejxUs elongate, equal at the base or the
lateral saccate. Fttals elongate, clawed. Fods elongated, linear, compressed
or acutely tetragonal ; valves 1-3-nerved, smooth ortorulose ; stigma simple
or 2-iobed. Seeds 1 -seriate, oblong, not margined ; cotyledons incumbent.
— DiSTRiB. Species 6, natives of W. Asia and S. Europe.
Closely allied to Sisyvihrium, but with the habit of Brassica.
1. C. planisiliqua, Fisdi. d: Mey. Ind. Sem. Ilort. Petrop. 32 ; radical
leaves petioled linear-oblong, cauline sessile. Erysimum plauisiliquum,
Ledth. Sisymbrium plauisiliquum, //./. d: T. Journ. Linn. iSoc. v. 159.
Western Tibet, alt. 10-14,000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Westwards to Persia, Soon-
garia and Armenia.
Stem erect, 1-2 ft. Radical leaves few, 2-3 in., obtuse, cauline with cordate am-
plexicaul bases. Flowers small ; pedicels ^ in., slender. Pods 3-4 in., racemed, erect,
narrow linear ; valves slightly convex over the seeds.
21. SRVSIBtUM, Linn.
Herbs, often hoary with appressed forked hairs. Leaves linear or oHong,
entire or sinuate-toothed, base never auricled. Flowers yellow, rarely
purple, ebracteate. Sepals erect, equal or the lateral gibbous at the base.
Petals clawed. Filaments simple. Pods elongate, narrow, compressed
tetragonal or terete ; valves linear, 1-nerved, frequently keeled ; septum
membranous or corky ; style short or long ; stigma 2-lobed, capitate. Seeds
numerous, 1 -seriate, oblong, not margined ; cotyledons incumbent. — Dis-
trib. Species about 80, chiefly European and Oriental.
A genus in many respects intermediate between Cheiranthus and Sisymbrium. The
Indian species are very difficult of discrimination, and liitie confidence can be placed in
their diagnoses. They stand here as described 12 years ago in the Linnean Journal,
since which time no materials of importance lor their elucidation have been received.
Erysirmm.] X. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 153
* Diffusely branched ; ripe pods liorizontal, subsessile ; pedicel short, stout.
1. Zj. repandum, Linn. ; annual, hoary with close appressed hairs,
leaves lanceolate repand-toothed or entire, flowers i— | in. diam., pods
rigid or flexuous obtusely 4-angled glabrous narrowed up to the truncate
stigma, pedicel ^V in. as thick as the pod. R. f. dh T. in Journ. Linn,
JSoc. V. 164 ; Loiss. Fl. Orient, i. 189.
Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft., Winterhottom. — Distrib. Persia, and westward to E. Europe
and N. Africa,
Very variable in stature and robustness ; hairs 2-partite with a few trifid ones inter-
mixed. Boissier separates from it the Affghan plant {E, Griffithii, Boiss.) which was
united with it in the Linnean Journal, on account of its entire leaves subcompressed
pod and bracteate flowers.
** Dwarf species ; rootstoch much divided giving off sliort criywded branches.
Pods 1-2 in. long.
2. E. deflexuxn, H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165; hoary, hairs all
appressed, leaves linear-spathulate slightly toothed, flowering branches
short, fruiting deflexed with ascending tips, pedicels equalling the sepals,
pods very narrow linear erect tetragonal acute, style distinct.
Alpine Sikkim-Himalaya, at Kongra Lama, alt. 13-15,000 ft., H.f.
Easily distinguished by its small size and curious ramification, the stems that spring
from the many-crowned rootstock are 3-5 in. long, and bent down to the earth when
fruiting, their pod-bearing tips alone ascending. Leaves 4-f in. Flowers ^ in. diam.,
ochreous-jellow. Pods J 4-2 by x^nV i^- broad, narrov\'ed into a style yV in- long;
replum with slender flat sides, septum rather spongy. Seeds with very short funicles.
3. E. funiculosuxn, H. f. d- T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165 ; hairs
appressed, leaves linear-lanceolate, fruiting branches erect, pods fascicled
erect linear-lanceolate compressed, valves obscurely keeled, style short
conic, funicle very slender.
Alpine Sikkim Himalaya; at Kongra Lama, alt. 14-16,000 ft., B.. f
Boot stout; stock dividing into a tuft of short branches and very short flowering
shoots. Hairs chiefly fixed by the middle, a few are 3-furcate. Flowers as in E. de-
flexum. Pods % in. long, broader and flatter and less keeled than in any other Indian
species, sparsely appressed hairy. Seeds with capillary strict funicles as long as them-
selves ; valves membranous, acute above, narrowed to a tapering base.
"*** Stem stout, erect, leafy ; pods |-3 m. long.
4. E. hieraciifolium, Linn. ; stout or slender, green, hairs chiefly
2-forked appressed, leaves oblong sinuate-toothed upper ssesile, flowers
i-| in. diam., pedicels equalling the sepals, pods strict erect narrow tetra-
gonal scaberulous, pedicel stout upcurved, midrib strong, style short
stout or slender. E. strictum, Gcertn. ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v.
166. E. robustum, Dmi Prodr. 292 ; Wall. Cat. 4789. E. patens and E. gra-
cile, Gay Monog. Erys. 9. -
Central and Western Himalaya, from Njpal, WulUch, to Marri, Fleming, alt.
6-13,000 ft. — Djstkib. Siberia, Caucasus, N. Europe.
Very variable, easily recognised amongst its Indian congeners by slender strict quite
erect naiTow linear pods, with upcurved stout pedicels, and distinct rather slender style.
5. E. pachycarpuxn, H.f. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 167; stem
very robust tall angled branched, hairs scattered chiefly appressed 3-forked,
leaves petioled lanceolate sinuate-toothed, pedicels much shorter than the
sepals, flowers ^ iiL diam., pods spreading very stout 4-angled on very thick
154 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Enjsmum,
pedicels \ in. long minutely hairy, .style thick ^ in., valves obtuse at both
ends.
Temperate Sikkim-Himalaya, in Lacken valley and Tungu, alt. 10 13,000 ft., H.f.
A remarkably stout, tall, erect plant, 1^-2 it. high. IStem many-aiigkd ; branches
long. Flowers bright orange yellow. Fttals obovate-spathulate. Pods 2-2^ by ^ in. ;
valves obtusely keeled, obtuse at both ends ; stigma large, capitate. tSi'tds small.
6. E. odoratum, Fhr. ? ; H.f. db T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.x. 166 : erect,
robust, stem angular above, leaves oblong or lanceolate sinuate-toothed or
entire scaberulous, flowers {-^ in. diam , pedicels half as long as the sepals.
Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft., and Western Tibet, alt. 9000 ft.
Hairs on the upper leaf-surface appressed, fixed by the middle, with a few 3-furcate
ones, on the lower both are mixed.
7. E. altaicum, C. A. Meyer? ; H.f. & T. inJoimi. Linn. Snc. v. 167 ;
hoary with appressed hairs, stem short erect rather slender angled, leaves
petioled linear-lanceolate entire or sinuate-toothed, radical sometimes run-
cinate, flowers large \-\ in. diam., pedicels shorter than the sepals.
Western Himalaya and Western Tibet, alt. 7-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. — Djb-
TEiB. Caucasus ; Altai Mts.
**** Stem sub-simjfle^ stout, erect, leafy ; pods 3-6 in. long.
8. E. Thomsoni, //./. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165; tall, hoary with
3-furcate hairs, leaves small linear-lanceolate obscurely toothed, pods 3-4 in.
long very narrow ^\j in. broad, pedicel stout {,-1 in., valves acute hoary
acutely keeled, style ^V in-
Western Himalaya; Kunawur, alt. 8-12,000 ft., Thomson.
Best distijiguished by its hoary branched habit, small narrow acute leaves, very long
pods with acutely keeh-d valves and ratber long style. — There is a smaller plant col-
lected by \\'intc;rboti()Ui in Kashmir on the Baramula pass, but it is not in fruit.
9. E. long-lsiliquum, //./. <6 T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 166 ; annual?,
tall, erect, robust, glabrous, stum acutely angled, leaves lanceolate obscurely
tpothed, pedicels shorter than the sepals, }iods spreading very slender
linear, valves with a prominent keel, style yV)~» hi. stout, pedicels ^ in.
Temperate Sikkim-HimalaYa ; at Tungu, alt. 10-13,000 ft., H.f.
The tall robust habit, acutely angled stem, size of flower, and very long spreading
pods (4-5 by -j^ in.) best distinguish this,
22. CHXIZSTOI.EA, Camb.
A glabrous or pubescent perennial. Leaves fleshy, entire or coarsely
toothed. Flowers in a loose ebracteate raceme. ISepah short, suberect,
lateral slightly saccate at the base. Fods linear-lanceolate, flattened ; valves
smooth 1-nerved ; stigma minute, conical subentire. iSe.eds few, sub-2-
seriate, flattened, not margined ; cotyledons linear, incumbent.
1. C crassifolia,' Caw66'ss. in Jacq. Voy.Bot. 17, 1. 17; leaves cuneate-
obovate acute or obtuse, deeply toothed towards the tip. H.f. d: T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 167.
Western Tibet; alt. 12-15,000 ft., abundant.
A much branched, fragile herb; haird simple; brandies decumbent, sf out. Floioers
4 in. diam. ; pedicels ^ in., hairy, erect. Petals \ in., yellow with a purple base. Puds
subBecund, 1-1 4 in., erect, flat, acute at both ends, nearly glabrous.
Bra^a.] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 155
23. BRAVA, Sternb. & Hoppe.
Small tufted glabrous or hoary pubescent alpine perennials, with a
branching rootstock. Leaves mostly radical, spathulate or linear, entire or
toothed. Flowers purple, rose-coloured or white, solitary or racemed Sepals
short, equal at the base. Fods ovate-oblong or linear, subcylindric or
slightly compressed ; valves convex, 1 -nerved ; style vshort or long; stigma
capitate. Seeds usually 2-seriate, few or many ovoid, wingless.— Disteib.
Species 12, alpine and arctic regions, the Andes.
1. B. uniflora, ff.f. (^ T. inJourn. Linn. Soc. v. 168 ; glabrous, leaves
linear-spatliuiate quite entire, scapes short 1-flowered.
Western Tibet; in Nubra, alt. 15-17,000 ft., Thomson.
Footstock stout, fleshy, covered with bleached petioles, branched at the crown.
Leaves fleshy, 1 in., petioled. Scapes many, about equalling the leaves. Pods linear,
|-4 in. ; septum 2.nerved ; style short. Seeds sub-2-beriate, many.
2. B. alpina, Sternb. <& Hoppe; glabrous, leaves linear-spathulate,
flowers capitate. Deless. Ic. Select, ii. t. 22. B. Thomsoni, E. /. in Journ.
Linn. Sac. v. 168. B.? oxycarpa, H.f. ch T. I.e. 169.
Western Tibet; Piti, alt. 12-13,000 ft., Thomson, Stewart.— Di9,TYim. European
high Alps, arctic regions.
Foot stout, fleshy, long. Leaves tufted, J in. Scapes 1-4 in., leafless, or with few
linear leaves. Flowers white or purjde; pedicels | in. Pods erect, linear- or elliptic-
lanceolate, straight or curved, acute, glabrous ; style usually long and slender. Seeds
1-2-seriate. — Very variable ; the arctic American B. glabella is hardly distinct from it,
3. B. rosea, Bunge ; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 194 ; glabrous or puberulous,
leaves narrowly linear-oblong, flowers crowded corymbose, pods very short
elliptic. H. f. (^ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 169.
Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kunawur, alt. 15-17,000 ft. ; Western Tibet,
alt. 14-18,0p0 ft.— Distrib. Altai Mts. and arctic Siberia.
Very similar to B. alpina, differing chiefly in the shorter pods (f-^- in.), and leafless
scapes. Seeds 8-12 in each capsule ; style variable in length.
4. B. tibetica, Ff. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 168 ; hoary or pu-
bescent, leaves narrow-linear, scapes naked, flowers subcapitate, petals
minute, pods short ovate.
Western Tibet; alt. 13-18,000 ft., T/iomsow.
Bather rigid, purplish ; rootstock much divided, clothed with withered petioles.
Leaves erect, rarely spathulate, wiih 2-3 spreading teeth about the midrib ; margins
ciliate, rarely glabrous. Scapes many, 2-2 4 in., rarely 1 -leafed. Sepals hairy, edges
membranous, white or red. Petals hardly exceeding the sepals. Pods ^ in. long, rarely
glabrous ; style loug.
24. BRASSICA, Linn.
Glabrous or hispid herbs j rootstock often woody. Leaves large, pinna-
tifid or lyrate, rarely entire. Flowers yellow, in long racemes. Sepals erect
or spreading, lateral usually saccate at the base. Fods elongate, terete or
angular, often with an indehiscent 1-seeded beak; valves convex, 1-3-
nerved, lateral nerves flexuose ; style beaked or ensif orm ; stigma truncate
or 2-lobed. Seeds 1-seriate, globose or subcompressed ; cotyledons incum-
bent, concave or conduplicate, the radicle within the longitudinal fold. —
DiaTKiB. Species about aU ; temperate regions of the Old World.
156 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Brassica.
Sect. T. Melanosinapis. Sejxih spreading. Fods terete or sub-tetra-
gonal ; valves l-nerved ; beak slender, seedless.
1. B. nigra, Koch.; kaves all petioled, lower lyrate, upper entire,
racemes naked, pods slender appressed to the stem. //./. d: T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. v. 170. Sinapis nigra, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 4790. S. erysimoides,
Eoxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 123.
Cultivated in various parts of India and Tibet.
Annual, 2-3 ft. high, rigid, branched, more or less hispid. Leaves 4-8 in. Flowers
^-4 in. diam., bright yellow. Fod |-4 in., subulate; valves keeled, torulose; cells
3-5-seeded. Seeds oblong.
Sect. II. Subrasslca. Sep<ds erect. Fod sessile, cylindric, beak or
conical, seedless ; valves l-nerved. (The Cabbage, JJ. oleracm, with its cul-
tivated forms, the Kale, Sprouts, Cole-rabi, Cauliflower and Broccoli, belong
to this section.)
2. 8. caxnpestrls, Linn. ; erect, lower leaves lyrate, upper auricled,
flowers corymboj^e, beak of i)od flat seedless. //. /. <(• 1\ in Jo urn. Linn.
S^>c. V. 169. Sinapis brassicata, Linn. S. dichotoma and S. glauca, Uoxb.
Fl. Ind. iil 117, 118.
Cultivated throughout India.
An erect, stout, simple or branched, glabrous or slightly hispid annual, 1-3 fl. high.
Leaves large, petioled, nn^reorless pinnatifid, upper oblong or lanceolate. Fhirers
large, blight yellow; pedicels ^ i"-. ascending or spreading. Pods 1^-3 in., glabrous,
Buberect ; valves with midrib and flexuous veins. ISeedn .small, smooth, pale or dark.
SuBSP. 1. CAMPE.STRIS proper; root tuberous, leaves glaucous, radical hispid, upper
glabrous, petals persistent till the corymb lengthens. — [Sicedidi Turuip.)
SuB.sp. 2. Napus, Linn, (sp.); root fusiform, leaves all glabrous and glaucous, petals
deciduous before the corymb lengthens. — {Rape, Cole seed; yields Colza and C'arcel
oils. )
SuBSP. 3. Rapa, Linn, (sp.) ; root tuberous, lower leaves hispid not glaucous, upper
glaucous and glabrous, petals deciduous. — Common Turnip.
3. B. trilooularis, //./ d; T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170 ; lower leaves
lyrate, cauline amplexicaul auricled, ])ods pendulous long-beaked 3-4-
valved. Sinapis trilocularis, Foxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 121.
Subtropical Central and Eastern Himalaya, Nipal, Sikkim, and Assam, in fields.
Habit of subspecies Napus, but easily distinguished by the remarkable pendulous 3-4-
celled and valved pods, which are 24-3 in. long; beak l| in., terete, tapering; valves
with midrib and flexuous lateral nerves. Seeds large, globose, smooth, pale or dark.
4. B. quadrivalvis, //./. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 169; habit and
foliage of B. tn/ocidai'is, but pods smaller, on erect short pedicels, 4-celled
and valved, beak flattened.
Cultivated fields of B. campestris in the Upper Gangetic valley ; banks of the
Soane, H. f.
Sect. III. Brasslcoides. Sepah erect. Fods sessile, beak seed-bearing ;
valves 1-ribbed.
5. B. Tournefortil, Govxtn ; Boiss. FL Orient, i. 393 ; radical leaves
hispid runcinate-lyrate, cauline linear-lanceolate, flowers small pale yellow,
pods short compressed. B. Stocksii, //./. <£: T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 171.
Upper Gangetic valley ; between Ajmir and DaWii, Jacijuemont; Western Tujet
(cultivated), Fdgeworth. — Distkib. Westward to Spain and Italy.
Brassica.] x. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 157
An erect, branchings hispid or glabrate annual, 1 ft. high. Radical leaves petioled,
crowded, spreading on the ground, hispid with white hairs, lobes toothed ; cauline
entire or pinnatifid. JPods 2| in , erect, glabrous, linear, compressed, torulose, beak
f in., linear, slightly tapering, obtuse usually i-seeded; valves with a central and many
distant lateral nerves. /Seeds compressed.
Sect. IV. Ceratosinapls. /S'ejoa^s spreading. Poc?^ slightly compressed,
beak subulate usually seedless ; valves 3-ribbed. /Seeds globose.
6. B.juncea, H.f. tO T.inJomm. Linn. Soc.v. 170; erect, glabrous,
lower leaves oblong-lanceolate toothed, upper narrow, pods suberect
torulose, beak long seedless, lateral nerves flexuous. B. Willdenovii, Boiss.
in A71/1. Sc. Nat. 1842, p. 88. Sinapis juncea, Linn. S. integrifolia, Wilid.
S. ramosa, rugosa and cuneifolia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 119-124.
Cultivated in India abundantly. — Distrib. Cult, westward to Egypt, and eastward
to China.
A tall erect branching annual, rarely glaucous, or hispid (at the base only). Lower
leaves petioled, sometimes pinnatifid ; upper lanceolaite, toothed, subsessile. Flowers
bright yellow. Pods \ in., linear-lanceolate ; beak straight, flattened, \ in. ; valves
with a prominent midrib. Seeds small, dark, rugose.
7. B. alba, H.f. & T. ; stem hispid, leaves pubescent pinnatisect, upper
segments confluent, pods spreading cyliu'lric torulose usually hirsute, beak
very long, deciirrent along the pod, 1-seeded. B. foliosa, Willd. Enum. 688.
Sinapis alba, Linn.
Cultivated fields at Ferozepore in the Punjab, Thomson. — Distkib. From Syria
eastward throughout S. Europe.
An erect annual, 2 it. iiigh, with a hispid or rarely glabrous stem. Leaves all
petioled, usually hispid : segments ovate, toothed or lobulate. Pods about 1 in.,
stalked, spreading, cylindric, beak half as long, flattened, sometimes 2-seeded, valves
and base of the beak white with hispid hairs.
Sinapis patens, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii, 124, is a Nasturtium.
25. DZFX.OTAXZS, DC.
Annual or biennial branching herbs. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers yellow
pink or purple. Sejyals spreading, equal at the base. Fods elongate, linear,
compressed, sometimes with a short 1-seeded beak ; valves 1-nerved ; style
generally slender, stigma simple or 2-lobed. /Steeds numerous, 2-seriate,
oblong, compressed or subglobose ; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate. —
Distrib. Species about 20 ; Mediterranean region, Western and Central
Asia.
A genus closely allied to Brassica but differing in the flat pods, biseriate seeds, often
pilose sepals, and pink or purple flowers.
1. D. G-riffithli, ff.f. d^ T. ; hispid, lower leaves oblong entire or cut,
flowers large, pedicels slender, style very stout. Brassica Griffitlii, H.f.
t& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 171 ; Boiss. Flor. Orient, i. 389.
Kalebag in the Salt Range of the Punjab, Fleming. — Distrib. Affghanistan and
Bel uchi Stan.
A robust, erect, branched annual, 1-3 ft. high, hispid especially below with spreading
or reflexed hairs. Lower leaves shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolaie, entire
to )t lied lobed or pinnatifid ; upper lanceolate, less divided Floujers purplish or white.
Pods 14-2| in., erect, linear. — Dr. Anderson was disposed to unite with this B. acriSj
Boiss, {Hesjjeris, Forsk) a native of Arabia and N. Afi-ica,
158 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Ervca.
26. BRUCA, Tourn.
Erect branching herbs. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. Flowers lilac or yellow,
veined with violet. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals veined.
Fods closely adpressed to the axis, ovoid-oblong, turgid, terete, with a large
ensiform seedless beak : valves concave, 3-nerved ; stigma simple. Seeds
numerous, 2-seriate, globose ; cotyledons conduplicate. — Distrib. Three
species, inhabiting the Mediterranean region and W. Asia.
1. E. sativa, Lamk. ; Brassica Enica, Linn. ; 11. f. d: T. in Joum. Linn.
Soc. V. 171. B. erucoides, R(/xb. Fl. Ind. iii. 117.
Cultivated places in Northern and Central India, the Western Himalaya,
ascending to 10,000 ft., and Upper Ganoetic valley. — Distrib. Westward to the
Canaries.
Glaucous, glabrous, or subhispid. Stem 6-18 in. Leaves variously toothed, rarely
obovate and bubentire. Floicers large, pale yellow or white and veined. Sepals often
tipped with hairs. Pods 1 in., erect and aj>pre8se(l to the stem ; pedicels shorter than
the calyx ; valves twice as long as the broad flattened peak.
27. MORZCANDIA, DC.
Smooth glaucous branched herbs, often woody at the base. Zca yes entire,
amplexicaul or pinnatisect. Flowers rather large, violet, purple or rose
coloured. Sepcds erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals clawed, l^ods
linear, elongate, subtetragonal, with or without a flattened 1-seeded beak *
valves flat or bluntly keeled, 1- rarely many-nerved ; stigmatic lobes united
into a short cone. Seeds numerous, 1-2-seriate, compressed, sometimes
winged ; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate. — Distkib. Species about 6,
natives of the Mediterranean region, Arabia, and W. Asia.
1. im. arvensis, DC. Sjfst. Veg. il 626 ; glaucous, glabrous, leaves ob-
ovate obtuse, cauline amplexicaul, pods tetragonal compressed, beak broad,
seeds small sub- 2-seriate. U.f. d' T. ind our n. Limi. Soc. v. 172. Brassica
arvensis, Li7in.
Steirart. — Distrib. Westward to Persia, Arabia, and the Mediterranean region.
Bi<unial, or a perennial of short duration. Leavei2-A in., shortly pi^tioled ; cauline
ovate or oblong with large clasping auricles. Flowerx fi-w, large, shcirtly pedicelled, in
a loose long raceme. Petals rose-coloured, much larger than tiie senals. Pods 2-3 in.,
very narrow, erect ; valves neiTed ; style usually broad, thickened, acute, sometimes
long and slender.
2. Tit. tortuosa, H. f. d: T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 172 ; leaves elliptic-
oblong, cauline-sessile, pods long subcylindric, beak cylindric acute, seeds
1-seriate. Uouepia tortuosa, Cambess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 18, t. 18.
Salt plains of the Punjab, West of the Indus, Jacqiumont; Salt Kanoe, Fleming.
An erect, glaucous, glabious, branched perennial, 1-2 ft. high. Stem below thick,
woody, sometimes tortuose. Leaves thick, mucronate, entire or crenate-sinuate ; lower
3-5 in., narrowed into a broad petiole. Flowers iew, large, erect, scattered along a
lengthened raceme. Petals pale rose coloured, nearly twice the length of the sepals.
Pcds erect, or ascending, linear ; beak ^ in. ; style short, conical, pointed ; valves
coiiVLi., striated^ margins prominent. Seeds eubglobose.
Capsella.] 'X. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 159
28. CAFSi:Z<X.A, Moench.
Small branched annuals or perennials. Radical leaves entire or pinnatifid.
Flowers small, white, racetned. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals
short. Pods obcordate cuneate ovate or oblong, laterally compressed ; valves
convex or boat-shaped ; septum very narrow ; style short. Seeds numerous,
2 -seriate, narrowly margined: cotyledons incumbent. — Distiiib. Species 6,
natives of N. and S. temperate regions.
1. C. Bursa-pastoris, Mcench. ; leaves rosulate pinnatifid, pod trian-
gular or obcordate. H.f. <h T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 172.
Cultivated places throngliout temperate India. — Distrib. A weed of cultivation.
Glabrous or hairy; hairs branched ; root long, tapering. Stems 6-16 in., branched.
Leaves pinnatifid, rarely entire, upper lobe triangular, cauline auricled. Flonier^ jJ^- in.
diam. Pods \-\ in.; pedicels slender; style short; valves smooth. Seeds many,
oblong, punctate.
2. C. elliptica, C. A. M. ; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 199 ; annual, glabrous, stems
slender decumbent and ascending, leaves entire or pinnatifid, pods ovate-
oblong truncate. H.f. <k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 172. C. procumbens,
Boiss. FL Orient, i. 340. Hutchinsia procumbens, Desv.
Western Tibet, alt. 14,000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Westward to S. Europe and
N. Africa (Australia, Chili, perhaps introduced).
Stems 2-10 in., numerous from the root, filiform, flexuous. Leaves ^-4 in., radical
petioled, oblong or spathulate; upper more sessile, linear, entire. Flowers minute,
white, in elongating racemes with a capillary rachis. Pods distant, ^-i in., on long
capillary horizontal pedicels ; valves boat-shaped. Seeds many, minute.
3. C. Thomsoni, H. f. in Journ." Linn. Soc. v. 173 ; perennial, hoary-
tomentose, branches spreading from the root, leaves pinnatisect, racemes
leafy, pod broadly oblong truncate at both ends. Hutchinsia tibetica,
Thomson in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 900.
Western Tibet, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Nubra, Strachey ; Ladak, Thomson.
Boot long, fusiform, almost woody, crowned by a short stock that emits many pro-
strate leafy branches, 2-6 in. Ions:, with ascending tips. Leaves sessile, ^-1 in., linear-
oblong, segments lanceolate. Flouiers crowded, white, in the axils of leafy bracts,
very shortly pedicelled. Pods \ in. ; valves much compressed, obscurely keeled
v«ined ; stigma sessile, minute. Seeds numerous, very small, funicles slender. — A very
cu-ious plant, quite unlike its congeners, with the habit of the Siberian Hutchinsia
calycina, Desv. [SmeloivsJcia, C. A. M.)
29. IiBPZpiVXMC, Linn.
Diffuse or erect herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, with entire or divided leaves.
Flowers small, white, ebracteate. Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals
sometimes 2-4 or 0. Stamens 6, 4, or 0. Pods ovate or oblong, rarely glo-
bose, usually orbicular, laterally much compressed, tip notched or entire;
valves boat-shaped, keeled or winged ; septum narrow, membranous. Seeds
solitary in each cell ; cotyledons incumbent (in the Indian species). — Dis-
trib. Species about 80, chiefly European and Asiatic.
Sect. I. Cardaxnuxn. Pods ovate or oblong, notched at the tip ; valves
winged. Cotyledons divided.
1. Xi. sativum, Linn.; erect, radical leaves 2-pinnatisect, pods orbi-
cular-ovate, wings narrow. H.f. d: T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 174 (Cress.).
160 X. CRUciPER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Lepidium,
Cultivated throughout India and Western Tibet.
A glabrous erect annual, 6-18 in. Radical leaves long petioled; cauline sessile and
usually entire. lowers small, in long racemes, white. Pods deeply notched ; pedicels
appressed. — Not known in an indigenous state.
Sect. II. Cardaria. Fod transTersely oblong, tip entire ; valves turgid,
wingless.
2. Zi. Draba, Linn. ; pubescent, perennial, leaves oblong repand-toothed,
upper with sagittate auricles. H.f. d' T. in Jo)irn. Linn. iSoc. v. 173. L.
chalepense, Sckrenk., and L. repens, Boiss. Fl, Orient, i. 366.
A weed of cultivation in the Punjab. — Distrib. Westwards to Europe.
Stem \-^ h., simple or branched, flexuons. Leaves 1-3 in., lower petioled, uppe^
with converging auricles. Flowern \ in. diam., white, in branched panicles. Pod ^in,,
deltoid with rounded angles, constricted between the papillose valves, of which one is
often imperfect ; pedicels spreading.
Sect. III. Z.epidiaBtruzn. Pod elliptic or ovoid, tip entire ; valves
wingless. *
3. Zi. latifoliuxn, lAnn. ; perennial, erect, glaucous, radical leaves
oblong serrate, pod ovoid. //./. d: T. in Jo urn. Linn. iSoc. v. 173.
Western Tibet, abundant. — Distrib. Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. Africa.
An erect, branched, glabrous or pubescent leafy almost shrubby herb, 2-4 ft. high.
Radical leaves petioled, often 1 ft. long, upper caulioe sessile. Flowers minute, in short
densely panicled bracteate corymbs. Pods j\ in. long ; pediceN short, spreading.
Var. platycakpa, lydutv. ; leaves rather llrsliy entire indis^tinctly S-nerved, jpowers
capitate, pods orbicular slightly pilose and reticulate. — Western Tibet, T/tomson,
Stewart.
Sect. IV. Dlleptlum. Pod elliptic or oblong, tip retuse or notched ;
valves keeled, wingless or winged at the tip only.
4. If. ruderale, Litin. ; annual, lower leaves 2-pinnatififl, flowers
apetalous diandrous, pod orbicular-oblong flat, valves winged at the tip.
H. f. d' T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 175.
Temperate Western Tiuet, alt. 7-13,000 ft., Tliomson. — Distrib. Westward through-
out Europe.
Erect or diffuse, glabrous or pubescent. Radical leaves much divided, segments
narrow ; upper cauline linear, entire. Flowers minute in terminal and lateral corymbs.
Pod iV-tV ^^- 5 pedicels slender, diverging. Seeds compressed.
5. Ii. capltatum, //./ ct* T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 175 ; prostrate,
leafy, leaves sessile upper cuneate-oblong toothed beyond the middle,
flowers tetrandrous in dense lateral capitate racemes, pods of L. ruderale.
L. incisum, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 33 {not of Ledebour).
Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kumaon, alt. 10-14,000 ft.
Glabrous or glandular-puliescent; branches 6-8 in., stout. Radical leaves shortly
petioled, pinnatisect, lobes oblong. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. Pods j^ in.,
ovate, scarcely notched; valves keeled, wingless, sessile. Seeds mucilaginous when
moistened.
30. DIZ.OPKZA, Thorns.
A dwarf glabrous fleshy herb, with a long tapering perennial root, and
tufted spathulate or linear, entire or toothed leaves. Flowers numerous, small,
Dilophia.] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 161
white, in densely contracted sessile subumbellate racemes. Sepals spreading,
equal at the base. Petals spathulate, retuse or toothed. Fods very short com-
pressed on the 4 sides, obcordate ; valves gibbous at the back, with a double
crest ; septum broad, perforated, ultimately disappearing. Seeds 2-4 in each
ceil, oblong, wingless, on short thickened cords ; cotyledons incumbent.
1. D. salsa, Thorns, in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v. 20, and iv. t. 12.
In salt marshes in Western Tibet, alt. 12-17,000 ft. — Distrib. Tian Schan Mts.
Boot simple, giving off many stout spreading stems at the crown. Sepals and petals
persisting round the opening pods. — Specimens collected by Baron Von CEsten Sacken
in the Tian Schan Mts., and which Ruprecht described in his Sertum Tianshanicum,
differ but slightly from the Tibetan ones.
31. zkiegacaiiph:a, DC.
Large coarse perennial herbs, with a thick fleshy root and stem, and large
2-pinnate radical leaves. Flowers racemed or subcorymbose, white or violet
coloured. Sepals equal at the base. Fetals oblong, entire. Stamens 6 or
numerous, filaments not toothed. Fods large, in dehiscent, didymous, much
flattened at the sides ; valves orbicular, broadly winged ; stigma sessile.
Seed^ large, solitary in each cell, much flattened, not winged ; cotyledons
accumbent.— Distrib. Species 3, 2 Tibetan the 3rd Caspian.
1. m. polyandra, Benth. in Hook. Keu) Journ. Bot. 1855, vii. 356, t. 7 ;
leaf-segments incised and toothed, stamens 10-16, pods notched at the
base and tip, lobes orbicular. H.f. (k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176.
Western Tibet; Balti, alt. 10,500 ft., Winterhottom ; Western Himalaya, Kumaon,
alt. 12,000 ft., Strachey & Winterhottom.
Boot as thick as the wrist, annulate. Stem 1-2 ft., as thick as the thumb below,
branched above. Leaves 1-2 ft., a span broad ; segments very irregular, sharply
toothed. Inflorescence much branched, puberulous ; flowers cup-shaped, ^ in. diam.,
shorter than their pedicels, white. Filaments stout, fleshy, subulate. Ouarv broadly
obovate, base dilated into the fleshy lobed disk ; stigma, entire, discoid. Pod 2 in.
diam., wings nearly as broad as the cell, veined. Seed reniform.
2. m. bifida, Benth. I.e. 357 ; leaf-segments lanceolate quite entire, sta-
mens 7-11, pods deeply 2-lobed, lobes obovate at length conniving. H. f.
& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176.
Western Tibet, in the Kishengunga valley, alt. 7400 ft., Winterhottom ; Deotsu,
Falconer.
Stem 12-18 in., stout, stiff, erect. Leaves with decurrent quite entire lobes 2-3 in.
long, acute or acuminate. Pods 2-3 in. diam., lobes broadly obliquely obovate, sinus
acute, wings equalling | of the cell. — Specimens very imperfect, Winterhottom has
only a fragment of a leaf well preserved, with quite entire lobes. Falconer's specimens
are so shrivelled as to be hardly recognizable, and the accompanying leaves, which are
toothed, probably belong to M. polyandra.
32. TKX.ASPX, Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire or toothed, the upper often
clasping the stem. Flowers racemose, small, white or rarely pale rose.
Sepals small, erect, equal at the base. Fetals equal or nearly so. Fod orbi-
cular obovate or obcordate, laterally compressed, emarginate, rarely acute ;
valves boat-shaped, keeled or broadly winged ; septum narrow, membranous,
VOL. I. M
162 X. CRUCiFEB^. (Hook. f. & T, Anderson) [77daspi.
style short or long. Seeds 2 or more in each cell, not winged ; radicle ac-
cumbent.— DiSTRiB. Species about 30 ; natives of temperate Europe, Asia,
and N. America.
1. T. arvense, Li?in. ; glabrous, annual, erect, leaves obovate oblong
toothed, cauline amplexicaul, seeds concentrically grooved. II. f. tC- T.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176.
A weed of cultivation throughout the temperate and subalpine Himalaya, ascending
to 14,000 ft. — DiSTRiB. Europe, Asia, always in cuhivated places.
Stem 6-18 in., simple or corjmboseiy branched above. Badiccd leaves petioled, soon
withering ; cauline 4 in., ohlong-lanceolate, usually acute, toothed ; auricles sagittate.
Fruiting racemes elongate ; pedicels spreading, a little longer than the pods, Fods
J-| in. diam., much flattened, obovate-orbicular, wing very broad, notch deep, some-
times closed by the overlapping of the sides. Seeds 5-6 in each cell.
2. T. cardiocarpum, //./. d- T. in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. 176 ; annual,
erect, leaves broadly oblong obscurely toothed, cauline amplexicaul, seeds
smooth. \
Kashmir, alt. 5-9000 ft. — Distrib. Affghanistan.
Slightly glaucous, less robust than the preceding. Stem 6-12 in. ; branches basal,
few, tall, erect. Radical leaves shortly petioled ; cauline ovate or oblong, obtuse, erect ;
auricles broadly sagittate, liacemes elongat<» in fruit, pedicels ^ in. Pods broadly
notched at the tip ; valves with a membranous reticulated wing, broad and rounded
above. Seeds 4-5 in each cell. — Closely allied to and perhaps identical with T. Kots-
chyanum, Boiss., of which we have not seen ripe fruit.
3. T. alpestre, Linn. ; perennial, tufted, radical leaves oblong or
ovate, cauline cordate amplexicaul, pods triangular-obcordate, seeds smooth.
II. f. <k T. in Journ. Liniu Soc. v. 177. T. cochleariforme, DC. T. Grif-
fithianum, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 329.
Temperate and subalpine Himalaya and Western Tibet from Sikkim to Kashmir,
alt. 7-12,000 ft. ; in Sikkim only on the dry inner ranges. — Distrib. Alps of Europe,
Asia, America ; Andes.
r Stem 4-12 in., stifl", glabrous, somewhat glaucous, erect, simple or branched. Root-
stock often branching and shortly creeping near the surface. Radical haves sometimes
almost orbicular, cauline oblong or obovate-cordate ; auricles small obtuse. Flowers
rather large, white ; racemes much.elongated in fruit; pedicels horizontal, as long as
the pods. Pods \ in., narrowed at the base, broadly not deeply notched; valves com-
pressed, wing very narrow below, broader above ; angles rounded, outer often sharp ;
style equalling the notch or projecting beyond it. Seeds 4-8 in each cell.
4. T, coclilearioides, U.f. dh T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 177: small,
decumbent, glabrous, perennial, radical leaves very long-petioled orbicular-
ovate, scape flexuous decumbent fuw-fiowered, pods oblong curved and
twisted.
Interior of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 14-16,000 ft., II. f.
Somewhat fleshy. Rootstock slender, branching above and sparingly covered with
the fibrous bases of the old petioles. /Steins few, 1-2 in., weak, decumbent or suberect,
with 2 or 3 small sessile ovate leaves. Radical leaves loosely tufted, petioles
slender, slightly toothed, under side pitted. Flowers small, white, in a short corymb.
Pods ^ in., racemose, emarginate ; valves compressed, narrowly bordered ; style short,
slender.
33. ZBX:RZDZ:X.X.A, Boiss.
Glabrous herbs or small undershrubs, branching from the base. Leaves
alternate, rarely opposite, upper generally amplexicaul with sagittate auri-
Iberidella.] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 163
cles. Flowers white or rose- coloured, racemose. Sepals erect, lateral saccate
at the base. Petals equal. Pod compressed, oblong-lanceolate, acute;
valves keeled^ without wings ; septum narrow, membranous ; style elongate.
Seeds 2 to 6 in each cell, not margined ; cotyledons obliquely accumbent. —
DiSTEiB. Species 6, W. Asiatic.
1. I. Andersoni, H.f. S T. in Jotim, Linn. Soc. v. 177 ; radical leaves
short petioled tufted ovate-oblong, cauline oblong obtuse.
Western Himalaya in Kumaon, Strachey and Winterhottom ; and Garwhal, T.
Avderson; alt. 12-16,000 ft., in wet grassy places.
Root slender, branching above. Stems erect, 2-4 in. high, simple or branched from
the base ; flowerless shoots weak, decumbent. Radical leaves indistinctly toothed;
cauline with small cordate auricles ; leaves of the barren shoots broadly ovate or almost
orbicular, shortly petioled. Flowers numerous, raceraed, rather large, white or pale
rose. Pods (immature) ^ in., much flattened, narrow, lanceolate, curved, acute ; valves
wingless ; style very short, acute, tapering from the base.
34. ZSATXS, Linn.
Erect, tall, branching annuals or biennials, with petioled radical leaves ;
cauline sessile sagittate. Flowers small, yellow, in loose terminal racemes.
Sepals equal at the base, spreading. Petals equal, entire. Pod fiat, oblong,
obovate or cuneate-oblong rarely suborbicular, 1-celled, indehiscent ; centre
hard, often depressed ; margin membranous foliaceous or thickened ;
stigma sessile. Seed solitary, pendulous, oblong; cotyledons incumbent.,
rarely accumbent. — Distrib. Species about 30, natives of the Mediterranean
region, and Central and W. Asia.
1. Z. tinctoriaf Linn.; biennial, radical leaves entire or coarsely
toothed, cauline glabrous, pods cuneate-oblong 1-ribbed, pedicel not
thickened at the tip. //./. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 178.
Cultivated places ; Western Tibet, Falconer. — Distrib. Westward to Enrope and
the Canary Islands.
Erect, somewhat glaucous and glabrous with a few hairs near the base. Stem,
\\-'6 ft., stout, thick, much branched above. Radical leaves 2-5 in., petioled, from
obovate to oblong-lanceolate, cauline narrow, 1-2 in. long, entire, auricles acute, sagit-
tate. Flowers small, yellow, racemed in a many-branched panicle ; pedicels glabrous,
very slander, recurved after flowering. Pods \-\ in., glabrous, rounded at the tip,
tapering to the base ; midrib thickened at the centre of the pod.
2. I. costata, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 204; annual, glaucous,
radical leaves obovate or oblong entire, cauline ciliate, pods elliptic-oblong
3-ribbed, pedicel thickened at the tip. H. f. <h T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170.
Western Tibet; valley of the Kishengunga in Balti, alt. 4-7000 ft., Winterhottom;
Gores, Falconer. — Distrib. Altai mountains, Soongaria, Caspian region to the Volga.
Stem 3 ft., thick, erect, branched above. Radical leaves 3-5 in., tip rounded, base
tapering into a short petiole y cauline linear-oblong, 2-4 in., uppermost linear, 4 in.,
margins and midrib beneath ciliate. Racemes loosely panicled; pedicels glabrous,
spreading or recurved, subsecund. Pods \ in., rounded at the tip, glabrous.
35. TAUSCKERXA, Fisch.
An erect, glabrous, branching annual. Leaves entire, stem -clasping.
Flowers small, yellow, in corymbose panicles. Sepals erect, equal at the
M 2
164 X. CRUCiFER^, (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Tauscheria.
base. Pods short, boat-shaped, concave above, convex below, centre
crustaceous, indehiscent, 1-celled with a broad wing folded inwards at the
edges and prolonged into a short triangular style, ^eed solitary, pendulous
from the top of the cell, cotyledons incumbent.
1. T. lasiocarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 210. T. desertorum, Led. Ic. PL Fl.
Moss. t. 139 ; Moyle III. 72, t. 11 \H.f.d; T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 178.
KuNAwuR in the Western Himalaya and Western Tibet, alt. 10-13,000 ft. — Dis-
TRiB. Soongaria and the Caspian region.
Stem 1 ft., seldom branching from below. Leaves ovate-oblong, radical subpetioled,
cauline with cordate auricles. Flowers in a loose corymbose panicle ; pedicels re-
curved in fruit. Pods \ in., thickly glandular-hairy.— All the Tibetan and Himalayan
specimens have pubescent pods and hence belong to var. lasiocarpa; plants with
glabrous pods occur in Soongaria and the Caspian region, apparently associated with
var, lasiocarpa.
36. DXFTERVGZUM, Dene.
A virgate rigid much branched shrub with the habit of a Oleoma, the
branches ending in few-flowered racemes. Leaves small, ovate oblong,
entire. Flowers small, few, in bracteate racemes. Sepals short, equal at
the base. Stamens free ; filaments entire, 1-celIed, ellipsoid, compressed
laterally, indehiscent, coriaceous, surrounded by a membranous wing.
Seed solitary, er^ct, winged ; cotyledons concave, incumbent.
1. D. ^laucum, Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, iv. fi7 ; //./. <6 T.
in Journ. Linn. Sqc. v. 179 ; Hoiss^ Fl. Orient, i. 417. Isatis spartioides,
Fdgew. mss.
In the PiTNjAB, near Mooltan, Edgeworth. — Distrib. Arabia, N.E. Africa.
A shrub, 6-12 in., with manv divaricate branches, glabrous, or the leaves and stem
slightly rough with viscid glands. Leaves few, J-J in. long, shortly petioled. Flowers
Bubsessile ; bracts scaly, yV in- Pods J in., transversely wrinkled, drooping.
37. NESZiZA, Desv.
An annual herb, with branched pubescence. Leaves entire or sinuate-
toothed, cauline sagittate. Flowers small, yellow, in ebracteate panicled
racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the biise. Petals entire. Pods shortly
stalked, subglobose, slightly flattened, coriaceous, indehiscent. Se^d soli-
tary ; cotyledons incumbent.
1. N. paniculata, Desv. Journ. iii. 162; //./. dh T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. V. 179 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 371.
In the Punjab-Himalaya, from Hazara to the" Beas, tStewart ; Kashmir, alt.
5-6000 ft. — Distrib. In fields ; Persia, Western Asia, temperate Europe.
Stem 1-1 4 ft., erect, rather slender, simple below. Radical leaves 1-2 in., oblong -
lanceolate, cauline shorter, auricles sagittate. Flowers numerous, on long slender
spreading glabrous pedicels. Pods a little broader than long, reticulated, glabrous ;
style slender, sharp.
38. BUCZilDIUM, Br.
Branching, leafy, rigid annuals, with forked or branched pubescence.
Leaves entire coarsely toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers small, white, in terminal
or lateral, ebracteate racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Pods
small, erect, subsessile, subglobose, crowned by an oblique subulate beak,
Euclidium.] X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 165
hard and crustaceous, indehiscent, rarely dehiscent, 2-celled ; septum thick.
Seeds 2, oblong, pendulous ; cotyledons accumbent or obliquely incumbent.—
DiSTEiB. Species 2, central and western Asia.
1. S, syriacum, R. Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 74 ; H.f. <h T. in Joum.
Linn. Soc. v. 179 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 386 ; Griff. Bin. Notes 272, No. 631.
Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Winterbottom; Punjab, at Peshawur, Stewart. — Distrib.
Westwards to central Europe.
Diffuse, much branched, 4-12 in. high, with 2-3-furcate hairs op glabrous; branches
stout, rigid when old. Leaves 1-4 in., petioled, oblong-ianceolate. Flowers distantly
subspicate ; pedicels very short, much thickened in fruit. Fods ^ in, long, pitted,
hairy ; beak (stj'le) stout, obliquely reflexed, mueronate,
39. CRAMBS, Toura
Stout herbs or undershrubs, glabrous or pilose. Leaves pinnate lyrate or
toothed, Eacemes elongate, ebracteate, usually panicled. Flowers conspi-
cuous, white. Sejxds spreading, equal at the base ; filaments of the longer
stamens frequently toothed at the top. Fods indehiscent, articulate, the
upper joint globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded ; lower seedless forming a pedicel to
the upper joint. Seed globose, pendulous from the incurved tip of the
funicle, which rises from the base of the cell ; cotyledons conduplicate. —
DiSTEiB. Species about 20, European and temp. Asiatic.
1. C. cordifolia, Stev. in Mem. Sac. Nat. Mosq. iii. 267 ; H.f. & T. in
Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 180 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 405. C. Kotschyana, Boiss,
Orient, i. 406.
KuNAwuR in the Western Himalaya, and in Western Tibet, alt. 10-14,000 ft. —
Distrib. Westward to Persia and the Caucasus.
A tall stoat bristly hairy perennial. Stem striated. Rootstock thick. Radical leaves
on stout petioles, 1-2 in., petiole striated and dilated at the base, rounded and cordate,
laciniate and variously toothed ; cauline on shorter petioles, ovate elliptic or rhomboid,
toothed or lobed. Racemes loosely panicled. Fods globose, upper part pisiform,
crustaceous. — Some Tibetan specimens have broader petals and shorter stamens (with
the filaments of the long stamens almost simple) than are found in the Affghan and
Caucasian ; but these plants agree in all other respects. Stocks says the root is eaten
in Beluchistan.
40. PKVSORKVNCUS, Hook.
A glabrous, glaucous, leafy undershrub. Leaves fleshy, lower petioled,
upper auricled. Flowers large, white, in elongated distantly flowered
ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect, equal at the base. Fods indehiscent
2-jointed, the lower joint longitudinally 2-celled, seedless, with small
spurious valves ; upper joint large, ovoid, with a long conical beak (style)
2-celled, with thick lacunose walls ; cells 2-4-seeded ; septum thin ; stigma
subcapitate. Seeds flattened, pendulous from the side of the cells ; coty-
ledons conduplicate.
1. P. brahvicus, Hook Ic. PI. t. 821 and 822, Bmss.FL Orient, i. 403
(with syn.). P. chamaerapistrum, Boiss. Lc.
Punjab, in the Salt Range, Ficor?/.— Distrib, Westwards to Southern Persia.
An erect perennial, about 2 ft. high. Leaves 1-4 in., ovate-oblong, entire- or repand-
toothed, tip rounded or acute, lower petioled ; cauline narrowed at the base, slightly
decurrent and auricled, uppermost linear-lanceolate. Fedicels erect, i in,, a little
thickened at the to^. Fods 4-| in.
166 X. CRUClFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Rapkanus.
41. RAFHANUS, Linn.
Coarse, rough or glabrous annuals or biennials. Leaves lyrate-pinnate
or piunatifid. FlowtrsldiVge, yellow, white or pale lilac, veined with purple,
in long ebracteate racemes. JSeprds erect, lateral ones saccate at the base.
Fods indehiscent, elongate, terete, thick, continuous or constricted, with a
long tapering pointed beak, continuous within or filled witli pith separating
the seeds. Seeds pendulous, globose; cotyledons conduplicate. — Distrib.
Species about 6, European and Asiatic.
1. R. satlvus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 228 ; lower leaves lyrate. (Radish.)
Cultivated throughout India, and up to 16,000 ft. in the Himalaya. — Distrib. With
cultivation throughout the temperate and warm zones.
Root fleshy, variable in size and form. Leaves roughly pilose. Flowers variable,
usually white or lilac with purple vein-*. Pods i< rete, continuous, 1 in. to 2 ft. {R. cau-
datus, L.). — The variety {R. caudatus), with whip-like pods as long as the entire
£lant, is commonly cultivated in Western India and the Punjab. The younger
innseus {PL Rar. Hori. l/psal, Dec. i. t. 10, an excellent figure) gives Java as the
country from whence the seeds of caudatus were received, under the name ".Mougri."
R. Rnphanistrum, Linn., can scarcely be distinguished from R. sativtts, and is probably
only the wild state of it.
42. COZiDBACKZA, DC.
A glabrous, glaucous, branched annual. Lower leaves petioled, upper
auricled. Flowers small, pale rose, in elongate, eljracteate racemes. ISepals
erect, equal at the base. Pods coriaceous, indehiscent, tetragonal, slightly
constricted between the seeds, but scarcely jointed, curved, tapering above
into a broad flattened beak ; cells 2 or 3, superimi)osed in one row, each
1 -seeded. Seeds oblong, pendulous ; cotyledons incumbent.
1. G-. l8Bvig-ata, DC. Syst. ii. 577 ; radical leaves many ovate-oblong
sinuate-toothed. //./. dc T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. IbO; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i.
243. G. torulosa, DC. Lc.
Kashmir, alt. 5000 ft., Jacquemont ; common in the Punjab. — Distrib. Westward
to S. Russia.
^tem 9-15 in. high. Radical leaves 4-5 in.; cauline lanceolate, usually slightly
toothed, shortly auricled. Pods pendulous, ^ in. long, reticulately veined, costate at
the angles; pedicels rather slender, reflexed, shorter than the pods. — Boissier describes
a variety, B. ascendcns, having erect pods, with retiexed pedicels. The numerous
Indian specimens examined have all drooping pods, with the exception of one from
Aftghanistan, in which the lower pods are ascending.
43. CKORZSFORA, DC.
A small, branching or tufted, glandular or hairy herb. Leaves entire or
pinnatisect. i'Voi^/e^-s yellow or purple, in few-flowered ebracteate racemes;
{)edicels lengthened, usually tliickening after flowering. Sepals erect,
ateral saccate at the base. Pod elongate, cylindric, torulose, indehis-
cent, with a lengthened beak ; cells numerous, 2-seriate, 1-seeded ; lobes of
the stigma erect ; cotyledons accumbent. — Distkib. About 7 species, na-
tives of Western Asia.
1. C. tenella, DC. Syst. Ver/. ii. 435 ; annual, leaves oblong-lanceolate
or spathulate, flowers purplish, pedicels very short, pods obscurely toru-
Chorispora.] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 167
lose, style rigid subulate. H.f. <& T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 181 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 143.
Western Himalaya and the Punjab; Kashmir, alt, 5-7000 ft., T. T.; Salt Range,
Fleming. — Distrib, Central Asia and westward to Asia-Minor.
Pilose or rough glandular, rarely glabrous. Stem 6-9 in., much branched from the
base. Leaves shortly petioled ; lower^sometimes pinnatifid ; upper entire or toothed.
Flowers small, remote, purple (like those of Malcolmia africana). Racemes much
elongate in fruit. Pods 1^ in,, ascending, slender, curved, transverse-jointed, not con-
stricted between the seeds, beak long subulate ; pedicels ^-5 in., spreading, ultimately
as thick as the pods.
2. C. sibirica, DC. Syd. ii. 437; annual, glandular-hairy, leaves inter-
ruptedly pinnatifid, pedicels slender, pods slender curved torulose monili-
form, beak slender subulate. H.f. <k T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 181.
Hasora in Western Tibet, Winterhottom. — Distrib. Western and Altaian Siberia.
A straight spreading herb, 6-8 in., with numerous branches from the base. Leaves
narrow; lobes equal, entire or lobulated, acute ; terminal long, lanceolate. Flowers
rather large, yellow, few, very remote in lengthened racemes. Pods 1 in,, usually
curved ; cells 2-seriate, opposite, or one row a little higher than the other, but never
alternate, pedicels more slender than the pods, ascending or sometimes arched.
3. C. sabulosa, Camh. in J acq. Voy. Lot. 15, t. 15 ; perennial, glan-
dular-hairy, leaves entire toothed or pinnatifid, flowers yellow or purplish,
pedicels very slender, pods irregularly deeply torulose, joints gibbous, beak
short slender. H. f. ^ T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 181 ; Loiss. FL Orient. 1.
144; Grif. Itin. Notes 306, n. 1054. C. elegans, Camh. I.e. 15, t. 14.
Western Himalaya, from Kunawur to Kashmir ; and Western Tibet, alt. 10-17,000
ft. — Distrib. AfiFghanistan.
Root thick, fleshy, fusiform, branching at the crown. Leaves all radical, tufted,
petioled, oblong-lanceolate, lobes obtuse. Racemes springing from among the leaves,
dense at first, soon elongating to 6-9 in. Flowers large. Pods \-% in. long, straight,
curved or twisted; cells opposite or almost alternate, tuberculated ; pedicels erect,
slender, thickened at the top, as long as the pod.
Order XI. CAPPARIDE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Herbs shrubs or trees, erect or climbing. Leaves simple or palmately
3-9-foliolate ; stipules 2 or 0, sometimes spinescent. Jnflorescence indefi-
nite ; flowers solitary racemed corymbose or uinbelled, regular or irregular,
usually 2-sexual. Sepals 4, free or connate, valvate or imbricate, rarely
open in bud. Petals 4 (rarely 2 or 0), hypogynous or seated on the disk,
imbricate or open in bud. Stamens 4 or more, hypogynous or perigynous,
or at the base of or on a long or short gynophore. Disk 0, or tumid, or
lining the calyx-tube. Ovary sessile or stalked, 1-Celled ; style short or 0,,
stigma depressed or capitate ; ovules indefinite, on 2-4 parietal placentas
amphi- or campy -lotropous. Fruit capsular or berried. Seeds angled or
reniform, exalbuminous ; embryo incurved. — Distrib. Genera 23, species
300, chiefly tropical.
An order with various abnormal genera. — Cratceva has petals inserted on a large
disk ; Mmrua and Niehuhria (which want petals) are calycifloral ; Cadaba has a uni-
lateral disk (bundle of filaments ?) . Roydsia, with 6 sepals, a 3-locular ovary, 3 subu-
late styles, axile placentation and a straight embryo, though included here, might well.
form the type of a distinct Order.
168 XI. CAPPARIDEJE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.)
Tkibe I. Cleomeee. Herbs. Fruit capsular.
Stamens sessile on the disk. Petals imbricate in bud ... 1. Cleome.
Stamens on the gynophore. Petals open in bud 2. Gynandropsis.
Tribe II. Cappareae. Shrubs or trees. FruU berried or capsular.
Calyx tube lined by the disk, lobes valvate.
Petals 0. Fruit ovoid 3. Niebuhria.
Petals 4. Fruit moniliform 4. Mjerua.
Sepals 4, open in bud. Disk hemispheric 5. Crat^va.
Sepals 4, 2-seriate, imbricate, or 2 outer valvate.
' Stamens 4-6, inserted high on the gynophore 6. Cadaba,
Stamens 8- 00 , inserted at the base of the gynophore . . 7. Capparis.
Sepals 6, 2-seriate. Ovary 3-celled ; styles 3 8. Roydsia.
1. CZiSOiaS, Linn.
Herbs. Leaves simple or digitately 3-9-foliolate. Flowers racemed, yellow
rose or purple. Sejyats 4, spreading. Petals 4, regular or ascending. Stamens
4-8, sessile on the disk. Ovary sessile or with a short gynophore ; style
short or ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule oblong or linear,
valves 2 separating from the seed-bearing placentas. ISetds reniform. —
DiSTRiB. Species about. 80, chiefly tropical.
C. heptaphylla, L., a W. Indian species, is cultivated in India ; it is a tall hairy
viscid annual, with prickly stems, 7 leaflets, large purple flowers, aud a long gynophore.
* Leaves simple.
1. C. monophylla, Linn. ; DCProdr. i. 239; leaves oblong-lanceolate
puberulous penninerved, bracts petit)late, stamens 6. Wall. Cat. 6965 ;
W. d; A. Prodr. 21 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 129 ; Thivnites Enum. 14 ; Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afric. I 76. C. cordata, DC l.c.—Burm. Zeyl. t KM), f. 3.
Western Peninsula from Behar aud the Concan to Ceylon, in fields and waste
places. — BiSTRiB. Tropical Africa.
/S/em 1-2 ft., erect, branched. Leaves 1-2 in., base rounded or cordate. Fbwers
J|-l in. long, dull purple; racemes elongating in fruit. Petals long-clawed, ascending.
Capsules 2-4 in., striate, subsessile or shortly stalked. Seeds rugose.
2. C. papulosa, Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, i. 382 ; hairy, often glandular,
leaves ovate-cordate obtuse strigose papillose penninerved, bracts small
sessile, stamens 6. Oliv. FL Tnjp. Afric. i. 76; Fdgew. I.e. vi. 184. C. gra-
cilis, Edgew. in Journ. As. Soc. Peng. xvi. 1212.
Arid districts of Sindh and Western Punjab. — Distrib. Abyssinia, Kordofao,
Arabia.
Stem 6-12 in., erect, branched, strong scented. Leaves \-\^ in., lower long-petioled,
upper subsessile. Flowers very small, pinkish at length dirty yellow ; racemes elon-
gate in fruit ; bracts oblong, upper pedicels ebracteate. Capsules 1-1 ^ in., subsessile,
very slender, finely striate. Seeds glabrous, granulate.
3. C. quinquenervla, DC. Prodr. i. 239 ; viscid, leaves suborbicular
palmately 5-nerved softly pubescent, bracts leafy, stamens 4 or 6. T. Anders,
in Jouim. Linn. Soc. v. Supjd.Si Griff. Itin. iVo^.'323, n. 1261. C.Noreana,
Boiss. Fl. Orient.
Arid districts of Sindh and Western Punjab, Griffith, &c.— Distrib. Affghanistan,
Persia, Afabia.
Stem 6-12 in., erect; branches spreading from the base, rigid woody, strongly
CleoTne.] xi. capparide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 169
aromatic. Leaves^ 1 in. diam., obtuse or acute, base cordate or rounded, margins and
long petioles glandular. Flowers small ; racemes elongate in fruit ; bracts usually
subsessile, rarely narrow, upper sometimes 0. Capsules 1-1 4 by ^ in., sessile, narrow-
oblong, acute at both ends ; hairs short rigid with tubercled bases, mixed with soft
black glandular hairs. /Seeds minute, smooth. — Anderson describes 6 stamens, we find
only 4.
4. C. Stocksiana, Bom. Fl. Orient, i. 414- glandular above, leaves
ovate or obovate tubercled palmately 3-nerved, bracts small or leafy, sta-
mens 6, filaments clavate. Griff. liin. Notes 225, n. 183.
Rocky hills in Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Beluchistan.
Perennial ; branches spreading from the base, erect or ascending, white, glabrous,
rough below, densely glandular and tubercled above. Leaves 1 in., fleshy, acute or
obtuse ; petiole 1-1 J in. Flowers small, pale purple, at length yellow ; racemes short
or long, densely glandular. Petals obovate-spathulate, clawed. Capsules 14 by ^ in.,
broad-linear, subsessile, pendulous, striate. Seeds large, brown hairy.
5. C. sixnplicifolia, H.f. dh T. ; prostrate, strigose, leaves obovate-
oblong or lanceolate, bracts leafy, stamens 10-12, filaments filiform. Po-
lanisia simplicifolia, Camh. in J acq. Voy. Bat. 20, t. 20 ; Dalzell ds Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 8. P. burtporensis, Munroin Wight Ic. t. 1072. C. monophylla,
Law in Graluim Gat. Bomb. Fl. 7.
Northern India, near Burtpore, Munro ; drier parts of the Uekkan and Concan.
Annual, 6-18 in., much branched from the base. Jjeaves 1-2 in., obtuse or acute,
all scaberulous, hairs with scale like bases. Flowers ^ in., violet, in elongating leafy
racemes. Filaments &idoxm. CoprnZe |-1| in., subsessile, torulose; beak | in. Seeds
large, brown, smooth.
** Leaves compound. Stamens 6.
6. C. tenella, Linn.f.; DC. Prodr. i. 240 ; glabrous, leaves 3-foliolate,
leaflets linear, capsule subsessile glabrous, W. d: A. Prodr. 21 ; Wall.
Cat. 6966 ; Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afric. i. 78. C. angustifolia, A. Rich. Fl. Seneg. 20.
Driest parts of the Carnatic, Heyne, &c. — Distrib. Trop. Africa,
Annual, 3-12 in. ; branches many, slender, spreading. Leaflets equalling or exceed-
ing the petiole. Flowers minute, purplish, in few-flowered racemes ; bracts simple or
3-foliolate. Capsules 1-1 1 in., linear. Seeds minute, smooth. — Indian specimens are
rather smaller than African.
7. C. brachycarpa, Vahl ex DC. Prodr. i. 240 ; musky, glandular and
rough, leaves 3-5-foliolate upper simple, leaflets obovate or oblong, capsule
scaberulous. T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 4 ; Edgew. I.e. vi.
184 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 77. C. Ruta, Camh. in J acq. Voy. Bot. 19, 1. 19.
C. Vah liana, Fresen. ; and diversifolia, Hochst.
N.W. India, from Agra, Jamieson, westward to Peshawur, Stewart; Sindh, Stocks.
— D18TRIB. Arabia, Abyssinia.
Perennial, 6-12 in., branched from the base. Leaflets ^-4 in., lower petioled, floral
subsessile. Flowers ^-4 in. long, yellow, long-peduncled, in leafy racemes. Capsules
I in,, oblong. Seeds minute, smooth.
8. C. aspera, Koenig ex DC. Prodr. i.241 ; branches glabrous prickly,
leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets equalling or exceeding the petioles, flowers
axillary, capsule sessile slender torulose. W. (k A. Prodr. 22 ; Wall. Cat
6967 ; Wight Ic. t. 287. C. diffusa, Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 129.
Western Peninsula and Ceylon ; common in sandy soil.
Annual, 6-18 in. ; branches many from the root, prickles minute. Leaflets \-\ in.
170 XI. CAPPARiDEiE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Cleome.
Flowers \ in. long, dull yellow, solitary, long-pedicelled. Capsules 1-1 1 in., sessile,
slender, beaked. /Seeds large, glabrous, transversely rugose.
9. C. Burxnanni, W. <k A. Prodr. 22; branches glabrous prickly,
leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets shorter than the petiole obovate or oblong-lanceo-
late, flowers axillary, capsule stalked terete. Polanisia dodecandra, DO.
I.e. 242.— Barm. Thes. Ztyl t. 100, f. 1 {not good).
Fields of the Carnatic, and in Cetlon, Koenig, &c.
Annual, 6-18 in. ; branches many from the root. Leaflets 1 in., acute or obtuse.
Flowers j in., solitary, purple. Capsules 2 in., terete, glabrous, striate, tapering at
both ends ; stalk y\-| in., slender. /Seeds glabrous, transversely rugose. — U. ciliata,
Sch. ((; Th., of tropical Africa approaches this very closely.
*** Leaves compound. Stainens lO-oo .
10. C. felina, Linn. f. Si(p])l. 300; rough with rigid scale-like hairs,
leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets obovate, flowers axillary long-pedicelled, stamens
28-32, capsule glabrous. Polanisia felina, DC. Frodr. i 242 ; Hall. Cat.
6971 ; iV. d' A. Frodr. 22 {excl. sri/n. Hm't. Alalab.).
Southern provinces of the Carnatic, Koenig, &c.
Annual, erect, 1-2 ft., much branched. Leaflets ^-1 in., obtuse, equalling or shorter
than the petiole. Flowers ^-^ in. long, solitary, purple. Calyx and corolla bristly
outside. Filaments filiform. Capside 1-1 4 by ^ in., compressed, liuear-obluug, acute
at both ends, striate. /ScctZs large, glabrous, tubercled.
11. C. v^scosa, Linn.; softly pubescent, leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets
ovale or MMKato, lioweis racenied long-pedicelled, stamens J2-20.\ppsule
glandular-pubescent. Roxb. Fl. Iml. ii. 128. C. icosandra, Linn, rolanisia
viscosa, DC. Frodr. i. 242 ; Wall. Cat. 6968. Polanisia icosandra, W. d' A.
Frodr. 22 ; Wii/ht Ic. t. 2.—F/i£ede Ilort, Mai ix. t. 33.
Abundant throughout tropical and warm India, and the rest of the world.
Annual, erect, 1-3 ftr, hairs simple and glandular mixed. Leaflets equalling or
shorter than the petiole, upper usually subsessile. Flowers ^ in. long, yellow. Petals
reriexed. Capsule 2-34 i"-. striate, narrowed to the tip. ^eeds small, granular.
12. C Chelldonll, LAnn.f. Siippl. 300; glabrous or sparsely scabrid,
leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets obovate or oblong, flowers racemose then
corymbose long-i)edicelled, stamens very many, capsule glabrous. Foxb.
FLInd. iii. 127. Polanisia Chelidonii, DC. Frodr. i. 242; W. S A. Prodr.
22 ; Wight Ic. t. 319 ; Wall. Cat. 6969 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 8. P. hete-
rophylla. Wall. Cat. 6970. P. Bchraderi and Leschenaultii, DC Corynan-
dra pulchella, Schrad.
Moist places from the N. Circars, Roxburgh^ and Poonah, Jacquem., southwards. —
DiSTfUB. Java.
Aimual, erect, 1-3 ft., much branched, glabrous or with few bristles. Leaves long-
petioled, pubescence appressed, scabrid; leaflets 1-1 4 in., obtuse or acute. Flowers
f-in. diam., regular, rosy; bracts small, simple or 3-foliolate. Petals sessile, ovate.
Filaments clavate above. Capside 2-4 in., slender, tapering at both ends, striate.
Seed rather large, pale brown, muricate.
2. GVNANDXIOPSZS, DC.
An annual glandular-pubescent or glabrate herb. Leaves 5-foliolate,
long-petioled. Flowers racemed. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, spreading,
long-clawed, open in bud. Sitimens 6, filaments adnate below to the slender
gynophore, spreading above. Ovary stalked, ovules many. Capsule elon-
Gynandropsis.] xi. capparide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 171
gate, stalked ; valves 2, separating from the seed-bearing |)lacentas. Seeds
reuiform, black, scabrous.
1. G-. pentapliylla, DC. Prodr. i. 238 ; leaflets broad-obovate acute or
obtuse entire or serrulate. W. & A. Prodr. 21 ; Wall. Vat. 6964. Cleome
pentaphylla, Linn.; Roxh. FL Ind. ii. 126.—Pheede Uort. Mai. ix. t. 34.
Abundant throughout the warm parts of India and all tropical countries.
Erect, branched, 1-3 ft. Leaflets 1-2 in. Flowers i-§ in. diam., white or purplish,
in glutinous racemes ; bracts 3-lolioIate. Capsules 2-4 in., nearly glabrous, striated.
3. NZEBVKRIA, DC.
Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Leaves 1-5-foliolate ; stipules setaceous.
Flowers solitary or corymbose. Calyx-tuhe ovoid; limb 4- cleft, valvate.
Petals 0. IStamens indefinite, united on the gynophore at about the level of
the top of calyx-tube ; filaments filiform, exserted. Ovary stipitate, 1 -celled ;
ovules many on 2 parietal placentas ; stigma subsessile. Berry ovoid,
1-seeded. Seed large ; cotyledons fleshy involute. — Distkib. Species about
8, tropical African and Asiatic.
1. N. linearis, DC. Prodr. i. 244 ; glabrous, leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets
ovate oblong linear or lanceolate, flowers racemed. Wall. Cat. 6975;
W.(kA. Prodr. 23 ; Wight Ic. t. 176 ; Hook. Ic. Pl.X. 124. Capparis apetala,
Both. Nov. Sp. 238. C. linifolia, Poxh. Hort. Beng. 41. Crataeva apetala,
Spreng. Syst. ii. 448.
Hilly parts of the Carnatic, Roth, Wight, &c,
A small tree, bark pale grey. Leaflets 1-2 by ^-1 in-, equalling the petiole of the
leaf, minutely wrinkled, shortly petiolulate ; 5 and linear in young plants. Racemes
1-2 in., terminal, few-Howered. Calyx 4 in., persistent. Berry 4-§ in., ovoid or sub-
globose, 1-3-seeded; stalk 1-1 J in.
4. MHIRUA, Forskahl.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves simple. Flowers corymbose. Calyx-tid)e lined
by a disk ; lobes 4, valvate. Petals 4 (in the Indian species), smaller than the
calyx-lobes, ovate, inserted on the edge of the disk. Stamens many, inserted
high up on the gynophore, filaments exserted. Ovary long stalked, 1 -celled,
or 2-celled by the cohesion of the placentas ; ovules many, on 2-4 parietal
placentas. Berry fleshy, elongate, moniliform, 1- or more-seeded. Cotyledons
fleshy, involute.— DiSTRiB. Species about 20, tropical Asiatic and African.
1. HL. arenaria, H. f. (& T. ; glabrous or pubescent, leaves broad-
ovate acute or oblong and obtuse or retuse, corymbs terminal or on lateral
shoots, petals lanceolate acute.
Western Himalaya, and Central India, abundant : var. 2. Gangetic plain, about
Delhi and Agra.
A large woody climber. Leaves ^-3 in. Flowers §-1 in. long, white. Calyx-tube
dilated upwards, about 4 as long as the limb. Berry 2-5 in., deeply constricted be-
tween the seeds — 31. ohlongifolia of Arabia and Africa differs only in the cylindric
calyx-tube equalling its limb.
Var. 1. glabra; glabrous and glaucous except the margins of the calyx-lobes.
Niebuhria arenaria and ohlongifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 244; Wall. Cat. 6976; W. & A.
Prodr. 24 in part; Hooh. Ic. PI. t. 127. Capparis heteroclyta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 570.
Var. 2. scabra; young shoots and upper leaves scabrous, calyx softly pubescent.
M. scabra and ovalifolia, Camb. in Jacq, Voy. Bat. 22, t. 23, 24. Niebuhria oblougi-
folia, Boyle 111. 73.
172 XI. CAPPARIDE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Cratesva,
5. CRATSSVA, Linn.
Trees. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers large, yellow or purplish, polygamous.
Sepals 4, cohering below with the convex lobed disk. Petals 4, long-clawed,
open in bud. Stamens indefinite, adnate to the base of the gynophore.
Ovary on a slender stalk, 1 -celled; stigma sessile, depressed ; ovules many,
on 2 parietal placentas. Berry fleshy. Seeds imbedded in pulp. — Distrib.
Species about 6, tropical and cosmopolitan.
" 1. C. rellg-iosa, For si. ; DC. Prodr. i. 243; leaflets ovate or ovate-
lanceolate appearing with the large greenish yellow at length purplish
flowers. Capparis 3-foliata, lioxb. Fl. Tnd. ii. 57 L
Near streams in Malabar and Canara ; cultivated elsewhere in India. — Distrib.
Trop. Africa.
1 A spreading, unarmed, deciduous tree. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets 3-6 by 1 1-2? in.,
abruptly or gradually acuminate, pale beneath. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., in terminal
corjmbs. Petals ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute ; claw ^ as long as the Hmb. Berry
1-2 in. diam., many-seeded. — Very variable. Intermediates may be found between the
following varieties. The form of the ovary and fruit does not always correspond with
that of the leaflets. Imperfect specimens of a Mergui species of Griffith, with large
broad obtuse thick coriaceous leaves, may be different.
Var. 1, Nurvala; leaflets ovate-lanceolate taper-pointed, berry ovoid. C. Nurvala,
Ham., in Trans. Linn. Sac. xv. 122 ; Wall. Cat. 6973; W. & A. Prodr, 2Z.—Bhecde
Hort. Malah. iii. t. 42.
Var. 2. Boxburghii ; leaves small ovate-lanceolate abruptly acuminate, beny glo-
bose. C. Roxburghii, Br. in Denh. & Clajjji. Traveh, App. 224 ; W.& A. Prodr. 23;
Hook. Ic. PI t. 178. C. odora, religiosa and unilocularis, Ham. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 6972.
6. CADABA, Forskahl.
Unarmed shrubs. Leaves simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers solitary corym-
bose or racemed. Sepals 4, unequal, 2-seriate, 2 outer valvate. Petals 4, or 2,
rarely 0, clawed, hypogynous. Disk equalling the petal-claw, trumpet-
shaped or spathulate, with a tubular claw. Stamens 4-G, unilateral on the
slender gynophore ; filaments filiform, exserted, spreading. Ovary long-
stalked, 1-celled ; stigma sessile - ovules many on 2-4 parietal placentas.
Fi-nit fleshy, slender, cylindric, berried or dehiscing tardily upwards by
2 valves, which leave the pulpy placentas. Seeds subglobose, testa cartila-
ginous ; cotyledons convolute. — Distkib. Species about 12, tropical and
subtropical African and Asiatic.
I-- 1. C. trifoliata, W. d- A. Prodr. 24; leaves palmately 3-foliolate,
leaflets oblong or lanceolate, petals 2, stamens 6, fruit tardily dehiscent.
C. triphylla, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. 296, Suppl. t. 37. Stroemeria trifo-
liata, jtioxb. Fl. Did. ii. 79. Desmocarpus missionis. Wall. Cat. 6798.
Southern parts of the Carnatic, Berry, &c. Drier parts of Ceylon.
A rigid branched shrub, bark brown, shoots rather hairy. Leaflets 2 in. ; petioles
J-4 in. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., in few-flowered, axillary and terminal corymbs. Sepals
pale green, membranous, oblong, outer l^ in. Petals 2 in., yellowish-white, limb sub-
orbicular. Disk-limb bright yellow, recurved. Capsule 2-4 in., valves brittle.
2. C. indlca, Lamk.; DC: Prodr. i. 244 ; leaves simple ovate or oblong
acute obtuse or mucronate, petals 4 limb oblong, stamens 4, fruit dehiscent.
Wall Cat. 6977; W. S A. Prodr. 24; Dalz. <0 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 9. Stroe-
meria tetrandra, Vahl y Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 78. Cleome fruticosa, Linn.
Cadaba.] xi. capparideje. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 173
Western Peninsula, from Guzerat and the Concan southwards, on old walls and in
waste dry places.
A straggling much branched shrub, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 1-1 4 in.
Flowers 1 in. diara., greenish white, in few-flowered terminal corymbs ; bracts small,
subulate. Sepals ovate. Claw o{ petals narrow. Dish broad, funnel-shaped, smooth,
fimbriate. Fruit 1-1 4 in., cylindric; pulp orange.
3. C. farinosa, Forsk. ; DC.Prodr. i. 244 ; hoary, leaves ovate or oblong
obtuse, petals 4 limb narrow spathulate, stamens 5, fruit indehiscent ?
Deless. Ic. Set. iii. t. 8 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 89. C. Dubia, DC. I.e.
Dry places in the Punjab at Multan, Edgeworth ; and Sindh, Stocks. — Bistrib.
Arabia, trop. Africa.
A straggling, much branched, wiry shrub. Leaves \-h in. rarely 1 in. Flowers as
in C. indica but petals very narrow. Fruit ^-l^ in., cylindric — Delessert's Icones re-
presents 6 stamens, we find 5 only.
4. C. heterotrlcha, Stocks in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 839 ; glaucous and pulveru-
lent, leaves broad obovate or orbicular, petals 4 limb suborbicular, stamens 5.
Sindh ; on rocks near Cape Monze, Stocks.
A small rigid branched tree, 10-20 ft., young parts often glandular. Leaves 1 in.
Flowers ^ in. diara., in terminal dense corymbs. Sepals ovate, acute. Limb of petals
equalling the claw. Cluw of disk slender, tubular, limb small, oblong, crenate. Fruit
unknown.
7. CAPPARIS, Linn. ^
Trees or shrubs, erect decumbent or climbing, unarmed or with stipulary
thorns. Leaves simple, rarely 0. Flowers white or coloured, often showy.
Sepals 4, free, imbricate in 2 series, or 2 outer subvalvate. Petals 4, sessile,
imbricate. Stamens indefinite, inserted on the torus at the base of the long
gym)phore. Ovary stalked, 1-4-celled ; stigma sessile ; ovules many, on
2-fiiarietal placentas. Fruit fleshy, rarely bursting by valves. Seeds many,
imbedded in pulp, testa crustaceous or coriaceous ; cotyledons convolute.
— DiSTEiB. Species 120, natives of all warm climates, except N. America.
Sect. I. Flowers solitary, axillary. (Flowers sometimes fascicled in
3, zeylanica, and 4, Heyneana.)
1. C. spinosa, Linn. ; leaves orbicular, pale green not shining acute,
obtuse or retuse, thorns straight hooked or 0, flowers large, fruit ribbed
often dehiscing. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 95. (Caper plant.}
Hot Western Himalayan valleys Eastward to Nipal ; West. Tibet, ascending to
13,000ft.; Sindh; Punjab; and Western Peninsula in the Mahableshwar hills. —
Distrib. Affghanistan, West Asia, Europe, N. Africa, Australia, Sandwich Islands.
A branched shrub, glabrous or hoary, branches prostrate or trailing. Leaves 1-2 in.,
orbicular or broad ovate. F'lowers white, with purple filaments ; pedicels equalling or
exceeding the leaves; fruit 1^-2 in., ovoid or oblong.
Var. 1. galeata ; armed, glabrous, often glaucous, leaves fleshy, anticous sepal very
Baccate. C. galeata, Fres. — Maritime, from Sindh to Arabia, and E. Africa.
Var. 2. rupestris; unarmed, leaves suborbicular fleshy. C. rupestris, aS'i^^^. i^Zo/*.
Grcec. t. 487 ; Wall. Cat. 7001 (no locality and perhaps not Indian).
Var. 3. vulgaris ; armed, young parts downy. C. obovata, Royle III. 73 ; Camhess.
inJacq. Toy. Lot. t. 21. C. Murrayana, Graham Cat. Bombay PL 9 ; Wight III.
t. 379 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. F'l. 9 (C iEgyptiaca, Linn. C. herbacea, Willd.). —
The common Indian and Oriental form.
Var. 4. leucophylla, DC. Prodr. i. 246 (sp.) ; floccose all over with white pubescence,
Deless. Ic. Set. iii. t. 10. C. nepalensis, IVall. Cat. 6979.— Confined in India to the
lower Himalayan valleys, also Persian.
174 XI. CAPPARIDEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Capparis.
2. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 6984 ; branches tomentose, leaves ovate
acute mucronate shining above pubescent beneath, flowers large, pedicels
short, ovary glabrous. C. pyrifolia, W.d: A. Prodr. 25 {not of LamJc. db DC.);
Wight Ic. t. 1047.
Eastern slopes of the Nilghiri Mts., Wight.
A dense branched spreading shrub, 2-3 ft. ; thorns recurved. Leaves 1 in., short-
petioled, pubescence brown. Flowers 3 in. diam. ; pedicels \-^ in. Petal'^ broadly
obovate-cuneate, almost truncate. Ovary narrow-oblong, furrowed. Pruit 2 in., gla-
brous, oblong, beaked.
3. C. zeylanlca, Linn, {not DC. nor W. d^ A.); glabrous, armed,
leaves broad ovate to lanceolate usually acute and mucronate reticulate
beneath, flowers large, pedicels slender, ovary pubescent. Willd Sp. PI. 11
1132; Wall. Cat. 6789. C. acuminata, A'oj;6. Fl. Lid. ii. 566 (not Willd.),
C. brevispina, DC. ; W. <ic A. Prodr. 24 ; Thwaites Enuni. 15 ; Hooh. Ic. PI.
1. 126 ; Dak. <& Gibs. BomfKiy Fl. 9. C. Wallichiana, W. dc A. Prodr. 25 ;
Wall. Cat. 6987. (C. Klieedii and rotundifolia, Roltb.)
Common in the Carnatic and Malabar ; occasional in the Western Dekkan ; dry
parts of Ceylon.
A rigid, wiry, much branched shrub ; shoots sometimes puberulons. Leaves 1^-3 by
4-1 i in., coriaceous, shining above, sometimes pubescent beneath. Flowers 2 in. diam.,
■white, sohtary or 2-3 on a short shoot; 2 lower petals yellowish, changing to red
browni ; pedicels 1-2 in. Omr// oblong. Fruit 2 m., ovoid, smooth. — C. zeylanlca,
DC, is probably C. tenera or acuminata.
4. C. Kejmeana, Wall. Cat. 6986 ; unarmed or thorns minute, leaves
ovate or lanceolate acute or acuminate reticulate beneath, flowers solitary or
fascicled, pedicels slender 1-bracteate, ovary tomentose. W. d' A. Prodr.
25, C. formosa. Dak. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 40 ; Dak. d' Gibs. Bomh. Fl. 9.
— Rheede Hort. Mai. vl t. 57. \;»
From S. Concan and Canara, to Travancor; Ceylon, Thicaites (2509 in part).
An erect shrub ; young parts floccose. Leaves 3-6 by 4-3 in., base acute, coria-
ceous, old shining above. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., white pale blue or HIac, solitary or
2-3 ; pedicels 1-2 in., terminal ; bracts linear. Sepals obtuse, tomentose inside. Petals
obovate, 2 lower close together with a yellow basal spot. Fruit (immature) 1^ in., ovoid,
beaked.
6. C. divarlcata, Lamh. ; DC. Prodr. i. 252 ; glabrous, thoms straight,
leaves linear-oblong or ovate obtuse mucronate 6-7-nerved at the base,
flowers solitary, pedicels slender, ovary glabrous ribbed. Wall. Cat. 6988
B {not A); W. d A. Prodr. 27; Wight Ic. t. 889. C. stylosa, DC; Wall.
Cat. 6980 ; W. d' A. Prodr. 25 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10.
The Dekkan, and Carnatic at Tanjore and Coirabatore.
A shrub or small tree, branches spreading, glabrous or shoots hoary. Leaves 1^-3
by |-1 in., thick, coriaceous; petiole short. Flowers 24 in. diam. ; buds beaked; pe-
dicels i-1 in. Sepals very coiicave, ovate. Petals narrowly obovatc-spathulate. Fruit
2-3 in. diam., subglobose, 5-6-ribbed, tubercled, obtusely beaked. — Originally described
from young plants with slender branches and narrow leaves. Graham describes the
flower as red.
Sect. II. Flowers umbelled, racemed, corymbose or panicled.
* Flowers in simple corymbs (sornetimes compound in 9, versicolor, or
icemose in 13, grandis).
6. C. apbylla, Both; DC. Prodr. i 246; glabrous, thorns iu pairs
-Capparis.] XI. capparide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 175
straight, leaves (only on younsf shoots) glabrous linear pungent, buds pu-
bescent, stamens 18-20. WalL Cat. 6983 ; W.&A. Prodr, 27 ; Dalz. (fc Gibs.
Bomb. Fl, 9 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i 95. (C. Sodada, Br. Sodada deci-
dua, Forsk.)
Driest places in the Punjab, Guzerat, Kajputana, the Dekkan and S. Carnatic. —
DiSTRiB. Arabia, Egypt, N. trop. Africa,
A dense much branched shrub ; branches slender, glabrous. Flowers 1 in. diam,,
red-brown, in many-flowered corymbs on short lateral shoots. Outer sepals subvalvate,
ciliate ; inner very saccate. Fruit \-% in., glabrous, long-beaked.
7. C. diversifolla, W. <k A. Prodr. 27 ; glabrous, thorns recurved base
broad, leaves glabrous linear or oblong- lanceolate, flowers 1^ in. purple,
ovary glabrous. Hook. Ic. Pl.t. 181. C. reticulata, Klein, ex Wall. Cat. 6986.
C. divaricata, Wall. Cat. 6988, A {not B). C. caerulea, Heyne ex Wall. Cat. l.c.
Western Peninsula, in Travancore.
A shrub, branches zigzag, young puberulous. Leaves 1^-2 by J-| in,, uppermost
usually (rarely all) twice as long and ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, shining above ; petiole
Jin. Flowers 1| in,, in few-flowered terminal subsessile corymbs; pedicels subclavate,
puberulous. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals broad-obovate. Ovary narrow-oblong. Fruit
1^ in., ovoid, smooth, many-seeded.
8. C. trinervia, R. f. <^ T. ; branches brown-tomentose, thorns recur-
ved, leaves glabrous broad-lanceolate 3-plinerved, sepals orbicular tomen-
tose, ovary glabrous.
Tenasserim, Heifer; Tavoy, Parish.
Climbing ?, branches long. Leaves 2-3 by |-1 in. ; 'nervules transverse, few ; petiole
and midrib brown tomentose. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., in terminal many -flowered
corymbs ; pedicels 1-1^ in., lower with fuliaceous bracts, upper with minute ones. Ovary
ovoid, acute ; gynophore 1^ in. Fruit unknown.
9. C. versicolor, Griffith Notvl. iv. 577 ; branches glabrous, thorns short
recurved, leaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate
obscurely penninerved, sepals ovate glabrous, ovary glabrous.
Tenasserim, Griffith. — Distrib. Java.
Climbing; branches flagelliform. Leaves 2-3 by |-1 in., tip retuse, glabrous and
shining above, pale beneath; petiole \ in., puberulous. Flowers 2 in, diam., white
then rose ; buds globose, glabrous ; corymbs simple, terminal, with the lower flowers
axillary, or few-flowered and disposed in lateral racemes 1-1^ in. long; pedicel 1 in.
Outer sepals very convex, inner petioled. Ovary ovoid, gynophore 1^ in. — Perhaps C
salaccensis, Blume, of which we have seen no authentic specimen.
10. C. nXoonii, Wight III. 35 ; branches glabrous, thorns recurved,
leaves oblong obtuse or subacute with a callous tip glabrous, flowers 4-5 in.
diam., sepals orbicular, ovary glabrous. Thwaites Enmn. 16.
CoNCAN, Stocks, &c, ; Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft.
A large woody climber, branches flagellate. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 J in., coriaceous,
shining above, pale beneath. Flowers white, in 6-12-flowered almost leafless terminal
corymbs, with sometimes a solitary axillary flower; pedicels 1-2 in,, stout. Outer
sepals orbicular, convex, much imbricated. Petals subpilose. Gynophore 3-4 in.
Fruit 2-4: in. d\am., obovoid or subglobose. Seeds many, size of a large bean. — Pro-
bably a large flowered state of C. Boxhurghii. Thwaites' character of the long funicle
is altogether inconstant.
11. C. Rozburg-hil, DC. Prodr. i. 247 ; young branches hoary-pu-
bescent, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous obovate-oblong obtuse acute or
acuminate, flowers 2 in. diam., sepals orbicular, ovary glabrous. W. & A,
176 XI. CArPARiDE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Capparis.
Prodr. 26 ; Wight Ic. t. 1048 ; Thwaites Enum. 15. C. corymbosa, Roxh.
Fl. Ind. ii. 569. C. bisperma, Wight Cat. 104 {not Roxh.\
Forests of the Western Ghauts and Carnatic.
A large woody climber ; pubescence ashy or yellow, minute, deciduous. Leaves 1 4-24
by 1-1^ in., base acute, shining and glabrous above, pale beneath. Floicers white,
arranged as in C. Moonii; buds usually tomentose. Petals broadly obovate-cuneate.
Gynophore I5-2 in. Fruit 1-2 in. diam., globose.
12. C. grandls, Linn.f. ; DC. Prodr. I 248 ; branches pubescent, thorns
or recurved, leaves broad-ovate or obovate acute obtuse or retuse silky
beneath, buds pubescent, ovary glabrous. Wall. Cat. 6996 ; W. <Sc A. Prodr,
27 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10. C. maximus, Roth ; Wall. Cat. 6995.
C. bisperma, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 668 ; W.d'A. Prodr. 26 {excl.sy 71. Wight Cat.,
d' Kleen.). C. obovata, Uam. and racemifera, DC. I.e. 248.
Hill forests of the Carnatic, Dekkan, and Ceylon.
A tree. Leaves 2-3 by 1^-2 in., base acute, glabrous above and the old on both
surfaces ; petiole 4-§ in. Flowers ^-1 in. diam., white, in terminal corymbs or racemes,
lower with leafy upper with deciduous bracts ; pedicels 1 in. Petals narrow-obovate
obliquely ascending. Gynophore 1 in. sometimes only 4 or ^i in* Fruit size of a nut-
meg, subglobose, purple, smooth, 2-6-8eeded.
** Flowers in simple umbels.
13. C. orblculata, WaU. mss. in Herb. Linn. Soc. ; branches pilose,
thorns recurved from a broad downy base, leaves suborbicular truncate
retuse or mucronate papillose and hairy above tomentose beneath, flowers
small, ovary glabrous.
Segain hills, Birma, WaUich, Griffith.
A much branched rigid spreading shrub. Leaves |-1 in. broad, obscurely trapezoid,
base cordate ; hairs above papillose ; petiole very short. Flowers umbelled, peduncle
1-2 in., 1-leaved at the tip ; pedicels ^-f in., slender, spreading. Perianth absent.
Ovary oblong, acute ; gynophore less than 4 in.
14. C. pedunculosa, Wall. Cat. 6993 ; branches pubescent, thorns
recurved, leaves glabrous suborbicular obtuse or retuse penninerved,
sepals equalling the oblong petals, ovary glabrous. Ilook. Ic. Pl.t. 128;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 9. C. sepiaria. Wall. Cat. 6993, G.
Western Peninsula, Russell; near Tanjore, in the Carnatic, Wight; Concan,
Stocks, &c.
A spreading branched shrub; branches wiry, at length glabrous. Leaves f-1^ by
4-1 in., base cordate, shining above; petiole very short. Flowers \-l in. diam., in
2-6-flowered terminal or axillary and shortly (^-^ in.) peduiuled umbels ; pedicels
1-1 4 in., slender. Sepals reflexed in flower. Ovary oblong; gynophore 1 in. Fruit size
of a cherry, globose, several-seeded.
15. C. long'isplna, H.f. <k T. ; branches pubescent, thorns long acicu-
lar, leaves ovate-cordate acute rarely obtuse pubescent beneath, sepals equal-
ling the oblong petals.
A spreading much-branched shrub ; branches slender, wiry, softly pubescent. Leaves
\-\\ by 4-f in-, glabrous above ; petiole very short. Flowers exactly as of C. pedun-
culosa, in sessile terminal umbels. Fruit (mature ?) size of a pea. — Possibly a state
of C. pedunculosa, though differing much in thorns pubescence and leaf-form.
16. C. parviflora, H. f. d^ T. ; branches unarmed, thorns 0, leaves
glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers small,
buds glabrous, sepals and petals oblong, ovary glabrous.
Capparis.] xi. CAPPARiDEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 177
Shewageri hills in the Carnatic, Wight.
A spreading wiry much branched shrub (or tree?). Leaves l|-3 by ^-\ in,, base
narrow but cordate ; petiole short, broad. Flowers not { in. diara., in axillary or sub-
terminal 3-6-flowered subsessile or shortly peduncled umbels ; pedicels |-i in., slender.
Petals oblong. Ovary oblong, gynophore ^ in- i'ruit pisiform.
17. C. sepiaria, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 247; branches hoary or tomen-
tose, thorns recurved, leaves ovate oblong obovate or oblong-lanceolate
subacute or retuse penninerved downy (rarely glabrous) beneath, sepals
oblong, petals narrow, ovary glabrous. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 568 ; Wall. Cat.
6993; W. <&; A. Prodr. 26; Camb. in J acq. Voy. Bot. t. 22; Valz. & Gibs.
Bombay FL 10.
Dry places throughout India, from the Punjab and Sindh to Birma, Pegu, the
Carnatic, and Ceylon (at Jaffna, Gardner). — Distrib. Philippines.
A spreading wiry branched shrub. Leaves f-l^ by ^-f in. ; petiole y^j- in. Flowers
\-\ in. diam., white, in many-flowered sessile or shortly peduncled umbels ; pedicels
slender, \-% in. Ovary ovoid, pointed; gynophore ^-\ in. Fruit pisiform, black.
Var. 1. vulgaris ; branches softly tomentose, leaves broad.
Var. 2. incanescens ; DC. Prodr. i, 247 (sp.), branches rigid wiry, hoary, white,
leaves oblong. Wall. Cat. 6994 ; W. & A. Prodr. 26 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 123. C. stylosa
/S, DC. I.e.
Var. 3. retuseUa; Thwaites Enum. 16, 400 (ep.) J branches browu-tomentose,
leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous beneath, tip tapering retuse, umbels few-
flowered, gynophore longer. — Ceylon, near Kandy, Thwaites.
*** Flowers in racemose or panicled rarely solitary umbels or corymbs.
18. C. pumila, Champion in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. iii. 260; young
branches puberulous, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, stamens about 20, buds globose glabrous. Benth. Fl. Hong-
Kmg, 18. C. punctata, Wall. Cat. 7002.
Khasja hills, alt. 2-3000 ft. — Distrib. E. China.
A shrub, twigs sarmentose or climbing. Leaves 2-3-4 ^7 f-^^^ ^n., base acute, ob-
ficurely penninerved ; petiole \ in., pubescent. Flowers 4 in. diam. ; white, in few-
flowered corymbs or umbels arranged in large terminal panicles ; pedicel J-^ in.
Petals oblong. Ovary ovoid-oblong, glabrous ; gynophore \ in. Fruit 4-| in. diam,,
globose, glabrous.
19. C. floribunda, Wight HI. i. 33, t. 14 ; branches glabrous, thorns
or recurved, leaves glabrous oblong rounded at both ends retuse apiculate,
stamens about 8, buds globose glabrous, C. malabarica, Wall. Cat. 7000.
C. o\ig2kXidiY?\.^ Griffith Notul. iv. 577.
Malabar, Heyne; Orissa, Cleghorn ; Tena^serim, Griffith, &c. Ceylon in the
Doombesa district, Thwaites. — Distrib. Philippines.
A large woody climber; branches slender. Leaves 3-5 by f-l| in., coriaceous,
shining above, obscurely penninerved below. Flowers 4 in. diara., white ; umbels
many flov\'ered, in large terminal panicles; pedicels ^-l in. Sepals reflexed in flower.
Petals oblong. Ovary ovoid, acute ; gynophore 4 in. P'ruit 1 in. diam., globose,
smooth, several-seeded.
20. C. assamica, H. /. <& T. ; branches glabrous, thorns minute
straight or slightly curved, leaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate
acuminate reticulate beneath, flowers racemed, buds very small globose.
Assam, Griffith.
Erect?; branches slender. Zeavea 4-6 by 14-2 in., base acute, pale below. Flowers
n terminal many-flowerod racemes, 3-4 in, long, which bear many subulate empty
VOL. I. N
178 XI. CAPPARiDE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Capparis.
bracts at 'the base, and at the top a tuft of the same probably enclosing a leaf-bud ;
buds immature, each in the axil of a subulate bract ; pedicel ^ in. tSejtuls 4, imbricate
in pairs.
Sect. III. Flowers seriate in vertical lines on the branches.
21. C. xnultiflora, H.f. & T. ; branches glabratej^ thorns 0, leaves large
glabrous broad-lanceolate or oblong taper-pointed, flowers small, sepals
glabrous.
Tropical valleys in E. Nipal, and Sik;kim ; Bhotan, Griffith; Hookhoom valley in
BiRMA, Griffith.
A large woody climber; branches long, slender. Leaves 6-12 by 2-5 in., thin, base
acute, pale beneath ; upper 2-4 in., often bractlike and very deciduous ; petiole h-^ in.
Flowers 4-| in- diam., supra-axillary to the leaf or bracts, forming a leafy or naked 4-
or more-flowered raceme ; pedicels |-4 in. Petals obuvate-obloug. Ooary glabrous.
Fruit pisiform or larger, l-S-seeded.
22. C. borrlda, Linn. f. ; DC. Prodr. i. 246 ; young leaves buds and
shoots brown-tomentose, thorns stout broad-based recurved, leaves ovate
obovate or oblong acute obtuse or mucronate at length shining above,
petals oblong ciliate, ovary glabrous acute. Wall. Cat. G981 ; W. <{• A ■ Prodr.
26; Wight Ic. t. 173; Ltalz. <£: Gihs. Bombay Fl. 10. C. zeylanica, lioxh.
Fl. Ind. ii. 667 {not of Linn.). C. forniosa. Wall. Cat. 6982 A. C. acu-
minata, Willd.; Wall. Cat. 6990 C {not A or B). C. tenuiflora ami quad-
riflora, DC. I.e. 247. C. ery tbrodasys, Miq.^Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 99. Capparis
sp. Grif. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. iv. t. 698.
Gangetic valley, &c., as far N. as Sahaninpore ; Western Peniksdla, Chitta-
GONo to Pegu; Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Philijipines.
Shrubby, climbing. Leaves li-4 by f-2 in., tip pungent, at length shining above
and usually much reticulate. Flowers 1^-2 in., white or purplish; buds globose;
pedicels supra-axillary, ^-1 in., upper longer. Fruit 1-1^ in. diam., obovoid or sub-
globose, smooth, obtusely 4 angled, red-brown, many-seeded.
23. C. acuxainata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 247 ; young shoots and leaves
beneatli brown-toMUutose, tliorns straight or curved, leaves at length gla-
brous broad-ovate obtusely acuminate, buds globose downy, flt)wers small.
C. zeylanica, W. <& A. Prodr. 25 {notof Limi., hut peilutps of DC. Prodr.).
Western Peninsula, Carnatic? Kkin in Herb. Wight.
Erect?; branches slender. Leaves 1^-2 by 1-1^ in., obtusely acuminate, mem-
branous ; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers 2-4 in a series, white, axillary ; pedfcels 4-1 in.
downy. — The specimen in Herb. Wight, is the only one known. It differs from C. hor-
rida in the thorns and small white liowers. The original ticket bears the manuscript
name ferrufjinea of Klein, corrected by himself to acuminata, W illd., no doubt from
corresponding specimens sent to Europe ; the locality is unknown.
24. C olacifolla, //./. dc T. ; young branches brown-pubescent, thorns
straight or slightly curved, leaves glabrous ovate-lanceolate taper-pointed,
tip acute obtuse or mucronate, flowers large, buds ovoid glabrous, sepals
oblong ciliate, ovary pubescent. 0. acuminata. Wall. Cat. 6990 A^ B {not
C, nor of Willd.). Capparis, 1149, Grifi". Itin. Notes, 199.
Tropical Himalayan valleys, from Nipal, Wallich, to Assam, Griffith, &c.
An erect shrub, 6-8 ft. ; branches long, leafy, old glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by l-2i in.,
base rounded or subacute, shining above, midrib of young puberulous. Flowers 14 in.
diam., (white, anthers blue) 2-3 in a series, axillary ; buds acute, glabrous or puberulous.
Sepals margined. Petals narrowly obovate-oblong, pubescent. Iruit | in. diam., globose,
sharply beaked, black, smooth, shining.
Cajyjmris.] xi. capparide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 179
25. C. sabifiBfolia, ff. /. (^ T. ; branches glabrous, thorns 0, leaves
glabrous oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed, pedicels 1-2 supra-axillary.
Khasia hills, alt. 4-6000 ft., H.f. & T.
A shrub; branches slender. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 4 in., base acute. Pedicels about
4 in., slender, flowers unknown. Fruit pisiform, l-2-8eeded.
26. C. vimlnea, H.f. dh T. ; branches glabrous, thorns or small coni-
cal curved, leaves glabrous abruptly taper-pointed acute or obtuse, sepals
ovate margins tomentose, petals oblong tomentose outside.
Tropical valleys of Sikkim, Bhotan, Assam, and Tenasserim.
An erect shrub ; branches long, slender. Leaves 24-4^ by 1-2 in., thin ; petiole \ in.
Flowers 1 in. diam. ; white, 2-5 in a series, axillary, pedicels ^-l in. Fruit 4 in.
diam., globose, purple, glabrous, several-seeded.
27. C tenera, Dalz. in Hook. KewJourn. Bot. ii. 14 ; branches glabrous,
thorns hooked, leaves glabrous ovate obovate or oblong acute or abruptly
acuminate, flowers small, sepals ovate, margins tomentose, petals tomentose
outside.
From Assam to Birma and Tenassbrim; Canara, Concan and Ceylon (Kandy,
Tliwaites).
k woody climber, branches slender. Leaves l|-3 by %-\\ in., young very thin.
Flowers |-4 in. diam., 1-3 in a series, axillary ; pedicels |-1 4 in., slender, glabrous.
Fruit pisiform, few-seeded. The following vars. all pass one into another.
Var. 1. DalztlUi; leaves ovate- lanceolate very membranous, flowers often solitary. —
C. tenera, Dalz. I.e.
Var. 2. zeylanica ; leaves ovate, old firm and coriaceous, flowers 2-3 in a series. —
C. uncinata, Wall. Cat. 6998. C. tetrasperma, Thwaites Enum. 15.
Var. 3. latifolia; leaves obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate, old coriaceous, flowers
4-6 in a series. — C. oxyphylla. Wall. Cat. 6997 {not of Miguel).
28. C. Pinlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 6992 B {not A) ; branches glabrous,
thorns very small nearly straight, leaves glabrous broad lanceolate obscurely
reticulate above, sepals lanceolate acute glabrous.
SINGAPORE, Wallich, &c. — DisTRiB. Sumatra, Borneo.
An erect? glabrous shrub. Leaves 6-8 by 1^-3 in. ; coriaceous, smooth, shining,
pale and yellow when dry below. Flowers (buds only) on the young branches supra-
axillary, solitary or 2 in a series, appearing racemed when the leaves fall away ; pedi-
cels 4-| in. slender. i'Vttii (immature) ovoid-oblong, glabrous, ribbed, long-pedicelled. —
Flowers of Bornean specimens rose-coloured. Buds and flowers larger than in 0. micra-
cdntha and leaves not evidently cordate at base.
29. C. micracantlia, DC Prodr. i. 247 ; branches glabrous, thorns very
small conic straight, leaves oblong or broad-lanceolate shining and very
reticulate above, sepals oblong acute ciliate. Blume Bijd. 52 ; Miq. Ft. Ned.
Ind. i. pt. 2, 99. C. callosa, Blume I.e. 53. C. conspicua and C. Finlay-
soniana. Wall. Cat. 6991 and 6992 A {not B).
Pegu, Tenasserim, Wallich, &c.— Distrib. Siam., Java, Timor, Philippines.
A large shrub or small tree; bark smooth. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 in-> coriaceous,
lower obtuse at both ends, upper narrowed towards the rounded or subcordate base,
tip acute callous, pale beneath ; petiole ^-4 in. Flowers I4 in. diam., 2-4 in a series,
supra-axillary ; pedicels 4 in. or less. Petals 1 in., oblong. Ovary glabrous. Fruit
2-3 in., ovoid or subglobose, smooth.
Inflorescence unknown.
30. C. flavicans, Wall. Cat. 7003 ; branches tomentose, thorns 0, leaves
glabrous oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or retuse and mucronate 3-5 pli-
nerved, fruit solitary.
n2
180 XI. CAPPARIDEJE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Capparh.
BiRMA, at Genanghuen and Selainmew, WaUich.
Shrubby, branches spreading, tomentum appressed. Leaves 1|-14 by f-1 in., base
rounded or subcordate ; midrib with 2 oblique veins from about the middle ; petiole
J in., pubescent. Fruit 1 in., subglobose, tomentose, many-seeded ; stalk as long.
31. C. s'l^'Uca, Wall. Cat. 7005 ; branches hoary-pubescent, thorns re-
curved, leaves glabrous narrow obovate-oblong obtuse or retuse penni-
nerved.
BiRMAJ common near Pagodas at Pegamew, WaUich.
A shrub; branches rigid, spreading. Leaves 1^-1 1 by J-| in., coriaceous, tapering
to the acute base, pale and glaucous beneath ; petiole | in., pubescent. Floicers pro-
bably umbelled, on stout axillary peduncles about 4 in. long. Fruit pisiform, glabrous,
1-2-Beeded ; stalk 4 in- i gynophore very short.
C. VARIABILIS, Wall. Cat. 7004, without flower or fruit, is indeterminable and not a
Capparis.
C. MOLLiuscuLA, Wall. Cat. 7006, is a Cansjera.
An undescribed Sikkim species allied to (J. Jloribunda, is figured amongst the
Cathcart drawings (in Kew Library), with flowers I4 in. diara., many stamens, and a
longer gynophore.
8. ROVDSZA, Roxb.
Large unarmed woody climbers, branches spotted white. Leaves simple.
Flowers yellow, racemed or panicled. Calyx 6-partite, segments 2-seriate,
tips a little imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens indefinite, inserted above the
base of the short cylindric gynophore. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled from the pro-
longation of the placentas; style 3, subulate, stigmas small terminal;
ovules many, 2-seriate in the angles of the cells. Fruit fleshy, with a woody
3-valved 1-celled endocarp, 1-seeded. Seed erect, cotyledons fleshy, un-
equal, longitudinally folded, the larger embracing the smaller. — Distrib.
fcjpecies 3, tropical Asiatic.
1. B. suaveolens, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 289 ; Fl. hid. ii. 643 ; leaves
oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or abruptly acuminate, endocarp of fruit
smooth. Wall. Cat. 4200 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 678.
Tropical forests of Sikkim, H.f., and Bhotan, Griffith; Khasia hili^, Roxburgh, &c.
Branche.^ glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leavts 6-12 by 2-5 in., glabrous, coria-
ceous, bright green above, pale below ; petiole §-1 in. Flowers § in. diam., pale yellow,
fiweet-scented, in long simple axillary or panicled tei-minal racemes ; buds tomentose ;
bracts small, subulate, eqr.alling the short pedicels. Drupe 1^ in., ovoid, scurfy,
orange-coloured ; pulp yellow ; stalk short stout.
2. B. obtusifolia, //./. <.{; T. ; leaves oblong obtuse at both ends, endo-
carp of fruit triquetrous muricate with long soft prickles.
Rangoon, M' CUiland.
Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., thickly coriaceous ; petiole § in. Ha-
cemes in terminal panicles ; flowers unknown. Drupe 2 in., oblong, scurfy ; stalk short,
stout.
E. PARViFLORA, Griff. Notul. iv. 578 ; Jc. PI. Ind. Or. t. 606, f. 6, belongs to TiliacecB.
Order XII. RESEDACE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Herbs rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatisect ; stipules 0,
or minute and glandular. Flowers small, spiked or racemed, bracteate.
XII. RESEDACE^. (Hook. f. & Thonis.) 181
Calyx persistent, 4-7-partite, often irregular ; sepals imbricate in bud. PekUs
2-7, hypogynous, entire or lobed, equal or the posticous larger, open in
bud. Disk conspicuous, hypogynous (0 in Oligomeris). Stameris usually
many, seated on the disk, free or connate, equal or unequal. Ovary 1 -celled,
of 2-6 connate carpels, often lobed at the top and open between the lobes
which bear the sessile stigm^ ; ovules on 2-6 parietal placentas, amphi-
tropous or campylotropous. Fruit capsular (a berry in Qchradenus)^ open
at the top. Seeds many, renifor^fi, albumen ; embryo curved or folded,
cotyledons incumbent.— Distrib. Europe, N. A«ia, N. and S. Africa ; genera
6 ; species 20.
Petals 4-7, lobed ; ovary syncarpous 1. Reseda.
Petals 2 ; ovary syncarpous 2, Oligomeris.
Petals ; ovary syncarpous ; fruit a berry 3. Ochhadenus.
1. RESEDA, Linn.
Herbs. Leaves entire, lobed, or pinnatifid ; stipules glandular. Calyx
4-7-partitft. Petals 4r-l, clawed, unequal, multifid, posticous one with a
membrane above the claw. Disk broad, dilated posticously. Stamens 10-40.
Ovary sessile or stalked ; placentas 3. Capsule many-sided, open at the top.
— DiSTHiB. Species 26, IS". Africa, W. Asia.
The European R. luteola is found in AiFghanistan, and E. odorata (mignonette),
{R. nilgherrensis, J. Mull. Monog. Resed. 131), is commonly cultivated.
1. XI. pruinosa, Delile Fl. JSgypt. 152 ; papillose, lower leaves lanceo-
late, upper 3-5-partite, flowers very small subsessile, bracts minute. R.
bracteata, Poiss. Fl. Orient. 433 ; J. Mull. Monog. 154.
Hills in the Western Punjab, VicarT/, &c. — Distrib. Eastward to Egypt.
An erect perennial, l-l^ ft. Leaves 1-2 in., upper with linear segments. Racemes
terminal, 6-9 in., dense ; bracts subulate, deciduous. Capsules oblong or ovoid, short,
widely gaping.
2. R. Aucheri, Poiss. Fl. Orient, i. 434 ; glabrous or slightly papillose,
leaves obovate-spathulate acute or obtuse, flowers small, bracts linear-
lanceolate. J. Mull. Monog. 146.
SiNDH, Stocks. — Distrib. Eastwards to Persia.
A-branched perennial, 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-2 in., tapering into a long petiole. Racemes
terminal, dense ; flowers yellowish. Capsules as in R. pruinosa.
2. OZiIGOiyEERIS, Cambess.
Herbs. Leaves linear, fascicled. Flowers small, spiked. Calyx 4-pai*tite.
Petals 2, free or connate. Disk 0. Stamens 3-8, free or monadelphous.
Ovary 4-lobed, top open, placentas 4 ; ovules many, Cajmde subglobose,
angled, 4-pointed.— Distkib. Species 4 ; 3 S. African, and the following.
1. O. g'laucescens, Gamhess. in Jacq. Toy. Pot. 23, t. 25; leaves narrow-
linear, stipules minute subulate, spike dense-flowered, flowers minute, cap-
sule deeply 4-lobed. O. dispersa ^, J. Mull. Monog. 215. Reseda oligandra,
Edgew. in J own. As. Soc. Calc. vii. 764, and Hook. Lmid. Journ. Pot. ii. 203.
SiNDH, and Punjab, from the Jumna eastward, common ; rare in the Concan hills. —
Distrib. Westward to Spain and the Canaries.
An annual, erect, glaucous, much branched herb, 6-12 in. ; branches erect. Leaves
1-2 in. Spikes terminal, flowers greenish-white. Capsule very small, membranous.
Seeds minute, shining.
182 XII. RESEDACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ochradenus.
3. OCKRADSNUS, Delile.
Much branched shnibs ; branches slender. , Leaves small, linear. Flowers
sfnked or racemed, often p(Jygamous. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 0. Disk
unilateral. IStamens 10-20, inserted within' the disk. Ovary ovoid, closed
at the top, 3-beaked ; ovules many, on 3 placentas. Berry many-seeded. —
DisTRiB. Species 2, a Spanish and the following.
1. O. baccatus, DelUe Fl. ^g. 16, t. 31, f. 1 ; leaves fleshy scattered
lin ear-spat hulate, racemes terminal, flowers minute. J. Mull. Monog. 94 ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 422 ; Griff. It. Notes, 228, No. 208.
SiNDH, Vicary, &c. — Distrib. Westwards to Syria and Egypt.
Shrubby, 6-12 ft.; branches glabrous, leafless when old. Leaves ^-1h in.; stipules
minute or 0. Jiacemes ri^d ; flowers yellowish, 1-2-sexual. /Stamens 10-12. Berry
small, white. Seeds few, large.
Order XIII. VIOLACEiE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatisect, stipulate.
Flowers regular or irregular, 2-bracteolate. Sejxils 5, persistent, equal or
unequal, imbricate in bud. Fetals 5, hypogynous, equal or unequal, imbri-
cate or contorted in bud. Stamens 5, filaments short, broad ; anthers free
or connate, connective broad, produced beyond the cells. Ovavy sessile,
1-celled ; style simple, stigma capitate truncate or cupular entire or lobed ;
ovules many, on 3 parietal placentas, anatropous. Fruit a 3-valved capsule,
rarely a berry. Seei/s small, albumen flesiiy ; embryo straight, cotyledons
flat. — Distrib. Genera 21, species 240; natives of temp, and trop. regions.
Tribe I. Vloleee. Corolla irregular ; lower petal dissimilar. Stami-
nodes 0. Cajiside loculicidaL
Sepals produced at the base 1. Viola.
Sepals not produced at the base 2. Ionidium.
Tribe TI. Alsodeleee. Corolla regular. Staminodes 0. Fruit a berry
or loculicidal capsule.
3. Alsodeia.
1. VIOZiA, Linn.
Herbs, rarely shrubby below. Flowers, on 1-, rarely 2-flowered peduncles,
often dimorphic, some large petalled which ripen few seeds, others small
petalled or apetalous and very prolific. Sepals produced at the base. Petals
erect or spreading, lower largest, spurred or saccate at the base. Anthers
connate, connectives of two lower often spurred at the basa Style clavate
or truncate, tip straight or oblique, stigma obtuse lobed or cupular. Cap-
side 3-valved. Seeds ovoid or globose.— Distrib. Species about 100, all
temp, regions.
The Pansy or Heartsease {Viola tricolor) occurs occasionally in India, as an escape
from cultivation.
* Stigma obliquely 2-lobed, not beaked ; lobes short, spreading.
1. V. biflora, Z. ; glabrous or pubescent, leaves reniforu}, stipules
ovate or oblong, flowers yellow^ sepals linear-obtuse, spur very short. V.
Viola.] XIII. vioLACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 183
Wallichiana, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 300. V. reniformis, WaU. Cat. 1443 ;
Royle III. 74, t. 18, f. 2 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. WaU. ii. 457.
Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6-11,000 ft. — Distrib. N. Asia,
Caucasus, Europe.
Rootstock slender. Stem 3r-12 in., erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-2 in. diam.,
crenate, cauline 2-3.
** Stigma terminal, truncate, dilated depressed orbicular or lobed.
2. V. Fatri-iii, DC. Prodr. i. 293 ; glabrous or pubescent, stemless,
without stolons, leaves triangular ovate oblong or linear-crenate or serrate,
base hastate cordate or cuneate, stipules linear adnate, flowers lilac, sepals
lanceolate, spur saccate. Wall. Gat. 1445. Y. prirnulifolia, Linri. in part ;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 650. V. grandifolia and V. mysorensis, Wall. Cat. 1446,
1447. V. chinensis and V. csespitosa, Don Prodr. 205. V. nilagirica,
Tare, in Bull. Mosc.^ xxxvi. 536. V. Walkerii, Wt. Ill i. 42, t. 18. V. Pa-
trinii var. nepaulensis, DC. I.e.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. from Kashmir to Bhotan ; Western Tibet ;
Khasia hills ; hills of the Western Peninsula, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Affghanistan,
N. Asia, Japan, Mid. Kussia.
Very variable. Rootstock woody. Leaves very variable, largest 3-4 by 1-2 in., nar-
rowest 3-4 by ^-1 in. ; petiole 2-4 in., often winged. Stipules entire. Flowers ^-^ in.
diam. Style nearly straight, slender ; stigma 3-lobed, margined. Capsule straight,
J-4 in. ; valves narrow, acute.
3. V. diffusa, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 298 ; softly hairy, stemless, sto-
loniferous, leaves elliptic-ovate obtuse crenate base cuneate rarely cordate,
stipules free narrow toothed, sepals subacute, spur globose. Wall. Cat.
1444. Y. tenuis, Bentk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. '482.
Subtropical Himalaya from Nipal to Mishmi, in fields, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Khasia
Mts. — Distrib. China.
Perennial. Leaves tufted, \-\ in., pale green ; petiole broadly winged, rarely^
equalling the blade. Stolons short, ^metimes floriferous. Flowers pale-purple. Style
slender, narrowed-downwards from the 2-lobed margined obscurely- beaked stigma.
4. V, Kopkeri, T. Thorns. ; glabrous or young parts pilose, stem and
stolons short, leaves orbicular-reniform broadly crenate, petiole not
winged, stipules narrow free toothed or lacerate, sepals obtuse or acute,
spur saccate.
Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, alt. 6-7000 ii., Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 8-11,000 ft, ^
H.f.
Rootstock slender. Leaves |-14 in., rather fleshy, crenatures very broad and shallow;
petiole 1-3 in., slender. Flowers white or very pale blue, small. Style slender, narrowed
downwards from the 3-lobed obscurely beaked stigma. Capsules small. — Perhaps two
species are mixed here, and if so they occur in both the Sikkim and Bhotan collections ;
one is small, very hairy when young, with more reniform leaves and shorter obtuse
sepals ; the other is larger, almost wholly glabrous, with more ovate minutely gland-
dotted leaves having rounded sometimes overlapping basal auricles, and acute sepals ;
of this latter some of Griffith's specimens are marked as from East Bengal (Khasia
hills), but through an obvious transposition of tickets.
5. V. distans, Wall. Cat. 4022, and in Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calc.
vii. 227 ; glabrous or nearly so, stolons or stems usually long leafy and
flowering, leaves ovate- or deltoid-cordate usually acute crenate-serrate, sti-
pules entire or fimbriate, sepals acute, spur saccate, capsule linear- oblong
184 XIII. vioLACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) . [Viola,
many-seeded. V. Wightiana var, glabra, Thwaites Enum. 20. V. Noto-
niana, Wall. Cat. 1449. V. Metziana, Holien. PL Exsicc. No. 1501.
Temperate Himalaya, from Nipal to Bhotan, alt. 5-10,000 ft. ; Khasia hills,
alt. 4-6000 ft. PuLNEY and Nilghiri Mts. ; Ceylon, alt. 6-7000 ft.— Distrib. Java ?
Rootstock slender or stout. IStems 1-14 in., usually long and trailing. Leaves
I-I4 in., very variable, sinus broad or narrow, shallow or d6ep ; petals not winged.
Flowers ^-\ in, diam , pale lilac or blue. iStyle slender, narrowed downwards from the
obscurely .3-lobed f-tigma. Capsule ^-4 in., valves acute. — It is very difficult to distin-
guish this from V, serpens, by leaf or flower, and the characters of the stigma and fruit
are probably sexual ; some of the synonyms quoted under each may apply to the
other.
Var. 1. distans proper ; stipules nearly entire. V. serpens, Wall. Cat. 1441 [not
■ — - - - maris, Buck in DC. Prodr. i. 298, Don Prodr. 205.— Nipal,
of Fl. hid.). ? V. pal
Khasia hills.
Var. 2. jimhriata; stipules lacerate or fimbriate. — Sikkim.
Var. 3. acaulis; stemless, stipules fimbriate. — Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft.
*** Stigma very oblique or quite lateral, often minute and perforated.
6. V. serpens, Wnll. in Roxh. FL Ind. Ed. WalL ii. 449 {not ofCat.),and
in DC. Prodr. i. t\)i\ ; hirsute or glabrous, stolons or stems usually long leafy
and How eiing, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse or acute crenate-serrate, stipules
toothed or fimbriate, spur saccate, sepals acute, capsufes globose few-seeded.
Royle III. 74, t. 18, f. 1 ; W. <.i; A. Prodr. 32. V. Wightiana var. pubescens,
Thwaites Enum. 20. V. pilosii, Bliime Bijd. 57.
Moist woods, &c., throughout the Temperate Himalaya, Khasia hills, Pulney
and NiLOHiRi Mts., and Ceylon, alt.. 5-7000 ft. ?Moulmein, Parish. — Distrib. Java,
China.
Leaves 1-2 in., sinus open or closed, shallow or deep. Flowers from the main stem
^-4 in. diam. ; those from the axils of the cauline leavefi small or minute. Capmles
often pubescent. — As variable in habit and foliage as V. distans, frojn which the stigma
^ alone distinguishes the glabrous forms when these are not in fruit, and we suspect that
these differences are sexual, the stigmas of the gmaller fertile flowers appearing to be
more truncate than those of the large flowers. The N.W. India specimens are shorter-
stemmed than those from raoister districts. V. Orijithiana, Boiss., of Affghanistan,
differs in the more cylindric spur and swollen style above with rounded top, and in
the more evident beak. V. hirta, L., diflers chiefly in the latter character and obtuse
sepals. ,
Var. 1, glabra; glabrous and very stoloniferous. ? V. Hamiltoniana, Don Prodr.
206.
Var. 2. caneseens, Wall. Cat. 1442 {sp.), and in Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 450;
often stemless, hoary or pubescent. V. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4021. V. Koyleana,
Wall. Cat. 1448. V. Griffithiana, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 456.
Vai{. 3. coiifvm, Bcnth. FL Bongk. 20 (sp.) ; stemless or nearly so, stolons 0.
V. W'ightiima, Wt. Ic. t. 943. V. aspera, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 295.
7. V. qdorata, L. ; glabrate or pubescent, stemO, stolons slender, leaves
tufted broadly ovate cordate obtuse crenate, stipules entire or toothed,
sepals very obtuse, spur nearly straight short subcylindric, style inflated
above, stigma decurved. Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 458. (ISweet Violet.)
Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Falconer, T. T..— Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W,
Asia.
Eootstock stout. Stem^ very short or 0. Leaves {\n the Kashmir plant) ^-1 in.
diam., tip rounded, nearly glabrous ; stipules subulate-lanceolate. iSepals rounded at
the tip.
Viola.] XIII. viOLACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 185
8. V. canina, var. syhatica, Fries, (sp.) ; rootstock short or 0, flowering
stems from a short central axis, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse crenate-serrate,
stipules leafy fimbriate, sepals acute or acuminate, spur straight or hooked,
style of V. odorata. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 459.
Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 4-8000 ft., /ac^wemow^, &c. — Distrib. N. Asia, and
westward to the Atlantic.
Best distinguished from V. odorata by the acute or acuminate sepals.
9. V. Falconer!, //./. <k T. ; stem or very short, stolons or branches
stout erect 6-10 in., leaves large ovate-cordate very broadly crenate and
very large foliaceous toothed stipules densely covered with black glands,
flowers I in. diam., sepals subulate-lanceolate, spur saccate, anther-spurs
exceeding the cells.
Kashmir, Falconer.
_ A very remarkable species, resembling V. acuminata, Led. (a form of canina), of
Siberia and Manchuria, but with much larger flowers and gland-dotted leaves.
10. V. kunawarensis, Royle III. 75, t. 18, f. 3 ; small, glabrous, stem-
less, stolons 0, leaves tufted oblong obtuse subentire base cuneate, sepals
short tips rounded, spur short obtuse, style clavate, stigma subhorizontal
hardly beaked.
Western Tibet and Tibetan Himalaya, from Kumaon to Balti, alt. 11-15,500 ft. —
Distrib. AfFghanistan.
Bootstalk slender, woody, much branched. Leaves tufted, ^-f in., tapering into the
slender petiole, pale green. Flowers {-^ in. diam., purple. Capsules elliptic, acute.
11. V. cinerea, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 454; small, glabrous, stems short
diff'use bra'nched, leaves elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acute obscurely crenate,
base acute, stipules leafy fimbriate, flowers small axillary, sepals lanceolate
aristate, spur very short, style clavate compressed, stigma lateral of 2 oblong
parallel disks.
Dry hilly region of the Punjab and Sindh, common. — Distrib. AfFghanistan, Persia,
Arabia.
Slightly powdery. Stems 1-6 in. Leaves ^-^ in., apiculate, petioles as long.
Peduncles slender, bracts subulate. Flowers { in. diam. Capsvles \-\ in., elliptic, acute.
V. apetala, Roxh. f Wall. Cat. 1440, resemlilos an apetalous form qI ^. Patrinii.
V. DUBiA, Wall. Cat. 1450, is probably a lorm of V. str})tns.
2. ZONXDZUm, Ventenat.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. Flmoers axil-
lary, orange or purple. Sepals 5, subequal, not produced at the base. Petals
5, lower larger, clawed, saccate or spurred at the base. Ant/iers connate or
free, 2 or 4 of them gibbous or spurred at the back. Ova7y ovoid ; style
clavate, incurved, stigma oblique. Capsule 3-valved, subglobose, few-
seeded. Seeds globose, testa crustaceous. — Disteib. Species about 40, chiefly
tropical American.
1. Z. sufiruticosum, Ging.in DC. Prodr.'i.^W -, glabrous or pubes-
cent, leaves linear or lanceolate serrate-toothed, flowers solitary. Wall.
Cat. 1439 ', W.(h A. Prodr. 32 ; Wight III. t. 19 ; Ic. t. 308. I. enneasper-
mum, i>a; Wall. Cat. 1438; W. d^ A. Frodr. 33. I. Wightianum, Wall.
Cat. 4020. I. leptorhizum, JDC; W. d A. I.e. I. heterophyllum and erec-
tum, DC. I.e. 308, 311. I. hexaspermum, I)alz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 342 ;
Bomb. Fl. 12. Viola suff'ruticosa and enneasperma, Roxh. Fl. Ind, i, 649 i
Ed. Wall. ii. 417. V. frutescens and erecta, Moth, Nov, iSp. 168,
186 XIII. vioLACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [lonidiufn^
Abundant from Bundelkund and Agra, to Bengal and Ceylon. — Distrib, Tropica'
Asia, Africa, and Australia.
Very variable, 6-12 in., perennial ; branches diffuse, woody. Leaves 1^-2 by ^^-^ in.,
subsessile ; stipules subulate, gland-tipped. Flowers red ; pedicels shorter than the
leaves. Petals variable, 4 oblong acute or mucronate, the 5th with a long claw, and
large oval or orbicular limb. Seeds striate.
2. Z. ramosissimum, Thwaites Enum. 21 ; leaves closely imbricate
narrow-linear quite entire glaucous, flowers solitary.
Ceylon, banks of the Mahawelliganga at Havagam, Thwaites.
Shrubby, suberect, 6-8 in., branches siiberect. Leaves 1-1 <^ in., mucronate, veiuless,
margins recurved. Flowers as in /. suffruticosum,
3. AZ.SODSZA, Thouars.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate (rarely opposite), distichous ; secondary
nerves often numerous and parallel. IStipules rigid. Flowei^s small, axil-
lary or terminal, solitary fascicled cymose or racemose, regular ; peduncles
with many bracts. Sepals 5, subequal, rigid. Petals 5, subequal, sessile.
Stamens 5, inserted inside or on an annular disk ; connective produced into
a long or short often broad membran(3us appendage. Ovary ovoid ; style
straight, stigma terminal ; ovules few or many. Cajmde 3-valved, few-
seeded. Seeds glabrous in the E. lud. species. — Distrib. Species about 40,
chiefly tropical American.
Sect. I. Doryctandra, Hassk. (Gen.). Stamens exserted, filaments
slender ; anthers cohering in a cone.
1. A. Roxburg-hii, Wall. Ca^. 7189 (Pentaloba?) ; branchlets pubes-
cent on one side, leaves glabrous small elliptic or cuneate lanceolate obtuse
subcrenate perforate at the nerve axils beneath, flowers fascicled glabrous.
Am. in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii. 343. Vareca heteroclita, lioxb. Fl. Ind, i. 648.
Doryctandra Roxburghii, Hassk. in Retzia. i. 126.
Oude, Gevl. Martin; Silhet, Wallich; Andamans, Kurz.
A small *6hrub ; branchlets compressed. Leaves 1-1 4 by 4-| i^-i sessile, pale be-
neath, nervflb few, venules obsolete. Stipules | in., subulate from a broad base.
Flowers subsessile, ^V ^^- Jiam., white. Sepals unequal, obtuse. Petals linear, tips
revolute. Disk 10-toothed. Filaments glabrous; anthers white, narrow-linear, almost
as long as the filaments, base of cells tomentose ; appendage oblong, obtuse. Ovary
glabrous ; style filiform, pubescent. Capsule 1, few-seeded.
Sect. II. Stamens included ; anthers free. Disk cupular.
* Ovary and style glabrous.
2. A. beng-alensis, Wall, in Trans. Med. and Phys. Soc. Calc. vii. 224 ;
glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate serrulate, nerve-axils beneath beai-ded,
stipules slender, flowers fascicled, filaments very short, tip of connective
short broad. Pentaloba? bengalensis, Wall. Cat. 4896; Am. in Mag. Zool.
and Bot. ii. 542.
Silhet, Wallich, Griffith ; Andamans, Kurz.
A shrub or small tree ? Leaves 3-5 by l;|-2^ in., shining, tip obtuse ; petiole ^ in.
Stipides 4 in., narrow lanceolate. Peduncles |-^ in., 1-flowered, glabrous or pube-
rulous ; bracts minute, basal, ovate, subacute. Flowers J in. diam., glabrous. Sepals
broad, ovate, ^ the length of the oblong-ovate petals. Disk thick, 5-lobed. Anthers
glabrous, oblong. Capsvle ^ in., quite glabrous, 3-4-8eeded.
Alsodeia.] xiii. violace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 187
3. A. zeylanlca, Thwaites Enum, 21; branchlets pubenilous, leaves
elliptic-lanceolate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath bearded, stipules
broad-subulate, flowers fascicled, filaments' very short, tip of connective
short broad. Pentaloba zeylanica, Am. in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii. 543.
Malabar, Herb. Wight. ; Cochin, Johnstone ; Ceylon, in the Katnapoora district,
Gardner, &c.
Very closely allied to A. hengalensis and perhaps a variety of it, but the branchlets
are puberulous, the stipules broader, the leaves more obscurely serrulate, the flowers on
shorter pedicels, that are crowded on stout peduncles, and the petals are more linear.—
A. obtusa, Korth., and A. Brownii, Korth., come very near to this and A. bengalensis.
4. A. Wallichiana, H.f. <k T. ; quite glabrous, leaves petioled large
linear- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils
beneath not bearded, flowers 2-3 together axillary peduncled quite glabrous.
Pentaloba macrophylla. Wall. Cat. 4024.
Penang, Porter.
Branches stout. Leaves 7-12 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, shining, yellow when dry ; nerves
strong, many, arching ; petiole stout, ^-f in. Stipules 4-|in., linear-lanceolate, glabrous.
Peduncles ^-2^ in., usually 2 together, glabrous, with many small ovate-subulate basal
bracts and bracteoles. Flowers \ in. diam , erect. Sepals ovate, acute, very rigid,
glabrous. Petals ovate-oblong, rigid, twice as long as the sepals. Disk cupular, mem-
branous, entire or obscurely 5-lobed. Filaments subulate, flattened, dilated below,
adnate to the disk; anthers oblong, cells gibbous at the outer base, tip of connective
suborbicular broader than the cells. Ovary globose ; style glabrous, short, stigma
truncate 3-lobed ; ovules 6. Capsule ^ in. , glabrous.
5. A. racexnosa, IT./. <^ T. ; glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate
acuminate serrulate, nerve-axils beneath not bearded, petiole puberulous,
flowers in erect axillary racemes, filaments subulate.
Assam, Herb. Griffith.
Branches strict, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1J-1| in., rather oblique, membranous, base
subacute; nerves slender, arching; petiole | in., slender. Stipules -^^ in., ovate, acumi-
nate. Racemes 2-3 in., simple, erect, strict, stout, flowering throughout their length;
bracteate and 2 bracteolate at the base of each short pedicel; bracts like the stipules,
persistent, bracteoles minute. Flowers horizontal, | in. diam. Sepals ovate, sub-
ciliate. Petals twice as long, oblong, obtuse. Filaments subulate, connate at the base
with the disk into a cup, glabrous ; anthers ovate, tip of connective broad, subacute, cells
hairy at the base. Ovary 6-ovuled.
** Ovary and style pubescent or tomentose.
t Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
6 A. Griffithii, //./. t& T. ; branchlets and petioles puberulous, leaves
elliptic-oblong acuminate serrulate glabrous, nerve-axils beneath bearded,
flowers fascicled on short branched peduncles, filaments very short, tip oi
connective broad orbicular.
BiRMA, near the Serpentine mines in the Hookoom valley, Griffith.
Branches stout. Leaves 8-10 by 3-4 in., shining above, midrib beneath with a few
short hairs or glabrous; petiole ^ in., stout. Stipules | in., oblong-lanceolate, hard,
pubescent. Peduncles clustered, very stout. Flowers crowded, ^ in. diam., pubescent.
Sepals broadly ovate, half as long as the petals. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Flaments very
short ; anthers with a short spur at the outer base of each cell, and a very large orbi-
cular membranous ciliolate tip to the connective, which is broader than the anther.
Ovary and style hairy. — This resembles a Philippine Island species (Cuming, n. 1074)
which has glabrous flowers, also the A. macrophylla^ Don (of Timor) which has an
acuminate tip to the connective.
188 XIII. viOLACEiE. . (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Alsodeia.
7. A. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 4023 (Pentaloba) ; glabrous, leaves narrow-
lanceolate acuminate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath unbearded,
flowers in short cymes pubescent, filaments longer than the anthers, tip of
connective subulate. Vareca lanceolata, Hoxb. Ft. hid. i. 648.
Penang, Jack., Porter, &c.
An erect shrub. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in., smooth and shining on both surfaces, sub-
sessile, base narrowed. /Stipules \ in., subulate from a broad base, or lanceolate, gla-
brous. Flowers pale yellow, shortly pedicelled. /Sejyals ovate^-obtuse. Petals twice
as long, linear-lanceolate, subacute. Filaments glabrous, adnate to the 5-lobed disk;
anthers ovate, contracted into the acuminate tip of the connective. Ovary and style
densely villous. Capsule 4 in., pubescent or glabrate, several-seeded.
8. A. BXaing'ayi, //. /. <i: T. ; glabrous, leaves subsessile elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate or obovate-oblong shortly acuminate serrulate, nerves
strong, axils beneath not bearded, flowers in peduncled axillary cymes
crowded pubescent, sepals oblong, stamens tomentose.
Malacca, Griffith, Main^ny.
A tree? Leaves very variable in size and shape, the longest narrow-lanceolate, 10
by 2 in. ; the broadest 5. by 3 in., shortly oblong tending to become obovate, often some-
what oblique, base rounded or acuminate, young pilose ; nerves many, strong, arching
and inosculating within the margin. Stipules \ in., subulate-lanceolate. Cymes with
stout glabrous peduncles 4-1 in- long, dichotoiuously branched. Flowers ^ in. diam.,
sessile or pedicelled. Sepals broadly oblong, ciliolate. Petals rather longer, obtuse,
bearded down the centre on both surfaces. Filaments adnate to the cup-shaped 10-lobed
disk, broad, stout, tomentofee within ; anthers small, ovoid, connective pubescent, with
a glabrous short obtuse membranous tip.
tt BrancMets and leaves tomentose.
9. A. mollis, //./. & T. ; softly tomentose, leaves obovate- or oblong-
lanceolate acuminate obscurely toothed, flowers in dense axillary tomentose
cymes, outer sepals large orbicular, filaments pubescent above.
Tenassekim, Griffith, Heifer.
A shrub, branches and leaves thickly tomentose beneath with short spreading hairs.
Leaves 6-10 by 2-24 '"•» «cute or acuminate, often oblique, membranous, pubescent
above with a tomentose midrib ; petiole ^ in. Stipules \- 1 in., subulate-Iam-eolate,
pilose. Cymes peduncled or subsessile. Flowers ^ in. diam., subsessile, crowded,
ochreous. Sepals very unequal, inner oblong. Petals narrow, erect, rigid, with revo-
lute tips, hairy upwards. Filaments inserted on the cupular 10-15-lobed disk; anthers
shorter, ovate, narrowed into the short acute tip ol the connective. Ovary 6-ovuled.
Ca2)sule 4 in., densely pubescent. — Very near A. dusycaula, Miquel, of Sumatra, but
much more densely tomentose.
10. A. echinocarpa, Kortlials. in Ned. Kruidh. Arch. i. 359 ; densely
tomentose, leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate long acuminate usually
coarsely toothed, flowers in densely tomentose axillary cymes, outer sepals
oblong, capsules thickly clothed with felted brown-tomentose branched
fibres. Miqivel Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 116. Medusa auguifera, Lour. Fl.
Cock. 406.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Cochin-China.
Very similar to ^-1. mollis in foliage, stipules, and structure of the flowers, disk, sta-
mens and ovary, but the leaves are shorter-petioled and usuully more deeply toothed,
the cymes shorter, the sepals all oblong, filaments glabrous, and the fruits form spherical
balls 1 -2 in. diam. of matted bi'anched filaments which arise from the capsule, whose
valves are | in. long, Seeds few, large.
Alsodeia,] xiii. vioLACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 189
Sect. III. Scyphellandra, Thwaites (Gen.). Stamens included; an-
thers free. Disk reduced to 5 scales, one at the back of each anther.
11. A. virgrata, Thwaites (Scyphellandra) ; twigs pubescent with curled
hairs, leaves small petioled ovate or oblong toothed glabrous obtuse at
both ends.
Hot dry parts of Ces-lon, Thwaites.
A small shrub. Leaves very variable, J-lJin. ; petiole pubescent. Stipules minute,
lanceolate. Flowers subsolitary, axillary, peduncled or subsessile, ^ in, diam., whitish.
Petals sessile, linear-oblon£?, twice as long as the broadly ovate obtuse ciliolate sepals.
Anthers subsessile, tip of the connective petaloid, much exceeding the cells, ovate, sub-
acute. Ovary small glabrous ; style slender, stigma minutely 8-lobed ; ovules one on
each placenta. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds subglobose.
Order XIV. BIXINEiE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate ; stipules minute or 0. Inflorescence
various. Flowers regular, 1-2-sexual. Sepals 4-5, rarely 2-6, imbricate,
free or connate and bursting irregularly, usually deciduous. Petals 4-5 or 0,
imbricate or contorted in bud, deciduous. Stamens usually hypogynous ;
anthers 2-celled, bursting by slits or pores. Disk thickened, often glandular.
Ovary 1-, rarely several-celled ; style and stigiuas free or united ; ovules
parietal, amphitropous or anatropous. Fruit dry or fleshy, indehiscent or
valvular, valves bearing the seeds in the middle. Seeds arillate or testa
Eulpy, albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, cotyledons foliaceous often cordate. —
liSTRiB. Chiefly tropical ; genera 30 ; species 160.
Tribe I. Bixese. Petals broad, contorted, without a scale or basal ap-
pendage. Anthers bursting by pores or short slits.
Capsule almost 3-5-celled. Leaves compound 1. Cochlospermum.
Capsule 2-valved. Leaves simple 1* Bixa.
Tribe II. Flacourtieee. Petals small, imbricate or 0. Anthers short,
bursting by slits.
Flowers 2-sexual. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite ... 2. Scolopia.
Flowers 2-seximl. Petals 5-6. Stamens 5-6 3. Erythrospermum.
Flowers usually dioecious. Petals 0. Ovary 2-8-celled . . 4. Flacourtia.
Flowers dioecious. Petals 0. Ovary 1-celled. Seeds glabrous 5. Xylosma.
Flowers dioecious. Petals 0. Ovary 1-celled. Seeds hairy 6. Aberia.
Tribe III. Pang'ieaB. Flowers dioecious. Petals with an adnate scale
or basal appendage.
Sepals connate. Stamens very many . 7. Gynocardia. _^'
Sepals connate. Stamens 5 8. Trichadenia.
Sepals free. Stamens 5-8 9. Hydnocarpos.
1. COCKZiOSPERMUIVI, Kunth.
Trees or shrubs, juice yellow or red. Leaves digitately lobed or divided.
Flowers large, yellow, 2-sexiial. Sepals 5, deciduous. Petals 5, large, con-
torted in bud. Stamens many, on an eglandular disk ; anther-cells with
pores or short slits. Ovary globose, almost 3-5-celled ; style simple, stigma
toothed ; ovules very many, on 3-5 parietal placentas. Capsule 3-5-valved,
endocarp membranous. Seeds cochleate; testa hard, woolly; embryo
curved. — Disteib. About 11 species, all tropical.
190 XIV. BIXINEJ3. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Cochlospermum.
1. C> G-ossypium, DC. Prodr. i. 527 ; leaves palmately 3-5-lobecl
tomentose beneath, lobes acute entire. Wall. Cat. 1S43 ; Wight in. Hook.
Bot. Misc. il 357, Suppl, t. 18 ; W. & A. Prodr. 87 ; Planch, in Hook. Kew
Journ. Bot. vi. 306. Bombax gossypium, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 169.
' Dry hills Garwhal, Bundelkund, Behae, Orissa and the Dekkan; also com-
mouly planted near temples.
A small naked tree ; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3-8 in. diam., old glabrous ;
petiole slender. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., in few-flowered terminal panicles, golden yellow.
Sepals silky. Petals obovate, notched. Capsule 2-3 in., 5-lobed.
1* BZXA, Linn.
A tree. Lmve^ simple ; stipules minute. Flowers in terminal panicles,
2-sexual. Sepals 5, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, contorted in bud.
AntJiers opening by 2 terminal pores. Ovary 1-celled ; style slender, curved,
stigma notched ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Camulp loculici-
dally 2-valved, placentas on the valves. Seeds many, fuuicle thick, testa
pulpy ; albumen fleshy ; embryo large, cotyledons flat.
B. Orellana, L.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 31 ; W. c6 A. Prodr. 31. (Anatto.)
Cultivated throughout India, and the tropics generally, for the red dye afforded by
the testa. — Native of America.
A small evergreen tree. Leaves 4-8 by 2^-5 in., cordate, acuminate, glabrous;
petiole slender, 2-3 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., purple or white. Capside Ij in., ovoid
or subglobose, base intruded, softly prickly.
2. SCOZ.OPZA, Schreber.
Trees, spinous in India, spines often compound. Leaves alternate, entire ;
stipules minute or u. Flowers small, racemed, axillary, 2-sexual. Sepals
4-6, slightly imbricate in bud. Petals 4-6, subsimilar, imbricate in bud.
Stamens many; anthers ovoid, opening by slits, connective produced.
Ovary 1-celled ; style erect, stigma entire or lobed ; ovules few, on 3-4
parietal placentas. Berry 2-4-seeded. Seeds \vith. long funicles, testa hard'
cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. Species about 16 ; Australian, Asiatic, and
African.
1. S. rhinanthera, Clos. in Ann. So. Nat. Ser. 4, viil 252; leaves
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate crenulate 6-plinerved, petiole 2-glandular at
the top, racemes pubescent, sepals and petals 4 each, fruit pisiform 2-6-
seeded. Miqml Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 107. Fhoberos rhinanthera, Benn.
PL Jav. Rar. 187, t. 39. P. macrophylla, W. & A. Prodr, 30. Flacourtia
inermis. Wall. Cat. 6673 G^ //, only.
Malacca, Griffith. — Di«trib. Java, Borneo,
A tree. Leaves 3-6 by l|-24 in., coriaceous, shining, base rounded or acute, teeth
glandular; petiole 4 in. Racemes Z-A\n.\ flowers 1- or more-bracteate. Sepals downy.
Petals twice as long, glabrous, ciliate. Connective of authers glabrous. Ovary
globose.
2. S. Roxburgrhii, Clos. I.e. 250 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate
subcrenate glabrous 3-5-plinerved at the base, petiole 2-glandular at the
top or not, racemes softly pubescent, sepals and petals 6 each, fruit olive-
formed. Aliq. Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 107. Phoberos Koxburghii, Benn. PL
Jav. Rar. 192. Ludia spinosa, Ro:id}. FL Ind. ii. 507. Flacourtia stigma-
rota, Wall. Cat, 6678, in part.
Scolapia.] xiv. bixine^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 191
Mergui, Griffith. — Distrib. Sumatra.
Spines on trunk compound. Leaves 4-5 by 14-2| in., coriaceous, shining above;
petiole ^-\ in. Eacemes axillary, 1 in. ; flowers yellow, solitary, bracts deciduous. Dish
pubescent. Connective ciliate.
3. S. crenata, Clos. I.e. 250 ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely
or acutely acuminate subcrenate glabrous obscurely 3-5-plinerved, petiole
|-| in., racemes axillary glabrous or puberulous, sepals and petals 5-6 each,
fruit globose green (dry size of a cherry). S. pseudo-crenata, acuminata,
chinensis, lanceolata, and crassipes, Clos. I.e. S. sseva, Hance in Ann. Sc,
Nat. Ser. 4, xviii. 182. Phoberos crenatus, W. (h A. Prodr. 29; Dalz. <k
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11. P. lanceolatus and P. Wightianus, W. (& A. Prodr. 30.
P. acuminatus, Hookerianus, and Arnottianus,.7^^^^;a^^es Mnum. 17 and 400.
Flacourtia sapida and crenata, Wall. Cat. 6675 //, 6679.
Malabar, Canara, Maisob, and Ceylon, in hilly districts. — Distrib. China and
Philippines.
Branches of young trees armed, of old unarmed. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in., base acute,
teeth glandular, shining above, pale and reticulate beneath ; petiole J-^ in. Racemes
1-3 in., terminal flowers at times corymbose; bracts deciduous; pedicels 1-3-flowered.
Connective of anthers glabrous. — Excessively variable. S. dasyanthera, Bennett, united
with this by Clos, is a different species.
4. S. G-aertnerl, Thwaites Enum, 400; leaves oblong to orbicular obtuse
or acute glabrous, petiole very short, racemes simple, sepals and petals
5 each, fruit pisiform red fleshy. S. pusilla, Moon. Gat; Clos. I.e. 251.
Limonia pusilla, Goertn. Fruct. i. 279, t. 58, f. 4.
Ceylon, from the sea coast to 1500 ft.
A tree, spines compound on the trunk, simple or on the branches. Leaves 1-3 by
\-2 in., coriaceous, base rounded cordate or subacute, thin, reticulate on both surfaces;
petiole jTj-^ in.
3. ERYTKROSFERMUIMC, Lamarck.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire. Flowers racemed fascicled
or panicled, 2-sexual. ISepals 4-6, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-6, usually
small. iStamens 4-6 ; anthers lanceolate-sagittate, connective dilated. Ovary
1-celled ; style short, stigma entire or 3-4-fid ; ovules many, on 3-4 pa-
rietal placentas. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-valved ; valves bearing the seeds
on the middle. Seeds few, testa coriaceous or fleshy ; embryo incurved. — ,
Distrib. Species 6, all Mascarene but the following.
1. S. phytolaccoides, Gard. in Cole. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 9; gla-
brous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or subserrate, flowers
5-merous. Thwaites Enum. 18.
Ceylon, in the Ambamagowa and Katnapoora districts.
A tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves 3^-8 by 1 4-3 in., shining above, base acute ; petiole ^-| in.
Racemes axillary and terminal, simple or panicled, many-flowered. Flowers ^ in. diara.,
white. Sepals ovate, obtuse, equalling the ovate-oblong ciliate petals. Anthers larare,
on very short filaments. Capsule globose, 3-4-valved, 4 in. diam., 1-2-seeded. Seeds
globose ; testa red.
4. FZ.ACOUB,TZA, Commers.
Trees or shrubs, often spinous. Leaves toothed or crenate. Flowers
small, dicecious, rarely 2-sexual. Sepals 4-5, small, imbricate. Petcds 0.
Stamens many; anthers versatile. Ovary on a glandular disk; styles 2 or
192 XIV. BixiNE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Flacourtia.
more, stigmas notched or 2-lobed ; ovules usually in pairs on each placenta.
Fruit indehiscent, endocarp hard, with as many cells as seeds. Seeds obo-
void, testa coriaceous; cotyledons orbicular. — Distrib. About 12 species,
natives of the Old World, some are cultivated in various tropical countries.
After a long study of extensive suites of specimens, we find ourselves quite unable to
distinguish the forms of several species of this genus, and especially of 5, 6, 7, and 8,
which are all excessively variable.
* Leaves usually more or less lanceolate and acuminate.
1. P. sumatrana, Planch, mss. in Herb. Hook.; unarmed, leaves ob-
long acuminate base cordate glabrous obtusely gland-serrate, nerves be-
neath pubescent, lowest close-set, flowers racemed dioecious, stigmas 2-lobed.
Wall. Cat. 6678 A, in part. ? Ludia fcBtida, Moxb.
Tenasserim, Heifer. — Distkib. Sumatra.
Young branches only pubenilous. Leaves 5-10 by 2\-A\ in., thin, coriaceous, shining
above ; petiole \-\ in., and midrib below pubescent. Racemes axillary, fascicled, short.
Disl- ciipular. Ovary 4-7-celled ; styles 4-7. Fruit small, oblong,
2. r. Inermls, Roxh. Cor. PI. iil 16, t. 222 ; Fl. Ind. iil 833 ; unarmed,
leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate obtusely serrate
glabrous, flowers 2-sexual in fascicled pubescent racemes, stigmas 2-lobed.
Jack. Mai. Misc., and in Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 289 ; Wall. Cat. 6(573, exd.
G, H, I ; W. dh A. Prodr. 29. ? F. quintuplinervis, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc.
xxxvi. 353.
SiMiET, Singapore, Penano, Jack, &c., cultivated in India. — Distrib, Sumatra.
Young branches pubenilous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3^ in., base acute or rounded shining,
thin, coriaceous, midrib below pubescent; petiole ^-^ in. Disk covered with fleshy
orange glands. Ovary 5-celled, cells 2-ovuled; stigmas 4-8, 2-lobed. Fruit size of a
cherry, red, acid, pyrenes 8-10,
3. F. xnontana, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 10 ; branches spinous, flowering
unarmed, softly pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely
acuminate crenate glabrous above hairy beneath, base 3-5-plinerved, flowers
dioecious in fascicled densely pubescent racemes. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10.
F. inermis, Mi(j. PI. Holien. not Roxburgh.
Canara and Concan, Dalzell, &c.
A very thorny tree. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3^ in., coriaceous, base rounded or acute,
shining above, glabrate beneath when old; petiole ^ in., and costa beneath tomentose,
ZHsk of (J glandular. Fruit slightly acid, size of a cherry. — There is another F. mon-
tana, of Zippel (Linnsea xv. 176) I'rom Timor.
4. P. mollis, H. f. d: T. ; flowering branches softly pubescent, leaves
oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate-tootlied glabrous
except the midrib above downy beneath, flowers dioecious ^ in racemes
almost umbellate.
Tenasserim, Griffi,t.h, Heifer.
A tree ; bark smooth, grey. Jjcaves 4-6 by 1 4-2 in-, base rounded or acute, penni-
nerved ; petiole { in, Fl. ^ and fruit unknown,
- 5. P. Rukam, Zoll. do Mm-itz. Verz. 33; unarmed, young branches
pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, quite glabrous acute or
acuminate coarsely glandular-crenate, flowers dioecious umbelled, stigmas
6-8 capitate emarginate. Clos in xinn. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viil 216; Miq. Fl.
Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 104. F. cataphracta, Blume Bijd. 55 {not of Roxb).
Malacca or Mergui, Griffith. — DiaTRiB. Philippine Islands. Much culiivated^for
its fruit.
Flacourtia.] xiv. BixiNEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 193
A tree. Leaves 3-5 by lJ-2 in., firm, coriaceous, base acute or rounded, penni-
iierved ; petiole ^ in. Umbels fascicled, 4-flowered, subsessile, pubescent. /Styles erect,
remote. Fruit size of a large cherry.
6. r. Cataphracta^ Boxb. in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 830 ; Cor. PI ill. t. 222 ;
FL Ind. iii. 834 ; branches white-dotted glabrous young armed, leaves oblong
or oblong-lanceolate long acuminate quite glabrous crenate-serrate, flowers
dioecious in irregular glabrous racemes, stigmas 4-6 capitate. Wall. Cat.
6674 {exd. C) ; Clos I.e. {jiot of Roth., Bliime or Dalzell ?). F. Jangomas,
Miq. Stigmarosa Jangomas, Lour. Roumea Jangomas, Spreng. Spina
spinarum, Rumph. Amb. Cap. 43, p. 38, xix. t. 1, 2.
From Lower Bengal and Assam to CHrrTAGONO, Malacca, and Singapore. —
DiSTRiB. Malay Islands, China. — Commonly cultivated.
A small tree ; spines compound. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1| in., membranous, lower on the
branches often obtuse ; petiole \-^ in. Ovary flask-shaped, neck contracted. Flowers
very small, yV"8 ^^- d'^m. Fruit the size of a small plum, purple, very acid. — Clos
errs in considering this a native of Africa ; Bojer (Hort. Maur.) attributes it to India,
and Eoxlniigh gives it a well-known Bengali name (Paniala). The description in the
Bombay Flora is too brief for identification.
** Leaves usually oblong chovate or orbicular, obtuse or obtusely pointed^
rarely ellipti/:-lanceolate.
7. P. Raxnontchi, VHerit. Stirp. 59, t. 30, 31 ; armed, branchlets
glabrous or pubescent, leaves very variable elliptic-oblong obovate or sub-
orbicular, obtusely serrate or crenate, flowers dioecious in short branched
glabrous racemes, stigmas 5-1 1 free or connate. W. (b A. Prodr. 29 ; JJalz. S
Gibs. Bomb. FL 10.
Common throughout India, wild or cultivated. — Distrib. Madagascar, the Eastern
Archipelago.
W^ are quite unable to define the various forms brought together under the names of
F. Bamontchi and sapida, and which include either several species, or one that
spreads all over India, and varies much, presenting however the following principal
varieties or species.
Var. 1. Bamontchi proper; leaves glabrous 2-3 in. membranous elliptic ovate or
oblong coarsely crenate, racemes very slender glabrous or nearly so. F. Ramontchi,
Wall. Cat. 6677 ; Wight Cat. 108 ; Ic. t. 85; Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr. i. 120.— Common
in the Peninsula.
Var. 2. sapida; leaves 1-2 in. membranous or coriaceous glabrous or pubescent on
the costa beneath and petiole elliptic broadly oblong cuneate-obovate or suborbicuhir,
peduncles stouter pubescent. — F. sapida, Boxb. Cor. Fl. i. t. 69 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 835 ;
W. & A. Prodr. 29 ; Wall. Cat. 6675 C— Common in the Western Ghauts and else-
where in the Peninsula.
Var. 3. latifolia; branches robust glabrous, leaves large 3-5 in. glabrous, coriaceous
broadly elliptic-oblong or orbicular, costa below and petiole puberulous, nerves strong
very oblique, racemes very short pubescent, stigma sessile. — Carnatic, Nilgherries.
Var. 4. occidentalis ; branchlets petioles leaves often beneath and sometimes above
and racemes tomentose or velvety, leaves 1-2 in. broadly oblong orbicular or obovate
rarely elliptic or ovate, base rounded cuneate or cordate. — Probably a distinct species.
Wall. Cat. 6675, excl. B, C, H, & K. ?F. Perottetiaua, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4,
viii. 218. — From Behar and the Dekkan, northward and westward to Oude, Eohil-
kund, and the Punjab ; abundant — (Beluchistan).
Var. 5. raccmidifera ; leaves small 1:|-1^ in. membranous glabrous elliptic-oblong
crenulate-serrate puberulous, petiole short, flowers very small dioecious in short glabrous
erect strict many-flowered racemes ^-1 in. long very slaortly pedicelled, bracteoles broad.
— Herb. Madras, Wall. Cat. 6675 K, male flower only; Wight Oat. 107. ?F. sepiaria
j8 frondosa, Clos in Ann. /Sc. Nat. tier. 4, viii. 217. — A very curious form, or probably
VOL. I. Q
194 XIV. BixiNEiE. (Hook. f. Sc Thorns.) [Flacourtia^
different species. Wallich's specimens and four in Wight's Herb, are all we have seen,
and these are male.
8. P. sepiaria, Roxh. Cc/r. PL i. 48, t. 68 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 835 ; shrubby,
very thorny, thorns usually bearing flowers and fruit, leaves suiiiU obcor-
date obovate or oblong or cuneate-obovate or orbicular crenate-serrate, when
old rigid coriaceous and shining, flowers dioecious solitary or few in nearly
glabrous racemes, stigmas 3-4. W. <k A. Frodr. 29 ; Wall. Cat. 6676 ;
JJcdz. <& Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 11. F. obcordata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 835. H. cor-
difolia and rotundifolia, Roxb. Hart. Btmj. 73. Sideroxylon spinosum,
WUld. Sp. Pi. i. 1091 ; Rlieede Ilort. Mai, v. t. 39.
Dry jungles throughout Bengal, the Westekn Peninsula, and Ceylon. — Distrib.
Java.
A very rigid thorny bush. Leaves ^-3 in., usually more or less cuneate at the ba>^e ;
when larger and more membranous or more elliptic it is difficult to distinguish this
from F. iiamontchi vars. 1 and 2. Flower generally solitary or twin in a very imper-
fect raceme, very small. ^Jale sepals ovate, obtuse ; female orbicular. Stigmas
usually separate, on very short styles. Drupe size ot a large pea.
Flacourtia Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6672 is a Scepa. F. nivea, Moon. Cat. 70 is
Flueggea hucopyrus, Wt.
5. XYX.OS»IA, Forster.
Characters of Flacowtia, but ovary with 2, rarely 3-6 few-ovuled parietal
placentas, a usually entire very short style, cai)itate stigma (iu the Indian
species) and globose 2-8-seeded berry. — Distrib. Species about 25, natives
of all tropical regions.
1. X. long'lfolium, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 231 ; leaves
linear- or elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate obtusely serrate, nerves
spreading, ^ flowers in short racemes, rarely in long panicles, bracts
ovate acuminate. Flacourtia ferox, Wall. mas. in Voigt. Ilort. Suburb.
Calc. 84.
Western Himalaya on the outer rangos, ascending to 5000 ft., from Kumaon, Struck,
and Wint., to Marri, Stewart. Assam, at Nowgong and Uowahatty, Jenkins, &c.
A glabrous bush ; branches rather long, slender. Leaves 4-9 by l\-l\ in , coria-
ceous, shining above, base acute, rarely obtuse ; nerves 8-12 on each bide the midrib ;
petiole 4-i in. Racemes usually very thort, ^ in., and crowded in the leaf axils, sessile,
inany-flowtred, glabrous or puberulous, rarely elongate and branched. Flotrera solitary
or fascicled, g in. diam. Berry glabrous, ^ in. diam. — The specimens with panicled in-
florescence occur amongst those from Assam.
2. X. controversum, Chs I.e.; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong
(rarely lanceolate) acuminate obtusely serrate, nerves very oblicjue, flowers
panicled puberulous, bracts linear-oblong. Flacourtia Cataphracta, Wall.
Cat, 6674 0.
NiPAL, Wallich. Khasia hills, Griffith; Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft., H.f. <& T.
Very near X. longifolium, especially tbe form of that species with panicled male
flowers ; best distinguished by the usually shorter (3-6 in.) leaves, often more mem-
branous, with invariably very oblique nerves and fewer of them on each side (6-8).
The sepals are ecjual or unequal, and the character of the bracts is perhaps not a very
good one. The truit is alike iu both.
3. X. latifolium, H. f. d- T. ; leaves broadly elliptic-oblong obtuse
or acute obtusely serrate or subentire, nerves few very oblique, petiole
Xylosma.] xiv. bixine^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 195
pubescent, <$ flowers in small branched slender pubescent few-flowered
panicles, sepals minute orbicular ciliate.
'Bababooden hills in Maisor, Law, Stocks.
A large thorny tree, twigs petioles and inflorescence finely downy. Leaves 2—5 by
1-24 in., hardly coriaceous, base acute, nerves 4 or 5 on each side, the 2 lower running
nearly throughout the blade ; petiole ^-^ in, ^ Panicles | -1 in , very slender, sparingly
branched ; bracts linear-ol'long. Fruit very small, about ^ in. diam. with 4 placentas ;
style very distinct, stigma capitate 4-lobed.
6. ABERIA, Hochst.
Trees or shrubs, often spinous. Leaves entire or toothed, exstipulate.
Flowers axillary, dioecious ; (^ subracemose, fascicled, or umbellate, ? soli-
tary or fascicled. *b'e/?afe 5-8, tomentose, subvalvate. Petals 0. I>isk of ^
glandular. Stamens numerous; anthers short. O^ary 1-celled ; styles 2-5,
short, spreading, stigma notched or truncate ; ovules 2-6 on each of 2-7 pa-
rietal placentas. Berry globose, tomentose. Seeds pubescent or t)men-
tose, compressed, imbedded in pulp ; cotyledons flat, broad. — Species 5, all
but the following African.
1. A. G-ardneri, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 236 ; leaves ovate
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or toothed pubescent above
tomentose beneath. Koumea hebecarpa, Gard. in Calc. Joum. Nat. Hist.
vii. 9 ; Thwaites Enum. 18.
Ceylon, at Condasalle, Maturatte, &c., Gardner, &c.
A tree, 16-20 ft. ; branches pale, twigs reddish, tomentose. Leaves 2-5 by ^2 in.;
midrib and very oblique veins red, base acute or rounded; petiole \-\ in. Flowers
^ in. diam. ; (J urabelled on very short peduncles; $ solitary or few together. Fila-
ments equalling the lanceolatp, acute sepals. Styles hairy ; stigmas fimbriate. Fruit
1 in. diam. — The name of hebecarpa was not adopted by Clos,. because all the species
of Aberia have pubescent fruit.
7. GVNOCARBIA, R Er,
A perfectly glabrous tree. Leaves quite entire, i^^oz^/ers axillary or trun-
cal, fascicled, dioecious. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed or bursting irre-
gularly. Petals 5, with a ciliate scale opposite each. Fh. <$ : Stamens
many ; anthers basifixed, linear. Ovary 0. Fl. $ : Staminodes 10-15,
villous. Ovary ^ globose, 1-celled ; styles 5, stigmas large cordate ; ovules
many, on 5 parietal placentas. Berry subglobose, rind thick, hard, rough.
Seeds obovoid, immersed in pulp, testa thick ; albumen oily ; cotyledons
flat, subreniform, radicle ovoid.
1. G. odor£(,ta, R. Br. in Roxh.Gor. PI. 95, t. 299,- quite glabrous,
leaves oblong or linear oblong abruptly acuminate shining above. Bennett
PL Jav. Ivir. 207. Chaulinoogra odorata, Roxb. Fl. hid. iii. 835. Chil-
moria dodecandra, Ilamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 500.
From SiKKiM and the Khasia hills eastwards to Chittagong, Rangoon, and
Tknasserim.
Branches slender, flexuous. Leaves bifarious, largest 6-10 by 3-4 in., smallest 4-6
by lJ-2 in., coriaceous, strongly reticulate beneath ; petiole ^-1 in. Flowers sweet
scented, yellowish in very large fascicles on the trunk, solitary or few together in the
leaf axils, very variable in size, ^-2 in. diam., the females largest ; peduncles 1-3 in.
bracts basal, minute. Calyx coriaceous. Filaments woohy. Fruit 3-5 in. diam.
Seeds I in. long.
02
196 XIV. BixiNE^. (Hook. f. it Thorns,) [TricJiadenia,
8. TRICHAJDENZA, Thwaites.
A tall tree. Leaves long-petioled, alternate, coriaceous. Stipules folia-
ceous, deciduous. Flovjers in short axillary racemes or i)aiiicles. Calf/xveTy
coriaceous. Petals 5, imbricate, with an adnate scale on each. Fl. (^ :
stamens 5 ; anthers linear. Fl. ? : Stammoiks 0. Ovary 1-celled ; styles
3, very short, stigmas subcapitate ; ovules solitary on 3 parietal placentas.
Berry spherical, 1-3-seeded, Seeds large, testa bony, albumen oUy ; coty-
ledons foliaceous, rugose.
1. T. zeylanlca, Thioaites in Ho^k. Kew Joum. Bot.vii. 196, t. 7;
Enum. 19 ; leaves oblong acuminate sinuate-toothed finely pubescent on
the nerves beneath, racemes tomentose.
Ceylon ; central province, alt. 3000 ft. Thwaites.
A very large tree ; branchlets very stout, inflorescence and petioles tomentose.
Leaves 5-12 by 2-4 in., base rounded; petiole 2-3 in.; nerves beneath very strong.
liacemes 3-5 in. Flowers i iu diam., pale greeu. Fruit 14-3 in.diam. Seed 4-^ in.
diam.
9. KVDNOCASPUS, Gaertner.
Trees. Leaves alternate, serrate or entire, transverse venules numerous ;
stipules deciduous. Flowers solitary or in irregular axillary few-tiowered
racemes or fascicles, dioecious. Sepals 5, eiiual or uueiiual, imbricate in bud.
Petals 5, with a scale opposite each. Fl. ^ : Stameits 5-8 ; anthers reniform,
connective broad. Ovary or rudimentary. Fl. $ : Stamens as in the ^
but without pollen, or reduced to stuminodes. Ovary 1-celled ; stigmas
3-6, sessile or subsessile, spreading, dilated, lobed ; ovules many, on 3-6 pa-
rietal placentas. Berry globose, rind hard, many-seeded. Seeds many,
imbedded in pulp, testa crustaceous, striate, albumen oily ; cotyledons very
broad, fiat. — IUstkib. Species about 6, tropical Asiatic.
1. K. venenata, Gcertn. Fruct, i. 288, t. 60, f. 3 ; leaves lanceolate or
oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, flowers \ in. diam. racemed pentandrous, sepals
subequal orbicular, scales villous much smaller than the orbicular petals,
fruit the size of a walnut. Blame Mas. Bot. i. 15. H. inebrians, Vald Synd).
iii. 100 ; DC. Prodr. i. 257 ; Thwaites Enum. 18.
Ceylon, by banks of river.-<, ascending to 2000 ft.
A large tree ; branchleis puberulous or silky. Leaves 5-7 by 1-24 in-i obscurely
serrate, coriaceous; nerves very oblique; petiole J in., stout, liacemes 1 in. or less,
densely tomentose ; buds ^ in. diam. Sepah rather shorter than the petals, ciliate,
tomentose on the back. Stamens equalling the glabrous petals. Fruit densely tomen-
lose. Seedn grooved, ridges rough.
2. K. Wig'htiana, Blume Rumph. iv. 22 ; leaves elliptic- or oblong-
lanceolate long acuminate entire or serrate, flowers 1 in. diam, racemed
pentandrous, 3 inner sepals larger, petals ciliate twice as long as the ovate
fimbriate scales, ? flowers with imperfect stamens, fruit the size of a small
apple. Blume Mils. Bot. i. 15; Dak. d: Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 11. H. inebrians,
Wall. Cat. 6670; WiglU III. i. t. 16; Bennett PI. Jav. Ear. 207. Mun-
uicksia, Denmtd. Clav. Uort. Mai. — 1 Rlieede Ilort. Malab. i. 65, t. 36 {j'ruit
repremnted as rough with large tubefi'des).
Westekn Peninsula, from the S. Concan alung the coast ranges.
A tall tree; twigs usually brn-mi pubescent (raruly glabrate) as are the racemes.
Leaves 4-9 by 1^-4 iu., coriaceous or membranous, sometimes deeply obtusely serrate
Hydnocarpus^.\ xiv. bixine^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 197
ov toothed, base round aeute or subcordate ; petiole J-| in. Floioers solitary or ra-
cemed, white. Sepals green, pubescent. Stamens villous at the base, equalling the
petals. Ovary densely pubescent. Frmt 2-4 in. diam.^ tomentose. Seeds obtusely
angular.
3. H- alpina, Wight Ic, t. 942 ; leaves elliptic oblong or more or less
lanceolate obtusely acuminate or subacute quite entire, flowers 1 in. diam.
racemed pentandrous, sepals equal, petals oblong-lanceolate glabrous equal-
ling the linear scales, $ flowers with linear oblong obtuse staminodes.
Moist valleys of the Nilghiri Mts., Wight; Ceylon, Thvmites.
A tree 70-100 ft. ; twigs glabrous or nearly so. Leaves very variable, young red,
old deep green, 4-7 by 14-24 in., glabrous; petiole ^ in. Flowers racemed on very
thick branched jointed peduncles and long pedicelled (in the Ceylon specimens), ped'cels
1-1 4 in. Stamens shorter than the petals. Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit globose, size cf
an apple, brown tomentose. Seeds imbedded in white pulp, testa hard. — Description
chiefly from Wight.
4. K. octandra, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot, vii. 197; Enum.
19 ; leaves elliptic or elliptic- or ovate- or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acu-
minate quite entire, flowers | in. diam. fascicled octandrous, sepals unequal,
petals twice as long as the rounded silky scales, $ fl. with imperfect stamens,
fruit 2-3 in. diam.
Ambamagawa district, Ceylon, alt. 2500 ft., Thwaites^
A tree 40-50 ft. ; branchlets tomentose. Lea/oes 3-44 by 1|-1| in., glabrous above,
puberulous beneath with stellate hairs and glandular dots ; petiole \-% in. Floroers
2-8 in a fascicle ; pedicels \-\ in. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Petals orbicular, concave,
ciliate. Stamens exceeding the petals. Ovary oblong ; placentas 4, each 6-ovuled ;
stigmas 4. Berry woody, subtoraentose, few or many-seeded.
5. K. castanea, H. f. & T. ; perfectly glabrous, leaves linear-oblong
acuminate red-brown when dry quite entire much reticulated, petiole f-1 in.,
$ flowers f in. diam., sepals equal, scales Ungulate silky equalling the
linear-oblong petals, ovary ovoid beaked, fruit as large as an orange.
King's Island, Andamans, by the sides of torrents, Heifer; Malacca, Griffith.
A middle-sized tree. Branches stout,, angular, smooth, black when dry. Leaves
8-14 bj 2-3^ in., sides at base very unequal, one acute, the other rounded, thickly
coriaceous, shining, strongly veined on both surfaces, nerves 6-10 on each side ; petiole
|-1 in., much thickened at the top, quite glabrous. Floioers $ (only seen) apparently
solitary, axilhuy, sweet-scented ; peduncles | in., and orbicular concave sepals densely
rusty-pubescent. Petals longer than the sepals, concave, obtuse quite glabrous ; scales
subacute, rigid, narrower than the petals. Staminodes 5, erect, glabmus, oblong, lan-
ceolate, obtuse, much shorter than the scales. Ovary villous, contracted into a conical
beak ; stigma sessile. "Fruit size of an orange, globose, rugose, brown, angled at the
top, flesh granular hard, placentas several. Seeds large angular, testa double, outer
subcoriaceous cellular, inner as- thick." Griff, mss.
There is a Burmese species apparently of this genus collected by Griffith, but in too
immature a state for description.
Order XV. PITTOSPORE-ffi. (By Hook. f. & Thorns.)
Erect or climbing trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or subverticillate
quite entire (very rarely toothed) ; exstipulate. Flowers usually herma-
plirodite terminal or axillary. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous,
imbricate. Torus small. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals ; anthers versatile,
198 XV. PiTTospoRE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.)
many, albumen copious ; embryo small, radicle next the hilum. — Distbib.
Genera 9 ; species about 90, chiefly Australian.
1. PZTTOSPORUXa, Banks.
Erect trees or shrubs. Sepals free or connate below. Petals erect, claws
connivent or connate. Stamens 5, erect ; anthers 2-celled, introrse, bursting
by slits. Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, incompletely 2-3-celled ; ovules
2 or more on each placenta. Capsule 1-celled, woody, 2- rarely 3-valved ;
valves placentiferous in the middle. Se<^ds smooth, imbedded in pulp.
— DiSTELB. Species about 50, subt;ropical Asiatic, Australian, and Oceanic.
* Capsule 3-valved, twice as long as broad,
1. P. grlabratum, LindL in Joum. Hort. Soc. i. 230 ; leaves obovate
oblong or lanceolate, flowers in lax terminal corymbs, peduncles glandular-
pubescent. — Bentk. Fl. Hongkong, 19.
Khasia HILL8, in thickets above 4000 ft , Griffith^ &c. — Distrib. Amoy and Hong-
kong,
A strflggling shrub, branches whorled. Leaves 2-4 by §-l| in., glabrous, usmilly
acuminate, base acute, white beneath. Flowers | in., pale yellow. Sepals sometimes
connate below, ovate, pubescent. Ovary linear-oblong, pubescent, style as long. Cap-
sule 1 in. or more, olovoid-oblong, many-seeded. — In Griffith's Herb, there are speci-
mens marked as from Sikkim, but probably through misplacement of tickets. Chinese
specimens are usually quite glabrous, but the peduncles are now and then downy.
** Capsule 2-valved, when ripe broader than long.
t Leaves and tyranches glabrous {except 3, tetraspermum).
2. P. humile, //. /. d: T. ; dwarf, leaves lanceolate, racemes subum-
bellate few-flowered much shorter than the leaves, sepals obtuse, ovary
glabrous.
Khasia hjlls, banks of the Borpani river, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. tS^ T.
A small, much branched shrub, 1-2 ft., glabrous. Leaves 1^-24 by |-f in., short-
petioled, obtuse or subacute, margins recurved, liacemes ^-1 in., slightly pubescent ;
ptdicels ^-\ in., pubescent; bracts as long, linear. Floxrers ^ in., yellow-green.
Sepals ^^ in., ovate, obtuse. Petals oblong. Capsule subglobose, scarcely compressed,
2-valved.
3. P. tetraspermum, W. d.- A. Prodr. 154 ; leaves broad-ovate to lan-
ceolate acute, flowers in terminal many-flowered umbels, rays short simple
or 2-fid, sepals ovate acute ciliate, ovary tomentose. \\ ight Ic. t. 971
(stigma bad).
^iLGUiKi Mts. ; and Ceylon, central province, alt. 5-7000 fl.
A large shrub or tree; branches often umbelled, young puberulous. Leaves 14-4
by §-2 in., glabrous, shining above, pale below, coriaceous, acute at both ends. Vmiels
sessile or shortly peduncled, rays many, J^ in., short, bracteolate, glabrous or pubescent.
Flowers ^ in. long, yellow-green. Style glabrous, 2-lobed. Capsule globose, glabrous,
2-valved, 4-seeded. — Very closely allied to P. nilghirense.
4. P. nilg-hirense, W. & A. Prodr. 154 ; leaves broad-ovate oblong or
lanceolate, flowers in slender glabrous terminal 3-8-flowered corymbs, sepals
ovate acute subciliate, ovary tomentose. WiglU III. i, t. 70.
Piteosporu7n.] xv. pittospore^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 199
NiLGHiKi Mts.,- above 5000 ft.
A small tree. Leaves 1-4 by |-2 in., acute or obtuse, shining above, thinly coria-
ceous, base tapering. Corymbs several together; pedicels ^-{ in., spreading; brac-
teoles minute, subulate. Style glabrous. Capsule subglobose, subcompressed, 2-valved,
6-seeded. — Very closely allied to states of the African F. Senacia, Putt.
5. P. Ceylanicum, Wight III. 173; leaves narrow-obovate, flowers in
terminal peduncled or compound corymbs, sepals ovate acute subciliate,
ovary pubescent. Thwaites Enum. 68 iexd. most syii.).
Ceylon ; in the Oova district, alt. 3-5000 ft.
A small tree ; branches leafy, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by f-l| in., obtuse or subacute,
base tapering; petiole \-^,\n. Peduncles several, 2-3 in., glabrous; bracteoles small,
ovate, at the base of the pedicels. Flowers ^ in., greenish-white. Style glabrous.
Capsule subglobose, compressed, 2-valved. — An imperfectly known species which turns
black in drying.
6. P. floribundum, W. & A. Prodr. 154 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate acute or acuminate, margins waved, flowers small pubescent in
much-branched terminal compound corymbs, sepals ovate, ovary pubescent.
Rotfle III. 77 ; Wall. Cat. 8127 ; Dab. & Gibs. Bomb.. Fl. 44. % P. densi-
florum, Putterl. Monog. 9.. Senacia nepalensis, DC. Prodr. i. 347. Celastrus
verticillata, Eoxb. FL Ind. 624, Ed. Wall. ii. 391.
Subtropical Himalaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, ascending to 5000 ft. Khasia
HILLS and MiSHMi ; Western Peninhula, Concan to the Nilghiri Mts.
A small tree ; branches often umbelied. Leaves 2-8 by 1-3 in., glabrous shining,
pale below, coriaceous. Corymbs sometimes leafy below ; branches 1-3 in., spreading,
glabrous or pubescent. i^Zow?e?*s numerous, yellow. Sepals obtuse or acute, subciHate.
Style glabrous. Capsules pisiform, glabrous, about 6-seeded. — Nilghiri specimens are
usually broader and shorter leaved than Himalayan. The African P. Mannii, H. f., is
nearly allied, But has a glabrous ovary.
ft Young branches pubescent or tomentose. Ovarp tomentose in all.
7. P. dasycaulon, Miguel in Herb. Hohenack. 775 ; leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate glabrous or midrib beneath downy, flowers in dense
Tnuch-branched terminal compound tomentose corymbs, sepals ovate acute.
Westekn Peninsula; hills of Canara [pi. Hohenack.) ; Belgaum, Mitchie; Concan,
Gibson.
A shrub or small tree; branchlets densely tomentose. Leaves 2^-4 by 1-1 4 in.,
?ale green when dry, thin, coriaceous, margin subundulate ; young petioles tomento>e.
<'hwers white. Sepals ciliate. Anthers bright yellow. Capsule large, compressed,
densely tomentose before dehiscence, about 6-seeded. — Flowers much larger than in
P. fioribundam ; closely allied to P. abyssinicum, Hochst.
8. P. eriocarpum, Royle El. 77 ; leaves ovate obovate or broad lan-
ceolate obtuse or acute, young floccose on both surfaces, flowers in many
compound many-flowered often umbellate corymbs, sepals lanceolate densely
tomentose. Wall. Cat. 8129, 8131, 9074.
Western Himalaya ; in Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 3-7000 ft.
A small tree; branches subverticillate, spreading; young tomentose. Leaves very
variable, 3-8 by 14-24 in., adult pubescent beneath. Peduncles 1-2 in., bracteoles-
subulate. Flowers ^ in. long, pale yellow. Ovary tomentose ; style short, glabrous.-
Capsules rather large, tomentose, many-seeded, valves woody.
9. P. ferrug'ineum, Ait. ; DC. Prodr. i. 346 ; leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, young rusty pubescent, flowers very
small in many terminal subsimple corymbose racemes, sepals narrow very
200 XV. PiTTOSPORE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Pittosporum.
acuminate. Wall, Cat. 8128 ; Benth. Fl. Austral, i. 112. P: ferrugineum
and Kumpliii, Putterl. Monog. 7, 8.
Eastehn Peninsula, from Moiilmein to Sincapore, Wallich, &c. — Distkib. Eastern
Aicliipelago, Australia.
A spreading much branched tree ; yonng branches rusty pubescent. Leaves 2|-4 by
1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, adult glabrous and shining above, glabrous or pubescent be-
neath. Peduncles 1 in., rustv-pubescent. Flowers \ in. l«>ng. gi-ecnish-wliito. Ovary
rusty -tomentose ; style vqrj short, glabrous. Capsvle slightly compressed, rough, about
4-8eeded. — Aiton's locality (Guinea) is no doubt an error.
Order XVI. POLYGALE-ffi. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.)
Annual or perennial herbs, erect or scandent shrubs, or timber trees.
Leaves alternate (rarely whorled) or occasionally reduced to settles or (),
simple, quite entire. iStiimles 0. Floorers irregular, 2-sexual, 3-bracteate.
Sepals 6, unequal, 2 inner often petaloid {wing sepals), deciduous or persis-
tent, imbricate in bud. Pefals 5 or 3, distinct, unequal, the inferior usually
keel-shaped. Stamens 8 (in Salovumia 4-5, in Trigoniastrnm 5) hypogynons,
filaments united into a sheath, more rarely distinct ; anthers opening by
terminal pores, rarely by slits. Ovarij free, 1-3-celled ; style generally
curved, stigma capitate ; ovules 1 or more in each cell, anatropous. Fruit
generally a 2-celled, 2-seeded,h)Culicidal c<ipsule;orindehiscent and 1-seeded,
or (in Trigoniastrum) of 3 indehiscent carpels. Seed usually stroi)hiolate,
albuminous, , rarely exalbuminous. — Distrib. The whole world except New
Zealand, chiefly in warm regions; genera 16 ; species 4of)-500.
Herbs or (more rarely) erect shrubs. Capsule loculicidal, 2-celled.
Stamens 8, united ; 2 interior sepals alaeform 1. Polygala.
Stamens 4-6, united ; sepals petaloid, nearly equal ... 2. Salomoma.
Climbing shrubs.
Stamens 8, united; fruit 1-celled, indehiscent, samaroid . 3. Secuiudaca.
Trees or erect shrubs.
Stamens 5, united ; fruit of 3 samaroid carpels .... 4. Tkiooniastrum.
Stamens 8, distinct ; fruit 1-celled, not winged .... 5. Xantuoi'hylllm.
1. POIilTGAXiA, Linn.
Herbs or more rarely shrubs. Zmz'^.s alternate. /S'^'/jo^ usually persistent;
2 inner larger, usually petaloid. Petals 3, united at the base with the
staminal sheath, the inferior keel-sliaped and generally crested. StamemU,
filaments united for their lower half into a split sheath ; anthers opening
by pores. Ovary 2-celled ; ovides 1 in each cell, penduh)us. Cajjsule 2-
cclled, loculicidal, 2-seeded. Seeds almost always strophiolate and albu-
minous. — Distrib. Conterminous with the order, except Tasmania, About
250 species.
Sect. I. Chameebuzus, Tourn. (genus). Shrubs with large hand-
some flowers. Cahjx deciduous. Keel crested. Seeds with a large stro-
phiole, exalbuminous.
1. P. arillata, Ilamilt. in Don Prodr. 199; shrubby, leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, flowers yellow in drooping racemes or panicles. Wall.
PL As. liar. t. 100 ; Cat. 4191 ; Griff. iXotid. iv. 535, t. 507 ; Ic. PL Ind. Or.
t. 597. Chamsebuxus arillata and paniculata, Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus.
BoU i. 153, 154.
Polygala.] xvi. polygale^. (A. W. Bennett.) 201
SuBTROP. and Temp. Himalaya, from Nipal eastward, alt. 2-6000 ft. Khasia Mts.,
alt. 4-5000 ft. Western Peninsula, Ava, Ceylon. — Distkib. Malayan Arcbipelago,
S. China. _ *
An erect pubescent or nearly glabrous shrub, 4-8 ft. Leaves 4-6 by |-24 in., lan-
ceolate obovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate ; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers 4 in.
long, in usually panicled racemes ; bracts linear, deciduous. Sepals very unequal, ca-
ducous, upper very concave, 2 lower small, ovate; wings very large, ovate, red-purple.
Corolla yellow ; keel amply crested, united to the lateral petals for half their length.
Capsule \-\ in., broad-reniform, rather tleshy, rugose when dry. Seeds large, globose ;
cotyledons fleshy.
Sect. II. Herbs. Flowers small Calyx deciduous after flowering. Ked
not crested. Seeds albuminous.
2. P. triphylla, Ham. in Don Prodr. 200 ; annual, glabrous, leaves
spathulate or elliptic long-petioled, racemes terminal many-flowered
leafless.
Temp. Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; from Sirmore to Sikkim. Khasia Mts., Griffith;
Central India, Vicary ; Ava and Bihma, Wallich.
Stem slender, 2-10 in., erect or ascending, weak. Leaves ^-2^ in., membranous,
glabrous, obtuse or subacute, contracted into the petiole. Hacemes 1^-2 in., slender.
Flowers -^-^ in.,secnnd; biacts deciduous. Outer sejJals small, ovate, acute; upper
larger ; wings petaloid, elliptic, equalling the corolla. Keel liooded, with 2 inflated
terminal lobes; lateral petals narrow. Capsule iV^i i"-? orbicular, entire, narrowly
winged. Seeds black, slightly hairy ; strophiole galeate, with 2 minute appendages. —
Capsules in some (diseased?) Moulmein specimens, with unequal lobes, and irregular
much-veined wings.
Var. 1. triphylla proper ; leaves small orbicular or spathulate, flowers pink. Royle
lU. t. 19 D. F. hyalina, Wall. Cat. 4181. Semeiocardium Hamiltonii, Hassk. in Miq.
Ann. 31u8. Bot. i. 151.
Var. 2. glaucescens, Wall. Cat. 4182 (Sp.) ; leaves much larger 1-2 in. elliptic,
flowers yellow. P. furcata, Royle 111. t. 19, B, Semeiocardium hyalinum anc^glauces-
cens, Hassk. I.e. ^
Sect. III. Herbs, sometimes woody at the base. Ccdyx persistent. Keel
crested. Seeds albuminous.
* Bracts persistent, at least till the flower expands.
t Under sliTuhs. Racemes axillary. Wings petaloid, membranous. Stro-
phiole '•l-appendiculate.
3. P. javana, DC. Prodr. i. 327 ; stems closely pubescent, leaves obovate
or obovfite-lanceolatemucronate, racemes many-flowered, bracts triangular-
ovate, wings triangular. W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 38 ; Thwaites Enum. 22 ; Hassk.
i?i Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 180. P. ceylanic^, Heyne in Wail. Cat. 4183.
IP. tinctoria Vahl ; Hassk. I.e. 181.
Western Peninsula and Ceylox. — Distrib. Java.
A much branched undershrub ; branches stout, strict, erect or spreading, leafy.
Leaver f-l^ in., usually obovate and apiculate, finely pubescent on both surfaces;
petiole very short. . Jiacemes ^-3-4 in., sessile, stiff, few- or many-flowered, densely
pubescent. Flowers ^-4 in. long ; pedicels pubescent ; bracts sma,ll, ovate. Outer
sepals suhequal ; wings broadly triangular-ovate, angles rounded, exceeding the orbi-
cular notched pubescent shortly stipitate capsule. Seeds very hairy ; strophiole galeate,
appendages ovate, equalling the seed.
4. P. crotalarioides, Ham. in Don Prodr. 199 ; stems villous with
spreading hairs, leaves elliptic or oblong-obovate apiculate hairy ciUate,
202 XVI. poLYGALE^. (A. W. Bennett.) \Polygala,
racemes very short, bracts subulate, wings obovate. DC. Prodr. i. 327 ;
^yall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 185 ; Cat. 4176 ; and /3 pygmaia, Cat. 4176 D (a dimrf
form). Royle III. t. 19 C ; Hcisslc. in Miq. Mm. Bot. i. 164.
Temp. Himalaya, alt. 4-7000 ft., from Chaniba to Sikkim ; Khasia Mts.
Stems 4-8 in., erect or ascending, leafy. Leavt-s 1-2 in., tip rounded, mucronate or
not; petiole very short. Racemes very short, dense- Howe red, rarely tenuinal. Flowers
J-^ in. long, very, shortly pedice led; bracts minute. Wivgs vi\i\\ rounded tips, twice
as long as the capsule. Capsule broader than long, notched, strongly ciiiate. ISeeds
liairy ; strophiole with 2 small ovate appendages.
tt Herbs. Wings peUiloid^ membranous. Strophiole mtliout aj^peiidayes.
5. P. abyssinica, Fresen. in Mas. Senk. ii. 273 ; perennial, stems erect,
glabrous, leaves narrow-linear, racemes terminal long laxHowered, bracts
ovate, seeds covered with long hairs. Oliv. FL Trap. Afric. i. 130. P. Ge-
rardiana. Wall. Cat. 4187 ; JJassk. in Aliq. Ann. Mas. i. 173. P. scabra,
Edgeiv. in I'rans. Linn. Son. xx. 33.
SuBTROP. and Temp. Himalaya, alt. 3-8000 ft., from Marri to Kumaon, Jacqne-
mont, &c. ; Punjab at Moultan, Edgeworth. — Djstrib. Aftghanistan ; Abyssinia to
Natal.
Branches 8-18 in., very numerous, slender, ascending from a woody stock, twiggy.
Leaven ^-^ in., very narrow, acuminate, scarcely peiioled. liacevie 2-6 in., very
slender, naked. Flower's \ in. long, secund or subsecund ; bracts caducous, naiTow-
ovatc, margins membranous as are the outer sepals. Wiiujs obovate. obtuse, nerved.
Capsule o\ioy?iXe, emarginate, narrowly winged. iSeeds densely hairy, hairs longer than
the seed ; strophiole galeate.
6. P. leptalea, DC. Prodr. i. 325 ; perennial, .'^tems erect glabrous,
habit of P. abi/.ssinica, but racemes dense-flowered, flowers smaller, seeds
silky. Wall. Cat. 4189; Penth. Fl. Austral, i. 139 ; IlassL in Mia. Ann.
Mas. i. 173. P. oligophylli^ DC. I.e. 32b; Wall. Cat. 4188. P. discolor,
Ham. in Don Prodr. 199.
SuBTROP. Himalaya, from Kashmir to Nipal; Behar ; Khasia Mts., ascending to
4000ft; NiLGniRi Mts.; Rangoon, A va, Ceylon.t-Distrib. Austraha.
Very similar to P. ahynsiiiica. ^Uvis deeply furrowed. Loirer leaves often oblong-
lanceolate. Racemes 1-2 in., naked. Flower ^-\ in., subsecund ; bracts twice as
long as the buds, deciduous immediately after the flower expands. Wings much nar-
rowed below. tStrop/iiole small galeate.
7. P. Kohenackeriana, Fisch. ct- Met/. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. iv. 42 ;
hoary, stems many short from a perennial stock, leaves oblong lanceolate or
obovate-lanceolate obtuse or subacute, racemes short terminal many-
flowered, upper outer sepal much the largest obtuse, wings broad elliptic
obtuse very membranous, cai)sule very broadly winged. P. Hohenacke-
riana var. Stocksiana, Boks. Fl. Orient, i. 472. P. supina var. Hohenacke-
riana, Regel PI. Raddi, t. 7, 6, 12.
Western Punjab, Attock, Vicary; Waziristan, ascending to 3500 ft, Stewart. —
DiSTRiB. AffghanistMn and Beluchisian, Persia, Caucasus.
tStems 2-3 in., much branched from the base, suberect, hoary or pubescent. Leaves
^-| in., pale, hoary, at length glabrous, nerveless. Ractmea \-^ in., subsessile, deiise-
ilowered. Flowers drooping, nearly ^ in. long ; pedicels short, bracts small. >Sepals
with broad scarious martrins, upper linear-obovate, 2 lateral very small oblong obtuse;
wings white, veins very delicate not anastomosing. Capsule ^ in. ; glabrous, orbicular,
with a broad membranous wing. Seeds densely silky ; strophiole with 2 appendages.
8. P. persicaricefolia, DC. Prodr. i. 326 ; annual, erect, leaves linear
or elliptic-lanceolate, racemes terminal and extra-axillary, pedicels slender,
Polygala!] xvi. polygale^. (A. W. Bennett.) 203
bracts subulate, wings broad-obovate. Wall. PL As. Rar. ii. t. 184 ; Cat.
4185; Hassk. in Miq. Ann. M21S. i. 176; Oliv. FL Trop. Afric. i. 129.
P. Wallichiana, Wight III. i. t. 22 A. P. granulata, Hassk. I.e. 179. P. Bu-
chanani, Ham. in Don Prodr. 199.
Temp, and Subtrop. Himalaya, alt. 5-9000 ft. ; from Simla to E. Nipal. Khasia
Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft. ;• Western Peninsula, from the Dekkan to Travaucor. — Distkib. .
Trop. Africa and Australia.
An erect or ascending slightly pubescent very much branched slender herb, 6-16 in.
Leaves 1-2 in., flaccid, hardly petioled. Racemes 1-2 in., slender, lax-flowered.
Flowers \ in, long ; bracts small, subulate, pedicels curved. Wings orbicular-obovate
or elliptic, obtuse, rather longer than the elliptic notched ciliate capsule. Seeds villous;
strophiole small, galeate.
9. P. erioptera, DC. Prodr. i. 326 ; annual, erect or decumbent, leaves
linear linear-oblong or obovate, racemes axillary or extra-axillary few-
fiowered, wings obliquely oblong, with a strong green midrib. Wall. Cat.
4173 A ; Delens. Ic. ISel. iii. 1. 15. P. Vahliana, DC. I.e. 326 ; W.dh A. Prodr.
i. 366. P. obtusata, DC. I.e. P. tomentosa, Vahl ex Heyne mss. P. triflora,
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afrie. i 128 {not of Linn.).
The Punjab; Scinde; Behar; the Western Peninsula ; Ava ; Birma. — Distrib.
Arabia, trop. Asia and Africa (St. Vincent, introduced?).
Very variable in habit ; .branches numerous, erect or spreading from the base, stout
or slender, 4-10 in. high. Leaves ^-1 in. long, from obovate or almost obcordate to
very narrow-linear. Racemes very short, ^-^ in., few-flowered. Flowers ^—^ in. ;
pedicels slender; bracts minute.- Wings always membranous in fruit, glabrous or
pubescent, longer than the ovate notched pubescent capsule. Seeds densely hairy ;
strophiole laleate and inappendiculate. — Aden specimens have the root so woody as to
appear perennial.
ttt Herbs. Wings herbaceous. Strophiole in- or 3-appendiculate.
10. P. g'laucoides, Ltnn. {not of Wight) ; stems wiry pubescent ex-
cessively numerous from a perennial stock, leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceo-
late, racemes extra-axillary with slender peduncles 2-3-flowered equalling
the leaves or shorter, outer sepals acuminate, wings oblong acute. DO.
Prodr. i. 326; Wall. Cat. 4171. ? P. confusa, Hassk. I.e. 165.
Ceylon ; on banks at Newera Ellia.
Stems 4r-8 in., pubescent or pilose. Leaves ^-§ in., glabrous or pilose, usually mu-
cronate. Racemes about equalling the leaves. Flowers ^-i in. long ; pedicels slender,
sometimes longer; bracts subulate. Outer sepals subequal ciliate; wings green,
oblique. Capsule broadly obcordate or didymous. Seeds somewhat curved, slightly
hairy ; strophiole half the length of the seed, 3-appendiculate. — The two following forms
of this plant are probably distinct species.
Var. 1. hirsutula, Arn. Pugill. 4 {sp.) ; leaves broadly elliptic-ovate acute flat opaque.
P. elongata /3 hirsutula, Thwaites Enum. 22. P. hypoglauca, Hassk. in Miq. Ann.
Mus. i. 169.
Var. 2 ; leaves linear-oblong acute shining nerved. P. rosmarinifolia and mucro-
nata, Thwaites Enum. 22. P. arvensis /3, Thwaites I.e. 400.
11. "P* elong-ata, Klein in Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 879 ; annual, erect or
ascending, slender, leaves linear or linear-oblong obtuse acute or mucro-
nate, racemes extra-axillary many- flowered longer than the leaves, outer
sepals lanceolate acuminate, wings very oblique. Wall. Cat. 4168 ; DC.
Prodr: i. 322; W. d: A. Prodr. '^S; Thwaites Emm. ^22; Hassk. in Miq.
Ann. Mm. i. 172. P. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4190; W. (k A. Prodr. 38;
Hassk. Lc. P. campestris, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Boi. ii. 40 ; Dalz. <Sc
204 XVI. poLYGALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) [Polygala.
Gibs. Fl. Bomh: 13 {not of Benth.). P. macrostachya and eumekes, Ilassk.
I.e. 171, 172.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan southward. Ceylon, Walker.
Stems 6-10 in., branching from the base, ghibrous pilose or pubescent. Leaves ^-2^
by -\-^\ in., acuminate, margins tl)ickened, costa prominent beneath, upper surface
ol'teu shining. .ft«ce»J?« 3-5 in., laxly many-flowered. Flower a ^m, yeWovf \ pedicels
slender; bracts minute. Outer sepals subequal ; wings equalling the corolla, falcate,
obovate or hatchet-shaped, acute obtuse or acuminate. Capaule didymous, narrower
upwards, na"|towly winged, notched, glabrous. Seeds \\\\w\s \ stropliiole. galeate, appen-
dages 3, ver^small. — P. Wightiana is tlj^ narrower leaved form.
12. P. chinensis, Linn.; annual, erect or diffuse, leaves from orbi-
cular-oblong or obcordate to narrow linear, racemes short axillary and
extra-axillary dense-flowered, flowers horizontal or pendulous, outer sepals
small ovate, wings very oblique acute. P. arvensis, Wllld. Sp. PI. iii. 876 ;
DC. Prodr. i. 326 ; Roxh. Fl. Lad. iii. 218 ; W. d- A. Protlr. i. 36 ; Thwaites
Eaum. 400. ? P. prostata, Willd. I.e. 896 ; DC. I.e. 333. P. Rothiana, W. d' A.
Prodr. i. 37 ; Hasak. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 162. P. Tranquel)arica,
Mart, ex Hb. Wig lit. 135 ; W. d A. Prodr. i. 37. P. glaucoides, W'ujkt in
Wall. Cat. 4171 {^not of Linn.). P. grandiflora, Jib. Wiyhf. ; Wad. Cat. 4175.
P. brachystachya, DC. I.e. 326 (jiot of Blnme). P. procumbens, Both. Nov.
iS}>. 329 ; DC. I.e. 326. P. e^igua, Uas^. i.e. 173.
Throughout India, from the Punjab to Pegu, and in the Western Peninsula, and
Ceylon. — Distkib. Trop. Asia and Australia.
A most variable, usually prncumbent, h-afy, rather stout herb ; 3-10 in. high, glabrous
or pubescent. Leaves excessively variable, ^-2 in. long, sometimes quite obcordate, at
others almost orbicular, rather thick and coriaceous, glabrous, ciliate, hoary, or pubes-
cent, margins usually flat, opaque. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, truncate,
almost capitate. Floimrs |-^ in. long. Wings longer than the suborbicular notched
ciliate narrowly winged capsule, green, falcate, ob>vate, acute, margins membranous.
Crest of corolla often small. Seeds silky ; stropliiole with 3 very short appendi^ges. —
Linnreus having described the crest as unbeardeil, this was not identified by De CandoUe
with Willdenow's arvensis, but was placed in another section of the genus. The speci-
mens in the Linn. Herb, are however decisive. It is linked by either intermediate or
mimicking forms with various other species.
Var. trijiora, Linn. (.S)^), racemes elongate, sometimes twice as long as the leaves,
lax-flowered. P. mnltibracteata. Wall. Cat. 4174. P. rajuosa. -^6. Wight ; Wall. Cat.
4177. P. ciliata, Hb. Wight. P. Kleinii,^//a.«/j. lt,'Mi,i. Ami. Mus. i. 158.— Chiefly
in the Western Peninsula.
Var. brach ystachj/a^J]knne liijd. 59 ( Sp., not of DC.) ; stems very slender prostrate,
leaves very narrow glabrous, racemes very sleufier few-flowered, flowers minute, j^j^ in.
long. Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 157. Malacca, Griffiih. Western Peninsula ?-
(P. glabra, Henne in Herb. Wight.) (Java). — Perhaps a distinct species, the flowers are
reiuarkably small and the habit is peculiar.
13. P. rosxnarinlfolia, W. dh A. Prodi-, i. 37 ; annual, stems many
slender erect or decumbent, leaves narrow linear, racemes axillary and
extra-axillary short erect few-flowered, flowers shortly pedicelled erect,
outer sepals acute, wings obliquely obovate acuminate, capsules ciliate.
Thwaites Enum. 22, 400. P. Tranquebarica, Wiykt in Wall. Cat. 4169.
%V. Arnottiana, !Stend. Nomencl. 370; llassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 159.
P. triflora, Hassk. I.e. 175 {not Linn.). P. linarifolia, Ueyne according to
Hassk. I.e.
Southern parts of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.
Stums many from the root, 4-18 in., twiggy, pubescent. Leaves \-2 in., glabrous or
Polygala."] xvi. roLYGALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) 205
pubescent, narrow-linear very rarely oblong or narrowed to the base, erect, or suberect,
margin often thickened or recurved, midrib strong. Flowers ^ in. long, few, green,
erect, which gives a remarkable habit to the plant. Capsule as in P. chinensis but
usually hairy on the surfaqes as well as on the margins. — The erect leaves and flowers
seem to afford a good character for this.
** Bracts caducous (before flowering). Strophiole 3-appendiculate.
14. P. sibirica, L. ; stems many slender ascending from a perennial
stock, leaves from orbicular to elliptic-lanceolate and linear sliii#ng margins
often recurved, racemes axillary and extra-axillary sub-erect laxly few- or
many-flowered, outer sepals subequal oblong ovate or lanceolate, crest usually
large, wings obliquely oblong or obovate obtuse or acute, capsule rather
broadly winged glabrous not ciliate. I)C. Prodr. i. 324 ; Ledeb. Id. 448.
P. japonica, i/ow^^. Syd. 8, t 62, f. 1 ; DC Ic ; Bassk, in Miq.Ann. Mm. i.
181. P. vulgaris, Thtmb. FL Jap.TH {not of Linn.). P. elegaus. Wall.
Cat. 4186 ; Hassk I.e. 176. P. myrsinites, Royle III. t. 19 A. P. Khasiana,
Bassk. I.e. 176. P. monopetala, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 27 ; Folyg. sp.
3, Grif. ; Notul. iv. 337 ; Ic. PL t. 597. •*
Temp, and Subtrop. Himalaya, alt. 1-6000 ft. (8000 in Sikkim), from the Punjab
and N. W. frontier to Bhotan ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Nilghiri Mts. (var. 1) ;
Ceylon (var. 2). — Distrib. China, Japan, Siberia. J
Very variable, but quite distinct from any other Inaian species, usually best recog-
nised by the shining reticulate upper surfaces of the elliptic-lanceolate leaves, and
slender extra-axillary racemes, rather large (^-^ in.) and conspicuous erect flowers; but
all these characters are excessively variable. /Stems 3-18 in., pubescent. Leaves ^-Jin.
Baremes 1-3 in. ; bracts deciduous or persistent. Outer sepals short or long, obtuse
acute or acuminate. Wings straight or oblique, membranous or subherbaceous, obtuse
or acute, rarely acuminate. Capsules always glabrous, with a broader wing than in
P. chinensis. Seeds pilose; strophiole with usually 3 short appendages.
Var. 1. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 4184 {Sp.) ; stouter, leaves linear oblong coriaceous,
midrib stout, margins usually strongly recurved, wings herbaceous acuminate, appen-
dages of the strophiole larger. — W. & A. Prodr. i. 38. Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i.
160.^^Pulney and Nilghiri Mts. Obviously a form of P. japonica, from which some
specimens are hardly distinguishable.
' Var. 2. macrolophos, Has.^^k. in Miq. Ann, Mus. i. 167('Sp.); stems 1-2 ft. very
slender, leaves 1-l^in. broadly elliptic or lanceolate subacute flat, nerves obscure, outer '
sepals acuminate, wings herbaceous. P. glomerata and pedunculosa, Thwaites Eaum.
400 {not of Lour.). Ceylon, Adam'^ Peak, &c., alt. 4-7000 ft. — A very large form,
quite unlike the usual states.
15. P. telephioides, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 876; annual, stems prostrate
sbort leafy, leaves small glabrous often imbricate very thick obovate or
oblong obtuse or acute, flowers very small fascicled on very short extra-
axillary peduncles, outer sepals acute, wings herbaceous oblique acuminate,
capsule glabrous margined not ciliate. DC Prodr. i. 332 ; W. (^ A. Prodr.
i. 361 P. serpyllifolia, Poir. Did. v. 499 ; DC I.e. 326. P. buxiformis,
Hassk in Miq. Mus. Bot. i. 161.
Western Peninsula, Carnatic, and Travancor ; Ceylon. — Distrib. Indian Archi-
pelago, China, Philippines,
Stems very many from an annual woody root, not exceeding 2-4 in. high in our numerous
specimens from various collectors ; pubescent. Leaves sessile, 4-| in-, margins usually
recurved. Flowers ^ in. long. Capsule ^^ in. long and broad, deeply notched, valves
margined. Seeds minnte, .silky ; strophiole minutely appendagcd. — A very distinct
species, easily recognised by its dwarf stature, the thick short leaves, small flowers and
fruit, and glabrous small capsule that is not winged.
206 XVI. POLYGALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) [Polygala.
16. P. g'lomerata, Lour. Fl. Coch. 426 ; stems tall erect, or ascending,
leaves large from broad-ovate and oblong' to elliptic lanceolate and linear,
racemes extra-axillary very short, 2-3-flowered, flowers drooping, outer
sepals acuminate, wings herbaceous hatchet-shaped acuminate and awned,
cai)sule narrowly winged strongly ciliate. DC. PrcKlr. i. 326, P, densiflora,
Blume Bijd. 59 ; Hassk. in Miq. Mm. Bot. i. 166. P. depauperata, Wall.
Cat. 4180.
Eastern Himalaya, hot valleys of Sikkim, alt. 1-6000 ft. ; Oude ; Assam ; Khasia
Mrs., alt. 0-5000 ft. ; Tenassekim. — Distrih. Eastern Archipelago. China.
Stems many from a woody stock, 1-2 fl. high, densely pubescent, curved. Leaves
very variable, 1^-24 in., flat, glabrous or hairy, not veined, sessile or shortly petioled,
ponietimes cordate. Racemes scattered, small ; peduncles shorter than the flowers,
•which are \-l in. long, green. Outer sfpals subequal, acute, ciliate. Crest very small.
Cap-Hule ^ in. oroad and long, 2-lobed. Seeds large, silk}', obovoid ; strophiole with 3 short
api)endag^. — Thwaitea' specimen named glumerata resembles it in habit, but differs
totally in the capsdip and seed; they no doubt belong to a large state of F.japonica
(see var. elata).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
P. UnarifoUa, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 877 (linearifolia, DC. Prodr. i ^26).
_ P. procumbens, Roth. NoV. Sp. 32'.»; DC. Prodr. i. 326.— Ind. Or.
P. varians, Mart. DC. I.e. 332. — Bengal.
P. umbrosa, Mart. DC. I.e. — Bengal.
P. macrojpetala, Hassk. I.e., perhaps P. japonica, var. 2.
2. SAZ.OMONZA, Lour.
Leafy diffuse annuals, or (Sect. Epirhizanthes) parasites, with leaves
reduced to scales. Flotvers minute, in dense terminal spikes. SejHfls nearly
equal, 2 interior somewhat larger. Petals 3, united at the base with the
staniinal tube, the inferior keel-shaped, galeate, not crested. Stamens 4-5,
filaments united for their lower half into a sheath ; anthers opening by
pores. Ovary 2-celled, each cell with one pendulous ovule. Cajmde much
compressed laterally, 2-celled, loculicidal, margins toothed. Seeds albu-
minous, not or scarcely strophiolate — Distkib. fcjpecies about 8, natives of
Eastern tropical Asia and tropical Australia.
Sect. L Salomonla, DC. Stems leafy.
1. S. cantoniensis, Lour. Fl. Coch. 14 ; stem winged, leaves cordate-
ovate shortly petioled, sjiikes rather lax, capsule with triangular teeth.
Wall. Cat. 4192 ; DC Prodr. i. 334 ; Beutk. Fl.Homjk. 44; Miq. Flor. Ned.
Lad. i. nt. 2, 127 ; Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 144. S. subrotunda, Hassk.
Z.c— Salomonia, sp. 3 in Griff. Notul. iv. 639.
Eastern Bengal; Assam; Khasi/a Mts., alt. 0-4000 ft,; Eastern Peninsula. —
DiSTRiB. Malayan Archipelago.
A weedy erect much-branched diffus6 annual, 3-6 in. Leaves large, paler beneath.
Spikes numerous, terminal, lax below, denser above. Bracts raiimte, early deciduous.
Flotvers minute, quite sessile. Sepals linear subulate. Petals united below, the two
lateral shoiter than ihe keel, (aj).snle very hmall, broader than long, armed with a row
of recurved triangular teeth. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate.
2. S. clliata, DC. Prodr. i. 334; stem furrowed, leaves sessile cordate-
amplexicaul ciliate, spike very dense, capsule with filiform teeth. S. cor-
Salomonia.] xvi. POLYGALE^E. (A. W. Bennett.) 207
data, Arn. Pug. Ind. 4; Wight III. i. t. 22 C; Thwaites Enum. 22 {excl.
synom.) ; Hassk. in Miq, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. i. 145. ] S. angulata, Gi'iff.
Notul. iv. 539. Polygala ciliata, Linn.
Ceylon, in swampy ground.
Stouter than S. cantoniensis . Stem erect, glabrous, furrowed, scarcely winged.
Leaves small, strongly ciliate. Flowers crowded, small, pink, sessile. Sepals lanceo-
late, ciliate. Capsule small, broader than long, with a row of red filiform teeth. Seeds
black, shining, with a small membranous strophiole. — Wight and Arnott are in error
in taking Linnaeus's Polygala ciliata for a true Fohjgala. The specimen in Herb.
Burman. in the British Museum, clearly shows it to be a Salomonia, and identical with
Arnott' s S. cor data.
3. S. oblong-ifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 354; leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceo-
late not ciliate, teeth of capsule filiform. Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Afiis Lugd.-
Bat. i. 147 ; Arn. Pug. Ind. 4 ; Delest Ic. Sel, ill. t. 19. S. sessiliflora,
Ham. in Don Prodr. 2i)l. S. obovata, Wight III. i. t. 22 B. S. canarana,
rigida, '? Horneri, ? uncinata and ? setosar<iiliata, Hassk. I.e. 147, 148, 149.
% S. striata, 8ieb, et Zucc. Abh. d. k. haier. Akad. d. Wiss. iv. 2, 152. S. lep-
tostachya, Wall. Cat. 4193. Polygala canarana and Arnottiana, Hassk. I.e.
SuBTROP. Himalaya, from Nipal to Sikkim ; Khasia Mts. ; Eastern and Western
Peninsulas ; Ceylon. — Distrib. Malayan Arcbipelago, Australia.
A simple or branched annual. Leares larger than in S. ciliata, sessile, not cordate,
margins with a few long distant hairs. Bracts linear, ofteiT persistent at time of
flowering. Flowers crowded, small, pink. Sepals nearly equal, lanceolate, slightly
ciliate. Lateral petals much shorter than keel. Capsule small, with a row of red teeth.
Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate.^-Very near the last, but probably distinct.
4. S. edentula, DC. Prodr. i. 334 ; stem much-branched winged,
leaves cordate-triangular very shortly petioled, capsule scarcely toothed.
Hassk. in Miq. Ami. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. \. 146; Wall. Cat. 4194. S. petiolata,
Ham. in Don Prodr. 200.
Nipal, Wallick.
A low, glabrous annual. Sjjikes lax below, denser above. Flowers minute. Bracts
minute, deciduous. Sepals very small, ovate. Lateral p)€tals broad and nearly as
long as the galeate keel. Capsule very small, membranous, not ciliate, minutely
toothed. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate.
Sect. II. Epirhizantlies, Blum£ (gen.). Parasitic ; leaves or re-
duced to scales.
5. S. apliylla, Griff, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 342. S. parasitica, Griff.
Notul. iv. 538. S. tenella, Hook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 158.
Malacca and Tenasserim, Griffith. — Distrib. Borneo.
A brown parasite, associated with Thismia Brunijniaaa and a Burmannia (GrifF.),
Stem 3-6 in., ascending, sparingly divided. Leaves reduced to a few distant brown
scales. Spikes numerous, elongated, very- dense. Bracts minute, persistent after
flowering. Flowers minute, brown. Sepals distinct, broadly ovate. Capsule mem-
branous, broader than long, not ciliate. Seeds minute, black, with a small appendicu-
late strophiole.
3. SBCURZDACA, Linn.
Shrubs, almost always scandent. Flowers in terminal or axillary usually
compound racemes. Sej^als deciduous, 2 inner {wings) larger and petaloid.
Lateral 2^etals nearly or (piite distinct from the galeate crested keel, superior
petals 0. Stamens 8, filaments united ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by
208 XVI. poLYGALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) [Seeuridaca.
oblique'pores. Ovary l-celled, 1-ovuled. Fruit a 1-celled samara, 1-seeded,
wing broad coriaceous. Seeds exalbuiuinous, estrophiolate. — Distrib.
Species about 25 ; most numerous in tropical America, rarer in tropical
Africa and Asia.
Wall. Cat. 4196; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong
ni?o^ |itely Dubescen'^ beneath, flowers in loose subcorymbose panicles, wings
elliptic. ^^Sw- scaudens, JIam. in Wall. Cat. 4195 {not of Jacq.) ; Ilassk. in
Jliq. Awi. J/^ITlsJi^). 8. paiiiculata, Wall, {not of Lamk.). 8. inappendi-
culata, Ilassk. PL Jav^ar^^i^. Lopliostylis javanica, Mi(q. Fl. Ned. Ind. i.
pt. 2, 128.
Eastern Bengal, from 8ilhet and CffWiagong to Rangoon. — Distrib. Java, China.
A large woody scandeut shrub; brancUj^a'^iate, bninchlets puberuloua. Leaves
3-5 by 14-2 in., generally acuminate, ^Tbroul, paler beneath. Flmvers \ in., the
lower with considerably longer (4 in.) pedicels than the upper. Outer sejials nearly
equal, ovate, shortly ciliate ; wings elliptic, obtuse. Lateral pel als, adn&ie at the base
to the keel, truncate ; keel with a conspicuous but scarcely fimbriate crest. Ovary
orbicular; style unilateral, curved at right angles near the tip. Samara 2^-3 j in.;
nucleus very rugose ; wiug very large and strongly veined, oblique, tip rounded, margin
eutire, veins arched.
2. S. bracteata, A, W. Benn. ; leaves elliptic puberulous beneath,
flowers in panicled racemes, wings orbicular, wing of fruit strongly veined.
Malacca, Main gay.
A large scandeut shrub; branches terete, hoary-pubescent. Leaves elliptic, acu-
minate, margins revolute when dry, beneath finely pubescent glaucous. Flowers 4 in.,
pedicels ^ iu- Bracts ovate, acuminate, pubescent, persistent after fioweriiig. Outer
sepals nearly equal, lar^e ovate, very hairy, ciliate ; wings scarcely twice as long,
pubescent externally. Lateral petals truncate; keel with a recurved, plaited crest.
Ocarij orbicular; style curved. Fruit unknown. /Samara 3-34 i"-» similar to that of
S. Taooyana, but contracted for a longer space above the nucleus.
4. TaZGONZASTRUM, Miquel.
A shrub or small tree. Leaves hoary beneath. Flowers in slender ter-
minal panicles. Fetah 5, unequal, the inferior keel-sliaped. Stamens 5,
filaments united into a sheath. Ovary densely hairy, 3-locular ; ovules
pendulous, solitary in each cell. Fruit of 3 samaroid ultimately almost
distinct carpels. Seeds 1 in e^ch carpel, not strophiolate.
1. T. hypoleucum, Miq. FL Ned. Ind. SuppL i. 395. Isopteris penan-
giana. Wall. Cat. 72(51.
Penang, Porter; Malacca, Maingay.
Branches slender, teiete ; branchlets hoary. Leaves 4-7 by 1^-24 in., elliptic-
lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, pale beneath and with very fine adpressed pubescence ;
petiole iV-g ^"- Panicles much branche.l, lax, slender. Flowers \ in. diam., shortly
pedioelled, tomentose. SepaU 5, 2 exterior rather larger. Ovary densely htiiry.
Samara 2 in. long, membranous, dimidiate-obovate, strongly reticulate, shinijig;
nucleus small.
5. XANTKOFKVZ.X.UM, Roxburgh.
Timber-trees. Leaves large, coriaceous, generally yellow-green. Sepals
5, nearly equal. Petals 5 or 4, nearly equal, the inferior keel-shaped, not
crested. Stamens 8, distinct, 2 hypogynoas, 6 attacLied to the base of the
petals. Ovary stipitate, i-ceiled ; style curved ; ovules various in number
'Jiojithophyllum,] xvi. POLYOALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) 209
and insertion. Fruit 1-celled, indeliiscent, 1-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous,
estrophiolate. — Disteib. Species about 15. Moat abundant in the Archi-
pelago and Malacca; a lew species are Continental Indian, and one is
N. Australian.
♦Ovules 4-8, rarely more (8-14 in X. afflne).
1. X. flavesoens, Roxh. Cor. PL iil t. 248 ; leaves coriaceous elliptic-
lanceolate not glaucous beneath yellow-green when dry," .Jianicle ditfuse
closely pubescent, sepals unequal, ovary and style strigose, fruit glabrous.
W.<ih A. Frodr. 39. X. panic ulatum, Mi/iuel Ft. Ned. Ind. Sappl. i 39 3,
X. Arnottianum, undulatum, and Roxburghianiim, WigM III. i- 50; Bed-
dome Flor. Sylvat. (A/ial.) t. 3. — Ulieede Hort. Malab. iv. t. 23.
East Bengal ; Silhet, and Chittagong. Western Peninsula. Cevmn. — DiStrib.
Sumatra, Java.
A timber tree. Leaves 4-7 by 1^-3 in., shining above, less so and veins much reti-
culated beneath, with 6-7 principal nerves ou each side, and more or less scattered
perforated glands (which are sometimes absent) at the axils of the nerves or elsewhere.
Flowers 4-4 ID- long, yellow ; pedicels very vanable, ^§ in. Sepals unequal, subor-
bicular, finely tomentoae. Ovary globose, densely stngObe ; ovules 4, 2 erect and 2
pendulous, or more numerous and subhoiizontal. Fruit globose, | in. diam., and up-
wards, walls \ery thick, green. — Very vanable. 1 am unable to distinguish between
Roxburgh's flavescens and tnrens, both usually having pitted glands on the leaf beneath,
except by the long pedicels of the latter, the Ceylon speitimena of which have 4 ovules,
and the Silhet oius usually the same, whilst the Peninsula ones vary 4-9, and Suma-
tran specimens are 4-ovuled.
Var. 1. Jlavescetis proper ; leaves broad, panicle close axillary or terminal, pedicels
fihort, ovules 4-12. Chittagong and Western Peninsula (Sumatra, Java).
Var. 2. angustifolium, Wight 111. 5U, t. 23 («/>.)» leaves narrower, ovules usually 4.
Beddome M/Sylvat. Anal Gen. t. 3.
Vak. 3. virens, Roxb. Cor, PI. t. 248 (sp.); panicles short supra-axillary, pedicels
very slender, ovules 4. X. flavescens, Boxb. ? ; Wight I.e. ; Beddoms Fl. Sylvat. Anal.
Gen. t. 3. Ceylon, Silhet; Paupanassum hills (Travancor ?), alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome.
2. X. alRne* Korth.in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 271; leaves coriaceous oblong-
or elliptic-lauceolate not glaucous beneath yellow-green when dry, panicles
axillary and terminal ditfuse tomentose, sepals unequal, ovary g.abrous,
style strigose. X. flavescens, Wall. Cat. 4198, not of Moxb.
Eastern Peninsula ; Tenasserim to Malacca and Penang, Wallieh, &c. — Dibtrib.
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
So like the A.Jlanescens, that the larger lea \res, rather larger flowers, more tomen-
toae calyx, and glabrous larger ovary, alone distinguish it in the dried state. The
ovules vary from 8-14, and the fmit is quite glabrous, green, globose and thick-
walled.
.3. X. grlauouniy Wall. Cat. 4199 ; branches very slender, leaves usually
membranous elliptic or lancei)late acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves very
numerous 8-10 on each side, panicle large open lax, branches long tomen-
tose, calyx pubescent or tomentose, ovary and style strigose, fruit glabrous.
Hassle, in Mui. Ann. Mus. i. 193.
Eastern Pehi.nsula ; Bangoon and Tenasserim in moist p'aces.
A small tree; branches terete, very slender, dark red-brown, glabroua. Leaves
3-4 by 1-1^ in., rather abruptly acuminate, quite glabrous, finely reticulate ; petiole
slender, J in. Panicle 1 ft., with long spreading very slender tomentose simple
branches. Flowers |-^ in. diam., and slender pedit-els pnlescent, pale when dry.
Ovary sessile, covered with dense atrigOiie hairs, ovules 4. Fru't much smaller than
in X.flavtscens, i-i in. diam., quite smooth and glabrous. — Easily distmguished by its
VOL. 1. P
210 XVI. POLYGALE^. (A. W. Bennett) [Xanthophi/Uur
Blender habit, and glaucous membranous leaves, which are very pale beneath, with
uuiucrous slender much reticulated veins.
4. X. Orlffitbli, Hook. /. ; branches usually robust, leayes very coria-
ceous elliptic or elliptic lanceolate acute or acuminate with few (5-6) prin-
cipal nerves on each side glaucous beneath, panicle spreading tomentose,
calyx pubescent, oVary and style strigose.
Mebgui, Griffith, Heifer; Malacca, Maingay.
Very touch more robust than X. glaucum, with very coriaceous leaves, 3-6 in.
long; branches very dark brown, smooth, terete ; branchlets often extra-axillary with
two opposite lateral corinceous oblong scalffs at the base (persistent first leaves of
the bud). Floioera nearly ^ in. long, on short stout pedicels, smaller in the Mergui
specimens, and darker when dry. iSepals orbicular ovate, -subequal. PetaU Hnear-
spathulate, elabroua, except the pubescent keel. Ovary sessile and style strigose,
ovules 4. Fruit in a Mergoi species the size of a pea, slightly pubescent, shining
(perhaps immature).
Lar^e leaved specimens of this or a closely allied species,, gathered in the Andamans
by Heifer, but without flowers, resemble the leaves of X acuminatissimufii, Miquel.
5. X. Kaingrayi, Hook. f. ; branches very slender, leaves membranous
elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate not glaucous betieatb, prin-
cipal nerves 5-6 on each side, racemes slender simple and panicled, calyx
pubescent, ovary and style strigose, fruit densely puoescent.
MAiiACCA, Griffith, Maingay.
Branches glabrous, pale yellow-brown, branchlets tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by lJ-14
in., pule green when dry, sometimes almost white beneath, but .scarcely glaucous ;
petiole very slender, ixr-\ in. Bacemes 1-2 in., axillary and terminal, the latter often
panicled, branches very slender finely pubescent with pale buff down. Flowers lax,
iin. long; pedicels short, slender. Sepals unequal, orbicular-ovate, -obtuse, buff-pubescent.
IPetaU glabrous, except the keel. Ovary and style strigose, ovules 4. Fruit § in.
diam., globose ; walls thick, rugose when dry.
** Ovules numerous. (See also 2. A", affiiie.)
t Flowers panicled.
6. X. atlpitatum, A. W. Benn. ; branches very slender, leaves mem-
branous elliptic obtusely caudate-acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves indis-
tinct, racemes sparingly branched pubescent, calyx puberulous ciliate, ovary
cottony stipitate.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branchlets glabrous, dull brown. Leaves 2 by | in., dull pale leaden-brown when
dry, rather corinceous, shining above, opaque beneath, witn very obscure nerves;
petiole tV in. Panicle sparingly branched ; branches long, slender. Flowers ^ in. long,
dull red, shorter than the slender pedicels. Sepals subequal, broadly oblong, obscurely
puberulous. Pe<a& about twice as long, ciliate when young. Filaments yHIouh hehw
the middle. Ovary narrowed into u glabrous stipes, and base of style loosely clothed
%rith white cottony hairs; ovules 10-12.
7. X. rufiiin, A. W. Benn.; branchlets stoutand leaves beneath rusty or
rufous pubescent, leaves very coriaceous elliptic-ovate or oblong acuminate,
nerves oeneath lew very stout, panicle large and calycea red- tomentose,
ovary arid style densely villous, fruit pubescent.
Malacca, Maingay,
A lai'ge tiiiiber tree; branchlets very stout, densely tomentose. Leaves 6-7 by
1^-3 in., clothed beneath with soft spreading pubescence, especially on the costa and
nerves (6 on each side), -pale yellow when dry, upper surface opaque, under paler;
Xanth&phyllum.l XVI. POLYOALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) 211
petiole J-4 in. Panicle 6-10 in., branches stout, densely clothed with yellow-brown
tonienturn; branohlets and calyces riiddy; brown. Flowers f in. long; pedicels
shorter than the sepals, bracts large, oblong. Sepalt subequal, coriaceous, orbicular,
deciduous, densely tomentose within and without. Petals three times as long, nar-
rowlv falc§,te-lanceolate, glabrous, except the broad toraentose keel. Filaments pilose
at the bage. Ovary sessile, rigid (when dry) and style densely pubescent to the top •.
ovules 14-16. Fruit dry (immature obscurely angled).
ft Fl&wen racemosey racemes rarely panided.
8. X. obaourum, A. W. JBenn. ; branchlets stout, leaves very thickly
coriaceous stout-petioled oblong obtuse glabrous dark brown when dry,
racemes very short stout axillary few-flowered, calyx glabrous ciliate, ovary
and style glabrous.
SiscAPOEE, Maingay.
A large timber tree ; branchlets woody, glabrous Leaves 5-7 by 2-4 in., exceed-
ingly thick, shining above, nerves 8-10 on each side reticulate, dark brown when dry ;
petiole \ in., very stout. liacemes 1-1^ in., stout, suberect, dark, few-flowered.
Flowers ^-i in. long. /SiepaZs unequal, orbicular, tips minutely ciliate. Petals all
spathulate, subequal, glabrous, except on the claw and pubescent keel. Ovary ovoid
and style quite glabrous ; ovules 15-16 {Maingay).
d. X. Inslgrnef A. W. Benn. ; branchlets stout glabrous, leaves long-
petioled very coriaceous ovate or ellii)tic-oblong obtuse glabrous, racemes
simple short stout axillary and terminal, pedicels curved, sepals ciliate,
ovary sessile and style glabrous.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree, not lofty : trunk thick ; branchlets qt^ite glabrous. Leaves 5-6 by If -2 J In.,
base acute, dark brown when .dry, shining above, nerves 6-8 on each side, loosely
reticulate ; petiole f-1 in., very thick. Jtacemes 3-4 in., sometimes panided at the
ends of the branches. Flowers A-| in. long, handsome, almost black when dry.
Sepals unequal, suborbicular, puberuious. Petals spathulate, subequal, except the keel
■which is larger and silky near the tip ; claw pubescent. Ovary ovoid ; style slightly
curved ; ovules 12-14.
10. X» elliptioum, Korih. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 276; wholly glabrous,
leaves rather coriaceous elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-
acuminate not glaucous beneath .strongly reticulate, racemes simple stout
suberect, calyx ovary style and thin- walled fruit perfectly glabrous.
Malacca, <?n^f A.— DisTRiB. Borneo.
Branchlets slender or stout. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in., glossy above, very strongly
reticulated on both surfaces, principal nerves about 6 on each side, pale brown when
dry ; petiole \ in. Racemes 1-3 it., racbis rather stout, angled. Flowers ^ in. long,
almost black when dry; pedicels equalling the calyx. Sepals orbicular, subequal,
very coriaceous. Petals twice as long, very narrow, all quite glabrous. FVnments
Slabrous. Ovary and slender style perfectly glabrous; ovules 12-14. Fruit % in.
iam., sessile, chestnnt-brown when dry with thin crustaceous walls. — There is a very
faint pubescence on the buds and pedicels of the Boi-nean specimens.
Order XVII. FRANKENIACEJE. (By M. P, Edgeworth, F.L.S.)
Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs, with articulale branch<*R.
Zeaves opposite, small, exstipulate. Flowers small, solitary in tlie forks of
the branches, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx gamosepalous, persistent with
4-^ divisions, iiidupUcate valvate in bud. P^i^/s equalling the .sepals in
number, hypogynous, free ; claw with an adherent scale, imbricated in bud.
P2
212 XVII. FRANKENiACE^. (M. P. Ed{^eworth.)
Stamens 4 or more, free, or connate at the base ; anthers versatile, 2-celle(i.
Ovary free, sessile, 1 -celled ; style slender, stigma 2-5-lobed ; ovules many
in two rows, amphitropous with the micropyle below ; funiclos slender.
Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, opening by as many valves as there
are placentas. Seeds oolong or ovoid, hilum sub-terminal, raphe linear,
testa cnistaceous ; embryo straight, in the centre of mealy albumen. — A
single genus, with about 12 species, natives of dry sandy and especiaUy
saline tracts.
1. FAAXTKENXA, Linn.
1. X". pulvemlenta, Linn. ; annual, prostrate, leaves obovate retuse
or hoary beneath, calyx glabrous. — Bous. Fl. Orient, i. 779.
Plains of the Punjab and Sindh, on Sola land. — Distrib. Eastward to S. Enrope,
Senegal, and S. Africa.
A slender, exceedingly branched, diffuse herb ; branoheB wiry, leafy, 6-18 in. long.
Leaves J-^ in., very shortly petioled. Ftoxoera pink, shorter than the leaves. Calyx
cylindric, strongly ribbed. Petals small.
Order XVIII. CARYOPHYLUCJC. (By M. P. Edgoworth,F.L.S.,
& J. D. Hooker.)
Herbs, rarely undershrubs ; branches opposite, usually jointed and
thickened at the joints. Leaves opposite, quite entire or serrulate, often
connate ; stipules scarious or 0. Flowers rarely 1 -sexual. S^-pals 4-5, free or
connate, imbricate in bud. PetaJs 4-5, rarely 0, inserted on a hypogynous
ring, rarely perigynous. Starnem 8 or 10, rarely fewer, inserted with the
petals ; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel oi)ening lengthwise. Dkk small and
annular, or elongated into a gynophore, or broken up into glands. Ovary
free, 1 -celled, or imperfectly 3-6-celled ; styles 2-^5, free, or connate
into a single style, stigmatose on the inner side ; ovules 2 or many, on
slender basal funicles, or with the funicles united into a column, amphi-
tropous. Cufjsu^e niembr.anous or crustaceous, rarely fleshy, opening by
valves equal in number or double that of the styles, rarely indehisceut or
bursting irregularly. Seeds few or many, rarely solitary, reniforin globose
obovoid or flattened on one side ; hilum marginal or central, albumen
niealv, rarely fleshy ; embryo usually more or less curved and surrounding
the albumen, nearly straight in the discoid seeds, cotyledons narrow incum-
bent, rarely accumbent.— Distrib. Cosmo[)olitan, but chiefly Arctic, AJ pine,
European and W. Asiatic ; Genera 35, species about 8(X).
Teibe I. SlleneaB, CoZyjc gamosepalous, 4-5-lobed. Petals clsiwed &nd
stamens inserted on an elongate gynophore (rarely sessile). Styles free. —
Stipules 0.
Subtribe 1. DiANTHEiE. Capsule dehiscent ; styles 2. Seeds peltate,
hilum facial ; embryo straight.
Calyx bracteate, striate 1. Dianthus.
Calyx bracteate or not, 5-16-nerved 2. Tunica.
Subtribe 2. Drypide^. Capsule indehiscent. Hilum lateral ; embryo
curved.
Calyx 5-15-nerT«d. Styles i . . . . . . 3. Acakthopuyli^hi,,
XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edgeworth <fe Hook, f.) 213
Subtribe 3. Lychnide^. Capsule bursting by short or long valves.
Hiluui larteral ; embryo annular.
Calyx 5-nerv0d. Capsule 1 -celled, deeply 4-valved ; styles 2-3 4. Gypsophila.
Calyx veined. Capsule shortly 4-valved ; styles 2 . . . . 5. Saponakia.
Calyx^ lO-oo -nerved. Capsule partially 3-celled, shortly 3-6-
valved ; styles 3 .6. Sil.enb.
Calyx 10- nerved. Fruit fleshy ; styles 3 7. Cucubalds.
Calyx lO-nerved. Capsule shortly 4-5- or 8-10-valved ; styles 5 8. Lychnis.
Tktoe II. AlsineflB. Sepals free, or connate at the base only. Fetah
subsessile and stamens inserted on au annular disk, rarely perigynous.
tSti/les free.
* Sii/mles 0. Sepals free. Stamens hypogynoTis.
Petals jagged. Capsule cylindric or conic, 6-valved. Styles 3.
Seeds many, connpressed 9. Holosteum.
Petals notched or entire. Capsule cylindric or conic, 8-10-
valved. Styles 3-5, opposite the sepals. Seeds many . .10. Cerastium.
Petals 2-fid. Capsule globose ovoid or oblong. Styles 3-5.
Seeds few or many 11. Stellaria.
Petals entire. Capsuje depressed, l-seeded Styles 2 . . .12. Brachystemma.
Petals entire or lacerate. Capsule of SteUaria. Styles usually
2-3. Seeds many 13. Arenaeia.
Petals entire, minute or 0. Capsule 4-5-valved. Stamens and
styles 4 or 5 opposite the sepals 14. Sagina.
** Stipules 0. Sepals connate heloro into an obconic tvbe^ hearing the
ttaniens.
Petals 0. .... .15. Thylacospermum.
*** Stipules scariotis. Sepals free.
Petals entire. Styles 3 or 5. Capsules 3- or 5-valved . .16. Spergdla.
Tribe III. Polycarpeee. Se^^als free. Petals subsessile and stamens
inserted on an annular disk. Styl^ 3-2, combined. Stipules scarious, rarely
obsolete.
Sepals not keeled. Petals 2-6-fid . 17. Drymaria.
Sepals keeled. Petals entire. Style 3-fid 18. Polycarpon.
Sepals scarious, not keeled. Stigma 3-toothed . '. . . . 19. PoLYCAfiPJBA.
1. DZANTKXrS, Linn.
Herbs, usually perennial. Leaves linear. Flowers terminal, solitary or in
panicled cymes. CWj/a: tubular, 5-toGthed, nely striated (with 7-9 or 11
nerves to each tooth) ; base embraced by 2 or more imbricating bracts.
Petals viith. a long claw; blade entire or tooth ?d or fimbriate, claw without
a scale. Stamens 10. Disk a long-stalked gynophore. Ovary 1-ceUed ;
styles 2, (Jajfside cylindric oblong or ovoid, 4-toothed or valved. Seeds
orbicular or discoid, plane or concave, imbricated on the columnar placenta ;
embryo straight, excentric. — Distrib. Species about 70, natives of the
N. temp, zone exclusive of Western N. America.
D. chinetuii L. {D. glaucus, Hb. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 656) is commonly cultivated in
India.
214 XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEiB. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Dianthus.
* Petals entire crenate or toothed, not fimbriate.
t PeicUs stnooth, surface not bearded.
1. I>. Cavyopbyllus, Linn. ; leaves channelled, margin quite even,
cymes loosely. panicled, bracts 4 broadly obovate mucronate 3-4 times shorter
than the calyx, petals toothed and crenate. (Carnation or Clove Pink.)
Punjab at Attok, Falconer; ? Balti, »It 7-8000 ft., Thornton. — Distkib. Westward
to mid-Etirope.
Perennial, glabrous, glaucous ; stems 18^24 in., branched and leafy below. Leaves
4- 6 by 4 hi. Floijc^r» 1-1^ in. diana., fragrant. C<^^ l~li i^** teeth acute. Petals
obovate, rosy, teeth ^-j^ the length of t^ blade. Capgide ovoid. — Thomson's Balti
specimens are very old, and if pmperly referred here, belong to a form with more
numerous bracts.
2. O. Faloonerl, Edg^w. ; leaves chatmelled serrulate, flowers snb-
oolitary, bracts 4 rarely 6 broad-ovate long-cuspidate 3-4 times shorter than
the calyx, petals finely toothed.
Western TipET ; Astor and Deotnu, Falconer, &c.
Sbrubby below ; stems l-'^ ft., stout, rij^id, dichotomously branched. Leaves 3-6 by
A in., l-H-nerved. Flowers smaller than in />. Car>/opkyUus. Calyx 2 in., otrongly
striate ; bracts suddenly contracted into the long cusp.
3. ]>. CaohemirlouB, Edgew. ; .leaves dbannelled, margin thickened
serrulate, flowers solitary or few, bracts 4 lanceolate with a long eusiform
often loliaceous point sometimes equalling the calyx.
Ka3bmir, Falconer.
Hceins much branched from the base, more slender than D. Ealconeri, erect. Leaves
1-14 in- 1 very narrow, midrib beueath stout. Bracts with either very slender points or
long leafy ones. Calyx 1 in , teeth ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, margins scarious.
JPttdls large, obovate ; blade 4-§ by 1 in., margin toothed or almost entire.
4. Z>. anatollcus, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i 489 ; small, slender, leaves
very narrow margin much thickened serrulate, bracts 6 (4-8) very broad
cuspidate \-^ shorter than the calyx.
Western Tibet, Falconer ; Dras, 8-10,000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Armenia.
Densely tufted ; stock woody, short, much branched; stems 6-10 in., very slfender,
strict, 1-' or more-flowered. Leaves \-\ in., rigid, slender, with a very thick midrib and
margin. Bracts with sometimes ioliticeous poiuts. Calyx ^ in., teeth Hubacuie. Petals
rosy, blade small, broad, crenate-toothed.
5. ]>. Jacquemontii, Edgew. ; leaves narrow, radical serrulate, cauline
with thickened obscurely serrulate margins, bracts 4 very broaa obtuse
acute or cuspidate \ the length of the calyx, calyx-teeth pungent.
Western Himauaya, Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Jacquemomt^ &c.
Sttms 4-10 in., many from a tufted woody stock, rather slender. Leaves 1-1 ^ in.»,
coriaceous, green when dry, tiat above, acute. FUncers usually solitary. Bracts sud-
denly Contracted into a point wiiich is sometimes thickened and quite obtuse. Calyx
J-l in., teeth long, with rigid tips. Petals broad, rather deeply toothed. Near £),
Liboschitzianus, beringe, of the Caucasus, but diflers in the toothed petals.
6? ]>. deltoides, L. ; glabrous, leaves linear acute obscurely serrulate,
bracts 2, calyx | in., petals toothed.
Wbstern Tibet; Lance. — Distrib. (of Z>. deltoides, Western Europe).
Specimens very imperfect, but apparently identical with the European plant, which
▼Aries from glabious to pubescent, and very much in the length of the bracts, which m
'.jAQce's specimen are ^-| the length of the calyx, and coloured.
I>ianthus.\ xviTi. CARVOPHYLLE^. (Edgeworth <fe Hook, f.) 215
tt Surf (tee ofpetah bearded or pubescent.
1. I>. Segruierl, VOX. ; Bcnss. Fl. Orient, i. 504 ; leaves broad, flowers
usually fascicled, bracts 4-6 \-\ the length of the calyx, with leafy points.
Western Tibet, Ladak, Stewart. — Disteib. Siberia, Caucasus, Greece-
Stem 6-10 in., leafy, erect, simple or paniculately branclied. Leaves strict, linear,
obscurely 5-nerved. Flowers usually surrounded with leafy bracts below the 4-6
ovate abruptly cuspidate ones, which are themselves often tipped with an herbaceous
point. Calyx teeth mucronate. Petals rosy, blade obovate acutely toothed.
** Petals fimbriate.
8. ]>. fimbriatua, Bieherst. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient: i 495 ; rigid, leaves
rather broad subacute obscurely serrulate, bracts 6-8 short broad-ovate
acute, calyx f-1 in., petals fimbriate for | the length of the blade.
WESTERN Tibet; Falconer. ~Di&r rib. N. Persia, Caucasus.
Stock stout, woody, often elongate, much branched and sufFruticose ; stems many,
strict, erect, 6-10 in. ,4 -flowered. Leaves f-1^ in., rigid, erect,. Bracts ^ the length
of the "calyx, sometimes cuspidate. Calyx-teeth long, lanceolate, pungent. Petals
white, fading into lilac or pink.
9. I>. angrulatua, Hoi/le III. 79 ; rigid, leaves linear acute serrulate,
bracts 4-6 ovate acuminate or the lower cuspidate, calyx ^-| in., petals
fimbriate for | the length of the blade.
Western Himalaya, from Kuriawar to Kishtwar, and in Piti and Zanskar, alt.
7-13,000 ft.
Quite similar to I>. Jimbriatm, and probably a variety of that plant, with the bracts
often coloured and varying exceedingly in length, from ;J-4 the length of the calyx,
which rarely exceeds ^, and never | of an inch.
Var. 1. bracts rather lax ovate suddenly cuspidate.
Var. 2. bracts with a foliaceous point ^-| the length of the calyx, leaves dark green,
cauline S in., petals less deeply cut. Habit of Z>. deltoides. — Kishtwar.
Var. 3. incertus, Jacquem. Herb. (sp.);. brabts 4 rarely 6 lax ovate acamiuate
i-4 the length of the^ calyx, petals not so deeply cut. — Jiunawar.
10. ]>. crinitus, Smith; Boi$s.Fl. Orient, i. 496 ; bracts 4-8 lanceolate
long-acumiuate, calyx 1-^iu., teeth long lanceolate, petals fimbriate nearly
to the base of the blade.
Western Punjab ; Salt Range, Fleming, &c. ; Peshawur, Vicary, &c. We.stbrn
TrsET, Falconer. — Distrib. Beluchistun, Turkestan, and westward to'the Levant.
Suffruticose below; branches rigid, 8-18 in., few flowered. Leaves rigid, acute,
cauline usually siiorter than the joints. Bracts ^-4 the length of the calyx, acute or
cuspidate. Petals white, sweel-scented, 8egraent8 capillary.
D. barhatiis, Linn., is enumerated by Royle, together with D. caucasicus, Sims, but
both are unknown to us as Indian plants.
2, TUNICA, Scopoli
Annual or perennial slender herbs. Cali/x tubular, 6~ H 5-) toothed, with
or without imbricate bracts. Petals 5, clawed, graffually widering into the
entire or emarginate limb. Slicmena W. T(yrtt^smaM (>var;/ 1 -ceiled; styles
2 ; ovules numerous. CapsuU oblong, dehiscing by 4 teeth, many-seeded.
Seeds discoid or orbicular, peltate ; embryo straight. — Distrjb About 10
species, chiefly South European and West Asiatic.
216 x^'ni. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgewoith & Hook, f.) [Timiea
1. T. Btricta, Bunge ; Boiss, FL Orient, i. 521 ; annual, erect, leaves
linoar-spatLulate, margiufj scabrous, cauUne linear, flowers subsolitary
ebracteate, calyx 5-ribbed. Ledeh. Ic. FL Boss. t. 5.
Kashmir, Falconer^ &c. — Distrib. Sonngaria, Altai, Persia, Asia Minor.
Glabrouh, 12-18 in., branched from the base. Badical leaves ^-!^ in., many, short.
Cymes strict, j nd their branches slender quite erect. Flowers ^ in. Jong; pedicels
often exceeding the glabrous turbinate calyx. PetcUs white, liuear-obloug, entire.
^Secds boat-shaped, wrinkled on the edges and keel.
3. ACANTXOPRTZ.XiirK, C. A. Meyer.
Perennial, densely tufted acerose or spiny-leaved lierbs or shrubs. Flowei'S
solitary or in panicled or fascicled cymes, the lateral or all with 2-ti bra^^ts.
Calyx tubular or turbinate, 5-toothed or lobed, 5-15-nerved. Petals 5, ex-
serted, narrow, 8j)athulate ; claw long, widening into 'the -entire or notched
liinb. Stamens 10. V^j^^ short or produced into a short gynophoro. (yvanj
1-celled, 4-10-ovuled ; styles "z. Capsule ovoid or oblong, indehiscent or
with 4 small teeth, 1-2-seeded. i:yte(h subrenifonu, laterally compressed,
hilum marginal; embryo annular.— Distkib. About ] 7 species; natives of
Western and Central Asia, most numerous in Allghunistan.
1. A. macrodon, Fdgew. ; hoary, leares spinous, flowers solitary,
bracts 4 linear with scarious margins.
WaTiaristan in the Punjab, Steuart. — Distrir. Affghanistan, Griffifh.
^ A tufted excesbively spinous herb, minutely pubescent. Leuvrn bonz>ntal, ^-J in.,
rigid with acerose tips, yalf ^i-een, flat above, convex on the back, iV ^V >"• tli«*ni- at
the baBO. Flowertt ro.sy, J m. long, terminal ; bracts Kquarrose, pungent, n-curved,
reaching as high as the calyx lobes, ^'ali/x cylindric, hoarj, lobes Kubulate-lanceolaie,
recurved, acerose, with very u.'vrrow scarious edges. Petals narrow.
' 4. ^CI-7PSOPRZX.A, Linn.
Perennial or annual, (men glaucous herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves usually
flat, very rarely subulate, "^^jwn'sm panicled cymes, rarely solitary in the
forks. Ctflt/x turbinate tubulaiyor, canipanulate, .5-tootlied or -lobed, with
6 broad ^reen nerves and membp^nous interspaces. PttaU o, claw narrow ;
limb entire or notched, without (rarely with) a scale. Dink small. Ovary
1-celled ; styles 2 (rarely 3) : ovules uiauy. Capsule 4-valved to or below
the middle, few- or many-seeded. 6Vc(/.s subrenifonu, hilum lateral; embryo
annular.— DisTRiR Species about 50, European and W. Asiatic.
Sect. I. Pseudacanthopbyllum. Undershrubs. Lexive* pungent or
acerose. Calyx ovoid or oblung-campanulate.
1. Cr. Ptewartii, Thorns. ; puberulous, leaveg \ in. subulate acerose,
convex beneath, flowers subcapital e, bracts equalling the calyx-tube.
Wazaristan in the Punjab, alt. 3-4000 ft., Stewart. — l>\m\i\Yi. Affghanistan
(Turuak valley).
A small green densely tutted spinous perennial. Leaves spreading, flat above,
points glabrous polished. Oymes on short peduncles, 8-15-flow/^red; bracts narrow-
sululate. Calyx ^ in., ovoid, glabrous, 5-ribbed ; teeth long, slender, subulate. Petal4
half as long again as the calyx; blade pink, linear-oblong.-— Closely allied to G. erinacea^
Boiss. (oi Affghanistan), but much smaller, with crowded Mowers, and glabrous calyeoa
with longer subulate teeth.
Gypsophila.] xviii. caryophylle^. (Edg^eworth & Hook, f,) 217
Sect, f I. Beterochroa. Herbs. Leaves flat. Cfdnx cajnpanulate 6-fid.
2. G. sedifolia, Kurz. in Flora, 1872, 285 ; perennial, tufted, hoary all
over, leaves linear obtuse, cymes capitate. G. Tibetica, H.f. dc T. Herb.
hid. Or.
Western Tibet, Zanskar and Bras, alt. 9-13,000 ft., Thomson.
Hoot very stout, woody, witli very many short tufted pointed decnmbent brancheg
Sterna pale. Leaves fas^cided, | in., nerveless, rather thick, pruinose. Heads of cymes
^-\ in., on elongated branches 1-3 in. diani. ; bracts linear, obtuse. Calyx ^^ in.,
,5-lf'bed, teeth obtuse, margins scarious. Capsule not exceeding the calyx. Seeds
cochleate.
3. G. cerastioides* Don Frodr. 213; perennial, hoary-pubescent,
branches many decumbent, leaves ol'ovate-spathulate, cymes lax. Acosmia
lupestris, Bentk. in Wall. Cat. 644; Carnb. ixi J acq. Vot/. £ot. 26, t. 28.
Timaeosia rupestris, Klotzsch in Bot. Ueis. Pr. Waldem. 138, t. 33 {styles 3).
Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir and Kunawar to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft.
Very variable in size ; branches 4-10, in. Leaves ^-2 by :^-| in., tadical petioled,
cauline sessile, all ciliale. Cynies usually lax, with leafy bracts. Flowers sessile or
pedicelled, very variable in siz*-, ^-^ i°- diara. Calyx \ in., can>panulate, pubescent;
lobes obtuse, strongly ciliate with curved hairs. Petals lilac, spathulate, 3-nerved.
Styles 2-3. Seeds broad, black, tubercled.
5. SAFOKAaXA, Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs. Lexxves flat. Flowers in dichotomous cymes.
Calyx more or less tubular, ovoid or oblong, 5-toothed, nerves obscure.
Petals 5, clawed ; limb entire or notched, with or without a basal scale.
Staiaeits 10. Disk small, or produced into a gynophore. Ovary 1 -celled, or
imperfectly 2-3-ceiled; styles 2, rarely 3; ovules many. Capsule ovoid or
oblong, rarely subglobose, 4-toothed. Seeds reniform or subglobose, hilum
marginal ; embryo annular. — Distrib. Species about 30, chiefly Mediter-
ranean and W. Asiatic.
1. S. Vaccaria, Linn.; radical leaves oblong, cauline sessile, base
rounded or cordate, calyx-teeth triangular margins scarious, petals short
erose. Wall. Cat. 1603. IS. Vaccaria and oxyodonta, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 525.
S. perfoliata, Uoxh. Fl. Lnd. ii. 445. Gypsophila Vaccaria, W.dA. Prodr. 42.
In wheattields throughout India, and in Tibet. — Distrijb. A weed of cultivation.
A tall, robust, simple or sparingly branched perfectly glabrous annual, 12-24 iu.
high. Leaves 1-3 by \-% in., acute, cauline linear-oblong. Cymes corymbose, many-
flowered. Flotoers erect; pedicels slender. Calyx 4 in., with 5 broad green nerves,
ventricose in fruit. Petals rosy, obovate. Capsule included, broadly ovoid. Speeds
large, globose, black, granulate.
6. SXIiZSaCS, Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs. Flowers solitary or cymose, often secund on
the branches of the cyme. Calyx more or less inflated, ovoid campanulate
clavate or tubular, 5-toothed or cleft, 10- rarely many-nerved. Petals 5 ;
claw narrow ; limb entire bifid or laciniate, usually with two basal scales.
Stamens 10, 6 usually adnate to the petals. Disk usually produced into a
long gynophore. Ovary incompletely 3- (rarely 1-) celled ; styles 3 (rarely 5) ;
ovules numerous. Capsule 3-6-toothed or valved. Seeds reniforn), usually
tubercled, hilium marginal ; embryo annular.— Distrib, Species about 250,
chiefly natives of temperate Europe and Asia.
218 xviiT.CARYOPnYLt.KjE. (.Edj^ewofth (fe Hook. f.) [S'^ene,
The following escapes from cultivation occur in Indian collertiona.
S. Anneria, L. in the Nilgherries and Canara (Plant. Holieuack. No. f>lf>).-^8.
noctifloray L. ](Wall. C'at. 624, from Herb. Wiubt., without habitat).— ^^ c-^lorota,
Poiret; {S. intrusa, W. & A. Pnxlr. 42; Wight 111. i. t. 26) ; Nilghiris and Garwhal.
SuBGEN. I. Behen. Fcfals imbricate in bud. Calyx usually inflated,
10- or 20-iierved, reticulateJy veined.
1. S. lnflata« Smith ; glaucous, cymes many-flowered, bracts scarious,
calyx 20-nerved, petals deeply cloven. Wall. Cat. ()23 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i
628. S. Wallichiaua, KlotzschmBot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 139, t. 30. S. Cucu-
balus, Wib. in Rohrb. Monog. JSilenej b4. Cucubalus Behen, Lirm.
Tempkrate Himalaya, elev. 5-11,600 ft., from Nipal to the Indus. — Distwb.
Temperate Asia, Europe, and N. Africa.
Perennial, 2-5 ft., erect or ascending, glabrous or pnbescent. Leaves 1-3 in., ovate
obovate or oblong, cauline sebsile ; margins denticulate. Flower (-f in. diam., drooping
white. Calyx ovoid, base intruded, teeth broadly triangular. Petals white, with two
gibbosities in the place of scales. Capsule globose, gynophore short. /Seeds concave in
front, convex on the base, tubercled in lines.
SuBGEN. II. SUene proper. Petals contorted in aestivation. Calyx
with 10 anastomosing nerves, or 20, 30, or 60 simple nerves, not reticulately
veined.
Sect. L Conosllene. Calyx 20-, 30-, or 60-nerved, in fruit conical
from a broad base. — Annuals.
2. S. oonoldea, Linn.; glandular-pubescent, cauline leaves oblong or
lanceolate acute, flowers Hpanicled, calyx-base intruded, teeth subulate-lan-
ceolate, | its length; petals obovate, capsules ovoid contracted above sessile.
£0188. Fl. Orient, i. 580 > Wall. Cat. 625.
\^E8TBR» HiMAiJiYA ; from Kumaou to the Indus, alt. 1-8000 ft, ; and from OtJDE
to the Panjab, in the plains. West Tibkt; Ladak, ^It. 8-11,000 ft.— Distkib. West-
ward to the Atlantic ocean.
Erect, 6-18 in., dichotomously branched. Leaves 2-^4 in., radical spathulate, cau-
line sometimes very narrow, ses&ile. Calyx 1 in. ii»ria(bd in fruit. Petals pink, small,
entire or erose ; claw auricledj scales 2. Capsule crustaceous, shining. >6ee</< coch-
leate, with 5 dorsal and as many lateral rows of tubercles.
Sect. II. Soorpioideae. Calyx 10-nerved. — Annuals (the Indian
species). Flower8 in unilateral racemes.
3.* S. STAllAoAf Linn.; annual, laxly pilose, glandular above, cauline
leaves linear-oblong or spathulate, cyme simple, flowers unilateral, calyx-
base rounded, teeth subulate lanceolate \ its length, capsule subsessile
ovoid. Boiss. Fl. Onent. i. 590.
Garwhal, Falconer; Carnatic, Wight: — an introduced weed. — Dibtrib. A weed of
cultivation.
Erect, 8-18 in., clothed especially above with spreading hairs. Leaves f-14 in.
Racemes many-6owered. Flowers ^-J in. long, secund, lower pedicelled, upper sessile.
Calyx ovoid, lO-striate, contracted above. Petals small, red (or white), emargiuute ;
scales 2. Filaments villous below. Seeds minute, striate-tuberculate, not groovwl,
face flat with an ear-shaped depression.
3. S. apetala, Willd. Sp. PL il ;i07 ; annual, hoary-pubescent, cauline
leaves linear-oblong, flowers subracemose, calyx campanulate, base obconic,
teeth short lanceolate acute, margins scarious, petals included, cajjsule
globose, shortly atipitate. Bois8. Fl. Orient i. 696.
Silene.] xviii. caryophylleje. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 219
Pasjab ; Peshawur, Vicary, Stewart. — Distrib. Westwards to 9p«n.
^few 6-24 in., simple or branched. L«aye« I -1 4 in., acuminate, cili(iiate. Cyn\e$
irregnlar, loosely racemose ; peduncleg exceeding the calyx ; bracts acute. Calyx
yin., with broad green hairy nerves ; teeth short. Petals 0, or minute, spathulate,
jht red. Seeds flat^ chatineiied^ with a double corrugated margin.
Sect. III. Aurloulaiia. Calyx lO-iierved, contracted towards the
base. FetaU with the claw toothed or auricled on both sides. — Perennials.
Flowers solitary or in few-flowered elongate panicled cymes.
4. S, Mooreroftiana, WaU. Cat, 626; perennial, finely pubescent,
canline leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, flowers i-3 terminal or stibter-
minal, calyx tuhular-clavate viscid, base intruded, teeth short obttkse with
scarious margins, capsule ovoid shorter than the gynophore. Benih. in
Royle III. 79 ; Rohrh. Monog. Silene, r29.
Western Himalaya, alt. 10-13,000 ft. ; from Garwhal to Kashmir. Wrstees
Tibet, alt. 9-16,000 ft.— Distrib. Affghanistan.
Stems many from a woody stock, densely tnft*d ; flowering bratiches erect, 6-18 in.,
slender, simple or dichotomous at the top. Radical leaves spathnlate-lanceolate, acute ;
cauline shorter, acuminate acute or obtuse. Flowers erect. Caltfx 1-lJ in., riender
below the middle; nerves 10, dark, Pttdls exserted, elaw auricled with a long acuto
tooth; limb 2-partite, segments ligulate, dirty red or white, involute when witSeriog ;
Bcales 2, long. Capsule with the gynophore as long aa itself. Seeds compressed, not
channelled, with 5 rows of dorsal and as many lateral tubercles.
Var. 1. taller, more slender, 2-3-flowered. — Tibet.
Var. 2. dwarf, leaves linear, pedicels longer than the bracts.
5. S. arenosa, C Koch, in Linncea, xv. 711 ; annual, slender, glaucous,
viscid above, leaves narrow, margins revolute, flowers in sparse much-
divaricating cymes, calyx clavate, base intruded, teeth lanceolate-ciliate,
capsule oblong equalling the gynophore. S. leyseroides and S. salsa, j5ow5-
Fl, Orient. I 603.
Western Pan jab, common at Peshawar, Attock, &Ci Vicary, Stewart. — DisxRrB.
Affghanistan, Persia, Armenia.
\ery slender, excessively branched from the base, minutely pubescent, glandular
above. Leaves shorter than the internodes, f-l^ in., rigid, acuminate. Floioers erect
or inclined; pedicels ^-\ in., capillary. Calpx 4-§ in., slender, lOribbed ; teeth with
aeanoug margins. Petals with an oblong 2 -fid blade, lobes linear, claw auricled;
softies 2, small, lanceolate. — Flowers open at night.
6. S. tenuis, Willd.; perennial, glabrous or viscid, leaves narrow
Huear or lanceolate, flowers in short racemes, calyx campanulate. base
rounded or truncate, teeth obtuse, petals 2-partite auricled, capsule oolong,
gynophore short. Jiohrb. Monog. Silene, 186. S. graminifolia, Otth. in
DC. Prodr. i. 368, not of Ledeb. S. Gul.-Waldemarii, Klotzsch Bot. Reia,
Pr. Waidem. 140, t. 31. S. repens, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 614 C? of Patrin) :
Ledeb, Ic. FL Ross. t. 425. S. amaena, Linn. Sp. Fl. eel. 1 {not of ed. 2)i
Western Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft,, from Kunawar to Kashmir, Jacqttemont.
Western Tibet, Falconer.-— TfisrmB. Northern and Arctic Asia.
Stems many from the root, erect or ascending, 4-18 in., slender, simple, naked when
tall. Leaves 1-3 in., acute or acuminate, often oiliate, fiat, radic£tl slightly dilated
upwards. Flowers often whorled, sometimes secxmd, inclirted or nodding; pedicels
^-|ia.; bracts short, whorled, subulate. Calyx ^-^'m.^ membranous, lO-nerved, teeth
spreading. Petals dirty-yellow or brown ; scales short, oblong ; claw ciliate. Clapsule
twice the length of the gynophore. S^eds with 5 dorsal and as many lateral rows of
tubercles.
Var. dasyphylla, Tnrcz. Fl. B«ic. Dah. i. 207 (sp.), densely pubesoent, leaves more
ccdiaceous not ciliate. LtiixHyJaeachke,
220 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgewofth & Hook, f.) [^lene.
Sect. IV. Otites. Coiyr^ lO-nervoJ, cylindric or contracted towards
the base. Petals not auricled at the .sides, with or without scales at the top
of the claw. — Perennials. Flowers iu opposite panicled or racemed cymes.
7. S. Faloonerlana, Benth. in Ko^iU IU. 7», t. 20 ; perennial, stout,
erect, pubescent below, leaves linear-lanceolate serrulate-ciliate, flowers iu
short uniform opposite cymes, calyx cylindric narrow, base intruded, teeth
short obtuse, petals very narrow spathulate, tip rounded or notched, cap-
sule ovoid longer than the gynophore. Hohrb. Monog. Silent, 202.
Westkrm Hikalava, from Kuniaon to Kunawar, alt. 3-9000 foet, JKoi/le, &c.
Stems 1-2 ft., beveral from the woodj stalk, niniple or branched, clo.sely pubescent
below. JjtareB l4-2i in., narniw, pubescent or glabrous on both hurlaccH. InfloreH'
cence 1-1 4 ft. long, lax, of opposite or whorled cymes or branched racemes. J^ivtotra
erect or inclined; pedicels slender; bracts minute. CeUyx^ in., slightly dilated up-
wards in flovjer, much so in fruit, membranous;, nerves 10, green; teeth not margined
with white; base truncate. Pttals' white, without scales or auricles. CajfsuUs ovoid,
twice or thrice the length of the gynophore. /^d» minute, granulate, sides flat or
convex, back channelled.
8. S. Oiiffithil, £oiss. Fl. Orient, i. 637; perennial, robust, densely
pubescent, touientose or villous, leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, radical
petioled, flowers in opposite few-flowered cymes, calyx cylindric, teeth acute,
base rounded or truncate, petals 2-partite, lobes 3-6-fid, scales 0, capsule
oblong, gynophore thort. IS. Webbiana, W^afi. Cat. 627. S. nmltifida, AV(/<?m'.
in Trans. Linn. aS'oc. xx. 34. Carpophora Hofl"meisteri, Klotzsch in Bot. Ueise
rr. Wald. 139, t. 32. S. viscosa, Pits. ; Benth. in Royle III. 79. Me- mdryum
Griffithii, Hohrb. in Linnaa^ xxxvi. 248; MoncHj. ISUene^ 232. 8. viscosa
lusus 3, ami (:> suaveolens, Kar. d' Kir. {s^}.), Hohrb. Monog. ,'Silene, 205.
Western Himalaya, from Garwhal to Cabul and Kisbtwar, alt. 7-11,000 ft.— Dis-
THiB. Aflglianibtau, Soongaria.
Very variable in pubescence, from hoary to almost woolly. Sterna 12-18 in., simple
or divided, very robust. Leaves 24-4 by ^I| in., radical spathulate-lanceolate, nar-
rowed into a broad petiole ; cnuline sessile, hometimes cordate at the base, more or less
pubescent ou both surfaces. Floivers in opposite irreg^ilarly 3-flower«d cymes, shortly
pedicelled. (kdyx |-1 in., glandular, hardly dilated above except iu fruit, teeth not
margined with v.-bite, nervos 10, green. PttaU more or less laciniatc, without scales or
auricles. Petals white. Capsule four times as long as the gynophore. Heeds imma-
ture, apparently like those of «S'. Falconeriana.—\ery closely allied to S. viscosa, L.,
with which it is united by Bentham and Rohrbach.
9. S. kunavarenais, BentJi. in Rwjh III. 79 ; perennial, puberulous
or quite glabrous, slender, leaves uarrow-.spatliidate or lanceolate, flowers in
opposite distant pairs or cymes, pedicels slender, calyx glabrous cylindric
or subciavate, base intruded, teeth short obtuse with scarious margins,
petals deeply 2-fid, scales oblong, capsule ovoid twice as long as the gyno-
phore.
Western Hjmalaya, in the Tibetan regions of Kunawar and Piti, alt. 10,000 ft.,
Boyle, Jacqtuinont, &o.
Brancliea tufted from a prostrate stock ; flowering ones slender, 6-12 in., usually
flabrous above. Leaves l-lj in., very narrow, minutely pubescent on both surfaces.
''hwers rather few and scattered, nodding, pedicels slender, equalling the calyx.
Calyx 4-i in., membranous, quite glabrows or the teeth pubescent, clavate in fruit,
lO-nerved. Petals with 2 linear-oblong scales and no auricles. Capsule pale. Seeda
dorsally channelled, sides nearly flat, hardly tubercled.
10. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 627 ; tall, slender, minutely pubescent,
cauline leaves broadly ovate-cordate amplexicaul acuminate 6-9-nerved,
8ilene.\ xviii. caryophylleje. (Edg-ewortli & Hook, f.) 021
cymes lax opposite long-poduncled, calyx glandular cylindric, teeth lan-
ceolate-subulate, base truncate intrudod, capsule narrow oblong, rather
longer than the gynophore. S. viriditiora, var, Rokrh, Monog. SUene^ 216.
Western Himalava, Sirmur, Webb,
We have seen but one specimen, itaelf a fraprment. 16 in, tall, of what is evidently a
tftll spare lax-flowered species of a plant resemldinj; closely S. viridljlora, Linn. —
Leaves 14 in. broad, puberuloiifl on both surfacen. Branches of panicle (peduncles of
cymes) 3-6 in., terminated by two ov ite foHac«ous bracts. Flowem drooping; pedicels
\~% in., densely touieutoae. Cafi/.c | in., very slenier, lO-nerveii, ventricose in fruit;
teeth with s arious edges. PttaU I'Hig, greenish- white ; limb bifid, lobes Hgulat^j ;
scales 2. FUnments glabrous. Ovary cylindric, top globose ; styles 3. Capaule
immature, cyliudric-obbnf.!:.
Sect. V. Cuoubaloideas. Calyx cylindric, rounded at the base, pale,
membranous. Petah without auricles at the sides. — Scandent or subscandent
slender lax perennials. Flowers in very lax few-flowered panicled cymes.
11. S. 7 Straoheyi, F<l^ew.; glabrous, flaccid, subscandent, leaves
petioled lanceolate acuminate membranous, cymes 3-flowered bracteate,
calyx membranous, teeth broad with orbicular tips, capsule half the length
of the gynophore.
.Temperate Himalaya, Piti rfvor, Kumaon, alt.7 500 ft., Strack.& Winterh. Sikkim
in woods, Lachen river, alt. 9-10,000 ft., /. D. H.
Habit and ft»li;igo of Cucuhalus baccifer, but erlabrous or nearly so, leaves longer
petioled. Calyx cylindric, and ovary with a very long grynophore and 5-lobed callous
tip, indicating a 5- valved dehiscence. -Stenu shining. Leaves 2-24 V ^~f in*, ciliolate,
with an intramarginal nerve. Pediceh 4-I in., very slender, minutely pube¢.
Calyx I in., pale, with 10 green nerves and anastomosing veins between them above ;
teeth hyaline, contracted below the orbicular ciliolate tips. Petals white, very narrow;
claw not auricled ; limb retuso or 2-lobed. Filaments glabrous; anthers short, didy-
mous. — An exceedingly curious plant, ihtermediate between JSilene and Cacubalus, per-
haps better refeiTcd to the latter genus.
12. S. khaslana, Rohrh. in Linnaea^ xxxvi. 259 ; glandular pubescent
above, subscandent, leaves sessile ovate acuminate, flowers solitary and in
terminal 2-3-flowered bracteate cymes, calyx shortly cylindric, teeth broad
acute, base rounded, capsule oblong, gynophore very short.
Khasia Mrs., at Molira and Moflong, alt. 5-6000 ft., H. f. & T.
A straggling brittle hardly flaccid herb, with rather robust branches. Leaves 1-2 in.,
not membranous, 3-5-neryed at the base, paler beneath, glabrous or sparsely pubescent,
ciliolate. Flowers erect \ pedicels 4-1 In., strict. ^ Calyx I in., with 10 broad nerves
and no veins. Petals pale pink; claw cuneate; limb 2-pMrtite, obtuse; scales small.
Fiiaments glabrous ; anthers didyraoue. Capsule broad, with very small teeth. Steds
dorsally rounded, sides convex strjate-tuberculate.
7. CVCVBAXiVS, Linn.
A diffuse subscandent herb. Xmw« ovate- lanceolate. Flmoers in 1-3-
fiowered leafy cymes or solitary in the forks of the branches. Caltfx broadly
campanulate, 10-nerved, 5-toothed, Petcds 5 ; claw narrow toothed at the
top ; limb 2-fid with 2 scales at its base. Stamens 10. Disk produced into
a short gynophore. Ovary 1 -celled, 3-septate at the base ; styles 3 ; ovulea
many. Frail globose, tip crowned with an entire callus, shining, dry or
fleshy, at length fragile and bursting irregularly. Seeds reniform, shining ;
hilum lateral ; embryo annular.
222 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEiB. (Edg^worth & Hook, f.) [Cucubalus,
1. O. baoclfenxs, Linn. ; Bpiss. FL Orient, i. 657.
Tekpekate Himalaya, from Kaslimir, alt. &-8U00 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft.
Khabia Mts., at tlje Boga Pani, ah. 6000 ft., H.f. & T. — Distbib. Westwards to South
Europe ; W. Siberia.
A rambling herb, more or less pnbescfrnt with curly white hairs. TjMvea 1-2 by
f-1 in. , membranous, ciliate, narrowed into the petioJe, upper sessile. Flowers diw^ing ;
pedicel i-4 in., tomentose. Cait/x ^ in,, base ruumied; teeth large, broad, subacute,
ciliolate ; nerves obscure, yeins reticulate. PetaU greenish-white, 2-lob^. Ahtherg
didym^ous. PruU the size of a pea, black.
8. Z.«VCBMXS, Linn.
Herbs, with the habit of Silme, but capsule 1-celled, and styles nsaally 5
(3-5). — DisTRiR Species about 30, natives i»l Arcticj^nd Temperate northern
regions, and of the Andes of S. America.
The following species of Lychnis are, with the exception of L. Coronaria, extremely
difficult to limit, the characters of habit, nervation of the cal^x, form and division of
the petals, and superficial markings of tiie seed, being all very variable. The diviHion
into wing(fd: and wingless-seeded is far from good ; the contrast between the reniform
granulate, and the angled and winged seeds, is indeed strong, but analogy with othet
genera would suggest, that some of the wingless species are but forms of winged ones.
We cannot follow Rohrbach and ofhers in separating Mdandryum from Lychnis proper;
the capsule dehiscing variously in the same species, and several true i/eian</r^a naving
crestttd seeds.
Sect. I. Fseudagrroatemma. PetaU with stiff 2-toothed scales at
the claw. CapstUe 5-valved, valves quite entire.
1. Z». Ooronariay tamlc. ; uniformly softly tomentose with silky white
wool. Boiss. FL Orient, i. 658.
Eashmib Valley, abundant in groves and fields, /oc^uewKm*, &c. — Distiub. W. Aaia,
S. Europe.
Stem 1-2 ft., sparingly branched. Leaves 3-5 in., spathulate lanceolate, caalind
oblong, i^'/oicer* on long pedicels. Calyx |-1 in., turbinate, 10-nerved ; teeth con-
torted to the left. Pttals 1 in. «nd upwards, broadly obcordate, red purple. Cajaside
•ubsessile, included. Seeds biconvex, equally striate-tuberculate.
Sect. II. Melandryum. Petals with membranous scales. Capnde
4-5-valved, valves entire or 2 -fid.
♦ Stem scape-like, I- rarely 2-3-flowered. Seeds compressed or angled,
winged, not granulate or tubercled : wing thick or inflated.
2. Xi. apetala, Linn. ; stem short glandular-pubescent 1- rarely ^3-
flowered, calyx inflated subglobose with broad purple-brown nerves, petals
with a very short emarginate or bifil limb, carpophore very short or 0.
Melandryum apetalum, Hohrb. inLinnoBa, xxxvi 217. M. Falconeri, i?oAr6.
Ic. 220.
Alpimb Himalaya and Tibet, alt. 12-17,000 ft. ; and to 18,000 ft. in Sikkim.—-
DisTBiir. Arctic region!^, mouniaius of N. Europe, Asia, and America.
Stems tufted, 2-6 in., often ciirved. Leaves radical linear-lanceolate or spathulate,
obtuse or acute ; caulinc 1-2 pair. Flowers nodding. Caiyx k-% in long, mouth con-
tracted, more open in fruit, membranous, pale between the broad dark nerves, which are
yariable in disposition, simple or sparingly branched, the secondary free or uniting with
the primary in the short broad calyx-teetb. Petals excessively variable in length and
bretuith and in the subentire crenate or lobed scales, purplish. Capsule turgid ; valves
lychnis.] XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE.f:. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) QQS
bifid, erect or recurved ; Carpophore glabrous or tomerlose, alwayB very short. Seeds
very variable, tV"tV ^^- dium., with a uarrow or ljro»d wiag- — I cannot distinguish
L. Falconeri, Rohr,, even as a permanent variety ; it is characterized as having a more
open calyx in fruit.
'^XH. pallida, stems usually 2-flowered, calyx v6ry pale with green undefined veins. —
Western Tibet, Falconer^ Henderson.
3. Im, ttigrreseend, Edgew, ; stem simple glandular-pubescent 1-flowered,
calyx inflated subglobose with broad purple-brown nerves, petals with a
short retuse limb, carpophore |-i th« length of the capsule brown-tomentoi? j,
L. tristis, Herb. Ind. Or. H. /. ^ T. Melandryum macrorhizum, liohrK in
Linnaea, xxxvi. 228, not of Royle.
Alpinp SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 11-16,000 ft., J. D. H.
Similar in many respects to L. apetala, but stem more leafy, calyx larger and more
inflatec^ almost | in. diam., with broader more membranous-edged teeth, and a very
different carpophore. The nerves of the calyx are simple and free in all the specimens,
and the seeds are like those oftlie rather narrow-winged forms oi L. apetala. — Rohr-
bach is certainly in error in describing this as wingless-seeded, and in referring it to
Royie's L. macrorhiza.
4. Zi. lilinalayensis, Edgew. ♦ stem very slender elongate 1-3-flowered
liiinutelv pubescent, leaves usually vety slender, calyx broadly oblong with
slender black-purple nerves, petals with a very small blade, carpophore very
short pubescent or 0, seeds angular very small narrowly- winged. L. apetala,
var, himalayehsis, Rohrh. in Linnma^ xxxvi. 22. L. apetala, var. gracilis.
Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. <& T.
Sjkkim Himalaya, alt. H-14,000 ft., /. D. H. Western Tibet,- Falconer ; Sassar
alt. 16-17,000 ft., T.T.
Probably only a slender form of L. apetala, but easily distinguished by its size
(8-16 in.), slenderness, long narrow leaves, narrower smaller - calyx ^~4 "'• long, with
usually more slender and free veins, which however sometimes unite in the teeth, aoU
small seeds which are pale in Thomson's specimens, black in Hooker's and "Falconer's.
** Seeds turgid, renif orm, wingless, graniilate tubercled or echinulate.
t Stem short, single- rarely ^-flowered.
6. Zi. macrorhiza, Boyle ; Benth. jin Boyle III. 80 {not of Bohrh) ;
stem short simple 1-flowered and leaves closely glandular-pubescent, leaves
obovate-spathulate, calyx broadly oblong inflated pale, nerves faint free or
united in the calyx*teeth, petals short, carpophore stout brown-tomentose.
L. madens, Jacq. mss.
Alpine Western Himalaya, and Western Tibet ; Kunawar, Boyle, Jocquentnnt;
Parang Pass, alf. 15-16,000 ft., T. T.; l\)pi dhunga, alt. lo.OOOft., Slrach. <& Winterb.
Whole plant 4-6 in., resembling L. apetala^ but leaves broader and more densely
fmbescent, pale, obtnse or subacute. Calyx 4-| in. Petals apparently deep purple ;
imb short, 2-fld. Seeds x>&\e chestnut, absolutely wingless, minutely granulate concen-
trically, back rounded. — Royie's specimens are very imperfect, but I think referable to
this.
tt Stem elongate, simple or branched; leaves narrow, linear-lanceolate
{rarely ovate in L. Cachemeriana).
6. X«. braclijrpetala, Ilort. Berd.; stem 1-2 ft. slender hoary simple
few or many-flowered, leaves very narrow grass-like glabroUs or miimtely
pubescent, nolvers nodding opposite or in short few-flowered opposite cymes,
calyx ovoid pale with 10 dark or green simple free or connected nerves, petals
very short pale 2-partite, carpophore short glabrous or pubescentor 0, seeds
524 XVIII. CARYUPHYLLE^. (Edj^eworth & Hook, f.) [Li/ehnis.
reniforiu dark granulate. Melandryum brachypetaluin, Fetizl in Led, .Ft,
U<m. i. 326. Var. tibetanum, Rohrh. in Linncea, xxxvi. 232,
Alpink Himalaya; from SiWtJrn, alt. 12 15,000 ft., /. />. IT., to Kunawar, Jactfue-
mont; and Western Tibet, alt. 10-15,000 ft., Str. & WirUerb., Thomaon, &c..— Dis-
TKiB. Siberia, Dahuria, Mongolij^.
Stems strict, very rarely divided except at the base. Leaves 2-5 in., rarely ^ in.
broad. Flowers often in distant pairs towards the top of the stem ; pedicel strict,
2-bracteolate. Calyx ^ in. long, pale with dark or green nerves, which are very vari-
able; teeth spreading in fruit. Petals pale-red or dirty white, included or sJightIv
exserted ; claw glabrous or ciliate, obtusely anricied. Seedit njinute. Capsvle with
simple or 2-fid teeth. — The nerves of tb'e calyx are somotiuies united at the tin-^, at
others free ; at times simple, and again the secondaries branch and unite with the
primaries.
7. Xi. multloaaltot WaU. Cot 622 ; steruB 2-3 ft. strict laxly pubescent
Above, leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous or p\iberul«jiis margins scaberulous,
flowers very few in elongate racemes nodding, calyx oblong-cauipanulate,
nerves green or brown united in the teeth, petals short, limb minute toothed,
carpophore short pubescent or 0, seeds reniform dark granulate. Benth. in
RoyU III. 80. Melandryum multicaule, Rohrb. in Linncea, xxxvi. 226.
Tbmpebatk Himalava; Nipal, Wallieh: Kumaon, 10-12,000 ft., Edgew. ; Sikkim,
alt. 11,000 ft., /. />. H (flower rather larg^, calyx green).
A much taller plant than L. brachypetala, inhabiting lower levels, with epamer in-
florescence, longer pedicelled fewer flowers and UHuallv broader leaves; bnt probably
only a lowland f >rm ; also very near L. nntaM, R'>y!e. Wallich's and Edgcworth's
specimens have oalyces \ in. long, with purple nerves ; the Sikkim ones have larger
calyces, J in. long, with broader green nerves; in both the venation is very variable.
Styles 3-5 and capsule 5-6- or 8-10-cleft.
8. X«. Caohemerlana, Royk ; Benth. in Royle lU. 80; gtem robust,
erect strict simple hoary, leaves from ovate to lanceolate scaberulous, flowers
largo erector nodding in subterminal contracted cymes, calyx green oblong,
teeth acute, nerves many anastomosing, claw of petals woolly, limb 2-fid,
lobes cut, cari)ophore broad den.sely woolly, seeds reniform granulate.
Melandryum indicum, var. timbriatum (a form), Rolirb. in Lintuea^ xxzvL
235.
Kashmir, Bojrle, &c.
An erect rigid spi'cies, with strict rarely spreading cymes. Leaves very variable,
2-3 by 4"! in. Calyx membranous, ^-l in. long, teeth acute or acuminate. Petals
white or pale, blade about ^ in. long. Carpophore about ^ as long as the 5-fid capsule.
— Probably only a form of L. indica, as regarded by Eohrbacb, but the calyx-lobes are
usually much more acute.
9. lam Stewartiiy Edgew. ; stem short, wiry, hoary below pubescent
above leafy, leaves very narrow linear spreading l-nerven, flowers few small
solitary in the upper leaf axils nodding, calyx oblong pubescent, nerves
green faint free or united, teeth rounded, petals obcordate with a very
short 2-partite white limb, carpophore densely woolly, styles 3 very short.
Western Himalata; Upper Chenab and Chamba river, alt. 8-11,000 ft., StewaH.
A very curious little species, probably polygamo dieecious, of which there ate but
scanty specimens, without seed, somewhat resembling SteUaria graminea in foliage,
and quite unlike any other Indian species of the genus. Stem 4-6 in., rigid, slender,
upper part and pedicels viscidly tomontose. Leaves 2 by yV-iV i"> "gid, keeled by
the solitary stout midrib, margins recurved. Pedicels f5olitnry or in opposite pairs,
pubescent, with two linear bracts above the middle. Calyx | in. long, roembraiu>us,
pubescent, teeth scarious, edges with long curled cilia, Petalt with the claw very
Lychnis.] xvili. caRYophylle^. (Edg6wortli &. Hook, f.) 225
broafl, auricler], exceeding the calyx ; limb small, recurved ; appendages notched.
Capsule exceeding the calyx, 10-cleft.
ttt Stem elongate^ usually laxly dickotomously branched (simple in L.
inflata). Leaves oDate elliptic or lanceolate.
10. Zi. inflata, Wall. Gat. n. 618; minutely pubescent, stem simple
erect 1-3-flowered leafy, leaves elliptic or lanceolate lower petioled, flowers
large terminal drooping, calyx very inflated pale with dark brown nerves,
teeth rounded, petals with a broad claw 2 large appendages and a short
rounded limb, carpophore short woolly, seeds reniform compressed, back
furnished with rows of long soft setas. Benth. in Eoyle III. 80. Melan-
dryum inflatum, Rohrh. in Linncea xxxvi. 226. Agrostemma inflata, Don
Gen. JSyst. i. 417.
Western Temperate Himalaya ; Kumaon, Blinhworth.
Stem rather stout, 10-16 in., glandular-pubescent above, nodes swollen. Leaves
14-2^ by |-^ in,, acute or acuminate. Pedicels slender, ebracteolate. Calyx f in.
long, nearly as broad, membranous ; nerves free or uniting in or below the broad hya-
line rounded teeth, which are not ciliate. — A very curious and distinct form, the seeds
of which are quite peculiar. It is singular that it should have escaped the notice of all
collectors in Kumaon since the days of Blinkworth, the first explorer of the Flora of
that region.
11. Ii. indica, Benth. in Royle III. 81 ; finely-pubescent, stem leafy dif-
fusely dichotomously branched, leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate or orbi-
cular, panicle lax many-flowered, calyx oblong inflated, nerves green or
browji, lobes short rounded, carpophore short broad pubescent, petals with
a 2-fid or fiuibriate limb, seeds reniform granulate.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5500-10,000 ft., from Nipal to Marri.
A tall dichotomously branched spreading weak herb, 2-3 ft. high ; stem below some-
times as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves variable, more or less ovate-lanceolate, lower
petioled, largest 4 in. long, membranous, flaccid. Flowers drooping when young, in
open or contracted panicled glandular-hairy cymes ; pedicels ebracteate. Calyx 4-| in.
long, glandular-pubescent ; nerves 10-15, free or combined, simple or branched ; teeth
broad, obtuse rarely acute. Petals very variable, usually white inside and purplish out-
side ; appendages short, obtuse, often crisped. Capsule ovoid, teeth 5, simple or bifid.
Seech minute, very dark, the granulations on the back stronger than on the sides.
Var. 1. indica proper; petals with a short 2-fid blade, lobes entire or 2-tnothed,
styles usually 3. Silene indica, Boxb. Hort. Bevg. 34 ; PL Ind. ii. 447 ; Wall. Cat.
264 irt part. Melandryum indicum var. genuinum, Rohrh. in Linncea, xxxvi. 234.
Var. 2. fimhriata, Wall. Cat. 619 (Sp.) ; petals with a longer lacerate or fimbriate
blade, the lobes linear 2-fid, styles usually 5. Benth. in Eoyle III. 80, t. 20 B. L. erio-
stemon, Wall. Cat. n. 620. Melandryum indicum var. fimbriatum, Bohrb. I.e.
12. Zi. nutans, Benth. in Boyle III. 80 ; finely pubescent, stems dif-
fusely dichotomously branched, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate or orbi-
cular, panicle lax few-flowered, calyx globose inflated, nerves green or
brown, lobes short rounded, carpophore short pubescent or 0, petals with a
short purple crenulate limb, seeds reniform granulate tubercled on the back.
Melandryum nutans, Bohrb. in Linncea^ xxxvi. 229. L. ciliata. Wall. Cat.
n. 621.
Temperate Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kunawar, alt. 7500-11,000 ft. ; Marri, alt.
10-12,000 ft.
Very closely allied to L. indica^ but apparently a smaller plant, more flaccid, with a
shorter more globose calyx, and short crenulate corolla-limb. Uhe upper leaves are
sometimes orbicular-cordate.
VOL. I. Q
226 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE^. (EdgGwortli & Hook, f.) [Lychnis.
13. Xi. pilosa, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 34; clothed especially
above with long spreading flaccid hairs, stem erect or diflusely branched,
leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, panicle lax few-flowered, calyx oblong,
nerves green, lobes short, petals with a 2-lobed limb, lobes bifid, carpophore
short or long, seeds reniform, granulate on the sides, back with long pro-
cesses. Melandryum nutans (a form), Rohrb. in Linnaa, xxxvi. 229.
Western Tempekate Himalaya, from Garwhal to Kashmir, alt. 9-12,000 ft.,.
Boyle, Edgeworth, &c.
Very closely allied to L. nutans, if not, as Rohrbach considers, a variety of. that
plant; it is best distinguished by the long flaccid hairs, and ecbinate dorsal face of the
seeds; the latter character is not a very good one, as a passage can be established
between the seed of L. iudica in which the dorsal granulations are but little lar^^er
than the lateral, through that of L. nutans to that of L. pilosa. There are two forms
of this species, the original, with the calyx nearly an inch long and a long woolly car{io-
phore; and another with smaller calyx (altogether like that of iy. nutans), and a shoit
carpophore. The styles are 5.
14. Zi. cancellata, Jacquem. mss. ; densely hoary-pubescent, stem erect,
simple, leaves ellijjtic-lanceolate or orbicular, panicle C(»ntracted few-
flowered, flowers suberect, calyx 5-lobed to below the middle viscid glan-
dular, lobes subacute, petals with an auricled claw and short 4-tid Hmb,
carpophore woolly, seeds granulate.
KuNAWAR, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Jacquemont, Royle, &c.
Erect, rather slender, covered with close-set often rather long and spreading hairs,
glandular above. Leaves very variable, 1-2 in. long, radical petioled, cauline eehsile,
acute or acuminate. Elouers in rather distant pairs, shortly pedicelled, inclined.
Calyx J^-^ in. long, subcampanulate, green, densely tomentose or woolly ; nerves 10,
meeting in the segments, broad, green ; lobes oblong, erect or somewhat spreading,
ciliate, tips often recurved. Pttals with the claw woolly, limb about \ in. long ; scales
2-fid. JStamens woolly. Styles 4-5, — The deeply cleft cal\ x is the best mark for this
species, but possibly not a good one, as I observe some irregularity in the divisions,
suggesting an abnormal condition of that organ.
The following Indian species of Lychnis contained in the Kew Herbarium are in too
imperfect a condition for determination.
L. PUMiLA, Jioyle; Btnth. in Jioyle III. 80 ; Jtohrh. in Linncea, xxxvi. 227 (Melan-
dryum).
Ij. cuneifolia, Jioyle; Rohrb. I.e. ; a densely tomentose short large-rooted species,
with spathulate leaves, in a very young state fn-m Kunawar.
Melandkydm iNTRUSLM, liohrb. in Linncea, xxxvi. 242, is unquestionably iSilene
colorata, an introduced plant, alluded to at p. 218.
There is a Lychnis in the Hei barium difl'ering from any of the above described Indian
species, in the upper leaves being linear and rounded at the tip ; its flower resembles
that of Z. indica. I have seen'scraps only from the Shiri Pass in Tibet, collected by
Heyde, and from Dr. Stewart (locaUty uucertaiu but probably from Tibet).
9. HOXiOSTSUBX, Linn.
Annual glandular herbs. Leaves narrow. Flowers in terminal umbel-
like cymes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, toothed or notched. Stamens 3-5, rarely
10. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3 (-5) ; ovules many. Cajtsule subcylindric, with
twice as many short terminal valves as there are styles. Seeds peltate, con-
cavo-convex, dorsally compressed, rough ; embryo horse-shoe shaped. —
DiSTRiB. &?pecies 3. Europe and W. Asia.
This genus is distinguished from Arenaria and SttUaria more by habit than by any
easily deliued character.
Holostetim.] xviii. caryophylle^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 227
1. H. uxnbellatuxn, Linn.; leaves rosulate petioled elliptic-oblong.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 709.
Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. W, Asia, N. Africa, Europe.
>S^?ewi 4-8 in., very slender, branched below. Leaves {-I in. Flowers few, erect;
pedicels ^ in-, deflexed after flowering, erect after fruiting ; bracts small, membranous.
Sepals white, obtuse, edges scarious. Petals rather longer, ^ in., white or pale pink.
Stamens and styles olteu 3 each. Cajjsules exceeding the sepals. Seeds black.
10. CBRASTIV]YE, Linn.
Pubescent rarely glabrous herbs, often glandular, annual or perennial
Leaves usually small. Flowers white, in terminal dichotomous cymes. Sepals
5, rarely 4. Petals as many, rarely 0, notched o» 2 -fid, rarely quite entire or
cut. Stamens 10, rarely 5 or fewer, hypogynous. Ovary 1-celled ; styles
usually 3-5 ; ovules mauy. Capsule cylindric, often curved, with twice as
many short valves as styles. Seeds compressed, not arillate ; embryo
annular.— Distrib. Species about 40, all natives of temperate and cold
regions.
Cerastium like Holosteum is with difficulty distinguished by technical characters
from Arenaria and Stellaria.
Sect. I. Dicbodon. Styles usually 3.
1. C. trig-ynum, Villars ; perennial, tufted, stem procumbent with
alternating hairy lines or glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous, cymes
1-3-liowered, bracts herbaceous with membranous edges. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
i. 715. Stellaria cerastioides, Li7i7i. Sp. FL 604. Diplodon cerastioides,
Jieichb. Ic. Fl. Germ, f. 4915.
Alpine Western Himalaya, ajt. 11-17,000 ft., from Kulu to Kashmir, and in
Western Tibet, Boyle, Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Affghanistan, Siberia, W. Asia,
Arctic regions, Alps of Europe,
Nearly glabrous. Leaves |-4 in., distant, obtuse, often recurved. Flowers ^ in.
diam. ; pedicels very slender, glandular-pubescent, fruiting reflexed. Sepals linear-
oblong, spreading, 1-nerved. Petals deeply 2-fid. Styles usually 3. Seeds with 8 row8
of dorsal tubercles. — Altogether intermediate between Cerastium and Stellaria.
Sect. II. Strephodon. Sti/les 5. Valves of the capsule convolute or
recurved at the tip, margins not revolute.
2. C. dahuricum, Fisch. in Spreng. Piigill. ii. 65 ; tall, glabrous or
pubescent below, leaves large oblong sessile or auricled, petals twice as
long as the sepals, claws bearded, capsule straight, seeds tubercled. Boiss.
Fl. Orient, i. 717.
Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 10-11,000 ft., from Kumaon, Sir. & Wint. to
Marri, Stewart. — Distrib. Dahuria, Siberia, Persia, Caucasus.
Perennial. Stem stout, ascending amongst shrubs to 12 ft., shining. Leaves 1^-
2 in., connate, obtuse or acute, margined. Cymes with divaricating branches and
pedicels, which latter are slender, ebiacteolate. Flowers | in. diam. Sepals elliptic-
oblong, subacute, shining, with narrow scarious edges. Petals twice as long, obcordate,
2 lobed. Capsule twice as long as the calyx, striate, many-nerved ; valves revolute.
3. C. indicum, Wight d; Am. Prodr. 43 ; slender, glandular-pubescent,
leaves subsessile elliptic ovate or lanceolate acute, petals a little exceeding
the calyx, capsule straight, teeth recurved. Thwaites Enum. 24; Wight
111 i. t. 26.
Wkstekn Peninsula, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wigld, &o. Cevlox, alt. 6-7000 ft.,
Thwaites.
Q2
228 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (EdgewortL & Hook, f.) [Cerastium^
Perennial. Stems very slender, flaccid. 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-1^ in., membrjinous, not
rtiargined, ciliale, obscurely petioled. ' Covers few, in terminal dichotomcus cymes ;
pedicels divaiicate, tomentose. /Sejxih t in., obleng laiiceolafe, acute, margins narrowly
scaridus. Cap-ntles rather longer than the sepals. — There is a specimen marked as
Mauritian in Herb. Benth., but I suspect it is Indian ;'jt has, however, rather longer
petals.
Sect. III. Orthodon. Styles 5'. Valves of tlie capsule straight or
slightly spreading ; margins revolute or recurved.
4. C. vulgratum, Linn. ; annual*or perennial, tomentose or hairy, glan-
dular above, lower leaves spathulate, upper oblong ovate or lanceolate ob-
tuse or acute, petals equalling the calyx, rarely or larger, capsules much
exceeding the calyx often curved. Wight d: Am. Prodr. 43.
Throughout the temperate and subalpine regions of Indu and Ceylon, ascending to
15,000 ft. in Sikkim and Western Tibet. — Djstrib, Temperate N. Europe and Asia ;
introduced into various countries.
Stems 6-12 in., erect or syberect, simple or branched, stout or slender. Cymes
various, few or many-flowered, open or crowded or subcapitate or subumbellate.
Flowers ^-^ in. diiuu., sometimes apetalotis or o-androus? Cai^ule very variable in
length, and set-ds in amount of granulation or tuberculation.
Var. 1. glomerata, ThuilHer; annual, pubescence dense spreading, leaves obtuse,
cymes at first subcapitate, fruiting pedicels suberect shorter than the sepaLs, bracts all
herbaceous, sepals acute densely hairy, margins narrowly membranous.
Var. 2. trivialis, Link ; annual or perennial, cymes usually open, leaves usually
lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate acute, pubescence shorter less spreading, bracts all
herbaceous, sepals lanceolate, margin narrowly membranous.
Vah. .3. grnnr/ijiora, Don Prodr. 216 (sp.) ; annual, flaccid, stems 6-10 in., lower
leaves obovate-spathulate, upper oblong, cymes open, bracts herbaceous, pedicels slender,
petals twice as long as the calyx. — C. napalerise, Wall. Cat. 628. Temperate Himalaya,
alt. 6-10,000 ft. ,
? Var. 4. tihetica; dwarf, densely tufted, leaves oblong or elliptic, cymes few-
flowered, bracts all herbaceous, flowers as in var. 3. grandijiora. — Sassar pass, alt.
16-17,000 ft., T. Thomson; Ladak, Stewart. Perhaps a new species, but the specimens
are very few.
? Vak. 5. memhranacea, Jacq. mss. (sp.) : stem slender erect, leaves oblong-lanceo-
late acute, cymes few- flowered, bracts with broad scarious edges, pedicels slender, peials
larger than the broadly scarious-edged coloured sepals.— Kunawar, between Uookio-
ghat and Doubling, Jacquemont. — Perhaps a different species or a small state of the
following, but we have only 2 stems.
5. C. Thoxnsoni, Jlool-.f.; clothed with spreading glandular hairs,
stems slender erect, leaves all linear-oblong subacute cymes few-fiowered,
bracts with narrow scarious edges, pedicels slender, flowers large, sepals
oblong-lanceolate subacute coloured below the scarious tips, much smaller
than the broadly-obovate petals.
Temperate Western Himalaya; Kishtwar, alt. 11-12,000 ft., T. Thomson;
Kuraaon, alt. 10,000 ft., Strach. & Wint.; Lahul, Jae^chle.
We were at first disposed to regard this as the C. grandifloriim, Don, because of the
size of the flower: but that plant having broadly obovate lower leaves is no doubt
Wallich's C. napalense (a var. of triviale), which has further much smaller flowers and
a very diflerent habit from this. Stems 6-12 in., quite erect, rather slender, copiously
hairy, branched at the very base only. Leaves f-l^ in., straight, the very lowest soon
withering and more obovate. Cymes subumbellate. Flowers 4-f in. diam., with broad
petals. Fruit unknown.
Stellaria.] xviii. caryophylle^. (Ed^eworth &. Hook, f.) 229
11. STEZ.X.ARIA, Liun.
Heri)S of various habit. Leaves various. Flowers in dichotomous cymes,
niore rarely solitary and terminal, wliite. Petals 5, rarely 4, 2-fid or 2-par-
tite or 0, Stamens 10, rarely 8, hypogynous or perigynous. Disk anrmlar
or divided into glands. Ovary 1- rarely 3-celled ; styles 3 or rarely 2-5 ;
• ovules many, rarely few. Capsule short, splitting to below the middle or
to the base into as many entire or 2-fid valves as there are styles. Seeds
compressed, tubercled granulate or nearly smooth ; embryo annular. — Dis-
TETB. Species about 70, natives of all cold and temperate regions.
Sect. I. Schizosteg-iuxn, Fend. Subscandent or decumbent herbs.
Ovary 3-celled. Oapside 1-2-seeded.
1. S. crispata, Wall. Cat. 633 ; tall, glabrous, pubescent above, leaves
large sessile oblong or linear-oblong from a cordate base long-acuminate,
edges crisped, flowers small. S. monosperma, Don Prodr. 215.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft, from Sikkim to Kashmir; Khasia Mts,,
alt. 5-6000 ft.
Booi^ of fleshy fusiform fibres. Stem 2-4 ft., 4-angled, shining with a line of fine
hairs, nodes often hairy. Leaves 2-9 in., often broadest beyond the middle, pale
beneath, rather coriaceous, nerves very faint, one intramarginal, tips very slender,
margin scarcely thickened, more or less crisped. Cymes much branched, pubescent,
peduncles and pedicels divaricate, very slender. Sepals ^ in., oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, margin narrowly scarious. Petals as long or twice as long as the sepals. Seeds
1 or 2, granulate.
2. S. paniculata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 35 ; tall, glabrous or
ciliate, leaves petioled lanceolate or elliptic long-acuminate, flowers very
small pubescent. S. media, Wight Cat. 145, not of Linn.
Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-11,000 ft. ; Sikkim, .7. D. H.; Knmaon to
Sirmur, Royle, Edgeworth, &c. Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft., Griffith, &c. Nilghiri
Mrs., Wight, &c.
Nearly glabrous or laxly pubescent throughout. Stem 2 ft. high and more, decum-
bent or suberect, weak, shining, with a line of hairs above. Leaves 14~^ i"-) very
variable in shape, membranous, long or sbortly acuminate, nerves spreading, one intra-
marginal." Cymes glandular pubescent, much branched; pt'duncles and pedicels very
slender, spreading. Sepals pubescent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, i-^ in. Petals notched,
shorter than the sepals. Capsule equalling the calyx. Seeds wrinkled.
3. S. drymarioides, Thwaites Eniim. 24; procumbent, rooting, gla-
brous below, glandular-pubescent above, leaves petioled orbicular or broadly
elliptic acute or apiculate, flowers small densely pubescent.
Ceylon ; Harpootelle pass, alt. 4000 ft., Walker, Thivaites,
Stems slender, Haccid, 4 angled ; branches erect. Leaves \-\\ in. diara., with a few
scattered hairs ; petals ^V-3 iii- ; nerves spreading. Cymes with long slender spreading
peduncles and pedicels, the latter often thickened upwards. Petals 2-fid, half as long
as the sepals. Di-ih 5-lobed. Capsule included, 1-seeded. — Closely allied to S.
paniculata and probably a broad-leaved state of that plant, the foliage and habit closely
resemble Drymaria cordifoUa, which may at once be distinguished by the nervation of
the leaf.
Sect. II. nXalachlum, Fries. Sep(ds free to the base. Stamens hypo-
gynous. Sttjles usually 5. Ovary 1-celled. Capsule with 5 2-fid valves,
many-seeded.
4. S. aquatlca, Scopoli ; slightly glandular above, stem diflfuse decum-
bent angular, leaves ovate-cordate. Cerastium aquaticum, Linn. Mala-
bhium aquaticum, Fries ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 731.
)230 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgewortli & Hook, f.) [Stdlaria.
Temperate Himalaya ; from Nipal to Marri, alt, 4-8000 ft. — Distrib. N. and W.
Asia, N. Africa, Europe.
Perennial. Stem 1-3 ft, brittle, branched, often trailing over bush^^s. Leaves
]-l4 in., membranous, lower shortly petioled, acute, sometimes ciliate. Flowers 4 in.
diam., axillary. Sepals lanceolate, enlarged in fruit. Pctah with diverging lobes.
Capsule 1 in., ovoid, rather exceeding the sepals; peduncle deflexed, curved at the tip.
JSeeds globose, tubercled.
Sect. III. Stellarla proper. Sepah free to the base. Stamens hypo-
gynous or subperi gy nous. Ovary 1- celled ; styles 2-3. Capsule with -1-6
entire valves. Seeds numerous, rarely few.
5. S. media, Linn. ; stem procumbent with aline of hairs, leaves ovate
acuminate lower petioled upper sessile, cymes many-flowered, sepals green
subacute or obtuse, petals shorter than the glandular sepals or 0, stamens
3-10, styles 3, seeds opaque strongly tubercled or echinate. Wall. Cat. 631 ;
Wiglit Ic. t. 947; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 707. S. monogyna, Don Frodr. 215.
Alsinella Wallichiana, Beidh. in Wall. Cat. 630.
Throughout the Panjab, and temperate regions of India, ascending in the Himalaya
to 12,000 ft., and in Western Tibet to 14,500 ft. Ceylon; Newera Ellia, probably
introduced,— Distrib. All Arctic and N. temperate regions, a doubtful mitive elsewhere.
A very common and most variable weed. Stems 6 in. 2 ft., generally much branch«'d,
flaccid, green. Leaves 4-1 i"-. lower long-petioled, ovate or conlate, upper sessile,
elliptic or lanceolate. Flowers axillary and in terminal cymes, ^-^ in. diim.; pedicels
slender, glabrous or glandular-pniiescent. t^cpals obtuse or subacute, Imirv glandular or
covered with raised points. Capsule ovoid, longer than the sepals. Seeds brown,
acutely tubercled. — I lou-ers 4-merou8 and apetaluus in Alpine Sikkim specimens.
6. S. slkkimensis, Ho<jk.f.; decumbent, stems shining below, much
branched laxly pubescent or villous with spreading hairs, leaves small sessile
ovate or ovate-lanceolate rarely cordate, cymes terminal many-tlowered,
sepals lanceolate acuminate pilose nmch exceeding the 2-partite petals,
stamens 10, styles 3, capsule not exceeding tbe sepals.
SiKKiM Himalaya; common, alt. 5-9000 ft., Ilerh. Orifith, J. D. U.
Often forming matted tufts, clothed with flaccid brown 'spreading hairs. Leaves
^-§ in., spreadiu'' recurved or reflexeil, acute, very .shortly-petiolcd, opaque, hairy on
both surfaces and ciliate. Flowers \ in. diam. ; pedicels rather longer than the sepals,
spreading, decurved in iVuit. Sepals with broad scarious margins. Capsule elongate
ovoid, rather longer than the sepals ; valves 5, entire. Seeds many, minute, opaque,
scarcely tubercled. — bubalpine specimens have more coriaceous deflexed l-aves, with
strongly recurved margins. Nearly allied to S. saxatilis, but less perigynous, more
laxly hairy, and cymes much shorter peduncled and terminal.
7. S. semivestita, Edgew. ; more or less woolly, stem elongate stout
decumbent much branclieel leafy, leaves spreading and recurved subulate,
peduncles axillary nnich exceeding the leaves, sepals lanceolate acuminate
with broad scarious margins shorter than the petals, stamens 10, styles 3.
Western Temperate Himalaya ; Kumaon, alt. 6-8000 ft. ; Lohoo-ghat and
Padooka Taola, T. IViomson; Chaur. Slracli. & Wint.
Forming large compact or I.tx tufts. Stems 6-18 in., terete below ; branches ascend-
ing, crowded, very leafy, white with woolly hairs. Leaves 4-| in., gradually recurved
from a broad base, 1-nerved, woolly on both surfaces or glubrate. Flowers 4 in. diam.;
peduncles 1 in., very woolly. Sepals ^ in., very acuminate, back striate, tomentose.
Fetals 2-partite, rather broad. Fruit unknown.
8. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 642 (Leucostemma) ; glabrous, stem slender
decumbent branched leafy, leaves spreading linear or acicular, pedicels
Stellaria.] xviii. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 231
axillary capillary very long, sepals lanceolate acuminate much shorter than
the 2 fid petals, stamens 8, styles 2. Benth. in Royle III. 81, t. 21, f. 2.
Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kumaon to Sirmur, Blink-
worth, &c.
Sterna zigzas:, 6-12 in., 4-angled. Leaven J in., shining, with long acicular points,
1-nerved, sessile, rather rigid. Flowers axillary, suberect, | in, diam. ; pedicels strict,
1-2 in., erect in fruit. Sepals shining, \ in. ; back striate, margins broadly scarions
shining. Pefah 2-fid to about tlie middle, lobe? narrow obtuse. Capsule equalling the
sepals, ovoid, ti-valved. /Seeds pnle-brown, reniform, compressed, back echinate with
long processes.
9. S. latifolla, Benth, in Wall. Cat. 643 (Leucostemma) ; glabrous
below, tomentose above, stems decumbent flaccid laxly tufted, leaves sub-
sessile margins acuminate, lower broad-ovate or cordate, upper elliptic,
pedicels very slender, sepals oblong or subulate-lanceolate much shorter
than the 2-fid petals, stamens 8, styles 2, capsule much shorter than the
sepals. Benlh. in Royle III. 81, t. 21, f. 1.
Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft. ; Kuma,ou,' Blinkworth, &c. ; Gar-
"whal, Falconer.
Stems 2-10 in., flexnous, 4-angled, glabrous, shining except the young, which are
laxly tomentose, much branched. Leaves; lower, 4-§ in-, almost orbicular at timt^s,
shortly petioled, suddenly mucronate, margins thickened, veins diverging, upper smaller
narrower. Flowers 4 i"- diam. ; pedicels terminal and in the uppermost axils, capil-
lary, glabrous. Sepals green, with a narrow scarious border. Pe?a/s_2-fid to about the
middle, lobes oblong obtuse. Capsule short, ovoid, included, membranous, hyaline, ap-
parently bursting irregularly. Seeds orbicular, brown, nearly sniooih.
10. S. bulbosa, Widf, ; rhizome slender creeping tuberiferous, stem
slender simple with a line of hairs, leaves few obovate or elliptic-lanceolate
subacute, pedicel solitary subterminal capillary erect, sepals 4-5 much
shorter than the broad petals. DC. Prodr. i. 397 ; Cesatiin Linn<Ea, xxxii.
253, t. 1. Kraschninnikowia rupestris, Turcz. in Led. Fl. Ross. i. 373.
Temperate Himalaya, in woods at the roots of trees,; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt.
10-12,000 ft., /. D. H. Jamu to Marri, alt. 6-9000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson, &c.—
DiSTRiB. Siberia, Carinthia, N. Italy.
A very peculiar and interesting little plant in respect of structure and distnbution,
confined to Carinthia and Transylvania in Europe, and to Siberia and the Himalayas
in Asia. Stem 1-5 in., erect, very slender. Leaves 2-6 pairs, 1-1^ in. long, rather
fleshy, sessile or contracted into a petiole; margins sometimes ciliate ; midrib slender,
nerves very obscure. Flowers olten dimorphic, the lower on the plant from the inferior
pedicels or rhizomes being minute apetalous and ripening seeds, the subterminal large,
4 in. diam , rarely or not producing seed. Sepals herbaceous, oblong-lanceolate or lan-
ceolate, 4-| in. shorter than the white petals. Anthers purple. Sti/les filiform. Capsule
8-angled, 4-valved to the base. Seeds few, large, tuberculate. — The seeds of Siberian
specimens have long processes on the back.
11. S. tibetica, KurzinRegensh. Flora. 1872, 285 ; whole plant densely
glandular-pubescent, stem ascending rather robust, leaves sessile oblong
subacute or acate, cymes erect peduncled few-flowered, peduncle and pedi-
cels stout, bracts ovate coriaceous, sepals much shorter than the petals,
elliptic acute margins submembranous.
Western Tibet; on limestone rocks near Trantse Lundo, in Kamag, alt.
14_17,000 ft., Dr. StoUczha.
Stem 3-5 in., cylindric, base glabrous shining. Leaves snberect, ^-f in., opaque,
midrib slender, nerves obscure. Cymes auxiliary and terminal, robust ; pedicels longer
or shorter than the flowers, the lateral 2-bracteoiate. Flowers ^ in. diam., erect. CcUyx
232 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [SfcUana.
rounded at the base, quite free. Petals half as lonsr as^ain as the sepals, 2-fid to the
middle. /'i7r<m6w^.j.8lender, hvpogynous. Disk 0. aS'/^^* 3, slender ; ovules numerous,
Capavle broadly ovoid, shorter than the sepals, 6-valved, inserted by a very narrow base.
Seedi (unripe) apparently solitary, large, muricate.
Sect. IV, Iiarbraea, aS'^. Hil. Sepals more or less connate at the base
into an obconic tube. Stamens 8-10, perigynous ; filaments linear or subu-
late, not suddenly dilated at the base. Ovary 1 -celled ; styles 3, rarely 4.
Capsule 4-6-valved; valves entire. Seeds numerous.— Usually flaccid laxly
caespitose herbs.
* More or less pubescent woolly or silky.
12. S. lanata, Hook. J.; stems slender decumbent glabrous below,
branches pedicels sepals and leaves beneath densely woolly, leaves
si»reading and recurved linear-oblong, sepals small oblong acute, petals
minute, stamens 8, styles 3, capsule twice as long as the sepals.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 9-14,000 ft., in gravelly places, /. D. H.
Stevis laxly tufted, veiy slender, 8-12 in., below cylindric and shining; branches
4-angled and leaves beneath clothed with snow-white soft wool. Leaves J-| in., sessile
or subcordate at the base, opaque above, l-nei-ved. narrowed to the pnint, but hirdly
acuminate, dull green. Cymes few-flowered, terminal. J^^lowers ^ m . dium . ; pedicels
rather longer than the leaves, erect in fruit, rarely deflexed. Sepals with narrow
Bcarious margins. Petals very obscure, 2-fid or 2-partite, lobes slender. Capaule oblong-
ovoid, 4-6-valved. Seeds brown, reniform, granulate.
13. S. long'lsslxna, Wall. Cat. 632; stems slender decumbent glabrous
below, branches i)edicels and leaves softly silky, leaves sessile linear-oblong
or -lanceolate spreading or recurved, pedicels slender, sepals narrow-
lanceolate equalling the 2-partite ])etals, stamens 10, capsule shorter than
tlie sepals 5-cleft. S. patens, JJ071 Prodr. 215. S. Fenzliana and S. mollis,
Klotzsch in Bot. lieis. Pr. Waldem. p. 141, t. 29.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Sikkim, J. D. II., to Sirmur,
Jacqiiemovt.
Stems 6-18 in., much-branched, laxly tufted, cylindric below, 4-angled above, upper
parts and leaves on both surfaces and peduncles clothed with lon^ lax hilky hairs. Leaves
f-l| in., sessile, acute, flat, opaque, l-norved. 'Floioers 4 in. diam., axillary or in ter-
minal few-flowered cymes; peduncle erect, J-1 in.; bracts with scarious edges. Sepals
■y in., glabrous, with broaa scarious mart^'ins. Petals with rather broad segments,
usually deeply 2-partite. Filaments slender. Capsule ovoid, 5 valved. Seeds dark-
brown, minute, turgid, tubercled. — Klotzsch's L. Pemlii is distinguished by the more
deeply divided petals and by being less pubescent.
14. S. sazatllls, Ilamilt. in Wall. Cat 634; stem long decumbent
shining, upper parts densely soft tomentose, leaves subsessile ovate elliptic
or oblong rarely cordate acute tomentose on botii surfaces, cymes axillary,
sepals tomentose exceeding the 2-partite petals, stamens 10, styles 3-4,
capsules equalling the sepals. Don Prodr. 215.
Tkmperate Eastern and Central Himalaya; Nipal, WalUch ; Bhotan, in wet
places, alt. 5-7000 ft., Griffith. Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., iSimons, &c.— Dibtrib.
Java, Siberia, Japan.
Stems 2-3 ft., laxly tufted, cylindric ; pubescence of the upper parts, leaves and inflo-
rescence close dense almost woolly, sometimes very thick and closely appressed. Leaves
^-li in., sessile or very shortly petioled, midrib faint. Cymes on slender peduncles,
usually from the forks, very slender, subunibellately branched, pedicels 1-1 ^ in., diva-
ricating ; bracts linear-subulate. Flowers ^ in. diam. Sepals almost woolly, oblong,
acute, margin very narrowly membranous. Petals 2-partite. Filmnents slender.
Capsule 5- valved. Seeds almost black, tubercled. — Some Bhotan specimens have very
Stellaria.] xviii. caryophylleje. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 233
^densely tomentose cordate thick almost coriaceous leaves. The Javanese have recurved
much more glabrous and acute leaves.
** Glabrous, or leaves ciliolate tmuards the base only.
15. S. graxninea, Linn. ; glabrous, stem very slender (rarely short)
suberect 4-angled, leaves sessile narrow linear-oblong acute, margins
thickened smooth often ciliate towards the base, cymes terminal branched
or reduced to one flower, sepals linear-oblong 3-nerved margin narrow equal-
ling the petals, stamens 10, capsule shorter than the sepals. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
i. 707.
Western Tibet; alt. 11-15,000 ft., 21 TAowsow. — Distrib. Afifghanistan to W.
Europe.
Everywhere glabrous except the margins of the leaf towards its base. Stems
3-10 in., suberect or decumbent and tufted, shining, 4-angled. Leaves \-l in., sessile,
narrowed at the base, sides almost parallel, opaque, somewhat glaucous, midrib and
nerves obscure, margins thickened, quite smooth, sometimes undulate. Cymes spread-
ing; pedicels very slender, divaricating, |-1 in.; bracts oblong-lanceolate, with broadly
scarious margins. Flowers erect, about ^ in. diam. Sepals green, shining, obtuse or
acute. Petals 2-partite. Filaments slender. Styles 3. Capsule always shorter than
the sepals, 5-6-valved. Seeds orange-brown, granulate.
Var. montioides ; stems short densely tufted, leaves small short, cyme reduced to
1 flower.— Alt. 15-17,000 ft.
16. S. g'lauca, Withering ; quite glabrous, stem suberect or erect
4-angled, leaves sessile oblong or linear-lanceolate acuminate, margins
thickened perfectly glabrous, pedicels subsolitary terminal and axillary
slender spreading in fruit, sepals linear-oblong half as long as the broad
2-lobed petals, stamens 10, capsule equalling the sepals. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i.
708.
Western Temperate Himalaya; Lahul, Jaesclihe; Western Tibet, Indus valley,
T. Thomson. — Distkib. Siberia, W. Asia, Europe, Oreenland.
Perennial. Stems 1-2 ft., slender. Leaves 1-2 in., sessile, base rounded, ascending
or erecto-patent, midrib distinct, nerves obscure. Flowers J-| in. diam. ; pedicels
rather stout, stric^t, 1-3 in.; bracts membranous. /Se^a/s oblong- or lanceolate-oblong,
acute or acuminate, green, 3-nerved, margins bi'oadly scarious. Filaments slender.
Capsule broadly ovoid, equalling the sepals, on rather spreading pedicels. Seeds
strongly granulate.
17. S. ulig'inosa, Linn.; glabrous or with a few hairs at the base
of the leaves, stems slender 4-aMgled, leaves sessile small ovate or oblong,
lanceolate, cymes axillary and terminal, pedicels at length defle^ed, sepals
lanceolate acute, petals minute or 0, stamens 10, styles 3, capsule equalling
or a little exceeding the sepals. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 708. S. thymifolia,
Wall. Cat. 636 (apetalous, leaves short broad). S. aquatica, Poll. ; Wall. Cat.
635 (glaucous, leaves oblong).
Temperate and x\lpine Himalaya; in wet places, from 4-10,000 ft. (to 16,000 fl.
in Sikkim), common. Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft. IS'ilghiri Mts., Wight. — Distrlb.
Temperate N. Hemisphere.
Animal, very variable in size and habit, much branched, very leafy and copiously
flowering, often glaucous. Stem 6-18 in., erect or diffuse. Leaves rarely | in., with
often thickened sometimes undulate margins and mucronate tip. Cymes slender,
peduncles short or long ; bracts scarious. Flowers ^ in. diam., sometimes solitary,
pedicels slender. Calyx-tube obscure. Filaments slender. Capsule ovoid, 6-valved.
Seeds small, minutely tubercled.
18. S. subuxnbellata, Edgew. ; perfectly glabrous, stem very slender
ascending, leaves sessile linear or elliptic-oblong acute, cymes terminal or
234 xvni. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edg-Gworth & Hook, f.) [Stellariu.
flowers solitary, pedicels capillary deflexed in fruit, flowers very sin all, sepals
ovate-lanceolate acute, petals 0, stamens 5, styles 3, capsule cylindric twice
as long as the sepals.
Interior of the Rikkim Himalaya, alt. 12-16,000 ft., J.D.B. Western Tibet;
Nubfa, alt. 11-15.000 ft., T. Thomson.
Stems 6 in. high in Niibra specimens very slender simple, stouter shorter and more
tufted in the Sikkim ones. Leaves ^-\ in., with thickened margin and tip, not nnicro-
nate. Flowers^ \n. di\dixa..\ pedicels 4-1 in- ", bracts scarioiis. Coli/x base obscure;
sepals green, stninglv 3-nerved, with broad scarious margins. Filaments slender.
Styles short. Capsule ^ in. l"))g, straiglit, 5-valvcd. tSeeds pale brown, distinctly
granulate. — Very near the Baikal <?. umhellatt, Turcz. (Led, Flor. Ross. i. 394), but
the bracts are not numerous and crowded, and the seeds are not perfectly smooth, but
strongly granulate.
19. S. depauperata, Edgew. ; quite glabrous, stems slender flexuous
red-brown, leaves spreading and recurved sessile oblong-lanceolate acute,
pedicels few axillary and terminal elongate curved wiry, flowers small,
calyx with a broad turbinate base, sepals lanceolate acute petals 0, styles 3
very short, capsule 6-valved, seeds few.
Alpine Sikkim Hlmalaya ; Yenmtong in gravelly places, alt. 1.5,000 ft,, /. D. H.
A very singular little species, of which there are but few specimens, all gathered in
one spot. Stems 3-4 in., wiry, flexuous, 4-angled, dark red brown. Leaves tew, \ ^ in.,
in distant pairs. Pedicels \-^ in. long, wiry, floxuous. Cah/x base large and bn>a<l ;
sepals I in., dark green with broad scarious edges. Filaments linear. Ovary short,
ovoid; styles 3, very short. Capsule shorter than the sepals. — The structure of the
flower approaches that of Sect. Adenonema.
Sect. V. Adenonema, Bunge. Sejxih connate at the broad base.
Petals minute or 0, rarely equalling the sepal'?. Stamens 8-10, perigynous ;
filaments dilated at the base. Disk glandular. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3.
Capsule 3-5-valved. Seeds 1 or few or many. — Densely tufted Alpine
herbs.
20. S. decumbens, FAlgeiv. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 35 ; laxly or
densely tufted, usually very shining, stems stout or slender and i)edicels
densely pubescent or villous, branches 8[)arse or closely imbricate often
fascicled in axillary globose tufts, ovate or oblong or lanceolate-subulate
acicular-pointed (rarely acute or obtuse) 1-nerved, margins thickened gla-
brous or ciliate, flowers solitary or cymose, sepals 4-5 oblong-l.-tnceolate,
petals usually very short 2-partite narrow, capsule shorter than the sepals,
seeds 2-8 opaque nearly suiooth suborbicular.
Alpine and Siiualpine Himalaya, in rocky and grav.lly places, alt. 11-15,000 ft.
(18,000 ft. in Sikkim).
A very common and variable Alpine Himalayan plant, allied to S. petrcea, Bungc,
but at once distinguished by its shorter shining le.ss rigid leaves, and denser pubes-
cence. — We are quite unable to distinguish the folfewing varieties specifically, though
var. 4 is less connected by intermediates than the others, and may be different.
a. Flowers solitary.
Var. 1; tufts large lax shining 6-18 in. broad, leaves | in. usually imbricate
often in axillary tufts usually ovato-siil)ulate, sepals .5, petals minute. — S. petrjea,
Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. (not of Bnnge). — Sikkim and Kunawar.
Var. 2. Edgeworthii; tufts lax shining, stems slender, leaves sparse slender spread-
ing \ in. subulate-lanceolate, petals minute. — S. decumbens, Edgew. I.e. — Kumaon.
Var. 3. minor ; stems slender 2-4 in., leavps shining or not J in. ovate- or lanceolate-
subulate often in axillary fascicles, sepals 4, petals minute. — Sikkim.
Vae. 4. Stracheyi; stems slender 2-4 in., leaves J in, not shining ovate-subulate,
Stellaria.] xviii. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Ed^eworth & Hook, f.) 285
petals equalling the 5 sepals —Kumaon, alt. 12-13,000 ft., Str. & Wint. [tvith S. & W.
No. 6). ^
Var. 5. pulvinata; forming dense globose or cushion-like masses, opaque or shining,
leaves densely imbricate ovate-subulate or the lower ob]6ng and rounded at the tip
usually ciliate, sepals 4-5 coriaceous. — Garwhal, at great elevations, 16-18,000 ft.,
Str. d' Wint. ; Western Tibet, T. Thomson ; Sikkim, /. D. H.
h. Flowers cymose.
Var. 6. polyantha; tufts dense shining, stem stout, leaves \-\ in., ovate- or lanceo-
late-subulate ciliate or pubescent, cymes sessile many-flowered, sepals 5, petals minute.
— Kashmir, Royle; Sikkim, J.D.H.
Var. 7. acicularis; stems lax and leaves very shining, leaves erecto-patent rigid
narrow subulate-lanceolate keeled, margins smooth, cymes pedimcled lax many-
flowered, bracts large concave scarious, sepals 4-5, petals minute, — Sikkim, at Tungu,
alt. 12-14,000 ft.
12. BRACKVSTEBZl^A, Don.
A diffuse subscandent branching herb. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers
numerous, in axillary or terminal panicles. /S'^^^a/s 5,subscarious. Petals 5,
minute, narrow and quite entire. Stamens 10, 5 without anthers. Ovary
1-celled ; styles 2; ovules 4. Cop.si^/e globose, depressed, 4- valved, 1 -seeded.
Seed reniform or globose, tuberculate.
1. B. calycinum, Don Prodr. 646 ; Fenzl in Endl. Atakt. t. 16.
Temperate Central and Eastrrn Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt.
4-7000 ft., J. D. H. ; Bhotan, Griffith; Khasia Mrs., alt. 3000 ft.
Glabrous Stems 6-8 ft., clambering amongst bushes, 4-angled, shining, brittle.
Leaves 1^-3 in., petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous beneath, triple-nerved, mar-
gins obscurely crenulate. Cymes 3-6 in., pedicelled, terminating lateral branches
or axillary ; bracts linear; pedicels slender. Flowers ^-§ in. diam. Sepals oblong-
lanceolate. Petals, stamens and pistil all very small compared with the scarious sepals.
13. ABENABIA, Linn.
Annual or perennial, often tufted herbs. Leaves broad or narrow.
Flowers white or pink, solitary or in dichotoinous cymes. SejMls 5. Pet(ds
5, entire lacerate or retuse, never 2-fid or 2-partite, rarely 0. Stamens 5,
perigynous or subhypogynous. Stamens 10, rarely 5, hypogynous or more
often inserted on the perigynous lobed or annular disk. Ovary 1 -celled ;
styles 3-4 (rarely 2) ; ovules usually many. Capsule short, rarely exceeding
the sepals, valves 2-6. Seeds compressed or turgid, smooth or tubercled. —
DiSTEiB. Species about 130, all natives of cold and temperate regions.
A. Capsule with as many valves (usually 3) as there are styles.
Sect. I. Alsine. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves in the Indian spe-
cies broad fiat. Flowers small, cymose white. Calyx not thickened at the
base. Styles 3. Seeds compressed, striate or granulate.
1. A. trichotoma, Poyle mss. ; perennial erect, dichotomously
branched, branches long strict spreading finely pubescent, leaves glabrous
linear or linear-oblong from a broad sessile base, cymes long peduncled tri-
chotomous, pedicels slender, bracts scarious, petals equalling or exceeding
the ovate-oblong acute broadly-margined sepals, seeds 3-5 orbicular com-
pressed.
Western Temperate Himalaya; Kunawar, alt. 8-' 0,000 h., Jacquemont, BoyU,
&c. — DiSTRiB. Aflghanistan.
iJ early glabrous, 1-1 ^ ft. Stems rather stout and flexuous at the base ; branches terete,
236 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Arenaria.
very strict. Leaves ^-14 in. in distant pairs, or spuriously whorled, subacute, thick,
opaque, 1-nerved, acute, margins somewhat recurved. Cymes very lax, strict, slender,
branches and pedicels very long ; bracts and bracteoles small. Flowers \ in. diani.,
erect. Calyx rounded and not hardened at the base ; sepals quite glabrou-^, obscurely
1-nerved. Styles 3, slender. Capsule subglabrous, 3-vaIved. Seeds striolate, much
compressed, pale red-brown.
2. A. Ztleyeri, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 682 (Alsine) ; annual, fastigiately
dichotomous, clothed with spreading glandular hairs, leaves suberect subu-
late 7-nerved, pedicels short, sepals rigid subulate-lanceolate strongly nerved,
petals very short, seeds small granulate.
I^ANJAB, near Peshawur, Vicary, Stewart. — Distrib. Affghanistan, and westward to
Syiia and A.sia Minor.
A small ri^'id erect annual, 4-6 in. Stems cylindric. Leaves ^-h in., more or less
recurved. Calyx ^ in. long; base rounded or suKacute ; sepals erect, rigid, green,
slightly recurved, pungent, outer 5-, inner 3-neived, nerves and margins white. Petals
ovate-oblong. Stamens sometimes 6 and 7. Styles 3. Capsule oblong, much shorter
than the sepals, 3 valved. Seeds red-brown, orbicular reniform, compressed.
3. A. foliosa, Royle mss. ; quite glabrous, loosely tufted, stems much
branched, brandies slender leafy, leaves very narrow linear subacute spread-
ing often flexuous 1-3-nerved, cymes long-peil uncled subumbellate, brac-
teoles short ovate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate strongly 3-nerved
shorter than the entire petals, capsule ovoid rather longer than the sepals,
valves recurved, seeds reniform dorsally granulate. Alsine lloylei, Feud
in Herb. Btnth.
Western Subalpine Himalaya, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from Garwhal to Kashmir, Royle,
Jacquemonf, &c.
Perennial, branched from the base; branches 2-6 in., loosely or densely leafy.
Leaves ^-§ in., usually spreading, never rigid or pungent, not -^^ in. broad, bright
green. Peduvcles sparingly leafy, strict, erect ; bracts and bracteoles coriaceous, acute,
coMcave; petlicels equalling or exceeding the sepals. Calyx rounded and not indu-
rated at tne base ; sepals J in., coriaceous, pungent, nerves much raised, inner with
scarioufi edges. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds small, pale brown. — Perhaps' a form of yl.
jvnijyerina, Fenzl (Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 677), a native of Persia and W. Asia.
4. A. kashmlrica, Edgew. ; glandular-pubescent rarely glabrous,
densely tufted, stems much branched, branches leafy, leaves narrowly linear-
subulate acute spreading strongly 3-nerved, cymes peduncled subumbellate,
bracteoles ovate-subulate strongly nerved, sejials ovate-lanceolate acuminate
strongly 3-nerved shorter than the entire petals, capsule ovoid rather longer
than the sepals, valves recurved.
Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-7000 ft., T. Thomson; Lahul, Jaeschke;
Western Tibet, Falconer.
Very similar to A. foliosa, but usually glandular-pubescent throughout, leaves more
subulate. and rigid, very strongly nerved, lateral nerves often marginal, and bracts very
different ; Howers smaller ; pedicels often shorter than the sepals ; petals longer ; the
capsule and seeds are similar.
B. Capsule with twice as many valves as there are styles.
Sect. IL Eremo^oneeB, Perennials, u.sually densely tufted. Leaves
crowded, subulate rigid setaceous or grass-like. Sepcih often hardened at
the base. Disk-glands usually large.
* Peduncles elongate. Flowers usually ajmose,
5. A. festucoidesy BetUh. in Royk III. 81, t, 21, f. 3 ; densely tufted,
Arenaria,] xviii. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 287
leaves densely crowded subulate pungent rigid recurved 1-nerved beneath
ciliolate, peduncles 1- or few-flowered glandular-pubescent, sepals lanceolate
or subulate-lanceolate straight or recurved 1-3-nerved, margins broadly
scarious shorter than the petals, capsule oblong 5-6-valved to the base
shorter than the sepals, seeds flat with a narrow fimbriate wing.
Western Alpine Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kunawar; alt. 11-13,000 ft., Boyle,
Jacquemont, &c. Western Tibet, Karnali river, alt. 15,500 ft., Strach. & Wint.
Very variable iu stature, 2-8 in. Leaves with axillary fascicles, ^-\^ in., shining,
rather concave above, usually recurved, pungent, margin cHiolate, nerve strong beneath.
Peduncle 1-6 in., erect or curved, leafy, U rarely 2-5-flowered, always very glandular ;
bracts ovate-subulate, with broadly scai'ious margins ; pedicels shorter or longer than
the sepals. Calyx scarcely thickened at the base ; sepals \ to nearly \ in., from ovate-
lanceolate to subulate lanceolate, sometimes falcate, long acuminate, pungent, margin
broadly scarious, back green with 3 approximate nerves, glabrous or glandular-pubescent.
Petals sometimes twice as long as the sepals, obovate, variable in length and breadth.
Capsule coriaceous, rarely equalling the sepals. Seeds very flat, pale.
Var. imbricata ; smaller, stems very short densely tufted, leaves \ in., peduncles
very short. ? A. imbricata, J/, Bieb. Fl. Tuur. Cauc. i. 344, which differs only in the
capsule exceeding the sepals. — Ledebour and Boissier {Fl. Orient, i. 673), both refer
A. imbricata to Alsine, but the capsule in original specimens is distinctly 6-valved.
6. A. Griffithii, Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 697 ; suff'ruticose, tufted, glabrous
or glandular, leaves densely crowded short subulate pungent rigid straight
or recurved 1-nerved beneath ciliolate, peduncle several-flowered, sepals
ovate acute concave obscurely nerved shorter than the petals, capsule glo-
bose 6-valved shorter than the sepals.
Western Tibet ; Dras valley, alt. 8-10,000 ft., T. Thomson. — Distrib. Affghanistan.
A more robust species than A. festucoides, with usually shorter though quite as ris^d
leaves, short concave ovate-subulate bracts, more numerous and smaller flowers, calyx
rounded and much thickened at the base, broader sepals, and a globose or very broadly
ovoid coriaceous capsule.
** Flowers always solitary, sessile or very shortly pedicelled.
7. A. musciforxnis, Wall. Cat. 6401 ; glabrous, most densely tufted,
root long woody, stem very short densely leafy, leaves subulate spreading
and recurved rigid minutely ciliate, flowers sessile solitary, sepals oblong-
lanceolate acute 3-nerved rather shorter and narrower than the linear
obovate petals.
Alpine Eastern and Western Tibet, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Welh, Jacquemont;
Balch pass, Strach. <& Winterb.; Karakoram and Parang passes, &c., T. Thomson;
Tibetan Sikkim, alt. 15-16,000 ft., /. D.R.
Forming matted hard tufts ; roots very long, strong, woody. Leaves subsquarrose
when dry pale green, ^-^ in., with broad sheathing scarious bases, 1-nerved below.
Flowers sessile, solitary, ^ in. diam. Calyx narrow subtruncate and hardened at the
base ; sepals green with broad scarious margins, outer 3-, inner 1-nerved. Petals per-
sistent, tip rounded. Filaments long, slender. Styles 3, slender. Capsule apparently
never fertilized in the specimens collected, small, globose, 5-6-valved to the base.— The
leaves of the Sikkim specimen are ^ in., which is longer than those of the Western
Himalaya.
8. A. polytrichoides, ^c/^(?m;. ; most densely tufted, branches together
with the most densely imbricating leaves cylindric, leaves sliort spreading
and recurved subulate from a broad scarious sheathing base rigid pungent,
channelled in front convex on the back, margins thickened obscurely ciliate
towards the base, flowers minute subsessile, sepals broadly elliptic obtuse,
petals larger broadly obovate, capsule broad equalling the sepals.
238 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Ed^Gworth & Hook, f.) [Arenaria.
Tibetan reirion of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 14-17,000 ft., /. D. H.
Forming hemisphirical moss-like tufts of densely packed cylindric stems 1-4 in. long,
clotlied with old leaves below, together with the<se about | in. diam. Leaves ^-\ in.,
bright green, shining. Peduncles lengthening a little in fruit. Calyx roundc^d and
much thickened at the base; sepals fV ^"-1 ^'^''J obtuse, concave, without scarious mar-
gins, obscurely 3-nerved. Petals broader and longer than the sepals, obovate. FilamenU
slender. /Styles 3. Capsule broadly ovoid, coriaceous, 1-celled, shortly 5-6-valved.
jSeeds small, black, rather angular, nearly smooth.
9. A. monticola, Edgtw.; glabrous, very densely tufted, branches
densely leafy, leaves short spreadinj^ and recurved subulate from a broad
scarious slieathmg base rigid tip acicular margin thickened minutely
ciliate, midrib prominent on both surfjices, fli)ral larger lanceolate-subulate
scarious, flowers large sessile, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate witli 3 close-
set green nerves in the axis much smaller than the broad obovate petals.
Tibetan region of the S.kkim Himalaya, alt. 15-16,000 ft., /. D. H.
Forming large 8ubsquarro>e green patches, 6-12 in. broad; roots long, woody;
branches with the leaves about § in. diam. L aves ^ in., rigid, midrib very strong,
briu'ht green, shining. Flowers '\ in. dianj., bracteate by tlie 2 upper pairs of leaves.
Calyx truncate, not thickened at the base ; sepals ^ in., nerves very strong, approxi-
mate. Petals 4 in. long, persistent, white, shortly clawed. Filaments slender. Styles
3, slender. Cajisule apparently never fertilized, small, subglobose, 6-valved.
' 10. A. pulvinata, Edcjew. ; densely tufted, branches densely leafy,
leaves short subulate from a scarious sheathing base semi- cylindric mucro-
nate margin not thickened strongly ciliate, midrib usually obsolete, flowers
sessile, sepals ovate-lanceolate subacute with 3 close-set nerves in the axis
much smaller than the obovate petals.
Tibetan region of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 15-18,000 ft., /. D.H.
Forming suiall subglobose densely compacted subsquarrose tufts; branches with the
leaves on \-}^ in. diam., pale green. Leaves spreading and recurved, \-\ in., vi-ry
strongly ciliate, almost fimbriate towards the base, flat above, back convex up to the
tip, which is abruptly mucronate. Flowers | in, diam., not bracteate by the enlarged
upper leaves (as in A. monticola). Calyx .rovndcd and thickened at the base; sepals
vith hard scarious njargins, about half as large as the })etals. Disk-(,lands distinct.
Filaments slender. StylfS 3, slender. Capsule ovoid, about ^ in., shorter than the
sepals, 6-valved, Seeds obovaterenifurm, nearly smooth, pale,
11. A. oreopbila, Ilooh. f. ; nearly glabrous, densely tufted, stems
shoit densely leafy, leaves spreading and recurved rigid narrowly linear-
subulate from a broad sheathing base semi-cylindric' acute margins not
thickened quite glabrous, midrib obsolete, flowers very shortly pedicelled,
sepals nearly orbicular concave nerveless half as long as the narrow
obovate-spathulate petals.
Tibetan region of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 18,000 ft., /. D. H.
f Forming small subglobose dens.-ly compacted tufts ; branches with the leaves \-^ in.
diam. Leaves nearly ^ in. long, spreading, nearly flat above, convex to the tip be-
neath ; uppermost pair short, bract-like, ciliolate. Flowers ^ in. diam., solitary;
pedicel shorter than the calyx, stout, puberulous Calyx rounded and somewhat thick-
ened at the base ; sepals coriaceous, ciiiolate. Petals vary narrow, tip rounded.
Filaments s'ender. Disk glands prominent. Styles short. Capsule broadly ovoid,
obtuse, rather exceeding the sepals, coriaceous, 6-valved to the base. Seeds ear-
shaped.
14. A. g'lobiflora, Wall. Cat. 639; densely tufted, stems short pubescent
densely leafy, leaves spreading subulate-lanceolate imngent from a narrow
membranous base concave 1 -nerved, margin scaberulous, flowers globose,
Arenaria.] xviii. caryophyle^. (Edg-eworth & Hook, f.) 239
pedicels short pubescent with several pairs of ovate pungent bracts, sepals
orbicular-oblong palmately veined rather shorter than the orbicular-ovate
petals. Fe?izl in Ann. Mies. Wien. i. 60, t. 7. Cherleria grandifiora, Don
Frodr. 214.
Alpine region of the Nipal Himalaya, at Gosain-than, Wullich.
Forming small compact hemispherical tufts ; roots long, fusiform. Stems 1-2 in.
Leaves '6 in., rigitl, base ciHate. Flowers ^ in. diam., peduncle about as long, with
2-3 pairs of concave bracts. Calyx rounded at trie base; sepals membranous, mar-
gins very thin, arose. Petals retuse. Filaments very rigid, subulate, cohering into an
annular disk at the base. Ovary spherical ; styles 2-3, short. Capsule much shorter
than the sepals, membranous, 6-valved. — Don describes the flowers as rose-coloured,
which we cannot affirm, and the stigmas as capitate, which is not the case, nor do we
find the capsule to be 3-celled, as Don says it is.
13. A. densissima, Wcdl Cat. 640 ; densely tufted, stems clothed with
the imbricating leaf-bases, leaves recurved subulate-lanceolate from a narrow
base pungent concave nerveless keeled below, margin quite smooth, flowers
axillary solitary shortly pedicelled, bracts elliptic concave mucronate, sepals
ovate half as long as the very narrow petals. FenzlinMm. Wien. i. 60, t. 7.
Cherleria juniperina, Don Frodr. 214.
Alpine ? region of the Nipal Himalaya, Gosain-than, Wallich.
Forming large compact tufts ; roots long, woody. Stems crowded, 3-4 in., densely
leafy, rigid, fragile. Leaves |-^ in., almost deflexed, shining. Flowers very suiall.
Sepals subacute, ^-^ in. long. Fttals liuear-spathulate. Capsule globose.
Sect. IV. Euthalia. Lax or tufted, usually perennial. Leaves ovate
or oblong, broad, never subulate. Flowers cymose or solitary. Di^k usually
conspicuous. Capsule 6-valved. Seeds numerous, rarely few.
* Cymes few- or many- rarely \-Jlowered,
14. A. serpyllifolia, Linn.; annual, stem pubescent all round exces-
sively branched, branches decumbent or suberect, leaves subsessile uvate
acuminate 1-3- nerved ciliate, cymes many-flowered, bracts leafy, sepals 3-5-
ribbed pubescent. Boiss. Fl. Orieiit. i. 701 ; Wall. Cat. 637. A. Wallichiana,
Seringe in Wall. Cat. 638.
^ Subtropical and Temperate Himalaya, from Nipal to Kashmir; Rohilkund and
the Panjab, alt. 1-11,000 ft.; Western Tibet, alt. 11-13,000 ft., T. Thomson.—
DiSTRiB. Aflghanistan, Temp. Europe and Asia.
Branching from the root, many-flowered; branches 2-10 in., slender, dichotomously
branched, leafy, hairs often recurved. Leaves \-lm.y rather rigid. Flowers ^-\ in.
diam. ; pedicels slender, strict, eiect in flower, erect or spreading in fruit. Sepals ovate-
lanceolate much exceeding the petals. Capsule 6-valved, ovoid, about as long as the
sepals. Seeds tubercled.
15. A. neel^errensis, Wight <& Am. Frodr. 43 ; annual, stem pubes-
cent on one side much branched, branches decumbent, leaves subsessile
elliptic or obovate obtuse or mucronulate 1 -nerved ciliate, cymes few- or
many-flowered, bracts leafy, sepals ovate acute 1 -nerved, nerve pubescent.
North-West Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft., from Jamu to Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c.
NiLGHiRi Mts., Wight, &c.
Very similar to A. serpyllifoUa, but of laxer habit, leaves more elliptic often petio-
late sometimes obovate, branches chiefly hairy on one side, sepals usually broader and
seeds less tubercled, but these characters are far from satisfactory. — Wight and Arnott
describe the petals as longer than the sepals, which is not a constant character, and the
"styles as varying from 2-4.
240 xviii. CARYOPHYLLKiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Arcn/iria.
16. A. orbiculata, i?o?//e mss.; biennial or perenniaH, branches very
slender nearly glabrous decumbent, leaves sessile or shortly petioled orbi-
cular or elliptic obtuse or apiculate 1 -nerved, petiole ciliate, aepals ovate or
lanceolate 1-nerved glabrous.
Temperate Himalaya, from Bhotan, Griffith, and Sikkim, alt. 8-13,000 ft., to
Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft.
Much more slender and less dichotoniously hranched than A. serpytlifolia, to which
it is closely alHed. Branches 2-10 in., thinly pubescent chiefly on one side. Leaves
^-J in., nearly glabrous. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes. Sepals about
1 in., nerve often ftiint. Petals shorter than the sepals. Seech many, smooth. — Appa-
rently very near the West Asiatic A. rotundifolia, M. Bieb. (Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 700),
but the branches do not root, and the cymes are much fewer-flowered.
*■* Floivers solitary. — Usually small tufted large-Jlowered alphie species. "^
17. A. ciliolata, Fdr/ew.; perennial, hairy, eglandular, laxly tufted,
stems short leafy pubescent, leaves ovate or oblong acute cusjjidate or acu-
minate nerveless fringed with long liexuous jointed hairs, flowers large
solitary sessile or shortly pedicelled, sepals lanceolate acute ciliate shorter
than the broadly obovate white petals.
Sikkim Himalaya; alt. 15-17,000 ft., J. D. H.
Perennial, forming rather lax patches ; roots fibrous. Stems matteJ, 2-3 in., with
2 obscure Hues of hairs. Leaves spreading, \ in., sometimes elliptic, rather thick,
obscurely 1-nerved, shining when old, margin obscurely thickened, hairs brown when
dry, sometimi'S scattered over the surfaces, but chiefly confined to the margin. Floioera
nearly 4 i"- diam. ; pedicels shorter thin the leaves, very pubescent, ebracteatfj.
Calyx rather rounded at the base ; sepals of the texture of the leaves, edges hardly
membranous, nerve obscure. Petals with i-Dunded tips. Filaments subulate, flattened,
connate at the base. Styles 3, slender. Capsule imperfect, small, globose, 6valved.
18. A. g'landuli^era, Edgew.; densely glandular-pubescent, stems
short laxly tufted suberect, leaves lax ovate or elliptic-oblong acute or
acuminate flat, nerves obscure, flowers solitary pedicelled terminal erect or
inclined, calyx rounded at the base, sepals spreading and recurved linear
acute or obtuse glandular much smaller than the obovate rosy petals, cap-
sule 6-valved shorter than the sepals.
Alpine Himalaya; Kashmir, Falconer; Barji Kang pass, Kumaon, alt. 14,500 ft.,
Strach. & Wint.; interior of Sikkim, alt. 14-18,000 ft., /. D. II.
Allied to A. cili'data, and of the same habit, but smaller and densely glandular-
pubescent, without the long flexuous articulate hairs of that plant, having also much
smaller flowers. Stems numerous from the root, J -2 in., rather stout shining and
glabrous below, laxly leafy. Leaves ^-\ in., pale green, glandular on both surfaces,
soft, opaque, margins hardly thickened. Flowers ^-\ in. diam, ; pedicel usually
shorter, slender. Calyx thickened at the base ; sepals with membranous margins.
Filaments flattened and united at the base in a glandular ring. Styles 3. Capsule
membranous, few-seeded. Seeds pale.
19. A. Stracheyi, Edgew. ; quite glabrous, stems short laxly tufted
suberect, leaves lax narrow linear-oblong acute or acuminate flat, nerves ob-
scure, flowers solitary pedicelled terminal erect or inclined, sepals suberect
lanceolate acuminate smaller than the obovate petals, capsule 6-valved
shorter than the sepals.
Westkrv Tip,et, north of Kumaon, near Eakas Tal, alt. 15,500 ft., Strach. tfe
Winterh. ; Ladak, Steicart.
This belongs to the same group as A. glanduligera and ciUolata, and may be recog-
nised by being perfectly glabrous. Stems 1-2 iu., ascending, simple. Leaves fleshy,
Aremria.] xviii. caryophylle^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 241
5-| in., very pale when dry, tip acute rather cartilaginous, margins not thickened, mid-
rib very obscure. Flower 4-| in. diam. ; pedicel short, stout, ebracteate. Sepals coria-
ceous. Petals apparently white. Seeds small, somewhat ear-shaped, pale, opaque,
nearly smooth.
20. A. melandryoides, Edgew. ; glandular-pubescent, stems laxly
tufted suberect, leaves lax oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate obtuse coria-
ceous 1-nerved, flowers terminal solitary pedicelled nodding, calyx truncate
at the base, sepals erecto-recurved obtuse glandular much shorter than the
linear rose-coloured petals, capsule 4-6-valved exceeding the calyx.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 14-18,000 ft., J. D. H.
Perennial ; roots slender fibrous. Stem 2-4 in. long, laxly fascicled, branched from the
base ; branches cylindric, erect or ascending, simple or sparingly divided, naked below.
Leaves ^-§ in., in rather distant pairs, sessile, dull green or purplish, glandular on both
surfaces, almost fleshy. Flowers solitary, terminal, rarely axillary, |-1 in. diam.,
pedicel short and curved in flower, densely glandular, much elongated strict and erect
in fruit. Calyx subcampanulate, thickened at the base; sepals \ in. long, narrow,
green, nerveless, margins not membranous. Petals very variable, sometimes | in. long,
tip rounded. Filaments slender. Disk-glands inconspicuous. Styles 2-3. Capside
ovoid, exceeding the calyx, 4- or 6-valved, membranous. Seeds large, irregularly
formed, testa pale spongy (young seeds orbicular and broadly wintred). — A very curious
plant, with something of the habit of Stellaria cerastioides, very glandular, with pink or
purplish flowers. It unites this section with the following. The testa is very lax and
appears in the immature seed as a broad white wing around the undeveloped nucleus.
Sect. V. liepyrodiclis, Fend (gen.). Flaccid usually tall herbs. Leaves
broad, flat. Petals often erose or lacerate. Flowers cymose. Bisk annular
or obsolete. Styles 2, rarely 3. Capsules 2-6-valved, membranous, 1-6-seeded.
Seeds with a thick or tubercled testa.— This section is usually upheld as a
genus and described as having a distinct disk, 2-3-valved capsule, and only
2-4 seeds, but we find none of these characters to hold good.
21. A. holosteoides, Edgew. ; a tall slender flaccid glabrous or pube-
rulous much branched herb, leaves linear or linear-oblong from a broad
sessile cordate base acute or acuminate, cymes few-flowered, pedicels slender
divaricate, sepals obtuse and petals very variable, tip retuse not lacerate,
capsule 2-6-valved 1-6-seeded, seeds large tubercled. Lepyrodiclis holo-
stei)idt's, Fenzl in Ledeh. Fl. Ross. i. 359 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 686. Gouffeia
crassiuscula, Camh. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 30.
Western Temperate Himalaya and Western Tibet, from Kumaon to Kashmir,
alt. 7-12,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.— Distrib. Affghanistan, Soongaria, and Westward
to Asia Minor.
Whole plant glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Stem 2-3 ft., much dichotomously
branched, shining and striate when dry. Leaves 1-3 in., spreading, midrib and very
oblique nerves exceedingly slender. Cymes pedicelled. Flowers J-^ in. diam., white,
nodding; pedicels ^- J in, ebracteate. Calyx not thickened at the base ; sepals from
linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate-oblong, green with membranous edges, glabrous or
very hairy and glandular at the back. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals, linear-
spathulate or broadly obovate, notched or letuse. Filaments with broad flattened free
bases. Dii^k 0. Styles 2-3, filiform, elongate. Capsule subglobose, shorter than the
calyx, very membranous, variable in size, 2-6-valved to the base. Seeds on tumid funi-
cles, variable in number and size, turgid, red brown or blackish, with concentric rows
of acute tubercles ; cotyledons long flattened, radicle short. — We do not find the sub-
hypoLiynoas gland described by Fenzl (in Ledebour, i.e.), nor any disk in this and the
two following species. A most variable plant, especially in the sepals petals capsule
and number of seeds.
VOL. L 5
242 x\'lil. CARYOPHYLLE^. (Edg^ewortli & Hook, f.) [Arenaria.
22. A. Benthaml, Edgew.; tall, slender, flaccid, glandular-pilose, much
branched, leaves sessile ovate acute hairy on both surfaces, cymes few- or
many-flowered, pedicels slender divaricate, sepals oblong- or linear-lanceo-
late, petals obovate-spathulate lacerate, capsule 2-6-valved. Adenostemnia
glandulosum, Betith. in Wall. Cat. 645.
Temperate Himalaya; Kumaon, Blinkworth; Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft., /. 7). H.
Stems 2-3 ft. high, clothed with spreading jointed glandular hairs. Leaves f-l^ in.,
the lower petioled, midrib indistinct, nerves obsolete, margins ciliate. Cymes peduncled.
Flowers ^ in. diam., nodding ; pedicels slender, deflexed in fruit, ebracteate. Calyx not
thickened at the base ; sepals very glandular, erect and recurved, green with narrow
membranous margins. Petals longer than the calyx, white. Disk obsolete. Filaments
slender, dilated below, but hardly connate. Styles usually 2, not eo capillary as in
A. holosteoides. Capsule usually 4-valved, smaller than the calyx. Seeds few, with a
thick spougy opaque hardly tubercled testa.
23. A. debilis, Ilook.f. ; stems solitary or laxly tufted flaccid glan-
dular-pilose sparingly branched or simple, leaves sessile elliptic-ovate ob-
tuse hairy especially above, flowers solitary terminal or in fevv-flov\cred
cymes, pedicels divaricate, sepals linear-lanceolate petals obovate, tip
arose.
Alpine Sikkim Himalaya; alt. 14-16,000 ft. /. D. H.
Very like a small form of^.' Benthami, but smaller in all its parts ; leaves more ob-
tuse ; flowers not | in. diam. ; petals not lacerate and broader, merely irregularly toothed
at the tip; filaments much shorter inserted on an evident thickened annular disk. —
Small states come very near A. glanduligera, which however may at once be distin-
guished by the large flower acute leaves and the petals.
24. £L. tenera, Edgew. ; glabrous or pubescent, stems filiform flaccid in-
tricately branched, leaves long-petioled elliptic or ovate- or oblong-lanceolaie
acute, flowers small axillary, pedicels capillary, sepals ovate-oblong or lan-
ceolate acute half as long as the linear quite entire petals. Lepyrodiclis
tenera, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 669.
Western Temperate Himalaya; Kishtwar and Banahal, alt. 6-8000 ft., T. Thom-
son. — DisTHiB. Atfghanistan.
A very slender intricately tufted annual, with stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves scattered,
membranous, ^-f in., petiole often longer than the blade, ca[)illary. Flowers usually
axillary, ^-J in. diam.; pedicels divaricate, i-1 in. Sepals variable in form, erect and
conniving in flower, then spreailing, ciliat^ at the back. Petals white, gradually
dilated upwards. Filaments very slender, hardly united at the base. iJisk obsolete.
(^apsule globose, smaller than the sepals, usually 4-valved and 4-8ceded. iSeeds sub-
glol)ose, with concentric series of acute tubercles. — In the Aflghan specimens the petals
appear lacerate, but it is exceedingly difficult to lay them out after being dried without
rupturiug the apices.
14. SAGZNA, Linn.
Small annual or perennial herbs. Leaves subulate, connate at the base ;
stipules 0. Flowers solitary, small, axillary and terminal, pedicelled. iSepnls
4-5. Petals 4-5, entire or 0. iSiamens 4, 5, 8, 10, perigynous. Ovary
1-celled ; styles 4-5 (and valves of cap.sule) opposite the sepals ; ovules
numerous. Capsule 4-5-valved to the base. }:i€eds reniform. — Distrib.
Temperate regions ; species 8.
1. S. procumbens, Linn. ; perennial, stems many tufted, primary
shoots flowerless, lateral slender with fascicled usually procumbent and
rooting branches, sepals 4-5 spreading in fruit, petals very small. Boiss.
Fl. Orient, i. 662.
Sagina.] xviii. CARYOPHYLLE^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 243
Tkmperate and Alpine Himalaya, and Western Tibet, alt. 7-14,000 ft., ascending
to 16,000 ft. in Sikkim. — Distkib. N. and S. Temperate Zones.
Whole plant 1-6 in., bright green. Leaves glabrous or ciliate, usually mucronate.
FUiwers globose, green, rarely 5-merous, J in. diam., pedicels erect or curved at the tip.
Sepals obtuse. Capsule a little longer than the sepals.
VAR. pentamera ; flowers'pentamerons. — This may be referable to S. Linnosi, Presl.
(saxatilis, Wimmer), but differs in the short petals.
15. TKVX.ACOSFERBIVBZ, FenzL
A most densely tufted herb. Leaves minute, most densely imbricate,
short, acute ; stipules 0. Flowers solitary, sessile in the tips of the branches.
Calyx-tvhe obconic, 4-5-lobed, lobes suberect. Petals 4-5, small, obovate-
spathulate. Stamens 8-10, inserted on the edge of a disk lining the calyx-
tube. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2-3, filiform ; ovules few. Capsule coriaceous,
spherical, 4-6-valved. Seeds few, large, with a soft loose cellular testa.
1. T. rupifragrum, Schrenh. Periandra csespitosa, Cambess. in Jac(j[.
Voy. Bot. '11 and t. 29 (Flourensia). Bryomorph'a rupifraga, Kar. ^ Kir.
Enum. PL Soong. Arenaria rupicola, Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 780.
Alpine Western Tibet, alt. 15-18,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Soongaria,
Forming large hemispheric cushions a foot across and more, quite glabrous. Leaves
^—^7^ in., auhertict, or spreading most densely 5- fariously imbricate, ovate, acuminate,
pungent, shining, nerveless, back convex, concave above with thickened margins.
Floivers Yjy in. diam. Capsules shining, 4- or irregularly 6-valved. Seeds very large,
irregularly compressed, almost white; — A very singular plant in habit, closely allied to
Arenaria densissima, &c.
16. SPERGVZiA, Linn.
Annual or perennial herbs, with forked or fascicled branches. Leaves op-
posite, often with leafy buds in their axils, whence the foliage appears to be
whorled ; stifmles small, scarious. Flowers in peduncled panicled cymes.
Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5 or 10, rarely fewer, inserted on a
perigynous disk. Ovary 1-celled; styL^s 3 or 5, ovules many. Caj^side
with 3 or 5 entire valves. Seeds compressed, margined or winged. — Dis-
trib. Weeds of cultivated grounds ; species 2-3.
The valves of the capsule are described as opposite to the sepals, but this does not
hold good where there are but 3 valves and 5 sepals.
* Leaves apparently whorled.
1. S. arvensis, Li7in. ; green, leaves in false whorls linear-subulate
l-terete grooved beneath rather fleshy, petals obtuse white, seeds keeled
or narrowly winged granulate or papillose. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 731.
Cultivated fields in various cool parts of India ; and throughout the Northern hemi-
sphere.
Pubescent or glandular. Stems |-2 ft., branched from the root, geniculate. Leaves
^-2 in., slender, spreading. Flowers ^-^ in. diam., subumbellate ; pedicels slender,
spreading or deflexed. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals white. Capsule subglobose,
shining. Seeds black.
2. S. pentandra, Linn. ; glaucous, leaves in false whorls linear-subu-
late terete not grooved beneath, petals lanceolate-acute white, seeds piano-
compressed smooth, wing often as broad as the striate nucleus. Boiss. Fl.
Orient, i. 731. Arenaria flaccida, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 447.
K2
244 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Spergula,
In the same situations as S. arvensis, and with the same distribution.
I am unable to distinguish this in a dried state from the preceding. I find 3 styles
verj frequently, as described by Roxburgh, which does away with the difterence be-
tweeo the genera Spergula and jSpergularia, to which latter the following species
belongs.
** Leaves opposite.
3. S. rubra, Linn. (Arenaria); suberect or prostrate, glandular-piibes-
cent,leaves simply opposite linear flat, sti{)iiles cleft, sepals lanceolate-obtuse,
jietals pink or white, seeds wingless scabrid, margin somewhat thickened.
Spergularia rubra, /St. Hil. ; Boiss. Ft Orient, i 732.
Plains of the Panjab, Edgeicorth, &c. — Distrib. N. and W. Asia, Europe.
Root fusiform, annual. Stems much branched from the base, 4-8 in. Leaves 4-1 in.,
fleshy; stipules broad, silvery. Flowers J-^ in, diam., subglobo.'^e ; pedicels divaricate
or deflexed. Sepals green, with membranous borders, obtuse. Petals obovate, obtuse ;
shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5 or 10. Styles 3. Capsule ovoid, lonyer than the
sepals. Seeds pale brown, irregularly reniform or pyriform. This is usually referred, to
another genus Spergularia^ Persoon (Lepigonum, Fries), which (lifters from Spergula
in having only 3 styles ; but the prevalence of 3 styles in the typical species of Spergula
in India, renders this character valueless as a generic one.
17. DRVIHARXA, Willd.
Difliise or suberect dichotomously branching herbs. Leaves opposite, flat ;
stipules small, often fugacious. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitiiry or
cymose. Sepals 5, herbaceous. Petals 5, 2-6- fid. S(a7ne?is 5, rarely .fewer,
slightly perigynous. Ovar)/ 1-celled ; style 3-fid ; ovules few or numerous.
Capsule 3-valved. Seeds globose, reniform or compressed, liilum lateral,
eraoryo curved. — Distrib. Species 16, all Tropical American except the fol-
lowing and an Australian species.
1 . 1>. cordata, Willd. ; glabrous, leaves ovate-cordate elliptic or orbi-
cular petioled, petals 2-lobed shorter than the sepals. Wight & Arn. Prodr.
359. D. exteusa, Wall. Cat. 647. Cerastium cordifolium, Hoxb. Fl. Ind.
ii. 458.
Tropical and subtropical India and Ceylon, extending westwards to the Panjab and
ascending the Himalaya to 7000 ft. in Sikkim. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa, and
America. ^
A diflnse glabrous shxu.b; branched from the base ; branches 1-3 ft., slender. Leaves
3-5-nerved fron> the base, mucronate; petioles variable; stipule of several bristles.
Flowers l-\ in. diam., in axillary and tt-rminal cymes; pedicels slender; bracts wiih
membranous edges. Calyx obconic at the very base ; sepals oblong, with 3 Ktrong
nerves, and membranous margins. Petals 2-lobed to below the middle, lobe.s narrow not
exceeding the sepals.^ Stamens 3-5. Style short; ovules 3 or more. Capsule ovoid,
3-gonons, shortly pedicelled, 3-valved to the base ; 1- co-seeded. Seeds orbicular, com-
pressed, muritate.
18. FOX.VCARPON, Linn.
Difi'use or dichotomously branched, glabrous or pubescent herbs.
Leaves flat, opposite, appearing whorled from the presence of axillary
fascicles of leaves ; stipules scarious. Flowers small, in crowded many-
flowered cymes with scarious bracts. Sepals 5, keeled. Petals 5, small,
hyaline, entire or toothed. Stamens 3-6. Ovary 1-celled ; style short, 3-fid ;
ovules numerous. Seeds ovoid, hilum subbasal ; embryo almost straight
or incurved, cotyledons incumbent or oblique. — Distrib. Species about 6,
natives of various tropical and warm climates.
polycarpon.] xviii. caryophylle-s:. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 245
1. P. Xioefllng-iee, Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. PI. i. 153, in note; glabrous or
more or less pubescent, leaves cuneate linear oblong or spathulate, cymes
terminal or in the forks, petals linear truncate, tip toothed. P. depressa,
DC. Frodr.iii. 275. P. lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 1515 b and ? P. Benthamii,
1514. Loeflingia indica, Beiz. Obs. 38; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 165 ; Pharnaceum
depressum, Linn. Mant. n. 564. Hapalosa Loeflingiae, Wall. Cat. 6962 ;
Wight <jh Am. Prodr. 358.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, in fields and waste places. — ^Disteib. Tropical
Asia and Africa.
A weed, erect or diffuse ; branches 6-10 in. Leaves ^-f in., acute or obtuse.
Cymes fascicled or panicled. Flowers \ in. diam. Sepals subequal, obtusely keeled.
Petals entire or notched. Seeds subcylindric, hilum lateral and subbasal ; embryo
nearly straight.
19. POZiVCARFSiL, Lamk.
Annual or perennial, usually erect herbs. Leaves flat, opposite, or ap-
pearing whorled from the presence of axillary fascicles of leaves ; stipules
scarious. Flowers numerous, in effuse or contracted or capitate cymes.
Sepals 5, scarious and often coloured, rarely scarious at the margins only.
Petals 5, entire 2-toothed or with the margins erose. Stamens 5, subperi-
gynous, free or cohering together and with the petals into a tube. Ovary.
1 -celled ; style slender 3-tid or 3-dentate ; ovules numerous. Capsule
3-valved. Seeds obovoid or compressed. Embryo curved, rarely straight.
«— DiSTRiB. Species about 24, natives of warm climates.
1. P. corjrinbosa, Lamk. III. n. 2798 ; hoary tomentose or glabrescent,
leaves narrow linear or subulate pseudo-verticiilate, stipules lanceolate or
subulate, cymes terminal, sepals lanceolate very acute much exceeding the
capsules. DC. Prodr. iii. 374; Wall. Cat. 1571; Wt. Ic. t. 712; W. (k A.
Prodr. 358. P. spadicea, Lamk. DC. I.e. 374; W. <ic A.261 ; Wall. Cat.
1512 b ; Wt. in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii. t. 6. P. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 1513.
P. indica, Lamk. Fncycl. v. 483. Paronychia subulata, Lamk. Encycl. v. 25.
Achyranthes corymbosa, Linn. ; Willd. Celosia corymbosa, Willd. 1 Roxb.
Fl. Ind. i. 681. Mollia spadicea and corymbosa, Willd. ? Spreng. Syd. i.
795. Lahaya spadicea and corymbosa, Sc/iult. ? Syst v. 405 ; Bwrm. Zeyl.
t. 65, f. ^.—Rheede Hort. Mai. t. 66.
Western Peninsula, and Ceylon, Central and N.W. India, and Sindet, ascending
the Western Himalaya to 7000 ft. ; Birma, Wallich. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa,
Australia, and America.
An erect or decumbent annual or perennial herb, 6-12 in. high, much dichotomously
br;mched. Leaves ^-1 in., acuminate acule or obtuse, much exceeding the stipules.
Flowers ^ in. diam., in dense excessively branched silvery cymes. Sepals scarious,
white or coloured, glabrous or pilose, much exceeding the petals and the capsule. — Dr.
Wight found it impossible (111. ii. 44) to separate P. spadicea from P. corymbosa, even
as a well marked variety, and we may add that we have equally failed to discriminate
either those species or their synonymy. — The following seems to be a well-marked form,
to which the name spadicea might have been applied with propriety.
Var. awr^a, Wight 111. ii. 44, t. 110; smaller, densely tomentose, excessively
branched, flowers much smaller highly-coloured.
2. P. diffusa, Wight dh Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 91 ; glabrous,
slender, leaves narrow-linear or subulate pseudo-verticiUate, sepals ovate-
lanceolate very acute not much exceeding the petals or capsule. Wirfht III.
ii. 44.
Western Peninsula ; near Tuticoreen, Wight,
246 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Polycarpon.
Branches 6-18 in. high. Leaves obtuse, {-\ in.; stipules lanceolate. Cymes
puberulous, lax, ver^ many-flowered. Floioers ^j in. long.
3. P. spicata, Wight & Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 91; annual, gla-
brt>us, leaves obovate-spathulate radical rosulate, cymes densely fas-
cicled or semiutnbellate, flowers subspicate, sepals lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate acute much exceeding the petals and capsule. P. staticseformis,
HocJist. & Steud.
Western Peninsula, at Tuticoreen, Wight; Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Arabia,
Egypt, N. Australia.
A small herb 2-5 in. high ; branches strict, filiform, erecto-patent from the root,
bearing tufts of leaves and umbelled cymes. Leaves petioled, |-4 in., rather fleshy,
nerveless; stipules scarious, lacerate. Cymes 4 in. diam., long ped uncled. Flowers
subsecund, crowded, ^ in. long, bracts and sepals acute, scarious, white, with a highly
coloured broad herbaceous midrib. Petals very small, oblong, obtuse. Capsule rather
more than half the length of the sepals. Seeds shining.
Order XIX. PORTULACE^. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.)
Herbs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire ; nodes
with scarious or hairy appendages, rarely naked. Infloiei^cence various.
Sepals 2, imbricate. FeUm 4-5, liypogynous or perigynous, free (or united
below), fugacious. Stamens 4r- cc ^ inserted with (rarely upon) the petals,
filaments slender ; anthers 2-ceUed. Ovary free, or ^-inferior, 1-celled ;
style 2-8-fid, divisions stigmatose ; ovules 2-oo , on basal funicles or a cen-
tral column, amphitropal. Capsule with transverse or 2-3-valvular dehis-
cence. Seeds l-co compressed ; embryo curved round a mealy albumen. —
Distrib. Cosmopolitan, chiefly American; genera 15, species about 125.
Ovary half-adnate 1. Portulaca.
Ovary free 2. Talinum.
1. PORTUZ.ACA, Linn.
Diffuse, usually succulent, annual or perennial herbs. Leaves with scaly
or hairy nodal appendages. F lowers terminal, surrounded by a whorl of
leaves, solitary or clustered. Sepals connate below, the free part deciduous.
Petals 4-6, perigynous or epipetalous. Ovary ^-inferior ; style 3-8-fid ;
ovules CO. 6V//JSM/e crustaceous, dehiscing transversely. Seeds Qo,reniform. —
Distrib. Tropical regions, chiefly American ; one or two are cosmopolitan
weeds extending to temj^erate regions ; species 16.
* Leaves flat.
1. P. oleracea, Linn.; nodal appendages scarious minute or 0, leaves
cuneate-oblong. Roxh. Fl. Iiul.W. 463; W. dh A. Prodr. 3b6. P. laevis,
JIam. in Wall Cat. 6841. P. sufi'ruticosa, Thw. Enwn. 24 {not of Wight).
Throughout India, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Himalayas. — Distrib. All warm
climates.
An annual usually prostrate herb, 4-1 ft., subsucculent and glabrous. Leaves \-\ 4 in.,
rounded-truncate ; petiole very short. Injlorescence of few-flowered terminal heads,
cither solitary, or in dichotomous cymes. Flowers sessile, with a few ovate, pointed,
scarious scales. Petals 5, about eqiialling the sepals, yellow. Stamens 8-12. Style
3-8-Hd. Seeds tubercled-punctate. — An excellent salad.
Var. erecta; erect, leaves ppatlmlate-linear brighter green; P. oleracea, var. sylves-
tris, Hb. Boyle {not o/DC.).—ii.W. India.
Portulaca.] xix. PORTULACEiE. (W. T. ThJselton l)yer.) 247
2. P. Wigrhtlana, Wall. Cat. 6845 ; nodal appendages whorled sca-
rious, leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate. W. <^ A. Prodr. 356.
Western Peninsula ; in the Carnatic, and Ceylon.
Stems much branched, prostrate, stunted ; the approximate joints naked below,
clothed with scarious appendages, and sparingly leafy above. Leaves \ in., alternate,
acute, margins recurved; nodal appendages about six in a whorl, equalling the leaves,
i'ubricate, lanceolate, acute, persistent. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, surrounded
by a few leaves and tufted appendages. Sepals about ^t^ in., broadly ovate-lanceolate.
Petals 5, obovate, with netted veins. Stamens 5 (or more?) shorter than the petals.
Style filiform, 4-fid to ^ its length. Seeds numerous, granulate.
3. P. quadrifida, Linn. ; annual, nodal appendages pilose, leaves ovate
or ovate-lanceolate. Wight III. ii. t. 109 ; Wall. Cat. 6843. P. meridiana,
Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 463. P. geniculata, Royle III. 221. lUecebrum
verticillatum, Burm. Ind. 66 ; Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 31.
"Throughout the warmer parts of India and Ceylon. — Dihtrib. Tropical Asia and
Africa.
Stems diffuse, filiform, rooting at the nodes. Leaves \-\ in., opposite, very shortly
petioled ; nodal appendages more or less copious. Flowers terminal, solitary. Calyx-
tube ^-immersed in the extremity of the axis, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre and
long silky hairs. Petals 4 (yellow). {Stamens 8-12.) Style filiform, 4-fid to the
middle. Seeds minutely tubercled. — Stunted specimens have the habit of Polygonum
heraiarioides which has been mistaken for this species. ,
** Leaves terete.
4. P. tuberosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 91 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 464 ; perennial stems
short spreading from a tuberous root. P. cristata, Ham. and pilosa, Hh.
Madr. in Wall. Cat. 6844, not of Linn.
Behar, Hamilton ; Sindh, Stocks ; Western Peninsula ; Ceylon.
. Boot 2-3 in , slightly fusiform, with a few branches towards the extremity, villous.
Sfdrtts 2-3 in., spreading. Leaves ^-f in., alternate, fleshy, linear ; nodal appendages
^ in., of spAringly tufted brown hairs. Flowers (yellow) in small terminal clusters, sur-
rounded by about 8 leaves and tufted hairs. Stamens 20-oo . Style filiform, 5-cleft.
Seeds black, granular.— Closely allied to the Australian P. napiformis, F. Mueil.
5. P. sufiruticosa, Wight in Wall. Cat. 6842 ; annual, stems erect.
W. ckA. Prodr. 356.
Western Peninsula, Wight.
Hoot annual, woody, divided. Stem about 1 ft., subligneous at the base, breaking up
into numerous ascending branches. Leaves about 4 In-? acute; nodal appendages
setose, scanty, very short, brown. Flowers in small terminal clusters, surrounded by
about 8 leaves, and setose appendages equalling about ^ the base of the capsule.
{Stamens about 16. Style 5-clett to the middle, W. & A.). Seeds very small, with con-
centric rows of minute tubercles. — Allied to the tropical African P. foliosa, Ker, which
differs chiefly in habit, from the production of lateral flower-bearing shoots overtopping
the primary terminal heads.
2. TAZ.XNVBI, Adans.
Succulent herbs or shrubs. Leaves flat, exstipulate. Flowers racemed or
panicled. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens^, (^mry superior ; style 3-fid ;
ovules 00 . Capsule globose or ovoid, 2-3 valved. Seeds subglobose or com-
pressed, strop hiolate. — Distrib. Warm countries throughout the world.
1 . T. ouneifollum, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 465. T. indicum, W.<kA.
Prodr. SbG; Wall. Cat. 68i7.
NirAL, Wallich; Webtebn Peninsula, Wight.— Dibtrib. Arabia, Africa.
248 XIX. PORTutACE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Talinum.
Stems shrubby, erect, striate. Leaves 1-2 in., cuneiform-obovate, uppermost mucro-
nate. blowers iu a terminal subdichotoraously branched panicle, with small acuminate
membranous-edged bracts ; pedicels decurved in fruit. Petals 4, purple. /Sepals ^ in.
long, broadly ovate, margins membranous, rather obtuse. Style very short, 3-fid.
Capsule globose, about J in. diam.
Order XX. TAMARISCINE^. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.)
Undershnibs, bushes, or small trees. Leaves alternate, very minute, often
scale-like, exstipulate, rarely sheathing, sometimes fleshy orimpress-jmnctate.
Flowers solitary or in spiked or panicled racemes, regular, rarely 1 -sexual.
Sepals and petals each 5, rarely 4, imbricate, free or connate below. Slamens
5-1O-0O, inserted on the disk, free or connate below; anthers versatile.
Disk hypogynous or subperigynous, 10-glandular. Ovary free, 1 -celled, or
imperfectly septate ; styles 2-5, free or connate, or stigmas 3-5, sessile ;
ovules 2-Qo on each basal placenta, anatropous, raphe ventral, micropyle
inferior. Ccrpsi^/e 3-valved. Seeds erect, jilumed or winged ; albumen floury,
subfleshy or 0; embryo straight, cotyledons flat.— -Distrib. Cold, tem-
perate and hot regions, often in saline or sandy plains ; genera 5, species
about 40.
Stamens free, styles 3 1. Tamarix.
Stumens connate, stigmas sessile 2. Myuicakia.
1. TAMARZX, Linn.
Bushes or small trees. Leaves scale-like, amplexicaul or sheathing. In-
florescence of lateral or terminal spikes or dense racemes ; flowers white or
pink. Stamens 4, 5, 8 or 10 ; anthers apiculate. Vuk more or less lobed
from varying confluence of the glands. Ovary narrowed upwards ; styles
3-4, short, dilated into the stigmas ; placentas basal ; ovules many. Seeds
with a sessile plume, exalbumiuous ; embryo ovoid. — Distrib. Of the
Order ; species about 20.
♦ Stamens 5.
1. T. grallica, Linn. ; leaves not sheathing smooth subulate or scale-
like acute, disk 5-lobed.
Throughout India from the N.W. Himalaya to Birma and Ceylon, near rivers and
along the sea coast. — Distrib. W. and S. shores of Europe, N. and Tropical Africa,
S. Asia.
A bush or small tree ; branches slender. Flowers \ in. diam., shortly pedicelled in
slender panicled spike-like racemes. Sepals triangular-ovate, much shorter than the
petals. Glands of dish more or less coalescing in pairs. Ovary sub-3-gonou8, sub-
sessile ; styles 3, articulated to the ovaiy, slightly connate. — Divided into numerous
species differing in minute and uncertain characters.
Var. 1. indica, Willd. in Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. iv. 214 (sp.) ; usually green, branchlets
divaricate, leaves semi-amplexicaul, lobes of the disk entire or nearly so. T. indica.
Keen, ex Roxb. Fl. Jnd. ii. 100 (excl. syn.). T. gallica, Wight 111. t. 24 A. T, epa-
croides, Sm. in Bees Cycl. T. articulata. Wall. Cat. 3756 a and d. — Coujmon.
Var. 2. Palladia Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 349 (sp.); glaucescent or glaucous, branch-
lets erect, leaves shortly decurrent, lobes of the disk deeply emarginate. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
i. 773. T. ramosissima, Ledeh. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 256.— Western Tibet, alt. 8-12,000 ft.
2. T. sallna, />?/er ; leaves cordiform subamplexicaul strongly impress-
punctate.
Western Panjab ; Salt Range at Caffir Kote and Esakhail, Fleming.
Tamarix.] xx. tamariscine^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 249
A glabrous glaucous shrub, with the habit of T. passerinoides, Del. ; Boiss. FI.
Orient, i. 778. Bracts linear, equalling the flowers in length. Stamens equalling the
ovary; filaments dilated at the base, confluent with the disk-glands. Stigmas sessile.
Capsule not seen.
3. T. dioica, Eoxb. Hort Beng. 22; Fl. ItuI. ii. 101 ; leaves sheathing,
flowers dioecious in rather short dense peduncled spikes. Griff. Notul.
iv. 465, ic. 577, f. 2; Wall. Cat. 1241; W. ^ A. Frod/r. 40; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, i. 777. T. articulata, Wall. Cat. 3756, b & c {not of Vahl).
From SiNDH and the Pan jab to Assam, the Western Peninsula and Birma, near
rivers and on the sea coast.
A small tree. Branches with drooping extremities ; ultimate branchlets elongate,
patent-fastigiate. Leaves glabrous, green, obliquely truncate and acuminate. Spikes
panicled, 1-2 in., about equalling their peduncles. Bracts triangular, acuminate.
Flowers | in. diam., pink. Stamens inserted in the notches of the 5-lobed disk ;
anthers purple.
4. T. articulata, Vahl, Symh. ii. 48, t. 32 ; hoary with impress-punctate
glands, leaves sheathing, spikes lax usually sessile. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 777.
T. orientalis, Forsk. Descr. 206. T. Pharas, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 3758. Thuya
aphylla, Linn. Amcen. Acad. iv. 295.
Abundant in Sindh and the Panjab; often cultivated. — Distrib. Beluchistan and
westward to Egypt and S. Africa.
A bush or coniferous-looking tree. Branchlets fastigiate, elongate, slender, cylindric,
jointed. Leaves reduced to a very short sheath with a minute tooth. Spikes slender,
more or less interrupted. Bracts sheathing, acute. Flowers | in. diam., subsessile.
Stamens inserted in alternate notches of the lOlobed disk. — The Cape form is T.
usneoides, E. Mey.
** Stamens 10. {Pleiandrce. Bge.)
5. T. ericoides, Rottl. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. iv. 214, t. 4 ; leaves
impunctate sheathing-amplexicaul, glands of the disk separating the fila-
ments. T. mucronata, Sniitk in Rees Cycl. T. tenacissima, Ham. ex Wall.
Cat. 3757. Myricaria vaginata, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 350. Trichaurus
ericoides, W. d: A. Prodr. 40 ; Wight III. t. 24 B ; Ic. 22 ; Camh. in Jacq.
Voy. Bot. 58, t. 70.
Central India, Bengal, the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.
A shrub; stems slender, branchlets fastigiate. Leaves minute, scale-like, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers \ in. diam., pale rose-pink, in terminal racemes 4-6 in.
Stamens not exceeding the petals, alternately long and short. Capsule 4 in. — Approaches
Myricaria in habit.
6. T. stricta, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 778 ; hoary with impress-punctate
glands, leaves closely sheathing, glands of the disk passing into the slightly
dilated bases of the filaments.
Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Beluchistan.
Habit of T. articulata, Vahl, from which according to Boissier it is distinguished by
the thicker branchlets more remote leaves and subsessile stigmas, besides the diflerent
number of stamens.
2. MVRZCARXA, Desv.
Fastigiate shrubs. Leaves small, narrow, sessile, often crowded. /w/?o-
rescence of lateral or terminal spike-like racemes ; flowers rose-pink. 6Va-
mens 10, alternately long and short, monadelphous. Disk almost obsolete.
Ovary tapering with 3 sessile stigmas ; placentas basal, very short, adnate to
the middle of the valves ; ovules many. ^Seeds exalbuminous with a usually
250 XX. TAMARisciNE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Myricaria.
stalked plume ; embryo ovoid. — Disteib. Europe, Mid- Asia ; known spe-
cies 4 ?
1. Tit. g'ermanica, Desfv. in Ann. ^c. Nat. iv. 349 ; bracts ovate-lan-
ceolate 3-4 times as long as the pedicels, sepals free lanceolate, stamens
connate for half their length. M. bracteata, Royle III. 214, t. 44; Boi&s.
FL Orient, i. 763. M. Hoffmeisteri, Kloiz. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 120, t. 25 (plume
sessile). Tamarix germanica, Linn.
Temperate and Alpine Himalajta; from Sikkim to Kumaon, alt. 10-14,000 ft. —
Djstrib. Westward to Europe.
A bush, 4-8 ft. Sterna slender, striate, 'glaucous-green when young. , Leaves linear-
lanceolate. Racemes 1-18 in., spiked, lateral or terminal. Bracts with broadly mem-
branous margins. Sepals about equalling the petals.
Var. 7??o«<m^a, Benth. and Hook, f Gen. PI. i. 161 (sp.) ; prostrate, branchlets
asceudin^^ often very short with closely imbricate leaves, seed-plume sessile. — A very
Alpine form.
2. m. eleg-ans, Royk lU. 214 ; bracts ovate about twice as long as the
pedicels, sepals connate below, stamens connate for one-fourth of their
length. M. germanica var. longifolia. Herb. lud. Or. II. f. <k T.
Western Himalaya and \Ve.^tern' Tibet, from Garwhal, alt. 11,500 ft., Royle, &c.,
to Ladak, &c., alt. 6-15,000 ft., T. Thomson.
A bush, with smooth striate slender stems. Leaves oblong-ovate, narrowed at the
base. Raceinen 3 in., lateral, lax. Bracts short, acuminate, with narrowly membranous
margins. Sejjols much shorter than the petals, obtusely triangular at the apex.
Order XXL ELATINE^. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.)
Minute semi-aquatic or terrestrial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves oppo-
site or wliorled, entire or serrate, stipulate Flowers small, axillary, soli-
tary or cymose. Sepals and petals each 2-5, free, imbricate in bud. Stamens
as many or twice as many as the se})als, hypogynous, free ; anthers versa-
tile. Ovary free ; cells and styles 2-5, stigmas cai)itate ; ovules many, oh
the inner angles of the cells, anatropous, raphe lateral or ventral. Ca/>-
stfle septicidal ; valves tiat concave or incurved, separating from the axis
and septa. Seeds straight or curved, raphe on the concave side, testa often
rugose, albumen scanty or 0; embryo cylindric, straight or curved, cotyle-
dons small. — DiSTRiB. Scattered over the world ; genera 2, known species
about 20.
Sepals obtuse, aquatic herbs 1. Elatinr.
Sepals acute, flowers usually 5-merou8 2. Beroia.
1. Z:XiATZN&, Linn.
Minute aquatic tender creeping herbs. Leaves opposite or whorled.
Fl(nve)'S very small, axillary, usually only one to eacli node. Sepals 2-4,
membranous obtuse. Petals 2— i. Omrt/ globose. 6'ay>.sw/6 membranous;
sejita evanescent after bursting or adhering to the axis. Seed cylindric,
straight or curved, ridged and pitted. — Disteib. Temperate and subtropical
regions; species about 6.
1. B. americana, Am. in Edin. Journ. Nat, Sc. i. 431 ; flowers sessile
or nearly so, stamens longer than the sepals.
JElatine.] xxi. elatine^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) y 251
NiLGHiRi Mts., Schmidt. — Distrib. N. America (usually dimer8us)4^. Zealand,
Australia.
Prostrate on mtid in patches 1-3 in, broad. Stems rooting at the nodes, with nume-
rous opposite or alternate ultimately ascending branches. Leaves |-^ in., opposite,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed to the base, entire, minutely scabrid ; stipules scarious,
acute, incise-serrate. Flowers fully ^V ^"- diam. Sepals 3, 2 slightly herbaceous.
Petals 3, twice as long as the sepals, with a mid- vein. Seeds about 12 in each cell,
slightly curved. — Asa Gray, Gen III. t. 95, represents entire stipules united at the
base and sepals exceeding the pistil ; American specimens disagree with the figure in
these respects and agree with the Indian plant.
2. S. ambig-ua, Wight in Hook Bot. Misc. ii. 103, t. 5 ; flowers pedi-
celled. stamens shorter tlian the sepals. W. <k A. Prodr. 41 ; WigJit III. t.
25 B ; Seabert in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. t. 2, f. 11-14.
Western Peninsula, TF/</7i^— Distrib. Fiji Islands.
Habit of E. americana, Am. Leav:.s oblong- lanceolate. Sepals, petals and stamens
each 3. — Probably should be united with the preceding and E. triandra, Schk. (which
drflfers in the absence of the superior petal). The aggregate species would have a cos-
mopolitan range.
2. BERGIA, Linn.
Annuals or undershrubs, erect, decumbent, or diffusely branched,
often pubescent. Leaves opposite, serrate, or sometimes quite entire.
Flowers solitary or in more or less dense axillary fascicles, minute, usually
5-merous. Sepals with a herbaceous midrib and more or less membranous
margins, acute. Ovary ovoid. Capsule subcrustaceous, septicidal or sep-
tifragal.— DiSTKiB. Warm countries throughout the world ; known species
about 14.
1. B. odorata, Edgew. in Joum. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vii. 765 (1838);
pubescent-glandular, flowers fascicled pedicelled 2-8 together. Lancretia
sufFruticosa, Delile Fl. Egypt. 69. B. sufFruticosa, Fend in Denks. Bot,
Gesell. iii. 183 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 783.
Sikh States at Balawati, Edgeworth ; Sindh at Kurrachee, Stocks. — Distrib.
Trop. Africa, Egypt.
Woody, diffuse, 1 ft. or less, aromatic, with papery deciduous bark. Leaves ^^^ in.,
sessile, thick, elliptic or ovate, margins crenate-serrate, often reflexed. Flowers ^ in.
long, on branches barren below. Sepals 5, ovate, herbaceous, serrulate. Petals obovate.
Stamens 10, filaments dilated below. Ovary grooyed; st\les 5, one-half the length of
the ovary. Capsule 5-celled. Seeds numerous, minute, shining, slightly curved. — A
very variable plant. Smells of chamomile.
2. B. BDStivosa, W. d; A. Prodr. 41 ; nearly glabrous, flowers solitary
or 2-4 together. Elatine sestivosa, Wight Ic. t. 222. fcSpergula aestivosa,
Keen, ex W^. Cat. 6963.
Panjab, Thomson; Moultan, Edgeworth.
Branches slender, divaricate. Leaves narrow-obovate or oblong, faintly serrate.
Flowers pink, on branches with almost linear leaves barren above. Sepals lanceolate,
acute, (Jenticulate, with membranous margins. — Probably only a variety of jB. odorata,
but distinct in habit.
3. B. ammannioides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 457 ; annual,
flowers in dense subverticillate fascicles, stamens 3-5. Roth. Nov. PI. Sp.
219 ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 93, Suppl. t. 28 ; III. i. t. 25 A. ; Wall.
Cat. 655; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 472. B. pentandra, Guill. d: Perr. Fl. Seneg.
42, t. 12. Elatine ammannioides, W. d: A. Prodr. 41. Sagina ammannioides,
Wall. Cat. 7504.
252 XXI. ELATiNEiE. (W. T. Thiseltoii Dyer.) [Bergia.
Throughout India and Ceylon ; in marshy places. — Distrib. Affghanistan, Persia,
Tropical Asia, Africa, and Austrah'a.
Stems 3-12 in., erect or with the lower hranches decurahent, smooth or thinly pubes-
cent-hispid, the stem-hairs often glandular-capitate. Leaves ^-| in., sessile, linear,
lanceolate or oblanceolate, tapering below, sharply serrate, acute. Flowers ^'^ in-t
sessile or shortly pedicelled. Sepals 5, lanceolate, denticulate. Petals and stamens 5.
Ovary oblong, deeply grooved. Copsvle 3-6-celled ; valves with incurved edges, de-
hiscing from a central axis. Seeds numerous, ovoid.
^ Var. trimera ; Fisch. & Mey. in Linnfea, x. 74 (sp.) ; flowers trimerous. B. araman-
nioides ^ flor. triandr. ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 93, t. 28, f. 1 and 2 ; Lechea
verticillata, Willd. ex DC. Prod. i. 286. — Western Peninsula and Ceylon.
4. B. verticillata, WiUd. ; Roxh. Fl. Lid. ii. 456 ; glabrous, stems
procumbent rooting, stamens 10. Thw. Enum. 23. Elatine (B) verticillata,
W. <C' A. Frodr. 41. B. aquatica, Roxh. Coram. PL ii. 22, t. 142 ; Bous. Fl.
Orient, ii. 783. B. capensis, Linn. ; Rheede Ilori. Mai. ix. t. 78.
Western Peninsula, Ceylon and Kanooon. — Distrib. Widely spread in the tropica
but absent from S. Africa.
A glabrous rather succulent annual aquatic herb, ^-1 ft. Leaves 1-1^ in., spreading,
elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at either end, acute, faintly crenate-serrate ; stipules nar-
rowly deltoid, toothe d, acujc . S<paU 5, narrow-lanceolate, obliquely acuminaie, midrib
herbaceous. Petals 5. Capsule globose ovoid. Seeds minute, slightly curved, ribbed
and transversely rugose. — Not a native of the Cape, Linnseus's original name has there-
fore been suppressed.
Order XXII. HYPERICINE-ffi. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.)
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, often punctate with pel-
lucid glands or dark glandular dots, entire or glandular-toothed ; stipules 0.
Flowers solitary or cymose, terminal, rarely axillary. Sejxih and petals each
5, rarely 4; petals contorted in bud. Stamens ao, or rarely definite, 3- or
5-adelphou3, rarely free or all connate ; anthers versatile. Ovary 3-5-carpel-
lary, 1- or 3-5-celled ; styles as many, filiform, free or united ; ovules few or
00, on parietal or axile placentas, anatropous, raphe lateral or superior.
Fruit capsular or baccate. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo straight or
mrved. — Distrib. Temp., and mountains of warm regions ; genera 8, species
»bout 210.
Tribe 1 . Kypericeae. Capsule dehiscing septicidally or at the placentas.
iSeeds not winged.
Flowers 4-merou8 1. Ascyrum. ■
Flowers 6-merous 2. Hypericum.
Tribe 2. Cratozyleas. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally. Seeds winged.
3. Cratoxylon.
1. ASCiraUM, Linn.
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves small, entire. Flowers terminal, nearly solitary,
yellow, 4-merous. Senals leafy, the 2 outer largest. Stamens slightly connate
or free. Ovary 1 -celled. Capsule 2-4-valved, dehiscing at the placentas. —
Distrib. Except the endemic Indian species confined to N . Amer. and the
Antilles ; species 6.
1. £L, filicaule, />j/^r.— Hypericum filicaule, H.f. <k T. ms.
Temperate Sikkim Himalaya ; Lachoong valley, alt. 12,000 ft., J. D. H,
Ascyrum.] xxii. HYPERiciNEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 253
A perennial herb. Stems 3-6 in., slender, cylindric, faintly 2-edged, rooting at the
base. Leaves \ in. or less, subsessile, broadly elliptic, obtuse, pellucid-punctate, mar-
gins wavy. Fiowers \ in. diam , solitary. Sepals oblong, obtuse, outermost exceeding
the petals. Styles 3, ^^ in., rather shorter than the ovary.
2. KVPBRICUIME, Linn.
Herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Leaves usually sessile. Flowers cymose,
yellow, terminal, or axillary. Sepals 5. Petals 5, usually oblique. Ovary
1-celled with 3 or 5 parietal, or 3-5-celled with axile placentas ; styles free
or united ; ovules oo , rarely few. Capsule septicidal, or dehiscing at the
placentas. — Distrib. Temperate regions ; species 160.
M. calycinum, L., from S. Europe, occurs as a garden plant.
H. chinense, L. ; H. monogynum, WiUd.; Boxb. F'l. Ind. iii. 400, is said to be known
only as a cuhivated plant. It is found in Indian gardens ; the leaves are elliptical and
obtuse, and the styles united throughout. Hypericum salicifolium, Sieh. db Zucc, of
Japan is probably not distinct from this.
Sect. I. Androsaemineae, Spach. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals deciduous.
Stamens 5-adelphous at the base. Ovari/ 5-celled. — (Commonly shrubs with
few and large flowers.)
* Styles longer than the ovary {tinknown in 1).
1. K. Griffithii, //./. <k T. ms.; leaves ovate subcordate, cymes corym-
bose, sepals small narrowly deltoid, styles 5.
Bhotan, Dimree-nuddee, alt. 6400 ft., Griffith.
A shrub, young branches terete. Leaves 2-44 in., obtuse, younger lanceolate acute,
firm, glauc>^scent below with prominent reticulate nerves. Sepals ^ in. long, acute.
Capsule ^-4 in. long. — Flowers unknown ; habit that of H. grandifolium, Choisy.
2. H. mysorense, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4808 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
decussate approximate, sepals ovate, styles exceeding the stamens. H. myr-
tifolia, Spach Suit. Buff. v. 428? Norisca mysorensis, Wight Ic. t. 56.
Western Peninsula ; on the hills from the Concan to the Pulneys, alt. 3-4000 ft.
Ceylon, Wallcer, &c.
A glabrous shrub 4-6 ft. high (Gardner) ; young branches 4-angled. Leaves 1-2 in.,
tapering to an amplexicaul base, with slender ascending veins and pellucid strise.
Cymes terminal, 3-flowered; flowers 2-2f in. diam. Sepals 4 in., acute. Petals
obliquely oblanceolate, twice the length of the stamens. Styles twice as long as the
ovary. Capsule about ^ iu. — The allied Abyssinian H. gnidicefolium, Rich,, has styles
I united.
3. K. cernuuxu, Poxb. Hort. Peng. 59 ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 400 ; leaves
elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, glaucous beneath, sepals ovate, styles slightly
exceeding the stamens. Carnb. in Jacq. Yoy. Bot. t. 23. H. oblongifolium,
Choisy Prodr. Hyp. 42, t. 4. H. speciosum, Wall. Cat. 4803. H. Gova-
nianum, Wall. Cat. 4815 (sepals linear-lanceolate).
Western Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon to Sirmur, alt. 5-7000 ft.
A glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft. ; branches cylindric, glaucous when young. Leaves 1-3 in.,
sessile, minutely dotted. Cymes terminal, 3-5-tiowered; flowers 2 in. diam., white,
then yellowish. Sepals J in., acute. Petals obovate, longer than the stamens. Styles
twice the length of the ovary. Capsule 4 in., conical.
4. H. cordifoliuxn, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 545 ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late cordate coriaceous glaucous beneath, sepals lanceolate. H. bracteatiim,
Wall. Cat. 4b04 ; PL Asiat. Par. t. 220. H. acutuui, Wall. Cat. 4807.
254 xxiT. HYPERiciNE^. (W. T. Thiselton Djer.) [Hypericum.
Central Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Kumaon, at Raman, alt. 4500 ft., Strach.
& Wint.
A glabrous shrub, 1-2 ft. ; branches long, slender, brown ; branchlets subtetragonous.
Leaves 1-2 in., coriaceous, opaque with translucent lines, penniiierved with one or two
lateral veins and midrib darkly marked below. Cymes many-Howered ; flowers 14 in.
diam. Sepals \-\ in. Petals obliquely obovate. Stamens equalling the styles, § the
length of the petals. Styles \\ times as long as the ovary.
5. K. lysiznacliioides, Wall. Cat. 4817; leaves ovate subsessile glau-
cous beneath with dark veins, sepals linear-lanceolate. H. coriaceum, Royle
III. 131.
Western Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 8-9000 ft., to Wardwan,
alt. 5-6500 ft., Stewart.
A glabrous shrub, branchlets subtetragonous. Leaves |-lf in., acute or rather
obtuse, penninerved, the veins connected marginally, pale and black-dotted beneath.
Otjmes loose, leafy, 2-3-chotomou8 ; flowers 1 in.' diam. Sepals ^ in. Ptlals lanceo-
late. Styles slightly longer than the ovary, not exceeding the stamens. Capsule
about 4 in.
** Styles not longer than the ovary.
6. K. Rookerianum, W. d- A. Prodr. 99; branches terete, leaves
ovate to ovate-oblong, sepals obovate, styles recurved exceeding the stamens.
WigM Ic. 949. H. oblongifoliuni, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4949.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., /. D. H.; Mishmi, Griffith; Khasia Mts., alt.
4-6000 ft., Lobh., &c. ; Nilohiris, Wight, &c.
A glabrous shrub 6-8 ft. ; branches red-brown. Leaves 1-4 in., sessile or very
shortly stalked, obtuse, mucronate, firm, glaucous or rusty beneath, faintly pellucid-
punctate. Cymes few-flowered or corymbose, leafy-bracteate ; flowers about 2 in. diara.,
golilen-yellow. Sepals ^-^m. Pd<a/« obliquely-obovate. Ioniser than the stamens. Styles
^ in., t-horter than the ovury. Cnpsulf ^ in., obtusely conical to egg-shaped.
Var. Lescheitaultii, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 145 (f^p ) ; Deless. ic. Sel. iii. t. xxvii. ;
sepals acute. H. triflorum, Biume, Fl. Ned. Intl. 142. 11. oblongifoliuni, Wall. Cat.
4810 {7iot of ChnUy). H. C^joisianum, Wall. Cat. 4805. — Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim,
alt. 8000 ft.", J. JJ. if.— VinTRiB. Java.
7.'K, patulum, Thanh. Fl. Jnp. 29o, t. 17 ; branches spreading pyra-
midally 2-edged, louve.s elliptic-lanceolate, sepals elliptic obtuse, styles ex-
ceeding the stamens. Wall. Cat. 4809; JI(x>k. Bot. Ma<f. 5()9;i ; Dun Prodr.
218. H. Uralum, /Am. ex Don I.e.; Jitt. Mag. t. 2375; DC. Prodr. 218.
U. oblwii^u'ifoiiiuii, \]'(dl. Pi A.dat. Par. t. 24* {not of Cfmsy in Wall. Cat.).
Throughout the Temp. Himalaya (Sikkim excepted); alt. 3-7000 ft., from Bhotan,
Griffith, to Sinihv, Lady iJaUiovnie, and Chamba, Stewart. Kuasia Mt8., alt. 5-6000 ft.;
Yunan, /. Anderson. — Distkib. Japan, Formosa.
A glabrous shrub, 1-3 ft., with brownish bark and numerous red, stiffly patent
branches. Leaves 1-2^ in., distichous, very shortly petioled, acute, black-dotted and
glaucescent or rusty beneaih, pellucid punctate and striate, margins reflexcd. Cymes
few-flowered, tenuinal ; peduncles 2-bracteate ; flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals j in. Petals
orbicular, twice theleniith of the stamens. Styles equalling the ovary. Capsule 4 in.,
obtusely conical. — Nearly allied to H. Hookerianum but smaller, more rigid, and with
smaller flowers.
Var, attenuatum, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 545 ; more slender in every part.
8. K. tenuicaule, H. /. <ih T. ms.; branches diffuse slender terete,
leaves elliptic or ovate pellucid striate, flowers solitary or geminate, sepals
elliptic, styles not exceeding the stamens.
Temperate Sikkim Himalaya ; Lachen valley, alt. 8000 ft., /. D. H.
A glabrous shrub. Leaves l-l 4 iu., taperiug below, subacute, pale and glandular-dotted
Hypericum.] xxii. HYPERiciNEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 255
beneath. Flowers \\ in. diam., usually exceeded by lateral leafy shoots. Sepals about
^ in., obtuse. Petals obliquely obovate, twice the length of the stamens. Styles
scarcely ^ in., about as long as the ovary. Capsule ^ in. — Perhaps a variety of H.
patidum, but distinct in habit.
9. H, reptans, ff. f. dh T. ms. ; stems shrubby prostrate diffuse root-
ing, flowers terminal solitary.
Temperate Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 9-11,000 ft., J. D. H.
Branches slender, two-edged, reddish- brown. Leaves \-^ in., approximate, elliptic-
oblong, obtuse, with short pellucid striae. Flowers 1| in. diam. Sepals about 4 in.,
elliptic, obtuse. Petals obovate. Stamens hardly exceeding the ovary. Styles ^ in.,
equalling the ovary, tips recurved. Capsule 4 in., globose. Seeds minute, apiculate at
both ends.
Sect. II. Kyperineae, Spach. Sepals 5, connate at the base, equal or
unequal. Petals persistent. Stamens 3-adelphous at the base. Ovary 3-celled.
♦
Margins of the sepals eglandnlar.
10. K. perforatum, Linn. ; stem erect 2-edged, leaves oblong or ovate
pellucid-punctate, sepals linear acute.
Temperate Western Himalava ; from Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft., to Kashmir, alt.
3-6500 ft. — DiSTRiB. Europe, N. Africa, N.W. Asia.
A perennial herb. ■ Stems 18 in., with slender stolons, branched above. Leaves | in.,
obtuse, witli radiating veins, paler beneath with black dots. Cymes corymbose, 3 cho-
toraously branched; flowers 1 in. Sepals ^ in. Petals with black-glandular edges.
Styles twice the length of the ovary, equalling the stamens. Capsule ^ in., egg-shaped.
Var. debile, Royle, ms. ; stem weak, leaves oblong-iinear.
11. K. Sampsoni, Hance in Seem. Journ. of Bot. iii. 378 ; stems erect
cylindric, leaves oblong connate pellucid-punctate, sepals oblong obtuse.
Khasia Mountains, Nowgong, Simons. — Distrib. S. China, Formosa.
A perennial herb. Stems 1 ft. Leaves 1^-2 in., obtuse, glaucescent beneath. Cymes
lax; flowers ,|-^ in. diam. /Se^^f/Zs black-punctate. Pe^aZ^" about equalling the sepals.
Styles very short. Capsule ovoid, covered with oval resiooiis vesicles. — Appmaches
//. erectum, Thb., of Japan, which is destitute of vesicles and has the leaves am-
plexicaul.
12. K. petiolulatum, IT. f <& T. ms. ; stems erect slender cylindric,
leaves shortly petioled ovate elliptic, flowers small, sepals linear unequal,
styles very short exceeded by the stamens.
SiKKTM Himalaya, alt. 9000 ft., /. D. H.
Stems ^-\6\n., branched from the base; branches weak, simple. Leaves i-| in.,
rather distant, obtuse, glaucescent beneath with dark pellucid dots, margins wavy.
Cymes 3-flowered ; flowers ^ in. long. Sepals x^— J in., acute, not pellucid-punctate.
Capsule with numerous glandular lines.
13. K. huxuifusuxu, Linn. ; stems procumbent 2-edgecl, leaves sessile
elliptic to ovate approximate, sepals lanceolate unequal, styles \ the length
of the ovary. H. rubrum, Wight ms.
NiLGHiRis, Wight. — Distrib. Europe, Atlantic Isles, S. Africa.
A glabrous perennial herb. Stems about 6 in., numerous, red. Leaves \-^ in.,
petlucid-punctate and as well as the sepals with black intramarginal glands. Cymes
terminal, few-flowered. Flowers ^-\ in. diam.
** Margins of the sepals with gland-tipped teeth.
14. K. elodeoides, Choisy in DC. Frodr. i. 552 ; stems stout usually
256 XXII. HYPERiciNE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hypericum,
simple, leaves oblong or ovate acute firm, sepals with long teeth, petals
glandular-striate. H. adenophorum, Wall. Cat. 4812. H. nervosum, Don
Frodr. 219.
Temperate Himalaya ; from Sikkim, alt. 7-12,000 ft., to Sirmur, alt. 7-8000 ft. ;
Khasia Mt8., alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Assam and Dirma, Griffith.
Stems 1-2 ft., stoloniferous, glabrous, terete. Leaves \-\\ in., approximate, stem-
cla8|)ing, uppermost glandular- fringed at the base, closely pellucid-punctate. Cymes
paniculate ; flowers | in. Sepals ^ in., lanceolate, acute, with black intramarginal
glands. Petals exceeding the calyx. Styles 3, \ in., at least twice the length of the
ovary, spreading, not exceedin<? the stamens. Capsule ^\n. — A very variable plant,
allied to the European H. montanum, L., which is puberulous with a denser cyme and
shorter sepaline teeth. H. intermedium, Steud., of Abyssinia and Asia Minor, has
shorter teeth but a very open cyme.
15. K. napaulense, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 552 ; stems weak with
numerous branches, leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse thin, sepals
with short teeth, petals eglandular or nearly so. H. pallens, Don Prodr. 219.
H. setosum, Wall. Cat. 4814. H. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 4010; W. ft A.
Prodr. 99 ; Wight. III. i. 43.
Temperate Himalaya; from Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft. to Kashmir, alt. 7-8000 ft.;
Birma, Griffith. — Western Peniksula, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wight, &c.
^tems slender, difluse or prostrate, cylindric, obscurely 2 -edged. Leaves ^-f in.,
sessile and stem-clasping, or slightly petioled, glaucous beneath and closely pellucid-
punctate. Cymes few-flowered, loose ; flowers 4 in. Sepals lanceolate. Petals longer
than the calyx. Styles J in., about equalling the ovary, exceeding the stamens. Cap-
sule J in. — Perhaps only a variety of H. elodeoides.
16. H. xnonanthemum, H.f. <k T. ms. ; stems simple, leaves broadly
elliptic or ovate, sepals dark-glandular-striate, petals linear twice the length
of tlie sepals, styles half the length of the ovary.
Sikkim Himalaya; Lachen and Lachoong Valleys, alt. 11-12,000 ft., J.D.H.
Stems ^\n.-\ ft., erect, 2-edgcd, reddish brown. Leaves | in., sessile, obtuse, pel-
lucid striate-punctate, with a few black marginal dots beneath. Cymes 1-3-flowered;
flowers with a pair of glandular fringed bracts. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Syles ^^ in.,
equalling the stamens. Capsule \ in., ovoid.
Sect. III. BrathydineaB, Spach. Sepals 6, Petals persistent. Stamens
Cimnate at the base. Ovary 1 -celled,
17. K. japonloum, Thtinb. Fl. Jap. 295, t. 31 ; stems diffuse or ascend-
ing, leaves 3-nerved, cyme dichotomous elongated, sepals 3-nerved. Wall.
CW. 4811. Royle 111. t. 24. H. pusillum, Cltoufy in DC. Prodr. i. 549.
Brathys nepalensis, Blume Mus. Pot. ii. 19. H. calycatum, Jacq. Herb, (sepals
foliaceous).
Temperate and Sdbtropical Himalaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal ; alt. 2-5000 ft.
Khasia Mts. ; Assam, Silhet, Birma ; Eastern and Western Peninsula and Ceylon.
— Distrib. New Zealand, Australia, Japan, China, Java.
Annual. Stems 1-15 in., tufted or prostrate, glabrous, 4-angled. Leaves 4 in. or
less, stem-clasping, oval or ovate, pellucid-punctate. Flfjwers \ in. diam., yellow.
Bracts and sepals linear-lanceolate, entire, acute, glandular and pellucid-punctate at
the apex . Pe^w^ equalling the calyx. iS<?//e« ^ the length of the ovary. Capsule^ in.
Seeds ribbed and transversely striate. — H. humifusum is distinguished by its 2-edged
Btems, 3 celled ovary, and leaves with intra-marginal black dots.
18. H. Zialandii, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 550; stems slender simple,
leaves approximate below appressed with revolute mar^^ins 1-nerved, cym,e
Hypericum.] xxii. hypericine^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 257
close often few-flowered, sepals with one prominent nerve. H. foetidum,
H.f.&T.ms.
Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., Lohh^ &c. — Distrib. S. Africa, Lower Guinea.
Annual. Smell remarkably fcetid, like bad orange-peel. Stems 6-18 in., slender,
simple, tufted. Leaves 4 in., or less, rather thick, faintly pellucid-pnnctate. Sepals
elliptic-oblong. Sti/les 4 the length of the ovary. — Probably a variety of H. japonicum,
but identical with the African plant.
Sect. IV. Elodeinese, Spach. Stamens definite (9), cohering for ^ their
length into 3 bundles separated by (entire) hypogynous scales.
19. K. brevifloruxn, Wall. Cat. 4876 ; stems usually simple cylindric
lower f bare, flowers in 1-3 short axillary cymes.
Khasia Mts., alt, 5000 ft. ; Silhet, Wallich.
Stems I ^h. Zeaues narrow elliptic, black-dotted beneath. Flowers vfhhe. Sepals
very sliort, ovate-linear, obtuse. Anthers vesicular-apiculate. Styles | the length of
the ovary, recurved. Capsule J in., ovoid. — The allied ff. petiolatum, Walt., of N.
America and Japan has cylindric capsules.
3. CRATOXVX.ON, Blume.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire, usually papery. Inflorescence axillary or,
terminal, cymose. Sepals and petals each 5. Stame7is '.^- or 5-adelpbous, with
fleshy hyi)Ogynous glands alternating with the bundles. Ovary 3-celled ;
styles distinct ; ovules 4-go in each cell. Capsule 3-valved. — Distrib. Tro-
pical Asia ; species about 12.
Sect. I. Anclstrolobus, Spach. Petals subpersistent, inappendiculate.
Stamens 3-adelphous, hypogynous ; glands more or less cucuUate.
1. C. polyanthum, Korth. Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Bol. 175, t. 36 ; leaves
elliptic to oblong, cymes 1-3-flowered axillary or slightly supra-axillary,
petals glandular- veined.
BiRMA and the Eastern Peninsula. — Distrib. China (C. hiflorum), Philippines,
Borneo.
A glabrous aromatic shrub, with compressed branchlets. Jjeaves 1-4 in,, pellucid-
punctate and black-dotted beneath. Flowers | in. diam., pink. Sepals ^ in. long,
I in. when in fruit, elliptic, obtuse. Hypogynous glands sometimes obsolete. Capsule
^-^ in. long, exceeding the sepals. Seeds 3, j in. lung, with an oblique unilateral
wing.
Var. 1. ligustrinum, Blume Mus, Bot, ii. 16 (wp.); leaves narroweil at both ends
acute. C. lanceolatum, Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. Supp. i. 500, Ancistrolobus ligustrinus,
Spach, Suit. Buff. v. 361, A, brevipcs, 2'urcz. Bull. Hose. 1858, i. 383. Hypericum
pulchoUum, Wall. Cat. 4821, Pegu, Malacca, S, Andamans, Kurz.
Var, 2. Wightii, Bl. l,c, 18 (sp.). Leaves broadly oval mostly obtuse. Ancistrolobus,
sp. Wight lit. i. HI, Hypericum horridum, Wall. Cat. 4822. Elodea, sp., Oriff.
Notul. iv, 569, Tenasserim, Mergui, Griffith; Tavoy, Wallich.
2, C. neriifolium, Kurz in Journ. Asiat, Soc. Beng, 1872, pt. ii. 293 j
leaves narrow-oblong sessile, cymes 3-flowered in a short terminal panicle
Hypericum neriifolium, Wall. Cat. 4824.
BiRMAH, Teiyet, Griffith; Pegu, Prome hills, Wallich; Chittago^q, H. f. db T.
A shrub, 10 ft. Leaves 3-6 in., by f -1^ in,, slightly cordate, tapering to the apex.
Panicle 3 in, Hypogynous glands with the rcflexed margin mucronate. Capsule \ in,,
hardly exceeding the calyx. — Agrees otherwise with C. polyanthum and closely allied
VOL L S
258 XXII. HYPERlciNEiE. (W. T. Thiseltoii Dyer.) [Cratoxylm.
3. C. arborescens, Blume Mm. Bot. ii. 17 ; leaves obloiig-obovate or
elliptic, cymes forming a i)yramidal panicle, petals glaiidular-dotted. Hy-
pericum arborescens, Va/d Symh. ii. 86, t. 43. H. cuccineum. Wall. Cat. 482 ;J.
Ancisitrolobus glaucescens, Tarcz. Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 383. Yismia? arbores-
cens, Vhoisy Prod. Hyp. 36.
MouLMEiN, Lohb; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Sincapoke, Anderson. — DisxiUB.
Java, Borneo.
A bush? Leaves 3-44 in. by 1^2 in., coriaceous. Panicle 4-9 in. long. Flowers
^ in. diam., scarlet. Capstde ^ in. long; seeds J in. long, with an equilateral wing.
Sect. II. TrideBinis, S}xich. Petals not persistent, with a basal squa-
mule. Stamens 3- or 5-adelphous.
4. G. formosum, Benth. d- Hook./. Gan. PI. i. 166; branchlets alter-
nate spreading, hypogynous glands triangular attenuate, fruit pedicels
drooping. Tridesmis formosa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 179, t. 37. T.
oclinoides, iSpach^ Suit. Buff. v. 359. Elodea f ormosa. Jack in Hook. Jouru.
Bot. i. 374.
Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith; Sincapoke, Maingay; S. Andaman, Kurz. — Distrib.
Borneo, Philippines.
A very lar^e tree with habit of a Cerasvs. Leaves 2-3^ in., decussate, elliptic or
oblong-eiliptic, papery, glabrous. Cymes in the axils of fallen leaves, shortly nicemose ;
flowers white. iSepais nut accresent, ^ the length of the petals. Basal squumide of the
petals usually rou^ded. Stamens 3-Adelphous. Styles dimorphic. Capsule i by J in.,
triquetrous. Seeds ^ in. long, with a very obtuse, obovate, unilateral wing.
5. C. Maingrayi, Dyer ; branchlets spreading opposite, hypogynous
glands triangular, fruit pedicels ascending.
Penaxg, Maingay.
A tree above 30 ft., with a very thick stem. Leaves 2-3^ by 1-1 4 in., elliptic,
tapering at both ends, acuminate, midrib reddi.sh-brown beneath, pa])ery, glabrous.
Cymes in the axils of the often per.-isteut old leaves. Petals with black-doitcd veins;
basal squamule acute. /Stamens 3-adelphou8. Styles filiform, as long as petals (but
{)robably diniorphic). Capxule ^ in. long, j'g- in. broad, slander, cyliudric. Seeds | in.
oiig, with an oblong unilateral wing.
6. C. prunifoliunif Dyn' ; branchlets opposite ascending, leaves pubes-
cent, hypogynous glands very short t»btiise transversely grooved, dype-
ricnm prunifolium. Wall. Cat. 7276. Tridesmis prunifiora, JCurz in Joaiifi,
Asiat. Soc. Bejig. 1872, pt. ii. 293.
Mo u LM E I N , Wall ich .
Stems woody, compressed, rather rigid. Floioers precocious, in small, lax, axillary
fascicles; pedi'-els and calyx closely pubescent. Sepals ^ the longtii of the petals.
Basal squamule of the petals acute. Stamens 3-adelphou8. Fruit not seen.
Order XXIII. GUTTIPER^. (By T. Anderson, F.L.S.)
Trees or shrubs, abounding in a yellow or greenish juice. Leaves oppo-
site, coriaceous or membranous, rarely whtjrled or stipulate. Flowe?^s nxil-
lary or terminal, solitary fascicled subracemose or panicled, white yellow or
red. Flowers regular, dioecious, polygamous or hermaphrodite. Sepals 2-6,
imbricate or in decussate pairs. Petals 2-6 (rarely more, or 0), usually much
imbricated or contorted. Male fl. : Stamens wawaWy indefinite, hyj)ogynous ;
filaments free or variously connate, monadelphous or in as many bundles as
there are petals ; anthers various. Female tl. : Staminodes various. Ovary
1-2-00 -celled ; style slender, short or (2 in PoeGiloneuron), stigmas as many
XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Andersoii.) 259
as the cells free or connate, sometimes peltate ; ovules 1-2 or oo , axile or
erect from the base of the cell. Fruit usually baccate and indehiscent.
iSeeds large, albumen ; embryo consisting of a large radicle {tigellus) with
small or obsolete cotyledons, or of thick free or consolidated cotyledons with
a very short inferior radicle. — A large tropical family, common in Asia and
America, rare in Africa, of 24 genera and 250 species.
Mammea AMERICANA, Linn., the Mammee apple of the West Indies is occasionally
cultivated in Indian gardens ; it belongs to the tribe Calophyllece, and is distinguished
by its valvately 2 -partite caljx which is quite entire in the bud.
The following account of the British Indian Guttiferm was drawn up by Dr. Thos.
Anderson, late iSuperintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, shortly before his death
in 1870. .For the reduction of Xanthochymus to Garcinia I am answerable, as also for
several new species from Maingay's Malacca collections and other sources, and for the
reference to ileddome's and Lanessan's works— all such additions are either enclosed
between [ ] or signed with my initials. — J. D. Hooker.
Tribe I. G-arcinieee. Ovary-cells 1-ovuled ; stigma sessile or subsessile,
peltate, entire or with radiating lobes. Berry indehiscent. Embryo of a
solid tigellus with minute cotyledons or 0.-
Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals 1. Garcinia.
Calyx closed in bud, bursting into 2 valves 2. Ochrocarpus.
Tribe II. CalophylleaB. Ovary with 1, 2 or 4 erect ovules ; style slender
(rarely styles 2), stigma peltate or 4-fid or acute. Fruit fleshy, rarely dehis-
cent. Embryo of two tieshy free or consolidated cotyledons, with a small
radicle.
Ovary l-celled, 1-ovuled; style 1, stigma peltate ' . .... 3. Calophyllum.
Ovary 1-celled, 4-ovuled; style 1, stigma 4-fid 4. Kayea.
Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled ; style 1, stigma peltate 5. Mesua.
Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled ; styles 2, stigmas acute 6. PcEciLONEUKOif.
1. GARCINIA, Linn.
(Including Xanthochymus, Eoxb.)
Trees, usually with yellow juice. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous, very
rarely stipulate. Flowers solitary fascicled or panicled, axillary or terminal,
polygamous. Sepals 4-5, decussate. Fetals 4-5, imbricate. Male fl. :
Stamens oo, free or collected into a ring or an entire globose or conical
4-5-lobed mass, usually surrounding a rudimentary ovary ; anthers sessile or
on short thick filaments, 2- rarely 4-celled, adnate or peltate, dehiscing by
slits or pores or circumsciss. Female or hermaphrodite fl. : Staminodes 8-oo ,
free or connate. Ovary 2-1 2-celled ; stigma sessile or subsessile, peltate,
entire or lobed, smooth or tubercled ; ovules solitary in each cell, attached
to the inner angle of the cell. Berry with a coriaceous rind. Seeds with a
pulpy aril. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa, and Polynesia ; species about 50.
[Kurz (Jouni. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxvii. 64) rightly states that Xanthochymus cd-n-
not be kept distinct from Garcinia, for that both 4- and 5-merou8 flowers occur in
X. pictorius. — /. D. H.^
Subgenus I. G-arclnia proper. Sepals and Petals 4 each.
Series A. Stigma divided into rays, or deeply 4-lobed (unknown in
G. hancana).
* Stamens of male flowers in 4 masses or in a 4-lobed mass surrounding
the rudimentary ovary j anthers oblong, dehiscing vertically.
si
260 XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia.
1. G-. IHangrostana, Linn. ; leaves ellintic-oblong acuminate, nersres
very numerous horizontal, petiole short thick, male fl. 1^ in. diam. yellow-
red or purple, stamens in 4 masses, stigma sessile. JJC. Prodr. i. 560 ;
Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 618 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4847 ; Chois. GiUiif. Ind. 33 ;
Flanch. & Trian. Mem. GtUtiff. 170; \_Lane8san Mem. Garcin. 15j.
Native and cultivated in the Malayan Peninsula and Southern Tenasserim, —
DisTRiB. Malay Archipelago, cult, in Ceylon and a few spots in the Madras
Presidency.
A small conical tree 20-30 ft.; hranches many, decussate. Leaves 6-10 hy 2^-41 in.,
very coriaceous ; nerves regular, close, inarching with an intramarginal one. Male fl.
in 3-9-flowered terminal fascicles ; pedicels short. Sepals orbicular, concave, persistent.
Petals broad-ovate, fleshy. Stamens indefinite. Hekmaph. fl. 2 in, diam., solitary or
geminate at the tips of the young branches; pe'licels ^ in., thick, woody. Sepals and
petals as in the male. Stamens many, filaments slender, connate below. Ovary
4-8-celled. Stigma sessile, 8-rayed ; ovules solitary. Ben-y a.s large as an orange,
smooth, dark purple ; pericarp firm, spongy. Seeds large, flattened ; aril very fleshy,
white, juicy.
2. Cr. corneal Linn. ; leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate, petiole \ in.,
male fl, | in. diam. pale green, stamens in a 4-lobed mass, style short.
LC. Prodr. i. 561 ; tioxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 629 ; Wiijht Ic. t. 105 ; Wall. Cat. 4852
in part ; Clims. Guitif. Ind. 33 ; Planch, ii; Trian. Mem. Guttif. 170 ; [Lanes-
san Mem. Garcin. 20]. G. affiuis. Wall. Cat. 4852, -3, and -4 in part, not of
W. (fc A. Discostigma fabrile, Miguel Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 496 {Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxix. p. 64).
Eastekn Bengal from Silhet to Tenasserim, Penang, and Malacca. — Distrib.
Malay Archipelago.
A smnll tree ; trunk erect, branches horizontal and pendulous. Leaves 4-6 by
2-3 in., leathery, shining, often acuminate; veins stout, prominent, |-^ in. apart,
straight or forked, iuarching with an intramarginal one, Male fl, inodorous, in 3-9-
flowered terminal faw.-icles, pedicels 1-1 ^ in. Sepals orbicular, coriaceous. Petals ovate,
concave, twice as loni; as the sepals and thinner. Stam'nial masses united at their
base only. IIermaph. fl. usually solitary, like the males: pedicel short, stout, terminal.
Stigma large, 4-6-lobed, glutinous. Berry subspheiical, the size of a small orange,
briglit-red ; pericarp spongy. Seeds enclosed in a white jnicy very acid aril. — All
Cumming's speciniens marked 2296 are from Malacca; his 1124 are from the Philippines
and referable to Bluncos Cantbogia venulosa (Garcinia, Choi.'-y), diflering in the large
flowers, thick woody pedic'ls and many-lobed stigma. Wnilich's specimen G. affinis,
4854) is the only Silhet one 1 have seen; other of his specimens ticketed (G. apijiis
belong to G. anomala. [.M Lanessan, Mem. Gave. 21, refers this to G.olehica, Linn.
There are two or more species or forms comprised under this description of G. corma,
one with narrow leaves and very oblique veins, the other with broad leaves and much
closer-set veins more spreading from the midrib. This last resembles in foliage the
G. malaccense, and is apparently common in the Eastern Peninsula. — /. D. H.]
3. G-. speclosa, Wall. PI. As. Par. iii. t. 258 ; Cat. 4852 E ; leaves
oblong or elliptic-oblong narrowed at both ends, petiole ^ in. thick angled,
male fl. 1| in. diam. bright yellow. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 33 ; Planch, dc Trian.
Mem. Guttif, 171.
Tenasserim, near Amherst ; Moulmein; Martaban; Andaman Island, Kurz.
A tree about 50 ft., trunk straight, erect, 2 ft. diam. ; bark thin, greyish-black.
Leaves 5-12 by l|-3 in., leathery. Male fl. as in G. corma but larger, and very
fragrant. Female fl. unknown. — Closely allied to G. cornea, [M. Lanessan, Mem.
Garcin. 15, refers this species as a synonym to G. Mangostana.]
** Stamens of male flower in a central shortly-stalked 4-anglecl or columnar
mass; anthers quadrate, dehiscing vertically; rudimentary ovary usually 0.
Gareinia.] xxiii. guttifer^. (T. Anderson.) 261
t Male flower in Z-^ -jld. terminal and axillary fascicles ; fruit subglohose
or ovoid, tip mamillar {unknown in G. bancana).
4. G. indica, Chois. in DC. Prodr. i. 561 (according to Lanessan Mem.
Garcin. 45) ; leaves obovate- or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, male
pedicels 1-H in., fruit globose as large as an orange purple not furrowed.
Flamh. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 183 ; Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 45. G. pur-
purea, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 624 ; Graham Cat. Bomb. PL 25 ; Wight III. i. 125 ;
Dalz. <h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. '31 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi. ; Planch. <k
Trian. Mem. Guttif. 191. G. celebica, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 700 ;
and Chois. Guttif Ind. 33 (not of Humph.). Brindonia indica, Dupetit-Th.
in Diet. Sc. Nat. v. 340.
Western Peninsula; Ghats of Concan and Canara. — Distrib. Cultivated in Bom-
bay, Mauritius, &c. {I have seen no specimen.)
A slender tree, with drooping branches. Leaves 24-3^ in., dark-green, young red,
membranous, mucronate rarely obtuse. Male fl. 4-8 in axillary and terminal fascicles ;
buds as large as a pea. Sepals orbicular, outer smaller. Petals rather larger. /Stamens
numerous (12-20 Beddome), forming a short capitate column ; anthers oblong, 2-celled,
opening longitudinally. Fem. fl. solitary, terminal, shortly and strictly peduncled.
Staminodes in 4 masses. Ovary 4-8-celled ; stigma of as many lobes. Fruit spherical,
as large as a small orange, purple throughout, not grooved. Seeds 5-8, compressed,
enclosed in an acid pulp. {Characters from Roxburgh, &e.)
I have followed Planchon and Triana and Lanessan in referring the G. purpurea
of Roxburgh (not of Herb. Wallich) to G. indica of Choisy, a plant known from
early times as the Briudon of the Portuguese, and cultivated as such in Goa and the
Mauritius. It was described by Garcias in 1574, by J. Bauhin in 1623, and by Ray
in 1688. Roxburgh states of his G. purpurea that it was sent to him by Dr. Berry
from a garden, and was supposed to come from the Eastern Archipelago. Graham
(Cat. PI. Bombay) says that G. purpurea, Roxb., is the Brindall of the Portuguese, is
cultivated in the gardens of Bombay, and found wild in the ravines of Kandalla, &c.
The juice of the fruit is used as a mordant, and the expressed oil of the seed is the
Kokum oil of the natives, extensively used to adulterate Ghee.
There are in the Hookerian Herbarium specimens from Lambert's Herbaiium labelled
purpurea, Roxburgh, but they are imperfect ; their leaves are rather small, elliptic,
with very oblique somewhat distant nerves, and resemble those of G. Gambogia and
G. Jlorella, and are perhaps referable to G. lancecefolia. — /. D. H.
5. Gr, xnalaccense, Hook. f. ; leaves very coriaceous elliptic acuminate,
nerves very tine spreading close-set connected beneath by oblique nervules,
male fl. 1 in. diaro.. stoutly pedicelled fascicled, female 1^2 in. diam., stamens
in a dense stipitate conical column.
Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Maingay. {G. cornea, Roxb., Kew distrib. 149.)
Branches stout, 4-angled. Leaves 5-7 by 2-2i^ in., abruptly acuminate, hardly
shining above, brown when dry ; petiole ^ in. Male fl. on stout pedicels ^-| in., in
terminal fascicles of 4-6. Sepals orbicidar, concave. Petals twice as long, dull-red,
broadly ovate, shortly-clawed. Stamens very numerous, densely imbricated in a narrow
conical or pyramidal mass, filaments very short ; anthers adnate, ovoid, 2-celled, some
oblong, otuers bruader than long. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female fl. solitary, ter-
minal, rose- coloured. Staminodes few. Ouar?/ globose, 8-celled ; stigma sessile, very
large, convex, enveloping half the ovary, 8-cleft almost to the concave c«utre. Fruit
unknown. — So like G. spectabilis that but for the structure of the andrcecium (which is
confirmed by Maingay's careful analysis), I should have hesitated in separating it from
that plant, which again differs from G. cornea chiefly in the much larger flower.
Cumming's 2296 from the same locality (referred by Choisy to G. venulosa of the
Philippines, and by T. Anderson to G. cornea) may be this same plant. — /. D. H.
6. G. Cambogrla, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 701 j leaves oblong
elliptic or lanceolate dark green beneata, nerves very oblique, male pedicels
262 XXIII. GUTTiFER^. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia.
:J-f in., rudimentary stigma 3-4-lobed or 0, fruit not grooved to the tip.
Boxb. Coram. PI. iii. t. 298, Fl. Ind. ii. 621 ; DC. Prodr. i. 561 ; Wall. Cat.
4865, 4866, 4861 C, 4863 B ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 561 ; Chois. Guttif. Ind, 35 ;
Planch, d; Trian. Mem. Guttif. 177 ; Thwaites Envm. 48 ; [Lanessan Mem.
Garcin. 362 ; Beddome Flor. ISybat.i.^b]. G. zeylanica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 621 ;
Wall. Cat. 4867; [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 408 J. G. affinis, W. dh A. Prodr.
101 (uot of Wall. Cat. 4854). G. elliptica. Wall. Cat. 4b69.
Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from Concan to Travancor ; Ceylon.
A small erect tree ; branches drooping. Leaver 2-5 by ^-1^ in., dark green, shining,
hardly coriaceous, shortly acuminate, base acute rarely obtuse ; midrib prominent to the
middle; veins thick, usually very oblique, ^ in. apait, reticulate; petiole \-^ m.
Male fl. in short axillary fascicles; pedicels thickened towards the tip, often rtflexed.
Sepals with narrow membranous margins, outer ^-^ in. long, inner larger. Petals
twice as long as the sepals, thinner, oblong, concave. Stamens 12-20 or more, adnate
to the receptacle into a mass with a prominent centre ; free part of filaments ^^ i"* '*'"g'
£u<Jimentary stigmas 3-4, very short or (». Hekmaph. fl. 1-3, terminal and axillary,
rather larger than the male ; pedicels ^\ in. Stamens 10-20, filaments unequal, all
connate at the base or in unequal bundles. Stigmatic rays 8-10-tubercled, free nearly
to the base, spreading. Fruit the size of a small apple, yellow or red, grooves 6-8,
ending about the middle ; top flat, depressed, mamilla thick. Seeds 6-8 ; aril succu-
lent. — Roxburgh's unpublished drawing (Herb. Calcutta and Kew) differs from that in
the Coromandel plants in the usually axillary female flowers, with few terminal ones,
and in the papillose scarcely divided stigma; differences of no specific vali:e. Thwaites
(Enum.) states that this yields a yellow insoluble gum, hence valueless as a pigment,
but that the acid juice of the ripe fruit is used as a condiment. — [G. indica, Chois (DC
Prodr. i. 561), founded on I'homas's Brindonia indica (Diet. Sc. Nat. v. 340), is pro-
bably this species, but having seen no specimens I do not quote it. See No. 4.]
[The following varieties or species are referred to O. Camhogia by Beddome (Fl. Sylv.
Gen. xxi.).
Var. 1. conicarpa, Wight Tc. 121 (excl. <J), 111. i. 126 (sp); Planch. & Trian. Mem.
Guttif. 192 ; Lane.^san Mem. Garcin. 53 ; kaves bioader beyond the- middle or linear-
rblong, fruit ovoid-conical 4-grooved to the top, furrows angular. — Shevagerry hills,
Wight.
Vau. 2. papilla, Wight Tc. t. 960, 961 (sp.); Planch. & Trian. Guttif. Ind. 191 ;
Lanessan mem. Garcin. 50 ; leaves large elliptic, fruit ovoid 4-8-grooved to the top
with a terminal mamilla — Conoor and Sisparah jungles, Wight.]
7. G. Cowa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 622 : leaves broad-lanceolate acute at both
ends dark green beneath, male pedicels ^— | in., rudimentary stigma 0, fruit
grooved to the tip. UC. Prodr. i. 561 ; W.d- A. Prodr. i. l(tl ; Chois. Guttif.
Ind. 34 ; Planch, d' Trian. Mem. Gidtif 186 ; Wall. Cat. 4863 ; [Lanessan Mem.
Garcin. 54.] G. Kydia, Roxb. I.e. 623 ; Wight. Ic. t. 113 ; [G. Kydiana, Lanessan
Mem. Garci7i. 59. j G. Roxburghii, Wight III. 125 {excl. syn. Cambogia Zey-
lanicae affinis), /c.t. 104. G. umbellifera, /^oa;6.. Wall. 6'a^.4864. G.Wallichii,
Chois.' I.e. 37. G. lobulosa, Wall. Cat. 4868 A ; Chois I.e. 36. Oxy carpus
gangetica. Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. v. 344.
Eastern Bengal; bills near Monghir; Assam; Eastern Peninsula; Andaman
Islands, Kurz.
An erect tree, 60 ft. ; trunk straight, simple ; branches many, slender, lower reaching
the ground ; bark dark-grey. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in. ; veins yV~^ ^^- apart, slender,
regvilar, inarching with an intra-marginal one. Male fl. in 3-8-flowered, rarely axillary
umbels ; pedicels ^-^ in. Sepals ^ in. long, broad-ovate, thick, fleshy, yellow, with
pink on both surfaces. Petals twice as long, oblong. Stamens many ; anthers sub-
sessile, 4-celled. Hermaph. fl. solitary, rarely 2-3, axillary, sessile. Ovary subglobose;
stigmatic rays spreading, papillose. Stamens (sterile) in 4 clusters of 3-8 unequal
filaments. Fruit the size of a small orange, dark-yellow, 4-8-gi"ooved and celled, de-
pressed above, tip mamillary. — Wallich's Sincapore specimens 4868 B are very im-
Garcinia.] xxiii. guttifer^. (T. Anderson.) 263
perfect. The specimens under this number in Herb. Linn. Soc. consist of two brandies
wi^h leaves and solitary terminal female flowers: the five leaves marked B are detached
and can hardly be referred to O. Cowa, whilst the flowers certainly can. — [Lanessau
retains G. Kydiana as a distinct species with G. Wallichiana, Choisj, and umbettifera,
Wall., as synonym.]
8. Gr. nigTo-lineata, Planch, mss. ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate acute at the base ferruginous beneath, male pedicels \-\ in.,
rudimentary stigma 0.
Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith (Kew distrib. 854), and Maingay (Kew
distrib. 152 and 162).
A tree ; branches often knotted ; bark dusky. Leaves 5-8 by 1^-3 in., subcnriaoeous,
tapering to the base ; veins many, delicate, -^^-^ in. apart, inarching with an intra-
marginal one. Male fl. 3-9, fascicled on short^xillary woody nodes; pedicels |-^in.,
slender, thickened above. Sepals ^V in., fleshy, orbicular. Petals a little longer and
thinner, concave, reflexed above the middle. Stamens in a shortly ppdicelled 4 cornered
compressed mass ; anthers 4-gonal, 4-ceIIed. Female fl. solitary, axillary. Ovary ovoid
(5-7-celled, Maingay) ; stigma 5-7-lobed, lobes lobulate, papillose. ["Fruit subglobose,
with a thick fleshy stipitate discoid apiculus, as large as a walnut, bright orange-
yellow." — Maingay J\
9 1 G-. bancana, Miquel Flor. Ned. Ind. Supj^L 494 ; branchlets very
stout, leaves broadly ovate or oblong tip rounded very coriaceous, veins
numerous slender, petiole 1 in., male fl. small shortly pedicelled in dense
fascicles from axillary cushions that are clothed with lanceolate bracts.
Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Maingay (Kew distrib. 158). — Distrib. Island of
Banca.
Branchlets as thick as the little finger, 4-angled, black when dry, nodes very close
set. Leaves 5-7 by 3-4 in., not shining, narrowed into the petiole, brown when dry,
nerves uniform very slender, with oblique sinuous connecting nerves beneath ; petiole
not very stout. Male fl. \ in. diam., crowded on every node for a considerable length ;
pedicels J in. long; bracts crowded, tV—iV ^"- ^^ng, membranous, erect, red-brown.
Sepals orbicular, outer smaller. Petals rather larger than the inner sepals, orbicular,
concave, not very coriaceous. Stamens forming a quadrate mass, without a rudimentary
ovary ; anthers small, subsessile, 2celled, peltate. — I find no difference between this
plant and the Banca one except that the leaves are larger and the pedicels rather
shorter. A very similar or identical plant is found in Borneo ; its remarkable inflo-
rescence and bracts at once distinguish it. — J. D. H.
ft Male flower terminal^ solitary or geminate, rarely 3, fruit ohovoid,
unknown in G. loniceroides. — Leaves 2-4 in.
10. G-. lanceaefolia, Roxb. FL Ind. ii. 623 ; leaves narrow-lanceolate
acuminate subcoriaceous dark green, flowers ^ in. diam. Wight Ic. t. 163 ;
Wall. Cat. 4861 A, B; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 36 ; Planch. (^ Trian. Mem. Guttif.
186 {_Laae.ssan Mem. Garcin. 48]. G. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 4862, and
Chois. I.e. 36 {iiot of Roxburgh).
Eastern Bengal ; in forests of Assam and Silhet.
A small tree ; bark dark, rough. Leaves 2-4 by f-1 in., rather thick, tapering at
the base ; veins few, indistinct; petiole J-| in. Male fl. 1-2, terminal, dark-yellow.
Sepals ^ in. long, thick, oblong, fleshy. Petals smaller, slightly oblique, dark red.
Stamens about 40, in a globose mass ; anthers 4-celled. Female fl. terminal or axdlary,
rather larger than the male. Stamens in 4 bundles of 4-5 each. Ovary ovoid ; stig-
matic rays 6-8, gland-ilarly tubercled. Fruit the size of a small plum, obovojd, not
grooved, orainge-yellow, 6-8-seeded.— [Lanessan refers G. oxyphylla, PI. & Tnan., to
this species.]
264 XXI ir. GUTTiFERuE. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia.
11. G. loniceroides, T. Anders. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate oroblanceo-
late membranous glaucous beneath, flowers very small i in. diam.
BiRMA, Griffith {Kew distrib. n. 870) ; Pegu, at Tonkve ghat, Kurz.
A shrub or small tree ; branches slender, decussate, horizontal, old bark dark grey ;
young shoots reddish purple. Leaves 2-4 by 4-^ in., confined to the young shoots ;
▼eins slender, indistinct, irreejularly branched and forked; petiole ^ in. Male ti.
r.irely axillary, usually 3 or more; pedicels slender, ^ in. Sepals axu\ petals tV^iV '"•»
thinly fleshy, broad-ovate, concave. Stamens many in a central sessile 8ub-4-gonai
mass ; anthers subsessile, 2-celled. Budiinentary ovary 0.
ttt Male flower in a terminal 3-chotomous panicle ; fruit smooth.
12. G-. pedunculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 625 ; leaves obovate obtuse
long-petioled. WaU. Cat 4860; Wight III. 125, Ic. t. 114, 115 : Chois. Mnn.
QiMif. 36 ; Planch, dh Trian. Mem. Gutlif. 192 ; [Lanessan Mem. Garcin.
42].
Forests of N.E. Bengal, near Rungpore and Goalpara, and in Silhet, where it is
cultivated for its pleasant acid fruit.
A tree about 60 ft-.; bark spongy. Leaves 6-12 by 3-54 i"-» subcoriaceotis ; base
acute or acuminate ; midrib stoat; veins 4 in. apart, regular, parallel, tips in;irched and
anastomosing; petiole 1-1 J in. Male fl. large, pale green, in 8-r2-flowLred panicles;
pedicels 2-3 in., stout, erect. Sepals ^ in., orbicular, fleshy, inner pair narrower.
Petals narrower, but scarcely longer, obhmg. -S'iamevw in a 4-angled trtmcate shortly
stipitate mass ; anthers 4-gonal, 2-celled. Female fl. solitary, larger than the male,
terminal on a thick 4-angled peduncle ^ in. long. Stamens 20-30, filaments in
4 bundles, connate below. Ovary globose; stigmatic rays 8-10, spreading. Fruit
large, yellow, the size of a small melon. Seeds 8-10, large, reniform ; aril succulent.
tttt Male flowers several^ in sessile terminal heads ; fruit echinate.
13. far. echinocarpa, Thwaites in Hook. Joum. Bot. vi. (1854) 71 ;
Enam. 49 ; leaves lanceolate oblong or obovate acute or retuse base narrowed.
Planch. <i' Trian. Mem. Guttif. 193 ; [Beddome Fl(jr. Syivat. Gen. xxi.
Lanetisan Mem. Garcin. 33].
Central and Southern provinces of Ceylon.
A tree, 40-50 ft. Leaves 3-6 by 1-24 in., thickly coriaceous; veins close, regular;
petiolfc stout, ^-1 in. Male fl. small, sessile, pale yellow. Sepals thick, orbicular, sub-
cordate. Petals twice as long, thinner, oblong, suboblique. Stamins 12 or more, on a
short 8ub-4-gonous stalk; anthers subsessile, 4-angled. Female fl. solitary, terminal,
sessile. Stamens connate in a ring. Ovary covered wiih imbricate Heshy scales ;
stigma peltate, irregularly lobed. Fruit I4 in. long, subglobose, dark-red, covered with
broad sharp tubercles (like the Litchi fruit), l-S-seeded. — The thick oil of the seed is
used for lamps, but is not good.
Vak. 1. Leaves lanceolate-oblong acute, flowers small. — Forests, below 4000 ft.
Vah. 2. Leaves thickly coriaceous obovate or oblong retuse or obtuse, flowers large. —
A mountain state, alt. 4-6000 ft.
*** Stamens of the male flowers in a subglobose mass ; anthers adnata,
orbicular, dehiscence circumsciss, rudimentary ovary 0. (Male fl. axillary.)
14. G. Morella, Besiyuss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 701, t. 405, f. 2 ; leaves
thickly coriaceous elliptic-obovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse, veins very
oblique, petals longer than the inner sepals. DC. Prodr. i. 561 ; Planch. <k
I'rian. Mem. Guttif. 195 ; Ilanbury in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 489, t. 50
[Beddome. Flor. Syivat. t. 86 ; Lanessan Mem. .Garcin. 62]. G. lobulosa,
WalL Cat. 4868. G. pictoria, Roxb. Fl, Ind. ii. 627 ; WigfU Ic. t. 102 IBed-
domeFlor. Syivat. t. 87]. G. elliptica, Wall. Cat. 4869; Wight Ic. t. I2O.
G. acuminata, Planch, d; Trian. I.e. 200. G. gutta, WigM 111. 125, t. 144
Garcinia.] xxiii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) 265
(eoccl. syn. Linn.). G. cambogioides, Royle Mat.'' Med.' Ed. iii. 339. Hebra-
dendron cambogioides, Graham in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199, t. 27.^
Forests of Eastern Bengal ; the Khasia Mts. ; the Western Peninsula, in Malabar
and Canara, and the Eastern Peninsula at Malacca and Sincapore ; Ceylon. — Dis-
TRIB. Eastwards to Siara.
A small tree, 30-50 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-3 in., base acute, veins indistinct, ^-\ in.
apart; petiole about \ in., short, stout. Male fl. about 3, subsessile in the axils of
fallen leaves, or on pedicels ^-| in. long. /Sepals y^ in., orbicular, concave. Petals
similar, but rather larger. /Stamens many, in an obscurely 4-aiigled subghibnse mnss;
free portion of filament very short ; anthers orbicular, flattened. Female fl. larger than
the male, solitary, axillary, sessile or shortly pedicelled. Staminodes about 1 2, bases
connate or in a ring. Ovary subglobose ; stigma large, sessile, 4-lobed, tubercled, lobes
toothed. Fruit the size of a cherry^ subglobose, slightly 4-lobed, 4-celled, 4- seeded. —
For an excellent memoir and accurate figure see Hanbury's paper cited above. "The
only Ceylon Gamboge-yielding species." Thwaites. Much confusion has arisen from
Planchon and Triana having examined only imperfect specimens of Wallich'.s n. 4868.
The specimens in the Linnean Society consist of 2 branches, with many attached
leaves, a young leaf and a fruit, all certainly belonging to the true G. MoreVa. —
[Lanessan adds, as other synonyms, G. laterijlora, Blum., and Gaudichaudi, PI. &
Trian. Beddome keeps G. pictoria, Roxb., distinct from G. 3Iorella, Desroiiss., on
account of difference in the female flower, which he represents as having the staminodes
in bundles and the stigma very small, 4-lobed in the centre. He states that the Gamboge
has been analyzed by Mr. Broughton, and that it proves equal to that of G. Morella. —
J. D. B.]
15. G. Choisyana, Wall. Cat. 4870; leaves membranous ovate acu-
minate, petals twice as long as the sepals. Planch. <h Trian. Mem. Gattif.
203. Hebradendron Choisyanum, Chois. Guttif. Ind. 39.
Eastern Peninsula, Wallich.
Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in. ; veins few, 4-4 in. apart, alternate, reticulate, anastomosing
at the tips; petiole 4 in., slender. Male fl. S)litary?, axillary, sessile. SepaU ^ in.,
broad ovate, scarious. Petals obovate, slightly concave. Stamens many, in a short
mass, 'free portion of filament short ; anthers irregular, more or less orbicular. Fe.viale
fl. unknown.
16. G. heterandra, Wall. Cat. 4856 ; leaves thickly coriaceous ovate
obtuse or obtusely acuminate, petals twice as long as the sepals. Planch. <&;
Trian. Mem. Guttif. 204. Hebradenvlron Wallichii, Chois. Gidtif. Ind. 39.
Forests of Pegu and Tenasserim, ascending to 4000ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 874).
Young branches stout, with large axillary flowering nodes. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in.,
base tapering; veins ^-1 in. apart, faint, curved; petiole |-1 in,, stout. Male fl.
^ in. diam., axillary, subsessile. Sepals thin, coriaceous, orbicular. Petals thick, fleshy.
Stamens in a globose central mass, free portions of filaments very short ; anthers peltate.
Female fl. axillary, solitary, sessile. Immature fruit subglobose, 4-celled, 4-8eeded;
stigmatic rays 4, sessile, tubercled. — Choisy describes the male flowers as solitary, but
1 think the large scarred axillary nodes indicate their being fascicled.
17. Cr, Wig-htii, T. Anders. ; leaves coriaceous linear-lanceolate acumi-
nate, petals equalling the sepals.
Forests of Southern India, Wight. (Distrib. Kew, PI. Wight, 145.)
Leaves 3-5 by ^-i in.; veins very slender oblique ; petioles ^-^ in. Male fl. small,
sessile, axillary. Sepals equal, thinly coriaceous, orbicular, concave. Petals obovate,
very concave. Stamens about 20, in a 4-gonal column enclosing a rudimentary 4-t;onal
style, filaments free above ; anthers peltate, dehi&cence oblique. Female ti. solitary,
sessile. Pruit the size of a small cherry ; stigma 4-lobed. — The Gamboge of this
species is very soluble, and yields a good pigment.
^QQ XXIII. auTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) \Garcinia.
Series B. Stigma entire.
* Stamens of the male flowers in a globose central mass; anthers 2-4-celled,
dehiscing vertically (unknown in 19. atro-viridis). Stigma convex.
18. G. paniculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.626 ; leaves thin oblong-lanceolate
or obovate, male fl. in twice or thrice branched panicles, female in short
terminal spikes. Wight III. 125, let. 112; Wall. Cat. 48o7 ; Ckois. Gatiif.
Ind. 35 ; Planch, d; Tri/m. Mem. Gtittif. 194 [Laitessan Mem.. Garcirt. 60].
G. Bhumicowa, Boxh. ; Wall. Cat. 4858.
Eastern Bengal ; Khasia Mts., ascending to 3000 ft. ; Eastern Himalaya, Bhotan,
Booth.
A tree, about 40 feet; branches many, ancending. Leaves 6-9 by 2-4 in., shining,
acuminate, rarely obtuse, base tapering; veins | in, apart, curved ; petiole | in. Male
fl.'many, pure white. Outer sepaU small, thick, inner y\ in. Petals 3 times longer,
ovate, very concave. Stamens many, subsessile, imbricate in a large siibp:lobo8e maeg;
anthers obovate, 2-4-celled. Fkmale fl. few, like the males. Staminodes 0, or 1-2 fila-
ments. Ovary subglobose; stigma convex, entire, tubercled. Fruit the size of a large
cherry, yellow, succulent. iSeeds 4, reniform, aril pulpy.
19. G. atro-viridls, Griff, mss. ; leaves coriaceous oblong-lanceolate,
female fl. solitary terminal.
Upper Assam, at Tabong, Griffith. (Herb. Kew Distrib. 862). Malacca, Maingay.
Young branches stout, terete , bark black when dry. Leaves 6-9 by 2-2^ in., thickly
coriaceous, dark green, shining, abruptly acuminate, base contracted ; veins ^ in. apart,
prominent on both surfaces, anastomosing along the margin; petiole 1 in. Female H.
large, 1^ in. diam. ; pedicel 1 in. SepuU spreading, large, orbicular, concave, blood-red
within. Petals obovate, fleshy, coloured like tlie sepals, tip recurved. IStamens united
below into a ring. Ovary subangled, 10-celled; stigma sessile 8ub-4-gonal, minutely
tubercled, broader than tne ovary. — " Ovary 9-celled ; 8tij,'ma closely adherent to the
ovary, large, orbicular, convex, blood-red, fleshy, margin obscurely lobed. Ivipo fruit
3 in. long, subglobose, base slightly y-lobed, dull yellow, crowned by the at length con-
cave stigma." — Mainyay rnss.
20. G, Griffitbil, T.Anders.; leaves^very large ovate or ovate-cordate,
obtuse, nerves distant.
Eastern Peninsula, Mt. Opbir near Malacca, G^ri^/t (Kew Distrib. 361); Main'
gay (Kew Distrib. 153).
A tall tree ; young branches 4-gonou8, pale green. Leaves 12-18 by 4-64 ^^-i coria-
ceous ; midrib stout, rigid, angled ; veins very prominent, i| in. apart, tips free. Male fl.
numerous, small, bright yellow, in very short axillary woody branches, pedicels 2 in.
SepaU tV'"' '^'"g> concave, fleshy. Pttals a little hirger, oblong, "dull-red,'' Maivgay.
Stamens many, in a sub-4-gonal sessile flattened mass ; anthers subsessile, 2-celled.
Mudimentary ovary 0. Female fl. : " Ovary 12-celled ; style very short, stigma
peltate slightly convex obscurely lobod at the margin, rough with elevated papillae,
persistent. Fruit pomitbrm faintly ribbed, 2 in. in longest diam. Seed two-thirds pen-
dulous.' ' — Maingay.
[There is in Maingay's Herbarium a plant very like this in habit, but described by
him as having a circumsciss anther, which is cultivated at Sincapore as the true Gam-
boge of Siam.]
** Stamens of the male flower in an annular mass round the rudimentary
ovary ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscence vertical Stigma broad, discoid, centre
depressed.
21. G. anoxnala, Planch, d' Trian. Mem. Gutiif. 174 ; leaves coriaceous
elliptic or oblong-lanceolate shortly acuminate, male and female fl. in brac-
teate 3-flowered cymes. \_Lanessa)i Mem Garcin. 30.] G. affinis, Wall. Cat.
4854 injjurt, not of W. dc ^.— Guttifera, Griff. It. iVotes^ 40, No. 654.
Garcinia.] xxiii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) ^Q7
Eastern Bengal; Jyntea Hills and Khasi^a Mts., Wallkh, &c., in beds of torrents,
3000-5000 ft. elevation. (Kew Distrib. Herb., Griffith, 848) ; (Herb. Ind. Or., H. f. & T.
Garcinia, 14).
A small erect tree, branches subverticillate. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3? in., dark green;
veins close-set, anastomosing within the margin ; petiole ^-4 in. Cymes in the axils of
the upper leaves, rather exceeding the petioles ; pedicels short, stout ; bracts under each
flower 2, leafy, | in. long. Male H. : Sepals orbicular, concave. Petals \ in. long, .
obliquely oblong, suberect, slightly concave. Stamens very numerous, mass subglobose
concealing the rudimentary ovary ; anthers large, horse-shoe shaped. Female fl. like
the male, but ^ smaller. Staminodes many, united into a lobe<i ring or into bundles.
Ovary oblong ; stigma broad, discoid, edge revolute, slightly lobed. Fruit the size of a
plum, subglobose, smooth, dark olive-green, crowned by the short-thick style, 1-2-
seeded.
22. G-. IWaing'ayl, Hook.f.; leaves 4-6 in., elliptic obtusely apiculate
petioled, nerves distant spreading arched distinct, interspaces covered with
minute wavy irregular raised points and lines, flowers about | in diam.
Eastern Peninsula, Malacca, Maingay, (Kew Distrib. No. 161 cJ and 160 9).
A small tree ; branches obtusely angled. Leaves coriaceous, very pale-brown when
dry, not shining, narrowed into the petiole, which is ^ in. long ; nerves ^-\ in. apart.
Male fl. in terminal fascicles, shortly pedicelled. Sepals broader than long, outer
smaller than the inner. " Petals larger than the sepals, shortly clawed. Stamens very
numerous, filaments connate into a short column ; anthers in very many series sur-
rounding a columnar rudimentary ovary with a discoid top, linear, recurved, 2-celled.
Female fl. solitary, terminal, subsessile. Perianth of the male. Staminodes few, slen-
der, inserted on a hypogjnous ring. Ovary globose, half concealed by the large convex
entire stigma, 4-6-celled. — Maingay describes the stigma as marginally 3-4-lobed, but
it appears to be quite entire in the dried specimens. — /. L>. H.
23. Cr. stipulata, T. Anders, ; leaves thickly coriaceous elliptic-oblong
stipulate, male flowers in 4-6-flowered cymes, female solitary or geminate.
Guttifera, Griff. It. Notes, 117 n. 261.
Eastern Himalaya, in moist subtropical forests, Bhotan, Griffith (Kew. Distrib. 860)
Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft., /. D. H. (Herb. H. f. & T. Garcinia, 17.)
A tree, about 60 ft ; bark smooth, branches slender. Leaves 6-12 by 14-3^ in., dark
green, thickly coriaceous, yellow-green ; midrib and nerves pnmiinent, the latter alternate,
distant, incurved, reticulate ; petiole | in. ; stipules small, triangular. Male fl. 4-6 in
each cyme ; pedicels 4 in., stout ; bracts scale-like. Sepals orbicular, concave, outer
^ in., inner \ in. broad. Petals twice as long, obliquely ovate, acute. Stamens many,
in an annular mass; free portion of filaments very short. Female fl. like the male,
axillary, solitary, shortly pedicelled. Fruit ^ in. long, oblong, smooth, shortly pointed,
2-celled and 2-seeded ; stigma orbicular, tubercled, margin revolute. Seeds flattened,
oblong, testa strongly nerved. — Planchon and Triana refer the flowers of the Herb. Ind.
Or. H. f. & T. specimens of this to G. speciosa (I.e. 172 in note), and state that they
cannot reconcile the venation and stipulation of the leaves distributed with them with
any Guttlferce but the tribe Quinece, and therefore refer these to a plant of that said
tribe. 1 have however examined the living plant in Sikkim, and it is certain that there
was no error in the distribution of the Indian specimens.
*** Stamens of the male flowers in 4 bundles ; anther-cells dehiscing by
terminal pores, or by 2 erect valves ; stigma peltate smooth.
24. G. mer^uensis, Wight III. 122, Ic. t. 116; leaves lanceolate
elliptic or ovate with a long obtuse or notched tip, flowers axillary, male
cymose, female solitary or in pairs. WaU. Cat. 1948. [Latiesscm Mem.
Garcin. bl, excl. syn.] Discostigma merguense, Planch, d: Tiian, Mem.
GiUtif. 208.
268 XXIII. GUTTiFERJi. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia.
Eastern Peninsula ; in dense woods from Mergui to Malacca.
A small tree or shrub, young branches 8ub-4-gonal. Leaxies 2-4 by 1-lf in., thinly
coriaceous ; veins below very close set, delicate, ending in a stout intramarginal one ;
petiole ^l in. Male fl. numerous; cymes \-l in long; pedicels \ in., 4-goiuil Outer
sepals small, bract-like ; inner ^V i^-; t^^^- nienibranuus, concave. Petals like the
inner sepals, concave. Stamens many, in 4 distinct bundles, each bearing a head of
anthers on short filaments ; anthers small. 2-celled. Budimentary stigma large fungoid ;
style equalling the staminal bundles. Female fl. on pedicels ^-1 in. Fruit ^-^ in.
long, oblong, fleshy. Seed solitary, subreniform.
25. G. travancorlca, Bedclcmie Flor. Sylvat. t. 173; leaves 2^-3^ in.
linear- oblong, tip rounded, base acute, nerves very slender horizontal, surface
finely reticulated beneath between them, petiole slender, flowers \ in. diaia.
Garciiiia, sp. 2, Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi.
AVestern Peninsula, in forests of Travancor and Tinnivelly, Beddome.
A large tree, abounding in a yellow pigment ; branches obtusely 4-angled, shining.
Leaves coriaceous, sometimes broader upwards, dark green above, not shining, pale
beneath, with a stout reddish (when dry) midrib, and beautifully reticulated surface;
margins recurved; petiole .J- 1 in. Male fl.in 3-chotomous, short, few flowered terminal
and subterminal cymes. Sepals orbicular, concave. Pttals about twice as 1 irge, shortly
clawed. /S<rt//jen« in 4 large masses ; anthers very numerous, versatile, 2-celled, cells
longitudinally 2-valved. Budimentary ovary columnar, with a circular peltate stigma.
FE.\fALE fl. terminal, subsolitary. Perianth of the male. Stamiuodes few, slender,
inserted in a hypogynouK nng. Ovary globose, half concealed by the large convex
obscurely lobed siigma. Fruit as large as a walnut, subglobose, contracted into a short
thick style with a broad imlricate stigma ^ in. diam. Seeds few, large, shining. —
/. D. H.
26. G-. terpnophylla, Thwaites Enum. 406 ; leaves lanceolate acute or
acuminate with an obtuse tip, flowers axillary, male in short subumbellate
fascicles, females solitary or in pairs. Beddome Ftor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi.
Terpnopliyllum zeylanicum, Thwdtes in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi.
70, t. 2, f. 1, Enum. 49. Discostigma zeylanicum, Planch. <t Trian. Mem.
Gidtif. 209.
Central province of Ceylon, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites.
A middle-sized tree, young foliage red-purple. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1 i in., coriaceous;
midrib prominent, veins ^ in. apart, inarching at the tips with an intramarginal one.
Male fl. ^ in diam.; pedicels Jin. Slaimns many, in 4 [2-4 Beddome j very short
spreading bundles, adnate to the basal keel of the petals ; anthers sessile. Budiinentary
ovary a small papilla. Female fl. : Staminodes scale-like. Ovary 2-celled ; stigma
peltate, partially lobed. Fruit f in. long, obliquely ovoid, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. — In the
flower I have exanuned the stamens are in 4 equal bundles, as in its allies of this section,
and not on a lobed disk as represented in Journ. I>ot. I.e.
Var. acuminatum; leaves with a long tapering obtuse point. Discostigma acumi-
natum, Planch. (£• 2'rian. 3Iem. Guttif. 209.
27. G. eug-eniaefolia, Wall. Cat, 4873 ; leaves broadly lanceolate acute
or acuminate, male flowers in short dense axillary cymes, females subum-
belled.
Eastern Peninsula ; Sincapore, Wallich (7491); Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
A small tree very like G. mergaense, but with large broader leaves, finely and closely
veined beneath like a Calophyllum. Male fl. as in merguense but smaller, in short
dense cymes. Staminal bundles distinct, suberect, free part of filaments very short ; an-
thers very small. Style slender, as long as the stamens. Female fl. in 4r- 10 flowered
short subumbelled cymes. Sepals minute, scale-Hke. Petals smaller, margins ciliate.
Staminodes V Ovary short, terete ; stigma broad, peltate with revolute entire mar-
gins. — I cannot agree with Triana and Flanchon in referring lJiscustigm,a rostratum,
Garcinia.] xxiii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) 269
Haask. to this. Heifer states that the stem exudes a green varnish, and Griffith de-
scribes the juice of the fruit as milky.
Subgenus II. Xantbochymus, Boxb. (Gen.). Sepals and Petals 5,
very rarely 4. FiJ/iments connate in 5, rarely 4 erect distant pedicelled
spathulate bodies, antheriferous at the top, free portions very short, in-
curved ; anthers small diJymous.
28. Cr. Xanthocliymus, Hook.f. ; leaves large linear-oblong or oblong-
lanceolate acute or acuminate, male fl. fascicled \ in. diam. shortly pedi-
celled. Xanthochymus pictorius, Roxb. Corcmi. PI. ii. 51, t. 196, Fl. Ind.
ii. 633. X. tinctorius, DC. Prodr. i. 562 ; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 32 ; Planch. ^
Trian. Mem. Guttif. 149 ; W. & A. Prodr. 102 ; Wall. Gat. 4837.
Eastern Bengal and the Eastern Himalaya, from Sikkim to the Khasia Mts. and
to Birraa : Eastehn Peninsula, Penang and the Andaman Islds. ; Western Peninsula,
the Circars, Roxburgh, and from the Bombay Ghats southward.
A middling sized tree ; trunk straight ; branches dro'>ping, angular. Leaves 9-18 by
2-4 in., coriaceous, shining, veins |-4 in. apart, reticulated; petiole 1 in., rugose. Male
fls. f in. diara., in 4-8-flowered fascicles, from the axils of fallen leaves, white; pedicels
thickened, l-j| in. Sepals ij in., orbicular, concave, fleshy, unequal. Petals ^ in.,
orbicular, spreading, thin. Stamens in 5 broad bundles of 3-5, alternating with 5 fleshy
glands, anthers 2-celled. Hekmapil fl. Hke the male. Ovanj ovoid, pointed, usually
5-celled; stigmatic lobes 5, oblong, spreading, entire. Fruit the size of an apple, sub-
globose, pointed, dark yellow. Seeds 1-4, oblong. — Yields a large quantity of indifferent
gamboge (Roxburgh). The closely allied X. dulcis, Roxb., of the Indian Archipelago
has a round-tipped fruit. There are in Heifer's Tenasserim Herbarium imperfect spe-
cimens of a plant much resembling this, but with pubeser;nt branchlets. " A very variable
species in the shape of the leav s, and length of the peduncles and pedicels ; it yields a
tenacious gum of no value." — Thwaites.
29. G". ovalifolius, Hook.f. ; leaves ovate elliy)tic-oblong or lanceolate
or suborbicular retuse obtuse or acute, male jEl. spiked or fascicled, sepals
ciliolate. Xanthochymus ovalifolius, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 632 ; W. <k A. Prodr.
102 ; Wall. Cat. 4838 ; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 32 ; Planch. <& Trian. Mem.
Guttif, 149; Thwaites Enum. 49. Stalagmites ovalifolius, G. Don.
' Western Peninsula; in forests of the Circars, Roxburgh; Ceylon, ascending to
3000 ft.— Distrib. Java?
A middling-sized tree. Leaves 84-8^ by l§-3g in., shining ; nerves numerous, slender,
arched with many oblique transverse nervules; petiole ^-4 in. Floioers \-\ in. diam.,
$ and 9 often mixed in one fascicle, but usually the fem.ales are fascicled and the
male-! often spiked, the spikes sometimes running out to 4 inches long, with fascicles of
flowers throughout their length. Male fl. : Sepals 4, coriaceous, orbicular, half as large
as the membranous orbicular concave petals. Stamens in 5 long-clawed spathulate
fascicles ; anthers few (6-10) didymous. Female fl. usually on much longer pedicels than
the male. Staminodes 5, small, with effete anthers. Ovary globose, 3-4-celled ; style
very short ; stigma 5-lobed to the middle. Fruit broadly oblung ; size of a walnut, smooth,
deep green, 1-3-seeded. — A very similar species inhabits Java, but has always acute
leaves.
Var. 1. ovalifoUa proper ; haves ohtnse, $ flowers fascicled 5-^ in. diam. — Ceylon
and Western Peninsula.
Var. 2. spicata; leaves obtuse, $ in long or short spikes, flowers as invar. 1. Xan-
thochymus spicatus, W. & A. Prod. 102; Wall. Cat. 346 A. — Western Peninsula.
Var. 3. macrantha; leaves obtuse, ^ flowers large §-1 in. diam. fascicled, anthers
8-12 in each bundle. — Xanthochymus ovalifolius? Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi. —
Western Ghats.
Var. 4. acutifolia ; leaves acute, flowers as in var. 1.
I can detect no further differences than the above between vars. 2, 3, and 4 G.. ovali-
folia. Beddome states that var. 3 has a different habit. — /. D. B..
270 XXI Ti. GUTTIFER^. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia.
30. G. Andersonl, Hook.f.; leaves very large 1-2 ft. oblong thickly
coriaceous subacute rounded or cordate at the base, nerves numerous strong,
flowers large, fascicled, pedicels very stout long, sepals pubescent.
Eastern Peninsula ;. Malacca, G^ri^V^, littoral ("Koondon Belookar"), Maingay
(Kewr distrib. 157, G. "macrophylla, T. And. ms.)
Brauchlets as thick as the middle finger, acutely 4-angled, almo^ winged when dry
green. Leaves by far the largest of the genus, often 2 ft. by 9 In., very variable in
. breadth, nerves very numerons and prominent, meeting in a strong intramarginal one,
interspaces reticulate; petiole 1-2 in., very stout. Male fl. unknown. Fem. fl. | in,
diam., in axillary many-flowered fagciclea ; pedicels very stout^ 2 in., seated on a sub-
globose axillary. cushion. Sepals 5, intricate, leathery, orbicular, concave, two outer
smaller, all minutely pubescent at the back. Petals thren times as large as the sepals,
orbicular, concave, contorted in bud. Disk very large, of 5 thick fleshy pitted ciliate
glands, between each of which is a minute staminode with about 5 imperfect anthers.
Ovary globose, narrowed into a distinct style, 4-5-celled ; stigma cleft to the base into
4-5 linear-oblons: obtuse rays. " Fruit very large, pomiform, crowned by the stigma,
normally 5-celled," Maingay. — This species was incompletely characterized by Dr.
Anderson from Griffith's specimens under the rass. name of Garcinia ^ marrophylla , I
have now redescribed it from Maingay 's more complete specimens, and in so doing given
the name of my late friend the monographer of the Indian (Juttiferje to what is certainly
by far the noblest species of the genus. Griffith in his notes attached to the specimen,
describes the perianth as 4-merous, but 1 find it is always o-merous. — /. 1). H.
Doubtful Species.
G. succipolia, Kurz in Joum. Deng. As. Soc. xii. pt. 2, of which the female flower
and fruit are not known. It is a native of Martaban.
2. OCKROCARPUS, Thouars.
{Calysaccion, Wight.)
Trees with coriaceous leaves and axillary polygamous flowers. Cah/x
closed before flowering, at length ojiening into 2, rarely 3, valves or sepals.
Pet<ils 4-7 or more. ^Stamens indefinite, filaments tiliform, free or shortly
connate below ; anthers erect, oblong or linear, dehiscence vertical. Ovary
2-celled ; style sliort, stout, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell Berry
1-4-seeded. »S'e<v/.s large ; embryo of a large fleshy tigellus witli the cotyledons
reduced to a small mamilla or 0.— Distrib. A small genus of VV. Africa,
Madagascar, and India.
1. O. long'ifolius, Bmth. dc. Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 980 ; leaves linear-
oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse, pedicels fascicled, petals acute. Beddorae
Flor. cSylv'it. t. 89. Calysaccion longifolium, Wight III. i. 130, Ic. t. 1999.
Mammea longifolia. Planch, dh Trkm. Mem. Guttif. 216. Calophyllum
longifolium, Wall. Cat. 4«ol. C chinense Walp. ? ex iSeemann i7i Bonplandia.
Forests of the Western Pem.nsula from Canara to the Concan.
A middling-sized tree ; young brunches terete, youngest 4-gonous. Leaves 6-8 by
2-24 iu., thickly coriaceous, dark green, base rounded, midrib stout prominent, veins few,
indistinct, very slender, united by innumerable venules which give the dried leaf a
\ery beautifully lacunose appearance ; petiole short, stout, ^ in. Flowers | in. diam.,
on nodes clothed with subulate bracteoles in the axils of fallen leaves ; buds globose ;
pe<iicel8 1 in., slender. Calyx bursting into 2 valves, reflexed during flowering. Petals
4, thin, deciduous, white. Stamens many. .^<//^e subulate ; stigma broad, discoid. Iruit
1 in.l'Ug, obliquely ovoid, tipped by the hard pointed style, siipilate, i-seedeJ. [Flowers
often hermaphrodite in cultivation, and used for dyeing silk. — Btddome.]
2. O. siamensis, T. Anders. ; leaves linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate
or oblauceulate obtuse, pedicels 1--2 rarely fascicled, petals rounded at the tip."
Ochrocarptis.] xxiii. guttifer^. (T. Anderspn.) 271
Mainmea siamensis, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 261. Calysaccion
siamense, Miguel in A an. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat, i. 209.
Dry hills in Pegu and Arracan, McClelland, Kurz. — Distrib. Siam.
Very similar indeed to 0. longifolius, but the flowers are fewer in a fascick, the petals
obtuse, and the fruit narrower and more pointed. — Flowers sweet. Fruit 1^ in. long,
ovoid, mucronate, glabrous.
3. CAZiOPHVIiZiUIMC, Linn.
Trees. Leaves opposite, shining, coriaceous, with innumerable parallel
slender veins at riglit angles to the midrib. Flowers polygamous, in numerous
axillary or terminal panicles. Sepals and j^etals 4-12, imbricate in 2-3 series.
Stamens very many, filaments, filiform often liexuous, free or connate below ;
anthers erect, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 1-celled ; style slender,
stigma peltate ; ovule solitary, erect. Drupe with a crustaceous putamen.
S^ed erect, ovoid or globose, te.sta thin, or thick and spongy. — Distrib.
About 25 species, chiefly tropical Asiatic with a few American.
A. Sepals 4. Petals (or Sepals 2, Petals 2). See also (7. Wightianum.-~-
Apoteeium, Blume Bijd. 218.
* Flowers in short racemes, racemes sometimes panicled and terminal, usually
ax'h'ary.
J C. spectab.i.le* Willd.; DC. Prodr. i. 562; leaves large (6-14 in.)
ob]o:-g nv uvaie-ouiv>ng acuminate, margins usually undulate, racemes sub-
umoeliate few-tiowered glabrous axillary or in subterminal leafy panicles.
Chois. Guttif. Ind. 43, in part ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 238 ; Wight
III. i. 128. C. tetrapetalum, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 608. C. Moonii, Wight III. i. 129,
Ic. t. iii. ; Wall. Cat. 4841 D, 4842, 4843, 4849 C ; Thw. Enum. 52 ; Beddo^
Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. cymosum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Sujypl. i. 497.
F(jre8ts of the Eastern Peninsula, Penang, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Fiji, and
Society Islands.
A tall tree: young shoots 4-gonal, often clothed with rusty tomentum. Leaves 6-14
ty 2-5 in., base acute; veins many, close-set, equally prominent on both sm-faces;
petiole ^-1 in., stout. Flowers few, ^ in. diam., in short ract-mes. Sepah 4, orbicular,
Petals 0. Fruits 8phericy,l or ovoid ; pedicel 1 in., stt)ut, glabrous. — Roxburgh describe s
the leaves of O. tetrapetalum as being finely seiTulate.
2. C. canuxn, Hook.f. ; leaves (6-7 in.) linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate
shining, racemes in very stout terminal many-liowered hoary-pubescent
panicles, pedicels short stout.
Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Maingay.
Branches robust, woody, subcylindric. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, obtusely acuminate,
red-brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, especially above, base acute, margin not
thickened, a little waved ; nerves extremely close, uniform on both surfaces ; petiole
^-| in. Panicles terminal, of many short opposite stout racemes 1-2 in. long, rachis
and branches stout. Flowers rather crowded, | in. diam. Sepals 4, outer coriaceous
broadly ovate obtuse concave, hoarv-pubescent externally, inner twice as large orbicular
concave, almost membranous. Petals 0. btamens excessively numerous, and style
equalling the inner sepals ; anthers linear. — Very like C. Walh'chii, but the leaves are
apparently never tomentose beneath, and there are no petals. — L D. H.
3. C-pulclierrlmuin, Wall. Cat. 4848-; leaves 1-2 in. ovate-lanceolate,
petiole i in., racemes axillary few-flowered glabrous, pedicels very slender.
Chois. Guttif. Ind. 41 ; Planch. <Sc Trian. Mem. Gukif. 246. C. gracile and
272 XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [Calophyllum.
C. bancanura, Miguel Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 498 and 499, and C. plicipes, ib.
{according to Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxix. pt. 2, 64). C. mesuae-
folium, Wall. Cat. 4850.
Eastekn Peninsula, Sincapore and Malacca. — Distrib. Sumatra, Bancft.
Branches slender, terete, shoots 4 gonal. Leaves 1-24 ^y 4-U '"., rigid, thin, ob-
tusely acuminate, base tapering acute ; veins slender on both surfaces ; petiole ^4 ^^-i
slender. Racemes from the axils of the oldest leaves, slender, glabrous, few-flowered ;
pedicels ^ in., very slender. Sepals all equal, broadly ovate. Petals 0. — Of Wallich's
C. mesucefolium only a branch with a few leaves are known.
Var. oblong if olium ; leaves 1^-24 in. oblong, tip rounded. Malacca, Maingay (Kew
distrib. 173.)
4. C. Burmannl, WifjM III. i. 129, Ic. t. 107, 188 ; leaves small (1-2 in.)
elliptic-ovate ; tip rounded, racemes small axillary few-fiowered glabrous.
Planch d' 'fi-ian. Mem. Guttif. 233 {not of Seeinaun FL Viti.) ; llcwaites
Emirn. 52 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii
Hotter parts of Ceylon, at no great elevation.
Young shoots 4-gonal, clothed with ferruginous toraentum. Leaves 14-24 by I-I4 in.,
thinly coriaceous, tip scarcely emarginate, finely and equally veined on both surfaces;
petiole ^-4 in. liacemes slender. Flowers scarcely \ in. diam., pedicels long slender.
Sepals 4, orbicular-oval e. Petals 0. Frnit nearly \ in. diam., siib-globose [reddish-
brown, Bedflome]. — Wight's var. /3 parvifolium passes so gradually into the typical
form as hardly to deserve recognition as a distinct form.
5. C. floribundum, Hook. f. ; leaves 1-2 in. elliptic-lanceolate ob-
tusely acuminate margin tliickened, petiole \-\ in., racemes glabrous in
most of the axils, pedicels ^-\ in.
Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Maingay. (Kew distrib. 170, 172, &? 171.)
Much-branched, everywhere glabrous ; branchlets 4-angled, strict. Leaven conaceous,
pale when dry, hardly shining, nerves close-set uniform on both surfaces. Rdcemes
erecto-patent, about half as long as the leaves, 6-8-flowered, pedicels spreading. Flowers
■J- in. diam., opposite. S<pals 4, outer broadly ovate, sulwicute, inner broadly obovate,
tips rounded, membranous, veined. Petals 0. Stamens very numerous and style hardly
exceeding the sepals. Fruit unknown. — J. D. H.
6. C. retusum, Wall. Cat. 4846 ; leaves 1-2 in. ovate or ovate-oblong,
tip rounded, petiole short downy, racemes axillary slender pubescent to-
wards the base. C/iois. Guttif .Ind. 41 {excl. sytwnf/m) ; Planch, d' Triun. Mein.
Guttif. 237. C. amcenum, Wall. Cat. 4849. C. Burmanni var. bracteatum,
Wigfu III. i. 129. C. pisiferum. Planch, d Trian. I.e. 266.
Eastern Peninsula, from Maitaban to Sincapore, Griffith, (Kew distrib. 876, 881.)
An erect much-branched, densely-leafy shrub; shoots clothed with ferruginous down.
Leaves 1-2 by |-1 in., coriaceous; veins most prominent on the upper surface; petiole
^-^ in., downy. Racemes in the axils of the lower and fallen leaves, few-flowered, slender,
erect; peduncle ferruginous towards the base, /'^wt^rs small, ulabrous. >6'e/>aZa 4, ^in.
long, ovate-oblong. Petals 0. Anthers minute, ovoid. Fruit pisiform, ,deep yellow,
pericarp thin.
** Flowers solitary or in pairs.
7. C. microphyllum, T. Anders. ; leaves obovate or cuneate-obovate
obtuse or retuse, tiowers tew glabrous.
Eastern Peninsula, near the top of Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Lohb, Maingay (Kew
di.-itrib. n. 165).
A glabrous shrub; branches many, short, slender, leafy; shoots 4-gonal. Leaves
f-1^ by 4-^ in., tapering to the truncate base; veins prominent on both surfaces;
peiioltf i2~^ i"' Flowers in the upper axils, minute ; pedicels ^-^ in., slender,
Calophyllum.] xxiii. guttifer^. (T. Anderson.) 273
recurved, 2 bracteolate at the base. Sepals 4, suborbicular, all nearly equal. Petals 0.
Fruit (immature) pisiform, tipped by the persistent style.
B. Sepals 4. Petals 4 (rarely 3, or in C. Wightianum, or 8 in C. cordato-
ohlongum, cuneifoliam and Wallceri).
* Racemes shorter than the leaves, eoccept C. polyanthum.
8. C. inophylluxn, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 562 ; quite glabrous, leaves
oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or emarginate shining, inner sepals
petaloid. Chois. Gtittif. Ind. 42 ; Planch. <& Trian. Mem. Guttif. 254 ; Roxh.
Fl. Ind, ii. 606 ; W.(h A. Prod. 103 ; Wight III. i. 128, Ic. t. 77 ; Wall. Cat.
4841 B, C, D, E, F ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. Bintagor, Roxh.
I.e. 607.
Western Peninsula ; from Concan and Orissa southwards ; Ceylon ; Eastern
Peninsula, from Pegu southwards; Andaman Islands. — Distrib. E. African Islands,
Malay Archipelago, Australia, Polynesia. — Cultivated throughout India.
A middling-sized tree ; bark grey, smooth. Leaves 4-8 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, shin-
ing on both surfaces ; veins many, fine ; petiole 4-1 4 iii- Racemes in the upper axils,
loose, 4-6 in. long, shorter than the leaves, lax, few-flowered. Flowers | in. diam.,
pure white, fragrant ; pedicels slender, 1-2 in. Sepals 4. Petals 4, like the inner
sepals. Stamens numerous, filaments in 4 bundles. Ovary gl(jbose, stipitate ; style
m'ich exceeding the stamens, stigma peltate lobed. Fruit 1 in. diam., globose, smooth,
yellow, pulpy. — Rumph and Blurae say that the petals are sometimes 6-8. Wood
coarse-grained but valuable. Seeds afford lamp oil.
9. C. Wallichianum, Planch. c& Trian. Mem. Guttif. 249 ; young parts
tomentose, leaves long-petioled narrow-oblong acute or obtuse, racemes
pubescent on the rachis or throughout, sepals subequal. C. tetrapetalum,
Wall. Cat. 4843, not of Roxburgh.
Eastern Peninsula ; from Penang to Sincapore, Wallich, &c.
Young branches sub-4-gonal, or cjlindric, and buds riisty tomentose. Leaves 6 by
1-1^ in., acute or subacute at the base, margins flat or waved ; midrib puberulous ; veins ,
close-set, somewhat prominent on both surfaces; petiole 1-1^ in. Racemes axillaiy or
terminating short branches, few-flowered, half the length of the leaves, rusty pubescent;
p'duncle and pedicels glabrous. Flower | in. diam. Sepals ovate-oblong, glabrous or
pubescent. Petals 4, oblong. Filaments slender Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Fruit
globose, size of a cherry. — Griffith's Malacca, 880, may be this, but consists of a young
fiowerless branch only, the leaves are rusty-pabescent beneath, as are Maingay's
10. C. G-riffithii, T. Anders. ; quite glabrous, leaves oblong or elliptic-
oblong acute or obtuse, veins stout with a strong intrainarginal one, racemes
glabrous, sepals subequah
Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith.
A glabrous tree ; young shoots 4-gonal, older cylindric. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., tip
often rounded, base acute, coarsely veined on both surfaces ; petiole ^ in. Raremes
axillary, few-flowered, glabrous, much shorter than the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam.,
glabrous. Petals 4.
11. C. macrocarpum, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves linear-oblong
or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate narrowed into a slender petiole,
racemes not half the length of the leaves, pedicels 1-1:1 in., flowers 1 in. diam.,
petals narrow much longer than the sepals.
Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Maingay (C. Griffithii, Kew distrib. 174).
Branches robust ; branchlets sharply 4-angled. Leaves 3-5 by l|-2 in., veiy coria-
ceous, shining above, hardly so beneath ; nerves very strong ; petiole 1-1 j in. Aacemes
axillary, 2-4 in. long, 6-10-flowered ; rather minutely puberulous. Sepals 4, 2 outer
broadly oblong, obtuse, very concave ; 2 inner twice as long, petaloid, oblong, obtuse.
VOL. I. T
274 XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [Calophyllum.
Petals 4, mnch longer than the inner sepals, linear-spathnlate. Stamens very short,
Fruit (according to Maingay's drawing) 5 in. long, ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends,
smooth. — /. D. H.
12. C. polyanthuxn, Wall. Cat. 4844 ; quite glabrous, leaves lanceolate
acuminate, mnrgins waved, racemes terminal glabrous, outer sepals very
small. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 43 ; Planch, (k Trian. Mem. Gattif. 250.
Eastern Bengal; Khasia Mts. ascending to 3000 ft. ; Pegu, Kurz.
A glabrous tree, 60 ft., twigs 4-gonal, compressed. Leaves 4-6 by l\-\\ in., coria-
ceous ; veins equally distinct on both , surfaces ; petiole \-\ in. Racemes many-
flowered, equalling the leaves ; tbe upper together forming a terminal panicle. Flowers
^ in. diHm. Outer sepals suborbicular, inner twice as long, petaloid. Petals rather
longer than the inner sepals, obovate, concave, reflexed. Fruit the size of a small
plnm, subglobose, not pointed.
13. C. tomentosum, Wight III. {. 128, 7c. 1. 110 ; young parts tomentose,
leaves elliptic or linear-lanceolate acuminate, margin waved, racemes
pubescent, outer sepals smaller than the inner. Planch, d' Trian. Mem.
Gidtif. 241 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. elatum, Beddome I.e. xxii.
and tr. 2.
Moist forests in the Western Peninsula from the Concan southwards ; and in
Ceylon, ascending to 5000 ft.
A tall straight tree ; branches 4-angled ; buds, shoots, panicles and outer sepals
clothed with rusty tomentum. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., coriaceons, shining ; veins many,
close-set, slender, equally prominent on both surfaces ; petiole h-% in., often downy.
Jiacemes from the axils of the upper leaves, sometimes collected into a terminal panicle,
lax, many-flowered. T'/otrer.'? upwards of 4 in. diam. ; pedicels long, slender. /Sepals
orb'cular. Petals 4, ovate-oblong, larger than the sepals. Fruit | in. long, obliquely
ovoid, pointed. — Yields the Poon-spars of Western India, and the seeds an abundant oil
in Ceylon.
14. C. bracteatum, Thwaites Enum. 51 ; young parts tomentose, leaves
elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate acuminate, racemes glabrous few-flowered
bracteate, sepals obovate, petals oblong-lanceolate. Planch, d; Trian. Metn.
Guttif. 252 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Gen. xxii.
Near streams in the SaflTragam district of Ceylon, Thwaites,
A large tree, closely resembling C. Tomentosum. Leaves dimorphic, the fully deve-
loped 3-8 in. long, tapering to the obtuse base, highly p. dished, golden brown when
dry; petiole \-^ in.; abnormal or undeveloped leaves 1-2 by ^-J^ in., stibsessile, linear-
lanceolate or linear, pubescent, resembling bracts. Racemes in the axils of and shorter
than the normal leaves, few-flowered. Flowers \ in. diam. ; pedicels with an oblong
bract ^ in. long at the base. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Fruit f in. long, oblong. — Flowers
not in a good state for examination.
15. C. "Wig-litlanum, Wall. Cat. 4847 ; young shoots often pruinose,
leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, racemes axillary glabrous, sepals subequal,
petals usually 0. Planch, db Trian. Mem. Guttif. 228 ; Beddome F'lor. Sylvat.
t. 90. C. spurium, Chois. in DC. Prod. i. 563 ; W. dh A. Prod. i. 103. C. deci-
piens, Wight III. i. 128, Ic. t. 106, 7iot of Thwaites ; Wall. Cat. 4841 A, G.
Mountains of the Western Coast of the Western Peninsula from the Concan to
Travancor.
Young shoots 4-gonal. Leaves 2-4 by lJ-2 in., rigidly coriaceous, rounded and
usually retuse at the tip ; veins most prominent on the under surface ; petiole ^ in.
Racemes from the axils of all the leaves and scars of a few fallen ones, several-flowered,^
shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedicels slender. Flowers J in. diam. Sepals
4, very thin, strongly veined. Petals (or 4 small ones visible in the bud, Wight) .
Calophyllum^ xxiii. GUTTIFER2E. (T. Anderson.) 275
Fruit f in. long, ellipsoid. — I have never found petals in any of the buds 1 have
opened.
** Racemes longer than the leaves, or equalling them. {See also C. poly-
anthum.)
16. C trsLpeTifolivLJXi, Thwaites Enum. bl] glabrous, leaves small ovate
or rhomboid, racemes few-flowered glabrous 2-3 times longer than the
leaves. Planch. (^ Trian. Mem. Guiiif. 254 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii.
Central province of Cevlon, from 4-5000 ft., Thwaites.
A tall tree. Leaves 1^-2 by 1 in., coriaceous, tip rounded retuse or shortly acumi-
nate ; veins fine, equally prominent on both surfaces ; petiole ^ in. Racemes in the
upper axils; pedicels I in. Flowers ^ in. diam. Outer sepals smaller than the inner.
Petals 4, 2 outer larger than the inner. Fruit | in. diam., subspherical.
17. C. Thwaitesii, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 232 ; glabrous, leaves
obovate or orbicular base rounded or cordate, racemes axillary glabrous
several times longer than the leaves. Thwaites Enum. 407 ; Beddome Flor.
Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. decipieiis, Thwaites Enum. 51, not of Wight.
Mountains of Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft., Thwaites.
Twiijs stout, 4-angled. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., very thick and leathery; veins
coarse, very prominent above, less so beneath ; petiole -^ in. Racemes rather
slender, few -flowered. Sepals 4, obovate. Petals 3-4, oblong, longer than the sepals.
Anthers half the size of those of O. Wightianum.. Fruit subspherical.
18. C. cordato-oblong'uin, Thwaites Enum. 407 ; young parts pilose,
leaves oblong-cordate obtuse, panicles terminal as long as the leaves
pubescent, outer sepals twice as long as the inner. Beddome Flor. Sylvai.
Gen. xxii.
At Hinidoon Pattoo in Ceylon, Thwaites.
A lofty tree ; twigs stout, 4-angled ; young shoots petiole and pedicels covered with
deciduous rusty hairs. Jjcaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., very thickly coriaceous, obtuse, equally
veined on both surfaces ; petiole ^-\ in. Peduncles and pedicels pubescent. Fhwtrs
1 in. diam. Sepals rounded, outer \ in. long, inner petaloid, twice as long. Petals 4-8,
^ in., orbicular.
19. C. cuneifolium, Thwaites Enum. 51 ; glabrous except the buds,
leaves small obovate or cuneate-spathulate obtuse or retuse, racemes axillary
equalling or exceeding the leaves glabrous, outer sepals smaller than the
inner. Planch, d; Trian. Mem. Guttif. 261 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii.
At Madamahanewera in Ceylon, alt. 3-4000 ft., Thwaites.
A large tree ; leaf-buds and rachis of racemes covered with short brown down. Leaves
1-1 1 by 4-1 in., thick and leathery; veins stout and prominent on both surfaces;
petiole |-5 in. Racemes 10 or more-flowered. Flowers about \ in. diam. Sepals 4.
Petals 4-8, inner the smallest. Fruit spherical, | in. diam.
20. C. Walkeri, Wight III. i. 128, t. 45 ; quite glabrous, leaves obovate
tip rounded or retuse, racemes in the axils of the upper leaves often
collected into a terminal panicle glabrous, outer sepals shorter than the
inner. Planch, (k Trian. Mem. Guttif. 263; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen.
xxii. C. decipiens, Wight III. i. 128.
A large tree; twigs stout, terete, erect. Leaves I-I4 in long, almost as broad, ri-
gidly coriaceous, crowded, veins strong ; petiole ^ in., very stout. Floicers large, pale
rose-coloured or white; pedicels 1 in., very stout ; buds globose. Outer sepals very
small. Petals usually 8, larger than the sepals; inner smaller. Styh equalling
T2
276 XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [CalophyUum.
the atamens, stigma fleshy peltate. Fruit size of a cherry, globose. — This tree is
said to flower once in 3-4 years ; its seeds yield an oil used for burning.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
C? MARGINATUM, Wall. Cat. 4845. — Does not exist in any herbarium accessible
to me.
C. SuRiGA, Buck. Ham; ex. Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 608. CalophyUum Soulattri, Bunn.
Fi. Ind. 121, with liuear-oblong polished leaves and flowers whorled below them, is
quite unknown to me.
C. ANGUSTiFOLiuM, Boxb. Fl. /tk?. li. 608 ; "twigs cylindric, leaves short -petioled
lanceolate with lengthened subotuse points lucid finely veined, flowers in axilbiry
fascicles, pedicels with a cyathiform tip." — Prince of Wales Island, where called
Peon, and yields spars, Boxh.
4. KAVEA, Wall.
Trees. Leaves opposite; veins rather distant, arched. Flowrs herma-
phrodite, either large and solitary, or small and collected iu terminal
panicles. Sepals and Petals 4 each, imbricate. Staitipjis numerous, filaments
slender, free or connate at the base ; anthers small, subglobose, 2-celled,
dehiscence vertical. Ovary I-celled ; style slender, stigma acutely 4-fid ;
ovules 4, erect Fruit subdrupaceoas, fleshy, indehiscent, 1-4-seeded. Seeds
thick, testa thin and crustaceous. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, 4 species.
1. K.. floHbunda, Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 5, t. 210 ; Cat. 4840 ; leaves
oblong or linear-oblong acuminate cuspidate, panicle lax many-flowered,
pedicels 2-bracteolate.
Dense tropical forests of the Eastern Himalaya, in Sikkim, and the Khasia Mts.,
ascending to 3000 ft. ^ •
A tall straight glabrous tree; branches cylindric. Leaves 5-8 by 1-1^ in., thickly
coriaceous, base acute ; vtins ^-1 in. apart, slender, arclie^l, prominent on the under
surface, faint on the upper; petiole 1 in., slender, cylindric. Panicle 6 in. long, ter-
minal ; branches and pedicels with 2 opposite bracts or bracteoles at their bases.
Flowers 1 in. diam. Outer sepals \ in. long, suborbicular, truncate. Petals a little
longer than the sepals, thin but fleshy, white, edges rosy. Stamens rainy, filaments
capillary, excei'ding the sepals. Fi-u't the size of a chestnut, covered by the thick
accrescent ydlow rugose calyx, tipped by the slender style, 1-seeded.
2. K. racemosa, Planch, dc Trian. Mem. Guttif. 269 ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate acuminate cuspidate, racemes short few-flowered, pedicels ebrac-
teolate. Mesua singaporiana. Wall. Cat. 48:30.
Eastern Peninsul\; at Sinrapore, WaJh'ch; Malacca, Main grry (Kew dhtrih. 177).
A glabrous tree ; branches tylindric ; bark ashy. Leaves 4-5 by 14 in., thin, ritrid ;
petiole 4 if^'j terete. Bacemes short, axillary and terminal; pedicels stout. Outer
sepals thick, rugose. Immature fruit as lar^^e as a filbert, tij)pQd with the short subu-
late style. — Only one specimen seen, in the Linnnean Society's Herbarium, and assumed
to be the plant published by Planchon and Triana from a specimen without habitat in
De Candolle's Herbarium. — [Maingay's specimens have slender whored branchlets, each
with leaves at the end. Leaves 6-9 by 14-2^ in., elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, not polished,
nerves beneath many, strong, arched, about 4 in. apart; petioles 4-| in. Racemes few,
short (1 in.), crowded on the tips of the branehlets between the two leaves ; peduncles
and pedicels very short, bracts small ovate deciduous. Flowers ^ in. diam. Sepals
very thickly coriaceous. Petals about twice as long. Stamens in 1 series, very nume-
rous, monadelphous at the base. — J. D. H.]
3. XL. stylosa, Thwaites Enum. 50 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate
cuspidate, racemes erect few flowered equalling the leaves, pedicels minutely
Kayea^ xxiii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) 277
bracteolate. Beddome Flor. Sytvat. t. 102. K. cuspidata, Planch, dc Trian.
Mem. Guttif. 268.
Southern districts of CEyLON, Thwaites.
A large glabrous tree; bark dark-grey; brancWets terete, reddisli. Leaves 1-^ by
\-\ in., rigid; veins arched, very faint on both surfaces; petiole ^-\ in., slender.
Racemes from the upper axils, bracteoles subulate. Flowers small. Stamens many,
filaments capillary, persistent, exceeding the sepals. Fruit the size of a small chestnut,
covered by the coriaceous accrescent calyx, tipped by the thickened short style.
4. XL. nervosa, T.Anders.; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate
acuminate cuspidate, flowers solitary or 1-3 axillary or terminal. Mesua
nervosa, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 279.
Tenasserim provinces, at Mergui and Martaban, Griffith, Parish. Malacca,
Maivgay.
Young branches minutely tubercled, sub-4-angular ? Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., thin,
membranous, base rounded, shining above, coppery beneath ; veins distinct, ^ in. apart,
arclied, depressed on the* upper surface ; petiole | in. Flowers If in. diam., pedicels
1-24 iri-> tubercled. Outer sepals \ in-., thick and coriaceous, suborbicular, inner nearly
twice as large. Petals cuneate-obovate. Filaments capillary, nearly equalling the
pistil. Style slender, thickened after flowering, stigma deeply 4-cleft.
5. BIBSUA, Linn.
Trees. Leaves opposite, rigidly coriaceous, often pellucid-dotted ; veins
innumerable, very slender, at right angles to the midrib. Flowers polyga-
mous or hermaphrodite, large, axillary, solitary. Sepals and Petals 4 each,
imbricate. Stamens very numerous, filaments filiform free or connate at the
base ; anthers erect, oblong, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 2-celled ;
style long, stigma peltate ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit between fleshy
and woody, 1 -celled by the absorption of the septum, at length 4-valved,
1-4-seeded. Seeds without an aril, testa fragile. — Disthlb. Tropical Asia ;
3 species.
1, BK. ferrea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 562; leaves drooping linear-lanceolate
acute or acuminate, peduncles short stout. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 40 ; Planch, d;
Trian. Mem. Guttif. 271 ; Moxb. Ft. Ind. ii. 605; W.& A. Prodr. 102; Wall.
Cat. 4834; Wight III. 127, Ic. t. 118; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxiii.
M. speciosa, Chois. in DC I.e. ; Guttif Ind. 40 ; Wight Ic. t. 961 ; Wall.
Cat. 4835 : Beddome I.e. xxiii. M. pedunculata Wight III. 127, Ic. t. 119.
M. coromandeliana, Wight III. 129, /c. t. 117; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 64.
M. Roxburghii, Wight III. 127 ; Beddome I.e. xxiii. M. salicina, M. Walkeriana
and M. pulchella. Planch. (^ Trian. I.e. 373, 374, and 379. M. sclerophylla,
Thwaites Enum. 407; Beddmne I.e. xxiii. M. Nagana, Gard. in Gale. Journ.
Nat. Hist. viii. 4.
Mountains of Eastern Bengal, the Eastern Himalaya, and the Eastern and
Western Peninsulas, and Andaman Islani>s ; cultivated elsewhere in India.
A middling-sized glabrous tree ; trunk erect, straight ; twigs slender, sub-4-angled.
Leaves 3-6 by 1^ to 1| in., base acute or rounded, dark-green and shining above, covered
more or less with fine waxy meal beneath; veins very fine, close-set, and equally incon-
spicuous on both surfaces ; petiole \-\ in. Flowers |-3 in. diam., usually terminal
and solitary or in pairs. Sepals orbicular, thick, with membranous margins, inner pair
largest. Petals 4, spreading, cuneate-obovate, pure white. AMthers large, oblong,
golden-yellow. Fruit ovoid, conical-pointed, size variable, often of a large chestnut;
base surrounded by the persistent sepals, 1-4-seeded. Seeds dark-brown, testa smooth.
— A very variable plant, the absence of the pruinose under-surface of the leaves is by
278 xxrii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [^fesua.
no means confined to the small-flowered states from S. India, to which the name of coro-
mandeliana has been applied ; the latter is a small and distinct-looking form.
2. M. Thwaitesii, Planch, dh Trian. Mem. Giittif. 277 ; leaves linear-
oblong acute or acuminate, flowers subsessile. M. speciosa var. a, Tkwaites
Enum. 50, iiot of Clioisy.
Banks of streams in the Ratnapoora district, Ceylon, Tkwaites.
A tree resembling M.ferrea, but distinguished by the form of the leaves and large
sessile or subsessile flowers. Leaves 8-12 by 1 1-2 in., base acute, glaucous and tiiintly
nerved beneath. Flowers nearly 4 in. diam., axillary, solitary or in pairs.
3. M. ? lepidota, T. Anders, ; leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, racemes terminal.
Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith (distrib. Kew, No. 845, named M. speciosa
by error).
Branches short, rather slender, terete. Z^eawe* coriaceous, 2^-34 by |-1^ in., shortly
cuspidate, tapering to the obtuse base ; veins very numerous,^ close sety fine, equally
faint on both surfaces. Flowers unknown. Fruit size of a chestnut, subglobose, pointed,
subtended by the thickened obtuse sepals, valves thick, surface rugulose as if scurfy.
Seed with a brown brittle testa. — Probably a new genus between Kayea and Mesua,
on account of the small woody non-accrescent sepals.
6. PCECZZ.ONX:URON, Beddome.
(W. T. Thiselton Dyer.)
Trees. Leaves opposite, smooth, coriaceous, with close-set spreadin.2 lateral
veins^ minutely reticulated. Flowers yellowish- white, in a terminal panicle,
or solitary at each node. Sepcds 4-5, small, imbricate. Petals 5-6, contorted.
Staimiis numerous, free or slightly connate at the base, filaments short or 0;
anthers basifixed, narrow-linear, erect. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, subulate,
stigmas punctiform ; ovules 2 in each cell, ascending from the base. Capmle
ovoid, 1-celled, septicidaU, with a single erect seed, albumen ; cotyledons
fleshy ; radicle minute, inferior. — Distrib. S. India ; species 2.
1. P. indicum, Bedd. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. viii. 267, t. 17 ; FIoi\
Syhat. t. 3 ; flowers in a pyramidally spreading terminal panicle 4 in. long,
sepals and petals each 6, anthers lobulated.
Western Peninsula ; on the west slopes of the Ghats, from South Canara to Mala-
bar, alt. 3-4000 feet., Beddome.
A large tree. Leaxies 4-10 by 14-24 in., elliptic, with a long acumination, petioled.
Peduncles, pediceh, and sepals slightly puberulous. Flowers | in. diam., yellowish
white. Fruit ellipsoid.
2. P. pauciflorum, Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 93 ; flowers about 4 together
and terminal or solitary at each node, sepals 4 the 2 innermost larger,
petals 6, anthers simple.
Western Peninsula ; Travancor, alt. 4-5000 ft., Beddome.
A tree with red wood. Leaves about 5 by I4 in., narrowly elliptic. Petals oblong,
obtuse. Fruit 1 in. long, 4 i°- diam., at first obpyriform, finally ovoid and rather
smaller than in P. indicum.
XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 279
Order XXIV. TERNSTRCEMIACE^.
(By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.)
Shrubs rarely climbing, or trees. Leaves alternate, simple (in Indian
species) entire or often serrate, usually coriaceous, exstipulate. Flowers
handsome, seldom small, usually subtended by 2 sepal-like bracts, rarely
diclinous, axillary, 1 or more together, rarely in lateral or terminal racemes
or panicles. /Sepals 5, rarely 4-7, free or slightly connate, the innermost
often larger. Fetals 5, rarely 4-9, free or connate below, imbricate or con-
torted. Stamens numerous (definite in Sladenia and Stachyurus) free or
connate, usually adnate to the base of the deciduous corolla ; anthers basi-
fixed or versatile, dehiscing by slits or rarely by terminal pores. Ovary free
(^-inferior in An7ieslea), sessile, 3-5-celled, (many-celled in Actinidia) ; styles
as many, free or connate, stigmas usually small; ovules 2-co in each cell,
rarely solitary, never orthotropous. Fruit baccate or capsular. Seeds few
or numerous, placentas axile, albumen scanty or 0, rarely copious ; embryo
straight or hippocrepiform, cotyledons various. — Distrib. Rare in tempe-
rate, abundant in tropical Asia and America, almost wanting in Africa and
entirely in Australasia ; species about 260.
Tribe I. Ternstroexuieae. Peduncles 1 -flowered (many-flowered in
Sladenia). Petals imbricate. Stamens adherent to the base of the corolla ;
anthers basifixed. Fruit (in Indian Genera) indehiscent. fSeeds usually
few, albumen fleshy usually scanty. Embryo curved; cotyledons shorter
than the radicle and about as broad.
* Fruit inferior.
1. Anneslea.
** Fruit superior.
Flowers hermaphrodite (except Temstrcemia penangiana).
Anthers glabrous 2. Teenst^(emia.
Anthers usually pilose.
Stamens about 12, ovary 3-celled 3. Sladenia.
Stamens many, seeds numerous, ovary 3-5-celled 4. Adinandra.
Stamens many, seeds moderate, ovary 2-3 celled 5. Cvkyera.
Flowers dioecious 6. Eukya.
Tribe II. Sauraujeae. Peduncles many-flowered. Petals imbricate.
Anthers versatile. Fruit usually pulpy, rarely sub-dehiscent. Seeds nu-
merous minute, albumen abundant. Radicle straight or slightly curved
and longer than the cotyledons.
* Flowers 6-merous^ stamens many.
Styles many 7. Actinidia.
Styles 3-5 8. Saurauja.
** Flowers ^-m^rous^ stamens few.
9. Stachyurus.
Tribe III. GordonleaB. Peduncles 1-flowered, often very short. Petah
imbricate. Anthers versatile. Fruit indehiscent or loculicidal. Albumen
scanty or 0. Cotyledons various ; radicle short, straight or curved.
* Fruit indehiscent.
11. Pyrenaria.
** Fruit dehiscent.
Seeds winged, radicle inferior 10. Schima.
Seeds winged, radicle superior , . 12. Gordonia.
Seeds wingless 13. Camellia.
280 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACEJE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.)
Tribe IV. Bonnetieae. Flowers in terminal panicles, rarely lateral and
solitary or racemose. Feials contorted. Anthers versatile or basitixed.
FriiU indehiscent or septicidal; albumeii scanty or 0. Embryo straight,
cotyledons flat ; radicle short.
Ovary 5-celled 14. Archyt^a.
Poeciloneuron is referred to Guttiferce. (p. 278.)
1. annesz.z:a, Wall.
Evergreen trees with the habit of Ternstroemia. Flowers axillary and
forming sub-terminal umbellate corymbs, rather large, white. Sejjals 5,
connate into a tube which is finally fleshy and adherent to the ovary. Petctls
5, connate. Stamens many, scarcely adherent to the corolla ; anthers with
a long apiculus. Ovary ^-immersed in the torus, 3-celled ; style 3-fid ;
ovules many, pendulous from the top of the cells. Fruit baccate, leathery,
inferior, crowned by the sepals. Seeds oblong with a horse-shoe-shaped
cavity, testa osseous, albumen fleshy. — Distrlb. Malay Peninsula ; species 2.
1. A. frag-rans, Wall. Cat 598 ; Plant. As. Ear. i. 5, t. 6 ; peduncles
about twelve in each corymb 2^3 in. slender with 2 ovate obtuse bracts.
Griff. Notul. iv. 567, t. 585 A, f. 17.
Eastern Pe.mnsula ; Moulmein and Martaban, Wallich, &c.
A tree 30 ft. Leaves 3J-5 by li-24 in., elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse; petiolas
2-1 in. Sepals ^ in , cordiform, acute. Fruit 1 in. diam. Seeds witli a thin scarlet
fleshy envelope.
2. A. crassipes, Hook. ex. Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 41 ; peduncles 3-6 in
each corymb about 1 in. rather thick with 2 small ovate acute fleshy
bracts.
Eastern Peninsula ; Mt, Ophir, Malacca, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Philippine Islds.
A tree. Leaves 2-4^ by l|-2 in., lanceolate elliptic or oblanceolate, crenulate, acute
or obtuse; petioles ^-1 in. Flowers as in -4. /ra^ra«« but drooping. iSepals ^ in.,
orlitular, acute. Fruit \ in. diam.
2. TSXtNSTRCEMZA, Linn.
Glabrous evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves leathery, entire or crenate-
serrate. Pedxmcles lateral, recurved, 2-bracteate below the flower. Sepals 5.
Petals 5, connate at the base. Stamens many : anthers glabrous. Ovary
2-3-celled ; style simple, often 0, stigma broadly 2-3-k)bed or subentire ;
ovules 2 in each cell, rarely 1 or 3-6, pendulous from the apex. Seeds as in
Amieslea but the albumen sometimes evanescent. — Distrib. Trop. Asia and
America ; species 25.
* Anthers apiculate.
1. T. japonica, Thunh. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 335 ; a tree about 20 ft.,
leaves oblong-obovate petioled, style subentire, stigma 2-l(»bed, fruit glo-
bose. Cley era japonica, Thimb. FL Jaj). 224 {not of Sieb. <Sc Zucc.).
Eastern Bengal and Peninsula, from the Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. to Moul-
mein. Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri Mts. ; Ceylon.— Distrib. Sumatra, China,
Japan, Loochoo Islds.
Branclilets with rather soft bark, whorled or repeatedly forked. Leaves 2-3 by
1-1 1 in., rather crowded at the ends of the branches; petioles ^i in. Peduncles
h~i in., 2-edged. Flowers f in. diam., in the axils of the fallen leaves; corolla
epreadiug, pale yellow. Ovary cells 2-ovuled. Fruit i-f in. diam., baccate, almost
Temstroemia.] xxiv. ternstroemiace^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 281
julceless, usually more than 2-seeded. — Griffith's jTerws^rcewiacea from Khasia [Itin. 42,
Notul. iv. 568 \ Ic. t. 604, f. 1), probably belongs to this, although described with uni-
sexual flowers.
Var. 1. Wightii, Choisy Mem. Ternst. 19 (sp.), leaves acute. — T. aneura, Miq. Fl.
Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 477. Cleyera gymnanthera, W. & A. Prodr. 87 ; Wight. Ic. t. 47 ;
Tkw. Enum. 41 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 91. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat, 1461 {in Herb.
Linn. Soc. only).
Var. 2.parvifolia, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 14; leaves 1^-2 in.
2. T. emarg-inata, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 14 ; a shrub 10-16 ft., leaves
sessile spathulate crenulate-serrate emarginate, style deeply 2-fid, stigmas
flatly capitate, fruit conical. Cleyera emarginata, Gardn. in Gale. Jourti.
JVat. Hist. vii. 447 ; Thw. Enum. 40.
Ceylon ; higher parts of the Island, Gardner.
Leaves 1-2 in. Peduncles | in., 2-edged, minutely hracteate. Floicers \ in. diam.,
white, then yellowish-purple. Petals twice the length of the sepals. {Ovary-cells 1-
ovuled, Thw.) P'ruit oblong-ovoid, baccate, 2-seeded. — As Choisy points out, this so
closely resembles the Brazilian T. cuneifolia as to be barely distinguishable.
* Dioecious, anthers not apiculate. Erythrocliiton, GriJ".
3. T. penang-iana, Ghoisy Mem. Ternstr. 20 ; stigmas 2 reniform
foliaceous, fruit ovoid baccate with, a coriaceous epicarp. T. macrocarpa,
Scheff. obs. phyt. 15, Jide Kurz, in As. Soc. Journ. Beng. 1870, ii. 64. Ery-
throchiton Wallichianura, Griff. Notul. iv. 565, t. 585 A, f. 7. Fagraea?
dubia, Wall. Gat. 4456.
Eastern Peninsula; from Moulmein and the Andaman Islands to Penang and
Malacca. — Distkib. Java.
A small tree with a thick trunk. Leaves 4-8 by 1^-34 in., oblanceolate to obovate,
acute, coriaceous; petioles about 1 in. Flowers nearly 1 in. diam., solitary axillary or
subfa.sciculate. Petals fleshy, twice the length of the sepals. Stamens m&ny in the male
floweis, crowded in many rows, reduced to filaments in the female flowers. Ovary-
cells 2-ovn\ed; style very short. Berry I4 in. diam. /Seeds 4, bony, imbedded in a
reddish or pinkish pulp.
Var. monosjperma ; berry 1 in. diam., 1-seeded.
T.? Khasfana, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 20, Griff, n. 422 in Herb. Boissier from the
Khasia Mts., proves from the examination of the type specimen to be identical with
Illicium Griffithii, H. f. & T., p. 40. (See Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 331.)
3. SZiADENZA, Kurz. MS.
A strub 1 Leaves crenately serrate, glabrous, feather-veined. Flowers
in dichutomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Sepals 5. Petals 5, free.
Stamens about 12, slightly adnate to the base of the petals, filaments dilated
at the base ; anthers basifixed, the lobes slightly divergent below, hispid.
Ovary 3-celled, tapering into the very short 3-denticulate style; ovules 2
in each cell, pendulous. Fruit unknown.
1. S. celastrifolia, Kurz, ms.
Ydnan, Mynesa, /. Anderson.
Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., oblong-obovate, acuminate, acute at the base; petioles \ in.
Pedicels \ in. Sepals ^ in., lanceolate, obtuse or hooded at the apex, papery. Petals
oblanceolate, obtuse, rather longer than the sepals. Anthers lanceolate with a
minutely bifid connective.
4. ADZNANDRA, Jack.
Small evergreen trees with the habit of Ternstromiia or Gordonia.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, recurved, 2-bracteate at the apex. Flowers often
282 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACE^. (W. T. Thiselton Djer.) [Adinandra.
silky outside. Sepals 5. Petals 5, connate at the base. Stamtiis many,
often 1-4-adelphous, usually hairy. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style ultimately
elongate, entire or shortly 3-5-fid ; ovules many in each cell. Fruit globose.
Seedsm?iX\Y, small,albumen fleshy.— Distrib. Confined (except the W. African
A. Mannii) to the Malay Peninsula and Indian Archipelago ; species 10. '
1. A. dumosa, Jack in Malay Misc. ii. no. 7, 50 ; leaves elliptic-oblong
serrulate above the middle glabrous ferruginous beneath, petioles \ in.,
peduncles about 1 in., sepals orbicular-ovate glabrous ; Wall. Cat. 3664 bis
{ex Cliois. Mem. Ternstr. 90) & 7071 {in Herb. Kew.). A. Jackiana and trichoco-
ryna, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 106, 107. A. cyrtopoda, stylosa, and
glabra, Miq. Flor. Ned. Ind. Smypl. i. 478, 479. Ternstroeuiia? duuKjsa, Wall.
Cat. 2245 {ex Chois. I.e.). Camellia? Scottiana, Chois. I.e. {not of Wall. Herb.)
Eastern Peninsula; Siucapore and Malacca, /acfc. &c. — Distrib, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, China.
A small tree. Leaves 2^-4^ by 1^-24 in., acute at both ends, coriaceous; petioles
4 in. Peduncles solitary or in pairs, extra-axillary. Bracts ^ the length ot the sepals.
JPetals twice the length of the sepals, ovate-oblong, acute, white. Stametis silkily-hairy.
Ovary glabrous; style subulate, persistent, 4 in. in fruit. Berry 4 i", diam., glabrous.
2. A. acuminata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 109 ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate more or less acuminate glabrous, petioles } in., peduncles | in.,
sepals oblong-ovate glabrous. Gordonia acuminata, Wall. Cat. 3664 in Herb.
Linn.Soc. Ternstroemia ? coriacea, Wall. Cat. I'^b'i. CamelUa axillaris. Wall.
Cat. p. 158 {not o/* Moxb. ex Bot. Peg. 349, see Joum. Linn. ISoc. xiii. 330).
Polyspora axillaris, Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 91 {not of Don).
Eastern Peninsula ; Penang and Sincapore, Wallich, &c. — Distrib. Sumatra.
A small tree. Buds bilky. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in. Peduncles thickened and
warted after flowering. Bracts minute, deltoid, acute. JSepals 4-^ in. Stamens hairy.
Style pilose, filiform, thickened below; stigma very minutely 2lobed, subcapitate.
Berry | in. diam., glabrous. Seeds about 6 in each cell, discoid, rather large.
3. A. Grlffithii, Dyer; leaves oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate
acuminate glabrous, petioles \ in., peduncles 1 in., sepals rotund-elliptical
glabrous, styles deeply 5-fid. Kew Distrib. 755, Cleyera granditiora.
Eastern Bkngal ; Khusia Mts., Griffith.
A tree? Buds glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., paler beneath. Bracts almost
obsolete. Sepals ^ in. Petals about equalling the sepals. Stamens sparingly setose,
1-seriate, adnate to the petals. Ovary glabrous; divisions of the style cylindric, hardly
exceeding the sepals.
4. A. Integrerrlma^ T. Anders, ms. ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate glan-
dular-serrulate paler beneath with black glands and a few hairs, petiole
i-| in. pubescent, peduncles | in. strigose, sepals ovate silky outside. A
dasyantha, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 90 {not of KoHh.). Ternstrcemia 1 in-
tegerrima, Wall. Cat. 1^52 in Herb. Linn. Soc. T. ? reticulata, Wall. Cat. 2246
{ex Choisy I.e. 90). Gordonia reticulata Wall. Cat. 3663 his in Herb. Kew <k
7070 {ex Chouy I.e.). Camellia japonica. Wall. Cat. 3667 in Herb. Kew.
Eastern Peninsula; Penang, Wallich.
Branches with pubescent extremities and silky buds. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., acute
at both ends or obtusely acuminate. Bracts small, ovate, acute. Sepdts ^ in., exceed-
ing the silky petals. Stamens adnate to the base of the petals; anthers silky. Ovary
densely silky. Berry | in. diam., with appressed pubescence. Seeds small, shining.
5. A. maculosa, T. Anders, ms.; leaves finely mottled beneath with
reddish-brown remotely deaticulate glabrous, petioles ^ in., peduncles ^ in.
Adinandra.\ xxiv. ternstr(emiace^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 283
puberulous, sepals strigosely pubescent outside. Ternstroemial integerrima,
fVall. Cat. 1452 in Herb. Kew., not in Herb. Linn. Soc.
Eastern Peninsula ; Penang, Wallich.
Branches glabrous ; buds yellow, silky. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2| in., elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, shortly acuminate, acute at the base. Bracts ^ the length of the sepals, orbi-
cular. Berry 4 in. diam., hoary with thin appressed pubescence. /Seeds minute.
6. A. villosa, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 24; leaves pubescent beneath,
petioles \ in., peduncles 1 in. pilose, sepals silky near the middle externally.
Ternstroemia ? sericea, Wall. Cat. 1454. Schima Wallichii, Ckoisy Mem.
Ternstr. 91 {not of Choisy in Zoll. Gat.).
Eastern Peninsula ; Tavoy, Wallich.
A small pubescent tree ; young shoots silky. Leaves 34-5 by l|-2 in., oblong ovate-
oblong or elliptic, acute or acuminate, base obtuse, glabrous above, yellowish below, sub-
coriaceous. Peduncles nodding. Bracts obsolete. Floioers f in. diam. Sepals ovate.
Petals densely siiky at the apex. Style elongate, subulate, strigose but glabrous at the
apex. Berry 4 in. diam., covered with white appressed silky hairs. — Habit of A.
integerrima.
7. A. crenulata, T. Anders, ms.; leaves narrow elliptic-oblong crenu-
late-serrate glabrous, petioles ^ in., peduncles l-l^ in. thinly strigose. Tern-
strcemia crenulata. Wall. Cat. 3723.
Eastern Peninsula ? Herb. Madr. ( Wallich.)
Glabrous except the flowers and buds. Leaves 3-5 by 1|-14 in., acute at both ends,
prominently reticulated above. Peduncles thickened at the apex, slightly recurved.
Bracts nearly obsolete. Sepals and petals as in A. villoso, but less siiky. Stamens
adnate to the petals, filaments short, glabrous ; anthers silky, with an acuminate con-
nective. — The plant described under the name of Ternstrcemia crenulata by Wight,
(III. i. 99) is a species of A.porosa.
8. A. lasiopetala, Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 24 ; leaves narrow oblanceolate
glabrous above minutely strigillose beneath, margins revolute denticulate,
flowers silky-strigose externally. Sarosanthera lasiopetala, Thw. Hnum. 41.
Cleyera lasiopetala, Wight III. i. 99. Eurya lasiopetala, Gardn. in Gale.
Journ. Nat. Hid. vii. 466.
Ceylon ; at 6000 ft. and upwards.
A small tree ; branches terete, minutely strigose. Ijeaves 2^-4 by |-1 in., obtuse or
subacuminate, retuse. Peduncles | in., nodding, thickened towards the apex. Bracts
^ the length of the sepals, deltoid. Flowers \-% in. diam. Petals 3 times the length
of the sepals, white. Stamens thinly hairy, unequal, filaments slender. Ovary 3-celled ;
style filiform, stigmas 3 cylindric obtuse. Berry 4 in. diam.
5. CX.SVERA, DC.
Trees or shrubs with the habit of Ternstrcemia. Peduncles shorter, often
fascicled, flowers smaller ; bracts minute or 0. Sepals 5. Petals 5, more or
less connate at the base. Stamens many ; anthers pilose. Ovary 2-3-celled ;
style often elongate with a shortly 2-3-fid apex, or shorter and more deeply
divided, stigmas slender ; ovules many. Seeds usually few, albumen fleshy.-—
DisTRiB. Tropical Asia ; Japan, Mexico and the Antilles. Species about 6.
1. C. ochnacea, DC. Mem. Ternstr. 21 ; leaves oblong-obovate or
oblong-oblanceolate acuminate, base acute, flowers usually in small fascicles
rarely solitary, apex of peduncles with 2 almost obsolete bracts. C.
284 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Cleyera,
Wallichiana, Sieb, <fc Zucc. Fl. Jap. i. 154. C. ochnoides, G, Don Gen,
tSysL i. 566.
Central Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich. Khasia Mts., alt. 2000 ft.
Leaves 3-44 in. by J ^-2 in. ; petioles 4 in. Peduncles | in., usually nodding, thick-
ened towards the apex. Petals ^-^ in., 3 times the length of the sepals, yellow. Style
subulate, persistent. Fruit baccate. — Probably C.japonica, Sieb. and Zucc, which has
the pedicels and flowers only 4 as large is not distinct.
Var. 1. Lvshia, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 566 (sp.) ; fascicles about 5-flowered, peduncles
erect. Tenistrcemia Lushia, Ham. in Don Prodr. 225.
Var. 2. grandiflora, Chois. Mem. Terustr. 21 (sp.); fascicles 2-4-flowered, flowers
larger, leaves narrower more acuminate. C. grandiflora, Wall. Gat. 1461 in Herb.
Kew.f not in Herb. Linn. Soc.
2. C. g-randlflora, H.f. dc T. 7m. {not of Wall or CJiolsy) ; leaves oblong
obtusely acuminate base obtuse, flowers usually solitary, peduncles with 2
minute alternating bracts.
EASTEhN Bengal ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., /. D. H. & T. T.
I^eaves 4-54 V 14~2 in. : petioles f in. Peduncles about f in., usually erect. Flowers
I in. diara. Petals I in., about four times the length of the sepals. — Closely allied to C.
ochnacea, but larger in all its parts.
6. EVRTA, Thunb.
Shrubs. Leaves glabrous, tisually crenate-serrate. Flowers small, dioecious,
sessile or shortly pedicelled in axillary fascicles, or rarely solitary, with per-
sistent bracteoles. SejxiU 5. Petals 5, united at the base. /Stanieits 15 or
less, rarely 6 ; anthers glabrous. Ovary 3 (rarely 2-5-)-celled ; styles 3
(rarely 2-5) free or united : oviUes many in the inner angle of each cell.
Fruit baccate. Albumen fleshy. —Distrib. S. E. Asia, Indian Arch, and
Pacific Is. ; reputed species more than 30, reducible at most to 10. Thwaites
indeed, after careful study, unites 1, 3, 4, 6 into one variable species.
1. B. japonlca, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 191, t. 25 ; glabrous, branches striate,
flowers about 2 together 2-bracteolate, sepals glabrous.
Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 5-10,000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-6000 ft. ; Moun-
tains of the Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Cevlon ascending to 7000 ft. —
Djstrib. Eastwards to Japan and the Fiji Islands.
Var. 1. Thunberffii, Thw. Enum. 41 ; leaves 3-5 by 1-1 4 in. elliptic or oblan-
ceolate more ,or less serrate acuminate, petioles J in., styles free. E. tristyla, W.
t& A. Prodr. 86. E. VVightiana, Wight lU. i. t. 38 {not Wall). E. coneocarpa.
Forth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Pot. 114. E. elliptica, Gard. in Calc. Joum. Nat. Hist.
vii. 443. E. japonica, Beddome Flor. JS'yhat. t. 92.— JSikkira, 5-10,000 ft. J. D. U. ;
Concan, Stocks; Ceylon, Gardn., Nilghiris, Gardn. — Djstrib. S. China, Loochuol.,
Japan, Fiji I. — E. vitiensis, A. Gray.
Var. 2. nitida, Korths. I.e. 115, t. 7 (sp.) ; stems 8 ft., leaves 14-24 by 4-1 in- nar-
row elliptic or oblanceolate serrate above acute or shortly acuminate, petioles ^ in.,
styles united beyond the middle. E. Roxburuhii, WaU. Cat. 1465, in part. E. sys-
tyla, Miq. in Herb. Hovenacker. E. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3662. E. fasciculata,
Wall Cat. 4399.— Habit resembling that of the Tea shrub.— Khasia, 3-6000 ft.
Griffith; Moulmein, 5000 ft.; Penang, Lobb. — Nilghiris, Gardn. Djstrib. Borneo,
Sumatra, Java.
Var. 3. phyllanthoides ; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 110 (sp.); tips of branches silky-
pubescent, leaves 4-5 by 1 in. usually narrow elHptic serrulate with a long acuminate
apex, petioles J in., styles united. — Khasia Mts., Moulmein. — Disteib. Java.
2. E. syxnplodna, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 114; branches striate silky at
the apeXj flowers in rather crowded fascicles, peduncles 3-bracteolate silky
Efirya.\ xxiv. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Tliiselton Dyer.) 285
sepals silky outside, styles united. E, acuminata, Wall. Cat. 1464 in part,
not of DC. E. Wallichiana, Planch, ms., not of iSteud. Diospyros cerasifoiia,
Don Prodr. 144.
Central and Eastern Himalaya, alt. 5-7000 ft. ; from Nipal, Wallich, to Misbmi,
Griffith. — DiSTRiB. Java.
A slender shrub. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1^ in., oblong-elliptic, entire or serrulate above,
obtusely acuminate, papery, midrib with appressed pubescence ; petioles 4 in.
3. IS. chinensis, R. Br. in AheVs Voy. 379, cum ic. ; branches snb-
flexuose 2-edged pilose, leaves small, flowers 2-3 together subsessile 2-brac-
teolate, sepals glabrous, styles united. E. parvifolia, Gardn. in Gale. Journ.
Nat. Hid. vii. 445. E. japonica 8 parvifolia, Thw. Enum. 41.
Ceylon ; ascending to 8000 ft. — Distrib. China, Japan.
A shrub 3-12 ft. Leaves f-l^ by |-| in., obovate, marjjins re volute, mucronate ser-
rate, obtusely acuminate, midrib hairy, petioles ^ in. Pedicels and bracteoles glabrous.
4. E. ceylanica, Wight III. i. 98 ; branches cylindric pilose, leaves with
depressed veins, flowers 2-4 together 2-bracteolate shortly peduncled, sepals
glabrous, stigmas 3 subsessile reflexed. E. japonica y chinensis, Thw.
Enum. 41.
Ceylon, alt. 3-7000 ft.
A shrui), 12-16 ft. Leaves l|-4 by f-H in., broadly, elliptic, shortly acuminate,
margins recurved, mucronate-serrate, tip retuse, midrib hairy ; petioles yV in. Pedicels
and bracteoles hairy. Emits with a few scattered hairs.
5. 33. acuminata, DC. Mem. Ternstr. 29; branches cylindric pu-
bescent-hairy, flowers about 5 together shortly peduncled 2-bracteolate,
styles 3-5 distinct or united below. Diospyros serrata, Ham. in Don
Prodr. Nep. 143.
Temperate and Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 3-7000 ft., from Kumaon to Bhotan;
Mountains of Easterx Bengal, Assam, and the Eastern Peninsula to Penaug;
Ceylon. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Fiji Islands.
A shrub 8-10 ft. Leaves 2-5 by ^-1 in., narrow oblong-elliptic, serrulate, attenuate-
acuminate, midrib softly hairy
Var. 1. euprista, Korths. Verb. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 113 (sp.) ; styles distinct. Griff.
Jc. 604,/. 3. E. multiflora, DO. I.e. 25. E. serrata, Blume El. Jav. prcsf. vii E.
angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 1465 in Herb. Linn. Sac. E. acuminata, Boyle III. 127, t. 25.
E, salicifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 118. ? E. chinensis, Hook.f. <& Thorns. Herb. Ind.
Or. {not of Brown).
Var. 2. Wallichiana, Steud. in Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 118 (sp.) ; styles united. E.
lucida. Wall. Cat. 1462. E. fascicnlata. Bam. in Wall. Herb. 1463. E. acumi-
nata. Wall Cot. 1464. E. bifaria. Wall. Cat. 3721 ? E. membranacea, Gardn. in Calc.
Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 444. E. japonica j3 acuminata, Thw. Enum. 41.
6. E. trichocarpa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 114; branches
cylindric pubescent at the apex, flowers few together, peduncles 2-bracteo-
late, ovary densely silky, styles 3-5 united | of their length. E. trichogyna,
Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 114.
Eastern Himalaya, Bhotan, Griffith; Khasia Mts., (rri/^^A.— Distrib. Amboyna.
Buds silky. Leaves 3-4| by f-"l in. narrowly elliptic, acuminate, serrulate, pubes-
cent especially on the midrib below ; petioles \ in. Sepals pubescent externally.
7. ACTZNIDXA, Lindl.
Glabrous, strigose or tomentose shrubs, usually climbers. Leaves entire or
serrate, usually membranous, feather-veined. Flowers polygamous or
286 XXIV. TERNSTR(EMiACE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Aetinidia.
dioecious, in axillary cymes, rarely solitary. Sepals 5, slightly imbricate,
subconnate at the base. Petals 5, somewhat contorted-imbricate. Stamens
many ; anthers dehiscing by slits. Ovary many-celled ; styles as nu-
merous, divergent and elongated after flowering. Fruit baccate, containing
raphides. — Disteib. Himalaya, China and Japan ; species about 8.
1. A. callosa, Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 439; glabrous, leaves broadly
elliptic setosely serrulate, sepals tomentose, fruit sparsely warted. A. Kolo-
mitka, Rupr. in Maxim. Amur. 63. Dillen. ord. callosa, Wall. Cat. 6634.
Temperate Himalaya, from GarwhaVto Bhotan, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt.
4-5000 ft. — DisTRiB. Mancliuria, Japan, Loochoo Islands.
A shrubby climber ; stems brown with while verruculse. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 i in.,
membranous, acuminate ; petioles 1-1 i in. Flowers \ in. diam. in small lax umbellate
cymes, wliite. Pedicels with an obsolete bract below the calyx. Sepals oblong, obtuse.
Styles clavcite. Fruit % in., ovoid.
2, A. strlgrosa, Hook. /. d& Thorns, in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 55 ; strigose-
his[»id, leaves ovate or oblong callously ciliate or denticulate, sepals nearly
smooth.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft., /. D. H.
A shrubby climber with the habit of .1. callosa. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., acuminate ;
petioles about 1 in. Pcdimcles short, 2-4-flowered. Flowers | in. diam., shortly pedi-
celled, white. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Styles scarcely dilated at the apex. Pruit
1^ in., ovoid, mucilaginous, edible.
8. SAURAUJA, Willd.
Trees or shrubs. Branches usually brown with whitish tubercular dots,
at first as well as the leaves more or less strigose-pilose or scaly. Leaves
approximate at the ends of the branches, usually serrate, with j>arallel veins
diverging from the midrib. Inflorescence lateral, often from the axils of
fallen leaves, cymose, subjJaniculate, rarely few-flowered. Bracts usually
small, remote from the calyx. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5,
strongly imbricate. Petals 5, usually connate at the base. Stamens many ;
anthers dehiscing by pores. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles as many, distinct or
connate ; ovules many. Frxiit baccate, rarely dry and subdehiscent. —
DiSTRiB. Tropical and subtropical Asia and America. Species about 60.
* Flowers in axillary peduncled panicles. Styles 5.
1. S. napaulensis, DC. Mem. Ternslr. 29 ; panicles 2-4 in. alternately
branched with a peduncle about 5 in., bracteoles deciduous elliptic acute,
sepals orbicular glabrous. Wall. PI. Asiai. Par. ii. 40, 77, t. 178 ; Cat. 1469.
S. paniculata, Wall, in G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 567. Ternstroemia racemosa,
Don Prodr.^-2b. Zanthoxylum Serra, Tiircz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, 440.
Temperate Himalaya, from Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., to Garwhal, alt.
2400-5000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft.; Mishmi hills; Griffith.
A moderate siz6d tree ; youngest branches, petioles, midribs and peduncles covered
•with scurfy tomcntum, mixed with brown, deciduous, acuminate scales. Leaves 10-15
by 3-4 in., narrow oblong- elHptic, rounded at the base, shortly acuminate, strongly ser-
rate, nearly glabrous above, thinly ferruginous-tomentose beneath; petioles 1-1^ in.
Flowers ^ in. diam., pink. Sepals ^ in. Petals at length recurved at the apex. Fruit
green, mealy inside, edible, sweet. Seeds red-brown. — Varies with elliptic obtuse leaves.
2. S. GriflSthii, Dyer ; panicle 4-6 in. alternately branched with a
peduncle 6-8 iti , bracteoles small oblong, sepals elliptic obtuse densely
tomentose externally.
Saurauja.] xxiv. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 287
Assam, Qrifith.
Covered except on the smooth upper surface of the leaves and old wood with dense
brown flocculent tomentum without scales. LeMves 8-10 by 4-5 in., broadly elliptic,
oblong, rounded at both ends, abruptly and very shortly acuminate, margin with remote
spinulose serratures ; petioles about 2 in. Sepals ^ in.
** Fl(mers in fascicles (the peduncle evanescent) of about 4 trichotomous
cymes from the axils of fallen leaves. Styles 5.
3. S. fasciculata, Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 40, t. 148, Cat. 1468 ; cymes
1-3-fiovvered glabrous, bracteoles minute linear-deltoid.
Eastern subtropical Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. ^2-4000 ft.,
Griffith, &c.
A bush or small tree 20 ft. high, tomentose as in S. napaulensis. but the scales trun-
cate and torn. Leaves 7-10 by 2-3 in., narrow eliiptic-olong, acute or rounded at the
base, attenuate-acuminate, obtusely serrate, glabrous above, ferruginous-toraentose
beneath ; petioles 1-2 in. Cymes 2-3 in., branches red; bracteoles x^-in. Flowers Jin.
diam., pedicelled, subcampanulate, white then pink. Sepals ^ in., ovate, obtuse.
4. S. punduana, Wall. PI. As. Par. ii. 40, Cat. 1470; cymes many-
flowered scaly, bracteoles broadly ovate, flowers | in. diam. S. fasciculata
var. abbreviata, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 27.
SiKKiM Himayala; alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft. ; Mishmi hills
and BiRMA, Gi'iffith.
Habit of S. fasciculata, but the scales mostly acute. Leaves 8-11 by 3-4 in., acu-
minate; petioles 1-2 in. Cymes 3 in., rarely solitary; bracteoles y^j-j in. Flowers
I in. diam., pink. Sepals \-^ in., broadly ovate, rounded. — ^Varies with elliptic obtuse
leaves.
5. S. Xtoxburgrhii, Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii 40, Cat. 1467 ; cymes many-
flowered thinly tomentose, bracteoles -deltoid acute, flowers ^ in. diam.
Ternstroemia serrata, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 40, not of Jack.
SiLHET and Khasia Mts., ascending to 4000 ft. ; Chittagong, /. D. H. & T. T. ;
Pegu, Kurz.
A shrub or small tree, tomentose as in S. napaulensis, the scales minute acute.
Leaves 6-14 by 2-5 in., elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends or shortly acumi-
nate, obtusely serrate, smooth above, ferruginous-tomentose below ; petioles 1-2 in.
Cymes 1-3 in. ; bracteoles -^^ in. Flowers subcampauulate. Petals white, then pink.
Stamens about 50. Styles 5. Perries the size of a small pea.
*** Flowers (except on the old wood) in fascicles of many simple or very
shortly peduncled pedicels. Styles 3 or 5.
6. S. tristyla, DC- Mem. Ternstr. 31, t. 7 ; leaves obovate or broadly
oblong. Wall. Cat. 1466. S. leucophloia and S. media, Korth. Verh. Nat.
Gesch. Pot. 125. Scapha CandoUii and S. pinangiana, Choisy Mem. Ternstr.
31. Ternstroemia pentapetala. Jack in Malay Misc. i. no. 5, 40. T. trilocu-
laris, Roxb. ex Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 40. T. bilocularis, Roxh. Fl. Ind.
ii. 522. Cleyera pentapetala, Spreng. Syst. feg. ii. 596.
Eastern Peninsula ; from Tenasserim, Heifer, to Penang, Sincapore, and Malacca,
Wallich, Maingay. — Distrib. Moluccas, S. China.
A shrub or small tree ; branches with grey unspotted bark. Leaves 7-10 by 2J-
4 J in. acuminate, spinulose-serrate, glabrous on both sides except the scale-like hairs
on the nerves and the midrib beneath; petioles ^-IJ in. Flowers on old wood in
fascicles of about twice 3-chotomous cymes. PedireU f in,, scaly and hairy. Floicers
i in. diam. Sepals obovate, obtuse. Petals white. Stamens about 20. Styles 3, rarely 5,
distinct. Perries usually 3-lobed.
7. S. macrotrlcha, Kurz, ms. ; leaves very narrowly lanceolate.
288 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMIACE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Saurauja.
BiRMA at Durunja, alt. 1000 ft., Griffith; Yunan at Ponsee, /. Anderson.
A small tree, clothed except on the old wood with stiEF setose hairs. Leaves 9-11
by l-2i in., attenuate above and below, setosely serrate, more sparingly hairy on both
' surfaces; petioles % in. Pedicels 1 in. or less, unequal. Flowers red. Sepals ^in.,
elliptic, obtuse. Styles 5, connate below.
**** Flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, sessile solitary or aggregate,
Styles 4.
8. S. cerea, Griff, ms. ; ovary densely hairy. Grif. Itin. Notes, 200.
Bhotan Himalaya, at Murichom, alt, 3500 ft., Griffith.
A small tree. Leaves 1-10 by 4-5 in., cuneate-obovate, acute, setosely serrate, gla-
brous on both sides, veins below with distant setose scales; petioles i in., scaly.
Flowers 1 in. diain. Sepals orbicular, densely scaly externally. Petals orbicular-
obovate, white with the base blood-red, waxy.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
S. STERCULiPOLTA, Griffi. Itin. notes, 198, Bhotan. — Probably S. napauUnaia,
S. PERRCGiNEA, Griff. Itin. notes, 120, Bhotan.
S. MiCRANTHA, Griff. Itin. notes, 71, Khasia. — Probably S. Roxhurghii.
9. STACHYURUS, Sieb. & Zucc.
Glabrous shrubs or small trees. Leaves serrate, membranous. Floivers
small, in short lateral spikes or racemes. Bracts 2, connate at the b.ise.
Sepals 4, strongly imbricate. Petals 4, free. Staviem 8 ; anthers dehiscing
by slits. Ovary 4-celled; style sim})le, stigma capitate-peltate; ovules
many. Beri'y 4-celled. Cotyledons elliptic, radicle short. — Distkib. 2 known
species, a Japanese and a Himalayan.
1. S. Wxnalalcus, Ilook.f. <£r Tluoms ; Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v.
55 ; leaves shortly petioled attenuate-acuminate, berries subsessile subglobose.
Indetemi. Wall. Cat. 7417.
Eastern Temi^erate Himalaya; Nipal, IFa/^tc/i; Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft., /. Z), iT.;
Bhotan, Griffith.
A small-tree with strajigling branches. Leaves 4-6 by l.J-2 in., ovate, with a rounded
bane, finely serrate, the veins strongly reticulated beneath ; petioles i-4 in. Sjjikes
2-3 in., erect. Berries the size of a small pea.
10. SCKZMA, Reinw.
Trees with papery evergreen leaves. Pedaucles usually erect, axillary or
solitary, or the ui)permost shortly racemed. Flowers handsome, 2-bracteo-
late. Sepals 5, subequal. Petals 5, much larger, connate at the base, the
outermost concave and sub-cucullate. Stamens many, adnate to the base of
the petals. Ovary 5- (rarely 4-6-) celled ; styles simple or slightly lobed at
the apex with broad spreading stigmas ; ovules 2-6 in each cell, attached
laterally, sub-pendulous. Ca]mde woody, depressed-globose, loculicidal,
with a persistent axis. Seeds flat, kidney-shaped, dorsal ly winged, hilum
central, albumen scanty; cotyledons foliaceous, flat or crumpled, accum-
bent ; radicle inferior, curved upwards.-— Distkib. Tropical Asia. Species
about 7.
1. S. mollis, Dyer ; leaves quite entire with nearly simple lateral veins,
peduncles 1 in. with minute white warts, fruit pubescent when young.
Gordonia mollis, Wall. Cat. 1458.
Schima.\ xxiv. ternstrcemiace^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 289
Tavoy, mdUch.
Branches brown with minute scattered white warts. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in., elliptic,
tapering and acute at both ends, smooth on both surfaces with red veins ; petiole f in.,
pubescent. Peduncles thickened upwards. /Sepals -^\ in. long, with pubescent-ciliate
margins, glabrous externally.
2. S. Wallichli, Choisy in Zoll. Gat. 144 ; leaves entire or obscurely
cretiate-serrate with forked lateral veins, flowers in a short terminal raceme,
peduncles |-2 in. with minute white warts, fruit f in. diam. pubescent when
young, afterwards minutely warted. S. hypoglauca, Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind.
fSiippl. i. 484. Gordonia Wallichii, I>C. Prodr. i. 528; Wall. Cat. 1455.
G. integriiolia, Roxb. Hoi-t. Beng. 52. G. Chilaunia, Ham. in Don Prodr.
225. G. sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 562, t. 600.
Eastern Himalaya, from Nipal, Wallich, and Sikkira, alt. 2-5000 ft., /. D. H., to
Bhotan, Gri§ith. Assam, Chittagong, and the Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft., Wallich,
&c. BiRMA, Griffith. — Distkib. Sumatra.
A tree 80-100 ft., with rough or smooth, pale or brown bark. Leaves 6-7 by 2-3 in.,
elliptic-obloiig, tapering or rounded below, acute or slightly acuminate, glabrous and
reddish-veined above, reticulate and more or less puboscient beneath ; petiole 4 in.,
pnljescent. Peduncles rather slender; bracts \ in., alterliate, narrow obiong, retuse.
Flowers 14-2 in. diam., white, fragrant. Sepals ^ in. long, with pubiscent-ciliate mar-
gins, glabrous, or slightly pubescent outside. Petals pubescent outside at the base.
3. S. crenata, Korik. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 14.3, t. 29 ; leaves faintly cre-
nate-serrate, flowers in a loose terminal corymb, peduncles 1^-2 in. smooth
slender, fruit \ in. diam. pubescent. Gordonia floribunda, Wall. Cat. 1456;
Griff. Notid. iv. 563. G. oblata, Poxk Fl. Ind. ii. 572. G. sp. Griff. I.e. 562.
Eastern Penjnsula, from Tenasserim to Penang. Birma, Griffith. — Distrib. Borneo,
Sumatra.
A tree 30-60 ft. Branchlets compressed, pubescent. Leaves about 6 by 2 in., elliptic,
acute at the base, acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces, rather leaden-coloured above ;
petiole 4 in., glabrous. Flowers 1^ in. diam., white, fragrant. /Sepals hardly ^ in.,
long, margins scarcely ciliate, glabrous externally. Petals pubescent externally at the
ba.-ie. /Stigma 4-5-lubed, peltate. — The Borneo and Sumatra specimens have ciliate
sepals, pubescent externally. 1 agree, however, with Kurz (Joaru. As. Sue. Beng. 1870,
ii. 64), that they must be united with the Indian forms. 8. Noronhce has fewer and
larger flowers and stouter peduncles.
4. S. khasiana, Dyer ; leaves strongly serrate with nearly simple
lateral veins, flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, peduncles f in. stout
with minute white warts, fruit f in. diam. rough. Gordonia superba,
Hook.f. d' Thorns, ms. (not of Gard. & Champ.)
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.
A tree with white bark. Leaves 5-6 by 2-2^ in., ovate, acute, glabrous on both
surfaces, reticulate beneath; petiole 4 iii., glabrous. Flowers 24 in. diam. Sepals ^ in.
long, with pubescent-ciliate margins, pubescent externally. Petals silky -pubescent
externaNy on the lower half.
11. PVRENARIA, Blume.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves serrate, large and submembranous. Flowers sub-
sessile, axillary, erect or nodding. /Sepals usually 5, unequal, graduatmg
from the bracts to the petals. Petals connate at the base. /Stamens very
numerous, mostly connate, adnate to the base of the petals. Ovary 5-celled ;
styles 5, free, or partially united ; ovules 2 in each cell, attached laterally.
Fruit drupaceous, indeluscent. Seeds oblong, stout, wingless with a thick
VOL. I. U
290 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACE^. (W. T. TMseltoD Djer.) [Pyrenaria,
woody testa ; albumen ; cotyledons large, crumpled or conduplicate ; radicle
inferior, inflexed,— Distrib. Malay Penins. & Ind. Arch. Species about 7.
* Leaves pubescent beneatk.
1. P. acuminata, Planch, ex Choisy Mem. Temstr. 84; bracts and
sepals ovate acute. Ternstrcemia ? macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 3663 m Herb.
Linn. Soc. Gordonia (Camellia ?) acuminata, Wall. Cat. 3664 in Uerb. Kew.
Eastern Peninsula, Malacca and Sincapore, Wallich, &c.
Branches densely hairy. Leaves 8-12 by 2^-4 in., oblanceolate, obscurely serrulate,
shortly acuminate, glabrous above; petiole ^-^ in., pubescent. Plowers l\ in, diam ,
shortly stalked. Bracts and sepals velvety externally. Petals round, silky externally,
purplish-brown within, Ovor?/ silky. J^'ruit 14 by 1 in. when dry, pomaceoua, wrinkled,
finally nearly glabrous,
** Leaves glabrous beneath.
2. P. camellieeflora, Ku?^ in Joum. An. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 46 ; leaves
oblong or elliptic-ublon^^ subacuminate creuato-serrulate.
Pegu, Kurz ; Martaban, Brandts.
A small tree, 25-30 ft, high. Leaves 5-7 by 1^-2 in , yellowish-green even when
dried ; petiole 4 '"• Flowers f in. uiam,, white ; bracteoles small and as well as the
sepals and petals silky externally. Ovary silky. Drupe about 1 in, long, obovoid,
succulent, at first slightly pubescent, then pruinose. Steds 2.
3. P. attenuata« Seem, in Linn. Trans, xxii. 340 ; leaves obovate serru-
late, flowers 4^ in. diam. Freziera? attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1451. Thea viridis
var. assamica, CJioisy Mem, Tei-ndr. 91. Tliea assamica, aflf. sp., Choisy
I.e. 68.
Tavoy, Oomez.
Branches glabrous; buds silky. Leaves 6-7 by 24-3 in., obtuse or very shortly
acuminate ; petiole 4 in. Plowers very shortly peduncled. Bracts, sepals, and petals
orbicular, pubescent externally. Ovary pubescent ; styles united below, glabrous above.
4. P. barrlng-tonlae folia, Seem, in Bonpl. vii, 49 ; leaves spathulate
strongly serrate, flowers 1 ^ in. diam. Eusynaxis barringtoniicfolia, Griff.
JSiM. iv. 560, t. 603, f. 1, 2, 3.
Assam, Grirfith; Garrow hills in Eastern Benoal, Lobb.
A shrub 6 it., with glabrous branches and pubescent buds. Leaves 8-10 by 24-34 in.,
tip ronniled or truncate, cuspidate-acuminate ; petiole ^ in, Plowers yellowish-white,
very shortly peduncled. Bracts, seitaU, and prtals orbicular, erose-crenate, pubes-
cent exteinaily, C^vori/ silky, grooved ; styles distinct, i*VMif ovoid, 1^ in, long when
dry, longitudinally wrinkled, glabrous,
12. GORDONIA, Ellis.
Trees with evergreen entire or crenate leaves. Flotvers usually handsome,
often subgessile, solitary in the axils of the leaves or collected at the ends of
the branches, 2-4-l)racteolate. Sepals usually 5, unequal, graduating from
the bracts to the petals. Petals free or often slightly connate at the base, the
innermost larger. Stamens 5-adelphous or all connate, adnate to the petals.
Ovary 3-5- (rarely 6-) celled ; style single with a stout spreading stigma ;
ovules 4-8 in each cell. Capsule oblong, woody, loculicidal with a })ersistent
axis. Seeds flat or compressed, prolonged upwards into an oblong wing
(rarely obsolete) albumen ; embryo mostly straight, oblique, with ovate
flat or slightly cruujpled cotyledons ; radicle superior. — Distrlb. N. America,
Tropical Asia, Malay Archipelago. Species about 10.
Oordonia.] xxiv. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Bjer.) 291
1. G-. excelsa, Blume, Bijd. iii. 130; leaves very shortly petioled
narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate more or less acuminate obscurely serrulate
usually coriaceous. G. singapariaua, Wall. Gat. 1457 {in part). Antheeis-
chiraa excelsa. Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 138, t. 27. Dipterospermae sp.
Gnff. Notul. i'v. 564.
BiiOTAN HiMAT.AYA, (var. 1), (rrt^^^ / EASTERN Pexinsula, Sincapore, Q. Thomson;
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Araboyna,
Bark of young branches cracking transversely and scaling off. Leaves 4-10 by 1^-3 in.,
tapering at both en Is ; midrib strong; veins faint; petiole J in. Fedundes {-^m.,
short, pubescent. Flowers l§-2 in. diam., pinkish, fragrant. Sepals a.nd petal'i rather
fleshy, orbicular, silky-pubescent externally with membranous edges. Capsule 1 in.
long. Valves fiat on the back, more or less tapering upwards.
Var. 1. pubescens ; buds and young shoots pubescent.
Var. 2. sincapuriana ; buds and young shoots glabrous.
2. G*. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 1459 ; leaves shortly petioled narrowly elliptic
tapering at both ends, obtuse or obtusely acuminate crenate papery. G.
obtusifolia and G. parvifolia, Wight III. i. 99. Saurauja crenulata, Wight in
Wall. Gat. 1459 {not of DC).
MoDNTAiNS of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to the Pulney hills. Ceylon ?
A tall tree ; young branches with grey striate persistent bark, at first compressed ;
buds silky. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1 4 in. ; midrib strong ; petioles ^ in. Pedunchs short,
pubescent. Flowers \\ in. diam,, white. Sepals orbicular, silky-pubescent externally;
the membranous petals faintly so. Capsule 1 in. long, 5-angled, the valves deeply sul-
cata above.
3. G. IHaing'ayi, Dyer ; leaves petioled oblanceolate tapering below
obtusely acuminate with obscurely serrulate and slightly revolute edges
subcoriaceous, margins of petals and sepals glabrous.
Malacca, Maingay.
Bra'fichlets numerous, slender, with grey and persistent bark ; buds silky. Leaves
3 by 1-lf in. ; petioles j in. Flowers 1 in. diam., subsessile. Sepals and petals orbi-
cular, retuse, silky-pubescent externally, with membranous edges. Capsule 1 in. long,
stained inside with purple ; valves nearly flat on the back. — Closely allied to G. obtusa,
but the subsessile flower-buds and flowers are smaller and the leaves stouter.
4. G. zeylanlca, Wight III. i. 99 ; leaves shortly petioled elliptic-
oblanceolate tapering at both ends with a minute retuse glandular point
entire rather coriaceous.
Ceylon; forests of the Central Province, alt. 4-7000 ft.. Walker, &c.
Bark of young branches persistent, smooth. Leaves 3-4 by 1-2 in. ; midrib strong;
veins obsolete; petiole ^ in. Peduncles short, glabrous. Flowers \\ in. diam., white.
Sepals orbicular, smooth, retuse ; margins ciliate. Petals slightly pubescent externally
towards the base.
Var. 1. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 40; young branches pilose, leaves narrow.
Var. 2. elliptica, Thw. I.e. (excl. syn. Gardner) ; young branches smooth, leaves
broader.
5. Cr. elliptica, Gard. in Gale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 448 ; leaves sessile
broadly elliptic rounded at both ends retuse at the apex entire slightly
coriaceous.
Ceylon ; Gardner, Newera Ellia, O. Thomson.
A large tree. Branchlets with the leaves crowded at their extremities ; bark crack-
ing across and lengthwise. Leaves about 3 by 1^ in , upper surface reticulate-veined ;
midrib strongly marked below, channelled above. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., sessile, white.
Sepals orbicular, emarginate, puberulous externally. Petals obcordiform, puberulous
U2
292 XXIV. TERNSTR(EMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Gordmiu.
Capsule 1-1 J in. ; back of valves sulcate. — Thwaites does not appear to have seen spe-
cimens of this plant, which differs from G zeylanica in its sessile, more coriaceous
leaves with slightly revolute margins when dry, and its larger flowers.
6. G-. speciosa, Thwaites Eniim. 40 ; leaves sessile broadly elliptic
rouii'led and retuse at the apex entire coriaceous. Carria speciosa, Gard. in
Cak. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 7.
Ckylon ; damp forests of the Central Province, rather micommon, alt. 5000 ft. and
upwards, Gardner^ &c.
A tree 40-50 ft. BrancMets with th^ leaves crowded at their extremities ; bark
groy, crackins; longitudinally. Buds glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by l.J-3 in., slightly revo-
lute when dried ; midrib strong, channelled above ; veins obsolete. Flowers 2-4 in,
diam , suhsessile, reddish purple. Sepals And petalx orbicular-oblong, obcordate ; sepals
smooth, maririns ciliate ; petals faintly silky externally towards the base. CapstUe
1 J in. long ; back of valves sulcate above.
GoRDONiA ANOMALA, Spreng. Syst. iii. 126, is figured in Bot Reg. 349, under the
name of Camollia axillaris, Rorb. ms., and is stated to have been introduced by Dr. Rox-
burgh into the Calcutta Botanic (Jarden from Pulo-Penang. I have seen, however, no
specimens except from 8. China, whence it is probably not indigenous in Penang.
13. CAMEZiXiZA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen, serrate, coriaceous or membranous.
Flowers axillary, solitary, or aggregated, sessile or shortly stalked, often
handsome. Sepals 5-6, unequal, graduating fri)m the bracts towards the
petals. Petals slightly coherent at the base. jSt^nnens numerous, the outer-
most in many rows, slightly or almost wlioUy monadelphous, adherent to
the base of tlie petals ; the innermost, 5-12, f^ee. Ovari/ 3-5-ceUed ; styles
free to the base, or more or less united ; ovules 4-5 in each cell, pendulous.
Capsule woody, usually short, loculicidal. /Seeds mostly solitary in each cell,
wingless, albumen 0; embryo straight, cotyledons thick, radicle short,
superior. — Distrlb. Trop. and East. Asia and Malay Archipelago. Species
about 14.
Sect. I. Thea, Linn. Flowers nodding, sepah persistent.
1. C. theifera, Grif. Notid. iv. 558, t. 601, f. i. & iii. ; Trans. Agric. Soc.
Gale. V. (1838), t. C; leaves elli[)tic-oblong acute or cuspidate-acuminate pu-
berulous on the nerves beneath, peduncles 2-3-bracteate short, styles and
stamens glabrous. Thea chinensis, Linn.; Seem, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. t. 61.
T. assamica. Masters in Journ. Agric. d' Hort. Soc. hid, iii. (1844), 63. Assam
Tea, Wall. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. iv. 48, t. 2. Camellia ? Scottiana, Wall.
Cat. 3668, (see Jouim. Linn. Soc. xiii. 328). Camelliae sp., Grif. Trans.
Agric. (k Hort. Soc. Ind. v. (1838), t. B. Eurya angustifolia, Miquel in Herb,
hoheuack. 483 (a cultivated form).
Upper Assam, Wallich; Cachar {fide T. Anderson). — Distrib. China.
A shrub, 3-6 ft. high. Brancldets glabrous ; buds silky. Leaves 4-8 by 1^-2^ in.
tapering at either end, more or less serrate, membranous ; petiole ^ in. Flowers \\ in,
diam., white. Sepals orbicular, glabrous, with membranous cihate edges. Petals broadly
obovate. Styles united for | their length. Capsule leathery, trigonous ; cells 1- rarely
2-seeded. Seeds f in. diam., nearly globose or obtusely angled, smooth, pale brown, —
Possibly the wild stock of the tea plant. The cultivate*! forms vary with more con-
tracted habit, smaller, more obtuse and coriaceous leaves, and a pubescent calyx. In
J. W. Bennett's Ceylon, 277, the Tea plant is alluded to and figured as having been found
in that island by the Dutch. This, however, was not confirmed by the writer or by
any subs-quent observer.
Camellia] xxiv. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 293
2. C. caudata, Wall. PI. As. Bar. iil 36 ; leaves elliptic-oblong caudate-
acuminate sparsely puberulous beneath, peduncles imbricate-bracteate short,
stamens and styles hairy. Wall. Cat 978 ; Grif. Notul. iv. 559, t. 601, f. ii. ;
Trans. Agric, (h Hort. ^oc. Ind. v. (1838\ t. A.
Khasia Mts. and Silhet, Walllch, &c. ; Bhotan Himalaya, Booth; Mishmi Hills,
Griffith. , . ,
tiranchlets slender; buds silky. Leaves 3-4 by f-1 in., serrate, membranous with a
strong midrib pubescent beneath; petiole ^ in., pubescent. Flowers about 1 in. diam.,
white. Sepals ovate, silky externally. Petals obovate, puberulous externally. Capsule
f in. diam., trigonously-spherical, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Sect. II. Camellia proper. Flowers erect, sepals deciduous.
3. C. drupifera, Lour. Fl. Cochin. 411, ex Seem, in Trans. Linn. Sac.
xxii. 344; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong tapering below with a long
acuminate apex coriaceous, stamens glabrous, styles nearly free woolly at
the base. C. Kissi, Wall, in As. Res. xiii. 429 ; Jo urn. As. Sac. Beng. iv. 48,
t. 2 ; PI. As. Rar. iii. 36, t. 256. C. keina, Dm, Prodr. 224. C. mastersia,
Griff. Notul. iv. 539. C. simplicifolia, Griff. Notul. iv. 560, t. 604, f. ii. C. sym-
plocifolia. Griff. Itin. 40. C. caudata, Griff. Itin. 40 {not of Wall.). C. oleifolia,
Wall. Cat. 976.
Eastern Himalaya; alt. 3-7000 ft.; from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith;
Assam and Khasia Mts., alt. 5-8000 ft. ; Tenasserim and Andaman Islands, Heifer.
A shrub or small tree, wiih much divided slender branches. Branchlets slightly
puberulent ; buds with loose scales, sparingly pubescent. Leaves 3-4 by I-I4 in., serrulate
especially towards the apex, often slightly revolute ; veins faint ; petiole J in. Flowers
14 in. diam , white, with the odour of cherry-laurel. Sepals orbicular, silky externally.
Petals obovate, emarginate, scarcely hairy externally. Ovary wooily. Capsule nearly
1 in. diam., at first pyriform and pubescent, ultimately depressed-globose and smooth.
Seeds 1-3. — C. Sasanqua, of China and Japan, has less acuminate leaves, obcordate or
2-lobed petals and connate styles.
4. C. lutescens, Dyer; leaves elliptic-oblong tapering or rounded
below caudate-acuminate membranous, styles short, stigmas recurved, cap-
sule drupaceous (when young only 1).
Mishmi Hills, high up on Laim-planj-thaya, Griff. Journ. p. 38, Kew Distrib. 777
and 779.
A shrub with much divide^ pale grey branches and buds silky within. Leaves 2-3 4
by l-lj in., closely serrate ; midrib prominent below and pale; petiole ^ in. puberu-
lous. Flowers 1 in. diam., crowded towards the ends of the branches, sessile, white,
then yellowish, fragrant. Sepals orbicular, membranous, thinly pubescent internally.
Petals obovate, smooth. Ovary with long silky hairs.
5. C.t sp.n.; a, shrub 10 ft. with puberulous shoots and pubescent buds and
petioles. Leaves 4-7 by 1^-2 in., oblong, tapering at both ends, crenate serrate,
obtuse acuminate, papery, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole | in. Flo\\ers
1 in. diam. erect; the orbicular, minutely mucronate sepals and obovate
petals both pubescent externally; styles 5, distinct, very short; ovary silky.
Moulmein, Lobh, alt. 3000 ft. ; a single specimen.
I have no means of identifying the plant found by Griffith on the Mishmi moun-
tains {Journ. 38 and 45), and called by him Camellia axillaris.
14. ARCKVTSIA, Martius.
Leaves evergreen, semiamplexicaul, smooth. Flowers on a lateral com-
pressed peduncle, 3 or more together, rarely solitary Brads subfoliaceous.
294 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACEJS. (W. T. TLiselton Dyer.) [Archytaa.
Sepals and petals each 5. Stamens numerous, 5-adelphous ; anthers versa-
tile. Ovary 5-celled ; styles distinct or wholly united ; ovules numerous
in many imbricating rows. Cajjside acuminate, septicidai from below,
with a persistent central axis. tSeects linear-subcylindric, albumen scanty.
— DiSTBiB. Trop. Amer. and Indian Archipelago. Species 3.
1. A. Vahlll, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 73. Hypericum altemifolinm,
Vahl Symb. ii. t.-42 ; DC. Prodr. i. 545 ; Wall, Cat. 4806. Pioiarium elegans,
Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 135, t. 25.
Eastern I^eninscla; Malacca, Griffith; Sincapore, Wallich; Penang, Jack. —
DisTRiB. Borneo.
A shrub or small tree. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, narrow oblan-
ceolate, acute ; margins and midrib red. Flowers 1 in. long, pink. /Styles 4 in. long,
distinct.
A plant of which I have seen only specimens in fruit, collected by Maingay at Penang,
and described below, is probably the type of a new Ternstroemiaceous genus. — Leaves
alternate, 2-3 by 1-1 4 in., elliptic, acute, coriaceous, with close patent lateral veins ;
petiole 1 in. Flowers irom the axils of fallen leaves, forming a terminal panicle ;
peduncle ^ in. long, thickened upwards. iSepals 6, imbricate. Immature /rttii ovoid,
apiculale, drupaceous, containing 2 1 -seeded cells.
Order XXV. DIPTEROCARPEiE. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer.)
Resinous trees, rarely climbinj]; shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, quite
entire, rarely sinuate-crenate, with parallel lateral nerves ; stipules usually
small and deciduous, or inconspicuous, sometimes larger and persistent, or
fugitive, leaving an annular scar. Flowers usually sweet-scented in few- or
many-flowered axillary and terminal racemes or panicles. Bracts usually
minute or 0, rarely larger and persistent. Calyx-tube tree and cam})anulate,
or very short and adnate to the base of the ovary. Fetals contorted, connate
at the base or free. Stametis qo, 15, 10 or 5, bypogynous or subperigynous,
free, connate, or adnate to the petals, filaments short, often dilated at the
base ; anthers 2-celled, the outer valves sometimes larger, connective
often aristate or witli an obtuse ai)pendage. Ovary slightly immersed in the
torus, usually 3- rarely 2- or 1-ceiled ; style subulate or fleshy, entire or
with 3 minute stigmatic lobes ; ovules anatrupous, 2 in each cell, pendulous
or laterally afiixed (solitary and erect in Ancistrocladus). Fruit usually nut-
like, sometimes capsidar and 3-valved, 1- rarely 2-seeiied, accompanied by
the variously accrescent calyx of which two or more lobes are usually developed
into linear wings. ISeed exalbumous (albumen fleshy and ruminated in
Ancistrocladus); cotyledons fleshy, equal or unequal, straight or more or less
Elaited and crunjpled ; radicle directed towards the hilum, usually included
etween the cotyledons.— Distrlb. Confined (except 3 Tropical African
species) to Tropical Eastern Asia ; genera about 13, species about 170.
* Calyx much enlarged in fruit, segments erect.
Calyx in fruit with a distinct tube.
Pruit free 1. Dipterocarpus.
JFruit adnate to the calyx.
All the calyx-lobes enlarged. Stamens 6-10, ovary 1-
celled 2. Ancistbocladus.
Two calyx-lobes enlarged. Stamens oo , ovary 3-eelled . . 3. Anisoptera.
XXV. D1PTER0CARPE2E. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 295
Calyx in fruit with an obscure tube.
/Estivation of the calyx subvalvate j stamens 15 .... 4. Vatica.
-Estivation of the calyx imbricate.
Three or all the calyx-segments enlarged ; stamens 15-oo,
subulate-cuspidate 5. Shorea.
Two caiyx-segments enlarged; stamens 10-15, subulate-
cuspidate 6. Hopea.
Two calyx-segments enlarged ; stamens 15, with an obtuse
appendage 7. Doona.
** Calyx scarcely enlarged in fruit, segments reflexed.
Stamens 15-go . 8. Vateria.
Stamens 5 9. Monoporandra.
1. DIPTEROCARPUS, Gsertn. f.
Lofty trees, stellately pubescent or more or less clothed with fascicled
hairs. Leaves coriaceous, entire or sinuate-crenate, lateral nerves not quite
opposite, connected by marginal loops and transverse reticulations ; petiole
usually more or less tuuiid at the apex ; stipules large, valvate, enclosing
the terminal bud, finally caducous leaving an annular scar. Flowers large,
racemed, white or reddish. Calyx-tube free. Petals usually pubescent ex-
ternally especially on the outer margin. Stamens oo ; anthers linear, equi-
valved, acuminate. Ovary 3-celied ; style filiform ; ovules 2 in each cell.
Fruit nut-like, 1- rarely 2-seeded, inclosed in the accrescent calyx- tube,
free; wings 2, erect. >5Ve(i adnate to the base of the pericarp; Cv»tyledons
large, thick, unequal ; radicle inconspicuous. — Distrib. Tropical E. Asia ;
species about 50.
* Calyoc-tuhe in fruit without ribs or wings,
t Young branches glabrous or canescent,
1. D. turbinatus, Goertn. f. Fruct. iii. 51, t. 188; leaves ovate or
broadly lanceolate entire or sinuate-crenate acute base rounded, fruit-wings
5 by i in. linear-oblanceolate obtuse 3-nerved. Ham. in Mem. Weim. Soc.
vi. .:i()0 ; Jioxb. Fl. lad. ii. 612 ; Gorom. Fl. iii. 10, t. 213 ; Wall. Cat. 952 ;
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 607. D. laevis, Ham. I.e. 299 ; A. DC. I.e. D. indicus,
Bedd. Forest Rep. 1864-5, 17 with tab.
Eastern Bengal and Eastern Peninsula, from Chittagong and Pegu to Sincapore.
(Concan and Ceylon cult. ?)
Young brandies compressed. Leaves 5-12 by 24-7 in. ; glabrous on both surfaces or
slightly pubescent, especially on the nerves and margins, lateral nerves 14-18 pairs;
petiole 14-3 in.; stipules with dense stellate canescence, pubescent towards the apex.
Macemes 3-5-tiowered. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calyx tube obconic, hoary-puberulous ;
in fruit 1 in. diam., sub-spheroidal, mouth contracted, unenlarged lobes deltoid-ovate.
Petals pinkish-white. Nut pubescent. — The Gurjun oil tree. — Kanyin.
2. X>. vestitus, WalL Gat. 954; leaves elliptic obtuse at both ends,
margins sinuate-crenate and ciliate.
Tavox", Gomez.
Young branches compressed^ clothed in every part except the glabescent upper sur-
faces of the leaves with stellate canescence. Leaves 7 by 5 in., margins undulate,
lateral nerves 15 pairs; petiole 14 in. Racemes ahoMi 6-flowered. Calyx-tube obtusely
ol)couic ; lobes short, broadly deltoid, obtuse. — I have seen no fruit.
tt Young branches inmre or less Imiry,
3. D. obtusifolius, Teysm, in Miq. Ann, Mus, I 214 ; leaves broadly
'2i)G XXV. dipterocarpetE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Diptcrocarpus
ovate obtuse sinuate-crenate, base rounded, fruit-wings 5 by 1 in. linear-
oblanceolate 1- or sub-3-nerved. A, DC. Piodr. xvi. 2, 608.
MouMiEiN and Rangoon, Griffith, &c. ; ascending 3000 ft., Brandis. — Distrib. Siam.
The compressHd young branches, stipules and petioles densely hairy. Leaves 8-9*
bv 4-5^ in., glabrous above, sol'tly pubescent beneath, margins undulate sometimes
ciliate, lateral nerves 12-14 pairs ; petioles I-I4 in. Calyx tube in fruit 1^ in. diam.,
depressed spheroidal, mouth contracted, sparsely hispid, at length glabrous, unenlarged
lobes cordi'brm. Nat silkily pubescent. — Engnu. Kan. — In Indian specimens the mar-
gins of the leaves are smooth, in those from Siam, their upper surface is glabrescent.
A plant collected in Pegu by Kurz dififers ifi the stiffly -tomentose young parts, subobtuse
leaves, and acute fruit-wings.
4. I>. hispidus, Thwaites Enum. 33 ; leaves broadly elliptic-oblong
shortly acuminate base slightly cordate sinuate-crenate, fruit-wings 6 by
1^ in. linear-obovate obtuse, principal nerve with 3-4 strong ascending
branches. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608.
Ceylon ; SaflFragam District and Eatnapoora.
Youtig branches, stipules, petioles and the prominent reticulations on the under
surface of the leaves clothed with spreading rufous fascicled hairs. Leaven 6-12 by
34-7 inch. (25 by 11 on young trees), lateral nerves 15-24 pairs ; petiole 1-2^ in. Caliix-
tiibe obconic, densely pubosct-nt, in fruit ovoid, obscurely 5-angled, glabrescent. Nut
stiiate, glabrescent. — D. oblongifolius, Thvj. Enum. 33 {not of Blume). D. oblongus,
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608, is said by Thwaites to have smaller leaves, but appears to
me in other respects indistinguishable.
5. D. pilosus, R()xh. Hort. Beng. 93; Ft. Ind. ii. 615 ; leaves elliptic-
oblong very shortly acuminate base acute or rounded margins with
fascicled cilia, fruit-wings 6-8| by li-l^ in. linear-oblong retnse usually
strongly 3-nerved glabrous. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 614. i). Biiudii, Korth.
Vevh. Nat, Gesck. Bot. 59, t. 5 ; Km^ in Journ. As. ISoc. Beng. 1870, il 65 ;
A. DC. Prodr. I.e. 609.
Assam, Oriffith; Pegu and Qmi^KQO^Q, Roxhurgh, &c. ; Andaman Isl., Kurz. —
Dl^sTRIB. Sumatra.
Compressed young branches, stipules and petioles densely hairy. Leaves 6-18 by
3-12 in., glabrous above, sparingly hairy on the reticulations beneath, lateral neivcs
24 pairs; petiole 1^-3 in. Cah/x-tuhe in fruit 2 in. hmg, ovoid or obovoid, glabrous,
mouth not contracted, unenlarged lobes orbicular. Nvt densely pube.'-cent. — An Assam
)»lant Collected by G. Mann has identical fruits but leaves 7 by 4 in., elliptic, acute,
case rounded, miuutely tawny-pubescent beneath.
6. Z>. crlnltus, Dyet\- leaves obovate acute margins entire slightly
recurved when dried fringed with sliort fascicled hairs, fruit-wings
(immature) 3| in. linear deltoid obtuse or acute 3-nerved.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo.
Young branches, petioles, prominent nerves on the under surface of the leaves and
pedicels clothed with long fascicled hairs. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3i in., coriaceous, thinly
hairy above especially on the midrib, lateral nei-ves 15-18 pairs; stipules glabrous
ex(;ept a few fascicled hairs on the dorsal nerve; petiole 1^-1^ in. Racemes about
6-tlowered. Caly.vtuhe obconic, glaucous, obovoid in immature Iruit, contracted below
the mouth, glabrous, unenlarged lobes broadly elliptic.
** Calyx-tahe in fruit 5-angled or winged.
t Angles confined to tlie wpper j>ortion of ilie calyx-tube.
7. D. cornutus, Dyer ; leaves oblong rounded at both ends or tip
apiculate sinuate-crenate, calyx-tube in fruit tubercular-pentagonal above,
mouth contracted.
Di2)terocarpus.\ xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 297
Malacca, Mnivgay.
Young branches compressed, canescent. Leaves 10-13 by 4-8 in., glabrous above,
canescent beneath, lateral nerves 19 pairs with a persistent intermediate plication ; petiole
2 in. ; stipules 4-6 in., canescent with scattsred fascicled hairs. Racemes 4-6 in., simple,
about 8-fiowered. Calyx-tube in fruit f in. long, glabrous, wings linear-spathulate.
8. D. tuberculatus, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 614 ; leaves cordiform acute
base cordate or truncate margins sinuate-crenate undulate, calyx-tube in
fruit pentangular-costate in its upper part, mouth contracted. A. DC.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 614. D. cordatiis, Wall. Cat. 956 j A. DC. l.c, 612. D. grandi-
folius, Teysm. m Miq. Ann. Mm. i. 214.
Chittagong, Boxhurgh ; Eangoon, McClelland ; Birmah, Wallich. — Distrib. Siam.
Young branches compressed, glabrous or canescent. Leaves 10-18 by 5-14 in., late-
ral nerves 15 pairs ; petiole 4-5 in. ; stipules 3-5 in. Bacemes 5-6 in., simple or 2-fid,
4-7-flowered. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Calyx-tube in fruit 1^ by 1 in., wings
4^-5 by lJ-1 1 in., linear-elliptic, obtuse, 3-nerved. — Enben.
Var. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 957 (sp.),revery part canescent, racemes 8 in. 9-flowered.
> — Attran.
1 could not agree with Kurz {Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 64, but corrected in
Begensb. Flora, 1872, 189), that the foliage of D. cordatus, Wall, (not cordifolvus, as
cited) is identical witli that of D. obtusifolius. Miquel describes the calyx-tube in fruit
as " exalatus ;" it does not appear however that he ever saw it mature.
ft Angles or wings prolonged to the base of the calyx-tuhe or nearly so.
a. Angles costate.
9. I>. zeylanicus, Thwaites Enum. 33 ; leaves elliptic or ovate-oblong
slightly apiculate base rounded margins faintly crenate, calyx-tube in fruit
urceolate. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 610.
Ceylon, ascending to 3000 feet.
Young branches, compressed, glabrous. Leaves 8 by 4 in., lateral nerves 17-22 pairs ;
petiole l|-2 in. . [Bacemes 2-fid near the base, 6-12-flo\vered. Thw.\ Petals blood-
red with pale yellowish margins. Calyx-tube in fruit 1 in. long; wings 5-7| in., linear-
oblong, obtuse, sub-3 nerved, unenlarged lobes |-1 in., ovate-oblong, obtuse. Nut densely
canescent.
/3. Angles winged.
10. D. scaber, Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 300; leaves oblong-ovate
acute base slightly cordate, racemes 4-9-flowered, calyx-tube in fruit
obovoid pilose angles with narrow membranous wings. D. alatus, A. DC.
I^rodr. xvi. 2, 611 in part, 7h')t of Roxh.
Ea.stern Bengal ; Mountains in Southern Tippera, Hamilton.
Clothed with brown fascicled hairs ; young branches subcompressed. L^eaves about
4 by 2 in., pilose on both surfaces, lateral nerves 12 pairs; petiole f in. Calyx-tube in
fruit f in., pilose, mouth contracted, fruit^wings 3 in., linear oblong obtuse.
11. D. g-landulosus, Thwaites Enum. 34; leaves oblong-lanceolate
acuminate base acute margins slightly ciliate, racemes 2-3-flowered. flowers
shortly pediceiled (calyx-tube in fruit subglobose the angles with wings
broadest in the middle but not reaching to the pedicel. Thw.). A. DC.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 612.
Ceylon ; Saffragam and Ambagamowa districts, Thwaites.
The subcompressed young branches, petioles and stipules stellately puberulent and
thinly hairy. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2 i in., glabrous above, glandular-puberulous beneath,
lateral nerves 11 pairs; petiole f-1 in. [Fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 3-4 by % in. Thw.\
Petals about 1^ in. long, yellow.
298 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Dipterocarpus.
12. D. scabridus, Thwaites Enum. 34 ; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate
base rounded margins ciliate, calyx-tube in fruit subglobose with distant
stellate hairs angles with undulate wings \ in. wide reaching to the pedicel.
A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 612.
Ceylon ; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites.
Young branches, petioles, and the under surface of the midrib with appressed hairs.
Leaves about 7 by 2f-3 in., glabrous above, glabrescent beneath except on the midrib
and nerves, lateral nerves 12-15 pairs ; petiole f in. Fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 4 by 1 in.
linear-lanceolate, obtuse.
13. Z>. alatus, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 614 ; leaves ovate or
ellif)tic acute, calyx-tube in fruit globose angles with wings | in. broad.
Wall. Cat. 953; A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 611 in part D. costatus, Gitrin.f.
Fruct. iii. 50, t. 187 (bad). D. gonopterus, 2'urcz in Mosc. Bull. 1863, 576 ;
A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 612. Oleoxylon bdsamiferum, Wall. Cat. p. 157.
CmTTAGONG, BiRMA, Tenasperim, Andaman Islanus. — DisTRiB. Siam.
Young branches compressed, pubescent. Leaves 54 by 3 in., shining above, more or
less pubescent beneath, margins ciliate, latt-ral nerves 15 pairs; petiole li in., softly
pnbescent-haiiy ; stipules pilose, liacemes abont 7-tlo\vered. Cahjx-tuhe in fruit 1 in,
diam., smooth, IVuit-wings (calyx lobes) 4-5 by 1 in., linear-ovate or spathulate, obtuse,
3 nerved , unenlarged lobes orbicular. — Kan\in. — Gaertnei's figure is bad as is show n by
Hamilton's specinn^s in the Bank^ian Herbarium, from which it appears to have been
drawn ; bis specific name suits the drawing, but is inapplicable lo the species. I have
therefore adopted Roxburgh's.
14. I>. incanus, Roxb. Hort. Benq. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 614; leaves ovate
obtuse. W. d' A, Frodr. 84; A. DC. Frodr, xvi. 2, 611.
Chittaoong, Boxhurgh; Pegu, Kurz.
Young parts and compressed branches softly hairy-pubescent. Leaves 6 by 4i
in., thinly pubescent on both surfaces, margins ciliate, lateral nerves 12 pairs, pubescent
beneath ; petiole 2 in., softly pubescent. Culyx-tvhe (in flower) softly pubescent, strongly
winged.
15. D. insigrnis, Thwaites Ennm. 34; leaves ovate apiculate base obtuse,
jflowers subse.ssile, calyx-tube in fruit narrowly ovoid, angles with wings
\ in. wide mouth scarcely contracted, fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) with one
principal nerve. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 612.
' Ceylon ; Saflfragam district, Thwaites.
Young bran hes densely pubescent ultimately glabrescent. Leaves 4-6 by 2^-3 in.
glabrous above, pubtscent or glabrous on the nerves ueneath, margins sinuaie-crenate,
lateral nerves 11 pairs; petiole i-f in., silky-pubescent, finally transversely rugose,
liacemes 3-5 flowered. FloweTs\Ar^Q. Fetals'l\ in. long, yellow on the inner, reddish
on the outer margin. Calyx tube in fruit abcut 1 in. long ; immature fruit-wings
(cal} x-lobes) 2|-f in., linear-oblong, obtuse.
16. D. pteryg-o calyx, Scheff. Qbs. Fhyt. ii. 35 ; leaves elliptic ovate or
oblong-ovate shortly and abruptly acuminate base truncate, calyx-tube in
fruit ovoid angles with wings nearly \ in. wide mouth slightly contracted,
fruit wings (calyx-lubes) sub-3-nerved central nerve prominent.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Banca.
Y'oung branches subcompressed with deciduous canescence. Leaves 4-10 by 3-5 in.,
glabrous on both surfaces, margins sinuate-crenate and undulate, lateral nerves about
18 pairs, rather remote ; petiole 2-3 in. ; stipules pale, glabrous. Racemes about
5-flowered. Calyx-tube in fruit 2 in. long, glabrous; fruit-wings 7 by 1^-2 in., linear-
oblong, obtuse, unenlarged lobes broadly ovate or orbicular.
Bipterocarpus.] xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 209
17. D. G-riffithii, Miq. Ann. Mm. Bot. i. 213 ; leaves ovate acute base
rounded, calyx-tube in fruit oblong ovoid angles with wings fully \ in.
wide mouth uncontracted, fruit-wings with 3 parallel approximate nerves.
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 612. D. grandiflorus, Griff. Notul. iv. 515, not of Wall.
Mergui, Griffith; South Andaman Island, Kurz.
Young brancTies subcompressed, canescent. Leaves 6 by 4 in., glabrous on both sur-
faces, lateral nerves about 13 pairs; petiole 2-2^ in.,; stipules canescent. Racemes
3-4-flowered. Calyx-tube in fruit 2-3 in. long; fruit- wings (calyx-lobes) 5^-6 by
1-lf in., linear-spathulate, obtuse, sparingly reticulate, une.ilarged lobes broadly del-
toid. — Distinguished from D. pterygocali/x by the distinctly 3-nerved calyx- wings, and
the unenlarged calyx-lobes not being contracted at the base. J). Motleyanits, Hook, f.,
from Borneo, is closely allied.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
D. angustifolius, W. & A. Prodr. 84 ; D. costatus, Booib. Fl. Ind. ii. 613 {not of
Gcertn.). — Chittagong.
2. ANCISTROCXiADUS, Wall.
Smooth climbing shrubs with short supra-axillary often arrested and
circinately hooked branches. Leaves usually in terminal tufts, coriaceous,
entire, reticulately feather-veined ; stipules small, caducous or incon-
spicuous. Flowers usually small, very caducous, in terminal or lateral
panicles. Calyx-tube at first very short, adnate to the base of the ovaiy
with imbricate lobes, finally turbinate and adnate to the fruit with the lobes
unequally enlarged, spreading and membranous. IStamens 5 or 10, subpe-
rigynous. Ovary 1-celled, inferior ; styles 3, articulated to a rounded or
sliortly cylindrical epigynous disk ; ovule solitary, erect or laterally affixed.
Seed subglobose, testa prolonged into the ruminations of the copious fleshy
albumen ; embryo short, straight ; cotyledons sliort, divergent. — Distrib.
Except A. guineensisiii W. Tropical Africa confined to Tropical Asia and the
Indian Archipelago. Species about 10.
* Leaves less than 4 times as long as wide,
t Stamens 5.
1. A. Vahlii, Am. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xviii. pt. i. 325. Thw. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxi. 233, t. 24. Wormia hamata, Vahl in Scrift. Nat. Selsk.
Kjobenk. 6, 105.
Ceylon ; Central and Southern part, ascending to 2000 ft.
Leaves 4 by 1-lJ in., sessile, cuneate-oblanceolate, obtuse. Panicle about twice 2-
chotomous ; divivsions slender. Calyx-tube finally 4 in- long, exceeding the fruit, obconic,
pentangular ; enlarged lobes 1 in. long, oblong obtuse, obscurely parallel-nerved.
ft Stamens 10.
2. A. extensus, Wall. Cat. 1052 (1) ; panicle repeatedly 2-chotomous,
divisions divaricate recurved, calyx-tube equalling the flat-topped fruit not
furrowed, lobes slightly decurrent. Planck, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3rd ser. xiii.
318. Ancistrolobus sp.. Griff. Notul. iv. 568 ; Ic. t. 605, fig. ii.
Pegu and Tenasserim, Wallich, Hdfer, &c.
Leaves 5-12 by 2-34 ^"v sessile, obovate-oblong, subobtuse or acute, narrowed below.
Bracts ovate, acute. Calyx-lobes 1^ in. long, cuneate-obovate with about 3 sub-
parallel nervuies.
3. A. Keyueanus, Wall. Cat. 7262 ; panicle about twice 2-chotomous,
calyx-tube furrowed exceeded by the conical apex of the fruit, lobes not
decurrent. WiglU Ic. 1987-88; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 602.
300 XXV. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Tliiselton Dyer.) [Ancistrocladus,
Western Pemnsula ; from the Concan to Travancor.
Leaves 6-11 by 2-3 in., sessile, elliptic-oblong, subacute, rather abruptly narrowed
below, lateral veins remote and inc<inspicuoiis with loose reticulations between. Enlarged
calyx-lobes in fruit 1{ in., spathulate, with numerous subparallel nervules.
4. A, pinang'ianus, Wall. Cat. 1054 ; panicle repeatedly 2-diotomous,
divisions slender, calyx-tube furrowed exceeded by the conical apex of the
fruit lobes decurrent. Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 318 ; A. DC.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 603.
Pexang, Porter; Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib, Banca.
Leaves 5-11 by 2-34 i^^-i sessile, obovate-oblong, subobtuse, rather abruptly narrowed
below, upper surface faintly reticulate. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx-lobes obloug-
cuaeate, obtuse, sparingly nerved.
** Leaves more than 4 times as long as wide.
5. A. Wallichii, Planch, in Ann. *bc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 319 ; panicle ter-
minal or on short slender lateral branchlets 2-3 times 2-chotomous, bracts
solitary ovate acute denticulate. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 602. A. extensus?
in jjait Wall. Cat. 1052 (2). A. stelligerus, Wall. Cat. 1053 ; A. DC. I.e. 603.
Pegu and Tenasserim, Wallich, &c. Silhet, Da SUva. Chittaoong, H.f. & T.
Branches tortuous. Leaves 9-12 by 1^-14 and 10-13 by 2-3 in., sessile, linear or
linear-elliptic, obtusely acuminate or acute, gradually narrowed to the subauricled base,
lateral veins remote, midrib prominent beneath. Panicle about 3 in. long. Eularged calyx-
lobes in fruit subequal, about ^ in. long, oblong-ovate, obtuse, spreading. — PlanclK)n mis-
took the lateral branchlets in imperfect specimens for peduncles. To this species I
refer foliage specimens collected by Drs. Hooker and Thomson in Chittagong.
6. A. Grlffithii, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 318 ; panicle ter-
minal repeatedly 2chotonious divisions ascending slender tiexuous, bracts
in pairs linear acute.
Tknasserim, Griffith, Heifer.
Branches tortuous. Leaves 7-9 by 1-1 ^ in., jinear-obovate, obtusely acuminate,
tapering below into a flat petiole about J in. long. Panicle about 7 in. long.
7. A. attenuatus, Dyer; panicle terminal repeatedly 2-chotomous
with stout divaricate divisions the ultimate ones recurved, bracts solitary,
deltoid acute.
Tenasserim and Andaman Islands, Heifer {Kew Distrib. 724).
Leaves 12-15 by \\-\% in., cuneate-linear, sessile, gradually acuminate, midrib pro-
minent, lateral nerves remote and inconspicuous. Calyx-tube in fruit furrowed, 2 lobes
enlarged, f in. long, narrowly elliptic, obtuse, the rest half as long.
A. 8AGITTAT08, Wall. Cat. 1055, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 603, is a Tetramerista.
.3. AMZSOFTERA, Korth.
Resinous trees. Leaves coriaceous, entire, feather-veined and finely reti-
culate ; stipules small, fugacious or inconspicuous. Flowers in lax terminal
panicles. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the base of the ovary, segments
imbricate, then subvalvate. Stamens go ; anthers ovoid with a long subulate
connective, outer valves larger. Ovary 3- (rarely 4-5-) celled ; style fleshy,
ovoid or oblong, with an attenuate 3-5-fid apex ; ovules 2 in each cell.
Capsvle adnate to the calyx-tube, indehiscent, 1 -seeded, crowned by the
accrescent calyx-segments, of which 2 form linear wings. Cotyledons fleshy,
Anisoptera,] xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 301
unequal ; radicle superior,— Distrib. Malay Peninsula, and Archipelago to
New Guinea. Species about 5.
1. A. oblong-a, Di/er.
Mergui, Griffith.
Twigs with smooth pale bark, young parts sparingly furfuraceous with fascicled hairs.
Leaves S^-o by l|-2 in., oblong, or oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, base rounded,
shining above, minutely impress-punctate beneath; lateral nerves 18 pairs; petiole 1 in.';
stipules pubescent. Panicle about 5 in, long. Cah/x-tabe in fruit ^ in, long ; wings
4 in., linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, with 3 oblique, parallel, unequally prominent nerves.
A. GLABRA, Kurz ms. (a native of Birma) is only known to me from the fruit. The
wings are 6 by f in., and the triple nerves are not oblique and are equally prominent.
4. VATICA, Linn.
Small or moderate-sized resinous trees. Leaves coriaceous, entire, feather-
vei?ied and finely reticulate ; stipules small, fugacious or inconspicuous.
Flowers in axillary and terminal panicles, usually tomentose before ex-
pansion. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the base of the ovary ; segments
somewhat acute, imbricate then subvalvate. Stamens 15 ; anthers oblong,
external valves larger, connective apiculate. Ovary 3-celled ; style short,
subulate or apex clavate or capitate, stigma entire or 3-toothed ; ovules 2 in
each cell. Capsule leathery, 3-valved (or indehiscent?), 1-2-seeded, supported
by the spreading accrescent calyx, two segments of which often expand into
linear wings. Cotyledons fleshy.— Distrib. Tropical Asia and Indian Archi-
pelago. Species about 25.
Sect. I. Euvatica. Benth. <k Hook. Fruiting-calyx with 2 wing-like
segments.
1. V. grandiflora, Dyer; leaves 5-8 in. long oblong or oblong-lanceolate
shortly acuminate base rounded lateral nerves 12-15 pairs, petiole | in.
Hopea grandiflora. Wall. Cat. 958 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi, 2, 634. Synaptea
odorata, Griff. Notul. iv. 516, t. 585 A. f. 5, fde Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Btng. 1870, ii, 65. S. grandiflora, Kurz., I.e. Anisoptera odorata, Kurz in
Megensb. Flora, 1872, 190.
Martaban, Tenasserim, and Singapore, Wallich, &c.
Young parts densely furfuraceous with tawmy fascicled hairs. Leaves 2-2i in. broad.
Panicles i-i the length of the leaves. Calyx-segments oblong, acute. Petals with pale
brown tomentum ex'ernally in bud, pink. Ovary tomentose; stigma capitate, 3-lobed.
Fruit-wings 2| by 4 in., linear-oblanceolate, abruptly contracted below, 5-nerved,
2. V. fag'inea, Dyer ; leaves about 4| in. long elliptic-oblong subobtuse
base tapering or rounded lateral nerves about 10 pairs, petiole ^ in. Hopea
faginea, Wall. Cat. 963.
Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith, Heifer.
A bush or small tree ; the young parts with pale tomentum. Leaves 14-2 in. broad.
Panicles lax, 4~§ the length of the leaves, occasionally contracted. Calyx-segments
obhmg-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals tomentose externally in bud, blood-red. Fruit-wings
14-21^ by I in., linear-elliptic or -lanceolate, base more or less contracted, ^-nerved. —
Not sharpl} distinguished from V. gran^ijlora except by the difference in fables and
the smaller loliage.
.3. V. scaphula, Dyer ; leaves 4-6^ in. long elliptic-oblong apex shortly
acuminate or obtuse base rounded laterrd nerves about 16, petiole |-1| in.
Hopea scaphula, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Flor. hid. ii. 611.
302 XXV. DiPTEROCARPEiE.. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Vatiea.
Chittagong coast at Mascal Island, Roxb.
A tree ; twigs pale brown, glabrous, vonng parts with pale grey tomentum. Leaves
lf-2| in. broad, glabrous on both surfaces, paler beneath, midrib prominent. Panicle
6 in. ; pedicels ^ in. Flowers f in. diam. Calyx-segments with dense hairy tomentum.
Petals glabrescent externally, white.
4. V. KCaingrayl, Dyer ; leaves about 3^-5 in. long oblong or oblong-
obovate abruptly acuminate base rounded, lateral nerves 12 pairs, petiole
I- If in.
Malacca, Maivgay.
Young parts with rusty furfuraceous tomentum. Leaves lJ-2 in. broad. Panicles
rather dense, fully ^ shorter than the leaves. Cahjx-seyments oblong-lanceolate. Fruit-
wings 2 by ^ in., linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, scarcely contracted at the base.
5. V. Kelferl, Dyer ; leaves 4^-5^ in. long oblong obtuse base cordate
under surface cluthed with minut^ tomentose cauescence lateral nerves.
12 pairs, petiole \ in.
Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Heifer.
Young parts of inflorescence and pedicels with pale-brown soft pnberulence. Leaver
2^-3 in. broad, midrib and veins rather proiuiiicnt beneath. Panidea about 6 in., ter-
minal, narrow. Calyx and petals in bud clothed with silky pubescence. Fruit un-
known.
Sect II. Zsauxis, Am. Fruiting-calyx with equal segments.
6. V. lanceaefolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 31 ; young parts pnlvendent
but soon glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate base tapering paler
beneath lateral nerves 15 pairs, ascending. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, fil8.
V. canaca, Ham. in Wall. Cot. 4405 B. Vateria lanceolaria, Roxh. Hart.
Bevci. 42 1 V. lanceaefolia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 601 ; Wi(jht Hi. i. 88. V. lanceo-
lata, Roxh. [hy error), W. <k A. Prodr. 84 ; Wall. Cat. 4405. Ketinodendron
lanceaefolium, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesck. Bot. 50. Seidlia lanceaefolia, Kodel^
ally, tiled, pharm. Flora 1945 {fix DC. Prodr.).
Eastern Himalaya and Eastern Bengal and Silhet, Wallich; Khasia Mts.
Assam and Bhotan, Griffith, &c.
A middle-sized tree. Leaves 7-11 by 2-2 i in. ; petiole i in. Panicles | the length
of the leaves. Flowers fragrant. Cahjx-st gments ovate, acute. Petals | in., cuneate
white. Ovary pubescent ; stigma clavate, 3-toothed. Capsule ovoid.
7. V. Rozburg'hiana, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 31, t. 7 ; young parts with
lepidote cauescence, leaves lanceolate acute base rounded or retuse, lateral
nerves 10 pairs. Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 214 ; Thwaites Enum. 404; A. DC.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 618. V. chinensis, Linn. ; Smith Ic. ined. t. 36 ; DC. Prodr.
i. 517. Vateria Roxburghiana, Wight III. i. 88; Ic. t. 26.
Western Peninsula ; from Canara southwards. Ckylon, Thwaites.
Leaves 4i-8i by lJ-3 in. ; petiole 1 i-2 in. Panicles axillary, ^-i the length of the
leaves. Calyx-segments ovate-deltoid, acute, in fruit nearly % in long, lanceolate
{Stigma 6-dentate, Blume) Capsule ovoid, ultimately globose, 3-sulcate. — A frag-
mentary specimen collected by Griffith at Mogoung, Birma, appears to belong to this
species.
8. V, pallida, Dyer; young parts hoary, leaves narrowly elliptic or
linear-elliptic or oblanceolate cordate-acuminate base acute or obtuse
lateral nerves about 9 ascending curved midrib prominent above.
Penang, Maingay.
A small tree, twigs slender, slightly fiexuose, pale-barked. Leaves J>-1 by 1-2 in.
Vatica.] XXV. dipterocarpe^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 303
olive-coloured, shining above, pale and opaque beneath; petiole ^ in., thickened.
Panicles 1-1 i in., mostly axillary. Cahix-seij merits narrowly-deltoid, acute, at len:^th
deflexed, pubescent. Petals pubescent externally. Anthers apiculate. Ovary pubes-
cent; style 2^^ in., stigma capitate, lobulate. Fruit unknown. — ^Notwithstanding the
deflexed calyx this species appears to find its most natural position here.
9. V, affinls, Thwaites Enum. 404 ; young parts nigrescent nearly-
glabrous, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate base rounded
lateral nerves about 6 pairs ascending curved, midrib prominent above.
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 619. Isauxis Roxburghiana, Tkwaites Enum. 37, not
of Wight.
C'Ei'LON ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites.
A large tree. Leaves 4^-5.^ by 2-3 in., both surfaces glabrous, shining above, paler
beneath; petiole 1 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, ^-\ the length of the leaves;
pedicels and buds pubescent. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, in fruit ovate 3-nerved.
10. V. scabriuscula, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620; young parts with
tawny stellate pubescence, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate
base obtuse lateral nerves about 25 pairs spreading the alternate ones
fainter. Vateria (Stemonoporus) scabriuscula, Thwaites Enum. 404.
Ceylon ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thivaites.
A large tree. Leaves 4:^^-bh by \\-2 in., on young shoots 11 by 2^ in., glabrous
above, scabrid beneath, midrib channelled above, very prominent beneath ; petiole
J-f in. Liflorescence axillary and terminal, racemose ; bracts caducous, ovate, acute,
palely tomentuse. Anthers with a few scattered hairs. Style cyhndric, slender, trun-
cate. — I have only seen immature flowers of this, but the anthers perfectly agree with
Vatica and are unhke those of Vateria.
11. V. ? disticlia, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620 ; young twigs with minute
tawny appressed pubescence, leaves oblong strongly acuminate base
rounded, lateral nerves about 10 faint ascending. Vateria (Stemonoporus)
disticlia, Thwaites Enum. 404.
Ceylon ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites.
A large tree. Leaves 5 by 1^-2 in., glabrous above, glabrescent beneath, coriaceous,
lateral nerves slightly prominent, midrib channelled above ; petiole \ in. Panicles
axillary and terminal, imbricate-bracteate when young; bracts ^ in., distichous, ovate,
ciliate, the lowest with appressed fulvous pubescence, the uppermost glabrous. — The
stamens appear to agree with Vatica, and according to De Candolle are apiculate.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
v.? (Isauxis) cordifolia, Thw. Enum. 4:04: and 39 {Monoporandra). Foliage only
known. Leaves b-l\ by 2-4 in., oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute, base obliquely cor-
date, lateral nerves about 7 pairs ; petiole ^-f in — Ceylon ; Atakalan Corle, Thwaites.
5. SKOREA, Roxb.
Glabrous, mealy, or pubescent resinous trees. Leaves entire or subrepand,
feather- veined, with the intermediate reticulations often inconspicuous ;
stipules large coriaceous and persistent, or minute and fugacious. Flowers
in axillary or terminal lax cymose panicles ; bracts persistent, caducous or
0. Calyx-tiihe very short, adnate to the receptacle ; segments ovate or
lanceolate, imbricate. Stamens 15 or 20-100 ; anthers ovate or oblong,
rarely linear ; connective subulate-cuspidate, rarely inappendiculate ; valves
obtuse, rarely cuspidate, equal or the outer slightly larger. Ovary
3-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; style subulate, stigma entire or 3-toothed. Capsule
leathery, indehiscent (or 2-valved ?), usually 1-seeded, closely surrounded
S04 XXV. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Tliiselton Dyer.) [Shorea.
by the bases of the accrescent calyx-segments 3 or more rJirely all of which
are developed into 10-veined linear wings. Cotifledons tle?hy, unequal,
usually inclosing the superior radicle. Distrib. — Tropical Asia and Indian
Archipelago ; species about 40.
Sect. I. Fentacme. A. DC. Anthers linear, valves cuspidate.
1. S. siamensis, 3fiq. Ann. Mm. Bot. i. 214; A. DC. Prodr. xvu
2,631. Pentacme suavis, ^. i)C. I.e. 626. P. siamensis, Kurz in Journ,
Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1870; 2, 66. Hopea (Shorea?) suava, Wall. Cat. 959.
Martaban, Wallich; Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Lobh; Pegu, Kurz. — Distrib.
Si am,
A shrub 10 ft., leafless during^inflorescence; branchlets with smooth greyish bark.
Leaves 5-6 by 3 -4 in., oblnn:^ or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, base truncate or
cordate, glabrous above and beneath, lateral nerves 15 pairs, scarcely prominent ;
petiole 1-1 i in. Panicles 6-9 in., axillary ami terminal, lax, branches divaricate;
pedicels \ in. Plowcrs sweet-scented. Cah/.r segments ^ in., ovate, acute, glabrous,
niarfrins ciliolate. Petals /n- in., pale citron colour. Stamens 15, filaments very short ;
anthers J in. long, lobes slii^htly unequal, connective with a subulate prolongation, ulti-
mately bent outwards. Style ^\ in., filiform. Capsule indehiscent, ovoid ; pedicel
dilated; bases of fruiting calyx-segments ovate, thickened, glabrous; wings 3 in.,
linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 7-nerved. — Of Ht>pea suavis, Kurz, Andamans Report, I
have only seen leaves. They do not belong to this species.
Sect. II. Ajithers oblong, valves obtuse.
♦ Stamens 12-15.
2. S. stellata, Dyer; cal)rx-segraents equally developed into wings or
2 slightly shorter. Parashorea stellata, Karz in Jouni. Asiat. Soc. Seng.
1870, 2, 66.
Martaban, Brandis; Birma, Kurz.
A large glabrous tree. Leaves 4J by IJ in., ovate or lanceolate, acute or apiculate.
Fhicers in panicles of cymose racemes, white, (^apfiule f in. Ions:, obovoid, tawny-
tonieiitos*^ ; wings 4i by f in., linear-oblanceolafe, ohtuse, tapering to a very ob-
scurely dilated base ^ in. long, strongly 7-nerved, puberulous. — The subequal accrescence
of the sepals occurs also in S. robu^ta, and appears to me of no value as a generic
distinction.
** Stanie7is 15.
t Flowers pedicelled.
3. S. floribunda, Kurz, ms ; leaves rather narrowly-oblong shortly
acuminate, panicles terminal or lateral from the axils of fallen leaves,
flowers rather crowded, calyx-segments narrowly deltoid-ovate glabrous
dark-coloured. S. robusta, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628 {not of Goertn.). Hopea
floribunda, Wall. Cat. 964.
Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez.
Glabrous; branchlets with pale brown bark. Leaves about 3.J by 1-lJ in., hardly
mature at the time of flowering, base rounded ; lateral nerves about 15-20 pairs ; petiole
^-f in. Ptdtcels i in. Floicers rather larger than in S. Talura. Calyx-segments
glabrous, ciliolate. Anthers with a very long seta. — Fruit unknown, but this and the
next species are evidently clo.sely allied. It has nothing to do with S. robusfa, to which
A. De Candolle can have referred it only through some contusion of specimens.
4. S. Talura, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 618 ; leaves elliptic or
oblong to ovate- elliptic, panicles terminal or lateral from the axils of fallen
Shorea.] xxv. dipterocarpe^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 305
leaves lax, calyx segments deltoid linear glabrous not dark coloured.
S. laccifera, Heyne ex Wall. Cat. 967; A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 630. S. Rox-
burgliii, Don Gen. Syst. i. 813. S. robusta, Roth. nov. sp. 221 {not of
Gwrtn.). Vatica laccifera, W.& A. Prodr. 84 ; Wight. Ic. 164.
Western Peninsula ; forests of Mysore and Malabar.
Glabrous, except the pubescent buds ; branchlets with smooth pale brown bark.
Leaves 3^-4^ by 2-2J in., acute or retuse and mucronulate, base rounded or emar-
ginate, margins undulate, lateral nerves about 12-15 pairs; petiole ^-1 in. Pedicels
4 in. Flowers 1 in. diam., pinkish white. Calyx-segments glabrous, margins ciliolate.
Anthers with a long seta. Bases of fruiting calyx-segments | in. long, obovate ;
wings 3 by | in., elliptic-linear, obtuse, with about 10 slender parallel nerves. — Yields
a kind of lac.
tt Flowers sessile or nearly so.
5. S. leprosula,'if{5. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. L 487 ; leaves oblong very
shortly acuminate, panicles terminal or axillary, branches small unilateral
racemose, calyx-segments ovate pubescent. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 631.
Malacca, Maingay. — Di.strib. Sumatra.
Young parts and under surface of the leaves densely tawny-puberulous. Leaves about
4-5 by 1|-2| in., shining above, lateral nerves about 14 pairs, prominent beneath;
petiole 4 iri' Panicle about 4 in. Flowers sessile. Anthers cuspidate. {Ooary
glabrous; style filiform, stigma urceolate. Maingay.) {Fruit-wings spathulate obtuse.
Miq.)
6. S. parvifolia, Dyer; leaves oblong-elliptic to ovate-acuminate,
panicles terminal lax, flowers with deciduous bracts, calyx-segments ovate
pubescent.
Malacca, Maingay.
Young parts hoary, puberulous. Leaves 2-2 J by 1-14 i°-> I'^'Se rounded, glabrescent
beneath, lateral nerves about 15 pairs; petiole \ in. Panicles about 5 in. Flowers
sessile, 4 or 5 together ; bracts fully ^ in. long, broadly elliptic, obtuse. {Petals \ in.
long. Anthers apiculate. Ovary pilose ; style slender, shorter than the ovary, stigma
scarcely lobed. Maingay.) Fruit unknown.
7. S. acuminata, Dyer ; leaves ovate to lanceolate strongly acuminate,
panicles terminal lax, branches unilateral, bracts very fugacious, calyx-
segments ovate pubescent.
Malacca, Maingay.
Young parts tavsrny-puberulous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 i"-> l^^se rounded or emar-
ginate, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves about 8 pairs, scarcely
prominent; petiole h, in. Panicles about 6 in. long, with tufts of enlarged bracts occa-
sionally terminating the branches. Floivers sessile, {Petals ^% in. long. Anthers
shortly appendiculate. Ovary minutely pilose, tapering into the short filiform style,
fttigma minutely lobed. Maingay.) Fruit unknown,
8. S. bracteolata, Dyer ; leaves more or less narrowly oblong-elliptic
shortly acuminate, panicles terminal lax, branches flexuose, flowers each
with a pair of bracts, calyx-segments narrowly deltoid puberiilous.
Malacca, Maingay.
Young parts glabrescent. Leaves ^\-h\ by 14-2 J in., base roimded, glabrous on both
surfaces, lateial nerves 12-15 pairs, scarcely prominent; petiole 4-* ^^- Panicles
6-9 in. long. Flowers subsessile ; bracts ^ in. long, elliptic-lanceolate. Calyx
segments \ in. long. /Stamens cuspidate. Stigma simple. Bases of fruiting calyx
segments 4 in. long, ovate with 3 gibbosities at the bottom; wings 34 % 4 ^''^•j hnear
subacute, with 9 parallel nerves,
VOL. I. X
306 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Tliiselton Dyer.) [Shorea.
* Stamens ^0-^.
9. S. robusta, Gcertn. f. Fruct. iii. 48, t. 186; leaves ovate-oblong
acuminate base cordate glabrous lateral nerves about 12 pairs, panicles
terminal or axillary lax, stamens 50. Moxb. Fl. hid. ii. 615; Cor. PL iii.
312 ; Wall. Cat. 9(^5 ; A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 628 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 4.
Vatica robusta, Steud. Nam. Ed. 2.
Tropical Himalaya, and along its base from Assam to the Sutlej. Eastern districts
of Centkal India, Western Bengal hili.s.
A very large tree, but often occuiring in a stunted form. Leave* 6-10 by 4-6 in. ;
petiole |-1 in. ; stipules \ in., falcate, pubescent. Paidcles 5-9 in. long, clothed as
well as the flowers with pale velvety pubescence, branches unilateral, .racemose.
Flowers subse.shile. Petals about { in. long, pale yellow, tapering upwards, 12-13-
rerved. Antlters with a bearded appendage. Ovary pubescent ; stigma 3-deniiculate.
Fruitivg-calyx with the segments sometimes subequal, bases ^ in., ovate, pubescent;
wings 24 in., linear, obtuse, 10-nerved. — The Sal tree; the wood is very generally used
in Bengal and it ranks next to teak ; the resin-dammer is extensively used as a sub-
stitute for pitch.
10. S. obtusa, WalL Cat. 966 ; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong obtuse
base obtoise or en)arginate pubescent on the nerves and in their axils
beneath lateral nerves about 15 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens 20-25.
Blume Mas. Bot. ii. 32, t. 8; A.JJC Frodr. xvi. 2, 629. S. leucobotrya,
Mi/ji. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 215. Vatica obtusa, Steud. Novi. Ed. 2.
Martaban, WuUieh; PEac, M'Clelland, &c. ; Tenasserim, at Mouhnein, Heifer. —
DiaTRiB. 8iam.
Leaves 4-6 by 1^-3 in., often un^-ymmetrical, glabrescent above, subrepand; petiole
4-J in. Panicles 2-4 in. long, clothod as well as the (lowers with hoary pubescence,
racemose. Flowers subsessile. Pttalt ^l^ in. long. Anthers with a bearded appen-
dage. Ovary pubescent. Banes of the sigments of the fridtiny-cahjx ^ in. long, rather
shorter than the pubescent capsule, ovate-oblong, pubescent ; wings 2 4 by 4 in- liuear-
oblanceolate, glabrescent, 9-nerved.
11. S. serlcea, Dyer ; leaves elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate scabrous
beneath lateral nerves about 20 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens 50,
anthers inappendiculate.
Malacca, Maingay.
A very large d am nier-p reducing tree (Maivgay) ; young parts, nerves of the leaves
beneath and inflorescence covered with ru^ty meal intermixed with fascicles of short
hairs. Leaves 44-7 by 1|-2| in., polished above, lateral nerves very prominent be-
neath; petiole i-J in- Panicles about 6 in. long, ultimate branches racemose, uni-
lateral. Ftotr£rs sessile; buils cloihed with tawny silky hairs. Anthers with the lobes^
subequal. Stigma 3-lobed. Frviting-calyx with immature accrescent segments, clothed 4
m\ both surfaces with soft yellow down.
12. S. Tumbug-^aia, Foxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 617; leaves
ovate or oblong-conliform acuminate base truncate or emarginate glabrous
on both surfaces lateral nerves about 8 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens
about 30. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 630 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. 26.
S. penicillata, A. DC. I.e. 630. Vatica Tumbuggaia, W. i: A. Frodr. 84 ;
Wight Ic. t. 27.
Western Peninsula ; forests of Cudapah and Palghaut in Mysore, Wtr/ht, &c.
A gigantic dammer-producing tree. Leaves 24-8 by 14-4i in. {Beddome) ; petiole
1-2 in. Panicles 8 in. long, hoary or nearly glabrous. Flowers shortly .pedicelled ;
buds densely hoary. Anthers with a hairy appendage. Stigma 3-lobulate. Capsule f in.
long, ovoid, acuminate, pubescent above; bases of fruiting calyx-segments 4 in. long,
©vate, hoary ; wings ll-lf by J in., spathulate, obtuse, 8-10-nerved. — There can be no
Shorea.] xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer,) . 307
doubt as to the identity of this species. Koxburgh states the number of stamens to be
100, but this is clearly an error.
13. S.^oblongrifolia, Thwaites Enum.. 36 ; leaves oblong shortly acu-
minate base truncate or emarginate both surfaces glabrous^ lateral nerves
about 15 pairs, panicles terminal or axillary, stamens 80-100. A. DC.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 629.
Ceylon ; Southern districts of the Island, Thwaites.
A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by l|-24 in. ; petiole A-f in. Panicles 6 in. long, race-
mose, hoary. Flowers yellow, odorous, shortly pedicelled; buds densely hoary.
Anthers with a terminal bristle about their own length and two minute lateral ones.
Capsule I in. long, ovoid, silky-pubescent ; bases of the fruiting calyx-segments 4
as long as the capsule, oblong, gibbous, puberulent ; wings 2 by | in., spathulate,
obtuse.
14. S. lissophylla, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves oblong-cordiform
slightly acuminate base emarginate both surfaces glabrous lateral nerves
about 7 pairs prominent beneath, panicles small terminal or axillary,
stamens about 35. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 630.
Ceylon; Hinidoon Pattoo and Singhe-rajah Forest, Thwaites.
A large tree, twigs black when dry. Leaves 3-5 by li-S in. ; petiole ^-\ in., rugose.
Panicles about 3 in. long, racemose, glabrous. Flowers shortly pedicelled ; buds hoary.
Anthers bearded. Fruit unknown.
15. S. stipularls, Thwaites Enum. "iQ ; leaves oblong shortly acuminate
or subobtuse base rounded coriaceous both surfaces glabrous midrib chan-
nelled above very promment beneath lateral nerves about 15 pairs. A. DC.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 631.
Ceylon ; between Katnapoora and Galle, Thwaites.
A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2-4 in.; stipules ^-1 by ^-§ in., ovate, suhobhque, with
numerous slender nerves, very persistent; petiole 1^-H ^'^- Flowers unknown. Capsule
subconic, smooth; (winged calyx-segments 5-54 by li ^^t 11-14-nerved, Thwaites).
16. S. assamica, Dyer; leaves broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong very
shortly acuminate base rounded both surfaces glabrous midrib cliannelled
above lateral nerves about 17 pairs hispid beneath rather prominent above.
Upper Assam ; banks of the Duhing river, 0. Mann.
Young twigs thinly pendulous. Leaves about 34 by If in., shining above. Flowers
unknown. Capsule | in., ovoid, acuminate, glabrous; bases of the fruiting calyx-
segments about 4 as long as the capsule, broadly ovate, gibbous ; wings 4 by | in.,
linear, subacute, about 12-nerved,
17. S. gratissima, Dyer ; leaves elliptic acuminate base acute both
surfaces glabrous margins undulate lateral nerves about 14 pairs incon-
spicuous, panicles terminal and axillary,. stamens 20-25. Hopea gratissima,
Wall. Cat. 960.
Singapore, Wallich.
Branchlcts slender. Leaves 24-4 by 1|-14 in.; petiole |-1 in. Panicles 3-6 in.,
glabrous, black when dry. Flower-buds hoary ; pedicels about ^V in- Anthers with a
terminal seta.
18. S. reticulata, Thwaites ms. ; leaves lanceolate with a long acumi-
nate point base acute shining above glabrous beneath margins undulate
lateral nerves about 10 pairs hardly prominent beneath.
Ceylon.
Twigs slender, pale. Leaves 3-4 by If in. ; petiole | in., decurved. Flowers un-
X2
308 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Shorea.
known. Bases of the frviting calyx-segments lanceolate, gibbous, puberulous ; wings
14 by 4 in., linear, obtuse, glabrous, 8-nerved.
19. S. macroptera, Dyer ; leaves narrowly oblong acuminate base
obtuse somewhat coriaceous shining above glabrous beneath lateral nerves
about 10 pairs rather prominent beneath, panicles terminal.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo.
Twigs puberulous, dark-brown. Leaves Ar-b by If in., cbocolate-coloured when dry ;
petiole 4 in., rugose. Flowers sessile. Capsule {immnXnTe) ^ in. long; bases of the
fruiting calvx-aegments equalling the capsule, ovate, bordered by the decurrent margins
of the wing; wings 5-6 by |-1 in,, hnear, obtuse, 1()- nerved, glabrescent.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Shorea longisperma, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 93 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 618. Parashorea longi-
spernia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 66. Prince of Wales' Island. Without
description.
6. KOPEA, Eoxb.
Glabrous or hoary-tomentose resinous trees. Leaves quite entire, firm,
inconspicuously feather-veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous.
Flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled, ebracteate, in lax panicles of unilateral
racemes. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the rece])tacle, segments obtuse,
imbricate. IStamens 15, or rarely 10, slightly connate; anthers ovate, con-
nective subulate-cuspidate, valves obtuse equal. Ovai-y 3-celled, the cells
2-ovuled; style shortly cylindric or subulate. Nut 1-seeded, closely sur-
rounded by the bases of the accrescent calyx- segments, 2 of which are
developed into linear wings. Embryo as in chorea. — Distrib. of SJiorea ;
species about 35. — The separation of this genus from iShorea is somewhat
artificial
* Panicles palely tomentose.
1. K. odorata, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; FL Ind. ii. 609 ; leaves ovate- or
lanceolate-oblong acute or obtusely acuminate lateral nerves about 12 pairs
rather weak their axils often glandular, anthers oblong appendage a!bout
the same length. A. DC Prodr. xvi. 2, 632. H. faginea, Hm^t. Cole, ex
Herb. Lemann. {not of Wall.). H. eglandulosa, Koxb. Hort. Beng. 42 ;
Fl. Ind. ii. 611 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634. H. decandra, Buck, ex Wight
III. 83. fl. Wiglitiana, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack. 320, {jwt of Wall).
Rangoon, Pegu, Martaban and Tenasserim.
A large tree ; branchlets dark brown, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by H-2 in., base rounded
often suboblique, margins undulate, firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole | in.
Flowers sweet-scented, buds about 5 in., very shortly pedicelled. Calyx-segments
ovate, obtuse. Petals yellow. Nut \ in., ovoid, apiculale, glabrous ; wings of fruiting
cal.vx-segments linear, obtuse, tapering to an oblong base 5^ in.
Var. 1. odorata jyroper, Wall. Cat. 961 (sp.) ; panicle { as long as the leaves rather
dense, wings of fruiting calyx-segments 1^ by |-| in., 7-9-nerved. Boxb. Cor. PI. iii,
t. 210; Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 75, t. 7, f. 15-21.— Mergui, Griffith.
Var. 2. vasta, Wall. Cat. 926 (sp.) ; leaves gradually tapering opaque above, panicles
equalling the leaves rather lax, wings of fruiting calyx-segments If by f-l^ in., 9-13-
nerved. — Rangoon to Mergui.
2. K. parviflora, Beddome Flor. Syhat, t. 7 {by error t, 6) ; Gen. xxvii. m
art; Ind. For. Rep. 1863-4, with plate ; leaves ovate or oblong acute
ateral nerves about 10 pairs often forked their axils often glandular, tips of
fa
Jlopea.] XXV. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 309
petals dilated and crisped, anthers suborbicular, appendage about half as
long again.
Malabar and S. Canara ; ascending to 3500 ft., Beddome.
A large tree ; branchlets reddish -brown, slightly glaucescent. Leaves about 3^ by
14 in., firm, base acute or rounded, margins slightly undulate, glabrous on both sur-
faces, nerves pale beneath ; petiole ^ in. Flower-huds about J in., tomentose, very
shortly pedicelled, calyx-segments lanceolate, obtuse. Fruit unknown.
3. K, long'ifolia, Dyer; leaves linear-lanceolate obtuse lateral nerves
about 10 pairs very oblique their axils often glandular, tips of petals crisped,
anthers suborbicular appendage about half as long again. H. parviflora,
Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxvii., in part.
South Carnatic, near Tinnivelly, Beddome.
A large tree ; branchlets brown. Leaves 5-7 by 1-1^ in., firm, base acute, margins
slightly undulate, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole | in. Flower-huds -^ in., tomen-
tose, shortly pedicelled. Calyx-segments ovate, acute. Fruit unknown.
** Panicles glabrous (except sometimes in H. micrantha).
4. XZ. Wig'litlana, Wall. Cat. 6295 ; branchlets pale softly pubescent at
length glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse or acute lateral nerves
about 10 pairs, panicles racemose axillary 1-6 together shorter than the
leaves, calyx-segments glabrous. W. (h A. Frodr. 85; Wight III. t. 37 ;
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 633.
Western Peninsula, Wight; Concan, Stocks.
Leaves 5-8 by l|-3 in., firm, base acute rounded or emarginate, glabrous on both
surfaces, opaque above, nerves oblique, curved, rather prominent above ; petiole 4 in.,
stout, pubescent. Bracts -^ in., lanceolate, acute. Buds about \ in., very shortly
pedicelled. Calyx-segments lanceolate, obtuse. Petals pubescent externally. Anthers
with an appendage 4 times their length. Nut 4 in., ovoid, apiculate, glabrous ; bases
of fruiting calyx-segments scarcely distinct, gibbous, wings l|-24 by 4-| in-> linear or
elliptic-linear obtuse, about 9-nerved, usually tinged with red. — The inflorescence is
often diseased and condensed into a globular mass ; this is Artocarpus lancecefolia,
Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 527, ex Miquel, in Herb. Hoheuack. 796 a.
5. K. g'labra, W. dc A. Prodr. 85 ; branchlets dark-coloured glabrous,
leaves lanceolate obtuse or shortly acuminate lateral nerves about 8 pairs,
panicles 1-3 together, racemes axillary about equalling the leaves, calyx-
segments glabrous.
Western Peninsula, Wight ; Southern Carnatic, at Tinnivelly, Beddome.
Leaves about 4 by 1^ in,, base acute or obtuse, glabrous and rather shining on both
surfaces, nerves oblique curved and prolonged parallel to the margins slightly prominent
above ; petiole 4 in., rugose. Bracts nearly ^ in., lanceolate, obtuse. Flower-buds
very shortly pedicelled. Calyx-segments ovate, obtuse. Petals pubescent. Anthers
orbicular, appendage about 3 times as long. Fruit unknown.
6. K. oblongrifolla, Dyer ; branchlets pale compressed, leaves oblong
shortly acuminate lateral nerves about 10 pairs, panicles racemose axillary
(rarely two together) about half as long as the leaves, calyx-segraents
glabrescent.
Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith.
Leaves about 7 by 24 in., firm, base obtuse, glabrous and rather opaque on both sur-
faces ; nerves oblique, scarcely curved, inconspicuous above ; petiole 4 »i-. glabrous.
Bracts minute, about equalling the very short pedicels. Calyx-segments ovate, acute.
Petals pubescent. Anthers orbicular with an appendage 4 ^mes their length. Fruit
unknown.
310 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hopea.
7. K. G-riffitlill, Kurz ms. ; branchlets slightly lepidote at length
glabrous, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate obtuse lateral nerves about
10 pairs evanescent, panicles axillary less than half the length of the leaves,
calyx- segments glabrous.
Tenasserim ; Mergui, Griffith.
Brandies dark-barked, with pale striae. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in., firm, base acute,
glabrous on both surfaces, midrib proinineut below; petiole ^ in., slender. Bracts
minute, -shorter than the ppdicels, lanceolate, acute. Flower-buds ^ in., shortly pedi-
celled. Petals palely pubescent. Ant}i,er8 suborbicular, appendage about twice as long.
Fruit unknown.
8. K. micrantha, FTook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 160; branchlets
dark-coloured minutely lepidote, leaves elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-
acuminate obtuse lateral nerves very numerous evanescent, panicles terminal
or axillary less than ^ the length of the leaves hoary-pubescent, calyx-
segments varnished. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo.
A very lofty tree. Leaves 2-24 hy |-1J in., coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces,
midrib prominent above and beneath; petiole 4 in., puberident. Flo^cers -^ in., pedi-
cels fully -^Tf in. Petals palely pubescent. Anthers HuborUicular, appendage about as
long. Nut conical ; bases of fruiting calyx-segments \ in. long with two gibbosities at
the bottom, wings 14 in. oblanceolate, obtuse, 9-uerved.
9. K. discolor, Thwaites Ejiiim. 36 ; branchlets dark-coloured slightly
pruinose, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate obtuse reddish-brown
beneath lateral nerves about 5 pairs depressed above, panicles axillary
sometimes 2-3 together about -\ the length of the leaves, calyx-segments
glabrous. A. DC Prodr. xvi. 2, 633.
Ceylon ; Saffragam and Ambagamowa districts, at no great elevation, Thicaites.
A large tree. Leaves 2-3 by |-1 in. ; petiole J in. Panicle bright red ; pedicels
^ in. Petals yellow, palely puberulous. Anthers suborbicular, appendages three times
their length. Nut | in., conical, acute, glabrous ; bases of Iruiting calyx-segments ^ in.
lanceolate; wings 14-3 by ^-^ in.; oblanceolate, obtuse, 7-nerved.
10. K. racophlcBa, Dyer ; branchlets brown, leaves ovate shortly
caudate-acuminate base acute lateral nerves about 4 pairs oblique curved
about equally prominent on both surfaces with large axillary glands,
panicles terminal or axillary exceeding the leaves.
Malabar; Wynaad forests, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome.
A large tree, the bark peeling oft' in adherent scales (Beddome). Leaves 4-4^ by
2-24 in., firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole | in. slender. Bases of fruiting
calyxseijments minute, scarcely distinct, thickened, gibbous; wings 3 by 1 in., oblong,
tip truncate or rounded inconspicuously 10-nerved, reddish. — Nearly allied to the Ceylon
ff.jucunda.
11. K, jucunda, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; branchlets dark purplish-
brown, leaves ovate or orbicularabruptly acuminate obtuse base rounded or
obtuse lateral nerves about 4 pairs oblique curved slightly depressed above
with large axillary glands, panicles terminal or axillary. A. DC. Prodr. xvi.
2, 633.
Ceylon ; Hinidoon Pattoo, Pasdoon Corle, and Saffragam district, Thwaites.
A large tree. Leaves 14-5 by 1-2^ in., firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole \ in.
transverbely rugose. Flower-buds ^ in. ; pedicels ^j in. Calyx-segments ovate, var-
nished. Petals palelj'-pubescent externally. Antliers with an appendage four times
their length. Frwit unknown.
Var, modestUj DC Prodr. xvi. 2, fi33 ; leaves 1-2 in., branches of the panicle
filiiorm.
Doona.] xxv. DiPTERocARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 311
7. DOONA, Thwaites.
Lofty glabrous and often glaucescent resinous trees, with the habit of
(except in H. nervosa) some species of Hopea. Leaves entire, firm, incon-
spicuously veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous. Flowers
rather small, usually in lax panicles rarely exceeding the leaves. Calyx as
in Hopea. Stamens 15 ; anthers oblong, connective prolonged into a usually
clavate appendage, valves equal. Ovary as in Hopea. Nut 1-seeded. Seed
ovoid with the thin testa .interposed between the folds of the cotyledons ;
radicle superior. — Distrib. Endemic in Ceylon. Species 10.
1. D. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Joum. iii. (1851) t. 12 and iv. 7 ;
Eniim. 34; leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate base deltoid lateral nerves
numerous ascending inconspicuous, pedicels exceeding the calyx. Beddoim
Flor. Sylvat. t. 97 ; ^. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 626.
Ceylon ; Central province, ascending to 4000 ft.
A tree of 60 ft. or more ; branchlets much divided, somewhat flexuose, with smooth
purple-brown bark. Leaver 2-3 by |-1 in., midrib prominent beneath, channelled
above ; petiole ^ in. Panicles 2 in., erect, many-flowered ; bracts small, brown, deci-
duous. Flowers f in. diam., pink ; pedicels ^ in., erect. Outermost calyx-segments
deltoid-ovate, obtuse. Anthers with an appendage about 4 as long, glabrous, varnished.
Nut (immature) ^ in. long, ovoid ; winged fruiting calyx-segments about 1 in, oblan-
ceolate with an ovate base, at first bright red, — Yields a gum resin manufactured into
a varnish,
2. "D. nervosa, Thwaites Enum. 35 ; leaves oblong elliptic or ovate
caudate-acuminate base rounded lateral nerves prominent beneath ascend-
ing, pedicels about equalling the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627.
Ceylon ; Ekualagodde near Ratnapoora, Thivaites.
A large tree ; branchlets dichotomously divided with rather pale brown bark trans-
versely rugose on the ultimate twigs when dry. Leaves 34-44 by 14-2 in,, lateral
nerves about 9 pairs; petiole ^ in. PawicZe 2 in., racemose, 3-6-flowered. Flowers
I in. diam. ; pedicels ^ in. decurved, then erect. Outermost" calyx-segments oblong,
obtuse, glabrous, scarcely varnished. Winged fruiting calyx- segments 1-1 4 in,, oblong
or oblanceolate, tip rounded, base narrow, gibbous.
3. D. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves oblong caudate-acuminate base
rounded lateral nerves inconspicuous ascending, pedicels about equalling
the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627.
Ceylon ; between Ratnapoora and Galle, at no great elevation, Thwaites.
Branchlets dichotomously divided, brown barked. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1 1 in., lateral
nerves about 6 pairs, midrib channelled above ; petiole 4 in. Panicle \\-2 in., peduncled,
subcoryrabose, 6-9-flowered ; pedicels g in., at first decurved. Outermost calyx-seg-
ments oblong, obtuse, glabrous, scarcely varnished. Fruit unknown. — This desci'iption
does' not completely agree with that of Thwaites; it is drawn up from specimens
distributed as D. nervosa ^ C.P. 3712 and referred subsequently {Enum. 402) to this
species.
4. 1>. trapezlfolia, TAz^aiVes Enum. 35; leaves rhomboid-lanceolate
gradually caudate-acuminate base obtuse lateral nerves inconspicuous
spreading, pedicels exceeding the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627.
Ceylon ; Central and Southern provinces ; common, ascending to 1500 ft., Thwaites, &c.
A large tree ; branchlets much divided, bark brown with minute pale warts. Leaves
2^-34 by 1-1^ in., opaque, midrib slightly channelled above, lateral nerves about 12;
petiole 4 ill. Panicle about 14 in., racemose, about 6-flowered. P'iowers 4 in- diam.;
pedicels ^ in. erect. Outermost calyx-segments obloug-lanceolate, obtuse. Nut | in.
iM2 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Djer.) \Doona.
loug; winged fruiting calyx-segments 2 in., linear-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous, base
shorter than the nut, ovate.
5. D. cong-estlflora, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves ovate-lanceolate
gradually acurainate base rounded, flowers very shortly pedicelled in dense
peduncled panicles. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 627.
Ceyj.on ; Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, Thwaites.
A large tree ; brancblets with pale minutely warted bark. Leaves 3-4^ by 1^-2 in.,
firm, midrib slightly channelled above, prominent beneath, lateral nerves about 9 pairs,
scarcely conspicuous, ascending, curved. Peduncle 1 in. Flowers 4 in- diam., pink ;
pedicels -^^^ in. or less. Outermost cahjx-seg merits oblong, obtuse, opaque. Petals
scarcely puberulous, margins ciliolate. Nut \ in. ; winged fruiting calyx-segments 2 in.,
liuear-oblanceolate, obtuse.
6. D. Gardnerl, Thwaiies Enum. 35 ; leaves long-petioled ovate acumi-
nate base rounded, pedicels shorter than the calyx deflexed. BeddUnne
Flf/r. Sylvat. t. 98 ; A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 628.
Ceylon ; Central province between 3-5000 ft.. Walker, &c.
A large tree ; brancblets much divided, slightly flexuose, with smooth purplish brown
bark. Leaves 2-3^ by 1|-1| in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending, incon-
spicuous, midrib channelled above, proniinent beneath ; petiole f-1 in. Panicle 2^-4 in.
racemose. Flowers \ in. diam., pinkish ; pedi<;els \ in. Outermost caljfx-segments
deltoid-oblong, obtuse, shining. Winged fruiting calyx-segments 1^ in., linear-oblan-
ceolate obtuse ; base dilated gibbous, equalling the immature nut.
7. !>• cordifolla, Thvnites Enum. 35; leaves ovate-lanceolate or
oblong shortly caudate-acuminate rounded or cordate at the base, midrib
elevated above, lateral nerves prominent beneath. A. DC. Frodr. xvi
2, 628.
Ceylon ; Pasdoon Corle and Ambagamowa, at no great elevation, Thwaites.
A large tree ; brancblets much divided, flexuose, with dark-coloured bark, fjcaves
4-6 by 1^-2^ in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending, curved; petiole ^ in.,
transversely rugose. Flowers unknown. — The terminal buds appear to be frequently
converted into a curious strobiliform gall resulting from the production of a multitude
of small imperfectly developed leaves.
8. S. macrophylla, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves large oblong obtusely
acuminate base rounded, pedicels about equalling the calyx. A. DC.
Frodr. xvi. 2, 627.
Ceylon ; Hinidoon Pattoo, Thwaites.
A large tree ; brancblets with pale brown stn'ately rugose bark. Leaves 6^-8 by
2^-3 in., pale beneath ; midrib channelled above, prominent beneath, lateral ncirves
about 15 pairs, parallel. Panicle 4-7 in., racemose. Pedicels \ in., deflexed. Calyx-
se^me7i/s elliptic, glabrous. Pe^aZ« ^ in., elliptic, canescent externally. Anthers ^\n.
long, appendage about ^^ iu. Fruit unknown.
9. D. ovalifolia, Thwaiies Enum. 402 ; leaves ovate obtusely caudate-
acuminate base rounded lateral nerves inconspicuous above prominent
beneath ascending, pedicels equalling the calyx. A. DC. Frodr. xvi.
2, 628.
Ceylon ; Saffragam district, Thwaites.
A large tree; brancblets dichotomously divided, somewhat flexuose, with dark brown
bark. Leaves 14-24 by ^-1^ in. ; lateral nerves about 8 pairs ; petiole \ in. Panicles
racemose, axillary or terminal, few-flowered, shorter than or equal to the leaves. Pedicels
deflexed.
Boona.] xxv. dipterocarpe^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 313,
30. D, venulosa, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong
obtusely abruptly acuminate with close and prominent venation above.
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628.
Ceylon ; south of the Island, Thwaites.
A large tree ; branchlets turning black when dry. Leaves 2-3 by l-l^ in. ; lateral
nerves about 7 pairs ; petiole ^-f in. — I have taken these particulars from Thwaites as
1 have seen no specimeus.
8. VATERZA, Linn.
Glabrous tomentose or furfuraceous resinous trees. Leaves entire, firm
or leathery, feather-veined ; stipules deciduous or inconspicuous, rarely
large and persistent. Flowers in terminal lax corymbose or lateral racemose
panicles, or 1-3 on axillary peduncles. Calyx as in IShorea. Stamens 15,
rarely about 50 ; anthers linear or oblong, connective rarely prolonged or
minutely apiculate, external valves equal, or longer, or longer and broader
and rolled inwards at the apex. Ovary as in Shorea. Capsule ovoid or
globose, leathery or fleshy, 1 -seeded, indehiscent, or 3-valved, supported
by the reflexed scarcely accrescent calyx. Cotyledons large, fleshy, unequal,
usually lobed, inclosing the superior radicle. — Distrib. of Shorea ; species
about 17. — A. De Candolle transfers the secticTn Stemonoporus^ which is
endemic in Ceylon, to Vatica. The species, however, have an imbricate
calyx which in fruit completely agrees with that of Vateria.
Sect. T. Poenoe. A. DC. Stamens about 50 ; anther-cells adnate to
the apex of the acuminate connective, external valves much the longer.
1. V. indica, L. ; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 602 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 288 ; W. <k A.
Prodr. 84 ; Wight III. i. 88, t. 36 ; Wall. Cat. 3670 ; Gaertn. f. Fruct. iii.
29, t. 4. V. malabarica, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 29 ; ^. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 624 ;
Beddcmie Fl. Sylvat. t. ^A^.—Rheede Hort. Mai iv. t. 15.
Western Peninsula ; from Canara to Travancor, Wight, &c.
A large tree ; young branchlets and inflorescence stellately canescent. Leaves 5-8
by 2J-3i in,, oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or minutely acuminate, base rounded or
eraarginate, lateral nerves 14 pnirs, slender; petiole 1^ in.; stipules 4 i^-, obliquely
lanceolate, acute. Panicle 6-8 in., terminal, loosely corymbose, branches spreading.
Flowers | in. diam., 1-ranked, erect; pedicels 4 in. Calyx- segments lanceolate, obtuse,
canescent on both surfaces. Petals elliptic-oblong, obtuse, white. Anthers glabrous.
{Capsule 2^ by 1^ in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, fleshy, 3-valved. Boxh.) — Ijinnjeus
clearly intended his name Vateria indica to apply to Eheede's plant. He identified
with this an imperfect specimen in the 4th volume of Hermann's Herbarium now in
the British Museum. What appears to be this specimen is perhaps indeterminable,
but certainly does not belong to iJipterocarpece. The evidence appears to show that
V. acuminata, Hayne, was unknown to Linnaeus, and has therefore no claims to be
identified with V. indica.
Sect. II. Kexnipliractuin. Turcz. Stamens about 50; anther-cells
distinct at the apex, acuminate, valves equal, connective not pro-
longed.
2. V. acuminata, Hayne Arzn. xi. 5 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2 ()fot of
Thw.). V. indica, Thwaites Enum. 37 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 84 ; Blume
Mus. Bot. ii. 29, t. 4 [not of L.). Elseocarpus copalliferus, Betz. Ohs. iv. 27.
Hemiphractum oxyandrum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. 1859, i. 262.
Ceylon ; common in the hotter parts of the Island, ascending to 2000 ft., Thwaites.
A large handsome tree ; young brauches and inflorescence densely covered with
314 XXV. -DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Tliiseltoii Djer.) [Vateria.
sliort caducous ferruginous hairs. Leaves 6-8 by 3 in., elliptic or oblong-lanceolate,
shortly acuminate, base rounded, lateral nerves about 20 pairs, stout; petiole 14 in.;
stipules |-1 in., linear-deltoid, attenuate. Panicle terminal, 8 in., loosely corymbose;
bracteoles ^ in., ovate, obtuse. Flowers 1 in. diam., 1-ranked, erect; pedicels 4 in.
Calyx ferruginous without, cane.scent within. Petals orbicular, acute, white. Anthers
puberulous. {Fruit 4 in, long by 2^-3 in. broad. — Yields a green resin, used in Cinga-
lese superstitious ceremonies. Thwaites.)
Sect. III. Stemonoporus, Thwaites. Stamens 15 ; anthers with the
external valves longer, broader and foiled inwards at the apex.
* Inflorescence panicled.
3. V. ceylanica, Wight III. i. 88 ; leaves elliptic or oblong apiculate
or retuse base rDiinded or slightly acute. V. Wightii, Thiuait^s Enitm.
403. Vatica Wightii, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620. Stemonoporus Wightii,
Thwaites Eniim. 37.
Ceylon ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, and near Palmadoolla, Thoaites.
A large tree; young branches glabrous. Leaves 6-11 by 3-5^ in, both surfaces
{)ale, glabrous; lateral nerves 21 pairs, spreading ; petiole 2^ in. Panicles 3 in. long,
aterai. Flovjers fully 1 in. diam. Calyx glabrescent. Pital)t elliptic, obtuse, sulphur-
yellow. /Stamens with dilated slightly connate filaments ; anthers puberulous, connec-
tive with a short acute apex. /Style subulate, acute. — 1 believe this to be the plant
intended by Wight. The only sheet in his herbarium with this name has clearly been
ticketed in error ; it bears the inflorescence of V. acuminata and the foliage of some
indeterminate plant.
4. V. G-ardneri, Thwaites Ennm. 403 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong,
acuminate base rounded or cordate. Vatica Gardneri, A. DC. Prodr. x\i.
2, (J22. Stemonoporus Gardneri, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. of Bot. 1854, 68,
^. 2 A.
Ckylon; Eambodde, Gardner ; Adams Peak, Thwaites.
A large tree; young parts faintly puberulous. Leaves 3-5 by 2-2^ in., lateral
nerves about 10 pairs, ascending; petiole about | in. Panicles about 2 in. long, nume-
rous, collected towards the ends of the brunches, 5-7-flowered. Flowers f in. diam. ;
pedicels \ in., decurved. Calyx-segments glabrous, ovate, acute. Petals broadly ovate,
white. Stamens connate at the base ; external valves of the aTithers rolled inwards at
the apex, connective not prolonged. Style acute. Fruit globose, 1 in. diam.
5. V. jucunda, Thwaites ms. ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate
gradually acuminate base rounded. V. acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 403.
{not of II ay ne). Vatica acuminata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 622.
Ceylon ; Madamahanewera, Ambagamowa, and Badalla distiicts, Thwaites.
A large tree ; young branches reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by |-2 in.,
midrib very stout, lateral nerves about 12 pairs, ascending. Panicles 2\ in. long,
lateral, racemose, puberulous. Flowers | in. diam. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute.
Petals lanceolate, acute, pale yellow. Stamens and style as in V. Gardneri. — Mature
fruit unknown.
** Peduncles few flowered.
6. V. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves ovate-oblong caudate-acumi-
nate base rounded lateral nerves depressed when dry. Stemonoporus affinis,
Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1854, 68 ; Enum. 38. Vatica Thwaitesii,
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621.
Ceylon ; Hunasgiria district, alt. 4000ft.,77m-mVe».
A large tree. Leaves 3-4^ by 1^-2 in., glabrous, opaque, glaucescent above, scabrid
beneath ; lateral nerves about 10 pairs, intervening spaces irregularly buJlaie
Vateria.] xxv. dipterocarpeje. (W. T. Thiselton Djer.) 315
when dry; petiole | in., slender. Pec^wracZes ^ in., axillary, usually l-flowered. Calyx-
segments subacute, hoary externally.
7. V. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong shortly
caudate- acuminate base acute midrib slightly prominent above lateral and
transverse nerves depressed when dry. Stemonoporus lanceolatus, Thwaites
Enum. 38. Vatica lanceolata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621,
Ceylon; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites.
A small tree; young parts glabrescent. Leaves 54-74 by 2-3 in., glabrous above,
glabrescent beneath, lateral nerves about 8 pairs, prominent beneath; petiole f-i in.,
stout, channelled. Peduncles \ in., slightly supra-axillary, 1-flowered. Petals ^ in. long,
elliptic, obtuse, pale yellow. Calyx-segments in fruit linear, acute.
8. V. canaliculata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong ob-
tusely acuminate base obtuse or acute midrib channelled above lateral
nerves in shallow depressions when dry with intramarginal connecting
loops. Stemonoporus canaliculatus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vatica canalicu-
lata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi 2, 621.
. Ceylon; Hiiiidoon and Reigam Corles, Thwaites.
■ A moderate-sized tree ; young parts and petioles striate, scabrous. Leaves 2^-4^ by
1]-1| in., glabrous and opaque above, scabrous beneath, lateral nerves about 10 pairs,
prominent beneath ; petiole 1-1 ^ in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles ^V '"•> axillary,
about 3-flowered. Calyx-segments oblong, obtuse, densely pubescent externally, buifif-
coloured. Anthers linear-lanceolate, minutely apiculate, puberulous. Fruit 1-1$ in.
diam., ^ in. deep, flattened-spheroidal, pale chocolate-coloured, mottled.
9. V. petiolaris, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong
shortly acuminate base rounded or subacute midrib elevated above, lateral
nerves weak, petiole l|-3 in. Stemonoporus petiolaris, Thwaites Enum. 38.
Vatica petiolaris, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621,
Ceylon ; at Kittool Galle, Thwaites.
A moderate-sized tree ; young parts and petioles scarcely scabrous. Leaves 6-10 by
2-2| in,, glabrous above, scabrous beneath, lateral nerves about 12 pairs. Peduncles
J in., axillary, 1-3-fiowered. Calyx- segments ovate-oblong, obtuse. Anthers lanceo-
late, minutely apiculate, puberulous.
10. V. rig'ida, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves obovate emarginate base
acute or narrowly elliptic obtuse base rounded midrib slightly elevated
above very stout beneath lateral nerves depressed when dry. Stemono-
porus rigidus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vatica rigida, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. ^,
621.
Ceylon ; Ambagaraowa district, alt. about 3000 ft., Thwaites.
A large tree ; young parts petioles and under-surface of the leaves minutely scabrous.
Leaves 34-5^ by 1| in., glabrescent and opaque above ; lateral nerves about 10 ; petiole
4-f in. Peduncles very short, axillary, about o-flowered. Flowers | in. diam. Calyx-
segments oblong, obtuse. Petals elliptic, subacute. Anthers linear-lanceolate, with a
broad retuse apex, minutely hairy puberulous.
11. V. oblongifolia, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong sub-
acuminate base rounded midrib and lateral nerves slightly elevated above.
Stemonoporus oblongifolius, Thwaites Enum. '6'6. Vatica oblonga, yl. i>(7.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 621.
Ceylon; Ambagamowa district, alt. about '4000 ft., Thwaites.
A large tree; young parts tawny pulverulent-scabrous. Leaves B-ohy 1^-2^ in. ,
glabrous on .both surfaces, midrib stout and prominent beneath ; petiole | in. Peduncle&
316 XXV. DiPTEBOCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Vateria.
about ^ in., 1-4-flowerecl, crowded at the ends of the lateral shoots. Calyx-segments
elliptic, subacute. Petals obovate, obtuse. Anthers linear-oblong, obtusely apiculate,
puberulous. Fruit ^ in. diain., globose, 3-sulcate, pale brown, minutely wrinkled.
12. V. reticulata, Thwaites Eniim. 403 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong
leathery acuminate base rounded shining above lateral nerves incon-
spicuous. Stemonoporns reticulatus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vatica reticulata,
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620.
Ceylon; Hinidoon Corle, alt. about 1000 ft., Thwaites.
A moderate sized tree ; young parts pulverulent. Leaves2^-^\ by 1 1-2 J in., opaque,
midrib prominent and minutely reticulate beneath, lateral nerves 9 pairs; petiole 1^ in.
Pedunaes axillary, 1-2-flowered. Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx-segments lanceolate,
glabrous, acute. Petals broadly elliptic, acute. Anthers linear, minutely apiculate,
hairy-pubescent. Fruit i^ in. long, ovoid, acute, 3-8ulcate, brown, minutely ver-
rucose.
13. V. nitida, Thwaites Enum. 403; leaves lanceolate or ovate caudate-
acuminate base rounded shining above opaque beneath midrib and lateral
nerves inconspicuously prominent above. Stemonoporus nitidus, Thivaites
Enum. 39. Vatica nitida, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 622.
C'EYLON ; Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites.
A moderate-sized tree ; twigs white-barked, with black verruculee, young parts dark
brown, glabrescent. Leaves 3-4 by U-l^ in., midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves
6 pairs, slender; petiole ^ in. Peduncles few-flowered. Calyx-segments lanceolate,
acute. Petals elliptic, acute, yellowish. Anthers linear, minutely apiculate, puberu-
lous. — The number of stamens proves this not to belong to Monoporandra, as A. De
CandoUe appears to think probable, no doubt from its resemblance to M. lancifolia,
which appears to be nothing more than a variety.
Vak. lancifolia, Thwaites Enum. 404 (sp.) ; leaves 2J-3J by |-1 in., tapering-acumi-
nate, fruit about 1 by f in. ovoid pale brown minutely mottled. Monoporanda lancifolia,
Thwaites Enum. 39; A. DC. Prod. xvi. 2, 637.— Hellessee and Pasdoou Corle, Thwaites.
— The 15 stamens prove this to belong to Vateria.
14. V. Moonli, Thwaites Enum. 403,: leaves linear-lanceolate base
tapering nerves hairy on both surfaces wlien young ultimately glabrous.
Stemonoporas 'i Moonii, Tliwaites Enum. 39. Vatica Moonii, A. DC. Prodr.
xvi. 2, 622.
Ceylon; Maturatte? Moon.
Young parts and petioles densely fulvous-tomentose, ultimately glabrescent or pulveru-
lous. Leaves 6-10 by 1-2 in., papery, midrib proniinent beneath, lateral nerves about
20 pairs, curved upwards, rather slender, with weaker ones intervening ; petiole 1 in.
Stipules |-1 in. distinct, linear-lanceolate, rigid, persistent. Peduncles 1- flowered, in
the axils of fallen leaves. — Somewhat resembling Vatica scahriuscrda in habit, but dif-
fering from other species of Vateria. Thwaites, however, by an analysis of the flower,
has determined it to belong to Stemonoporas.
a nXONOPORANDRA, Thwaites. ,
Glabrescent or puberulous, much branched, moderate-sized trees. Leaves
entire, firm, feather-veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous.
Flowers moderate-sized on small, few or many flowered axillary peduncles.
Calyx as in Vateria. Stamens 5 ; anthers as in Vateria § Stemonoporns.,
minutely apiculate. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled. Fruit globose, leathery,
indehiscent^ 1-seeded, supported by the reflexed scarcely accrescent calyx.
Cotyledons iieshy, unequal, radicle superior. — Disteib. Endemic in Ceylon ;
species 2. According to Bentbam and Hooker, and also Baillon, Monopo-
Monoporandra.] xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 317
randra does not differ from the Siemonoporus section of Valeria (with which
genus Thwaites now unites it) except in the number of stamens. Thwaites
however figured and described the ovary as 2-celled, and from the examina-
tion of M. cordifolia I find this to be correct.
1. ZME. cordifolia, Thwaites in Hook. Joum.'Bot. vi. (1854) 70 ; Enum. 39 ;
leaves ovate shortly caudate-acuminate base cordate or rounded midrib and
lateral nerves depressed above, panicles about 1 in. many-flowered. A. DC.
Frodr. xvi. 2, 237. Vateria cordifolia, Thwaites Enum. 404.
Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, elevation about 3000 ft, Thwaites.
A moderate-sized much branched tree ; young parts puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves
2-4^ by 1-2J in,, glabrous on both surfaces, opaque above, lateral nerves about 7 pairs ;
petiole ^-1 in., tumid at the apex. Flowers drooping, yellow. Calyx-segments lanceo-
late, acute. Fruit the size of a pea, brown, mottled.
2. IMC. eleg'ans, Thwaites in Hooh. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 69, t. 2 B ;
Enum. 39 ; leaves elliptic abruptly and slenderly caudate-acuminate midrib
depressed lateral nerves prominent above, peduncles 1-4-flowered about
fin. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 636. Vateria elegans. Thwaites Enum. 404.
Ceylon ; Saffragam district, alt. about 2000 ft., Thwaites.
A moderate-sized tree; young parts glabrescent. Leaves 2^-3 by |-1 in., base
obtuse or rounded, lateral nerves about 1 pairs ; petiole \ in. Calyx- segments linear-
lanceolate. Petals oblong, obtuse, pale-yellow. Anthers lanceolate, pulverident. Fruit
globose, Y^g in. diam., with a drooping peduncle.
An imperfect fruiting specimen of a large tree collected by Major Beddome in South
Tinnivelly and there called Karanyongoo, appears to belong to a new genus intermediate
between Fachynocarpus and Vatica. — Twigs brown barked, with minute white spots.
Leaves 3^-44 by l^-li in., lanceolate, obtuse, entire, lateral nerves 10 pairs, scarcely
prominent; petiole about ^ in. Flowers in short terminal or axillary puberulous
panicles ; pedicels g in. Calyx-tube very short, segments ^ in., ovate, minutely acumi-
nate, thickened, with numerous minute pale warts externally. Capsule | in. diam., nearly
globose, apiculate, glabrous, striate. Seed solitary ; cotyledons fleshy, deeply 2-fid,
enclosing the superior radicle.
Order XXVI. MALVACEiSl. (By MaxweU T. Masters, F.R.S.)
Herbs, shrubs or rarely soft-wooded trees, with mucilaginous rarely acid
juice, and tenacious inner bark ; herbaceous portions generally more or less
densely covered with stellate hairs. Leaves alternate, palminerved, simple
lobed or rarely compound. Stipules free, sometimes caducous. Bracteoles 3
or more, scattered or approximate, free or combined, often forming an epi-
calyx. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary fascicled or cymoso-paniculate,
regular, hermaphrodite or 1 -sexual. SejMs 5, valvate, free or connate.
Fetals 5, twisted-imbricate. Stamens oo , rarely definite, adnate to the base of
the petals ; filaments monadelphous, forming a tube, rarely a column ;
anthers oblong or reniform, cells sinuous or twisted, linear or annular,
ultimately 1-celled, bursting longitudinally; pollen globose, granular,
niuriculate. Ovary 2- many-celled, entire, or lobed, of 2-5 or usually more
carpels whorled round a central axis ; styles connate below or throughout
their length ; stigmas linear peltate spathulate or capitate ; ovules 1 or
more, curved, attached to the inner angle of each carpel. Fruit of dry
indehiscent or dehiscent cocci, or capsular and loculicidal, sometimes large
and woody. Seeds reniform or obovid, glabrous hairy silky or woolly;
818 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwcll T. Masters.)
albumen scanty often mucilaginous or ; embryo curved ; cotyledons leafy,
usually folded or crumpled.— Distrib. Abundant in warm regions, common
in temperate, absent from arctic. Genera 57, known species about 700,
largely represented in India. A few genera are peculiar to India or the
Archipelago, and some of the species are also endemic.
A. Androecium tubular ; tube entire, or but slightly divided at the apex.
Tribe I. lUalveaa. Herbs or shrubs. Mipe carpels separating from the
axis. Styles as many as the carpels.
Ovules solitary, ascending.
Stigmas linear.
Bracteoles 6-9 1. Alth^a.
Bracteoles 3, connate 2. Lavatera.
Bracteoles 3, free 3. Malva.
Stigmas capitate 3.* Malvastrum.
Ovules solitary, pendulous.
Carpels spreading, beakles? 3.** Anoda.
Carpels convergent at the points or beaked 4. Sida.
Ovules 2 or more.
Carpels with a transverse false partition ...... 4.* Wissadula.
Carpels with no false partition 6. AnuxiLON.
Tribe II. Ureneae. Styles or stigmaiic brandies twice as many as the
carpels.
Carpels opposite the petals.
Carpels iinarni(?d 5-* Malachra.
Carpels beset witli spines 6. Urkna.
Carpels opposite the sepals 7. 1'avonia.
Tribe III. Hlbisceee. Herbs rr shrubs. /Vw/i capsular. Sepals lesify.
Staminal-tuhe truncate or S-toothed at the apex.
Stigmas spreading. Seeds reniform.
Ovary lO-celled 8. Decaschistia.
Ovary 2-5-celled.
Stamens 10 9. Julostyles.
Stamens numerous.
Bracteoles 4, lanceolate combined at the base . . .10. Dicellostyles.
Bracteoles 3, cordate 11. Senra.
Bracteoles 5 or more 12. Hiuiscus.
Stigmas coherent in a club-shaped mass.
Bracteoles 3-5, small . 18. Thespesia.
Bracteoles 3, large, cordate ' 14. GoaaYPiuM.
B. Androecium either tubular at the base only, and divided above into
pentadelphous filaments (rarely tubular higher up) ; or divided throughout
into filaments.
Tribe IV. BoxnbaceaB. Trees. Sepals leathery. Styles connate or free.
Fruit capsular or indehiscent.
Leaves simple or lobed. Bracteoles 4-5 15. Kydia.
Leaves digitate. Bracteoles 0.
Calyx 5-ckft . 15.* Adansonia.
Calyx truncate or iiTegularly 3-5-lobed.
Ultimate filament with a single anther 16. Bombax.
Filaments with 2-3 anthers 17. Eeigdendron.
Leaves simple 1-costate, scaly.
Bracteoles united into a tube.
Petals 18. Cullenia.
XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 319
Petals 5.
Calyx tubular or bell-shaped.
Anthers linear, cells sinuous 19. Durio.
Anthers globose, opening by a pore 20. BoscuiA.
Calyx dilated at tlie base.
Calyx cushion-shaped or orbicular 21. Neesia.
Calyx 5-pouched at the base 22. Ccelostegia.
1. dflLZtTKJSBA, Linn.
Herbs pubescent or villous, erect or decumbent. Leaves more or less
deeply divided, rarely entire. Flowers peduncled, axillary, solitary or
fascicled, often in long terminal racemes. Bracteoles 6-9, connate at the base.
Anther-valves subglobose or linear. Ovary many-celled; styles filiform,
inner surface stigmatose ; ovules 1 in each cell. Carpels numerous,
ultimately separating from a short torus. Seed solitary in each carpel,
ascending. — Distrib. Temperate regions, rare in the tropics ; known,
species about 12.
Althcea rosea, L., the common Holly-hock, is often cultivated in Indian Gardens : it
is A. coromandelina, Cav., and A. chinensis, Wall. Cat. 2689.
1. A. Ziudwig*!!, L. ; DC. Prodr. 1. 437 ; annual, hispid, prostrate or
ascending, leaves deeply lobed lobes 3-fid, flowers shortly peduncled few or
tufted, anther- valves subglobose, carpels glabrous. Cav. /c 423; Boiss.Mor,
Orknt. i. 824. Malva malwensis, Edgew. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 284.
North Western India, the Panjab, and Sindh. — Dibtrib, Western Asia and the
Mediterranean region ; S. Africa.
AS'iem 6-12. in high, slender, brandling. Leaves long-petioled, orbicular, 5-7 -lobed,
lobes wedge-shaped. Bracteoles 7-'9, as long as the calyx. Flowers whitish, 4-1 in.
diam. Petals exceeding the lanceolate sepals. Carpels wrinkled at the sides.
2. A. officinalis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 436 ; perennial, uniformly downy,
leaves ovate simple or slightly lobed, flowers peduncled in axillary clusters,
bracteoles linear-lanceolate, anther-valves subglobose. Boiss. Flor. Orient.
i. 825.
Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Westward to England.
Stem erect, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovoid, annular, base scarcely cordate, unequally toothed ;
stipules linear-subulate. Flowers 1-2 in. diam., rosy. Bracteoles half the length of
the sepals. — The Marsh Mallow, which yields Guimauve.
Var. taurinensis ; not so densely downy as the type, flowers comparatively few.
A. taurinensis, JDC. Prodr. i. 436.
2. Z.AVATERA, Linn.
Herbs with branching downy stems. Leaves lobed. Flowers peduncled,
axillary. Bracteoles 3, connate at the base. Ovary many-celled; styles
filiform, inner surface stigmatose; ovules 1 in each cell. Ripe carpels
numerous, surrounding a prominent conical toras, from wliich they
ultimately separate. Seed solitary, ascending.^DisTEiB. Chiefly Mediter-
ranean ; one is Australian, two are Canarian.
1. Xi. XLashxniriana, Carnh. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 29, t. 32.J
Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c.
A branching downy herb. Lower leaves with petioles as long as the blade, orbicular,
cordate, 5-lobed, lobes crenate nearly glabrous above, downy beneath, upper with petiole
shorter than the blade, 3-5 lobed, lobes acute, central longest; stipules liuear-lanceo-
S20 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Lavatera.
late. Peduncles about equalling the leaves. Bracteoles 3, broadly ovate, acute, com-
bined at the base. /Sepals lanceolate, longer than the bracteoles. Corolla 3 in. diam.,
pink ; petals cuneate, deeply 2-tid. Staminal column villous. Carpels reuiibrm, smooth,
shorter than the projecting torus.
3. AXAX.VA, Linn.
Downy herbs. Leaves lobed. Flowers in axillary tufts. Bracteoles 3,
distinct. Sepals 5, connate at the base. Petah emarginate, connate at the
extreme base. Staminal-tube autheriferous to the top, without sterile teeth.
Ovary many-celled ; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas linear ; ovules
1 in each cell Rij^e carpels 1-seeded, indehiscent, separating from a short
conical tcyrus. Seed ascending.— Distrib. Temperate regions of the Old
World. Species about 16 ; many are widely diffused by cultivation, &c.
None of the Indian species are endemic
1. BX. verticillata, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 433; an erect annual or peren-
nial, pubescent, flowers nearly sessile in dense axillary clusters. Wall. Cat.
1879, 1884, 3, 4. M. neilgherrensis, WigfU let. 950. M. alchemillsefolia,
Wall. Cat. 1884, d.
Temperate Himalaya, ascending to 6-12,000 ft., from Assam and Sikkim to
Kumaon and Lahul ; Nilohirjs Mth., in corn fields, Wight. — Distuib. Europe, Abyssinia,
Egypt, Amoor land, China.
Stem blanched, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves cordate, suborbicular, 5-6-lobed, downy ; petiole
6-7 in. Flowers Bniall, nearly sessile, densely crowded. Bracteoles linear. Sepals
deltoid lanceolate. Petals notched, slightly longer than the sepals. Carpels 10-12,
enclosed within the accrescent calyx, netted on the sides, prominently ribbed at the
back.
2. BI. silvestrls, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 432 ; an erect nearly glabrous herb,
peduncles as long or longer than the flowers erect or ascending. Boiss.
Flor. Orient, i. 819.
Western Temperate HfMALAYA, from Kumaon, alt. 2500 ft., to Kashmir and the
Panjab. — DisTKiB. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia.
Annual, J-3 ft. hi^^h. Leaves cordate, rounded, lobed; petiole 4-5 in. Peduncles ,
about 1 in. Bracteoles ovAie, entire, shorter than the bell-shaped cah/x. Corolla l{ in.
diam. Petals notched, claw-bearded. Carpels reticulated, downy or glabrous.
Var. 1. mauriiiana; carpels reticulated, glabrous. M. mauritiuna, i)C Prodr, i. 432,
Cav. Diss.ii. 25, f. 2 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 181 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 45 ; Wall. Cat. 1877;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 819.— Bengal, Western Peninsula. M. ciliata, Wall. Cat. 1878.
Var. 2. eriocarpa, Boissier Fl. Orient, i. 819 ; carpels reticulated downy. — Himalaya.
3. BI. rotundifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 433 ; a spreading herb,
slightly downy, peduncles deflexed after flowering, claw of petal bearded.
Wall. Cat. 1885 ; Boiss. Flor. Orient, i. 820. M. vulgaris, Fries. Novrit. 219.
I^orth-West Provinces ; Kumaon and Sindh. — Distrib. Europe, W. Asia.
A much branched herb, sparingly villous. Xeaw« .suborbicular, lobed, crenate ; petiole
6-7 in. Peduncles H in. Bracteoles lanceolate half the length of the broadly lance-
shaped sepals. Corolla 1 in. diam. Petals wed i,'e- shaped, notched, twice the length of
the sepals. Ripe carpels downy, flat or wrinkled.
Var. 1. horealis ; petals scarcely exceeding the sepals, carpels prominently wrinkled
and netted, M. rotundifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 181 ; M. horealis, Wallm. ex Boiss,
Flor. Orient, i, h20 ; M. rotundifolia var. /3, W. & A. Prod. i. 45 ; Wall. Cat. 1884, e, f ;
M. parvifiora, Huds. not of Linn. — Bengal, Mysore,
Var. 2. reticulata ; petals exceeding the calyx; carpels glabrous, wrinkled, M. rotun-
difolia, var, a, W, & A, Prodr. i, 45 ; Wall, Cat. 1884, e,— Bengal, North- West Hima-
laya, alt. 1-2000 ft.
Malva.] XXVI. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 321
4. M. parviflora, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 433 ; a spreading herb, slightly-
downy, peduncles spreading after flowering, claw of petal glabrous. Bom.
Flor. Orient, i. 820.
North-West Himalaya, alt. 1-2000 ft., Uppkr Bengal, Sindh and the Panjab. —
DisTRiB. Europe, the Levant, Arabia, Nubia.
A comparatively small spreading herb. Leaves roundish, obsoletely lobed ; peduncles
short. Bracteoles linear. Sepals broad, acute. Petals notched, scarcely exceeding the
sepals. Carpels wrinkled.
3.* MALVASTKUIW, A. Gray.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or divided. Inflorescence axillary or
terminal. Bracteoles 3, narrow. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-parted. Petals longer
than the sepals. Staminal-tube antheriferous to the summit, with no sterile
teeth. Ovary 5- or more-celled; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas
capitate. Ripe carpels separating from a short torus, indehiscent, 1-seeded,
beaked or not. aSc^c? ascending.— Distrib. About 60 species, all American
and S. African except 2, which are widely distributed throughout the
tropics of both hemispheres.
M. TRICUSPID A TUM, A. Gray PI, Wright, 16 ; hairs simple, carpels with
three small projecting points. Malva tricuspidata, Ait. ; DC. Prodr.
i. 430.
Various parts of Bengal and Madras, introduced. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemi-
spheres and Australia.
An erect branching herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, irregularly toothed,
feather-veined. Petiole\\\n. Peduncles \-\m. Bracteoles narrow. CcfZy.r campanu-
late, 5-fid, lobes triangular acute. Petals yellow. Carpels 8-12, reniform,
M. SPICATUM, A. Gray PI. Fendler, 22; hairs stellate, carpels rounded or
angular not beaked. Malva spicata, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 430.
Various parts of India, introduced; Mergui, Griffith. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemi-
spheres.
All erect herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acute, crenate-serrate, soniftimes lobed.
Flowers in a dense terminal leafy spike. Bracteoles narrow. Sepals acuminate. Petals
yellow. Carpels 8-12, pubescent.
3.** ANODA, Cav.
Hispid herbs. Leaves hastate-lobed. Flowers on long axillary peduncles.
Bracteoles 0. Calyx 5-parted, segments spreading. Petals 5. Staminal-
tvbe dividing into numerous filaments at the top. Ovary many-celled ;
styles as many as the cells of the ovary ; ovules 1 in each cell. Ripe-
carpels separating from the axis, bursting irregularly, 1-seeded. — Distrib.
An American genus of 8 species, not indigenous in India.
A. HASTATA, L. ; DC Prodr. i. 458 ; thinly clothed with appressed
hairs, leaves ovate-cordate hastate 5-lobed, lobes deltoid central one
longest.
Various places in North-Western India and the "Western Peninsula, but not in-
digenous — Distrib. W. Indies, &c.
A heib 2-3 ft. high, thinly beset with appressed hairs. Leaves 2-3 in. ; petioles
1^ in. Stipules linear, 4 in- long. Peduncles 4 in., l-flowered. Flowers li in. diam.
Sepals 5, broadly ovate, acute, spreading, connate at the base into a shallow tube.
Petals purple, longer than the sepals.
VOL. I. Y
322 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sida.
4. SXDA, Linn.
Herbs or undershnibs. Leaves simple or lobed. Bracteoles 0. Calyx of
5 valvate sepals, tubular below. Corolla of 5 petals, free above, connate
below and adnate to tlje tube of the stamens. Staminal-tuhe dividing at
the summit into numerous anther-bearing filaments. Cai-pels 5 or more,
■^'hurled; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas terminal. Kij>e airpels
separating from the axis, generally 2-avvned at the summit, and dehiscing
irregularly or by a small chink. iSeed solitary, iiendulous or horizontal ;
radicle superior. — DiSTEUB. A genus of about 80 species, most of them
being tropical weeds.
* Herhaceom^ often trailing.
1. S. humilis, WUld. ; DC. Prodr. i. 463; a trailing herb, leaves sub-
orbicular-cordate acute serrate slightly hairy, carpels 5 sometimes awned.
Cav. Diss. V. t. 184, f. "Z; Roxh. Ft. Ind. iii. 171 ; Thwait^s Eniim. 28;
D<dz. A: Gibs. Boinb. Fl. 17'; Wall. Cat. 1854, 1, 2, 3, D ; W. <Sc A. Prodr. i.
h\) ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 140. S. unilocularis, L'Her. Stirp. t. 56.
S. pilosa, Ketz^ not of Cav. ex W. <t' A. I.e.; Wall.^Cat. 1854, E. iS. radicans,
W(dl. Cat. 1854 G. S. Hiulticaulis, Cav. Diss, i. 10, t. 1, f. (j ; DC. I.e.
S. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 1853, Jiot of DC
Generally distributed throughout the hotter parts of India. Distrib. Tropical Africa
and .America.
Very variable. Stem usually procumbent, branching, covered, like the leaves, with
a Uw scattered radiating hairs ; petiole rather shorter than tlie blade. Peduncles
jointed in the middle, dih^taiit or arranj^ed in a loose raceme Flouers axillary, soli-
\arv or twin. C«/?/x-«e«we«<« triangular, very acute. C'oro//a straw-coloured, scarcely
f xfccditig the calyx. Garpeh 5, muticous or shortly bicuspidate. — '1 he specimens vary
so much in quality of pubescence, length of carpellary awns, &c., that 1 find it difficult
to determine the following varieties with accuracy.
Vak. 1. morifolia, Cav. Diss. i. 9, t. 1, f. 1 (sp.) ; carpels slightly mucronate. — Wall.
Cat. 1853 B, E.
Vah. 2. veronicfefoUa, Lam. Diet. n. 11 (sp.) ; carpels with two longishawns. — Cav.
Jj-i^s. i. 7, t. 1, f. 3 and 5; Wall. Cat. 1853 D.
2. S. mysorensls, W. d- A. Prodr. i. 59 ; herbaceous, covered with
glutinous hair.s, leaves cordate-ovate acuminate, peduncles shorter than the
petioles, carpels 5 awned keeled. Thivaites Fnnm. 2S. S. hirta. Wall. Cat.
1855. not of Lam. 8. urticaefolia, W. <£• A. I.e. S. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 1853 E.
K olens, ilavi. in Wall. Cat. 1874. S. glutinosa, Poxh. IJort. Beng. 97 ; Fl.
J lid. iii. 172; Wall. Cat. 1855, not of Cav. S. tenax. Ham. in W. <&; A.
Prodr. i. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 1855, E, F. ? S. radicans, Cav. Diss. I p. 8 ; W,
li' A. Prodr. i. b\}.—Rkeede Heyrt. Mai. x. 69.
J>ii<)TA\, Tknas-serim, Cokomandel, Mysore, Concan, Ceylon.
A herb or undershrub 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 1\ by 2 in., coarsely toothed, downy be-
neath ; petiole \\ in. Pef/»??cZ<2 joitited in the middle. Flowers scarcely \ in. diam.
— Perhaps not specifically distinct from 8. humilis.
** Siiffrutescent {except S. corylifolia) erect or rarely procumbent.
3. S. Schimperiana, Uochst. in Pick. Fl. Abyss, i. 66 ; perennial,
slirubby, branches rei)eatedly forked, leaves oblong retuse base cuneate,
carpels 5 subglobo.'ie beaks short connivent. JIast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i.
IbO. ISida cuneifolia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 170. Dictyocarpus truncatus, Wight
m Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xi. 169; M adra.'< Journ. Lit. dj Sc. v. t. 19. Melo-
chia truucata and Hermannia ;Unifolia, Wall. Cat. 1196 K.
Sida.] XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 323
Western Peninsula; Carnatic and the Dekkan, Wight, &c. — Distrib. Abyssinia,
S. Africa.
A woody underslirub, with a thick rootstock. Branches intricate, decumbent or
erect. Leaves 4 in., sparingly covered with stellate hairs , petiole very short. Flowers
solitary, axil!ary, shortly petioled. Sepals 5, connate below the middle in a cup shaped
tube. Petals pink. Carpels ultimately dehiscing along the inner edge.
4. S. spinosa, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 460 ; shrubby, erect, branches often
with spiny tubercles below the variable leaves, which are hoary beneath,
carpels 5, beaks erect. S. alba. L. ; W. <k A. Prodr. i. 58 ; DC Prodr. I.e. ■;
Roxh. Fl. hid. iii. 174; Tliwaites Enum. 28; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17.
S. retusa, Wight Cat. 195, not of Linn. S. alnifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 461 ;
Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 174 ; W. (h A. Prodr. i. 58 ; Wall. Cat. 1873. S. glan-
dulosa, Poxb. mss. ex W. <k A. Prodr. i. Lc. S. Boriara, Wall. Cat. 1872.
Hotter parts of India, from the North- West provinces to Ceylon. — Distrib.
Tropics generally.
Leaves about | in., ovate obovate or linear-lanceolate, obtusely serrate, base cordate,
sometimes cuneate : petiole \ in. Peduncles solitary or clustered, jointed near the flower,
equal lin;4 or exceeding the petiole. Sepals deltoid, connate below into a cup-shap.'d
tube. Carpels membranous, scarcely longer than the calyx.
5. S. grewioides, GaUl. <^ Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 71 ; a cano-tomen-
tose undershrub, leaves oblong-ovate obtuse, calyx-tube angular, carpels
7-8 wrinkled awned, beaks connivent. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 835 ; Mast, in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 182.
North- West provinces and Sindh. — Distrib. Arabia, Tropical Africa.
Leaves about ^ in., crenate, downy on both surfaces ; petiole shorter than the blade.
St'pulei linear-subulate, scarcely so long as the petiole. Ptdavcles solitaiy or twin,
shorter than the petioles. Floivers yellow, small. Carpels indehiscent, or nearly -so.
6. S. carpinifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. ^60; an undershrub, leaves
nearly glabrous narrow acuminate serrate, stipules linear-subulate longer
than the petiole, peduncle jointed in the middle as long as the iietiole,
sepals triangular acute, calyx-tube siibglobose, carpels 5-9 rugose awned.
Wall Cat. 1871. S. acuta, Biirm. ; Can. Diss. i. t. 2, f. 3 ; DC. Prodr. i. 461 ;
}ValL Cat. 1868, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. I7l ; W. <k A. Prodr. i. 57 ;
Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17 ; Thivaites Enum. 27 ; Wight Ic. t. 95 ; Wall. Cat.
1868 G. S. lanceolata, Roxb. I.e. 175 ; Wall. Cat. 1868 F. S. stipulata, Cav.
Diss. i. t. ;5, f. 10; DC Prodr. i. 460; W. <Sc A. Prodr. I.e. S. Stauntoniana,
DC. I.e. ; S. scoparia, Lour, ex W. (k A. I.e. — Rheede, IJort. Mai. x. t. 53.
Generally distributed throughout the hotter parts of India, — Distrib. Tropics
generally.
Perennial. Leaves about 2-3 in., linear-lanceolate ; petiole t^-^? if^- ; stipules
many-nerved, two or three times longer than the petiole. Petals yellow, twice the
length of the calyx. — De Candolle's S. compressa, from Nipal, which I have not seen,
is described as having the leaves hoary beneath, and the peduncles three times as long
as the petiole.
7. S. rhonabifolia, Linn. ; shrubby, erect, leaves polymorphous taper-
ing at the base, peduncle longer than the petinle, carpels 10 awned or not, as
long as the calyx. DC. Prodr. i. 462 ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 17(5 ; WaJl. Cat.
1862, 2; Thwaitrs Enum. 28. S. canariensis, Willd. ; DC Prodr. i 462. Sida
compressa, Wall. Cat. 1866 ; DC. Prodr. i. 462.
Widely distributed throughout India. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemispheres.
Very variable, perennial, glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs. Leave-<^ generally
more or less rhomboid, under side hoary, rarely green ; stipules Ihiear-setaceous, longer
than the petiole. Peduncle rarely less than twice as long as the petiole, axillary or
clustered at the ends of the branches. Flowers yellow, rarely white. Sepals delt oi
Y2
324 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sida.
acuminate. Carpebt smooth or reticulate. — Very variable in form of leaf, relative
lenp^th of peduncle, position of joint, and size of the carpellary awns. — This species and
its allies vielil good fibre.
The following forms may be more or less readily distinguished, and many more might
l)e added, but their characters merge so much one into the other, that discrimination
becomes difficult.
Var, 1. scabrida, W. & A. Prodr. i. 57 (sp.); sprinkled with rigid hairs, leaves con-
co orous, peduncles jointed at the base, carpels awiied.
Vah. 2. retusa, Linn, (sp.) ; leaves obovate retuse hoary underneath, peduncles
equalling the leaves jointed above the middle, c.-irpellary awns short. — Cav. Ihss. i. t. 3,
f. 4, and Diss. v. t. 181, f. 2 ; W. d' A. Prodr. i.58 ; Wall. Cat. 1870; DC. Prodr. i.
4fi2 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 175 ; Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 17. S. chinensis, Petz ex lioxh.
Hort. Bevg. 97 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 174. S. philippica, DC. Prodr. i. 4G2 ; W. & A. Prodr.
I.e.; Wall Cat. 1869 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. x. 18 ; Riimph. Amb. v. t. 19.— The S cory-
nocarpa, Wall. Cat. 1870, seems to be a form of this variety, with densely intricate
M-oody brunches, and long carpellary awns.
Var. 3. rhomboidea, Koxb. Hort. Beng. .50, Fl. Ind. iii. 176 (sp.) ; leaves rhomboid
hoarv beneath, peduncles jointed at the base, carpellary awns very short inflect<'d.
J) C! Prodr. i. 462; W. & A. Prodr. i. 57; WaU. Cat. 1862 E, I860; Thwaiies
Firum. 28. S rhombifolia, Wall. Cat. 1862 F. ? S. orientalis, Cav. Diss. i. t. 12.—
The flowers expand at noon (Roxb).
Var 4. obovata. Wall. Cat. 1864 (sp.) ; leaves I4 by 2 in. broadly obovate hoary
beneath, apex coarsely toothed, base cuneate, petiole i in., peduncle longer than the
j)eti()le shorter than the blade.
Var. 0. viicrophyllfi, Cav. Diss. i. t. 12, f. 2 (sp.); leaves small elliptic dentate hoary
l>enoath, peduncle slightly exceeding the petiole, carpels 5-7 awned. — Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 170; DC. Prodr^ i. 461.
.s. S. corylifolia, WaU. Cat. 1865; leaves oblong glabrous on both
surfaces crenate-serrate base rounded, peduncle longer than the petiole
jointed above the middle, carpels smooth, awns long erect covered with
reflexed bristles.
1^1 RM a, Wallich.
Herl aoeous Leaves 4 by 2 in., concolorous ; petiole 1^ in. ; stipules deciduous.
Peduncle I4 in. Calyx broad, cup-shaped, ^ in. diam., glabrous ; sepals deltoid, acute,
sliorttr than the carpellary awns. — Resembles S. cordifolia in the long awns.
9. S. cordifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 464 ; downy, erect, leaves cordate-
oblong obtuse crenate, carpels 10 awned awns longer than the calyx covered
with stiff reflexed hairs. Rm:b. Fl Ind. iii. 177 ; Wall. Cat. Ib49 ; W. cC- .1.
Prodr. i. 58; Thwaiies Emtm. 28 ; Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17 ; Mast, in Oliv.
Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 181 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 140. S. herbacea, Cav.
Diss. i. 19, t. 13, f. 1 ; DC. Prodr. i. 463 S. micans, Cav. Diss. i. 19, t. 3, f. 1.
S. rotuiidifolia, Cav. Diss. i. 20, t. 3, f. 6, and Di&f. vi. t 194, f. 2 ; Wall. Cat.
1849, D ; DC. Prodr. i. 464. S. althaeifolia, Swartz; Guill. d' Per. Fl. Seneg.
i. 73. — Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 54.
Generally distributed throughout tropical and .subtropical India. — Distkib, A tropical
weed.
Annual or perennial. Leaves 14-2 by 1-1 ^ in., very downy on both surfaces ;
petiole as lon^^ as the leaf; stipules linear, half the length of the petiole. Peduncles
jointed near the flower, lower distant longer than the petioles, upper crowded very short.
Flutters yellow. Carpels furrowed at the back, sides reticulated. — Flowers with the
other species in the rainy and coul seasons.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
S. pentacakpos, Roxb. ex Horn. Supp. 78; DC. Prodr. i. 473, an annual plant
having cordate sub-tric-nspidate leaves, peduncles as long as the petioles, and muticous
very hispid carpels. — Kostdetzkya pcntacarpos is not a native of India.
Sida.] XXVI. Malvaceae. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 3125
> 4* WISSADUZiil., Medik.
Underslirubs, more or less beset with soft hairs. Leaves palraately lobed.
Itrflorescence lax, panicled. Bracteoles 0. Calyx of 5 sepals which are free
above tubular below. Petah 5, connate below and adherent to the tube of
the stamens. Staminal-tuhe divided at the apex into numerous filaments.
Styles as many as the cells of the ovary. Ripe carpels 5, many-seeded,
beaked, dehiscent, often with a transverse false partition. Seeds 1-3 in
each cell, lower descending, upper ascending. — Distrib. iSpecies 5 or 6
tropical American, and one common in all the hotter parts of the globe.
In habit they differ from the species of Sida and Abutilon.
W. ROSTRATA, Flanck. in Hook. Niger Flora^ 229 ; peduncle longer than
the petiole, carpels with a false partition. Masi. in Oliv. Fl. Tropj. Afr.
i. 182. W. periplocifolia, Tliwaites Eniim. 27. W. zeylanica, Medik.; Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 147. Abutilon periplocifolium, G. Don Gen. Syd.
i. 500; W. d' A. Frodr. i. 55. Sida periplocifolia, L. ; DC. Frodr. i. 4(j7 ;
Roxh. Fl. Lid. iii. 172 ; Wall. Cat. 1861, B, C, D.
Cultivated in India, naturalized in Ceylon, and very common in the south of the
island. — Distrib. Java, Tropical Africa and America.
SufFrutescent, more or less densely clothed with stellate tomentum. Leaves 3-4 by
14-2 in. and upwards, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, cordate-oblong, entire,
tapering into a long point ; petiole 1 in, Floioers yellow, in lax panicles. Pedunclen
3 in., jointed near the top. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals exceeding the caljx.
Ripe carpels awned, much longer than the calyx. — Koxburgh says this is a native of
the Malay islands, and yields a beautiful hemp.
Var. I, zeylanica, DC. Prodr. i. 467; leaves narrow, slightly scabrid above. — PluJ;.
t. 74, f. 7 ; JJill. Bort. Elth. i. t. 3, f. 2.
W. Leschenaultiana, peduncles not exceeding the petiole, carpels with-
out false partitions. Sida Leschenaultiana, DC. Prodr. i. 468. Abutilon
Leschenaultianum, Don Gen. Syst. i. 500.
Cultivated in India and in Ceylon ; its native country not known.
SufFrutescent, softly downy. Leaves 2-3 by 24^-85 in., glabrescent above, softly
tomentose beneath, cordate-ovate, acuminate, quite entire ; petiole 3-4 in. Injlores-
ce/ice terminal, panicled, many-flowered. Peduncles 1-2 in. Petals ohcovdate. Ripe
carpels ovoid. — In habit this plant agrees with Wissadula, but it is destitute of the false
partitions in the carpel.
5. ABUTXZiON, Gsertn.
Herbs or undershrubs more or less covered with down. Leaves angled or
palraately-lobed. Fiifioresceiice axillary or terminal. Bracteoles 0. Calyx
of 5 valvate sepals, tubular below. Corolla of 5 petals, free above, connate
below and adnate to the tube of the stamens. Slaminal-tuhe divided at the
apex into numerous filaments. Carpels 5-x . Styles as many as the carpels.
Ripe carpels separating from the axis, awned or not, 1- or more-deeded.
Seeds reniforrti, upper ascending, lower descending. — Distrib. About 70
species, all tropical or subtropical. As a genus hardly separable from Sida.^
except in habit and in the larger flowers, which latter (in the Indian speciesj
usually open in the evening, while in the Sidas they expand about noon.
* Carpels more tlmn 10 {except in A. polyandrum).
1. A. polyandrum, Schlecht, in Link Enum Hort. Berol. ii. 264 ;
leaves roundish-cordate with a long acumen, filaments free nearly to the,
base, staminal-tube with a ring of hairs at the top, carpels 5 awned. Don
326 XXVI. MALVACEJ*:. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Abutilon.
Gen. Syd. i. 500 ; W. <i- A. Prodr. i. 55 ; TImaites Eimni. 27 ; Dah. d' Gibs.
Momb. Fl. 17 ; Miq. Fl. hid. la. i. p^ 2, 144. Sida oxypbylla, Wall. Cat.
1850. S. polyandra, R(xb. Hod. Beng. 50, Fl. Ind. iii. 173; Wall Cat.
1851, D, E, F. IS. persica. Barm. Fl. Ind. t. 47, f. 1 ; Cav. Diss. i. t. 4, f. 1 ;
DC. Prodr. i. 473. S. macrophylla, Wall Cat. 1851, D.
Nouth-West provinces, Tropical Himalaya, Western Peninsula, Birma,
Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, South Trop. Africa, Persia?
Annual or perennial. Leaves 4-5 in., downy, especially beneath ; petiole 4 in.
PefJuncles clustered in small terminal racemes, jointed near the top. iSejjah lanceolate,
forming a bell-shaped tube below. CoroHa 14 in. diam. Carpeb hispid exceeding
the calyx, awns erect.
2. A. asiatlcum, G. Dmi Gen. Sysf. i. 503 ; leaves rugose above
velvety beneath acute or acuminate, toothed, cordate at the base, sepals
ov.ite acute or acuminate, petals overlapping, ripe carpels about 20
hispid scarcely longer than tlie calyx, awns erect. Tkwaites Enum. 27 ;
W. S A. Prod. i. 56; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 184. iSida asiatica,
Linn. 8j). 964 ; Cav. Diss, i t. 7, f. 2, and v. t. 128, f. 1 ; xMiq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. 2, 145 ; nier. JStirp. 130.
Wkstern Peninsula; Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropics of both liemispheres.
Herbaceous or suflirutescent. Leaves 3-4 in. and more, Kubscabrid above, velvety
beneath ; stipules linear, deflexed. Peduncles stout, jointed near the flower, longer
than the petiole. Flowers yellow, 2 in. diam. Calyx campanulate Carpels rarely
muticous.
The synonymy of this and the two following species is much confused. The A.
asiat'cum of Wight's herbarium is indistingiiishalile from A. indiciun of Don. The
rugose upper surface of the leaf mentioned by L'Heritier is one of the best marks of
this species, the shape of the calvx-lobes, and the relative size and amount of pubes-
Cfuoc of the carpi:ls is more variable.
3. £l. indicum, G. Don Gen. Sysf. i. 504 ; leaves cordate nearly entire
«)i- irregularly toothed covered on both surfaces with closely-felted white
dowu with few or no hairs intenningled, sepals ovate acute, ripe carpels
15 20 longer than the calyx glabrescent truncate or .shortly awned, awns
.si)reading. A. asiaticuMi, W. d' A. Prodr. i. 56, not Sida asiatica, Linn.;
W. <f' A Prodr. i. 56 ; Wight. Ic. t. 12 ; Dah. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18 ; Thwaites
Fniim. 27 ; Mast, in Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. i. 186 ; Mvp Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2,
1 4(). Sida indica, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 471 ; Cav. Diss. i. p. 33, t. 7, t. 10 ; Roxb.
FL Ind. iii. 179 ; WalL Cat. 1859, 1, 2, D, F.
Generally distributed throughout tropical India (wanting in Malacca). Ceylon,
T'hwaites. — Distrib. Tropics.
Annual or perennial. iStipules deflexed. Peduncles longer than the petioles, jointed
near the top. Flowers yellow, 1 in, diam., opening in the evening.
\'ar. 1. popuUjolium, W. & A. Prodr. i. 56, var. /3; leaves more or less acuminate.
Abutilon populifolium, G. Don Gen. ISyst. i. 503; Sida populifolia, Lam.; Cav. Diss.
i. t. 7, f. 9; DO. Prodr. i. 470; hoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 179; Wall. Cat. 1858; .Sida
P.oloere, LPIf'T. Stirp. i. 130. S. Eterouiischos, Cav. Diss. ii. 55, and v. p. 275, t. 128.
— Humph. Anib. iv. i. xi. ; Bhcede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 65.
Lamarck's plant is open to doubt, as the stem is described as purplish, and the stipules
as spirally twisted.
4. A. bidentatum, Iloc/ist. in A. Rich. FL Abyss, i. 68 ; leaves cordate-
^^vate acuminate crenate-tootiied, stipules short subulate, panicles axillary,
jduncles shorter than the leaves, ripe carpels 20 smooth exceeding the
ilyx, awns spreading. Mast, in Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. i. 186.
^Nortu-West provinces, Edgeworth; Sindu, Stocks ; Panjab, T. Thomson; Con-
can.— D^trib. Tropical Africa and Arabia.
%
Abutilon.] XXVI. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 327
Erect, perennial. Leaves 2^-3 by 2 in., downy on both surfaces, lower petioles 4-5
in. Peduncles 1^-2 in. Sejmls ovate, acute. Calyx-tube cup-shaped. Bipe fruit
4 in. diam. Carpels oblong, glabrescent, twice the length of the calyx.
5. A. graveolens, W. dh A. Prodr. i. 56 ; branches covered with
clauimy pubescence mixed with spreading hairs, leaves orbicular-cordate
abruptly acuminate velvety on both sides, stipules falcate, peduncles as
long as the petioles, sepals ovate acuminate, carpels 20 or more rounded
hairy. Mast, in Oliv. Fl, Trop. Afr. i. 184; Tkwaites Enum. 27. Sida gra-
veolens, Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 50, Fl. ; Ind. iii. 179 ; DC. Prodr. i. 473; Wall,
Cat. 1856, D, E, F, G. S. hirta, Wall. Cat. 1852, B partly.
North- West provinces, Sindh, Nilghirrhis Mts., and Ceylon. — Distrib. Belu-
chistan, Java, Tropical Africa and Australia.
Leaves sometimes lobed ; petiole almost as long as the blade ; stipules linear, refloxed.
Flowers large, orange coloured, with a darker centre, ultimately reflexed. Petals ob-
cordate. Carpels truncate, rather longer than the calyx, not awned. — The fresh plant,
according to Koxburgh, has a strong unpleasant smell. There is no constant difference
between this and the following form, but the var. hirtum is usually more densely hispid,
and its carpels are more awned and scarcely exceed the calyx.
Var. I. hirtum, (t. Don Gen. Syst. i. 503 (sp.) ; stem copiously hispid, pubescence
brownish, leaves subscabrid above, stipules linear-subulate, carpels about 20, acute,
hairy, about the length of the calyx. — Abu|;ilon hirtum, W. & A. Prodr. i. 56 ; Wall. Cat.
1856; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 145. Sida hirta, Lam. Diet. i. 7 ; DC. Prodr. i. 470 ;
Wall. Cat. 1858 G ; Cav. Diss. t. 129. S. pilosa, L'Her. Stirp. 130.
6. A. muticum, C Don Gen. Syst. i. 502 ; pubescent and hairy, leaves
roundish-cordate, sepals broad cuspidate, carpels about 20 reniform awnless
downy shorter than the calyx. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 836. A. tomentosum,
W. <h A. Prodr. i. 56 ; Tkwaites Enum. 27 ; Dalz. (h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18.
A. glaucum, Don Gen. Syst. i 504 ; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 185.
Sida glauca, Cav. /c. 1, 8, t. 11. S. hirta. Wall. Cat. 1852 B partly. S. vil-
losa, Wall. Cat. 1856 C. S. asiatica. Wall. Cat. \Q52 D. S. mutica, Delile
Flor. Egypt. 60, n. 45. S. tomentosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; FL Ind. iii.
178 ; Wall. Cat. 1852 A, C, D, E.
North- West provinces, and Western Peninsula, Stocks, Edgeivorth, Sec. Ceylon,
Tangalle, Tkwaites^ — Distrib. Affghanistan, Trop. Africa, Egypt.
Annual or suffrutescent. Leaves tomentose on both surfaces, toothed ; petioles 2 in. ;
stipules lanceolate, reflexed. Peduncles as long as the petiole, stout, jointed near the
flower, usually arranged in axillary nearly leafless clusters. Flowers laige, orange.
Calyx very tomentose, divided hallway down. Petals obliquely triangular, often lobed.
Fruit globose, depressed at the summit. Seeds 3, scabrous.
7. A, Avicennee, Gcertn. Carp. ii. 251 ; leaves orbicular-cordate with a
long point, peduncle shorter than the petiole, sepals free, nearly to the base,
carpellary awns ultimately widely spreading. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 836.
Sida Abutilon, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 470 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 178.
North- West India, Sindh, Kashmir, and Bengal. — Distrib. N. As-ia and westward
to S. Europe, and also in N. America.
Annual, herbaceous, softly tomentose. Leaves 3-4 in. ; petiole 3 in. Peduncles 1 in.,
solitary, axillary. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals yellow, hardly exceeding the sepals.
iStaininaL-tuhe very short. Carpels 15-20, much exceeding the sepals, oblong, trun-
cate, hispidulous or pubescent, with 2 long horizontal spreading ciliolate awns. Seeds
8. A. crispuin,^.-^^tJ^ jS^^^ri^-SCS^ pubescent and hairy, leaves
cordate roundish acuminate-crenate upper petioled or nearly sessile, fruit
328 XXVI. MALVACEAE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Abutilon.
globose bent downwards when ripe, carpels 12 or more wrinkled mem-
branous awnless. Wight Ic. t. 68 ; W. <£' A. Prodr. i. 56 ; Ihwaites Enum,
401. Sida crispa L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 469; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 177; Wall.
Cat 1857 C, D, E, F. S. indica, Cav. Diss. o3, tab. 7, f. 101 and of Herb.
Htyne. S. montana, Roxh. Ic. ined.
Western peninsula ; Nilgliirrhis Mts., the Dekkan, and Coromandel. — Distrib.
Tropical and subtropical America.
A weak diffuse annual. Leaves 2-3 by 14 in.; stipules filiform. Peduncles as long
as the petidle, geniculate above the middle. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx tubular
below, divided beyond the middle into lanceolate sepals. Carpels obtuse, nearly gla-
brousf 2-3-seeded. Seeds pilose. •
** Carpels not exceeding 10.
9. A. raznosum, GuUl. <Sc Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 68 ; leaves ovate-cordate
acuminate, peduncles shorter than the petioles, sepals free for half their
length, ripe carpels about 10 much exceeding the sepals, hispid, awns spread-
ing. Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 186. A. sidoides, Dalz. d: Gibs. Bond).
Fl. 18. JSida ramosa, Cav. Diss. i. 28, t. 6, f. 1.
North-West provinces; Concan, Dalzell. — Distrib. Tropical Africa.
Suffrutescent. Branches downy and with thin npreadiiig hairs. Leaves long-
petioled, sometimes 3-cuspidate, crenate-serrate. Peduncles axillary and terminal, tri-
chotomous. Calyx-tube broadly cup-shaped. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals twice as
long as the sepals.
10. A. frutlcosuzn, Guill. d- Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 73 ; leaves ovate-cordate
acute, stii)ules linear, carpels 10 truncate awnless pointed but little longer
than the calyx. Boisi<. FL Orient, i. 836 ; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i.
187. A. microphyllum, A. Jiic/i. FL Abi/ss. i. 70, t. 15. A. albidum,
Webb, d' Berth. Phyt. Canar.m. 39, t. 2. 1 Sida amsena, WaU. Cat. 1848.
^\'s\>Yi^ Stocks^ Aitcheson ; Ibrawaddi? Wallich. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Arabia,
Java.
Suffrutescent, covered with white down. Leaves small, denticulate or nearly entire;
petiole short. Peduncles soHtary, axillary, shorter than the petiole, l-3-'liowered,
pedicels jointed above the middle. Sepals ovate, acute, scarcely .cuspidate, combined
below into a shallow cup. Fruit cylindric, tnmcate, scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Seeds sparingly pilose. — Dalzell says the flowers of this species expand at midday like
the Sidas.
11. A. neilgrherrense, Munro in Wight. III. t. Q^ ; suffruticose, sub-
glabrous, leaves whitish beneath roundish deeply peltate-cordate acumi-
nate crenate ; peduncles about the length of the petiole, corolla spreading,
carpels truncate, twice the length of the sepals.
Western Peninsula, Nilghirrhis Mts., Munro.
Leaves sometimes 7 4 in. Peduncles 2-10-fiowered. Sfpals lanceolate, acuminate,
villous. Petals obovate, united below into a short tube, hairy at the orifice. Tube of
the stamens glabrous. Carpels about 9. — I only know this species from Munro's descrip-
tion above cited.
In addition to the foregoing species, A. auritum (Sida aurita, Wall. Cat. I860), a
Javanese plant, is cultivated in India, and is sometimes met with as an escape from
gardens.
Malachra.] xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 329
5.^ BZAX.ACKRA, Linn.
Herbs. Zmws angled. Flowers in dense heads, usually intermixed with
bracteoles. Sejmls 5, forming below the middle a cup-like tube. Petals 5,
coherent below, and connate at the base with the tube of the stamens.
Starninal-tube truncate or 5-toothed, filaments numerous. Carpels 5,
1-ovuled ; styles 10. Ripe carpels 1-seeded, indehisceift, separating fr()m the
axis, smooth, ^eeds reniforra, ascending.— Disteib. Species 5 or 6, all Ame-
rican but the following, which is widely distributed throughout the tropics.
M. CAPiTATA, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. -440 ; leaves roundish-angled cordate
toothed, bracteoles with a white spot at the base. Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop.
Afr. i. 188.
Throughout the hotter parts of India from the North West provinces to the Carnatic,
probably introduced. — Distkib. W. tropical Africa, tropical America.
Annual or perennial, coarsely hairy. Leaves 5-6 in. wide or less ; petiole 4 in. ;
stipules linear. Flowers in axillary or terminal heads. Petals yellow or white, longer than
the subulate sepals. Fruit subglobose, depressed. — It is singular that this plant is not
mentioned either by Wight or Roxburgh, and that it is not included in Wall. Cat. In
"Wallich's herbarium, however, there are some specimens without numbers, and with
no localities assigned, while others are from the Calcutta garden.
6. URENA, Linn.
Herbs or undershrubs, more or less covered with rigid stellate hairs.
Leaves angled or lobed. Flowers clustered. Bracteoles 5, adnateto the 5-cleft
calyx, sometimes coherent at the base into a cup. Petals 5, often tomen-
tose at the back, free above, connate below and united to the base of the
tube of the stamens. Staminal-tuhe truncate or minutely toothed. Anthers
nearly sessile. 0ya/'^6-celled, cells 1-ovuled, opposite the petals ; stigmatic
branches 10 ; stigmas capitate. Ripe carpels covered with hooked bristles or
smooth, indehiscent, separating from the axis when ripe. Seed ascending ;
cotyledons bent and folded ; radicle inferior. — Distjrib. Species 4-5, natives
of tropical and subtropical countries ; 2 only are confined to Asia.
* Carpels armed with hooked bristles.
1. U. lobata, Linn. ; leaves rounded angled not divided beyond the
middle. BC. Prodr. I 441 ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 182 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 46 ;
Wall. Cat. 1928 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18 ; Thwaites En. 25 ; Miq. Fl
Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 148. U. cana, Wall, Cat. 1930 B. U. palmata, Eoxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 182.
Generally distributed over the hotter parts of India. — Distrib. Tropics of both
hemispheres.
Very variable, herbaceous, more or less hairy. Leaves about 1-2 by 2-3 in., cor-
date, 5-7-lobed, lobes acute or obtuse ; nerves 5-7, prominent on the under surface, the
three central, or the midrib only provided with a- gland on the under surface ; petiole
usually shorter than the blade. Bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, equalling the calyx.
Floivtrs pink. Carpels densely pubescent, echinate.
V.\u 1. scahriuscula, DC. Prod. i. 441 (sp.) ; herbaceous, leaves roundish scarcely
lobed with 1-3 glands beneath, bracteoles linear longer than the sepals. — U. scahrius-
cula, Wall. Cat. 1928 F ; W. dc A. Prodr. I 46 ; Dalz. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18.— Wight
and Arnott doubt this being a distinct species, but Dalzell considers it very distinct.
2. U. sinuata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 441 ; leaves divided below the
middle into 5 oblong lobes narrowed at the base and often pinnatifid. Poxb.
Ilort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 182; Wall. Cat. 1933 E; W.dtA. Prodr. i. 46;
330 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Urena.
Thwaites Enum. 25 ; Dalz. d' Gihs. Bcmib. Fl. 18. U. muricata, DC. Prodr.
i. 442. U. Lappago, DC. Prodr. i. 441. U. morifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 442?
U. heterophylla, ISmith in Pees. Cycl. 37; Wall. Cat. 1933 E, F, G, H, K.
U. tomentosa, Wall Cat. 1933 H \—Barm. Zeyl. t. 69, f. 2. Rlhtede, Hort.
Mai, t. X. f. 2; Riimph. Amh. vi. t. 25, f. 2.
Generally distributed over the hotter parts of India. — Distbib. Tropics of botli
hemispheres.
Verv variable in amount of pubescence, and in the form of the foliage, herbaceous,
perennial. Leaves downy, lobes serrated. Glands on under surface of nerves 1-8.
Bracteoles linear-oblong, as long as the Galyx. Flowers 1 in. diam. Carpels densely
pubescent.
** Carpels smooth^ nnamied.
3. U. repanda, Ro.x:b. Fl.. hid. iii. 182; stellate-hairy, leaves roundish
or somewhat lobed, flowers racemose, bracteoles 5 subulate connate below
into a cup, sepals united for half their length. W. <C' A. Prodr. \. -16 ;
Wight III. i. 65. U. rigida, Wall. Cat. 1929 (partlf/). U. Haniiltoniana,
Wall. Cat. 27(K). Favonia repanda, iSj^reng. St/st. iii. 98. Urena speciosa.
Wall. PI. As. Par. t. 26, Cat. 1931.
Nouth-We8t India, Upper Gangetic Plain, the Western Peninsula and Ava.
Shrubby. Leaves shortly petiole), rough above, midrib glandular at the base be-
neath, lower 2-2^ in. long, roundihh, rarely lobed, cordate at the base, ropand-sen*ate,
upper lanceolate. Flowem in ultimately leafless clusters. Bracteoles \-^\\\.\ sub-
coriaceous, exceeding the membranous calyx. Corolla pink, twice the length of the
bracteoles. tSeed ascending, smooth.
4. IT. rlg-ida, Wall. Cat. 1929 {partly) ; stellate- hairy, leaves cordate
roundish, flowers in heads at the ends of the branches, bracteoles 5, lanceo-
late combined for half their length into a bell-shaped tube, sepals free nearly
to the base.
BiRMA, Wallich, 3PCleUavd; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Borneo.
Perennial. AStem purplish, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves petioled, about 2 by 2\ in.,
base cordate, roundish serrulate, midrib glandular beneath ; stipules setaceous. Floicers
mixed with floral leaves, in terminal subsessile heads. Sepals \ in., nearly as long as
the bracteoles, membranous, villous at the back. Corolla white, tul)ular at the base,
above 5-petalous, twice the length of the bracteoles. Stamen-tube with 5 minute ti-eth
at the upper ed'j^e. Bipe carpels hispid, reticulate. Seed pilose. — This species has
the habit of a Malachra. The nearly free sepals are noteworthy.
7. PAVONIA, Cav.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, angular or lobed, more or less
downy. Flowers axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles
5-30, free or forming a tube at the base. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
5-petalous, united at the base to the staminal-tube. Stamwal-tube truncate
or 5-toothed at the ai)ex. Ovary 5-celled, cells usually.^opposite the sepals,
rarely opposite the petals ; styles 10, stigmas capitate, ovules 1 in each cell.
Ripe carpels separating from the axis, entirely indehiscent, or more or less
2-valved, smooth, netted or winged, never glochidiate. Seeds ascending. —
DiSTRiB. Species about 60, chiefly tropical America.
Sect. 1. Ziebretonia. Bracteoles 5-6. Carpels indehiscent.
1. P. grlechomlfolia, ^. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 54; Mast. in. Oliv. FL
Trap. Afr. i. 190. T. procumbeus, Bom. Fl, Orient, i. 837. Urena cordata.
Pavonia.] xxvi. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 331
Herb, lleyne. Lebretonia procuinbens, Wall. Cat. 2688 ; Wight Ic. t. 4 ;
W. d' A. Frodr. I 47. L. flava, Wall. Cat. lii83.—Flu/c. t. 352, f. 5.
North- West provinces, Sindh, the Western Peninsula, Birma, and Ceylon. —
DisTEiB. Trop. Africa, Arabia.
Rigid, procumbent, more or less pubescent. Leaves 2^ by 2 in., hirsute or glabrous,
roundish-cordate, crenate-serrate, somewhat 3-lobed, midlobe longest; petiole 2^ in.
Peduncle slender, axillary, 1-flowered, about the length of the*petiole. Bracteoks 5-6,
ovate-lanceolate, exceeding the sepals. Petals yellow, longer than the bracteoles.
Pipe carpels 5, muricate, sometimes with a serrulate crest, — Variable in pubescence,
size of bracteoles and armature of carpels.
Sect. 2. Eupavonla. Bracteoles 10 or more. Carpels dehiscent.
2. P. arabica, Hochst. in Schimp. PL Exsicc. Abyss. ; leaves nearly-
entire, carpels unarmed wingless. Mast. in. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 193 ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 837.
Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Abyssinia.
Perennial, more or less densely clothed with down. Stems erect. Leaves 1| by ^ in.,
subcordate, oblong, entire or slightly dentate ; petiole as long as the leaf. Peduncle
axillary, as long as the petiole. Bracteoles 10-12, linear, villous, exceeding the calyx
and corolla. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla pink. Carpels 5, oblong, 3-sided.
3. P. zeylanica, Cav. ; DC. Frodr. i. 444 ; glandular-pubescent, leaves
hispid deeply 3-5-lobed, carpels unarmed slightly winged. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 214 ; Wall. Cat. 1885 A to D ; W. <k A. Frodr. i. 47 ; Dalz. & Gihs.
Bomb. Fl. 21 ; Thwaites Enum. 401. Hibiscus zeylanicus, Linn. ; Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 50.— Fluk. t. 125, f. 3; Biirm. Fl. Iiid. t. 48, f. 3.
North- West provinces, Sindh, the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib.
Trop. Africa, Mauritius.
Perennial, much branched, hispid. Leaves 1 by f in. and upwards, cordate, roundibh,
deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes wedge-shaped, dentate, midlobe longest ; petiole equalling or
exceeding the blade. Peduncles about the length of the petiole, solitary, axillary.
Bracteoles 8-12, linear, ciliulate. Sepals lanceolate. Carpels oblong, 3-sided. — Vari-
able in the form and lobing of the leaf.
4. P. odorata, Willd. ; DC. Frodr. i. 144; glandular-pubescent, leaves
slightly 3-5-l()bed, carpels unarmed wingless. Roxb. Fl. Lid. iii. 214 ;
Wall. Cat. 1886, 1, 2, D, E; W. d' A. Frodr. i. 47; Thwaites En am. 26;
Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 193. Hibiscus odoratus, lioxb. LLort. Beng.
50. P. sidoides, Hm-n. in DC. Frodr. i. 444 ; Wall. Cat. 1886 F, G. P. rosea,
Wall. Cat. 1887 ; P. Romborua, Wall. Cat. 2690.
North-West provinces, Sindh and Banda, Edgeworth; Western Peninsula,
BiRMA and Cevlon. — Distrib. East Trop. Africa.
Erect, herbaceous, covered with sticky hairs. Leaves 24 by 3 in., cordate-ovate, with
3-5 shallow pointed lobes ; lower petioles longer than the blades. Peduncles as long
as the leaves, 1-fiowered, clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles tC-12,
linear. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla pink, twice the length of the calyx. Carpels
obovoid.
5. P. ceratocarpa, Dahell in herb. ; stellate-hairy, leaves oblong ir-
regularly toothed, carpels each with 3 terminal horns and 4 linear basal
appendages.
Sindh, Stocks.
An uudershrub. Leaves 1^-2 by 1 in., oblong, rounded at the base, obtuse, irregu-
larly coarsely toothed ; petiole | in. Peduncles axillary and crowded at the end of the
branches, jointed near the lop. Flowers 1 in. diam. Bracttoles 10, linear, conuate at
332 xxvT. MALVACE^. (Moxwell T. Masters.) [Pavonia.
the base. Calyx broadly campanulate,' lobes deltoid. Corolln yellow, 2-3 times longer
than the calyx. Ovary depressed CarpeU 5, woody, pyritbrm, splitting through the
back, 3-horned at the apex, and with 4 linear obtuse wing-like appendages at the base.
— Leaves gratefully acid, as in Oxalis, Dalzell.
6. P. propinqua, Garche in Sdiweinf. Fl. uEthiop. i. 55 ; suffnitescent,
stellate-hairy, leaves wblong crenate, bracteoles 10 linear-lanceolate, carpels
■with 2 short prickles. Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 191. P. grewioides,
Ilochst. n. Schimp. Exsicc. Abyss. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 837.
SiNDH, Stocks. — DisTRiB. Beluchistan, Abyssinia.
Leaves 1-4 in., subcordate ; petioles shorter than the leaves ; stipules linear-
subulate. Peduncles solitary, axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches.
Bracteoles nearly free, one-half longer than the ovate lanceolate sepals. Corolla yellow,
1 in. diam., exceeding the bracteoles. Fruit subglobose, depressed ; carpels woody.
Under the name Diplopenta, Alefeld (in (Estr. Bot. Zeit. 1863, p. 11) describes a
genus of Malvacece, which he says differs from Pavonia in the presence of 5 stigmatic
branches instead of 10. To tliis genus he refers Pavonia odorata, Willd., and a new
species, which he calls D. pedunculosa, and which, he says, has been confused with
P zeylanica. I have seen no specimen of this genus, and suspect some error or acci-
dental cohesion of styles.
8. DECASCHZSTZA, W. k A.
Shrubs. Leaves entire or lobed. Floivers shortly peduncled, axillary or
clustered and terminal. Bracteoles 10. iSej^als 5, connate below. Petals 5,
connate below and adnate to the tube of tlie .stamens. Staminal-tuhe giving
off many filaments below the apex. Ovary 10-celled, cells 1-ovuled ; styles !(►,
connate below, stigmas capitate. Capsule loculicidally 10-valved. Seeds
reniform, ascending. — Distrib. The following are the only species.
1. I>. trilobata, Wight Ic. t. 88 ; lower leaves deeply 3-lobed, bracteoles
considerably shorter tliau the calyx. IJalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. FL 21.
We.stekn Pkninsula ; Mysore, the Concan, and Dekkan,
A shrub, branches more or less hi.spid or tomentose. Upper leaves sometimes entire,
lanceolate, lower more or less 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, finely ser-
rate ; petiole \ in., downy ; stipules linear or 3-lobed, equal to the petioles. Peduncle
Bplitary, axillary, as long or longer than the petiole. Flowers 2 in. diam. Bracteoles
linear. Sepals deltoid, connate below, twice the length of the bracteoles. Capsule
hi.spid.
2. D. crotonlfolia, W. d- A. Prodr. i. 62 ; leaves simple rarely lobed
coarsely toothed, bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx. Wight Ic. t. 42.
Hibiscus crot()nif(jliu.s, Wall. Cat. 1900 and 1901. H. pteroj>permoides,
Wight mss. ; Wall. Cat. 1901 B. H. coriaceus, lleyne mss. ; W. d' A. I.e.
Western Peninsula; Mysore and Madura. UrPER Ganoetic plain, Boyle.
A shrub. Leaves 4 by 2 in., leathery, simple or slightly lobed, coarsely toothed,
velvety on both surfaces with a short dense tomentum, whitish beneath, midiib with a
glandular pore at the base; petiole l^iti.; stipules linear-subulate. Peduncle longer
than the petiole. Bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx. CapsiUe slightly hispid.
Among Maingay's specimens from Rangoon, is one (n. 213?) of which the flowers are
too imperfect to allow of examination, but which is probably referable to this genus.
Leaves 5 by 2 in., oblong lanceolate, subcordate, sometimes 3-lobed at the apex, hoary-
tomentose beneath ; petiole ^ in. Peduncle solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, as long as the
Eetiole. Bracteoles 10, subulate-lanceolate, half the length of the calyx ; sepals lanceo-
ite. Corolla pink, 4 in. diam.
Julostyles.l xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 333
9. JUX.OSTVZ.es, Thwaites.
A tree. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate, entire, puberulnus. Panicle
terminal, pendulous. Bracteoles 5, forming below a bell-shaped tube. Sepals
5, smaller than the bracteoles, connate below. Petals 5, cotinate below,
exceeding the sepals. Siaminal-iube antheriferous below the middle,
5-toothed above. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, connate below and densely hairy,
free at the apex, stigmas large, globose, woolly ; ovules 2, collateral in
each cell ascending. Fruit not seen.
1. J. ang^ustifolia, Thwaites Enum. .30; Beddotne Fl. Sylvat. Anal.
Gen. t. iii. Kydia angustifolia, Am. Pug. PL Ind. Or. 4 (322).
Ceylon; south of the island, not uncommon, Thwaites.
A low tree. Leaves 5-8 by 1^-3 in., paler beneath ; petiole |-| in. Flowers ^ in.
diam. Corolla pale yellow with a reddish centre. Pollen-grains globose, muricate.
10. BICi:i.Z.OSTVZ.Z:S, Benth.
Trees, more or less covered with stellate down. Leaves simple, or slightly
lobed. Iiiflorescence panicled ; bracteoles 4-6, lanceolate, connate at the
base, longer than the calyx. Seuals 5, ovate, connate below the middle, in-
ternally provided at the base with a ring of fleshy tubercles. Petals oblong,
unsymmetrical, connate at the base. Filaments many, connate at the very
base. Ovary 2-4-celled ; styles 2, connate below the middle, stigmas large
globose ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, ascending. Capsule globose, hispid,
8-lobed, splitting into 2 (or more) indehiscent cocci. Seeds solitary, reniform,
albumen fleshy ; cotyledons folded. — Disteib. So far as known, exclusively
Indian.
1. D. jujublfolia, Benth. in Gen. PL i. 207 ; flowers panicled, bracteoles
oblong-lanceolate. Kydia jujubifolia, Griff. Notul. iv. 534, Ic. PL Asiat,
t. 595.
Eastern Tropical Himalaya; Siklcira and Bbotan Mts., Griffith, &c.
A tiee. Leaves 3 by 2 in., ovate-acute, or ovate-lanceolate, entire or obscurely lobed,
rounded at the base, glabrous above, closely felted beneath, 5-nerved, nerves convergent ;
petiole 4 in., stellate-tomentose. Inflorescence panicled. Mature floioer 1^ in. diam.
Bracteoles oblong, many-ribbed. Sepals oblong, half the length of the bracteoles.
Petals oblong, obtuse, oblique, nearly as long as the bracteoles. Filaments 25-30, free
nearly to the base ; anthers reniform. Ovary globose ; style cylindric below, branched
above.
2. ]>. axillaris, Benth. I.e. ; flowers solitary axillary, bracteoles linear-
oblong. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 3; Thwaites Enum. 401.
Kydia axillaris, Thwaites Enum. 30.
Ceylon ; near Badulla, alt. 2000 ft., Tlmoaites,
A tree. Leaves 24-4^ by 1^-2 in., ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, paler be-
neath, feather-veined; petiole |-^in.; stipules Hnear-lanceolate. 1 -nerved, equalling
the petiole. Pedunch about the length of the petiole. Bracteoles 1 by \-^ in. Calyx
4 ill., cUp-shaped, 5-toothed. Stamens connate at the base into a short tube, adherent
to the petals. Or^f^r?/ 2-celled; styles twice the length of the stamens, connate below
the middle. Fruit hispid.
11. SENRA, Cav.
(By error Serraea, Serra, and Senraea.)
A downy undershrub. Leaves orbicular, 3-lobed. Inflorescence axillary.
Bracteoles 3, large, membranous, free. Sepals 5, lanceolate, connate below.
334 XXVI. MALVACEAE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Senm.
Peiah 5, combined below. Staminal-tiihe slicrhtly 5-toothed, antheriferous
below the summit. Filaments numerous. Ovarii 5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ;
styles 5, stigma capitate. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, valves opposite
the sepals. Seeds reniform, ascending, 1 in each cell.
1. S. incana, Cav. Dm. ii. 83, t. 35, f. 3 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 838 ; Mast,
in Oliv. Fl. I'vop. Afr. i. 194. Serraea incana, Decaime in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2.
iv. 70, t. 4; Wiffh'f Ic. t. 1592. S. rupestrrs, Edgew. Cat. Band. PI. 44?;
Dumreichera, Hochst. in Schimp. PJ. Abyss, exsicc.
SiNDH, ou rocks, Stocks, Vicary ; ? Banda, Edgeworth — Distrib. Arabia, Abyssinia,
Nubia.
Leaves long-pctioled, denticulate ; stipules fugitive. Peduncles shorter than the
petiole, ultimately dellexed. Bracteoles oval, cordate, membranous. Calyx bell-
shaped. Petals obovatc, yellow or violet, exceeding the calyx, shorter than the brac-
teoles. Seeds pilose and with black dots. — Varies in size of calyx and bracteoles.
12. HIBISCUS, Medik.
Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves stijnilate, usually more or less palmately-
lobed. Injlorescence axillary. Bracteoles 5 or more, rarely fewer or 0, free,
or connate at the base. Calyx 5-tootlied or 5-fid, valvate, sometimes
spathaceous and circumsciss. Petals 5, connate at the base with the stami-
nal-tube. Staminal-tidje truncate or 5-toothed at tlie sinnmit ; filaments
many ; anthers reniform, 1-celled. O^'a^v/ 5-celled, cells .(^iposite the sepals,
each with 3 or more ovules ; styles 5, connate below, stigma cajntate or sub-
spathulate. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, sometimes with a separate endo-
carp, or with false dissepiments forming a spuriously 10- celled fruit. Seeds
glabrous, hairy or woolly. — Distrib. A genus of about 150 species, most
abundant in the tropical regions of both hennspheres.
Sect. 1. Trionum, Medik. Calyx membranous, 5-cleft, ventricose.
1. K. Trionum, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 453 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 840. H.
vesicarius, C((v. Diss. iii. 171, t. 64, f. 2 ; W. <k A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Dah. <Sc Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 19. H. dissectus, Wall. Cat. 2696.
Western Himalaya; Kashmir, Simla; Bbnoal, Coxcan, Sindh. — Distrib. S. Europe
and hotter parts of the Old World,
Annual, more or less pubescent. Lmrer leaves orbicular, undivided, uppor 3-5-parted,
lobes obovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed. Bractt^oles numerous, linear. Flowers H in.
diam., yellow with a purple spot. Calyx with hispid green nerves.' Capaule oblong,
obtuse. /iS'ee^ glabrous. — Variable in pubescence, lobing of leaf, size of flower, &c.
Sect. 2. Furcaria, DC. Calyx persistent, 5- cleft. Bracteoles distinct,
forked at the apex, or provided with a leafy appendage.
2. H. surattensis, lymn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 440 ; stem with recurved
])rickles, stipules leafy broad ear-shaped. W. d- A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Poxfj. Fl.
lad. iii. 205 ; Wight Ic. t. 197 ; Cav. Diss. iii. t. 53, f. 1 ; Thivaites Enum.
26 : Wall. Cat. 1893, 1, 2, 3, D, E, F, G ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20 ; Mast.
in a'iv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 2ul ; Mirjf. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 161. H. furcatus,
Wall. Cat. 1896 C, not of Roxb.—Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 44.
Hotter parts of Ixdia, from Bengal to Penang, and CErLox. — Distrib. Tropical
Asia, Africii, and Australia.
A weak-stenMned trailing plant, covered with soft hairs and scattered prickles. Leaves
long-petioled, roundish, deeply and palmately 3-5-fid, lobes serrate. Ptduncle equalling
Hibiscus.] XXVI. malvaceje. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 335
the petiole. Bracteoles linear, with a spathulate appendage. Flowers yellow, with a
dark centre. Capsule hairy, ovoid. Seeds downy.
3. H. furcatus, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Flor. Ind. iii. 204 ; shrubby,
perennial or annual, prickly, leaves 3-5-lobed, stipules lanceolate, peduncles
scattered. DC Prodr. i. 449; Wall. Cat 1896, 1, 2, A, 1^, D ; W. 4; A.
Prodr. i. 48 ; Tliwaites Enum. 26 ; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 19 ; Mast, in
Oliv. Ft. Trop. Afr. i. 201 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i, pt. 2, 161. 1 H. hispidis-
&\mu^, Griff. Notul. iv. 52. H. aculeatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 206. H. bifur-
catus, Roxb. ic. ined., not of Willd. or of Hort. Beng.
HoTTE.u PAKTS of India, from Bengal to Ceylon. — Djstrib. Trop. and S. Africa,
Asia, &c.
Stem erect, covered with soft down and with scattered slender recurved prickles,
risiiig from a thickened coloured base. Leaves entire or 3-lobed, serrate, pubescent
beneath, prickly along the nerves ; stiptiles oblong-lanceolate. Ptduncles short. Brac-
teoles 10-12, linear, forked. Sepals bristle-pointed. Corolla yellow with a crimson
centre, 4 in. diam. Capsule ovoid, pointed, as long as the calyx.
4. H. radiatus, Willd. ; Roocb. Fl. Ind. iii. 209 ; perennial, prickly, leaves
deeply palmately divided, stipules linear, bracteoles 8-10 linear forked with
or without an appendage. Cav. Diss. iii. 150, t. 54, f. 2 ; DC. Prodr. i. 449 :
W. d' A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Wall. Cat. 1894 A, B; Dalz. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 161. H. Liiidleii, Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 4; Wall.
Cat. 1895, 1, 2, C; Bot. Reg. 1395. H. heptapbyllus, Dalz. dh Gibs. Bomb.
FL 20.
Khasia Mrs., Hk. f. & T.; Sikkim, H.f.; Ava an^ Martaban, Wallich. — Djs-
trib. Java.
Suffrutescent. Leaves A-5 by 1 in., 3-5-lobed, lobes broadly lanceolate, serrate;
petiole^armed, nearly as long as the blade. Flowers axillary, soHtary, shortly peduncled.
Bract^'dtes not glandular. Sepals 5, not glandular. Corolla yellow with a crimson
centre, or all purple. P'ruit not seen. — The leaves are said to have an acid taste.
Sect. 3. Soxnbicella. Bracteoles^ distinct, entire, without appen-
dages. Cal(/x not distended. Seeds cottony or villous.
5. H. hirtus, L. ; W. d A. Prodr. i. 51 ; shrubby, leaves ovate entire
or slightly 3-lobed glandular beneath, peduncles as long as the leaves,
corolla spreading, Wight Ic. t. 41 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20. H. phoeniceus,
Willd. [excl. syn. Linn.); DC. Prodr. i. 452, partly; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 194;
Cav. Diss. iii. t. 67, f. 2 {excl. f) ; Wall. Cat. 1904, B, C, D, E, F. H. rosa-
nialabarica, Ker^ Bot. Reg. t. 337. — Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 1 ; Pluk. t. 254,
f. 3.
Nortii-West PROVINCES, Pcshawur, Jacquemont, Stewart; Concan, Stocks; Western
Peninsula, often cultivated. — Distkib, Java, 3Jiq.
Leaves 3 by 2 in., ovate, acuminate, lower often cordate and 3-lobed, serrate hairy,
with a large gland on the under side of the midrib, serratures in the young leaves
bristle-pointed; petiole 2 in., hairy; stipules linear, ^ in. Peduncle axillary, jointed
below the flower Bracteoles 5-7, subulate, shorter than the linear-lanceolate sepals.
Corolla 4 in diam., pink or white, spreading. Anthers whorled. Capsule globose,
shorter than the calyx. Seeds cottony.
6. ZZ. micranthus, Linn. ; Cav. Diss, iii, t. 66, f. 1 ; scabrid, leaves ovate
glandless, peduncles as long as or longer than the leaves, corolla reflexed.
DC. Prodr. i, 453 ; W. d A. Prodr. 1. 51, Thwaites Enum. -26 ; Dcdz. d
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20; ^fast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 205. H. rigidus, Z. M.
SujjjjI. 310; Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 195 ; WaV. Cat. 1905 B, C, D, E. H. clan-
336 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Hibiscus.
destinus, Cav. Tc. i. t. 2. H. siiborbiculatus, Wall. Cat. 1906. H. ovalifo-
lius, Vahl Symh. i. 50 ; Baiss. Fl. Orient. I 839.
^ Hotter parts op India, from the North West provinces eastward and southward
to Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Arabia, &c.
Shrubby, with slender rod-like spreading branches, thinly covered with stellate
bristles. Leaves |-1 in., ovate or oblong, quite entire or serrate, rough with bristly
hairs; petiole very short. Peduncles axillar}-, as long or longer than the leaves.
Bracteoles linear, shorter than thf calvx. Flowers white or pink, 4 in. diam. SepaU
lanceolate. Corolla reflexed. Anthers whorled. Capsule globose. Seeds cottony. —
Variable ; Roxburgh suspects that it may be specifically identical with H, hirtus. The
green capsules of both are eaten by children. The form called suborbiculatus has
roundish .-errated leaves, but is otherwise not different.
7. K. scindicus, Stocl'sin TTooTc. Tc. Plant, t. 802 ; a hoary undershrub,
leaves glandular, cuueate at the base, petals convolute. Bolss. Flor. Onent.
I 839.
SiNDH, Stocks. — DisTRiB. Bcluchistan.
A much branched tortuous and subspinous undershrub. Leaves snbsessile, thinly
bestrewn with stellate hairs, retuse, toothed ; stipules subulate. Peduncles axillary,
solitary, shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles 6-8, linear-sulmlate. Sepals linear-
lanceolate, connate at the base, longer than the bracteoles. Petals longer than the
calyx, twisted below into a tube. Anthers in a globose head. Ovary cells 2-ovided.
Capsule globose. Seeds with long wool.
8. K. intermedius, A. Mich. Fl. Ahyss. i. 50; annual, with reflexed
prickly hairs, leaves polymorphous glandiess, peduncle shorter than the
leaf. Mast, in Oliv. FL Troj\ A/r. i. 198. H. scandens, Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 20.
SiNDii, Stocks; coast of Kattywar, Dalzell. — Distrib. Arabia, East tropical Africa.
A weak-stemmed annual, with a line of hairs along one side of the branches shifiing
in position at each joint. Leaves entire or irregularly toothed, usually deeply 5-7-
parted ; lobes oblong, wedge-shaped at the base. Peduncle axillary, shorter than the
petiole. Bracteoles strap-shapeil, shorter than the calyx. Floivers 1 in. diara., yellow
with a purple centre. Sej)als lanceolate, 3-nerved, connate at the base. PetaU twice
the length of the calyx. Capsule beaked, hispid, valves slightly winged at the edges.
Seeds black, covered with appressed shining hairs.
Sect. 4. Xiagnnea, Cav. {gen.) Bracteoles small or 0. Seeds pilose or
smooth, nut cottony.
9. K. Solandra, T^Her. Stirp. i. 103, t. 49 ; annual, herbaceous, leaves
palmately lobed or entire, peduncles as lono: as the petioles, seeds tubercled.
Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 197. Mast, in Oliv. FL Trojh Afr. i. 20(5. H. pumilus,
Moxb. FL Ind. iii. 203. H. albus, Wall. Cat. 1870 E. Lagunea lobata,
Willd. ; Cav. Diss. v. t. 13() ; UC. Prodr. i. 474; WalL Cat. 187^, A to D ;
W.ti: A. Prodr. i. 55- TlmaiJes Enum. 27; Valz d: Gibs. B<nnb. FL 21.
Sida heterophylla and S. diversifolia, Sprenq. ex W. <£• A. Prodr. i. 56, aiftd
in Herb. Heyne. Solandra lobata. Murr. C(ymm. Goett vi. t. 11"; Cav. Diss. i.
J/antissa^ i. 55; Lam. III. t. 580. Triguera acerifolia, Cav. Diss. i. t. 11.
Lagunea sileniflora, Wall. Cat 1882.
Hotter parts of India, from the N. W. provinces to Sikkim and from Kumaon and
Birma to Ceylon. — Distrib. East tropical Africa.
Erect, slightly villous. Lower leaves on long petioles, upper palmately lobed, upper-
most 3-fid. Peduncles \{ in., 1-flowered, jointed near the top, arranged in a terminal
loose leafless raceme. Bracteoles linear, usually 0. Flower yullow, f in. diam. Sepals
lanceolate, 3-nervtd, connate at the base, as long as the ovoid beaked capsule. Seeds
blackish.
Hibiscus.] XXVI. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 337
Sect. 5. BLetmia, I)C. Bradeoles entire, free or connate at the base,
sometimes adnate to the calyx-tube. Calyx 5-cleft, not ventricose. Seeds
hairy, not cottony.
* Bradeoles 5, free or connate at the base, not adnate to the calyx.
10. K. fragrans, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 195 ; arborescent, glabrescent,
leaves cordate-ovate acuminate, flowers axillary and terminal, peduncle
shorter than the leaf, bracteoles ovate connate below. Wall. Cat. 1911 A.
SiLHET, Roxburgh; Cachar, Hk. f. & T.; Assam.
A small tree. Yowig leaves 3-4 by 3 in., pubescent, serrate ; petiole ^\ in. Pedun-
cles axillary, panicled, 2-3 in., jointed near the top. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, connate
below, longer than the bracteoles. Corolla 24 in. diam., white, fragrant. Capsule
1 in., cylindric, downy, longer than the persistent calyx. Seeds covered with long white
hairs.
11. K. canescens, Heynein Wall. Cat. 2698; shrubby, leaves acutely
lobed, upper simple tomentose beneath, peduncles axillary shorter than the
petiole, bracteoles linear-subulate longer than the calyx. W. S A. Prodr. i.
49 ; H. septemnervosus, Wight in Wall. Cat. 2693. H. borbonicus, Wight in
Wall. Cat. 2694, not of Link.
Western Peninsula ; Mysore, and the Carnatic.
Stem not prickly. Leaves 3^ by 3 in., roundish, cordate, minutely toothe'1, 7-nerved ;
petiole 3 in. Stipule 1 in., setaceous. Peduncle f in., angular. Bracteoles 1 in.,
striated. Sepals ovate, acute, 3-nerved. Corolla yellow with a pink centre. Capsule
1 4 in., twice the length of the calyx, oblong, pointed, villous. Seeds downy.
12. K. scandens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Flor. Liid. iii. 200 ; {not of Wall.) ;
scandent, pubescent, leaves cordate-ovate sometimes lobed, flowers numerous
in terminal panicles, bracteoles ovate acute connate below the middle.
Wall Cat. 1910, 1910 B.
Tkopical Eastern Himalaya and Eastern Bengal, from Sikkim to Chittagorfg.^
A shrub climbing over lofty trees. Young shoots thinly stellate-tomentose. Leaves
3-8 by 2-5 in., ovate-acuminate, dentate, sometimes 3-angled or 3-lobed, lobes deltcnd-
lanceolate ; petiole 1 in. pilose. Stipides linear-lanceolate, deciduous. .Ptdundes 1 in. ;
flower-buds globose. Flowers \\ in. diam. Sepals oblonir-lanceolat^sli^htly exceed-
ing the bracteoles. Corolla twice the size of the calyx, white or yellovv with a crimson
centre. Fruit not seen.
** Bracteoles more than 5, free or connate at tJie base, not adnate to the calyx.
13. H. macrophyllus, Po',rb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; arborescent or shrubby,
villous, leaves entire orbicular cordate rarely lobed hispid, bracteoles large
spathaceous deciduous, flowers in terminal cymes. Wall. PI. As. Ear. i. 44,
t. 51, Wall. Cat. 1903. H. setosus, Poxb. FL Ind. iii. 194. H. vestitus,
Griff. Notul. iv. 519.
Eastern Bengal and the Eastern Peninsula, from Silhet *nd Chittagong to
Mergui and Penang.
A tree or shrub more or less covered with brown, villous, often tufted hairs. Leaves
large, 7-9-nerved, very hairy on the lower surface ; petiole 7-8 in., longer than the
blade. Stipules large, oblong, foliaceous, deciduous. Ivflorescence terminal, many-
flowered, cyraos-e ; pedicels 14-2 in., shaggy like the petioles with brown hairs, articu-
lated at the top and provided at the joint with two large spathaceous caducous bracts
connate below. Bracteoles 10-12, linear, 1 in., connate at the very ba.'^e, equalling the
calyx. Sepals 5, lanceolate, connate l)elow the middle into a bell-shaped 10-ribbed
tube. Corolla 4 in. diam., purple. Capsule oblong, pointed, hispid, as long as the
persistent calyx. Seeds densely bearded with long silky fulvous hairs.
VOL. I. 7,
V
338 XXVI. MALVACEAE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Hibiscus.
14. K. coUinuSf Eoxb. Hoii. Beng. 51 ; Flor. Ind. iii. 198 ; arborescent,
leaves lobecl, peduncles axillary shorter than the leaves, bracteoles 8-10
oblong wavy free. Wall Cat. 1908 E. H. aestuans. Wall. Cat. 1908 B.
H. asperatus, Wall. Cat. 1908 C. H. acerifolius, DC. Frodr. i.4A8. H. erio-
carpus, DC. Prodr. i. 452 ; W. d' A. Frodr. i. 51 ; TJmaites Enum. 26.
Hibiscus simplex, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 61; G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 480 ; W. d' A.
Frodr. i. 51. Pavonia acerifolia. Lk. d: Otto. Ic. Fl. Select, x. t. 1.
Western Peninsula ; in the Concan, Circars, and Coromandel ; Ceylon.
Stem wilhcmt prickles. Leaves 4 in., glabrous or thinly hairy, cordate, 3-lobed ;
lobes oblong, narrowed at the base, acuminate, margin wavy; petiole 2 in. Stipules
setaceous. Peduncle 2 m. jBracfeoZe | in., nearly equal to the calyx. /Sp/?a/« oblong,
lanceolate, 1 nei-ved. Corolla 2-3 in. diam., pink with a dark centre; claw of petal
hairy. Staminal-tuhe antheriferous all the way down ; anthers whorled. Capsule
4 in., orbicular, depressed, densely hispid. Seeds spherical, glabrescent.
15. K. lunariifolius, Willd.; DC. Frodr. i. 451 ; herbaceous, perennial,
clothed with api)ressed hairs, leaves angled or lobtd, peduncles very short
forming a terminal leafless raceme, bracteoles 5-10 lanceolate connate at
the base. W. <(\ A. Frodr. i. 49 ; Wight Ic. t. 6; Thmiites Envm. 401;
Alast. in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i 202 ; Miq^ Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 159. H. pru-
riens, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 51 • Fl. Ind. iii. 196 ; Wall. Cat. 1892 ; DC. Frodr.
i. 448. H. racemosus, Lindt. Bot. Reg. t. 917. H. sidoides, W. d A. Frodr.
i. 494.
Western Peninsula, in ihe Carnatic and Mysore; Birma, Wallich; Ceylon. —
DiSTRiB. Tropical Africa.
Stem covered with ri^'id pungent hairs. Leaves about 3 in. diam., roundish-cordate,
fclij:htly and acutely 3-o-lobed, serrate, hairy beneath; petiole as long or longer than
the blade. Stipules subulate. Peduncles thickened below the flower, very hairy.
Flowers 4 in. diam., yellow, with a dark centre. Bracteoles longer than the calyx.
SepaU linear. Corolla convolute. Staminaltube antherilerous all the way down.
Capsule ovuid, beaked, clothed with pungent huirs. Seeds kidney-shaped.
16. K. pandureeformls, B;(rm. Fl. Ind. 151, t. 47, f. 2; annual or
I)eroniiial. witliuut i)iickles cicnsely clothed with sticky hairs, leaves cordate
angular tomentose, ])eduncles very short, bracteoles 7-10 linear-spathulate,
free. W. d A. Frodr. i. 50 ; Phwaites Emim. 26 ; Dalz. d- Gils. Bf/mh. Fl.
20. H. tubulosus, Cav. Diss. iii. 161, t. 68, f. 2 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Fl.
Ind. iii. 196; DC. Frodr. i. 447 ; Wall. Cat. 1902 E, G ; 3Iiq. FL Ind. Bat.
i. pt. 2, 157. H. setosus, Wall. Cat. 1902 {jiot of Roxb.). H. velutinus, DC.
Frodr. i. 452.
Hotter parts of India, from the North-West provinces to Birma and Ceylon. —
DisTHiB. 'Jropical Africa and Australia.
Leaves tomentose, hispid, whitish beneath, slightly 5-lobed, upper narrow ; petiole
about 2 in., shorter than the blade. iStipules linear, divided, deciduous. Peduncles | in.,
axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles shorter than the calyx.
Sepals lanceolate, connate below into a cup-shaped tube. Petals yellow with a purple
centre or all purple. Filaments few. Capsule ovoid, very hairy. Seeds pubescent or
glabrous.
17. K. vitifclius, L. ; DC. Frodr. i. 450 ; annual or biennial, villous,
leaves :i-5-lobed, bracteoles 8-12 free, capsule 5-wii)ged. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
200 ; Wall. Cat. Ib99, 1, 2, 3, and E, F, G ; Cav. Diss. iii. 145, t. 58, f. 2 ;
W.d A. Frodr. i. 60; Th%aites Enum. 26; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 160. H. obtusifolius, Willd. ; DC. Frodr. Ic. ;
W((ll. Cat. 1899 D. H. truncatus, Roxb. Hort. Btng. 51 ; Flor. Ind. iii. 200.
H. serratus. Wall. Cat. 1900, 1, 2. H. cuspidatus, Edgew. Cat. Banda
Fl. 44.—Rfi£ed€ Hort. Mai. vi. t. 46,
BiMscus.] XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 339
Hotter parts of India, from the North-West provinces to Ceylox. — Distrib.
Tropical Africa and Australia.
Herbaceous. Leaves tomentose on both sides, cordate, roundish or angled, 3-5 lobed,
lobes oblong lanceolate, coarsely serrate, lower 4 in. ; petiole 24 in. Peduncles solitary,
axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petiole, jointed in the middle, often aggregated at
the ends of the branches. Bracteoles linear, shorter than the bell-shaped 5 cleft calyx.
Sepals lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, connate below the middle. Petals yellow with a
purple spot, twice or thrice longer than the sepals. Anthers regularly arranged along
the whole length of the staminal tube, ^psule beaked, hairy, shorter than the calyx,
valves winged at the edge. Seeds tubercled. — H. truncatus, Roxb., is a variety
with much smaller parts.
18. H. procerus, Wall. Cat. 2692 ; perennial, prickly, leaves glabrous
deeply 5-7-parted, bracteoles 8-10 free linear covered with tawny tomentum,
sepals lanceolate bristly, corolla large.
BiRMA, Wallich.
Prickles of stem conical, with a whitish base. Leaves 8 by 5 in., roundish, deeply
3-7-9-partea, lobes lanceolate, serrate, glabrous, midrib prickly, upper leaves 3-part'd,
uppermost lanceolate ; petiole 1-2 in., lower 4 in. Stipules ^ in., linear, pilose. Pe-
duncles 4 in., aggregated at the ends of the branches and with the bracteoles and calyx
clothed with tawny tomentum. Sepals \ in. Corolla 6 in. diam., pink with a dark
centre. Capsule ovoid, pointed, shorter than the sepals. Seeds black, tubercled.
19. K. cannabinus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 450 ; annual or perennial,
prickly, stem glabrous, lower leaves entire upper lobed, mid-nerve glandular
beneath, peduncle very short, bracteoles 7-10 linear, shorter than the calyx,
sepals glandular. Ga.v. Diss. iii. 148, t. 52. f. 1 ; Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 208 ;
Cor. PI. i. t. 190 ; Wall. Cat. 1898 ? ; W.&A. Prodr. i. 50 ; TMvaites Evura.
26 ; Dak. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20. H. Wightianus, Wall. Cat. 2695 and 1898.
Generally cultivated ; apparently wild East of the Northern Ghauts. — Distrib. Culti-
vated, in most tropical countries.
Stem glabrous, prickly. Lower leaves cordate, upper deeply palmately lobed, lobes
narrow, serrate ; petiole prickly, lower much longer than the blade. Stipules liiiear,
pointed. ^Peduncles axillary, very short. Sepals bristly, lanceolate, connate below the
middle, with a gland at the back of each. Corolla large, spreading, yellow with a
C'-imson centre. Capsule globose, pointed, bristly. Seeds nearly glabrous. — All parts
agreeably acid. The .stems furnish fibre. — The specimen of II. Wightianus in Wallich's
herbarium is imperfect, but it is doubtless referable to this species; its leaves are
simple. >-
20. K. diversifolius, Jacq. Ic. PI. Par. t. 551 ; perennial, stem pubes-
cent covered vv^ith short stout conical prickles, leaves long-petioled scabrous
roundish or angular 3-5-lobed, bracteoles 10 linear very bristly half the length
of the calyx. Poxb. PI. Ind. iii. 208 ; DC. Prodr. i. 449 1 ; Pot. Peg. t. 381 ;
Ma4. in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 198. H. scaber, Wall. Cat. 1894 C, and
1897, 18982.
BiRMA, Wallich. — Distrib. Tropical Africa and Australia.
A tall herb or undershrub, with the branches, petioles and nerves of leaves armed
with hard conical prickles. Leaves variable, usually cordate, roundish, slightly lobed,
lobes acute, upper nearly entire, lanceolate. Peduncles very short bristly, axillary,
racemose. Sepals linear-lanceolate, bristly not glandular. Corolla 3 or 4 times the
size of the calyx. Capsule ovoid, pointed, hispid, ultimately glabrescent. Seeds
smooth. — The specimens from Birma do not materially differ from those grown in the
Calcutta garden. I refer to De Candolle's plant with doubt, as he gives as a synonym
H.ficulneus of Cav., quite a different plant.
21. Ki G-ibsoni, Stocks mss. ; an undershrub, branches bristly or with
minute prickles, leaves deeply palmately divided, peduncle longer than the
z 2
340 XXVI. MALVACE^. (MaxwcU T. Masters.) [Eilnsctis.
leaves, bracteoles free linear prickly curving over the calyx. H. penta-
piiyllus, /'. MueH. Fragm. Pkyt. Aust. ix. 13; Mast, in Oliv. Flor. Trap.
Afr. i. 198 {not of Roxb.).
The Panjab, Deccan, Concan, and Sindh, Stocks, &c. — ^Distrib. Affghanistan,
South tropical Africa. North Australia.
Leaves 1-3 in., oblong- lanceolate, serrate, glabrous or with numerous forked hairs;
petiole as long as the blade. Piduncles tiolitary, axillary, Bracteoles longer than the
calyx. Sepals lanceolate, 5-nerved, connate below into a bell-shaped tube. Cortlla
twice the length of the bracts, yellow with a purple centre, or all purple. Staminal-
tvhe half covered with anthers. Capsule ovoid, pointed ; valves setose. Seeds pilose.
22. H. punctatus, DaheU in Dah. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. HO (18G1) ;
annual, stellately pubescent and glutinous, leaves ovate more or less
3-lobed, peduncle as long as the petiole, bracteoles 8-10 linear, shorter than
the calyx connate at the base, petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. H.
la^uueoides, Edgew. in Journ. Linn. Soc, vi. 199 (1862).
SiNbH, Stocks ; MooLTAN, Edgeworth.
A lax branching annual. Leaves distant, ronnded ovate, acute, entire or 3-lobed,
lobe.s oblong, sinuate-dentate ; petiole If in., shorter than the blades. Strpitlea minute,
sulmlate. Pedii.iicles 1-2 in., sub-paiiicled, joiutod at the top. Cali/x bell-sliaped;
sepals deltoid, lanceolate, connate oelow the middle. Pefa^ rose-coloured. Capsule
b( aked. pilose, as long as the calyx. Seeds tubercled, black. — Yields good hemp
(JJahell),
*^'* Bracteoles adnate to the base of the calyx.
2;3. H. SabdarlfTa, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 453 ; annual, glabrous, unarmed,
steuj purplish, leaves entire or lobed glandular beneath, peduncles very short
tliicktned at the .sumniit, bracteoles 8-12 linear adnate to the base of the
calyx, sepals bristly. W. d' A. Prodr. i. 52 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 158 ;
Wall. Cat. 1909 ; Cav. Diss, iil p. 170 ; vi 351, t. 198, f. 1. ?H. sanguineus,
Grif. Not. iv. 520.
Generally cultivated in the hotter parts of India, and in Ceylon. — Distbib. Culti-
vaJed in the Tropics.
Erect. Leaves polymorphous, midrib glandular beneath; petiole 2 in. 'Peduncle
solitary, axillary, shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles and calyx accrescent. Sepals
d'-ltoid, acuminate, conrtale below the middle into a purplish fleshy cup. Corolla 2A in.
diam., yellow. Capsule, ovoid, pointed, villwus, shorter than the calyx. Seeds renifurm,
sub-glabrous. — The liozelle of India, and Red Sorrell of the W. Indies.
Sect. 6. Abelmoschus. Calyx elongate, spathaceous, circumsciss.
* Bracteoles 4-6, broad ., leafy.
24. K. ficulneus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 448 : annual, prickly, leaves pal-
niately 3-5-lobed lobes glabrous narrowed at the base, bracteoles 5-6 lanceo-
late villous fugacious, capsule ovoid. Wall. Cat. 2697 B. H. prostratus,
Poxb. Fl. Did. iii. 208. H. strictus, Poxb. Ilort. Peng. 52 ; Flor. Did. iii. 206.
H. sinuatus. Car. Di^s. iii. t. 52, f. 2. Abelmoschus ficulneus, W. dA. Prodr.
i. 53 ; Wight Ic^ t. 154 ; Thivaites Enum. 27 ; Mvi. Fl. Did. Bat. i. pt. 2, 152.
Lagunea aculeata, Cav. Diss. iii. t. 71, f. 1 j DC. Prodr. i. 474. ,
ITofter parts of India, from the Nokth-West rRoviNCES and Panjab to Bengal, the
CiiujAR.s, and Concan ("Native of the southern provinces of the Peninsula, naturalized
e^lsewhere, W. d: A. I.e.").
Branches shining, covered with small sharp tubercles. Youvg leaves rounded-
cordate, adult hispid, palmately lobed with wide sinuses, lobes unequally toothed ;
petiole 2^-4 in., as long «s the leaves. Stijnde.^ subulate, lanceolate, caducous. Pe-
duncles hall" the length of the petioles, the upper in a leafless raceme. Sepals 5, hispid,
Hibiscus.] XXVI. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 341
connate for almost their whole length. Corolla 1 in. diam., white with a rosy centre.
Anthers equally distributed. Capsule tomentose, covered with viscid points when
green. /Seeds globose, sulcate, slightly pilose. — Roxburgh calls special attention to the
excellence of the fibre of this plant. His H. prostratus is a form with procumbent
branches.
25. H. pun^ens, Boxb. Ilori. Beng. 50; Fl Ind. iii. 213; annual or
perennial, bristly, petiole longer than the deeply-lobed leaves, lobes
oblong acuminate toothed, bracteoles 4-5 persistent oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, as long as the cuspidate hispid capsule. H. vestitus, Wall.
Cat. 1924 partly. Bamia pungens, Wall. Cat. 1924.
Tropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft. ; Khasia Mts.
Stem erect, branches ascending, bristly and with scattered black dots. Leaves
5-8 in., cordate roundish, deeply palmately 7-lobed, lobes oblong acuminate, toothed,
upper ones 3-lobed ; petiole 8-10 in. Stipules broad lanceolate, upper linear-setaceous.
Peduncles 1-2 in., racemose. Bracteoles 1 in., accrescent. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla
yellow with a purple centre, 5 in. diam. Column antheriferous throughout. Capsule
I in.
H. Manihot L. ; DC. Prodr. i 448 ; annual, subglabrous, leaves deeply
palmately-lobed, lobes linear-oblong coarsely toothed or lobulate, peduncles
defiexed, bracteoles 4-6 persistent ovate-lanceolate. WaU. Cat. 1926;
Cav. Diss. iii. 172, t. 63, f. 2. H. pentaphyllus, Moxb, Hart. Beng. 52 ;
Flor. Ind. iii. 212 {not of F. Muell).
Naturalized in Bengal ; introduced from China.
A tall almost glabrous herb. Leaves 5-6 by 6-7 in. ; petiole nearly as long as the
blade. Stipules lanceolate. Peduncles 1^ in., ultimately drooping. Flowers 5 in,
diam., yellow with a purple centre. Staminal-tube antheriferous all the way down.
Capsule oblong, pointed, hispid (5-seeded, Roxh.).
26. K. tetraphyllus, Roxh. Hart. Beng. 52 ; Fl. Ind. iii, 211 ; annual
hispid and slightly prickly, leaves cordate very deeply 5-7-lobed lobes
lanceolate crenate-toothed, bracteoles persistent broadly ovate lanceolate
equalling the cuspidate capsule. H. canaranus, Miq. PI. HoJienack exsicc.
Bamia tetraphylla. Wall. Cat. 1925. Abelmoschus tetraphyllus, Grah. Col.
Bomb. 14. A. Warreensis, i>a^2;. m//oo^'. /im' J^oz/yni. ^0^. iii. 123; Dalz. <k
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 19. Erebennus canaranus, Alefeld iii (Est. Bot. Zeit. 1863, 14.
Bengal, near Calcutta, Roxburgh; Concan, and Canara, Gibson, &c.
Stem 4-6 ft. Leaves scabrous ; petiole 2]^ in. Stijmles ovate-lanceolate. Peduncles
1 in., axillary, and clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles ^-f in., shorter
than the calyx. Floioers 2 in. diam., yellow. Capsule ovate, 5-angled, hispid, I4 in.
/Seeds smooth. — Dalzell, I.e., says his A. Warreensis differs from A. tetraphyllus m the
persistent not deciduous bracteoles, but in most of the specimens the bracteoles are
persistent. There is great variation in foliage and pubescence.
27. H. ang'ulosus, Mast. ; herbaceous, not prickly, leaf-lobes ovate
acuminate, bracteoles fugacious, capsule ovoid pointed hispid as long as the
calyx. Abelmoschus angulosus, W. d- A. Prodr. i. 53 ; Wig fit. Ic. t 951 ; ///,
i. 65 ; Thwaites Enum. 26. Bamia angulosa, Wall. Cat. 1927 ; Hymenocalyx
variabilis, Zenker ex Wight, III. p. 65.
Western Peninsula ; Concan, Malabar, and Nilghirris Mts. ; Ceylon.
iyert?;es about 4 in., pubescent above, tomentose below, cordate, palmately 5-lobed ;
petiole 5-6 in. Peduncles not exceeding the petiole, densely hispid, hairs spreading.
Bracteoles ovate. Calyx \\ in., ovate-lanceolate, hispid; sepals slightly cohering.
Corolla 5 in. diam.
Var. 1. grandiflorus, Thwaites Enum. 26 ; petioles scabrous not hispid, corolla yellow,
seeds subpj riform.
342 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Hibiscus.
Var. 2. purpureus, Thwaite?, I.e.; petiole covered with rigid spreading hairs, corolla
purple, seeds globose.
28. K. hostills, Wall. ms. ; annual, bristly, leaves large cordate angular
palmately 5-lobed lobes dentate, bracteoles 5-6 ovate-lanceolate, capsule
oblong-lanceoiate setose. Bamia magnifica, Wall. Cat. 1919.
BiRMA, Wallich.
Erect, s^ew glabrescent. Leaves 10 by 8 in., lobes acute; petioles of lower leaves
10 in. Stipules ovate-lanceolate. Peduncle 2 in., dilated at apex. Bracteoles ^ &a
long as the capsule, shorter than the caly«. Flowers 6-8 in. diam. Capsule 2 in.
long, cuspidate.
**
JBi^adeoles generally more than 5, linear.
29. SZ. Abelinoschus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 462 ; annual, hispid, leaves
polymoqdioiis base cordate hastate or sagittate with acute lobes, peduncles
as lon^ as the petioles, bracteoles 6-12 linear much shorter than the
oblong-lanceolate setose glabrescent capsule. Roxh. FL IiuL iii. 202 ; Griff.
Not. iv. 521. Abelnioschus moschatus, Moench ; W. d'A. Prod. i. 53; Wig lit.
Ic. t. 399 ; Wall. Cat. 1915, F, G, H, I, K, L ; Thwaites PJnum. 27; Jliq.
FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 151. H. flavescens, Cav. Diss. iii. t. 70, f. 2 ; DC. I.e. 454.
H, spathaceus, Wall. Cat. 1913, 1913 A, 1915. H. riciiiifoliu.s, Wall. Cat. 1915.
H. chinensis, Wall. Cat. 1616? H. sagittifolius, /w^rz. in Journ. As. ISoc.
Beng. 1871, ii. p. Ai5—Rheede Ilort. Mai. ii. t. 38.
Through the hotter parts of India. — Distrib. Cultivated in most tropical countries.
Hi-rbaceous, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves usually palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes npreading,
oblouiT-lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed. Stipules Hnejyi, Peduncles 2 in.,
ecjualiing the petiole. Bracteoles \i-\m. Calyx 1| in., oblong,^^oothed. Corolla
4 in. diam., yellow with a crimson centre. Capsule 1-3 in. Seeds renitbrm, striate,
musky. — Very variable. The following forms may be distinguislieJ : —
Var. 1. multiformis, Bamia Sp. Wall. Cat. 1917; lower leaves roundish-cordate,
upper oblong-sagitt.ite, uppermost linear-lanceolate. Birma.
V^AR. 2. betulifolius, Bamia Sp. Wail. Cat. 1918 ; leaves orbicular-cordate, bnacteoles
longer than in the type.
30. H. rugrosus, Mast. ; annual, hispid, bristly, leaves cordate or
hastate 5-lobed h)bes lanceolate serrate, peduncles racemose, bracteoles 10
setaceous, capsule ovoid hairy. H. hirtus. Bach, ex Roxh. PI. Ind. iii. 203,
not of otiiers. Bamia'rugosa, Wall. Cat. 1923. Abelmoschus rugosus, W.d;A.
Prodr. i. 53.
Mysore, Hamilton ; Madura hills, Wif/ht.
Stem erect, hispid not aculeate. Leaves polymorphous, lower lobed, upper lanceo-
late, nearly entire ; petiole nearly as long as the leaves. Stipules subulate. Brac-
teoles half the length of the capsule. Flowers yellow with a red centre. Capsule 1 in.,
ovoid, 5-iingled, hairy. Sctdi numerous. — Perhaps not distinct from H. Abelmoschus.
■W. K. cancellatus, R<k,^). Uort. Beng. 51 ; FL Ind. iii. 201 ; annual,
erect, very bri.stly, leaves cordate angled crenate, bracteoles 10-15 long
filiform incurved hispid. Abelmoschus (Bamia) crinitus, Wall. PL As.
Rar. i. 39, t. 44. A. racemosus. Wall. Cat. 1929 {not H. racemosus of Liiidley).
Bamia cancellata a7id B. fusitormis, WalL Cat. 1920, 1921.
North- West provinces, Falconer ; Kumaon, ascending to 4000 ft.; Nepal, Hamil-
ton; Pegu.
Root fusiform. Stem herbaceous, 2-3 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 3-5 in., cordate, roundish,
obtusely 5-angled, crenate-toothed, sometimes lobed, upper sagittate ; petiole 4 in.
Stipules linear. Peduncles much shorter than the petiole, racemose at the ends of the
branches, each with 2 bracts at the base. Bracteoles Hnear-setaceous, 14 in. Flowers
RiMscus.] XXVI. MALVACEiE. (IVIaxwell T. Masters.) 343
4-5 in. diam., yellow with a purple centre. Anthers scattered. Capsule H in-, ovoid,
furrowed. /Seeds numerous, reniform. — The form called fusiformis has more deeply-
divided leaves than the type.
H. EscuLENTUS, L. ; DC. Frodv. i. 450 ; annual, hairy, not prickly,
leaves cordate 3-5-lobed lobes oblong toothed scabrous, peduncle shorter
than the petiole, bracteoles 8-10 deciduous equalling the calyx, capsule
pyramidal. Cav. Diss, iii., t. 61, f. 2. H. longifolius, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 210 ;
WaU. Cat. 2699 ; DC. Frodr. i. 450. Abelmoschus esculentus, W. <^ A.
Frodr. i. 63 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 152.
Cultivated throughout India, probably originally native. — Disteib. Naturalized or
cultivated in all tropical countries.
A tall herb covered with rough hairs. Leaves coarsely toothed ; petiole 6 in., more
or less bristly. Stipules subulate. Peduncles about 1 in. Bracteoles 1 in., linear-subu-
late. i^fo?t*ers yellow with a crimson centre. Staminal-tuhe antheriferous throughout.
Fruit <o-\0 by 1 in., pyramidal-oblong, glabrescent, cells 5-8-seeded. Seeds striate,
hairy. — Variable. Roxburgh distinguishes the West Indian "Ochro," H. esculentus,
from his IT. longifolius, but does not specify in what the difference consists, and the
plants are so variable that it is difficult to suppose the difference to be specific. The
pods are used as pot herbs and for their demulcent properties.
Sect. 7. Paritium. Trees. Bracteoles connate at the base. Capsvle
with false dissepiments.
32. H. tiliaceuB, L. ; DC. Frodr. i. 454; arboreous, leaves cordate
roundish acute rarely lobed glabrous above hoary beneath. Roxh. Fl. Ind.
iii. 192 ; Miq. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 153 ; BeddomeFl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 4.
Paritium tiliaceum, W. & A. Frodr. i. 52 j Wight Ic. t. 7 ; Wall. Cat. 1912 ;
Thwaites Enum. 26 ; Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17 ; Griff. Notid. iv. 523.
Coasts of both Peninsulas, BENGAii, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemi-
spheres, usually near the coast.
A much-branched tree. Leaves 4-5 in. diam., leathery, roundish, crenulate, abruptly
acumii^ate, 7-nerved, sometimes glandular beneath ; petiole 1-3 in. Stipides subulate,
1 in. 'i^eJw7?cZes terminal with stipule-like deciduous bracts at the base. Bracteoles
7-10, linear-lanceolate, connate above the middle. Calyx 1 in., about the length of
the bracteoles or longer. Sepals lanceolate, downy outside. Corolla 4 in. diam., cam-
panulate with a crimson centre. Staminal-tuhe 1^ in., antheriferous all the way down.
Co/jsw/e shorter than the calyx, ovoid, pointed, spuriously 10-celled, 5-valved; valves
pilose. Seeds reniform, thinly pilose.
Var. 1. tortuosus, stem crooked, branches twisted, capsule as long as the calyx.
Hibiscus tortuosus, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 192; Wall. Cat. 1912 G, 1913 B ,—Bheede,
Hart. Mai. i. t. 30. — In herbarium specimens I can find nothing to warrant the sepa-
ration of this as a distinct species, the form of leaf and relative length of the bracteoles
and capsule being subject to variation ; but in a native state and under cultivation they
look very different.
33. K. floccosus, Mast., arboreous, leaves cordate angled thinly stellate-
pilose on both surfaces, bracteoles connate into a bell-shaped 5-toothed
tube less than half the length of the calyx.
Mount Opbir, Malacca, Maingay.
A. tree. Young branches and outer surface of the calyx covered with rusty floccose,
toraentum. Leaves 4-5 in. diam., obscurely 5-angled ; petiole shorter than the blade.
Peduncles racemose, terminal ; pedicels stout, 1^ in. long, jointed near the base ; brac-
teoles deltoid at the apex and somewhat, recurved. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, united
for half their length. Corolla 3 in. diam., pink, twice the length of the calyx. Petals
oblong-spathulate, venoso-striate, stellate-pilose on the outside. Staminal-tuhe pilose.
Cajisule oblong, truncate, shorter than the calyx, downy on the outside. Seeds cottony.
— Allied to H.ferrugineus, DC, of Madagascar.
344 XXVI. MALVACE^. ' (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Hibiscus.
H. TRicuspis, £a7iks in Cav. Diss. iii. t, 55, f. 2 ; arboreous, leaves
3-lobed glandular beneath. DC. Prodr. i. 453; lioxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 202;
Wall. Cat. 1914 B. Paritium tricuspe, G. Dm, Gen. Syst. i. 485; W. <£? A,
Prodr. i. 52.
Cultivated in North- West India and Bengal (introduced from the Society isles,
Boxburgh).
Tree, herbaceous portions covered with stellate white down. Leaves 4-5 by 3 in.,
glabrescent above, hoarj^-pubescent beneath, base cuneate or cordate, lobes lanceolate,
tslightly lobed; petiole '24-3 in. ^lipulea ovate. Peduncles terminal, racemose.
Bracteoles deciduous, ovate, leafy, half the length of the linear-lanceolate s(^pals. Co-
roUa yellow with a purple base. Capsule spuriously 10-celled. — Koxburgh describes
calyx and epicalyx as ten-parted, but this is probably an error.
PI. P.osA si"EX^[s, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 448 ; shrubby, leaves ovate acu-
minate nearly glabrous, jjcduncles axillary, as long or longer than the
adjoining leaf, staminal tube exceeding the corolla. Cav. Diss. iii. t. 69, f. 2 ;
Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 194; Wall. Cat. 1890 B to F. ; W. (0 A. Prodr. i. 49 ;
JUig. Fl. Did. Pat. i. pt. 2, 156.— Pheede, I/ort. Mai. ii. t. 17, and vi. t. 43.
Cultivated in gardens throughout India.
Stem woody, branched, not prickly. Leaves entire at the base, coarsely toothed at
the apex, /Stipules ensitorm. Bracteoles 6, 7, linear, half the length of the bell-shaped
calyx. Sepals | in., lanceolate, connate below the middle. Corolla 3 in. diam., red.
Capsule rounJish, many-seeded (^Loureiro). — There are numerous varieties differing in
coliiur, duplication, &c. The flowers are used lo blnck shoes. Roxburgh says it is
wild in IlindoHtan, but I have seen no wild specimens. Wight and Arnott suggest
that the plant shoidd be placed in section Bombicella, but the seeds are not known,
and the habit is more that of the section Ketmia.
There is a plant in herbaria from Griffith and others, to which the manuscript names
of H. Wiijtorus (not of DC), and of//. Arnotti (not of Gray), are attached. It appears
identical with Wallich's 1890 D, described ijj Wall. Cat. I.e. as a hybrid plant intro-
duced to the Calcutta garden from Mauritius and said to be a form of IL rosa sinensis.
H. MUTABiLis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 452 ; arborescent, leaves downy
5-ai)glc(l, jiotluucles axillary nearly as long as the leaf, bracteoles 10 linear
nearly distinct. Cav. Diss. iii. t. 62, f. 1 ; Poxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 201 ; W. d- A.
Prodr. i. 51 ; Wall. Cat. 1907, 1, 2, 3, D to G • Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 158.
H. sestuans, Pottler in Herb.— P/ieede Hm-t. Mai. vl 38-42.
Cultivated in gardens, native of China {lioxhurr/h).
A small tree without prickles. Leaves 4 in. diam., cordate, toothed ; petiole 3 in.
P(t</«<?ic/e 4-5 in., jointed near the top. Bracts shorter than the calyx. Floicers 3-4
in. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, connate below the middle. Corolla white or pink
on first opening in the morning, deep red by night. Capsule globose, flattened, hairy.
Se(d-i reniform, hispid. — In Dr. Brandis' herbarium there is a specimen from Martaban,
labelled //. venvstiis, Blume (Bijdr. 71), which differs from the Indian specimens of
H. mntahiUs in its more tomentose pubescence and hirsute seeds; Blume's plant, more-
over, is said to have 5 bracteoles, but there are more than 5 in the Martaban plants.
H. SYRIACUS, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 448 ; shrubby, leaves cuneiform ovate
3l->l'ed dentate, peduncle axillary jstrlong^jis-^he petiole, bracteoles linear
half the length of the calyx. Cav. Diss. iii. t. 69, f. 1 ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
195; Wall. Cat. 1891 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 157. H. rhombifolius,
Cav. Diss. t. 69, ex Poxb.
Cultivated throughout India and in China.
Branches destitute of prickles. Leaves 2 in., nearly or quite glabrous ; petiole short.
Peduncle shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles 6-7, linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate,
longer than the bracteoles. Petals obovate, longer than the calyx. Anthem in whorls
all the way up the column. Capsule oblong, obtuse, slightly hispid. Seeds pilose.
Tkesjpesia.] xxvi. Malvaceae. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 345
13. THESPESIA, Corr.
Tall trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or lobed. Inflorescence axillary.
Bracteohs 5-8, arising from the thickened end of the peduncle, deciduous.
Cab/x truncate, minutely 5-toothed or 5-parted. Corolla convolute. SUiminal-
^i^5e5-toothed at the apex. Oi'ar^ 4-5-celled ; style club-shaped, 5-turrowed,
entire or 5-toothed ; ovules few in each cell. Capsule loculicidal or scarcely
dehiscent, ^ieeds glabrous ■ or tomentose ; cotyledons conduplicate, black-
dotted.— A genus of few species, natives of tropical Asia, Madagascar, and
tJie islands of the Pacific.
1. T. Ziampas, Bah. c& Gihs. Bomb. Fl. 19; subarboreous,- herbaceous
portions downy, leaves palmately lobed. Hibiscus Lampas, Cav. Diss. iii.
]54, t. 56, f. 2 ; DC. Prodr. i. 447 ; Roxh. Fl. hid. iii. 197 ; Wight Ic. t. 5 ;
^y. (b A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Wall. Cat. 1889, 1 to 4 & E to I. Thwaites Enum. 26 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 153. H. tetralocularis, Roxl. Fl. hid. iii. 198.
Azanza Lampas, Alefeld in Bot. Zeit. 1861, 297. H. gangeticus, Roxh. Ic.
ined. and Heyne in Herb. Paritium gangeticum, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 485.
Tropical Himalaya, alt. 1-4000 ft., from Kumaon eastwards ; Bengal, the Western
Peninsula, Birma, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, East Tropical Africa.
Arborescent, not prickly. Leaves 5 in. diam., cordate, 3-lobed, lobes spreading, acu-
minate, sparingly stellate, pilose above, tomentose beneath, midrib v.'ith a glandular
pore at the base beneath ; petioles 2^ in., downy. Stipules subulate. Peduncles axil-
lary or terminal, panicled, 3-flowcred, Bracteoles 4-8, subulate, deciduous. Calyx of
5 subulate sepals connate below the middle. Corolla campanulate, yellow with a
crimson centre. Capsule ovoid, pointed, villous, 5- rarely 4-valved, valves hispid gla-
brescent. Seeds glabrescent.
2. T. populnea, Corr. in A7in. Mus. ix. p. 290 ; arboreous, herbaceous
portions covered with peltate scales, leaves entire ovate acute or acuminate.
Cav. Diss. iii. 152, t. 56, f. 1; DC. Prodr. i. 456; W. d' A. Prodr. i. 54;
Wight Ic. t. 8; Thwaites Enum. 27 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t, 63; Dah. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 18 ; Wall Cat. 1888, 1, 2, & C to H. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2,
150. Hibiscus populneus, L. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Flor. Ind. iii. 190.
H.populneoides, ^0x6. Z.c. Malvaviscus populneus, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. 253,
t. 135. Azanza acuminata, Alefeld Bot. Zeit. 1861, 299. — Rheede Hort. Mai.
i. 29.
Tropical shores of Bengal, Ceylon, and both Peninsulas. — Distrib. Tropical Asia,
the Pacific islands, and Africa.
A small tree. Leaves 3 in. diam., cordate, roundish, acuminate, quite entire, 5-7-
nerved, with a glandular pore beneath between the nerves ; petiole 2\ in. Peduncle
axillary, shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles obsolete or 5,' oblong-lanceolate, deci-
duous, as long as the cup-shaped 5-toothed calyx. Cwolla 2-3 in. diam. Staminal-
tuhe toothed at the top ; filaments ascending. Capsule H in., oblong, depressed, scaly,
ultimatel y,glabrescent. Seeds pilose or powdery on the surface. — The characters assigned
by lloxburgh to Hi' iscits populneoides are not sufficient, as on the same specimen acute
and acuminate, glandular and i;landless leaves may be seen, and the characters of the
capsule appear equally invalid. Roxburgh describes the integument of the capsule
in II. j^opidneoides as double, " the exterior one, which is fragile and composed of five
valves, opens from the apex spontaneously when ripe, exposing the inner lamina, which
is remarkably strong, tough, reticulated with fibres and not opening without consider-
able force;" w\ierea.8 in H. populneus the integument "is single, and can be easily
broken by the pressure of the thamb and finger."
346 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Gossypium.
14. GOSSYPZUM, Linn.
Herbs shrubs or low trees. Zeat'es palmately lobed. Perfzmc/es axillary,
1-tlowered, jointed. Flowers large, yellow with, or rarely without, a crimson
centre, or all purplish. Bmcteoles 3, large, leafy, cordate, sprinkled like the
calyx with black glandular dots. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate or slightly
5-toothed. Petals convolute or spreading. Staminal-tuhe as in Hibiscus.
Ovary 5-celled ; style clavate, 5-grooved at the apex with five stigmas ;
ovules many in each cell. Capsule bculicidally 3-5-valved. Seeds densely
clothed with woolly hairs ; cotyledons leafy, ])licate, sprinkled with black
dots.— DiSTRiB. Tropics of the Old and New World.
The very numerous forms of this genus are distributed by cultivation throughout the
hotter regions of the globe. Their synonymy is extremely complicated, and has baffled
the attempts of many authors. Wight and Arnott greally added to the confusion by
their attempts to reduce all the varieties to two species, G. album and G. nigrum.
Speaking broadly, it is not difficult to recognise the following forms. G. Stocksii is
wild in ISindh, and may be the primitive form of the cultivated states of G. herbaceum.
1. C Stocksll, Mast ; shrubby, branching, leaves palmately 3-5-lobed
lobes glabrous oblong obtuse, bracteoles deeply laciuiate, segments linear
lanceolate, cotton yellow adherent to the seeds and with no felted down
beneath.
Limestone rocks on the coasts of Sixdk, truly wild, StocJcs ; Dalzell.
Branches straggling, diflfuse. Leaves small, rounded with five roundish or obtuse
lobes. Floivers small, yellow. Capsule ovoid. Cotton not separable from the seed. —
It seems probable that this may be the wild form of the plant cultivated as G. herba-
ceum, and therefore the parent type of all the forms of Indian cotton. Dalzell and
Gibs(m (Bomb. Fl. 21) apparently confound lloxburgh's G. obtusifolivm with this
plant, which they say is found all over limestone rocks of the Sindh coast, tiiDUgh the
description they give does not apply to this, but to the cultivated form of G. herbaceum
just alluded to. Stocks, indeed, remarks, that in cultivation the leaves of this phint
assume the appearance of those of G. herbaceum. Roxburgh's G. obtusifolium, which
he says is a native of Ceylon, appears, moreover, from his drawing to be a form of
G. herbaceum. Thwaites does not mention any species as native of Ceylon.
G. HERBACEUM, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 456 ; annual or perennial, hairy or
subglabrous, leaf-h^bes broadly ovate acuminate, flowers yellow with a
purple centre rarely wholly yellow or white or purple, petals spreading,
bracteoles not divided below the middle, sometimes entire or nearly so,
cotton white or brownish, adherent to the seeds, overlying a grey or greenish
down. Roxh.Cor. PL iii. 269; Fl.Ind. iii. 184; Wigld Ic. t. 9, 11 ; Roylelll.
t. 23, f. 1 ; Wall. Cat. 1880; Cav. Diss. vi. 310, t. 164, f. 2 ; Parlators Sp. di
Cotoni, p. 31, t. 2; Mast, m Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr. i. 212. G. indicum, Lam.
Encycl. ii. 134; DC. Prodr. i. 456. G. album, W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 54.
G. micranthum, DC. Prodr. I.e. {in part) ; Royle III. i. 49.—P/ieede Hort.
Mai i. t. 31.
Cultivated ; furnishing the varieties of Indian cotton, such as Dacca and Berar.
Erect, shrubby, or herbaceous, nearly glabrous or more or less hairy, and with a few
scattered glandular points. Leaves cordate, 3-5- rarely 7-lobed, usually with a gland
on the under surface of the midrib. /Stymies ovate-lanceolate, entire or slightly toothed.
Peduncles shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles fequalling the capsule. C(dyx truncate,
or obsoletely crenulate, much shorter than the bracteoles. Petals obovate or cuneate.
Capsule ovate, globose, mucronate, 3-5-valved. Seeds 5-7 in each cell, ovoid ; cotton
white, rarely yellowish, overlying a greenish or greyish down.
Gossypium.] xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 347
Var. 1. ohtusifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 183 (sp.) ; shrubby, much branched, leaves
3-5-lobed, lobes ovute entire, stipules falcate, bracteoles nearly entire, Wall. Cat. 1880,
in part. China cotton, Eoxh. I.e. 185? — This is the form found in Ava by Griffith,
Journals, p. 147.
Var. 2. Mrsutum, L. (sp.) ; hairy or hispid, foliage of G. herhaceum, but leaf- lobes
usually less rounded and more elongate, bracteoles deeply gashed as in G. harhadense,
petals yellow without a crimson spot, cotton white with underlying greenish or grey down.
G.hirsutum, L. ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 187 ; DC. Prodr. i. 456"; Wall. Cat. 1880, in part;
Ronle III. I, p. 100 ; Parlatore Sp. Cot. 42, tab. 5.— Yields Upland Geor-ian Cotton.
Var. 3. religiosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 185 (sp.) ; leaves hairy or subglabrous, with
five triangular acute lobes, stipules cordate acuminate, bracteoles deeply laciniate,
petals entirely yellow, seeds covered with firmly adherent short tawny down and long
wool of the same colour. G. religiosum, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 185 ; Cav. Diss. t. 164, f. 1 ;
Wall. Cat. 1885, M; ? of Linnaeus and others. — Yields Nankeen Cotton.
Var. vitifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 186 (sp.), not of others ; sub-arboreous,
dark purple and hairy, leaves 3-5-lobed, lobes triangular acuminate, capsules oblong,
seeds clothed with firmly adhering short greenish-grey down under the long fine white
Wool, — I have not been able to identify this variety, but it is evidently a form of G.
herbaceum. The G. vitifolium of Roxburgh's drawings is a different plant,
G. BARBADENSE, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 456; herbaceous or shrubby,
leaves nearly glabrous cordate 3-5-lobed lobes oblong acuminate, bracteoles
very large deeply gashed, petals convolute, yellow with a crimson spot,
capsule oval acuminate, seeds black, free or coherent, covered with readily
separable white or brownish cotton. Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 187 ; Wight IlL
t. 28 A and B. G. nigrum {in part), W. & A. Prodr. i. 54 ; Wall. Cat.
1875, D, E, G, H ; Royle III. p. 100, Cult, of Cotton, t. 3 ; Parlatore Sp. Cot.
49, t. iii. ; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 210.
Cultivated ; yields the American varieties known as Barbadoes, Bourbon, Sea-island,
New Orleans, &c., Cottons.
A shrub or tall herb, herbaceous portions glabrescent, sprinkled with black dots,
branches purplish. Leaves 1 -glandular, deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes tapering, acuminate.
Stip>ioles linear-lanceolate. Peduncle thick, often glandular at the apex. Ovary ovoid,
pitted, 3-5-celied.
, Var. acmmnatuvi, Roxb. Ilort. Beng. 51 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 186 (sp.) ; sub- arboreous,
leaves 3-5-lobed, lobes oblong-lanceolate acuminate, flowers yellow with a crimson spot,
petals spreading, seeds black covered with easily separable white wool and adhering
firmly to each other. Wight 111. t. 27 ; Poyle III. i. p. 98 ; Cult. Gott. t. 3, f. 5. G.
peruvianum, Cav.; DC. Prodr. i. 4:5Q. G. vitifolium. Lam. Encyl. ii. 135; Roxb. Ic.
ined. not of Fl. Ind.; Cav. Diss t. 166; Wall. Cat. 1875, F. G. religiosum, Parla-
tore Sp. di Cott. bb, t. 4 [not of authors). — Yields the varieties known as Peruvian,
Brazilian, Kidney Cotton, &g. The plant is usually larger in foliage, flower, and cap-
sule than the other varieties.
G. ARBOREUM, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 456 ; arborescent or shrubby, leaves
nearly glabrous, _ deeply palmately 5-7-lobed lobes linear-oblong, flowers
purple rarely white, bracteoles nearly entire, cotton not readily separable
from the seed. Ropch. Fl. Ind. iii. 183 ; Wight Ic. t. 10 ; Roijle III. 23, f. 2 ;
Wall. Cat. 1875 J., 1881 ; Parlatore Sj). Cot. 24, t. 1; Mast, in Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. i. 211. G. nigrum, Ham. in W. <& A. Prodr. i. 64, in part (excl.
syn.). G. rubicundum, Roxb. Ic. ined. and in herb.—Rheede Hort. Mai. t. 31 1
Barm. Fl. Ind. 150.
Plains of India, in gardens, but not generally cultivated ; Kashmir, Falconer.
A shrub or low tree, rarely a herb; branches purple, pilose. Zeares 1 -glandular,
lobes mucronate, contracted at the base, often with a supplementary lobe iu the sinus.
Stipules ensiform. Bracteoles cordate, ovate, acute. Petals spreading. Staminal-
!w6e antheriferous for its whole length. Capsule about 1 in., oblong-pointed. Seeds
«.'fee, covered with white wool overlying a dense green down.
348 XXVI. MAi^VACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Kt/dia.
15. KVX>IA, Jioxb.
Trees with stellate pubescence. Leaves palminerved, usually lobed.
Flowers panicled, polygamous. Bracteofes 4-6, leafy, connate at the base,
accrescent and spreading in fruit. Sepals 5, connate below the middle.
Petals 5, obcordate, obli»][ue, longer than the calyx, adnate to the staminal
tube. Staminal-iuhe diWi^edi about the middle into 5 divisions each bearing
3 reniform anthers which are imperfect in the female flower. Ovary
2-3-celled ; style 3-cleft, .stigmas 3 peltate, imperfect in the male flower ;
ovules 2 in each cell, ascending. Capsule subgloDose, muticou.s, loculicidally
3-valved. Seeds reniform, furrowed. — Distrib. Exclu.sively Indian.
1. K. calycina, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Cor. PI. iii. 11, t. 215; Ft.
Ind. iii. 188 ; leaves downy beneath, bracte^les oblong downy. Wight Ic.
t. 879-80; W. d' A. Prodr. i. 70 ; Ualz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24 ; Beddome Fl.
Si/lvat. t. 3; Wall. Cat, 1176. K. Roxburghiana, Wight Ic. iii. t. 881 ;
Wall. Cat. 1177. K. fraterna, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 216; Fl. Ind. iii. 189;
W. & A. I.e. K. pulverulenta. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1176.
Tropical regions of the Himalaya, from Kumaon eastward, and throughout tho
Western Ghats. Birma, Wallich.
A treei Leaves 4-5 by .3 in., rounded, cordate, palmatelj 7-nerved, more or less lobed,
midlobe longest, glabrous above or with thinly scattered hairs, closely felted beneath ;
petiole 1-2 in. Injiorescence much branched, many-flowered. Bracteoles 4-6, oblong-
spat hulate, nearly as long as the calyx, ultimately spreading. Flowers white or pink.
/Sepals ovate, acute. Petals exceedinej the sepals, obcordate. Staminal-tube shorted
than the petals, branches opposite to the sepals. — The size and proportion of the parts
vary according to the sex ot the flower.
2. K. g^labrescens, Mast. ; leaves suborbicular slightly angled,
bracteoles oblanceolate glabrous.
Bhotan, Assam, and Malacca, Griffith (all the localities).
A tree, herbaceous portions sparingly hairy. Leaves 4 by 3^ in., palminerved,
obscurely lobed, base wedge-shaped ; petiole 2^ in. Panicle terminal ; bracteoles 4-5,
spreading, accrescent, ultimately 1 in. Sepals lanceolate. Capsule tho size of a small
pea, shorter than the incurved sepals, globose, pubescent. — I have only seen fruiting"
specimens.
15.-*^ ADANSONZA, Linn.
Tree with a short thick trunk and very widely spreading branches
forming a mushroom-shaped head. Z'^rtw.s pubescent beneath when young,
glal)rous digitate, deciduous. Flowers solitary, axillary, pendulous, long-
j)eduncled. Calyx leathery, cup-shaped, 6-cleft, bibracteolate. Petals 5,
exceeding the sepals, adnate below to the stamens. Staminal-tube cylin-
drical, dividing above into numerous filaments; anthers reniform, 1-celled.
Ovary 5-10-celled ; style long, exserted, divided into as many stiginatic
branches as there are cells to the ovary, stigmas radiating ; ovules many in
each cell. Fruit oblong, woody, iudehiscent ; with mealy pulp in the
inside. Seeds reniform, testa thick, albumen Ihin, embryo curved, coty-
ledons contortuplicate. — Two species are known, one the Baobab, a native
of Africa, not truly wild in India, and the other Australian.
A. DIGIT ATA, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 478 ; Cav. Diss. v. 298, t. 15 ; W. d A.
Prodr. i. 61 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 164; Thwaites Enum. 28 ; Wall. Cat. 1836 ;
Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 212.
Cultivated in various parts of India and Ceylon. — Djstrib. Tropical Africa.
Bombax.] xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 349
16. BOMBAX, Linn.
Trees. Leaves digitate, deciduous. Peduncles axillary or subterrainal,
solitary or clustered, 1-flowered. Flowers appearing before the leaves.
Bracteoles 0. Calyx leathery, cup-shaped, truncate or 'JrT-lobed. Petals
obovate. Stamens pentadelphous, bundles opposite the petals, and divided
above into numerous filaments ; anthers reniforra, 1-celled. Ovary 5-celled ;
style clavate, stigmas 5 ; ovules many in each cell. Ga'pside loculicidally
5-valved, valves leathery, woolly within. Seeds woolly, testa thin, albumen
scanty; cotyledons contortuplicate. — Distrib. A genus of about 10 species,
mostly tropical American, one is tropical African.
1. B. malabaricum, DC. Prodr. i. 479; trunk and branches prickly,
leaflets 5-7 quite entire cuspidate, base tapering, filaments ligulate half the
length of the petals, capsule oblong obtuse. Wight III. t. 29; W. (^ A.
Prodr. i. 61 ; Wall. Cat. 1840 ; Beddmie Fl. Sylvat. t. 82. Salmalia malabarica.
Schott. Meletem, 35 ; Thwaites Enum. 28 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 22 ;
3fiq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 166. Bombax heptaphylla, Cav. Diss. v. p. 296 ;
Roxb. Hart. Beng. 50 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 247 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 167. B. Ceiba, Barm.
Fl. Ind. 145 excl. syn. Gossampinus rubra, Ham. m Trans. Linn. Soc. xv.
128.— Eheede Ilort. Mai. iii. t. 52.
Tropical Eastern Himalaya, and throughout the hotter forest regions of India, to
BiRMA and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra.
A large tree, covered with stout hard conical prickles ; hranches spreading.
Leajiets 6-12 in., glabrous ; petiole longer than the leaflets, secondary petioles 1 in.
Stipules small, caducous. Flowers numerous, fascicled at or near the ends of the
branches. Calyx L in., cup-shaped, smooth externally, silky within, margin slightly
lobed, ultimately irregularly cleft, deciduous with the corolla and stamens. Corolla
6-7 in., red or white. Petals 5, oblong, recurved, fleshy, twice the length of the stamens.
Staminal-tuhe short, filaments numerous, pluriseriate, 5 innermost forked at the top,
each with an anther, 10 intermediate shorter, outer very numerons. Style longer than
the stamens. Capsule 6-7 in., ovoid, downy, 5-valved, valves silky within. Seeds
numerous, obovate, smooth. — Cotton tree.
2. B. insig-ne, Wall. PI. Asiat. Par. i. 71, t. 79, 80 ; Cat. 1841 ; Kurz.
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 61 ; trunk without prickles, leaflets 7-9
obovate cuspidate acuminate glaucous beneath, filaments slender two-thirds
the length of the petals.
BiRMA, Pegu, and the Andaman islands.
A tree, 20-30 ft. ; trunk marked with large leaf-scars. Leaflets 5 in. Flowers
solitaiy, large, scattered on leafless branches. Peduncles \ in., thick, club-shaped,
jointed at the top. Flowers 10 in. diam. ; buds globose. Calyx 1^ in., urceolate-
globose, truncate or slightly two-lobud. Petals 5-*6 in., linear-oblong, recurved, downy,
scarlet within. S/amens many. Ovary ovoid. Stigma 5-lobed. Capsule 10 by 1 in.,
elongated, curved at the apex, glabrous.
17. BBZODENDBON, DO.
Trees. Leaves digitate, deciduous. Flowers appearing before the leaves,
tufted at the ends of the branches, or axillary, large white or rose coloured.
Bracteoles (}. CV//y/.i; cup-shaped, truncate, or 3-5-fid. P(?to^s oblong. Staminal
bundles 5, opposite the petals connate at the base each bearing 2-3 sinuous
or linear anthers. Ovary ovoid, 5-celled ; style cylindrical, dilated, stigma
obscurely 5-lobed. Capside oblong, coriaceous or woody, 5-celled, 5-valved,
valves densely silky within. Seeds globose or obovoid. testa crustaceous,
smooth with silky hairs, albumen scanty; cotyledons contortuplicate. —
360 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Eriodendron.
DiSTETB. A genus of about 3 species, most of them American, one occurs
in tropical Africa.
1. E. anfractuosum, DC. Prodr. i. 479 ; leaflets lanceolate cuspidate
entire or serrulate towards the point glaucous beneath. Wall. Cat. 1839;
W. <k A. Prodr. i. 61 ; Wioht Ic. t. 400 ; Griff. Not. iv. 533 ; Dah. & Gibs.
Bomb. FL 22 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 166 ; Beddoim Ft. Sylvat. Anal.
Gen. t. 4. Bombax pentandrum, Linn. Sjj. PI. 989 ; Cav. Diss. v. 293, t. 151 ;
Boxb. Fl. hid. iii. 165. B. orientale, Sfyreng. ISyst. iii. 124. Ceiba pentandra,
Gcertn. Fruct.u. 244, t. 133; Ilam. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 126. Erio-
dendron orientale, JS'tettd. Nom^ncl. 587 ; Thivaites Enum. 28. — Bheede Hort.
Mai. iii. t. 49, 50 ; Rumph. Amb. i. t 80.
Forests throughout the hotter parts of India and Ceylon. — Distrib. S. America.
W. Indies, Trop. Africa ?
A tall tree, trunk straight, tapering, prickly when young; branches horizontal, verti-
cillate. Leaflets 5-8, 3-4 by 1 in ; petioles at least as long as or longer than the leaf-
lets. Stipules small, caducous. Feauncles about 2 in., club-shaped, tnfted, 1-flowered..
Calyx i in_, cup-shaped, 5-cleft, lobes roundish, glabrous on the outside, slightly downy
within" Petals 5, oblong, connate at the base, downy externally, yellowish within,
twice the length of the calyx. FilamenU shorter than the petals. Ovary conical;
Btyle as long as the stamens, decHnatc, dilated above the contracted base, stigma ob-
Bcurely 5-lobed. Cap/nf/f oblong like a cucumber; septa membranous, tardily dehi^cing.
iktds numerous, subpyriform, black, glabrous. — Roxburgli doubts whether the Indian
species be the same as the West Indian, which latter is described with an irregular
trunk, often ventricose or thicker above ; the shape of the fruit is also difterent. DC.
I.e. makes 3 varieties — 1. Indicum, above described, with flowers yellowish within ; 2.
Caribo'um, with rose coloured flowers ; 3. AfrUanum, to which no diftereulial cha-
racters are assigned. In herbaria the specimens from the East and from the West do
not appear to diflfer. Planchon, however (in herb.), has suggested that the name E.
Bhetdii be given to the Indian form.
18. CUZ.I.Z:NIA, Wight.
A tall tree. Leaves simple, scaly. Flowers fascicled in the axils of the
leaves. Bracteoles 3-5, connate for nearly their whole length into a de--
ciduous cylindric tube, clothed, like the calyx, with jieltate scales. Sepah
5, connate for nearly their whole length into a deciduous cylindric tube.
Petals 0. iStaminal-tube 5-cleft, divisions linear, exserted, declinate ; anthers
small, subglobose, 1-celled, clustered at intervals on the branches of the
staminal-tube. Ovai-i/ 5-ceiled, style elongate, very hairy, stigma capitate ;
ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Emit globose, densely clothed with
spines, ultimately 5-valved. Seeds with a fleshy aril, albumen 0, cotyledons
fleshy unequal
I. C. excelsa, Wight Ic. 1761, 2 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat., Anal. Gen.
t. 4 ; lliwaites Enum. 28. Durio zeylanicus, Gardn. in Calc. Joum. Nat.
Hist. viii.
Ivamallv hills, Malabar, WigJit; Ceylon ; common in the central provinces, alt.
2500 ft., Tlmaites.
Leaves elliptic, acuminate, bright shining green above, silvery and densely scaly be-
neath. Flowers densely packed on contracted branches, short pcduncled, pointed at the
base. Fruit the size of a large orange. Seeds Uke a chestnut.
19. DURIO, Linn.
Trees. Leaves entire, leathery, closely penninerved, scaly, rarely hairy
beneath. Flowers in lateral cymes ; peduncles angular. Bracteoles 3, connate
Durio.] XXVI. malvace2e. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 351
below into a cup, tips free, deciduous. Gcdj/x bell- shaped, leathery, like the
bracteoles densely scaly, 5-fid, lobes valvate oblong or rounded. Petals 5,
contorted-imbricate, spathulate, longer than the sepals. Stammal-tube
divided into 4-5 phalanges opposite the petals ; filaments many, bearing
a globose head of sinuous 1-celled anthers, or a single annular 1-celled
anther. Ovari/ scaly externally, 4-5-celled; styles connate, stigmas capi-
tate ; ovules many and 2-seriate in each cell. Fruit very large, subglobose
or oblong, spiny, indehiscent or loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds arillate;
cotyledons fleshy, often connate.— Distkib. Malay Peninsula and islands ;
species 3.
1. D. Zibethinus, DC. Prodr. i. 480; leaves scaly beneath, flowers
about 3 in. diam., stainiual column tubular at the base only, anthers sinuous
in globose heads. Koen. in Trans. Linn. /Soc. vii. 266, t. 14-16 ; Eoxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 399. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 167. Griff. Not. iv. 528 ; Ic. t. 596.
—Rumph. Amb. i. 99, t. 29.
Malacca, cultivated only? — Distrib. Malay islands.
A tree. Leaves 6-7 by 2-2^ in., base rounded, obovate- oblong, entire, feather-
veined, leathery, shining above, scaly beneath, not hairy ; petiole about 1 in., thickened
at the apex. Flowers in lateral trichotomous cymes ; peduncles angular, subulate.
Bracteoles deciduous, half the length of the calyx. Calyx bell-shaped, leathery, densely
clothed with large peltate scales, 5-lobed, lobes obtuse. Petals oblong, tapering at the
base, longer than the calyx. tStamms longer than the petals. Ooary oblong, scaly.
Fruit subglobose, very lari::e, somewhat woody, densely muricate, indehiscent or tardily
5-valved, pulpy within. S(^eds arillate. — The Durian is probably not indigenous in the
Malay Peninsula. Wallace (Kew. Gard. Mis. viii. 228) states that two varieties, both
small fruited, are indigenous in Borneo.
2. D. malaccensis, Planch, mss. ; leaves scaly beneath, flowers large
(about 5 in. diam.), staminal column tubular for half its length, anthers
sinuous in globose heads.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Birma, Brandts.
A tree, with the habit and foliage of D. Zibethinus, but with the flowers nearly
twice the size. Petals twice the length of the sepals. Staminal-tvhe divided, about
the middle only, into 5 phalanges. Ovary and fruit as in the preceding. — Perhaps the
■wild form of the Durian.
3. Z>. Oxleyanus, Griff. Notui. iv. 531 ; leaves glabrous above pubescent
or hairy on the under surface, scaly on midrib only, flowers about 1 in.
diam., stamens 4-5-adelphous, anthers annular solitary on the end of each
filament.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
A tree, with the habit and foliage of D. Zibethinus. Calyx ventricose. Petals
oblong-spathulate, longer than the sepals. Staminal-phalanges 4 or 5, dividing about
the middle into numerous filaments each bearing a solitary anther with a thickened
black connective bordered by an annular cell. Ovary and fruit of D. Zibethinus, but
smaller. — Referred by Planchon, in Herb. Kew, to Neesia, but erroneously.
20. BOSCKZA, Korth.
Trees. Leaves simple entire, scaly beneath. Flowers small, axillary.
Bracteoles 2-3, connate at the base, deciduous. Calyx deeply 4-5-parted.
Petals linear-ligulate, entire or laciniate. Stamens many, some free, others
irregularly coherent, outermost without anthers ; anthers oblong, 1-celled,
opening by a terminal pore, solitary, or in groups of 2-6. Pollen
globose 3-valved. Ovary 3-5-celled, style elongate ; ovules one or
352 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Boschia.
more in each cell, ascending. Fruit oblong, 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved, valves
muricate, bright red. Seeds few, oblong black, with a fleshy orange-
coloured, cup-shaped arillus extending over half their surface ; cotyledons
amygdaloid; radicle next the hiluin. — DiSTiiiB. Malay Peninsula and
archipelago. Species 2.
1. B. Griffithii, Mast.; leaves ovate oblong cuspidate penniveined
scaly beneath, flowers solitary or 2-3 in short axillary cymes. Heteropyxis,
Grif. Notul. iv. 524 ; Ic. PL As. t. 594.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
A small tree, hark grey, wood reddish. Leaves 3-4 by 1 ^-2 in., glabrous above,
white and sparingly lepidote beneath ; petiole short. Stipules linear, caducous. Peduncle
very short. Bracteoles 2-3, deciduous. Flowers J in. diara. Calyx 4-parted, seg-
ments ultimately reflexed. Petals linear-spathiilate, variable in number, lon;;^er than
the calyx. Anthers minute. Ovary covered with spines, each tipped by a peltate
steUiform scale. Fruit about 2 in. Seed J in., solitary in each cell. *
21. NEESIA, Blume.
Trees. Branches marked with large leaf-scars. Leaws entire, feather-
veined. Stipules leafy. Inflorescence of cymes produced from the stem in
the axils of the fallen leaves. Bracteoles 3, connate into a canipanulate tube,
circumsciss and deciduous, covered, like the sepals, with peltate scales.
Caltfx, closed, ultimately dilated and cushion-shaped at the base, tubular,
ct)n]cal above, opening by a circular irregularly crenulate orifice at the top.
Petals 5, free, imbricate. Stamens in 5 bundles, alternate with tiie petals,
each dividing midway into numerous filaments, the terminal or central one
of which bears a 2-lobed and the lateral filaments a 1-lobed exirorse anther
opening lengthwise, connective thick ; staminodes 0, Ovary very shortly
stalked, oblong, 5-celled ; style short ; stigma conic ; ovules numerous 2-
seriate, horizontal, anatropous. J^'ruit ovoid, woody, muricate, loculicitlally
5-valved. Seeds albuminous ; aril ; cotyledons flat, leafy. (Fruit and
seed after Blume.) — Distrib. Two species, a Javanese and Malaccan.
1. N. sjmandra, Mast.
Penano, M(dn<iay.
A lolty tree, trunk stout. Leaves 9-12 by 4-5 in., cordate-oblong, obtuse, coriaceons,
minutely puberulous ; petiole 2 in. Stipules oblong, 1-nerved, li in. Peduncle stout,
angular, i^rw/iof /)«rj'a«,( Maingay). — This diffi-rs from Biuine's y.altlssima in tluifurm
of the leaf and particularly in the stamens, which are described and figured by Blume as
joined at the base only. Neesia Griffithii of herbaria, and upon which Bentham
(den. PI. i. 213) partly constructed, as it would seem, the generic character, is a true
Durio (Z>. Oxleyanus, Grifif.),
22. CCEXiOSTEGZA, Bentk
A tall tree. Leaves simple, quite entire, scaly beneath. Flowers axillary,
fascicled, subsessile. Bracteoles 3-4, scaly, combined below into a cup-
shaped tube. Sepals 5, lanceolate, much longer than the bracteoles, connate
below the middle into a 5-lobed 5-pouched cup. Petals 5, free, attached to
the base of the calyx and much smaller than it. Stamens in 5 bundles
opposite to the sepals and adherent to their bases, included; anthers small,
subglobose.* Ovary partly immersed in the calyx-tube, 5-celled ; cells few-
oviiled ; style filiform, stigma large capitate ])eltate 5-lobed. Fruit un-
known. — The following is the only known species.
Ccelostegia.] xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 353
1. C. Griffithil, Benth. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI, i. 213.
Mat.acca, Griffith.
Leaves 2|-3 in., glabrous, acuminate, base rounded ; petiole J in. Flowers ^ in.
diam., produced from the old wood, covered with scales.
Order XXVII. STERCULIACE^. (ByMaxwellT. Masters, F.E.S.)
Herbs, shrubs (rarely climbing), or trees, herbaceous portions usually-
more or less pubescent. Bark usually abounding in mucilage, inner
fibrous. Leaves alternate, simple, lobed or digitate, stipulate. Inflorescence
axillary or terminal, usually cymose. Flowers regular, uni- or bisexual.
^Sepals 5, more or less connate, rarely completely so. Petals 5 or 0. Androecium
columnar or tubular, of many stamens, or rarely stamens few, free ; anthers
in heads, or in a single ring at the apex of the column, or dispersed on the
outside of the tube, or arranged along the edge of a cup or tube, with interven-
ing staminodes or sterile stamens ; anther-cells always 2, parallel or divergent.
Ovary free, 2-5-celied, rarely of 1 carpel, sessile or stalked ; styles consoli-
dated, or as many as the cells of the ovary. Ovules many or few, attached to
the inner angle of the carpels, anatropous, ascending or horizontal, raphe
ventral or lateral. i^rw^'iJ dry or fleshy, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds some-
times ariUate, albuminous or exalbuminous ; cotyledons leafy, flat, folded or
convolute, radicle pointing in various directions in different species. —
DiSTRiB. Abundant in the tropics of either hemisphere and in subtropical
Africa and Australia. Genera 40-45 ; species between 500 and 600, largely
represented in India and its islands, to which 2 or 3 genera and numerous
species are peculiar.
Tribe I. Sterculieae. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. PeUils 0.
Androecium columnar or sessile ; anthers clustered or disposed in a ring.
* Anthers numerous.
Ovary with 2 or more ovules in each cell; fruit dehiscent ... 1. Steuculta.
Ovarian cells 1-ovuled ; fruit indehiscent 2. Tarrietia.
** Anthers 5, whorled ; fruit i?idehiscent.
3. Heritieba.
Tribe II. Kelictereae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals deciduous. An-
droecium columnar below, dilated above into a cup, on the margin of which
are placed the anthers usually alternating with staminodes.
Anthers sessile 4. Keevesia.
Anthers stipitate.
Capsule membranous, inflated 5. Klkinhovia.
Capsule more or less woody, not inflated.
Anther-cells divaricate ; seeds not winged 6. Helicteres.
Anther-cells parallel ; seeds winged 7. Pterosi'ekmum.
Tribe III. EriolaBnesB. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals deciduous.
Ayidroedum tubular, conical, antheriferous for nearly its whole length ;
staminodes 0.
8. Eriol^na.
Tribe IV. DombeyeeB. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat, persistent.
Androecium tubular, antheriferous at the margin ; anthers solitary or in
groups, alternating with staminodes.
VOL. I. A A
354 XXVII. sTERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.)
Bracteoles caducous ; anthers 15 9. Pentapetes.
Bracteoles persistent ; anthers 5 10. Melhania.
Tribe V. KennannleeB. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals marcescent,
flat. Andrcecium tubular at the base only ; stamens 5, staniinodes 0.
Ovary 5- celled 11. Mei.ochia.
Ovary of 1 carpel 12. Waltheria.
Tribe YI. Buettnerleae. /*€^a/,<? concave at the base. Andrcecium \m-
bular ; anthers marginal, solitary or in groups between the stamiuodes.
* Stamens \-seriate, anthers 2,-^ between each staminode.
Petals with a stipitate ovate blade 13. Abroma.
Petals with a linear 2-fid blade 14. Guazuma.
*♦
Stamens l-seriaie, anthers solitary between each staminode.
Petals with an entire or 3-fid blade; staminodes short-obtuse . 15. Boettneria.
Petals with a linear blade ; staminodes linear^lanceolate . . .16. Commersonia.
*** Stamens pluriseriate^ petals orbicular without appendage.
17. Leptonychia.
1. STURCUZiZA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, palmately lobed or digitate. InRo-
rescence panicled, axillary or tenninal. Flowers polygamous. Calyx tubular,
4-5-parted, often coloured. Petals 0. Staminal column bearing a head or
ring of sessile, 2-celled anthers. Pistil sessile or stipitate, of 4-5 carpels
opposite the sepals, each S-many-ovuled ; styles connate at the base, stigmas
as many as the carpels, free, radiating. Eijie carpels distinct, follicular, ses-
sile or stipitate, woody or membranous. Seeds 1 or many, naked, sometimes
arillate, sometimes winged ; albumen bipartite, flat or folded ; cotyledons
flat, thin, adhering to the albumen, or thick and fleshy ; radicle near to or
remote from the hilum. — Distrib. A genus of about 60 species, natives of
the tropics of both hemispheres, but specially abundant in tropical Asia.
Sect. I. Eusterculia, Endl, Follicle coriaceous or woody. Radicle
remote from the hilum.
* Leaves digitate.
1. S. foetlda, L, ; DC. Prodr. i. 483 ; leaflets 7-9 elliptic-lanceolate
adult glabrous beneath, calyx deeply 5-parted. Br. in Benn. PL Jav.
Mar. 227 ; Cav. Diss. v. t. 141 ; Boxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 155 ; W,
d: A. Prodr. i. 63; Wall. Cat. 1137; Wight Ic. t. 181, 364 ; Thwaites Enum.
29 ; Miquel Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii, p. 112.— Bumph. Herb. Amh. iii.
t. 107.
Western Peninsula, in the Concan, Malabar ; Birma, Ceylon. — DistRiB. East
tropical Africa, Moluccas, North Australia.
A tall tree. Branches wliorled, horizontal. Leaves crowded at the ends of the
branches; leaflets about 6 by 2 in., pubescent when young; petiole 8 in. ; stipules
eusiform, caducous. Panicles erect, oo-flowered, spreading (formed immediately under
the young leaves of the present year, Roxh.), branches glabrous, ultimate pedicels
shorter than the flower, jointed in the middle. Bracteoles minute. Calyx \-% in. diam.,
dull orange coloured, campanulate, deeply 5-parted ; lobes oblong-lanceolate, spreading,
villous within, much longer than the tube. Anthers 12-15. Carpels 5, downy ; style
curved. Follicles as large as the fist, woody, oblong, boat-shaped, shortly beaked,
Sterculia.] xxvii. sterculiace-s:. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 355
nearly glabrous. Seeds 10-15, the size of filberts, black, smooth ; albumen ; coty-
ledons thick, fleshy, 5-nerved, plumule developed. — The seeds are roasted and eaten as
chestnuts.
2. S. ▼ersicolor, Wall. PI. As. Ear. i. 48, t. 59 ; leaves peltate digitate,
leaflets 5-7 oblong acumftiate pubescent beneath, calyx-lobes in flexed conni-
vent at the tips. Wall. Cat. 1129. £r. in Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 227.
BiRMA, on limestone rocks, by the banks of the Irrawaddy, near Segaen, Wallich.
A tree 16 ft. Trunk thick, bark grey. Branches spreading. Leaflets 5-7 by 2-2^
in., glabrous above, whitish-pubescent beneath; petiole 6-8 in., dilated at the apex.
Panicles at the ends of the branches, erect, shorter than the petioles. Flowers oo,
small, fragrant, orange-yellow, pedicelled. Calyx \ in., campanulate, segments oblong.
Staminal column curved. 9 fl. : ovary pedicelled, 5-furrowed, villous ; style short, villous,
stigma subpeltate, 5-lobed, lobes obtuse.
** Leaves palmately lobed.
3. S. urens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Cor. PI. i. 25, t. 24 ; Fl Ind. iii. 145 ;
leaves 5-lobed velvety beneath, panicles erect, follicles armed with sharp
bristles. W.(h A. Prodr. i. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 1120 in part ; Dalz. <&; Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 23 ; Thwaites Enum. 29 ; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 227. Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat i. pt. 2, 172. Cavallium urens, Schott (k Endl. Melet. 33.
North- West India, Assam, Behar, Eastern and Western Peninsulas, Ceylon.
A soft-wooded tree, with white papery outer bark, inner fibrous. Trunk erect.
Branches spreading, marked with large scars. Leaves about the ends of the branches,
9-12 in. long and broad, rounded, base cordate, lobes entire acuminate ; petiole 6-9 in.
Panicle dense, terminal, oo -flowered, glandular-pubescent. Flowers small, yellow, 9
mixed with many 6. Calyx \ in. diam., campanulate, 5-parted, lobes acute, spreading.
Filaments \0. Follicles 5, oblong, radiating, yellow pubescent, with stinging hairs
intermixed. Seeds 3-6, oblong, black. Yields a colloid gum, and the seeds are roasted
and eaten. — In Wallich's herbarium, under number 1120 D, E, F {S. urens), are
fragments of two or three species intermixed, with no indication of the proper letters
pertaining to each, the leaves are digitate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, there arc
flowers of two species, and fruits which may be those of S. villosa. The name S. uresis
cannot be properly applied to any of these fragments.
4. S. villosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 153 ; leaves 5-7-lobed
velvety beneath and with spreading villi, panicles pendulous, follicles
downy. Wall. Cat. 1136, 2, 3, D. ; W. <& A. Prodr. i. 63 ; Dalz. <fc Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 22 ; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. 227.
North-Western India, Bengal and Malabar, and the tropical Himalaya from
Kumaon eastwards.
A tree with white bark. Branches few, spreading, with large scars. Leaves 12-18
in. each way, glabrescent or thinly stellate-pilose above, base cordate, deeply palmately
5-7-lobed, lobes acuminate, sometimes 3-fid ; petiole as long as the leaf, expanded and
very downy at the top ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate. Panicle 12-14 in., deflexed,
much branched, rusty pubescent. Bracts filiform, caducous. Flower-buds globose.
Flowers oo, <5 and ? mixed, the former most numerous. Qalyx 4 in. diam., broadlj cam-
panulate, downy outside, pinkish within, 5-lobed, lobes spreading. Anthers lO. Ovary
globose, style recurved. Follicles 1^-2 in., oblong, spreading, rusty-villous. Seeds oblong,
black ; albumen bipartite ; cotyledons thin.
*** Leaves simple, not lobed, 1-nerved.
t Calyx-lobes hroady spreading.
5. S. gruttata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 148 ; leaves glabrous
above pubescent beneath oblong-ovate acute or acuminate base rounded
or subcordate, panicles sparingly branched. Wall. Cat. 1127, in p>a7't;
A A 2
356 XXVII. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Stermlia.
W. <i; A. Prodr. I 62 ; Wight. Ic. t. 487 ; Thwaites Enum. 29 ; Dah. <k Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 23 ; Beddcme Fl Sylvat. t. 105 ; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 229.
S. cuneata, Heynems. in Wail. Cat 1127'. S. alata, Wall. Cat. 1127 D,
not of others.— ^/i^et/e Hort. Mai. iv. t. 61.
Western Peninsula, Concan, Nilghiri Mts. ; Malabar^ Eastern Peninsula, at
Malacca and the Andaman Isles ; Ceylon, Ambagamowa district.
A tree. Trunk straight. Bark cracked, ash-coloured, inner fibrons. Young shoots
pubescent. Leaves!-^ by 4 in., scabrid above, nerves stellate-pilose beneath ; petiole
2 in,, thinly stellate pilose ; stipules ensiform, caducous. Panicle emialling the leaves,
branches horizontal, rusty-tomentose ; ultimate pedicels shorter than tne flowers. Bracts
lanceolate. Flower-huds globose. Fioicera chiefly <J. Calyx A in., densely ru^ty-
downy outside, glandular within, canipanulate, 5 fid ; segments broadly ovate-acute,
ultimately reflexed, covered with long hairs. Anthers 12. Ovary stalked, globose,
3_5.1obed, ^fyZe curved, stigma 3-5-lobed. i^o///c/e« 1-5, size ofa small apple, each
about 3 in., obovoid, covered with reddish down, smooth, pink within. Placentas villous.
Seedn oblong ; testa black, brittle; between it and the second coat, which is brown and
tough, is a soft white sebaceous substance, innermost coat thin, membranous; albumen
amygdaloid ; cotyledons elliptic.
Brown, I.e., makes two vars., a vvith oblong ovate acute leaves ; and /3 with obovate
acuminate leaves and racemes much shorter than the leaves. — Cloth is made from the
bark in Malabar.
6. S. B-oxburgrlill, \yall. Cat. 1124; leaves glabrous oval or oblong-
lanceolate suddenly acuminate base rounded, racemes erect shorter than the
leaves. Wall. PI. As. Par. 2(52 ; Br. in Bmn. PI. Jav. Par. 229. S. lan-
ceaefolia, Poxh. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iil 150, not of Cav. S. ovaUfolia,
Wall. Cat. 1132. S. alata, Wall. Cat. 1125. in part.
Temperate Himalaya, ascending in Sikkim 6000 ft., /. D. II. ; Silhet and
A8.SAM.
A tree. Bark ashy. Leaves 4-8 by 1-3 in,, lanceolate ; petiole J-1 in., thickened at
both ends; stipules subulate. liacemes 2 m., axillary, few-flowered, pedicels erecto-
patent sparingly stellate-pilose. 6 fl. most numerous. Calyx 4 in. diam., scarlet, cam-
panulate, 5-parted, segments oblong-lanceolate, spreading, longer than the tube. Fol-
licles 1-5, 3 in., lanceolate, beaked, downy-scaberulous, pink. Seeds 4-8, black, ovoid,
coats as in S. guttata (Roxb.), albumen scanty ; cotyledons thick. — Wallich's S. avail-
folia only difl'ers in its oval leaves.
7. S. parvifoUa, Wall. Cat. 1123; leaves glabrous lanceolate base
tapering, racemes simple shorter than the leaves. Br. in Btnii. PI. Jav.
Par. 229.
Malacca and Penang, Porter, &c.
A small tree. Branches glabrous, purplish, bark cracking, leaving whitish striae.
Leaves 4-6 by 1^ in.; petiole 2 in., thickened at the apex. liacemes axillary, shorter
than the leaf. Flowers red. Follicles 2 in., downy, oblong. Seeds black. — Specimens
imperfect.
8. S. striatlflora, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong-acute base tapering,
panicle branched shorter than the leaves, calyx funnel-shaped striated.
Birma, Griffith.
A shrub. Leaves 8-18 by 4-6 in., leathery, arch-veined, midrib prominent ; petiole
1 in. ; stipules subulate. Brandies of panicles erecto-patent, ultimate pedicels shorter
than the flowers. Bracteoles minute. Calyx { in., glabrous, pink externally, longitu-
dinally striated ; lobes linear, erecto-patent. — Imperfect specimens only seen.
9. S. macrophylla, Vent. Hort. 31 aim. ii. n. 91, in note; leaves glabrous
above tomentose beneath suborbicular quite entire base deeply cordate,
calyx-lobes triangular. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 230.
Sterculia.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 357
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java.
A large tree. Leaves 12-16 by 10-12 in., venation arched, secondary veins proceed-
ing nearly to the margin before arching ; petiole downy, 6 in. Panicles deflexed, much
branched, nearly equalling the leaves, ultimate pedicels capillary, shorter than the
flowers, pubescent and hispid. Flower-buds minute, subglobose. Calyx | in., cup-
shaped, stellate-hairy, 5 fid ; lobes triangular, erect, shorter than the tube. Follicle
2 in., downy, smooth within.
10. S. lingruifolia, Afast. ; leaves glabrous oblong- obtuse base rounded
1-nerved, racemes slender pendulous shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes
linear subulate 3-4 times longer than the tube.
Tavov, Parish.
A shrub, 6 ft. Leaves 7-8 by 2 in., coriaceous ; petiole 1^ in. Flower-huds lan-
ceolate. Calyx I in., salmon-coloured ; lobes slightly ciliated externally, free at the
tips, much longer than the tube. — Imperfect specimens only seen.
11. S. pubescens, Mast. ; leaves glabrous above pubescent beneath
oblong obtuse or abruptly acuminate base cordate, panicle erect, calyx
campanulate lobes triangular acute.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree, younger portions rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in., nerves stellate-
hairy beneath; petiole 1| in., sulcate striated; stipules \ in., subulate. Panicle much
branched, as long or longer than the leaves ; ultimate pedicels jointed, pubescent,
spi'eading. Calyx | in., segments hairy within, equalling the tube. Ovary globose,
downy, style deciduous.
12. S. armata, Mast. ; leaves glabrous above downy beneath oblong
acute base rounded nerves hispidulous, panicle erect, calyx broadly cam-
panulate lobes ovate-lanceolate.
Bhotan, Griffith.
A tree. Bark grey, marked with very large cordiform scars. Leaves crowded at
the ends of the branches, 5-6 by 2 in. ; petiole fin., rusty -hispid ; stipules ^-^ in.,
deltoid-lanceolate, striate. Panicle as long as or longer than the leaves, erect or
ascending, many-flowered ; pedicels subpilose, as long as the flowers. Flower-buds
oblong. Calyx f in. diam., pink, 5-fid ; lobes spreading, longer than the bell-shaped
tube. Fruit not seen.
tt Calyx-lobes narrow incurved, frequently cohering at the tips, gaping at
the sides.
13. S. laevis, Wall. Cat. 1138 ; leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous
base tapering, panicles erect, nearly the length of the leaves, calyx sub-
globose, segments broadly lanceolate. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Ear. 230 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 174. S. coccinea, Jack Mai. Misc. i. 286, not of
Roxb.
Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay; Pegu, Kurz. — Distrib. Java.
A small tree. Leaves 6-7 by 14-24 in. ; petiole 1^-2 in., thickened at the apex.
Peduncles very slender, ultimate pedicels spreading, as long as the flower. Bracteoles
very minute, subulate. PHower-buds oblong. Flowers \-% in. ; calyx-lobes linear
from a broad base, much longer than the tube, glabrous without, bearded within. Fol-
licles 14 in., woody, downy externally, smooth and crimson within, tip beaked. Seeds
small, oblong, b'-ick, shining.
14. S. coccinea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 151 ; leaves glabrous
lanceolate abruptly acuminate base tapering, panicles lax drooping, calyx-
segments deltoid below linear-lanceolate above 4-5 times longer than the
tvihe.— Wall. Cat. 1122, C ; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. 230. S. lanceolata,
Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1122.
358 XXVII. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Stercidia.
Tropical Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, 3-6000 ft., /. 2). H"./ Bhotax, Oriffith;
Assam, and the Khasia Mts.
A small tree. Leaves 4-8 by 1-3 in., quite entire, sometimes with scanty stellate
hairs beneath ; petiole 1 in., hairy, apex thickened ; stipules subulate. Panicles
equalling the leaves, ultimate pedicels capillary, as long as the flowers. Bractcoles
subulate. Flower-huds lanceolate from a broad base ; <J flowers \\ in. diam., green ex-
ternally, pink wiihin. Sepals incurved, woolly tips coherent or free, sometimes spread-
ing. Follicles 4-5 in., lanceolate, beaked, downy externally, crimson on both surfaces.
Seeds 4-8, ovoid, smooth, albumen scanty, bipartite. — On some specimens dimorphic
male fl. may be seen, the majority similar to those above described, others in which the
sepals are united for the greater part of their length, forming a distended, somewhat
fleshy, pink, accrescent bell shaped calyx, ultimately attaining a length of 2 in. This
hypertrophy may be the result of insect or fungus growth.
15. S. nobilis, R. Br. in Benn. Fl. Jav. Far. 231; leaves glabrous
oblong acuminate, panicles pendulous, calyx-segments as long as the bell-
shaped tube linear incurved. Mio, FL Ind. Bat. i. part 2, 175. S. Balanghas,
Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. H4, not of WUld. ; Wall. Cat. 1118, B, C, E. Southwellia
nobilis, Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 69.
Malabar, at Quilon, Wight; doubtful if wild. — Distrib. China and Sumatra.
A tree ; bark brown. Leaves 2-12 by 2-6 in. ; petiole 1 in. Panicles lax, axillary,
many-flowered ; ultimate pedicels filiform, glabrous, spreading horizontally. Flower-
huds fu8iform. <J flowers \ in. diam., fragrant, campanulate, lioary-tomentose outside,
rC'l within. Staminal column slender, curved. ^ llowcrs tVw. Ovary very hairy, stipi'
tate, 5-lobed, style curved. Follicles woody, ovoid, beaked . Seeds few, testa dark
chestnut, clammy, inner coat coriaceous, dull black; albumen 0; cotyledons thick. —
Seeds eaten as chestnuts.
16. S. Balangrhas, L.; Br. in Benn. Fl. Jav. Rar. 231, not of Roxh. ;
leaves pubescent beneath oblong-ovate obtuse acuminate or lanceolate base
rounded not cordate, panicle erect or nodding as long as the leaves, flowers
globular, sepals as long as the hispid bell-shaped tube, stigmas long. Wall.
Gat. 1118, D ; Wight, III. t 30 ; W. (0 .-1. Frodr, i. 62 ; Thwaites Enum. 29.
—Rlieede Hart. Mai. i. t. 49.
Throughout the hotter parts of India and in Cetlon.
A tree ; herbaceous portions rusty-tomentose. Leaves 5-6 by 3 in. ; petiok li-2 in.;
stipules subulate. Panicle stellate-hairy ; pedicels longer than the flowers. Flower-
huds ovate, obtuse. Calt/x globose i in. diam., downy outside, hispid within, 5-cleft to
the middle, segments connivcnt. Stigmas recurved, as long as the style. Follicles 3 in.,
woody, oblong acuminate, covered with rusty down. Seeds oblong, black.
Var. 1. mollis; leaves elliptic-oblong, panicles nodding, pedicels capillary pilose,
spreading. S. mollis, Wall. Cat. 1131, 1426, 1427; Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Bar.
231. — Bhotan and the Eastern Peninsula. More densely pubescent than the type, but
otherwise hardly distinguishable.
Var. 2. angmtifolia; leaves narrow lanceolate, panicle spreading or ascending,
pilose. S. angustifolia, Boxh. Hort. Bevg. 50; FL Ivd. iii. 148; Wall. Cat.W.Vi;
Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Bar. 231. — North-Western provinces, Nipal and Mergui. Roj^
burgh describes the panicle as pendulous : I always find it ascending in herbarium
specimens.
Var. 3. ghhrescens ; leaves glabrescent beneatb.' Mergui, Oriffith.
17. S. rubig-lnosa, Ve7it. Hort. Malm. ii. 91, m note; leaves oblong
acute or abruptly acuminate glabrous Above downy beneath base rounded
stipules very long, panicle erect, calyx-lobes as long as the tube, stigmas
short. Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 232; Miq. FL Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 175.
S. angustifolia. Jack Mai. Misc. i. ; Hook. BoL Misc. i. 287. S. Jackiana,
WalL Cat 1134.
Sterculia.] xxvii. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 369
BiBMA and the Eastern Peninsula. — Distkib. Java.
A tree ; herbaceous portions rusty -villous. Leaves 8-10 by 2 4 in., nerves rusty-hispid
beneath ; petiole ^-^ in., hispid ; stipules 1 in., subulate-lanceolate. Panicle scarcely
equalling the leaves, laxly hispid, mauy-flowerecl ; ultimate pedicels spreading, scarcely
exceeding the flowers. Flower-buds short, broadly ovate, acute. Calyx ^ in. long,
subglobose, lobes linear-subulate, incurved or spreading, hispid. Follicles 2 in., lanceo-
late, beaked, downy externally, crimson inside. JSeeds 4 in. long, black.
18. S. ensifolia, Mast. ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends apex
gradually acuminate stipules half the length of the petiole, panicles erect
half the length of the leaves, calyx-lobes much exceeding the tube, stigmas
short.
Penano, Philips ; Mergui, Griffith.
A tree. Zeaves 8-10 by 2^ in.", glabrous above, pubescent beneath, nerves rusty-
hispid beneath; petiole |-1 in., densely rusty-tomentose ; stipules filiform, half the
length of the petioles. Panicle few- flowered ; ultimate pedicels shorter than the flower,
rusty-tomentose. Flower-buds ovate- lanceolate. Calyx nearly ^ in. ; lobes linear-
lanceolate, sparingly hispid at the edges. Ovary 5-lobed, hispid; style curved, stigma-
lobes rounded, short, radiating. Follicles downy, curved, lanceolate, beaked.
19. S. parviflora, Eoxb. ffort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. hid. iii. 147 ; leaves oblong-
ovate acuminate glabrescent above slightly pubescent beneath base sub-
cordate, panicles spreading as long as the leaves, calyx minute, tube urceolate
5-toothed teeth inflexed. Wall. Cat. 1121 ; Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Ear. 232.
SiLHET, Wallich; Malacca and Penang, Maingay, &c.
A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2^-4 in. ; petiole 1^ in., apex thickened. Panicle
stellate hairy ; ultimate pedicels as long as the calyx, capillary, pilose. Calyx {m.^
yellowish; tube longer than the 5, appressed, connivent lobes. Ovary globose, 5-lobed ;
style short. Follicles 2 in., downy, oblong, beaked. JSeeds oblong, black, albumen
bipartite.
20. S. bicolor. Mast. ; leaves oblong-acute glabrescent above hoary
tomentose beneath base rounded or subcordate midrib rusty subpilose
beneath, calyx-lobes linear incurved as long as the campanulate tube.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree 40-50 ft. Leaves 3-4 by 1^ in., coriaceous, 1-nerved, entire ; petiole 1^ in.,
striate. Panicle many-flowered, shorter than the leaves; branches spreading or de-
flexed, rusty-tomentose ; ultimate pedicels longer than the flowers. Calyx $ in., 5-fid
to the middle.
21. S. nCaingrayi, Mast. ; leaves obovate oblong abruptly acuminate
glabrous base cordate, panicle erect or spreading equalling the leaves,
calyx-lobes linear as long as the campanulate downy tube.
Malacca, Maingay.
A lofty tree. Leaves 8-9 by 3-4 in. ; petiole 3 in. Panicle erect, many-flowered ;
pedicels spreading, pubescent, longer than the flowers. Flowers | in. long, urceolate-
campanulate. Follicles 3-4 in., oblong, acuminate, downy externally, ^eeds | in.
oblong, black ; albumen and cotyledons fleshy.
Sect. II. Firixiiana, Marsili; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Ear. 235 (gen,).
Follicles membranous, opening long before maturity. Seeds two or more ;
embryo transverse, radicle inferior,
22. S. color ata, Eoxh Hort. Beng. 50; Cor. PI. i. 26, t. 25 ; FLInd.
iii. 146; leaves glabrescent roundish palmately lobed lobes acuminate,
calyx tubular club-shaped covered with orange coloured down. Wall. Cat.
360 xxvii. STERCULIACEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Stereulia.
1119, F. : Hook. Ic. PI. 143 : Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 23 ; W.& A. Prodr. i.
63. S. rubicunda, Wall. Cat. 1119, D, F, G. Firmiana colorata, Br. in
Benn. PI. Jav. Ear. 235 ; Thvxiites Enum. 29. Erytliropsis Ruxburghiaiia,
Scliott & Endl. Meld. Bot. 33.
Eastern Bengal ; Pegu, the Western Peninsula, and Ceylon.
A large tree ; trunk erect, bark ashy, branches spreading. Leaves^&-9 by 5-12 in.,
about the ends of the branches, base cordate, 3-lobed, lobes triangular acuminate ;
petiole 4-9 in. ; stipules erect, lanceolate. Panicle terminal, coral-like, many-flowered ;
pedicels covered with orange-red tomentum. Calyx f in., tube 4 times longer thnn the
rounded rather obtuse lobes, orange-downy outside, pilose within; anthers 30, reniform.
Styles recurved. Follicles 2-3 in., stipitate, glabrous, membranous. Seeds ovoid", smooth
or wrinkled, of the size of a field bean. — Brown, I.e., admits 3 varieties: Var. 1, with
furfuraceous calyx, tube nearly 4 times longer than the lobes. Var. 2 is S.fvlgens,
Wall. Var. 3 has calyx-lobes covered with loose spreading stellate hairs, tube scarcely
three times longer than the lobes.
23. S. fulg'ens, Wall, Cat. 1136 ; leaves cordate angular obscurely lobed
scabrid above pubescent beneath, calyx downy cylindric tubular curved.
Wal^. Cat. 11192. Firmiana colorata var. /3, Br. in Btnn. PI. Jav. Par.
235 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat., i. pt. 2, 178.
Tropical Western Himalaya ; Knmaon, alt. 2500 ft., Strach. & Wint.; Garwhal,
Falconer ; Birma and the Eastern Peninsula. — Distrib. Java.
A small tree. Leaves ample, 10 by 6 in., coriaceous; petiole pubescent, 12-18 in.
Panicle erect, branches covered with rusty-stellate down, many-flowered. Flowers
^-§ in., produced before the leaves, covered with yellowish down. Calyx-lobes ovate,
acute, 3-4 times shorter than the tube. Follicles stipitate.
24. S. linearlcarpa, Mast. ; leaves glabrescent cordate suborbicular,
panicle erect, petl uncles thick compressed pilose, flowers dense, calyx
tubular-campanulate pilose lobes ovate acute, follicles linear-lanceolate
yellow downy.
Malacca, Maivgay.
A tree. Leaves 6-12 in. each way, ample, coriaceous, entire, 7-nerved, nerves pro-
minent beneath; petiele 3-8 in., apex thickened. Panicle teiininal, erect, many-
flowered, rusty-pubescent, as long as the leaves ; pedicels spreading, jointed. Flower-
},uds globose. Calyx .j-j in., tube cylindric, limb rotate-campauulate ; lobes as long as
the tube. Staminul column slender. Follicles 3-4 in.
Sect.. III. Pterygrotaj Fndl. (gen.). Follicles woody. Seeds many,
winged at the apex, albuminous, radicle next the liilum.
25. S. alata, Poxb. Ilort. Beng. 50 ; PI Cor. iil 84, t. 287 ; Fl. Ind.
iii. 162 ; leaves cordate ovate acute glabrous, flowers nearly 1 in. flocco.se
tomentose, wing of seed large spongy. Wcdl. Cat. 1125. Pterygota Rox-
burghii, ScJwtt dj Fndl. Mdet. P. alata, Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Ear. 234.
S. coccinea, Wall. Cat. 1122 partly. S. Heynii, Beddome Flor. Sylvat t. 230.
Silhet and Chittagong, Roxburgh; We.stern Peninsula ; Tinnevelly, Heyne.
A large tree ; herbaceous portions covered with dense golden pubescence. Bark ash-
coloured. Leaves 4-10 by 3-7 in,, clustered about the ends of the branches, submera-
braiious, 7-nerved ; petiole 1—4 in ; stipules subulate. Panicles from the leafless
axils, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles caducous. Calyx campanu-
late, densely tomentose, deeply 5-parted, segments linear-lanceolate. Staminal column
I the length of the calyx. § flowers : ovaries 5, sessile ; style recurved ; ovules nume-
rous. Follicles 5, 5 in. diam , globose, depressed, woody, clothed with mealy pubescence
outside, corky within. Seeds many, oblong, compressed, wing 2 in. and upwards by
1^ in.; cotyledons not separable from the mealy albumen, radicle next the hilum. —
Sterculia.] xxvii. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 361
Col, Beddome, who gives a good description and figure of this plant, suggests, with
reason, that this is the true S. alata of Roxburgh. The latter author says there is no
albumen, but this is an oversight.
26. S. Thwaitesii, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong acute base rounded,
6 fl. ^-f in., 9 nearly ^ in., wing of seed membranous scarcely spongy.
Pterygota alata, Thwaites Enum. 29.
Ceylon ; Banks of the Mahawelliganga, at Haragam, Thwaites.
A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 2 in., glabrescent, coriaceous ; petiole 1-4 in. Panicles
axillary, as long as the petiole. ^Zo?/;ers pubescent, Ca^i/x divided half-way down ;
lobes ovate, acute, as long as the bell-shaped tube. Staminal-column slender, ^ shorter
than the calyx. ? fl. : ovaries 3, with staminodes at the base ; styles 3 ; ovules go .
Follicles 3 by 2 in., woody, oblong,, obtuse. Seed obovate, wing terminal, oblong,
truncate, twice the length of the seed.
Sect. IV. Kildeg-ardia, Endl. Follicles membranous, winged at
the top, ultimately dehiscent Seeds albuminous, radicle next the hilum.
27. S. populifolia, Roxh. Hort. Bmg. 60 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 148 ; leaves
glabrous rounded cordate acuminate, carpels ovate ventricose terminated by
a membranous oblique obtuse cultrif orm wing. Wall. PI. As. Ear. 1. 3, t. 3,
Cat. 1128. S. populifolia, W. (k A. Prodr. i. 62. Hildegardia populifolia,
Br. in. Benn. PL Jav. Mar. 235.
Westekn Peninsula ; Cororaandel, Eoxhurgh.
A tree. Barh smooth ; young branches like those of a poplar, angular. Leaves 3-4
by 4 in., 7-uerved ; petiole 2-6 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, shorter than the
leaves ; branches angular, glabrous, spreading ; ultimate pedicels shorter than the
flowers. I'lower-huds oblong. Calyx-segments \ in., free nearly to the base, linear-
spathulate, downy externally. Ovary hispid, ovoid, tapering into a short style, stigma
5-lobed. Follicle solitary. Seeds oblong, | in. long. — De CandoUe's var. acutiuscula
(Prodr. i. 483) differs in its more acutely pointed leaves, but is scarcely separable
even as a variety.
Sect. V. Scaphiuxn, Fndl. Anthers 10-15. Stigmas lobed, subcapi-
tate. Follicles large, leafy, boat-shaped, dilated at the base, opening long
before maturity. Seed solitary, albuminous, radicle next the hUum.
28. S. scaphig^era, Wall. Cat. 1130 ; leaves glabrous, oblong-lanceolate
1-nerved, calyx campanulate 5-parted lobes reflex.ed. Scaphium Wallichii,
Br. in. Benn. PI. Jav. Kar. 236.
Martaban, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay. *
A lofty tree. Leaves 12-14 by 6 in., coriaceous, base rounded; petiole 4-5 in.,
thickened at the top. Flowers panicled. Calyx j in., pilose. $ fl. : stamens 10-14 ;
anthers pilose. 9 A. : ovary villous, on a long slender stalk, 2-celled, with a ring of
sessile anthers at the base; style filiform, stigmas 2. Follicles at first pilose, ulti-
mately 6-8 by 3-4 in., venoso- reticulate, 1-2-seeded. Seeds globose; cotyledons pale
green.
29. S. aifinis, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong base truncate 5-nerved,
branches of panicle downy flattened or angular, flowers very smaU.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 4-5 in., coriaceous, midrib striated beneath ; petiole 3-4 in.,
apex thickened, striated. Panicle erect, as long as the leaves ; peduncles thickly
striated, angular, subpilose, spreading ; ultimate pedicels downy, densely crowded.
Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers \ in. Calyx-lobes ovate, longer than the funnel-shaped
tube. Follicle a span long, falcate, leaty, glabrescent, shining within. Seed | in.,
solitary, oblong, black.
362 XXVII. STERCULiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sterculia.
Sect. VT. Fterocymbium, Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. 219 (gen).
Flowers sub-hermaphrodite. Anthers 10. Styles coherent, stigmas recurvefl.
Follicles 4-6, nlembranous, opening long before maturity. Seed solitary,
albuminous ; radicle next the hilum. (Too nearly allied to Scaphium.)
30. S. oaxnpanulata, Wall. mss. ; leaves cordate ovate entire glabrous
above pubescent beneath 5-nerved, panicles terminal, calyx turbinate-cam-
panulate, seed glabrous. — Pterocymbium javanicum, Br. in Benn. PI. Jav.
Mar, 219, t. 45; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 179.
Pegu, Kurz. — Distrib. Java.
A tree 50-60 ft. ; bark brownish. Leaves 4 by 3J in. ; petiole equalling or shorter
than the leaves ; stipules ^ in., subulate, caducous. Panicles terminal, ascend-*
ing, shorter than the leaf; pedicels jointed. Bracteoles caducous. Calyx smooth,
coriaceous, divided half-way down ; lobes lanceolate. Stamival colvmn pubescent
below. Ovaries 5, sessile, gibbous at the apex ; styles short, cohering ; stigmas filiform,
recurved; ovules 2, collateral, erect, anatropal. Follicles 5-6, or fewer by abortion,
stipitate, glabrous, tSeeds spherical, testa crustaceous, wrinkled, innermost coat mem-
bra.ious, between the two a woolly substance is interposed {Brown).
31. S. tubulata, Mast; leaves glabrous entire oblong abniptly
acuminate, cymes terminal, calyx tubular-turbinate, follicles pilose 2 in.,
seeds pilose.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree. Leaves 6 by 2 in., coriaceous, l-nervod, base rounded ; petiole 1 in. Cymes
panicled, as long as the leaves, flowers numerous. Calyx glabrous ; lobes spreading,
ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Staminal column slender, pilose ; anthers in a
ring, lobes parallel. Ovaries 5 ; styles inflexed, tips cohering. Follicles 5, 2-3 by 1 in.,
stipitate, oblong, acute, dilated at the base. Seed ovoid.
2. TAXiaiBTIA, Blume.
Tall trees. Leaves digitate or simple, glabrous or scaly. Flowers uni-
sexual, panicled. Calyx tubular, small, 5-toothed. Petals 0, Staminal-
column short, bearing a ring of 10-15 very densely clustered anthers, cells
parallel. Ovary of 3-5 nearly free carpels opposite the sepals ; styles as
many, short hliform, stigmatose witliin ; ovules 1 in each cell. Ripe
mrpels of stellately spreading samaras with long falcate wings. Seeds
oblong ; albumen bipartible ; cotyledons flat ; radicle next the hilum. —
Distrib. Known species 3 or 4, natives of Australia, Java, and the Malay
Peninsula.
1 . T. simpllclfolia, Mast. ; leaves simple oblong quite entire apex
retuse slightly 2-lobed with an intervening mucro, cymes panicled as long
as the leaves.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree. Leaves 6-7 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous, 1 -nerved, feather-veined, nerves
approximate ; petiole 2 in., striate, apex thickened. Cymes many flowered. Flower-
huds globose. Calyx clavate-campanulate, 5-toothed, dnwny externally. S fl. : sta-
minal column short; anthers annular, lobes parallel, globose. 9 fl- : ovar?/ 5-lobed,
se^-sile ; stigmas spreading. Fruit samaroid, 3 in., oblong, obliquely spathulate,
glabrous.
3. KBRZTZERA, Alton.
Trees. Leaves coriaceous, simple, scaly beneath. Flowers small, uni-
sexual, in axillary panicles. (Jalyx 5-, rarely 4-6-toothed or cleft. Petals 0.
Heritiera.] xxvii. sterculiaceje. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 363
Anthers in a ring at the top of the column, cells 2, parallel. Ovaries 5-6,
almost free ; style short, stigmas 5 thick ; ovules solitary in each cell. Ripe
carpels woody, indehiscent, keeled or winged. Albumen 0; cotyledons
thick ; radicle next the liilum.— A genus of 4-5 species, natives of Tropical
Asia, Africa and Australia.
1. K. littoralis, Dryand. in DC. Prodr. i. 484; leaves oblong base
rounded or subcordate, ripe carpels smooth outer margin winged inner
keeled. W. <k A. Prodr. i. 63 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 142 ; Thwaites Enum,. 28 ;
Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 237 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, p. 179 ; Dalz. <k
Gibs. Bmnb. Fl. 22. H. Fomes, Wall. Cat. 1139, partly ; H. macrophylla,
hort. Balanopteris Tothila, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. 94, t. 99. — Rheede Hort, Mai.
vi. t. 21.
• Coasts of Bengal and of the Eastern and Western Peninsulas and Ceylon,
extending inland as far as the Khasia hills and Cachar. — Distrib. Tropical coasts
of the Old World.
A tree. Leaves 5-8 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, white beneath, with flat scales ; petiole
14-4 in. ; stipules lanceolate, caducous, i flowers small, in axillary much branched
clusters, which are shorter than the leaves. Calyx nearly 5 in., urceolate, 6-toothed,
downy. ' Column s\ioxi. Anthers 5. ? ^o?/7ers larger than the <J. Calyx bell-shaped.
Fruits 1-4 in., oblong, woody, smooth or tubercled.
2. K. Fomes, Bmh. in Symes Ava Emb. t. 28, (1800) ; leaves broadly
lanceolate acuminate tapering at the base 1 -nerved, ripe carpels obovate
flattened furrowed on the inner edge winged on the outer. Balanopteris
minor, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. t. 98, f. 2. Heritiera minor, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50,
Fl. Ind. iii. 142.
Abundant in the Gangetic delta, extending inland to Silhet, and along the shores
of the Eastern Peninsula. — Distrib. Borneo.
A tree. Trunk straight, often deeply grooved. Leaves 4-6 by 2 in., ashy beneath
and scaly ; petiole 1 in. ; panicles axillary, half the length of the leaves, crowded, much
branched, rusty-pubescent. Flowers small, | in., orange-coloured, bell-shaped. — Much
used for firewood in Calcutta.
3. K. Papilio, Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 218 ; leaves lanceolate 3-nerved
silvery and scaly beneath, flowers monoecious, ripe carpels winged. Wall.
Cat. 7836.
Travancore and Southern Carnatic, at Caurtallum and Tinnevelly, Beddome.
A lofty evergreen tree, all the young parts panicles and inflorescence clothed with a
golden, soft, stellate tomentura. Leaves 3-5 by l\-2 in., young downy on the upper
surface, ultimately coriaceous, glabrous and shining beneath, permanently silvery and
with close-set scales ; petiole |-f in. ; stipules entire. Panicles axillary, much shorter
than the leaves. $ fl. : calyx campanulate, 4-5-cleft. Staminal column slender,
glabrous ; anthers 4-5. ? fl. : calyx ^ in., 5-C-cleft. Carpels 5-6, ultimately quite
glabrous, with a pair of staminodes between each. Stigmas recurved. Ripe carpel
samaroid, wing large, subdeltoid, membranous, like that of some butterflies {Beddome).
H. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1140; Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 237, is a species of
Niota. (See Rutacece.)
4. REBVESZA, Lindl.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple. Flowers numerous, white, in terminal
much branched cymes. Calyx .campanulate or funnel-shaped, 5-fid. Petals
clawed. Staminal-column adnate to the gynophore, bearing a globose head
of 2-celled anthers, cells diverging, ultimately confluent. Ovary 5-lobed,
364 XXVII. STERCULiACEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Beevesia.
5-celled ; stigma sessile, 5-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, anatro-
pous ; raphe turned away from the placenta. Capsule woody septicidally
5-valved. Seeds 1-2 superposed, ascending oblong, compressed, winged
downwards, hilum lateral near the top ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat,
foliaceous, radicle inferior. — Distrib. 1 or 2 species, natives of Eastern
Asia.
1. Xt. Wallichli, Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 231 ad not. ; leaves thinly
stellate hairy beneath oblong acuminate base rounded, calyx campanulate.
Sterculia punduana, WalL Cat. 2701.; Griff. Itin. Notes, 73.
Eastern Tropical Himalaya ; Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft. : Bhotan, Griffith ;
Sikkim, /. i). ^.
A tree 50ft. Leaves 3 by 1| in., quite entire, l-nerved, thinly stellate-hairy; petiole
thickened at both ends ; stipules deciduous. Cymes panicled, dense, from the axils of
the fallen leaves, ultimate pedicels as long as the flowers, jointed, -2-bracteolate.
Floirer-huds pyriform. Calyx ^ in., at first closed, afterwards 5-fid. Petals white,
spathulate, clawed, exceeding the calyx. Staminal column slender, longer than the
flower, with .5 very short terminal divisions, each bearing 3 extrorse anthers; connective
thick. Carpels pubescent; style very short. Capsule l^-'^ in., pendulous, woody,
oblong, obtuse, 5-iobed, lobes keeled, septicidally dehiscent, ultimately separating
through the dorsal suture also. Seeds pendulous.
2. R. pubescens, Mast. ; leaves pubescent beneath oblong acuminate
base cordate, flowers panicled, calyx funnel-shaped.
Eastern Tropical Himalaya; Sikkira, T. Anderson; Bhotan, Griffith.
A tree ; branches thinly sprinkled with stellate hairs. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 '^-j sub-
coriaceous, glabrescent above, pubescent beneath, nerves stellate hairy beneath ; petiole
1 in. Panicle terminal, many-flowered, peduncles, pedicels, and calyx pubescent, ulti-
mate pedicels shorter than the flower. Calyx ^ in., inf'undibuli'orm, 5lobed, lobes
broadly ovate acute. Petals pink, linear-spathulate, twice the lengtli of the calyx.
Staininul colvmn stout, 4 times longer than the calyx. Fruit not seen. — Difl'ers from
P. Wallichli in its pubescent, cordate leaves, and larger flowers.
5. ILIiSINHOVZA, Linn.
A tree. Leaves palminerved, ovate, acuminate, quite entire. Iriflorescence
terminal, lax, cymose. Bracteoles small, ensiform. Sepals deciduous. Petals
5, unequal, upper with longer claws, margins involute. Staminal column
dilated above into a bell-shaped, 5-fid cup, divisions each with 3 extrorse
2-celled anthers, cells divergent. Ovarij inserted in the staminal cup,
5lobed, 5-celled; style slender, stigma 5-fid. Capsule membranous, inflated,
pyriform, loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, tubercled ; albu-
men scanty or ; cotyledons convolute ; radicle next the hilum. — Distrib.
One species only.
1. K. Kospita, L.; DC. Prodr. i 488; Wall. Cat. 1152; W. d: A.
Prodr. i. (34 ; Roxb. Ft. Ind. iii. 141 ; Dalz. i Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 23; Beddome
Flor. Syivat. Anal. Gen. t. 4; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bai. i. pt. 2, 186 ; Mast, in Oliv.
Fl. Trap. Afr. i. 226.
Eastern and Western Peninsulas; Southern Concan, Nimmo ; (a doubtful native,
Gibs, and Dalz.) ; Carnatic, Malacca and Singapore, Wallich, &c. Ceylon. —
Distrib. Java, Philippines, East tropical Africa.
Trunk straight ; bark smooth ; branches spreading. Leaves 6-12 by 2-3 in., 5-nerved,
smooth on both surfaces ; petiole nearly as long as the blade ; stipules ensiform.
Flowers rose-coloured. Petals 5, shorter than the lanceolate sepals. Seeds tubercled.
Helicteres.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 365
6. KEZ.ICTSXIES, Linn.
Trees or shrubs, more or less stellate-pubescent. Leaves simple. Floioers
axillary, solitary or fascicled. Calyx tubular, 5-fid, often irregular. Petals
5, clawed, equal or unequal, the claws often with ear-shaped appendages.
Staminal column adnate to the gynophore, 5-toothed or lobed at the apex ;
anthers in groups at the top of the column between its teeth, 2-celled, cells
divergent, sometimes confluent. Ovary at the top of the column, 5-lobed,
5-celled ; styles awl-shaped, more or less united, slightly thickened and
stigmatose at the tips ; ovules many in each cell. Follicles spirally twisted
or straight. Seeds tubercled ; albumen scanty ; cotyledons leafy, folded
round the radicle which is next the hilum, — Distrib. About 30 species,
natives of the tropics of both hemispheres, most abundant in America.
Sect. I. 'SpirocarpaBa. Ripe carpels spirally twisted.
1. H. Isora, L. : DC. Prodr. i. 475 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 143 ; W. <^ A.
Prodr. i. GO ; Wall. Cat. 1179 ; Dalz. d; Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 22 ; Thwaites Enum.
28; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 5; Wight Ic. t. 180; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. 2, 169. H. chrysocalyx, Miq. in PL Hohen. H. Roxburghii,
G. Don Gen. Syst. i. bOn.—Rheede Hmrt. Mai. vi. t. 30.
Dry forests throughout Central and Western India, from Behar, as far West as
Jamu, the Western Peninsula, and Cevlon. — Distrib. Java, North Australia.
Arborescent or shrubby. Leaves 3 by 2J in., bifarious, obliquely cordate, roundish
obovate, often lobed, shortly acuminate, serrate, scabrous above, pubescent beneath ;
petiole \ in., as long as the linear subulate stipules. Peduncles 2-3 together, in a short
axillary cyvnQ. Bracteoles small, subulate. Fhioers 1^ in. Calyx gibbous, laterally
compressed, somewhat 2 -lipped. Petals reflexed, red at first, fading to lead colour, very
unequal in size, 2 lower much the largest, claw winged. Staminodes 5 eraarginate
scales. /Stamens 10; anthers ovate. -PrM?i cylindric, beaked, pubescent.
Var. 1. tomentosa; under side of leaves tomentose, W. & A. I.e.; Wall. Cat.
1179 F. — The Western and Central forms are mostly of this variety.
Var. 2. glahrescens ; under side of leaves nearly glabrous, W. & A. I.e. ; Wall. Cat.
1179 C partly, E partly. — Miquel's H. chrysocalyx is a large-flowered form of this
variety, to which most of the Southern forms belong.
Sect. IT. Orthocarpeea. Ripe carpels straight, not spirally twisted.
2. K. ang-ustifolia, L. ; DC Prodr. i. 476 ; leaves glabrous above
cano-tomentose beneath, ripe carpels stellate-pilose sometimes mossy.
Wall. Cat. 1180. H. lanceolata, DC. Prodr. i. 476. H. virgata, Wall,
Cat. 1181. Oudemansia integerrima, Miq. PI. Jimgh. i. 296; Fl. fnd. Bat.
i. pt. 2, 170. O. integerrima var. j3 angustifolia, Hassk. Hwt. Bog. i. 98 ;
Miq. I.e.
Mergui, Griffith; Malacca. — Distrib. Java, Siam, China.
Shrubby, Leaves 3 by ^ in. ; base tapering, 3-nerved, entire or minutely serrulate ;
petiole 4 in. Cymes racemose-fasciculate ; peduncles 1 in. Calyx 5 in. Petals linear,
longer than the stamens, with two teeth at the base of the limb. Carpels 4 to f in->
oblong, obtuse, apiculate. — Varies in breadth of leaf and amount of pubescence.
3. K. elong'ata, Wall. Cat. 1845; leaves obliquely oblong-lanceolate
serrate thinly stellate hiiry above pubescent and stellate-hairy beneath,
ripe carpels stellate-hairy c r m >ssy.
AvA, at Taong Dong ; Birma, Griffith, WalUch ; Eastern Bengal, Sikkim, alt.
1000 ft., /. D. if.— Distrib. Yunan.
A diffuse, stragijling shrub ; branches very slender, stellate hairy. Leaves 3 by 1 J in. ;
petiole ^-4 in. Cymes elongate, terminal, nearly as long as the leaves, many-flowered.
366 XXVII. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Helicteres.
Bracteoles setaceous. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-fid ; lobes deltoid-lanceolate, pubescent.
Car2>el8 5, 1-1^ io., oblong, beaked. — Varies in amount of pubescence, and m shaggi-
iiess of capsule. The Himalayan forms have subglabrous leaves and very shaggy
carpels.
4. K. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 1184; leaves thickly stellate hairy above
pubescent beneath oblong obtuse entire base rounded, cymes spicate,
ripe carpels shaggy oblong obtuse. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873,
ii. 62.
Tavov, Gomez; Mergui, Griffith; MoviMEim, Lobh; Feqv, M^Lelland; Andaman
Iblvs., Kurz. — Distrib. China.
Shrubby, herbaceous portions ferruginous. Leaves 2\-A by 1 in., quite entire
3-nerved, petiole \ in. Cymes not much exceeding the petiole ; pedicels with 3 minute
setaceous bracteoles beneath the flower. Floicer-buds ovoid. Flowers small, \ in.
Calyx cylindric campanulate. Bipe carpels scarcely 1 inch.
5. K. g-labriuBCula, VTaU. Gat. 1185; leaves obliquely lanceolate
base cordate thinly stellate-hairy serrulate, ripe carpels short stellate-hairy.
? H. spinulosa, ^yall. Cat 1847.
AvA, at Pronie, Wallich; Birma, Griffith.
Shrubby, diflFuse ; branches very slender, virgate, purple, glabrescent. Leaves 4|-4
by 4-1 i in. ; petiole \ in. ; stipules subulate, deciduous, as long as the petiole. Flowers
gpicate ; peduncles half the length of the leaf. Ripe carpels ^-\ in., oblong, beaked,
stellate-hairy. — Flowers not examined.
6. K. spicata, Cohhr. in Wall. Cat. 1845, B. 1182; leaves stellate-
hairy above downy beneath oblong lanceolate acuminate, base obliquely
subcordate, cymes elongated spike-like, ripe carpels long shaggy. H. vestita,
Wail Cat. 1844. H. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 1183 partly. H. grewiaefolia, Wall.
Cat. 1443. , H. hirsuta ?, Herb. Ham. in Wall Cat. 26«6.
From SiKKiM, Assam, and Ava, to Penano. — Distrjb. Malayan Archipelago to
China (cult.?).
Shrubby. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in., varying in breadth from ovate-oblong to lanceo-
late, unequally serrate; petiole |-f in. ; stipules setaceous, as long as the petiole.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 3-flowered ; pedicels shorter than the flower. Calyx
nearly J in., bell-shaped, curved, distended at the base, downy. Ripe carpels 14-lf
in. ; stalks exserted From the persistent calyx, oblong-lanceolate, beaked, very shaggy.
— Variable. The following form is sufficiently distinct to be made a separate variety.
Var. lanigera, pubescent, leaves thinly hairy with simple hairs above pubescent
and stellate hairy beneath coarsely and irregularly toothed, ripe carpels oblong very
densely shaggy. H. lanigera, Wall. Cat. 1846.
The plant labelled in Wall. Cat. 2687 as H. longifolia and also as ff. carthagenensis
is apparently a form of this species with narrow leaves ; but it is too imperfect to be
accurately determined.
7. K. plebeja, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 67 ; shrubby,
scabrous, leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong dentate, ripe caq)els
stellate-tomentose and muricate.
Arracan, Kxirz.
Leaves 3-5 in., mostly petioled, base rounded, slightly hispidulous or subglabrous
above, stellate-hispid and scabrous beneath, densely cano-tomentose when young.
Cymes few-flowered. Flowers small, yellowish. Calyx ^-\ in., stellate -hairy:- Petals
longer than the calyx (Kurz l.c.)
7. PTEROSPERBXUZa, Schreb.
Trees or shrubs, scaly or stellate-tomentose. Leaves usually bifarious,
leathery, oblique, simple or lobed, penninerved. Peduncles 1-3 axillary
Pterospermum.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 367
and terminal. Bracteoles entire, laciniate, persistent or caducous. Calyx
of 5 more or less connate sepals. Petals 5, deciduous with the calyx.
Staminal column short, bearing, opposite to the sepals, 3 linear 2-celled
anthers between each pair of five antipetalous ligulate staminodes ; cells
parallel ; connective apiculate. Ovary inserted within the top of the
staminal column, 3-5-celled; style entire, stigma 5-furrowed ; ovules many
in each cell. Capsule woody or coriaceous, terete or angled, loculicidally
5-valved. Seeds winged above, attached in two rows to the inner angle of
the cells of the capsule ; albumen thin or ; cotyledons plaited or cor-
rugated, radicle inferior. — Disteib. A genus of about 15 species, confined
to troiHcal Asia.
* Bracteoles linear, entire, very caducous.
1. P. Jacklanum, Wall. Cat. 1164; leaves rusty-pubescent beneath
oblong abruptly acuminate undulate entire base 1-nerved, flowers sub-
sessile, capsule ovoid acute. — P. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1165.
Penang, Jack, Wallich, &c.
A tree. Leaves 3-4 by l|-2 in., oblique, nerves stellate-hairy beneath ; petiole 5 in. ;
stipules caducous. Flowers solitary, axillary, If in. cliam. Bracteoles minute, linear-
subulate. Flower-huds lanceolate, 5-ribbed. Sepals 2 in., linear-lanceolate, rusty-
tomentose externally, villous within. Petals half the length of the sepals. Capsule
14 by 1 in., terete, shortly stalked, covered with flat scaly hairs, 5-celled.
2. P. suberifoliuxu, Lam. III. t. 676, f . ii. 7iot of Roxh. ; leaves creamy-
pubescent beneath oblong abruptly acuminate coarsely toothed or somewhat
lobed towards the apex base cuneate rounded or subcordate 4-nerved,
capsule ovoid or obovoid-terete, seeds 4 in each cell. W. <k A. Prodr. i. 68. ;
Thwaiies Emun. 30 ; Dalz. <^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24 ; Wight in Hook. Bot.
Misc. iii. t. 26; Wall. Cat. 1166; 1172 in part. P. canescens, Roxb. Hart.
Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 1162. P. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1165? Pentapetes sube-
rifolia, L. ; Cav. Diss. iii. t. 43, f. 2.
Western Peninsula ; Madras, Pondicherry, &c. ; Ava, at Amherst, Wallich; Ceylon,
Thwaites.
A small tree. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in,, coriaceous, glabrous above, nerves stellate-
hairy not prominent ; petiole | in., rusty pilose. Peduncles axillary, twice as long as
the petiole. Bracteoles very caducous. Flower-buds oblong. Flowers 1| in. diam.,
white, fragrant. Sepals oblong, revolute. Petals linear-oblong, obtuse, equalling the
calyx. Cells of ovary 4-ovuled. Capsule 1-2 in., subangular, tapering to both ends,
4-5-valved, valves covered with dense fluffy pubescence. Seeds 2-4 in each cell. —
The Amherst specimen (P. oblongum, Wall.) is imperfect, and may belong to another
species, probably to P. Jachianum, according to a fmit preserved in the Kew
Museum.
3. P. diversifolium, Blume Bijdr. 88 ; leaves hoary beneath obovate-
oblong acuminate sinuate rarely peltate 3-5-lobed base cordate 1-nerved,
capsule large subclavate-oblong 5-angled. P. acerifolium, Zoll. & Atorr. Sy&t.
Verz. 27, ecccl. syn. Willd.
Malacca, Maingay ; Southern Carnatic, at Tinnevelly, Beddome. — Distrib.
Java, Philippines.
A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 2| in., coriaceous, veins arched, rusty-pilose; petiole 1 in. ;
stipules entire. Peduncles shorter than the petioles. Flower-buds linear-oblong.
Bracteoles entire, slrap-shaped. Sepals 5-6 in., linear, rusty -tomentose outside, silky
within. Ovary d 'wny, shorter than the style. Capsule 8-10 in. ; woody, sulcate,
tapering to the stalk.
368 XXVII. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pterospermum.
** Bracieoles laciniate or palmately divided..
4. T. rnbisinosvLm, Hey7if 171 Wall. Cat. 1168, 1168 B; leaves nisty-
pubescent beneath obliquely ovate-lanceolate entire base 4-nerved, capsule
oblong beaked 5-angled 5-f urrowed. W. d' A. Prodr. i. 68 ; Beddome Flor.
Sylvat. t. 106.
Western Peninsula ; Canara at Telliclierry, Bottler ; Travancor at Quilon, Wight.
A shrub ; branches slender, rod-like. Leaves 2 by | in., upper smaller, coria'jeous,
obliquely cordate, midrib with 2 nerves on one side and one on the other, basal lobe
rounded, often overlapping the corresponding lobe of the adjoining leaf; petiole \-\ in. ;
stipules oblique, laciniate. Peduncles ^-f in- Bracteolcs caducous. Floictrhxids
oblong, downy. Fioivers 1| in. diam. /Sepals 1 in., linear, rusty-tomentose. Capsule
2 in., ultimately glabrous.
5. P. acerifolluxn, Wllld. ; DC. Prodr. i. 500 ; leaves roundish or
oblong sihiple or lobed entire or coarselv toothed palmately nerved base
cordate often peltate, peduncles shorter than the petioles, capsule stipitate
oblong angled sulcate glabrescent. Boj^j. II art. Beng. 50 ; Fl. hid. iii. 158 ;
W.dc A. Prodr. i. 69 ; Wight Ic. t. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 1170. P. aceroides, Wall.
Cat. 1171 ; Kurz in Journ. Ai. Soc. Beiuj. 1873, ii. 62. Pentapetes acerif olia,
Cav. Diss, iil t. 44.
From the N. West Himalaya, in Kumaon, alt. 4000 ft., to Cbittagong, Tenasserim
and the Concan. Both Roxburgh and Wight question it being a native either of
Bengal or the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Java (native?).
A large tree; bark smooth, herbaceous portions floccose-pubescent. Leaves 10-] 4
by 6-12 in., polymorphous, palmately 7-12-nerved, adult glabrescent above, cano pube-
scent beneath, nerves prominent beneath and stellate-hairy ; petioles like the midrib,
striated, lower as long or longer than the blade ; stipules multifid, caducous. Flower-
luds oblong, obtuse, 5-aiigled, rusty-tomentose outside. Bracteoles caducous. Flowers
5-6 in. diam., pure white, fragrant, i'kpals linear-oblong, internally villous. Petals
linear-oblong, somewhat cuneate, but little shorter than the calyx. Staminodes club-
shaped. Ovary oblong, 5-angled, 5-celled, cells many-ovuled. Capsule 4-6 in. long, at
first covered with a reddish fluffy crust, 5celled, 6-valved. JSeeds numerous in each cell,
obliquely ovoid, compressed ; wing large, thin ; tes'a brown, smooth ; albumen scanty,
mucilaginous; cotyledons thin, folded (Koxb.). — The flowers render water gelatinous.
6. F. Bemisag-ittatum, Ham. in Poxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 160; leaves oblong-
lanceolate entire base very oblitjuely cordate or sagittate auricled on one
side, bracteoles deeply laciniate, capsule elliptic-oblong terete. Wall. Cat.
1167.
Chittagono, H. f. & T. ; Birma, Wallich, Griffith ; Tenasseeim, at Martaban,
WaUich. (Carnatic, probably cultivated.)
A large tree. Bark ash-colourcd, herbaceous portions very downy. Leaves 5-6
by If in., glabrescent above, hoary beneath, 5-7 -nerved, auricle often as long as the
petiole which is 1 in. ; stipules pinnatifid. Flowers terminal and axillary, generally
solitary on short, rusty-tomentose, drooping peduncles, 5-6 in. diam., pure white.
Bracteoles conspicuous. Flower-huds lanceolate. /Sepals linear, tomentose outside,
pubescent within. Petals obliquely obovate-cnneate, stellate-hairy externally. /Stami-
nodes as long as the style. Capsule woody, 2-3 by 1.^ in., covered with dense yellow
flufTv down. iSeeds about 10 in each cell, winged much as in P. acerif olium. —
Dr. Brandis informs me that the geographical distribution of this species needs further
enquiry.
7. P. lancecefolium, Poxh. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 163 ; leaves
lanceolate and 1-nerved acuminate base rounded, capsule ovoid acute,
obscurely 5-angled. Wall. Cat. 1172.
North- West Himalaya, Kumaon, Madden; Silhet, Boxhurgh; the Khasia Mts.
ascending to 4000 ft. ; Tenasseuim at Tavoy, WaUich.
Pterospermum.] xxvii. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 369
A tree. /S'^oo^s slender, virgate, hoary. Leaves 3-6 by 1| in., glabrescent above,
covered with whitish or cream-coloured tomentum beneath, nerves stellate-hairy ; petiole
very short. Stipules 2-3-fid, subulate-lanceolate, as long as the petiole. Peduncles
axillary, half the length of the leaves, dilated at the top. F loioer-huds oblong, striated.
Floioers 2-3 in. diam., sweet-scented, white. Sepals linear, rusty-pubescent, villous
within. Petals obliquely cuneate, longer than the sepals. Capstde 3 by 14-2 in.,
elliptic, covered with light grey down. Seeds 2-4 in each cell.
8. P. reticulatum, W. & A. Frodr. i. 69 ; leaves pubescent beneath
oblong entire or coarsely toothed towards the apex acuminate 3-nerved
base cuneate, peduncles longer than the petioles, capsule oblong acute slightly
angular furrowed, seeds 4 in each cell.
Malabar ; on the Naggar hills, Wight.
A tree. Leaves 4 by 1^ in., coriaceous, whitish beneath, nerves prominent, nisty
stellate-hairy ; petiole very short. Peduncles 3-flowered. JBracteoles 3-sect, segments
linear. Flowers 1^ in. diam. /6'e/;aZs Hnear-lanceolate. PefaZs obovate oblong. Staminodes
filiform. Ovary with about 6 ovules in each cell. Capsule 3 in., furfuraceous.
9. P. Keyneanum, Wall. Cat. 1169; leaves oblong acuminate coarsely
toothed or lobed near the apex 4-5-nerved base cuneate subcordate rarely
peltate, peduncles as long as the petiole, capsule oblong acute obscurely
6-angled scarcely furrowed, seeds 8-10 in each cell. W. S A, Frodr . i. 69 ;
Wight Ic. t. 489. P. suberifolium, Willd. Sjj. iii. 728 ; Bot. Mag. 1526 ;
Eoxh. Hort. Benq. 50; FL Ind. iii. 160. P. Lawianum, Nimmo in Grah.
Cat. Bomb. PI. 246 ; Dalz. (h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24. Pentaglottis suberifolia,
Wall. Cat. 1169, parti I/. Velaga xylocarpa, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. 245, t. 133.
Mountainous tracts throughout the Western Peninsula.
A middle-sized tree, herbaceous portions rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3^ in.,
variable in form and size, coriaceous, rarely lobed or peltate, whitish beneath, nerves
prominent 'rusty-pilose ; petiole pubescent, ^ in. Stipules deciduous, ensiform.
Bracteoles persistent, imbricate, deeply gashed. Flowers large, pure white, fragrant.
Sejials 2 in., oblong, revolute, hairy outside. Pe^aZs obovate, spreading. Capsule 2 in.,
pointed at both ends, more or less deeply furrowed at the sides, at first densely fur-
furaceous, afterwards glabrescent. — The nervation of the leaves varies in different
specimens, or even on the same ; when the leaves are entire the secondary nerves
are arched, when coarsely toothed or lobed they are strictly feather- nerved the
secondary nerves running out directly into the lobes.
10. P. g-labrescens, W. & A. Prodr, i. 69 ; leaves obovate shortly and
suddenly acuminate base cuneate cordate or subpeltate 5-nerved, stipules
entire, peduncles as long as the petioles, capsule large oblong 5-angied
beaked cells 10-12-seeded. Wall. Cat. 1169, imrily .—Blmede Hort. Mai. vi.
t. 58.
Hills of the Western Peninsula ; the Concan, Malabar, and Coromandel.
A tree. Leaves 6 by 3^ in., coriaceous, glabrescent above, a.shy pubescent beneath,
nerves conspicuous, rusty-pilose ; petiole ^-4 in. Stijmles ligulate, entire, half the
length of the petiole. Bracteoles deciduous. Flower-buds ovoid, acute. Flowers
4 in. diam. Sepals hnear-oblong, villous within. Petals oblong, nearly as long as the
sepals. Capsule 5-6 in., stipitate, at first covered with floccose rusty tomentum, after-
wards glabrous. — It is not quite certain that the flowers above described belong really
to this species. Wight describes the stipules as palmate, but in his specimens they are
entire. Probably it is not distinct li-om P. diversifoUum, Bl.
11. P. obtusifolluxn, Wight ms.; leaves glabrescent above ashy tomen-
tose beneath obovate oblong 1-nerved apex 2-lobed base cuneate, capsule
oblong obtuse tubercled downy.
Malabar, and the Carnatic; Courtallum, Wight. j0^
A tree. Leaves 3-4 by 2^-3 in., coriaceous, slightly oblique, obscurely, and remotely
VOL. L B B
370 XXVI 1. STERCULiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pterospermum,
toothed /lear the apex, feather-nerved ; petiole \ in., downy. Peduncle longer than the
petiole, jointed in the middle. Bracteoles and 'flowers not seen. Capsule 2 by 1 in.,
covered with squarish truncated tubercles. — Very distinct in its curiously tubercled fruit,
8. ERIOIiiENA, DC.
Trees. Leaves simple or lobed, downy or stellate-tomentose beneath.
Peduncles i!iX\\\a.vY, l-many-flowered. Bracteoles 3-5, laciniate, or small and
caducous. Cali/x, at first spathaceoHS, ultimately 5-parted. PeUds flat, with
dilated tomentose claws. ^Sta7niHal column short, bearing externally nu-
merous linear-oblong 2-celled anthers, in many series, cells parallel. JStami-
noc/es 0. Ovari/ sessile, 5-10-celled ; style erect, stigmas 5-10 spreading ;
ovules many in each cell. Capsule woody, loculicidal. i^eeds winged above ;
albumen thin, cotyledons plaited or contortuplicate, radicle next the
hilum. — A genus of 7 or 8 exclusively Asiatic species.
* Bracteoles deeply cut.
I.E. Walllchii, DC. Mem. Mus. x. t. 5 • leaves ovate or roundish
acuminate 7-nerved base qprdate, peduncles l-nowered, bracteoles pinnati-
sect, sej>als lanceolate, style pilose. Wall. Cat. 1174, C. Gumsia hirta,
Ham. in Wall. Cat. p. 157, 1174, B.
Njpai., WaUkh.
A shrub, herbaceous portions shaggy-ton^entose. Leaves 4-8 by 6 in., crenate-
nerrate, pilose above, stellate-tomentose beneath ; petiole 1-2 in. Stiimles nearly 1 in.,
leafv, lanceolate, with acute lobes. Peduncles villous, shorter than the leaf. Flowers
2^ in. diam. Sepals lanceolate, floccose-tomentose outside, villous within. Petals
orbicular, with a narrow hairy claw. Column glabrous. Fruit not seen.
2. X:. Stocksii, Jlook.JU. et Thoins. ins.; leaves roundish subacuminate
6-7-nerved ba.se cordate, peduncles 3-flowered longer than the leaves, brac-
teoles bipinnatisect mossy, sepals cuspidate, style pilose.
Western Pemxsula ; Coxcan, Stocks.
A shrub, bark purplish, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 4-5 by 3 in.,
crenate, stellate-hair)' above, pubescent beneath ; petiole 2 in. Stipxdes subulate.
FLoioer 14 in. diam. Semds cuspidate, glandular at the base within. Petals spathu-
late. Ovary 10-lobed. T'VmiV not seen,
3. E. Kookeriana, W. d; A. Prodr. i. 70 : leaves roundish acuminate
serrate base cordate, peduncles many-flowered, bracteoles shorter than the
calyx much cut pubescent, styles pubescent. — Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal.
Gen. t. 5.
Wsi^TERN Peninsula; the Concan, Nilghiri, and Pulney Mts., Wight; Behar, alt.
1-4000 ft., /. D.H.
A tree, herbaceous portions stellate-downy. Leaves 4 in. each way, thinly stellate-
hairy or glabrescent above, rusty-tomentose beneath, nerves prominent beneath ;
petiole 2 in. Peduncle longer than the petiole, stellate-hairy, at length glabrous.
Flowers 2 in. diam. Sepals narrow-lanceolate. Capsule 1 in., ovoid, pointed, 10-valved;
valves downy, tubercled or pitted, villous at the inner angle.
4. E. Candollel, Wall. PL As. Par. I 51, t. 64; Cat. 1175; leaves
ovate acuminate base cordate lobes rounded, peduncles many-flowered, brac-
teoles pin natitid pubescent, style glabrous. Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. FX 24.
Birma; Mountains of Prome, Wallich; Western Peninsula; Ram Ghat in the
Concan, Dalzell. Biiotan ? Herb. Griffith.
A tree, bark grey, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 5 by 4 in., upper
Bmalk-r, palmately 5-7 -nerved, stellate-hairy above, grey-pubescent beneath, crenate-
Eriolana.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 371
dentate; petiole l|-3 in. Flowers crowded, yellow, I5 in. Peduncles shorter than
the leaves. Sepals lanceolate, glandular within at the hase, slightly exceeding the
bracteoles. Petals oblong, apex notched, claw thick, villous. Ovary ovoid; style
glabrous, stigmas 8-10, revolute. Capsule 2 by 1 in., woody, ovoid, acute, beaked,
10-lobed, 10-valved; valves oblong, acute, keeled or rounded at the back, villous or
rarely glabrous at the inner margin. Seeds oo imbricate ; embryo erect, cotyledons flat.
— The Bhotan plant may, when fuller material is accessible, prove to be distinct.
** Bracteoles entire, or nearly so (Jackia, Spreng. ; Schillera, Reich).
5. E. spectabllls, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; leaves ovate acuminate
base cordate, cymes many-flowered panicled, bracteoles a little below the
flower linear entire rarely lobed, style pilose at the base. Wallichia specta-
bilis, DC. Mem. Mus. x. 104, t. 6, Microlsena spectabilis, Wall. Cat. 1173.
Gumsia tiliacea, Wall. Cat. 1173 D. G. chloroxylon, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
p. 157, 1173, E.
Central Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Simla, Webb.
A shrub or small tree, young shoots stellate-hairy. Leaves 3-4 by 1^ in., unequally
serrate, 7-9-nerved, scabnd above, ashy-pubescent beneath ; petiole 2 in. Stipules
capillary. Peduncles longer than the leaves ; ultimate pedicels stellate-hairy, nearly as
long as the flower. Flowers 2 in. diam., sulphur-coloured. Buds oblong. Calyx at
first spatbaceous, ultimately 5-parted ; sepals linear-lanceolate. Petals obovate-spathu-
late, claw thick, villous. Ovary ovoid, villous, oo -celled; stigmas 00. Capsule 14 in.,
woody, oblong ; valves obtuse, tubercled, villous at the inner angle. — Yields a fibre fit
for rope-making.
6. E. quinquelocularis, Wight under Ic. t. 882 ; Ic. Index 36 ; leaves
roundish toothed apex acute shortly acuminate base cordate, bracteoles a little
distance from the flower minute caducous entire or lobed, style hairy stigma
5-10-lobed, Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 5. Microchlsena quinquelocularis,
W. (^ A. Prodr. i. 71. M. flavescens, Garcke in PI. Hohenack. No. 1533.
Behae, alt. 1-4000 ft., /. D. H. ; Western Peninsula, Nilghiri mts., Gardner;
Coimbator, Wight; Concan, Dalzell; Belgaum Ghats, Bitchie.
A tree, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 2^-3 in. each way, palmately
7-nerved, thinly stellate-hairy or glabrescent above, whitish and softly pubescent be-
neath ; petioles 2 in. Cymes at the end of the branches ; peduncles longer than the
leaves, stellate-hairy ; pedicels shorter than the flower, jointed above the middle.
Flower-buds ovate-oblong. Sepals | in., lanceolate, stellate-hairy, glandular at the
base within. Petals equalling the sepals ; claw broad, pubescent. Column as long as
the petals. Stigmas revolute. Capsule 1| in., oblong, pointed, 5-10-valved ; valves
not tubercled, usually villous at the- inner angle. Seeds numerous.
9. PENTAPETES, Linn.
Herbs. Leaves hastate-lanceolate. Flowers axillary. Bracteoles 3, car
ducous, subulate. Sejxds 5, lanceolate, connate at the base. Petals 5.
Stamens 20, connate at the base, 15 fertile in 5 groups (of 3 each) alternating
with 5 staminodes, which are nearly as long as the petals ; anthers 2-celled,
extrorse. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, cells many ovuled ; style entire, twisted
and thickened upwards, stigmas 5 minute. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved.
Seeds 8-12, 2-seriate in each cell, not winged; cotyledons plaited, 2 partite,
radicle inferior.— A single species, widely distributed in tropical Asia.
1. P. phoenlcea, Linn.; Roxh. Fl Ind. iii. 157 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 67 ;
Wall. Cat. 1157, 2, 3, 4 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 190. Dombeya phoenicea,
Cav. Diss. iii. t. 43, f. 1. — Rlieede, Hort. Mai. x. t. 56.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Panjab to Birma and the Western
Peninsula.
BB2
372 XXVII. STERCULiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pentapetes.
A branched annual, 2-5 ft., glabrous or with a few scattered stellate hairs. Leaves
3-5 in., l-nerved, crenate-serrate ; petiole 1 in. Stipules subulate. Peduncle simple,
axillary, as long as or longer than the petiole, 1-2-flowered, jointed near the flower.
Practeoles half the length of the calyx. Flowers red, openiiiLT at noon and closing at
the following dawn. SepaU stellate-hairy, with a few simple bristles. Petals obovate.
Style short. Capsule subglobose, bristly, lialf the length of the pergistent calyx.
10. MSZiKANIA, Forsk.
Undershrubs. Leaves simple, downy. PeduncUs axillary, 1 -flowered.
Bracteohs 3-5, cordate, often longer than the sepals. Flowers yellow.
Sepals 5, connate below. Petals 5 marcescent. Stamens 10, connate below
into a very short tube, fertile filaments 5, alternating with as many
ligulate staminodes ; anther-cells parallel. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, cells 1-
many-ovuled ; styles 5, subulate, connate below, stigmatiferous on the inner
face. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved Seecls albuminous ; cotyledons
plicate, biparted, radicle inferior. — Distrib. Species 16 distributed over
the hotter parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia.
* Bracteoles linear.
1. M. inoana, Ilej/ne in Wall. Cat. 1200 ; leaves narrow elliptic-oblong
Serrulate, bracteoles linear-oblong shorter than the calyx, capsule sub-
globose shorter than the calyx. W. d: A. Prodr. i. 68 ; Aliq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. 2, 191.
Western Peninsula ; dry hills in the Carnatic and Mysore, Heyne, &c.
Suffruticose, branches spreading. Leaves 1-2 by ^-4 in., linear-oblong, obtuse, base
subcordate, tomentose beneath; peduncle 1-2-flowered, as long as the petiole, jointed
in the middle. Floicers small. Sepals j in., lanceolate, acuminate. Petals obovate,
longer than the sepals. Capsule hairy, shorter than the sepals. Seeds 2-4 in each
cell, tubercled.
2. M. abyssinica, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 76, t. 18 ; leaves elliptic obtuse
crenate-dentate pubescent above paler and tomentose beneath, bracteoles
linear shorter than the calyx, capsule longer than the calyx. Mast, in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 231. Brotera ovata, Cav. Ic. v. 20, 433. Melhania ovata,
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 841, excl. syn.
SiNDH, Stocks. — DiSTiMB. Cape de Verde islands, Abyssinia.
Suflruticose, cano-tomentose, branches prostrate intricate spreading. Leaves 1 by
3 in., doubly -serrate ; petiole \ in. Stipules J in., capillary. Peduncles axillary, as
long as or longer than the petiole, 2-4-fl(.wered. Flowers ^ in. diam. Bracteoles nearly
as long as the lanceolate stpals. Petals obovate, shorter than the sepals. Style very
short. Capsule slightly exceeding the persistent calyx.
** Bracteoles broad, at least at the base.
3. AK. cannabina, Wi(/ht in Herh. Kew. ; leaves oblong obtuse cre-
nulate base subcordate, bracteoles lanceolate equalling the lanceolate
cuspidate sepals, capsule subgibbous shorter than the calyx.
Western Peninsdla ; in the Carnatic and Mysore, fVight, &c.
A shrub, herbaceous portions cano-pubescent. Leaves 2^ 1{ in., 8ub-3-nerved, paler
beneath; petioles 1| in. Stipules fugacious. Cymes pedunch'd ; peduncles equallitig
tiie petioles; ultimate pedicels shorter than the flowers. I'lowersj^ in. diam. Bracteohs
striated. Capsule villous, the size of a large pea. Seeds numerous, angled, rugose.
4. M. Kamiltoniana, Wall. PI. Asiat. Par. i. t. 77 ; leaves roundish-
ovate subcordate obtuse unequally toothed, peduncles axillary twice the
length of the petiole, bracteoles cordate-ovate longer than the calyx.
Melhania.\ xxvii. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 373
Western Peninsula and Birma.
A shrub, cano-tomentose, branches spreading. Leaves 2-3 in., pubescent on both
surfaces, white beneath, 5-nerved ; petiole 1 in. Stipules setaceous, scarcely shorter
than the petiole. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered. Bracteoles recurved
at the edges. Sepals lanceolate, cuspidate, villous. Petals yellow, obovate, oblique,
longer than the sepals. Staminodes ligulate. Capsule ovoid, obscurely truncated at
the top, villous, shorter th;in the calyx, 5-celled, cells liiany-seeded. Seeds oblong,
somewhat 4-sided, truncated, tubercled.
Var. 1. tomentosa ; leaves rounded or subcordate at the base densely tomentose
obtuse, petals hardly exceeding the sepals. Pentapetes tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 1156. —
Dry places on the banks of the Irawaddi, Wall.
Var. 2. abutiloides, Am. (sp.) ; leaves deeply cordate cano-tomentose more mem-
branous acute or acuminate, petals much exceeding the sepals. Wight. Ic.t. 23.—
Western Peninsula.
5. m. futteyporensis, Munro in Herb. Hook.; leaves oblong acu-
minate serrate base cordate, bracteoles equalling the calyx cordate-oblong
acute margins recurved, sepals lanceolate cuspidate. M. Hamiltqniana,
Munro ^ Hort. Agrens. 9 {not of Wall).
North Western India, from the Indus Valley, alt. 2500 ft., Stewart^ to Delhi,
Falconer, and Bundelkhund, Edgeworth; Sindh, Stocks. .
A cano-puliescent shrub. Leaves 3 by 2 in., petiole 1 in. Stipules setaceous.
Peduncles axillary and terminal, 2-4-flowered, twice the length of the petiole. Flov)ers
1 in. diam. Capsule 4 in., oblong, villous, scarcely so long as the sepals.
6. IMC. toxnentosai Stocks in Herh. Hook. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
crenate-serrate, base rounded, peduncles terminal cymose, bracteoles oblong-
lanceolate cuspidate shorter than the sepals. M. abutiloides, Aitch. Cat.
Punj. PI. ^Zj^artly^ not of Am.
The Panjab, Aitchison; Sindh, Stocks.
A cano-tomentose shrub. Leaves 2 by 1 J in. ; thinly stellate-hairy above, paler and
softly pubescent beneath ; petiole | in. Peduncles about the length of the leaves, 2 -
3-flowered. Bracteoles ^ in., margins not recurved. Sepals | in., oblong-cuspidate,
tomentose. Capside oblong, villous, shorter than the calyx. Seeds muricate, angled.
— Nearly allied to M. futteyporensis, but with flowers about half the size.
7. M. Denhami, Br. in Denh. <^ Clapp. Voy. App. 233 ; leaves ovate-
oblong crenate-serrate 5-nerved at the base, bracteoles cordate-reniform
accrescent membranous. Mast, in Oliv. Trop. Afr. i. 230. M. bracteosa,
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 841. Erotera bracteosa, Guilt, et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 80,
t. 17. Cardiostegia Kotschyi, Presl. Epiniel. Bot. 249.
Hills of Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Beloochistan, Tropical Africa and Arabia.
Sufftuticose, cano-tomentose. Branches spreading. Z^eat^es 1^ in., elliptic, stellate-
hairy above, hoary-pubescent beneath ; petiole ^-1 in. Stipules setaceous. Peduncles
as long as the petiole, 3-flowered. Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals yellow. Capsule
spheroid, downy, hardly as long as the calyx. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell. — The flowers
open in the evening.
11. MSIiOCKIA. Linn.
Herbs or undershrubs, more or less downy. Leaves simple. Flowers
small, clustered or loosely panicled. Sepals 5, connate below. Petals 5,
spathulate, marcescent. Stamens 5, opposite to the petals, connate below
into a tube ; anthers extrorse, 2-lobed, lobes parallel. Omrf/ sessile, 5-celled ;
cells opposite the petak, 2-ovuled ; styles 5, free or connate at the base.
Capsule loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds ascending, albuminous; embryo
straight, cotyledons flat, radicle next the hilum. — Disteib. Species about 50,
natives of the warmer regions of both hemispheres.
374 XXVII, STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Mclochia,
1. M. corcliorlfolia, Lin?i. ; Willd. Sp. PL iii. 604 ; leaves obloug-ovate
serrate plaited base rounded or cordate, flowers in terminal or axillary heads,
with bracteoles intermixed, capsule globose, lioxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 139 ;
Thwaites Fnum. 30 ; Wall Cat 1 19& in part. M. truncata, Willd. aS>>. PL
iii 601. M. supina, L. SjkPL 944. M. aflSnis, Wall. Cat. 1198. M. paucillora,
Wall.Cat. 1199. Riedleia corchorifoUa, DC. Prodr. i. 491 ; W. d: A. Prodr.
i 66 ; Miq. Fl Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 188 ; IJalz. <i' Gibs. Bomb. FL 24. R. trun-
cata W. d' A. I.e. 66. R. supina, DC. Prodr. i. 491. R. concatenata, DC.
Prodr. i. 492. Visenia corchorifolia, Spreng. Syst. iii. 30. V. concatenata,
/Sprenfj. Sysf. iii. 30. V. supina, Spremj. JS'yst. iii. 31. Melochia concatenata.
Wall. Cat. 1197. Sida cuueifolia, Poxb. Uort. Beng. 50.— P/ieede Hart.
MaL ix t. 73.
Generally distributed in the hotter parts of India from Kumaon alt. 4000 ft. to
Sikkim, Malacca and Ckylon, — Distkib. A widely difluBcd tropical weed.
An erect branching herb or undershrub, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaver 1-3 in.,
variable in form, rarely obscurely lobed, subgiabrous above, thinly stellate-hairy be-
neath, base 5-ncrved ; petiole 1 in. Stipults subulate-lanceolate, shorter than the
petiole. /S'tpals 4 in., lanceolate, acuminate. Pttals obovate, white or pink, longer than
the sepals. Cupsule the size of a small pea, globose, exceeding the persistent calyx. —
Variable. Wallich's M. nffinis has the branches of the cyme lengthened and spike-like
'vvilh Uowers on one side only as in the form called concateiiata.
2. M. velutina, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 5 ; leaves cordate suborbicular
acuminate serrate, Uowers in umbellate corymbs, capsule oblong 5-lobed,
seeds winged. Visenia umbellata, Wight Ic. 509. V. tomentosa, Miq.
PL Ilohtn. Exsicc. Riedleia tiliaifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 491 ; JJalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. FL 24 ; AMiq. FL Ind. Hat, i. pt. 2, 188. Glossospermum velutinum,
WalL Cat. 1153. G. ? cordatum, WalL Cat, 1165.
Widely distributed through the hotter parts of India, from the N.W. Provinces to
the CoNCAN and Ava, but often cultivated only. — Distkib. Wild or cultivated in the
Mauritius and Malay islands,
A shrub or tree, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 4 by 3 in., thinly stellate-
hairy or glabrescent above, duwny beneath, Ijnse 5-7-nerved ; petiole 3 in. Stipides
\ in., leafy, roundish. Panicles many-flowered, lax, terminal and axillary. Flowers
i in. diam., pink. Cahjx campanulate, lobes 5, deltoid-ovate, connate to about the
middle. Petals oblong, twice the length of the sepals. JStameiis inserted witli the
petals on a lobed hypogynous disk, lilaments flat. Ovary 5-celled ; styles 5, opnosite
the petals. Capsule 4 iu., 5lobed, bristly. Heed solitary in each cell, wing ascending.
M. PYRAMiDATA, Linn, occurs as an introduced weed in India.
12. WAZiTHSRZA, Linn.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves simple. Stipules narrow. Flowers small,
iu dense axillary or terminal clusters. Sepals 5, connate below into a
bell-shaped tube. Petals 5, oblong-spathulate. Stamens 5, tubular below ;
anthers 2-lobed, lobes parallel. Staminodes 0. Ovary sessile, ^1-celled ;
ovules 2, ascending ; style excentric, stigma club-shaped. Capsule ^Ydlvad^
1-seeded. Seed ascending, albuminous; embryo straight, cotyledons flat,
radicle next the hilum. — Distrib. About 15 species, one or two of which
are tropical weeds, the remainder are natives of tropical America.
1. W. indica, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 493. W. <Sc A. Prodr. I 67; Thwaites
Enum. 30 ; Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 187 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bcmib. FL 23 ;
WalL Cat. 119i. W. americana, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 492; W. elliptica, Cav.
Diss.Y\.\ll\ WalL Cat. lldb. Melochia corchorifolia, If a//. Cat. 1196, H,
not of others.
Waltheria.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 375
Common in all the hotter parts of India, from Kdmaon alt, 4000 ft. to Malacca and
Ceylon. — Distrib. A widely diffused Tropical weed.
Perennial, villous. Leaves 1-3 in., shortly petioled, cordate-ovate, oblong, obtuse,
toothed, plaited. Flowers yellow, ^ in. Bracts narrow, villous. Sepals lanceolate,
acuminate. PetaU longer than the sepals, stalked.
13. ABROBZA, Jacq.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, serrulate, sometimes
angled. Pedimcles opposite the leaves, few-flowered. Sejmls 5, connate
near the base. PetaU 5, purplish, concave below, prolonged above into a
large spoon-shaped lamina. Staminal-cup of 5 fertile and as many sterile
divisions, fertile filaments opposite the petals, 3-antherifer6us ; anthers
2-lobed, lobes divergent. Staminodes longer than the fertile filaments,
obtuse. Ovary sessile, pyramidal, 5-lobed ; cells many-ovuled ; styles 5.
Capsule membranous, 5-angled, 5-winged, truncate at the apex, septi-
cidally 5-valyed, valves villous at the edges. Seeds numerous, albuminous ;
embryo straight, cotyledons flat cordate, radicle next the hilum. —
DiSTKiB. 2 or 3 species, natives of Tropical Asia.
1. A. aug'usta, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i 485; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl.
Ind. iii. 156 ; Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 183 ; Beddmie Flor. Sylvat. Anal.
Gen. t. 5 ; W. cO A. Prodr. i. 65 ; Wall. Cat. 1142. A. angulata, Lam. Ill^
636. A. Wheeleri, Retz. Obs. v. 27 ; Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1425. A. fastuosum
Ga^rin. Fruct. i. 307, t. 64.
Widely spread, native or cultivated, throughout the hotter parts of India from the
North West Provinces to Sikkim, alt. 3000 ft. ; Khasia Mts. alt. 4000 ft., and Assam.
— DisTRiB. Java, Philippines, China.
A shrub, branches downy. Leaves 4-6 by 4-5 in. repand-denticulate, base 3-7-nerved,
upper smaller, narrower, entire, glabrescent above, tomentose below ; petiole ^-1 ^n-
Stipules Hnear, deciduous as long as the petiole. Peduncle 14 in., axillary. Flowers
2 iu. diam. Sepals 1 in., lanceolate, free nearly to the base. Petals scarcely exceeding
the sepals, imbricate in the bud, deciduous. Capsule I4 in., obpyramidal ultimately
glabrous, thrice as long as the persistent calyx. — The bark yields good fibre. ,
14. GUAZVMA, Plum.
A tree. Leaves simple, tomentose. Flowers in axillary cymes. Sepals 5, con-
nate below the middle, at first spathaceous. Petals 5, concave at the base,
prolonged at the apex into 2 narrow strap-shaped processes. Stamens 10,
connate into a column which is tubular below, and consists above of 5 fertile,
3-antheriferous filaments opposite the petals, and 5 lanceolate staminodes
opposite the sepals ; anthers 2-lobed, lobes divergent. Ovary sessile, 5-lobed,
5-celled ; styles more or less connate ; ovules numerous in each cell.
Capsule oblong, woody, tubercled, resembhng a mulberry. Seed alba-
niinous ; embryo curved, cotyledons leafy folded, radicle next the hilum.—
Distrib, A genus of 5 species, chiefly natives of Tropical America.
1. G. tomentosa, Kunth ; DC, Prodr. i. 485; Wight IU. t. 31 ;
W. <^ A. Prodr. i. 64 ; Tkwaites Enum.. 29 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 107,
Buboma tomentosa, Spreng. Syst. iii 385. G. ulmifolia. Wall. Cat. 1141
Diuroglossum rufescens, Turcz. in Flora 1853, 735.
Generally distributed and frequently cultivated in the warmer parts of India ar.
Ceylon, but perhaps only introduced. — DiSTUiB. Java, Tropical America.
A tree, herbaceous portions stellate-tomentose. Leaves 3-4^ by 2 in., oblong-lanceo-
late, obhquely cordate, acuminate, serrate, scabrid, or glabrescent above, pubescent
376 XXVII. STERCULiACE-E. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Giucziima,
beneath, base 5-7-nerved ; petiole short. Flowers numerons, yellow, in terminal and
axillary panicles, which are twice the length of the leaves. Flower-htids globose.
Cr/Zj/j; liin^ell-shaped, stellate-hairy. /S'e/ja/s ultimately reflexed. Pt'^a/« exceeding
the cd^^TAnthers concealed in the hood of the petals. Capsvle 1 in., oblong, obtuse,
covered with obtuse black tubercles.
15. BUBTTNSRZA, Linn.
Herbs, trees or«hrubs, often climbers, frequently prickly. Foliage various.
Flowers minute, in repeatedly branched axillary or terminal umbellate
cymes. JSepak 5, connate at the base. FeMh 5, claw concave, limb with a
long strap-shaped 2-fid appendage. Siamens 10, connate below into a mem-
branous tube, bearing above 6 fertile stamens opposite the petals, and
5 staminodes opposite the sepals ; anthers 2-lobed, extrorse. Ovary
sessile, 5-celled ; cells opposite the petals, 2-ovuled ; style entire or 5-fid.
Capsule globose, spiny, septicidally 5-valved, valves breaking away from
a central column, cells 1-seeded. Seed ascending, exalbuminous ; coty-
ledons folded around the superior radicle, plumule lobed.— Distrib. About
45 species, mostly natives oi tropical America, a few are AsLatic, and one
African.
* Leaves usually longer than broad, generally simple.
1. B. herbacea, Roxh. Cor. PI. i. t. 29; Fl. Tnd. i. 619; herbaceous,
unarmed, leaves glabrous ovate acuminate toothed paler beneath; capsule
covered with small subulate prickles. Wall. Cot. 1146; W. d: A. Prodr.
i. 65 ; WigM Ic. t. 488 ; DaJz. <k GUjs. Fl. Bom}). 23. Commersonia her-
bacea, G. Don. Gen. Syst i. 523.
Western Peninsula ; not uncommon in the Camatic, Orissa, and Concan.
Stem herbaceous, unarmed. I^eaves \\2\ by f in., base cordate or rounded, 3-5-
nerved, nerves not glandular ; petiole ^ m. StijmlcK linear, eoualling the petiole.
InjloTescence longer than the adjoining leaf. Sepals linear-lanceolate, reflexed. Limb
oj petals subulate, as long as the st-pals, puberulous. Fertile filaments very short ;
staminodes ovate. Fruit the size of a pea, 5-lobed.
2. B. crenulata, Wall. Cat. 1150 : a tree, branches unarmed, leaves
glabrous elliptic acuminate, ca])sule globose glabrous covered with long
linear-lanceolate spines. B. polyacantha, Wall. Cat. 1151 ? B. catalpifolia,
Wall. Cat. 1152? B. echinata, W(dl. Cat. 1149?
NiPAL, WaUich; Biuma, at Attran and Saluen, Wallich; Pegu, M'Clelhmd.
Leaves A-b by 2-3 in., coriaceous, leaves 5-7-nerved, rounded ; petiole 2 in., thickened
at both ends. Peduncles short, thinly stellate-hairy, pedicels ^-| in., jointed in the
middle. Bracteoles equalhng the pedicels, persistent, lanceolate. Ploirer-bitds deltoid,
5-angular, pilose. Flowers ^ in. diam. Petals stalked, limb cordate with two rounded
lobes, apex linear. Ovary ovoid, style short. Capsule 4 in. diam. — The above synonyms
must be received with hesitation, the materials being too imperfect to allow of satisfac*
tory determination.
3. B. Jacklana, Wall in Roxh. Fl. hid. {ed. Carey) ii. 386 ; shrubby,
unarmed, leaves elliptic acuminate scabrid above, stellate hairy beneath,
nerves pilose, capsule globose covered with straight-subulate spines. Wall.
CatAU7.
Penang, Jack, &c.
A climbing shrub ; herbaceous portions pilose and downy. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2| in.,
entire or minutely serrated, base rounded ; petiole f in. pilose. Panicles axillary, much
shorter than the leaves, many -flowered ; pedicels capillary, stellate-hairy. Sepals ^ in.,
deltoid acuminate, spreading. Petals shorter than the sepals. Capsule 1 in. diam.,
glabrous, 5-lobed. Seeds black.
Buettneria.] xxvii. sterculiaceje. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 377
4. B. elliptlca, Mast. ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves pilose on both sur-
faces especially along the nerves elliptic- oblong shortly acuminate.
Malacca, Maingay.
A climbing slirub. Stem terete, downy. Leaves 5-6 by 3 in., base 5-nerved, rounded ;
petiole 3 in., pilose. Peduncles axillary, shorter than the petiole ; pedicels \-\ in., um-
bellate, thinly stellate-hairy. Flowers \ in. diam. Petals shorter than the lanceolate
sepals. Fruit not seen.
5. B. unclnata, Mast. ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves glabrescent elliptic-
lanceolate acuminate, capsule covered with hooked gland-tipped barbed
spines.
Malacca, Maingay.
Stem glabrous, scarred. Leaves 8-10 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous or with a few
thin hairs along the midrib on the under surface, base rounded, 3-nerved ; petioles
2^-3 in., thickened at both ends. Fruiting-peduncles half the length of the leaves.
Capsule depressed, 3-celled, spheroidal, the size of a hazel nut.
6. B. IHaing'ayi, Mast. ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves glabrous on both
surfaces lanceolate acuminate, capsule globose obscurely 5-lobed studded
with short subulate prickles.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
A climbing shrub. Leaves 10 by 3 in., coriaceous, base rounded, 5-nerved ; petiole
2 in., thickened at both ends. Peduncles barely 1 in., spreading at right angles, and
bearing an umbel of flowers; pedicels J in. Sepals \ in., ovate-lanceolate. Petals
shorter than the sepals, with a long linear appendage. Staminodes erect, oblong,
obtuse, 2-fid. Style as long as the ovary. Fruiting peduncle as long as the petiole.
Capsule i\ in. diam.
** Leaves more or less orbicular, or not much longer than broad, usually
lobed.
7. B. aspera, ColehrooJce in Roxh. Fl. Ind. {ed. Carey) ii. 383 and in
Wall. Cat. 1144 ; a tree, unarmed, leaves glabrescent suborbicular or oblong
shortly acuminate base cordate, capsule glabrous globose covered with stout
curved prickles. B, grandifolia, BC. Frodr. i. 486. B. nepalensis, Turcz.
in Bull. Mosc. 1858, 207.
Nipal, Wallich; Sillet, Da Silva, Sikkim and the Khasia Mts., ascending to
4000 ft., /, n. R. & T. T.— DiSTRiB. China.
Tree. Leaves 4 by .2^ in, and upwards, base 7-nerved ; petiole 2 in. and^ upwards.
Peduncle pubescent, as long as the petioles ; pedicels umbellate, ultimate pedicels \ in,,
jointed in the middle. Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers minute, downy, campandate.
Sepals deltoid. Capsule 1^ in.
8. B. andamanensis, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, ii. 47 ; Flora, 1871,
277 ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves glabrescent palmately lobed, capsule glo-
bose glabrous covered with short subulate spines,
Andaman Islds., Kurz; Tenasseeim, at Martaban, Brandis ; and Moulmein,
Lohh.
A climbing shrub. Stem terete. Leaves 4-5 by 4 in., thinly stellate-hairy, glabres-
cent, ovate, shortly 3-5-lobed, lobes acute or acuminate, irregularly and coarsely
toothed, base 5-7-nerved, deeply cordate, lobes rounded ; petiole 2-4 in. Stipules \ in.,
subulate, deciduous. Cymes 2-3-chotomous. Peduncles slender. Capsule the size of
a cherry.
9. B. pilosa, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 618 ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves pilose on
both surfaces suborbicular palmately lobed, capsule globose downy, studded
with subulate barbed prickles. Wall Gat. 1145. B. velutina, Wall. Cat.
1148, 192d.
378 XXVI T. STERCULiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Buettneria.
Eastern Bengal; Silhet, Da Silva; Assam and Khasia Mts., Griffith; Birma,
WaUich, &c. ; Chittagong, H.f. <& T.
A climbing shrub. Branches hispid with spreading hairs, or thinly stellate-hairy.
Leaves 4 in., shortly 3-lobed, lobes deltoid, entire or serrulate, 7-9-nerved, midrib glan-
dular, base deeply cordate, lobes rounded, upper ovate-lanceolate ; petiole 1^-4 in.,
densely rusty-tomentose. Stipules subulate. Infiorescence lax, much branched;
$eduncles longer than the petioles. FUnoers minute, campanulate. Sejials lanceolate.
^etals yellow, incurved, appendage orange. Capsule the size of a large cherry, globose.
Seed ovate-oblong.
16. COMBISRSONZA, Forsk.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, oblique. Injlorescerux cymose, terminal
or axillary or leaf opposed. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, concave at the base,
prolonged into a long strap-shaped appendage at tlie apex. Ftrtile stamem
5, opposite the petals ; anthers subglobose, 2-celled, cells diverging ; starai-
nodes 5, opposite to the sepals, lanceolate. Carpels 5, opposite to the sepals,
connate ; sti/les connate ; ovules 2-6. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, covered
■with bristly hairs. Seeds ascending, albuminous, strophiolate ; cotyledons
flat, radicle next the hilum. — Distrib. A genus of about 8 species, some
of which are natives of the Malay peninsula and archipelago, others of
Australia.
1. C. plat3rphylla, Andr. Bot. Rej\ t. 603, adnot ; leaves broadly
ovate-lanceolate oblique stellate-hairy above hoary tomentose beneath.
C. javensis, G, Don Gen. Syst. i. .523. C. echinata, Blume Bijdr. 86 ; WaU^
Cat. 1143; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 519, not of Forst. C. echinata, var. |3. Mvi.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 182. Buettneria hypoleuca, Turcz. in Mosc. Bull.
1858, 207.
Malacca, Penang, and Sincapore. — Distrib. Malay isles.
A shrub or low tree. Younger branches softly downy. Leaves 6 by 4 in., obliquely
subcordate, subacuniinate, irregularly serrulate, nerves with reddish down beneath;
petioles 4-4 in., do\vny. Stipules deciduous, herbaceous, palmately cut. Fhwen
numerous, rotate, \ in. diara., in much branched terminal cymose corymbs; ultimate
pedicels divaricate, hispid, as long as the flowers. Culi/x-lobes ovate, as long as the
tube. Petals 5, base concave, appendage linear. Stamens 5, o[)posite the petals, and
concealed within their concavity; staminodcs 5, lanceolate, opposite the sepals, as long
as the petals. Ovary 5-celle 1, cells opposite the petals. Capsule globose, the size of
a marble, covered with long filiform intricate ciliolated processes.
Var. Leschenauitii ; leaves glabrescent equally serrate, peduncles opposite the leaves.
The tme C. echinata of Forst. has not yei been met with within the limits of this
Flora, though it probably will be discovered in Malacca. It is distinguislmd from the
preceding by its narrower lance- shaped leaves, glabrous on the upper surface.
17. XiEPTONirCKZA, Turcz.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, entire. Flowei's cymose axillary. Sepals 5,
valvate, distinct nearly to the base. Petals 5, valvate, short, orbicular, con-
cave. Androecium tubular below, filamentous above, filaments 3-seriate,
outer series of 10-15 ligulate staminodes opposite the petals, middle of
10 fertile stamens also opposite the petals, innermost of 5 very short fleshy
subulate staminodes opposite the sepals ; anthers linear-oblong, introrse, de-
hiscing at the sides longitudinally. Ovary sessile, 3-4-celled; placentas
axile ; styles connate, stigmas capitellate ; ovules many in each cell, ana-
tropous. Capsule 2-3-celled, or by abortion 1-celled, dehiscing septicidally
or loculicidally, or both, simultaneously or irregularly. Seeds black,
Zepton^chia.] xxvii. sterculiaceje. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 379
aril fleshy orange-coloured, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat leafy, radicle
superior. — Distrib. A genus of 3 or 4 species, natives of both Peninsulas,
the Archipelago, and also of west tropical Africa.
1. If. acuminata, Mast. ; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate base
tapering, outer starainodes 10, inner subulate not ciliate, capsule 2-valved
valves ultimately dimidiate.
Malacca, Malngay.
A tree. Leaves 8 by 2^ in., glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole |-2 in. Flowerhuds
oblong, pointed, 5-sided. Flowers \-% in. diam. /Sepals spreading, coriaceous, lanceo-
late, downy on both sides. Petals less than half the length of the sepals, erect, sub-
coriaceous, orbicular, concave, villous. Androaciu'm tubular at the base, outer starai-
nodes linear-ligulate, nearly as long as the sepals, fertile stamens intermediate, as long
as the outer starainodes, and placed with them in pairs opposite the petals ; anthers
adnate j inner starainodes 5, very short, subulate fleshy, opposite the sepals. Ovary ob-
long, villous, 3-celled ; style terete, as long as the fertile filaments, stigma capitate
obscurely lobed. JSeed oblong, testa black shining smooth, aril fleshy orange-yellow
tubular covering half the seed from the hilum upwards, albumen fleshy, embryo
straight, cotyledons flat leafy base cordate, radicle superior away from the hilum.
2. Zi. g-labra, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858,- 222 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
abruptly acuminate base tapering subcordate, outer staminodes 15, iriner
staminodes ciliated, capsule l^celled. Oudem.in Compt. Rend. Ac. Roy. Sc.
Amsterd. 2 ser. ii. 8, cum, ic. and Walp. Ann. vii. 449. Grewia? caudata,
Wall. Cat. 1099. G. heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 590. Binnendykia tri-
chostylis, Kurz in Nat. Tijdschrift Ned. Lid. ser. 3, iii. 164. Turraea tri-
chostylis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suj^p. i. 502.
Malacca, Maingay ; Penang, Wallich ; Moulmein, Lohb; Tenasserim, Heifer. —
Distrib. Mnlucfas, I'orneo, Java, Sumatra.
A tree, Leac^s 4-tj by 2 in., glabrous or thinly stellate-hairy, base 3-5-nerved, some-
what oblique ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles axillary, solitary, or in short few-flowering
cymes. Buds oblong, club-shaped. Ovary oblong, obscurely 4-lobed. Capsule 4 in.
depressed pyriform, coriaceous, rugose, shining and wrinkled within. Seed ^ in. — In the
absence of perfect flowers on the Indian specimens it is not absolutely certain that they
are specifically identical with those from Sumatra,
3. Zi. moacurroides, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 114; leaves elliptic
acuminate base rounded, outer staminodes 10, capsule tubercled.
Carnatic and Mysore, Beddome ; Courtallum, Wight.
A small Grewioid tree. Branches virgate. Leaves 3-4 by If in., glabrous on both
surfaces, base 3-nerved ; petiole 5-4 i^- Stipules lanceolate, caducous. Flowers in
axillary cymes, half the length of the petioles. Sepals | in., linear-lanceolate, pubescent.
Petals orbicular, half the length of the sepals, densely villous. Ovary 4-lobed ; style
pubescent. Capsule \-% in., obovoid, verrucose, irregularly 2-valved. — The leaves and
flowers of this species are smaller than those of the preceding.
Order XXVIII. TILIACE^. (By Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S.)
Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leavse alternate,, rarely opposite, simple or
lobed. Stijyules free, often caducous. Flowers usually cymose, cymes few-
flowered, or large and many-flowered. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or
unisexual. Sepcds 3-5, free or connate, valvate. Petals as many as the
sepals, rarely absent, imbricate or valvate. Stamens numerous, ,rarely
definite, usually springing from a prolonged or dilated torus, free or some-
380 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.)
times 5-adelplious, filaments filiform ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary free,
2-10-celled ; styles columnar, or divided into as many divisions as there
are cells to the ovary, stigmas usually distinct rarely confluent or sessile.
Ovules attached to the inner angle of the cells of the ovary, if few in
number often pendulous from the apex or ascending from the base, if
more numerous disposed in 2 or more ranks, anatropous ; raphe ventral
or lateral. Fruit fleshy or dry, dehiscent or i«dehiscent, 2-10 or by
abortion 1-celled (cells sometimes divided by false partitions), carpels
separable or always united. Seech 1 or many, ascending, pendulous or
transverse, with no arillus, testa leathery or crustaceous or pilose, albumen
fleshy abundant or scanty rarely wanting ; embryo straight or slightly
curved, cotyledons leafy rarely fleshy, radicle next the hilum.— Distrib.
About 350 species some of which occur in all the great divisions of the
W(jrld except the arctic and antarctic, but most abundantly in the tropics
of either hemisphere. Some of the genera and many of the species are
strictly Indian.
Series A. Kolopetalae. Pf^a^s glabrous or rarely downy, coloured, thin,
unguiculate, entire or nearly so, imbricate or twisted in the bud. Anthei'S
globose or oblong, opening by slits.
Tribe I. Brownlowieae. Sepals combined below into a cup. Anthers
globose, cells ultimately confluent at the top.
* Staminodes 6.
Carpels distinct, 2-valved 1. Brownlowia.
Carpels combined, iudebiscent, winged 2. PentaCe.
Capsule 5- valved 3. PnyR^VNTHE.
** Staminodes 0.
Stamens on a raised torus 4. Chartacalyx.
Stamens on a contracted torus 5. Beurya.
Tribe II. G-rewlese. Sepals distinct. Petals glandular at the base.
Stamens springing from the apex of a raised torus.
* Fruit destitute ofpricMes,
Fruit drupaceous 6. Grewia.
Fruit of 3-5 winged cocci 7. Columbia.
** Fruit prickly.
Fruit large, 3-angular, indehiscent 8. Erinocarpus.
Fruit small, globose, indehiscent, or 3-5-coccous 9. Tkiumfetta.
Tribe III. Tllleee. Sepals distinct. Petals not glandular. Stamens
springing from a contracted torus.
Leaves alternate 10. Corchgrus.
Leaves opposite 11. Plagiopteron.
Series B. Keteropetalee. Petals sepaloid, incised or 0, induplicate
or imbricate, not twisted. Aniliers linear, opening by a terminal pore.
Stamens on a depressed torus. Fruit capsular 12. EcmNOCARPUs.
Stamens on a raised torus. Fruit drupaceous 13. El^ocarpus.
Brorvnlowia.] xxviii. tiliace^e. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 381
1. BROWNZ.OWIA, Roxb.
Trees. Pubescence stellate or scaly. Leaves entire, 3-5-nerved, feather-
veined. Flowers numerous, small, in large terminal or axillary panicles.
Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 3-5-fid. Petals 5, without glands. Stamens
many free, springing from a raised toras. Staminodes 5, within the stamens,
opposite the petals and petaloid. Anthers subglobose. Ovary 6-celled, each
cell 2-ovulate ; styles awl-shaped, slightly coherent ; ovules ascending.
Carjiels ultimately nearly free, 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Albumen ; cotyledons
thick, fleshy. — Disteib. Three species confined to Tropical Asia.
1. B. elata, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. 61, t. 265; leaves ovate acute base
cordate 5-7-nerved undulate down;^ beneath, petiole long. Bot. Peg.
t. 1472 ; Wall. Cat. 11/8. Humea elata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 640.
Chittagong to Tenasserim, ^oa;&Mr^^, Griffith Sac. — Distrib. Borneo.
A lofty tree. Branches spreading. Leaves 4-12 by 3-8 in., glabrous, white be-
neath, sometimes peltate ; petiole 3-4 in. or longer, thickened at the apex. Panicles
terminal, as large as the adjacent leaf, branches pubescent, ultimate pedicels longer
than the flower. Flower-buds clavate-oblong. Slower 4 in., yellow. Calyx funnel-
shaped, lobes ovate shorter than the tube. Petals oblong, spreading, tapering at the
base, longer than the sepals. Filaments slender ; anther-lobes divergent at the base,
confluent at the apex ; stamiuodes linear-lanceolate. 8tyle as long as the petals. Follicle
1\ in., by abortion solitary, obh'quely ovate, woody, covered with fine ash-coloured
pubescence. Seed solitary, rarely 2, albumen 0; embryo erect, cotyledons 2 nearly
equal amygdaloid.
2. B. lanceolata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. y. Suppl. ii. 57 ; leaves
lanceolate-acuminate white and scaly beneath, petiole short, panicle much
shorter than the leaves.
SuNDERBUNDS, Griffith ; Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Parish.
A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in., glabrous; petiole ^va.., thickened at the apex.
Panicles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves, peduncles longer than the
petioles. Flower-buds ovoid. Calyx ^ in. diam., campanulate, lobes lanceolate
equalling the tube. Petals ^ in., oblong base broad. Anthers small, didymous, lobes not
widely divergent, connective thick ; staniinodes petaloid. Ovary 4-lobed, cells 2-ovuled,
style simple, stigma 4-lobed. Young fruit pyriform, truncate.) j
2. PZSNTACE, Hassk.
Trees. Herbaceous portions pubescent or scaly, ultimately glabrous.
Leaves entire, leathery, 3-5-nerved. Flowers numerous, small, in terminal
panicles. Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 3-5-fid. Petals 6, glandless. Stamens
numerous, on a slightly raised torus, sometimes pentadelphous. Staminodes
5, opposite the sepals. Antliers subglobose, pollen globose 3-pored. Ovary
5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; ovule pendulous, raphe next the placenta. Fruit
dry indehiscent 3-5-winged, by abortion 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Seed solitary,
albuminous. — Distkib. Three species, all Malayan.
1. P. burmannica, Kurz in Flora, 1871, 278 ; leaves elliptic ovate
acute 3-5-nerved pubescent beneath, pedicels long, ovary globose 5-lobed,
fruit oblong truncate 5-winged wings longer than broad.
Martaban, Brandis ; Pegu, Kurz.
A tree. Shoots pubescent. Leaves 4 by 2| in., oblong, rounded at the base, acumi-
nate, glabrous, whitish beneath; petiole \ in. Pedicels long, covered with tawny down.
38*2 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pentace.
Calyx J in., pubescent, sepals lanceolate. Petals obovate-oblong, tapering at the base,
slightly exceeding the sepals. Capsule If by IJ in., oblong-truncate, wings stellate-
hairy.
2. P. trlptera, 3fast. ; leaves 1 -nerved, ovary 3-celled, fruit S-winged
wings obtuse rounded as broad as long.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
A tree. Leaves Qhy 3 in., glabrous, white beneath, oblong-acute, rounded at the
base, 1-nerved, feather- veined ; petiole 1 in. Panicle terminal. Sepah ^~\ in., oval-
lanceolate, downy. Petals twice the length of the sepals, oblong-spathulate. Stamens
in 5 parcels, one opposite each petal. Staminodes 5, linear-subulate, much shorter than
the stamens, opposite the sepals. Ovary pubescent, globose. Styles shorter than the
stamens. Capside | by 1 in.
3. PXTVAANTKE, Thwaites.
A tree. Leaves obovate. Panicles terminal. Flowers small, numerous.
Calyx urceolate-campanulate, 3-4-lobed. Petals obovate, tapering at the
base, glandless. Fprtile stamens 15 in groups of 3 before the petals, fila-
ments dilated. Staminodes 5, opposite the sepals. Anther-lohes divergent at
the base. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, cells opposite the sepals, 1-2-ovuled, ovules
f)endulous ; styles conjoined, stigma minute 5-lobed. Fruit pyriform, locu-
icidally 5-valved, 1 -seeded by abortion. Seeds oblong, netted, pubescent. —
DiSTRiB. A single species, native of Ceylon.
1. P. verrucosa, Thwaites Enum. 29 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. 1. 109.
Ceylon ; Balticaloa, Jaffna, Trincomalee, TJiicaites.
Leaves 2-6 by 1-3 in., shining on the upper surface, paler beneath, with stellate
pubescence, crenate, base rounded 3-nerved ; petiole ^-f in. Floicers ^ in. Flower-
buds ovoid, acute. Calyx J in., lobes ovate acute as long as the tube. Petals and
stamens twice the length of the sepals. Capsule |- 1 in.
4. CKAXlTACAXiirX, Maingay herb.
A tree. Leaves alternate, simple, 1-nerved. Panicle terminal, few-
flowered. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, lobes valvate accrescent coloured.
Petals 0. Stamens numerous, free, springing from the top of a short gyno-
phore ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, cells parallel dehiscing at the sides longi-
tudinally. Stamin/xles 0. Ovary stalked, 5-celled ; placentas axile • styles
consolidated stigmas 5 linear recurved ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral,
pendulous from near the apex of the placenta. Fruit not seen. — The fol-
lowing is the only known species.
1. C. accrescens, Mast.; leaves oblong acuminate entire base oblique.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo.
Branches rigid, obliquely ascending. Leaves 2-4 by |-1| in., coriaceous, glabrous
above, rusty tomentose beneath, base rounded or tapering, 1 -nerved, venation arched;
petiole \-\ in. Panicle stellate-hairy, pedicel 1 in., jointed near the base. Calyx
\ in., ultimately 2 in. diam,, papery, pink, veins prominent. Filaments slender, stellate-
hairy, half the length of the calyx. Ovary pilose, ovoid, obscurely 5-lobed. Styles
cylindric, stellate-pilose, longer than the filaments, dividing at irregular heights int»
2-5 stigmatic branches. — The cohesion between the styles is apparently but slight,
hence they separate one from another at varying heights.
Berrya.} xxviii. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 383
5. BSRRVA, Eoxb.
A tree. Leaves alternate, ovate, acuminate, glabrous, base cordate, 5-7-
nerved. Panicles large, many-flowered, terminal and axillary. Calyx cam-
panulate, irregularly 3-5-lobed. Petals 5, spathulate. Stamens many, inserted
on a short torus ; anthers didymous, lobes divergent opening lengthwise.
JStaminodes 0. Omr?/ 3-4-lobed, cells, 4-ovuled; style consolidated, stigma
lobed; ovules horizontal. Fruit loculicidally 3-4-valved, each valve
2-winged. Seeds pilose albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat leafy, radicle
superior next the hilum. — Distrib. The following is the only species.
1. B. ammonilla, Eoxh. HoH. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 639 ; Cor. PI. iii
264; leaves ovate base cordate palmately 5-7-nerved. Wall. Cat. 1068;
W.ikA. Prodr. i. 81 ; Wight III. t. 34 ; Thwaites Enum, 32 ; Beddome Flor.
Sylvat, t. 58.
Malabar, Travancore, Pegu, Martaban, Wallich &c. ; Ceylon.
A large tree. Leaves 4-8 by 2i-3 in. ; petiole 14 in. and upwards. Stipules ensi-
form. Pedicels 1 in., pubescent. Calyx \ in., downy. PeteZs linear-oblong, twice the
length of the calyx. Filaments half the length of the petals. Ovary ovate ; style
short, stigma 3-cleft. Capsule 6-winged, rounded, wings netted, villose. Seeds 1-4 in
each cell.
Var. mollis ; petiole and under surface of leaves pubescent. Berrya mollis. Wall.
Cat. 1186 ; KurzinJourn. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 62. — Attran. — The wood is used for
building, and is sometimes called Trincomalee wood.
6. GBEWZA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs more or less stellate-pubescent. Leaves entire, 1-9-
nerved. P'lowers axillary, few or more numerous and panicled. Sepals
distinct. Petals 5, glandular at the base, sometimes 0. Stamens many on a
raised torus. Staminodes 0. Ovary 2-4-celled, cells opposite the petals,
2-many-ovuled ; style subulate, stigma shortly lobed. Drupe fleshy or
fibrous, entire, or 2-4-lobed ; stones 1-4, 1-2-seeded, with false partitions
between the seeds. Seeds ascending, albumen fleshy or rarely ; cotyledons
flat. — Distrib. A genus of about 60 species, for the most part confined to
the hotter regions of the old world. Some of the Indian species are
endemic, others common to tropical Africa, &c. The synonymy of some
of the species is extremely involved, and the genus requires a complete
re-examination. The structure of the drupes and seeds in particular requires
fuller investigation than is possible in herbarium specimens which are often
incomplete.
Sect. I. Grewia proper. Flowers axillary or terminal. Fruit fleshy
or crustaceous usually lobed.
* Inflorescence usually terminal or extra-axillary.
I. Gr. coluxnnaris, Sm. ; DC. Prodr. i. 510 ; shrubby, leaves scabrous
oblong shortly acuminate glandular-serrate, cymes extra-axillary and termi-
nal, flower-buds conical sulcate, drupes turbinate 4-lobed bristly. Wight Ic.
t. 44 ; W. S A. Prodr. I 76 ; Thwaites Enum. 31 ; Dak. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26.
G. orientalis, Vahl Symb. i. 34, ex W. d; A. I.e. G. pilosa, WaU. Cat. 1112
C, D, E, F, not of Lam. G. bracteata, Miq. PI. Holien. G. obtusa, WaU.
Cat. 1103, partly. G. carpinifolia, Wall. Cat. 1093.
Western Peninsula, Bengal and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, East tropical Africa.
384 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grewia.
A shrub. Branches virgate, stellate-hairy. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1^ in., coriaceous,
glabrescent, base rounded, 3-nerved, secondary nerves arched ; petiole ^-\ in.
Flowers white, in terminal corymbose cymes. Ptdundes twice the length of the
petiole, 3-5-flowered, pedicels supported by small subulate deciduous bracts. Sepals
^ in., linear, yellow, 3nerved. Petals half the length of the calyx, ovate-lanceolate,
entire. Tortis short, villous. Ovary villous. Drupes ^ in. diam., purplish ; stones 4,
2-celled.
2. G. emarg-inata, W.d: A. Prodr. i. 79 ; shrubby, leaves stellate-liairy
above pubescent beneath roundish-obovate cordate gland-toothed, pe-
duncles mostly terminal much longer than the petiole, flower-buds ovate-
oblong not striated, drupes glabrescent, stones 4 1-2-seeded. G. carpinifolia,
Roth Nov. Sp. 245, partly; Wall. Cat. 1093 B, jxirtly. G. orientalis, Wall.
Cat. 1093 B, G. G. involucrata, Wall. Cat. 1093, C.
Western Peninsula ; Mysore, Courtallum, Pulney and Nilghiri Mts., Wight, &c.
Leaves 2-24 ^J ^3-2 in., base 3-nerved, secondary nerves not arched, petioles 4 in.
Stipules subulate. Peduncle 1^ in., 3-6-branched, pedicel 4-| in. Bracts linear-
subulate. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals Hiiear-lanceolate. Petals linear-oblong, emar-
ginate, shorter than the sepals. Torus elongate. iStyle clavate, stigma 4r-lobed.
Drupe the size of a large pea, yellowish, subglobose, turbinate, 4-lobed.
3. G-. opposltifolia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 583 ; a tree, leaves scabrous
above pubescent beneath broadly ovate-lanceolate acuminate, cymes umbel-
late opposite the leaves, drupes 1 -4-lobed, stone 1 -celled 1 -seeded. Wight
Ic. t. 82; Wall. Cat. 1101 ; Miq. FL hid. Bat. I pt. 2, 204.
Common and indigenous, wild in the N.W. Himalaya, from Jamu to Nipal, ascend-
ing to 7000 ft. ; also frequently cultivated.
Bark aah-coloured. Herbaceous portions rotigh with stellate liairs. Leaves 3 by
li in., distichous, crenate-serrate, lower serratures glandular, base rounded, 3-nerved,
secondary nerves scarcely arched, tertiary veins parallel conspicuous ; petiole ^ in.,
pilose. Stiptdes caducous, linear lanceolate, longer than the petioles Peduncles oppo-
site the leaf, sometimes terminal, rarely axillary, much longer than the petioles ; pedicels
shorter than the peduncle, clavate, with small bracteoles at the base. Flower-buds
cjlindric, obovate-oblong, pilose sulcate-striate. Floicers yellowish. Sepals % in.,
linear, 3-nerved. Petah oblong, entire, half the length of the sepals. Turm hairy,
scarcely longer than the glands. Ovary 2-ceIled, cells 2 ovuled, stigma 2-lobed.
Drupe glabrescent, blackish, lobes the size of a small pea. — The leaves are used as
fodder, the bark for cordage, and the wood for various purposes.
4. G-. orientalis, Linn.; DC. Prodr. \. 510; shrubby, often scandent,
leaves glabrescent elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles axillary and ter-
minal twice the length of the petiole, petals lanceolate entire, drupe globose
scarcely lobed. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586 ; Roth New. Sj). 242 ; W. d' A. Prodr.
i. 76; Wall. Cat. 1100 A, B, D, E; Thwaites Enum. 31; Dalz. d; Gibs.
Brmh. Fl. 26. G.' obtusa. Wall. Cat. 1103, />ar^/?/. G. rhamnifolia. Roth
Nov. Sp. 244 ; Wall. Cat. 1100 C. G. ovaHfoiia, WirjM in Wall. Cat. 1103
B, C. G. pilosa, Wall. Cat. U\% partly.
Southern Provinces of the Western Peninsula, TF/^A^/ Ceylon.
Branches virgate, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 4 in., base tapering or
slightly cordate, 3-nerved, arch-veined, veins with appressed simple hairs, margins
serrulate ; petiole 4 in. Cymes umbellate ; pedicels shorter than the flowers, each with
a small subulate bracteole at the base. Flower-huds ovoid, pilose, ribbed. Sepals
nearly 1 in., linear, yellow, pubescent outside. Petals half as long as the sepals, lanceo-
late, entire. Torus hispid, short. Drup)e8 yellow, wrinkled, the size of a small
cherry, pilose ; stones 4, 2-3-celled. — ITie Ceylon specimens are referred with doubt to
this species, as I have not seen the fruit.
Grewia.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 385
5. G-. umbellata, Moxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ; shrubby,
scandent, leaves glabrescent above thinly stellate-hairy beneath elliptic
acaminate, cymes umbellate terminal and axillary, drupe 1-celied 1-seeded.
Wight Ic. t. 83 ; Wall. Cat. 1084. G. pedicellata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 585 ;
Wall Cat. 1084 B.
Western Peninsula, Concan and Coromandel ; Eastern Peninsula, Malacca,
Penang, and Sincapur, Maingaii, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Philippines, Sumatra.
Branches virgate, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 5 by 2 in., base rounded, 3-nerved,
veins not prominent, not arched; petiole ^-:|: in. Peduncle longer than the petiole,
pedicels divergent. Flower-buds narrow, oblong, pilose, striated. Sepals ^ in. Petals
narrow, entire, shorter than the sepals, springing from the back of a thickened claw.
Torus prolon<:ed, terete, pilose. Drupe the size of a cherry, stellate -hairy, obscurely
lobed, purplish.
6. G-. heterotricha, Mast. ; arborescent, leaves scabrous elliptic
acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles opposite the leaves and terminal twice
the length of the petiole, buds obovoid, torus elongate sulcata.
Western Peninsula, in Kurg, G. Thomson.
A shrub or small tree ? Young shoots stellate-hairy, ferruginous. Leaves 4 by 2 in.,
stellate-hairy; petiole 4 in., densely pilose, hairs simple, stipules subulate, equal to
the petiole, with simple hairs. Peduncles 3-flowered, stellate-hairy, pedicels shorter
than the flower. Bracts subulate. Flowers 1 in, diam. Sepals linear-oblong, 3-nerved.
Petals lanceolate, half the length of the sepals. Toru^ and ovary clothed with simple
hairs. Anthers glabrous. Stigma clavate, 5-lobed. — The only specimens known to me
were gathered by collectors employed by G. Thomson, Esq., of Madras, about the
year 1845.
7. G. populifolia, Vald ; DC. Prodr. i. 511 ; shrubby, leaves 'glabrous
unequally crenate-serrate, base roundish or cuneate, peduncle solitary or
twin opposite the leaves, drupe 1-4-lobed, stones 1-4 1-2-celled ; W. (t A.
Prodr. i. 80 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 843 ; Wall. Cat. 1088 BlCi G. betulasfolia,
Jim. in Ann. Mm. iv. 92, t. 2, £ 1; Eotk Nov. Sp. 249. G. rigida.
Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1088 D.
Sjndh, StocJiS, Dalzell, &c. ; Panjab, Aitcheson, &c. ; Western Peninsula,
Concan, Nilghiris, &c. — Distrib. Affghanistan, Arabia, Tropical Africa, Mauritius.
A much and intricately branched shrub; herbaceous portions more or less stellate-
hairy, ultimately glabrescent. Leaves ^-IJ by 1^ in., coriaceous, multiform, often
cuneate-obovate, base 3-5-nerved ; secondary nerves obscure, not arched ; petiole ^ in.
Peduncles longer than the petiole. Sepals 4-| in., linear-oblong. Petals white,
notched, shorter than the sepals. Torus short. Ovary hoary, ultimately glabrescent.
Drupes yellowish, generally 2-lobed, lobes the size of a small pea, orange-red. — The
acid i'ruit is eaten under the name of "(jingo."
** Inflorescence axillary very rarely extra-axillary.
t Leaves hoary, at least beneath.
8. Cr. ezcelsa, Vahl ; DC. Prodr. i. 509; shrubby, leaves glabrous
above hoary beneath ovate-oblong or lanceolate acuminate serrulate,
peduncles 2-3 axillary much longer than the petiole, petals entire, drupe
globose pubescent. Wall. Cat. 6307 A ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 586. G. Eothii,
DC. Prodr. i. 509 ; W. d: A. Prodr. i. 78. G. bicolor, Rotk Nov. Sp. 240,
not o/Jiiss. G. salvifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 587 ; Wall. Cat. 1091.
Eastern Bengal, Assam, Sikkim, and Chittagonq; Bundelkund, Edgeworth ;
Coromandel, Roxburgh. — Distrib Tropical Africa.
Leaves 4-5 by 1^ in., finely serrulate, base rounded, 5-nerved, nerves arched trans-
verse ones prominent, tip obtuse or acute ; petiole ^-\ in. Stipules linear-Hgulate,
VOL. I. C C
386 xxviii. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grenna.
longer than the petiole. Flowers \-l in. diam. Sepals linear. Petals oblong, half the
length of the sepals. Drvpe the size of a pea ; nuts 2-celled. — Possibly not specifically
distinct from G. salvifolia, Heyne. The fruit is agreeable.
9. G. salvifolia, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sj\ 239 ; leaves glabrescent hoary
beneath entire or minutely serrate, peduncles 1-3 axillary clustered k»nger
than the petiole, petals 2-fid, drupe 1-4-lobed. W. <k A. Frodr. i. 77.
G. bicolor, Juss. in Ann. Mm. iv. 90, t. 50, f. 2 ; Boiss. Fl. Oi-ient. i. 844.
G. araria, Wall. Cat. 6308?
North West provinces from the JnELUNf to Nipal, Hamilton, &c. ; Western Penin-
sula, Heyne, &c. — Djstrib. Tropical Africa.
A shrub or small tree ; bark grey, herbaceous portions covered with soft hoary pubes-
cence. Leaves 2^ by 1^ in., base 3 nerved, transverse nerve.s indistinct; petiole \ in.
Stipules ^ in., subulate. Feuuncles 2 in., pedicels | in. Buds ovate-oblong, striated.
Sepals \ in., linear, 3-nerved. Petals ^ in., obovate, 2-fid, limb yellow from the back
of the thickened claw. Ovary pubescent ; style as long as the stamens. — Wight and
Am< tt describe the petals as entire, probably from confounding the present species
with G. liothii.
10. Cr. orbiculata, Hottl in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. 1803, 205;
shrubby, leaves cordate roundish elliptic or oblong pubescent on both
surfaces hoary beneath minutely toothed, peduncles tufted longer than the
petiole, flower-bufls subglobose or oblong, drupes slightly 2-lobed, stones
1-2 2-celled. Roth Nov. Sp. 246 ; WuU. Cat. 1085 and p. 237, 1085 C.
G. rotund if olia, J ass. in Ann. Mas. iv. 92, t. 50, f. 3 ; Wi(/ht Ic. t. 45 ; W.
d' A. Frodr. i. 80 ; Wall. Cat. 1085. G. orbicularis, G. Don Gen. Syst.
i. 550. G. variabilis. Wall. Cat. 1087.
Western Peninsula ; Concan, Malabar, &c.
A shrub; branches virgate. Leaves 1-2^ by ^-1^ in., subsessile, base often oblique,
5-nerved, nerves arched. Cymes umbellate ; peduncles pihse, 3- flowered ; pedicels
phorter than the peduncles, divaricate. Bracteolts minute, pinnatifid. Buds ov(.id
oblong striated. Flowers yellow, \ in. diam. Svpoh liii<ar. Petals notched, half the
length of the sepals. Tbrtw glabrescent, very short. Ct;a?-r/ vi lions. />rt/^e greyish,
pil(»8e. — '1 he G. oriicultta, of Wall. Cat. 1U85 1), may prove a distinct species. It
nas smaller flowers and very small glands to the petals.
11. G. tllleefolia, Vahl Symh. i. 35 ; a tree, leaves hoary beneath oblique
cordate, stipules leafy falcate acuminate, auricled, tiower-buds oval-oblong,
drupe 1-4-lohed small subglobose, stimes 3-6-celled. W. d' A. Frodr. i. 8();
Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 587 ; Wall. Cat. 1094 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26; Bed-
d^nne Fl. Sylvat. t. 108; Thwaites Enum. 32. G. arborea, Roth Sp. Nov. 247.
G. variabilis. Wall. Cat 1087, partly. G. subinaequalis. Wall. Cat. 1087 E.
Hot dry foretts throughout Western India, ascending to 4000 ft. in the Himalaya.
Western Peninsula; Birma, Ceylon. — Disirib. East Tro])ical Africa.
A moderate tree, branches purj)lish. Jjeaius 4 by 2 in., dentate, base 3-5-nerved,
feather veined ; petiole \-i in., pubescent, tbickenid at the top. Peduncles 3-10,
axillary, tufted, as L^ng as, or longer than, the petiole Pedicels 3, divergent, shorter
than the peduncle. Sepals ^h, in., oblong. Petals oblong, emarginate, half the hn.th
of the sepals. Torus slender, glabrftus. Drupe blackish, the size of a small pea —
Fruit eaten by the natives. The stipules form the best distinguishing mark of this
species.
12. Cr. asiatlca, L. ; W. & A. Frodr. i. 79; arborescent, leaves roundish
coarsely and irregularly toothed subacuminate obli([ue, stipules subulate
ensiform, buds club-shaped, drupes subturbinate with 1 or 2 1-celled nuts.
Ro:cb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586 ; Wall. Cat. 1089 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i, 844 ; Dalz. d
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26. G. subinaequalis, DC. Frodr. i. 511 ; Wall. Cat.
1087 C.
Grewia.] xxviii. .tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 387
Generally cultivated in India, except in the Gangetic plains and E. Bengal ; said to
be indigenous in the Salt Range, Poonah, and Oudh. Ceylon.
A small tree, herbaceous portions covered with soft yellowish pubescence. Leaves
2--7 in., obliquely cordate, base 5-nerved, smaller nerves not arched, prominent beneath,
transverse ones parallel ; petiole 4 in , thickened at the top. Stipules nearly as long
as the petiole. Peduncles 2 or more, usually shorter, sometimes longer, than the
petioles, dividing into 2 or more divergent pedicels. Bracts linear. Flowers f in. diam.
/Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Petals yellow, linear-oblong, half the length of the sepals.
Drupe globose, 1-2-lobed, pilose, about the size of a pea. — A very variable plant, the
following form is usually held to be distinct : —
Var. vestita, Wall. Cat. 1105 (sp.); leaves obovate acuminate obscurely 3-lobed
minutely serrate, cymes densely crowded, buds ovoid not striated. G. asiatica, Wall.
Cat. 1089, partly. G. elastica, Boyle 111. t. 22. G. obtecta, Wall. Cat. 1114.— Tropi-
cal Hinialaya, from Garwhal to Sikkim, Pegu.
13. Cr. sapida, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 590 ; shrubby, leaves subsessile ovate
or orbicular doubiy-serrate pilose above pubescent beneath, sti])ules linear,
peduncles 2-5-flowered, drupes subglobose slightly 4-lobed, stone 2-seeded.
Wall. Cat. 1115. G. nana, Wall Cat. 1102. G. suffruticosa, Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 1102 B, G. G. pumila, Ham. in Don Prodr. 227.
Teopical Himalaya, from Garwhal to Bhotan, and Assam.
A decumbent shrub ; stock woody, subterranean, sending up annually a number of
herbaceous pubescent shoots, 12-14 in. Leaves If in. by 3 in., base 5-nerved, secon-
dary nerves not arched ; petiole 4 in. Stipules linear-subulate, as long as the petiole.
Peduncles 2-3, 1 in, ; pedicels divaricate, shorter than the petiole. Flower-buds ob-
long. Flowers yellow, ^ in. diam. Sepals oblong. Petals yellow, entire, half the
length of the sepals. Torus glabrescent. Drupes the size of a pea, obscurely lobed. —
The shoots are usually burnt by the jungle fires after flowering. Roxburgh describes
the petals as 2-toothed, the stone as 1-3-seeded, and the leaves as scabrid.
ft Leaves not hoary beneath.
Drupe globose, rind crusiaceous.
14. G. scabrophylla, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 584 ; shrubby, leaves scabrous
above pubescent beneath roundish ovate irregularly serrate, peduncles
1-4 axillary equalling the petiole 2-3-flowered, drupe globose tomentose
with a crustaceous rind. G. sclerophylla. Wall. Cat. ID95 ; Wight Ic. t.
89. G. Carrea, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1095 B. G. sulcata, Wall. Cat. 1096.
G. pilosa, Wall. Cat. 1112, partly. G. obliqua, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 590? not
of Juss.
Tropical Himalaya; Garwhal, Falconer; Sikkim, alt. 2-300 ft., Hk.f.; Assam,
Chittagong, and Ava, Wallich, &c.
A small shrub, herbaceims portions pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 4 in., often
slightly lobed, base 3-o-nerved, secondary nerves not arched, prominent beneath ;
petiole 4 in. Stipules subulate. Cymes umbellate, pedicels diverging, longer than the
peduncles. Bracteoles linear-sabulate, deciduous. Flower buds ovate-oblong, ribbed.
Flowers f in. Sepals linear-lanceolate pubescent. Petals obovate, white, notched,
half the length of the sepals or less. Torus short, hispid. Ovary hairy, 2-celled, cells
4-6-ovuled. Drupe the size of a large cherry, stellate-hairy ; stones 4, 1-celled,
1- seeded.
15. C, carpinifolia, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 91, t. 51, f. 1; arborescent,
leaves 3-nerved oval acute thinly stellate-hairy crenate-serrate, peduncles
exceeding the short petiole, flower-buds elliptic dilated at the base,
anthers smooth, drupe globose glabrescent. G. pilosa. Wall. Cat. 1112,
partly.
Western Peninsula, Pondicherry. — Distkib. Tropical Africa.
CC2
388 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Greivia.
A small tree. Leaves 3 by 1^ in., glabrescent above, thinly stellate-haiiy along the
nerves beneath ; petiole \ in. Peduncles 3-flowered, pedicels short. Flower-buds
pilose. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Petals oblong, half the length of the sepals.
16. G. pilosa, Lam. Diet iii. 43, excl. syn. ; shrubby, leaves subsessile
scabrous cuiieate-obovate or lanceolate, peduncles 1-3 as long as the petiole,
drupe hairy 1-4-lobed. W. d: A. Prodr, i. 78 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26.
G. carpinifolia,^«o:?;6. Fl. hid. ii. 587; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1113 C, ]xirtly, not
of Juss. ; Moth Nw. Sp. 245, partly. G. involucrata, Wig}\t in Wall. Cat.
1093 C. G. commutata, DC. Prodr. \. 611. G. flavescens, Juss. in Ann. Mvs.
iv. 91 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1113 D. G. bipartita. Wall. Cat.j). 237, 1113 B.
G. scabrida. Wall. Cat. 1113. G. orientalis, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. t. 106?
Central and Soutiiehn India ; from Guzebat to Beuar, and southwards to
Maisor. — DiSTRiB. Tropical Africa.
A small tree or shrub, herbaceous portions rough with stellate hairs. Leaves 2-4
by 1-1 4 in., scarcely acuminate, uneoually serrate, softer beneath, base rounded or
siibcordate, 3-nerved, secondaries archea ; petiole very short, pilose. Stipules subulate,
acuminate. Peduncles axillary, \ in. ; pelicels as long as the peduncle. Flower-huds
oblong, dilated at the base, constricted in the middle. Sepals linear. Petals linear,
2-ti(l, one-third shorter than the sepals. Torus glabrous, scarcely exceeding the glai'ds.
Anthers ami style stellate-hairy. Stigma 4-parted. Ovules numerous. Drupe reddish-
brown, the size of a large pea, mesocarp fibrous ; stones 1-4, 1-3-celled, pitted. — Very
great confusion exists in books and herbaria as to the synonymy of this and some nearly
allied species.
Several distinct species are called G. jyilosa in Wallich's herbarium, and the labels
have in all probability been slyfted ; moreover, it sometimes happens that two or three
difterent plants are included under the same letter,
17. G, villosa, Willd. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. 1P03, 205 ; shrubby,
leaves rugose above villous beneath suborbicular obliquely cordate serrate,
serratures ciliate, peduncles very short, drupe 4-stoned rind crustaceou.'*.
J)C. Prodr. i. 512 ; W. d- A. Prodr. i. 79 ; Wall. Cat. 6i06; Dalz. d- Gibs.
Fl. Bmnb. 25. G. corylifolia, Giiill. dc Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 95, t. 20. G. or-
biculata, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 551, not of Bottler.
Western and Southern India, from Sindh and the Pakjab to Travancor. —
DisTRiB. Cape de Verde Islands, Tropical Africa.
Herbaceous portions covered with long soft hairs. Leaves 1-3 in., apex acuminate or
rounded, base 5-uerved, nerves prominent villous, secondary nerves not arched; petiole
4-1 in. iSVijj«/eif broad, leafy. Flotrcrs nearly sessile, in close tufr*^, sonit times oppo-
site the leaves. Bra'ts oblong. Sepals oblong, acute, villous. Petals dull yellow,
oblong, notched, much shorter than the sepals. Drupe globose, coppery, pilose, the
si/e of a cherry ; stones 4, l-2-8eeded.
00 Drupes fleshy didymous.
18. Gr, multiflora, J?/.s.s. in Ann. Mus. iv. 89, t. 47, f. 1 ; shrub or tree,
leaves shortly ) ctioled lanceolate glandular-serrate peduncles much exceed-
ing the petiole 3-tlo\vered, fiower-buds obhmg-clavate, petals entire, drupes
2-lobed. Miq. Fl. Lid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 200. G. sepiaria, Ro^ib. Hort. Beng. 42 ;
Fl. hid. ii. 589; Wall. Cat. 1104, partly. G. serrulata, DC. Prodr. i. 510.
G. coriacea, Garcke in PI. Hohenack. exskc. 1132.
Eastern Bengal, Assam, the Sikkim Himalaya, and Khasia Mts., ascending to
4000 ft. ; Western Peninsula, Nilgiiiri Mts. ; Singapore. — Distrib. Malay Archi-
pelago, East Tropical Africa.
Branches slender, sparingly hairy. Leaves distichous, variable in shape and size,
glabrescent, apex sometimes acuminate, base 3-nerved ; petiole very short, pilose.
Stipules linear-subulate, as long as the petiole. Peduncles half the length of the
Grewia.] xxviii. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 389
leaves, pilose ; pedicels dilated upwards.^ Sepals ^ in., linear-oblong. Petals half the
length of the sepals, entire. Drupe the size of a small pea, purplish, glabrescent; stones
1-seeded. — Doubtful if distinct from G. Icevigata ; used as a hedge plant.
19. G-. IflBvig-ata, Vahl Symb. i. 34; arborescent, leaves shortly
petioled glabrescent tapering to both ends acuminate serrate, peduncles
much exceeding the petiole, fiower-buds oblong obtuse, drupe 2-lobed.
W. & A. Prodr. i. 77; Wall. Cat. 1086 H • Mia. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 199.
G. ovalifolia, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 90. G. didyma, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ;
Wall. Cat. 1086, partly. G. disperma, Rottl. in Spreng. Syst. ii. 579. G. mol-
lococca, Ham. in Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1086 F. G. Lalpeta, i^am. in Wall. Cat.
p. 237, 1086 G.
Eastern and Southern India, from Nipal, Sikkim, and the Khasia Mts., through
both Peninsulas, Ava, and Martaban. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Malay Islands,
Australia.
Herbaceous portions thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 3^-44 by 1|-1| in., 3-nerved,
nerves pilose beneath, secondaries arched ; petiole ~ in. Stipules linear-subulate. Buds
ovoid-oblong, striated, as long as the petiole. Peduncles 2 or 3 together, 2-3-flowered.
Bracts Hnear-subulate. Sepals 4-| in., 3-nerved. Petals oblong-lanceolate, entire,
yellow, half the length of the sepals. Torus glabrous, short. Style longer than the
stamens. Drupe smooth, 1-4-lobed, the size of a small pea, black when ripe ; stones
1 -celled. — Closely allied to G. multijlora, but has larger flowers.
000 Drupes fleshy l-4-lobed.
20. G-. Ritchiei, Mast. ; arboreous, leaves glabrescent ovate-lanceolate
glandular-serrate 3-nerved, peduncles cymose axillary and terminal, buds
oblong subclavate, torus as long as the entire petals sulcate, drupe deeply
4-lobed.
CoNCAN, Stocks; Western Ghauts, Ritchie.
Young branches stellate-hairy. Leaves 3 by 1^ in., coriaceous, glabrous above,
thinly stellate-hairy beneath, base rounded, smaller nerves arching, petiole pilose, ^\y-^
in. Peduncles half as long as the leaves, pedicels pilose. Sepals linear-oblong. Petals
white, narrow-pointed, shorter than the sepals. Style exceeding the stamens. Drupe
purplish, I in. diam. ; stones 1-seeded. — Allied to G. columnaris, but differs in the ob-
Icng buds, very long torus, and deeply lobed fruit.
21. G-. bracteata, Rotli Nov. Sp. 243; shrubby, leaves glabrescent
scabrous beneath oval-lanceolate, peduncles equalling the short petioles,
drupe 4-lobed, stones 2-3-celled. W. c& A. Prodr. i. 76. G. obtusa, Wall.
Cat. 1103, partly.
Western Peninsula, in the Carnatic, Heyne; Ceylon.
Leaves 3-4 by 1^-1 1 in., somewhat oblique, serrate, base rounded, 3-nerved, secondaries
arched, with straight hairs along the nerves beneath ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles solitary
or twin, axillary, 3-flowered. Bracts broad, pilose, as long as the peduncle. Buds
conical or ovoid, pilose, sulcate. Sepals linear, covered with golden down. PetaU
much shorter than the sepals, oblong, entire, recurved. Torus prolonged beyond the
glands. Drupe shrivelled when dry, the size of a cherry, covered with yellow hairs. —
Some specimens, labelled as from Assam, but probably from the Calcutta Bot. Gardens,
are slightly more scabrous.
22. G". scabrida, Wall. Cat. 1113, partly ; shrubby, leaves pilose or
glabrescent elliptic acute dentate, peduncles axillary cymose, much longer
than the petiole, flower-buds cylindric-oblong ribbed, torus longer than tlie
glands, drupe 4-lobed. Kurz inJoum. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 63. G. pilosa,
yVall. Cat. 1112, partly. G. ferruginea, HocJist. in A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. \.
87 1 G. odorata, Blumeex Walp. Rep. i. 361. G. acuminata. Joss, in Ann.
Mus. iv. 91, t. 48.
390 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grervia.
Eastern Peninsula, from Tenasserim, Heifer, to Malacca. — Distrib. Malay Archi-
pelago, West Tropical Airica, Abyssinia.
A climbing shrub ? J!5rancAe« rusty stellate-hairy. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in., base
rounded, 3-nerved, transverse nerves prominent ; petiole 4 i"-, rusty tomentose. Stipules
subulate-lanceolate. Peduncle 3-4 times Ioniser than the petiole, floccose-tomentose.
Sepah f in. and upwards, pilose. Petals oblonsr, entire or erose, less than half the
length of the sepals, blade from the back of a thick glandular claw. Turns villous,
angular, sulcate. Drupe glabrescent, the size of a cherry, purplish, mesocarp fibrous;
stones 1 -seeded. — Variable in size of parts, and in quality of pubescence.
23. G-. abutillfolla, Jtiss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 92 ; arboreous, leaves scabrous
roundish base cordate or rounded irregularly toothed or lobed, peduncles
clustered axillary half the length of the petiole, ])etals entire, drupe
1-4-lobed pubescent. W. d' A. Prodr. i. 79 ; Wall. Cat. 1092 ; Dalz. d' Gihs.
Bomb. Fl. 2f). G. aspera, Eoxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ; Wall. Cat.
1092 B, C, D. E. G. macrophylla, G. Dmi Gen. Syst. \. 549. G. asiatica,
Wall. Cat. 1089, paribjj not of others.
We-stekn Peninsula, from the Circa rs and Kurg to Malabar. — Distrib. Java.
A small tree, herbaceous portions scabrid, stellate-hairy. Leaves 3-4 by 24-3 in.,
thinly stellate-hairy on both surfaces, base 3-nerved, smaller nerves parallel, straiirht ;
j)etiole 4 in. Cymes contt acted, pedimcles 3-4-flowered. Buda oblong, pilose. Flower
'i in. diam. Sepals ^ in., oblong. Petals much shorter than the sepals, oblong, entire.
(hmry hispid ; style as long as the stamens. Drupes yellow, subglobose or turbinate,
obscurely 4-lobed, the size of a large pea; stones 4 or fewer, 1-2-celled.
24. G. diplocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 31 ; shrubby, leaves oblong-
lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles 3-flowered as long as the
petiole, dnipe 4-lobed pilose.
Ceylon ; Matturatte and Oova, alt. 3000 ft., TJmaites.
Herbaceous portions clotherl with simi^le appresscd rigid hairs. Branches purplish.
Leaves 3-4 by Ij-lJ i"., tapfring at the base, glabrescent or sparingly pilose along
the nerves, secondary nerves not arched; petiole ^-i in., hairy. Stipules subulate,
lanceolate. Peduncles axillary, pedicels shorter than the peduncle. Bracts subulate,
as long as the pedicels. Buds cylindric-oblong. Sepals linear. Petnlx lanceolate,
acute, half the length of the sepals, limb scarcely longer than the claw. Stigma
4-lobed.
25. G. miorostemxna, Wall. Cat. 1109; shrubby, leaves scabrous
broadly lanceolate acuuiinate coarsely and unequally serrate, cymes tufted,
buds oblong striated, drupe subglobose 1-4-lobed. JCurz in Joani. As. Soc.
Beng. 1873, ii. 63.
Pegu and Bikma on the Irrawaddy, and at Prome, Wallich, Griffith, &c.
Young shoots scabrous; branches terete, stellate hairy Leaves 5-7 by 2J in., bafee
rounded, 3-nerved, secondary nerves not arched ; petiole \ in., hairy. Stijrules subulate-
acuminate, as long as the petiole. Cymes axillary, many-flowered ; peduncles very short.
Buds oblong, striated. Sipals ^ inch, linear, l-nerved. Petals linear, subentire, thorter
than the sepals. Torus glabrous, scarcely exceeding the claw of the petals. Dru])e
the size of a large pea, purplish, glabrescent.
26. Cr. humilis, Wall. Cat. 1110; shrubby, leaves downy ovate or
roundish acute, i)etiole and peduncle very short, drupe turbinate obscurely
lobed. G. pilosa,Jra/Z. Ca<. p. 237, 1112 G. G. retusifolia, Kurz in Joum.
As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 294.
AvA, on the Irrawaddy, WaUich ; Birma, Kurz.
Branches downy. Leaves li-2 by 1-2 in., 3-5-nerved, feather-veined, secondary
nerves transverse parallel ; petiole very short. Stipules linear. Peduncle axillary,
hairy, shghtly longer than the petiole, dividing above into 2 or 3 short diverging pedi-
Gremia.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 391
ce!3. Ripe fruit wrinkled, glabrescenf:, on a very short hispid torus. — Near G. Jdrsuta,
but differing in the broader leaves and smaller fruit.
27. G-, hirsuta, Vahl Symb. i. 34 ; shrubby, leaves glabrescent or pilose
above densely tomentose beneath lanceolate acuminate, peduncles 1-3. drupe
subglobose 4-lobed. W.& A. Prodr. i. 78 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. il 587 ; Wight Ic.
t. 76 ; Tkwaiies Enum. 31 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1091 B. G. pilosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
ii. 588, not Lam. G. salvifolia, Wall. Cat. 1091, not of Roth. G. helicteri-
folia, Wall. Cat. 1090 C ; Tliwaites Enum. 31. G. Roxburghii, G. Don
Gen. Syst. i. 548, excl. syn. G. saxatilis. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1091 E. G. Sul-
coria, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1090 D. G. longifolia. Ham. inWall. Cat. 1090 E.
Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula; Ceylon.
Branches stellate-hairy. Leaves distichous, 2^-3 by \\-\\ in., base 3-nerved, oblique,
rounded, iiTegularly serrate, wrinkled ; petiole 4 !"•> ^»airy, thickened at the top.
jStipules linear, as long as the petiole. Peduncles 1--3, axillary, 2-4-flowered, pedicels
very short. Flower-buds oblong, obtuse, pilose. Flower ^ in. diam., white, subse-
quently yellow. Sepals lanceolate. Petals oblong, entire, half as long as the sepals.
JJrupe glabrescent, the size of a small cherry ; stones 4, 2-celled. — Roxburgh's deeei iption
of the stones of this plant being 1-celled is probably erroneous, as shown by Wight and
Arnott. --'I
28. G-. polyg'ama, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 588; shrubby,; ...
leaves almost sessile narrow velvety beneath, flowers polygamous, drupe A^
4-lobed. W.&A. Prodr. i, 78 under G hirsuta; Wall. Cat. p. ii37, 1090 B ; ^
Dah. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26. G. helicterifolia. Wall. Cat. 1090, partly ;
Tliwaites Enum. 31. G. viminea. Wall. Cat. 1111?. G. lanceolata, //er6.
Heyne. G. lancifolia, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 21. G. hirsuta, Wall. Cat.
p. 237, 1090 0. G. angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 1106?. G. biloba, Wall. Cat.
1107 ?. ? G. lancesefolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586.
North Western India and along the Himalaya, from the Salt Eange to Nipal,
ascending to 4000 ft. ; Concan, Pegu, Ceylon. — Distrib, North Australia.
Herbaceous portions pubescent or thinly pilose ; branches spreading. Leaves dis-
tichous, 3-4 by 4-4 in., lanceolate, very acute, serrate, base 3-nerved, nerves not
arched, secondary nerves transverse, parallel. Stipules subulate. Peduncles 1-5,
axillary, about half the length of the leaf; pedicels 2-3, divergent, shorter than the
peduncle. Male fl. Sepals |^-| in. diam., linear, longer than the oblong entire petals.
Stamens numerous. Hermaphrodite fl. Ovary very hairy, shortly stipitate. JJrupe
4 iu. diam., hairy, brownish; stones 4, 1-seeded.
Sect. II. Oznpliacarpus. Inflorescence terminal, or terminal and
axillary. Flowers involucrate. Brwpe with a corky or fibrous rind.
29. G. fibrocarpa, Mast. ; arborescent, young shoots densely covered
with brown hairs, leaves scabrous above pilose beneath, stipules laciniate,
inflorescence terminal, drupe 1-celled globose tomentose outside fibrous
within.
Malacca, Maingay, Griffith.
A tree; herbaceous portions tomentose. Leaves 5-7 by lf-2j in., somewhat oblique,
minutely serrulate, base 3-5-nerved, nerves prominent, secondary distant ; petiole ^ in.,
densely hairy. Stipules nearly as long as the petiole, ovate, laciniate, concave. Flowers
numerous, in terminal cymes ; pednncles longer than the petiole ; pedicels divergent.
Bracts oblong, entire, ^-| in. Sepals linear-oblong, very pilose, |^ in. Petals linear-
oblong, half the length of the sepals. Torus as long as the glands of the petals. Drupe
1 by ^ in., stone 1-seeded.
30. Ct, g-lobullfera, Mast. ; shrubby, herbaceous portions floccose
tomentose, leaves glabrescent oblong acuminate entire, base rounded
3-nerved, liower-heads globose, drupe 1-celled, stone cartilaginous.
392 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grenna.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Leaves 8 by 3 in., glabresceut or thinly stellate-hairy, nerves prominent beneath, secon-
dary nerves distant ; petiole 1 in., thickened at the end, tomentose. iStipules caducous.
Ivfiorescence terminal, floccose-tomentose ; cymes half the length of the leaves, ultimate
pedicels with 3 ovate entire bracts supporting as many flowers. Buds oblong. Sepals
linear-oblong, ^ in., tomentose. Petals notched, dilated at the base, shorter than the
sepals. Torus not much longer than the petaline glands. Zhupe 1 in., furfuraceo-
tomentose, crustaceous, fibrous in the middle ; stone 1-celled, l-seeded.
31. G. calophylla, JCurz in Amiaman Report^ App. B, iii. ; shrubby,
leaves glabrous ovate-lanceolate acuminate, base rounded, drupe 2-celled.
Andaman isles, Kurz ; Malacca? Maingay.
Leaves 6-7 by 3 in., coriaceous, entire, 3-nerved, secondary nerves distant ; petiole
^-\ in. Ivfiorescence terminal, pedicels articulate. Flower-biuis cylindric, noary,
striated. Sepals linear-oblong. Petals shorter than the sepals. Drupe '4 by ^ i"-,
obovate, tapering at the base into a stalk, coriaceous and glabrous externally, filjrous
within ; stones 2, 1-celled. — Kurz suggests {Flora 1872, 397) that Inodaphnis lanceo-
lata, Miq. Fior. Ind. Bat. Supp. i. 357, from Sumatra is this plant.
32. G-. latlfolla, Jfasf. ; a tree, leaves glabrescent above stellate-hairy
beneath oblong acuminate inequilateral entire tapering at the base sub-
3-nerved, inflorescence terminal f ulvo-tomentose, drupe 1-celled.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves 7-8 by 3^ in. ; petiole \ in., pilose. Inflorescence cymose, peduncles half
the length of the leaves, pedicels divaricate. Drvpe ovoid, 1 by | in., glabroun, rind
yellow, crustaceous, middle coat fibrous; stone 1-celled, 1- or more-seeded. — I have
not seen flowers of this species, which, however, appears quite distinct.
33. Ge. laurifolla, Hook. ms. ; shrubby, leaves glabrous oblong sub-
acuminate mucronate entire, inflorescence pubescent terminal and axillary.
Malacca and Penano, Maingay, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Borneo.
A shrub or tree? i?ra7?c/i&» terete, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1^ in., shining, base
3-nerved, secondary nerves very distant ; petiole 1 in. Cr//?ie shorter than the leaves.
Involucre of 3 ovate dentate bracts. Sepals 5, pubescent. Petals 5, or fewer by
abortion, sometimes absent. Drupe 4 in., globose, yellow, 1-lobed by abortion, tapering
below into a stalk of nearly equal length to itself, fibrous within ; stone 3-celled. Seed
1 by abortion. — Fruit agreeable subacid {Maingay).
Sect. III. BZicrocos. Ivjlyrescence terminal, in panicled cymes. Flowers
involucrate. Drui)e entire, fleshy (unknown in G. sinuaia).
34. G. slnuata, WaU. Cat. 1108; shrubby, branches spreading glabres-
cent, leaves ovate obtuse sinuate, stipules entire as long as the very short
petiole.
Maktaban and Tenasserim, Wallich, Griffith, &c.
Brunches slender, rigid, widely spreading, thinly stellate-hairy when young. Leaves
2 by 1 in., glabrous, coriaceous, base rounded, scarcely 3-nerved, secondary nerves
straight, apex obtusely acuminate ; petiole ^-^ in. Stipules subulate, as long as the
petiole. Cymes at the ends of the branches. Buds obovoid, longer than the pedicels,
hoary. Sepals oblong. Petals oblong, entire, half the length of the sepals. Torus
as long as the glands. Fruit not seen.
35. G. Mlcrocos, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 510; shrubby, leaves glabrescent
ovate or obovate-lanceolate serrulate acuminate, stipules subulate-lanceolate.
W. <k A. Prodr. i. 81 ; Wall. Cat. 1098 ; Wujht III. t. 33 ; Thwaites Fnurn.
32 : Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 202 ; Dalz. l^ GUjs. Bomb. Fl. 26. G. ulmi-
folia, Eoxb. Uort. Beng, 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 691 ; Wall. Cat 1098, 1, 2,3, and
Grewia.] xxviii. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 393
p. 237, 1098 H ; Wight Ic. t. 84. G. affinis, Lindl. in Trans. HorU Soc. vi. 265.
G. begonifolia, Wall. Cat. 237, 1098 D. G. glabra, Jack. Mai. Misc. i. p. 14,
ex Hook Bot. Misc. i. 282. Microcos paniculata, L.ex W. dh A. Frodr. i. 81 ;
Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1098 E, F. M. mala, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 549.
M. Stauntoniana, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 551. — Rheede Hort. Mai. i t. 56.
Eastern Bengal ; Khasia Mts., ascending to 4000 ft.; Chittagong, Birma, and
Martaban ; Western Peninsula, Mysore, &c. ; Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, China.
Leaves distichous, 5-6 by 1^ in., subcoriaceous, glabrous, or more or less stellate-hairy
beneath, base 3-nerved ; petiole ^-^ in. Stipvles entire, half the length of the leaves.
Cymes terminal, peduncles pubescent, pedicels hispid divergent. Bracts subulate.
Flowers 2 or 3 together within the bracts. Sepals oblong, pubescent. Petals oblong,
entire or slightly emarginate, thrice shorter than the sepals. Drupe the size of a pea,
purplish, glabrous ; stone hairy, 3-celled.
VAR. rugosa; leaves bullate. G. rugosa, Wall. Cat. 1098 /3. Arsis rugosa, Lour.
i^^.CocA. 409.— Pegu.
3G. Ge, paniculata, Boxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ; shrubby, leaves pubescent
:)ene;itli oblong ucLiiiiiuute sonulate base cuneate, petiole short, stipules
2-partite, drupes 1-4-lobed obovoid. Wall. Cat. 1097, parili/ ; Miq. Fl. hid.
Bat. i. pt. 2, 203. G. Blumei, Hassk. Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. xii. 130 ; Miq.^ Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 203. Microcos tomentosa, Smith in Bees Cycl. G. amnis,
Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog. 207, not of Lindl.
Malacca and Penang, Hunter, Wallich, ifowgro?/.— Distrib. Java, Philippines,
Siam.
A tree ? or shrub. Leaves 6 by 24 in., base 5-nerved ; petiole ^ i"-? pilose. Stipules
nearly equalling the petiole. Cymes terminal, half the length of the leaves, pedicels
nisty-floccose. ^rac^s divided. jBmc?s subglobose or turbinate. Sepals ohloxxf;;. Petals
entire, much shorter than the sepals. Fruiting-pedicels recurved. Drupe the size of
a large pea, pilose ; stones 1-celled. ^.*-y^ cj^-^s a. h.*^ ^v*-? /^ (- ■f>^x4^ A-
In addition to the above species, Beddome mentions a G. umhellifera, Bedd., from
South Canara, with the following imperfect description : " Leaves oblong-ovate, very
suddenly pointed asperous, heads of flowers on long stalks axillary or supra-axillary."
The same author describes in Linn. Trans, xxv. 210, a species which he calls G. acu-
minata (not of Juss.), hut of which I have seen no specimen. It is described as a
"fmall tree with glabrous shoots; leaves 4-6 by 2 in. oblong acuminate entire,
petiole { in., stipules small subulate ; peduncles very short lateral or axillary 2-5-
flowered bracteolate ; sepals covered with ash-coloured pubescence."
7. COZ.UBIBXA, Pers.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, usually oblique. Flowers clustered,
clusters in terminal panicles. Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, glandular at the
base. Stamens indefinite, free, springing from a raised torus. Ovary
3-5-celled, cells 2-4-ovuled ; style subulate, entire. Capsule roundish 3-5-
winged, 3-5-coccous, cocci indehiscent 1-seeded, /S'eeti albuminous ; cotyle-
dons flat. — Distrib. A genus of about 5 species, natives of Tropical Asia,
1. C. floribunda, Wall, in Voight Cat. Hort. Calc. 128 ; leaves scabrous
above puberulous beneath oblong acute spinuloso-denticulate base cordate.
J{urz m Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 63. Glossospermum ? quinque-alatuui,
Wall. Cat. 1154 and 7641.
Birma, at Taong Dong, Wallich ; Ava, Martaban, Kurz.
A shrub ; younger portions scabrid, stellate-hairy. Leaves 5 by 3 in., 3-7-nerved,
petiole 1 in., floccose-tomentose. Flowers small. Sepals ^ in., oblong, hoary ex-
ternally. Petals oblong-spathulate, as long as or longer than the sepals. /SY?/Ze stellate-
hairy. Fruit |-1 in. diam., S-winged, stellate-hairy, separating when ripe into 3-5
indebisceat l-seeded cocci.
894 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Colwmbia.
2. C. znergruensis, Planch, ms. ; leaves lanceolate acuminate serrate
1-3-nerved scabrous above puberulous beneath.
Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.
Leaves 6-8 by 2 in, ; petiole \ in. Fruit \\ in. diara., downy, 3-winged. — Imper-
fect specimens only seen.
8. EaZNOCAZlPUS, Nimmo.
A tree. Z^awslong-petioled, roiindibh-cordate, toothed, 5-7-nerved, some-
times 3-lobed. Flowers large, yellow, in lar^e terminal panicles. JSfjxnh 6,
distinct. Petals 5, clawed. iStaiyiens numerous, springing from a raised
torus, free, or slightly united at tlie base. Ovary 3-colled, cells 2-ovuled ;
style filiform, stigma minute. Fruit indehiscent, woody, triangular,
3-winged, spiny, 1 -celled by abortion. Seed solitary, pendulous, albumen
fleshy ; cotyledons ovate, flat.— The only species
1. S. Nimmoanus, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 21 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat.
t. 110 ; Dalz. tL- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27.-
Western Peninsula ; the Concan and Dekkan, Stocks, &c.
Leaves 4 by 44 in., glabrous ; petiole 1-4 in. Stipules caducous. Bracts 6-8 in.,
ton)iintose, ovate- obloDg, Flowerhvds oblong. Flower | in. diam. Fruit 2 by
1^ in.
9. TRZUBIFZSTTA, Linn.
Herbs or undershnibs, generally more or less covered with stellate hairs.
Leaves serrate, simple or lobed. Flowers yellowish, in dense cymes. Sepals
5, (tblong, concave. Petals 5. Stamens 5-35, springing from a fleshy, lobed,
glandular torus. Ovary 2-5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma
5-toothed. Caj^stde globose or oblong, spiny or bristly, indehiscent or 3-6-
valved. Seeds 1-2 in each cell, penduhnis, albuminous ; embryo straight,
cotyledons flat. — Distrib. A genus of about 40 very variable species, mostly
trojiical weeds.
* Fruit globose rarely ovoid.
1. T. toxnentosa, }h>j r in Ann. Sr. Xaf. ser. ii. xx. 103 ; herbaceous or
suffrulico.-^u niure or less downy, leaves variable, fruit globose covered with
straight spines. Mast, in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afr. i. 258. T. ovata, DC.
Prodr. i. 5D71. T. pilosa, WaU. Cat. 1080. T. pilosa. var. a, Thwaites Fnvm.
31. T. vestita, Wall. Cat. 1078, 1, 2. T. indica, llarn. in WaU. Cat. 237,
1078 IT; W. d' A. Prodr. I 74 T. oblonga. Wall, in Dm Prodr. 227.
Eastern Bengal; Silhctt, WaVich ; Simla, Govnn; Assam, Griffith; Ceylon. —
DisTKin. Mauritius, Madagascar, Eiist Tropical Africa, West Indies?
Stem hispid. Leaves 4 by 8 in., thinly stellate-hairy above, pubescent beneath,
ovate, acuminate, sometimes lobed, crenulate, base rounded, 5-7-nerved, upper obliquely
lanceolate, serrate, 3-nerved ; petiole about 2 in. Stipules lanceolate. Flowers ycWow,
in interrupted spikes. >Sie/?a?« apiculate, densely stellate-hairy. Stamens 5-7. Fruit
the size ot a large pea, hispid, spines ciliate along the lower edge, glabrous along the
upper, with a straight transparent bristle-point. — It is not quite certain that the African
and Indian plants are specifically identical. Perhaps only a woolly state of T. jnlosa.
2. T. pilosa, Poth Nf/v. Sp. 223; herbaceous, bristly, bristles bulbous at
the base, lower leaves lobed upper ovate or ovate-lanceolate unequally
toothed, fruit globose tomentose covered with long hooked spines which
are glabrous along the upper hispid along the lower edge. W. <t A. Prodr.
i 74. T. pilosa, var. /3, Thwaites Enum. 31 ; Dalz. <jc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25.
Trinmfetta.] xxviii. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 395
T. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 1078 C. T. glandulosa, Heyne Jierh. ; Wall. Cat.
1077, 5. T. polycarpa, Wall Cat. 1079. T. oblongata, Link. Enum. PL
Hort. Ber. ii. 5 ; Wall. Cat. 1077, 1, 2, 3.
Throughout Tropical India, from Nipal and Kumaon to Ava and Malacca, Tra-
VANOOR, and Ceylon. — Djstrib. Abyssinia, West Tropical Africa.
Upper leaves 3^-4 by 21 in., lower 3-lobed, stellate-hairy on both sides; petiole
I in., villous. Stipules subulate-aristate, shorter than the petiole. Peduncles shorter
than the petiole. Flowers | in., yellow. Sepals linear, apiculate. Petals oblong-
spathulate, scarcely shorter than the sepals, ciliate at the base. Stamens about 10.
Fruit (including the spines) about the size of a cherry, 4-celled, 8-seeded.
3. T. g'ld'bra, Herh. Miss.; W. (k A. Prodr. i. 75 ; suflfmticose stem
pubescent, leaves subcordate 3-lobed 7-nerved, fruit globose covered with
hooked spines ciliated for nearly their whole length.
Western Peninsula; Canara, at Baiticalo, Bottler.
Leaves 24 by 2 in., glabrous, lobes coarsely and irregularly toot?ied," slightly cuspidate.
Flowers in terminal leafless clusters. Sepals apiculate. Petals oblong, glabrous at
the base. Stamens 30-8.5 (W. & A.), filament.s glabrous. Fruit slightly hairy. —
DilT-rs fijiii T. snndtriloha in the number of stamens and in the larger fruit.
4. Ti rhoiaboidea, Jacq. ; DC. Prodr. i. 507 ; glabrous or pubescent,
leaves poi;. murphous, fruit small globose or ovoid pubescent and with
hooked spines. T. angulata, Lam. Diet. iii. 41 ; Wight Ic. t. 320 ; W.& A.
Prodr. i 74; Thwaites Enum. 31; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 25; Wall.
Cat. 1075, 2, C ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. pt. i. 197. T. angulata, /3. acuminata.
Wall. Cat. 1075 ^. T. Bartramia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 463 ; Wall. Cat. 1075,
D, E. T. trilocularis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 462; Wall. Cal. 1083. T. vestita,
Wall. Cat. 1078, in part.
Throughout tropical and subtropical India and Ceylon, ascending to 4000 ft. in the
Himalaya. — Distrib. Malay Islands, China, Tropical Africa.
Herbaceous or sufFruticose. Leaves ovate rhomboid or cordate, 3-7-nerved, apex
acute or somewhat 3-lobed, serrate, variable in amount and quality of pubescence.
Flowers \ in., yellow, in dense cymes. Pedicels short. Flowgr-buds obloni;, club-
8haped, apiculate. Sepals oblong, apiculate. Petals oblong, ciliate at the base. Stamens
8-15. Capsule the size of a small pea, albido-tom^entose between the spines, spines
hooked, glabrous or ciliated. — Some of the forms of this protean species are superficially
so dilFerent that they may be mistaken for distinct speciesr^^-^n examination, however,
of large suites of specimens from various localities, it will be found that the forms
merge one into the other. The same variability occurs in Tropical Africa and else-
where — see Flora of Trop. Afr. i. 257.
5. T. rotundifolia, Lam. Diet. iii. 421 ; leaves suborbiculate gla-
brescent above touientose beneath, flowers in interrupted racemes, fruit
globose pubescent, spines conical subulate hooked pubescent. W. <& A.
Prodr. I 75; Rot/i Nov. aS>. 222 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1076 B, C, D, E; 3fiq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. I pt. 2, 196 ; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25. T. suborbiculata, DC.
Prodr. i. 506. T. orbiculata, Koenig in Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36. T. bilocularis,
Wall. Cat. 1081.
Western Peninsula and Central India, from Bandelkhand, Edgeworth, to Maisor,
Pegu, Wallich.
SufFruticose, roughish. Leaves \\ in., coriaceous, unequally serrate, lower serratures
thickened, rugose and glabrescent above, cream-coloured and pubescent beneath ;
petiole 4 >"• Sepals apiculate, albido-tomentose. Petals oblong, ciliate at the base.
Stamens 15-25. Frmit globose, the size of a pea, pubescent, spines dilated at the
base. — Possibly only a form of T. rhomhoidea, but having larger fruits and the spines
wider at the base.
396 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Triumfetta,
6. T. semltriloba, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. l 507 ; herbaceous or suffrutes-
ceiit, pubeaceiit villous or glabrescent, leaves variable, fruit globose prickly,
prickles hooked shaggy or ciliated scarcely dilated at the base. Wall. Cat,
1075, partly. \
Tenassekim ; at Tavoy, Gomez. — Distrib. A tropical weed.
Stem hispidulous. Leaves cordate-ovate, 8ub-3-lobed, coarsely and irregularly
toothed, 5-7-iierved, downy, upper leaves smaller ovate-lanceolate ; petioles 2-4 in.
Flowers in clusters along the sides of the branches. Buds oblong. Sepals apiculate.
Petals ciliate at the base. Stamens 10-15. Fruit the size of a large pea, 4-6-valved,
bjirbed. — A variable plant as to pubescence and form of leaf, and closely allied to
T. rhomhoidea, but differs in its larger fruit with bristly or shaggy spines.
7. T. annua, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i 507 : annual, nearly glabrous, leaves
ovate acuminate toothed, fruit glabrous globose covered with long hooked
8i)ines. Miq. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 196. T. polycarpa, Wall. Cat. 1079,
jKirtly. T. trichoclada, Link, ex DC. Prodr. i. 607; Wall. Cat. 1082.
T. indica. Lam. Diet. iii. 420 ?
Tropical Himalaya, from Simla to Sikkim ; the Khasia Mts., Assam, Concan,
AvA, and Andaman Islands — Distkib. Malay Archipelago, Tropical Africa.
Stem 1-2 ft., with a line of hairs along one side, shifting at each joint. Leaves A-o
by 2-4 in. ; petiole long. Stipules subulate. Peduncles 4 in., extra-axillary, 3-ttowered.
Flowers about ^ in. PetaU orange, nearly as long as the apiculate sepals. Stamens
10. Fruit the size of a large pea, glaucous, 4-celled ; spines glabrous.
8. T. cana, Blume Bijdr. i. 116; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate
acuminate slightly cordate unequallv toothed thinly stellate-hairy above
densely beneath, peduncles extra-axillary, sepals tomentose, fruit globose,
spines straight ciliated.
Tiie Khasia Mrs. and Chittagong, Hook. & T/toms.; Assam, Sincapore, G. Thomson
— Distrib. Java, Hongkong.
Stem hispid. Leaves 2 by f in. ; petiole 1 in. Flowers scarcely ^ in. Stamens
10-12. Fruit the size of a small pea; prickles hispid, with a slender transparent
straight point.
** Fruit oblong.
9. T. neg-leota, W. <6 A. Prodr. i. 75; annual, leaves roundish,
stamens 5-10, fruit oblong indehiscent covered with hooked spines ciliated
on the upper edge. Mast, in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afr. i. 255. T. pentandra.
Giidl. & Peiir, Fl. Seneg. i. 93, t, 19 ; Ham. in Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1075 F.
T. pilosul ', lliwaites Enam. 401.
North We.stern India, Boyle; Western Peninsula ; Ceylon, at Trincomalee. —
Distrib. Abyssinia, Senegal.
Slightly hairy, branched. Leaves subcordate, acuminate or slightly 3-lobed, serrate,
hairy on both surfaces, especially beneath, upper lanceolate. Flowers small, ^V '^-j in
lateral extra-axillary clusters. Sepals linear. Petals oblong, obtuse, glabrous below.
Wight and Amott, in Prodr. i. 75, describe as T, f miarophjlla, a Peninsular plant
known only in a malformed condition. Stems herbaceous, erect, branched, glabrous ;
haves oblong-lanceolate, not lubed, sharply serrate, glabrous; jjeduucles bearing 1-3
flowers, opposite ? to the leaves ; stamens 5-8. — It is perhaps a state of T. pilosa eaten
down by the cattle or goats.
10. COaCZZOXlUS, Linn.
Herbs or undershrubs, more or less covered with stellate pubescence.
Leaves simple. Peduncles axillary or opposite to the leaves, 1-2-flowered,
Corchorus.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 397
Flowers small, yellow. Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, glandless. Stamens free,
indefinite or rarely twice the number of the petals, springing from a short
torus. Ovary 2-6-celled, style short, stigma cup-shaped. Capsule elon-
gated, slender or subglobose, smooth or prickly, loculicidally 2-5-valved,
sometimes with transverse partitions. Seeds numerous, albuminous, pen-
dulous or horizontal ; embryo curved. — Distrib. A genus of about 35
species, for the most part widely dispersed throughout the tropics.
* Capsule globose, not beaked. /rif^aXi •*■ a-^t^/-^*^
1. C. capsularis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 505 ; annual, capsules oblate sub-
globose 5-celled. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 581 ; If. (^ A. Prodr. i. 73; Wall
Cat. 1071 ; 1071, B, C ; Wight Id. 311 ; Thwaites Enum. 31 ; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 25 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 194. C. Marua, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
mil.—Iiumph. Amb. v. t. 78, f. 1.
Throughout the hotter parts of India ; cultivated in most tropical countries.
Leaves 2-4 by f-1 in., glabrescent, oblong, acuminate, coarsely toothed, base gene-
rally prolonged into tail-like appendages ; petiole 1^ in. Stipules \~\ in. Capsule
wrinkled, muricate, 5-valved, valves without transverse septa. Sends tew in each cell.
— Yields the fibre known as Jute.
** Capsule elongated, beak entire.
2. C. olitorius, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 504 ; annual, capsule elongate gla-
brous 3-6-valved, valves with transverse partitions between the seeds, beak
long erect. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 581 ; W. <t A. Prodr. i. 73 ; Wall. Cat. 1072 ;
1, 2, 3, 4, D, E, F ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 845 ; Dalz. (£• G.ibs. Bomb. Fl. 25 ;
Miq. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 195 ; Thwaites Enum. 31. C. decemangularis,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 582 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1072 G.
Indigenous in many parts of India. — Generally distributed by cultivation in all tropical
countries
Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., nearly glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, serrate, the
two lower serratures prolonged into long sharp points ; petiole 1-2 in., pilose. Stipules
shorter than the petiole. Peduncles 1-3-flowered ; shorter than the petiole. Sepals
. shortly pointed. Petals yellow, spathulate. longer than the sepals. Capsule 2 in.,
cylindric, lO-ribbed. — Cultivated as a potherb, or for its fibre (Jute). The plant varies
in statnre, hairiness, &c. Arnott (in herb.) corrects an error into which he had fallen
in the measurement of the pod, in the Prodromus, and which, as corrected, should read —
"pods 10-12 times longer than broad."
3. C. trilocularis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 60^; annual, capsule elongate
3- angled scabrous or aculeate, beak short erect, valves with transverse
partitions. W. &. A. Prodr. i. 72; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 582; Wall. Cat.
1070 B; Wight in Wall. Cat. 1070 C ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25.
SiNDH, Stocks; North-west Provinces, from Amballa to the Panjab ; Nilghirris
Mts. — DiSTKiB. AfTghanistan, Tropical Africa.
Leaves 1-4 by 1 in. elliptic-oblong or oblong lanceolate, crenato-serrate with or
without basal lobes ; petiole very short, pilose. Peduncles 1-3-flowered, very short,
opposite the leaves. Capstde 2-3 in., straiijht or curved, 3-4-angled, 3-4-valved, valves
scabrous. — Of this species Wight and Arnott, I.e., make three varieties: a, leaves ovate
oblong, capsules in pairs, 3-angled; /3, leaves ovate-oblong, capsules solitary 4-angled ;
y, leaves oblong-lanceolate capsules in pairs 3-angled. To the latter belongs Wallich's
1070 B. It would appear, however, that these are mere individual variations.
4. C. urtlcaefolius, W. d' A. Prodr. i. 73 ; annual, capsules terete or
slightly 3-aDgled not exceeding one inch pilose beaked, beak erect entire,
valves with transverse internal partitions. Thwaites Enum. 31. C. olitorius.
398 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Corchorv3.
Wall. Cat. 1072 F, }Mrthj. C. subscandens, Wall. Cat. 1074. C. sestuans,
Hb. Madr. ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1074.
Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula, Wight; Ava, Wallich; Ceylon,
Trincomalee, Thwaites. — Distkib. Abyssinia.
Leaves 2-3 by 1-lf in., thinly pilose, cordate, sometimes oblique, ovate acuminate,
dentate (almost precisely as in Urtica dloica). Fedumlea extra-axillary, 2-3-flowered.
Capsule 1 in., bent downwards, hairy. — Closely allied to C. trUocularis but with a much
shorter pod.
5. C. fasclcularis, Lain.; DC: Prodr. i. 505 ; annual, capsule short sub-
cylindric puberulous shortly beaked, valves nearly destitute of internal
partitions. Moxh. Fl. lud. ii. 582; Thivaites En am. 401; Dalz. d: Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 24 ; Wall. Cat. 6312. C. linearis, Wall. Cai. 1070, partl.y.
Throughout the hotter parts of India from Banda, Fdfjeuorth, to Bengal, the
Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropical Australia and Africa.
Leaves 1-2 by \-^ in., oblong lanceolate, serrated; petioles very short pilose.
Peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-5 -flowered. iSepals -^-^ in. JStamens 5-10. Capsule
^\ in., 3 or 4 together, each 3-4-valved, valves downy.
6. C. Antichorus, Rceusch. Nomend. But. ed. iii. 158 ; woody, perennial,
much branched, branches prostrate, capsule cylinrlric elongate beaked.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 84(5; M(ut. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. \. 263. Antichorus
deprcssus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 504. Corchorus huniilis, Munro Hort.
Agrens. Appendix 35; Wight Ic. 1073; Dalz. d- Gils. Bomb. Fl. 25.
North Western India from Sindh, Stocks, and the Punjab, F?Van/, to Acjra, Munro.
"Western Peninsula, in Kattywar, Guzerat and the Deccan. — Distrib. Affghauistan,
Aden, Tropical Africa, Cape de Verde Isles.
Branches tortuous, imbricate, 6-7 in. Leaves \-\ by ^ in., shortly petioled, roundish,
plicate, crenate-serrate, base 3-nerved. Peduncles short, stout, opposite the leaves.
Capsules 4-1 \ in., straight or curved, 4-valved.
*** Capmle elongated, beak 3-fid spreading.
7. C. tridens, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 505; annual, capsule elongate cylin-
dric terminated by 3 spreading points, valves without partitions. W. db A.
Prodr. i. 73 ; Thwaites Emim. 401 ; Wall. Cat. 1073 ; BoUs. Fl. Orient, i.
845. C. Burinanni, DC. Prodr. i. 505. C. linearis, Wall. Cat. 1070.
C. trilocularis, Burin. Fl. Ind. t.' 37, f. 2.
Generally distributed. — Distrib. Australia and Africa.
"Variable as to habit, pubi'scence and form of leaf Ltaves 1-3 by ^-1 in., linear-
oblong or lanceolate; petiole j^-^ in. Peduncles 1-4-flowered. Capsule 1-2 in — Of
this speciesW ight and Arnott recoinise three forms, viz. : — a, leaves lanceolate acumin-
ate, \\'all. Cat. 1073. fS, leaves linear obhmg or linear-lanceolate, C. Bunnannii DC.
C. Uncariji, Wall. Cat. 1070, C. y, leaves oblong or obovate cuueate at the base. —
The three forms merge one into the other.
8. C. acutangfulus, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. i. 505 ; annual, capsules elon-
gate 6-angled 3 of tiie angles winged, beak 3-fid divisions spreading hori-
zontally, valves with or without partitions. W. ci- A. Prodr. i. 7'S ; Wall.
Cat. 1069, 1074 D, E; Wight. Ic. t. 739; Thwaites Fnum. 31; Dalz. d-
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 194. C. ^stuans ? Ham.
in Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1074 C. C. fuscus, Boxb. Ilort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii.
582 ; Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1069.
Throughout the hotter parts of India and Ceylon. — Distrib. Australia, Tropical
A rica. West Indies.
Leaves 1-3 by |-1 it)., more or less hairy, ovate and acute, or oblong and acuminate,
serrate, with or without basal lobes ; petiole \ iu., hairy. /Stipules linear-subulate,
Corcliorus.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 399
much shorter than the petiole. Peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-3-flowered. Capsule
1-1 4 in. — Wight and Arnott describe the septa between the seeds as nearly obsolete,
but they are frequently well marked.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
C. PUMiLUS, Hum. in Wall. Cat. 6310 (a plant cultivated in the Calcutta Garden),
is too imperfect to be determined. It is probably a depauperated form of some common
species.
11. PZ.AGZOPTERON, Griff.
A climbing shrub. Leaves opposite and alternate, pubescent, entire.
Flowers numerous, in peduncled panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5, retlcxed.
Stamens numerous ; filaments clavate ; anthers 2-ceiled, cells divergent at
the base. Ovary 3-celled ; styles consolidated, subulate ; ovules 2 in each
cell, collateral Fruit subturbinate, woody, 3-celled, 3-winged at the
summit.— DiSTRiB. A solitary species.
1. P. fragrans, Griff, in Gale. Joam. Nat. Hist. iv. 244, t. 13.
Tenasseuim, at Mergui, Griffith.
Stellate-pubescent. Leaves 4 by 2 in., ovate-oblons:, cuspidate; petiole \ in.
Flowers small, fragrant. Petals 3-4 times longer than the sepals. Stamens longer
than the petals, filaments capillary. Ovary pilose. Frait i\ in. diam. — Griffith,
who describes this plant from specimens growing in the Calcutta Garden, says that it
is supposed to come from Silhet ; but I fiud specimens in his own Herbarium gathered
hy himself in Mergui, probably at a subsequent date,
12. ECKINOCARPUS, Blume.
Trees. Leaves simple, arcli-veined. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, soli-
tary or tufted. Sepals 4, imbricate. Petals 4, gashed. Stamens numerous,
free, springing from a thick disk ; anthers linear, openins: by a terminal pore.
Ovary 3-4-celled ; cells many-ovuled ; style subulate. Cajmde coriaceous or
woody, prickly or setose, 3-4- or" by abortion, 1-celled. Seeds solitary few
or many, pendulous, ovoid, testa bony shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons
broad, flat,— Distrib, One species is Australian, another Javan, the re-
mainder are Indian.
1. E. Murex, Benth. in Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii, p. 71 ; leaves
oblong or sublanceolate acuminate glabrous on both surfaces, spines of the
fruit dilated at the base.
•"Khasia Mts. ; alt. 3-5000 ft , Hk. f. & T.
Glabrous except the peduncles. Leaves 3-4 by l\ in. ; petiole 1 in. Peduncle 1 in.
Floioers not seen, Capsvle 1-1 ^ in., ovoid, woody, 4-5-valved, valves downy, covered
with long straight subulate spines. — Kurz (Journ. As, Soc. Beng, 1870, ii. 67), identi-
fies^. Murex with Blume's E. Sigun, but in the absence of authentic specimens of the
latter I hesitate to adopt his view seeing how far apart the Kha>,ia Mountains and Java
are, and that the species has been found in no intermediate station. Clos, moreover,
describes F. Sigun as differing both in the foliage and spines of the capsules.
2. E< assamicus, Benth. I.e. 72 ; leaves elliptic-oblong abruptly acu-
minate, glabrous above thinly pubescent beneath, spines of the fruit
subulate.
Upper Assam, Griffith.
A medium-sized tree. Leaves 9 hy 4 in. ; petiole 2-3 in. Peduncles puberulous.
Ovary ovoid, bristly ; style subulate. Fruit pendulous, 2 iu. diam., globose, studded
with long slender spines. /
400 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) {Echinocarpus.
3. £. stercullaceus, Benth. Inc. cit. 72 ; leaves ovate or obovate cuspi-
date downy beneath, spines of the fruit subulate.
Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, at 2000 ft., Hk.f. ^
A tree. Bark smooth. Leaves 8-10 by 4 in., base rounded or subcordate, minutely
serrulate ; petiole 2 in. Peduncles tomentose, 1-1 ^ in. Fruit globose, densely covered
with very long subulate spines.
4. E. tomentosus, Benth.loc. cit. 72; leaves elliptic tomentose beneath,
capsule covered with short bristles,
Ea-stern Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt, 2-4000 ft,, Hk.f.
A lolty tree, younger portions tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, acumi-
nate, serrated, base rounded ; petiole If in., downv, tliickencd at the apex. Peduncles
1^-2 in., tomentose, thickened at the apex. Fiowera 4 in. diam. Sepals 6, ovutQ,
pointed. Petals oblong, concave, 4-5-toothed at the apex. Anthers linear, apiculate,
filaments pilose. Capsule \.\ in., ovoid, woody, 4-5-valved, valves densely covered with
short fine bristles.
5. E. dasyoarpus, Benth. loc. cit. 72; leaves oblong or oblanceolate
entire or serrulate glabrous on both surfaces, petals longer than the calyx,
fruit covered with short dense ultimately deciduous spines.
Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 4-6000 ft., Hk.f.
A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 3 in., coriaceous, shortly acunn'natc, base tapering ; petiole
1 in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles 1^-2 in., axillary or aggregated at the end of
the brancht'S. Flowers nearly 1 in, diam, Receptade cushion-shaped, pitted. Sepals
oval or orbicular. Petals broad, lobed. Anthers oblong, apiculate. Ovary 4-celled,
stylo longer than the ovary. Capsvle 1 in., subglobose, 4-5-valved, valves woody.
Seeds 4 by I in., oval, black, smootn.— Variable in foliage and size of flower.
13. EXiSIO CARPUS, Linn.
Trees. Leaves simple. F/owers usually hermaj)hrodite, rarely polygamous,
in axiUary racemes. S^jkiIs 5, distinct. Petals 5, usually laciniate at the
apex, rarely entire, springing from the outside of a cusliion-shaped, often
5-lobed torus. Stamens usually indefinite, never less than 10, arising from
the inside of the torus, and more or less agcjregated into groups o])posite the
petals and alternating with the glands of the torus ; anthers innate, linear,
oi)ening by a terminal pore. Ovary sessile, 2-5-celled, cells 2-many-ovuled ;
style columnar. Drupe with a single bony stone which is 3-5 or by abortion
1-celled. Seeds peiubdous, 1 in each cell, albumen fleshy; cotyledons flat. —
DiSTRiB. About 50 species, most abundant in the hotter parts of India and
the Indian archi]>e]ago. A few species are found in some of the South Sea
islands. New Zealand, and Australia.
Sect. I. Ganitrus. Ovary and drupe 5-celled.
1. S. Ganitrus, lioxh. Hort. Benrj. 42; FL Tnd. ii. 592; leaves glabres-
cent elliptic acute, stamens many anthers bearded, drupe globose. Wall. Cat.
2(560 A ^0 D ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27. Ganitrus sphaerica, G(jertn. Fruct. ii.
271, t. 139 ; Wight Ic. I 66. — Rumph. Amb. iii. t. 101.
Native of various parts of India, Roximrgh; Nipal, and Chittaoong, Wallich;
Malacca, Coscan, on the higher Ghats, Dalz. & Gibs. — Djstrib. Malay Archipelago,
Roxburgh.
A tree. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in., serrulate ; petiole ^-f in. Stipules minute, subulate,
caducous. Racemes from the old wood, drooping, shorter than the leaves. Flower-
buds ovoid-conical, elongate. Flowers 4 in. diam., white. Sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, glabrescent, internally 1 -ribbed. Petals glabrescent, oblong, laciniate halfway
Mceocarpus.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 401
down. Stamem 35-40. Ovary spherical, albido-pilose ; style longer than the sta-
mens. Drupe the size of a cherry, globose, purple ; stone tubercled, grooved, 5-celled,
6-seeded,
2. E. parvifollus, Wall. Cat. 684 and 2662 A, B; leaves glabrous
elliptic acute at both ends minutely serrulate, stamens 15-20, anthers beard-
less, drupe oblong. G. Mull. Anot. defam. Elceocarp. 24.
Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith, &c. ; Penang, Jack ; Singapore. — Distrib. Borneo.
A small tree. Young shoots silky. Leaves 3-34 by 1 in. ; petiole ^-f in. Pedicels
and calyx villosulous. Flowers about ^ in. diara. Glands large, 2-lobed, opposite the
sepals. Stamens in pairs between each gland, opposite the petals, and singly opposite
the glands and sepals. Ovary 5-celled, cells opposite the petals. Drupe | in. and up-
wards, olive-shaped ; stone 5-celled. — In one of Wallich's specimens the drupe is globose.
3. E. nitidus, Jack Mai. Misc.; ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 84; leaves
ovate-lanceolate serrate, stamens 15, anthers beardless, drupe globose.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 208 ; Wall. Cat. 2670.
Malacca and Penang, Jack, &c. — Uistkib. Java.
A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2-24 in., base tapering; glabrous, petiole 1-| in. Flowers
\ in, diara. Sepals linear, acute, thinly pilose. Stamens 15, 10 in pairs between the
glands. Drupe globose; stone rugose, 5-celled, one cell only usually fertile. — Like E. ro-
bustus, but differing in the anthers and fruit.
Sect. II. Dicera. Flowers bisexual. Anthers not, or scarcely prolonged
at the apex (see also E. prunifolius and E. pedunculatus). Drupe 1-3-celled.
* Anthers mually bearded, sometimes not {see E. robustus and E. lanceae-
folius).
4. E. serratus, L. ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 82, not of Eoxb. ; leaves elliptic
obtuse or acuminate crenate-serrate, stamens 20-35, anther-valves sparingly
bearded, drupe oblong, stone tubercled 1-celled 1-seeded. Wall. Cat. 2666
B, F, K, L ; Thwaites Enum. 32 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 208. E. Pirincara,
Wall. Cat. 2664 partly, not of DC. E. integrifolius. Lam. III. t. 459; DC
Prodr. I 519. ? E. lacunosus, Wall. Cat. 6858, 9026.
Tropical Himalaya ; Sikkira, 2-3000 ft., Hk.f., Nipal, WaUich; Eastern Bengal,
and the Eastern and Western Peninsulas. — Distrib. Java.
A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 2^ in., glabrous, base tapering; petiole 1 J in. Racemes
scarcely so long as the leaves, ascending. Flower-buds ovoid-conical. Flowers \ in.
diara. Sepals ovate, speckled, glabrous. Petals laciniate halfway down, ciliate at the
edges. Ovary villous, 3-celled. Drupe the size and forra of a small olive, edible; stone
oblong, pointed, tubercled, pitted, 1-celled. — In Laraarck's integrifolius the leaves are
nearly entire. The plant called E. serratus in Koxburgh's unpublished drawings ap-
parently belongs to this species, having a I -celled stone, while the species so called in
Roxburgh's Fl. Ind. ii. 596, is described as 3-celled. I have referred E. lacunosus,
Wall., both to this species and to E. cuneatus with doubt. The specimens have leaves
and fruit only, and are insufficient to determine to which species (if either) they really
belong.
5. E. floribundus, Blume Bijdr. 120; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate
crenate-serrate base acute, peduncles spreading, stamens about 20, anthers
bearded, drupe ovoid 1-celled 1-seeded. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 210.
E. grossa, Wall. Cat. 2661. E. serratus, Roxb. ex Wall. Cat. 2666 A, B, paHly.
E. oblongus, WaU. Cat 2677 ; C Mull. Anot. de fam. Eloeocarp. 19, f. 30.
E. Lobbianus, Turcz. in Mosc. Bull. 1858, 235.
Eastern Bengal; Khasia Mts., alt, 3-4000 ft., and Chittagong; Assam, Grijffith;
Tks^sbbkim, Heifer; Singapore; Birma, Kurz. — Distrib, Java.
A tree. Leaves 4 by 2^ in, and upwards, coriaceous, glabrous, acute at both ends,
VOL. I. D D
402 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elceocar-pits.
venation obscure ; petiole If in., thickened at the top. Flower \ in. diam. Pedicels
pilose. /Sepals deltoid-lanceolate. Petals cuneate, cut halfway down, lobes I'ringed.
Ovary 3-celled. Stone pitted.
6. S. robustus, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii 597 ; leaves ovate-
oblong acuminate serrate, flower-buds oblong-ovoid, stamens 50, anthers
bearded rarely beardless, drupe ovoid 3-celled 1-seeded. Wicfht Id. G4;
? Wall. Cat. 2664 A. E. ovalifolius, Wall. Cat. 2665 ; C. Mull Aiiot. de Jam.
Eloeocarp. 21 E. amygdalinus. Wall. Cat. 6857. E. serratus, Wall. Cat.
2666 C. E. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 2677 ? (specimen imperfect). E. aristatus,
Wall. Cat. 2665 B. ? Wall. Cat. 9027 (a monstrous form, not in flower).
From the Kastern Himalaya, Sikkiin, alt. 2000 ft., and the Khasia Mts. to Chit-
TAGONG, Tenasserim, Malacca and Penano ; also in Canara and Ceylon.
A tree or shrub? Young shoots pubescent. Leaves 6-8 by 2^-3 in. and upwards,
flabrous; petiole 1-2 in. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Flower-hvda acute.
^lowers \ in. diam. Anthers pubenilous. Ovary downy. Drupe 1-14 in., rind
hard crustaceous, yellow; stone furrowed deeply pitted.
7. £■ ouneatus, Wiffht III. i. p. 83 ; leaves cuneate-obovate acuminate,
stamens 30-40, anthers bearded, ovary 3-celled, drupe olive-shaped, stone
3-celled. ? E. serratu.'^, Roxh. Ilmt. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 296 ; Miq. in Herb.
Hohenack. ; Thivaites Eniim. 32. ? E. lacunosus, Wall. Cat. 6858, 9026.
Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim; Chittagono; Silhet; Birma and Tena8>»erim;
Western Peninsula, the Southern Provinces, Wight, Beddome ; Ceylon, Jhwaites.
A small tree. Leaves 3 by 14 in, glalirou^, serrulate, petiole i-| in. Racemes
shorter than the leaves. Buds conical. Petals ppeckled (in dried specimens), gla-
brous, ciliolate. Anthers usually bearded or not, on the same specimen. Drupe the
size and form of an olive ; stone rugose, pitted, 3-celled. — The synonymy of this species
is open to doubt.
8. E. lanceaefolius, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 598 ; leaves
broad lanceolate serrulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, stamens 15, drupe
oblong-ovoid 1-celled. Wight Ic. i. 65. E. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 2667, jKirtly.
Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft. ; Bhotan, Oriffith; Khasu Mts.,
alt. 4-5000 ft., SiLHET and Tenasserim, Wallich, Griffith, &c. ; Canara, Law. —
DisTRiB. Java.
A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 1 1-2 in., glabrou.s, base tapering ; petiole 4-1 in. Racemes nearly
as long as the leaves ; pedicels slender. Floicers about 4 in- diam. JSepaU glabrous,
lanceolate. Petals ciliate at the edgen, shorter than the sepals. Anthers sparingly
or not at all bearded. Ovary 3-celled, downy. Drupe the size of a pigeon's egg.
9. E. Kelferi, Kurz nu. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate crenate-serrate, flower-
buds ovoid obtuse, anthers bearded.
Tenasserim, Heifer ; Andamans, Kurz.
A tree. Leaves 8-10 by 3 in., glabrous, base rounded; petiole 1-1 4 in. Raceme
half the length of the leaves. /Toir^r* 4 in. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, downy.
Petals wedge-shaped, laciniate halfway down, ciliate at the edges. Ovary globose,
downy, 3-celled. — Apparently very nearly allied to E. robustus from which it differs in
the shorter petioles, smaller flowers and more broadly ovoid buds.
10. S. slkkimenBls, Mast.; leaves elliptic acuminate crenate-serrate,
serratures mucronulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, anthers bearded, drupe
ellipsoid.
Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, alt, 5000 ft., Hk.f.; Assam, Oriffith.
A tree. Leaves 8 by 3 in., glabrous ; petiole 2 in. thickened at the apex. Racemes
erect, half the length of the leaves; pedicels thinly pilose. Floicers about 4 in. diam.
Sepals lanceolate, pilose. Petals cuneate, slightly silky at the back. Disk villous.
Maocarpus.] xxviii. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 403
Ovary 3-celled. Drupe 2 by 1 in., tubercled. — Differs from E. rohusfvs in the narrow
pointed flower-buds. It is open to doubt whether the fruit placed with it in the Kew
Herb, belongs to this species.
** Anthers usually beardless.
11. E. leptostachya, Wall. Gat, 2672 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate
serrulate, peduncles erect, pedicels pilose, flower-buds rounded, anthers
beardless. C. MiUl. Anot. defam. Elceocarp. 23.
Tenasserim, Heifer ; Penang, Wallich.
A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., serrulate, base rounded; petiole 2-2| in,, thickened
at the apex. Peduncles half the letigth of the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam. SepaU
pubescent. Petals cuneate, ciliate, tip laciniate. Ovary villous, 3-celled. — Very like
JE. rohustus, but the anthers are not bearded.
12. E. lucldus, Roxb. Hort. £e?ig, 42; Fl. Ind, ii. 600; leaves glabrous
lanceolate serrate, racemes as long as the leaves, flower-buds ovoid-conical,
anthers beardless.
Chittagong; Roxburgh, Griffith.
A tree. Leaves 5 by 2 in., acute, serratures spiny, base rounded; petiole 1 in.
Raceme erect, many-flowered, scarcely so long as the leaves. Flowers f in. diam.
Sepals lanceolate. Petals laciniate halfway down. Anthers puberulous. Dish villous.
Fruit not seen. — Differs from E. robustus in the beardless anthers as well as in the
pointed buds and smaller flowers.
13. E. oblong-US, Gcertn. ; W. <k A. Prodr. 82 ; leaves glabrous
elliptic acute or acuminate serrate, stamens 30-40, anther-valves beardless
or bearded, drupe oblong, stone 1 -celled 1-seeded. Smith in Rees Cycl. ;
DC. Prodr. i. 519 ; Wight Ic. t. 46 ; Dalz. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27 ; Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 208. E. glandulosus. Wall. Cat. 6859 ; E. adenophyllus.
Wall. Cat. 6860. E. Perim-Kara, DC. Prodr. i. 509 ; Wall. Cat. 2664 B, in
part. E. serratus, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2666. 1 E. angustifolius, Wight III.
p. 84.
Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Lobb; Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Tra-
vancor. — Distrib. Moluccas, Borneo.
A tree. Leaves 3-4 by l|-2 in., base wedge-shaped; petiole |-1 in., glandular at
the apex. Racemes from the axils of the fallen leaves. Flower-buds ovoid-conical.
Petals ciliolate. Drupe 1 in. — Wight and Arnott make two vars. of this species — one
var., a, with acute leaves and stout pedicels, the other var. /S, with marked acuminate
leaves and slender pedicels; the former has also larger flowers and more lanceolate .>^epals,
the latter lias smaller flowers and ovate acute sepals ; but the two forms seem to merge
one into the other. 1 he saccate glands seen on the under surface of the leaves in
this and other species are possibly the result of insect agency.
14. E. polystachyus, Wall. Cat. 2671 ; leaves elliptic-oblong serrulate
pubescent beneath, flower-buds subglobose, petals alinost entire at the
apex, stamens 40-50, anthers beardless, drupe 1 -celled. — C. Midi. Anot. de
fam. Elwocarp. 20, f. 13.
Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ; shoots, petioles, peduncles, pedicels and sepals pubescent. Leaves 4-8 by
3-^ in., base rounded; petiole 24 in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles scarcely
exceeding the petioles, pedicels resupinate. Flowers \ in. diam. Petals oblong.
Stamens numerous. Gland's of disk obsolete. Ovary 2-celled. Drupe § in., glabrous,
crustaceous.
15. E. g^labrescens, Mast. ; leaves at first covered with ferruginous
down afterwards glabrescent lanceolate-acuminate, stamens 15-20, anthers
beardless, drupe globose 1-celled.
D D 2
404 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elaocarpm.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree; herbaceous portions downy. Leaves 3 bj 1^ in., acute at both ends, gla-
brescent, or with a few hairs beneath; petiole 1^ in., with two glands at the apex.
Peduncle as long or longer than the petiole, pedicels ^ in., hairy. Flowers ^ in. diam.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals oblong. Anthers puberulous. Ovary 3-celled. Drupe
the size of a cherry ; stone 1-celIed, 1-seeded.
16. E. stlpularis, Blume Bijdr. 121 ; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate
serrulate pubescent beneath, stipules.ovate incised, drupe globose 1-celled.
From BiRMA, Wallich, to Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Borneo.
A tree, herbaceous portions pubescent. Leaves 6 by 2 in. ; petiole 1 in. Racemes
nearly as long as the leaves, pubescent, Flowhrs h in. diam. Buds ovoid. Sepals
lanceolate, silky-pubescent. Disk 5-lobed. Anthers bearded or beardless, 15-20.
Ovary downy, 5 celled.
17. B. amoenus, TJnvaites Emim. 32 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate acumi-
nate serrate, serratures aristulate, anthers beardless, drupe globose 1-celled.
Beddome Flor. ISylvat. t. 1 ITT
Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula, Beddome; Ceylon, Central pro-
vince, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites.
A tree. Leaves 2-4 by f-2 in., glandular beneath ; petiole A-| in. Leaf-huds
pilose. Bacemes from the axils of the fallen leaves. Flower-bvds ovate-lanceolate.
Sepals lanceolate. Ovary 5-celled. Drupe the size of a large cherry ; stone 1-celled.
18. E. obovatus, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323 (1836); leaves
glabrous obovate, racemes longer than the leaves, anthers beardless, drupe
globose 1-celled. Thwaites Enum. 32. E. coriaceus, Hook. Ic. Fl. t. 154 ;
Wight III. i. 83 (1840).
Ceylon, Newera Ellia, alt. 6-8000 ft.
A shrub. Leaves 2J^-3 by lJ-2 in., coriaceous, obtuse, serrulate, sometimes glan-
dular, base cuneate ; petiole ^ in. Flowers f in. diam., drooping. Sepals lanceolate,
tomentose. Stamens 15-25. Ovary minutely villous, 3-celled. Drupe spherical ;
stone rugulose, tubercled.
19. ZS. montanus, Thwaites Enum. 32 ; leaves ovate-oblong or orbicular
obtuse denticulate glandular beneath, anthers beardless, drupes spherical.
Ceylon ; loftier parts of the island, alt. 6-8000 ft., Thwaites.
A middle-sized tree. Leaves 2-34 by l|-2 in., coriaceous, younger ones pubescent be-
neath ; petiole ^-l in. Bacemes nearly as long as the leaves, pubescent. Flowers ^ in.
diam. Sepals oblong. Petals silky, longer than the sepals.
20. E. subvillosus, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323 (1836); leaves
oval obtuse abruptly and shortly acuminate crenate-serrate glabrescent,
bracts pectinate, anthers pubescent, drupe oblong 1-celled. — Thwaites
Enum. 33. E. pubescens, //oo^. Ic. PI. 155, (1837).
Ceylon; Saffragam district, Thwaites; Mai.acca, 3faingoy — Distrib. Borneo.
Arborescent; herbaceous portions densely pubescent, at length glabrescent. Leaves
4 by 2^ in. ; petiole 14 in. StipuUs subulate. Bacemes downy, from the axils of the
fallen leaves. Ilower-huds ovate, acute. Petals oblong, clawed, fimbriate at the
apex. Stamens 15-25. Anthers densely pubescent. Ovary villous. Drupe olive-
shaped ; stone tubercled, sharply pointed.
Sect. III. Blonocera, Jack (Gen.). Flowers bisexual. Anthers termi-
nated by a long awn. Ovary 2-3- rarely 5-celled. Drupe 1-celled, 1-2-seeded.
* Petals narrowed toward the base, dilated toward the a^yex.
t Anther-tails erect.
21. E. tuberculatus, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 594 ; leaves glabrous above
hairy along the nerves beneath obovate minutely serrate base cuneate,
Elcsocarpus.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 405
stamens 70-80, anther-tails erect. Wall. Cat. 2658 B, C ; Beddome Fl.
Sylvat. t. 113. E. serrulatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42. L. rugosus, Wall.
Cat. 2658, A, B, not of Roxb. Monocera tuberculata, W. & A. Prodr. i. 83 ;
Wight] Ic. 62 ; Wigkt. III. t. 35 ; Dalz. d^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27. M. subin-
tegerrima, Aliq. in Herb. Hohenack.
Pegu and Martaban, Wallich ; Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula,
Wight, &c. — DiSTRiB, Java.
A tree. Leaves 6-12 by 3-4 in., glabrous or more or less downy beneath ; petiole
l^-2in., pilose or glabrescent, thickened at the apex. Racemes erect, more than twice
the length of the petiole. Pedicels recurved, ultimately erect. Flower-buds lanceolate.
Flower 1 in. diara. Sepals lanceolate, rusty-pubescent. Petals oblong-cuneate, deeply
laciniate, sometimes bifid, silky on the outside. Stamens very numerous (70), filaments
hairy or glabrous. Ovary 2-celled, cells 8-ovuled. Drupe 14-2 in., oval, smooth;
stone 1-2-ceiled, coarsely tubercled furrowed. — To this species may possibly be re-
ferred E. grandifolius, Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. p. 294, of which leaves
only exist in the Kew Herbarium. The leaves are larger than ordinary. The nuts
of E. tuberculatus are worn by the Hindoos as a religious ornament.
22. E. aristatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 52 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 599 ; leaves
glabrous cuneate-obovate, stamens 40-50, anther-tails erect. Monocera
R(jxburghii, Wight Ic. i. 63. ElaBocarpus rugosus, Wall. Cat. 2659 A,
partly^ not of Roxb.
Bhotan, Booth; Silhet, Wallich; Assam, Jenkins ; Concan, Stocks.
A tree. Leaves 6-10 by 3 in., serrate, base tapering ; petiole 1 in. Racemes
nearly as long as the leaves. Flower-hucls lanceolate, ribbed. Sepals lanceolate,
pubescent. Petals wedge-shaped, deeply fringed. Filaments glabrous. Ovary villous,
2-celIed, cells 10-12-ovuled. " Drupe the size shape and colour of a large olive ;
stone oblong, pointed at both ends, rugose." — Roxb.
23. B. rug-osus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 596 ; leaves gla-
brescent shortly petioled or subsessile obovate-oblong serrate, peduncles
downy, stamens 30, anther-tails erect, drupe yellow obovoid 1-2-celled,
stone 2-edged tubercled. Wight Ic. t. 61.
Chittagong, Roxburgh; Western Peninsula, Coorg, Nilghiri Mts., Wight,
Gardner.
A tree. Leaves 6-12 by 4 in. J?acemes shcfc*ter than the leaves, spreading. Flowert
1 in. diam. Flower-buds elongate, conical. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Petals cuneate,
silky, deeply laciniate. Owar// villous 2-celled, cells 8-ovuled. Stone oblong, pointed
at both ends. — The flowers are generally smaller tlpn those of E. aristatus.
24. E. Monocera, Cav. Ic. t. 501 ; leaves glabrous cuneate-obovate
serrulate serratures apiculate, stamens 40-^0, anther-tails erect very long.
E. obtasus, Blume Bij dr. 123. ?E. venustUs, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 174.
Monocera macrocera, Zoll. ex Walp. Ami. i 112.
Assam, Griffith; ?BmM a, Kurz; Malacca, G'W^^A; ? Southern provinces of the
Western Peninsula, Beddome, — Distrib. Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines.
A tree. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., obtuse, acute or acuminate, often glandular
beneath; petiole 1-1^ in. Racemes shorter than the leaves, 3-7-flowered. Flower-buds
ovoid, acute. Sepals lanceolate. Petals cuneate, lo!)ed, pilose. Disk 10-lobed. Ovary
pubescent, 2-celled. Drupe \\ in., ovoid ; stone tubercled, 1-celled. — Beddome's
E venustus, Fl. Sylvat. t. 174, so closely resembles E. Monocera, that it may perhaps
be considered as a variety of that species. It differs, however, especially in the ovate
leaves having shorter petioles, glabrous sepals, and very short anther-tails.
25. E. punctatus, Wall. Cat. 2676 ; leaves small glabrous above
densely felted beneath oval acute entire, anther-tails long erect, drupe ovoid.
406 xxviir. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elaocarpus.
Singapore, WaHich.
A tree. Leaves 2 by 1 in., with brownisli pubescence beneath; petiole ^ in. Flower
\ in. diam. xSVpa/* lanceolate. Petals oblong, silky. Drupe 1^ in., scaly.
I have seen f)nly imperfect specimens of this, and have some doubt whether the foliage
in Herb. Wallich. does not belong to some other genus {? Fterospermum).
26. E. acuminatus, Wall. Cat 2675 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate
acuminate serrulate, racemes erect half the length of the leaves, flower buds
fusiform lanceolate, stamens numerous, anther-tails short.
Eastkbn Bengal; Assam, Silhet, and the Khasia, Wallich, &c.
A tree. Leaves 6 by If in. ; petiole |-1 in., lower ones much longer, thickened at
the apex, tiowers 4 i"- diam. iSepuls oblong-lanceolate, slightly villous. Fttals silky
outside, laciuiate at the apex. IJitik broad, lobed. Ocary subglabrous, 2-3-celled ;
ovules numerous.
27. S. fexTuglneus, Wight Ic. 206 CNIonocera\ not of Jack ; leaves
oblong-oval entire downy beneath, stamens 20, anthers shortly awned,
ovary 3-celled.— i^e<it/o;/ie Fk>r. 8ylv. t. 112.
Western Peninsula, Nilghiri, Pulney, &c. Mts., Munro, &c.
A tree. Young branches stout, covered with rusty down. Leaves 3-6 hy 1^-2 in.,
coriaceous, convex above, p<;tiule 1-2 in., villous, thickened at the apex. liacem^s
downy, shorter than the leaves, crowded at the ends of the branches. Flowers | in.
diam. Sepals lanceolate, downy. Petals silky, oblong, laciniate at the apex. Drupe
I in., ovoid; stone 1 celled, i-seeded. — The leaves are remarkably convex in all tne
specimens. This differs from .\fKcVs Monocera ferrvginea (Houk. Bot. Misc. ii. 86),
in the short putiole, and other characters.
28. Zi. cyanocarpa, Maingay mss. ; leaves glabrous lanceolate ser-
rulate shortly petioled, racemes nearly as long as the leaves, buds elliptic-
lanceolate, ovary 5-celled, drupe 3-celled.
Malacca, Main gay.
A tree. Leaves 5-6 by 1-f in.; petiole \ in. Flowers nearly 4 in. diam. /Sepals
lanceolate. ■ Petals obovate, longer than the sepals, divided halfway down into linear-
lanceolate very acute straight segments. Anthers puberulous. Ovaru villous ; stylo
much exceeding the stamens. Drupe the size of a large cherry, brignt blue ; stone
rugose, woody, 3-celled.
29. E. bracteatus, Kur2 in Flora 1871, p. 278; glabrous, leaves
obovate-obloug, bracts leafy dentate, stamens numerous, ovary villous,
stone rugose.
Martaban, Kurz.
A large tree. Leaves 5-6 in., pointed at both ends, repando-dentate ; petiole ^-1
in. Racemes axillary. Ptdiceh 1 in., glabrous; bracts ^-1 in., obovate, apparently
persistent. Sepals ^ in., linear-lanceolate, silky outside, cihate. Petals cuneate-obloiig,
bifid, lobes laciniate. Drupe the size of a plum.
30. E. ceylanicus, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323; leaves
glabrous long petioled broadly ovate acuminate, stamens numerous, anther-
tails erect. Monocera Walkerii, Wight III. i. 84 ; Thwaites Eniim. 33.
Ceylon ; Saff'ragam District, alt. 5000 ft.. Walker, &c.
A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2 iu., crenulate ; petiole 1-1 4 in. Racemes as long as
the leaves ; pedicels slender, 1^ in. Flowtr-buds lanceolate. Flowers secund, drooping.
/Sepals lanceolate. Putals densely hairy, sparingly fimbriate. Filaments pubescent.
Ovary 2-ceUed ; stone tubercied, subcylindric.
31. E. g'landulifer, Mast, ; leaves glabrous long-petioled ovate-
lanceolate undulate crenate, stamens numerous, anthers hairy, ovary
ElcBocarpus.] xxviii. tiliace^e. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 407
3-celled. Monocera glandulifera, Hook, ex Wight III. i. p. 84. Thwaites
Enum. 33.
Ceylon ; Central Provinces, 4-6000 ft., Gardner, &c.
A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 2 in., glandular beneath; petiole Ifin. Racemes shorter
than the leaves, many-flowered. Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers | in. diam., drooping.
Petals oblong, pubescent. Ovary silky, 3-celled. Drupe olive-shaped; stone 2-celle(l.
— Nearly allied to F. prunifolias and E. Munroii. The so-called saccate glands on
the under surface of the leaf are possibly the result of insect agency,
ft Anther-tails at length reflexed.
32. B. IMCunroii, Mast. ; leaves glabrous long-petioled ovate-lanceolate
acuminate, stamens 20, anther-tails, at length reflexed, drupe olive-like.
Monocera Munroii, Wigfii III. p. 84 ; Ic. t. 952.
Westekn Penixsula; Nilghiri Mts., Wight; Concan, Stocks.
A tree. Branches with prominent scars. Leaves 3 by 2 in., crenulate ; petiole 2 in.
Racemes many-flowered, scarcely as long as the leaves. Flower-huds ovoid. Fiowerg
4 in. and upwards diam., drooping. /Sepals lanceolate, acute. Anthers glabrous. Ovary
2-celled, on a raised torus. Drupe yellowish, shining, edible ; stone 1-celled.
33. E. apiculatus, Mast. ; leaves glabrous obovate acuminate minutely
serrulate base cuneate, racemes half the length of the leaves, anther-tails
reflexed, disk very small glabrescent, drupe oblong apiculate 2-celled.
Malacca, Mahajau.
A tree, 50-60 ft, Stem very thick. Leaves 6 by 2^ in. and upwards ; petiole ^in.,
thickened at both ends. Peduncles puberulous, many-flowered ; pedicels about 4 in-»
articulate at the base, dilated at the apex. Flower | in. diam. Buds oblong, obtuse.
Sepals linear-oblong, puberulous. Petals white, cuneate, 2-lobed, lobes fringed silky.
Stamens numerous. Drupe 1 in., resembling the fruit of a Diospyros.
** Petals wide at the base, narrowed towards the apex.
34. El. prunifolius, Wall. Cat. 2669 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate long-
petioled, petals nearly entire, stamens 20, anther-tails obsolete or short.
C. Mull. Anot. defam. El(jeocarp. 15.
SiLHET, Wallich; Khasia Mrs., alt. 1-3000 ft., Griffith, &c.
A tree. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1 4 in., often recurved; petiole 2 in. Racemes nearly
as long as the leaves, loose ; pedicels glabrous. Flower buds ovoid. Sepals lanceolate.
Petals deltoid, nearly entire, silky on both sides. Anthers glabrous. Ovary villous,
2-3-celled, cells 6-ovuled. Drupe |-| in., ovoid, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
35. E. paniculatus, Wall. Cat. 2663; leaves glabrous elliptic
acuminate entire, petals nearly entire silky, stamens 50, anthers and ovary
villous. C Mull. Anot. de Jam. Eloiocarp. 12, Monoceras leucobotryum,
Mici. Ft. hid. Bat. Suppl. i. 409 ; Monocera Griffithii, C. Mull. I.e.
Malacca, Mavngay ; Sincapoke, Wallich. — Distrib. Banka.
A tree. Leaves 6 by 2 in. and upwards, coriaceous, base rounded; petiole 2-3 in.,
thickened at the apex. Racemes subterminal, erect, nearly as long as the leaves.
Flower-luds ovoid, acuminate. Flowers \ in. diam. Sepals lanceolate, hoary, silky
outside. Anther-tails reflexed. Drupe ^ iu., ovoid ; stone tubercled.
36. E. Varunua, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2666 G, H ; leaves glabrous
elliptic acuminate serrulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, anthers pube-
rulous, ovary villous. 1 E. Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat. 6851.
Tropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 1-2000 ft. Assam ; Silhet,
Chittagong, and Malacca.
A tree. Leaves 3-7 by l|-3 in., base rounded ; petiole 14-3 in. Racemes axillary,
half the length of the leaves and upwards. Flower ^ in. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate,
408 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elaocarpus.
white, silky. Petals oblong fimbriate, downy outside. — The JE. Finlaysonianus doubt-
fully referred to here is a native of Siam.
37. B. pedunculatus, Wall. Cat. 2678 ; glabrous, leaves long-petioled
oblong obtuse serrulate with apiculate serratures, racemes much shorter
than the leaves, buds ovate -lanceolate, stamens few, anthers glabrous
tails very short, ovary 2-celled glabrous.
Malacca, Maingay; Singapore, Wallich.
A tree. Leaves a-4 by 1 \-\ 4 in., tapering at the base ; petiole f-1 in.'thickened ^t the
apex. Hacemes, 2-3 in. long, many-flowered, from the axils of the fallen leaves. Pedicels
downy. Flower-buds ovate-lanceolate. Floicers nodding. Sepals ovate-lanceolate,
covered with white down. Petals oblong-lanceolate, silky on both sides, fringed at the
apex. Anthers glabrous. Glands 10. Drupe | in., linear-oblong, glabrous, 1 -celled.
38. S. Griffithil, Mad.; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate glabrous,
pedicels as long as the petioles, anthers hairy, ovary subglabrous. Monocera
Griffithii, Wight III. i. p. '84, not of MiiU. M. holopetala, Zoll. ex Walp.
Ann. i. 113. M. trichanthera. Griff. Not. 518, t. 616, f. 3.
Tenasserim, Hdfer^ Griffith ; Malacca, Griffith, &c. ; Sincapore, Maingay. —
DisTBiB. Java.
A small tree. Leaves 6 by 2J in., minutely serrulate, paler beneath ; petiole
2i in., thickened at the apex. Racemes longer than the leaves, erect. Flower-buds
ovate lanceolate. Flower 4 in. diara. iSe.pids silky. Petals lanceolate, entire or
slightly laciniate. .Anther-tails rQi\Q\Qf\. Z^/>e olive-shaped, purple, 1-celled; stone
tubercled.
39. X:. Integra, Wall. Cat. 2668, and 2673; leaves long-petioled glabrous
ovate-lanceolate, racemes shorter than the leaves, anthers glabrescent tails
reflexed, ovaiy 2-celled. C. Miill. Anot. de fam. Eloeocarp. 14. Monocera
Setiolata, Jack Mai, Misc. ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 86. Monoceras petiolatuni,
(iq. FLIrid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 212. ?Elaeocarpu3 robustus, Wall. Cat. 2664 A.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay; Penano, Wallich; Tenasserim, Heifer; Silhet,
Wallich. — DisTRiB. Sumatra, Borneo.
A tree. Leaves 5-9 by 2-3 in., entire or minutely serrulate ; petiole 2-4 in.
Eacemes erect, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Flower-buds glabrous exter-
nally, ovoid, abruptly acuminate, t lowers 4 in. diam. tScpah glabrous, lanceolate. Petals
oblong- lanceolate, silky on both sides. /Stamens 20-30. Drupe | in., smooth, olive-
coloured; stone tubercled, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. — Varies in the proportion of leaf and
petiole.
Sect. IV. Acronodla. Flowers polygamous.
40. E. Acronodla, Mast. ; leaves glabrous lanceolate, anthers beardless,
ovary 2-celled. Acronodia punctata, Bliime Bijdr. 123 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. 2, 213.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Bonieo.
A tree. Leaves 2^-3 byj in., acute at both ends, apiculate ; petiole \ in. Racemes
shorter than the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam. Sepals 4-5, oblong, pointed, minutely
villous. Petals A-b, spathulate, laciniate at the ape x. i Stamens ib \ anthers beard-
less, muticous. Pistil 0. 9 StamchS as in the male, but smaller. Ovary ellij)8oid,
tubercled ; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, anatropal, raphe next the placenta.
Drwpe ^ in., oblong, obtuse, olive-coloured, smooth, by abortion 1-celled.
doubtful species.
E. Chackroula, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2674. Gualpara. Of this there is no specimen
in Wallich's Herbarium.
Maocarjms.] xxviti. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 409
E. Jackianus, Wall. Cat. 2679, not found in WalHch's Herbarium. It is said to be a
native of Sincapore, Jack.
E. LONGiFOLius, WttU. Cat. 6682, from Ava, is indeterminable. It has very long,
strap-shaped leaves, pilose along the nerves.
E. MONQCEROiDES, Wight. 111. i. p. 84. '^Leaves glabrous elliptic. Racemes lax, few-
flowered. Stamens indefinite, glabrous. Anthers pointed, beardless, shorter than the
style."
MoNOCERA FERRUGiNEA, Juch Mai. Misc. EX Hooh. Bot. Misc. ii. 86. " Leaves
oblong-ovate, acuminate, entire, under surface as also the peduncles and branchlets fer-
ruginous villous, racemes axillary shorter than the leaves. — Leaves 6-7 in., entire, with
revolute margins; petiole 2-24 in., downy. Drupe olive-shaped; nut rather smooth,
1 -seeded by abortion. Seed oblong, pointed, albumen conform, embryo inverse, coty-
ledons flat, radicle superior and much shorter than the cotyledons,"— Jack states that
he did not see the flowers.
Note on Roydsia.
At p. 180, it is stated that Roydsia parvijlora, GrifF., is a Tiliaceous plant ; this is
an error. R. parvijlora forms with R. Jlorihunda, Planch. Mss. (Cuming, Philippine
Island collection, n. 541), a subgenus of Roydsia, or a new genus closely allied to it,
of which the fruit is unknown. These plants differ from Roydsia suaveolens and R.
ohtudfolia in the linear-oblong buds, strap-shaped perianth-segments, which are imbri-
cate in two series, in the anthers being entire at the base, in the long stipes of the
ovary, subulate style with 3 minute terminal stigmas, and in the few ovules in each
cell. I would suggest the name of Alytostylis for this genus or subgenus, in allusion to
the undivided style. The Philippine Island R. jlorihunda. Planch. Mss., has flowers
nearly an inch in diameter, very many stamens, a very slender gynophore, which elon-
gates after flowering, and oblong leaves, 7-9 inches long.
There can be no doubt but that Roydsia should, as Griffith observes, form the type of
a Natural Order intermediate between Bixinece and Capparideoi. Both Roydsia and
Alytostylis differ remarkably in habit from Tiliacece.
3. Kojclsia (Alytostylis) parviflora, Griff. Notul. iv. 578; Ic.
Plant. Asiat. t. 607, f. 1 ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate,
perianth-segments ligulate obtuse.
BiRMA, in woods near the Serpentine Mines at Hookum, Griffith.
A climbing shrub. Leaves 4-7 by l|-2 in., glabrous, rather membranous, pale yellow-
green, nerves almost horizontal; petiole ^-| in., slender. Racemes \b\\oi% very pubes-
cent, axillary, and forming small terminal panicles, rachis slender; pedicels shorter than
the buds ; bracts subulate, caducous. Flowers \ in. diam., inodorous, densely tomentose;
buds oblong. Perianth divided nearly to the base into 6, biseriate, imbricate, obtuse,
strap-shaped, densely pubescent segments, that are finally recurved, not much shorter
than the stamens. Gynophore short in flower, slender. Stamens about 20, not much
exceeding the perianth-segments ; anthers not 2-fid at the base. Ovary ovoid, densely
pubescent, contracted into a stipes as long as itself, 3-celled ; style subulate, stigmas 3,
minute ; ovules about 4 in each cell.
Flowering specimens of R. obtusifolia, H, f, & T. (see p. 180), have been recently
received from Kurz, collected in Pegu. The flower-buds are very small, globose,
tomentose. Sepals 6, short, obtuse, apparently valvate, pubescent. Stamens about 18,
exceeding the perianth. Ovary glabrous, on a tomentose gynophore ; styles 3, subulate,
united at the base. — /. D. Hooker.
Order XXIX. LINE-flG. (By J. D. Hooker.)
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually alternate, simple, entire, rarely crenate-
serrate ; stipules lateral or intrapetiolar or 0, Iivfiorescence various. Flowers
regular, bisexual. Sejmls 6, rarely 4, free or connate below, imbricate.
410 XXIX. LTNE^. (J. D. Hooker.)
Petals as many, hypogynous or slightly perigynous, usually fugacious, often
contorted. Stainens 4-5 with as many interposed staminodes, or 8-10,
rarely more, filaments united at the base into a hypogynous or slightly
perigynous ring, filiform ; anthers versatile, 2-celled, Glands 5, entire or
2-lobed, usually adnate to the staminal ring, or obsolete. Ovary entire,
3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, free or more or less connate, stigmas terminal ;
ovules 1 or 2, inserted in the inner angle of the cells, anatropoas, jiendulous.
Fruit usually splitting into 3-5 cocci, rarely a drupe. Seeds 1-2 in each
cell, testa sometimes winged, albumen fiesliy or ; embryo nearly as long
as the seed, straight, rarely incurved^ cotyledons broad, radicle superior. —
DisTRiB. All regions ; genera 14, species about 135.
Teibe I. Sulinece. Pstak cJontorted, fugacious. Perfect stamens as
many as the petals. Cajisule septicidal. — Herbs rarely shrubs.
Calyx glabrous or pubescent. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled . . .1. laNUM.
Calyx glabrous. Styles 3-4. Capsule 3-4- celled 2. Reinwardtia.
Calyk setose. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, l-seeded . . . . .3. Anwadenia.
Tribe IT. Xug-onieee. Petah contorted, fugacious. Perfect stamens
2-3 times as many as the petals. Fruit a drupe. — Usually scandent shrubs,
with hooked woody tendrils formed of arrested branchlets.
Sepals subacute, tomentose, ebracteolate 4. Huqonia.
Sepals obtuse, bracteolate 5. Roucueeia.
Tribe III. Erythrozyleee. Petah imbricate, rarely contorted, with a
scale on the inner face, at length deciduous. Perfect stamens twice as many
as the petals. Fruit a drupe. — Shrubs or trees.
Pedicels axillary. Petals with a double scale 6. Erythroxyi.on.
Tribe IV. Xxonantheae. Petals contorted, persistent. Stamens 2-3-4
times as many as the petals. Caj^sule septicidal
Stamens perigynous 7. Ixonantiies.
1. Z.XNVM, Linn.
Herbs, rarely shrubby below. Leaves narrow, nuite entire ; stipules 0,
or replaced by glands. Sepals 5, quite entire. Petals 5, contorted, fugacious.
Staviens 5, often alternating with minute staminodes. Glands opposite the
petals, adnate to the staminal ring. Ovary 5-celled, cells 2-locellate, 2-ovuled ;
styles usually free, stigmas various ; ovules 10, 1 in each locellus. Capsule
5-celled, septicidally splitting into 5 simple 2-seeded or 10 l-seeded cocci.
Seeds compressed, albumen sparing ; embryo straight. — Species about 80,
most of them Mediterranean.
1. Zi. usitatisslxnuxn, Linn. ; annual, stem cylindric erect simple
below, leaves narrow sub-3-nerved, petals blue, styles quite free, stigmas
linear-clavate, capsule scarcely exceeding the narrowly white-margined,
acuminate sepals. Wall. Cat. 1504; Don Prodr. 217 ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 110;
Gibs, a; Dalz. Bomb. Fl. SuppL 16; BC. Prodr. 217 ; W. d: A. Prodr. 134.
L. trinervium, Roth Nov. Sp. 187.
Cultivated chiefly for oil throughout India, up to 6000 ft., in the Himalaya. — Distrib.
Westwards to the Atlantic.
Stems 2-4 ft,, often solitary, corvmbosely branched above. Leaves linear or lanceo-
late, without stipular glands. Flowers 1 in. diam., in broad cymes. Sepals ovate,
acuminate, 3-nerved, eglandular, margins ciliate or not. — The Indian plant has the
Linum.] xxix. line^. (J. D. Hooker.) 411
ciliated axile margins of the carpels of L. humile, Mill., and the crenate petals (Roxb.)
and smooth leaf-margins of L. usitatissimum, and is thus intermediate between these
supposed species. Roth's specimens of trinerv'mm (from Herb. Rottler) are from a garden ;
they are very imperfect, but clearly Z. usltatissimum.
2. Zi. perenne, Linn. ; perennial, stems many from the roots, leaves all
lanceolate or lower oblong obtuse and upper linear acute, petals blue entire,
styles quite free, stigmas subcapitate, capsule much longer than the white-
margined sepals.
Western Tibet, alt. 9-13,000 ft., Hh. Boyle, Munro, &c. ; Lahul, Jaeschke. —
DisTEiB. Westwards to the Canaries.
Stem 1-3 ft. high. Leaves |-| in., without stipular glands. Cymes few-flowered,
racemose, blowers 1 in. broad. /Sepals ovate or obovate, 3-5-nerved. Capsule as
large as a pea, on a slender pedicel. Sepals with glandular margins.
Var. Stocksianum, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 865 ; more glaucous, cymes very few-
flowered. L. Stocksianum, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, i. 98. — Scarcely different from the
type.
3. Zi. strictum, Linn. ; annual, leaves linear linear-oblong or lanceo-
late 1 -nerved margins and keel scab rid, petals yellow, styles quite free
stigmas capitate, capsule globose shorter than the long acuminate sepals.
Boi8S. Fl. Orient, i. 852.
Var. corymbulosum, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot., vii. 476 ; corymbs lax-
flowered, pedicels longer than the calyx. L. corymbulosum, Beichh.; Boiss. Fl. Orient.
i. 852.
Ihe Punjab hills, &c., extending to Peshawur and Marri, Jacqiiemont, &c.
Western Tibet, alt. 10,000 ft.. Falconer, &c. — Distrib. From Soongaria to N. Africa
and Italy.
A slender annual, perhaps at times biennial, usually corymboseiy branched above,
glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Leaves |-| in., acuminate, without stipular glands.
Flowers ^-f in. diam., shortly pedicelleJ, in corymbose cymes. Sepals with very long
rigid green points, about equaUing the pedicels, margins glandular. Capsule ^ in.
diam., globose — Cultivated in Affghanistan for oil and fodder, and not for flax {Griffith,
It. Notes, 313).
4. Xi. mysorense, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 1507 ; annual, stem corymboseiy
branched above, leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong narrowed at the base
obtuse or acute 3-nerved, petals yellow small but exceeding the calyx, styles
connate below stigma capitate, capsule about equalling the ovate acute
sepals. W. (& A. Frodr. i. 134; Thwaites Enurn. '2.6 \ Benth. in Bot. Reg.
under tab. 1326 ; Dalz. (^ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 16. L. humile, Heyne mss.
L. trinerviura, Lferb. Rokenhack, not of Both.
Exposed hills of the VVestern Peninsula, from theConcan, Kandalla and the Deccan
to the Nilghiris. Western Himalaya, Garwhal, alt., 3-5000 ft., Jacquemont, Boyle,
&c. Ceylon, alt. 4-6000 ft., Thwaites.
A small slender glabrous herb, usually much corymboseiy branched above. Leaves
^-| in., variable in breadth and somewhat in form, without stipular glands. Flowers
I in. diam , in panicled corymbs, the branches of which elongate as unilateral cymes in
fruit. Sepals with white eglandular margins and short points. Filaments connate
below, dilated above. Capsule | in. diam., globose.
2. REINWARDTZA, Dumort.
Undershrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire or crenate-serrate ; stipules
minute, subulate, caducous. Flowers yellow, in axillary and terminal
cyniose fascicles, rarely solitary. Sepals 5, quite entire, lanceolate, acuminate.
Petals 5, contorted, fugacious, much longer than the sepals. Stamens 5, hy-
412 XXIX. LiNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Reinivardtia.
pogynous, connate below, alternating with as many interposed subulate
staminodes. Glands 2-3, adnate to the staminal ring. Ovary 3-5-celled,
cells 2-locellate ; styles 3-4, filiform, free or connate below, stigmas sub-
capitate ; ovules 1 in each locellus. Capmle globose, splitting "into 6-8
cocci Seed& reniform. — Distrib. The following are the only "species.
1. R. trigryna, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot vii 522; leaves
elliptic-obovate with the tip rounded or elliptic and subacute quite entire or
minutely crenate-serrate, styles 3 free or connate at the base. R indica,
Dumort. Comm. Bot. 19. R. repens, Planch. I.e. 523. Linum trigynum, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 110; ISmitk Exot. Bot. 31, t. 17; Bot, Mag. t. 1100; Wail. Cat. 1505;
W.d'A.Prodr. 134. L. repens, Don Prod r. 217. Macrolinum trigynum, /^cicM.
Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. 68. ICittelocharis trigyna, Alef. in Bot. Zeit. 1863, 282.
Hilly parts of India, from the Punjab eastwards to Sikkim, ascending to 6000 ft.
Behar, Assam, and CHrrxAGONO, and southwards from the Bombay Ghats to the
NiLGHIRI HILLS.
A tufted glabrous undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, with erect and prostrate rooting terete
rather stout soft branches. Leaves 1-3 in., narrowed into slender petioles, usually
rounded and mucronate at the tip, and then quite entire, but sometimes acute or even
suddenly acuminate, and then nunutcly crcnate-s<Trate. Florvers often 1 in. diam., but
variable iu number, size, lenj^th of pedicel, and of sepals, which are sometimes § in.
long. Capsule shorter than the sepals, the size of a small pea. — If, as is prol)able, this
and the following species are varieties of one, Dumortier s name of B. indica should
be retained for both.
2. R. tetrag'ynaf Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 523 ; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate, styles 3-4 united below.
R. trigyna, JJalz. <{r Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 1(5. Linum tetragynum, Cokb. in
Wall. Cat. 1506; Bmth. in Bot. Peg. under tafj. 1326. L. Cicanobum, Bon
Prodr. 217.
In the same regions as B. trigyna, but usually in damper localities.
Easily distingui-shed from the common type of E. trigi/n/i by the much larger lanceo-
late leaves, and more numerous styles, but variable in the Ibrmer respect, and I suspect
that the two are varieties of one. — 1 have a note to the efl'ect that 6 styles occur.
3. ANZSADENIA, Wall.
Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or somewhat whorled at the top of the
stem, coriaceous, serrate ; stipules intrapetiolar, striate. Flowers in ter-
minal si)ike-like racemes, white or pink ; bracts minute, coriaceous, concave,
grooved, caducous, pedicels at length reflexed. ISejms 5, lanceolate, cori-
aceous, strongly nerved, 3 outer with spreading gland-tipped bristles,
2 inner glandular. Petals 5, contorted, fugacious. Stamens 5, hypogynous,
filaments connate below, alternating with interposed staminodes. Glands
usually 3, adnate to the staminal tube, one very large. Ow/ry 3-celled;
styles 3, stigmas terminal ; ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Capsule oblong,
membranous, indehiscent ? l-seeded. i'^eed oblong, testa adherent to the
thin albumen ; embryo straight, green, cotyledons plano-convex. — Distrib.
The following are the only species.
1. A. saxatllis, Wall. Cat. 1510; stem glabrous leafy at the summit,
leaves 2-5-in. glabrous above sparingly pubescent or glabrous beneath.
A. Khasyana, Grijf. NotuL iv. 534 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 593 {middle Jig are).
Central and Eastern Temperate Himalaya ; Nipal, Sikkim, alt, 6-8000 ft., and
the Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft.
Stem curved at the base, ascending, rather stout, ofien 1 ft. long below the foliage,
Anisadenia] xxix. line^. (J. D. Hooker.) 413
always simple, lower part often creeping. Leaves approximate, spreading, elliptic-
lanceolate, acuminate, glaucous beneath, margin quite entire or obscurely waved or
crisped. Baceme 2-5 in. long, quite simple. Flowers \-^ di&m., pink ; pedicel very
short. Calyx ^ in. long.
2. A. pubescens, Griff. Notul. iV. 535 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 593 {right hand
figure) ; stem pubescent leafy all the way up, leaves \-\\ in. with appressed
hairs above siikily villous beneath.
Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.
More slender than A. saxatilis, stem elongate, prostrate, often much-branched;
branches including the racemes 6-15 in. Leaves alternate, whitish beneath, elliptic,
acute at both ends, margin quite entire, sometimes undulate, nerves very oblique ; petiole
\-^ in. Raceme very slender, simple above, the lower peduncles 2-3-flowered, short,
erect, and as well as the rachis tomentose. Calyx \ in. long, gland-tipped hairs more '
robust than in A. saxatilis. Flowers 4 in. diam., white, much larger than iu A. saxa-
tilia^.
4. KUGONIA, Linn.
Climbing, often tomentose shrubs. Leaves alternate, serrate, stipulate.
Injiorescence various ; flowers yellow, lower peduncles converted into spiral
hooks. Sepals 5. Petals 5, contorted, fugacious. Stamens 10, hypogynous,
with glandular swellings on the basal ring betw^een the filaments,
which are connate below. Ovary 5-celled ; styles 5, filiform, stigmas
capitate ; ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Drupe globose. Seeds com-
pressed, albuminous ; embryo straight or slightly curved, cotyledons flat. —
DiSTRiB. Tropical Asia and Africa ; species about 6.
1. K. IMCystax, Linn. ; leaves elliptic-obovate or obovate-oblong obtuse
or subacute quite entire reticulate on both surfaces. Wall. Gat. 1201 ;
W.<So A.Prodr. 72; Wight III. l^,i. 32; Planch, in Hook Lond. Journ.
Bot. vii. 624; Bah. ^ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 17. ' H. obovata, Ham. in Trans,
Linn. Soc. xiv. 205. — Rheede Hort. Mai. ii. t. 19.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Travancor. Ceylon.
A rambling leafy shrub ; branches, tendrils, and sepals densely clothed with brown
tomentnm. Leaves crowded, 1^-24 in., rather thin, nerves spreading; stipules subulate,
undivided. Flowers 1-1 ^ in. diam., terminal and in the upper axils, shortly pedicelled,
yellow. Stamens alternately long and short. Fruit globose, shorter than the sepals.
2. K. ferrugfinea, W. d' A. Prodr. 72 ; leaves elliptic long acuminate
quite entire densely siikily villous beneath, veins arched not reticulate.
Ceylon, hotter and drier parts of the island.
A rambling or climbing shrub ; branches, tendrils, and sepals densely velvety. Leaves
2-5 by 1^-2 in., rather coriaceous, finely silky above when young, glabrous when old,
midrib and arched nerves strong ; stipules subulate. Flowers about half the size of
those of H. Mystax.
5. ROUCKERIA, Planch.
Erect or climbing trees or shrubs with revolute woody tendrils. Leaves
quite entire or glandular-serrate, coriaceous, penninerved ; stipules minute,
caducous. Flowers axillary, yellow, subsessile, or in excessively short
fascicled spikes; pedicels oracteolate, Sepals 5. Petals 5, hypogynous,
contorted, fugacious. Stamens 10, all fertile, filaments connate into a short
tube below. Glands obsolete. Ovarij 3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, filiform,
stigmas cuneate, 2-lobed ; ovules 2, collateral. Drupe scarcely fleshy, sub-
globose ; stone 3-6-angled, bony, cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds compressed, pen-
dulous ; albumen rather fleshy, embryo with foHaceous cotyledons and an
elongate radicle. — Distrib. 3 or 4 species, one or more Malayan and Bornean,
and 2 from Guiana.
414 XXIX. LINE.S:. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rmcheria,
1. R>. GriflBltliiana, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. vi. 143, vii.
527 ; leaves lanceolate or elliptic- or obiWate-lanceolate obtusely caudate-
acuminate crenate-serrate, drupe 1 -celled 1 -seeded.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.
A climbing slirub, perfectly glabrous. Leaves 3-5 in., alternate, coriaceous, compli-
cate, shining above, nerves few, arched; petiole ^ in., slender. Flowers \\u. ^\\i\n\.,
7-8 in a cluster ; pedicels very short, densely bracteate. Petals narrow, very fugacious.
Drupe the size of a small pea. — There cannot be much doubt of this constituting the
genus Sarcotheca, Blume, though he describes the calyx as ebracteate, the ovules as
superposed, and the fruit as a bacciform capsule, dehiscing by 5 apical fissures.
6. BRirTKROXVIiON, Linn.
Shrubs or small trees, usually quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, quite
entire, often subdistichous ; stipules intrapetitdar, often imbricating on
short arrested leafless branche.s. Flowers axillary, small, white or pink,
solitary or fascicled ; peduncles bracteolate, jSa/xtls 5, rarely 6, free or
connate. Petals 5, hypogynou.s, deciduous, with an erect double ligula on
the inner face, imbricate. JStaniejis 10, rarely 12, filaments united into a
glandular or eglandular tube. Ova?'// 3- rarely 4-celled ; styles 3, rarely 4,
free or connate (connate in all Indian species), stigmas capitate; ovules 1,
rarely 2 in each cell. Drupe l-celled, 1-seeded. Seed with a tiiin testa,
albumen variable in quantity or ; embryo straight, cotyledons plano-
convex, radicle short. — Distrib. Species about 50, four-fifths of them
American, and almost all tropical. The Indian species are not easy of
discrimination.
* Leaves glaucous brown beneath when dry.
1. S. monog'jnum, JRoxb. Cor. PL i. t. 88 ; Flor. Ind. ii. 449 ;
leaves 1-2 by 1-1 in. obovate or elliptic- or cuneate-obovate tip rounded
hardly shining above pale glaucous brown beneath when dry, nerves
oblique much reticulated, peduncles \ — \ in. E. indicum, Beddome Flor.
8ylvat. t. 81. Sethia indica, DC. Frodr. i. 576 ; Wall. Cat. 6848 ; W. <h A.
Frodr. 106; Wight III. t. 48.
Hilly parts of the Western Peninsula, Bottler, &c. ; Ceylon, in hot dry parts of the
Island.
A shrub with pale bark. Leaves the smallest of the Indian species, always more or
less cuneate-obovate, the primary nerves hardly distinguishable from the secondary,
and these last not connected w^ith an evident intramarginal one ; petiole sometimes 4 in.
— The Ceylon specimens have larger leaves and longer pedicels. This is very closely
aliied to, if not identical with, an Eastern African species.
2. E. Kunthianum, Wall. Cat. 6849 (Sethia ?) ; leaves 2^-31 by
f-lj in. elliptic-lanceolate rarely elliptic-obovate acute or acuminate
rarely obtuse or rounded at the tip opaque above pale glaucous-brown
beneath when dry with a reddish midrib, nerves sub-horizontal very faint.
? E. Kunthianum, Kitrz in Jouni. Beng. Asiat. Soc. xli. pt. ii. 294.
Eastern Bengal, and Khasia hills, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; ? Martaban, Kurz.
A shrub, 3-6 ft. Leaves very faintly reticulate on both surfaces, the secondary
nerves not collected into an obvious intramarginal nerve ; petiole very short. Drupe
4 in. long, slender, equalling the pedicel. — 1 have not seen Kurz's specimens.
Var. ? Parishii; leaves smaller \\ in. acute pale with more prominent nerves. —
Top of Thounggyun in Moulmein, Parish.
3. IS. burmanlcum, Griff. Notuliv. 468 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 581, f. 3
{flower); a tree, leaves 1-2| by |-li in. obovate oblong or obovate very
Erythroxylon.] xxix. line^. (J. D. Hooker.) 415
obtuse or emarginate glaucous beneath nerves horizontal faint not forming
an intramarginal nerve, pedicels \-\ in. solitary or geminate. E. suma-
tranum, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. ^iippl i. 572. E. retusum, ^ai^r ex Teysm.
<k Binnend. in Tydschr. v. Naturch. Ver. Ned. Ind. xxviii. 71 {according
to Kurz).
Eastern Peninsula, Tenasserim, and Andaman Islds., Htlfer; Mergui, Griffith;
Malacca, Griffith, 3Iaivgay ; Penang, Phillips. — Distrib. Sumatra.
Very near to E. Ktmthianum, but with more obovate and more obtuse leaves ; it is
further described as a tall tree, whilst the Khasia plant is a mere bush. The Penang
and some Malaccan specimens have much smaller leaves than the Mergui ones. — I have
seen no Sumatran specimens.
** Leaves not glaucous beneath, but more or less shining on both sur-
faces.
4. E. lanceolatum, Wight III. i. 136 (Sethia) ; leaves 2-4 by |-in.
elliptic-lanceolate obtuse shining on both surfaces nerves oblique, pedun-
cles i-f in. very slender. Sethia lanceolata, Thwaites Eniim. 54.
S. erythroxyloides, Wight, I.e.
AVestern Peninsula; Courtallum, Wight; Ceylon, banks of streams, Galagama dis-
trict, alt. 2-3000 ft., Thwaites, &c.
An erect branchina: shrub. Leaves sometimes slightly contracted towards the base,
nerves not connate into a distinct intramarginal one ; petiole ^^-g in. — Wight's var.
obtusifolivm and his S. erythoxyloides are hardly distinguishable ; the latter is a
short-styled form, with alternately longer stamens ; another form with longer styles and
shorter stamens occurs ; as is the case with the two following species ; — all are no doubt
dimorphous.
5. E. lucidum, Moon Cat. Ceyl. PI. 36; leaves 2-3 by |-1 in.
elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate opaque or shining above
shining beneath nerves nearly horizontal, pedicels J^-i in. Sethia acu-
minata, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 324; Wight III. i. 135; Thwaites
Enum. 54.
Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, alt. 1000 ft., Walker.
This differs from E. lanceolatum in the long points to the comparatively
broader leaves, which have furthermore horizontal nerves ; and in the short stout
peduncles. Thwaites notices two forms of flower, one {stylosa) with the alternate
stamens longer, and a shorter style ; the other {staminea) with equal stamens and a
longer style. — The expressed juice of the fresh leaves is given by the Cinghalese as an
anthelmintic to children. There is a very similar species to this, a variety of it, in
Borneo.
6. E. obtusifoliuxn, Thivaites Enum. 54 ; leaves 2-3| by l^-lf in.
obovate-obtuse or broadly oblong tip rounded or obtusely pointed rather
shining on both surfaces nerves rather oblique elevated, pedicels short
stout.
Ceylon; Central Provinces, alt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites.
I follow Thwaites in retaining this as a distinct species, though I can scarcely doubt
its being a broad-leaved state of E. lanceolatum, its nerves are less oblique however.
It occurs under the two forms of long stamens and short style and vice versa. Fruit
in Thwaites's drawing ^ in. long, linear-oblong, straight, red. Thwaites refers to this
the 8. lanceolata, var. obtusifolia of Wight, which is, however, clearly a very trifling
variety of /S. lanceolatum.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
E. S1DER0XYL0IDE8, Lomlc. This is a Mauritian species, mentioned by Roxburgh (ii.
449) as having been sent from Ceylon to the Botanic Garden of Calcutta by General
Macdowall, and as being also a native of Coromandel. As no description is given I
cannot say to which of the above Roxburgh's Coromandel species it should be referred.
416 XXIX. LiNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ixonanthes.
7. IXONANTKSS, Jack (Ixionanthes, Auct.)
Glabrous trees, turning black in drying. Leaves alternate, entire or cre-
nate-serrate, nerves reticulate ; stipules minute or 0. Flowers small, in
axillary cymose dicliotomous peduncled panicles. Sej^als 5-6, shortly connate
at the base. Petals 5-6, perigynous, contorted, persistent, hardened round
the fruit. Stamens 10-JiO, inserted on the outside of a perigynous annular
or cupular eglandular disk. Ovfiry free, 5-6-celled, cells sometimes
2-locellate ; style simple, stigma capitate lobed ; ovules two in each cell.
Capsule coriaceous or woody, oblong or conic, septicidal, carpels opening
inward. Seeds (according to Griffith) winged or crowned with a mitri-
form aril, albumen fleshy ; embryo lateral, cotyledons foliaceous, radicle
superior.— DiSTRiB. Species 6-8, all tropical Asiatic, and chiefly Ma-
layan.
1. Z. ioosandra, Jack Mai. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. l 154 •
leaves obovate or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire or crenate narrowea
into a very short petiole, stamens 10-20, capsule I by \ in. very narrow
ovoid. Miq. Fl. hid. Bat i. pt. 2, 494. I. dodecandra, Griff. Plant.
Cantor. 12. Gordonia ? peduncularis, Wall. (7«^ 4409. Hypericinea dentata,
Wall. Cat. 4832. Pierotia lucida, Blume Mm. Bot. i. 180. Brewstera
crenata, Boem. Syn^J^s. i. 141. Macharisia icosaudra. Planch, mss. — Griff.
Notid. iv. 498 ; fc. PI. Asiat. t. 589, f. 2.
Penano, WalUch; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Sincapobb, Lohh. — Distrib.
Sumatra.
A small tree. Leaves 3-7 by 14~2 in., very variable, always narrowed into the
petiole, which varies from -nj— 4 i"-i brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, margins
thickened, nerves very slender almost horizontal, tip obtuse rounded or emarginate.
Peduncles slender, straight, often e.xceeding the leaves. Flowers about ^ in. long.
— Without authentic specimens the identity of this with Jack's plant cannot be veri-
fied. Though it ditTcrs from his descripticm in the usually small leaves, and in the often
fewer stamens, I have followed my predecessors in referring it to his /. icosandra. Jack
desoribes the flowers as 5-6-,merous. The pedicels appear to elongate very much as
the bud advances, and up to the ripening of the fruit. Ihere are perhaps two varieties,
one with peduncles shorter than the leaves, and longer pedicels.
2. Z. ouneata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Sitppl. i. 484 ; leaves oblong-spathu-
late or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire or crenate narrowed into a very
short petifde, cymes peduncled, stamens about 10, capsule turgid a— | by
\ in. broadly ovoid.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra.
I retain this species with great doubt, the foliage and flowers appear to be identical
with those of 7. icosandra, but the capsule is very mijch broader for its length. 1 have
seen two Sumatran specimens thus named by Miouel himself, of which one alone has
these broad capsules ; the other appears to be in tnis as in every other respect, identical
with I. icosandra. Miquel does not describe the capsule, and I hence do not know
which he meant to be I. cuneata.
3. Z. khasiana, Hook. f. ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate
quite entire narrowed into a slender petiole, nerves very oblique, peduncles
slender shorter than the leaves, cymes dense-flowered. Hypericinea pedun-
culosa. Wall. Cat. 4826.
Khasia Mts., F. de Silva.
Similar in habit to /. icosandra, but the leaves are of a totally different shape, much
more membranous, and the flowers are twice as large. Leaves 3-4^ in., membranous ;
Ixo7ianthes.\ xxix. lineje. (J. D. Hooker.) 417
iiei-ves numerous, oblique ; petiole 4-| in. Peduncles shorter: than the leaves. Flowers
^ in. diam. Stamens 10.
4. Z. obovata, Hook. f. ; leaves broadly obovate rounded at the apex
sinuate-crenate narrowed into a slender petiole nerves nearly horizontal,
stamens 12 or more, capsule (unripe) \ by \ in, narrow ovoid.
Eastern Peninsula ; Singapore, Lohh.
A very distinct species, easily recognised by the broad flat obovate leaves, 2-4 by
\\rl\ in., with nearly horizontal nerves, the tip is rounded and often emarginate, and
the margins have long very shallow crenatures. Fedaiwles very slender, equalling or
exceeding the k-aves ; cymes rather crowded. Flowers about the size of those of /.
icosandra.
5. Z. reticulata, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. No. 7, 51; leaves elliptic-oblong
obtuse quite entire scarcely narrowed into the slender petiole nerves arching
much reticulated on both surfaces, peduncles very stout, stamens 10, cap-
sule 1-li by I in. ovoid, valves grooved at the back. Grijjith Plant.
Cantor 11. Hypericinea macrocarpa. Wall. Cat. 4833. Gordonia decandra,
lioxb. Fl. hid. ii. 573 ; Wall Cat. 4408.
Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Maingay ; Singapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Sumatra.
Leaves, 3-5 by 1^-2^ in.; petiole 1 in., very slender. Peduncles shorter than or
equalling the leaves. /Sepals in fruit ^ in. long, very thick. — Wallich's specimens h ive
a shorter, more turgid capsule than Maingay's, and more shining leaves, with a de-
cidedly recurved margin. This accords best with Jack's description of 7. reticulata,
though, as with /. icosandra, its identity cannot be satisfactorily ascertained. It
differs in the leaves not having very thickened margins, and not being glaucous beneath.
It approaches the /. cMnensis, but the fruit is very much larger, and may be identified
with a Bornean species, of which, however, I have seen no fruit.
Order XXX. MALPIGHIACE^. (By J. D. Hooker.)
Trees or shrubs, often climbing. Leaves (in the Indian genera) opposite,
quite entire ; stipules small or 0. Inflorescence axillary or terminal ; pedicels
articulate, usually 2-bracteolate. Flowers middling sized or small, white or
yellow, more rarely red yellow or blue, hermaphrodite, regular or irregular.
Calyx usually 5-partite ; segments imbricate or valvate, 1 or more (never all)
furnished with a large gland, rarely eglandular {Asjndopterys). Petals 5,
clawed or not, often fimbriate, imbricate. Disk obscure. Stamens 10,
Ijypogynous or subperigynous, equal or 1 or more much larger than the
others, filaments free or connate below, anthers 2-lobed. Ovary 3-celled ;
styles 1-3, straight or circinate, stigmas capitate or punctiform or lateral ;
ovules solitary in each cell, niicropyle superior, raphe ventral. Fruit (in the
Asiatic genera) of one or more winged samaras. Seed exalbuminous; embryo
straight or curved, radicle superior.— Distrib. A very large American Order,
scantily represented in Africa and still more so in Asia ; genera about 50,
species about 600.
Styles 1 rarely 2.
Calycine glands minute or 1, Tristellateia.
Calycine gland 1, large, aduate to the pedicel 2. Hiptaqe.
Styles 3.
Calycine glands 3. Aspidopteeys.
VOL. I. E E
418 XXX. MALPiGHiACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Tfistellateia.
1. TRISTSZjJliATSX^, Tlumars.
Woody -climbers. Leaves opposite or whorled ; petiole 1-2-glandiilar at
the top ; stipules minute. Flowers yellow, in terminal or lateral racemes.
Cali/x 5-partite, eglandular, or with minute glands. Petals 5-clawed.
Stainens 10, all perfect ; filaments rigid, truncate and articulate at the top ;
anthers acute. Ovary 3-lobed; styles 1-3, slender, one or more reduced to
small papillae. 7i*/;>c carpels 3, each with about 3 or more wings, the whole
forming a stellate fruit, ^eed obovoid, testa membranous ; cotyledons Heshy,
hooked.— DisTBiB. About 8 species, natives of tropical Africa, Asia, and
Australasia.
I. T. australa«lca, A. I^i-h. SeH. Astral. 38, t. 15; Benth. Flor.
Austral, i. £b<;. rialynenia laurifolium, W. d' A. in Ed'm. New Phil.
Jomii. 1833, 179 ; Prodr. 107.
Eastern ARcmPELAOO ; Sincapore, Htrh. Wight, &c.— DrsxRiB. Eastwards to New
Ireland.
Glabrous. Leaves 2-4 in., ovate or elliptic, acute, membranous, quite entire; petiole
1- or eglandular. Racemes terminal, 4-6 in. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; pedicels opposite,
minutoh' 2-brHCteolate below the middle. Petals ovatecordate, claw slender. Fruit
4 in. diam. ; carpel-winga coriaceous, spreading and recurved, linear oblong, vertically
compressed. — Wight's specimens, stated in the Prydromus to be from Ceylon, were
from Sincapore.
2. KZPTAGS, Gaertner.
Climbing or suberect shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, coriaceous,
eglandular, or with a row of remote intramarginal glands beneath ; stipules
0. Racemes terminal or axillary, simple or compound ; ])eduncles erect,
bracteate, articulate with the 2-bracteolate pedicels. Flowers white, fra-
grant, the 6th petal discoloured. Calyx 5-partite ; glands large, adnate
to the pedicel. Petals 5, clawed, unequal, silky. Stamens 10, declinate, all
fertile, one much the largest, filaments connate at the base. Ovary 3-lobed,
lobes appendiculate ; styles 1-2 circinate, the others rudimentary, stigmas
1 or 2. Fruit of 1-3, 2-3-winged samaras. Seed subglobose ; cotyledons
thick, unequid. — Distmb. Four species, all tropical Asiatic.
1. K. PSadablota, Cartn. Fruct. ii. 169, t. 116 ; branches stout, leaves
4-(; in. obh/ug or oviite-lanceolate acuminate or cordate-acuminate, racemes
with densely apjtressed pubescence, flowers |-1 in. diam., carpels with a
36t<. Banisteria bengalensis, Linn. B. unicapsularis, Lamk. B. tetraptera,
Sonnerat Voy. ii. t. 135. — liheede Ilort. Mai. vi. t. 59.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, from Jamu and Sindh to Birma, Malacca,
and Ceylon. — Distrib. China, Java.
•A tall chmber, glabrous except the joung parts and inflorescence, which are hoary
or appressed-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in., coriaceous, petioled, shining above. Racemes
1-6 in., axillary, usually forming a leafy panicle. Flower ^-i in. diam., fragrant,
Avhite. Sepals obtuse. Pttals twice as long, fimbriate, 5th petal yellow at the base.
Wivg-^ of carpels oblong, coriaceous, inner 1-2 in. linear-oblong, outer narrower shorter
fipieading. — G. obtusijolia, DC, a native of China and Birma, diflers chiefly in its
smaller size.
Hiptage.] xxx. malpighiaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 419
2. H. parvifolla, W.<fc A. Prodr, 107, excl. syn, ; branches and shoots
elongate twiggy, leaves about 3 in. elliptic acute or acuminate glabrous,
racemes with appressed pubescence, flowers \ in. diam., carpels usually
without the additional wing. Gaertnera laurifolia, Herb. Madr. ex Wall.
Cat 7265.
Western Peninsula; Mysore, ^ottZer; Courtallum, Wight; Ceylon, hot and dry
parts of the Island, Gardner, &c.
Smaller in all its parts than H. Madablota, and with usually two styles ; the pubes-
cence of the inflorescence is appressed, in which respects it differs from H. sericea.
3. H. sericea, Rook. f. ; branchlets short slender, leaves about 2-3 in.
elliptic or ovate acuminate glabrous, racemes short laxly soft tomentose or
villous, flowers \-\ in. diam., carpels with an intermediate ridge. H. parvi-
flora, Wight. Cat. 358. Clerodendon sericeum. Wall. Cat. 1824.
Eastern Peninsula; Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingty.
Branches and inflorescence clothed with soft brown villous pubescence. Leaves
always small. Racemes axillary and terminal, short, dense-flowered ; pedicel much
thickened from beneath the flower downwards. — The habitat of Ceylon given by Wight
and Arnott is, no doubt, an error, originating with that respecting Tristellateia
atbstraladca.
4. K. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 1065 ; branches stout woody scabrid,
leaves 3-4 in. lanceolate acuminate glabrous, racemes short dense clothed
with thick brown tomentum, flowers | in. diam., fruit unknown.
Khasia Mts , at Churra, alt. 4000 ft., Gomez, &c.
A bushy den!-e shrub. Leaves coriaceous, usually caudate-acuminate : nerves very
oblique, few, arched, reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole short, stout. Bacemes much
shorter than the leaves, sometimes corymbose. — A chain of very fine reticulate nerves
borders the leaf beneath, in which are often (not always) remote deeply impressed
points or glands.
5. K. candicans, Hook. f. ; branchlets slender and with the leaves
beneath clothed witli soft fine white cottony pubescence, leaves on young
shoots 1-2 in. oblong or orbicular on old 4-5 in. elliptic-oblong, carpels with
no intermediate ridge or wing. Flacourtiacea, Wall. Cat. 9020.
BiRMA ; banks below Yenangheum, Wallich; sandy woods in the Kivakdwong, above
Bamo, Griffith.
A very distinct species, apparently scandent or sarmentose ; the shoots with sm.ill
rounded leaves resemble the pinnate leaves of a Leguminous climber. Thi leaves are of
a very pale colour, rather shining on the upper surface, and all obtuse or apiculate ;
the nerves are indistinct. There are no flowers, and only imperfect fruits, which Are
pubescent.
excluded species.
Hiptage, Wall. Cat. 9029, from Herb. Heyne, is Terminalia paniculata.
3. ASFIDOPTHRYS, A. Juss.
Shrubs, usually climbing. Leaves opposite, eglandular, quite entire;
stipules 0. Flowers in simple or compound axillary and terminal panicles ;
peduncles bracteate, jointed at the top, pedicels often minutely 2-bracteo-
late. Flowers small, yellovsj or white. Calyx short, 5-partite, eglandular.
Petals 5, not clawed, spreading or reflexed, quite entire. iStameris 10, all
perfect, filaments connate or distinct at the base. Ovary 3-lobed, lobes
flattened at the back, sides winged ; styles 3, glabrous, stigmas capitate.
Fruit of 1-3 samaras; nucleus sometimes crested or winged at the back, and
£ e2
4L'0 XXX. MALPiGHiACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Asjndojytcrys.
surrounded with a broad oblong or orbicular wing. Seeds oblong, subterete ;
embryo straiglit, cotyledons equal, radicle sliort.— Distkib. Species about
15 ; all tropical Asiatic.
* Leaves glabrous beneath^ or nearly so.
1. A. Roxburg'Iilana, A. Jnss. in Archiv. Mus. Hut. Nat. iii. 511 ;
wlioots usually glal)r()us, inflorescence nisty-tomentose, leaves ovate or
elliptic-ovate acuminate, midrib beneath glabrous or pubescent, ovary
hiiiry, samara linear-oblong, nucleus not doriially winged or keeled.
Hiraea indica, Roxb, Hort. Bmg. 90 ; Fl. Ind. \\. 448 ; Cor. IH. il IGO ; Wall.
ri. As. Rar. i. 13. Aspidopteris oxypbylla, A. Juss. Lc. 510. Hiraea oxy-
phylla, Wall. Cat. 7264 (a more slender form).
SiKKiM H1MAI.AYA, MisHMiand Kiiasu Mrs., alt. 1-5000 ft., Bikma^ Saluen river,
Wallich; Western Peninsula, Caknatic, Okissa, and Concan.
A slender climber. Leaves 3-4 in., variable in brc/idth, acute or rounded at the
base, unders'nfKce when very young sHj^htly pubcscfut, when old quite glabrous or
the centre only; pttiole ^-^ in., glabrous or pubescent. Panicles etliiso, nisty-
tiinientose. Flowers J in. diani. Fruit variable, much narrower in the Peninsular
than in the Bengal specimens.-;-! have given the Bombay habitat on the authority of
the Bombay Flora.
Var. 1. Samara 2 by 4 in. sides nearly parallel. — Western Peninsula.
Var. 2. Samara 1^-2 by ^-1 in. mure elliptic-oblong often narrowed either above
or below. A. jrlabriuscula, A. Juss. Ix. 511 ; Hirtea glabriuscula, Wall. Cat. p. 260,
6626 — Khasia Mts., Sikkim.
Var. 3. Leaves more rounded, samara H by ^-H in- — Assam.
.I«i8sicu describes the ovary of Var. 2 as glabrous, but it is clothed with deciduous
hairs, as in all the vars. Wallich's Assam specimen under this name is referable to
A. ntUans.
2. A. cozicava, A. Juss. in Archiv. Mus. Jli^t. Nat. iii. 509 ; shoots
glabrous, leaves ovate obtuse or obtusely-acuminate quite glabrous, buds
rusty -tomentose, samaras orbicular very membranous transparent very
concave, nucleus winged in the concavity. Hiraja concava, Wall. PI. As.
Bar. i. 13; Cat. I06L H. Merguensis, WiyhtJU. i 139.
Birma, at Martaban, Wallich; Texasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.
1 have seen only imperfect epecimens, Wallich's are in young bud only ; GriflBth's
in old fruit. Leaves 3-4 in. ; petiole quite glabnxis. FruU on very long capillary
pedicels, 1-1^ in. diara., beautifully hyaline with radiating veins. — I do not observe the
plication of the leaves described by Jussieu, who suspected tlmt this was Blume's
elliptica; but that is described as having much larger samaras, with a dorsal crest
6-7 lines long.
3. A. canarensis, Dah. in Hook. Knv Journ. Bot. iii 37 ; glabrous
almost throughout, shoots stout woody, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate
obtu.'-ely acuminate, inflorescence reduced to axillary fascicles, ovary
glabrate, samara suborbicular very membranous, nucleus with a dorsal
wing. A. glomerata, Wight Ic. t. 1986.
Western Peninsula; Canara, Dalzell; Malabar and Mysore, Wight.
Branchlets tiexuous, hard, with furrowed bark. leaves 3-4 in., sometimes elliptic-
obovate, base acute or rounded, rather coriaceous, pale ; petiole ^ in. Pedicels slender,
4 in., glabrous, bracteolate towards the base, crowded on very sbort, simple or divided,
])ube8ceut axillary pi-dui cles that are clothed with minute bracts. Flowers ^ in.
di.iui Samaras \\-\^n\.<i\B.in., margin even or lobed towards the apex. — A very re-
markable and distinct species.
Aspidojjtcnjs.] xxx. MALPiGHiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 421
** Leaves hairy tomentose or "pubescent beneath.
4. A. hirsuta,^. Jiws. in Archiv. Mus. Nat. Hist. iii. 512, t. 17 ; clothed
with long spreading flaccid hairs, leaves broadly obovate or oblong or
orbicular-obovate abruptly acuminate cordate at the very base, ovary
gl ibrous, samaras linear-oblong, nucleus without dorsal crest or wing.
Hiraea hirsuta, Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 13, t. 13 ; Cat. 1059.
BfRMA, on the Taong dong and the Prome Mts., Wallich.
Shoots very slender. Leaves 4-7 in., clothed on both surfaces with long soft hairs,
membranous ; petiole \ in. Inflorescence an open lax panicle, with regular opposite
spreading branches ; bracts at the base of the branches ^-f in., lanceolate ; branches
with many opposite bracteoles above the middle. Flowers I in. diara., subambellate,
glabrous, white. Samaras 14-2 by ^-f in., sides almost parallel.
5. A. cordata, A. Juss. in Archiv. Mus. Nat. Hist. iii. 513; shoots
inflorescence and leaves beneath clothed with white appressed tomentum,
leaves orbicular-cordate with a broad acumen, panicle effuse, ovary villous,
samaras orbicular or nearly so, nucleus not winged or keeled. Hiraea cor-
data, Hei/ne in Wall. Cat. lOCiO; Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 13. H. nutans,
Wall. Cat. 1058, 2.
Western Peninsula ; Concan, Canara, and Mysore.
A slender climber. Leaves 5-8 in. diam., the younger ovate-cordate, all rather
abruptly terminated by a broad acuminate tip, opaque, and sometimes pubescent above ;
petiole 1-1 4 in- Inflorescence a lax pendulous panicle, sometimes rusty ; bracts at the
branches filiform or 0, pedicels very variable. Flowers ^ in. diam. Samaras pale,
1-1^ in. diam., sometimes slightly oblong.
6. A. nutans, Hookf. {not of A. Juss.) ; young shoots and inflorescence
tomentose, leaves ovate elliptic or orbicular with a broad based acumen
base not cordate silkily pubescent beneath, panicle effuse, ovary villous,
samaras oblong or suborbicular, nucleus not or rarely ridged or with a
small wing at the base. A. Roxburgh iana, A. Juss. in part. A. lanu-
ginosa, A. Juss. I.e. 512. Hiraea nutans, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 447 {not of
Wallich). H. indica, Wall. Cat. 1057 inpaH. H. lanuginosa. Wall. Cat. 1058.
ill part (a very villous-leaved form, from Nepal).
NiPAL, Wallich; Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 2000 ft., J.D.H.; Eastern Bengal,
Assam, and Chittagong, Roxburgh, &c. ; Birma, at Bhamo, T. Anderson.
Very similar to A. cordata, but usually less tomentose, leaves even larger, attaining
10 in. diam., with often rusty tomentum on the nerves and rather thin long hairs be-
tween them ; upper surface reticulate and rather shining ; petiole of the larger leaves
2 in. Samaras 1^ by 1 in,, usually oblong, sometimes almost orbicular. — Wallich says,
under his H. indica (Cat. 1057), " An plus mia species sub hac coufusa ;" and so it is,
from wanting fruit of any of his specimens ; five sheets thus named appertain to this
species,
Var. rotund folia; leaves more villous beneath, samara with a small dorsal wing or
crest. A. rotundifolia, A. Juss. I.e. 514 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 448. Hirtea orbiculata,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 90 ; Wall. FL As. Rar. ii. 13. — Chittagong, Roxburgh.
7. A. Wallichii, llooh.f.; shoots slender, inflorescence and leaves be-
neath densely clothed with appressed more or less silky white tomentum,
leaves ovate acute or acuminate base subcordate, panicle graceful efiiise pen-
dulous, ovary densely hispid with long white deciduous hairs, samaras
orbicular-oblong, nucleus without crest or wing. A. nutans, A. Jt/s.<t. I.e.
513. Hiraea nutans, Wall. PL As. Par. i. 13 ; Cat. 1056, 1, not of Roxburgh.
H. lanuginosa, Wall. I.e. ; Cat. 1058 in part.
4?'3 XXX. MALPiGHiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aspidoptcrys,
Westrrn Tropical Himalaya ; Garwhal and Kumaon, ascending to 4500 ft.,
Govan, &c.
A tall climber; branches white. Leaves 4-7 in., base rounded, under.surface usually
snow-white and silky, upper glabrous; petiole rarely 4 in. Panicle sometimes a foot
long, white, lax, very graceful Flowers | in. diani. ; pedicels rather stout, bracteoles
most minute. ASamaras 1^-14 by 1-1^ in., variable in shape, sometimes narrowed at
one end or emarginate. — It is not clear to what plant Wallich meant the name
lanuginosa to apply ; he has in his Herbarium two under that name, and both num-
bered 1058; of these, one i'rom Govan, gathered, no doubt, in Kumaon, is identical
with his owji (not Roxburgh's) Hircea nutans; the other, from Nipal, has a rusty to-
meutose panicle, and is probably the true nutans of Roxburgh ; indeed he tickets it in
mss. " prox nutanti, lio.cb.^' As W'allich's and Jussieu's lanuginosa is certainly not
the very local and beautiful species here described, I have dedicated the latter
to Dr. Wallich.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Imperfect specimen in young fruit of a plant from Poneshce in Birma, collected by
Dr. J. Anderson. Leaves orbicular, coriaceous, densely rusty toun-ntose beneath.
Unrijye samaras oblong, with a dorsally winged nucleus. — Perhaps A. tomentosa, Juss.,
Java.
A Tenasserim or Andaman Island plant of Heifer, with orbicular leaves slightly cor-
date at the base, glabrous on both surfaces, except the costa beneath, which with the short
Eetioles shoots and inflorescence are clothed with dense rusty tomentum. , Samaras m<m-
ranous, orbicular, not concave, retuse at the top, nucleus with a prominent dorsal wing.
— Perhaps a form o'l A. concava, .Imss.
HiR.fiA FiNLAYsoNiANA, Wall. Cat. 7263, is a species of Kditris.
OitDKU XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLE-ffi. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S.,
and J. D. Hooker.)
Herbs or shrub.s, rarely trees, branches usually articulate. Jjeaves opposite
or .ilternate by suppression, stipulate, 2-3-foliolate or pinnate ; leaflets entire,
not punctate ; stijtules twin, ])ersistent, sometimes spiny. Pedundes ueually
1-2 in the axils of the stipules, ehracteate rarely 2-bracteate. Flowers her-
maphrodite, regular or irregular, white, red or yellow, very rarely blue.
Sejxfls 5, rarely 4, free or rarely connate at the base, imbricate, rarely val-
vate. petals 5-4, very rarely 0, hypogynous, tree, imbricate or contorted,
Tarely valvate. JJisA- convex or depressed, rarely annular or 0, without glands.
fSta7/ie)is equal to or double or rarely three times as many as the petals,
inserted at the base of the disk, often alternately longer, tho.se opposite to
tlie petals often connate at the base to the petals, filaments usually with a
scale at the base or middle; anthers versatile, opening longitudinally.
Ovary sessile or rarely sti[)itate on a short gynopliore, furrowed angled or
winged, 4-5- (rarely 2-1 2-) celled, cells very rarely with partial tran.sverse
septa, narrowing into a terminal angled or furrowed style ; stigma simple,
rarely discoid or stigmas 5 ; ovules 2 or more, rarely 1, usually filiform,
pendulous or ascending, raphe ventral with a superior micropyie. Fruit
never berried, coriaceous or crustaceous, either of 2-10 free or united often
spiny cocci, or capsular and septicidally dehiscent. ISeeds usually pendulous,
solitary, rarely twin or more, oblong or linear, the raphe adnate or free ;
testa membranous crustaceous or thick and mucous; albumen scanty rarely
; embryo the length of the seed, green, straight or rarely curved, cotyledons
oblong or linear thick or foliaceous, radicle very short, straight, superior.—
XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLEJE. (Ed^^eworth & Hooker.) 423
DisTRlB. Genera, about 17, with 100 species, chiefly tropical and sub-
tropical.
* ISeeds exalbuminous.
Petals entire. Stamens 10. Fruit of usually spiny cocci. Leaves
abruptly pinnate 1. Tribulus.
"** Seeds albuminous.
Petals 0. Stamens 5. Leaves 3-foliolate 2. Seetzenia.
Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Ovules axile, superposed. Leaves
1-2-foliolate 3. Zygophyllum.
Petals 5. Stamens 10. Ovules basal, collateral. Leaves 1-3-
foliolate 4. Fagonia.
(See Peganum in Rutacece.)
1. TZtZBUZ.VS, Linn.
Branching prostrate herbs, usually silky. Leaves stipulate, opposite, usually
unequal, abruptly pinnate. Flowers solitary, on pseudo-axillary peduncles,
white or yellow. Sepals 5, deciduous (or persistent) imbricate. Petals 5,
fugacious, patent, imbricate. Disk annular, 10-lobed ; stamens 10, inserted
on the base of the disk, 5 longer opposite to the petals, 5 shorter with a
little gland outside; filaments filiform, naked. Ovary sessile, hirsute,
5-12-lobed, 5-12-celled, cells opposite the petals ; style short, pyramidal or
filiform, stigmas 5-12; ovules superposed. Fruit 6-angled, of 5-12 winged
or spinous or tuberculate indebiscent cocci. Seeds obliquely pendulous,
testa membranous ; embryo without albumen, cotyledons ovate, radicle
short. — DiSTEiB. A cosmopolitan genus of about 15 species.
1. T. cistoides, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 703 ; perennial, flowers 1-2 in.
diam., peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, cocci 2-4-horned.
Bengal, near Calcutta, Edgeworth ; Western Peninsula, Madras, Shuter, &c. ;
Kilghiri Mts., Foulkes ; Tenasserim at Mergui, Wallich. — Uistrib. Throughout the
Tropics.
Bootstock stout ; branches 1-2 ft., procumbent or ascending, and leaves usually more
silky than in the following. Leaflets often 7-8 pairs, subequal ; stipules falcate, acumi-
nate. ASep«?s 5-^ in., acuminate, silky. Petals ohovaXQ. Sti gmaticlobes shovtev thf{n
the diameter of the style. Cocci tubercled and hairy, with usually 2 spines. Seeds
separated by transverse septa — Regarded as a large tiowered form of T. terrestris by
Oliver (Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 284).
.2. T. terrestris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 703 ; annual or biennial, flowers
^-f in. diam., peduncles shorter than the leaves, cocci with 2 long and 2
short spines. Bah. d' Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 45. T. lanuginosus, Linn. ; DC. I.e. ;
W. (^ A. Prodr. 145 ; Wall. Cat 6854 ; Wight Lc. t. 98 ; III. i. 164 ; Boiss. FL
Orient, i. 902.— Burm. Fl. Zeyl. 265, t. 106, f. 1.
•Throughout India, ascending to 11,000 ft. in Western Tibet; northern part of
Ceylon. — Distkib. Throughout the warm regions of the globe.
Prostrate, hirsute or silky hairy ; branches 1-2 ft. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, subequal, mu-
cronate. Petals often not exceeding the calyx. Cocci very variable, glabrous or hairy,
mucronate, much as in T. cistoides. Stigmatic lobes longer than the diameter of the
style.
3. T. alatus, DelUe ; DC. Prodr. i. 703; annual, flowers \-\ in. diam.,
peduncles shorter than the leaves, cocci broadly winged. — Boiss. Fl. Orient.
i. y02.
424 xxxT. ZYGOPHYLLE^. (Edg-eworth & Hooker.) [Tribuhts.
SiNDH, Stocks, Vicar y ; Panjab, at Multan, Edgeicorth. — Distrib. Egypt, Arabia,
Nubia.
Hispid and villous ; branches procumbent or ascending. Leaflets 5 pairs, subacute ;
stipules ovate, acute. Petals about equalling the .sepals. Stamejis 5 or 10. Fruit
broadly pyramidal, somewhat pointed ; cocci hirsute, 2-seeded, the spines confluent
iiito toothed wings. — Fruit slightly bitter, eaten by the desert nomads in Multan.
2. SEETZENXA, Br.
A small prostrate glaucous herb, woody at the base, glabrous or woolly.
Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, apiculate. Peduncles axillary,
1-flowered. Flowers small. Sepals 5, linear-oblong, valvate, incurved at
the top. Petcds 0. Di^k small, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted on the disk,
filaments filiform glabrous naked at the base ; anthers nearly globose.
Ovary oblong-clavate, sessile, pentagonal, truncate, fleshy, 5-celled ; styles
5, short, spreading, stigmas small capitate ; ovules solitary in each cell,
pendulous. Fruit ovoid, of 5 1 -seeded cocci, separating from the persistent
axis, with a narrow sucpulent exocarf) on the back only, endocarp crus-
taceous. Seech oval, compressed, testa thick with three skins, the outer
membranous, the middle one cellular and mucous, the inner coriaceous,
albumen thin ; cotyledons thickish.
I. S. orientalls, Daie. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, iii. 280, t. 7 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, i. 916.
SiNDH, Stocks, Vicary, — Distrib. Arabia, N. and S. Africa.
Branches long and slender, smooth cr papillose. Leaflets tleshy, \-\ in. long, middle
one obovate-cuntate, lateral oblitiiie ; stipules tiiaii'^uiar. Ptdunde ^ i in., more or
less recurved at the tip, longer than the petiole. Fruit ellipsoid, ovoid or subglobose,
\-^ in. long, pendulous. Seeds fusiform, smooth.
3. ZVGOFKVZ.Z.UBI. Linn.
Small shrubs or prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, 1- or 2-f()liolate, fleshy ;
stipules 2, often spiny. Peduncles 1- or 2-fl()wered, among the stipules.
Flower white, or yellow with red or purple spots at the base. Calyx
4-5-partite, persistent or deciduous, imbricate. Petals 4-5. clawed, imbri-
cate and contorted. J)v<k fleshy, angled, cup-shaped or concave. Stameus
8-10, inserted on the disk, longer than the petals, filaments filiform with a
scale at the base ; anthers oblong. Ovary sessile upon the disk, 4-5-cornered,
4-5- (rarely 2-3-) celled, tapering into an angled style, stigma small ; ovules
2-00, superposed, raphe free or adnate. Fruit capsular, 4-5-cornered or
winged, mdehiscent or septicidally dehiscent into 5 cocci, or loculicidally
5-valved, the endocarp sometimes separating. Seeds 1 or many in each cell,
pendulous, testa crustaceous, albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong.— Distrib.
Upwards of 50 species, natives of the Old World, and chiefly Cape and
Australian.
1. Z. simplex, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 705; annual, leaves simple cylin-
dric. — Jhiss. Fl. Orient, i. 912.
Sandy deserts; Sindh, Stocks, vicary; Panjab, at MxAiaxi, Edgeworth. — Distrjb.
Arabia, tropical Africa.
A prostrate glabrous slender much branched herb. Leaves small, sessile, fleshy,
obtuse ; stipules lanceolate, acute. Peduncle as long as the obovate cucullate sepals.
Petals ppathulate. Scales 2-pariite. Capsule deflexed, turbiuate, rough, of 5- com-
Zygophijllum.] xxxi. zygophylle^. (Edg-eworth & Hooker.) 425
pressed 2 -3-seeded cocci. Seeds fusiform, smooth. — The seeds are swept up by the
nomad tribes of the Multan desert, and eaten under the name of Alathi.
2. Z. coccineum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 706; perennial, leaves 2-f olio-
late. Boiss. Ft. Orient, i. 915.
Kocky ground in Sindh, Stoclcs, Vicary. — Distrib. Syria, Arabia, Egypt.
Stem shrubby below, with erect or ascending boary at length glabrous branches.
Leaven petioled; leaflets terete, grooved or semiterete, minutely powdery ; stipules tri-
angular, scarious. Peduncle equalling the petiole. Sepals ovate, cucuUate, fleshy,
sborter tban the spathulate wbite undulate petals. Scales lanceolate, entire or torn.
Capsule erect, gronved, cylindiic-ovoid, truncate. Seeds small, ovoid, tubercled, acute,
compressed. — The flowers" open in the middle of the day.
4. FAGONIA, Linn.
Branching woody herbs. Leaves opposite, 1-3-foliolate, entire, miicronate ;
stipules usually spiny. Peduncle solitary from between the stipules. Sepals
5, deciduous, imbricate. Pekds 5, closed, caducous, imbricate. Disk short,
inconspicuous. Stamens 10, inserted on the disk, filkments filiform, naked ;
anthers oblong. Ovary sessile, 5-cornered, 5-celled, tapering into a subulate
style, stigma simple ; ovules 2, collateral at the base of each cell, pendulous
from ascending funicles. Fruit 5-cornered, of 5 1-seeded cocci which
dehisce along the ventral suture and separate from a horny endocarp. Seeds
erect, compressed, broadly oblong, testa mucilaginous, albumen horny ;
cotyledons broad, flat, ovate. — Distrib. Species variously estimated from
2 or 3 to 30, being very variable and difficult to define.
1. r. arabica, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 704; glandular, young branches
terete striate, spines exceeding the linear leaflets. Boiss. Ft. Orient, i. 907.
F. mysorensis, Roth.; DC. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 6853; W. (h A. Prodr. 145;
Dah. (& Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 45 ; Wight III. i. t. 64. F. cretica var. arabica,
2\ A^iders. in J own. Linn. Soc. v. Sujjpl. i. 12 ; Oliver Fl. Trap. Afric. i. 287.
Throughout North Western India, Sindh, the Panjab, and the southern provinces
of the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Westward to Egypt.
A small green spiny nndershrub, with erect branches, more or less glandular.
Leaves 1-3-foliolate; leaflets elliptic or li.ear, acute; petiole often fohaceous.
Flowers small, pale rose-coloured. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, half as long as the petals.
Capsule pubescent, about as long as the recurved peduncle. Seeds punctulate.
2. r. Brug-uieri, DC. Prodr. i. 704 ; glandular, young branches subte-
tragonous sides grooved, spines exceeding the ovate rather fleshy leaflets.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 905. F. Echinella, Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1, viii. 123.
F. cretica var. T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. SujjjjI. i. 12.
North- West India ; Peshawur, Herb. Falconer, Stewart ; Chandnist, Edgeworth.—
Distrib. Westward to Algeria.
Similar to F. arabica, and like it referable by many authors to a variety of i^. cretica.
Liternodes short; branches procumbent. Lower leaves 3-foliolate, the rest 1-foliolate;
leaflets minute.— The form distinguished as Echinella by Boissier, has crowded decus-
sate branches, and very short leaves.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Fagonia MONTANA, Miq. ; see Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 596, is Monetia tetracantha.
426 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.)
Order XXXTT. GBKANIACHJE. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S.,
and J. D. Hooker.)
Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely trees ; glabrous or more usually pubescent •
and glandular. Leaves opposite or alternate, usually 2-stipulate. Fedimcles
usually solitary and axillary, 1- or more-flowered. Flowers umbelled
cymose or racemose, usually showy, hermaphrodite, regular or irregular.
iSqxds 6, rarely 4 or 2, free or united to the middle, imbricate or rarely val-
vate, the posticous sometimes spurred. Petals as many as the sepals or
fewer by suppression, or 0, hypogynous or subperigynous, variously imbri-
cated, rarely contorted. Torus scarcely expanded into a disk with 5 glands
alternating with the petals, or without glands, raised in the centre into a
beak, rarely flat. iStaniens as many as or double or treble the sepals, or fewer
by su[)pression ; filaments filiform ordilated, or connate into a ring ; anthers
2-celled, cells parallel, opening lengthwise. Ovari/ 3-5-lobed, 3-5-celle(l,
rarely 2-lobed, of 3-5 carpels united with the axis as far as the insertion of
the ovules, sometimes lengthened into a beak-bearing style, or styles which
are free or more or less united, stigmas capitate linear or ligulate ; ovules
1 or 2 or rarely more, horizontal or pendulous or ascending. Fruit capsular,
3-5-lobed, lobes 1-seeded otten senarating Irom tlie axis septicidal or locu-
licidal rarely berried. Seeds pencluhms or horizontal, albumen or scanty
or fleshy • embryo straigiit or curved, cotyledons flat convex or variously
folded foliaceous or thick or fleshy, radicle either short and near the hilum
or longer and inflected or incumbent on the cotyledcms. — Distrib. Genera
20, with about bOO species, chieHy found in temperate climates.
Besides the genera described below, Pelargonium (the garden so called Oeraninm)
is cultivated throughout India, and one species of Natal (P. grossularioides, />6'. ,•
Eroditim nilagirinnn, Schlecht. PI Ind. Or. erstcc. 1560\ is naturalized in the Nil-
ghiris. The genus is distinguishf-d by the posticous sepal being produced into a spur
which is adnate to the pedicel and by some of the filaments being antherless.
Tribe 1. G-eranieee. Leaves simple or compound. Floivers regular or
nearly so. ISrpals imbricate. Glands alternate with the petals. Antlieri-
ferous stamens as many or double or treble the number of petals.
Carpels indeliisccnt ; not beaked. Ovules solitary.
Stamens 10, all perfect 1. Biebersteinia.
Carpels beaked, dehiscent. Ovules geminate.
Perfect stamens l.'S, pcntadelphous 2, Monsonia.
Perfect stamens 10, rarely fewer 3. Gkranium.
Perfect stamens 5, stamiuodes 5 4. Ekodium.
Tribe 2. Ozalidees. I^eaves compound. Flowers regular. Sepals imbri-
cate. Glands 0. Stiyrnas capitate. Ovules 2 or more.
* Herhs. Fruit capsular.
Stamens 10. Capsule lociUicidal, valves cohering with the axis.
Leaves 3-» -foliate . . ' 5. Oxalis.
Stamens 10. Capsule loculicidal, valves usually separating from
the alis to the base. Leaves pinnate 6. Biophytum.
** Trees or shrubs. Fruit berried.
Stamens 10, ,or 5 and 5 staminodes. Ovules many. Leaves
pinnate 6.* Averrhoa.
Stamens 10. Ovules in pairs. Leaves 1-3-foliolate 7. Connabopsis.
XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edf^eworth & Hook, f.) 427
Tribe 3. Balsaxnineae. Leaves simple. Flowers irregular. Sepals
usually coloured, the posticous spurred. Stamens 5, very short. Antliers
subconnate.
Lateral petals connate in pairs. Fruit capsular 8. Impatiens.
Lateral petals free. Drupe fleshy 9. Hydrocera.
1. BISBERSTBXNZA, Stephan.
Perennial glandular herbs. Leaves stipulate, pinnatisect. Flowers regu-
lar, racemose or panicled. Sejmls 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynoas,
imbricate, alternating with 5 glands. Stamens 10, all bearing anthers, fila-
ments united into a ring at the base. Ovary deeply 5-l(»bed, 5-celled ; styles
distinct, arising from the bases of the lobes, connate into a capitate stigma ;
ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous from below the top of the cell. Ripe
carpels separating from a persistent 5-l()bed axis, indehiscent, crustaceons,
wrinkled. Seeds incurved on one side of the fleshy albumen ; embryo
arched, cotyledons thick. — Distrib. Several species, natives of Asia, Siberia,
Greece, the Altai Mountains, and Tibet.
1. B. emodl, Jaub. d- Sjmch. HI. PI. Or. ii. 109; leaves pinnatisect
lobes pinnatifid, stipules adnate laciniate, bracts oblong or obovate lobed,
petals entire. B. odora, Poyle III. 153, t. 30, not of Step/tan.
Alpine Western Tibet and Kunawar alt. 14-17,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.
Glandular-pubescent. Rootstocks densely tufted, branched, tuberous, giving off crowns
of leaves and short simple flowering stems a few inches high. Leaves linear, with
many pairs of small broad irregularly lobed leaflets ; stem leaves small. Flowers
racemose, ^ in. diam., yellow ; pedicels equalling the calyx, 2-bracteolate. Sepaht
elliptic-oblong, pubescent. PefaZs nearly orbicular. Filaments hany . Styles slander.
— The aspect, and in many respects the structure, of this plant is singularly Rosaceous,
and like a Fotentilla.
2. BIONSONIA, Linn.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate. Peduncles
axillary, bracteate. Flowers solitary or umbelled. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals
5, hypogynous, imbricate, alternate with 5 small glands. Stamens 15, all
bearing anthers, shortly moiiadelphous, 5 of them opposite the petals.
Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, beaked ; beak ending in the style, bearing 5 linear
branches inwardly stigmatose ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Capsule
with a very long beak of 5 l-seerled carpels ; carpels with 5 elastic tails
which are bearded on the inner side, and separate from the beak. Seeds
exalbuminous ; embryo incumbent on the convolutely folded cotyledons. —
Distrib. South Africa; genera of about a dozen species, besides 4 or 5
North African species and the present.
1. nx. seneg-alensls, Guill. d- Perr. Fl. Senegamh. i. 131 ; viscid, leaves
ovate or cordate, peduncles rarely 2-liowered, beak of carpels very long
setose on the inner face. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 898. M. Lawiana, Stocks in
Calcutta Joiirn. Nat. Hist. vii. 19. M. Chumbalensis, Wight Ic. in text
t. 1074. Erodium Chumbalense, Miinro in text Wight Ic. t. 1074. ? Gera-
nium Lawianum, Graham Cat. Bomb. PL Siip2^lemental 2JCLye.
SisvH, Stocks; Upper Ganuetic plain near Agra, Munro ; the Dekk ax, common
in dry pastures, Gibson, &c. — Distrib. Beluchistan, Arabia, aud westwards to ISene-
gambia and Naniaciualaud.
428 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [3Io?isonia.
A diffuse annual herb or undershrub ; branches pubescent and glandular. Leaves
I-I4 in., long-petioled, obtuse or mucronate, rejKxnd-toothed, glabrate above, pilose and
pubescent beneath ; stipules subulate. Peduncles long, sharply deflexed at the brac-
teoles. Sepals obovate, awned, densely pubescent with long hairs. Petals violet or
pink, 3-veiiied, crumpled, scarcely exceeding the sepals. Filaments ciliate. Carpels
acute, stipitate, obliquely truncate with 2-3 wrinkles at the top, roughly hairy ;
beak 3 in.
2. BI. heliotropioides, Cav. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 897 ; annual or
perennial, leaves petioletl ovate ovate-cordate or rhomboid minutely toothed,
sometimes obscvirely lobed hoary above villous beneath, petiole and scape
clothed with very long wJiite deciduous hairs, sepals silky or hoary
mucronate. M. mallica, Edyw. in Jour. Linn. Soc. vi. 200.
Panjab ; Moultan, Edgeworth ; beyond the Indus in Waziristan, Stewart; Sindii, in
the Hill range, Vkury. — Distrib. Westwards to Egypt.
A small white annual herb, or with a well-developed woody rootstock. Leaves
4-1 in. long, chiefly radical, very variable in shape, coriaceous, densely silky an I
villous beneath ; petiole longer than the blade. Scapes 2-8 in , erect, slender.
Flowers \-^ in. diani., umbelled. Sejmls oblong, at length obovate and enlarged in
fruit. Petals obovate-spathulate, not exceeding the sepals. Stamens 15, slightly
o-adelphous at the base. Fruit 3 in. ; carpels narrow, stipitate, hairy, keeled, with two
transverse wrinkles at the top. — The Indian specimens are usually but not always
aimual, anil never so large as the Persian and Arabian specimens. The structure of
the fruit is identical with that of Frodium siipaceum, but the stamens are very
diiferent.
3. GERANZUBI, Linn.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate. Peduncles
axillary, bracteate, 1-2-flowered, or pedicels umbelled. Flowers regidar.
S<'pah 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbricate, alternating with 5
glands. Stamens 10, usually all anther-bearing, rarely 5 without anthers,
free or shortly monodelphous. Omry 5-lobed, 5-celled, beaked ; styles 5,
stigmatose longitudinally, ovules superposed. Capsule 5- lobed, 5-celled,
cells 1 -seeded, carpels usually dehiscent ventrally, often se[)arating septi-
fragally from the axis, their beaks elastically coiling upwards from the
base to the apex of tlie axis. Senls with scmty albumen or ; embryo
with the cotyleilons indu])licate or convolute incumbent. — DiSTRiB. Species
about 100, natives chiefly of cold temperate regions in the Northern
Hemisphere ; they are very difficult of discrimination.
Sect. 1. — Peduncles axillary and terminal, solitary, 2-flowered. Flower-
huds oblong or ovoid, not pyramidal. Sepals not dilated or subcordate at
the base. Carpels, with their beaks separating elastically from the axis,
not wrinkled. — Kootstock stout, perennial.
* Flowers large, an inch or upwards in diameter.
t Petals rejlexed.
1. G. refractum, Edrjew. & Hooh.f.; tall, stout, branched, glandular-
hairy, leaves 5-7 partite segments obtuse deeply lobed and cut, stipules
large, bracts linear very slender, sepals shortly awned, petals reflected,
filaments nearly glabrous.
SiKKiM Himalaya; Tungu, alt. 12-13,000 ft., /. D. H.
Stems 2-4 feet, erect. Leaves 3 in. diam , shortly pubescent on both surfaces;
lower petioles long; stipules ^ in., broadly oblimg, ovate or obtuse. Peduncle and re-
fracted pedicels long, clothed with spreading hairs. Sepals ^ in., membranous, glan-
Geranium.] xxxil. geraniace^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 429
dular-hairy, marc;ins broad, awn stout. Petals twice as long as the sepals, linear-
oblong, obtuse, white, 5-nerved, villous on each side at the base. Filamenia gradually
narrowed upwards. Ovary tomentose. Fruit not seen. — A very curious species, allied
to the N. American O. Bichardsoni.
ft Petals spreading.
2. G. pratense, Linn. ; DO. Prodr. i. 641 ; stout, erect, branched,
hairs spreading, leaves orbicular 7-9-partite segments acute incised, stipules
subulate-lanceolate, pedicels glandular-hairy, sepals long-awned, bracts
subulate, filaments ciliate. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 877. G. himalayense,
KLotzsch in Eeise Prim. Waldem. 116, t. 122; Wal}). Ann. vii. 485.
Western temperate Himalaya ; Kashmir, Falconer ; Kulhara in Garwhal, alt.
10,500 ft., Strack. & Winter. ; Piti, alt. 7-8000 ft., T. Thomson ; Western Tibet ;
Sakh river, alt. 14,000 ft., Strach. & Winter. — Distrib. N. Asia, and westwards to
Europe. ,
Stem 2-4 ft. high, usually stout, hairs on branches and petioles often reflexed.
Leaves 2-3 in. diam., variously cut ; stipules usually small. Peduncles and refracted
pedicels densely hairy and glandular; bracts small and slender. Flowers 14-2 in. diam.,
blue-purple. Petals entire or notched, ciliate at the base. Filaments gradually nar-
rowed upwards. Carpels glandular-hairy. Seeds reticulate.
3. G. rectum, Trautv.; Walp. Ann. vii. 485 ; very slender, tall, sub-
simple, sparingly leafy and hairy, leaves opposite 5-angled 7-lobed to belovsr
the middle membranous segments rhomboid acute and acutely incised,
stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles, very long and slenderly appressed-
pubescent, bracts subulate, sepals long awned, filaments ciliate.
Kashmir, Falconer ; in Baltal, T Thomson. — Distrib. Soongaria.
Stem 2 feet, very slender, apparently ribbed, almost glabrous. Leaves 3-4 in. diam.,
membranous, sparingly pilose on both surfaces, radical petioles very long and slender.
Peduncles sometimes 8 in. ; pedicels very variable ; bracts subulate. Flower 1^ in.
diam. Sepals membranous, glabrate, narrow-oblong with a stout awn. Petals obovate,
reiuse, ciliate at the very base. Filaments gradually nairowed upwards. Carpels (not
seen in Indian specimens) smooth, appressed-pubescent. Seeds smooth. — Siberian
(AlatauMts.) specimens are described as having erect fruiting peduncles and presenting
two varieties, one glabrous, the other villous with whit^ hairs. It differs from O.
nodosum in the stems not being swollen at the nodes and in the entire petals. Fal-
coner's is a single rather doubtful specimen, mixed with G. Wallichianum.
4. G. aconitlfolium, VHerit; DO. Prodr. i. 642; very slender,
sparingly pubescent, much branched, leaves deeply 3-9-partite segments
acute deeply laciniate or pinnatifid upper sessile, stipules small subulate,
pedicels and long-awned sepals usually glandular hairy, filaments ciliate.
Western Tibet, Falconer {Kew Distrib. 328).— Distrib. Alps of Switzerland and
N. Italy.
Stems slender, 1-2 ft., very sparingly hairy. Leaves 2-2^ in. diam. ; segments nar-
row, acute or obtuse ; upper leaves sessile with the radiating lobes giving a peculiar
appearance to the plant. Peduncles vavvahh in length, pedicels usually clothed with
spreading glandular hairs, but sometimes merely pube.-cent ; bracts subulate, very
slender. Flowers smaller than in the other species of this group, 1-1^ in. diam.
Sepals rather broad. Petals obovate, rounded at the tip, glabrous. Filaments suddenly
dilated at the base. Fruit 1 in., nearly glabrous. Seeds smooth, opaque. — Apparently
the same as the European species, in which the peduncles and pedicel and calyx are
eglandular, which is rarely the case in the Tibetan specimens.
5. G-. ooUlnum, M. Bieh. ; DO. Prodr. i. 642 ; stem usually short hoary
or glandular pubescent, leaves orbicular 5-7-lobed to below the middle
430 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Geranium.
segments cuneate obtusely 3-5-1 obed, stipules small ovate acute, pedicels
appressed-pubescent or glandular-hairy, sepals shortly awned, filaments
ciliate at the base. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 874. G. multifidum, Don Frodr. 207.
G. Donianum, Wall. Cat. 8565 ; Sweet Geran. suO tab. 338.
Western Tibet, Zanskar, Piti, and Kunawer, alt. 12-14,000 ft, Jacquomont, &c.;
Kashmir, Falconer; Nipal, Wallich; Gakwhal, 9-11,000 h., Echjeicorth ; inner
vallevs of Sjkkim Himalaya, /. IJ. H — Distkib. Affglianistan, Siberia, S. Russia.
In its common Tibetan form this is a short hoary-pubescent or gkmlular species, with
many subsimple flowering stems, 6-10 in. higli, orbicuhir (not angled) leaves, with
obtusely cut often slender lobes, slender peduncles and pedicels, and large flowers.
— Affglianistan specimens are taller, more slender, and branched.
6 G*. ?palustre, Linn.; DC. Frodr. i. 642; rather tall, imbescent or
hairy, leaves pentagonal palmately 5-lobed lobes rhomboid acute pen-
natitidly incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles long glandular-
hairy, sepals awned, i)etals obovate rounded at the tip. Foiss. Fl. Orient, i,
874. G. grandiflorum, Fdgetv. in Trans. Linn. JSoc. xx. 42.
Kashmir, Falconer; Kumaon, at Mana, alt. 9-11,000 ft., Edgeworth. — Distrib.
Siberia, Caucasus, Mid. and N. Europe.
Very similar to large states of Q. collimim, but the flowers are larger, nearly 2 in.
diam., and leaves pentagonal in outline from their segmeuts being more produced.
The identification with G.palustre is doubtful.
7. G. Walllchianum, Sweet Geran. t. 90 ; DC. Frodr. i. 641 ; tall,
robust, much branched, leaves 6-gonal deeply 3-5-lobed segments rlioniboia
acuminate incised, stipules very large broadly oblong or almost rounded
obtuse, bracts large, pedicels long, sepals long-awned, ti laments ciliate at
the base. Wight Ic. t. 324; Wall. Cat. 8558; Don Frodr. 208.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-11,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Rlani, Fleming.
]^Iore or less pilose or villous with B[)rcading or rellexed hairs, which are rarely glan-
dular. Leaves 3-4 in. broad, segments acutely cut; stipules ^-1 in. long, very broad.
Bracts usually 4, linear-oblong, i in. long, obtuse, acute or acuminate. Flowers l{-2 in.
diam. Pttnls obovate, retuse. Filaments suddenly dilated at the base. Carpels
pilose. Seeds smooth. — The very large solitary stipules best distinguish this species.
8. G. Grevllleanum, Wall. Cat. 8559; Fl. As. Far. iii. t. 209* robust
or slender, hairy and glandular, branched, leaves 5-gonal 5-7-lobed below
the middle segments rhomboid acute or acuminate incised, stipules 2-lid or
in pairs ovate acuminate, pedicels long slender, sepals long-awned, filaments
villous with long hairs. G. eriostemon, Don Frodr. 208, 7iot of Fisclwr.
? G. Lamberti, Suoeet Geran. X. 338 G. Backhousianum, Regel. DescHpU
Flfini. N'^v. 1873, 32.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-11,000 ft . from Kumaon to Sikkim.
A tall branched species, resembling G. Wallichianum, but distinguished by the bifid
or bipartite stipules and very villous filaments ; it varies much in pubescence and
glandular often reflexed hairs, being sometimes almost villous or velvety. Feduncles
and pedicels slender, clothed with spreading glandular hairs ; bracts linear, slender.
Flowers 1-1 4 ill. diam. Petals obovate, tip rounded or retuse, hairy at the base, rose-
coloured, or very pale with a purplish eye (in Sikkim specimens). Filaments gradually
narrowed upwards. Carpels pilose. Sei:ds smooth.
** Flowers less than an inch in diameter (see also 14, G. rotundifolium).
9. G. nepalenBe, Sweet Geran, t. 12 ; slender, diffuse, much branched,
hairy or villous, eglandular, leaves 5-gonal deejjly 3-5-lobed or -partite
up]»er sessile segments rhomboid incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate,
peduncles slender 1-2-fid, sepals shortly awned almost equalling the entire
Geranium.] xxxii. geraniace^. (Edg-eworth & Hook, f.) 431
petals. Bon Prodr. 208. G. radicans, DC. Prodr. i. 639. '. G. pallidum and
G. i)atens, Royle Herb. ; Wall Cat 8560, 8561. G. affiiie, W. & A. Prodr. 133
{not of Ledebom) Wight III. i. 153, t. 59 {colour ofjiower wrong ?). G. Arnot-
tianum, Steud. Nomen. 677.
Throughout the Temperate Himalayas, alt. 5-9000 ft. ; the Kiiasia, Nilghiri and
Pui.NEY Mts., and in the higher parts of Ceylon. — Distrib. Yunan.
Branches sometimes rooting {G. radicans, l^C), more or less clothed with spreading
or reflexed hairs. Leaves 1^-2^ in. diam,, opposite, spreading. Peduncles usually
slender, sometimes 1-flovvered, very variable in length, spreading, reflexed after flower-
ing. Flowers ^-| in. diam., pink or purple. Sepals usually silky. Carpels hairy.
Seeds shining, smooth. — W^e find no difference between the Himalayan and Peninsular
specimens. The Javanese G. ardjunense, ZolL, may, from the description, prove to
be this.
10. G-. sibiricuxn, Linn. ; DC Prodr. i. 639 ; prostrate, slender,
excessively branched, hoary, leaves 5-gonal 5-partite segments rhomboid
acute acutely incised, stipules subulate, peduncles slender 1-2-flowered,
sepals long-awned, equalling or exceeding the notched petals. Poiss. Fl.
Orient, i. 879.
Western Tibet, Nubra and Ladak, alt. 10-12,000 ft. Thomson. — Distrib. Siberia,
Dahuria, Caucasus, Germany.
Very similar at first sight to G. nepalense, but more flaccid and branched, with the
upper leaves all petioled, and shorter notched petals. — Thomson's specimens are the
only Indian ones we have seen.
Sect. 2. Pedicels crowded amongst the uppermost leaves, subumbellate.
Floiver-buds ovoid or (jblong, not pyramidal. Carpels wrinkled, becoming
detached from their beaks which coil upwards elastically. — Rootstock stout,
perennial.
11. G-. polyanthes, Edgew. & Hook./.; sparingly hairy, slender,
flowering-stems naked below, leaves orbicular-reniform 7-9-partite or
lobed segments cuneate obtuse 3-7 -fid, pedicels short, sepals shortly
awned, filaments ciliate. Wall. Cat. 8564. G. Donianum, Herb. Ind. Or.
E.f.&T. not of Sweet.
Temperate Himalaya, Kumaon, Blinhworth; Inner valleys of Sikkim, alt. 9-12,000
ft., in grassy places, /. D. Hooker.
A very singular species, with subsimple stems 6-10 in. high, bearing clusters of
flowers auKmgst the uppermost involucre-like leaves. Flowering- stems simple or umbel-
lately branched about the middle. Leaves 1^-2 in. diam., more or less pilose; petiole
of radical very long, xipper sessile and crowded under the pedicels ; stipules variable,
ovate acuminate or subulate-lanceolate. Umbels 3-10-flowered; pedicels |— 1 in., glan-
dular-hairy, as are the sepals Jt'loivers 4-f in. diam., dark-purple Fruit erect, 1 in.
long. Carpels laterally compressed, keeled, strongly reticulate, glabrous ; beaks slender ;
styles very short. Seeds smooth.
Sect. 3. Peduncles 2- or more-flowered, crowded. Flower-buds ovoid or
oblong, not pyramidal. Carpels smooth, their beaks remaining attached to
the axis (not always in G. rotundifoliurn).
* Rootstoch perennial, flowers large.
12. G. Tuberarla, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 23, t 37; slender, erect,
hairy and glandular, leaves orbicular-reniform 5-7-partite, segments pinna-
tifid, petiole very slender, peduncles 2-flowered terminal umbelled or
fascicled very hairy and glandular, sepals obtuse awned or apiculate very
hairy, petals retuse, filaments ciliate with very lung hairs. Walp. Rep,
449.
432 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edg'Gworth & Hook, f.) [Geranhm.
Temperate Western Himalayas, Kashmir, Jacquemont ; Kishtwar, alt. 8000 ft.,
T. Thomson.
Bootstock tuherous. Floicerivg stems 12-\8 m. high, slender, simple or subumbel-
lately branched. Leaves 1^-3 in. diam.. segments very spreading, radical on very long
slender petioles; stipules variable. Jvjiorcscence subiimbelled, with an involucre of
shortly petioled leaves : peduncles and pedicels erect, clothed with long spreading glan-
dular hairs ; bracts leafy, pinnatitid. Flowers 1 in. diam. SejiaU elliptic, sniall,
obtuse, apiculate, narrowly margined. Petals large, obcordate, ciliate at the very
base. Filaments very slender throughout their length. Fruit \\-\^ in., erect, hairy ;
carpels not wrinkled ; styles very short. Steds smooth. — There is no trace of the beaks
being separable from the axis, though the valves are removable. —A very curious
tpecies.
♦*
AnmiaJ, flowers smally in axilla?'// pedimcle.% fruitmg jjedicels dejiexed.
13. G. pusilluxn, Linn. • DC. Prodr. i. 642 ; prostrate, very slender,
much braiiclied, pube.scent, leaves reniform-orbicular deeply 5-9-lobed or
partite segments cuneate 3-lobed, petals obcordate scarcely exceeding
the mucronate sepals, carpels smootli, seeds smooth. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
i. 881.
Western Temperate Himalaya; Kashmir, Falconer; Kishtwar, alt. 8000 ft.,
/. Thomson. — Distkjb. Syria and throughout Europe.
Very slender and much branched, leafy, slightly glandular above. Lfares 4-1 in.
diam; siipules short. Floirers \ in. diam., bluc-i)»irple, very small. Petals and Fila-
ments ciliate at the base. Fruit ^ in, long. Carpels smooth, hairy. Seeds very minutely
granulate.
14. O. rotundlfolium, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 643; suberect with very
slender s^jreuding branches, glandular-hairy, leaves reniforni 7-tid seg-
ments broad obtusely lobulate, i)etals cuneate entire exceeding the calyx,
carpels smooth, seeds deei>ly pitted. Po'isi<. Fl. Orient i. 880. G. poten-
tilloides, Klotzschin Reise Pr. Waldem. \1\\ t. 17.
Pan JAB at Peshawar, Vicary ; and Hooshiarpore, Aitcheson; Western Tkmperate
Himalaya, alt. 6 9000 ft.; Kashmir, Falconer; .Tamu, Thomson; GarwhaJ, alt. 2000
ft., /Strach. rf- Winter. — Distkih. Siberia and Eastward to Europe and N. Africa.
Very slender. Leaves ^-14 in. diam. ; petioles very slender. Flowers ^ in. diam.
Petals red, glabrous. Fruit § in. long.
15. G, molle, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 643 ; stems rather stout diffuse or
ascending softly villous and glandular, leaves orbicular palmately 7-9-fid,
lobes cuneate obtusely lobulated, petals obcordate exceeding the sepals,
carpels obliquely wrinkled, seeds smooth. Boiss. PI. Orient, i. 882.
Temperate Western Himalaya; Kishtwar, 6-9000 ft., Thomson; Kumaon, alt.
1500 ft., Madden. — Distrih. Westward to Europe and N. Africa.
A common European weed, possibly introduced into India, but also found in Affgha-
nistan and Persia ; more robust than the two preceding species, readily distinguished
by the wrinkled carpels, smooth seeds, purple petals ciliate at the base, and glabrous
filaments.
Sect. 4. Peduncles 2-flowered. Flower-biids pyramidal. Sepals broad or
cordate at the base, acuminate, not abruptly awned. — Annual or biennial.
16. G. Robertlanum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 644; erect, much
branched, pubescent or hairy, leaves triangular-oblong 5-foliolate or
ternatisect segments incised or pinnatitid, peduncles slender, pedicels
spreading, petals twice as long as the sepals clawed, carpels wrinkled
Gcmnitim,] xxxii. aERANiACE^. (Edg-eworth & Hook, f.) 433
keeled, seeds piinctulate. Boiss. Fl. OrieMt. i. 883. G. Lindleyanum,
Royle III. 151, t. 27.
Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft., from Kashmir, Falconer, to Garwhal,
Strach. & Winter. — Distrib. Siberia, Asia Minor, the Caucas'is, Europe.
A reddish foetid rather succulent annual or biennial. Branches 6-18 in., brittle,
leafy. Leave^i 1-8 in. broad; petiole lon^ ; stipules ovate. Flov^ers ^ in. diara.,
streaked with dark and light red. Petals narrow, claw glabrous. Fruit f-1 in. ;
beak of carpels si-parating upwards from the axis and attached to its apex by silky
hairs. — " Herb. Robert." ,
17. G. lucidum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 644 ; annual, glabrous, shininsr,
leaves orbicular 5-7-lobed Libes 5-fid cuneate, pedicels with a series of
hairs, sepals long-awned shorter than the spathulate petals, carpels reti-
culate keeled nearly glabrous, seeds smooth. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 884. G.
laevigatum, Boyle III. 150.
Temperate Western Himalaya ; from Kishtwar to Kumaox, alt. 6-9000 ft. — Distrib.
Siberia, S^ria, the Caucasus, Europe, N. Africa.
A suberect, much-branched, brittle herb, with usually bright red branches. Leaves
f-14 in. diam., lobes short broad; stipules acute. P(ec?//??c/e.s longer than the petioles.
Flowers ^-^ in. diam. Sepals wrinkled. Peta's rose-red, claw glabrous. Fruil 4 in.,
glabrous, beak very slender; carpels small, separating both from their beak and
the axis.
18. Gr. ocellattim, Camh. in J acq. Yoy. Bot. 33, t. 38 ; annual, hoary-
pubescent or hairy and glandular, excessively branched, prostrate, slender,
leaves orbicular 5-7-lobed lobes cuneate 3-5-fid, petals large broadly
obcordate much larger than the acuminate sepals, carpels corrugated, seeds
smooth. Walp. Ann. i. 449. G. bicolor, and G. choorense, Boyle III.
149, 150; Wall. Cat. 8562.
Hills of the Panjab; temperate and subtropical Himalaya, alt. 1-6000 ft., from
Kashwik and the Salt Range to E, Nipal ; Behar, on the top of Parusnath,
Anderson.
A small straggling species. Leaves 4-2 in. diam. Peduncles sometimes clustered,
and subumbelleii as in G. Tuheraria, at others axillary solitary and 1 -flower -d. Flowers
^ in. diara., rose-coloured with a dark purple eye. Sepals rigid after flowering,
wrinkled from pressure against Uae carpels. Fruit erect, | in. long ; carpels small,
separating from the axis and beak, which latter eventually coils up elastically. Seeds
shining, pale. — B'ound in E. Nipal (Tambur river), but not hitherto in iSikkim.
doubtful and unknown species.
G. heterotrichon, Sm. ; Boyle III. 150.
G. prdunculatum, Boijle, I.e. — Of this and the preceding species no information is
given by Eoyle ; Smith has nowhere described a G. heterotrichon.
4. XIROBXITM, L'Herit.
Herbs, rarely undershrubs, with the branches swollen or jointed at the
nodes. Leaves opposite, often alternately smaller, stipulate. Flowers
usually regular, in axillary 1-flowered or umbelliferous peduncles. Sepals 5,
imbricate. Petals 5, liypogynous, with alternating glands. Stamens 5,
alternating with 5 stamiiiodes. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, long-beaked ;
styles 5, stigmatose Lmgitudinally ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell.
Capsule 5-lobed 5-cellf^d, cells 1-seeded ; carpels indehiscent, separating
septifragally from the axis, their beaks elastically coiling upwards from the
base to the apex of the axis, hairy on the inner surface, each with usually
VOL. I. r F
434 XXXII. GERANiACE,E. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Erud'mnu
2 pits at the top below the beak. ISeeds exalbuminous ; embryo incumbent
on the induplicate or ilexuous radicle. — Distrib. About 50 species, natives
of temperate regions in the Old World, wlience a few have escaped to the
New, and to the Southern Hemisphere.
* Beak of carpels ventrally clothed with rigid setae that disappear
towards the tip.
t Leaves l-2-3-pinnatisect.
1. S. cicutariuzn, Leman ; DC. Prodr. L 646; annual, leaves pin-
natisect pinnules pinnatifid not decurrent, sepals liiucronate, filaments
glabrous not toothed. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i 890. ? E. himalayanum, lioyle
III. 150.
Western India, from Sindh and the Panjab to Simla, ascending to 8000 ft. in
Little Tibet, near Iskardo. — Dihtkib. Westward to Algeria and throughout Europe
and temperate N. Asia; introduced elsewhere.
Pubescent and glandidar. Branches short or long, sometimes 2-3 ft. Leaven oblong,
pinnules 7-1 1 pairs sessile ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scarious. Peduncles
many-flowered ; pedicels hoary; bracts small, connate, ovate, hyaline. ySV^ff/* 5-uerved,
mar^'ined. Petab obovate, unequal, bearded at the base, purple, often spotted. Beak
of carpels 5 times as long as the cell, scabrous outside, almost glabrous above, pits
with a concentric fold. Seeds very smooth ; cotyledons 3-lobed.
2. H, ciconium, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 646 ; annual, leaves pinnatisect
pinnules pinnatitid decurrent, sepals awned, filaments ciliate not tootlied.
Boiss. FL Orient, i. 891.
Paxjab, near Kohat in the Salt Range, Stewart. — Distrib. Westward to Syria, the
Caucasus, and S. Europe.
Pubescent and viscid. Branches stout, ascending. Leaves ovate, pinnules toothed;
stipules ovate -lanceolate, long-acuminate, scarious. Peduncles longer than the leaves,
2-Go-flowered ; bracts scarious, mucronate, ciliate. Sipals ovate, membranous, with 3
glan(]ular hairy nerves with long cilia} and a long rough awn. Petals purple, obovate.
Carpels subuLate at the base, glabrous, with white hairs and a glabrous scar at the
tip, pits without a fold ; beak very long, scabrous outside, wi:h brown hairs at the top
and hmger setae below.
3. S. Stephanlanum, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 645 ; annual, leaves
2-pinnatisect segments decurrent acutely toothed, sepals awned, filaments
ciliate toothed on one side. Ledeh. Fl. Boss. i. 475 in jmit.
Western Tibet, Ladak and Nubra, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Siberia,
China,
Pubescent and pilose. Branches diffuse. Stipules cuneate, acute, ciliate. Peduncles 2-5-
flowered ; bracts linear, reflexed, ciliate. Sepals ovate, 5-nerved, ciliate, awn long. Pttals
as long as the sepals, broadly ovate, nerved, ciliate at the base. Carpels hispid. Seeds
glabrous, minutely aciculate. — The Siberian specimen in Herb. Kew. resembles the
Tibetan, and does not accord with Ledebour's description as to the stamens, which,
however, Chinese specimens do. ,
ft Leaves not pinnatisect.
4. B. tibetanum, Edrjew.; annual?, leaves 3-fid velvety beneath,
sepals obovate obtuse not awned, carpels not pitted below the beak.
Western Tibet, Fahoner ; Ladak Valley below Hanle, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Thoin-
son, Hay. ^
Hoary, almost stemless. Leaves oblong-ovate, more or less incisocrenate ; stipules
cimeate, scarious, ciliate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2- or more-liowered, bracts
ciliate. Sij>als pubescent, with a small knob in place of a mucro. Petals elliptic,
Erodium.] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 435
exceeding the sepals. Ovary silky. Carpels brown, stipitate, with stiff white hairs,
split on the back ; beak ^-l in. long, 3-4 times the length of the cell, rough on the
outer side, in the inner side with long brown hairs and a few setje, hairy to the tip. —
This resembles E. chium and (jegyptiacuniy which differ in their mucrouate sepals.
5. E. xnalacoides, WUld. ; BO. Prodr. i. 648 ; anuual, leaves 3-fid or
lacerate shortly pubescent, sepals awned, carpels pitted below the beak.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 803.
Panjab, Falconer; Indus Valley at Attok, Pesbawmr, and Hazara, Stewart. —
DiSTKiB. Westward to S. Europe and N. Africa.
Softly hairy, hairs on the stem deflexed. Stems erect or diffuse, elongate,
branched. Leaves ovate- oblong, acute or obtuse, shortly appressed-pubescent, lovver
cordate; stipules large, scarious, acute or obtuse. Inflorescence glandular; peduncles
3-many-flovvercd; bracts ovate, scarious, ciliate. Sepals membranous, two outer 5-
and three inner 3-nerved, awn hairy. Pttals ciliate at the base, obovate, lilac,- 9-nerved.
Filaments glabrous, lanceolate. Staminodes linear. Ovary hairy. Carpels stipitate,
3-gonous, setose ; beak 4-5 times as long as the cell, with stiff brown hairs for \ of itB
length ; pits with a deep fold.
** Beak of carpels plumose on the ventral face, with long soft cilia.
6. S. stipaceuxHf Edgew. ; hoary, annual, leaves oblong crenate-
toothed lobed or unequally pinnatifid, sepala silkily hoary apiculate, fila-
ments ciliate 5 inner the broadest, carpels slender hispid with transverse
wrinkles at the tip of the valves, beak very long.
WESTEitN Tibet? Vigne {Herb, Falconer); Panjab beyond the Indus in Bannu
Stewart.
Boot woody, but apparently annual ; branches straggling. Leaves ^-1 in., variable in
shape, oblong or linear- oblong ; petiole slender. Peduncles several-tlowered ; pedicels
short. Mowers ^in. dinm. Sepals concave, strongly 3-nerved. Petals narrow-cuneate,
equalling the sepals. Filaments subulate, ciliate, the inner series much the largest and
broadest. Frmt 3-4 in., slender, erect; carpels slender, narrowed into a stipes, terete,
transversely grooved at the base of the beak, covered with stiff' hairs with swollen
bases, beaks membranous, silky, hairs fulvous. — A very close ally of Monsonia hetero-
tricha, notwithstanding the different stamens.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
E. vioL^-FOLiuM, Turz. Mosc. Bull, xxxvi. i. 592. " Csesjutos^, diffuse, pilose,
leaves petiolate cordate obtuse sinuate-lobate crenate, with scattered adpressed hairs,
peduncles 3-5-flowered, calyx aristate, fruit densely hairy." — Western Peninsula, P,r-
rotet. '' Root fibrous, stalk 4-5 in. long, arista not plumose wl>en young." — Speci-
mens not seen, only known from the above (? Monsonia senegalensis).
E. NiLAGiRicuM, Scldcckt. Herb. Ind. Or. 1560, is an introdi^oed Cape Pelargo-
nium {P. grossularioides).
5. OXAI.IS, Linn,
Acid herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves radical or alternate, stipulate or ex-
stipulate, compound, usually 3-foliolate. Floioers on axillary 1- or more-
flowered peduncles, regular. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous,
contorted. Glands of the disk 0. Stamens 10, free or united at the base,
all anther-bearing. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled ; styles 5, distinct, stigma ter-
minal capitate 2-tid or laciniate ; ovules 1 or more in each cell. Capside
with loculicidal dehiscence, valves persistent to the axis. Seeds with an outer
fleshy coat which bursts elastically, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy;
embryo straight.— Distrib. JSpecies about 200, chiefly tropical and temperate
3. American and S. African.
JFF2
436 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (Edgewortli & Hook, f.) [O.rffHi^.
1. O. cornlculata, Linn. ; DC Prodr. i. 692 ; appressed-piibescent.
diffuse, creeping, leaves 3-foIiolate, stipules adnate to the petiole, peduncles
2-OD-fid, petals yellow notched. Boiss. Ft Orient, i. 866 : Wall. Cot. 4347 ;
Jioxh. Fl. hid. ii. 457 ; W. tf' A. Prodr. 142. O. repens, Tliunh. ; Wirjht I<\
t. 18. O. pusilla, Scdish. ; Roxh. I.e.
Throughout the warmer parts of India and Ceylon, ascending the Himalaya to 7000
f(. — DiHTRiB Cosmopolitan.
A very varinble weed, abundant in cultivated places. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets
ol>cordate. Flowers subumbellate. Sepal » obtuse, bracts setaceous, PetaU yellow,
obcordate. Fruiting-pedictls depressed. Capsule tomeutose, subcylindric, cells man}'-
steded. Seeds transversely ribbed.
2. O. Acetosella, Linn. ; DO. Prod. i. 700 : pilose, stemless, rootstock
creeping scaly, leaves all radical .3-foliolate leaflets broadly obcordate, sti-
pules large broad membranous, peduncles 1 -flowered, petals white. Boisk.
Fl. Onent. i. 806.
Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft.—
T>MTKin. N. Asia, Eiirope, N. Africa, N. America.
Petioles ^-{\m.\ leaHets ^-!^ in., obcordate, often purple beneath. Peduncle axil-
birv, slender, 2-bracteolate about the mi Idle. Floirers ^-f it. diam. Sepol-i oblong.
Petals obovate, white or pale-rose, veined with purple, eros--, cohering above the claw.
Capsule erect, cells 2-3-seeded. Seeds longitudinally ribbed.
3. O. GriffitMi, Edfjew. d' ITonl-. f. ; pilose or villous, rootstock creeping,
leaves all radical 3-foliolate leaflets trian^ilar retuse, 8ti])ules small ovate-
lanceolate, peduncles 1-flowered, petals >v']iite.
Temperate Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith ; Sikkim, in woods, alt. 8-10,000 ft.
/. D. H. : Khahia Mts., alt. .5-7000 ft., //./. A' T. /
Very similar to 0. Acetosdla, but the whole plant more hairy, leaflets triangular, and
stipules small.
6. BZOPKVTUM, De Cand.
Annual rarely perennial herbs, with simple or branched stems. Leavp$
abruptly pinnate, fascicled or almost whorled at the top of the stem ;
leaflets o]>positp, oblique ; petiole swollen at the base. Pedtnicles terminal ;
pedicels umbelled. Flowers small, yellow, rarely i)urple. Sejxds 5, lanceo-
late, acuminate. Petals 5. Stinnens 10, filaments free, 5 outer smaller.
Stales 6, stigmas notched at the apex or 2 fid. Oajiside ovoid or oblong or
subglobose, splitting loculicidally sometimes to the base into 5 s})reading
valves. Seeds as in (>.?(/ ^m.—Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa, and America.
Species about 20 ; various species have sensitive leaves which, and the
leaflets, close downwards. The flowers are dimorphous as regards the rela-
tive length of the styles and stamens.
* Stpni simple. Leaflets rounded or merely apiculate at Uie tip, tJie tertninal
pair usually. ilie larged.
I. B. sensitivim, DC. Prylr. i. 600; leaflets 6-15 pairs oblong nearly
stiai..,ht t::co;>t tlio terminal ti]) apiculate or not, peduncles long or short
vvX dubbed at the top, flowers shortly pedicelled, se})als usually much
exceeding the capsule, seeds with obliquely transverse tubercled ridges.
Pn.rh. Fl. Ind. ii. 457 ; W. dc A. Prodr. 162; Bot. Reg. xxxi. t. 68 ; Wall
Cat. 4343 C, E.
Biophytum.l xxxii. QERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 437
Throughout the hotter parts of India, ascending to 6000 ft. in the Himalaya, and
Ci:\LON. — DisTRiB. Tropical Asia, Africa, and America.
Stems long or short, slender or robust, hispidly pubescent. Leaves \\-b in.; peti"le
hispidulous or merely ciliate ; leaflets very variable in size, |-| in., sometimes arched
a little upwards, nearly equal at the base except the terminal one, which is obovate and
oblique at the contracted base, nerves few or many rather oblique often waved.
Peduncles very variable, 4-5 in., hispid, sometimes swollen at the tip ; bracts rigid,
setaceous; pedicels usually shorter than the sepals, sometimes equalling them <r a
little longer. /Sepals rigid, subulate-lanceolate, grooved, glandular and hispid. Petals
ustiaily twice as hmg as the sepals, yellow (sometimes purple?). Capsule elliptic,
shilling ; cells few-seeded. Seeds very vaiiable, minute, with transverse oblique acute
or obtuse ridges that are more or less broken up into tubercles.
Var. 1. Cantlolleana ; leaflets 10-15 pairs, more or less strigose or appressed pilose on
the upper surface, seeds both tubercled and grooved. B. Candolleanum, Wight 111. i.
161, t. 02 ; Wall Cat. 4343 D.— Western Peninsula, and Ceylon.
Var. 2. ass arnica ; leaves 3-7 in., leaflets 7-15 pairs glabrous, petiole and rachis
nearly glabrous, seeds turbinate smooth acutely furrow^ed, flowers yellow. Wall. Cat.
4343 G.— Assam.
Vak. 3. nervifoUa; leaflets about 12 pairs glabrous, nerves few strong and waved
beneath as in B. Apodiscias. B. nervirblium, Thivaites Enwn. 64. — Bengal, Ceylon.
Mr. Edge worth, who has laboriously studied the Indian forms of this genus, distin-
guishes as species — 1, B. Candolleanum, described above ; 2, B. sesbanioides, Edgew.
mss (Wall. Cat. 4343 A), with ciliate downy nerved leaflets, and (judging from dried spe-
cimens) parple flowers; 3,^. Cuminr/ianum, Turcz. in Bull, Mosc, with 6-15 pairs of
glabrous leaflets, and 4, B. j^oterioides, Edgew. mss. (Wall. Cat. 4343 B) which is stem-
less with 6-12 pairs of glabrous leaflets, strongly nerved beneath, purple petals and
shining not tubercled seeds with forked furrows.
2. B. Apodiscias, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. xxxvi. i. 599 (Aposcias hy
error) ; leaflets 5-7 pairs small shortly and reniformly obovoid widening
towards the rounded tip, nerves beneath few strong horizontal waved, pedi-
cels sessile, seeds with scattered tubercles. Oxalis sessilis, Hamilton in
Wall. Cat. 4344. 0. Petersii, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. Reis. Bot. t. 5.
Bengal, at Monghir, Hamilton; Assam, Griffith; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft,,
/. D. E. & T. T. ; xMysore and Carnatic, G. Thorns. Herb.
Annual. Stem 1-2 in., slender. Leaves 1-1 4 in., crowded; leaflets rather coria-
ceous, pale, the lowest smallest orbicular-ovate, the middle ones truncate at the base,
the terminal with a contracted oblique base and much arched midrib ; petiole puberu-
lous. Flowers ^ in. long. Sepals exceeding the pedicels. — Probably only a state of
B. sensltivam, approaching var. nervifoliwn, but distinguished by the small size, arched
midrib of the leaflets, absence of peduncle, and simply tubercled seeds.
3. B. adiantoides, Wight mss. ; leaflets 12-25 pairs linear-oblong tip
rounded very unequal at the base, midrib straight, peduncles slender,
pedicels equalling the sepals.
Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.
A very distinct and large species ; stem, petiole, rachis and peduncles tomentose and
pilose. Leaflets I in. long, sides nearly straight, base obliquely truncate, lower edge
short, upper long, sometimes produced into an obscure lobe at the anterior maigin.
Peduncles slender, with a clubbed mass of bracts at the apex. Ploivers imperfect.
4. B. Beinwardtii, Walp. Pep. i. 476 ; leaflets 10-20 pairs oblong tip
rounded equal at the base glabrous, midrib stniight, nerves slender oblique,
peduncles slender, pediJels equalling or exceeding, the small flowers,
cipsule almost equalling the small sepals. O.. sensitiva, Zucc. in JIanch.
Dtnki. ix. 183, t. v. B. 0. Keinwardtii, Zucc. in Munch. AO/utnd. i. 274.
438 XXXII. GERANlACEiE. (Edg-ewortli & Hook, f.) [Biophi/tum.
O. Metziana, Miq. in Herb. Hohenaclc. 144. O. graciknta, Kurz in Joum.
As. Soc. Bencj. 1870, ii. 68. O. seusi^iva, Wall. Cat. 4343 F, R.—BIicede
Hon. Mai. ix. 33, t. 19.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, as far to the N.W.as Garwhal ; and in Ceylon.
— DiSTitiB. China, Java.
But distingui-hed from ^. seTwtVi'ywm by the graceful habit, slender peduncles, and
small flowers with the capsule not much overtopped by the sepals. The seeds vary in
amount of furrowing and mbetcles exactly as in B. sensithum. The foUovring three
varieties -are regarded as species by Mr. Edgeworth : —
Vah. 1. Btinwardtn jyrai^er ; seeds spirally furrowed. 0. Reinwardtii, Zucc. in port.
1). Pensitiva, Linn. Herb, in part ; Wall. Cat. 4343 B 2.
Var. 2. nervioides; seeds deeply furrowed and tubercled.
Yar. 3. 3Iets)iana; seeds tui-binate 5-7 furrowed tuberculate. — To whicli should be
added —
Var. 4. gracilenta; seeds tubercled not furrowed.
^* Stem vsvfilly branched in a prdiferous nianner. Leaflets umaUy cm-
pidute or acuminate ; tlie temiinxd pair generally sliorter than the rest.
5. 8. nudum, Ao-ii. in Nov. Act. Acad. C(Ps. xviii. 32fJ; stem tall
simjile or branched, leafl«^ts 15-30 pairs linear-oblong obliquely abruptly
cuspidate equal at the base, midrib straight, nerves close-set, pedicels
equalling or exceeding the sepals, seeds tubercled not furrowed Wight
2/1. i. 161,
Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft.
Apparently annual. Strm i]-]H in., sometimes as stout as a goose-quill, often umlicl-
lately branched. Leaves 2-3 in., racl'is tomentose ; lealiets ^ in , glabrous, margins
thickened, base truncate. Peduifclen nlender, pubescent ; pedicels pilose. /Sejitth ^ in.,
scarcely exceeding tlie gk>bose capsule.
6. B. proliferum. Am. in Nmi Act. Acad. Ca's. xviii. 327; stem slender
prostrate C()])iously dichotoniously branched from a woody stock, l«ives
short, leaflets very small 5-lO-pairs oblong obliquely cuspidate, midrib
nearly straight, base equal, peduncles very short usually 1-tiowered, seeds
tubercled not furrowed. Wight III. i. 16:2.
Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft., W<dker, Gardner, kc.
A remarkable species, easily recognised by its excessively branched prostrate habit,
>ilf'ndir branches, minute leaflets, and solitary, rarely geminate flowers. Branches and
]K'duncles pubescent. Leaves rarely 1 in., in whorls; leaflets ^ in. long, usually gla-
brous above ; nerves oblique, slender. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves and than
the very slender pedicels. Sepals hairy, about as long as the leaflets. — I identify this
A ith Arnott's plant on the faith of two specimens thus ticketed by himself in Wight's
Ihrbarinm, though Arnott describes the umbel as 2-5-floweied. and the leaflets as
).il(ise above, and does not allude to the remarkable smallness of the foliage; whence I
suspect that he had both this and the following under his eye.
7. B. intermcdiuzn, Wi{jht III. i. 162 ; branches very numerous from a
stout woody rootstock slender dichotoniously branched, leaflets 15-20
]^:drs linear-oblong abruptly cuspidate, midrib somewhat arched, base equal,
peduncles usually exceeding the leaves several-flowered.
Ceyi.ox, Walker.
A much larger plant than B. proliferum, of a very different habit, having long
arching blanches arising from a woody .stock as thick as the finger. Leaves 2 in. long ;
leaflets \-^ in., glabrous or pilose above, margins sometimes ciliate, nerves close-set,
oblique ; petiole ciliate with loig hairs. Flowers three times as large as in B. proli-
ferum.—l have identified this by specimens in Wight^s Herbaiium ; which coutaius a
Biophytum.] xxxii. geraniace^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 4.39
somewhat similar plant (described below as a variety) from the Pulney Mountains that
differs in being apparently annual, and having more pilose foliage.
"iV-AV. \. pulney ense ; annual, stem simple below subumbellately branched above,
leaflets slightly hairy above. 0. sensitivum, Herh. Wight Kew Distrib. 302. —
Pulney Mts.
Var. 2. vertidllatum ; annual?, stem dichotomously branched, leaves and leaflets
smaller often much ciliated on one or both surfaces. B. verticillatum, Wiglit III. i. 162.
— J3. sensitivum var. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 4343 I.
8, B. polyphyllum, Munro in Wight III. i. 162 ; silky and villous,
stem stout umbellately branched, leaves long very narrow flexuous, leaflets
minute 30-50 pairs shortly falcate-oblong gradually and obliquely acuminate
terminal pair much the smallest.
NiLOHiRi Mts., at Kundalis, llunro.
An exceedingly curi )us and distinct species, remarkable for the slender, flexuous
leaves, 2-3 in. long, and very minute crowded leaflets, | in. long, which are not
abruptly cuspidate as in the pre(5eding species ; rachis villous with long hairs.
6.* AVSRRKOA, Linn.
Trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate with a terminal leaflet ;
leaflets subopposite. Flowers small, regular, in panicled axillary or ramal
cymes. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, contorted. Glands 0. Stamens 10,
united at the base, all perfect or 5 without anthers. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celied,
without a beak; styles 5, distinct, stigmas capitate ; ovules numerous in the
cells. Berry oblong, 5-lobed. Seeds naked or arilled, albumen scanty,
fleshy ; embryo straight. — Distrib. Three or four species, of which two are
copiously cultivated in many hot countries, probably both natives of the
New World, in which alone is a native s{)ecies found. Very likely both
were introduced by the Portuguese into India.
A. Carameola, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 689; leaflets 2-5 pairs ovate or
(•vate-lauceolate acute glabrous and glaucous beneath, fruit with acutely
angled lobes, seeds arillate. Koxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 450 ; W. S A. Prodr. 141 ;
Brandis For. Flor. 45; Beddome Fl. Syhat. 39. — Elieede Hort. Mai. iii.
t. 43, 44.
In gardens throughout the hotter parts of India as far north as Lahore. — Native
country unknown.
A small tree, densely branched. Leaflets 14-3 in. ; petiole stout, pubescent.
Floicers chiefly axillary, variegated white and purple. Calyx glabrous, half as
long as the petals. Stamens 10, 5 shorter without anthers, or sometimes 1 or 2 of
these longer and antheriferous. Ovary pubescent. Fruit 3 in. long, yellow ; aril
2-lobed, lacerate. — Two varieties are known, sweet and sour. The former is eaten
raw and cooked. Leaflets irritable to the touch.
A. BiLiMBi, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 689 ; leaflets 5-17 pairs oblong or
linear-lanceolate acuminate pubescent beneath, fruit with 5 rounded lobe.s,
seeds not arillate. Poxh. Fl. Lnd. ii. 451 ; W. d: A. Prodr. 142; Brandis
For. Fl. 46 ; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. lll.—Rheede Hort. Mai. 3, t. 45.
In gardens throughout the hotter parts of India, also naturalized as an escape. —
Native country unknown.
7. CONNAROFSZS, Planch.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnately 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets coriaceous, quite
entire, strongly nerved, triple-nerved at the base, margined. Flowers minute.
440 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Connaropsis.
regular, in terminal and axillary panicled cymes. Sepals 5, imbricate, connate
at the base. Petals 5, imbricate. GiandsX). iStamens 10, filaments united
at the base, the alternate shorter. Ovary 5-angled, 5-celled ; styles 5,
subulate, stigmas apiculate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit llesliy, 5-lobed. —
DiSTEiB. Three species, all from the Malayan archipelago.
1. C. monophylla, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; leaves 1 -folio] ate, leaflets
ovate obtusely acuminate shining above glaucous beneath, panicles pube-
rulous of slender spiciform erect branches.
Malacca, Griffith, Cuming, Maingay.
A small round-headed tree. LeajleU 2-3 in,, quite entire; petiole \ in., slender.
Panicles 3-5 in. lung. Si pals pubescent. Corolla suburceolate ; petals uhlong, blood-
red, tips suhrecurvfd. Ovary pilose. Fruit obtusely angk-d, 5-lurrowed ; endocavp
fibrous, sending outwards fibres which reticulately divide the saic(jcarp. Albumen
copious; embryo green, radicle terete. {Descr. chiefly from Griffith's notes.)
2. C. G-rlffithii, Planch, in Herb. Hook.; leaves 3-foliolate ovate or
elliptic-lanceolate long-acuminate opaque above, panicles short broad
tomentose. Hook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. lGi5 {name only).
Malacca, Griffith, Main gay.
A small tree. Branches woody, bark black. Leaflets 2i-3i in., pale, pubescent, as
are their short petioles ; nerves remote ; petiole f in., that of the leaflets \ in. Inflores-
cence ferruginous. Flowers usually all antheriferous. A<tamens usually on the old wdcd,
4 in. long, brown purple. Fruit 2 in,, yeliow. — Kurz {Journ. As. aSoc. Bengal, J87o,
ii. (39), considers that tins shoul<l bear the name of C. dlctrsijblia, because it was first
described as liourea diversifolia by Miquel {Fl. hid. Bat. JSuppl. 528), a view I cannot
adopt, seeing that Miquel put it not only in a wrong genus, but in a wrong Natural
Order, and that the trivial name diversifolia is not applicable. Moreover, I doubt C.
Griffithil being the same with Miquel s plant, which latter has hicid leaves, whereas
those of C. Griffithii are singularly opaque.-— i'Vu/i acid, eaten cooked, pickled or pre-
served with sugar. Leaves irritable to the touch.
8. ZBIFATZ&NS, Linn. ' (By J. D. Hooker.)
Herbs, rarely shrubby at the base. Leaves opposite or alternate, in some
whorled, in others all radical, simple, exstiimlate, or with stipular glands
at the base of the petiole. Flowers in scapes, or in axillary or terujinal
1-2-many-flowered peduncles, irregular, resupinate. Sepals 3 rarely 5, im-
bricate ; 2 anterior when present minute ; 2 lateral small, flat, usually
green ; posterior (anterior in flower) large, petaloid, produced into a iioUow
spur or sac. Petals 3 (or 5) ; anterior (outer in bud) large ; lateral 2-lobed
(or 2 connate). Stamens 5, filaments short, broad ; anthers cohering. Li^k 0.
Ovary oblong, 5-ceIled ; stigma sessile, 5-tootlied ; ovules many, 1-seriate in
each cell. Capsule loculicidal ; valvies 5, elastically springing aw^ay from a
placentiferous axis. Seeds smocth or tubercled, glabrous or hairy, albu-
men ', embryo straight.— Distrib. Mountains of trop. Asia and Africa, rare
iu temp. Europe, N. America, N. Asia, and S. Africa; species about 150.
The species of Impatiens are difficult of determination, in a dried state especially ;
and for Beddome's I am chiefly dependent on his published plates. Minute flowers
fertilized in the bud occur in some species apart from the others. The following
arrangement is that suggested by myself in the Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. iv.
p. lOG (Dec. 1859), with the addition of the Peninsula species subsequently described by
i3eddome, and with the important change consequent on dividing the gepus into two
principal groups, a Himalayan, with slender terete or obovate capsules, and a chiefly
Peninsular group, with the capsule short and swollen in the middie. To avoid ver-
biage I shall employ the same t<irma used in that arrangement, of Sepals fur the 2
Impatiens.] xxxii. qeraniace^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 441
lateral sepals (or 4 when present) ; Lip for the spurred sepal ; Standard for the petal
next the'axis; and Wings for the combined pairs of lateral petals.
Conspectus of Sections.
Series JBL. Capsule ellipsoid or oblong, short, (rarely | in.), turgid in
the middle. Seeds rounded, often with a shining brittle or hairy testa.
—Chiefly Peninsular, Ceylon and Khasian species. — Capsule slender in /.
Kleinii, tHlobata, and perhaps in a few other species of group iii.
A I. — ScAPiGER^. Root-stock tuberous, perennial. Leaves all radical.
Scape slender ; flowers racenied. — All Westeim Peninsula and Ceylon.
(Sp. 1-9.)
A II. — Oppositipoli^. Annual. Leaves all opposite, or the upper ran ly
all whorled in threes (never alternate), usually acutely serrate. Pedicels
solitary or fascicled. Seed^ few, large, testa black glabrous. — The pedicels
of /. Lawii, salicifolia, and others are sometimes arranged on a short pe-
duncle. (Sp. 10-25.)
A III. — Subverticillat^. Annual. Leaves all opposite or subopposite,
or the lower alternate and upper opposite or whorled, rarely all alternate.
Peduncles 1- or more-flowered. Seeds often villous or hairy. (Sp. 2tJ-36.)
A IV.— UNtsi^OR-E. Mostly annual. Zeaves all alternate, usually rather
distant. Flowers solitary or fascicled ; pedicels not crowded on a common
peduncle. (Sp. 37-53.)
A V. — LATERiFLORiE. Leavcs all alternate, rather distant, not all ap-
proximate or whorled. ' Peduncles axillary, 1-3 rarely 4-5-flowered ; flowers
racemose (not umbelled). (Sp. 51-57.)
A VI.— Epiphytic^. Succulent short stemmed epiphytes. Peduncles
1-2-flowered. Standard and wings very small ; lip very large, laterally
compressed and saccate. — Western Peninsula. (6'p. 58-60.)
A VII. — Umbellate and Subcapitat^. Leaves all alterilate, rarely
opposite, often crowded at the end of the stem or branches and almost
whorled. — Flowers in ped uncled dense racemes or subumbelled corymbs;
bracts often conspicuous.— Chiefly Western Peninsula and Khasia Mts.
(Sp. 61-76.)
A viiT. — Racemose. Leaves usually crowded upAvards, all alternate.
Peduncles many, subterminal, elongate, at length exceeding the leaves, many-
flowered. Flowers racemose, rarely whorled or fascicled. (Sp. 11-Sl.)
Series B. Capsule elongate, linear or clavate, rarely shortly clavate
Seeds oblong or obovoid, compressed \ testa usually rugulose, opa(iue,
coriaceous, quite glabrous.— Chiefly Himalayan and Khasia Mts. species.
(Capsule doubtful in /. tropa^olifol:ia, Griff.)
B I.— Oppositifoli^ and VERTiciLLATiE. Leavess]\ opposite or whorled or
a few alternate. — Stout, tall, succulent, annual species, with subumbelled,
often purplish flowers on long peduncles. (Sp. 88-91.)
B n. — UNiFEORiE. Leaves all alternate. Flowers solitary or rarely
2 together, on slender axillary pedicels. (Sp. 92-94.)
B III. — AxiLLiFLOR^E. Leaves all alternate. Flowers in axillary 2-4-flow-
ered peduncles, not umbelled or nicemeJ. (Sp. 95-106.)
442 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineoe, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
B IV. — SuBUMBELLAT^. Leaves all alternate, very rarely opposite.
Peduncles usually fascicled towards the top of the stem or branches, many-
flowered. Flowers in interrupted racemes, subumbelled or whorled, often
large purplish, small and yellow in /. radiaia. (8p. 107-111.)
B V. — Racemose. Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite. Peduncks
usually fascicled towards the top of the stem or branches. Flowers often
small^ in uninterrupted racemes, usually yellow. (Sp. 112-122.)
A. Capsule short, trapezoid or ellipsoid.
A I.— SCAPIGERiE.
* Spur shorter than the flower or 0. Wings 3-lobed, except in I. orchioides.
1. Z. Beddomel, Hook.f. ; quite glabrous, leaves orbicular or reniform-
cordate, bracts obtuse or subacute, standard short broader than long,
wine-lobes 3 subequal retuse, spur incurve^ clavate obtuse. I. scapiflora,
W. ^' A. Prodr. 137 in jxirt ; Wight III t. 967; //./. d^ T. in Joum. Linn.
Soc. iv. 118 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomh. Flor. 43, not of Heyne.
Mountains of Malabar; near Dodabtt, Coonnoor, and elsewhere in the Nilghlris,
Wight. J
A foot high or less. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., fleshy, quite entire or obscurely crenate-
sen-ate ; nerves flali^llate. Itaci'ines 1-4 in. ; bracts broadly ovate ; pedicels slender.
Flowers 4 in. diani. ; sepals broadly and obliquely ovate; wings with three subequal
phort truncate retuse lobes; spur rather shorter tliau the flower. Cupsulc ^ in., elliptic.
Sced.'i minute, granulate. — Being obliged to find a new name for this beautiful plant, I
have selected that of Col. Beddouie, who has made the Peninsular species his special
study.
2. I. modesta, Wight in Madr. Joum. v. 13 ; Ic. t. 968; leaves ovate-
cordate acute crenate-serrate sparsely hairy above, bracts with thickened
tips, standard short broader than long, wings with 3 subequal obtuse lobes,
spur recurved short obtuse. I. tenuis, Bedd. in Madr. Joum. ser. 2, iv. 69,
t. 7, f. 12; Ic. Pl.Ind. 6>r. p. 31.
Mountains of Malabar; Nilghiri, and Sivagherry hills, Wight. Anamallay hills,
alt. 5-7000 ft., Bcddome.
A foot high or less. Leaves 1-5 in. ; basal lobes tounded, with a rounded sinus on
each side of the petiole. Scape very slender: raceme 1-2 in ; pedicels capillary;
bracts much smaller and narrower than in Beddamei. Floicen^ ^ in. diam., pink ;
sepals small. CajJs iile ^-\ m., eWintxc, acute at both ends. Seeds minute. {Wings
pubescent on the surface, Bcddome!)
.3. I. Stocksil, //, /. <£: T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 119; very small,
quite glabrous, leaves orbicular oblong or broad-ovate obtuse crenate base
acute or rounded, bracts acute, standard orbicular, lip boat-shaped spur
less. Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 42.
Mountains of the Concan, Law, Stocks.
]\luch the smallest of the Scapigernus section, 1-4 in. Leaves 4-f in. diam., tip
obtuse or rounded, nerves flabellate ; petiole as long or shorter than the blade; pedicels
thick for the size of the plant; bracts small, ovate. Florcers few, .3-6. Sepals broadly
ovate, obtuse; standard as broad as long, not very concave, obtuse, rather rhomboid;
\vins:s with three obtuse lobee, the lower rather the longest. Coptsule \ in., elliptic,
turgid, acute. See,ds minute, linear-oblong.
4. Z. crenata, Bedd. in Madr. Joum. ser. 2, iv. 69. t. 7, f. 10 ; Ic. PI.
Jnd. Or. p. 31 ; leaves orbicular-reniform or cordate crenate, scape very
Impatiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsaminea?, Hook, f.) 443
slender few-flowered, standard broader than long very concave, spur short
obtuse. I. Akka, £eddome, I.e. 69, f. 11.
Malabar, in the Anamallay and Akka Mts, alt. 5-8000 ft., Beddome.
I have not seen this species, which Beddome describes as perhaps not distinct from
/. Stocksii ; from which, however, it seems to diifer in the large flowers, long scapes,
short pedicels, shape of the standard, and presence of a distinct spur, as well as in the
habitat. Though originally described as different plants, Beddome subsequently united
bis /. crenata and AkJca, which according to his descriptions differ in the first having
hairy nerves on the leaves above, short petioles, and a crenate standard ; both have
hairy upper surfaces of the wings and large flowers (how large is not stated), pure white
with a blue tuft of hairs in /. crenata.
5. Z. orchioides, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 31, t. 151; leaves ovate-
cordate obtuse acuminate very hairy above, bracts ovate, standard ovate,
wings with two subulate tails, lip saccate spurless.
Koondah Mts. in Malabar, near Avalanche Ghat, Beddome.
Leaves li-2 in., glabrous beneath, crenatures bristle-pointed; petiole very long.
Scape 6-7-fiowered ; pedicels very slender. Floicers ^ in. diam., like those of a
Liparis, reddish-brown ; sepals ovate ; standard obtuse, not vaulted ; wings with a
dimidiate oblong blade produced into two pendulous tails longer than itself; lip acute.
Capsule contracted at both ends. Seeds minute scrobiculate. — Description from Bed-
dome, who describes the sepals as small, but figures them as remarkably large for the
size of the plant.
** Spw longer than the flower. Wings ^-lohed {except in I. acaulis).
6. X. acaulis, Am. in Hook. Comp^ Bot. Mag. i. 325 ; glabrous, leaves
orbicular ovate-cordate or oblong, base acute rounded or cordate (not deeply
2-lobed), standard obovate very concave, wings 2-partit^e terminal lobe
largest, spur very slender. Thwaites Enimi. 68 ; Dah. <t Gibs. Bomb.
Flor. 42 ; //./. <i: T. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. iv. 118 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Lyl Or.
p. 31. I. scapiflora, Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 3587 ; W. d' A. Prodr. 137, irCpart.
I. bulbosa, Moon Gat. 18. I. gracilis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ser, 2, iv. 69,
t. 7, f. 13.
Mountains of the central province of Ceylon ; alt. 3-5000 ft., and of Malabar and
the CoNCAN ? ~
Very variable in size and robustness, 2-12 in. high. Leaves 1-6 in. ; usually on
slender petioles, more or less crenate. Scape stout, Raceines 1-4 in. ; bracts broad;
pedicels stout, 1 in. FlotoBrs \-\ \ in. broad ; sepals broadly ovate ; standard short, broader
upwards ; wings variable in the length and breadth of the segments, which are falcate and
truncate ; spur very slender, variable in length. Capsule \-^ in., ellipsoid, acute at bi-th
ends. — Thwaites suspects that the Ceylon plant cannot be scapiflora^ because W'allichae-
scribes the spur as several inches long, but in some of our specimens it attaiirs 3 inches.
^\'ight and Arnott, in the Prodromus, apparently confound acaulis with the true /. scapi-
fiora. There is so much diversity in the foliage of specimens which the 2-partite
wing obliges me to refer to this species, that I cann(jt but repeat that this and the
three following may prove to be forms of one. Some have the orbicular reniforni
leaves of /. scapijlora, others the ovate-cordate and pilose leaves of /. rivalis (notably
Thwaites, No. 2595), others the elliptic leaves of /. rivalis, var. 2, and still others the
oblong leaves with rounded sinus of 7. Denisonii. The species of this group cannot be
determined from dried specimens. Beddome (7c. PI. Ind. Or. p. 31) states that 7. acaulis
and rivalis " could never be confounded except in dried specimens."
7. Z. scapiflora, Ilei/ne in Boxb. FL Ind. ed. Garey., ii. 464 ; leaves
orbicular cordate or reniform sinus usually deep and broad above tip
rounded obscurely crenate serrate, standard large oroicular rliouiboiJ, wings
with 3 broad segments, spur very slender.
444 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) [Mpaiiens,
Mountains of Malabar, Heyne ; Bababud, Herh. Bottler.
A specimen of this plant in Eottler's Herbarium, labelled by himself " /. scapijlora,
Heyne," may, I assume, be regarded as authentic for the plant discovered by the
author of the species. It is certainly not the plant which bears this name in the
Linnean Journal (see /. Beddomei), which has a short spur and 2-partite wings ; it en-
tirely resembles round-leaved forms uf /. acawZw, except in the 2-partite wings. The
leaves are evidently tieshy, obscurely crenate, with radiating nerves ; the bracts thick,
and scape and pedicels stout. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; segments of wings recurved-falcate
linear, rather bioad, tips rounded.
8. 1. rlvalis, WigfU in Madr. Jmirn. v. 13, t. 8 ; Ic. t. 751 ; leaves
ovate-cordate with an acute sinus or a rounded base or elliptic and acute at
both ends crenate-serrate usually hairy above, standard broader than long
vaulted, wings 3-partite, spur very long. 11. f. <i' T. in Journ. Linn. JSoc.
iv. 119..
Mountains of the Concan, Canara, Malabar, and Travancor, alt. 5-8000 ft.
Very variable in stature, 6-18 in. high. Leaves extremely variable in form and
pubescence, feather-nerved, never orbicular-reniform with a broad sinus as in /. scajA-
jiora and Denisonii. — Except by the wings I do not see how some epecinuns are to L>e
distinguished from 1. acaulis, but lieddome says they " never could be confounded ex-
cept in diied examples;" he reduces his verrucosa to this species (Ic. PI. lud. Or. p. 31).
. Var. 1. leaves 2-5 in. ovate-oblong hairy acute, base rounded or cordate. night
Ic. t. 757.
Var. 2. leaves 4-8 in. elliptic acute at both ends, petiole as long very stout. —
Concan, Stocks.
Var. 3. leaves 3-4 in. ovate -cordate, wings with a batch of warts on the upper sur-
face. I. verrucosa, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iv. 69, t. 7, f. 9.
9. Z. Denlsonii, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 30, 1. 161 ; leaves ovate-cordate
obtuse or acute crenate pilose above base deeply 2-lobed sinus broad,
scape and pedicels very long and slender, standard broadly ovate vaulted,
wings 3-partite bearded on the inner face, lateral segment with a filiform
appendage enclosed in the long recurved spur.
NiLGHiRi Mrs. ; abundant in the Hisparah ghat, alt. 4-5000 ft., Beddome.
Apparently very near to 7. rm/Zi*, differing in the deeply 2-lobed base of the leaf,
smaller Howers, (^ in. diam.) with much narrower ami longer segments to the wincrs.
and in the (nnious filiform appendages of tiie latter that descend into the spur as in /.
raccmosa, and which are no doubt concerned in the process of fertilization. I suspect
that Herb. Wight. Kew Disirib. 310 is referable to this, not to /. acaulis.
A II. — OPPOSITIFOLIiE.
* Sjnir as long as the flower or longer.
10. Z. chinensis, Linn.; glabrous, stem angled, leaves all opposite
subsessile linear-oblong or obovate, stiimles setaceous, sepals linear,
standard orbicular, wings semi-obovate entire base auricled, spur very
slender incurved. Lah. <(!• (Jibs. Bomb. Ft. 42 ; //./. <Ss T. in Journ. Linn.
JSoc. iv. 119. I. fasciculata, Lamk. Diet. i. 359; Wight Ic. t. 748; W. dc A.
Prodr. 138; Hook. Lot, Mag. t. 4631. I. heterophylla, Wail, in lioxb. Fl. Ind.
ed. Carey J il 458 ; Cat. 4748. I. setacea, CoI.eh. in llook. Exot. Flor. t. 137.
Ealsamina fasciculata and B. chinensis, DC. Prodr, i. QSQ.—Rheede Ilwt.
Mai. ix. t. 47.
Bhotan, Griffith; mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Tra-
vancor, alt. 5-8000 ft ; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Birma, Wallich ; Tenasserim,
Hdfer; Malacca, Griffith.— Distuib. China.
A very variable aud beautiful plant. Stem 4-1 G in., erect from a rooting prostrate
Tnipatiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. {\ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 445
base. Leaver § to nearly 4 in., serrate, linear-oblong obovate or almost rounded,
sharply serrate, acute or obtuse, base acute rounded or subcordate, glabrous or spars'dy
h;iiry, rather thick, glaucous beneath, basal serratures often setaceous ; stipules subu-
late, gland-tipped, recurved. Pedicels shorter or longer than the leaves, solitary or
fascicled, fruiting defiexed. Flowera ^-A. in. diara., rose-purple or white ; penanth
flat ; lip boat-shaped. Capsule ^-| in., elliptic, turgid in the middle. Se<'d-i many,
shortly oblong, smooth, nearly black, shining. — -The Linneau type is a straight broad-
leaved form, but the narrow-leaved occurs in China.
11. X. G-riffithii, li.f. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 120 ; lower leave?
opposite petioled uppermost sessile whorled in threes, all narrow linear-
laiice(jlate, sepals ovate-oblong acuminate, standard broad obcordate
spurred behind, wings broadly 2-lobed, spur long filiform.
Eastern Peninsula; Mounts Ophir and Gerai, &c., alt. 3000ft., near Malacca,
Griffith, &c.
A beautiful species, closely allied to /. chinensis, but very distinct in the foliage, all
the leaves being narrowed at the base, and the upper in threes ; they are 1^-4 in. long,
rather thick, whitish beneath, glabrous and somewhat hairv on the upper surface, as is
the stem sometimes, teeth remote, lower setaceous. JPed'cels solitary, very rarely in
pairs. Flowers 1 in. diam., perianth flat, rose-lilac. Capsule unripe, like that of
/. chinensis.
12. I. G-ardnerlana, Wight Ic. t. 1050; nearly glabrous, stem creeping
at the base, leaves whorled in threes sessile or sliortly petioled ovate-
oblong acute sharply serrate, sepals short, standard obovate apiculate
dorsally winged, wings 2-lobed, lobes similar obovate retuse, lip boat-
shaped with a long slender spur. H.f, d^ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 121.
Pastures below Sisparah in the western slopes of the Nilghiri Mts., Wight c0
Gardner.
Stem procumbent at the base and rooting, simple, ascending. Leaves \\-2 in.,
distinctly petioled, very sharply seriate, ciliate towards the base. Pcdanch.s longer
than the leaves, filiform. Sepals ovate, acuminate ; wings very short and subequally
2-lobed, neither of the lobes clawed, the terminal rather the larger. Capsule oblong',
small, pointed, glabrous. — 1 have seen no specimens of this plant ; that so named in
Wight's Herbarium and distributed from it (No. 312) is an opposite-leaved species, with
a very short spur, and wholly differently shaped wings.
13. I. setosa, //. /. <i\ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 123; stem branched,
leaves all opposite or uppermost whorled most of them long petioled elliptic-
lanceolate acuminate distinctly serrulate, upper sessile with long cilia at the
base, stipules of many setae, standard suborbicular with a dorsal wing,
wings broad, spur very slender.
Mountains of Malabar ; Agamalay, near Palaghautcherry, Wight ; Sisparah Ghat,
alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome.
A tall erect branched annual, 1-2 ft. high ; stems below as stout as a goose-qm'll,
quite glabrous, minutely dotted with black ; branches opposite. Leaves 2-4 in., the
lower on petioles ^-l in. ; petiole and both surfaces sparsely pubescent, margins at the
base and stem at the upper nodes with long cilia. Pedicels quite glabrous, solitary or
twin, slender, equalHuii: the leaves. Floivers 1 in. diam, ; perianth rotate, violet -purple;
sepals rather large, ciliate, apiculate ; standard suborbicular. with a broad dorsal wing ;
wings broad, 3-Iobed ? ; spur curved upwards. Capsule (diseased) 1 in. long, terete,
very slender.
14. I. XLleinil, W. d: A. Prodr. 140; slender, branched, nearly gla-
brous, leaves all opposite usually petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblong or
obovate acute or acuminate distantly serrulate, pedicels glabrous, stipules
of 2 glands or obsolete, flower small, sepals linear-subulate, standard small
446 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
orbicular, wings with lonsr claws broadly obovate almost entire, spur
slender, capsule narrow. Wiffht Ic. t. 884 ; //./ d: T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
iv. 122 ; Dalz. d' GUjs. Bomb. Flor. 43. I. tenella, Wall. Cat. 4746 B. Balsa-
mina minor, JJC. Prodr. i. Qm.—Mlieede llort. Mai. ix. t. 50, 51.
Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards, common in the
rains.
A slender herb, rarely 1 ft. high; branches opposite, spreading. Leaves 1-1^ \r\.^
very variable, glabrous or pilose above, glaucous beneath, rarely sessile, u'^ually nar-
rowed into a slender petiole. Ptdicels «lender, solitary or twin, reflexed in fruit.
Flowers ^ in. diam., violet-purple ; spur harrlly exceeding the flower or longer, more or
less ascending. Capsule ^ in., ellipsdiil-lanceolate. ^eed-t few, subglobose, black,
shining. — The small flower, long spur, entire clawed wings, and small capsule with lew
globose seeds together best distinguish this variable plant. I never And the pedicel
to have a liae of pubescence as in /. tenella and iiiconsjncua.
15. X. diversifolia, Wall. Cat. 4749 ; diffuse with ascending branches,
quite glabrous, leaves all opposite faintly serrate lower shortly petioled
elliptic or oblong obtuse, upper sessile lincar-obiong or ligulate base cor-
date, sepals linear acuminate, standard small, wings bruadly semi-obovate,
spur long filiform. W. d: A. Prodr. 139; H. J. <(• T. in Joarn. Linn. Soc,
iv. 121. I. heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 4748 B. I. Arnottiana, J/«Vy. wi //err6.
HoJienadc. 275.
Wk.stekx Peninsula, from Canaua to Malabar, Heyne, &c. ; Quilon, Wiyht;
Bababoodan hills, Law.
*Stcvis very succulent, a foot or more long, rooting at the nodes. Leaves \-3 in.,
the lower smallest and usually petioled, npper often dilated at the base, serratures
rarely well defined, all very flaccid when dry; stipules obscure, glandular. Pedicels
.solitary or twin, with a faint line of pubesceme, usually longer than the leaf, deflexed
in fruit. Flowers f in. diam. ; perianth rosy, rotate; spur ascending, sometimes
thick, inflated, ecjualling or exceeding the flower. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, tur<;id.
tSeeds globose, dark brown, smooth, shining. — Copious specimens in VVight's Herbarium
prove this to be a very variable plant, sometimes of considerable size, and not the small
species it was assumed to be in the Linnean Journal. Some specimens, probably
gathered in marshy places, have very thick succulent stems and large leaves, flaccid
when dry, and others are very slender with leaves not | in. in breadth.
16. Z. ligrulata, Pedd. in 2fadr. Journ. ser. 2, iv. 67, t. 7, f. 6 ; Ic. PL
Ind. Or. ]). 30, t. 149 ; branched, erect, glabrous, leaves uniform subse.ssile
linear-ligulate mucronate base cordate remotely serrate lii-sjad above, stipules
setaceous or 0, pedicels with a pubescent line, sepals linear- lanceolate,
vstandard small, lateral wing-h)bes broad almost hatchet-shaped, terminal
very slender descending into the spur, spur as long as the flower stout
incurved.
Mountains of Travancor and Malabar, alt. 1-2500 ft , Bedilome.
Stem 1-2 ft. ; branches slender, spreading. Leaves 3-4 in., horizontal, very uniform
in all the specimens, though piobably the species occurs with broad and petioled lower
leaves. Pedicels 1 or more, very slender, about half the length of the leaves. Flowers
about 1 in., pink or white ; standard with a dorsal pubescent line ; spur undulate Cap-
sxde ellipsoid, swollen in' the centre. Seeds about 12, glabrous, shining. — When dry it
is difficult, except by the spur, to distinguish tliis from narrow-leaved states of /. in-
coiispicua, tenella, and oppositifolia ; and, except from the breadth of the spur, from
/. divers (folia, it being difficult to make out the curious structure of the 2 wing-lobes
(that descend into the spur), except on fresh specimens. According to Beddome's
figure it is the terminal lobes that are reduced to nan-ow ligulfe and descend into the
spur ; but as far as I can make out from dried specimens, it is the lateral lobes ; they are
filiform, much longer and more slender than Beddome represents, aud dilated at the apex.
Impatiens.j xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 447
** Sjmr shorter than the flower or 0.
] 7. Z. tenella, Heym i7i Wall. Cat. 4746 A ; small, slender, erect,
glabrous, leaves all opposite sessile or shortly petioled ligulate oblong or
lanceolate remotely serrate, stipules obscure or 0, pedicels with a line of
pubescence, sepals linear acuminate, standard short, terminal lobe of wing
clawed elongate lateral small, spur shorter than the flower, capsule clavate
pointed few-seeded. W. & A. Prodr. 140 ; H.f.& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
iv. 123. ?I. rosmarinifolia, Retz ; Wight Ic. t. 750. I. tehuicula, SteucL
Nom. ed. 2, i. 804.
Mouutains of Malabar, Heyne; and the Concan, Jacquemont.
Stem 4-10 in., simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 1-4 in., the upper or all nnr-
row, sessile with a subcordate base, the lower (rarelj all) usually narrow lanceolate and
petioled. Pedicels 1-3, solitary or fascicled, c;ipillary, erect horizontal or deflexed in fruit.
Ftowers about \ in,, pink? Capsule glabrous, ^ in., straight, long- beaked. Seeds few, orbi-
cular, compressed, shining, black. — Avery obscure plant, probably a variety of/. Kleinii^
intermediate between it and /. inconspicua. There is a specimen in Bottler's Herbaiium,
marked /. longifiora, Heyne, from Bababud. Wight's I. rosmarinifolia ? has a very
short spur.
Var. brachycarpa ; spur very slender as long as the flower, capsule shorter \ in.
ellipsoid acute at both ends. Herb. Wight. — Cochin, Johnstone, Mysore, Lobb. Leaves
4 in. long, ligulate from a cordate sessile base in Cochin specimens.
18. I. inconsplcua, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4741 ; flaccid, glabrous, mucli
branched from the base, leaves serrate lower ovate or oblong and petioled
upper linear sessile or all ovate or all linear, stipules setaceous or 0, pedi-
cels very slender shorter than the leaves with a line of pubescence, sepals
linear-subulate, wings with a broadly rhomboid obovate clawed terminal
lobe and small lateral lobe, lip saccate acuminate not spurred. W. d: A.
Prodr. 139 ; Wight Ic. t. 970 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 43. I. pusilla, Heyne
in Wall. Cat. 4745 ; H. f. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 122. I. filiformis,
W. (& A. Prodr. 140. I. mysorensis. Both in Wall. Cat. 4743 in pari. I. Per-
rotettii, Turcz in Bidl. Soc. Nat. IIosc. 1863, i. 694.
Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Malabar ; common at
3-8000 ft.
Steins 4-12 in., robust or slender, erect. I^eaves ^ -4 in., upper always narrowed and
most lemotely serrate, often very slender, glabrous or pubescent above, pale or glaucous
beneath. Pedicels always with one line of pubescence, solitary or geminate, shorter
than the leaf, deflexed in fruit. Sepals very long and narrow ; wings with a large
rounded almost obovate clawed terminal lobe, and small linear lateral one. Capsule
^ in., turgid in the middle, acute at both ends. Seeds few, almost globose, but a little
compressed, black shining. — Of this very variable plant there appear to be two extreme
and totally distinct forms, but the WalHchian specimens, which are all under-sized, are
so bad, that I cannot satisfactorily determine to which of them any of the synonyms
quoted above should apply. One of these two forms is usually shorter, and has all the
leaves ^-| in., petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, and sharply serrate ; it is the /. in-
conspicua of Wight's Icones, t. 970, /. tenella of Heyne, according to a specimen so
named in Bottler's Herbarium, but certainly not Eottler's tenella. The other extreme
form is much larger, with leaves 14-2 in., narrow-ligulate, remotely serrate, often
rounded or subcordate at the base; this is the I. filiformis of Wight's Herbarium, but
diflers from the description in Wight and Arnott in the pedicels not being confined to the
■ uppermost leaves. /. mysorensis,y^&\\. Cat. 4743 B, is a very small state of inconspicua
and not the true plant. /. ramosissima, Dalz., referred in the Journ. Linn. Soc. to /.
tomentosa, Dalz., is another form, with a minute rudimentary spur. Between the ex-
treme forms there are innumerable connecting links ; and I retain the name inconspicua,
as the most applicable, the flowers being amongst the smallest of the genus. Beddome
adopts the synonymy of the Prodromus for /. inconspicua, and says that he does not
448 XXXII. OERANIACE^. (§ Balsamineffi, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
know I. tevella (Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 82). Upon the whole, I am disposed to separate the
varieties as Q)llows : —
Var. 1. ivcompicua projycr ; stem 4-8 in. nsTially more robust, leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate petiolate stri-nglj serrate, peduncles usually short. I. inconspicua, WigJit Ic.
t. 970.
Var. 2. pusilfa; smaller, lower leaves more or less petioled lanceolate and serrate,
nppev longer narrow subbessile remotely serrate. I. pusilla, Heyne in Wall. Cat.
4<4.M.
\ AR. 3. fiUformis; slender and much branched, leaves subeessile very long slender
reri otely senate the lower sometimes petioled and lanceolate. I. filiformis, W. & A.
Prodr. 140 (a small few-flowcr»-d form).
Vak. 4. ramosisihna ; robust, much branched, leaves uniform short sessile oblong
nbiuse at both ends, lip with a very minute spnr. /. ramosusima, Dalz. in Hook. Kew
Joum. Bot. iii. 230.
19. Z. oppoBltlfolla, Linii.; erect, leaves .subsessile narrow-linear
elonerate remotely serrate, or the lower oblong or linear-oblong and petioled,
i<ti]nilea subulate, i>edicels quite glabrous, sepals linear acuminate, wings
with a broad ly-obovate clawed terminal lobe and a small lateral one, lip
conical ending in a short stout incurved spur. Wi\jht Ic. t. 883 ; W. d: A.
rrodr. 139 ; iJah. <(- G'ihs. Bomb. Fl. 43 ; //./ <{• T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv.
121. I. rosmarinifulia. Retz. Obs. v. 29; Ani. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i.
3:^5. Balsaniina rosmarinifolia and oppositifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 686.
Mountains of Malabar, Canara, and the Concan, alt. 3-5000. Ceylon, abundant
fn m the sea-level to 7000 ft., TJucaitts.
Ihis is another plant so clo.stly allied to /. tenellfi and incorvtpicua^ that I do
not see how tlie.\ arc always ili.stin.i:ulisliablf, in a dried state at any rate, except by the
s}>ur and glabrnus pedicels. Ceylon specnniens are remarkably uniform, 12-18 in., erect,
t'.iuiple or t-paringly branched, stipulate with very n.irrow leaves 1^-3 in., flowers 4- j
in. long (from standard to tip of wings), and a short stout incurved spur; but Peninsu.ar
s])ecimen8 have more often broadly oblong shortlypetioled leaves, sometimes roundeil at
the lip. Kottler's specimens are excesnively slender and flaccid. The spur is tolerably
uniform in all, being horned, and the peduncles invariably glabrous; the capsule and
heed are quite like those of /. ivcormpicua. I had (in Linn. Joum.) referred to this
A\'ight"s figmc of 1. roernarinifolia, t. 750, which 1 am now disposed to refer to /. tenella
or incompicua.
20. X. reticulata, Wall. PI. As. Par. 19, t. 19; Cat. 4750; glabrous,
Fttin erect from a creeping ba.se Heshy 8im])le or branched, leaves all
opposite upper subsessile linear-oblong acute cuspidate-serrate base retuse,
1( wer often shortly petioled, sepals narrow linear, standard ovate acute,
w ings clawed, claw with a hooked process (lateral lobe) on eacli margin,
terminal lobe orbicular clawed, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a short
incurved spur.
Pegu near Rangoon, IVallich ; Moulmein, Ijohh.
Sum 6-12 in. ; branches o}iposite or alternate, obscurely 4-angular. Leaves 1-1 1 in.;
lower often narrow-obuvate acute. Flowers \ in. diani., rosy, nodding; fruiting pe-
duncles deflexed. Capsule \ in., elHpsoid, turgid in the n)iddle, narrowed at both ends
and beaked at the apex, glabrous. Seed-f few, subglobose, testa black sinning. — Very
nearly allied to /. opponitifolia, with which I have confounded it in Joum. Linn. Soc. ;
but the character of the 2 small lateral falcate recurved lateral lobes on each wing, is very
remarkable. I describe them from Wallich's figure, and assume Lobb's plant to be the
sauie, a point which can only be determined from living specimens.
21. X. Xiawli, //. /. ((: T. in Jovrn. Linn. Soc. iv. 122; erect, much
branched, leaves short sessile or subsessile ovate or oblong subserrate
sparsely scabrid above, stipules 0, pedicels with a line of liairs, sepals
Impaticjis.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineye, Hook, f.) 449
linear-lanceolate, standard orbicular cuspidate, wings with very broadly
obovate subsessile terminal and small lateral lobes, lip boat-shaped
spurless. Dalz. (b Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 43.
Bababoodan bills in Malabar, Law.
Annual, 8-10 in. Stem rather stout, glabrous. Leaves |-1 in., smaller upwards,
acute, glabrous and pale beneath, the upper often cordate at the base. Pedicels about
equalling the leaves, sharply deflexed in Iruit. Flowers f in. diam. across the wings.
Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, acute at b )th ends. Seeds few, unripe, appai-ently as in /.
Kleiiiii. — Very distinct from any of the preceding specimens of this section in the form
of the wings.
22. X. Dalzellli, H.f. <k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 123 ; erect, spar-
ingly branched, quite glabrous, robust, leaves subsessile lower elliptic-
lanceolate, upper ovate or oblong-lanceolate from a broad or cordate base
spinulose-serrulate, stipules 0, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard sub-
orbicular hooded winged at the back, terminal wing-lobe clawed, lip boat-
shapepl with a very short spur. Dalz. <3& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 43.
Mountains of the Concan, Dalzell.
Stem stout, 10-18 in. high. Leaves 3-5 in., sometimes 1| in. broad, acuminate,
basal serratures often with long cilia. Pedicels solitary or fascicled on a very short
common peduncle, quite glabrous, shorter than the leaves, apparently not deflexed in
fruit. Flowers about 4 in across, yellow (structure not well made out). Capsules
nearly ^ in., ellipsoid. Seeds few, very large, broadly oblong, black, shining. — A very
distinct species, which diflfers from all of this section in the olten fascicled peduncles and
very large seeds.
23. Z. toxnentosa, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4751 ; more or less tomentose,
leaves nearly uniform very shortly petioled elliptic- or oblong-ovate acute
or obtuse serrulate hispid above glabrous or tomentose on the nerves
beneath, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard oblong, wings with a broad
sessile terminal and small lateral lobe, lip saccate. Dalz. fk Gibs. Bomb.
Flor. 43; Wight Ic. t. 749 ; //./. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 121 {excl. syn.
of ramosissima) ; W. ch A. Prodr. 139. I. rufescens, Benth. in Wall. Cat.
4747 ; W. d'. A. Prodr. 138 ; Wight Ic. t. 969.
Mountains of Malabar and Travancor, alt. 3-7000 ft., common in swamps.
Stem 4-8 in., usually simple, erect, more or less clothed with crisped rufescent hairs
above, which also appear on the pedicels and often on the nerves of the leaf beneath.
Leaves 4-1 in., short, uniform, obtuse or acute, more or less scabrid or tomentose above;
nerves beneath few. Pedicels always solitary, longer or shorter than the leaf, deflexed
in fruit. Flowers very variable in size, longest dit meter (^-^ in.) through the lip be-
cause of its being so saccate, more or less pubescent ; wings short, terminal lobe
rounded; lip obtusely conical. Capsule and seeds as in /. oppositifolia, &c. — Wight
figures a short apical spur in /. rufescens, but I do not find it in any of the specimens,
and I do not think that tomentosa and it are separable as permanent varieties. On the
other hand, Wight's figure of /. rufescens differs so much from that of his I. tomentosa,
that it seems best to rank these provisionally as varieties.
Var. 1. tomentosa; flower 4 in. long from tip of lip to that of standard, wings with an
oblong lateral lobe incumbent on a large terminal one, lip saccate with a short hooked
spur. Wight I.e.
Var. 2. rufescens ; flowers twice as long as in var. 1, lip shortly saccate spurless.
Wight I.e.
24. I. conclnna, //. /. ; small, glabrous, branches opposite, leaves
uniform opposite subsessile ovate or ovate-cordate acute sharply serrate,
nerves strong beneath, sepals dimidiate-lanceolate as Ions as the lip,
standard orbicular spurred, wings 2-lobed, the terminal clawed dimidiate-
VOL. I. . G G
450 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook.^f.) [Impatiens.
ovate, lip boat-shaped with a very short curved spur. L Gardneriana, Wight
Herb, not of the Icones.
Mountains of Malabar, Wight.
Annual, erect, 6-10 in., rather stout; branches opposite, ascending. Leaves 4-f in.,
lower serratures almost setaceous ; stipules setaceous or obsolete. Pedicels rather
shorter than the leaves, l^nvtrs ^ in. diaiu., remarkable for the length of the sepals,
apparently purple. Capsule erect, ^ in., acute at both ends, very turgid in the middle.
^eds very few and large, subcompressed, rather broader than long, testa black shining.
— Ihis has much the habit of/, tomentosa^ but it is glabrous with ovate very acutely
serrate leaves, and diiferent flowers. The pedicels show no disposition to be deflexed.
25. I. salicifolia, //. /. <Sc T. in Jom-n. Linn. JSoc. iv. 124 ; erect,
stout, tomentose, leaves shortly petioled lanceolate serrate all opposite or
lower opi)osite upper whorled, peduncles solitary or fascicled on a common
peduncle sometimes 2-flowered, stipules subulate or 0, tiowers large, sepals
subulate-lanceolate, standard obovate keeled, lip deeply saccate with a
short stout hooked spur.
Khasia Mt8., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &c.
/Stem stout, 1-2 ft., with spreadiug opposite branches. Leaves 2-5 in., acununate at
both ends, membranous, tomentose or glabrate on both surfaces, serratures small, the
basal long-ciliate. Injiorescence very variable, of slender l-flowered pedicels that are
sohtary or fascicled or collected into a many-flowered axillary cyme, with subulate brac-
teoles. Flowers dark pmple, nearly triangular in protile, and 3 in. from tlie tip of the
spur 10 that of the standard. Capsule \ in., elliptic-lanceolate. iSecds immature. —
/ saZai/b/iV/, Turcz., published in the Moscow Bulletin in the year previous to this
(in the Linnean Journal, 1860) is, I suspect, /. Balsamina.
A III.— SUBVERTlCILLATuE.
* Peduncles \-fioivered. See I. parvifolia in **.
26. Z. latifolia, Linn. ; tall, stout, erect, branched, quite glabrous, leaves
subopposite and whorled petioled ovate-lanceolate crenate, sepals ovate
cusi)idate, standard broad 2-lobed spurred behind, wings broad 2-lobed, lip
boat-.shaped, spur long slender straight or incurved. Wall. Cat. 4737 ;
W.d: A. Prodr. 1.38 in part; Dalz. d' Gibs. Jiwnb. Fl. 44; U.f. & T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 124 {excl. some syn.) ; Miq. III. Flor. Arch. Ind. 93.
I. cuspidata, W. tb A. in Hook. Cmnp. Lot Mag. i. 321 ; Wight Ic. t. 741 ;
Thwades Enum. 65. Balsamina latifolia, DC Prodr. i. 686. — liheede llort.
Mai. ix. t. 48.
Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from Concan to Travancok, alt. 3-7000 ft. ;
Ceylon, alt. 4-7000 ft, — Distrib. Java, tid. Miguel.
A robust plant, annual? 2-3 ft. high; stem as thick as the finger below, branches
alternate. Leaves membranous, 2-5 in., acuminate, base always acute, crenatures
often setose. Flowers 1-1 f in. diam,, pale purple, perianth rotate. ^Standard larger
tlian the wings, which have a large retuse basal and narrower tenninal lobe ; lip green,
as is the spur. Capsule 1 in., elliptic, turgid, quite glabrous. iSeeds few, large, oblong, com-
pressed; testa thick, opaque, reticulate. — A Nilghiri s^pei iuien of Gardner's has long
cilia on the petiole and alternate leaves. Thwaites remarks the variability of the large
lobes of fhe wings. I have not cited under this the /. latifolia of Bot. Mag. t. 5625,
which has very alternate leaves, and must hence be referred to l.jiaccida. 1 hese species
are undistinguishable in herbarium specimens, though so different in the seeds.
27. I. LescheiKiultii, Wall. Cat. 4739 ; almost shrubby, leafy,
glaorous, leaves opposite and alternate spreading and recurved petioled
ovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute crenate, sepals ovate acuminate,
] XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 451
standard 2-lobed spurred at the back, win^s 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur
slender incurved. ^F. (&: A. Prodr. 136; Wight Ic. t. 970, hu; H.f. dc T. in
Jotirn. Linn. Soc. iv. 125. Balsamina Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr. i. 686.
Mountains of Malabar and Tiiavancor, alt, 3-7000 ft.
A very near ally of /. latifolia, but I think distinct, especially in the excessively
branched and leafy habit, much smaller, crowded, usually recurved leaves, and smaller
flowers and capsules. De CandoUe is, no doubt, wrong in assigning Ceylon as a
habitat, except, indeed, he took /. latifolia for this. Leschenault, its discoverer, col-
lected in the Peninsula.
28. I. lucida, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4738 ; nearly glabrous, flaccid,
stem very slender, leaves chiefly opposite and whorled petioled ovate or
ovate -lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles very slender, flowers small,
sepals ovate acuminate, standard suborbicular beaked entire, wings 2-lobed,
lip boat-shaped with a long incurved slender spur. 1. latifolia, W. (h A.
Prodr. 138.
Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Malabar.
Numerous specimens of this from Law, Stocks, Wight and others, show it to be a
very different species from /. latifolia, being much smaller in all its parts, 4-8 in.
high, sparingly branched, very slender and flaccid ; with a small flower ^ in. diam., and
a small entire orbicular standard. The crenatures of the leaf, which is spai'sely hairy
above, are rarely setigerous. A specimen in Bottler's Herbarium bears the name
liicida, Heyne, and station Courtailum, spelled Kuttalam. This may be a form of
I.Jlaccida, with the leaves sometimes opposite.
** Peduncles 2- go rarely \-Jlowered. 8ee I. fimbriata and janthina m
Avii.
29. Z. radicans, Benth. i7i Wall, Cat. 4763 ; pubescent, stem simple
erect leafy, leaves opposite subsessile stipulate lanceolate acuminate serrate,
peduncles horizontal, flowers 1-4 large, standard galeate, wings small,
lip saccate obtuse, spur short hooked. H.f. d' T. in Journ. Linn. iSoc.
iv. 126.
Khasia Mts., in marshes, alt. 4-6000 ft., Wallich, Griffith, &c.
A beautiful species, 10-18 in., more or less crisply hairy on the stem and leaves
above, rarely glabrate. /Stem square. Leaves 1-3 in., sometimes ovate- or oblong-
lanceolate, the serratures often ciliate, pale beneath ; stipules of 2 fascicles of soft gland-
tipped setae. Peduncles slender, shorter than the leaves, with as many lanceolate brac-
teoles as there are pedicels. Flowers nearly 1 in. across and as deep, purple ; sepals
very variable, dimidiate-ovate or lanceolate, straight or falcate ; standard with a dor.sal
conical obtuse horn or gibbosity ; wings 2-lobed ; lip very obtuse, longer than broad ; spur
incurved. Capsule | in,, glabrous, ellipsoid, turgid in the middle. /Seeds oblong, com-
pressed ; testa pale, membranous,
30. I. trilobata, Caleb, in Rook. Exot. Flor. ii. t. ]4I ; tall, alternately
branched, almost glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate all or the lower
only long-petioled lanceolate or ovate-lancec^late crenate -serrate stipulate,
peduncles horizontal, flowers 2-5 large, sepals minute subsetaceous, standard
obcordate, lip saccate obtuse or conical, spur long or short. Wall.
Cat 4.762 A, and 4763 (Pundua) ; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 126.
Tropical Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 2-4000 ft., and Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft.
A very variable and, beautiful species, 1-2 ft. Leaves membranous, sparsely hairy
above, lower 2-5 in, usually long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate long-acumiuate crenate,
the upper more often sessile lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, all often ciliate towards the
base; stipules usually of large tufts of soft cilia. Peduncles very slender, shorter than
the leaves; bracts minute or 0. Flowers ^-f in. from base of lip to tip of standard,
which is horned at the back, bright violet-purple ; wings 2-iubed, but not deeply, notched
GU 2
452 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamine», Hook, f.) [Imimtiens.
on the inner margin, lobes rounded-oblnng, sometimes elongate ; lip very variable, some-
times conoid and produced into a slender curved spur, at others obtuse, abruptly spurred,
or gibbous above the spur. Capsule and seeds as in (92) /. tripetala. — The figures in
the Exotic Flora represent etiolated fluwers.
31. Z. flavida, //. / d: T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 127; erect,
quite glabrous, leaves opposite and 3-nately whorled all long-petioled
ovate-lanceolate minutely serrulate, stipules obsolete, flowers 2-4-subum-
belled yellow, bracts recurved, standard obovate, wings small, lip saccate
obtuse, s])ur stout incurved. Wall. Cat. 47G3 {with I. trilobata).
Eastekx Bengal; Silhet and Cachar, in woods, Wallich, &c. ; Mishmi Mts. and
Upper Assam, Griffith.
A branched annual, not easily distinguished in a dried state from states of I. trilo-
hfita, excejit by the leaves being more constantly quite glabrous above, the stipules being
obsolete, and the leaves not ciliate towards the base. Peduncles often opposite and
usually erect ; bracts apparently always recurved. Floicers ^ in. from the base of the
lip to the tip of the standard, duty gamboge-yellow ; spur thick, hooked; wings with 2
rounded lobes, the terminal purplish.
32. Z. vertlclllata, Wight in Mad?-. Jour. v. 15 ; glabrous, erect,
leaves opposite and in whorls of 3 and 6 short-petioled narrow-lanceolate,
stipules subulate, flowers umbelled, wings broad 2-lobed, terminal lobe
elongate, lip boat-shaped with along very slender spur. IJ.f. d: T. in
Joum. Linn. *b'oc. iv. 129.
Mountains of Malabar; in gravelly beds of streams, at Sivagherry, Wight ; Cochin,
Johnstone.
Herbaceous, diffuse ; stem 6-18 in., subsimple, naked below, swollen at the joints, terete.
Leaves 4-6 in., usually 4-6 in a whorl, much narrowed at both ends, ciliatc-serrate.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2-qo -flowered, bracts subulate. Flowers | in. djam.,
crimson, perianth subrotate ; standard suborbicular-oblong ; wings deeply 2-lobt'd,
terminal lobe elongate, dimidiate-oblong ; lip boat-shaped ; spur f-1 in., nearly straight
or with an incurved tip, very slender indeed. Capsule erect or inclined (oblong obtusely
5-angled, Wight).
33. Z. Gou^hil, Wight Lll.i. 160; Tc. t. 1603; small, slender, quite
glabrous, leaves mostly opposite petioled ovate crenate-serrate, peduncles
capillary viscid exceeding the leaves 4-6-flowered, flowers minute, standard
obovate retuse, wings 2-lobed, lobes short truncate and retuse, lip boat-
shaped with a straight spur shorter than the flower. U. f. d' T. in Joum.
Linn. jSoc. iv. 130. I. pulniensis, Bedd. in Madr.Joum. iii. 176. I. anamal-
layensis, Bedd. in Madr. Joum N.8. iv. 68, t. 7, f . 8 ; Ic. PL Lnd. Or. 30,
t. 150. I. circaeoides, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Lmp. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. 594.
Mountains of Malabar and Travancor ; Nilghiri Mts. at Pycarrah, Gough;
Anamallay and Pulney Mts. by streams, alt. 7-8000 ft., Beddome.
A very slender glabrous simple or branched annual, 4-8 in. high, supporting itself
amongst herbage (Wight). Leaves ^-| in., petiole half as long or longer, subacute,
base rounded, nerves few, serratures not ciliate ; stipules obsolete. Peduncles tei-minal,
often numerous. Flowers ^-\ in. diam., 4-8, umbelled, pink ; bracts minute, seta-
ceous ; sepals minute, falcate ; standard mucronate in the retuse apex ; wings with
very variable lobes, the lower 2-lobed according to Beddome ; spur shorter than the
flower. Cap/tule ^V i^) erect, ellipsoid, acute at both ends. Seeds few, clothed with
hairs. — Beddome (Ic. PI. lnd. Or. p. 32) identifies his /. viscosa with Goughii; but his
t^pecimens of/ anamallayensis are certainly identical with Goughii, and u/occsa appears
to me to be a d ff'erent plant, with a long spur ; his figure of anamallayensis represents
a coarser plant than his .specimen, with very hairy upper surface of the leaves, which,
however, he describes as having but few distant hairs: he further describes it in his
Icones (not in the Madr. Jour.) as having a ligulate appendage to the wings, which is
Impatiem.] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 453
hidden in the spur. The wings are probably very variable : the drawing in Beddome's
Icones does not resemble that in the Madr. Journal (and neither are like Wight's
figure) ; there is a short subulate process on their inner margin, close above the spur,
which may descend into it.
34. X. vlscosa, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. N.s. iv. 68, t. 7, f. 7 ; stem petioles
and peduncles viscidly pubescent, leaves opposite long-petioled elliptic or
ovate obtuse or acute subcrenate, peduncles exceeding the leaves 6-12-
flowered, flowers minute umbelled, standard suborbicular, wings 2-lobed
terminal lobe the largest clawed, lip conical, spur curved gibbous longer
than the flower, seeds echinate.
Anaraallay hills in Malabar, alt. 3500 ft,, Beddome.
Probably a variety of /. Goughii, from which it differs in the stem and branches and
sometimes the leaves being viscid, the usually larger size, faint crenatures of the leaves,
longer spur, and (according to Beddome) the echinate ripe seeds which are matted with
hair when young. The wings are, as usual, very vaiiable, sometimes exactly as in
Wight's figure of OougJdi, and there is, as in that plant, a subulate process on their
inner margin close to the base, which is hidden in the lip.
35. Z. parvifolia, Bedd. m Madr. Journ. n.s. iv. 66, t. 7, f. 1; Ic. PI Ind.
Or. 29, t. 142 ; glabrous, small, stem very slender branched, leaves alternate
and opposite very small ovate coarsely crenate-serrate, peduncles axillary
much longer than the leaves, flowers 3-5 very small racemose, standard subor-
bicular, wings with a large triangular terminal lobe, lip boat-shaped, spur
short blunt, seeds villous.
Malabar ; on rocks at the top of the Akka Mts., alt. 8-8600 ft., Beddome.
Much the smallest known species. Stem 3-6 in., apparently prostrate. Leaves ^-^ in.,
opposite and alternate, sessile or petioled, the lower usually opposite and upper alter-
nate. Peduncles very stout and long for the size of the plant, often 1-1 4 in., spreading,
axillary, solitary ; bracts minute. Flowers \ in. diam., pale pink with a crimson blotch
on the wing; sepals falcate; standard small, vaulted; wings with a small upper and
large terminal lobe ;.lip greenish. Capsule apparently as in /. Goughii. — Description
taken chiefly from Beddome. In the Kew specimens the peduncles are almost always
single- flowered.
36. I. circaeoides, Wall. Cat. 4772 ; small, glabrous, stem simple,
leaves few opposite long-petioled broadly ovate subserrate, peduncle solitary
filiform, flower subracemose, sepals orbicular acuminate, standard small,
wings large, lip concave, spur very short. H. f. & T. in Joui-n. ^Liun.
Boc. iv. 130.
Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Wallich ; Pegu, McClelland.
Stem very slender and quite simple, 4-6 in. Leaves 2-4 pairs, 2 by \\-\\, in., gla-
brous, with a few scattered hairs on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, acute, serratures
subciliate, nerves many slender; petiole very slender; stipules obscure, glandular.
Peduncle shorter than the leaf; bracts small, ovate ; pedicels short. Flowers about
i in. diam., white ? ; sepals green ; terminal lobe of wing long-clawed, pendulous.
Capsule short. — The above is an imperfect description, the specimens being very in-
different.
A IV.— Uniflor^.
' * Spur much shorter than the flower or 0, sometimes longer in /. Bal-
samina, and /. lepi/jpoda.
37. Z. Balsaxuina, Linn. ; pubescent or glabrate, leaves petioled nar-
row-lanceolate acuminate deeply serrate, petiole glandular, flowers rose-
coloured, sepals broad-ovate minute, standard orbicular retuse, wings very
broad lateral lobe much rounded, terminal sessile very large, lip small
conoid, spur* short or long and slender incurved, capsule tomentose. ^Y. <i'
454 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineap, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
A. Prodr. 135 ; H. /. di' T. in Joum. Linn, Soc. iv. 130; ?I. Lobbiana and
salicitolia, 2\ircz. in Bull. Mosc. 1859, i. 270, 271.
Throughout tropical and subtropical India and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Islands
and China. ^ /
The common garden Balsam is a very variable plant in habit, pubescence, size and
colour of flower, breadth of leaf, shape of lip, and length of spur. Capsule |-4in.,
ellii)soid, narrowed at both ends, densely tomentose or woolly. iSeeds globose ; testa
black, opaque, tul)ercled.
Var. 1. vulgaris; tall, leaves broadly lanceolate, flowers large, spur short. I. Balsa-
mina, Linn.; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 651; Wall. Cat. 4731. Balsaraina hortensis, DC. Prodr.
i. 6S5.—Pkeede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 52.
Var. 2. coccinea ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, flowers medium-sized, spur long and
slender. I. Balsamina, D.tlz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 44. I. coccinea. Wall. Cat. 47.S2 ; Bot.
Mag. 1256. l.cornuta, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 4733. I. longifolia, Wight in Wall. Cat.
4734. Balsamina coccinea n)id corniita, DC. Prodr. i. 685-6.
Vak. 3. arcuata; diffusely branched, leaves small narrow-lanceolate, flowers small,
ppur long slender arcuate. 1. arcuata. Wall Cat. 4785; W. d; A. Prodr. 136. —
Western Peninsula.
Var. 4. inacrantha; small, 4 in., leaves ovate-lanceolate, flower large, spur short. —
Westeni Peninsula.
Var. 5. micranthn ; small, stem simple, leaves small ovate-lanceolate, flowers small,
spur long slender. — Western Peninsula.
Var. 6. rosea; tall, leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers rather small, lip saccate, spur
short incurved. I. rosea, Lindl. Bot. litg. 1841, t. 27. — Western Himalaya.
38. Z. Bcabriuscula, Heyne in Roxb. FL Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 404 ; short,
erect, branched, tomentose, leaves petioled lanceolate or obovate serrate,
peduncles short, se|)alH minute, standard orbicular winj^ed^ wings 2-Iobed,
lip boat-shaped tomentose, spur 0. Wall. Cat. 4720, 473G, m part ; Am. in
Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 ; Bedd. Tc. PI. Ind. Or. 29, t. 144 ; H.f. d- T.
in Joum. Linn. ISoc. iv. 131.
Mountains of Malabar, from the Southern Concan to Wynaad and Kurg, alt.
2-4000 ft.
Usually much branched from the base, 4-10 in. high. Leaves uniform, 1-2 in. ;
petiole hardly glandular, variable in length. Btdmuins short, scabrid. Floicers 4 in.
diam., pink ; sepnls, lip, and standard usually very hairy. Cap.^ule ^ in. long, ellip-
soid, uiucronate, villous, iiccda few, globose ; testa opaque, dark brown, tubercled. '
39. Z. grlandulifera, Am. in Hook. Conip). Bot. Mag. ii. 322; almost
shrubby, leaves subterminal 4-8 in. glabrous ovate or elliptic-lanceolate
acuminate serrulate, petiole very long glandular, flowers fascicled axillary
and sliortly pedicelled, sepals subulate, standard orbicular 2-lobud spurred
behind, wings 2-lobed Literal lobe small rounded, terminal broad half-obovate
pendulous, lip saccate hairy, spur short minute. Thwaitts Ennm. GG ; H.f.
<k T. in Joum. Linn. iSoc. iv. 131. 1. cornigera, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4623, not
of Arnott.
Central province of Ceylon, alt. 4-6000 ft.
IStem 1-6 ft., very robust. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, serratures very small
ciiiolate and setigerous ; petiole 1-3 in., usually with pedicelled glands. Flowers rose-
coloured, 1^ in. long; pedicels pubescent, short; standard with a large green spur
behind ; Hp sometimes conoid and almost glabrous ; spur involute. Capsule unknown.
40. Z. xnacrophylla, Gardner in Bot. Mag. t. 4662 ; almost shrubby,
stem very thick, leaves subterminal 6-16 in. usually pubescent beneath
ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrate, petiole very long glandular, flowers
mostly fascicled on the stem below the leaves shortly pedicelled, sepals
Impatiens.] xxxii. geraniaceze. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 455
minute, standard small elliptic acuminate with a long beak, wings very
small 2-lobed included in the lip, lip saccate, spur short involute.- fff. i;
T. in Journ. Linn. iSoc. iv. 132. I. glandulifera var. ? Am. in Hook. Comp,
Bot. Mag. I 323.
Mountains of Ceylon, alt. 5-7000 ft.
Stem asthick as the thumb, 10-12 ft. high, naked below. Leaves very like those of
I glandulifera, but even larger, and petioles as in it, with pedicelled glands. Flowers
I in. long, orange-red, quite glabrous, with a remarkably small beaked standard and
wings. Capsule ^ in , very turgid, straight, beaked, quite glabrous. Seeds not ripe. —
A noble species in habit and foUage.
41. X« repens, Moon Cat. 18 ; glabrous, creeping, diffusely branched,
leaves long-petioled ovate cordate or reniform, pedicels very long, standard
orbicular spurred behind, wing-lobes short broad, lip subconoid, spur short
incurved. Wig lit III i. 160, t. 61 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4404; H.f. <& T. in
Journ. Linn. hoc. iv. 132.
Southern and Central parts of Ceylon, at no great elevation.
A slender creeping much branched and perfectly glabrous plant. Leaves \-\ in.
diam., acute; petiole 1 in. Flowers yellow, f in. diam. Capsule and seeds un-
known.
42. X. leptopoda, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 321 ; erect,
branched, quite glabrous, slender, leaves long-petioled ovate or lanceolate
acuminate crenate-serrate, pedicels long axillary subsolitary, flowers
small, standard obcordate spurred at the back, wings 2-lobed broad hori-
zontal, lip boat-shaped, spur long or short. Tliwaites Enum. 65 \ H.f. ^ T.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 132. I. brevicornu and I. gibbosa, Arn. I.e.
Mountain woods of Ceylon, alt. 5-8000 ft.
A flaccid variable herb, 1-3 ft. high ; stem often prostrate and rooting at the base,
sometimes almost woody below. Leavas 1-3 in., membranous, sometimes ciliate to-
wards the base, young usually puberulous, nerves many ; petiole very variable in length,
sometimes with stipitate glands. Flowers about ^ in. diam.; pedicels very slender;
perianth rotate, rosy ; sepals small, oblong-lanceolate ; lobes of wings subequal, flat ;
spur sometimes f in,, and very slender, at others reduced to a mere tubercle. Capsules
|-4 in., erect, ellipsoid, beaked. Seeds immature.
43. I. truncata, Tliwaites Enum. QQ\ weak, slender, diffusely branched,
leaves I'-ll in. petioled ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrate sparsely
pubescent above, pedicels 1-3 slender bracteate and small, flowers pubescent,
stcmdard orbicular cuspidate, wings unequally 2-lobed spreading, lip conoid,
spur short curved. H.f. (& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 133.
Mountain woods of Ceylon, alt. 4-6000 ft.
Closely allied to /. leptopoda, and probably a variety of that plant, with diffuse stems
and hairy leaves peduncle and flowers, but of which Thwaites enumerates a variety,
subglabra, which is almost glabrous. Young capsules pilose, Thw.
44. X. pendula, Heyrw in Wall. Cat. 4744 ; very small, erect, slender,
branched, almost glabrous, leaves y-\ in. petioled elliptic-ovate or subcor-
date acute remotely serrate, pedicels solitary fruiting deflexed, flowers
minute glabrous, standard spurred at the back, lip concave not spurred.
W. d^ A. Frodr. 137 ; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 133.
Mountains of Malabar, at Bababood, Heyne.
The specimens of this do not suiiice tor a good description ; it is evidently closely
, allied to 1. inconspicua, tenella, and other species with minute flowers, opposite leaves
and deflexed fruiting peduncles. Stem 4-6 in. ; branches with a faiut line of pubescence
456 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineec, Hook, f.) \Iinpatiens.
on one side. Leaves with few nerves. Pedicels shorter than the leaves, minutely
pubescent. Flowers \ in. diam. Capsule | in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous.
45. Z. mysorensis, Roth Nov. Plant. Sp. 164; stem very slender
glabrous, leaves alteruate petioled lanceolate acuminate remotely serrulate,
pedicels 1-2 axillary, flowers very small, sepals minute, standard sul)orbi-
cular gibbous at the back, terminal lobe of wing largest, lip boat-shaped,
spur short straight, capsule tomentose. Wall. Cat. 4743 C; W.<i' A. Prodr.
137 ; //./. ^ T. in Journ. Linn. Sac. iv. 133. Balsamina mysorensis, DC
Prodr. i. 686.
Mysore, Ueyne.
/Stem 6-10 in. Leaves IJ in., quite glabrous. Pedicels half the length of the
leaves or less. Flowers red, about ^ in. diain. ; spur about half the length of the lip,
which is acuminate. Capsule unripe, i in. ellipsoid. — A very obscure plant, belonging
apparently to the section with (18) /. i/iconsplcua,. hut -with leaves all alternate and a
very tomentose capsule. Wight & Ainott, in the Prodromus quote Wight Cat. n. 979,
under this species, but give no particulars, taking the description almost entirely from
Ivoth. I find a good authentically named specimen in Bottler's Herbarium, communi-
cated by Heyne himself in 1801, and marked mysorensis, nobis, in Rottler's hand-
writing.
46. Z. Parlshii, II. f.; glabrous, stem very thick and fleshy, leaves
large long-petioled elliptic or ovate serrulate, pedicels solitary in the upper
axils capillary, sepals very large orbicular-ovate, standard broadly orbicular,
wings not lobed very obliquely trapezoid acute projecting furw.irds, lip
small oblong concave with a basal gibbosity or very short spur.
Tenasserim ; on limestone rock«, near Moulmein, Parish.
The Kev. Mr. Parish describes this very curious species as a " biennial or perennial
fleshy short-stemmed plant, 10-24 in. high, slightly branched, with large handsome
flowers, which are single in the axils of the upper leaves;" and .suggests the names for
it of la^is or lavicaulis, which, not being significant in so glabrous a genus, 1 have
ventured to replace by that of its excellent discoverer. It is descnbed above partly from
imperfect specimens communicated by himself and partly from his drawing. jStem as
thick as the finger, short, smooth. Leaves 5-7 in., membranous, straight or oblique, base
sometimes slightly cordate ; nerves many, arched ; petiole 2-3 in., slender, sometimes
2-glandular at the top. Flowers 2 in. long from tip of wing to that of standard, white
\\nth red streaks on the wings and lip ; sepals ^-^ in., concave, acute ; wings project-
ing forward, the lateral lobes not distinct from the terminal, turned upward and falcate,
the rest of the lobe triangular with straight inner edges and acute apex; lip very small,
horizontal, the spur a gibbosity, green. Capsule unknown.
47. Z. capilllpes, //. /. d^ T. in Journ. Linn. Sac. iv. 135; very
slender, glabrous, diffusely branched, leaves long-petioled lanceolate caudate-
acuminate, crenate, pedicels 1-2 axillary capillary, flowers very small,
sepals falcate, standard very long erect linear-oblong, wings short lobes
rounded acuminate, lip saccate, base rounded with a short slender spur.
Tenasserim ; Moulmein, on limestone rocks, Lobb, Parish.
Stem 6-10 in., branches long. Leaves 2-5 in., very narrow, flaccid, many-nerved,
narrowed into the slender naked petiole. Pedicels 4-4 in., extraordinarily slender.
Floioers white ? | in. from the top of the standard to the base of the spur ; sepals linear,
obtuse ; standard remarkably long, obtuse, concave ; wings lobed to the middle, lateral
lobe much the largest, sides rounded, acute, tips of both lobes pointed downwards. Cap-
side \ in., trapezoid, acuminate, contracted at the base, like that of (87) /. racemulosa.
Seeds unripe.
** Spur longer than the flower. {See I. Balsamina aw(/ leptopoda in *.)
4«. Z. XHunronii, Wight III. I 160; /c. t. 1049; softly hairy, stem hard
Impatiens.] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 457
flexuous branched, leaves towards the ends of the branches petioled elliptic
acuminate serrulate, pedicels slender, sepals large as long as the wings,
standard orbicular winged at the back, wings short 2-lobed to the middle,
spur trumpet-shaped villous ending in a long stout incurved spur. B. f. <k T.
in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 133. I. eriantha, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc.
1859, i. 270.
Western Nilghirts, at Sisparah, alt. 5-7000 ft., in shady places.
Suff'ruticose, 1-2 ft., stem terete, somewhat woody; branches spreading, nodose.
Leaves 1 ^-3 in., membranous, covered with soft scattered hairs on both surfaces, teeth
small glandular, nerves faint; petiole 4-2 in., hairy. Pedicels |-14 in., hairy. Flowers
(white and red, ^ft^cZome) about I in. long; sepals very large, acuminate; wings and
standard very small ; spur hirsute. Ovary hairy. Capsule hairy. Seeds glabrous,
(Wight.)
49. I. dasysperma, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 7. t. 2 ; Ic. t. 742 ;
herbaceous, flaccid, erect, branched, leaves petioled elliptic or ovate
acuminate crenate, petiole often glandular, pedicel usually solitary-
slender, flowers rather small, sepals minute, standard obcordate, wings
spreading deeply 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur very long and slender.
H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 134.
Malabar, in woods and plains, ascending to 3000 ft.
Stem 1-2 ft., branches sometimes opposite. Leaves always alternate, 2-3 in.,
slightly hairy on the upper surface, glabrous beneath ; crenatures large, not setigerous ;
petiole ^-2 in., sometimes with stipitate glands. Pedicels equalling or exceeding the
petioles, very slender. Flowers ^-f in. diam.; standard cuspidate ; wings very diver-
gent ; lobes subequal, obovate, retuse ; spur incurved, exceeding the flower, very hairy.
Capsule I in., very obliquely ovoid, turgid, glabrous, pointed at both ends. Seeds sub-
globose, hairy, numerous.
50. Z. flaccida, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 ; slender, erect
sparingly branched, glabrous, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate crenate,
sepals ovate, standard broad 2-lobed, spurred behind, wings broad 2-lobed,
lip boat-shaped, spur long slender, capsule glabrous, seeds globose
tubercled. Thwaites Enum. 65 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5276, and I. latifolia,
t. 5625. I. bipartita, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 % I. floribunda,
Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 7. I. bifida, Thunh. Prodr. PI. Cap. 41. I. lati-
folia, Moo7i Cat. 18.
Mountains of Malabar; forests of the Sivagherry hills, alt. 4000 ft., Wight;
Ceylon, abundant to 3000 ft., Thwaites, &c.
Stem 6-18 in., branched above. Leaves 2-5 in., membranous; petiole with stalked
glands or naked. Pedicels solitary or several. Flowers rose-purple, f-l^ in. diam. ;
wings very variable ; spur 1^ in., very slender, sometimes 2-fid to the middle. Capsule
\ in., ellipsoid, acuminate, quite glabrous. Seeds numerous, opaque, tnberculate with
pale papillae. — So similar in most characters to I. latifolia, that it is difficult to separate
these species in the Herbaria. I.flaceida is, however, a smaller plant, more slender,
with never opposite leaves, and has globose pubescent seeds, very different from those of
7. latifolia. I have brought the alternate-leaved plants (/. latifulia, Bot. Mag. t. 5625,
/. hipartita, Am., I. floribunda, Wight, and 7. bifida, Thunb.) to this, from 7. latifolia,
under which I had placed them before, because of their alteraate leaves, though some
or all may be alternate-leaved specimens of 7. latifolia. The specimen of what I sup-
pose to be this plant in the Linnean Herbarium has no name or habitat, and Thunberg
has founded his 7. bifida on it, because of its abnormally bifid spur, supposing it to
have been a native of the Cape, where there is nothing at all like it.
51. Z. violseflora, H. j. ; very slender, erect, glabrous, simple or
sparingly branched, leaves petioled very membranous elliptic-lanceolate
458 xxxTi. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Imjpatiens.
acuminate crenate-serrulate, pedicels axillary solitary or few slender,
sepals minute, standard broadly obcordate, wings 2-lobed spreading, lobes
obovate lateral rounded terminal retuse or 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur
very long straight and slender, capsule puberulous. I. tiaccida, var. /3, JI. /.
& T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 134.
Tenasserim, at Moulruein, Lohh.
Very similar to /. flaccida, but the lobes of the wings are longer and narrower,
the standard is obcordate and not spurred behind, and the capsule is smaller and
puberulous.
52. Z. pulcherrima, Dah.' in Hook. Lond. Joiim. Bot ii. 37 ; stout,
succulent, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled ovate-lanceolate acuminate,
pedicels 2-3 erect, sejials 2-tid minute, standard orbicular notched or
spurred at the back, wings very broad 2-tid, lip boat-shaped or conoid, si)ur
long stout curved, capsule glabrous, seeds large obovate rugose. 11 oak. Lot.
Mag. t. 4615 ; H. f. <i' T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 134 -^ Ualz. dc Gibs. Bomb.
Flor. 44.
Warree jungle in the Southern Concan, Dalzell.
Stem 14-2 ift., simple or branched. Leaves 3-5 in., flaccid, ciliato towards the base,
glabrous or with a few svattered hairs above ; petiole 1-3 in., naked or with stipitate
glands. Pedicels 2-3 in., slender, spreading, i^/cnrer* 1 4-2 in. diani., rose or violet-
purple ; wings spreading, flat, variable in sliape ; lip small ; spur 2 in., rather stout,
incurved. (Jupsule 4 in-, very turgid. Seeds 2-8, subcompressed, testa very thick.
— A very fine species, allied to I. Jlaccida in the flowers, but the seeds are wholly
different.
53. Z. Kenslowiana, ^Ir/i. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 ;
perenniall, stem very stout almo^ shrubby nodose scarred, leaves petioled
ovate or lanceolate serrate acuminate hirsute, pedicels subsolitary erect,
sepals large broad, standard orbicular or obovate, wings broad flat 2-pariite,
segments 2-lobed, lip small, spur very long incurved slender, capsule
glabrous or jjilose. Tkwai.tes Ennm. (j5 ; //. /. <C' T. in Jouini. Linn. Soc.
iv. 135. I. albida, Wigltt in Madr. Joum. v. 7, t. 1 ; Ic. t. 743.
Mountains of Malabar, clefts of rocks near Courtallum, alt. 2-7000 ft., Wight, &c.
CEyLON, in the Central Province, alt. 4-6000 It., on rocks.
Stem 8-16 in., as thick as the thumb, woody, sometimes so closely covered with scars
as to be nodose, simple or branched. Leaves 3-5 in., crowded at the ends of the thick
branches, serratures tine or coarse, both surfaces usually hirsute, sometimes glabrate ;
petiole ^-3 in,, naked or glandular. PtdiceU 2-5 in., stout, glabrous or pubescent.
Flowers 1-2 in. diam., white or pale pink ; sepals remarkably large, broadly ovate,
acuminate ; standard winged at the back (in VV ight's figiu-e) ; wings with very broad,
flat, semi-obovate lobes ; spur stout or slender, 1-1 ^ in. Capsule §-1 in,, rather slender.
iSeeds not ripe. — The habit and large sepals and capsule are excellent characters of this
plant.
A v.— LATERlFLORiE.
54. Z. bella, H. f. d- T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 138; diffuse, stem
short densely pubescent creeping below, leaves broadly ovate or orbicular
crenate, petiole slender, peduncle pubescent l-2-flowered bracteate in the
middle, flowers large yellow, sepals large ovate, standard orbicular-obovate
gibbous or bluntly spurred at the back, terminal lobe of wing elongate
obovate, lip conical saccate narrowed into a long incurved spur.
Khasia Mts., in marshes at the Kala Pane, alt. 5000 ft., Griffith, &c.
A small species, 6-10 in., growing in loose tufts ; stem rather stout, rooting much at
the base, glandular and almost tomentose with crisped hairs. Leaves 1-3 in,, some-
Imimtiens.'] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae Hook, f.) 459
times lanceolate, obtuse acute or acuminate, many-nerved, often pubescent above ;
petiole |-| in., pubescent, rarely glandular. Peduncle stout, usually from a subterminal
axil, curved, pubescent, most often 1-flowered, with bracts in the middle; pedicel short.
Flower 1 in. long without the spur, orange- or golden-yellow, beautifully streaked with
purple. Capsule | in., ellipsoid, acute at both ends, turgid, pubescent. Seeds sub-
globose, papulose, puberulous, testa thick opaque. — A very distinct and beautiful little
species.
Var. major; more robust, leaves 3-4 in., flowers 1| in. red quite glabrous. — Xhasia,
alt. 5-6000 ft.
55. X. latiflora, Hook.f. dh Thorns, in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 139 ; short,
herbaceous, pubescent, leaves petioled elliptic-lartceolate caudate-acuminate
crenate, peduncle erect stout 2-3-flowered, bracts ovate acuminate, flowers
large, sepals broad, standard orbicular winged at the back, terminal lobe of
wings large semi-ovate acute, lip boat-shaped, spur very long slender
incurved.
Subtropical forests of the Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft. ; ? Sikkim Himalaya, alt.
2-4000 ft. (specimens imperfect) ; Bhotan, at Duphla, Booth.
Stem a foot high, branched or not, sometimes as thick as the little finger, remotely
scarred. Leaves 3-7 in., sometimes narrowly lanceolate, glabrous except the nerves
beneath, often ciliate towards the base, as is the puberulous petiole. Peduncle solitary,
stout, erect, |-1 in. ; bracts variable in position ; pedicels stout. Flowers 1-2 in.
diam., pale rose or violet ; sepals acute ; lateral lobe of wings obovate, retuse, smaller
than the usually acute terminal one, which is sometimes 1 in. long ; standard retiise ;
spur 1-24 ^^-1 acute. Capsule immature, probably like that oi 1. pulchra.
56. I, pulchra, H. f. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. ^139; glabrous,
stem short stout simple, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate ser-
rate, peduncles stout erect 1-2-flowered, bracts lanceolate, flowers large,
sepals broad, standard winged at the back, wings broad, lip funnel-shaped
narrowed into the stout hooked spur.
Shaded woods in the subtropical and temperate regions of Eastern Nipal and the
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft.
Stem 4-10 in., erect, nodose at the scars, rarely divided. Leaves 2-4 in., glabrous
on both surfaces, rather coriaceous, not or rarely ciliate ; petiole stout, naked. Pedun-
cles 1-2 in , few, stout, erect ; pedicels often as stout and as long. Flowers 2 in. long
from the tip of the spur to that of the standard, pale rose-coloured or straw-coloured,
streaked with red; sepals ^ in., green, acute; terminal lobe of wing semi-ovate obtuse ;
lip very large ; spur sometimes spiral. CajJsule J-|in., erect, narrowly ellipsoid-oblong,
glabrous, subacute. Seeds many, immature, pubescent?
57. I. fruticosa, DC. Prodr. i. 687 ; shrubby, perennial, leaves elliptic
acuminate many-nerved pubescent on both surfaces, petiole stout long,
peduncles numerous 3-5-flowered, bracts linear, pedicels very long
slender, flowers large, sepals broad, standard orbicular 2-lobed, wings lobed
spreading, lip trumpet-shaped, spur very stout long curved. W. d' A,
Prodr. 137 ; Wight Ic. t. 966 ; Wall. Cat. 4762 ; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. 140.
Mountains of Malabar and Travancor, common at 4-6000 ft.
An erect much branched shrub, 8 ft. high ; branches glabrous, nodose at the scars.
Leaves 8-5 in., sometimes almost silky beneath, ciliate and glandular towards the
base, nerves stout; petiole 2-3 in., often villous, naked or glandular. Peduncles 1-2 in.;
pedicels olten much longer and exceeding the leaves. Flowers 14 in. broad; sepals
acuminate; standard neither winged nor spurred; wing-lobes flat, subequal, divari-
cating, oblong; spur I-I4 in. Capsule erect, 1 in., ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends,
beaked. Seeds many, unripe, large, opaque, obovoid; testa thick, pitted.
460 XXXII. GERANIACEJE. (§ Balsamineffi, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
A VI.— Epiphytic^.
58. Z. Jerdonlae, Wight Ic. t. 1602 ; eDiphytic, glabrous, stem tumid
short stout prostrate, leaves few petioled elliptic acute serrate, peduncles
sh(jrt, pedicels 1-3 very long, bracts setaceous, sepals long lanceolate,
standard small hooded, wings small 2-lobed, spur very large saccate ventri-
cose wrinkled, spur short horn-like or 0. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4739; //./.
<Cr T. in Journ. Linn. JSoc. iv. 141.
Mountains of Malabar, on trees at Sisparah, the Brahmagherrie and Palghat hills,
alt. 3 5000 ft, Wight, &c.
Stem 3-6 in., green or purple-brown, often as thick as the finger, rooting. Leaves
2-3 in., deep green, with glandular cilia at the base and on the top of the stout petiole,
nerves few. Peduncles 1-3 in , green, stout ; pedicels sometimes 4 in., red. Floioera
14-2 in. measured along the lip; sepals acuminate, green; standard yelliw, orbicular,
apiculate, narrowly winged at the back ; wings yellow, almost includeil in the lip, lobes
rounded overlapping ; lip bright red, laterally compressed. — In flower closely allied to
/. Walkeri. I have seen no specimen of Beddomn's I. parasitica; his character of
it accords with that of /. Jerdonim in all but the green colour of the standard and
sepals, and the moniliform stem. I shall therefore provisionally add it to this as a
variety.
Var. ; stem moniliform, standard with a foliaceous crest and wings green. — I. para-
sitica, Bedd. iv Madr. Jour. iv. t. 7, f. 2 ; Ic. PL Ind. Or. 28, t. 140.— Anamallay
hills, alt. 6-7000 ft., Beddome.
59. Z. auriculata, Wight in Madr. Joiim. y. 8, t. 3; epiphytic, gla-
brous, stem short prostrate internodes very tumid, leaves petioled elliptic
acute, peduncle short, pedicels 1-3 erect very long, bracts ovate, sepals very
large obliquely oblong pendulous red, standard small hooded, wings very
small 2-lobed, lip very large saccate wrinkled, spur short thick.
Mountains of Malabar and Travaxcor, alt. 5000 ft., on branches of trees, Wight, &c.
A smaller plant than /. Jerdonice, with the internodes mucli swollen, sometimes as
large as nuts, the stem appearing annulate in dried specimens. Leaves 1-2 in,
obscurely crenulate, with but iaw glandular setas at the base. Pedicels 1-1 4 in. Flowers
1 in. measured along the lip ; sepals very remarkable, pendulous, acute, much exceeding
the wings, and sometimes as long as the lip, scarlet; standard dark green ; wings dark
purple, the segments cochlcate and overlapping ; lip scarlet, laterally compressed ;
spur very variable. Cajysvle unknown. — The sepals of this species are wholly different
from any other in the genus, and hang down like a spaniel's ears.
60. Z. viridiflora, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 9 ; erect, glabrous, epi-
phytic, stem short extremely thick, branches few short nodose, leaves
petioled elliptic acute crenate-serrate, peduncles short, pedicels 1-2 slender,
sepals linear, standard orbicular 2-lobed back strongly keeled, lip saccate
narrowed into a stout involute spur. Bedd. Ic. Pi Ind. Or. 29, t. 141.
Mountains of Malabar; forming masses on the trunks of trees at the Sivagherry
ghat, alt. 5000 ft., Wight.
Stem ofien 1 in. diam.. fleshy. Leaves \\-2 in., sometimes obovate or lanceolate,
with veiy few glandular cilia at the base, rather fleshy, crenatures large ; petiole stout.
Peduncle \-\ in., usually 2-flowered; bracts subulate. Flowers 1 in. measured along
the lip, wholly green ; sepals reflexed or deflexed, acuminate ; standard small, deeply
hooded ; wings fleshy, 2-lobed, lateral lobes hid under the standard, terminal oblong
rounded ; lip wrinkled, laterally compressed. Capsule glabrous.
Impatiens.\ xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 461
A vn.— UmbellaTuE and Subcapitat^. (See /. Gougkii, trilobaia,
and others in A iii., /. Tangachoi and others in A vni.)
* Spur very slender, as long as or exceeding the flower.
61. I. fixnbriata, Hooh. Exot, Flor. ii. t. 146 ; glabrous, stem erect
subsiniple, leaves opposite and alternate long-petioled ovate-lanceolate
acuminate subserrulate, peduncle terminal long erect bearing at the top a
subcapitate crowded raceme clothed with recurved ciliate bracts. I. brac-
teata, Coleh. inEoxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 459 ; Wall. Cat. 4760j E.f. ik T,
in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 142.
Marshes in the Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft., abundant.
Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched, succulent. Leaves 2-5 in., opposite alternate and
whorled sometimes on the same specimen, flaccid, cihate or not at the base ; petiole J-2
in. ; stipules 0. Peduncle 2-6 in., strict, absolutely terminal in all the specimens, with
sometimes an axillary one, naked ; raceme ^-2 in., oblong or globose, very dense
and covered with crinite-green slender recurved bracts, which are ^-^ in. long,
clothed with long pink hairs and conceal the bases of the capillary pedicels. FLoicers
rose-purple, f in. diam. ; sepals small, lanceolate ; standard small, ovate, with a recurved
point ; lateral wing-lobes small, rounded, terminal semi-ovate large broad clawed ; lip
boat-shaped ; spur | in., very long, slender, incurved. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, acute
at both ends, turgid, glabrous. Seeds few, obovate, compressed, very hairy. — The Flora
Exotica name having a year's priority over Colebrooke's, I am compelled to adopt it.
62. X. janthina, Thwaites Enum. 68; small, glabrous, stem simple
1-4-leaved, leaves opposite broad-elliptic or orbicular acuminate subserrate,
peduncle terminal erect, flowers umbelled, bracts oblong, sepals broadly
cordate, standard hooded, wings 2-lobed, lip saccate narrowed into the
involute spur. H.f. & T. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. iv. 142.
Ceylon ; Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, at no great elevation, Thwaites,
Whole plant, 4-10 in. ; stem sometimes very thick and succulent. Leaves 2-5 in.,
base rounded or subacute, not ciliate, sometimes oblique, very membranous ; petiole
^-2 in. ; stipules 0. Peduncle erect, 3-5 in., very slender ; umbel terminal, 3-5-floweied,
with sometimes a small lateral one; pedicels ^-V in.; bracts broad, green, obtuse.
Flowers 4-| in diam., violet; standard not winged, very concave ; lateral lobe of wings
rounded, obtuse, terminal acute. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, subacute, glabrous, many-
seeded. — A very curious species, quite unlike any other, but allied to the preceding and
following.
63. I. umbellata, Heyne in Roxh. Fl. Lnd. ed. Carey ^ ii. 464; small,
glabrous, stem simple stout leafy at the top, leaves crowded petioled broad-
ovate or elliptic obtuse or acute crenate, peduncles subterminal erect
1-co -flowered, sepals broad-ovate, standard orbicular, wings spreading lobes
obtuse, lip smaU buat-shaped, spur long slender incurved. Wall. Cat. 4759 ;
W. (k A. Prodr. 137; Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 9, t. 4 ; Ic. t. 745 ; H.f.
c^' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 143.
Mountains of Malabar, in Tinnevelly near Courtallum only, Wight.
Stem 4-8 in., very rarely branched, naked below. Leaves 1-2 in., sometimes orbi-
cular, membranous, crenatures cihate, base ciliate or not ; petiole very variable, ^-1^ in.
Peduncle and pedicels stout; bracts small, green. Flowers ^ in. diam.; standard not
spurred ; wings with subequal lobes ; spur 1 in., graceful. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid,
turgid, glabrous. Seeds echinate (Wight). — Wight describes the root as tuberous,
which is 1 think an error; it is fibrous and annual in his specimens.
64. I. subcordata. Am. in ILook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323 ; glabrous,
stem prostrate and rooting at the base stout, leaves long-petioled ovate or
462 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Imjmtiens,
lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate base rounded or cordate, peduncles
short 4-8-fiowered, flowers unibelled or sljprtly racemed, sepals large ovate,
standard orbicular not spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very large
and broad, lip small, spur long slender incurved. Tkwaites Enum. 67 ;
H.f.& T. in Jouim. Linn. Soc. iv. 144.
Central province of Ceylon; alt. 3-6000 ft., Walker, &c.
Sttm 1-2 ft., sioiit, sometimes much ditfusely branched, smooth or scarred. Leaves
very variable, 1-3 in.; crenatures large, ciliate or not; petioles ^-2 in., eglaudular.
J^eduncles 2-4 in., axillary and subterminal ; bracts ^ in., ovate-lanceolate, acute.
^'lowers ^-| in. diam., white with red sefjals and standard ; spur 4-1 in-, slender, in-
curved. Capaule ^ in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous, ikeds subglubose, hairy.
65. Z. viscida, Wight iuMadr. Journ. v. 12; Id. 746; tall, slender,
stem rigid angled rooting below hairy above, leaves petioled elliptic-
lanceolate serrate firm, peduncles axillary very long viscid 3-x-flowered,
flowers unibelled or in short racemes, pedicels viscid, sepals suborbicular
equalling the small standard, terminal lobe of wings large suborbicular, lip
small boat-shaped, spur long strong incurved. //. /. <£: 1'. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. 144.
Pulney Mts. in the Southern C.\kn.4tic, alt. 5500 ft., in beds of rivers, Wiyld.
JStem 2-3 ft., simple or sparingly branched, leafy all the way up, very rigid for the
genus. Leaves 2-3 in., pubescent beneath on the midrib" and numerous strong nerves,
not ciliate, teeth glandular; petiole 4-1^ in. Peduncles 2-4 in., rigid, erect, terete;
bracts ovate-lanceolate ; pedicels short, often hairy. Flowers | in. diam., pink ; sepals
acuminate, almost as large as the orbicular acuminate standard; wings with spreaaing
lobes, lateral short falcate, terminal twice as large hatchet-shaped, tip rounded ; spur
Btout towards the base, slender on to the tip. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, beaked, ventri-
cose, glabrous. Seeds numerous, globose, hairy. — I'edicels more or less hairy and viscid.
66. I. cordata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 10 ; glabrous, flaccid, stem
prostrate and rooting below, leaves long-petioled ovate-cordate acumi-
nate obscurely crenate, peduncle subterminal and axillary 3-4-flowered,
flowers uiubelled, pedicels glabrous, sepals large ovate acuminate, standard
cuneate emarginate, lateral lobes of wings small incurved, terminal large
broad spreading, lip boat-shaped, spur long slender incurved.
Sivagherry Ghats, on the Malabar Mountains, Wiyht ; Anamallay Mts., alt.
3-5000 ft. ; Travancor, Beddome.
JStem 6-12 in., apparently succulent. Leaves 2-3 in., very membranous, crenatures
with minute cilia, base ciliate or not, nerves slender, with scattered hairs on both sur-
faces; petiole 1-3 in. Peduncles 2-4 in. ; bracts broadly ovate, ^ in., green ; pedicels
short. Flowers 1 in. diam., lilac with a purple centre; sepals almost equalling the
standard ; lateral lobes of wings fleshy, forming a vault over the stamens ; terminal
almost orbicular ; spur '{ iu. Capsxde \ in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds unripe.
67. I. acuminata, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4754 ; shrubby, glabrous, stem
simple stout, leaves crowded upwards petioled lanceolate acuminate
crenate, peduncles axillary stout, flowers unibelled or racemed, bracts
broad, sepals large ovate-cordate, standard orbicular, wings 2-partite, lip
boat-shaped narrowed into the slender incurved spur. JL f. d: T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 145.
Wet rocks in the Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft.
Boot perennial? Stem 6-14 in., naked below, almost invariably simple. Leaces
3-5 in,, often caudate-acuminate, rather thick, crenatures minutely setigerous, not
ciliate at the base; petiole ^-\ in., naked. Peduncles J-l^in. ; bracts ^-^ in., obtuse
or acute, concave, green ; pedicels ^-1 in., erect. Flowtrs about 1 iu. diam., pale red;
IinjMtiens.] xxxii. geraxiaceje. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 463
sepals broad, very oblique, acuminate ; standard not winged or spurred ; lateral winir-
lobes renifonn, incumbent on the much larger triangular terminal one, lower margin of
wing with an inflexed auricle ; lip almost conical. Capsule ^ in., short, erect, ellip-
soid, subacute. /Seeds many, minute, woolly.
68. Z. Kookeriana, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bat. Mag. i. 324 ; shrubby,
glabrous, stem and branches robust, leaves elliptic acute or acuminate
crenate-serrate thick, petiole long with 2 large glands, flowers 4-6 sub-
umbelled long pedicelled, sepals small lanceolate, standard transversely
oblong spurred at the back, wing- lobes large broad rounded, lip small
continuous with the long curved stout spur. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4704;
Thivaites Enum. 66 ; H.f.<Sc T. in Journ Linn. Soc, iv. 145. I. biglandulosa,
Moon Cat. 18.
Central Province of Ceylon, alt. 3-5000 ft.
A shrub, 4-5 ft., with very stout stem and often scarred branches as thick as the
finger. Leaves 4-8 in., crenatures with a bristle ; petiole 1-4 in., stout, with 2 large
opposite glands above the middle (usually at the top). Peduncle 3-4 in., erect, very
robust ; bracts small, caducous ; pedicels very slender. Flowers 2 in. diam., white or
with the wings streaked with blood-red ; stamlard very large ; wings spreading, lateral
lobes oblong, terminal much larger, notched towards the tip; spur and lip 1^-2^ in,
Copsvle ^-| in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous, obtuse. Seeds many, young pubescent. —
This, though closely allied to /. grandis, seems to differ in the much smaller sepals, as
well as in the shape of the wings, lip, and spur.
69. X. g-randis, Rajm in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 464 ; shrubby,
glabrous, stem and branches robust, leaves elliptic acute or acuminate
crenate-serrate thick, flowers 4-6 subumbelled long- pedicelled, sepals large
broad-ovate, standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes obovate terminal cuneate
notched, lip saccate obtuse or prolonged into a very stout conoidal straight
spur. Wight in Madr. Jour. v. 10, t. 5 ; W. (& A. Prodr. 137 ; Am. in Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324; Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. 31, t. 153; //. / (jc T.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 145.
Mountains of Malabar and Tinnevelly, alt. 1-4000 ft., WigJit, &c.
Shrubby, 8 ft. high, habit, foliage, and inflorescence of/, biglandulosa, and with the
same coloured flower, but the sepals are three times as large, the standard more orbi-
cular, the wing-lobes much narrower, and the lip ends in a sac or very stout conoidal
straight spur.
** Spur shorter than the flower or 0. {See I. grandis and biglandulosa
in *).
70. X. campanulata, Wight in Madr. Jour. v. 11, t. 7 ; Ic. t. 744;
herbaceous, robust, glabrous, sparingly branched, leaves long-petioled
elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate crenate glaucous beneath, peduncle stout,
flowers 3 umbelled, bracts very large deciduous, sepals very large and
broad ovate, standard orbicular keeled at the back, wing-lobes small in-
curved, lip smooth boat-shaped, spur very short. H.f. (& T. in Joam. Linn.
Soc. iv. 145.
Mountains of the Southern Carnatic, alt. 5-7000 ft., in moist woods, Wight.
Stem 4-5 ft., as thick as the finger. Leaves 3-6 in., membranous, crenatures ciliate,
base usually 2-glandular ; petiole 1-2 in., eglandular. Peduncle 2-3 in., very stout,
erect; bracts \ in., ovate-lanceolate,- subfoliaceous ; pedicels short. Flowers campanu-
late, white and yellow speckled with purple ; sepals perhaps the largest of the genus,
acuminate ; standard apiculate ; wings concave and pointing forwards, lateral lobe small,
obovate, overlapping the larger hatchet-shaped protruded terminal one. Capsule | in.,
ellipsoid, pointed at both ends, glabrous. Seeds globose, euhinulate.
464 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminece, Hook, f.) [Tmpatiens,
71. Z. leuoantha, Thwaifes Enum. 67 ; glabrous, stem erect simple
rarely forked, leaves in 1 whorl or fascicled rarely opposite shortly pctioled
lanceolate acuminate serrulate, peduncles several long erect, flowers in a
sliort terminal raceme, bracts ovate-lanceolate, sepals ovate-oblong acute,
standard hooded, lateral lobe of wings small lanceolate, terminal large
3-lobed, lip boat-shai)ed, spur short straight.
Ceylon ; at Hinidoon and Kittool Galle, Thioaites.
JStem 5-10 in., naked below, succulent. Leaves 6-10 in the fascicle, of unequal sizes,
3-6 in., serratures acute, base often ciliate ; petiole ^-i in- Peduncles many, longer
or shorter than the leaves, many-flowered ; pedicels capillary, spreading, \-l in. ;
bracts green, concave. Flowers white, ^ in, diam. ; standard not winged ; wings with
the lobes rounded ; spur ^ in. Capsules ^ in., unripe, erect, ellipsoid, glabrous,
beaked.
72. Z. linearis, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323 ; stem short
stout simple, leaves crowded upwards subsessile linear-lanceolate acute sub-
serrate, peduncles solitary or 2 stout erect, flowers very shortly umbelled,
bracts ovate, sepals short ovate, standard short spurred at the back, terminal
lobe of wings large obovate clawed, lip concave, spur very short. //. /. <is T.
in Journ. Linn. iSfJC. iv. 143.
Adam's Peak, CErLON, alt. 4-6000 ft., Walker, &c.
Erect, glabrous ; stem stout, scarred. Leaves many, 1-3 in., all crowded at the top of
tlie stem, rather thick, base not ciliate. Peduncle 1-2 in., very stout ; bracts \ in., green,
spreading, acuminate, concave ; pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers ^ in. diam. ;
wings large; spur a mere point. Capside | in., ellipsoid, very turgid, acuminate,
glabrous. tSeeth many, very small, pubesct-nt.
Var. petiolata; leaves rather broadly petioled with scattered short hairs on the
upper surface.
73. Z. appendiculata, Ay-n. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 323; small,
glabrous or pubescent, stem slender, leaves solitary few or many petioled
ovate ellii)tic or lanceolate acute serrulate, peduncles long solitary or few,
flowers umbelled or very shortly racetned, bracts broad-ovate or lanceolate,
sepals ovate or oblong, standard hooded, lateral lobe of wings lanceolate
caudate, terminal large clawed ^-cordate, lip boat-shaped, spur very
short. Thwaites Enum. 67.
Southern and Central parts of Ceylon, alt. 2-5000 ft.
Very variable, both in habit and foliage. Stem simple, rarely branched, naked
below, usually leafy above, with the leaves 1-1 4 in. broad, long-petioled and almost
glabrous above; other specimens have 4 similar but pubescent leaves in a whorl,
others 1, 2, 3, or a few lanceolate acuminate leaves, 4 in. long. Leaves membranous,
usually ciliate towards the base. Peduncle often solitary, subterniinal and longer
than the leaves, with an umbel or very short raceme of 4-8 flowers ; bracts \ in.,
concave, acuminate, green ; pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers about | in. long,
white or pale rose-colour; standard streaked transversely with red. — Thwaites de-
sciibes the lateral lobes of wings as small lanceolate long-caudate, the terminal
as larger 4-cordate and acuminate ; the spur is sometimes reduced to a mere
point. Capsule ^in., ellipsoid, turgid, beaked, many-seeded. Seeds immature, oblong,
hairy ?
74. Z. travancorica,^6'c/(/. Ic. PL Ind. Or. p. 29, 1. 142; small, stem
simple stout leafy at the top, leaves crowded small petioled elliptic sub-
acute crenate, peduncles 1-3 subterniinal erect 2-4-flowered, bracts lan-
ceolate, flowers umbelled small, sepals obliquely ovate, standard small
concave, terminal lobe of wings large sessile, lip boat-shaped, spur short
obtuse or 0.
Impaticns.\ xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamiceae, Hook, f.) 46o
Motintfiins of Travancor; Myhendra and Aghasteer. alt. 4-5000 ft, Beddome.
Stem strict^ G-8 in., naked below. Leaoes ^ in., rather thick, ciliated in the crena-
tures ; petiole slender, often as lonsc as the blade. Peduncles 1-2 in.; bracts green,
subulate-lanceolate, spreading. Floioers \ in. diam., white streaked with red, very
membranous; sepals oblique, acuminate; lateral lobe of wings small. Capsule un-
known.
75. X. uncinata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 11, t. 6; Ic. t. 747;
slender, elect, glabrous, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-cordate crenate,
peduncles slender 4-8-fld., flowers small subumbelled or shortly racemed,
sepals very large obliquely ovate, standard small elliptic, wings divaricating,
terminal lobe obovate falcate, lip subcampanulate, spur short, inflated
hooked. H.f. (k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 144.
Mountains of the Southern Carnatic, in dense shaded jungles near Courtallum,
alt. 2-3000 ft., Wight.
Stem 6-10 in., sparingly branched, leafy. Leaves 2-4 in., very membranous, ciliate
often at the base, crenatures large, minutely ciliate ; petiole ] -3 in., rather slender.
Peduncle shorter than the leaves ; bracts small, rather persistent ; pedicels ^-1 in.
Flowers f in. diam. ; sepals very large for the size of the plant ; standai-d pointed ;
lateral wing- lobes oblong, pointed forward, terminal protruded, rather hatchet-shaped;
lip shortly campanulate ; spur constricted at the insertion, inflated below it, with a
more slender upcurved tip. Capsule 3 in., ellipsoid, beaked, turgid, glabrous. Seeds
few, unripe, apparently orbicular and glabrous.
76. Z. eleg-ans, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 29, t. 145 ; stout, glabrous,
stem erect stout simple or branched, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-
cordate acuminate crenate, peduncles slender axillary and terminal erect,
flowers 3-0 umbelled or shortly racemed, bracts lar^e ovate-lanceolate,
sepals ovate, standard small orbicular- ovate, lateral wing-lobes small
rounded arched over the stamens, terminal very large obliquely ovate acute,
lip very small boat -shaped, spur 0.
Anamallay hills, in Travancor, alt, 2500-5000 ft., common, Beddome.
Stem 6-12 in., simple or branched, often rooting at the joints. Leuvss 2-4 in., very
membranous, '.jrenatures minutely ciliate ; petiole 1-3 in. Peduncles 1-3 in. ; bracts
J in., usually recurved, whorled ; pedicels capillary, spreading. Flowers 1 in. across
the wings, pale rose colour with a purple eye, those from the highest localities the largest ;
standard apiculate flat with a green dorsal ridge ; terminal wing-lobe sessile, tip obtuse
entire, inner margin obscurely retuse towards the tip. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, beaked,
turgid in the middle, glabrous. Seeds hairy, subglobohc. — In many respects near
/. cordata, in which the side lobes of the wings are also incurved.
A VIII.— Racemose.
* Sj^ur long and slender.
77. I. maculata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 12 ; tall, slender, branched,
leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate hairy above and
beneath, peduncles and very long lax racemes much exceeding the
leaves, pedicels horizontal, sepals large broad, standard small, lateral lobes
of wings minute terminal very large, lip conoid, spur very long slender.
H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 149.
Mountain streams in Malabar ; Sivaghery hills, alt.,4-7000 ft., Wight.
Stem 5-6 ft. ; branches and petioles laxly hairy, or glabrate. Leaves 3-5 in., mem-
branous, often 2-glandular at the base, se-n atures not tipped with a bristle ; petiole
1-2 in., sometimes with 2 or more long stipitate glands. Raceme and stiff pediaicle
together 6-12 in., quite erect ; bracts ovate, persistent ; pedicels 1 in. Flower nearly
1 in. long ; sepals and orbicular standard acuminate ; terminal wing-lobe suborbicular,
lateral hid under the standard; spur twice as long as the fljwer, curved up. Capsule
VOL. I. H H
466 xxxii. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineae^Hook. f.) [Impntieits.
4 in
The
in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds Buborbiciilar. pnstidar, and shortly hairy,
glands of the leaf-base and petiole are sometimes spirally involute.
78. Z. elong'ata, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324; tall, stout,
glabrous, simple or branched, leaves stout-petioled elliptic acuminate
serrate thick, peduncles far exceeding the leaves very stout, racemes lax,
pedicels horizontal, sepals rather large ovate, standard small, lateral lobes
of wings small, terminal large, lip small, spur long very slender. Thwaites
Enum. 67 ; H.f. d' 2\ in Joum Linn. ISoc. iv. 150.
Adam's Peak in Ceylon, alt. 3-4000 ft.
Apparently about 3 It. high; stem woody below, straight or flcxuons and scarred
above. Leaves 2-^ \v\.\ serratures gland-tapped. P«Zu»c/c very lax ; raceme 4-10 in.,
stout; bracts ovate, acuminate, persistent; f)edicel8 l-l^ in., horizontal, thi< kened np-
wards. Flower 1 in. long, red ; sepals acuminate, the small dorsally spurred standard
about equalling the lateral lobes of the wings : terminal lobe oblique ; s\i\XT IJ in., tip
thickened. Coji-nile ^ in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous.
79. Z. comig'era, Am. in Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323; quite glabrous,
stem simple rather stout, leaves (rarely opposite) petioled elliptic-lanceolate
acute or acuminate crenate, peduncles suiDtenninal slender erect, racemes
short lax, pedicels capillary, sepals small ovate, standard oblong acuminate,
lateral wing-lobes minute, terminal subquadrate with a broad claw, spur
long or short rather stout circinate at the tip. Thtmites Enuni. 67 ;
U.f. d: T. in Joaiii. Linn. Soc. iv. liiO.
Warmer parts of Ceylon, in damp woods.
IStem G-24 in , stout or slender, usually the former, often naked below and very leafy
above. Leaves very variable, 3-6 in., sometimes variegated with white along the mid-
rib, rarely seirate, crenatures ciliate ; petiole .|-1 in. PeiJimclcs erect, longer or
Khorter than the leaves; raceme 1-2 in.; bracts small, ovate, acute; pedicels 1 in.,
horizontal, t^neers 1 in. long, yellow, variegated with green or pale rose ; standard
concave, orbicular when spread out ; terminal lobe of wings with concave sides and
broad oblique notched apex ; sptir very variable, sometimes inflated below. Cfqmde
i in., ellipsoid, turgid, beaked, glabrous. iSeeds few, orbicular, compressed, shining. —
The shining smooth compressed seeds ally this to /. Klcinii, &c.
80. Z. Amottil, Thwaites Envm. 67 ; quite glabrous, stem simple
rather slender, leaves pt*ti<ded elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenulate
sparsely hairy above, peduncles strict subterminal, flowers few and shortly
racemed or subumbelled, sepals small cordate, standard small, lateral
wing-lobes small, terminal large clawed semicircular, lip small, spur slender
incurved.
Central Province of Ceylon, alt. 1-3000 ft., rare, Thwaites.
Very similar to /. cornujtra, but more slender, racemes shorter or flowers sometimes
umbclled, red-purple, tinged yellow in the centre, and with very diflferently shaptd ter-
niinal wing lobes which are notched at the apex on one side. — The base of the stem in
this and iis allies seems to form a perennial tuber.
81. Z. phoenicea, Bodd. in Madr. Joum. iii. 175: Ic. PI. Ind.Or.
p. 30, 1. 148; sufFruticose, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled lanceolate, narrowed
at both ends serrate, yieduncles axillary as long as the leaves racemose, br^icts
cordate, raceme few-floweced, sepals ovate, standard broad ovate, wings
small, lateral lobe cordate overlapping the much larger oblong terminal
one, lip with spur trumpet-shaped incurved.
Pulney hills in the Southern Carnatic, alt. 6-7000 ft., Beddome.
Apparently a slender sparingly branched herb, quite glabrous. Leaves 3-4 in., mem-
branous, serratures with rather long cilia ; petiole ^-1 in., naked. Peduncles axillary,*
Imprithns.] XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamiiieae, Hook, f.) 4G?
slender, erect ; bracts \ in., persistent ; pedicels 4-1 in., slender. Flowers 4-14, 1 in.
long, campanulate, brilliant scarlet, yellow in the centre ; standard vaulted, dorsally
winged ; tip of spur swollen. — Major Beddorae regards this as aUied to /. Walkeri, of
Ceylon.
82. Z. Tangrachee, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 147 ; glabrous, stem
stout short subprocumbent, leaves obscurely whorled subsessile narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate, peduncles exceeding the leaves very
stout erect, flowers subumbelled or racemed, pedicels erect, sepals oblong,
standard short broad, lateral wing-lobes truncate terminal broadly cuneate,
lip small boat-shaped, spur slender incurved.
Anaraallay hills in Travancoe, alt. 4000 ft. and upwards, in river-beds, Beddome ;
Bolemputty, Wight.
A short simple or forked herb, 6-10 in. Stem naked and rooting below. Leaves
2-3 in. ; glabrous on both surfaces, thick, nerves few slender. Peduncles very stout,
lk-2^ in.; bracts ^ in., coriaceous; pedicels ^-H io., stout, thickened upwards.
Flowers 4-8, 1-14 in., bright rose; spur stout, straight or hooked, terminal wing-lobe
with a broadly truncate and erose apex ; spur 1 in., straight or incurved. Capsule
^ in., gibbous, glabrous. Seeds many, very small.
83. X. leptura, Hooh. f. ; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves long-
petioled elliptic acuminate crenate membranous, peduncles axillary slender
2-3-fld, bracts deciduous, sepals broad ovate very oblique, standard small
"Vaulted, lateral wing-lobes small rounded, terminal very large suborbicular,
lip small saccate, spur long very slender incurved.
Anamallay hills, in Malabar, alt. 4500-5500 ft., Beddome.
Leaves 4-6 in., very membranous, with or without gland-tipped bristles at the base,
crenatures ciliate; petiole 1-3 in., slender. Peduncles shorter than the leaves : bracts
ovate, small ; pedicels ^-1 in. Flowers 1 in. across the broad flat wings ; standard
quite small, not winged or spurred dorsally ; lateral wing-lobes very small, concave,
overlapping the very large terminal ones which are quite entire ; spur 1-1^ in,, flexuous,
turned to one side. Capsule \ in,, ellipsoid, beaked, turged in the middle, glabrous.
Seeds many, orbicular, young pilose, probably large. — I have only fragments of this
very distinct species, which is labelled I. eordata? by Major Beddome.
** Spur short, or 0. (See also /. cornigera).
84. I. Wig-htiana, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 146 ; sufFruticose,
erect, glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate,
petiole with many stipitate glands, peduncles slender shorter than the leaves,
bracts ovate, racemes lax, pedicels ca}>illary, sepals small, standard small
orbicular ovate apiculate, lateral wing-lobes small spreading, terminal very
large long oblong obtuse, lip funnel-shaped, spur short incurved.
IMoist forests in the Anamallay hills, Travancor, alt. 3-4500 ft., Beddome.
Leaves 5-6 in., with a few scattered hairs above on the nerves, membranous, Hneolate
between the nerves; petiole 14-24 hi., slender. Peduncles flowering almost through-
out their length; bracts very small; pedicels spreading in fruit. Flowers 1-1] in.
long, white mottled with pink ; standard with a green dorsal ridge ; upper wing-lobe
oblong, pointing forwards, terminal narrow, obtuse ; spur very short, hooked. Capsule
\ in,, trapezoid, glabrous. Seeds about 5, globose, hairy,
85. Z. Walkeri, Ilooh Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324, t. 18; tall, erect, quite
glabrous, leaves very long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrulate,
peduncles stout erect, flowers 6-8, bracts broadly ovate, pedicels slender
erect, sepals small ovate- cordate, wings small 2-partite, lip elongate serrate
ventricose incurved laterally compressed, spur very short incurved. Bot.
Mag. t. 6237.
H H 2
468 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) [Impaticns.
Central Provinces of Ceylon, alt. 4-6000 ft.
Hoot tuberous, perennial. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, simple or branched. Leaves li-4 in.,
thick, serratures ciliate, petiole ^-l in. Peduncles stout, erect; racemes 4-8- flowered;
bracts small, persistent ; pedicels slender, erect, spreading in fruit. Flowers §-1 in.,
scarlet, rarely yellow ; sepals small, ovate ; standard very small, hooded ; wings very
small, lateral lobes rounded, almost hidden under the standard ; terminal lobes orbi-
cular protruded, notched on the inner margin towards the rounded end ; lip very large,
walls imdulate ; spur slender, hooked, swollen at the tip. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, gib-
bous, glabrous. Seeds unknown.
86. I. tavoyana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4773 ; short, quite glabrous,
stem stout succulent, leaves petioled ovate acuminate subserrate base with
long cilia, peduncles subterniinal erect slender, flowers small in short
racemes, bracts minute, pedicels spreading cajiillary, sepals narrow, standard
small oblong concave spurred at the tip, terminal wing-lobes very long-
clawed pendulous oblong?, lip boat-shaped with a gibbosity or short slender
spur. //. /. cC' 2\ in Journ. Linn. JSoc. iv. 146. I. lineata, 2\trcz. in Hull.
Soc. Nat. Jfosc. 1859, i. 271.
Tenasserim at Moulmein, Lohb.
Annual. Stem 4-10 in., simple or branched. Leaves 2-3 in., very membranous,
serratures ciliate, hairs at the base not glandular; petiole ^1 in. Peduncles 1-3 in,,
erector spreading; raceme terminal, 8-1 4-flnwercd; bracts setaceous, persistent, pedi-
cels 4-1 in. Flowers 4 in. long, white? with purple streaks on the lip , sepals variablef
in shape, usually linear ; standard with a green spur at the tip ; claw of wings ^ in.
long, very narrow, strap-shaped, blade shorter than the claw, obovate-cuneate, with a
callous auricle at the base ; lip large for the plant, very concave, acuminate ; spur
sometimes as long as the hp, and turned up along its base. Capsule \ in,; trapezoid,
acutely beaked, glabrous. Seeds 2-3, oMong, compressed, opaque, glabrous. — An ex-
ceedingly curious species, the long slender claws of the wings are tmiqne in the genus.
The form of the wing itself, as described, I have not ascertained with sufficient
confidence.
87. Z. racexnulosa, Wall. Cat. 7274 ; stem simple erect leafy, leaves
long-petioled elliptic-ovate acute crenate-serrate, petiole eglandular, racemes
flexuous axillary 6-8-flowered, bracts ovate, pedicels capillary, flowers
f in., sepals obliquely ovate, standard small orbicular, terminal lobe of
wings very large ^-orbicular violet, lip boat-shaped, spur incurved slender.
//./. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 138.
Khasia Mts., in marshes, alt. 4-5000 ft., Gomez, &c. ; Bhotan, Uerh. Griffith.
Stem 6-8 in., succulent, sometimes thick. Leaves \^-2\ in., membranous, exstipu-
late. Racemes 1-2 in., horizontal ; pedicels scattered, spreading, J in. ; bracts ^-j^m.,
coriaceous, persistent, glandular at the tip. Flowers | in. across the wings, of a deep
fine violet colour; standard not spurred at the back ; lateral lobes of wings small ; spur
^-f in,, obtuse, curved into a semicircle. Capsxde i^\\ovi, ^ in., clavate, acute, glabrous.
Seeds few, small. — A very beautiful plant, allied to none.
B. Capsule linear.
B I.— Oppositifolia and Verticillata. (See I. trijyetala in B ii.)
88. Z. Roylei, Walj^. Bej). i. 475 ; tall, robust, branches quite glabrous,
leaves usually opposite and whorled lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply
serrate, stipules of seta, peduncles subterminal, flowers many umbelled or
racemed, standard 2-lobed, wings broad, lip saccate very obtuse, spur short,
capsule clavate beaked cernuous. //./. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 127.
I. glandulifera, Bo7/le III. 151, t. 28, f, 2 ; Lindl. Bot. Beg. 1840, t. 22 ; Hook.
But. Mag. t. 4020.
Im2?aticns.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 469
Temperate "Western Himalaya ; common from Nipal to Marri, alt. 6-8000 ft.
A handsome often gigantic species, 4-10 ft., with the stem as thick as the thumb,
fleshy. Leaves very variable as to disposition, size, breadth, petiole, and cutting of
the margin, base rounded or acute ; stipules of stout glaud-tipped setae. Peduncles
2-5 in., stout, straight, erect ; bracts ovate lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers usually pale
red-purple, sometimes white ; sepals ^-^ in., green. Capsule ^-f in., clavale, or
much narrowed towards the base, top abruptly beaked, glabrous, usually drooping, very
turgid in the middle. Seeds large, broadly obovoid ; testa opaque, spongy. — Very
closely allied to /. longicornu, sulcata, and Thomsoni. Edgeworth considers that
1. 'luoschata differs specifically in its musky odour, habit, and more deeply serrated
leaves. — Seeds eatable raw, tasting like nuts.
Var. 1 ; leaves crenate-serrate, serratures glandular.
Var. 2. moschata; leaves alternate and whorled, coarsely serrate, less glandular.
I. moschata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 38.
Var. 3. Candida; uppermost leaves opposite or whorled, flowers white spotted with
crimson. I. Candida, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. 1840, Misc. 85 ; 1841, t. 20.
Var. 4. macrochila ; upper leaves alternate, terminal lobes of the wings longer
dimidiate-ovate falcate. 1. macrochila, Lindl. Bot. Beg. 1840, t. 8. '
89. Z. Thomsoni, Hook f. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 128 ; tall, robust,
branched, quite glabrous, leaves opposite below whorled or alternate
above, petioled ovate acuminate coarsely serrate, stipules pulvinate*,
peduncles erect, flowers umbelled, sepals ovate-lanceolate, standard entire,
wings 2-lobed, lip conical narrowed into the rather long spur, capsule
narrowly clavate.
Inner ranges of the Temperate Himalaya, Piti and Kunawur, alt. 9-10,000 ft.,
T. Thomson; Kumaon and Garwhal, alt. 12,000 ft., Strach. & Wint. ; Sikkim, alt.
12,000 ft., /. n. H.
Probably a small state of I. Boylei or sulcata, 2-12 in. high, with flowers only half
the size, a conical or trumpet-shaped lip narrowed into the spur, and a narrower cap-
sule 4-1 i"- long- It is only found in the interior and drier Himalayan ranges, and
varies exceedingly in the size of all its parts. The flowers are pale and spotted. The
stipules usually form a large glandular tubercle.
90. I. sulcata, Wall. (Jot. 4764 in part ; stem stout erect grooved
quite glabrous, leaves usually opposite and whorled elliptic- ovate or lan-
ceolate coarsely crenate-serrate, stipules pulvinate, flowers many umbelled
or racemed, standard 2-lobed, wings broad, lip saccate obtuse, spur short
inflexed, capsule elongate horizontal. H. f. <£• T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv.
129. I. gigantea, Edgew. in Trails. Linn. Soc. xx. 38.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-12,000 ft., from Makri to Sikkim.
A gigantic annual herb, said to attain 15 ft. in height, but 1 never saw it more than
8 in Sikkim, with furrowed fistular stems, so like /. Boylei that I suspect it may prove
to be a variety of that plant, differing in the more crenate leaves, stipules (a very vari-
able character), and the longer narrow inclined capsules 1 in. long, wdiich are but
sUghtly clavate, and have similar large eatable seeds. It should also be compared with
states of /. longicornu. The 4 lateral sepals are sometimes developed in Sikkim. /^
Var. minor; smaller, lip conical.— Kunawur, alt. 8000 ft., T. Thomson.
91. I. amplexlcaulls, Edgew, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 37; tall,
branched, quite glabrous, leaves sessile lower opposite oblong-lanceolate
upper ahernate ovate-lanceolate amplexicaul, all crenate-serrate, stipules
pulvinate or obsolete, flowers umbelled or racemed, standard orbicular
2-lobed, wings 2-lobed, lip saccate acute or obtuse, spur short inflexed,
capsule slender horizontal. //./. (^ T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 129.
Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-12,000 ft.; Kulu, Edgeworth; Simla, Lady
Dalhousie ; Kumaox, Strach. & Wint.
470 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineoe, Hook, f.) [Impaticns.
A very distinct species in foliage, and at once recognised by tlio alternate am-
plexicaul upper leaves, but the lower leaves, habit, flowers and fruit differ little from
/. sulcata and Thomsoni. The stem is 4-angled, peduncles short, llovvers fewer and
smaller, and the capsule is hardly clavate, 1-1 J in,
B II.— Unifloe^. (See also /. discolor^ spirifer and serrata under B m.,
* which are sometimes 1-nowered).
92. Z. trlpetala, Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 453 ; tall, glabrous, rarely-
pubescent, branched, stout, leaves large membranous long petioled opposite
alternate or whorled ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crennlate,
pedicels slender solitary or fascicled, tiowers large, sepals subulate falcate,
standard obovate spurred at the back, wings small, lip deeply saccate,
spur short abrupt mcurved. I. multiflora, Wall Cat. 4742; //./. <t' T. in
Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 126.
Tropical Himalaya, Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. IT.; Bhotan, Duphla Hills,
Booth; Assam, Silhet, and Khasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft.
Annual. JStein stuut, succulent, 1^-2 ft., swollen at the nodes, simple or with op-
posite branches. Leaves 2-8 in., exclusive of the petiole, which is often 5 in.^ mem-
Dranous, acuminate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, nerves very numerous, lower
crenatures often with bristles. Pedicels 4-1 in., glabrous, bracteate at the base when
fascicled on a short peduncle. Flowers red or purple, 1^ in. from the base of the lip to the
tip of the standard, glabrous or pubescent; sepals very small for the size of the flower;
standard galeate ; wings with two suborbicular lobes ; lip rounded at the base, suddenly
narrowed into a spur. Capsule ^-\ in., ellipsoid, quite glabrous. Sccdn many, pyrilbrm,
testa rough opaque. — Specimens of this might be referred to sections B. i. and B. iii.,
accoiding as the leaves are opposite or alternate, and the pedicels solitary or collected
on a peduncle.
93. Z. puberula, DC. Prodr. i. 684 ; slender, erect, leafy, pubescent,
leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate crenate acuminate eglandular, pedicels
subterminal bracteate slender l-flowered, flowers pubescent violet, sepals
broad, standard orbicular notched dorsally winged, terminal lobe of wings
broadly semi-obovate, lip conoidal, spur long slender incurved, capsule
slender. Wall. Fl. As. Far. ii. 83, t. 193 ; Cat. 4767 A ; //./. <^ T. in
Joum. Linn. ISoc. iv. 141. I. mollis, Wall, in Moxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey,
ii. 461. I. hispidula, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4740.
Temperate regions of the Sikkim and Nipal Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft.
«SYe7/i ,2-3 ft., sparingly branched, pubescent above. Leaves 1-3 in., membranous,
usually pubescent on both surfaces ; petiole rather short; stipules 0. Pedicels 1-1 4 in.,
pubescent, usually confined to the uppermost axils ; bracts subulate, basal, or 0.
Flower flat, l|-l| in. from the standard to the wings; sepals broad ovate acuminate;
standard almost as large as the two wings, and, like them, of a deep violet colour; wings
of 2 sessile lobes, lateral smaller rounded; lip rather small; spur ^ in. Capsule 1 in.,
glabrous. Seeds immature. — In the Linnean Journal I confounded with this under
variety ^, a Khasia plant which I now find should be referred to /. hella, leaving this a
single-flowered species. The Sikkim specimens are larger leaved and more glabrous than
the Nipalese.
94. Z. arg-uta, H. f. & T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 137 ; slender, erect,'
glabrous or sparsely pubescent, leaves ovate or lanceolate sharply ser-
rate, petiole usually glandular, peduncle very short 1-2-flowered, bracts
setaceous twisted or 0, flower large, sepals ovate-cordate, standard orbi-
cular spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very long pendulous, lip
elongate saccate, spur short stout incurved.
InijMtiens.] xxxii. GERAXiACEiE. (§ Balsainineifi, Hook, f.) 471
Shaded woods of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 5-7000 ft., and Khasia Mts., alt. 3-6000
ft. ; Bhotan, at Duphla, Booth ; Bikma, at Momyen, /. Anderson.
Perhaps only a variety of /. spirifer, but a stronger growing plant, often much
branched, leaves more strongly toothed, often ciiiate at the ba«e, petiole usually glan-
dular, bracts, when present, very curiously twisted, lip deeper, and spur not spiral.
Capsule 1 in., stout, /Seeds orbicular, small, opaque, granulate. — 1 have found 4 late-
ral sepals on this species ; it was the commonest Darjeeliug one in 1848.
B in. — AXILLIFLOE^.
* Standard usually spurred at the hack.
95. X. Jurpia, Ham. in Wall. Cat.^ 4761 ; tall, shrubby, branched,
glabrous or pubescent, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate-'
acuminate often oblique crenate, peduncles very long 1-3-flowered, flowers
large, bracteoles and sepals minute, standard obcordate usually with a long
dorsal spur, terminal lobe of wings obovate or oblong, lip very large saccate,
spur short stout incurved. H.f. <&; T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv, 140.
Shaded woods of the temperate and subtropical Himalaya from Nipal to Bhotan ;
Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft.
Stem 5-8 ft., stout and woody below ; branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 3-10
in., very membranous, many-nerved, with scattered hairs above, often red beneath,
often ciiiate towards the base ; nerves numerous, slender ; petiole usually long and
slender, often glandular. Peduncles 2-4 in., slender; bracts subulate; pedicels 4-1 iu.
Flowers nearly 2 in. from the spur to the tip of the standard, white or pale straw-
coloured or orange-red ; standard with a spur sometimes J in. long, at others obsolete ;
wings small, lateral lobes rounded, included, terminal exserted, twice as large, notched
at the tip or not, with an inflexed auricle on the inner margin ; lip very large and
broad, usually rounded at the base ; spur stout, obtuse. Capsule 1-1 ^ in., narrow-linear,
clavate, acute, glabrous. Seeds many, small, opaque, suborbicular, tubercled. — A
splendid species, closely allied in flower to /. spirifer, arguta, and discolor. The
peduncles are sometimes 9 in. long, and bear many alternate broad ovate small per-
sistent thick bracts and no flowers. Amongst Cathcart's drawings of Darjeeling plants
is a white-flowered species, probably a variety of this, with large bracts and a very short
spur on the standard.
96. I. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4767; 1 DC. Prodr. i. 687; slender, erect,
branched, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles
short axillary 1-3-flowered, bracts broad ovate gland-tipped, flowers large,
sepals rather large broadly ovate, standard orbicular spurred at the back,
terminal lobe of wing large pendulous, lip very large deep conoidal nar-
rowed into a short stout involute obtuse spur. H.f. d; T. in Journ. Linn.
iSoc. iv. 137. I. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Reise Pr; Waldem. Lot. 121, 1. 15 A.
Temperate Nipal and Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft.
Glabrous, or pubescent on the leaves above. Stem 3-5 ft, decumbent and rooting at
the base. Leaves membranous, crenatures coarse, with a bristle in the sinus ; nerves
many ; petiole variable, naked. Peduncle a.x^d jjedicels together 1-2 in., very slender,
bracts yV i") scattered. Flowers 1^-2 in., violet-blue with a pink-purple veined very
large lip ; standard small ; wings as in /. arguta and spirifer, which this much re-
sembles in foHage and flowers, but differs wholly in the frmt. Capsule | in., slender,
clavate and acuminate beyond the middle, the lower portion being seedless. Seeds un-
ripe. — A very common Darjeeling species. De Candolle describes the flower as yellow,
so I suspect that he has had J. urtlcafolia (or perhaps 1. Jiavida) in his eye, with which
species this has much in common ; in this the leaves are more uniform, less crowded
upwards and less drawn out at the apex ; and the flowers are more uniformly lateral.
97. X. spirifer, H.f. dh T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 135 ; erect, glabrous,
or sparsely pubescent, leaves long-petioled ovate-lanceolate caudate-acu-
4?2 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
ruinate coarsely crenate ui)per sessile, stipules setose, peduncles 1-2, sepals
large ovate-cordate, standard orbicular spurred behind, terminal lobe of
•wings very long pendulous, lip subcampanulate, spur short spiral, capsule
long slender.
Temperate and subtropical woods of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 4-7000 ft.
Stem 8-10 in., slender, sparingly branched. Leaves membranous, 1-3 in., narrowed
int'o the slender cyliiidrical petiole, apiculate in the crenatures. Peduvchs sometimes
2 and connate at the base, ebracteate, very slender, shorter or longer than the leaves.
Flowers 1^ in. from the spur to the tip of the apiculate st!in<lard : wings violet-purple,
the terminal lobe sometimes 1^ in. long, elliptic-oblong; lip deeply conoidal, inHuted,
narrowed into the spiral spur, pale rose-coloured streaked with purple. Cajy^tile 1 in.,
very slender. /Seeds small, globose, puberulous. — A lovely plant, closely allied to
/. arguta, but the flowers are almost invariably solitary, and it wants the curious
united bracts.
98. X. porrecta, Wall. Cat. 7275 ; slender, quite glabrous, stem simple
creeping below, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrulate
2-glandular near the base, peduncles 2-3-flo\vered, bracts setaceous gland-
tipped, sepals ovate-lancetdate, standard orbicular spurred at the back, ter-
minal lobe of wings elongate pendulous, lip large conoid deep narrowed
into a rather long abruptly hooked spur. H. f. <k T. in Jourii. Linn.
JSoc. iv. 138.
Khasia Mt9., Wallirh; in marshes at Kala Panee, alt. 5-6000 ft., /. D. H. & T. T.
aSYc7w siniple, 12-18 in, succulent. Leaves 14-24 in., membranous, many-nerved;
petiole 1-1 4 in. JPcduncIe with the pedicels shorter than the leaves. Flowers large,
14 in. long, pale yellow or straw-coloured, beautilully striated with red; standard and
wiuijs as in /. discolor, but the lip is very different, being almost triangular in profile,
narrowed into a spur as long as itself. Capsule very immature, apparently not more
than 4 in., acuminate.
90. X. scabrida, DC. Prod?-, i. 687 ; glabrous or pubescent, leaves
ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrate, stipules of two large glands, pe-
duncles short 2-6-flo\vered, bracts setaceous, sepals broad ovate-cordate,
standard very large orbicular spurred behind, wings smaller, lij) conoidal
as long as the incurved spur. Wall. Cat. 4769 ; Wif/M Ic. t. :'.23 ; //./. <(• T.
in Journ. Linn. ISoc. iv. 136. I. tricornis, Lindl. Lot. lu'(j. 1840, t. 9; Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 4051. I. cri.stata and I. calycina. Wall, in lloxh. F'l. Ind. Ed.
Careij, ii. 456 and 463. I. Hamiltoniana, Don Prodr. 204.
8hady woods of the temperate Himalaya, from Kunawar to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft.
Robust, often much brancbed, 3-5 ft., rarely quite glabrous. Leaves 2-6 in., sesi-ile
or narrowed into tbe naked petiole. Flowtrs 1 in., golden-yellow, spotted with red,
sometimes panicled, generally in several axils; peduncle 1-2 in., pedicels as long;
standard cordate at the base, lateral lobe of wings short rounded, terminal much -smaller,
oblong. Capsule 1-2 in., slender, straight, ribbed, glabrous or puberulous. Seeds
1 -seriate, oblong, scarcely tubercled. — De Candolle describes the spur as very Inng
(longissimus), which is certaiidy not the case. I have no ISikkim specimen, but have
a figure of the plant amongst Caihcail's drawings, which has 4 lateral sepals.
100. X. tropseolifolia, Griff, mss. ; nearly glabrous, stem stout succu-
lent branched, leaves petioled elliptic-obovate acuminate crenate-serrulate,
X)eduncles succulent 2-3-flowered, flowers large yellow, sepals broad orbi-
cular-ovate, standard orbicular thick green with a dorsal spur, wdngs very
large clawed 2-lobed with an inflexed thickened auricle on the inner
margin, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a stout incurved spur.
MisHMi Hills, Griffith.
Annual, a foot high; stem diaphanous, flexuous. Leaves 2-34 ^^-t rather thick,
Imputiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 473
glabrous or sparsely puberulous above, white beneath, teeth with subspiral bristles,
nerves slender; petiole \~% in. ; stipnlar glands obsolete or 0. Peduncles 1^ in., appa-
rently not stiff ; bracts small, caducous ; pedicels slender. Flower about 1 in. diam. ;
sepals acuminate, green; standard very coriaceous or fleshy; wings 1 in. long, claw
broad, dilating first into a rounded lateral lobe, which is followed by twice as large a
rounded terminal lobe ; a curious incurved and thickend semilunar fold of the inner
margin occurs opposite the union of the lobes ; lip large ; spur 1 in. long. Fruit un-
known. — This fine species may belong to A v. in the short-fruited section.
** Standard not spurred, hut sometimes gibbous at the back. {See also
100. tropaeolifolia.)
101. Z. laevlg-ata, Wall. Cat. 4753 ; shrubby, erect, glabrous, leaves
petioled elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate serrate, peduncles
axillary very short stout, bracts large, Howers racemed and crowded Or'
solitary yellow, sepals very large green orbicular, standard transversely
oblong not spurred behind, wings short 2-lobed, lip funnel-shaped narrowed
into a hooked spur of its own length or shorter. H. f. <k T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. 146.
Shaded woods in the Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft.
Stem 4-6 ft., woody below, branched; branches nodose, sometimes pubenilous.
Leaves 4-6 in., membranous, often oblique at the base, serratures with a bristle;
petiole \-l in., sometimes glandular. Peduncles ^-lin., usually crowded in the upper
axils, stout, 1-4-flowered; bracts broadly ovate-cordate, obtuse, sometimes i in.; pedi-
cels short, stout. Flowers 1-14 in. long, pale yellow streaked with pink on the wings
and lip ; sepals very large indeed, sometimes 4 ii»- long, acute, very oblique ; upper,
wing-lobes short, oblong, obtuse, lower almost twice as large, oblong, unequally 2-lobed,
notched ; lip and spur |-1 in.
102. I. Cathcartii, Hook.f.; erect, shrubby, branched, glabrous,
leaves petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles
axillary long stout, bracts small, flowers laxly racemed large, sepals very
large coloured orbicular, standard orbicular gibbous or spurred behind,
wings short 2-lobed, lip saccate with a short stout incurved spur.
Shaded forests in the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 3-5000 ft., /. D.H.
A large ramous s[iecies, nearest allied to J. Icevigata in foliage and habit, but dif-
fering in the long very stout peduncled racemes, 3-7 in. long, smaller bracts, larger pink
flowers 2-24 in. loiig> with bright rose-coloured spur and standard; in the red (not
green) sei)als and more saccate lip. — As in /. Jurpia and other species the standard
varies in being .spurred or only gibbous at the back.
103. I. serrata, Bentli. in Wall. Cat. 4771 ; glabrous, erect, simple or
sparingly branched, leaves sessile or shortly petioled ovate-lanceolate acu-
minate s'harply serrate eglandular, stipules glandular or 0, pedicel very slender
forked in the middle li-flowered, bracts setaceous scattered, sepals large
broad, standard oblong clawed, wings clawed narrow, lip oblique conoid, spur
about equalling the flower. H. f. dL* T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 136.
Shaded woods in the temperate regions of Nipal, Wallich ; Sjkkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft.,
and Bhotan, Griffith.
Stem slender, 1-3 ft. Leaves membranous, narrowed gradually into the petiole.
Flowers |-14 in. long, yellow or white spotted with red ; sepals very variable, some-
times very large, and almost orbicular; standard and wings apparently remote from the
length of their claws ; spur abrupt, recurved. Capsule 1-1^ in., very slender. iSeeds
numerous, narrow obovoid, strongly tubercled. — Allied to /. scabrida, but smaller, moi-e
delicate, with ditferently shaped lip, spur, and sepals.
104. I. longripes, E.f. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 150 ; quite glabrous,
tall, branched, leaves distant shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate-
474 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
acuminate crenate, peduncles solitary axillary very long slender arcuate,
raceme terminal 3-5-flowered, bracts subulate caducous, flowers 1 in.
yellow, sepals 2-4 small, standard orbicular apiculate, wings with a long
narrow twisted terminal lobe, lip trumpet-shaped, spur slender hooked.
Temperate Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8-10,000 ft., /. D. R.
A very distinct plant, 3-4 ft,, with scattered uniform leaves and long axillary sub-
horizontal peduncles, 2-5 in. long. Stipules 0. Stem subtetragonous. Leaves 3-5
in., membranous, rather falcate ; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers loosely racemed, pale yellow,
unspotted ; buds rounded at the apex. Stixih sometimes 4, ovate-lanceolate ; lateral
"v\in,^-lobe rounded, terminal 1 in., broadly subulate. Capsule not seen. — 1 have not
cited any other habitat for this species but Sikkim ; the Kumaon plants cited in Journ.
Linn. Soc. being imperfect. In the form of the flower it is most allied to /. laxijiora
and its allies.
105. I. urticifolla, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, u, 457 ; Cat. 4768 ;
simple or sparingly branched, quite glabrous, leaves large lower loiig-
petioled elliptic-ovate caudate-acuminate coarsely crenate, peduncles ax-
illary and subterminal very slender arched 3-5-tlowered, bracts persistent
slender, flowers large purple or vellow, sepals obliquely ovate, standard
orbicular, wings 2-lobed, lip shortly saccate, spur short incurved or hooked.
I. urticifolia, vars. a and -y, //./. (& T. in Journ. Liim. ISoc. iv. 152.
Temperate Himalaya, Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft., /. D.Il
Stem 2-3 ft., usually slender, and bardly branched. Leaves A-(!) in., upper sessile,
membranous, tips Ltn^ and quite entire; nerves many spreading, very slender; crena-
turcs with subbasal bristles ; petiole 1-3 in. ; stipular glands sessile or pedicelled or 0.
Peduncles 2-5 in., usually axillary, sometimes Rubtcrniinal and clustered, always very
slender, horizontal, and more or less arched ; divided, as it were, at the top into 3-5-
filiform pedicels, which, as well as the bracts (nearly \ in.), are very slender, and do not
spread. Flowers yellow according to Wallich, white or pale purple with red streaks,
in the Sikkim specimen, | in. diain. ; sepals oblique, long-pointed ; standard obscurely
keeled ; wings with broad lateral lobes and elongate oblong terminal ones ; spur almost
as broad as deep, apiculate, base contracted but rounded, spur stout, obtuse. Cnjjsule
1 in., inclined, linear, acuminate, glabrous, Seeds unripe. — This resembles a good
deal /, amphorata, but is distinguished by its' long, arched, filiform, usually horizontal,
peduncles, which do not bear a raceme, but as it were divide into pedicels, and by its
long slender bracts. It is most nearly allied to /. lomjipes and I. cymbifera. Wallich's
description of the flower is imperfect, and I am unable to examine the wings of the
dried specimens.
106. Z. cymbifera, Honk.f.; slender, branched, quite glabrous, leaves
petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-acuminate sharply crenate-
serrate, peduncles axillary and subterminal much shorter than the leaves
filiform 1-4-tlowered, bracts large caducous, flowers large lilac, se])als large
orbicular-ovate, standard orbicular gibbous behind, lateral wing-lobes
rounded, terminal elongate-oblong conniving, lip broadly and deeply boat-
shaped rounded below, spur 0. I. urticifolia ^, //./. <£: T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. 152.
Inner valleys of the Sikkim Himalaya ; Lachoong river, alt. 8-10,000 ft,, /. D. H.
Stem 2-3 ft., green with pale red-purple blotches; branches slender. I^eaves 4-8 in.,
membranous, tip quite entire, crenatures or serratures very shallow, with a terminal or
subterminal bristle ; nerves many, arched, slender ; petiole 4-4 in-, winged ; stipular
glands sessile. Peduncles 14-3 in., spreading, capillary; bracts ^ in,, boat shaped with
long points; pedicels divaricating. Floicers 1-1^ in. long, pale lilac spotted with red;
sepals nearly as long as the standard, acuminate, green on one (the upper) side of tho
midrib, lilac on the other ; standard much vaulted, hardly, keeled ; terminal wing-lobes
horizontal, obtuse, conniving and parallel; Jip | in. Jong, ovoid in outline, apiculate,..
Impatiens.] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineee, Hook, f.) 475
almost hemispherical below. Capsule |-1 in., linear, cuspidate, torulose, glabrous.
i:)eeds few, youns: obovoid acute at the hilum, opaque. — Most nearly allied to I. urtici-
fulia, Wall., differing in the acute small serratures ^ of the leaves, short peduncles,
caducous broad bracts, and the curious concave boat-like spurless lip.
B IV. — SUBUMBELLAT^.
107. I. bicomuta, Wall. inRoxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Gareij, ii. 460 ; Cat. 4765 ;
tall, stout, quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate
crenate caudate-acuminate, racemes subterminal interrupted, pedicels
whorled, bracts narrow persistent, flowers rather large, sepals small, standard
orbicular, wings caudate, lip horned at the tip produced downwards into a
broad conoid or oblong incurved sac, spur short hooked or incurved.
1. longicornu, Wall. Cat. 4729 in part, not of Flor. Ind. I. longicornu,
Wall. var. a ; //./. c& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148.
Central and Western Temperate Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich; Garwhal, Strach. <&
Wint.
A tall, leafy, much-branched annual ; stem stout, succulent. Leaves 3-6 in., mem-
branous, with sometimes a few scattered hairs on the upper surface, crenate, bristles
or basal ; petiole 1-3 in., often with prominent basal stipular glands. Fedundes
2-4 in., -rather stout, erect; racemes many-flowered; bracts whorled, ovate, with long
prominent glandular tips; pedicels |-1 in., slender. Flowers |-1 in. long from tip of
lip to that of standard ; buds 2-homed by the spur and projecting glandular herbaceous
end of the lip, which is large, broad, and remarkably incurved ; wings with small
lateral lobes and narrow terminal ones. Capsule (according to Wallich) 1^ in., cylin-
dric, smooth, shining. Seeds 8-10, subcylindric. — Under Wallich's 4729 (/. longi-
cornu) there is a fine specimen of this, together with one of /. sulcata, and another of
/. ampliorata ? to neither of which does his character of the double-horned bud apply ;
and as the said fine specimen accords with another called /. bicomuta, but without a
Catalogue number, in Wallich's Herbarium, collected in Nipal in 1821, and with his
description of that plant in Roxburgh's Flora Indica, I retain the name here. The
specimen in his Herbarium bearing the Catalogue name of I. bicomuta, has the spur
rather more like that of /. ampliorata, but it has not the broad sepals. The name
longicornu in his Herbai-ium is inapplicable to any of the 3 plants in the sheet to
which it is attached, and had best be suppressed ; and all the more because it is not
his own /. longicornu published in Roxburgh (which is De Candolle's, and his own
lepttoceras).
108. I. amphorata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 39; erect, branched,
slender or robust, glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic acuminate-crenate with
glandular stipules, racemes subterminal subumbellately interrupted, bracts
broad persistent, flowers large, sepals small broadly cordate, standard orbi-
cular dorsally keeled or crested, wings with short lobes, lip a large deep
broad rarely conical obtuse sac with a short abrupt incurved spur, capsule
linear.
Western Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 5-8000 ft.
The habit and foliage of this are quite those of /. bicomuta, but the petioles ar^ more
constantly 2-glandular at the base, with the glands either sessile or stipitate, the apex
of the leaf is not so produced into an entire linear tail, the raceme is often hardly
whorled or interrupted, the sepals are constantly cordate, and the lip is usually of a
very different shape, being very large, subcylindric and saccate, rarely conoidal, and
though at times apiculate, never having the strong callous green points which suggest
the name of bicomuta for that plant. The flowers are, 1 believe, rose-coloured and
yellow, with red veins ; the lip, often f in., is in one specimen from Simla, drawn out
into a spur circinnate at the tip, and with the spur considerably over an inch long.
The capsule is erect, |-1| in., huear, acuminate, not at all clavate. Seeds few, large,
4:7 Q XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
oblong, compressed ; testa rugose. — The following varieties are distinguished as species
by Mr. Edge worth : —
Var. 1. ampliorata proper; stipular glands pedicelled, standard crested, wings un-
equally hatchet-shaped, lip very obtuse, spur incurved, capsule subterete. I. anipho-
rata, Eclgeicorth, I.e. I. longiconiu, Wall. Cat. 4729, in part, I. umbrosa, Noh. in
Linn. Soc. Journ. I. picta, Knowhs & Wescott Floral Cabinet, t. 128 (according to
a specimen in Herb. Lindley).
VAR. 2. umbrom; stipular glands sessile obtuse, pedicels glandular, lip gradually
narrowed into the incurved spur, capsule subtorulose. I. umbrosa. Edgeiv. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xx. 39. 1. longiconiu, var. a and S, nob. I.e. I. bicolor, Hoyle III. 151,
t. 28. I. Roy lei, Klotzsch in Beise Pr. Wold. 121, t. 15 B.
Var. 3. ■pallens ; stipular glands unequal ear-shaped, pedicels thickened eglandular,
flowers smaller paler, lip gradually narrowed into a revolute spur. I. pallens, Edgcw.
I.e. 39. I. longiconiu, var. pallens, Nob. I.e.
109. X. Hdg-eworthil, Ilook.f.; tall, robust,"branchcd, glabrous, leaves
large petioled elliptic acuminate acutely serrate, peduncles subterminal
fascicled, raceme short, interrupted, bracts large keeled persistent often
wliorled, flowers large yellow and red, sepals very large orbicular midrib
crested, standard orbicular crested, lateral wing-lobes obliquely oblong,
terminal oblong, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into an incurved spur.
I. longicornu, var. y cristata, Noh. in Jomm. Linn. iSiiC. iv. 148.
Western Temperate Himalaya at Kundau and the Bcas Valley in Kuld, Edge-
worth.
This resembles very closely /. hicomnta in habit, stature, and foliage, but the leaves
are sharply serrate, the serratures tipped with glandular bristles, the sej)al8 are very
large, nearly ^ in, long, crested on the midiib, and the lip is broadly funnel-shaped,
without the callous green points of that species. From 7. umbrosa it differs in the
same points (except the last). The stipular glands are tumid ; the bracts boat-.shaped,
with long stiff' glandular points ; the tiower 1 in. long from the tip of the standard to
the spur; the sepals green, rest of the flower yellow streaked with red, except" the
broad crested midrib of the standard, which is green. Capsule and seeds as in
/. amphorata.
110. Z. mishmlensis, Uook.f.; quite glabrous, stem stout branched,
leaves petioled clliptic-ohlanceolate acuminate serrate, peduncles stout
axillary, flowers large white in broken wliorls, bracts large whorled per-
sistent, sepals large broad ovate, standard orbicular obtusely spurred at
the back, terminal wing-lobes elongate, lip fuuuel-sliaped narrowed into a
short incurved spur.
MisnMi Mrs., Gnjjith.
A stout apparently succulent plant, 4 ft. high. Leaves 6 in., crowded towards the
ends of the branches, membranous, sometimes gland-tipped, nerves very slender ; petiole
1^-2 in. ; stipular glands U or obsolete. Peduncles stout, shorter than the leaves ; bracts
in., spreading, acuminate, concave, green ; pedicels %-\ in. Elowers few, more or
less umbelled, about 1^ in. diani. ; sepals and standard flesh-coloured ; wings apparently
clawed and 2-lobed, both lobes being narrow, the terminal larger, tinged with yellow,
and with 2 yellow spots ; Up large j spur about 1 in. Capsule unripe, 1-1;J in., linear.
111. I. radiata, Hook.f.; tall, quite glabrous, much branched, leaves
long-petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles
fascicled towards the ends of the branches erect, pedicels very numerous
more or less whorled, bracts persistent, flowers small yellow or purpli.sh.
sepals small, standard orbicular, terminal wing-lobe elongate, lip conical
ending in a short straight spur. I. racemosa, U.f. dj T. in Linn. Soc,
Journ.jy. 147, not of Le Candolle and Wallich.
Impatiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineee, Hook, f.) 477
SiKKiM HiMALArA, alt. 6-12,000 ft.; Khasia Mts., alt. 5-7000 ft.
A large leafy species, 3-5 ft., with copious inflorescence. Leaves 3-5 in., often fas-
cicled towards the top of the stem, crenatures large, bristles basal ; petiole ^-3 in.,
with two large stipuliform glands at the base. Peduncles 3-8 in , corymbosely crowded,
strict, stiff, with 2-5 whorls of stiff spreading pedicels 4-2 in. long ; bracts whorled,
^-^ in., ovate, with long stout glandular points. Flowers ^ in. indndm^ the spur,
yellow or purplish, bud rounded at the top ; sepals lanceolate, with long points like the
bracts ; standard neither winged, keeled nor spurred ; spur straight with a swollen tip,
much shorter than the pedicel. Capsule f-1 in., strict, rarely inclined, usually in a line
with the pedicel, linear, hardly at all clavate, glabrous. /Seeds between obovoid and
oblong, small and smooth or nearly so, apiculate at the hilum. — A very distinct plant,
though in a dry state small specimens are indistinguishable from several of its allies
in B. V. The Sikkim specimens have larger seeds than the Khasian.
B V. — Eacemos^.
* Bracts deciduous ; spur long, slender.
112. Z. insig-nis, DC. Prodr. i. 688; glabrous, stem simple robust,
leaves sessile elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate thick, nerves many-
strong, peduncles subterminal usually numerous stout long erect, raceme
terminal, bracts large caducous, flowers crowded red, sepals large, standard
broadly oblong recurved, wings small 2-lobed, lobes short, lip conoidal
tapering into a long curved spur. Wall. Plant. As. Rar. ii. 83, t. 194;
Cat. 4766; H.f. dj T. in Joarn. Linn. JSociv. 150.
NiPAL, Wallich.
Stem 1-2 ft., quite simple, very stout, hard, angled, swollen at the nodes, leafy.
Leaves 2-5 in., almost coriaceous, serratures close-set, tipped with a stout brisde, midrib
and nerves prominent, transverse nerves very distinct ; stipules of 2 glands. Peduncles
often crowded at the top of the stem, 4-8 in., rigid ; bracts \ in., boat-shaped, acute ;
pedicels ^-| in., erect in flower spreading in fruit. Flowers 14 in., dark rose ; sepals
broad, acuminate ; standard neither keeled nor spurred ; lateral wing-lobes ovate,
obtuse, termiiial longer, oblong; lip with a stout point or horn, gradually contracting
below into the fiexuous spur, together 1 in. long. Capsule 1 in., narrow clavate, apicu-
late, glabrous, cernuous. — Specimens in the VVallichian Herbarium are labelled as from
Silhet, but 1 suspect through some error.
113. X. leptoceras, DC. Prodr. i. 688 ; very robust, much branched,
nodes close swollen, leaves sessile or petioled narrow lanceolate acuminate
crenate-serrate, peduncles fascicled subterminal erect shorter than the leaves,
flowers small (except the spur) crowded, bracts large boat-shaped with long
points deciduous, buds rounded, sepals large obliquely ovate-cordate, wings
2-lobed with a short narrow claw, lip boat-shaped, spur very long slender.
Wall. Cat. 4770. I. longicornu, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 462 ?
Miquel III. Flor. Archi}). Ind. 103. I. leptoceras var. a, H.f. & T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. 153. I. odorata, Don Prodr. 213.
NiPAL, or Sheopore, Wallich. — Distrib. ? Java {^liquet).
Stem 2-4 ft.? smooth, fleshy, as thick as the thumb below ; branches with decurrent
lines from the petioles. Leaves 5-Q in., very long-acuminate, serratures incumbent, with
basal bristles ; nerves not stout, and without transverse nervules ; petiole |-1 in., with
purplish stipular glands. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, stout, erect. Flowers yellow,
fragrant, ^ in. diam. ; bracts large, ^-f^ in., 3-nerved ; pedicels 1 in. Standard broader
than long ; wings (1 have given Wallich's description in the specific character) ; lip
pointed, but not hoi-ned at the point ; spur ascending or straight. Capsule detached,
those in the Wallichian Herbarium, and consequently possibly not of this species, are
1-1 1^ in., very narrow, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds unripe, oblong. — I find nothing
resembling Wallich's original specimens in any other collection, in point of robustness,
478 xxxTi. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminece, Hook, f.) [ImpatieTis.
Bhort intevnodes (1 in.), swollen nodes, leafiness, very long narrow leaves, few flowers
terminating the short peduncles, and great length of spur. Amongst his distributed
Bpecimens under this name, however, are /. racemosa, laxiflora ? and others. He has
attached a mss, ticket of " /. longicornu, Wall." (along with the lithographed Catalogue
ticket)- to the orie^inal specimen, thus identifying this plant with that he described in
the Carey Edition of Roxburgh's Flora Indica. In that work Wallich says he has
received the same plant from Western Nipal, gathered by Dr. Govan ; but there are no
specimens of Govan 's in his Herbarium, and I suspect that laxijiora gv racemosa is
here alluded to, which he has distributed under the same number, and which De Can-
dolle probably describes as var. a. /. leptoceras resembles /. insir/im, but the leaves
are longer, less coriaceous, and want the strong transverse nervules so well marked in
that plant ; the peduncles are moreover much shorter, the flowers and sepals mnrh
Btnaller, the tip is not horned at the points, and the spur is far longer. De CandoUe
describes two varieties, a and j3, with peduncles respectively longer and shorter than
the leaves. The present plant is his ^ I suppose ; his a being probably /. laxijiora.
I have, however, retained his name, as being in accordance with Wallich'a determi-
nation.
114. I. tuberculata, //./. d- T. in Joum. Linn. Soc.'iv. 155; erect,
branciied, quite glabrous, leaves shortly petioled elliptic acuminate crenate,
peduncles erect and pedicels short, bracts minute caducous, flowers small
purplish, sepals falcate, standard orbicular, wings exserted broad obtuse,
lip boat-shaped with a very short spur, capsule short clavate tubercled.
Temperate and Subalpine Sikkim Himalaya, alt 10-13,000 ft., J. D. 11,
iSttm 2-3 ft., succulent. Leaves 2-4 in., more or less fascicled as if whorled at the
ends of the branches, rather thick, bristles of the seiratures basal, nerves many, diverg-
ing; petiole J-.^ in. ; stipular glands obscure or 0. Peduncles 1-1 4 in.; racemes not
interrupted, 4-8 flowered ; pedicels \-^ in. Flowers ^ in. diam. ; sepals much curved,
very small ; standard orbicular, very concave, keeled at the back ; lateral wing-lobes
orbicular, terminal produced (I think); lip apiculate; stem broad short. Capsule
^ in., erect or horizontal, 5-angled, valves with 2 .series of pustules or tubercles; tip
obtuse, with a curved spur or beak. Seeds | in., oblong, narrow, compres'<ed ; testa
spongy, wrinkled, brown. — A very well marked species, L»y the shortly petioled leaves
with basal bristles in the cronatures, short peduncles and pedicels, peculiar capsules
and large seeds.
115. X. stenantha, ITook.f.; tall, much branched, quite glabrous,
leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or caudate-acuminate
crenate, peduncles axillary and terminal, bracts caducous, flowers
yellow, buds beaked at the rounded or subacute tip, sepals small narrow,
standard recurved, lateral wing-lobes oblong, terminal narrow elongate
acute or obtuse, lip trumpet-shaped horned at the very oblique mouth,
narrowed into a long slender spur.
SiKKTM Himalaya and E. Nipal, common, alt. 6-8U00 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt.
5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Usually tall, erect, much branched. Leaves 2-6 in., crenatures with basal or sub-
basal bristles ; petiole ^-3 in. ; stipular glands sessile or stipitato on the stem or petiole.
Peduncles slender, shorter of longer than the leaf; racemes short; bracts SL-taceous,
caducous long before the expansion of the flower. Flowers yellow, often speckled with
red; bud 1 in. long, with a long terminal green beak; sepals sometimes 4; standard
orbicular or oblong ; wings with, sometimes a twisted acute terminal lobe nearly as long
as the spur, which is sometimes clubbed at the tip. Capbule ^ in., narrow clavate,
acuminate, glabrous. /Seeds small, obovoid, compressed, opaque. — I long hesitated
before separating this from /. angustljlora, but the constantly caducous bracts both in
Sikkim and the Khasia Mountains seem to indicate an important diiference, which will
no doubt be confirmed when the structure of the flower is better known.
Var. 1 ; leaves large elliptic caudate-acuminate, terminal wing-lobes acute flat re-
curved or twisted. — Sikkim.
Impatkns.] xxxii. Geraniace^. (§ Balsamineee, Hook, f.) 479
? Vak. 2 ; leaves small obtuse or subacute, peduncles few longer than the leaves,
terminal wing-lobe strap-shaped obtuse, flowers orange-yellow speckle<l with red, mouth
of lip hardly horned. — I. Itptoceras, var. /3, H.f.& T. in Jour n. Linn. Soc. iv. 153,
Khaeia Mts., at Myrung and Nonkrim — perhaps a different species.
** Bracts persistent ; spur long, slender.
116. Z. racemosa, DC. Frodr. i. 688; erect, quite glabrous, slender,
branclieHI, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate,
peduncles lateral and subterminal slender erect, bracts persistent, flowers
^-|-in., sepals ovate, standard orbicular, wings with a filiform process
descending into the spur, lip boat-shaped with a curved spur equalling tiie
pedicel. I. racemosa. Wall. Cat. 4730 in part ; I. tingens, Edgew. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xx. 41 ; //. /. (& T. in Joiirn. Linn. ^oc. iv. 151. I. micrantha,
Bon Frodr. 203.
Temperate Himabya ; from Simla, alt. 5-7000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft.
Stem 2-3 ft. high, sometimes glandular above. Leaves 3-9 in., membranous, crena-
tures with a bristle in the sinus or near it; petiole 4-2 in., slender, naked or with
2 sessile or pedicelled stipular glands at tlie base. Eacemes usually exceeding the
leaves, not interrupted, lax, G-10-flowered ; bracts ovate, with stout glandular points ;
pedicels slender. Flowers small (4 in.), yellow; sepals very variable, ovate or oblong,
with points like the bracts ; standard not spurred or winged ; wings narrow, pendulous,
lateral lobes orbicular, terminal broadly strap-shaped, obtuse, with a basal rounded
auricle externally, a slender almost filiform process, with a glandular tip, descends from
the inner margin of each wing into the spur. Capsule ^-f in., linear-clavate, acmni-
nate, glabrous. /Seeds large, oblong, compressed, rugose. — A caieful examination of those
specimens of Wallich's /. raremosa that agree with De Candolle's description, prove its
identity with Edgeworth's /. tingens, both having the curious filiform process of the
wings concealed in the spur ; and this obliges me to alter the nfHftenclature adopted in
the Linnean Journal, together with the description, as far as the Khasian specimens
(which must be excluded) are concerned. I have failed to prove the existence of the said
processes in the dried Sikkim specimens, which are in a very unsatisfactory state for an
analysis of such deHcacy as that of the spur ; but I think I detect their presence. The
plant varies extremely in size of all its parts, but is always small-flowered. Some of
Wallich's specimens have linear-lanceolate bracts. There are two sheets marked
/. racemosa in Wall. Herb., and on both are specimens of this, and of what is either
/. radiata or a small state of I. licornvta. The plant distributed by Wallich to the
Hookerian and Benthamian Herb., is that here described. Edgeworth (Trans. Linn.
Soc.) describes the standard as keeled and crested, which I do not find to be the case in
his specimen, which precisely accords with Wallich's.
117. Z. laxiflora, Edgav. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 40 ; tall, branched,
quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate,
l)edunc!es subterminal slender fascicled, bracts persistent lanceolate, pedi-
cels slender, flower | in, yellowish, buds rounded at the end, sepals small,
standard orlDicular, lateral wing-lobes rounded or oblong terminal rounded
or elongate, lip conical apiculate narrowed into a long usually curved
spur.
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft. from Simla to Sikkim; Khasia Mts., alt.
5-6000 ft.
Stem 2-4 ft., slender. L^eaves 3-5 in , membranous, crenatures rounded with basal
orsubbasal bristles, nerves slender; petiole 1-3 in.; stipular glands various. Peduncles
usually exceeding the leaves, slender ; bracts small, narrow; pedicels not whorled or
fascicled, spreading. Flowers together with the spur, about 1 in. ; sepals usually small
and narrowly ovate; standard not crested nor spurretl at the back ; wings very variable
(if the following varieties all belong to one species) ; lip without a stout callous tip ;
spur straight or conical, tip often clubbed. Capsule %-! in., narrowly clavate, mucro-
480 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminece, Hook, f.) [Impatiens.
nate, glabrous. Seeds oblong, rugose, compressed, brown. — I have made this to in-
clude the common Himalayan Impatiens of the group with much hirger flowers than
rocemosa, crenate leaves, rounded tips to the buds, a long slender spur, and persistent
narrow bracts ; whether all the follo\\'ing varieties are referable to it cannot oe deter-
mined from dried specimens. Edgeworth's specimens in Herb. Bentham are not in an
examinable state. It diflers from /. leptoceras (to which 1 had referred various of the
ibrms) in the broader shorter leaves, persistent bracts, and habit of growth ; from
/. angufitijlora, in the rounded buds and lip not ending in a beak ; and from /. sten-
antha by the same characters and persistent bracts.
Var. 1. Edgeworthii ; stipular glands B-4 on each side of the petiole sessile, stan-
dard mucronate at the back, lateral wing-lobes obovate erect spotted yellow, terminal
flat lanceolate rosy or purple?, spur straight widte spotted yellow and purple. — I. laxi-
flora, Eilgeio. I.e. Banks of streams at Sevaria, alt. 7-9000 ft. Kumaon, Strach. cb
Wint. (Imp. 19). ^ _
Var. 2. Stracheyi; stipulary glands various, flowers yellow, lateral wing-lobes large
rounded spreading, terminal short, narrower obtuse. — Simla, T. jT. ; Birma, 7300 ft.,
Madden; Jagesur and Naintal, in Kumaon, iStr. & Whit. (Imp. 3); Sikkira, at
Choongtam, J. D. R.
Vak. 3. sikkimcnsis ; stipular glands several small or 0, standard green with purple
spots, wings lilac spotted with purple, lip yellow-green. — Sikkim at Lachoong, alt.
9000 ft.
Var. 4. Jchafiana; stipular glands or sessile or pedicelled, flowers pale-yellow,
Iffteral wing-lobes small spreading- ntunilod, terminal with a very broad rounded basal-
lobe on the outer margin and tongue-like obtuse apex. — Kha.sia, not common at Pom-
rang, Nunklow, Surureem and Molim. I. leptoceras var. a in part. M. f. tO T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 153.
118. 1. paludoBa, Hook/.; small, sparinji^ly leafy, quite glabrous,
leaves shortly petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or obtuse crenate-
serrate, peduncles 1-2 mucli longer than the leaves 2-4 flowercl, bracts
broad boat-shai)ed, flowers yellow, buds rounded, sepals orbicular-ovate,
standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes small spreading rounded, terminal
very large spreading lobed at the side obtu.se, lip boat-shaped apiculate
narrowed into a long slender incurved spur. I. leptoceras, va): C II. f. t(!* T.
in Jmirn. Linn. ISoc. iv. 153.
KiiASiA Mrs. ; marshes near Nonkrim and Pomrang, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T.
JStcm 4-10 in., rather rigid. Leaves 1-2 in., rather distant, thickish, crenatures with
basal bristles ; petiole \-h in. Peduncles 1-3 in., terminal and lateral ; bracts | in.,
spreading or reflexed. liowers with the spur 1-1 1 in. ; sepals more than half as long
as the keeled standard; terminal wing-lobes about J in. broad ; spur clubbed at the tip.
Capsule I in., cylindric, apiculate, glabrous. jSecds minute, subouovate, pointed at the
hilura, rough, opaque. — 1 was long disposed to rank this merely as a for«i of / laxijiora, but
besides that the habit is very ditt'erent, the leaves are small, rather coriaceous, not longf
acuminate, the peduncles are few and few-flowered, the bracts very broad and boat-
shaped, with short stilf glandular points, the sepals are much longer and broader, and
the capsule shorter.
119. X. angrustiflora, IIoolc. /. ; simple or branched, quite glabrous,
leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-acuminate crenate,
]>eduncles subterminal clustered slender erect, bracts small lanceolate
persistent, flowers yellow narrow, buds acuminate, sei)als small, standard
orbicular or oblong, lateral wing-lobes small, terminal elongate, lip
trumpet-shaped horned at the very oblique tip narrowed into a long slender
curved spur. I. leptoceras r), 6, H.f. d' T. iii Journ. Linn. iSoc. iv. 153.
Khasia Mts., alt. 5-7000 ft., Lohh, &c. ; Bhotan, Griffith.
Very similar to /. laxiflora, but at once distinguished by the narrow acute buds, due
to the very oblique mouth of the lip, which ends in a p-een strong subulate process,
Lnpaiiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 481
whence the unexpanded flower has a remarkably narrow form with a beaked tip; in
tin's respect it agrees with I. stenaniha, which differs in the deciduous bracts. The
wing-lobes vary much in breadth, and in var. 2 the terminal-lobes are inflexed,
crossing one another ; in var. 1 the form of the wing-lobes cannot be determined ; sti-
pular glands srssile or pedicelled or 0.
Var. 1 ; stem slender, branched, leaves elliptic-ovate. — Surureem in woods.
PBhotan.
Var. 2 ; stem very robust shorter sometimes narrowly- winged above, leaves longer
narrow-lanceolate. — Moflong.
120. Z. micranthemum, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 40; quite
glabrous, stem slender branched with scattered glands, somewhat winged
by the decurrent petioles, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate acuminate crenate,
peduncles subterminal fascicled and axillary very slender, bracts lan-
ceolate persistent, flowers ^ in. white, sepals small narrow, standard
orbicular, wings conniving, lateral lobes elliptic, terminal rounded, lip
tubular narrowed into a slender straight spur. //./. <& T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. 154, under I. laxiflora.
Temperate Western Himalaya; Simla, alt. 6-10,000 ft., Elgeioorth, Thomson.
A tali slender pale succulent plant, with difficulty distinguished in a dry state from
/. laxijlora, except by the smaller flowers and straighter spur. Leaves 3-4 in., very
rarely opposite, flaccid, with often 2 glands at the base of the blade, crenatures with
basal bristles, upper subsessile ; stipular gland stipitate. Peduncles longer or shorter
than the leaves ; racemes many-flowered ; pedicels ^-1 in., capillary. Flovyers white ;
standard with yellow and red spots. Capsule horizontal, \-\ in., linear, apiculate, gla-
brous^ Seeds oblong, rugulose. — I can find no valid characters in the description given
whereby to separate /. elata ; both are probably forms of /. brachi/centra, to which
Edg'eworth's var. ,8 of /. micranthermim may be referable.
Var. 1 ; bristles of crenatures basal, pedicels glandular. I. micranthemum,
Edgew. I.e.
Var. 2 ; bristles of crenatures subapical, pedicels glandular. I. elata, Edgew. Zc. 41.
* Bracts persistent, sjnir short or 0.
121. X. . brachy centra, Kar. (i- Kir. in Bidl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1S42, i.
179 ; erect, slender, branched, quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled
ellii^tic acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles fascicled at the top of the
stem stout erect, racemes many-fiowered, bracts minute persistent, flowers
minute pale, sepals ovate obtuse concave, standard broadly obovate, wings
ratffer long, lateral lobes rounded, terminal produced 2-lobed, lip boat-
shaped with a very short straight conical spur.
Western temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., from Kunawur, Jacquemont, to
Marri, Fleming. — Distrib. Soongaria.
Annual, 1-2 it. iStem usually naked below, not winged. Leaves 2-5 in., very mem-
branous, teeth tipped with a bristle, nerves many, very slender ; petiole 4-1 i"-, slender,
often with 2 sessile or stipitate stipular glands. Peduncles usually very numerous, 1-3
in., very slender, mostly subterminal, with a few reduced lateral ones in the lower axils ;
bracts setaceous; pedicels capillary. Flowers \ in., whitiish ; sepals large for the size of
the flower ; standard not keeled or spurred. Capsule ^-| in., narrow clavate, acute,
membranous, glabrous. Seeds few, oblong, pyriform, compressed, rugulose. The bristles
of the teeth of this species are distinctly apical. — I. ulata, Edgeio. {Trans. Linn. Soc. xx.
41) differs according to the description in the distinct spur, in being di^tted with black
glands, and having glandular tips to the pedicels. (See under I. micrantheynunl.)
122. Z. depauperata, Hook. /.; low, slender, very much branched,
quite glabrous, loaves small shortly petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate
acmninate-crenate, racemes axillary few-flowered, bracts persistent, flowers
VOL I. n
482 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ BalsaminesB, Hook, f.) [Ivipatmis.
minute yellow, sepals ovate, standard orbicular, wings short, lip boat-
shaped with a gibbosity or boss in place of a spur.
Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., at Surureem on walls, Griffith; at Molira, /. D. H.
tC- T.T.
Like a very small form of /. racemosa, but the flowers are not | in. diameter and
are not spurred. I should have referred it to a reduced form of this plant with minuie
flowers arie.sted in development, had it occurred in the Himalaya, but the widely-
sundered habitat obliges me to regard it as distinct. — Capsule ^ in., narrow-clavate,
glabrous. aSccJs small, obovate, compressfcd, pointed at the hilum.
OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY.
123. Z. grlauca, //. /. d' T. in Jouim. Linn. JSoc. iv. 155 ; tall, stout, erect,
quite glabrous, very glaucous throughout, leaves long-petioled ovate-oblong
or cordate coarsely crenate white beneath, peduncles axillary and terminal
very long and stout, raceme npt interrupted.
Western temperate Himahiya, at Dwali iu Kumaox, alt. 9500 ft., Strach. & Wint.
Stem very stout, the base of the branch in the Herbarium, which is almost 2 feet
long, being as thick as a swan's quill and much contracted, as if succulent when fresh.
Leaves 2 in., very obtuse, quite white beneath, membranous, nerves few arche(i, cn^na-
tiires with subterminal cilia or none ; petiole ^-^ in., with a large scutellate gland at
the outer base, which is also present at an analogous position on the peduncle.
J^eduncles many, 5 in., erect or ascending, the upper fa^cicled (as if branched) ; raceme
terminal, 6-8-flowered ; bracts caducous ; pedicels stout, § in., fruiting ones spreading,
much thickened at the lip. Capsule U in., inclined, linear-clavate, glabrous. Seed^
sevtral, large, oblong, rugulose — Of this very singular species I have seen but one
n)Utilated lluwerless specimen ; it is wholly covered with a glaucous secretion of the
epidermis, very much as in Buhv« Hjiorus ; the loiig-pttioled leaves not narrowed into
the petiole, with coarse crenatures, resemble those of /. Nuli-metangere ; it is evi-
dently a tall much-branched plant.
[The following species has been published by Major Beddome in a number
of the Icones^ which did not reach England until after Part 11. had
appeared.]
33 his. X. Ballardi, Bedd. Ic. PI. hid. Or. 44, t. 192; slender, rooting
below, nearly glabrous, leaves alternate and opposite petioled ovate ser-
rate, base with glandular cilia, peduncles slender axillary and terminal
much exceeding the leaves, flowers subumbellate, sepals ovate-subulate,
standard orbicular concave, wings dimidiate-lanceolate acute spreading,
the lobes separated by a notcli only, lip boat-shaped with a very short
straight spur which is inflated in the middle and subulate at the tip.
Mountains of Tkavancor, near Permeede, at 2-3500 ft., Beddome.
A slender herb, 1-1 1 ft. Stein glabrous. Leaoes 1-2 in, nerves 3 or 4 on each side,
slightly hairy above, glabrous.^beneath ; petiole |-| in. Pedunclts 2-3^ in., snbgla-
brous, 5-8-fl"owerod ; pedicels slender, bracts minute. Floioer | in. long; standard
obscurely keeled, spur as long as the wings. Capsule ovoid, swollen, subg'abrous,
7_10-f^eedcd Seeds with weak hairs. — Description taken from Beddome's' characters
and plate quoted above, where it is stated that it is allied to I. Goughii, but has much
larger flowers and diflerently shaped petals.
DOUBTPUI. SPECIES.
T. SEMivERTiciLLATA, TuTCz. iuBull. SoG. Nttt. Mosc. 18G3, 1. 594. Annual, erect,
glabrous, branched ; leaves opposite and often 3-nately whorled, lower long petioled,
upper sessile, attenuate at both ends, repand crenate, with a bristle between the crena-
tures; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, as long as the leaf, lower solitary, upper fascicled ;
Impatiens.] xxxii. geraniace^, (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 483
spur exceeding the flower; capsule c^lindric, often incurved. — Nilghiri Mts., Perrotet,
n, 187.
I, CLAVicoRNU, Turcz. I.e. 1859, i. 271. The description will apply to any of the
long-spurred species of group A 1.
I. DEBiLis, Turcz. I.e. 1859, i. 271, may he /. tenella or any of its allies.
T. AssAMENsis, Grlf. Not. PL Asiat. iv. 459, t. 576, f. 1. It is impossible to say
what plant is meant here. The description answers best to I. stenantha in its habit,
very long peduncles, small flowers, and glabrous foliage, &c. ; but the figure cited is
that of a very robust and very pubescent plant (like /. scabrida), with an immense
flower, totally differing from the description in every respect. — Banks of the Burram-
poota in sandy places near Dibong Mookh, Grljjith.
I. MALAYENSis, Griff, l.c. 457, t. 576, f. 2. From the imperfect descnption this is
probably one of the forms of /. Balsainina. — Mergui, Griffith.
I. ? From Eamgunga in Kumaon, alt. 7200 ft., Strach. & Went. — Resembles /. Icun-
ff^ora, Edgew., but has very broad green sepals.
I. ? Baltal in Kashmir, T. Thomson; and Marri, Fleming. — Probably a form of
/. amphorata or /. hicornuta.
1. ? Marri, Meming. — Probably a form of laxijlora, but the leaves are sharply ser-
rate and buds larger.
I. ? Khagump, Griffith (? Khagumpa in Bhotan). — A suffruticose species with the
habit of /. Icevigata, but llowors twice as large, and the very large standard herbaceous
and crested ; wings app.iicntly rounded ; lip large, deeply boat-shaped ; spur stout,
clubbed at the tip.
i). HYDROCEXIA, Blume.
A glabrous erect iiiiirsh herb. Leaves narrow, alternate. Flowers in
short axillary l-2-llo\vered peduncles, irregular. Sepcds 5, coloured, im-
bricate; 2 outer lateral, flat; posticous one produced into a short liolluw
spur. Petals 5, the anticous oilter, very large, concave. Bisk-glands 0.
ISiamens 5, filaments short fiat ; anthers slightly cohering around the pistil.
Ovary 5-celled ; stigmas 5 sessile ; ovules 2-3 in each cell. Drupe baccate,
stone bony truncate 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds curved, corrugated,
albumen ; cotyledons plano-convex, thickish, radicle short superior. —
DiSTRiB. One tropical Asiatic species.
1. K. ti^iflora, . TT. (^ A. Prodn i. 140; H. f. dh T. in Jonrv. Linn.
iSoc.iv lott. H. ani^ustifolia^ Blavie Lijd. 2i\. Impatiens trifiora, Zz///^.
nC. Prodr. i'687 ; Wall Cat. 4756. I. ? 'natans, Willd. ; DC Frodr. 1. 687 ;
Boxb. Fl. I/id. i. 652; Wall. Cat. 4755. Tytonia natans, G. Don, Gen.
Si/st. i. 749 ; Bitrrn. Fl. Zeyl. t. 16 {inaccurate).
Throughout Bengat>,, the Eastern and Western Peninsula, Cevlon and Bikma, in
marshes. — Distrib. Java.
Annual. Stem, floating, fistular, flexuous, rooting at the nodes, often many yards
long; branches 1-2 ft., erect, 5-angled, as thick as the finger. Leaves J -5 in., linear-
lanceolate, serrate, sessile ; stipular glands 2. Peduncles short, usually 3-flowered ;
bracts oblong. Flowers 1 in. diiim., variegated red, white, and. yellow. Drupe sub-
globose, as large as a cherry, smooth, red, succulent.
112
484 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.)
Order XXXIII. RUTACE-ffi. (By J. D. Hooker.)
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, abounding in pellucid glands filled with
essential oil (except Feganum). Leaves opposite or alternate, simple or
compound, exstipulate. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles,
(racemed in Dictamnus)^ never spiked, usually bisexual and regular in the
li}dian species (except Dictamniis). Calijx of 4-5 small lobes or sepals.
Petals 4-5, hypogynous (in the Indian genera), valvate or imbricate. Stamens
4-5 or 8 or 10, rarely more {CUnis, ^Egh), or 6 {Boenninghausenia), fila-
ments usually free, hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled, opening inwards. Di-^k
■within the stamens, crenate or lobed, sometimes large or long. Ovary of 4-5
free or connate carpels ; styles as many, free or variously united, stigmas
terminal, entire or lobed ; ovules usually 2 in each cell. Fruit a capsule,
berry or drujie, or of 1-4 capsular cocci. Seeds usually solitary in the
cells, testa various, albumen fieshyorO ; embrj'o straight or curved, radicle
superior. — Distrib. Tropical and extratropical plants ; many are S. African
and Australian. Genera b3, and about (j5() species.
Tbibe I. KutesD. Herbs; rarely shrubby. Flowers hermaphrodite.
JjiA' thick. Ovary deeply 3-5-lobed ; styles basilar or ventral, free or
united ; cells 3- or more ovuled. Fruit capsular. Albumen fleshy ; embryo
usually curved.
* Flowers regular.
Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Ovary sessile 1. Wvta.
Petals 4. Stamens 6-8. Ovary pedicelled _'. ]><KNNiNr.iiALSEX!A.
Petals 4-5. Stamens 12-15 I'eganum.
** Flowers irregular.
4. DiCTAMNUH.
Tribe IT. Zanthoxyleee. Shrubs or trees. Flowers usually polyga-
mous. ]Ji!<k free, rarely 0. Ovary deeply 2-5-lobed ; styles basilar or
ventral, more or less free ; cells 2-ovuled. Fmiit-carpels cai).sular.
Leaves opposite. Stamens 4-5 5. Evodia.
Leaves opposite. Stamens 4, with 4 stamiuoiles opposite
the petals 6. TETRAcxoMrA.
Leaves opposite. Stamens 8 7. MKi.rccu'E.
Leaves alternate. Stamens 3-5 8. Zamhoxvlum.
Tribe III. Toddalieee. Shrubs or trees. i'yr/Zf;^^?-6' usually polygamous.
J)iA' free. Ovary entire ; style single ; cells 1-2-ovuied. Fruit syncarpous.
Seed albuminous ; cotyledons usually flat.
Stem usually prickly. Leaves compound. Petals and
stamens 2-5 each 9. Toddalia.
Stem unarmed. Leaves 1-3-foliolate. Petals 4. Stamens 8 lo. A« jmnychia.
Stem unarmed. Leaves simple. Petals and stamens 4-5 each H. S&immia.
Tribe IV. Aurantieee. Shnibs or trees. Flowers hermaphrodite. Pet(ds
and stamens free or connate. Cvar^/ entire ; style simple; cells 1-Qo -ovuled.
Ber^^y usually pulpy. Seed exalbuminous.
* Ovules solitary or twin in each cell.
Style very sh/%t, persistent . 12. Glvcosmih.
XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 485
Unaraaed. Leaves pinnate. Style jointed on the top of the »
ovary, deciduous.
Petals vaivate. Filaments linear-subulate. Cotyledons leafy,
crumpled > 13. Micromelu.m.
Petals imbricate. Filaments linear-subulate. Cotyledons
fleshy, plano-convex 14. Murraya.
Petals imbricate. Filaments dilated below. Cotyledons
fleshy, plano-convex 15. Clausena.
Armed (except some species of Limonia). Leaves 3-8-foliolate.
Calyx 3-lobed. Stamens 6 IG. Triphasia.
Calyx 4-5-lobed. Stamens 8 or 10 17. Limonia.
Calyx cupular. Stamens 8 or 10 16. Luvunoa.
Unarmed or armed. Leaves 1-foliolate.
Anthers linear-oblonc:. Disk elongate .19. Paramignya.
Anthers ovate or cordate. Disk cupular 20. Atalantia.
** Ovules many m each cell.
Stamens 20-60. Ovary Go-celled. Leaves 1-foliolate . .21. Citrus.
Stamens 10-12. Ovary incompletely 5-6-celled. Leaves
pinnate 22. Feronia.
Stamens 30-60. Ovary 8- co -celled. Leaves 3-foliolate . 23. ^GhE.
1. RVTA, Linn.
Strong-smelling herbs, sometimes shrubby below. Leaves alternate,
simple or compound. Flowers in terminal corymbs, cymes, or panicles,
greenish or yellow. Calyx short, 4-5-partite or -lobed, persistent.
Petals 4-5, concave, often toothed or ciliate, imbricate. . Stamens 8-1 0,
inserted round the base of a thick 8-10-glandular or pitted disk, the
alternate shorter. Ovary 3-5-lobed and -celled ; style central, basilar ;
ovules pendulous from the axis of the cells. Capsule 4-5-lobed, lobes
indehiscent, or dehiscing at the apex. Seeds angled, testa pitted, albumen
fleshy ; embryo slightly curved, cotyledons sometimes 2-partite, — Distrib.
About 40 species, chiefly Mediterranean and W. Asiatic.
SuBGEN, 1. Ruta proper. Flowers 4-merous. Petals usually toothed or
laciniate. Filaments glabrous. Ovules many. Leaves pinnate or de-
compound.
R. GEAVEOLENS, Linn.; var. angustifolia ; leaves petioled triangular-
ovate decompound, segments various, corymbs spreading, bracts lanceolate,
sepals triangular acute, petals ciliate, capsule obtuse shortly pedicelled.
R. angustifolia, Pars. ; W. <& A. Prodr. 146. R. chalepensis, WaLl.
C<d. 7ii;3.
Cultivated in Iniha. — Distrib. Westward to the Canaries.
One or more forms of the common Rue are cultivated in India, and hence introduced
into Botanical works. Wallich says of the plant described as R. angustifolia, Pars., by
W. & A., that it is from a Mr. Stevenson's garden at Tranquebar.
SuBGEN. 2. Kaploptylluzn. Flowers 5-meT0Ti&. Petals quitt enthe.
Filaments pilose. Ovules few or many. Leaves simple or 3-sect.
1. B.. tuberculata, Forsk. ; stem erect or ascending glabrous, branchlets
and inflorescence puberulous and glandular, leaves oblong linear-oblong or
somewhat spathulate pubescent. Boiss. Flor. Orient, i. 939.
Boogta hills in Sindh, Vicary. — Distrib. Westward to Egypt and Algeria.
Sttm terete, woody, branched, minutely glandular. Leaves pattered, J^-1 in,,
4S6 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ruta.
♦oriacenns, pnstnlar and pubescent, nerveless. Cymes dichotomously branched, divi-
sions pnbescent and glandular. Flov:erf( \ in. /diani., the centre one of each cyniule
sessile, the others shortly pedicelled. Sepals very short broad, obtuse. Petals fimbri-
ate. — Tlie specimens are not in a goQ<! state, but I believe them to be referable to this
species.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
RuTA (Haplophyllum), sp., Aitchison{Cat. Punjab and SindhPl. 30) from Pesliawur
{/Stewart) is undeterminable.
r
2. BCENNINGKAUSBNIA, Reichb.
A perennial-rooted herb. Leaves alternate, 2-pinnate, leaflets quite
entire. Flowers in compound terminal leafy pauiclecl cymes, white, pedicels
slender. Calyx 4-5-lobed, persistent. Petals 4-5, obovate-oblong, imbricate.
^<tamens 6-8, inserted at the base of an urceolate disk, filaments filiform, the
alternate shorter ; anthers oblong. Orar// long-stipitate,3-5-lobed, narrowed
beh)w, lobes 1-celled distant ; styles 3-5, ventral, connate, stigma simnle ;
ovules 6-8 in each cell, pendulous from the middle of the axis. J^ruit
of 6-8 free membranous ventrally dehiscing few-seeded carpels. Seeds
reniform, testa black granulate, albumen fleshy ; embryo arcuate.
1. B. albiflora, Reich, dmspect. 197. Ruta albiflora, Hook. Exot. Flor.
t. 79 ; Wall. Cat. 1203. R. japonica, !Suh.
Temperate Himalaya, from Marri to Sikkira, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt.
4-0000 ft.— DisTKin. Japan.
A slender erect branching perennial-rooted herb, 1-2 ft,, glabrous or somewhat
pubescent. Leaves 2-3 pinnate ; petiole slender; leaflets ^-J in., obovate or obcor-
date, glaucous beneath, membranous, th*- terminal largest, petioled. Cymes leafy, maiiy-
fiowcred. Flowers \-\ in. diam., inclined or nodding, pure white. Calyx very small.
Petals oblong, obtuse. Pedicel of ovary variable in length. Fruit \-^ in. diam.
»
3. PEGANUM, Linn.
Branching glabrous or pubescent perennial-rooted herbs. Lmves
alternate, entire or multifid, not glandular ; stipules setaceous. Flowet^s
solitary, in subterminal leaf-opposed peduncles, white. Sepals 4-5, often
foliaceous and pinnatifid, persistent. Petals 4-5, subequal, imbricate.
Stamens 12-15, inserted at the base of the disk, some anther-less ; filaments
dilated below ; anthers linear. Ovftrif globose, deeply 2-3-lobed ; styles
basal, twisted, 2s-3-keeled above, the keels stigmatose; ovules many in each
cell, inserted in the inner angle. Fruit globo.se, 3-4-celled, dry and
3-valved or fleshy and indehiscent, cells many-seeded. Seeds angled, testa
si>ongy, rough, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved. — Distkib. Species 4, natives
of the Mediterranean, W. Asia, and Mexico.
This genus is perhaps better placed in Zygophyllece.
1. P. Harmala, TAnn.; glabrous, stem dichotomously and corymbosely
branched, leaves multifid, segments linear acute, petals elliptic-oblong, fruit
capsular. Wall. Cat. 1204; Boiss. FL Orient, i. 917 ; W. d: A.Prodr. 146;
J)ah. d' Gibs. Bcmih. Fl. 45.
North- West India, from Sixinr, the Panjab, and the Kashmir plain to Delhi and
Agra; the Western Dbccan. — Distrib. Soongaria, Arabia, N. Africa, and westward
to Hungary and Spain.
A bush, 1-3 ft. high, much branched and densely foliiiged. Stem stout, flexuous.
Peganum.'] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 487
Leaves ^-3 in., gi'een, pinnatifidly cut into linear very narrow acute spreading lobes.
Flowers \-\ in. diani., solitary in the axils of the branches, sessile or pedicelled.
Culyxlohes very narrow, much exceeding the corolla, per.sistent. Capsule globose,
i^ in. diam., and less.
4. DICTABINUS, Linn.
A strong-smelling herb, shrubby below, clothed with pustular glands.
Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, serrulate. Flowers large, white or rose-Qoloured, in terminal
racemes, pedicels bracteate. Calyx 5-partite, deciduous. /*e^a/s 5, 4 upper
in pairs ascending, lower declinate. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of a
thick annular disk, filaments long slender somewhat thickened and very
glandular below the slender tip ; anthers subglobose. Ovary shortly
stipitate, deeply 5 lobed, S-celled, hispid ; style filiform, declinate, stigma
terminal ; ovules 3-4 in each cell, inserted on the ventral suture. Fruit of
5 compressed broad truncate long-beaked elastically 2-valved 2-3-seeded
hispid carftels; endocarp horny, separable. Seeds subglobose, testa thin
black shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons thick, radicle short.
1. Z>. albus, Linn. D. Fraxinella, Pers. ; DO. Prodr. i. 712 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, i, 920. D. himalayanus, Royle Lll. 156, t. 29.
Temperate Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kunawur (and according to
Koyle, Junnotie in Garwhal), alt. 6-8000 ft. — Distkib. Japan, Siberia, Dahuria, and
westward to France and Spain.
Stem stout but not woody, branched. Leaves 1 ft. and upwards ; petiole very stout,
angular, margined; leaflets 2-3^ in., sessile, dark green, base wedge-shaped, nerves
slender. Racemes 1 ft. and upwards, stout, strict, erect. Flowers 1^ in. Img, erect ;
pedicels 1-3 in., glandular, bracteate at the base and bracteolate usually above the
middle. Sepals small, lanceolate. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, glandular on the back.
Stamens equalling the petals. Capsule 1 in. diam.
5. EVODIA, Forst. ^J,
Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Leaves opposite, simple or 1-3-foliolate or
imparipinnate, quite entire. ' Flowers small, in panicled axillary cymes,
unisexual. Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Petals 4-5, sessile, valvate or slightly
imbricate. Stamens 4-5, inserted at the base of the disk, filaments subulate ;
anthers oblong. Ovary deejdy 4-lobed, 4-celled ; style basilar, stigma
4-lobed, ovules 2 in each cell, collateral or superposed. Fruit of 4 coriaceous
3-valved 1-seeded cocci, endocarp horny elastically separable 2-lobed.
Seeds oblong, testa bony or crustaceous shining, hilum linear, albumen
fleshy ; embryo straight, cotyledons ovate. — Distrtb. About 22 species,
natives of tropical Asia, the Pacific, the E, African Islands, and Australia.
* Leaves ^-foliolate.
1. E. Roxburghiana, Benth. Fl. Hongh. 59 ; leaves quite glabrous
throughout, cymes very broad bracteate finely pubescent, flowers densely
crowded, filaments glabrous, ovary densely pubescent. E. triphylla, Bedd.
Flor. Sylvat ; Anal. Gen. xli. t. vi. f. 2. E. Marambong, Miquel Ann. Mus.
Bot. iii. 244. ' Fagara triphylla, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 416 (? of Linn).
F. Lunur-ankenda, Gmrtn. Carjx i. 334, t. 68, f. 9. Xanthoxylon triphylluni,
M^ight Ic. t. 204; ///. i. 169; Grali. Cat. Bomb. PI. 36; Lalz. d' Gibs.
Bomb. Flor. 45. X. Koxburghianum, Cham, in Linnoia v. 68. X. zey-
lanicum, DC. Prodr. i, 728. X. nilagiricum, Miquel Herb. Uolmmck.
488 xxxiii. RUTACE.E. (J. D. Hooker.) \Ecodia.
X. Marambong, Miq. Fl. hid. Bed. SuppL 533. Schmidelia integerrima,
Wall. Cat. 8065.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., H. f. & T. Throughout the Mountains of the Western
Peninsula ; in the Eastern Peninsula, from Tenasserim to Malaya and Penang, &c.,
Ceylon. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.
A small tree with soft wood ; branches opposite. Leaves usually large, spreading ;
petiole 2-5 in. terete; leaflets 2-5 in., very shortly petioled, obovate, oblong or oblanceo-
late, tip rounded or acuminate or apiculate, nerves almost horizontal very slender not at
all prominent, costa perfectly glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes very variable, length
and breadth of peduncle, more or less finely pubescent ; branches opposite and alter-
nate, bracts minute. Flowers usually densely crowded, Vu-g ^^- diam., yellow-green,
very shortly pedicelled. Calyx minute. Pttah slightly imbricate. Capsules usually
2, about the size of a pepper-corn, coriaceous, rugose. Seed splendent, blue-black.
There is some doubt as to the name which this species should bear, consequent upon
the obscurity of Eoodia triphylla, IX^),, founded on the Philippine I^lands Fagara
triphylla of Lamk. {Fvodia Lamarckiana, Benth. Flor. Hongk. 59). Lamarck (Diet.
ii. 447) identifies his Philippine Isld. plant with Riimph's Ampacus amjustifoUus
(Herb. Arab. ii. 88, t, 62), with which also Bentham's Hongkong specimens agree.
Roxburgh, on the other hand, identifies a Penang plant, cultivated in the Calcutta
Gardens, with Ruraph's Ampacus avgustifolius, and describes its capsules as the size
of a field-bean. 1 nis character of capsule does not agree with any Indian species
known to me. Roxburgh's characters agree in all but this, with a common Malay
plant. As Wight refers an identical Nilghiri plant to Roxburgh's, I have preferred to
retain for it the name Boxhurghiana, given to it by Chamisso, to distinguish it from the
true triiAyVa of Lamarck, which has very small few-flowered cymes and smaller cap-
sules. Bentham (I.e.) observes that Lamarck's plant is a native of India, and quotes
Wight's Icones ; but this is a mistake, for Wight's figure represents a poor specimen of
this, which is a common Nilghiri plant. Wight gives Jussieu as the authority for
X. trijihylium, both in his " Icones" and "Illustrations;" but this is an error. Wal-
lich's /Schmidelia integerrima is clearly a very large-leaved form from Penang ; it has
neither flower nor fruit; the terminal leaflet is 12 by 5 in.
2. S. triphylla, DC. Prodr. i. 724 ; leaves quite glabrous, nerves
slender, cymes small hardly bracteate, branches and pedicels very slender
finely pubescent, filaments glabrous, ovary hairy. E. Lanmrckiana, Benth.
Fl. Hongk. 59. E. gracilis, Kurz in Jo urn. As. !Soc. Beng. 1»71, ii. 48.
Fagara trijdjylla, Lavik. Diet. ii. 447. Xanthoxylum Lamarckianum, Cluini.
in Linncta v. 58. X. pteleaefolium, Champ, in Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 330.
Lepta triphylla, Lour. Fl. Cochtn. 82.
Tenasserim, at Moolmein, alt. 6000 ft.. Parish; north of Moulmein, Heifer; Birma,
Brandis. — Distkib. Philippine Islds., Japan, China, Borneo.
This, though a very distinct-looking plant from E. lioxhurghiana, is not easily cha-
racterized, except by comparison. It is smaller, more slender, with shortly- peduncled
cvraes, 1-3 in. long, hairy, more slender branches and pedicels, the flowers are smaller
and paler, and the capsules much smaller, about \ in. diam. The Tenasserim speci-
mens^ have elliptic-lanceolate leaves, but in other countries they vary from obovate to
elliptic-lanceolate. As in E. JRoxhurghiana the costa above is perfectly glabrous.
3. E. robusta, Hook.f. ; leaflets elliptic obtuse or obtusely-acuminate
shining, nerves very prominent beneath, costa glabrous above puberulous
beneath, cymes broad brachiate their branches very robust.
Penang, P/t ///?)>« ; Sincapoue, Maivgay (278 Kew Distrib).
A much mure robust plant than E. triphylla. Branchlets compressed, as thick as a
swan's quill, hoary. Petiole 4 in., terete, as thick as a ciow-quill; leaflets 6-8 in.,
lenninal subobovate, lateral elliptic, coriaceous, midrib and arching nerves very strong
indeed. Cymes 5 in. diam. and upwards. Flowers and fruit as in Hoxburghiana, of
which this may be a variety ; but it differs remarkably from the Sincapore and Malacca
Ecodia.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 489
specimens of that plant, and is the only trifoliolate species known to me with shining
upper surfaces to the leaves. — This differs from Miquel's description of the Sumatran
Zanthoxylon Eunturon (Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 532) in its glabrous capsules, in the
leaves not pale and silvery beneath, and in the fruiting cyme not being pyramidal.
4. E. latifolla, DC. Prodr. i. 724; branchlets petioles leaves beneath
and midrib above tomentose, leaflets large, nerves strong, cymes pubescent
and brachiate or pyramidal, capsules glabrous, Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i.
pt. 2, 672; Ann. Mm. Bot. iii. 244. Zantlioxylum Rumphianum, Cham,
in Linnwa v. 58.
Malacca, Griffith; {Kew Distrib. 1176) ; Maingay {Kew Distrih. 111). — Distrib.
Malayan Archipelago.
BrancldeU as thick as the little finger, obtusely 4-angled. Petiole 4r-6 in., as thick
as a goosequill or less; leaflets 6-10 in, broad, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous
above exer^^pt the costa, finely pubescent beneath. Cymes more pyramidal than in
/. Boxhurghiana ; flowers and capsules quite the same.
Vak. ? branches more slender, leaves more membranous puberulous on the costa
^bove and nerves beneath only not on either surface. — Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
This resembles Miquel's description and plate of E. accedens (Ann. Miis. Bot. iii. 242,
t. 6), except in the much smaller flowers, which wholly resemble those of E. kitifolia.
5. S. g>labra, Blume Bijd. 245 ; glabrous, leaflets large 5-7 in. dark
green above paler beneath with very strong nerves, cymes large brachiate
glabrous. Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, o72 ; Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 243.
Penang, Phillips. — Distrib. Java.
This closely resembles ^. robusta, but the leaflets are not shining above, are of a
dark green colour when dry, and are sometimes suddenly acuminate. My specimens,
which arc in 6 flower only, have branchlets as thick as the little finger and pyramidal
bracteate densely-flowered cymes ; they precisely resemble a flowerless specimen of E.
glabra from the Leyden Herbarium, which is, I presume, authentic, though the leaflets
are abruptly acuminate, which ia contrary to Miquel's description.
** Leaves 1- rarely 3-foliolate.
6. E. viticina, Wall. Cat. 1219 ; quite glabrous, leaves 1-3-foliolate,
petiole acutely margined, leaflets lanceolate acuminate, cymes small usually
shorter than the petiole few-flowered. Kicrz in Journ. As. ISoc. Beng. 1873,
ii. 64.
Tenasserim ; at Tavoy, Gomez, Heifer.
Branches slender, alternate, 2-edged, and whole plant dull green when dried. Petiole
4-1 4 in., with 2 acute edges bounding a median groove in front; leaflets Ig-^g in., pale
beneath ; nerves very slender, horizontal. Cymes 6-10-flowered, erect, almost glabrous ;
peduncle glabrous, angled. Flowers minute, fascicled, 4-merous ; pedicel very short,
slender. Fruit ^ in. diam., of 4 nearly smooth rather compressed carpels.
7. E. pedunculosa, Hook. f. ; leaves 1-foliolate, petiole ^-cylindric,
leaflet obovate abruptly narrowed at the obtuse point quite glabrous, cymes
trichotomous pubescent terminating long slender peduncles.
Singapore, Lobb.
I have seen but one specimen of this very distinct plant. Branches smooth, cylin-
dric, glabrous. Leaves 4-5 in. ; petiole rather stout, ^-1 in., edges acute, not thickened
at the top ; leaflet coriaceous, quite entire, cuneate at the base, copiously minutely punc-
tate, costa stout, nerves many slender spreading. Peduncles in opposite axils, stout,
1-4 in., pubescent towards the top where they branch into small trichotomous pubes-
cent cymes. Flowers (<5 buds only) .shortly pedicelled, bracts minute, buds -^^ in.
diam. Sepals rounded, acute. Petals broad-ovate, acute, valvate, glabrous. Stamens
4, filaments short ; anthers broad, acute. Bisk tumid. Ovaries 4, imperfect, immersed
in the disk.
490 XXXIII. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Evodia.
*** Leaves pinnate.
8. E. fraxinlfolia, Ilool-.f. ; leaves quite glabrous throughout, leaflets
3-5-pairs, cymes broad brachiate pubescent, brandies st(»ut, flowers
4-5-merous, fruit glabrous. Tetradium trichotomum, Lour. Fl. Cock. 91 ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 88. Ehus fraxinifoliuni, Don Prodr. -248. Philasoniafraxini-
folia, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 710 ; Wall. Cat. 8521 ? P. sarabuciua, Blame Bijd. 250.
P. procera, DC. Prodr. ii. 90.
Subtropical Himalaya from Nipal to Sikkira, alt. 4-7000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt.
3-5000 ft.— DisTRiB. Java? Cochinchina.
A Kniall much branched densely leafy tree, smelling strongly of Caraway when
braised. BranchleU thick, terete. Leaves 8-12 in., spreading, bright green ; petiole
cylindric; leaflets 4-9 in., shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
straight or falcate, quite entire or crenulate, base rounded often oblique, nerves spread-
ing, slender, terminal leaflet often long- petioled. Ct/mes on short stout compressed pe-
duncles, axillary and terminal, clothed with fine close-set pubescence ; bracts minute.
Flowers shortly pedicelled, white, 6 nearly ^ in. diam. Sepals small,- obtuse. Petals
imbricate, pubescent within. Stamens exceeding the petals, filaments somewhat hairy;
anthers broad. Ovari/ glabrous; style short, stigma capitate. Fruit 4 in. diam., red;
carpels not separating to the base, very coriaceous. tSt^ed broadly elliptic, slightlv
compressed ; testa dark brown, shining. — I can hardly doubt this being the Phila(]nma
sambucbia of IMume (P. procera, DC, published in the same year) ; but having seen no
Java specimen I retain the name of fraxiiiifolia. It is the plant alluded to under
Fvodia in the " Genera Plantarura" as F. Jioxhurghiana.
9. S. meliaefolla, Benth. Fl. Ifonqk. 58; petioles pilose, leaflets
3-5 pairs glabrous, cymes broad brachiate pilose-pubescent, branches
very slender, flowers 4-5-meruus. E. glauca, Mi(ji. Ann. Mm. Bot. iii. 23.
Boyniia glabrifolia. Champ, in. Hook. luw Joiini. Bot. iii. 330. Megabotrya
nieliaefolia, Han<x in Walp. Ann. il 259.
Ai^XM, Masters {in Herh. Griffith).
A much more slender plant tban E. fraxinifolia, with spreading soft hairs on the
rachis of the leaf and on the more slenler partial petioles, very slender spreading
branches of the cyme, which is 8 inches broad, fewer sparser flowers, the S \ in. diam.,
shorter more slender filaments, and more oblona; anthers. The leaflets are 3-4 in.,
more oblique at the base, and usually more acuiuinate.
10. E. rutSBcarpa, Hook./, d- Thorm. Herb. Ind. Or. ; clothed through-
out with soft velvety pubescence, cymes brachiate, branches very stout,
fruit pustular. Boymia ruttecarpa, J ass. according to Sieb. d' Zucc. Fl.
Japon. i. 50, t. 21.
Inner valleys of the Temperate region of the Sikkim Hlmalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft.,
/./>.Zr.—lJisTRiB. Japan.
A small densely-foliaged green tree, inodorous. Leave* 1-1 1 ft.; petiole terete,
stout ; leaflets about 5 pair, subsessile, oblong-acute, usually rounded and oblique at the
base, margin quite entire, under surface woolly, nerves faint. Cymes 3-4 in. diam.,
terminal ; peduncles very short stout and as well as the pedicels and calyx tomentose.
Floicer about ^ in. (Hum. Petals nearly glabrous externally, pubescent within. Stamens
not much exceeding the petals, filaments hairy ; anthers very large, ovate, 2-lobed at
the base. Fruit 4 in diam. ; carpels 4, opening at the apex.
6. TETRACTOMXA, Hook. f.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled, 1-foliolate, coriaceous, quite
entire, punctate. Flowers small, in axillary branched cymes. Calyx
small, 4-partite. Petals 4, triangular-ovate, acute, persistent, valvate.
Tetractomia.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 491
Disk broad, glandular, flattish or pulvinate, obtusely 4-angled. Sfamens 8,
4 perfect alternate with the petals, 4 smaller with imperfect anthers (or 0)
opposite the petals and partially adnate to them at the base ; filaments
subulate, flattened at the base; anthers 2-lobed, dorsifixed. Ovar//
immersed in the centre of the disk, 4-celled, with 4 free projecting lobes ;
styles 4, free at the base, connate above, stigma capitate obscurely 4-lobed ;
ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Fruit of 4 coriaceous laterally compressed
oblong 2-seeded carpels, splitting ventrally, the horny endocarp partially
separating. iSeeds inserted towards the base of the carpels (nucleus small
with a large oblong obtuse membranous wing, embryo unknown). — Distrib.
Three species, natives of the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo.
A very singular genus, which I find in no Indian Herbarium but Maingay's, who
gathered both species in 1867-8, and describes H. majus in his Mss, as a Diosmea,
no doubt because of the starainodes, and the leaves as alternate, in which he is cer-
tainly mistaken. One of these two is, however, the Melicope tetrandra of Roxburgh,
from Penang. It is nearly allied to Euodia, differing in the staminodes, valvate petals
and seeds. A third species {H. Beccarii, Hook, f.) from Borneo was discovered by Dr.
Beccari at Sarawak (No. 1880), it has obovate leaves and small trichotomous glabrous
cymes. I have described the seeds as I foimd them in H. majus (which are imper-
fect), but Roxburgh describes them in his Melicope tetrandra as oblong and immersed
in a yellow fleshy aril. I have no seeds of this species, but the structure of the capsule
is precisely as in H. majus,
1. T. majus, Hook. f. ; leaflets 8 in. obovate rounded at the tip, cymes
glabrous or nearly so.
Malacca, Maingay {Kew clistrib. 290).
A tree ; branchlets stout, woody, as thick as the finger, covered with rough brown
bark. Leaves apparently crowded on the branchlets ; petiole 2-2^ in., stout, terete,
slightly swollen at the base and apex ; leaflets very coriaceous, quite entire, narrowed
at the base, pale when dry with obscure darker spots, nerves numerous slender spread-
ing, smooth above, beneath with minute prominent gland-dots crowned with micros-
copic hairs ; nervules reticulate, obscure, most visible on the upper surface [Maingay).
Cymes 4-6 in. diam., opposite, glabrous or minutely pubescent, branches stout spread-
ing alternate, branchlets opposite; bracts minute, persistent. Flowers \ in. diam.,
pedicel led, ebracteolate, glabrous. Filaments exceeding the petals and style. liiTpe
carpels unequally J in. long, obtusely keeled at the back. Seeds nearly as long as
the carpel ; nucleus basal, oblique, very much smaller than the oblong wing.
2. T. Roxburg-hii, Hook. f. ; leaflets 3-5 in. elliptic or cuneate-obovate
obtusely acuminate, cymes pubescent. Melicope tetrandra, Roxh. Fl.
hid. ii. 257.
Penang, Roxh. ; Singapore, Maingay {Kew distrih. 278, 2).
Differs, from H. majus conspicuously in size, the branchlets not being thicker than a
goose-quill, and the flowers \ in. diam., and ripe carpels \ in. long. In texture and
nervation the leaflets are identical ; the cymes of this are laxly clothed with a furfura-
ceous pubescence.
7. MBZiXCOFE, Forst.
Shrubs. Leaves opposite (in the Indian species) 1-3-foliolate, pellucid-
punctate. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or panicles. Calyx 4-l{)bed or
4-partite. Petals 4, sessile, spreading, valvate or imbricate. Disk large,
entire or 8-lobed or obsolete. Stamens 8, inserted at the base of the disk,
those opposite the petals shorter, filaments subulate or flattened ; anthers
oblong or cordate. Ovary 4-celled, deeply 4-lobed ; style basilar or styles 4,
subterminal, more or less combined, stigma capitate 4-lobed; ovules 2 in each
493 XXXIII. RUTACEJE. (J. B. Hooker.) [Mclicope.
cell, collateral or superposed. Fruit of 4 free spreading coriaceous carpels
dehiscing on the inner face ; endocarp more or less separating. ^'Seeds
oblong, funicle sometimes elongate, testa black brittle shining, albumen
fleshy and oily ; embryo with large oblong cotyledons and a short superior
radicle. — Distkib, Chiefly Polynesian ; species about 15.
1. M. indica, Wight Ic. t. 1051; glabrous, leaves 1-foliolate, leaflets
elliptic or obovate acute, flowers 3-5 terminating long slender decurved
peduncles. Bedd. Flor. 6ylvat. Anal. Gen. xl. t. vi. f. i.
NiLGHini Mrs., in woods near the Avalanches, Wujkt, Gardner.
A shrub or small tree ; branches slender. Leaven glabrous ; petiole 4-14 in-) terete ;
leaflet 3-4 in,, glabrous, shining, narrowed towards the base, nerves very slender.
Peduncles 2-4 in., slender, often 3-flowered. Flowers ^ in. diani., on short stout pubes-
cent pedicels. Calyx divided nearly to the base into 4 orbicular coriaceous obtuse lobes.
Pttah valvate, ovate, acute, glabrous, thick, longer than the stamens. Disk obsolete.
(hmrv-lohes villous, fi-ee at the apex ; styles free below ; ovules subcollateraL liipe
carpels 4, ^ in. long, turgid, apiculate, 1-seeded, veined. Seed oblong.
2. m. ? Kelferl, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves 1-foliolate, petiole
short stout, leaflet obovate-lanceolate obtuse, panicle rather longer than th.e
petiole few-flowered, petals valvate.
Tenasserim or Andaman Isld.s., Heifer.
Dioecious ? Branches rather stout, bark wrinkled ; whole plant yellowish when dried.
Petiole \-\ in., not acutely margined; leaflet 4-8 in., membranous, nerves horizontal,
very slender. Cymes 1-3 in., panicled, suberect ; peduncle rather stout, quite glabrous ;
branches |-i in,, few. Flowers {i) small, fascicled ; pedicels short, stout. Petals val-
vate, longer than the stamens. Dish 8-lobcd. Fruit not seen,
8. ZAXTTKOXVIiUBK, Linn.
Shrubs or trees, often armed with stout prickles. Leaves alternate,
3-foliolate or unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite or aJteruate, entire or
crenate, often oblique, punctate. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal
peduncled broad or narrow cymes, white, pink, or greenish, often unisexual.
Calyx 3-8-fid, rarely 0. Petals 3-5, rarely 0, imbricate or induplicate-
valvate. Disk small or obscure. Stamens 3-5, hypogynous or reduced to
scales in the $. Ovary rudimentary in the (^, in the ? of 1-5 oblique
1-celled carpels ; styles sublateral, free or connate above, stigma capitate ;
ovules 2 in each cell, usually collateral Fruit of 1-5 globose coriaceous or
fleshy 1-seeded carpels, dehiscing ventrally, endocarp horny, separating or
not. Seed oblong and compressed or globose, often hanging out of the
carpel, hilum broad, testa bony or crustaceous blue or black shining,
albumen fleshy; embryo axile, straight or curved, cotyledons flat, radicle
very .short. — Distrib. About 80 species, all tropical and subtropical.
Sect. 1. Cymes axillary, or axillary and terminal ; branches alternate.
* Leaves 3-foliolate^ petiole not winged, Jlowers polyjietalous.
1. Z. ovalifolium, Wt. III. i. 169; quite glabrous, unarmed or with
short straight prickles, leaflets elliptic-oblong or obovate crenulate tip
obtuse emarginate. Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Aiud. Gen. xlii. t. vi. f. 3 ; Wall.
Cat. 7469. Z. lucidum. Wall. Cat. 1212. Toddalia mitis, Miq. in Herb.
Holienack. 466. Limonia leptostachya, Jack according tx> Herb. GriffiOi.
Westekn Peninsula, in Canara, Kurg and the Nilghiri Mts., and pear Madras;
KiiAsiA Mts. ; Assam and Mishmi Mts. ; Singapore, Wallich.
Zanthoxylum.] xxxiii. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 493
A shrub? Leaflets 3-4 in., coriaceous, subsessile, petioles not armed. Cymes in
slender panicles, quite glabrous. Flowers \-^\n. diam,, 4-5-merous. Pelals vaXviWo.
B'lpe carpels solitary, the size of a pea, smooth. — Wight makes 2 species of this, which
1 cannot distinguish except as varieties. The Khasian and Assam specimens have
rather loiiger leaves than the Madras ones.
Var. 1. ovalifdliUm ; unarmed. Z. ovalifolium, Wight, I.e.
Var. 2. sepiarium; armed with short straight prickles. Z. sepiarium, Wt. 111.
i. 169.
** Leaves 5-oo- foliolate, petiole winged, Jlowers apetcdous, wood with a
broad septate pith.
2. Z. alatuxn, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 768; leaflets 2-6 pairs lanceolate
glabrous beneath, petiole and rachis usually broadly winged, nerves very
indistinct, flowers in sparse panicles 2-6 inches long glabrous or pubescent.
Wall. Cat. 1209 in part ; Bramlis For. Flor. 47; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Anal.
Gen. xlii, Z. hostile, Wail. Cat. 1210, in part.
Hot valleys of the Subtropical Himalaya, ascending to 6000 ft. from Jamu to
Bhotan ; Khasia Mts., alt. 2-3000 ft.
A shrub or small tree, with dense foliage and pungent aromatic taste and smell ;
prickles often vertically flattened on the trunk and branches, the older with a corky
base. Leaves 1^-9 in. (in Khasia specimen) ; petiole glabrous, narrowly winged, with
2 stipular prickles at the base ; leaflets |-4 in., narrow, usually elliptic-lanceolaie, rarely
ovate, obtusely acuminate. Panicles loose, sparingly branched. Flowers l-\ in.
diam. Calyx 6-8-lobed, lobes subacute. Stamens 6-8. Pipe carpels ^-i in. diam.,
usually .soHtary, laxly panicled, broadly ovoid, pale red, tubercled. — Young leaflets have
often the costa prickly beneath, and usually few lar^e scattered glands. The wood is
hard and used for tooth cleaning, and the carpels as a condiment.
3. Z. acanthopodium, DC. Prodr. ii. 727; branclilets glabrous or
tomentose, leaflets 2-6-pairs lanceolate, nerves distinct glabrous or more or
less pubescent beneath, petiole and rachis narrowly winged, cymes very short
dense ^-1 in. long pubescent. Z. hostile, Wall, Cat. 1210, and Z. alatuui,
Wall. Cat. 1209, in part.
Hot valleys of the Subtropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, ascending to
7000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft.
Very similar indeed to Z.alalum, and possibly a variety of that plant, but the leaflets
have never the large scattered glands, and are o!ten very pubescent beneath, the nervp.s
are much stronger, and the infloiescence is remarkably different, the ripe carpels (^ in.
diam.) forming dense sessile and almost globose clusters on the branches below the
leaves. — The Z.'planispinum, Sieb. and Zucc, of Japan, is probably another variety,
with fewer glabrous leaflets, taint nerves, and glabrous inflorescence ; it is intermediate
between this and Z. alatum, to which it is mo.st nearly allied, but wants the larijc
glands. Wallich in his catalogue quotes Z. acanthopodium, DC, as, a synonym Of
Z. alatum, Roxb., and the ticket is attached to a specimen with very short cymes and
crowded points, and with leaves pubescent beneatli. I therefore retain De CandoUe's
name for this plant, which is quite distinct from Roxburgh's Z. alatum.
Var. Timhor ; branches clothed with dense rusty (when dry) toraentum. Z. PTinibor,
Wall. Cai. 7116.— Chainpur hills, Hamilton (? Chayanpoor hills in Behar, 40 mik-s
S.E. of Benares).
*** Leaves 5~ cc -foliolate, 2^^tiole not ivinged, Jlowers 2^olypetalom.
4. Z. tomentellum, Hook. f. ; sparingly prickly, branches petioles
and cymes velvety, leaflets alternate 6-8 pairs quite entire velvety beneath,
cymes axillary.
Eastern Subtropical Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, at Choongtam, alt.
5000 ft., /. D. H.
494 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. Di Hooker.) [Ziuithoxyhim.
A small erect tree, 30 ft., with horizontal branches ; branchlets terete, stout, woo<ly :
prickles scattered, short, rectii-ved. Leaves 8-12 in. ; petiole terete, with scattered
hooked prickles on the under-side ; leaflets 2-3 in., shortly petioled, oblong or elliptic,
subacute or obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, glos^' above, base subequal, nerves dis-
tinct. Cymen 2-4 in., sparingly branched, denHely velvety, branches few short and
rachis stout ; bracts and bracteoles caducous. i'7oy;er» (9 only seen) small, clustered ;
, about I in. diara. JSepaU 4, pubescent. Petals glabrous. Carpds 4, glabrous.
Carpels (hardly ripe) ^ in. long, 4, compressed, beaked.
5. Z. oxyphyllum, Edgeiv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 42; glabrous,
prickles hooked, leaflets alternate and opposite 3-10 pairs, young crenate,
cymes terminal and axillary quite glabrous or slightly pubescent, flowers
large. — Zanthoxylon violaceum, Wall. Cat. 1213.
Tkmpekate and subtropical Himalaya, from Garwhal, alt. 4-8000 ft., to Sikkim,,
alt. 6-9U00 ft., and Bhotan ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft.
A shrub, clothed with hooked prickles. Leaves very variable in size, 4-12 in. ;
petiole arched, usually very prickly along the back ; leaflets in young specimens ovate-
lanceolate, very long-acuminate, crenate-serrate, pale, nerves very distinct beneath, in
older ones more elliptic or oblong, 2-2.^ in. long in Kumaon specimens, upwards of 4 in.
in some Sikkim ones, coriaceous, shining above. (}yiiiej<. muth branched many-
flowered. Floivers the largest of the Indian species, \-k in. diam., umbellate, on the
branches of the cyme ; pedicels slender, longer than the petals. Sepals 4, small,
obtuse. Petals 4, obtuse, imbricate Itipe carpels 2-4, the size of a pea, tubercled,
hardly beaked. Seed black.
6. Z. khasianum, Hook.f. ; branches petioles and inflorescence pubes-
cent, leaflets 8-10 pairs alternate rarely opposite small ovate with an
obliquely curved narrowed obtuse apex quite glabrous, cymes axillary and
terminal.
Khasia Mts. ; at Myrung, alt. 4-6000 ft., /. D. E. & T.T.
A small very fragrant climbing strangling bush. Branches very slender, sparingly
pritkly. Leaves 1 ft. long, arched ; petiole more or less pubescent, usually copioubly
prickly undermath ; leaflets 1-1| in., straight or oblique, coriaceous, shining above,
lully ^ of the blade usually occtipied by the contracted apex ; partial petioles ^^"4 >"•
Cymes (9 only seen) 2 in., panicled, spreading, very pubescent. Bipe carpels 1-3, about
I- in. di;im., globose, not beaked. Seeds globose, black. — I have not ventured to unite
this with the \ery similar Chinese Z. cuspidatum. Champ, {in Keiv Journ. Lot. iii. 329),
though this agrees entirely in habit, the curious i'orm of the alternate petioled small
Ifaflets, and in the paniculate cyme and fruit ; it differs in being very pubescent on the
branches petiole and rachis of the leaf and cyme, and in the small less coriaceous and
less shining leaves, that do not blacken in drying.
7. Z. Kamiltonianum, Wall. Cat, 7117 ; prickles few short, branches
/ind petioles glabrous or more or less pubescent or velvety, leaflets
4-7 in., 2-3 pairs, opposite glossy oblong not sinuate, cymes axillary tomen-
tose or glabrous.
Assam, Jenkins; Sudyah and Birma, Griffith; Borylaii, Hamiiton (Feb. 1809).
Probably a large scandent shrub ; branches stout, woody, prickles crooked. I^eaves
6-8 in.; petiole terete, stout, very prickly ; leaflets subsessile, suddenly narrowed into
a broad notched apex, base rounded, glossy on both surfaces, glabrous or pubescent
beneath, with many subparallel prominent arching nerves. Cymes 3-4 in., panicled,
very slender. Flowers yV in- diam., shortly pedicelled. Petals 4-5, valvate or slightly
imbricate. — Perhaps a form of Z tetraspermum.
Var. tomentosum; branches, petioles, and inflorescence very tomentose. — Assam,
Jenkhis.
8. Z. tetraspermum, W. <£- A. ProcZr. 148; very prickly, glabrous
except the velvety cymes, leaflets 3-5 in. opposite 2-3 pairs large elliptic or
Zanthoxylim.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 495
oblong very glossy coriaceous many-nerved margin waved and sinuate-
toothed, cymes axillary and terminal. Thwaites Enum. 69 : Beddome Flor.
Syhat. Anal. Gen. xlii.
Western Peninsula ; Kiirg and the Nilghiri Mts., Ceylon, alt. 3-5000 ft,, Waller.
A stout climbing sli rub; prickles short, hooked. Leaves 4-7 \n., glabrous; petii-le
stout, straight, very prickly ; leaflets subsessile, suddenly contracted to a rather long
obtuse notched lip, shining above and sinuate-toothed, especially in the Ceylon spe-
cimens, coriaceous, nerves numerous spreading. Panicles 2-3 in., axillary and ter-
minal, short, or rather large and spreading, when terminal densely tomentose, branches
alternate. Flowers small, jV~s i"- diam. Petals 4, acute, valvate. Pipe carpels
2-4, \ in. diam., globose. — Ceylon specimens have the brilliantly glossy leaves almost
black when dry and far more sinuate-toothed than the Kurg ones, which show a passage
to Z. Hamiltonianum, which has a very similar tip to the leaf.
Sect. 2. Cyrnes terminal ; branches opposite. Flowers polypetalous.
Leaves 5-3o -foliolate ; petiole not winged. Wood with a broad septate pith.
\ 9. Z. Rhetsa, DC. Prodr. i. 728 ; armed except the petioles and rarely
the cymes with short prickles, leaflets 8-20 pairs very oblique quite entire
glabrous, cymes terminal very large glabrous. W. & A. Prodr. 148 ; Grah.
Cat. Bomb. PI. 36 ; Dalz. (t Gihs. Bo7nb. Fl 45 ; Thwaites Enum. 69 ; Bedd..
F'hr. St/lvat. Anal. Gen. xli. Z. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1218. Fagara Rhetsa,
Roxh. FL Ind. i. 417. ? F. Budrunga, Iloxb. Fl. Ind. i. 417, not of Wallick.—
Rheede Hort. Mai. v. t. 34.
Western Peninsula, from Coromandel and the Concan southward; Tavoy, Gomez.
A tree with corky bark and spreading leafy branches, prickles stiaidit or incurved,
the old ones with a solid conic base. Leaves \-\\ It., cluistered at the ends of the
branches, equally or unequally pinnate; petiole unarmed; leaflets opposite, 3-5 in.,
with short partial petioles, recurved, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, caudate-acuminate,
upper base rounded, lower very narrow and ending in the costa, nerves 10-12 on the
upper half, 2 fewer on the lower. Cymes sometimes lift, broad; branches opposite,
angled ; bracts minute, caducous. Flowers ^ in. diam., yellow, 4-merou8. Petals
valvate. Ovary glabrous. Ripe carpels solitary, the size of a pea, tubercled. Seed
snbglobose, blue-black. — The unripe carpels taste of orange-peel, the seeds like black
pt^pper. — Thwaites introduces this into his Enumeratio, but says, in Herb, that he
knovk's of but one tree, and that is in a garden.
10. Z. Budrung'a, Wall. Cat, 1211 ; ]of DC. Prodr. i. 728; armed with
short incurved prickles, leaflets 5-10 pairs glabrous broadly crenate with^
large glands in the sinus, base very oblique, cymes terminal very large
glabrous. Z. crenatum, Wall. Cat. 1216. 1 Fagara Budrunga, Roxh. Fl.
Ind. i. 4] 7.
Tropical Himalaya, Kumaon, Blinkworth {in Herb. Wallich) ; Forests of Silhet,
the Khasia Mts., Chittagoxg, and Martaban.
Apparently a tree, easily recognised by the large glands at the crenatures of the leaf-
lets. — I am not satisfied as to the name this plant should bear ; the description is
founded on Wallich's specimens from the Calcutta Garden, named iT. Budnivga, Eoxb ,
and which should therefore be authentic, and which perfectly agree with those from
Silhet, &c. ; but Roxburgh describes in his " Flora Indica" (and figures in his drawings)
the leafli'ts as few, narrow, and quite entire ; and neither he nor Wallich (in Carey's
edition of the " Flora Indica") makes allusion to the crenatures and glands. I find no
plant corresponding to either Roxburgh's Fagara Rhetsa or F. Budrunga in any Silhet,
Assam, or Bengal collection, and except in the fewer leaflets there is no differential cha-
racter given by Roxburgh between these two supposed species, though in his drawings
he figures the flowers of Budruvga as small, white, with stamens larger than the petals
(probably a sexual character) ; and those of Bhetsa as larger, yellowivsh, with stamens
shorter than the petals. On the oiher hand, there are plenty of Western Peninsula
496 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J, D. Hooker.) [Zanthoxylum.
and Ceylon specimens of Z. Rhetsa, with a few leaves, as Roxburgh describes in Z.
Undruvga, which leads me to suspect that Roxburgh may, by some mistnke, have
described a specimen of ^. RheUa with few leaflets for one of the Silhet Z. Budruvfja.
Should this not be so, and should his Budrungci prove really different from Rheisa,
Wallich's name of Z. crenatum must be given to th^ plant here described.
n. Z. myriacanthum, Wall. Cat 1214; copiously armed except the
petioles with short straight prickles, leaflets 4-8 pairs coriaceous not very
oblique glabrous crenulate, cymes large terminal pubescent, carpels very
small. Z. ?longifolium, )Vall. Cat. 7115.
Penang, Porter; Malacca, Maivgay.
A large tall tree {Porter). Branches stout, densely armed. Leaves l-l 4 ft- ; petiole
unarmed ; le-\flets 3-4 in., opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacuminiite,
crenutures minute and shallow, nerves .spreading distinct beneath ; partial petioles v<'ry
short. Cymes long and broad, with much longer primary branches than Z. Khctsa,
which are terete and alternate, very pubescent, and bear a few scattered prickles.
Flowers \ in. diam., subsessile, 5-merou8. Calyx 3- or mort--, bractcate at the base.
Petals 5, imbricate. Ovaries 3. Ripe carpels | in. diam., compressed, apiculaie.
/S^t't? -compressed, y^ in. diam., not quite ripe.
DOUBTFUL, REJECTED, AND UNKNOWN SPECIEH.
Z. ARMATUM. Roxb. Cat. Hort. Beng. 727 ; DC. Prodr. i. 727, is probably Z. Rhetsa
or Z. Budrunga.
Z.? Bajarnaxdia, Wall. Cat. 7118; a very imperfect specimen, consisting of a
broken unarmed petiole, 10 detached leaflets like those of Z. ohlomjum, but narrower,
more finely acuminate, and with more numerous nerves and an t;ven more oblique base,
ripe carpels larger. — Assam, at Guralpara, Hamilton. Probably Z. Rhets.i, DC, but
too imperfect for determination.
Z.? C0NNAR01DE8, W. & A. Prodr. 148, is a species of Heynea.
Ti.'i FiNLAYsoNJANUM, Wall. Cat. 7114; glabrous, branches as in Z. spondicefolium,
but the more numerous prickles are seated on a compressed woody conical base much
broader than themselves, leaves 3 in., petiole very slender obscurely winged minutely
armed, leaflets 8-10 alternate ^-4 in. rhomboid-ovate obtuse crenate, panicles axillary
and terminal peduncled quite glabrous, flowers small subumbelled, petals 5. — Siaui ?
Herb. Finlayson.
Z OBTUsiFOLiuM, Poiv. A^uppl. u. 293 ; DC. Prodr. i. 727, is a doubtful native of
India and probably not a Zautfioxylum.
Z. RHOiFOLiuM, Lamk. ; DC. I.e. is not Indian, but the Z. sorbifulium, A. St. Hil.,
of America.
Z. 8AP1ND1FOLIUM, Wall Cat. 1215, from Amherst. Of this there is no specimen
in Walliclrs Herbarium, but only a blank slieet with the ticket attached.
Z. Serra, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. 440, is Saurauja nepalensis.
Z. spoNDiiEFOLiuM, Wall. Cat. 1217 ; branches as thick as a goose-quill, bark rough,
with very small conical prickles, leaves crowded at the end of the branch 4 5 in.
glabrous, petiole slender unarmed, leaflets 5-8 subopposite 2-24 in. elliptic-ovate acu-
minate quite entire, partial petiole ^V ^'^-i flower-buds minute in short axillary clusters,
petals 4, glabrous. — Amherst, Wallich.
7a. triflorum, Turcz. I.e. 1863, i. 597, described as ha^-ing opposite leaves not j el-
lucid dotted and 3-flowered peduncles in the upper axiis, and which is a Nilgiiiri
plant ^Perottet, No. 154) is clearly not of this genus. It may be Melicope indica, \\ .
Toddalia.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 49?
9. TODDAIiZA, Juss.
Usually subscandent or sarmentose prickly shrubs. Leaves alternate,
l-'J-foliolate ; leaflets sessile. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal cymes
or ]ianicles, unisexual. Calyx short, 2-5-lobed or -parted. Petals 2-5, im-
bricate or valvate. Stamens 2, 4, 5 (or 8 with the alternate imperfect),
imperfect or in the ? flower, inserted at the base of a short or long or in-
conspicuous disk. Ovary ovoid oblong or globose, rudimentary or 4-lobed
in the ^ flower, 2-7-(rarely 1-) celled ; style short or 0, stigma capitate;
ovules 2, superposed or collateral in each cell. Fruit subglobose, or lobed,
coriaceous or fleshy, 2-7-celled; cells 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seeds angled, reni-
form, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved, terete, cotyledons
linear or oblong. — Distrib. About 8 species, natives of tropical and sub-
tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.
1. T. aculeata, Pers. ; DO. Prodr. ii. 83 ; prickly, leaflets sessile elliptic
obovate oblong or lanceolate creilulate, fruit 3-7-celled. W. (k A. Prodr.
149 ; Thwaites Eniim. 69 ; Grak Cat Bomb. PI. 37 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb.
Flor. 46 ; Wight III. t. 66 ; Wall. Cat. 9042; Bedd.Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen.
xlii. t. vi. f. 4. T. asiatica, Lamk. Diet. vii. 693 ; III. ii, 116. T. nitida, Lamk.
III. t. 139, f. 1. ] T. angustifolia, Lamk. Diet. I.e. 694. T. angustifolia, Miq.
in Plant. Hohen. 470. T. rubricaulis, Willd. T. floribunda, Wall. PL As.
Bar. iii. p. 37. Zanthoxylon nitidum, Wall. Cat. 1207, from China {not of
DC). Z. floribundum, Wall. Cat. 1206 ; PI. As. Ear. iii._ t. 232. Scopolia
aculeata, Sm. Ic. ined. sub t. 34; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 616. Limonia oligandra,
Dalz. in Kew Joiirn. Bot. ii. 258. Paullinia asiatica, Linn. Sp. PI. 524. —
Burm. Flor. Zeyl. 58, t. 24 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. v. 81, t. 41.
Subtropical Himalaya, from Kumaon eastwards to Bhotan, ascending to 5000 ft. ;
Khasia Mts., ascending to 6000 ft., and throughout the We.stern Peninsula and
Ceylon. — Distrib, Sumatra, Java, China, the Philippine Islands.
A rambling sarmentose shrub, prickly or not. Leaflets sessile, 1-3 bj ^-1 in., gla-
brous, rounded, narrowed or subacute at the tip, which is acute obtuse or notched,
many-nerved, green on both surfaces, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, compressed, longer
or shorter than the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam., white. Calyx glandular. Petals 5,
imbricate. Stamens not exceeding the petals. Ovary usually 5-celled ; style short,
stigma 5-lobed ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Fruit globose, size of a large pea,
3-5-grooved, orange-coloured, 3-5-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell. — Whole plant hot
and pungent.
2. T. bilocularis, W. d- A. Prodr. 149 ; unarmed, leaflets elliptic-lan-
ceolate acuminate quite entire, tip notched, flowers 2-3-merous, fruit 2-celled.
Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. xliii. ; Icones, t. 167. Dipetalum biloculare, Dalz. in Kew
Journ. Bot. il 38.
Western Peninsula; Courtallum, Wight; Anamallay forests, alt. 2500-3000 ft.,
Beddome; Concan and Canara, Dalzell.
A tree (Beddome), trunk often 3 ft. in girth, foliage dense, always unarmed. Leaflets
6-10, sessile or petioled, nerved as in the other species, apparently quite entire. PdaU
2-3, slightly imbricate. St'gma large, peltate. Fruit as large as a cherry. — I have seen,
but two specimens, both Wight's, and in fruit only. I follow Dalzell in considering bis
Dipetalum to be the same ; he seems to have found it in a very early state, and says
the stamens were 6, and inflorescence tei-minal, which latter is not the case in Wight's
specimens ; Beddome, however, describes the inflorescence as terminal or from the
upper axils, and much shorter than the petiole. Beddome further describes it as a
beautiful tree of considerable size, with dense dark-green foliage; he found the females
in March, but not the males ; 3-petaled flowers were much more common than
2-petaled.
VOL. I. ' K K
498 XXXIII. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aeroni/cJiia.
10. AC2107?'S:CHZA, Forst.
Trees. Leaccs opposite or alternate, 1- rarely 3-foliolate, leaflets quite
entire. Fh/wers small or rather large, yellow, in peduncled axillary and
terminal corymbs, polygamous. 6W//a; 4-lobed, sometimes enlarged after
flowering, imbricate. FeAah 4, spreading, revolute, valvate. IStamens 8,
inserted under a thick 8-angled tomentose disk, filaments subulate, the
alternate longer. Ovary inserted in the hollowed tip of the disk, tomentose,
4 celled; style terminal, stigma 4-grooved ; ovules 2, superposed in each
cell Fruit a 4-celled drupe, or 4-valved loculicidal capsule. Seeds often
exserted and pendulous from a slender funicle, testa black, albumen copious;
embryo straight, cotyledons oblong flat. — Distelb- About 15 species, natives
of tropical Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands.
1. A. l^'i'-iroTia, LuiiJieBijcl 245 ; glabrous, leaves subopposite 1-folio-
1 ite, leaflet elliptic subobovate or oblong, cymes long-peduncled very broad
corymbose, buds linear, petals linear vilhms within. A. pedunculata, Mia.
FL hid. Bat. Sam>l. 532 ; llivxdtes Enum. 409 and 69 (Cyminosma) ; Bedd.
Flor. Sylv. Anal, Gen. xlii. t. (J, f. 4. Cyminosma pedunculata, DC. Frodr.
i. 722; Wall. Cat. 1205; W. tt- J. Fnxir. i. 147; Wi<jht III. I lfJ5, t. 65;
JJaJz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Stippl. 17. C. Ankenda, G<vrUi. Fract. i. 280, t. 58,
f. 6 (bad) ; DC. I.e. Clausena simplicifolia, Dalz. in Kew J ourn. Bot. iii. 180.
Jambolifera pedunculata, Vahl J:^//mb. iii. 52, t. (jl. Gela lanceolata, Lour.
FL Cock. i. 232. iSelas lanceolatum, t^nre>i(/. Sf/.^t, ii. 216. Ximenia 1 lan-
ceolata, DC. Frodr. i. 533. ludeterm. Wall. Cat. 902S—Fheede JIoH. Mai. v.
]). 29, t. 15.
SiKKiM HiMAT.AYA, ill liot vJilleyB, alt. 3-4000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 0-4000 ft. ;
A^^8AM ; Cimitagono ; Eastekn Pemnsula, from liangoon to Peiiang and Malacca;
AVestern Temnsula, on the Ghats from Concan to Tri^vancor, aBceuding to 5000 ft. ;
Ceylon. — Djstkib. Sumatra, Java, Cochin China.
A small glabrous tree or shrub, with somewhat silky or puberulous young shoots and
inflorescence. Leaves very variable; leaflets 2 6 in., obtuse or obtusely acuminate,
membranous, quite entire, much veined and reticulate on both surfaces. Cymes axillary,
slerder, oppositely branched, spreading, long-ptduncled, corymbose ; bracts and brac-
teoles small. Floivcrs ^-| in. diam., fragrant, yellowish-white ; buds h'liear-oblong,
obtuse ; pedicels slender. Sepals very small, rounded. Petals linear-oblong from a
broad base, obtuse, revolute, more or less villous on the inner surface. }< ilavients
equiilling the petals, slender, bearded below. Ovary villous ; style short, stigma capi-
tate. Dmipe very variable in size, from a pea to a small cherry, 3-5-celled, glabrate,
usually with a narrowed angular or grooved tip, sometimes narrowed at the base, sume-
tiuies deeply lobed from the tip downwards.
Var. 1 ; leaflets oblong, flowers about \ in. diam.
V^vK 2 ; leaflets 5-7 in. oblong-lanceolate, petals very sparingly villous within, drupe
globose *-^ in. diam. glabrous. — ISikkira, J. D. H.
Var. 3 ; leaflets 4-5 in. cymes very slender, flowers smaller (1^ in.), fruit small con-
tracted at the base. — Western Peninsula.
Var. 4; leaflets very small 1^-2 by \-^ in. very membranous narrowly elliptic-
lanceolate, cymes few-flowered. — Pulney Mts., Wight.
Var. 5 ; cymes few-flowered, fruit small turbinate lobed at the top. — Mergui,
UHjjith. . ^
Var. 6 ; peduncles stout thick, branches 3-flowered, flowers large almost 1 in. diam.,
petals much bearded within, fruit nearly | in. diam. subglobose puberulous. —
xVlalacca ? Maincjay.
2. A. Porteri, Hook./.; leaves opposite 1-foliolate, cymes panicled
narrow, buds globose, petals ovate minutely pilose within.— ira//.C'a^. 7756.
AcronycMa.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 499
Penano, Porter, Maingay {Kew distrib. 280) ; Malacca, Griffith:
A lofty tree. Petiole 4 in. ; leaflets 3-6 in., usually shortly acuminate, quite gla-
brous and entire, nerves beneath slender, spreading. Cymes 3-4 in. ; peduncle and
short branches stout, more or less hoary ; bracts and bracteoles small, persistent, obtuse.
blowers ^ in. diara ; buds ^^ in., puberulous. /Sepals 4, fleshy, obtuse. Petals broad,
short. I)is7c pulvinate, bright yellow, glabrous. Filaments with dilated bases. Ovary
imi:>erfect; styles minute, rudimentary, connate. Drupe \ in. diam., nearly globose,
obtusely 4-angled, minutely pitted, 4-celled, cells 2-seeded. Seeds subcollateral, oblong-
reniform, plano-convex; testa black, brittle. — The above description of the flowers is
taken very much from Maingay' s ms. which was drawn up from fresh specimens.
11. SKIBIXKIIA, Thunb.
Small glabrous strong scented shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple,
quite entire. Flowers crowded, in terminal panicles, white, polygamous.
Calyx 4-5-lobed, imbricate. Petals 4-5, oblong, valvate or slightly imbri-
cate. Disk obsolete. Stamens 4-5, hypogynous, imperfect in the 2 flower.
Ovary obovoid, (of 1-5 rudimentary carpels in the (^ flower) 2-5-celled ;
style stout, terminal, or 0, stigma capitate 2-5-lobed ; ovules solitary, pen-
dulous from the top of each cell. Drupe ovoid, fleshy, with 2-5 carti-
laginous 1-seeded stones. Seed pendulous, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ;
embryo straight, cotyledons oblong flat, radicle short. — Disteib. Species 4,
Himalayan and Japanese.
1. S. Ziaureola, Ilook.f. ; leaves oblong linear-oblong elliptic-lanceolate
or obovate obtuse acute or caudate-acuminate, flowers 5-merous. Limonia?
Laureola, DC. Prodr. i. 536. L. Laureola, Wall. PL As. Par. iii. 23, t. 245 ;
Cat. 6357. Anquetilia Laureola, Dene, in J acq. Voy. Bot. 161, t. 161. Lau-
reola fragrans. Poem. Synops. fasc. i. 74.
Throughout the Temperate Himalaya, from Marri to Mishmi, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ;
Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft. — Distrib. Affghanistan.
A glabrous shrub branched from the base, 3-5 ft. high, evergreen, strongly aromatic;
branches and foliage very bright green. Leaves exceedingly variable in size and shape,
3-7 in., softly coriaceous, quite entire, nerves indistinct ; petiole short, stout. Panicles
terminal, short, dense-flowered, branched ; females smaller ; bracts and 2 bracteoles deci-
duous. Flowers about 4 in- diam., yellowish- white, inodorous, shortly pedicelled.
Sepals small. Petals oblong, obtuse. Filaments stout, subulate. Ovary ovoid, mi-
nute, conic and 4-cleft in the S flowers. i^rwjY ^-f in. long ; ellipsoid, red, fleshy.
Seeds 1-3; embryo green. — Very similar to the Japanese S. japonica, Thunb., but
the flowers are 4-merous in that species.
12. CIiirCOSBIIS, Correa.
Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves 1-foliolate or imparipinnate ; leaflets
alternate. Flowers small, in axillary rarely terminal panicles. Calyx 4-5-
partite, segments broad imbricate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Stamens 8-10,
free, inserted round a disk, filaments subulate dilated below ; anthers small,
with often a dorsal or apical gland. Ovary 2-5-celled ; style very short,
]jer3istent, stigma simple ; ovules solitary and pendulous in each cell. Beii'y
small, dry or fleshy, 1-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, testa membranous ; coty-
ledons equal, radicle very short. — Distpjb. Species 5, Asiatic and Australian.
I have followed Professor Oliver in the limitation of the forms of this troublesome
Genus, which might very well be included in one species.
1. G. pentapfcylla, Correa in Ann. Miis. vi. 384 ; leaves 3-5 rarely
1-foliolate, leaflets polymorphous usually elliptic-lanceolate, ovary 5- rarely
KK2
500 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Glyeosmis.
3-4-celled glabrous, style very short stout. DC. Prodr. i. 538 ; W. d; A.
Frodr. 93 ; OUv.. in Jnurn. Linn. Soc. v. Sujjpl. ii. 37 ; WalL Cat. 6374 ;
Thwaltts Eunia. 45 and 406 ; Dak. <C- Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 29 ; Ftttld. in Tram.
Linn. Soc. xxv. 211 ; Flor. Sylv. Anal. Qen. xliii. t. 6, f. 6. G. chylocarpa,
W. d'A. Frodr: 93. G. arborea, DC.J.c; Wall. Cat. 6373 ; Thivaifes Enum.
43. G. Retzii, Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 41. Limonia pentapbylla, Retz Ohs.
V. 24; Roxb. Cor. Fl. t. 84 ; Flor. Lnd. ii. 381. L. arborea, Roxh. Car. Fl.
t. 85 ; Fl. Lnd. I.e. ; Bot. Mag. t. 2074. Myxospermum chylocarpum, Roem.
Synops. fasc. i. 40.
Throughout tropical and subtropical Himalaya, aBcending to 7000 ft. in Sikkim
from the Sutlej river in thp N.W., southwards to Upper Assam, Travancou, Malacca,
and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago, China, Philippine Islands, Borneo^
Australia. ^
One of the commonest plants in India, if, as most suppose, the shrubhy O. pmta-
phylla and arboreous G. arborea are the same species. This is a point to\vhich observers
in India should pay attention. Thwaitcs, who distinguished arborea at one time by
the short glandular ovary narrower than the spheroid disk, short depressed style as
broad as the distinct discoid stigma, and the smaller panicles, finds these characters not
to hold as he expected. The leaves, whii-h are evergreen, vary from 1-5-foliolate, and
the leaflets from 1-9 inches long, and are broad or narrow, obtuse acute or acuminate,
oblong elliptic or obovate or lanceolate, quite entire or crenulate, rather membranous,
pale and reticulately veined. Flowers small, white, in pubescent panicles that are very
variable in size and composition. Berry white, globose, usually the size of a large pea,
in var. 3, as large as a cherry. — I follow Prof. Oliver's classification of the first two
varieties, to whicn be gave many weeks of study with copious materials at his command.
The 3rd is added from Wight's Illustrations and Herbarium. Upwards of 200 speci-
m<ins are preserved in the Herbarium at Kew from dillifrent collectors and habitats.
Var. 1 ; leaves usually 3- rarely 1- or 5-foliolate, leaflets 4-9 in. lanceolate or oMong
or obovate-lanceolate quite entire or obscurely crenulate, panicles towards the tips of
the branches usually elongate many-flowered, ovary usually covered with mamillary
glands 5-celled connate at the base with the disk. — Throughout India.
Subvar. ; leaves narrower. — Canara and Mysore.
Var. 2 ; leaves usually 3-5-foliolate (except sub var. 1), leaflets elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, panicles small few- or many-flowered, flowers smaller, ovary 4-5 celled
scarcely niamillate constricted at the base and thus free from the disk. — G. triphylla,
Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii, 298; iSuppl. t. 39; Ic. t. 167 ; W. <& A. Frodr. 93.
G. nitida, W.<k A. Prodr. I.e. — Western iVninsula, Ceylon, Tenasserira.
Subvar. 1. longifolia ; leaves usually 1-foliolate, leaflets 3-10 iu. oblong or obovate-
lanceolate often acuminate or even caudate, panicles short 1-2 in., or if terminal 3-4 in.
— Assam, the Khasia Mts., Rangoon, an<l Malacca.
Suhvar. 2. macrophjUa; leaves 3-a-foliolate with the leaflets 3^-6 in., or 1-foliolate
with the leaflets 8-12 by 2^-6 in., disk thicker broader than the ovary. G. macro-
phylla, Limll. in Wall. Cat. 6377. — Assam, Penang, and Tavoy. ? Chionotria rigida,
Jack in Mai. Misc. ex Hook. Camp. Bot. Mag. i. 155. Ch. monogyna, Walp. Rep. i.
382 ; Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 73.
Subvar. 3. angH-stifolia ; leaflets narrower lanceolate 14-3 by |-| in. G. angnsti-
folin, Lindl. in WaH.'Cat. 6378 ; W. cO A. Frodr. 93. Limonia? angustifolia, WaU. Cat.
6360.— Tanjore, Mysore and Tavoy.
Svhvar. 4 ; panicles axillary very short, ovary scarcely constricted at the base, style
equalling the ovary. — Sikkim, Silhet, the Khasia Mts., Cachar, and Chittagong.
Var. 3. macrocarpa ; fruit |-1 in. diam. constricted at the base. G, macrocarpa,
Wiglt 111. i. 109.— Courtallum, Wight.
2. G. bilocularis, Thwai*-'s Emim. 45 ; leaves 3-5-foliolate, ovary
2-ce]led glabrous seated on the thickened disk. Oliv. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. V. Suppl. ii. 38.
Ceylon, in the Maturatte district, Thwaites. _
A shrub. Leaflets l|-2^ by \-% in., lanceolate or trapezoid-lanceolate, subacuminate,
Glycosmis,\ xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D, Hooker.) 501
obtuse at the base, pale beneath. Panicles axillary, very short, few-flowered. Sepals
broad-ovate or trianguiar-ovate. Petals oblong or elliptic oblong. Stamens alternately
shorter (much and irregularly dilated, concave within, Thw.) ; anthers small, cordate.
Z)i>,7c .short, thick, rather broader than the ovary. — I have seen only scraps of this. I
take the characters from Oliver andThwaites.
3. G-. saplndoides, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6376 ; leaves 5-7-foliolate,
panicles branched from the base stout many-flowered, ovary 2-3-celled,
hairy about as long as the thick style.
Penang, WalUch, Maingay. — Distrib. Java.
A tree 3 (? 30) feet high, with the trunk as thick as a man's thumb {Maingay).
Branches terete, glabrous. Leaflets 4-9 in., oblong or lanceolate, subacuminate.
Panicles 1-3 in., subpyramidal, branches short stout. Flowers shortly and stoutly
pedicelled. Sepals orbicular-ovate. Petals oblong or narrow oblong. Disk small or
obsolete. Ovary shortly stipitate. — Kurz (Journ. Beng. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 49) sug-
gests that this will prove a form of O. chlorosperma, Sprengel (Cur. Post. 162), but I
do not see how this can be, Sprengel's plant being described as having terminal
inflorescence.
4. G. puberula, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6375 ; leaves usually 3-foliolate,
ovary^ 4-5-celled shortly stipitate oblong pilose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. v.* Siijjpl. ii. 39.
Penang and Singapore, WalUch.
Leaflets 2-4 by |-1^ in., caudate-acuminate. Pedicels tVtV i"- Dish small, adnate
to the ovary. Style very short. — Perhaps a var. of G. pentaphylla, from which it differs
chiefly in the pilose ovary (Oliver).
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
G, CRENDLATA, Turcz. in Mosc. Bidl. Soc. Nat. 1858, pt. ii. 250, is 3Iurraya crenu-
lata, Oliv. (in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 29), a native of Luzon and not of Sinca-
pore as Turczaninow states.
13. mZC^OmTlT^r^m, Blume.
Unarmed trees. Leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets alternate, oblique.
Flower.'^ in large terminal corymbose panicles. Calyx cupular, 3-5-toothed
or lobed. Petals 5, free, thick, valvate or subimbricate. Stamens 10, free,
inserted round a short or long disk, filaments linear-subulate, alternate
shorter. Ovary 5- rarely 2-6-celled ; style constricted at the base, deci-
duous, stigma obtuse or capitate ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Btrry
small, dry, usually 1-2-seeded, septa spirally twisted. Seeds oblong, testa
membranous ; cotyledons leafy, crumpled, radicle long. — Disteib. Species
3 or 4, tropical Asiatic and Oceanic.
1. BI. pubescens, Blume Bijd. i. 137 ; pubescent, leaflets 9-15 ovate to
broad lanceolate, corymbs subsessile or peduncled finely pubescent, calyx
cupular entire or 5-lobulate, ovary 5- rarely 2-4-celied more or less hairy,
stigma capitate slightly broader than the style, berry glabrous. Oliv. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 40 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xliii. t. 7, f. 1 ;
Thwaites Enum. 46. Bergera integerrima, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 376 ; Wall.
Cat. 6371. Aurantiacea, Wall. Cat. 8517, 8518.
Central and Eastern tropical Himalaya; Nipal, WalUch; Sikkim, J. D. H.;
Assam ; Kiiasia Mrs. ; Chittagong and from Birma southward to Malacca ; Ceylon.
— Distrib. Java, China and Eastward to the Pacific Islands^
A small umbrageous tree. Leaves 6-18 in. ; leaflets subopposite and alternate, short-
petioled, waved, often caudate-acuminate, base often cordate, pubescent beneath, rarely
above. Cymes terminal, decompound, tomentose ; peduncle long or short ; pedicels
503 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Micromclum.
j^j-g in. ; bracts minute. Flowerg variable in size, \-\ in. diam., heavy-scented ; buds
oblong. Petals narrow-oblong, subacute, finely pubescent. Stamens alteniately longer ;
anthers didymous. Ovary usually hairy ; 2-7- but usually 6-celled. Berry ovoid or
oblong, as large as a large pea, yellow. Seed nearly as long. — There is a specimen from
N. VV. India in Eoyle's Herbarium, but probably from a garden, as he makes no mention
of it in his Illustrations of Himalayan Plants. The following varieties are established
by Prof. Oliver :—
Vab. 1 ; leaflets 2^3^ by 1-1 4 in., calyx subentire, style equalling or exceeding the
ovary. Bergera villosa, Wall. Cat. 6372. Cookia punctata, Hassk. ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. 2, 524. — Penang (Java, Philippines). ,
VAU. 2 ; leaflets 34-6 by 1-1^-2 in., cymes broader, flowers larger, calyx with trian-
gular lobes. — B. integeirima, lioxh. I.e.; DC. Pradr. i. 537. B. villosa, WaU. Cat.
6372. — Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft. ; Nipal, Assam, Birma.
Var. 3; leaflets narrower li-34 by 4-14 in., calyx lobulate, style often exceeding
the ovary. — Ceylon.
2. HI. liirsutum, Oliv. in Jouini. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 40 ; tomentose,
leaflets K)-25 obscurely toothed, cymes densely tomentose almost hirsute,
ovary 5-celled, stigma about as broad as the style, berry very hairy. —
Aurantiacea, Wall. Cat. 8516.
Penang, /flcZ:, Porfer, &c. ; Sincapore, Wallich; Pegu, J/cXeZZawtZ; Ten asserim,
Griffith, Helftr. — Distujb. Philippine Islds.
Very like M. puhescens^ and probably only a variety of that plant, but more tomen-
tose, especially the inflorescence, which is almost hirsute, as is the berry. The flowers
are as small as the smallest var. of M. pubescetis.
14. MURRAVA, Linn.
Unarmed shrubs or small trees. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets alternate,
petioled, base oblique or cuneate. Flowers solitary and axillary, or in
terminal corymbs or axillary cymes. Calyx 5-fid or -partite. Petals 5,
free, imbricate. Stamens 10, inserted round an elongate disk, filaments
linear-subulate, the alternate shorter ; anthers short, small. Ovary
2-5-celled, narrowed into a long deciduous style, stigma capitate ; ovules
solitary or 2 superimposed or collateral in each cell. Berry 1-2-celled,
oblong or ovoid, 1-2-seeded. Seed with a woolly or glabrous testa;
cotyledons equal. — Distrlb. {Species 4, tropical Asiatic.
1. m. exotica, Linn. ; leaves glabrous 3-8-foliolate, leaflets oblique,
cymes terminal corymbose. Oliv. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 28 ; lio,cb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 374 ; Wall. Cat. (5368 ; Thwaites Enum. 45 ; Wirjht Ic. t. 96 ;
Bedd. Plor. Sylvat. Aiud. Gen. xliv. t. 7, f. 2 ; Brandis For. Flor. 48.
Chalcas intermedia and C. paniculatii, Roem. Synops. fasc. i 48 and 49.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, from Gakwhal to Assam and Bjrma, and
southward to Chittagong, Tkavancor, and Ceylon. — Uistrib. Eastward to China,
Australia, and the Pacific Islands.
A very variable evergreen plant, of which two forms occur — a bushy and a f-ub-
arboreous. Branches slender, young parts pubescent. Leaves 4-5 in. ; leaflets
shortly petioled, 1-3 in., ovate or obovate, or rhomboid, obtuse or obtusely acuminate
and often notched at the tip, usually very oblique at the base, shining above, quite
entire, newer slender. Corymbs terminal and axillary, few- or many-flowered Flowers
campanulate, \ in. diam., pure white, very tragrant. SejMils glandular, acute. Petals
oblonglancenlate, spreading above. Stamens alternately longer. Ovary 2-celled ;
style slender, stigma capitate ; ovules sohtary in each cell or 2 superposed. Berry 4 in,,
apiculate, globose or ovoid, 1-2-seeded.
Vak. 1 ; shrubby, corymbs many-flowered, ovary 2-celled. — M. exotica, Auct. M.
Murrat/a.] xxxiii. rutace-e. (J» D. Hooker.) 503
exotica and brevifolia, Thwaites Enum. 45. — Common in Northern India ; Ceylon in
Gardens only.
Var. 2 ; arboreous, corymbs few-flowered or flowers subsolitary, ovary 2-cftlled. —
M. paniculata, Jack in MaL Misc. i. 31 ex Hook. Sot. Mine. ii. 79 ; DC. Prodr. i.
537 ; W.&A. Prodr. U] Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29.. M. sumatrana, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 375; Wall. Cat, 6369. Chalcas paniculata, Linn. Ch. sumatrana, Poem.
Synops.fasc. i, 49 — Chiefly in the Western Peninsula. Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft.
Vak. 3 ; ovary 4-5-celled. — M. Glenieii, Thwaites Enum. 406 ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. V. Suppl. ii. 29. — Trincomalee in Ceylon. — Thwaites, I.e., gives Oliver as the
author of this species, but the latter quotes Thwaites' mss. as his authority.
2. IMC. SLcenigrii, >S/?re?z/7. Syst. Veg. ii. 315; leaves pubescent or glabrous
10-20-foliolate, leaflets small oblique, cymes terminal, ovary 2-celled. Oliv.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Stip2^l. ii. 29 ; Bedd. Flor. Syh. Anal. Gen. xliv. ;
Brandis For. Flor. 48. Bergera Koenigii, Linn.; W. & A. Prodr. 94;
Wight Ic. t. 13 ; Wall. Cat. 6370; Roxb. Cor. PI ii. t. 112; Fl. Ind. ii.
375 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29.
Along the foot of the Himalayas, from Garwh^^l to Sikkim, ascending to 5000 ft. ;
Bengal, Pegu, and southward to Travakcor and Ceyi.on; often cultivated.
A small strong-smelling umbrageous tree, pubescent or tomentose, rarely glabrous,
deciduous. Leaves often 1 foot long, narrow ; petiole slender, terete ; leaflets petioled,
1-1 4 in., variable, usually obliquely ovate, obtusely acuminate, tip notched, crenulate,
sometimes suborbicular or lanceolate. Corymbs peduncled, many-flowered. Floioi rs
white, \ in. long, subcampanulate, ebracteate. Sepals acute. Petals linear-oblonir,
obtuse, dotted. Stamens alternately longer, filaments dilated belo>v. Ovary 2-celled ;
style cylindric, stigma capitate grooved; ovules solitary in each cell, or 'i-buperpose-t.
Fruit ovoid or subglobose, \ in. diam., black, rugose. Seeds imbedded in mucilage. —
Leaves much eaten in curries.
3. Ttl, elong'ata, Alph. DC. mss. in Wall. Herb. ; leaves glabrous
4-6-foiiolate, leaflets 4-5 in. ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-
acuminate tip notched coriaceous.
BiRMA, at Taong-dong, Wallich.
A very difterent looking plant from any of the forms of 31. exotica. — Bark on the
slender branches pale yellow. Petiole wilh rachh 3 in., angular; leaflets pale bright-
brown when dry, much longer and more lanceolate than in any form of M. exotica.
Fruit I in. long, narrowly ellipsoid, as in the last-named species, of which it may be
a form.
15. CliAUSENil, Burm.
Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves imparipinnate, usually deciduous,
leaflets membranous. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary cymes panicles
or lax racemes. Calyx 4-5-lobed or partite. Petals 4-5, free, membranous,
margins imbricate. Stamens 8-10, inserted round an elongated disk, the
alternate shorter, filaments usually dilated or arched and concave below
the subulate tip ; anthers short. Ovary stipitate, 4-5 (rarely 2-3-) celled ;
style usually distinct, deciduous, stigma obtuse entire or 2-5-lobed ;
ovules 2, collateral or superposed in each cell. Berry small, ovoid, oblong
or globose, 2-5-celled. Seeds oblong, testa membranous ; cotyledons
equal, plano-convex. — Distrib. Species about 14, chiefly tropical Asiatic,
with a few African and Australian.
* Inflorescence terminal, panicled.
1. C. pentaphylla, DC. Prcdr. i. 538 ; tomentose above, leaves
3-7-foliolate, leaflets 5-9 in. ovate acuminate tomentose or glabrate beneath,
flowers 4-merous, ovary hairy, style very short glabrous. Don Gen. Syst. i.
504 XXXIII. RUTACEJE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Clauserm.
686 ; Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. Sup]}!, ii. 30 ; Brandis For. Flor. 49.
Amyris pentaphylla, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 247 (error in descript. of ovules) ;
Wall. Cat. 8519. Limonia mollis, Wall. Cat. 6362. Gallesioa pentaphylla,
Koem. Synops. fasc. i. 45.
Tropical Western Himalaya, from Eumaon to Nipal, and in the Doom and Sal
forests of Oudh ; Cawnpore, Hardwick.
Branchlets terete, softly tomentose, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaven large ; petiole
often shorter than the leaflet, terete ; leaflets membranous, narrow and more or less
oblique at the cuneate base, quite entire or obscurely crenate, very shortly petioled,
usually softly tomentose beneath; nerves spreading. Panicle erect, 4-lU in. long,
branches long stout much divided, all very softly downy. Flowers ^ in. diam. ; buds
globose. Sepah triangular, acute. Petals oblong, concave, obtuse, glabrous or hairy
outside. Filaments short, broad. Fruit ^ in, diam., broadly oblong, glabrous, pale
orange, papillose. — Wallicli's 8519, from the Calcutta Gardens, have very large (10 by
4^ in.) membranous sometimes I-foliolate leaves, almost glabrous beneath and glabrous
petals.
2. C. heptaphylla, W. d: A. Prodr. 95, in note; glabrous, leaves
5-9-foliolate, leaflets 2-5 in. equal or slightly oblique at the base,
flowers 4-5-merous, ovary obovoid 4-grooved glabrous, style as long as the
ovary and as broad as the stigma. Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl.
ii. 30. Amyris heptaphylla, Jtoxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 248 ; Wall Cat. 8508.
Eastern Bengal, near Calcutta, Boxhurgh ; Silhet, WaUich ; Khasia Mts.,
ascending to 4000 ft, and Chittagono, H.f. d: T.; Tenas.serim, Griffith.
A branching bush, smelling strongly of aniseed ; branchlets glabrous, as thick as a
crow-quill. Leaves 6-16 in.; petiole cylindric, slender; leaflets sometimes 8 in.,
shortly petioled, membranous, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, very obscurely crenulate,
pale beneath ; nerves and costa slender. Panicle with slender spreading branches, on
which the flowers are racemed. Fhwers j^ in. diam., pedicels slender, buds globose,
yellow-white. Petals oblong, glabrous. Berry 4 i«- long, oblong, white reddish or
pale yellow, glandular.
3. C. macrophylla, Hook. /. ; softly villous, leaves 5-foliolate,
leaflets 5-7 in. equal or suboblique obscurely toothed tomentose beneath,
flowers glabrous, stamens equal, filaments very short, ovary stipitate
glabrous 4-lobed tnbercled, style as long as the ovary and as broad, as the
stigma. 0. heptaphylla var. ? pubescens ; Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v.
Siqqi. ii. 30. Cookia ? macrophylla, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6367.
BiRMA, on the banks of the Saluen at Trogla, Wallich.
1 have seen but one specimen. Branchlets as thick as a goose-quill, and as well as
the petiole and panicle clothed with a soft spreading close-set velvety tomentimi. Leaves
1 ft. ; leaflets very shortly petioled, acuminate, pale on both surfaces, nerves strong
arched, margin with shallow small rather distant teeth, midrib stout ; common petiole
stout, terete. Panicle stout, erect, with the peduncle 1 ft. long ; branches strict, erecto-
patent. secondary branchlets short. Floicers crowded, ytt i""*- diam., shortly pedicelled,
buds globose. Calyx-lobes 4, minute, rounded, acute. Petals broadly oblong, concave,
membranous, covered with large glands. Filaments much dilated below ; anthers
large, oblong. Ovary stipitate, tubercled with very large glands ; ovules 2, collateral
in each cell. Fruit immature, oblong, tip obscurely 4-angled and truncate.
4. C excavata, Burm. P'l. Ind. 87 ; pubescent or tomentose, leaves
T5-:X> lolioiate, leaiicts 2-3.} in. oblique at the ba.se, flowers 4-merous, ovary
ovoid or elliptic sub-4-gonal stipitate hairy or hirsute, style stout about
equalling the ovary. L>C. Prodr. i. 538; Oliv. in Jo urn. Linn. Soc. v.
SupjJl. ii. 31. Murraya Burmanni, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 315. Amyris suma-
Clausma.] xxxiti. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 505
trana, and pvLnct&tB,, jRoxJy. Fl. hid, ii. 250, 251 ; Wall, Cat. 8512. Cookia
graveolens, W. & A. Prodr. 95; Wall. Gat. 8515. Gallesioa graveolens,
Roem. tiynoin. fasc. i. 45.
Tropical Himalaya, alt. 2000 ft., from Nipal, Wallieh, to Bhotan, Griffith; Silhet
Pegu, and Chittagong, Wallieh, &c. Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Griffith;
Penang, Porter, &c. — Distuib. Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
A tree,fetid when bruised, smelline: of Sassafras ( lioxhurgh) ; brancblets as thick as
a crow-quill and as well as the inflorescence petioles and leaflets more or less softly
tomentose. Leaves 6-12 in. ; petiole slender, cylindric, more tomentose than the leaf-
lets which are very oblique at the base, petioled, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, mem-
branous, obscurely crenate, upper often falcate. Panicle 4-12 in. high, pyramidal;
branches spreading, alternate. Flowers shortly pedicelled, J in. diam., white; buds
globose. Petals oblong, glabrous. Fruit % in., broadly oblong.
Var. villosa; clothed with soft spreading hairs, petals hirsute. — Kangoon.
5. C. Wampi, Blanco Flor. Filip, 358 ; branches petioles and inflo-
rescence pustular, leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets 2-4 in. broad ovate elliptic or
lanceolate waved or crenulate, flowers 4-5-merous, ovary pilose usually
6-celled, style very short glabrous above, stigma 5-lobed, ovules 2 in each
cell superposed. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. ISuppl. ii. 34. Cookia punc-
tata, Sonnerat Voy. iii. 258, t. 130 ; DC. Prodr. i. 537 ; Roxh, Fl. Ind.
ii. 382 ; Wall. Cat. 6366.
Cultivated in India and the Eastern Islands ; native probably of China.
A small glabrous tree, with a sweet terebinthine odour. Xeaves 4-10 in. ; petiole
cylimlric, glabrous or hairy ; leaflets petioled, oblique, shining above, tip obtuse notched.
Panicle large, erect, compound, branched from the base, branches stout. Flowers ^ in.
diam., white; pedicels very short, stout ; buds globose. JfetaZs broad, concave. Fruit
nearly globose ; rind tough, covered with glands full of green balsamic oil. Seed solitary.
6. C. Wallichii, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Siippl. ii. 35 ; leaves
13-17-foliolate, leaflets rhomboid or oblong-lanceolate crenulate glabrous,
petiole and rachis obscurely winged, flowers 5-merous, ovary glabrous
4-5-celled, style distinct, ovules 2 superposed in each cell.
BiRMA, Chappedong hill, Wallieh.
Branchltts terete, black when dry, smooth. Leaves 8-12 in. ; leaflets 2-3 in., alter-
nate, oblique, caudate-acuminate with an obtuse notched tip, narrowed into a cuneate
base; petiole very slender, margined rather than winged. Pam'c/e 3-5 in. long and
broad, much branched ; branches erecto-patent, glabrous, strict. Flou'&rs subsessile,
I in. diam., glabrous. Calyx 5-partit«. Petals imbricate. Stamens 10, free, filaments
thickened in the middle. Ovary on a short narrow stalk, usually 5-celled ; style very
short, grooved, as broad as the stigma ; ovules obliquely superposed. — Oliver remarks
that when the ovary is 4-celled, the ovules in at least one cell are collateral, as also
that this species weakens the distinction between Clausena and Murraya.
7. C. indica, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 36; glabrous,
leaves 7-11-foliolate, leaflets oblique polymorphous crenulate, flowers
5-merous, ovary 2-5-celled glabrous papillose, ovules 2 collateral in each
cell. Bedd. Flor. Silv. Anal. Gen. xlv. Piptostylis indica, Dalz. in Kew
Journ. Bot. iii. 33, t. 2 ; Dalz. <^ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29. Bergera nitida,
Thwaites Enum. 46.
Western Peninsula ; from the Bombay Ghats, Dalzell, to the Anamallay hills, Bed-
dome. Ceylon, Thwaites, i.
A shrub or small tree; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves ^-10 in.; petioles slender,
arched, terete, glabrous or puberulous ; leaflets 2-4 in., petioled, very oblique, oblong-
ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, rarely almost rounded, tip rounded obtuse and notched or
acute or acuminate, crenulate, very dark with raised glands on both surfaces when dry.
606 XXXIII. RUTACKiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Clavsaia.
Panicle peduncled; peduncle hoary, corymbosely branched above. Floivers J in. diam.,
very shortly pedicelled, pale, glabrous, globose. Fetahi broadly ovate. Pruit 4 in. diam.,
globose, yellow. — Beddome considers this to be probably a variety of C. Willdeiiovii,
but the inflorescence is totally different.
** Inflorescence axillary^ panicled or racemose.
8. C. Willdenovii, W. d: A. Prodr. 96; glabrous or pubescent or
tomentose, leaves 5-13-foliolate, leaflets 1-2 in. obliquely ovate or ovate-
lanceolate crenulate, flowers in compound slender racemes usually 4-merous,
ovary stipitate 4-angled or grooved glabrous, style short thick, ovules 2
superposed in each cell. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Sup2>l. ii. 32 ; Bedd.
For. Sylvat. Arutl. Gen. xliv. t. 7, f. 3 ; Dah. <k Gibs. Bomb. Fhr. 30 ; Wig lit
Ic. t. 14 ; IVnvaites Enum. 47 ; Wall. Cat ^509. Cookia dulcis, Bedd. in
Madr. Journ. 1861 ; Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 211. Icica dentata, DC. Prodr.
ii. 78. Amyris dentata, W'dld. Sp. PL ii 337.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 1-2000 ft. Western Peninsula, coramon, ascending to
3000 ft. in Wynaad. Ceylon, in the hot drier parts. — Distrib. Moluccas.
A large shrub {Boxlnirgh), glabrous or with the young parts and sometimes the pe-
tioles and inflorescence pubescent ; branchlets slender. Leaven 6-lGin. ; petiole slender,
terete ; leaflets petioled, oblique, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, acute or
obtusely caudate acuminate, crenulate, membranous. Bacemea slender, axillary, 3-10
in. long, branches or pedicels divaricating. Flowers fragrant, rather remote, ^ in.
diam., whitish ; buds globose. Petals oblong, concave, glandular. Fruit globose, from
the size of a pea to a cherry, whitish-green, pellucid.
Var. 1. jnihescens; more or less pubescent or tomentose or woolly on the young
bracts petioles and inflorescence or throughout. C. pubescens, W. cC A. Prodr. 96 ; Wall.
Cat. 8510.— Pegu, Madras, Ceylon.
Var. 2, nana; branches petioles and racemes quite glabrous with scattered pustular
glands, leaflets smaller membranous reticulate. C. nana, W. d; A. I.e. ; Wall. Cat.
8507. Amyris nana, Boxb. Ft. Ind. ii. 249. Madras (Moluccas, Boxburgh).
9. C. Buflfruticosa, W. d' A. Prodr. 96 ; softly tomentose,* leaves
ll-17-foli()late, leaflets 3-5 in. obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong,- flowers
in compound slender racemes 4-merous, ovary stipitate ovoid or subsphe-
rical or grooved, style slender, ovules superposed in each cell. Oliu. iii
Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 33 ; Wall. Cat. 8513, 8514. Amyris suf-
fruticosa, BoxIj. Fl. Ind. ii. 250.
Ciiittagono, Boxburgh; Khasia Mts., De Sllva.
Shrubby, wholly clothed with soft spreading tomentum ; stem simple ; branchlets
about as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 1 ft. ; petiole straight, slender, terete, glan-
dular towards the base ; leaflets shortly petioled, obtuse acute or acuminate, often
equally tomentose on both surfaces, quite entire. Bacemes 2-5 in,, compound, slender,
glandular. Floicers J in. diam., greenish-white, pedicels slender ; buds globose. Petals
glabrous, concave. Fruit (according to Koxburgh) 1 in. long, fusiform or ovoid, dronp-
iug, orange-yellow, glandular, iSced solitary, green. — Distinguished from var. puLes-
ccns of VVilldenow by the much larger size of leaves leaflets and fruit,
16. TRIFKASIA, Lour.
A spiny shrub. Leaves alternate, sessile, 3-foliolate, leaflets obtuse,
crenate, lateral smaller. Flowers solitary, or in 3-flowered cymes, axillary,
sweet-scented. Cal^x 3-lobed. Petals 3, free, imbricate. Stamens 6,
inserted round a fleshy disk, filaments free subcqual dilated at the base;
anther linear. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled, narrowed into a slender deciduous
style, stigma obtuse or capitate and 3-lobed; ovules solitary in each cell.
Berry small, ovoid, 1-3-celled, 1-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, immersed in
Triphasia.] xxxiii. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 507
mucilage, testa coriaceous ; cotyledons plano-convex, often unequal or
lobed.
1. T. trifoliata, DC. Prodr. i. 536; Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. v.
Sup2)L ii. 26 ; W. (^ A. Prodr. 91 ; Dcdz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 12. T.
aurantiola, Lour. ; Wall. Gat. 6381. Limonia trifoliata, Linn. ; Burm. Fl.
Ind. t. 35, f. 1. L. diacantha, DC. Prodr. i. 536.
Western Peninsula, apparently common, but said to be an escape ; common in
gardens throughout India and in various tropical countries.
A glabi-ous spinous shrub, with straggling evergreen branches and leaves ; spines
slender, straight. Leaflets thick and soft, crenulate, coriaceous, almost nerveless, the
terminal shortly petioled, f-lA in,, ovate with a cuueate base and rounded notched tip ;
lateral smaller, more roimded, oblique. Flowe/rs very shortly peduncled, nearly \ in.
long, white, fragrant. PetoZ.s| linear-oblong. Fruit 4 in. long, fleshy, apiculate, gland-
dotted.— Graham (Cat. Bomb. PI. 23) is probably mistaken in supposing that this,
M'hich is considered by many to be a Chinese plant, is a native of the Southern Concan.
I am not aware, however, that it has anywhere been found in an indigenous state.
17. ZaZMOSSrZA, Linn.
Shrubs or small tree^^, often spiny. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate or impari-
pinnate ; leaiiets opposite or alternate ; petiole winged. Flowers panicled,
raceined or fascicled. Galyx equally 4-5-lobed or -partite. Petals 4-5,
imbricate. Stamens 8-10, inserted around an annular or elevated disk,
filaments subulate ; anthers cordate or linear-oblong. Ovary oblong,
4-5-celled ; style short, stout, deciduous, stigma obtuse or capitate ; ovules
1-2 in each cell. Berry globose, 1-4-celled, 1-4-seeded. Seeds imbedded
iji mucilage ; cotyledons fleshy. — Disteib. Species ^-3, natives of Tropical
Asia.
* Gdls of the ovary \-ovuled.
'. :^. aciriissixRa, Liiin. ; DC. Prodr. i. 536 ; spinous, glabrous, leaves
I -iiiuaie, -leaflets 2-4 pair sessile opposite obtuse crenulate, rachis broadly
winged, racemes subumbellate, flowers 4-merous. W. & A. Prodr. 92 ;
Grah. Cat. Bcmb. PI. 23 ; Dalz. ^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 29 ; Bedd. For. Flor.
Anal. Gen. xlv. L. crenulata, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 86; Fl. Ind. ii. 381;
DC. I.e. ; Wall. Cat. 6364. Hesperethusa acidissima, crenulata and am-
bigua, Roem. SynojM.fasc. i. 38. — Rheede Ilort. Mai. iv. t. 14.
■^ Dry hills in various parts of India, N.W. Himalaya in Simla and Kumaon, ascend-
ing to 4000 ft. ; Monghyr hills in Behar ; Assam ; Western Peninsula, from the
Bombay Ghats and Coromandel southwards. Yunan, /. Anderson.
A spinous glabrous shrub or small tree, with rigid flexuous woody branches ; spines
\~\ in. Leaves 1-4 in. long; petiole and rachis jointed, the former narrowly the latter
very broadly winged ; leaflets 1-2 in., trapezoid-ovate, obtuse and notched at the lip,
base cuneate, margins crenulate, nerves slender i-eticulate ; joints of rachis obovate-
oblong, crenulate. llacemes 1 in. long, pubescent, often leafy; pedicels slender.
Flowers ^ in. diam., tetrpierous, white, fragrant. Sepals small. Petals elliptic or
oblong. Disk annular or columnar. Ovary i-ceWed, style short thick; ovule 1 pen-
dulous in each cell. Berry globose, ^ in. diam., 1-4-seeded, very acid. .
? 2. Xi. pubescens, Wall. Cat. 6365 (Limonia?); spinous, leaflets
3-5-pair opposite broadly rhomboid or ovate obtuse quite entire or sinuate-
crenate midrib beneath and winged costa pubescent.
BiRMA ; at Taong-dong, Wallich.
508 XXXIII, RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Lbnonia.
The specimen in Wallich's Herbarium is very incomplete, and the detached fruit
which accompanies it is probably that of another plant. Branches woody, with short
strong scattered thorns, branchlets unarmed. Leaves 3-5 in., leaflets \\-2 in., sessile,
base cuneate ; rachis between the leaflets ^ in. broad. — ? Fruit a depressed sphere
i in. diam., 5-lobed, smooth.
3. Zi. altemans, Wall, in Voigt. Tlort. Calc. 139; unarmed, leaves
pinnate, leaflets 5-7 pairs alternate acuminate crenulate, rachis narrowly-
winged, cymes subsessile, flowers 5-merous. Kurz in Joiirn. As. Soc.
Belig. 1873, ii. 64 {L. cdteniifdia). '
Pegu, Wallich, Kurz; Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.
A slender shrub, with a simple or sparingly branched stem, quite glabrous. Leaves
4-9 in.; petiole hardly winged; rachis narrowly winged; leaflets 1^-2 in., ovate,
sessile, terminal much larger, nerves obscure. Cymes short and shortly peduncled,
axillary, glabrous. Flowers small, white. Sepals minute, acute. Petals \ in. long,
subacute. Stamens 10, the alternate longer, filaments sparsely pubescent within.
]Juk thick, elongate after flowering. Ovary obovoid, compressed, smooth, 2-celled ;
ovules solitary, pendulous; style curved, stigma thickened. — The description of the
flower is from Kurz, who retains it in this genus.
** Cells of ovai^y ^-ovuled.
4. Zi. alata, W. <&; A. Prodr. 92 ; usually spinous, leaves 3-foliolate,
leaflets obovate quite entire, the lateral small, flowers 4-6-merous. Wight
III. i. t. 41 ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 27 ; Wall. Cat. 6363 ;
Thwaites Enitm. 45 ; Bedd. Plor.' Sf/lv. Anal. Gen. xlv. t. 7, f. 4.
Western Peninsula ; foot of the Nilghiri and Anamallay Mts, and elsewhere in
the Madras Presidency, Wight, 3Iaingay ; Ceylon, common in hot dry parts of the
Island.
A small glabrous tree ; spines 1 in., nearly straight. Leaves 2-4 in. ; leaflets l-2i in.,
subsessile, base cuneate; petiole 1-1^ in., winged. Panicles 2-3 in., terminal and
axillary, few- or many-flowered, hoary, branches rather stout. Flowers 4 in. diam.,
shortly pedicelled, ebracteolate. Sejm'ls triangular. Petals oblong. Stamens subequal.
i>isA; small, aimnlar. Owary 4-5-celled; style rather slender, stigma capitate ; ovules
collateral or obliquely superposed. Perry 1 in. diam., globose, many-seeded.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
LiMONiA BiLocuLARis, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 377. Atalantia? bilocularis, Wall. Cat.
6356. Sclerostylis atalantioides, W. & A. Prodr. 93, not of Wight Ic.l\\ Helie atalan-
tioides, Poem. Synops.fasc. 42. A. buxifolia, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Sujypl. ii.
26. — A Chinese plant, erroneously supposed to have been introduced into the Calcutta
Botanic Garden from Coromandel by Dr. Berry.
L. ? FLAvicANS, Wall. Herb., from Taong-dong in Ava, a plant without flower or
fruit, is not Aurantiaceous, but I cannot tell what it is.
L. OBLONOA, Wall. Cat. 6359 ; an imperfect specimen without flower or fruit, may be
Paramignya Griffithii. The leaves are 3-5 in., oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate,
and as well as the slender branchlets finely pubescent beneath ; spines short.
L. PENTAOYNA, Poxb., is Bursera serrata, Wall., according to Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Bengal, 1870, pt. 2, 70.
L. RETUSA, Don Prodr. 224, is probably Trijihasia trifoliata.
18. Z.UVUNGA, Hamilt.
Glabrous, climbing shrubs, usually armed with axillary spines. Leaves
3-folic)late ; leaflets coriaceous quite entire. Flowers in axillary fascicled or
panicled racemes. Calyx cupular, entire or obscurely 4-6-lobed. Petals 4-5,
Luvunga.] xxxiii. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 509
free, linear-oblong, thick, imbricate. Stamens 8 or 10, inserted around a
cupular annular or elevated disk ; filaments equal or not, linear-subulate,
free or cuneate ; anther linear or linear-oblong. Ovary 2-4-celled ; style
stout, deciduous, stigma capitate ; ovules 2 superposed in each cell. Berry
large, ellipsoid, with a thick rind, 2-3-seeded. SeexU large, ovoid, testa
membranous, nerved; cotyledons equal, oblong, fleshy. — Distkib. About
4 species tropical Asiatic.
1. Zi. scandens, Hanfi. in Wall. Cat 6382 ; leaflets 5-12 in. oblong
elliptic-oblong or lanceolate or oblanceolate tip rounded acute or acu-
minate, filaments more or less cuneate. Wight III. i. 108 ; Oliv. in Joum.
Linn. Soc. v. Saj^pl. ii. 43 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4522. Limonia scandens, Roxh. Fl.
Ind. ii. 380.
Eastern Bengal, Assam, the Khasia Mts., Birma, and Malacca.
A strong scandent annual glabrous shrub, with woodj flexuous branches, and re-
curved spines. Leaves very variable, thickly coriaceous ; petiole 2-5 in., stout, cylin-
dric ; leaflets smooth, shortly petioled, nerves very faint, spreading. Cymts panicled
or subracemose, short, shortly paduncled, few-flowered. Flowers about fin. diam., very
fragrant, white. Calyx with the margin truncate and lobed more or less. Petals 4,
fleshy, recurved. Stamens with the filaments sometimes united almost to the top.
Ovary 3-4- celled. Berry oblong, size of a pigeon's eg^, yellowish, obscurely 3-lobed,
rind smooth, pulp resinous-odoriferous. Seeds 1-3, ovoid, pointed. — The description of
the fruit is from Roxburgh. Malacca specimens have much broader and more obtuse
leaves than the Silhet and Assam ones. Beddome {Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xlvii. in note)
says that this, as well as the following, is abundant in the Western side of the Madras
Presidency, but 1 have seen no specimens from thence.
2. Zi. eleutherandra, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. ii. 258 ; leaflets
3-5 in. elliptic or obovate abruptly obtusely acuminate, filaments free.
Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. Stq^jJl. ii. 44; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 30.
L. Tavoyana, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6383. L. scandens and eleutherandra,
Thwaites Enum. 47, 48, 406. ? Triphasia sarmentosa, Blume Bijd. i. 132.
Western Peninsula, in forests from the Concan southwards; Ceylon, alt. 3-5000 ft.,
Thwaites, &c. ; ? Tavoy, Gomez. — Distrib. Java.
Perhaps only a variety of L. scandens, with smaller leaves and fruit and free sta-
mens. — Kurz {.lourn. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 69) doubts Blume's T. sarmentosa
being this ; but there is a Javan specimen so marked in the Herb, that altogether
resembles the Indian. Wallich's specimens of L. Tavoyana have the leaves even
larger than those of L. scandens.
19. TILTLILH/llGUirA, Wight.
Erect or climbing shrubs, unarmed or with axillary spines. Leaves
1-foliolate, the joint often obscure, quite entire, subcoriaceous, persistent.
Flowers rather large, axillary, solitary or fascicled. Calgx cupular or
small and 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, free, imbricate or rarely induplicate-
valvate. Stamens 8-10, inserted round a columnar disk, filaments free
linear equal or subequal; anther linear-oblong. Ovar^y 3-5-celled; style
elongate, ideciduous ; ovules in each cell solitary or 2 obliquely super-
posed. Berry ovoid or subglobose, often contracted at the base, 1-5-seeded,
rind thick. Seeds large, oblong, much compressed, testa membranous ;
cotyledons fleshy, equal.— Distrib, Species 4, tropical Indian.
Kurz proposes to join this genus with Atalantia (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870,
ii. 69), observing that the shape of the anthers cannot be important, that A. missionis
has a columnar disk, and that the habit is the same in both genera. All the species of
both genera want a careful study and revision with belter materials than I have.
610 xxxTii. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Paramignya.
* Flowers nearly 1 in. long. Calyx cupular with broad lobes.
1. P. monophylla, Wight III. i. 109, t. 42 (Micromelum ?) ; spines
recurved, leaflet oblong or elliptic with an abruptly acute tip, flowers 1-4
equalling or exceeding the pedicels, calyx cupular broadly 4-5-Iobed,
stamens 10-12, ovary-cells 3-5 2-ovuled. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. iSoc. v.
JSuppl. ii- 41.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 2-5000 ft., /. D. H. ; Bhotan, Booth; Khasia Mts., alt.
2-4000 ft. ; Tena8!>erim, Zo66,- Westebn Peniksdla, common ; the Western Forests,
from the Conga n southward ; Ceylon.
A stout climbing evergreen shrub, with strong green flexuous woody branches and
hooked axillary spines sometimes nearly an inch long; tips of voun^ shoots and petioles
often pubescent. Leajietn 2^-5 in., usually elliptic and rounded at both ends, rarely
somewhat obovate, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate and acute or caudate-acuminate, coria-
ceous, bright green ; nerves numerous, spreading ; petiole 4-| in. Flowers 1 in. diam.,
white, fragrant. Petals linear-oblong, very imbricate. Filamtnts linear, flattened,
glabrous and hairy. Ovary hairy or glabrous ; style glabrous above ; ovules rarely
solitary. Berry ovoid or obuvoid, size of a nut or larger, yellow, odour heavy. Seeds
compressed.
2. P. grandlflora, Oliv. in Jouim. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 42 ; spines
short recurved or o, branches and leaves beneath pubescent, leaflet ellintic or
ovate-oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate, flowers usually solitary snorter
than or equalling the slender 'pubescent or glabrate pedicel, calyx
cupular, filaments villous, ovary-cells 5 usually 2-ovuled. Limoiiia grandi-
flora, Wall. Cat. 6361.
Tenasserim, at Tavoy, WaUicJi, Heifer; Sincapore, Lohb.
A small tree ( W(dllch). Branches slender, terete, sometimes glabrate. I^eaflets
2^-4 in., thinly coriaceous, base rounded. Flowers 1 in. long, as large as those of
P. moyiophiiUa ; pedicel sometimes longer, with a pair of basal bracteoles. Calyx-lobes
rounded, ciliate. Petals linear-oblong.
* Flotoers about I in. long. Calyx smally with acute teeth.
3. P. Griffithil, Ilool-. /. ; spines short, branches and leaves glabrous
or pubescent, leaflet elliptic or oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate,
flowers 1-3, pedicels very short, calyx acutely 5-lobed, filaments longer
than the linear-oblong antiiers, ovary-cells 5 2-ovuled. P. citrifolia, Oliv.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. JSuppl. ii. 42 {not Limonia citrifolia, Roxh.). Citrus
scandens, Griff. Notul. iv. 495 ; Jc. PL Ind. Or. t. 587, f. 1. ? Limonia
oblonga, Walt. Cat. 6359; and L. missionis. Wall. Cat. 6358 D. & F.
BiRMA, at the Serpentine Mines and Malacca, Griffith; Mukee hills in Assam, Masters;
VEtiV, M'Ldland. PPenano and Sjlhet, WuUich.
Branches and foliage like that of P. mono2ihylla, hut the flowers are very different,
}^-\ in. long, with a small acutely-lobed calyx. Fruit unknown. — Griffith's figure is a
great exajrgeratinn, as his specimens prove. Wallich's 6358 D and F are referable to
this or the following.
4. P. citrifolia, Ilool-. f. {not of Oliver) ; glabrous, spines short, leaflet
elliptic ovate acute, flowers 1-3, pedicels very short, calyx acutely 5-lobed,
filaments much shorter than the linear elongate anther, ovary-cells 5
2-ovuled. Limonia citrifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 379.
Chittagong, Roxburgh.
Young shoots polished. Xea^fM-5 by 2-3 in., quite entire. Flowers v;h\te, about
^ in. diam. Petals oblong. Filaments quite free. Ovary ovoid-oblong, 5-grooved;
style short, thick ; stigma subpeltate. Berry ovoid, pointed, of the colour and ajtpear-
ance of a Lime, even to the Httle green cells in the cortex. Seeds 1-4, separated by a
Paramignya\ xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 511
few small dry fibres only which are scarcely to be traced when dry, oblong ; testa mem-
branous. — This plant is unknown to me; the description is taken from Koxburgli's
Flora Indica and drawings. Prof. Oliver referred to it the preceding species, which
differs in the form of the stamens, and (if Roxbursch's figure of the ovary is correct) in
wanting a style, but the said figures resemble what an ovary would be were the style
fallen away. 1 refer it to Paragmignya from the long anther and pointed fruit. Kurz
has pointed out that Oliver's P. citrifolia and Grififith's Citrus scandens cannot both
be the same as Roxburgh's Limonia citrifolia (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, Pt. 2, 69).
5. P. long>ispina, Hook f. ; glabrous, spines long straight, leaflet
oblong subacute, liowers solitary small, pedicel very short, calyx 5-toothed,
filaments short equalling the linear anthers, ovary-cells 3-4 4-ovuled, fruit
3-4-angled.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches stout ; spines opposite and alternate, straight, sometimes 2 in. long. Leaf-
let 3-4 in., base cordate; petiole very short. Flowers ^ in. long; pedicel very short.
Calyx-lobes obtuse. Petals oblong, obtuse. /Stamens 10, equal, glabrous ; anthers as
long as the filaments, narrow, with a long apiculus. , Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style
stout, cylindric ; ovules superposed in pairs. PVuit l-l^ in. long, between globose stndi
ovoid, j)ointed, 3-4-celled ; rind thick, coriaceous, glandular, pulp 0. Seeds 2-4 in each
cell, oblong, compressed, narrowed at the base into a short beak. — This description is
mainly taken from Maingay's notes.
6. P. armata, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 43 ; glabrous,
spines straight or recurved, leaflet elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely
caudate-acuminate, flowers small solitary or fascicled, pedicel very slender,
calyx obtusely 4-5-lobed, ovary-cells 3-4 usually 1-ovuled. Arthromischus
armatus, Tkwaites Enum. 47.
Cevlon ; in the hotter parts of the Island, common.
A scandent shrub ; branches stout or slender, straight or flexuous. Leaflet 2-3 in.,
base rounded, nerves indistinct ; petiole exceedingly short. Floicers \ in. long, 4-5-
merous ; pedicels | in. ; buds obovoid. Calyx minute. Petals oblong, very much im-
bricated. Filaments linear-subulate, pilose ; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary hairy ;
style long, cylindric, stigma dilated. Fruit ^| in. diam., subglobose, pulpy, yellow,
l-4-8eeded.
20. ATAIiANTXA, Correa.
Unarmed or spinous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, 1-foliolate, cori-
aceous, persistent, quite entire or crenulate ; stipule-like scales are often
present at the base of the petioles and spines, which belong to undeveloped
leaf-buds. Flowers axillary rarely terminal, fascicled or in short racemed
corymbs or panicles, rarely solitary. Calyx 3-5-lobed or -partite, rarely
irregularly split. Petals 3-5, free or adnate to the stamens and united with
them into a tube, imbricate. Stamens 6-8, rarely 15-20, inserted round an
annidar or cupular disk, filaments free or irregularly connate subequal or
the alternate shorter ; anthers short, ovate-oblong or base cordate (linear-
oblong in A. missionis). Ovary 2- or 4- rarely 3- or 5-celled ; style deci-
duous, stigma capitate ; ovules solitary or 2 collateral in each cell. Berry
large, subglobose, 1-5-celled, 1-5-seeded, rind thick. Seeds oblong ;
cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex. — Distkib. Species about 10, tropical
Asiatic and 1 Australian.
* AntJiers broadly ovoid. Chary sessile on a short disk ; stigma clavate.
t Calyx irregularly lohed, skylit to the base on one side.
1. A. monopliylla, Con-ea ; DC. Prodr. i. 535 ; leaflet elliptic or
ovate-oblong, tip obtuse or 2-lobed, flowers fascicled or shortly racemed,
512 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.)
calyx in flower or after it irregularly split to the base, margin erose
scarious, filaments monadelphous, ovary usually 4-celled, ovules 1 or 2.
W. & A. Frodr. 91 ; Wight III. i. 108; Wall. Cat. 6353; Oliv. in Joum,
Linn. Soc. v. Sujjpl. ii. 24 ; Dalz. d- Gihs. Bonib. Flor. 28 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. xlvi. t. 7, f. 5. A. floribunda, Wight. let. 1611. A. platystigma,
Wight lU. i. 108. Limonia monophylla, Linn. ; Roxh. Cor. PI. i. t. 82 ; Fl.
Ind. ii. 378. Turraea virens, UeUen. in Act. Holm. 1788, t. 10, f. i. {not of
Linn.). 'lYichilia spinosa, Willd. ; DC. Frodr. i 623. — Rheede Hoi't. Mai.
iv. t. 12 ; Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 65, £ i.
SiLHET, at the foot of the Khasia Mts., H. f. & T. ; throughout the Western
Peninsula, from the Concan and Coromandel southwards ; Ceylon, not uncommon
towards the N. of the Ishind.
A large glabrous shrub or small tree, with rigid flexuous woody branches (the tips
often pubescent), and usually strong axillary single spines. Leaflet 1-3 in,, ovate-
oblong or elliptic, obtuse, notched or 2-lobed at the tip, coriaceous, bright green, quite
entire ; petiole very short, often pubescent, stipular scales subulate. Flowers \-\ in.
diam., always fascicled in the leaf-axils, pubescent ; pedicels |-4 in., minutely brac-
teolate ; buds subglobose or pyriform. Calyx ruptuiing irregularly. Petals obovate-
oblong, obtuse. Filaments 8, rarely 5-7, connate into an irregularly cleft tube, which
is antheriferous at the top ; anthers broadly cvoid. Ovary sessile on a small disk,
3-5-celled. Berry as large as a nutmeg, globose, like a lime, usually 4-celled ; cells
1-seeded. — Roxburgh describes the flowers, as shortly racemose, and calyx as 4-5-parted,
which does not agree with our specimens from the Peninsula.
Var. macrophyUa, Oliv. I.e. ; leaves larger and broader, flowers racemose, pedicels
stout compressed (flowers not seen), — Tenasserim, Heifer.
Var, carissoides, Oliv. I.e. ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, pedicels longer hairy.
A. carissoides, Wall. Cat. 6354. — Segaen on the Irrawaddy, Wallich.
ft Calyx regularly or suhregularly 4-5-lobed.
2. A. racemosa* IF. d^ A. Frodr. 91 ; leaflet oblong elliptic or ovate
oblong, lip obtuse or 2-lobed, flowers racenied rarely fascicled, racemes
pubescent or glabrous, ciilyx 4-lobed, lobes acute or obtuse, filaments more
or less connate, ovary 2-3-celled, ovules 2 collateral. Oliv. in Jonm. Linn.
/Soc. V. Sffppl. ii. 24 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xlvi. A. capitellata, Lindl.
in Wall Cat. 6355. Sclerostylis racemosa, parvifolia and ovalifulia, Wight
III. i. 109. S. atalantioides, Wight Ic. 71. Lampetia (;«o< of W. d A. Frodr.)
racemosa, Roein. iSynops. fasc. L 42? Limonia ? niis.sionis. Wall. Cat. 6358 E.
Western Peninsula ; from the Concan to Travancor ; Cevlon, at Galagame,
Gardner.
A small tree, armed or unarmed, very similar to A. monophylla, but the flowers, in-
stead of being long pedicelled in short racemes or fascicles, are shortly pedicelled on
racemes sometimes 3 in, long, but at others almost reduced to corymbs; the leaves are
u.sually larger, and often broader, though quite small in Wight's figure ; the flowers are
of the same size, but often very crowded and the buds very globose, they are usually
4- but sometimi^s 3-5-merous, and the filaments are free or variously united ; the ovary
is sessile on a small disk, — The great distinction between these species is in the more
or less regularly 4- (3-5-) lobed calyx ot this, the lobes of which are acute or obtuse.
Fruit globose, f in, diam. One of Wight's specimens has ovate leaves, cordate at the
base. Wallich 's 6358 E, from Penang (G. Porter), in fruit only, with leaves cordate at
the base, may be this or the following, or something different from both.
3. A. ceylanica, Olir. in Jo>f?m. Linn. Soc. v. Snjypl. ii, 25 ; leaflet
obtuse notched or 2-lobed rarely obtusely acuminate, flowers very shortly
racemed, calyx 4-lobed, filaments free or 2 or 3 of them more or less com-
bined, ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 collateral. Thwaites Enum. 405; Bedd.
Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xlvi. Rissoa zeylanica, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat.
Atalantia.] xxxiii. rutace2E. (J. D. Hooker.) 513
Cur. xviii, 324. Sclerostylis zeylanica, Wight III. i. 109 ; Thwaites Enum. 46.
S. Arnottia^na, Wight III. I.e.
Western Peninsular Phoondah Ghat, in the Concan, Bitchie; Nilghiris, Beddome ;
Ceylon, common in the warmer parts of the island; ? Malacca, Griffith.
A bush or small tree, unarmed or armed with very straight spines, \-\ in. long.
Leaflet extremely variable, 1-7 in., elliptic-obloiig ovate-oblong obovate or almost lan-
ceolate, simply obtuse or with an emarginate or 2-lobed tip. Bacemes rarely exceeding
I in. Flowers quite similar to those of A. racemosa, and on equally short pedicels ;
buds globose. Ovary sunk in the annular disk. — The Malacca specimens have no
flowers, the leaf is 5-6 in., elliptic-lanceolate, more attenuate at the obtuse entire tip,
and the globose fruit | in. diam. when dry.
Var. rotundlfoUa, Oliv. I.e. ; Thwaites, Enum. 405 ; leaves rounded or obovate or
everi obcordate. Sclerostylis rotundifolia, Thwaites, I.e. 46. — Ceylon, at Maturatte,
alt. 4000 ft. and upwards, Thwaites.
4. A. caudata, Hook./.; leaflet elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate
with a broad 2-lobed tip, flowers small in very sliort glabrous racemes,
calyx very small 4-5lobed, ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 collateral. A. Eox-
burghiana, Ohv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 25. Limonia? caudata,
Wall. mss. in Herb. Hook.
Khasia Mts., at Churra, alt. 4000 ft., H.f.'S T. (Hort. Bot. Calc. Wallich).
A glabrous unarmed shrub, with slender branches. Leaflet 3-4 in., much narrower
and more narrowed at each end than in any congener, margin quite entire, tip some-
times dilated. Bacemes ^ in., peduncles and pedicels much more slender than in its
congeners. Flowers |-^ in. diam., white, fragrant, usually 4-merous, buds rather
longer than broad. Calyx very small. .Petals obovate-oblong. Stamens quite free ;
anthers ovoid. Ovary sessile on a disk narrower than itself; stigma siibcapitate. — A
very distinct species, distributed as S. Boxburghiana f by T. Thomson and myself.
5. A. Roxburg^hiana, Hook./, {not of Oliver) ; leaflet elliptic-lanceolate
acute, racemes axillary short few-flowered, calyx 4-lobed, filaments free,
ovary 2-celled. Arayris simplicifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 244. Sclerostylis
Eoxburghii Wight Ic. t. 72.
Penang, Boxburgh ; ? Malacca, Griffith.
Branches slender, apparently without spines. Leaflet 4-5 in., narrowed at both
ends, subacute, nerved exactly as in all its congeners {except L. missionis)\ petiole
\ in. Bacemes 1 in., 5-6-flowered. Flowers nearly | in. diam., buds globose. Calyx
obtusely 4-lobed. Petals obovate. Filaynents free short subulate ; anthers ovoid-oblong.
Ovary ovoid, apparently sessile ; the disk not being represented in Roxburgh's drawing
tapering into a toothed stigma (probably incorrectly figured) ; cells with 2 collateral,
ovules in each. Berry (in Griffith's specimen) globose, | in. diam. wben dry. — A -very
little known plant, of which there is a figure amongst Roxburgh's drawings (copied by
Wight in his Icones), and with which I provibionally identify a fruiting specimen of a
Malacca plant collected by Griffith.
■** A nthers linear-oblong. Ovary stipitale.
6. A. xnissionis, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl, 25 ; leaflet oblong-
obovate or elliptic opaque margin undulate when dry articulation obsolete
nerves very obscure, racemes very short, calyx 4-5-lobed, ovary usually
4-celled, stigma capitate, oviiles 2 collateral. Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Atial.
Gen. xlvi. Limonia missionis, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 291 ; Suppl.
t. xxxiii; Ic. t. 175; W. (p A. Prodr. 92. L. 1 missionis, Wall. Cat. 6358,
A, B, C. Chilocalyx ellipticus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. JVat. Mosc. 1863,
688.
Western Peninsula ; Redhills, .Madras, and other places on both sides of the Presir
dency. Ceylon, in the hotter parts.
VOL. L Ji L
/ 514 . XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Atalantia.
A small tree, head bushy ; branches green, terete, the old with long sharp- thorns,
the young with two axillary ones. Leaflet 2-4 in., very thick and coriaceous, tip
rounded, margin sometimes crenulate, both surfaces alike and of a very opaque and
ashy green when dry, with a few very obscure horizontal nerves not reticulated like the
other species, green mottled with white when fresh ; petiole \-^ in., with no trace of
articulation. Bacemes |-1^ in., glabrous, 6-8-flowered. Floaers pure white, ^-4 in.
diam., buds globose. Calyx very small, lobes acute. Petals obovate. Filaments
slender, quite free ; anthers obtuse. Ovary 4-5-celled, narrowed at the base, crowning
the disk; style cylindiic. Berry globose, upwards of 1 in. diam., 4-5-celled; cells
1-seeded, full of glutinous fluid, iiieeds oblong. — A very distinct and curious species,
the texture and nervation of the leaf difler wholly from its congeners, and resemble
those of Triphasia. Wight (from whom most of the above description is taken) states
that the ovarian cells have several ovules, but this is certainly an error,
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
A. ? BIL0CDLAKI8, Wall. Cat 6356 (see after Limonia).
21. CITZtVS, Linn. ' ^
Shrubs or trees, usually spinous. Leaver alternate, 1-foliolale, coriaceous,
persistent ; petiole often winged. Flowers axillary, solitary fascicled or in
small cymes, white or pinkish, sweet-scented. Calyx cupular or urceolate,
3-5-fid. Petals 4-8, linear-oblong, thick, imbricate.' iStameiis 20-()0, in-
serted round a large cupular or annular disk ; filaments variously connate,
compressed at the base; anthers oblong. Ovary 00 -celled; style stout
deciduous, stigma capitate; ovules 4-8, 2-seriate in each cell. Berry
large, oblong or globose, fleshy, many-celled, septa membranous, cells few-
seeded and filled with horizontal fusiform cells distended with juice.
iSeeds horizontal or pendulous, testa coriaceous or membranous; embryo
sometimes 2 or more in one seed, cotyledons plano-convex, often un-
equal, radicle small, superior. — Distrib. About 5 tropical Asiatic species,
and 2 Australian.
C. japonica, Thunb. (C. inermis, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 393), the Kumquat, is not cul-
tivated in India. I have followed Dr. Brandis's excellent work closely in regard to the
forms of this difticult genus.
1. C* medica, Linn. ; young shoots glabrous purple, leaflet glabrous,
flowers often unisexual, petals generally more or less pink, fruit globose
ovoid or oblong often mamillate at the apex.
,_^ Valleys along the foot of the Himalaya from Garwhal to Sikkim, ascending to
-*'»4000 ft.; the Khasia Mts. ; G arrow Mt.s,, Boxburgh; Chittagono, H. f. <& T. ;
untl the Western Ghats and Satpura range in Central India.
A shrub or small tree, flowering and fruiting at most seasons, growing where I found
it on steep hill sides (in iSikkim). Leaflet 3-6 in., elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate;
petiole naked or winged. Flowers 5-10 in a raceme, small or middle-sized. Stamens
20-40. — The following are the principal varieties, of which I have found one truly
wild in Sikkim, with an oblong leaflet 4 in. long,' margined petiole, |)ink flowers 1 in.
long, narrowly ellipsoid, rough fruit 7 in. long, of which the upper 2 in. are contracted
into a long conical mamilla, the rind is very thick, and pulp pale yellow. The petals
pass into stamens, which would suggest its not being indigenous, but 1 did not doubt
Its being so when 1 gathered it, mainly on dry sunny slopes totally unsuited for any
kind of cultivation, where it formed large bushes.
Var. 1. medica proper ; leaflet oblong, petiole short margined or not, flowers usually
numerous, fruit large oblong or obovoid, mamilla obtuse, rind usually warted thick
tender aromatic, pulp scanty subacid. Brandis For. Flor. 52. C. Aurantium car.
medica, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. medica, Li7in.; Wall. Cat. 6387; Lalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 13.— The Citron,
Oitrtis.] XXXIII. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 515
Vab. 2. Limoniim ; leaflet ovate, petiole margined or winged, fruit middle-sized
ovoid yellow mamillate, rind thin', pulp abundant acid. Brandis, I.e. 52. C. Auran-
tium var. Limonuni, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. Limonum, Wall. Cat. 6389 ; Dalz. &
Gibs. Bomb. M. /Suppl. 13. C. medica, Willd. according to Boxburgh Fl. Ind. iii. 392.
— The Lemon.
Vak. 3. acida; leaflet elliptic-oblong, petiole many-times shorter than the leaflet
linear or obovate, racemes short, flowers small, petals usually 4, fruit usually small
globose or ovoid, witli a thick or thin rind, pulp pale sharply acid. Brandis, I.e. 52.
C. acida, Boxb. Fl Jnd. iii. 390 (who includes under this the varieties, if not species,
of Sour Limes ^nd Lemons found in India). The large fruited states of this appear to
assume the form of the Citroh, and the small to approach the W. Indian Lime,
which is, however, described as a bush with white flowers. — The Sour Lime of India.
Var. 4. Limetta; leaves and flowers as in var. acida, fruit globose 3-5 in. diam.,
rind thin smooth, juice abundant sweet not aromatic, Brandis, I.e. 52. C. Aurantium
vars. Limetta and Lumia, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. Limetta, Risso ; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. FL Suppl. 13 ; Wight Ic. t. 958; Walt. Cat. 6385.— This includes 2 of Wight
& Arnott's varieties, viz., (1) C. Limetta, Kisso (Sweet Lime), with winged or margined
petioles, small white flowers, globose or ovoid mamillate fruit, and a rind with concave
vesicles. G. Limetta, DC. ; Wall. Cat. 6385. G. Limonellus, Wall. Cat. 6386 ? (2)
C. Lumia, Kisso (Sweet Lemon), with a simply margined petiole, flowers tinged with
red, ovoid-oblong fruit with a long mamilla, and rind with convex vesicles. — Wight
says that his C. Limetta is certainly indigenous at Kolagbery in the Nilghiris. — The
Sweet Lime of India.
2. C. Aurantium, Linn. ; arboreous rarely shrubby, young shoots
glabrous greenish white, leaflet elliptic or ovate acute obtuse or acumi-
nate, petiole often broadly winged, flowers pure white bisexual, fruit globose
generally oblate not mamillate.
Hot valleys along the foot of the Himalaya, from Garwhal eastwards to Sikkim, and
in the Khasia Mts.
A small slender tree, flowering in the rains, and fruiting after them, growing where
I have found it in the very bottoms of valleys, and where it did not occur to me to doubt
its being indigenous. The fruit was somewhat flattened or nearly globose, about 2 in.
diam. , high coloured, and uneatable, being (if I remember aright) mawkish and bitter.
The following are the principal cultivated varieties : — •
Var. 1. Aurantium proper ; petiole naked or winged, pulp sweet yellow rarely red.
Brandis, For. FL 53. C. Aurantium, L.; Roxb. FL Lnd. iii. 392 ; W. & A. Prodr,,
97 ; Wall Cat. 6390 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL Sup>pL 12. —The Sweet Orange.
Vak. 2. Bigaradia; petiole usually winged, flowers larger and more strongly scented,
rind very aromatic, pulp bitter. Brandis, I.e. b^. C. vulgaris, -Smo; W.dsA.Prodr.
97 ; Wall.^ Cat. 6384 ; Wt. le. t. 957. C. buxifolia, Pom— Wight & Arnott describe
its oil vesicles as concave, in contradistinction to C. Aurantium, in which they are
convex. This variety does not seem to be cultivated in India, except in gardens. —
The Bitter or Seville Orange.
Var, 3. Bergamia ; flowers small very ^sweet-scented, fruit globose or pyriform,
rind smooth pale-yellow, pulp acidulous with pleasant aroma. Brandis, I.e. 54. C.
Aurantium, var. Bergamia, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. Limetta var., DC. Prodr. i. 539.
Earely cultivated in India. — The Bergamotte Orange.
3. C. Kystrix, DO. Prodr. i. 539 ; young shoots glabrous, leaflet ovate
elliptic or lanceolate equalling or smaller than the very broad petiole,
flowers small white, fruit globose or obovoid. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xxxix. pt. 2, p. 70. Citrus Papeda^ Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 530.
C. latipes. Hook. f. ^ Tho-fns. Herb. Ind. Or. Papeda Rumphii, Oat. Hort.
Bog. 216.— Bumjjh. Herb. Amboin. ii. t. 26, f. 1 & 3, 27, 28.
Khasia Mts. ; in woods at the Living bridge, Moflong and Myrung, alt. 2-5000 ft.-
DisTRiB. Sumatra. ^^^
A very little-known plant described by Dec^dolj^^^ a plant in the Montpellier
LL2
lo nqng ana
)]|^^» a
516 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Citrus.
Botanic Gardens, without flower or fruit, and of which I have se^n diied specimens ; as
I have also flowering ones from the Mauritius Gardens, all named 0. Hiistrix. Kurz
has, no doubt rightly, identified Rumpli's figures quoted above with this plant. Distin-
guished from C. Aurantium by the spinous branchlels, large petioles, and small flowers
which are 4-petalouB. The fruit varies from the size of a walnut to that of a small
apple, it has a very thick more or less tubercled rind and insipid or acid pulp. Kurz,
probably by a misprint, describes the flowers as 4-5-androus, Miquel says 24-androu8;
I find in Mauritius specimens about 15 stamens.
4. C. decutnana, Linn. ; young shoots pubescent, leaflet large ovate-
oblong frequently emarginate pubescent beneath, petiole broadly w^nged,
flowers large white, stamens 16-24, fruit large pale globose or pyriform,
rind thick, pulp pale sweet or acrid. Hoxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 393 ; Dalz. d' Gibs.
Bomb. FL Suppl. 12 ; Wail. Cat. 6388.
Commonly cultivated in India. A native of the Malayan and Polynesian Islands.
A tree, 30-40 ft. Leaflets 6-9 in. 'Fruit often very large, pulp yellow pink or
crimson, sweet or acrid, vesicles distinct, — Shaddock, Pumelo, Pompelmoes.
22. FSaONXA, Gaertn.
A spinous tree. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite, sub-
sessile, quite entire ; petiole winged or uot. Flowers in terminal or lateral
loose panicles or racemes, polygamous. Calyx small^ flat, 5-to()thed, deci-
duous. Petals 5, rarely 4-6, spreading, imbricate. ^Stmneiis 1C)-12, a few
sometimes imperfect, inserted around a short disk, filaments dilated, sides
and front villous, tip subulate ; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary obhmg,
5-6-celled, at length 1-celled ; style 0, stigma oblong fusiform deciduous ;
ovules OD, crowded in many series upon 5-6 at length parietal j)lacentas.
Fruit large, globose, 1-celled, cc -seeded, bark woody rough. *yw(/s buried
in pulp, oblong, compressed ; cotyledons thick, fleshy, radicle pointing
away from the hilum.
1. F. Elephantum, Coirea; Roxb, Cor. PL t. 141 ; Flor, Ind. ii. 411 ;
W. d^ A. Prodr.m; Wt. Ic. t. 15; JJalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. FL 30; WalL
Cat 6380 ; Brandis For. Flor. 56. Crataeva Vallanga, Koenig viss.
Throughout India, in dry situations, from the Pan.ia« eastward and southward to
Ceylon; wild or cuUivated, ascending to 1500 ft. in the VV. Himalayas.
A small deciduous glabrous tree, head ovoid. .Leaves smelling of aniseed ; spines
Bti'ong straight axillary. Z^ea/?cf« 5-7, cuneate of obovate, tip crenate. Flowers ^'m.
diani., dull-red, <J and 9 often in the same panicle; peduncle and pedicels pubescent.
Fruit 24 in. diam., pulp edible. — The Elephant or Wood-apple.
23. HSSXiS, Correa.
Spinous trees. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate ; leaflets membranous, sub-
crenulate. Flotvers large, white, in axillary panicles. Calyx small,
4-5-toothed, deciduous. Petals 4-5, spreading, imbricate. Stamens nume-
rous, inserted round an inconspicuous disk, filaments short subulate;
anthers elongate, erect. Ovary ovoid, axis broad, cells 8-20, peripheral ;
style short, i^tigma capitate oblong or fusiform deciduous, ovules numerous
2-seriate. Fruit large, globose, ovoid or reniforra, 8-15-celled ; cells many-
seeded, rind woody. Seeds numerous, in aromatic pulp, oblong, com-
pressed, testa woolly and mucous.— Distkib. Species 2-3, tropical Asiatic
and African.
1. /i.. r.Tarm3los, Correa: Roxb. Cor. PL t. 143; FL Ind. ii. 579;
W. d: A. Prodr. 96 j Wight" Ic. t. 16 ; Beddome FL Sylv. 1. 161 ; Wall. Cat
JEffle,] XXXIII. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 517
6379 ; Dalz. <k Gils. Bomb. Flor. 31 ; Brandis For. Flor. 57. Feronia
pellucida, Roth. Nov. Sj). 384. Crataeva Marmelos, Linn. C. religiosa,
Ainslie Mat. Med. Ind. {fid. Wight) not of Vahl. — RheedeHort. Mai. iii, t. 35.
Throughout India, in dry hilly places, from the Jhelum to Assam and southwards to
Travancor ; wild or cultivated, ascending to 4000 ft. in the W. Himalaya.
A small deciduous glabrous tree ; spines 1 in., straight, strong, axillary. Leaflets
3-5, ovate-lanceolate, lateral sessile, terminal, long-petioled. Flowers 1^ in. diam,,
greenish-white, sweet-scented ; pedicels and calyx pubescent. Filaments sometimes
fascicled. Fruit 2-5 in. diam., globose oblong or pyriform, rind grey or yellow ; pulp
sweet, thick, ofange-coloured. — A species or variety with oblong fruit is grown in Birma,
of which I have seen the fruit only. — The Bael tree.
(
At p. ?)C^?> Dr. ]\TaKtcrs has referred Heritiera attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1140, to Rutacecp,
as a species of Niota. That genus is however now merged in Samadera in Sima-
rubecR. WaUich's plant, of which the specimens are imperfect, may be certainly \(ien-
ti&ed with Broumtowia lanceolata, Benth. Steudel, quoting from Wall. Cat. p. 157,
the ras. name Niota f polyandra, has misread the authority H. Ham. (Herb. Ham.) as
W. & A., and has further referred the plant to Vittmannia.
Order XXXIV. SIMARUBE^. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.)
Trees or shrubs, almost always with bitter bark. Leaves alternate, often
very large, pinnate or rarely simple ; stipules or deciduous. Lnfiorescence
axillary, racemose paniculate or cymose, rarely spicate. Flowers usually,
diclinous, regular, and generally small. Calyx 3-5-lobed, valvate or im-
bricate. Petals 3-5, very rarely 0, hypogynous, valvate or imbricate. Disk
annular or elongate, simple or lobed, rarely 0. Stamens as many or twice as
many as the petals, rarely indefinite, inserted at the base of the disk ; fila-
ments free, often with a scale at the base ; anthers oblong, usually introrse,
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary free, 1-6-celled, usually deeply
lobed, less often entire ; styles 2-5, free or more or less united, stigmas
capitate ; ovules usually solitary in each cell, rarely more numerous, raphe
ventral, micropyle superior. Fruit drupaceous, capsular, or occasionally
samaroid, usually of 2-6 distinct carpels. Seeds usually solitary, erect or
pendulous, albuminous ; embryo straight or curved, radicle superior. —
DiSTRiB. Tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres ; genera 30 ;
species about 120.
Tribe I. Eusixnarubeae. Ovary deeply divided.
Ovules solitary in each cell.
Stamens twice as many as petals.
Leaves pinnate ; fruit samaroid 1. Ailantl'S.
Leaves simple ; fruit drupaceous, variously winged .... 2. SAMArr.nA.
Stem spiny ; filaments with a scale ; fruit baccate 3, IlAiuti.'iV.NK^.
Stamens as many as petals.
Disk thick, entire ; flowers panicled ; styles connate .... 4. Picrasma.
Disk 4-lobed ; flowers compoundly cymose ; styles nearly free . 5. Bkucka.
Disk ; flowers panicled ; styles connate 6. Ki;uYt;oMA.
Ovules 2 in each cell ; leaves simple 7. Suriana.
Tribe IL Ficramniese. Ovary entire ; 2-5-celled.
Ovary 2-celled ; leaves simple 8. Irvingia.
Ovary 5-celled ; stem spiny ; leaves 2-foliolate 9. Balanites.
618 xxxiv. siMARUBEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Ailantus.
1. AZZ.ANTUS, Desf.
Lofty trees. Leaves very large, alternate, unequally pinnate. Flowers
small, polygamous, bracteolate, in terminal or axillary panicles. Calyx
5-fid ; lobes equal, imbricate. Petals 5, valvate. Bisk 10-lobed. Stamens
10 (in the hermaphrodite flowers 2-3) ; filaments short or filiform, without
scales. Ovary 2-5-partite; styles connate; ovules 1 in each cell, semi-
anatropous. Fruit of 1-5 1-seeded samaras ; wing very large, membranous.
Seed, pendulous, sparingly albuminous. — DiSTRia India, China, Australia ;
species 3-4.
A.' GLANDULOSA, Desf. / DC. Prodr. ii. 89 ; leaves pubescent or sub-
glabrous, leaflets very coarsely toothed at the base, filaments elongate.
Brandis Fm\ Flor. 58.
Northern India, probably introduced. — Distrib. China.
A lofty tree. Leaves often exceeding 1 ft. ; leaflets very numerous, divided verj^ un-
equally by the midrib, paler beneath. Flowers small, in much-branched panicles.
Filaments filiform, exserted, several times exceeding the anther. Fruit of about 3
membranous Hnear^blong samaras, about 1 J by ^ in. Seed near the centre of the
samara, about 4 by -|^ in.
1. A. ezcelsa, KoxK C(yr. PI. i. t 23 ; Fl. Ind. ii. p. 450 ; leaves
glandular-hairy, leaflets very coarsely toothed, filaments short, samara
large red twisted. DC. Prodr. ii. 89: W. d' A. Prodr, 150: Wi{fht Jll. i.
t. 67; Gra/i. Cat. Bomb. PI. 37; Dalz. <i; Gibs. Bomb. Fl. .46; Wall.
Cat. 8481 ; Brandis For. Flor. 58.
N. W. India (probably introduced) ; Behar, and Western Peninsdla.^Distrib,
Queensland (var. imherhijlora).
A tree 60-80 ft. Leaves 1 ft. or more ; leaflets very numerous, on long petioles, very
unequal at the base. Flowers larger than in A. glandulosa, on longish pedicels, in large
lax often very much-branched panicles. Petals ovate-lanceolat-e, commonly reflexed.
Filaments half the length of the anther. Samara larger than in A. glandulosa, 2 in.
by 4 in., strongly veined, blunt or pointed at both ends, copper-red, always once or twice
twibted at the base.
2. A. xnalabarica, DC. Prodr. il 89 ; leaflets almost entire nearly
glabrous on long petioles very unequal at the base, filaments filiform,'
samara large rounded, W. (t' A. Prodr. 150; Wight let. 1604; Jlnoaiies
En am. 69 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 37 ; Dalz. d' Gibs'. Bomk Fl. 46 ; Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. t. 122 ; Brandis For. Flor. 6^—PJieede Uort. Mai. vi. t. 15.
Western Peninsula, in Canara, &c. ; Ceylon, near Colombo, and district of the
Seven C'orles. — Distrib. Cochin China.
A lofty tree. Leaves very large ; leaflets distant, coriaceouB, much lighter beneath ,
the two sides very unequal, margin often thickened and wavy. Flowers as in A. excelsa,
but rather larger, and filaments very slender, exserted, many times longer than the
anther. Samara broadly linear, '2^ by 4 in,, reddish, not twisted, rounded at both ends.
2. SAMADERA, Gsertn.
Larger or smaller glabrous trees. Leaves simple. Flowers hermaphrodite,
in peduncled axillary or terminal umbels. Calyx small, 3-5-partite, im-
bricate. Petals 3-5, much longer than calyx, coriaceous, imbricate. Disk
large, conical. Stamens 8-10, included in the corolla, with a small scale at
the base. Carpels 4-5, distinct, free ; styles free at the bjisc, more or less
united above, stigmas acute ; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit of 1-5
large dry compressed 1-seeded drupes, each with a narrow unilateral wing.
—Distrib. Tropical Asia and Madagascar. Species 3.
Samadera!\ xxxiv. siMARUBEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 619
1. S. indica, Gcertn. Frut. ii. t. 156; leaves elliptic-lanceolate fleshy,
unihols many -flowered on very long peduncles equalling the leaves,, fruit
.coriaceous glabrous smooth or slightly reticulated. Wight HI. t. 68 ; W.(& A.
Prodr. 151 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 37 ; Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 7 ; Planch, in
Hook. Land. Journ. Bat. v. 562 ; Thwaites Enum. 70. Niota pentapetala,
Poir. in Lamk. Diet. iv. 490 ; JJC. Prodr. i. 592. N. tetrapetala, Lamk. HI.
t. 299, p. 436 ; Poir. in Lamk. Diet. iv. 490 ; Blanc. Flor. Filip. ed. 2,
p. 213; Wall. Cat. 6349. N. Lamarckiana, Blume Bijd. 251, 260. Vitt-
mannia elliptica, Vahl Symb. iii. t. 62. Manungala pendula, Blanc. Flor.
Filip. p. S06.—Pheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 18.
Western Peninsula ; throughout the S, Concan, and Malabar. Ceylon, not un-
common in the South of the Island.
A small tree, 30-35 ft., with stout branches. Leaves 8 by 3 in. or larger, blunt, with
short thick petioles. Flowers numerous, shortly stalked, in dense umbels. Calyx small,
thick, ciliated, persistent in fruit. Petals narrowly oblong, often apiculate. Stamens
twice as many as petals ; filaments very long, with a scale at the base. Ovary
usually 4-celled. Fridt oval, 1^ by 1 in. — There appears to be no reason for identifying,
with Lamk. and DC, this with the Madagascar species.
2. S. lucida, Wall. Cat. 1062; and Plant. As. Ear. ii. t. 168; peduncle
of umbel shorter than the leaves, fruit strongly reticulated. Planch, in
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 562. Niota , lucida, \Vcdl. PI. As. Par. ii. t. 168.
Vitfmannia lucida, Steud. Nom.
Tenasserim, Wallich; Andaman Islds., Heifer.
Very nearly allied to S. indica, and perhaps only a variety. Leaves a paler green,
sorfietimes larger and with longer petioles. Umbels sometimes almost sessile. Fruit
smaller, pear-shaped, dark-brown, glabrous, with a very narrow wing.
^ 3. KARXtlSONIA, Brown.
Glabrous spiny shrubs. Leaves unequally pinnate or 1-foliolate.
Flowers hermaphrodite, in bracteate cymes. Cabjaj small, 4-5-fid. Petals
4-5, longer than calyx. Lisk hemispherical. Stamens 8-10, with small
scales at the base, Ovarij globose or 4-5-lobed, 4-5-celled ; styles connate
or distinct at the base ; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a small globose
berry. Seed solitary, sparingly albuminous. — DistriBp Tropical Asia,
Australia, and Africa. Species 3-4.
' Oliver {Flor. Trap. Afr. i. 311) has shown that the affinities of this genus are rathfgr /^
^ith this tribeo^ the Oraer ib^n with Picramnieoi, in which it is usually placed.^6**"*^ A^^
'^^n^. BemStliT Hook f. in Gen. Plant, i. 314 ; leaflets 5-9 entire or
5tii, Hook.f.
crenate, calyx f)ersistent, filaments glabrous with a hairy scale at the base,
styles completely united hairy. Lasiolepis paucijuga and multijuga, Benn.
PI. Jav. Ear. 202, t. 42. L. Bennetii, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.
V. 570.
Birma . and Pegu, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Java, Philippines, Siam, S. China,
Africa (?)
A woody shrub, with sharp short recurved spines (stipules ?), especially on the lower
part of the branches. Leaflets ovate, glabrous ; racbis broadened and even winged and
articulated between the leaflets. Cymes terminal, 8-20-flowered. (7a/?/.r-segment8
very small. Petals lanceolate, glabrous. Filaments Xou^ev than petals, 5 rather shorter
than the other 5. Berry formed of 2-5 carpels, surrounded by the pert^istent calyx. —
A specimen in the Hookerian Herbarium trom Madura, " Herb. Hort. Bot. Calc. No.
1794," with the leaves 3-foHolate, appears distinct
Kurz {Andam. Rep. App. iv.) reports H. Brownii (?) a Philippine species, from
" Bird-Nest Cape, obserVed nowhere else, specimens lost.'
530 XXXIV. siMARUBEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Picrasma.
4. PICRASMA, Blume.
Trees or shrubs vdih. very bitter properties. Leaves very large, unequally
pinnate. Floivers small, diclinous or polygamous, in axillary panicles.
Calyx very small, 4-5-tootlied. Petals 4-5, valvate, very often increasing
after flowering. Disk thick, entire. Stamens 4-5, not scaly, hairy. Ovary
3-5-partite, free ; styles distinct at the base and apex, but united in the
middle, stigmas simple ; ovules erect, solitary. Fruit of 1-3 fleshy or
coriaceous drupes. Seed erect, albuminous. — Disteib. India, Archipelago,
China, Japan, West Indies, Brazil. Species about 6.
1. P. quassioldes, Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 198 ; leaflets numerous obovate
acuminate serrate, flowers polygamous in pubescent panicles, calyx- seg-
ments petals and stamens 5, petals persistent in female and hermaplirodite
flowers, filaments strap-sbaped equalling the petals villous. Planch, in
Hook. Land. Joum. Bot, v. 573; Wall. Cat. 8506. Simaba quassioides,
Ham. in Don Prodr. 248. Nima quassioides, Ham. viss.
Subtropical Himalaya; from Jamu to Nu»al, ascending to 8000 ft. in Gabwhal ;
Bhotan, Griffith. — Distrib. S. Cbina.
A large scrambling shrub, with stout often spotted branches and very bitter bark.
Leaves a foot or more long, of 9-15 leaflets, the lowest pair much smaller and stipuli-
fonu. Flawers green. CWj/.r-segments small, imbricate. Petals ovate or obovate,
fiuch enlarged and coriaceous in fruit. Fruit of 3-5 rather membranous drupes, about
he size of a pea, each containing 1 erect seed.
2. P. javanlca, Blume Bijd. p. 248 ; leaflets 3-7 elliptic-oblong abruptly
obtu-^ely acuminate quite glabrous, margins flat quite entire, tips not above
]^\ the length of the blade, flowers 4-merous. Benn. Flor. Jav. 197, t. 41 ;
Planch, in Hook. Loud. Joum. Bot. v. 573.
Malacca, Maivgay. — Distrib. Java.
A moderate- sized tree, of which there are two fornis (or species) in Java — one with
elliptic oblong leaflets and a slightly pubescent panicle, and with which the Malacca
specimens agree ; the other with more obovate leaflets and a glabrous panicle.
Yar.? mishmiensis ; leaflets 5-9, elliptic oblong more coriaceous, drupes larger, ^ in.
diam. — Mishmi hills near Jingsha, Griffith.
3. P. nepalensis, Benn. Flor. Jav. 201 ; leaflets 5-7 elliptic-lanceolate
caudate-acuminate quite glabrous, margins waved or wrinkled quite entire,
tips i— 3 the length of the blade, flowers 4-merous. Planch, in Hook. Lond.
Joum. Bot. V. 573. Brucea? Wall. Cat. 7499. B. dubia, St£ud. Nom. — Inde-
terminata, Wall. Cat. 9037 {see under 8500).
^ Nii-AL, Wallich; Khas'm Mts., De Silva, Griffith. *^^^^
A smaller and narrower leafleled plant than P. javanica, with lo'nge? 'points to the
leaves which have wrinkled white edges when dry ; lue branches of the panicle are more
slender and the anthers laigcr.
4. P. andaxnanica, Furz Andam. Rejh Ajrp. iv. ; leaflets elliptic-
oblong rounded at the base, abruptly obtusely acuminate quite entire,
flowers 4-merous, petals glandular.
South Andaman Islands, Kvrz.
A tree with very smooth branches, closely resembling P. javanica. Leaflets vari-
able in number, 5 by 2^ in., thinner, and scarcely thickened at the margin, much more
rounded at the base and often uneqnilateral. Panicle rather lax, perfectly glabrous.
One or more oi the petals of the male flowers with two large glandular dots. Frvit un-
known.
5. BRUCEA, MiU.
Bitter trees or shrubs. Leaves very large, unequally pinnate. Flowers
very small, in very numerous very small cymes collected into axillary
Brucea.] xxxiv. simarube^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 521
panicles. Calyx minute, 4-partite, imbricate. Petals 4, minute, linear,
imbricate. Disk 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted beneath the disk ; filaments
naked. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, or consisting of 4 entirely free carpels.
Drupes 4, entirely free, ovoid, somewhat fleshy. Seed solitary, exalbu-
minous. — Disteib. Africa, Tropical Asia, Australia ; species 6.
1. 8. suxnatrana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 449 ; leaves very large, leaflets
numerous very coarsely toothed villous beneath, panicles very long com-
pound, flowers usually hermaphrodite, filaments short. DC. Prodr. ii. 88 ;
Wall. Cat. 8482 ; Blume Bijd. 1167.
Assam; Eastern Peninsula; in Tenasserim and the Andaman Islds., Heifer;
Sincapore, Wallich. — Distrlb. Borneo, Sumatra, Java-, Philippines, South China,
Australia.
A shrub with bitter and somewhat foetid properties. Leaves often more than a foot
long, covered with a dense yellow pubescence, especially on the veins, &c. beneath,
the lowest leaflets sometimes compound. Panicles axillary ; rachis greatly elongated,
yellow-pubescent; the minute /oM;er.s collected into small rather distant stalked cymes.
Calyx very minute. Petals larger than the calyx-segments, linear-spathulate. Stamens
not exceeding petals in length. Drupes ^-g in., black, glabrous, reticulated.
2. B. mollis, Wall. Cat. 8483 ; leaflets numerous lanceolate-acute entire
usually pubescent, racemes compound, drupes ovoid. Kurz in Joum. As.
Soc. Beng. xlii. pt. ii. p. 64.
Subtropical Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 3-6000 ft., Griffith, and
SiLHET, Wallich.
A bitter shrub. Leaflets larger than in B. sumatrana, 3 by 2 in., from pubescent to
nearly glabrous. Panicles axillary; rachis pubescent or nearly glabrous; secondary
cymes-i often many-flowered. Petals linear, longer than the stamens. Drupes much
larger than in B. sumatrana, ^-^ in., brown, glabrous, scarcely reticulated.
6. EITRVCOPCA, Jack.
Small trees, with bitter bark. Leaves very large, unequally pinnate, with
entire leaflets. Flowers polygamous, in much-branched subterrainal hairy
panicles. Calyx minute, 5-toothed, valvate. Petals 5, induplicate-valvate.
Disk 0. Stamens in male and hermaphrodite flowers 5, smaller in the
latter ; filaments attached to the base of the petals. Ovary 5-partite, free ;
styles 5, connate, stigmas distinct. Drupes 3-5, stipitate. Seed solitSiTy, pendu-
lous, exalbuminous. — Disteib. Malacca, Archipelago, Philippines. Species 2.
1. E. long>ifolia, Jack, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 307 ; leaflets elliptic
acute, panicles glandular-hairy, calyx-segments glandular, petals ovate-
lanceolate, filaments appendiculate. DC. Prodr. ii. 86 ; Wall. Cat. 8522;
Planch, in Hook. Loud. Joum. Bot. v. 584. E. merguensis, Planch. I.e.
E. tavoyana. Wall. Cat. 8523.
Tenasserim, Parish, and the Andaman Islds., Heifer, to Malacca, Penang, and
Singapore. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines.
A tree with bitter properties. Leaves a foot or more long, with a large number of
coriaceous (often not opposite) leaflets, much paler beneath. Panicles large, spreading,
and much-branched ; rachis and pedicels covered with a rufous glandular pubescence.
Petals 4 times as long as calyx-segments, ^ by ^ in. broad, very finely pubescent
within and without. Filaments broad, half as long as the petals, glabrous, with a
ligulate ciliated appendage at the base. Drupes hard, ovoid, 4 in- long, ^ in. broad. —
I am unable to distinguish the specimen of Planchon's E. merguensis in the Hookeriau
Herbarium by the alleged character of the filaments ; otherwise it precisely resembles
the type.
522 XXXIV. 8IMARUBE2E. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Eurycoma.
2. E. aplculata, A. W. Bennett; leaflets elliptic apicnlate, panicles
slightly hairy, calyx hairy without, petals ligulate, filaments not appen-
diculate.
Penang, Maingay.
Leaves very long ; leaflets ending in an abrupt point, dotted on the lateral veins be-
neath. Panicles denser than in E. longifolia; the rachis and pedicels slightly hairy.
Cw/yx-segments not ciliate. Petals very narrow, 1 lin. long, h lin. broad, glabrous.
Filaments very short, ^-^ as long as the petals, glabrous. Emit unknown.
7. SURZANA, Linn.
An insipid littoral shrub. Leaves simple, entire, i^/ot^ers hermaphrodite,
conspicuous. Calyx 5-partite, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, imbricate.
Disk inconspicuous. Stamens 10, unequal in length, 5 sometimes barren.
Ovary of 5 free carpels ; styles basilar, filiform ; ovules 2 in each carpel,
lateral. Fruit consisting of 5 or fewer carpels covered by the persistent
calyx, each 1-seeded, indehiscent. Seed ascending, exalbuminous.
1. S. maritlma, Linn. Gen. No. 681 : DC. Prodr. ii. 91 : W. <6 A. Prodr.
361.
Throughout the tropical shores of India. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan.
Branches thick, covered with a velvety pubescence. Leaves about 1 in. long, linear-
spathulate, obtuse, velvety. Flowers l-^ in. across, terminal, hidden by the leaves.
Petals i by ^ in. long, e(jualling the calyx, ovate-acute, yellow.
8. ZRVINGZA, Hook. f.
Glabrous insipid trees. Leaves simple, coriaceous, entire, with deciduous
stipules. Flowers hermaphrodite, in axillary panicles, ebracteate. Calyx
small, 4-5-partite, imbricate. Petals 4-5, iuibricate. Disk very large,
cushion-shaped and folded. Stamens 10, inserted beneath the disk, fila-
ments long, slender. Ovary conical, compressed, 2-celled, entire ; style
simple, terminal; ovules solitary. Fruit large, drupaceous, 1-seeded.
Seed pendulous, exalbuminous.— DiSTRiB. Species 3-4 ; all but the fol-
lowing Tropical African.
1. Z. malayana, Oliver^ ms.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branches striated, glabrous, annulated at or near the nodes. Leaves large and thick,
4 by 2 in., elliptic, acute, quite entire, petiolate, base rounded and somewhat unequal.
Flowers small, hermaphrodite, in axillary racemes or panicles. Calyx persistent ;
lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes, reflexed after flowering.
Filaments as long as the petals. Ovary conical, rising from the centre of a very large
disk and narrowing into a terminal style.
9. BAZ.ANZTZ:S, Delile.
Spiny shrubs or trees. Leaves coriaceous, 2-foliolate, entire. Flower^
green, in small axillary cymes. (7rt/y.x-segments 5, imbricate, deciduous.
Petals 5, imbricate. Disk thick, conical, entire. Ovary entire, globose,
1-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a large fleshy oily 1-seeded
drupe. Seed pendulous, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Tropical and Northern
Africa, Syria, and W. Asia ; species 2 (?).
1. B. Zlozburgrhii, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, il 258; petals
velvety. Brandis. For. Flor. 59. B. segyptiaca, Wall. Cat. 6855 ; Grah. Cat.
Bomb. PL 23 ; Wight Ic. t. 274. Ximenia segyptiaca, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 253,
Drier parts of India from Cawnpore to Sikkim, Behab, Goozeeat, Kandeish, and
the Deccan ; Biema, Griffith.
Balanites,] xxxiv. siMARUBEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 523
A small tree, 20 ft. high, with glabrous or puberulous branches ending in very strong
sharp ascending spines. Leaves of two elliptical or obovate puberulous entire coriaceous
leaflets. C't^mes 4-1 0-flowered. >iS'epafe and ^e^a^s ovate, velvety-pubescent. Filaments
filiform- subulate. Fruit large, woody, angular, more than an inch long. — Very nearly
allied to, and perhaps only a variety of, the B. cegyptiaca of northern and tropical
Africa.
Order XXXV. OCHNACE^. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.)
Glabrous trees or shrubs, with watery juice. Leaves alternate, simple,
(very rarely pinnate) coriaceous ; stipules 2. Inflorescence panicled or occa-
sionally umbellate (rarely flowers solitary), bracteate. Flowers hermaphro-
dite, conspicuous. iSepals 4-5, free, imbricate, persistent. Fetah 5, rarely
4 or 10, free, hypogynous, imbricate, longer than the sepals, deciduous.
Bisk enlarged after flowering, occasionally 0. Stamens 4, 5, 8, 10, or inde-
finite, inserted on the disk ; filaments persistent ; anthers basifixed, some-
times deciduous, dehiscing longitudinally, or often opening by terminal
pores. Ovanj short, 2-celled or elongate and 1-10-celled ; placenta axile or
parietal; style simple, subulate, acute, rarely divided at the extremity,
stigmas simple, terminal ; ovules 1-2 in each cell or indefinite, ascending
or rarely pendulous, raphe ventral, micropyle superior. Fruit indehiscent,
drupaceous or baccate, compound, each drupe or pyrene 1-4-seeded ; or
capsular and 1-5-celled with septicidal dehiscence. Seeds solitary, few, or
numerous ; albumen fleshy or ; embryo straight or rarely curved,
radicle superior or inferior. — Distrib. Tropical regions of both hemispheres,
chiefly American ; species about 150.
Tribe I. OclineeB. Ovary 2-10-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell.
Seeds exalbuminous.
Stamens co ; flowers paniculate 1. Ochna.
Stamens 10; flowers paniculate or umbellate 2. Gomphia.
Sepals, petals, and stamens 4 3. Tetramerista.
Tribe II. Euthexnideee. Ovary semi-5-ceUed ; ovules 2 in each cell.
Seeds albuminous.
Stamens 5, with alternate staminodes 4. Euthemis.
^ 1. OCKNA, Linn.
Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, serrate, rarely entire,
2-stipulate. Flowers large, yellow, in bracteat* panicles or umbels.
Sejmls 5, coloured, persistent. Petals 5-10, deciduous. Bisk thick, lobed.
Stamens oo , shorter than the petals, filaments short or elongated ; anthers
opening longitudinally, deciduous. Ovary deeply 3-10-lobed, lobes
1 -celled ; styles entirely connate or distinct at the apex : ovules solitary
in each cell, axile. Fruit of 3-10 drupes seated on the broad disk. Seed
erect, albuminous. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and Africa ; species about 25.
1. O. squarrosa, Linn. ; BC. Prodr. i. 735 ; leaves from narrowly
oblong to oblong-ovate or obovate, acute obtuse or mucronate, finely serrate,
flowers fragrant, petals 7-12 (rarely 5), anthers very long deciduous, with
very short persistent filaments, styles united to the apex. Koxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 643 ; Cor. PI. i. t. 89 ; Wight III. i. t. 69 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 37 ;
Bah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 17. O. lucida, Lamk. III. t. 472, f. i. ; BC.
I.e. ; Plandi. in Hook, Joum. Bot. v. 649 ; Griff. Not. iv. 464, t. 605, f. vi.
O. nitida, TJmnb. ; BC. I.e. ; Planch. I.e. 650 {not of Wall). O. rufescens (?)
Thunb. l.c, ; Thw. Eniim. 70. O. obtusata, BC. I.e. 735 j Wall. Cat. 2805.
524 XXXV. ocHNACEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Ochna.
SiLHET ; BiRMA ; Pegu ; Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Ceylon.
Leaves very various in size and shape ; stipules ^-\ in. Flowers ^-f in- across, in
loose axillary "panicles. Petals not much longer than the sepals, clawed. Anthers many
times longer than the very short filaments. Sti/le greatly exceeding the stamens. Drupes
^ in. long, seated on the greatly enlarged disk, and surrounded by the persistent coria-
ceous calyx. — Griffith's 0. liunda is described as having 5 petals, but is apparently the
same plant.
Var. cordata; leaves much smaller cordate at the base and rounded at the apex
more sharply serrate. 0. cordata, Thw. Enum. 70. — Ceylon.
2. O. Wallichil, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot, v. 050 ; leaves
oblong-elliptic very finely serrate, petals 5, anthers not longer than the fila-
ments, styles united nearly to apex. O. nitida. Wall. Cat. 2804 (wo^ of
Thunb.). O. stipulacea (]), Colehr. nis. ; Wall. Cat. 2806 ; Planch, in Hook.
Lmid. Journ. Bot. v. 653. O. squarrosa, Kurz Arulam. Rep. App. iv. {not of
Linn.). O. andaraanica, ICurz Rep. And. ed. ii. 33, and in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xli. pt. 2, 295.
Tenasserim, Tavoy, the Andaman Islands, and Pegu.
Leaves 4 by 1^ in. or larger, acute, very shortly petioled; stipules very minute.
Flowers on very long pedicels, in loose axillary panicles. Sepals ovate or lanceolate,
generally reflexed after flowering. Petals somewhat longer than the sepals. Anthers
elongated, but rather shorter than the very slender persistent filaments. Styles greatly
exceeding the stamens.
Var. 2)firv)Jlora ; flowers much smaller. 0. parviflora, Griff, Not. iv. 464. — Moul-
mein, Qrijfith.
3. O. 'Wig-htlana, Wall. Cat. 2808; leaves elliptical to ovate base
rounded subcordate subobtuse coriaceous serrulate, flowers solitary or in
pairs or rarely 3, petals 5, anthers about as long as the filaments, style
5-cleft at the apex. W. <!b A. Prodr. 152; ThwaUes Enum. 70; Wight Ic.
t. 223 (?) ; Planch, in Hook. I^ond. Journ. Bot. v. 653. O. Heyneana, W. di^ A.
I.e. ; Planch. I.e. 653. O. Walkerii, Planch. I.e. 0. parvilolia, Vahl % Wall.
Cat. 2807. O. Moonii, Thivaites Enum. 70.
Travancor, Wight; warmer parts of Ceylon.
Leaves much smaller than in 0. squarrosa and Wallichii, 1-1^ by ^| in., but often
narrower, very shortly stalked ; stipules very slender, ^^ i^- Floicers axillary, usually
solitary, smaller than in the two species named. Sepals usually reflexed after flowering.
— In Moonii, Thw., the miniber of flowers in a cluster is larger. — Ochna par ni-
folia, Vahl Symb. i. 33 ; DC. Mon. Och. 17, t. xix. f. 2 ; Prodr. i. 736, from Arabia
Felix, much resembles and may even be identical with a small-leaved form of this species.
Var. angustifolia ; leaves naiTowly elliptical tapering to either end.
4. O. puxnlla, Ham. in Don Prodr. 224 ; leaves very large more or less
broadly oblanceolate serrulate, flowers very large and handsome, anthers
longer than filaments, style undivided. DC. Prodr. i. 736 ; Planch, in Hook.
Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 652. O. nana. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3761 ; Dak. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 46. O. humili.s, Wall. Cat. 3762. O. coUina, Edgew. in Trans.
lAnn. Soc. xx. p. 43. ? O. fruticulosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli.
pt. 2, 295.
Foot of the Himalaya, from Kumaon, Edgeworth, to Sikkim, /. D. H. ; Pegu, Kurz ;
South Concan, Dalz. & Gibs.
A small shrub, 1-3 ft. (?). Leaves often as much as 6 in. by 2 in., narrowed below
and very shortly petioled, acute or obtuse, very sharply serrulate; stipules \-^ in.
Flowers umbellate, 3-6 at the end of a common peduncle, as much as 14 in. across ;
pedicels ^-1 in. ; common peduncle 3 in. long, bracteate at the base. Sepals
ovate, 2-3 times shorter than the petals. Filaments short, surmounted by the elon-
gated anthers. Styles elongate, connate or very slightly divided at the apex. Drupes
finely reticulated. — I am unable to distinguish Kurz's 0. frutindosa from Pegu by the
description. The Concan habitat is taken from the liombay Flora.
Ochna.] xxxv. ochnace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 505
5. (?) O. brevipes, Planck, in Rook. Lond. Jour. Bot. v. 652 ; flowers
nearly sessile in compound fascicles, anthers somewhat longer than the
filaments, styles undivided.
Pegu.
Leaves unknown, deciduous. Flowers \-% in. across. Sepals elliptical. Petals 5,
obovate, suddenly narrowed into a claw. Styles about as long as stamens.
2. GOMPKZA, Schreb.
Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate shining, 2-stipulate. Flowers
yellow, in axillary or terminal racemes or umbels. Sepals 5, coloured,
persistent. Petals 5, imbricate. Disk thick, lobed. Stamens 10, inserted
at the base of the disk, filaments very short ; anthers opening by terminal
pores. Ovary deeply 5-6-lobed, lobes 1-celled ; styles connate, stigma
simple ; ovules solitary in each cell, erect. Drupes 5 or fewer, seated on a
broad disk, 1-seeded. ^S^eec^ erect, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Chiefly tropical
South American ; a few are Asiatic and African ; species about 80.
1. G-. ang'ustifolia, Valil Symh. ii. 49 ; leaves coriaceous narrowly
ovate acute serrulate sessile, flowers in compound rather dense terminal
racemes, drupes ovoid. DC. Prodr. i. 736; W. & A. Prodr. 152; Grak.
Cat. Bomb. PI. 38 ; Thwaites Enum. 71 ; Planch, in Hook. Lond. Jour a.
Bot. vi. 3. G. zeylanica, DC. I.e. ; Wall. Cat. 2802. G. malabarica, DC. I.e.
Oclma zeylanica, La77i. Walkera serrata, Willd., DC. Prodr. i. 737. Meesia
serrata, Gcmrtn. Fruci. i. t. 70. — Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 56 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. v.
t. 48 and 52 (monstrous).
Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula, from the South Concan to Travancor ;
Singapore, Walker; common in Ceylon. — Djstrib Philippines.
A small tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves about 5 in. by 1 in., very sliining; stipules linear,
deciduous. Flowers about J in. across, very numerous, on slender pedicels. SepaU
oval, coriaceous. Petals longer than sepals, deciduous. Anthers elongated, about as
long as petals, nearly sessile. Carpels obovate or reniform ; styles 10, larger than
stamens, persistent in fruit, stigma quite entire. Drupes about the size of peas,
smooth, shining, reticulated.
2. Cr, sumatrana, Jack in Mai. Misc. No. v. p. 29, and in Rook. Bot.
Misc. ii. 77 ; leaves narrowly ovate serrulate, panicle very difl^use. Wall.
Cat. 2803. G. sumatrensis, Planch, in Rook. Ic. PI. t. 712, and Rook. Lond.
Joum. Bot. vi. 2. Ochna crocea. Griff. Not. iv. 463. Euthemis elegan-
tissiraa (?), Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 305. E.? pulcherrima,
Wall. Cat. 2518.
Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.
Very closely allied to O. angustifolia, there being scarcely any characters by which
it can be distinguished, except the much more diffuse character of the panicle.
3. Gr, Kookeri, Planch, in Rook. Lond. Joum. Bot. vi. 3; leaves
coriaceous narrowly ovate entire shortly petioled, flowers in terminal
umbels, drupes ovoid.
Penang, Phillips; Malacga, Maingay.
Leaves about 4 in. by 1^ in., narrowed into the short petiole; stipules deciduous.
Flowers rather smaller than in G. aiigustifolia, on long slender pedicels, 10-20 in an
umbel. Sepals ovate, coriaceous. Styles quite connate ; stigma entire. Drupe smooth,
not reticulated. — This species is rather a Brackenridgia (A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl.
Exped. 361) than a Gomphia, if the two genera are to be kept distinct, and Bracken-
ridgia not rather to be considered as a section of Gomphia, as suggested by Oliver (in
Hook. Ic. Plant, xi. t. 1096). Brackenridgia is not otherwise a Malayan genus.
626 XXXV. 0CHNACE2E. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Tetramerista.
DODBTFUL SPECIES.
"Gt. UMBELLATA," HooJc. f. 1718., from Penaug, appears distinct; but the specimens
are not sii^ciently perfect for determination.
3. TSTRAMERISTA, Miq.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves very large, coriaceous, entire. Flowers in axillary
racemes, with large foliaceous bracts. Sepals 4, imbricate, persistent ;
2 outer ones larger. Petals 4, persistent. Stamens 4 ; filaments dilated at
the base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovai^y 4- angled, 4-celled;
style entire. Fridt a globose 4-seeded coriaceous berry. — Distrib. Ma-
layan Peninsula and Islands. Species 1-2.
1. T. glabra, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 534; var. sagittata; leaves
sagittate at the base. Ancistrocladus 1 sagittatus. Wall. Cat. 1055.
SiNCAPOKE, WaUich; Tekasserim (or the Andaman Islands), Heifer; Kedah Peak,
Malacca, Low.
Leaves obovate, rounded at the apex. Sepals in two series, lanceolate. Petals re-
sembling the sepals, but rather smaller. Filaments filiform above. Style single, central.
— !r. glabra is a Sumatran plant, entered as Indian on account of some specimens in
Herb. Kew., collected by Heifer, either in " Tenasserim or the Andaman Islands," and
by WaUich at Sincapore, without Howers, but apparently behmging either to this species
or to an aUied one, differing in the sagittate base of the leaves.
4. SUTKSMZS, Jack.
Glabrous shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, shining, coriaceous, serrulate,
with ciliate deciduous stipules. Flowers rose or white, in terminal or leaf-
opposed racemes, bracteate. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent or deciduous.
Petals b^ longer than sepals, imbricate. Disk small, conical. /Stamens 5,
inserted at the base of the disk, with alternate staminodes ; anthers opening
by terminal pores. Ovary semi-5-celled, elongate, viscid ; style 1, stigma
entire ; ovules 1-2 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit a berry of 5 pyrenes, each
1-2-seeded. Seeds pendulous with a fleshy albumen. — Distrib. Species 4,
natives of the Malayan Archipelago.
1. S. leucocarpa, Jack in Mai. Misc. No. v. p. 16 : leaves large acute
very gradually narrowed into the petiole very beautifully serrulate on the
thickened margin, flowers in rather small terminal branched racemes, berry
snow-white. Roxb. Fl. hid. ed. Carey, ii. 303; Planch, in Ilook. Ic.
PL viii. t. 711.
Mounts Gerai and Ophir, alt. 3000 ft., in Malacca, XotJ.— Distrib. Malayan
Archipelago.
An erect shrub, 4-5 ft. iyeaie^ narrowly elhptic, 4 in. by 14 in., with fine curved
nearly parallel veins running from the midrib to the thickened margin ; stipules acu-
minate, ciliate, deciduous. Sepals ovate, thick, ciliate-serrate. Pctah twice as long
as the sepals, reflexed. Filaments very short. Ovary elongate, acute ; style, tapering.
Berry crowned by the persistent style, 5-seeded.
2. E. minor, Jack in Mai. Misc. No. v. p. 18; leaves narrowly lanceo-
late, obtuse, mucrouate obscurely serrulate, racemes simple, berry red.
Uoxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 304.
SiNCAPOKE and Pen ang.— Distrib. Malayan Archipelago.
A small shrub. Leaves much smaller than in E. Itucocarpa, coriaceous, narrowed,
into the petiole, obscurely veined ; stipules linear, ciliate, ueciduous. Sepals ovate-
ciUate. Filaments short. Ovary ovate, acute. Berry 5-8eeded.
doubtful species.
E, ? ELEqANTissiMA, WaU. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 306, is probably a distinct
EutTiemis.\ xxxv. ocHNACEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 527
plant, but is only imperfectly known. Planchon (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 64) sug-
gests that it may be Gomphia surnatrana, with which, however, the description of the
leaves does not appear to agree. ^Wallich describes it as having elliptic-lanceolate
leaves tapering at both ends, finely acuminate, sharply and minutely serrulate, the
nerves reticulating and uniting in two or more submarginal arches. — Native of Sinca-
pore and the contiguous islands.
Order XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.)
Balsamiferous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate (very rarely opposite),
imparipinnate or trifoliolate (very rarely^ nnifoliolate), stipulate or ex-
stipulate. Lijiorescence racemose or paniculate. Flowers regular, small,
hermaphrodite or often polygamous. Calyx free, 3-6-lobed, imbricate or
valvate, often minute. Petals 3-6, distinct, rarely connate, imbricate or
valvate. Disk annular or cupular, usually conspicuous, free or adnate to the
base of the calyx. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, inserted at
the base or margin of the disk, equal or unequal ; filaments free, rarely
connate at the base, smooth, ; anthers dorsifixed rarely adnate, 2-locular,
dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary free, rarely 1- more often 2-5-celle(^;
style simple, stigma undivided or 2-5-lobed ; ovules 2 or rarely 1 in each
cell, anatropous, axile, usually pendulous rarely ascending, micropyle
superior, raphe ventral. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent, containing 2-5
pyrenes, rarely pseudo-capsular and dehiscent. Seeds solitary, pendulous,
testa membranous, albumen ; cotyledons usually membranous, contortu-
plicate, rarely fleshy and planoconvex, radicle superior. — Distrib. Tropical
regions of both hemispheres; genera 16-18 ; species about 160.
Drupe valvately dehiscent, pyrenes separating.
Drupe trigonous 1. Boswellia.
Drupe broadly 3-winged 2. Tkiomma.
Drupe indehiscent, pyrenes not separating.
Stamens 6-10.
Calyx 5-fid, urceolate. Disk clothing tube of calyx . . 3. Garuga.
Calyx 4-toothed, urceolate. Disk cupular. Flowers few,
fasciculate . .4. Balsamodendrox.
Calyx 4-6-toothed, small. Disk clothing base of calyx.
Stamens 8-10. Inflorescence paniculate 5. Protium.
Calyx 4-6-lobed, imbricate. Disk annular. Stamens
8-10 6. BURSERA.
Calyx usually 3-fid, valvate. Drupe ellipsoid, usually
trigonous ; style terminal 7. Canarium.
Calyx 3-fiid, valvate. Drupe usually gibbous ; style
lateral 8. Santiria.
Calyx 3-partite, large, valvate. Drupe globose ... 9. Trigonochlamys,
Stamens 5 10. Filicium.
1. BOSWEIiXiIA, Roxb.
Balsamiferous trees, bark frequently papyraceous. Leaves alternate, exsti-
{mlate, imparipinnate, deciduous, with opposite sessile usually serrate
eaflets. Flowers small, white, hermaphrodite, in axillary racemes or
panicles. Calyx small, 5-toothed, persistent. Petals 5, distinct, narrowed
at the base, imbricate. Disk annular, crenate. Stamens 10, 5 long 5 short,
inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary sessile, 3-celled ; style short, stigma
3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous. Drupe trigonous, containing 3
1-seeded pyrenes which finally separate. Seeds compressed, pendulous. —
DiSTRLB. India and Tropical Africa ; species about 6.
528 XXXVI. BURSERACE-E. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Boswellia.
1. "B. serrata, Eoxb. ex Colehr. in Asiat. Res. ix. 379, t. 5; leaflets
sessile pubescent coarsely crenate-serrate, racemes axillary shorter tlian the
leaves. Stackhouse, Uxiracts, p. xix ; Colebr. in Tram. Linn. ISoc. xv. 363, t.
V. fig. 1 ; Wall. Cat. 8486. B. thurifera, Roxh. ex Fleming in Asiat. Res. xi.
158 ; Roxh. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Ft. Ind. ii. 383 ; W. d- A. 'Prodr. 174 ; Grah.
Cat. Bcmh. PI. 42 ; Bird wood in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 146; Brandis
For. Flor. 61. Libanus thurifera, Colebr. in Asiat. Res. ix. 382. Libanotus
asiaticus, StackJwuse, De Liban. 13, t. iii fig. 6.
Forests of the base of the Western Himalaya, as far west as the 8utlcj ; Central
India, from Behar to Rajpatana, and southward into the Deccan, and to the Circars
and the Concan.
Leaves of a large number of opposite or nearly dpposito lanceolate or ovate acute or
obtuse inequilateral leatiets, very variable in size, t^hape, and degree of pubescence.
Calyx-aeffments deltoid. Drupe \ in. long, trigonous^ splitting into three valves, sub-
tended by the woody disk. Y'
Vak. glabra ; leaflets nearly or quite glabrous, often nearly entire. B. glabra, Roxh.
Hort. Beng. 90 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 207 ; Fl. hid. ii. 3841; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 42 ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 76; W. db A. Prodr. 174; Bedd. Fl. J^lo. t. 124. ChloroxyL-n Du
pada, Biich. Journ. Mys. i. 184. — Scarcely a species, running by insensible gradations
into the typical form. — N. W. India; Siwalik hills, near Khizeraband, Edgeworth;
Padshapoor (near Belgaum), Ritchie.
2. TRIOMMA, Hook. f.
A tree ; branclilets robust, jAibe.scent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, im-
paripinuate, with opposite i)etiolulate leaflets. Flouon^s very small, in
terminal panicles, polygaraiHis (?). Calyx 5-fid. PeUds 5, small, valvate (?)
Stamens 10(?) inserted at the base of the Mobed disk. O^Y'r^ trigonous,
3-celled ; style short ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit 3-winged, 3-valved, as
much as 2-2^ inches long, containing 3 hard woody separable pyrenes. —
DisTRiB. A solitary species.
1. T. malaccensls, Hooh.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 171 ; leaflets
oblique ovate-lanceolate acuminate entire, drupe ovate-caudate acutely cus-
pidate. Arytera? macro-arjia Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 199 {according
to T. Anderson in Herb. Ktw.).
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
3. GAZIUGA, Eoxb.
Trees ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, imparipinnate,
crowded towards the ends of the branches, with opposite subsessile crenate
leaflets. Flowers polygamous, in much-branched })anicles. Calyx campa-
nulate, 5-fid, valvate, clothed within by the ample disk. Petals 5, inserted
on the tube of the calyx, induplicate-valvate. Sta7nens 10, equal, inserted
in the tube of the calyx at the margin of the disk, filaments hairy at the
base. Ovary sessile, 4-5-celled ; style erect, stigma cai)itate 4-5-lobed ;
ovules 2 in each cell, Vrupe globose, fleshy, containing 1-5^1-seeded
pyrenes.— DiSTRiB. Tropical Asia, America, and Australia ; species 8-10.
1. G. pinnata, Roxh. Cor. PI. iii t. 208 ; leaflets ovate obtusely acu-
minate oblique crenate, flowers \-\ in. long pubescent. ^0.2:6. Fl. Ind. ii.
400; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 43; DC. Prodr. ii. 81; W. d: A. Prodr. 175 ;
Bedd. Fl.Sylv.%. 118; Brandis For. Flor. 62 ; Wall. Cat. 8485; ? G. mada-
gascariensis, DC- I.e. — Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 33.
Throughout India, and from the Jumna eastwards to Birma, and southwards to the
NiLGHiRis and 'J'ENAs^i^ERiM ; ascending to 3000 ft. in the Himalaya. — Distrib.
Malayan Archipelago, Philippines.
Garuga.] xxxvi. burserace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 629
A tree 30-40 ft. Leaves 1 ft. or more, pubescent when youna:, afterwards glabrous.
Panicle very large, compound, pubescent. CaZyx-teeth ovate, pubescent. Petals linear,
inserted between the calyx- teeth. Disk completely clothing the tube of calyx. Stamens
aboiit us long as the petals. Ovary ovoid, narrowing into the hairy style ; stigma
capitate, 5-lobed. Drupe black, " size of a gooseberry."
4. BAZ.SABIODi:NDaON, KuntL
Balsamiferous often spiny trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, 1-5-foliolate
or imparipinnate ; leaflets sessile, oblique, crenate or serrate. Flowers
small, polygamous, fasciculate, on short petioles or sessile. Calyx tubular,
3-4-toothed, persistent. Petals 3-4, valvate. Dish erect, cupular. Stamem
6-8, usually 4 long and 4 short, inserted on the margin of the disk. Ovary
sessile, 4-celled, surrounded by the disk ; style short, stigma obtuse 4-lobed ;
ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe ovoid, containing a 1-3-celled and -seeded
stone or 1-3 stones. — Disteib. India, Arabia, Tropical and Southern Africa ;
species 6-10. (See Berg, in Bot. Zeit. 1862. 153, 161.)
1. B. ZVKukul, Hook ex Stocks in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. i. 259, t. 8 ;
brandies generally ending in a sharp spine, leaves 1-3-foliolate, leaflets
smooth and shining obovate nearly sessile toothed at the end. Boiss. Fl.
Orie^it. ii. 3 ; Brandis For. Flor. 64. B. Roxburghii, Stocks in Bomb. Trans.
1847 {excl syn.) ; Dalz. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 19 {7iot of Am.). (?) B.
Wightii, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist, iii, 86 ; Wight Lll. i. 185.
SixDH, Stocks ; Rajpootana, Bednore, Brandis; Khandeish and Berar, Dalz. &
Gibs.; ? Mysore, Bellary, Wicjlit. — DiQTniB. Beluchistan, Arabia?
A small tree 4-6 ft. Branches slightly ascending. Flowers nearly sessile, a few in each
fascicle, unisexual, the male with small abortive ovary, the female with short barren sta-
mens. Calyx forming a cylindrical cup, glandular-hairy. Petals 4-5, ligulate, brownish
red, recurved at the tip, 3 times as long as calyx. Disk 8-10-toothed. Stamens 8-10.
Stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Drupe red, ovate-acuminate, containing 2 2-celled stones,
rarely 4-valved. — I follow the suggestion of Brandis in referring to the Bellary plant
{B. Wightii) under B. Mukul, from which it appears to be indistinguishable, though
without flowei-s. Brandis remarks, " This species will probably be found to be indi-
genous on arid rocky hills throughout Eajputaua and a great part of the Dekkan" (I.e.
p. 65).— Gugal.
2. B. Bozburg-hii, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 86; branches spiny,
leaves 3-foliolate, terminal leaflet very finely serrulate, lateral leaflets very
small. Wight Ul. i. 1 85. Amyris Commiphora, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 244 ; Wall.
Cat. 8498. ? A. Agallocha, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28.
Eastern Bengal ; Silhet and Assam, Roxburgh, &c.
Very similar to B. Mukul, and possibly identical, but only imperfectly known ; the
leaves appear to be larger and of a thinner texture. I have only seen specimens of
Wallich's and Bottler's from the Mission Garden of Madras, to which Bottler has
attached the name Amyris serratifolia, nob,
3. B. pubescens, Stocks in Bomb. Trans. 1847 ; Hook. Kew Joum. Bot.;
264, t. 9 ; branches not spiny, leaves petioled, 3-5-foliolate, leaflets entire.
Boiss. Fl. Onent. ii. 2 ; Brandis For. Flor. 64.
Kocky parts of Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Beluchistan.
A small tree with pubescent unarmed branches. Leaves on slender petioles longer
than the blade, soft and downy when young, lateral leaflets nearly orbicular, terminal
obovate-cimeate, petiolulate. Flowers sessile. Stamens equal. Drupe red, with 2
stones.
4. B. Berryl, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 86; branches spiny, leaves 3-
foliolate petioled glabrous entire, calyx 3-4-cleft, petals 3-4, stamens 6-8,
VOL. I. MM
630 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Balsamode'ndrm.
the alteraate ones smaller. Wight III. i. 185 ; Bedd. Fl Syl. t. 126 ;
Brandts For. Flor. 65. Protium gileadense, W. <fc A. Frodr. \11^ exclud.
synon.; Grak. Cat. Bomb, Fl. 43, {twt B. gileadense Z>(7.). Amyris gilea-
densis, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 246.
Western Peninsula ; in dry forests East of the Nilghiris and Sivagherry Hills (cul-
tivated for hedging throughout S. India).
Brandies patent, the lateral ones ending in very abrupt spines. Leaves alternate or
fascicled ; leaflets obovate, sessile, the terminal one twice as large as the lutefal ones.
Flowers nearly sessile, solitary or fascicled. Disk small, 6-8-lobed. Drupe oblong,
apiculate.
5. PROTXUIVI, W. & A.
Small balsamiferous spiny trees. Leaves alternate, S-foliolate or impari-
pinnate, with entire or toothed leaflets. Flowa-s small, on long pedicels in
much branched cymes. Calyx small, cupular, 4-6-lid or -toothed. Fetals
4-C, linear-oblong, valvate. Disk clothing the bottom of the calyx-cup,
with free margin. Stamens 8-12, inserted in the margin of the disk,
unequal. Ovary 2-4-celled, sessile ; style short, stigma 3-6-lobed ; ovules
3 in each cell. JJru])^ fleshy, globose, containing 1-4 pyrenes. Seeds oblong ;
radicle superior. — Distrib. India, Java, subtropical Africa. Species 3-4
1. P. caudatum, W.d^A. Frodr. 176; leaves 3-7-foliolate, leaflets
glabrous more or less abruptly acuminate, cyme branched many times
clichotomously greatly exceeding the leaves. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 125 ; Wcdl.
Cat. 8494, 8495.
Western Peninsula ; Ceylon, at Jaffoa.
Leaves long-petioled with short lateral leaflets, the terminal one with a long petiolnle,
ovate, entire. Cymes bracteate at the branches, the bracteoles l>eneath the flowers very
minute. Flowers polygamous, small, f aZ^or-lobes deltoid, acute, as long as broad.
Petals about twice as long as calyx-lobes. Drupe about the size of a pea, nearly glo-
bular, subtended b^ the persistent calyx.
Var. Roxhurghiaiia, vV. & A. I.e. (species); leaflets not acuminate, but ending in a
short abrupt point. Amyris acuminata, lioxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 246 ; Wall. Cat. 8496. —
Pulney Mts., Wight.
2. P. pubescens, W. <i; A. Frodr. 176 ; leaflets pubescent obtusely acu-
minate, cyme (panicle ?) rather dense branched mftuy times but not
dichotomously. Wall. Cat. 8497.
We!^tern Peninsula, Wight.
Leaflets about 7, ovate or obovate, entire, very shortly petiolulatc. Bracts in the upper
part of tlie inflorescence exceeding flowers. Flowers mther shortly pedici'lled. ^Calyx-
segments lanceolate, twice as long as hroad. Drupe rather larger than in P. caudatum.
6. BURSERA, Linn.
Balsamiferous trees. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, or rarely 1-foliolate.
Panicles short, branched. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx
small, 4-6 -partite or -toothed, imbricate. Fetals 4-6, short, patent at length
reilexed, usually valvate. Disk annular, crenate. Stamens 8-12, nearly
equal, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary free, ovoid or subglobose,
3-5-celled ; style very short, stigma 3-5-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe
globose or ovoid, with 3-5 pyrenes. — Distrib. ^^bojit 40 species, mostly
natives of Tropical America.
1. B. serrata, Colehr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 361, t. 4 ; leaflets nar-
rowed below acuminate, drupe globose 1-3-celled, the pedicel greatly
Bursera.] xxxvi. burserace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.)- Sdl
thickened and elongated. Brand. For. Flor. 61. Icica indica, W. (k A.
Prodr. 177; Wall. Cat. 8492. Limonia pentagyna, Roxb. Ft. Ind. ii. 382,
ex Kurziri Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 70.
Eastern Bengal ; Garrow hills and Rajmahal hills, Assam ; and Chittagong. The
Circa Rs, Roxburgh.
Leaflets about 7 or more, opposite, petiolulate, ovate, pubescent or nearly glabrous,
serrulate or quite entire. Panicles axillary, lax, much branched, shorter than the leaves,
bracteate. Flowers very small, hermaphrodite, pubescent externally. Calyx obtusely
5-toothed. Petals 5. recurved. /Stamens 10, shorter than the petals.
7. CANAXtIU»I, Linn.
Balsamiferous trees. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, stipulate or exsti-
pulate. Flowers bracteate, in terminal -or axillary panicles, hermaphrodite
or polygamous. Calyx cupuliform or campanulate, 3-lobed or -fid (5-lobed
in § Scutinanthe)^ valvate. Petals 3-5, imbricate below or valvate, usually
exceeding calyx. Stamens 6 (10 in § /Scuti/ianthe), distinct, inserted on
margin or outside of disk, or filaments confluent below and distinct from
disk. Ovary 2-3-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell ; style various,' or stigma
subsessile, capitate. Drupe usually ellipsoidal, more or less distinctly tri-
gonous, with a, 1-3-celled, 1-3-seeded stone ; cotyledons often partite, con-
tortuplicate. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and Malayan Archipelago. Species
probably about 30.
As may be inferred from the sectional characters it is not improbable that two or
three generic types are included here under Canarium, but the final settlement
of these "cannot be undertaken without the examination of a full series of Archipelago
forms.
Sect. I. Flowers 5-merous (Scutinanthe, Thw.).
1. C. brunneuxn, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 127 ; extremities shortly red-
tomentose, leaves exstipulate, leaflets 5-11 oblong or ovate-oblong acu-
minate entire glabrescent or midrib beneath puberulous, panicles axillary
branching from base red-toraentose, pedicels not exceeding 5-fid calyx,
petals scarcely exceeding calyx, stamens 10 confluent in a disk adnata
to calyx-tube (in ^ fl.), ovary hirsute 2- celled, fruit ^ drupaceous ellip-
soidal shortly pointed. Scutinanthe brunnea, Thwaites in Kew Journ. Bot.
viii. 266, t. 8 B ; Enum. 79.
Ceylon ; in the central Province, alt. 2-3000 ft., Thwaites.
'Tree of 50-60 ft. Leaves 10-20 in.; leaflets 4-8 by 2-2 J in. ; petiolule ^-J in.
Panicles much shorter than leaves; bracts ovate-lanceolate. Flowers polygamous.
Calyx cupuliform, lobes 5 ovate-deltoid. Petals tomentose outside, subvalvate. Drupe
\-\\ in. long, apiculate and thinly red-tomentose when dry, 1 -celled (in our specimen),
with thin bony stone. [Cotyledons em ire foliaceous plicate. Thwaites.) — Nearly
alHed to this species, but with drupes 1| in. long, are specimens from Malacca [Main-
gay), without flowers.
Sect. II. Flowers normally 3-nierous.
* Stamens confluent in short disk around ovary or its riidiment. Buds
sJieathed by deciduous bracts. Stone thick bony. — Canarium proper.
t Leajlets entire.
2. C comriune, Lin/i. ; extremities tawny puberulous or glabrate,
b't'iu^es oiiiptic or rotundate auricled often early deciduous, leaflets 7-9 ctvate
tv) oolong elliptical acuminate glabrous, lateral nerves about 10-15 pairs
often paler and subprominent beneath, panicles terminal puberulous with
M M 2
532 XKxyj. BURSERACEiE. {Alfred W. Bennett.) [Canajium.
spreadiBg successively sliorter lateral branches, buds enclosed in ovate or
rotundate tomentose bracts, petals 3 imbricate below, stamens (in ^ fl.)
inserted around hairy rudiment of ovary (drupe ellipsoidal subtrigonous
with a bony 1-3-celled stone, Blame), Koeiiuj. Ann. Bot. i 360, t, 7, f. 2 ;
Eoxb. Fl hid. iii. 137; Blmie Mm. BotA. 214; Bijd. IICI ; DC. Frodr.
ii. 79 ; W. d- A. Frodr. 175 ; Mi/^. Fl. Ind. Bot. vol. i. pt. 2, (i43 ; Wall.
Cat. 8493. Sapindus travancorensis, Wall. Cat. 8047.
Penang, Phillips, Jack.
Leaves of flowering branches f-14 ft. more or less; upper leaflets 4-6 by lJ-24 in. ;
petiolules ^-1 in. Flowers variable in size, 9 ^ to over h in. in length. Cahjj: campa-
nulate, broadly S-lobed. Petals ton)entose above. Ovary glabrous, incrassate above.
Cotyledons tripartite, contorted {Blume). — A Malayan and Archipelago plant culti-
vated in India.
3. C zeylanlcum, Blume Mm. Bot. i 218; extremities tawny-puberu-
lous, stii>ules deciduous, leaflets 5-9 more or less broadly elliptical shortly
acuminate entire, when pressed flat the margins (of young leaves) inifolded
beneath glabrous, panicles terminal, of ^ fl. lateral branches successively
shorter, buds globose or ovoid at first enveloped in rotundate deciduous
tawny-tomentose bracts, calyx trifid, petals imbricate, stamens of r^ fl. in-
serted in disk around glabrous rudiment of ovary. Amyris zeylanica, Retz
Obs. iv. 25. Balsamudendrum ? zeylanicum, Kunth in Ann. Sc. Ncti. ser. i.
ii. 349 (adnot.) ; UC. Frodr. ii. 7ti ; Tltwaitea Ermni. 79. C. balsamiferum.
Moon Cat. 68.
Cevlon, in warm moist districts, ascending to 1500 ft., Thwaites, &c.
Leaves of flowering shoots 1 ft more or less ; stipules moderately birge inserted on
the rachis at some little distance from the base, obliquely rotundate-sagittate, shortly
stipitate, early deciduous {'Phioaitcs) \ leaflet.^ 4-6 by l^-'^^i i"-> petiolule ^-4 in. Fe-
male flower ^ in. long. Ovary glabrous, incrassate above as in C. commune. Drupe
ellipsoidal, smooth, obscurely 3-goiious, with very thick bony stone. — Very nearly allied
to C. commune, and now tliat Thwaites finds rotundate-sagittate early caducous sti-
pules, there remains little besides the shorter petiolules of the leaflets to separate it from
that species.
4. C. secunduxu, A. W. Benn. ; tawny-pubescent, stipules or early
deciduous, leixtiets 7-9 oblong shortly acuminate entire or faintly den-
ticulate glabrous above except midrib, shortly pubescent, with lateral nerves
in 10-15 pairs prominent with conspicuous transverse venation beneath,
panicles terminal rusty-tomentose, buds subscssiie in bracteate sessile or
pedunculate glumerules, calyx broadly 3-lobed, petals imbricate, stamens
confluent with short disk around ovuid-subulate glabrous rudiment of ovary,
fruit trigonous ellipsoidal, with thick bony stone. — Canarium, Wall. Cat.
9046 (as to Sincapore specimens).
SiNCArouE, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Mairujay.
Leaves 1 ft. more or less on flowering branches, leaflets varying from ovate- to lanceo-
late-oblong, upper 3-6 by U-24 in., petiolule ^ to nearly 4 in. Panicles shorter than or
■as long as leaves, with successively shorter branches ; bracts ovate-oblong and rotundate
enclosing the buds. Drupe \\~1 in., glabrous. — Nearly allied to C. purpurasceiis, but
I cannot find stipules in any of the numerous specimens.
5. C purpurascens, A. W. Benn. • extremities shortly pubescent-
tomentose M^th rotundate-cordate stipules, leaflets 7-9 ovate-oWong to
ovate-elliptical acuniinate glabrous except puberulous midrib above pur-
plish-giaucescent with minute scattered pubescence and 10-14 pairs
of prominent lateral nerves with conspicuous transverse reticulation
beneath, panicles terminal and from upper axiis, pedicels (of (^ fl.) very
Canarium.] xxxvi. bursekace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 533
short or bracteate, calyx broadly 3-lobed, petals imbricate, stamens 6
confluent with short disk around the glabrous ovoid-subulate rudiment of
ovary.
Malacca, Griffith.
Leaves of flowering shoots |-1 ft., leaflets 3-5 by l|-2 in., petiolules J-^ in. ; stipxiles
^-| in. broad (or larger). Panicles puberulous, as long as leaves ; buds and ovate or
rotundate bracts tomeutose. ^ruit not seen.
6. C. nitidum, A. W. Benn.; extremities obsoletely puberulous
glabrate, stipules wanting at flowering, leaflets 5-7 oblong to elliptical
acuminate glabrous, midrib prominent beneath but lateral nerves subdis-
tant faint 7-10 pairs, reticulation obscure beneath, panicles terminal,
drupe ellipsoidal with thick bony stone. Wall. Cat. 8546 (excepting spe-
cimens intermixed of a Connaracea ?).
SiNCAPOUE, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maivgay.
Leaves of flowering branches 1 ft. more or less ; leaflets 4-6 by 1^-3 in. ; petiolule
l-% in. Flowers not seen. Calyx 3-lobed. Drupe 14-2 in,, glabrous.
ft Leaflets serrulate.
7. C. rufuxn, A. W. Benn.; extremities stout closely rusty-tomen-
tose, leaves 1-2-feet (? exstipulate), rachis tomentose, leaflets 6-11 oblong
shortly acuminate base rounded denticulate-serrate coriaceous, glabrous
above except shortly tomentose midrib, closely tawny tomentose with
15-20 pairs of prominent lateral nerves and distinct reticulation beneath,
flowers congested in sessile or shortly pedunculate bracteate inch-broad
fascicles along the branches of panicle, calyx thick trifid, petals coriaceous
exceeding calyx narrowly-imbricate, stamens 6, filaments apparently con-
fluent at base, fruit ellipsoidal trigonous with a thick bony stone.
Malacca, Maingay, Griffith.
Tree of medium size. Leaflets very coriaceous, upper larger varying to 6-8 by 2-2^ in.,
petiolule |-J in., reticulation very prominent beneath. Panicles terminal, closely rusty-
tomentose ; buds enclosed in rotundate concave tomentose bracts. Calyx-lobes broadly
ovate, obtuse. Petals tomentose outside except narrow covered margins. Fruit 2 in.
long, {Cotyledons 3-partite. Griffith.)
** Stamens monadelphous. distinct frmn disk. Buds cylindrical or clavate.
Leaflets entire or serrw^«<e.— Pimela, Lour.
8. C. g'X'a'ndifloruxn, A. W. Benn.; extremities tawny-pubescent,
stipules subulate from near the base of the glabrous rachis, leaflets 7-9
ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong acuminate glabrous or with few scattered
hairs and 8-12 pairs prominent lateral nerves beneath, pedicels shorter than
hairy broadly 3-lobed calyx, petals narrowly imbricate, stamens 6, filaments
confluent in a tubiform sheath, ovary densely setose, style long, fruit sub-
trigonous, stone thick bony.
Malacca, 3Iaingay.
Leaves |-1 ft, or longer; leaflets 3^44 by 1-1 1 in,; petiolule | in. more or less.
Flowers hermaphrodite, 4 in- loi^g> iJQ compound tawny tomentose racemes collected
in a terminal panicle. Filaments glabrous, confluent below. Fruit 1^ in., oblong-
ellipsoidal, obtuse.
9. C. pilosum, A. W. Benn. ; extremities thinly hirsute, stipules subu-
late hairy, leaflets usually 5 obovate- to oblong-elliptical or broadly ellip^
tical shortly acuminate more or less undulate-dentate above or subentire
glabrous and reticulate, thinly hirsute chiefly on the prominent reticula-
tion beneath, lateral nerves 9-13 pairs, pedicels shorter than shallow 3-lobe4
534 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Canaj'ivin.
calyx, petals narrowly imbricate, stamens 6, filaments confluent \-\ their
length.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves |-1 ft., leaflets 3-6 by l^-2f in,, petiolule \ in. Eaccmes interrijpted, rusty-
pubescent or glabrate, from the uppennost axils, overtopped by the leaves; pedicels
tomentose, not exceeding the cupuiiform obscureiy-lobed calyx. PetaU tomeutose.
Filaments glabrous. Bttdiment of ovary setose, i^ritif not seen. — Wall. Cat. d)iOO,
from Siucapore, leaves only, may belong here.
10. C Hirtellum, A. W. Bemi. ; extremities tawny-tomentose, leaves
stipulate, leaflets 7-9 oblong-elliptical shortly and rather acutely acumi-
nate denticulate toward apex, reticulate at length glabrous above except .
pubescent midrib, shortly hirsute-pubescent and strongly reticulate beneath,
flowers tomentose fascicled in interrupted racemes from the upper axils,
calyx 3-lobed, petals narrowly imbricate, filaments 6 C(jnfluent half their
length, rudiment of ovary setose, fruit trigonous. Wall. Cat. 8102 and
9047.
Penakg, WaUich.
Lectves 1 ft. or more in length, rachis pubescent-tomentose, with a pair of linear-
subulate 4-in- stipules near the base ; leaflets varying from ovate- through oblong- to
obovate- elliptical, upper 3^-6 by 1^-2^ in. ; petiolules \ in. Pedicels scarcely exceeding
calyx. Howtrs ^-^ in. long. Iruit 1 in., glabrous, oblong-ellipsoidal, trigonous ;
stone hard, bony. — Nearly allied to C. pilosiim, differing in indumentum, pubescent
midrib above, the more triangular teeth of calyx, &c.
11. C. strictum, Roxh. Hort. Bmg. 49; Fl.Ind.m. 138; extremities
at first densely rusty-tomentose, leaflets 7-9 (-15) ovate-oblong or varying
from ovate to ovate-lanceolate acuminate denticulate-serrate or subentire
glabrescent above more or less closely pubescent-tomentose with 10-15
pairs of prominent lateral nerves beneath, panicles tomentose from the
upper axils interruptedly racemose, pedicels of ^ fl. shorter than 3-lobed
calyx, petals twice as long distinctly imbricate, filaments confluent half
their length. W. tC- A. Prodr. 175; Dalz. d; Glhs. Bomb. Fl. 52 ; Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. i. 128.
Westkrn Peninsula, Concao, Bababuden Hills, Anamallays, &c., Dalzell, Bed-
dome, &c.
Tall straight tree. Leaves 1-1^ ft. long more or less on flowering branches, varying
to 4 ft., stipules obsolete (stipulate, BoxLurgh, who had seen only barren shoots); leaf-
lets from 3-6 (-12) by 1^-24(5-) in. broad ; petiolule i\-^ in. Panicles shorter than
leaves, upper lateral branches short or flowers (of 6) in sessile fascicles ; 9 fl. less
crowded on stout longer pedicels marked with scar of small caducous bract. Calyx
tomentose, campanulate, shortly and broadly 3-lobed. Petals thinly tomentose above.
0?;a/*7/ glabrate, equalling the stout style, rudiment in <5 fl. setose. Drupe 1^-2 in.,
ellipsoidal or ovoid, tapering, with a thick bony stone.
12. C. beng-alense, Boxh. Hort. Beng. 49 ; Fl. hid. iii. 136; extremi-
ties rusty-})ubescent glabrate with subulate stipules, leaflets 13-21 ovate-
oblong or lanceolate acuminate glabrous ?, panicles racemiform from upper
axils, petals 3 imbricate, filaments confluent half their length, disk hirsute
within the stamens, drupe ellipsoidal smooth.
SiLHET and adjoining districts, Boxhurgh.
Leaves 1-2 ft., leaflets subopposite, 3-6 by 1-2 in. Paniclea shorter than or equalling
the leaves (supra-axillary), buds cylindrical. CaZ/yj? cupuiiform, 3-fid. Petals ohovAie-
oblong. Drupe size of large olive, 1-3-celled, dark-purple pruinose, stone trigonous,
thick, bony. Cotyledons contortuplicate. — 1 have seen no specimen. The descrip-
tion is from Eoxburgh, I.e., and from his drawing, No. 2311.
Canurium.] xxxvi. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 535
13. C. euphyllum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 295 ; leaves
2-3-ft. glabrous, leatiets 9-10 subopposite ovate- or oblong-elliptical apicu-
late obtusely glandular-serrulate, base rounded or subcordate, lateral nerves
14-16 pairs ratlier prominent beneath, peduncle elongate naked below,
flowers thinly tomentose, calyx obtusely 3-lobed glabrate, petals narrowly
imbricate, filaments 6 confluent half their length enclosing a short fleshy
lobed disk surrounding the ovary-rudiment.
South Andaman Islands, Kurz.
Upper leaflets 9-10 in. ; petiolule 4 in ; stipules 0? Panicle 1^ ft. long; branches
glabrous, naked below, Cali/x campanulate, broadly 3-lobed. Petals oblanceolale.
J^ruit unknown. — Description in part from Kurz, I.e.
*** Stamens inserted below margin ofjieshy disk. Pedicels slender. En-
docarp thin.
14. C. laxuxn, A. W. Benn. ; extremities leaf-rachis and inflorescence
hirsute more or less with tawny or rust-coloured spreading at length de-
ciduous setae, leaves 1-2^ ft. (exstipulate ?), leaflets 7-9 oblong or oblan-
ceolate-oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous with 11-17 pairs
prominent looping lateral nerves beneath, panicles elongate floxuose with
alternate lateral branches, pedicels slender articulated equalling or exceeding
the flower, calyx trifid, petak very narrowly imbricate glabrous, drupe
ellipsoidal with thin bony 1-celled stone.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaflets \-% ft. by 1^-24 in., upper usually larger, lower third of rachis terete naked,
usually loosely setose-hirsute towards the base. Panicle elongate, 1-2 ft., with sparse
patent setse, ultimate divisions often red- or rusty-tomentose. Calyx trifid, lobes obtuse
triangular. Petals ovate, obtuse. {Stamens 6, inserted below the margin of thin fleshy
di^k, Maingay.) Fruit about I4 by 1 in., ellipsoidal, 1-celled by abortion (rose-
coloured ; cotyledons digitate, Maingay).
■x-x-sf-jf Stam£ns inserted outside margin of disk. Buds small, ghhose. En-
docarp thin.
15. C. rubig-inosum, A. W. Bmn.; leaves exstipulate?, leaflets 5-7
oblong-elliptical shortly and olDtusely acuminate gkbrous above thinly
pubescent at length glabrate beneath with 10-13 pairs prominent lateral
nerves incurved and nearly looping at the margin, ^ buds globose, calyx
entire, stamens 6, fruit ellipsoidal thinly drupaceous, stone crustaceous
1-seeded.
Malacca, Maingay.
Extremities tawny hirsute-tomentose glabrescent. Leaves \-l ft. ; leaflets 4-6 by
li_2^ in.; petiohde ^-^ in. Panicle terminal; of S fl. pyramidal, with sparse diver-
gent branches simple below; pedicel equalling and dilated into short calyx. Petals
deltoid, valvate, externally tawny-tomentose. Fruit 1 by 4 in. (bright yellow; cotyle-
dons bright green, cleft on either side to the base into 5 hnear segments, contortupli-
cate ; radicle long, ascending, Maingay) .
16. C. Kadondon, A. W. Benn..; extremities early glabrous (leaves
exstipulate]), leaflets 7-9 elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate entire
glabrous or nearly so with 6-9 pairs subprominent incurved lateral nerves,
petiolules slender, flowers hermaphrodite, calyx broadly 3- (4-) lobed,
stamens 6, stigma in bud subsessiLe.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves \-\ ft.; rachis terete, nearly glabrous, lower \-\ naked ; leaflets 24-4 by
1-1 4 in., drying purplish brown ; petiolule 4 in. Panicle corymbose, thinly tomentose,
536 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Canarium.
pedicels not exceeding the flower. Petals valvate. Ovary glabrous. Fruit un-
known.
***** Stamens inserted around and upon wary-rudiment. Buds ellipsoidal
m.
17. C. parvifolium, A. W. Benn. ; wholly glabrous or nearly so,
leaflets 7 oblong lanceolate or elliptic acuminate, midrib prominent beneath,
lateral nerves faint, panicle terminal, buds ellipsoidal subsessile on pedicels
not exceeding cupuliform subentire calyx, petals imbricate, stamens inserted
around and upon the ovoid-subulate ov^ry -rudiment.
Malacca, Mctingay.
Leaves of flowering branches ^ ft. more or less ; leaflets 2-3J by |-1^ in. ; petiolule
l-i in. Buds on expansion ^-^ in. long, pubescent or glabrous. Fruit unknown.
18. C. coccineo-bracteatum, Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Be7ig.{lS7 2) ii.
296; extremities softly pubescent, leaves glabrous 1-2 ft., stipules deeply
divided segments rigid coarsely toothed, leaflets 7-9 shortly petiolulate
oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate entire or setose-serrulate glabrous with
about 10 pairs of lateral nerves and loose reticulation beneath, panicles
puberulous with scarlet oblong acute bracts.
South Andaman Islands, Kurz.
Leaflets 5-7 in. long. Expanded flowers and fruit undescribed.
8. SANTIRZA, Blume.
Balsamiferous trees. Leaves alternate, stipulate, 3-foliolate or imparipin-
nate, firm ; leaflets opposite, slightly oblique, entire. Flowers in axillary
rarely terminal patently branched panicles ; bracts usually obsolete ; brac-
teoles minute. Calyx cupuliform, 3-lubed or -fid, valvate. Pdals 3, valvate
or subimbricate, much exceeding the calyx. DisJc annular, fleshy, adnate.
Stamem 6 (rarely fewer by abortion), distinct, often unequal, inserted on
the margin or outside of the disk. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each
cell ; style short, stigma capitate. Drape ellipsoidal or subglobose, more
or less laterally compressed on the ventral side, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, st(jne
crustaceous or woody. CotyleAkms contortuplicate. — Distrib. Malayan
Archipelago. Species probably 25.
Sect. I. Xcicopsis. Anthers adnate.
1. S, Planchonii, A. W. Bean,; leaflets 11 glabrous on both surfaces
ovate-oblong elliptic or oblong obtusely acuminate or shortly caudate-
acuminate, base obliquely rounded, nervation inconspicuous above, lateral
nerves weak often bifurcating before reaching the margin, panicle with
numerous canescent lax slender ascending branches, bracts obsolete,
pedicels shorter than the flowers, calyx-segments deltoid acute, stamens
shorter than the petals.
Malacca, Griffith, 21aingay.
Tree ; branchlets with pale-brown or ashy-grev somewhat striate bark, youngest palely
pubescent. Leaves of flowering-shoots 8-12 m. ; petiole 2-3 in., slightly flattened
above, glabresceut ; leaflets 3-4^ by }\-ll in,, glaucescent beneath, petiolule ^-J in.
Panicle 2-6 in., pedicels less than -xi^'m. Flowers with several minute very caducous
bracteoles_ immediately beneath the glabresceut calyx. Stamens with broad striate
filaments inserted just beneath the margin of the disk, spathulate above and with the
anther-cells attached on their inner face. Drupe ^ in. long, ellipsoidal, somewhat late-
Santiria.] xxxvi. BURSERACEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 537
rally compressed on the ventral, gibbous on the dorsal side, purple, covered with pale
bloom ; style very oblique, but not basilar, as stated by Benth. and Hook, f, in Gen. PI.
i. 325.
Sect. II. Santiria proper. Anthers dorsifixed.
* Panicle branched fi^oin base, or nearly so.
2. S. costata, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets 7 glabrous above pubescent be-
neath elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely caudate-acuminate, base obliquely
acute, midrib prominent above pale, lateral nerves about 9 pairs inconspi-
cuous above and very prominent beneath divaricate curving towards the
margin, panicle pyramidal ferruginously pubescent, branches divaricating
subtended by lanceolate obtuse bracts, pedicels as long as the flowers, calyx
ultimately truncate-dentate, stamens about equalling the petals.
Malacca, Maingay.
Tree ; branchlets with pale ashy-grey bark ; youngest branchlets, petioles and
petiolules ochraceously pubescent. Leaves of flowering shoots 6-8 in., petiole 1 in.
flat above ; leaflets 3^-6 by 1^-24 in., petiolule ^-^ in., transversely rugose, thickened
at both ends. Panicle 3 in, long (occasionally with a peduncle ^-^ in ). Floioers in
fascicles of about 4 on lateral branches of panicle, surrounded by several minute brac-
teoles ; pedicels ^ in. Calyx glabrescent. Stamens with slender filaments inserted
beneath the margin of the disk. Fruit unknown.
3. S. apiculata, A. W. Benn. ; leaves trifoliolate glabrous on both
sides elliptic or elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely caudate-acuminate, base
acute, midrib prominent above, lateral nerves weak bifurcating before reach-
ing the margin, panicle narrowly pyramidal, glabrous branches ascending,
bracts obsolete, pedicels twice as long as the flowers, calyx-segments
deltoid acute, stamens shorter than petals, style completely basal in fruit.
Malacca, Maingay.
Tree ; branchlets with pale ashy-grey bark. Leaves of flowering-shoots, 6-8 in.,
petiole 2 in., striate, flat above ; leaflets 24-4 by l:i:-2 in. broad, petiolule ^-| in., jointed
at the apex. Panicle 4-3 in. long (occasionally with a peduncle 4 in.) pedicels ^ in.
Bracteoles minute. Stamens with slender filaments inserted beneath the margin of the
disk, about equalling the capitate stigma. Drupe ^ in. long, ovoid, the obtuse protu-
berance bearing the style completely basal, giving the drupe the appearance of an
anatropous ovule ; stone thin, fragile ; fruit-pedicel ^ in.
4. S. puberula, \i. W. Benn.; leaflets 7-9 glabrous above minutely
pubescent beneath elliptic-oblong shortly '^ acuminate, base obliquely
rounded, midrib and lateral nerves inconspicuous above, lateral nerves
about 8 pairs prominent below curving towards the margin, panicle pyra-
midal lax few-flowered canescent, scurfy branches patent dividing only
at the apex, bracts obsolete, pedicels as long as the flowers, calyx ultimately
truncate-dentate, stamens rather shorter than petals.
Malacca, Maingay.
Tree ; branchlets with brown striate bark when young, as well as petioles and
petiolules clothed with minute canescence. Leaves of flowering-shoots 6-8 in. ;
petioles 14-2 in., flat above ; leaflets 3-44 by l|-2 in., petiolule ^ in., transversely
rugose, slightly thickened at the apex. Panicle 2^-4: in. long; pedicels ^V "i. long.
Bracteoles minute. Calyx minutely pubescent. Stamens with slender filaments in-
serted beneath the margin of the disk. Fruit unknown.
5. S. conferta, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets 13 firm glabrous and finely
reticulate above clothed with minute rusty pubescence beneath more or less
broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed, base obliquely
538 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Santiria.
rounded, lateral nerves about 10 pairs curved and weak towards margin,
Eanicle pyramidal rather compact ferruginously-pubescent divaricately
ranched, bracts obsolete, pedicels shorter than the flowers, calyx ultimately
truncate-dentate, stamens shorter than petals.
Malacca, Griffith^ Maingay.
Tree ; branchlets with pale-brown irregularly striate bark when young, as well as pe-
tioles and petiolules clothed with ferruginous pubescence. Leaves of flowering-shoots
12-18 in. ; petiole 4—5 in., closely striate below, shallowly channelled above, petiolule
^-^ in. (slightly transversely rugose and thickened at either extremity. Panicle 3-4 in.,
pedicels ^ in. Bracteoles minute, obtuse. Calyx pubescent. Stamens inserted be-
neath the margin of the disk. iJrupe as in S. ajyiculata, but a more reddish purple
\ehen dry.
** Panicle 2^edimcidaie.
6. S. laevlgrata, Blume Miis. Bot. i. 211 ; leaflets 7-15 ghibrous on
both surfaces elli))tic-lanceolate elliptic or oblong acuminate, base acute
or rounded, midrib prominent above, lateral nerves 12-18 pairs more or
less divaricating, panicle shorter than leaves pyramidally branched, pe-
duncle and branches minutely pubenilous, bracts obsolete, })edicels as long
as tlie flowers, calyx at length truncate-dentate, stamens about equalling
petals, style nearly basal in fruit. Canarium laevigatum, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. vol i. pt. 2, 648.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra.
A large tree ; branchlets striate, with decurrent angles from the bases of the leaves
and ashy-brown bark with minute white warts. Leaves of flowerin.: shoots 10-18 in. ;
petiole 2-4 in., striate and channelled above; leaflets 4-7 by 1^-2 in., petiolule ^-.^ in.
Panicle 6-9 in., peduncle 2^-4 in., pedicels about jlj in. Bracteoles minute. Calyx
minutely hispid, ultimately almost transversely truncate. Stamens witli filaments
dilated at the base, inserted just below the outer margin of the disk. Drupe sub-
globose, ^ in. diam. — Blume has figured the stamens incorrectly as inserted at the
base of the disk, as is proved by the examination of an authentic specimen.
7. S. multiflora, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets about 7 glabrous above except
the prominent tomentose midrib ferruginously pubescent beneath elliptic-
oblong shortly acuminate, base obliquely rounded, lateral nerves about
15-18 pairs, panicle shorter than leaves pyramidally branched, peduncle
and branches ocliraceously pubescent, bracts caducous, pedicels as long
as the flowers, calyx at length trancate-dentate, stamens about equalling
the petals, style subterminal in fruit.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Tree ; young branchlets, pedicels and inflorescence ochraceously pubescent. Leaves
of flowering shoots 6-12 in.; petiole 2-4 in., striate and flat above; leaflets 4-6 by
l^-2\ in., petiolule |-4 in. Panicle 4-6 in., peduncle %-\^ in., pedicels -^^ in. Brac-
teoles minute. Cahjx minutely hispid. Petals covered with a glaucous bloom.
Stamens with filaments slightly dilated at the base, inserted just below the outer mar-
giu of the disk. Drvpe 4 in. long, globosely cylindric, reticulate and pruinose when
dry ; stone woody ; fruit-pedicel ^ in. long, stout. — This agrees in everything except
the small number of leaflets with S. tomentosa, BL, which occurs in Sumatra, and with
which it may eventually prove identical.
8. S. Maing-ayl, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets 7-9 glabrous on both sides
oblong-lanceolate shortly acuminate, base acute, lateral nerves about 10
curving towards the margin, panicle shorter than the leaves cyraosely dicho-
tomously branched, peduncle and branches minutely puberulous finally
glabrescent, bracts obsolete, pedicels rather longer than the flowers, calyx-
teeth deltoid obtuse, stamens shorter than the petals.
Santiria.] xxxvi. burserace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 539
Malacca, Maingay.
Tree ; branchlets smooth, striate, pale brown. Leaves of flowering shoots 10-22 in, ;
petiole 3-6 in., striate and flat above; leaflets 5-6 by H-2| in., petiolule ^-| in.
thickened at the apex. Panicle 10-12 in., peduncle 4 in., pedicels ^V i"- Bracteoles
very minute. Calyx and petals minutely puberulous and rather fleshy. Stamens
inserted below the margin of the crenate disk. Fruit unknown.
9. S. fasciculata, A. W. Benn, ; leaflets 7 glabrous on both surfaces
elliptic or elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely cordate-acuminate, base acute,-
midrib prorninent above, lateral nerves about 8 depressed above prominent
below divaricate curving towards the margin, panicle exceedmg the leaves
with long slender filiform puberulous branches bearing small distant fasci-
cles of minute flowers, bracts obsolete, calyx-lobes ovate acute, stamens
shorter than the petals.
Malacca, 3Iaingay.
Tree ; branchlets smooth with ashy-brown bark. Leojoes of flowering shoots about
1 ft ; petiole 2 in., with 2 lateral edges, scarcely flattened above, leaflets 4-5 in.,
l|-24 in. broad, petiolule about 1 in. transversely rugose thickened at either end.
Panicle rather longer than leaves, peduncle 3-4 in. long, pedicels twice as long or
shorter than flowers. Bracteoles obsolete. Flowers about ^V ^^- long. Calyx mi-
nutely hispid. Stamens inserted on the outer margin of the disk. Fruit unknown. —
This appears to agree very closely with the description of S. virgata, Bl., except that
the leaves have the midrib tomentose beneath.
9. TZtlGONOCUIiAl^YS, Hook. f.
A tree with pustulate tomentose-pubescent branches. Leaves alternate,
imparipinnate with opposite petiolulate leaflets. Flowers polygamous. Calyx
large, 3-partite, valvate, persistent. Petals 3, valvate, about equalling calyx.
Disk annular. Stamens 6, inserted in the margin of the disk ; filaments very-
short. Ovary 3-celled, nearly globose ; style straight, short, stigma
3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, axile. Drupe obliquely globose, 1-celled.
1-seeded.
1. T. G-riffithii, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc xxiii. 170, t. xxvii. ;
leaflets about 13-15 elliptic-acuminate rather coriaceous with a very pro-
minent midrib, panicle axillary, shorter than the leaves, flowers ruf<:)us-
tomentose with 2 spathulate bracts at base of the pedicel^ drupe glabrous
about the size of a cherry.
Malacca, Griffith.
10. FIX.ICIUIKE, Thwaites.
A lofty tree with angular often scaly branches. Leaves imparipinnate, >vith
opposite sessile leaflets and broadly-winged rachis. Flowers polygamous.
Calyx 5-partite, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, small, imbricate. Disk
5-lobed, tomentose. Stamens 5, inserted within the disk, equal ; filaments
subulate, free. Ovary globose, 2-celled ; style bent, stigma simple or
2-lobed; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Drupe fleshy, usually
1-celled, 1-seeded.
1. P. decipiens, Tkwaites Enum. 408; leaflets about 15 narrowly
elliptical quite glabrous -sometimes glaucous, wing of rachis spathulate
between each pair of leaflets, drupe about the size of a large pea nearly
globose glabrous. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. i. t. 129. Pteridophyllum decipiens.
540 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Filimim.
Thwaites, 1. c, 59, and in Hooh. Kew Journ. Bot. vi. 66, t. i. B, Rhus deci-
piens, W. <k A. Prodr. 172 ; Wight III. I 184, t. iD.—Bintn. FI. Zeyl. t. 45.
Western Pen' insula ; throughout the Western Ghats ascending to 4-5000 ft., Bed-
dome; Ceylon, in the central province, ascending to 3000 ft., Thicaites.
Order XXXVII. MELIACE^. (By W. P. Hiern, M.A.)
Trees or shrubs. Lmves alteniate, exstipulate, usually pinnate rarely
simple or bipinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, usually quite entire and
more or less oblique at base. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious,
regular, usually in axillary panicles. Cah/x 3-6-lobed rarely entire or with
free sepals, usually imbricated in bud. Petals 3-6, free or rarely connate at
the base, sometimes adhering to the lower half of the staminal tube, valvate
imbricated or contorted. Stamens 4-12, inserted outside the base of the
hypogynous disk, filaments connate in a tube or rarely free ; anthers erect,
usually sessile on the tube, included or exserted, 2-celled, longitudinally
dehiscing. HyixKfynous disk tubular annular or obsolete, free or connate
with the ovary. Ovary usually free, 2-5-celled ; style single, stigma disci-
form or capitate ; ovules 2, rarely more, collateral or superposed, raphe
ventral, micropyle superior. Fruit capsular drupaceous or baccate. Seed^
exalbuminous or sometimes with fleshy albumen, often enclosed in an
aril. — DiSTRiB. About 300 species, mostly tropical, widely spread over both
hemispheres. Miquel enumerates 113 species as occurring in the Indian
Archipelago.
Swictcnia [Nralingoni, Linn. (Mnhocrany) has heen successfully cultivated near Cal-
cutta and in Sikkim {Brandts For. Flor. 70) ; it is a native of the West Indies and
Central Africa.
In the development of the flower of this Order the staminal-tube and the style are
late in completing their growth.
Heynichia malleoides, Kth. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844 Coll. adnot. 8, supposed
to have come from East India, is a sj^ecies of Moschoxylum, near M. elegans, A. Jusa.^
and probably came from South Amenca.
Tribe I. MelleaD. Leaflets often toothed. Stamens united into a
tube. Cells of ovary 1-2-ovuled. Seeds not winged, albumen thin fleshy ;
cotyledons thin, foliaceous.
Leaves simple 1. Turrjea.
Leaves tritbliolate pinnate or 2-3-pinnate.
Flowers elongated. Style long.
Petioles winged. Ovules collateral 2. Naregamia.
Petioles not winged. Ovules superposed.
Disk tubular. Petals cohering half way. Fruit capsular,
loculicidally 5-valved 3. Munkonia.
Disk aimular. Petals free. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent 4. Melia.
Flowers globose. Style rather short 5. Cipadessa.
Tribe II. Trlchilieee. Leaflets entire. Stamens united into a tube
(free in one species of Walsura). Cdls of ovary 1-2-ovuled (2-5-ovuled in
Carapa). Seeds not winged, albumen ; cotyledons thick.
Flowers and staminal-tube oblong or linear. Style elongated.
Capsule loculicidal. Leaves pinnate.
Flowers oblong. Anthers short. Ovules 2 together, rarely
solitary 6. Dysoxylum.
Flowers linear or oblong. Anthers linear. Ovules solitary . 7. Chisocheton.
Berry indehiscent. Leaves trifoliolate 8. Sandokigum.
XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) 541
Flowers and staminal-tube globose or turbinate. Style short or
obsolete.
Anthers included in the staminal-tube or nearly so. Ovules 1-2
together. Seeds not angular.
Anthers 5, isomerous 9. Aglaia.
Anthers 6-10; flowers diplosteraonous.
Berry indehiscent - , ^ 10. Lansium.
Capsule loculicidal 11. Amooka.
Anthers exserted, or filaments free. Ovules 1-2 together. Seeds
not angular except Beddomea.
Seeds arillate. Calyx 4-5-fid. Flowers small.
Berry indehiscent, shortly tomentose 12. Walsura.
Capsule loculicidal, glabrous ... 13. Heynea.
Seeds exarillate. Calyx 4-5-partite. Flowers of moderate
size, 14. Beddomea.
Anthers included. Ovules 2-8 together. Seeds angular . .15. Carapa.
Tribe III. SwietenieaB. Stamens united into a tube. Celh of ovary
witli numerous ovules. Seech not winged.
Petals obovate, spreading. Staminal-tube cup-shaped. Disk wide.
Ovary 5-celled ......_..._.. 16. Soymida.
Petals oblong, erect-patent. Staminal-tube cylindrical. Disk ob-
solete. Ovary 3-celled 17. Chickrassia.
Tribe IV. CedreleBB. Stamens disXind. Cells of ovary 8-12-ovuled.
Petals oblong, erect. Stamens 4-6, sometimes with alternating
staminodes. Ovary 5-celled. Albumen thin fleshy ; cotyledons
subfolinceous 18. Cedrela.
Petals unguicnlate, spreading. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled.
Albumen wanting ; cotyledons plano-convex 19, Chloroxylon.
1. TURRSA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, quite entire or obtusely lobed.
Peduncles axillary, with numerous small bracts at base, bearing elongated
white or yellow flowers. Calyx campanulate, 5-4-fid. Petals 5-4, elongated,
spatliulate, imbricated in bud, free, diverging in full flower. Staminal-
tuhe elongated, toothed at the apex; anthers 10 or 8, short, inserted just
within th(i mouth, alternating with the teeth. Disk annular or obsolete.
Ovary 5- or more-celled ; cells opposite the calyx-lobes when equal in
number to them, with 2 superposed ovules ; style elongated, exserted,
stigma capitate. Capsule 4- or more-celled, loculicidal ; valves woody or
coriaceous, separating from the winged axis. Seeds with a broad ventral
hilum, albumen fleshy ;_ embryo foliaceous. — Disteib. A genus of 12-16
species, confined to tropical Asia, and tropical and South Africa.
1. T. virens, Linn. Mant Plant, alt. 237 ; glabrate, shining, leaves
elliptrc-oblong subacuminate emarginate coriaceous, base obtuse, flowers
yellow, style just exserted, capsule hairy. Sm. PL Ic. t. 10 ; not of Hel-
lenius ; Grah. Cat. LoJiib. PL 31 ; Penn. PL Jav. Par. 181; Dalz. i Giis.
Bomb. FL 36.
Western Peninsula; amongst lava heaps, Kozyiig; common on the Ghats, Dalz. db
Gibs.
An evergreen shrub, 3-4 ft. high, or a tree. Leaves 2^3| by 1-1 1 in., shortly
petioled, margins slightly revolute, paler beneath. Flowers 1-1 5 in. long, in axillary
542 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Turraa.
or lateral clusters, shortly peduncled. Caly.v shortly 5-fid, hairy. Staminal-tuhe about
1 in. long, with 10 lanceolate teeth. Ovary 5-celled. Capsule ^ in. long, hairy. /Seeds
not winged.
2. T. villosa, Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 182; more or less pubescent with
short hairs, leaves elliptic or ovate shortly acuminate thin, iDase obtuse or
caneate^ flowers white, style far exserted, capsule glabrate. Wvjiit Ic. t.
1593. Euonymus (sp.) Beddoim Fhr. Sylv. Anal. Gen. bdv.
Western Peninsula ; on the Anamallay and Mahableshwur hills ; Guzerat, at
Dolra, Hove in Hh. Banks.
A large shrub or small tree. Leaves in flower usually about 1^ in., in fruit 2-4 in.
and sometimes glabrate, entire, shortly petioled. Flowers sweet-scented, 1-1 ^ in.
long, in axillary clusters or short racemes, 3-6 together, about double the length of the
peduncles. Calyx short, pubesceut. Stamhial-Uihe |-1 in. long, glabrous as well as
the petals ; teeih very short. Ovary 5-celled.' CajiSide subglobose, about ^ in. long.
/Seeds not winged.
2. NAREGAMXA, W. & A.
A small glabrous and shining undershrub. Leaves trifoliolate. Peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. CV/7//a; small, campanulate, 5-cleft, deciduous.
Petals 5, free, elongate-si)athulate, imbricated in bud, at length spreading
above. Staminal-tube elongated, inflated above, obsoletelv lo-crenate at
the mouth; anthers 10, terminal, shortly oblong, inserted at the crenatures of
themouth,exserted,setaceous-apiculate. Bisk animi^v. Ovary 3-celled, ovules
2 collateral in each cell, pendulous ; style filiform, stigma capitate. Capstde
ovoid-globose, ;:-lobed, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved; valves separating
from the :j-winged axis. Seeds 2 in each cell, albumen fleshy ; embryo
foliaceous.— DisTRiB. One Indian species, represented in Angola, West Tro-
pical Africa by a shortly hairy form scarcely likely to prove specifically
distiftct.
1. N. alata, W. d: A. Prodr. i. 117; leaflets sessile cuneate-obovate
quite entire or obtusely lobed, common petioles winged. Wall. Cat. 9038 ;
Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 30 ; Balz. ct' Gibs. Bomb. FL 36 ; brury Ind. FL i. 161 ;
Wight Ic. t. 90. N. dentata, J//>y. in PL Uolunack. No. 79. Turrsea alata,
Wight ex W: tC- A. Lc.— Witede 11 art. Mat. x. t. '22.
Western Peninsula; or the Western Ghats froiii the Concan southwards.— Distrib.
Angola (a pubesceut form).
Branches erect or decumbent, from a few inches to 2 ft. long. Leaves 1-4 in. long;
terminal leaflets rather larger than the lateral ones and about the; length of the common
petiole. Flowers 1-1 4 in. long, quite white, lunger than the peduncles. >Style
yellow.
3. MUNXIONZA, Wight.
Shrubs or undershrubs with trifoliolate or unequally pinnate leaves,
entire or coarsely toothed leaflets, elongated flowers, and axillary few-
flowered peduncles. Calyx 5-partite, short at least in flower, i)ersi.stent,
subfoliaceous. Petals 5, elongate-spathulate, cohering half way. iStaminal-
tube adnate below to the corolla, cylindrical, 10-toothed at the apex ;
anthers 10, terminal, alternating with the teeth, setaceous-apiculate. Disk
membranous, tubular, sheathing the ovary and base of the style. Ovary 5-
celled ; cells opposite the sepals, 2-ovuled ; style elongated, slender, stigma
capitate ; ovules superposed. Capsule depressed-globose, 5-lobec], coria-
ceous, loculicidally 5-valved; valves separating from the 5-wiuged axis.
Munrania.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 543
^'eeJs winged, albumen thin. — Distrib. Three species confined to India
and the Malay Archipelago.
1. 3M[. pumila, Wight Ic. t. 91 ; III. i. 147 ; leaflets 3 rarely 4-5 elliptic-
lanceolate terminal one longer, peduncles axillary few-flowered crowded
near the top of the short stem. Thwaites Enum, 59. Melia pumila, Moon
Cat. 35.
Ceylon ; not uncommon in the warmer parts of the Island.
More or less hirsute, 8-6 in. above the ground ; leaves about as long ; petiole
scarcely half^s long; lateral leaflets subsessile ; terminal one l^-^^ in. long. Flowers
15-14 in. long, white, somewhat hairy outside. Peduncles short, bracteate. Sta-
minal-tube with subulate teeth. Fruit | in. diam., hairy. — Much valued in India as a
medicinal plant.
2. BI. Wallichii, WigM III. i. 147 ; leaflets 5-9 usually 7 opposite or
subopposite lanceolate or ovate lateral ones very shortly petioled, base
obliquely rounded or rarely cuneate, peduncles axillary bearing a few
fascicled flowers crowded at the top of the stem. Turra^a pinnata, Wall.
PL As. Rar. il 21, t. 119. K neilgherrica, Wight III. i. 147, t. 54.
Eastern Tropical Himalaya, in Sikkim. Khasia Mts. Nilghiri Mts. at Koondah
Ghat.
A shrub. Leaves approximated at the ends of the branches, 6-12 in. ; leaflets
1-5 in. by f-l^ in. ; petiole 2-4 in. Flowers 1-1 5 in. long, pale rose or white, hairy
outside. Peduncles 1 in. long, hairy, bent downwards after flowering, bracteate. Sta-
minal-tube with short subulate teeth. Fruit 4-| in- diam., hairy.
\
4. MEIiIA, Linn.
Trees with pinnate or 2-3-pinnate leaves, toothed or entire leaflets and
panicled axillary flowers ; pubescence often stellate-mealy. Caly^ short,
5-6-lobed, imbricated. Petals 5-6, free, spathulate-©blong, patent, imbri-
cated in bud. Staminal-tuhe cylindrical, dilated at bS,se and apex, 10- or
12-striate and -toothed ; anthers 10 or 12, included or partly exserted, short,
inserted near apex. Disk annular. Ovary 3-6-celled ; cells alternate to the
sepals when equal in number to them ; sttjle slender, nearly as long as the
tube, stigma capitate ; ovules ^ superposed. Fruit drupaceous, ISeeds
with thin fleshy albumen ; cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. A genus con-
taining scarcely more than the following five species.
Melia latifg^^§/$h Griff. Itin. Notes, AMQ2. is a misprint for Melica latifolia, floxb.
* Leaves smipiy pinnsite. ♦^ •* y
1. in. tomentosa, Roxb. Hcfd^ Betg. ^^^^l. Ind. ii. 394; leaves
simply pinnate, leaflets subsessilej 2o o}*more opposite lanceolate acumi-
nate needle-pointed firmly coriaceoi^ base obtuse, panicles spike-like on
long peduncles, flowers 5-merous, teeth of stammal tube linear-oblong
notched about equalling the anthers, ovary 5-celled
Penang, Roxburgh.
A large tree, with the young parts petioles lower surface of leaflets bracts calyx ex-
terior of petals interior of staminal-tube ovary and style downy. . Leaves 6 ft. or more
Ion.; continuing to expand leaflets at the apex ; leaflets ranging up to 1 ft. Flowers
pretty large, very numerous, crowded. Bracts subulate. Calyx cup-shaped, subentire.
Young fruit 5-celled, ^\ath 1. seed in each cell. — There is a coloured drawing of this
plant amongst Roxburgh's jfr^'ings in the Kew Herbarium, but no speciiuen.
544 XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hieni.) [Melia.
2. M. ezcelsa, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 12; leaves simply pinnate,
leaflets numerous (19) subopposite or alternate ovate-oblong rather ob-
tusely acuminate quite entire glabrous, base very oblique subauriculate,
panicle ascending about equalling the leaves, flowers 5-merous, calyx
short with rounded sepals, petals puberulent outside, staminal tube 10-fur-
rowed obtusely 10-20-toothed, anthers 10 somewhat exserted, style rather
thickly filiform, ovary 3-celled. Griff. NotuL iv. 499 ; Ilook. Bot. Misc. i.
281 ; Wall. Cat. 1253, b no7i B.
Penang, Jack, Walltxih ; Mergui, Oriffith (cult. ?)
A lofty tree of 50 ft. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, 2-2 4 It. ;
petiole terete, thickened and somewhat scaly at base; leaflets 3-6 by 1^-2 in., petio-
lules ^-J in. Pedicels short, bracteolate. Flowers white, ^-f in. long. iStaininal-tubc
glabrous outside. Ovary glabrous.
3. M. Azadirachta, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. l 385 ; leaves simply pinnate,
leaflets 9-15 opposite sub(»pposite or alternate lanceolnte acuminate oblique
or subfalcate serrate glabrous shortly petioluled st)metimes sublobed near
the obtuse base, flowers 5-merous, calyx 5-fid with obtuse or rounded
lobes, petals shortly ciliate, anthers nearly equalling the obtuse teeth of
the staminal tube, ovary 3-celled, fruit 1-celled 1-seeded. Moxb. llort.
Beng. 33 ; Fl. Iml. ii. 394 ; Griff. iVottd. iv. 5fK) ; Wall. Cat. 1251 ; Bedd. Fl.
tSfjlvat. t. 1 4 ; scarcely of Gofrtner. M. parviflora, M(xm Cat. 35. M. indica,
Brandis For. Flo7\ 07. Azadirachta indica, Ad7\ Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix.
221, t. 13, f. 5; W. ii' A. Frodr. I 118 ; Wight Ic. t. 17 ; Grah. Cat, Bomh.
PL 30 ; Dalz. ^' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36.— Jiheede Jlort. Mai. iv. t. 62.
A common tree throughout the greater part of India, often planted, as elsewhere in
hot climates. *
A large tree of 40-50 ft.,, with a straight trunk. Leaves 8-15 in., crowded near
the o»da of the branches; leaflets 1-3 by 4-1 i in. Floicers white, honey-scented,
ff-o i"-^Jff- L>rype oblong„4-i '"• '^^^S- — ^^^^ "Neera;" "the seeds supply oil: see
jBuchanari, Journ. MadrA. 9 ; a gum is also said to exude from the tree, Bach. I.e.
188. The wood re8emll(B|iyiahogany, and the bark is very bitter.
** Leaves twice or three timp pinnate.
4. M. Azedaracli, JJnn. Sp. PI. c<:^W^84; leaves bi^innate occa-^j
sionally tripinuate, ultimate leaflets 3-12^Mtsite subopposite or alternaj;e. "
ovate or lanceolate serrate or entire c^cuminate, base more' or less obliqi^,4'
flowers usually 5-merous, calyx deeuly 4obed lobes lai^glate-oblong, ^
petals puberulent, »uthers nearly eyMng the linecl^^AIBl^e teeth ofs^
the purple quite oiynearlv glal)n)ua»,Mft<il tube, ovai^fc^^BJ fniit with
5 or fewer cells aiyd seeds. RooSjmKwtfnieng. 33; Fl. mWfJK^^ ', Wight
Ic. t. 160 ; Wall. Cat. 1250 >jboimkFl. ^tent. L 954 : W. d: A.M^dr. i. 117 ;
Adr. Juss. in Mhn. J/^.^H?. tj.l3,j4; Bot. Mag. t. 106^; Bedd. Fl.
Sijlvat. t. 13 ; Brandis Fo7\ Flor. (to. ^M sempervirens, Sw. Prodr. 67 ; Bot.
Beg. t. 643 ; lioxb. Uort. Beng. 3,mFl. Ind. ii. 395 ; Wall. Cat. 1252 ;
Dalz. (6 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Sappl. 15. It Bukay\^% i?oy/e lU. Bot. 144 ; On^iff.
Itin. Notes 355, 403. / ' s
Commonly cultivated in India; wild in the sub-Himalayan tract, alt. 2-3000 ft. —
DiSTRiB. Persia, China, {Eoxb.) — Cult, elsewhere.
A tree from 40 ft. downwards with a short erect tnmkiand broad crowmv *te<7we»
9-18 in. ; leaflets ^-3 by ^-1^ in. Floicers lilac, i-lLin. long, honey-scented^ Drupe
subglobose, ^-f in. diam. — Numerous synonyms not stig Indian are omitted. Wood
hard- finely marked ; the seeds are used to make robarr^
Melia.] xxxvri. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 545
5. M. dubia, Cav. Diss, (vii.) 364(1789); leaves bipinnate or occa-
sionally tripinnate, ultimate leaflets 2-1 1 opposite ovate or oblong-lanceolate
entire or crenate-serrate acuminate, base more or less oblique, panicles mealy
with stellate hairs rather dense, calyx-lobes ovate, petals mealy, anthers
exceeding the numerous short subulate teeth of the hairy mouth of the
white staminal tube, ovary 5-celled, fruit with 5 or fewer cells and seeds.
M. composita, Willd. Sp. PL ii. 559 (1799), not of De Candolle ; W. <k A.
Prodr. i. 117 ; Dak. (& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36; Thwdites Enum. 59; Bedd. Fl.
Sylvat. t, 12 ; Brandis For. Flor. 69. M. superba, Roxh. Ilort. Beng. 33 ;
Fl Ind. ii. 396 ; Wall. Cat. 1254. M. robusta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; FL
Ind. ii. 397. M. australasica, Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. 257. M. aethio-
Eica, Welw. Apontam. Phyto-qeogr. Prov. Angola, 584. M. Bombolo, Welw.
c. 561. M. argentea, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. Gat. 1254, C.
The Eastern and Western Peninsulas ; Birma and Ceylon; wild and cultivated.
— DisTRiB. Tropical Asia, Australia, and Angola,
A large handsome tree. Leaves 9-24 in.; leaflets |-3 by \-l^ in. Flowers greenish-
white, fragrant, \-\ in. long. Drupe ellipsoidal, ^ in. or more long. — By the kindness
of Dr. Keeper, Professor of Botany at the University of Kostock, I have been enabled
to examine the original specimen of M. dubia, Cav.y and to ascertain its identity
with M. composita, Willd.
5. CIFADIISSA, Blume. [Mallea, Juss.).
Shrubs or small trees with odd-pinnate leaves, opposite or subopposite
coarsely serrate or entire leaflets, axillary peduncled panicles and sub-
globose flowers. Calyx small, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong,
rather short, spreading, free, valvate in bud. Staminal tube deeply 10-lobed,
adnate below to the disk, lobes linear, bifid at the apex ; anthers short,
inserted between the teeth, subapiculate. Disk shortly' cup-shaped, wholly
adnate to the base of the staminal tube. Ovary 5-celled ; cells alternate
with thcj calyx-lobes : style rather short, stigma clavate-capitate ; ovules
t'^a.eollateral, pendulous. Drupe slightly fleshy, 5-ribbed, 5-celled ; ribs
.-alternate with the calyx-lobes ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds with fleshy albu-
men ; embryo subfoliaceous. — Disteib. A genus of 2 species, limited to
India and^^the Malay Archipelago.
'uticosa, Blume Bijd. 162 ; leaflets 7-11 ovate or elliptic entire
ly serrate pubescent on the nerves beneath, ovary glabrous. CV
?ra, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 6. C. 1 subscandens, Miq. I.e. 7.
Ikx bacjifera. Roth Nov. Sp. 215. Ekebergia indica, Roxb. Hort. Bena. 33;
592; Wall. Cat. 1256. E. ? integerrima. Wall. Cat. 1257 . Mallea
[dr. Ju^s. in Mem. Mus. xix. 222, t. 13, f. 6 ; W. d^ A. Prodr. i. 118 ;
Bomb. PI. SI; Thwaites Enum. 60 ; Dalz. d^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 37 ;
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. liv. t. 8, f. 5. M. integerrima, Wall, ex Voigt
Sub. Calc. 134. M. subscandens, Teysm. d Binnend.. in Nat. Tidjdschr.
NeT^r, Ind. xxvii. 39. Melia montana, Hb. Madr. ex Wall. Cat. 1256, D.
W;^ERN H^NiNSULA ; from the Concan and Gircars southwards to Ceylon. —
Dtstuib. Java.
A^^l,acb branched shrub, erect or in dense moist forests somewhat scandent. Leaves
Smifi in.; leaflets 1-34 by \-^h i"-> shortly petiolulate. Flowers \-\ in. long;
panicles mostly on long peduncles. Fruit \-^ in. diam.
VOL.^^ N N
646 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Dysoxylum.
6. Z>VSOXirX.VM, Blume.
Trees, mostly glabrous. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets quite entire, opposite
subopposite or alternate, more or less acuminate at the apex and oblique at
the base, coriaceous. Flowers paniculate, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-fid,
dentate or partite or subentire, imbricated, caducous. Petals 4-5, oblong,
spreading, valvate or slightly imbricated. jSta7ni?ial tube cylindrical, den-
tate or crenulate at mouth ; anthers short, 6, 8 or 10, included or half
exserted. Disk tubular, equalling or twice the length of the ovary, cre-
nulate or entire at the mouth. Ovary usually 3-4-celled ; style about
equalling the staminal tube ; ovules usually 2 in each celL Capsule globose
or ^ear-shaped, coriaceous (often thickly so), 1-4-celled, loculicidal ; seeds
arillate or exarillate, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Species about 40, many
in the Malay Archipelago, and a few in Australia and New Zealand.
The Indian Bpeciee appear to be endemic. Many species emit an alliaceous odour.
Sect. L Calyx cup-shaped, subentire, about half the length of the
flower.
1. D. binectariferam, Hook.f. ex Bedd. in Trav^. Linn. Soc. xxv.
212 ; pallid, leaflets 5-9 alternate elliptic acuminate glabrous, panicles
nearly glabrous much shorter than the leaves, pedicels shorter than the
4-merous obsoletely tomentose flowers, calyx thick urceolate-cupshaped
subentire, petals valvate except the apex, disk glabrous inside scarcely
so outside twice as long as the 4-celled shortly hairy ovary, style very
shortly hairy, fruit obovoid somewhat pyriform or subglobose nearly
glabrate or puberulous. Guarea binectarifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 ; FL
Ind. ii. 240; Wall. Gat. 1260; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 31. D. macrocarpum,
Thwaites Enum. GO; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 150; Anal. Gen. liv. ; not of
Blume. G. Gotadlfora, Bnch. Ham. in Edinh. Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 307 ;
Wall. Cat. 4884, excl. lett. B. Epicharis exarillata, Am. ex W. (^ A. Prodr.
i. 120, 7iot of Nimmo. 1 G. Amaris, llamilt. I.e. 308.
Khasia Mra. and Assam ; Westekn Peninsitla from the Concan southwards ;
Ceylon (? Sikkim Himalaya and S. Andaman Isldb.).
A tree 30 ft. high or more. Leaves 9-18 in.; leaflets 2^-7 by 1-3 in. ; petiolules
|-§ in. Flowers % in., pale green ; cal} x nearly half the length of the flower ; 8taminal
tube somewhat mealy on both sides. Fruit 2^ in. h>ng, reddish, 4-celled, 4-seeded.
Seeds polished, dark purple. — The form with 8maller and narrower leaves is the var. /S
of Dr. Thwaites. Amoora ficiformis, Wight Jlbistr. Ind. Bat. i. 147, closely resembles
the Ceylon specimens, and may be synonymous with this species.
Sect. II. Calyx 4-5-fid or -partite or -sepalous, mostly short. •
* Flotvers paiiicled.
t Ovary glabrous.
2. D. brevlpes, Iliem ; leaflets 5-11 opposite or alternate elliptic or
ovate-oblong acuminate glabrous, ultimate oedicels shorter than the
glabrous flowers, calyx small cup-shaped irregularly 4-toothed, petals (3-) 4,
disk exceeding the 3-4-celled glabrous ovary, fruit pear-shaped 4-valved.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree. Leaves 8-24 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 1-2 in., sometimes obscurely pellucid-
punctate ; lateral veins more or less depressed on the upper surface ; petiolules ^§ in.
Flowers ^-i in., white, with a strong alliaceous smell ; petals distinctly but slightly im-
bricated at the margin ; staminal tube pilose inside ; connective obtusely apiculate ; ovary
glabrous ; style glabrous, smooth, stigma discoid flattened at apex, its base surrounded
Dysoxylum.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 647
by a viscid ring. Ovules 2 together, superposed. Fruit brownish-orange, 1^-2 in.
long ; seeds attached by a broad ovoid bile to the axis ; testa externally of a chestnut
colour.
ft Ovary more or less hairy.
X Disk densely hairy at the mouth.
3. I>. thyrsoldeuxn, Griff, mss. sub Hartighsea ; leaflets 5-9 more or less
alternate elliptic or oblong acuminate glabrous shining, panicles divaricately
branched, ultimate pedicels about equalling the glabrous 4-5-merous
flowers, calyx small cup-shaped or nearly flat irregularly toothed, disk
hairy on both sides especially at the mouth fleshy truncate rather exceeding
the 3-celled slightly hairy ovary, fruit obovoid.
Malacca, Griffith [Kew distrih. 1053).
A tree. Leaves 12-16 in,; leaflets 4-10 by 2-3 1 in.; lateral veins obscurely de-
pressed on the upper surface; petiolule |-^ in. Flowers ^ in,, white. Fruits fleshy,
2-3-lobed, umbilicate, nearly 1 in, long. Fruiting peduncles stout, woody. Style robust,
stigma discoid sub-3-lobed. Seeds exarillate.
4. X>. procerum, Hiern ; leaflets 7-10 alternate or opposite elliptic or
oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous, branches of elongated panicle spread-
ing, ultimate pedicels very short, bracteate near the apex, calyx shortly
cup-shaped 4-5-toothed, corolla appressedly pubescent 4-5-merous, anthers
8 or 10, disk twice the length of the 3-4-celled hairy ovary hairy at the
apex and inside, fruit pyriform-globose, pericarp thick, seeds arillate.
Guarea procera, Wall, Cat. 1261. G. oblonga. Wall. Cat. 1262. G. Gobara,
Hamilt. in Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 306 (1832) ; Wall. Cat. 4885. Hartighsea
Gobara, W.&A. ex VoigtHort. Sub. Calc. 136. Cfr. Guarea acuminata. Wall,
Cat. 1263, Cfr. G. disyphonia, Griff. Notul. iv. 503.
From Assam, the Khasia Mts., and Cachae to Tenasserim.
A large tree. Xeaues 1-24 ft. ; leaflets 4-14 by 2-6 in.; petiolule |-| in. Flowers
f-4 in, ; petals valvate or very slightly imbricate ; staminal tube glabrous. Fruit
2 by H in., 3-4.celled.
1^ Disk glabrous at the mouth or nearly so.
5. D. g^rande, Hiern; puberulent, leaflets 12 alternate oblong
caudate-acuminate base rounded, panicles about equalling leaves, flov/ers
shortly pedicelled clustered 4-merous, calyx 'short, staminal tube thinly
pubescent on both sides 8-toothed teeth bifid, disk shortly tubular glabrous
outside rather exceeding the hairy 4-celled ovary. Guarea grandS, WaU,
Cat. 4883.
Eastern Bengal; at Silhet {Wall.) .
Leaves 2 ft. ; petiole 5i in. long; leaflets 5-9 by 2^-3 in. ; petiolules |: in. Flowers
I in. long,
6. 1>. Maing-ayl, Hiern ; leaflets 5-7 opposite or subopposite elliptic
obtusely acuminate glabrous base cuneate, panicles short not much
branched, flowers about equalling the pedicels 5-merous, calyx short
flattish very shortly toothed, staminal tube obtusely crenate, anthers 10,
disk just exceeding the hairy 4-celled ovary.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves 6-9 in., pale ; leaflets 2^-5 by 1-2 in.; lateral petiolules short, terminal \ in.
Panicles 1\ in. long. Petals somewhat hairy outside, adnate in bud with the glabrous
staminal tube, at length free, J in. long. Dish glabrous outside, hirsute inside, 5-
toothed. Style glabrous except the base. — According 'to Dr. Maiugay's mss,, the
ovary is 5-celled, each cell opposite a calyx-lobe and containing 2 collateral ovules.
N N 2
648 xxxvTi. MELiACEJE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Dysoxylum,
7. D. Kamiltonll, Hiem; shoots tawny velvety, leaflets 9-17 oppo-
site or suboppoisite oblong acuminate velvety on the midrib beneath,
panicles lax axillary shorter than the leaves, pedicels slender about equalling
or shorter than the flowers, calyx very small 4-partite with rounded con-
cave imbricated lobes pubescent, petals 4 glabrous, staminal tube pubescent
on both sides, anthers 8, disk glabrous on both sides twice the length of
the ovary, style slender pubescent below glabrous above, ovary pubescent
3-celled. Guarea mollis, WaJl. niss. G. paniculata, Wall. Cat. n. 4882, not
of Roxb. Epicharis mollis, Wall, ex Voigt Ilort, Sub. Calc. 135. G. Alliaria,
Hamilt. in Mem. Werii. Soc. vi. 305 (1832) excl. syii. Rumph. Hartighsea
Alliaria, Am. ex Voigt Uort. Suh. Gale. 136.
Assam and Silhet.
A large tree. Leaves erect, 15-20 in. ; leaflets 4 by \\ in. ; petiolules \ in. Inflo-
rescence 6 in. long and wide ; flowers \ in. long, greenish-white.
8. 1>. malabariciun, Bedd. mss. ; leaflets about 8 subopposite ovate
or subelliptic acuminate obsoletely puberulent base cuneate shortly
petioluled, panicles many-flowered puberulent, pedicels short, flowers 4-
merous, calyx cleft halfway short, disk short mouth not very hairy, ovary
shortly pubescent 4-celled, ovules 2 together collateral, fruit globose both
ends pointed. Dysoxylum (sp.), Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxv. 212 ; FL
Sylv. Anal. Gen. p. liv.
Western Peninsula ; Mountains of Kurz .ind Travancor, alt. 2-3000 ft., Bcddome.
An immense tree. Leaves .\\a\\\i\, I4 ft. ; leaflets 5-8 by 1^-2^ in. ; petioles angular,
44 in. ; petiolnles ^ in. Flowers ^ in. Anthers short. Fruit 2 in. aiam., veiTucose,
longitudinally lined, nearly glabrous, bright yellow when ripe, 3-4-seeded. Seeds
bluntly 3-sided, attached by their whole inner face to the central placenta ; testa
reddisli-brown ; cotyledons green. — Called Porapil by the Kaders on the Auamallays.
** Flowers racemose or sjncate.
t Leaflets alternate.
9. D. pallens, Hiem ; leaflets 5-10 alternate oblong or elliptic narrowly
acuminate glabrous, inflorescence axillary racemose, pedicels nut exceeding
the closely puberulent 4-merous flowers, calyx shortly cup- shaped 4-fld,
anthers 8, disk glabrous on both sides coarsely toothed about equalling
the hairy 3- (-2)-oelled ovary, style shortly hairy below, fruit pyriform,
seeds exarillate ?
SiKKiM Himalaya (Herb. Oriff.) ; Mishmi and Kiiasia Mts., Griffith.
A small or moderate-sized tree; shoots pale. Leaves 9-32 in.; leaflets 3-8 by
1 J-3 in. ; petiolule \-\ in. Flowers ^ in., greenish ; calyx rjj— ^ '"• ^^ng ; petals valvate;
staminal tube glabrous on both sides, obtusely 6-8-toothed. Fruit l| by 1 in., slightly
pubescent.
10. I>. Beddomei, Hiern ; leaflets 7-9 alternate glabrous submem-
branous ovate- or elliptic-oblong narrowly and obtusely acuminate base
oblique obtuse or cuneate, inflorescence axillary spicate somewhat branched
near the base, flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicelled 4-merous pube-
rulent, calyx very short, teeth short obtuse, staminal tube puberulent on
both sides, disk glabrous exceeding, the hirsute ovary.
South Travancor, Beddome.
A middling-sized tree ; young parts puberulent. Leaves pale-green, 12-15 in.; leaf-
lets 4-6 by 14 to 2 in., midrib and lateral veins pale beneath ; petiolulas \-\ in. Inflo'
rescence 3-6 in., 1-2 in. wide. Fowers | in. long. Petals imbricated. Staminal tube
shortly toothed. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules collateral.
Dysoxylum.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 549
11. D. flavescens, Hiern; leaflets 9-13 alternate elliptic acuminate
glabrous midrib alone conspicuous, flowers subsessile crowded in elongated
axillary spikes 4-5-merous minutely hairy, calyx very short nearly flat
toothed, petals very slightly imbricated pale yellow, staminal tube glabrous
below slightly pilose above, disk glabrous exceeding the 4-celled shortly
hairy ovary.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves 1-2 h.\ leaflets 3-5 by l|-2 in.; petiolules |-| in. Flowers I'm.; calyx
minutely spongio-pilose (Maingay mss.) ; petals minutely pilose outside, glabrous
inside ; anthers black ; style very minutely and sparingly pilose, stigma discoid, sur-
rounded at the base by a ring. Disk dull reddish-orange, entire or undulated at the
mouth. Ovules 2 together, superposed.
12. D. Griffithii, Hiern; leaflets alternate about 11 oblong-lanceolate
acuminate glabrous shining, racemes from the axils of fallen leaves at tlie
lower parts of the branches short, pedicels shorter than the 4-merous
nearly glabrous flowers, calyx very short nearly flat, staminal tube puberu-
lent outside glabrous inside, disk glabrous equalling or rather exceeding the
4 (3-)-celled somewhat hairy ovary, style puberulent. Hartighsea ramiflora,
Griff. Notul. iv. 501.
Malacca, Griffith.
Branclilets subsimple, elongated, flowering below, leafy above ; youngest parts fer-
ruginous-scaly. Leaves 1-1 4 ft. ; leaflets 4^-5 by 1^ in.; petiolules \m. Floioers
pale-yellow, quickly turning brown ; petals ^ in. by yjj in. Bacemes 1 in. long. — In the
axils of the lowest leaves a short raceme sometimes occurs.
ft Leaflets opposite or subopposite.
13. I>. cauliflorum, Hiern; pallid, leaflets about 13 opposite or sub-
opposite elliptic or oblong obtusely and shortly acuminate glabrous
chartaceous, base cuneate, spikes clustered on the trunk much shorter than
the leaves tawny-pubescent, flowers crowded 4-merous,. calyx obscurely
4-toothed, petals puberulent, staminal tube rather pubescent on both sides
8-lobed, lobes notched at apex, anthers 8 included short, style shaggy
below not exserted, disk tubular glabrous much exceeding the ovary much
shorter than the hairy style obscurely and obtusely 4-toothed, ovary 4-
celled hairy " cells 1-ovuled." {Maingay.)
Malacca, Maivgay.
A tree. Leaves 1-2 ft. ; leaflets 4-8 by 1^-3^ in. Shoots tawny-velutinous ; petio-
lules ^-\ in. or terminal one longer. Inflorescence 3-4 in. long ; flowers ^-| in. long.
Calyx tV-td ii^- long. Fruit 1 in. long, 'nearly glabrous, 1-2-seeded, subglobose, 4-
valved, deep dull red.
14. I>. cuneatum, Hiern; leaflets 13 opposite or subopposite elliptic
obtuse or shortly acuminate glabrous, base cuneate, inflorescence spicate
shorter than the leaves, flowers 4-merous subsessile, calyx campanulate
obtusely cleft halfway down shortly pubescent, petals nearly glabrous slightly
imbricated, staminal tube with 8 hairy lines outside pubescent inside, disk
nearly equalling the ovary glabrous outside densely hairy inside, style
pilose-pubescent below, ovary densely hairy 4-celled, fruit subglobose.
Malacca, Maingay; (?Sincapore, T. Anderson).
A large tree. Leaves 2-2^ ft.; leaflets 4-7 by 2-3 in. ; petiolules |-| in., some-
what tumid at base. Flowers | in. long ; calyx nearly half the length of the flower ;
style i-obust. Fruit 1 in. long, 3-valved. — Local name "Tautoolan." According to Dr.
Maingay 's ms. notes, the staminal tube is campanulate, cleft into 10 narrowly quadrate
650 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Dysoxylum.
divisions slightly crenulate at the margins ; stamens 10 ; ovary 5-celled, each cell con-
taining 1 subborizontal ovule ; s^eds with an incomplete orange arillus.
7. CKZSOCKETON, Blume. (Schizocliiton.)
Trees or shrubs. Leaves- pinnate, quite entire, opposite or subopposite :
leaflets more or less oblique. Panicles supra-axillary divaricately branched
many-flowered, rarely axillary or flowers in spicate racemes ; fl(jwers poly-
gamo-dioecious. Calyx small, cup-sliiiped, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, very
rarely 6, usually linear-elongated, Long cohering in a tube especially below,
at lengtli spreading, somewhat imbricated or valvate. IStaminal tube elon-
gated, slender, tubular, 4-8-lobed at the apex, lobes entire or toothed'
anthers linear, equal in number to and alternnte with the lobes, included
or somewhat exserted. iJisk short and fleshy or tubular. Ovary short, 2-4-
celled ; style flliform, usually exceeding the staminal tube, stigma capitate ;
ovules usually one in each cell. Cajjside subglobose, thickly coriaceous, 2-4-
celled, loculicidally 2-4-valved. /Seeds usually enclosed in an imperfect aril,
hile usuallv suborbicular or oval ; cotyledons usmdly peltate.— Distrib. A
genus of about 12 species confined to Eastern India and the Indian Archi-
pelago.
Sect. I. Racemes spicate.
1. C. splcatus, Hum; leaflets 4 or 6 opposite elliptic or oblong
acuminate glabrescent, base cuneate shortly petiolulate, racemes spicate
axillary, calyx entire, staminal tube obtusely 5-6-toothed, anthers 5-6.
Malacca, Maingay„
A tree abf)ut 30 It. high. Young parts and ivjlorescence pale tawny, piiberulent.
Leaver 8-12 in., terminating in a growing point; leatleta 2-6 by l|-2 in., but little
oblique. /Spikes 4-6 in., about double the length of the common peduncle ; flowers sub-
sessile, 4-§ ii^- lor^g j bracteoles ovate, small. Petals 4. Stamimil tube apprcssedly
pubescent on both sides. Pruit (immature) attenuate at both ends, especially to-
wards apex, obsoletely tomentose.
Sect. II. Flowers panicled.
* Antliers 5 or fewer.
2. C. erythrocarpus, Iliern ; leaflets 10-12 opposite elliptic or
oblong obtusely cuspidate glabrate above, base obtuse, panicles about half
the length of the leaves mauy-flowered supra-axillary, anthers 5, disk in-
conspicuous, fruit globose base stipitate.
Malacca, Maingay.
Young parts petioles petiolules and fruit tawny and shortly tomentose. Leaves ter-
minating in growing points, about 1 ft. long or more ; leaflets 3-6 by 1^-2 in, ; petio-
lules ^\ in. Flowers y^ in. long ; pedicels short. Calyx 3-5-toothed. Petals
5, valvate. Staminal tube truncately 5-toothed at apex, pubescent on both sides, teeth
centrally emarginate, truncate ; anthers 5, included. Ovary 2-'?-celled; ovules solitary.
Fruit bright blood-red. Seeds exarillate, 1 in. long ; testa very thick, coriaceous, bright
orange ; hile f-^ in. diam.
3. C. pendullflorus, Planch, rnss. in Hh. Kew.; tawny velvety, leaf-
lets 10-11 opposite elliptic or ovate or upper ojies obovate cuspidate base
rounded or subcordate except of the upper leaflets, panicles elongated
supra-axillary very narrow pendulous, flowers 4-5-merous elongated, calyx
toothed or entire, staminal tube appressedly pilose outside below its 3-5
lobes, sparingly pilose inside below the middle, lobes deeply emarginate,
anthers 3-5 included sessile, style very slender glabrous above pilose below,
disk glabrous free short cupular fleshy. Melia penduliflora. Wall. Cat. n. 1255.
ChisocJietm.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 551
Malacca, 3Iaingay ; Penang, Porter.
A small tree or shrub. Leaves 1-2 ft. ] leaflets 3-9 by 1^-3 in.; petiolules very
short. Panicles nearly as long as the leaves. Flowers |-| in. long, clustered, sub-
sessile, dull red. Voung fruit fusiform-oblong, appressedly silky, i in. long.
** Anthers 6-8.
t Flowers subsessile or on very short pedicels.
X Teeth ofstaminal tube lanceolate.
4. C. g'lomeratus, Hiern ; young parts inflorescence lower surface of
leaflets and midrib above hispid -pubescent tawny, leaflets 2-5-7 opposite
elliptic cuspidate base rounded very shortly petiolulate, panicles supra-
axillary equalling the leaves, flowers subsessile clustered, calyx obscurely
toothed, petals 4 nearly glabrous, staminal tube 6-toothed teeth lanceolate
entire silky inside, anthers 6 somewhat exserted, style very hairy.
Schizochiton ? Wall. Cat. 9040.
Penang hills, Porter.
A very lofty tree, and stout in proportion. Leaves 1-1 4 ft., often terminating
in a growing point; leaflets 4-8 by 14-2^ in. Floioers \ in. long or more, glabrous,
white. — A specimen in fruit from Malacca (Hb. Griffith, Kew distr. n. 1065), with a
leaf 2 ft. long and leaflets 6-10 by 2^-34 in., and fruit 1^ in. long, seems to belong to
this species.
5. C. frag-rans, Hiern; subglabrous, leaflets 16-28 subopposite
elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate nervose shortly petiolulate, base obtuse
oblique, male panicles elongated about equalling the leaves, flowers
4-merous, calyx 4-toothed or subentire, teeth of staminal tube 6-5 entire,
fruiting racemes elongated pendulous equalling or shorter than the leaves,
fruits subglobose somewhat pyriform pedicelled 2-celled, cells 1-2-seeded.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay 324.
A lofty tree. Leaves 1^ ft., dark green ; leaflets 11-4 by |-1? in. ; petiolules \-^ in.
Floioering panicles 1 ft. or more iong, pendulous, supra -axillary ; flowers ^ in. long, very
fragrant, shortly pedicelled. Petals slightly imbricated above, glabrous, reflexed to the
middle. Staminal tube petalnid, glabrous outside, hairy inside ; teeth lanceolate, acute,
spreading. Anthers 6-5, sessile, exserted. Ovary 2 ?-celled ; style appressedly hairy.
Disk annular, fleshy. Fruiting racemes 1 ft. or more long. Fruits obsoletely tomen-
tose, reddish brown,^l| in. diam., 2-celled ; few, many being abortive, on short pedicels
stouter than the peduncle. Aril large, fleshy, white, covering half the seed ; hile broadly
oval. Cotyledaas greenish, very thick, fleshy, deeply auricled.
6. C. liolocal3rxy Hiern; subglabrous, leaflets 17-23 narrowly oblong
narrowly acuminate opposite or subopposite petiolulate, base obliquely
cuneate, margins narrowly revolute, panicles elongated narrow drooping
supra-axillary, flowers 4-merous, calyx truncate entire, staminal tube pu-
bescent especially inside 6-8-toothed teeth lanceolate acute entire or bifid,
anthers 6-8 somewhat exserted sessile, style appressedly pubescent, disk
annular fleshy about equalling the short ovary.
Malacca, Maingay; Sincapore, T.Anderson.
Leaves 2-3 ft.; leaflets 3-7 by 1-1 1 in. ; petiolules ^-\ in. Panicles nearly equal-
ling the leaves with very short divaricate branches ; pedicels very short. Flowers g in.
long. Petals glabrous except the apex. Ovary. 2-celled. — " Flowers with a sterco-
raceoue odour like Psederia" {^Maingay). Closely allied to C. divergens. Plume.
Xt Teeth of staminal tube oblong.
7. C. dysoxylifolius, Kurzin Jcmm. As, Soc. Beng^xlAiJ 4Q {\^1\) ;
leaflets alternate oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous subcur-
552 xxxvii> MELiACE^, (W. P. Hiem.) [Ckisochetm.
iaceous shortly and thickly petiolulate, base oblique rather obtuse, pani-
cles supra-axillaiy pyramidal elongated more or less fjubescent, flowers
subsessile 4-nierous, calyx obsoletely toothed very thinly pubescent, petals
pubescent, staminal tube appressedly pubescent 6-lobed at the apex lobes
oblong obtuse entire quite- glabrous, anthers 6, ovary and style pubescent
towards the base.
Martaban, at Thoungyeen, Brandxs.
A tree, glabrous in most parts. Leaves large, " very like those of Dysoxylum acomi-
uatissimum," iTwrz/ leaflets 6-12 by 3-4 in. ; petiolules puberulent, 4 in- Panicles
1 4 ft. or more ; bracteoles small, lanceolate, pubescent ; flowers 4 in. long. tStyle equal-
ling the staminal tube.
8. C. grrandiflorus, Kurz in Jmirii. A&, Soc. Beng. xli. iL 296 (1872) ;
leaflets 8-13t opposite or subopposite oblong or oblong-lanceolate shortly
acuminate glabresceut above except the nerves softly pubescent beneath
shortly and thickly petiolulate, panicles axillary slender densely tawny-tomen-
tose, flowers subsessile clustered, calyx cup-shaped obsoletely 4-toothed,
densely pubescent outside as well as the 4-0 petals, glabrous inside, staminal
tube sparingly pubescent outside glabrous inside 6-7-lobed lobes oblong
truncate entire, anthers 6-7 included, capsules 3-lobed pyriforni 3-valved.
Plagiotaxis grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 1271. Dysoxylum grandiflorum, RoeTn,
tSipiopii.i. 135; W. d' A. Frodr. i. 123. Diplotaxis grandiflora, Wall, ex
Kurz Rep. Veg. Andam, ed. ii 33. Epicharis sp. Kwz I.e. ed. i. p. iv.
Tenasserim, Gomez; S. Andaman, Kurz.
A moderately- sized or large tree with young parts tawny velvety-tomentose or
pubescent. Leajiett 6-10 in. Flowers ^-^ in. long, silkytomentose, subtended by
a widely oblong densely tawny- pnbescent calyx \ in. long. Panicles on long pe-
duncles. Ovary and iftyle tawny-pubescent. Dish cup-shaped, as high as the ovary,
glabrous. Cajjsule 1| in. long; seeds solitary; aril complete, orange,
ft Flowers on slender pedicels.
9. C. paniculatus, IJiam; young parts and inflorescence hispid-
pubescent, leaflets 7-24 opposite or subopposite elliptic ovate-oblong or
oblong acuminate glabrescent or hispid-pubescent on the veins beneath
papery-coriaceous, base obtuse oblique shortly petiolulate, panicles usually
about equalling or exceeding the leaves with elongated lax branches,
flowers pubescent or glabrate on slender pedicels, calyx obscurely 4-toothed
staminal tube more or less pubescent on both sides obtusely 6-8-lobed lobes
deeply bifid, style pubescent below. Guarea paniculata, Koxb. Hort.
Beiig. 28; Fl. Ltd. ii. 242, not of WalL Dysoxylum multijugum, Am. ex
W. & A. Frodr. i. 121. D. paniculatum, Am. ex Wight Ic. u. 14a Tri-
chilia? longissima, Wall Cat n. 8069. Cupania (sp.) Wall. Cat. 8069.—
Wall. Cat. p. 250, n. 4884 B not A.
Eastern Bengal, Assam, Cachar, the Khasia Mts., and Tavov.
Leaves 15-36 in. or more; leaflets 4-10 by 14-4 in.; petiolules ^-;|^ in. Pa-
mcles axillary, 2-3 ft. lontr, ramifications hairy ; pedicels iV-i i°' long I flowers
i-f in. long, 4-merous, pale yellow ; rachis often angular. Ovary 4-celled, cells 1-
rarcly 2-ovuled. Ca^^sule 1-24 in- diam., globose, base pyriforra, 2-4-celled, smooth, of
a dark orange or red colour when ripe. — The anthers in Wight's figure are ovate instead
of linear. JSapindus midtijugus, WalL Cat. 8099, leaves only, from Taong Dong,
Burma, may possibly belong to this species.
C« ? costatus, Hiem ; leaflets about 10 alternate ovate-oblong acutely
acuminate pale olive and velvety beneath, base rounded or slightly exca-
Chisocheton.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 553
vated, panicles short supra-axillary, fruit subglabrous subglobose or ellip-
soidal 3-2-ribbed.
Eastern Bengal ; in Cachar, R. L. Keenan.
A tree with the shoots softly and shortly velvety. Leaves about 18 in. ; leaflets
3-8 by I2-24 in., dark green, subglabrous above, lateral veins 15-24 on each side of
midrib; petiolules |— i in. Fruiting panicles 3 in. long; fruit orange-coloured,
1-1 4 in. long, base shortly stipitate. Seeds nearly 1 in. long, hile 4 in- diam. near
the apex; cotyledons somewhat peltate.
8. SANDOXlICVlMr, Cav.
Trees. Leaves trifoliolate, coriaceous ; leaflets quite entire, the lateral
ones shortly and the terminal one long-petiolulate. Flowers 5-merous, in
axillary panicles, yellow or whitish. Calyx cup-shaped, with short lobes
imbricated in bud ; base of the tube adnate to the ovary. Petals imbri-
cated, spreading. Staminal tube tubular, nearly as long as the petals,
toothed at the apex ; anthers 10 or 8, included. I)isk cup-shaped, sheathing
the ovary and base of the style, laciniate. Ovary 5-celled, adnate to the
calyx below, attenuate into the style above, cells opposite the calyx-lobes,
each with 2 collateral pendulous ovules ; style cylindrical or columnar,
nearly the length of the staminal tube, crowned by a slightly elevated
glandular ring, stigmas 5 short linear subacute or truncate. Berry supe-
rior, globular, fleshy, indehiscent, 3-5-celled and -seeded; flesh edible.
Seeds included in a papery aril, pulpy outside.— DisTRiB. A genus of about
4 species limited to India and the Malayan Archipelago, one species being
cultivated over an extensive area.
1. S. indicum, Cav. Diss, (vii.) p. 359, tt. 202, 203 ; shoots panicles and
lower surface of leaves at least on the veins tawny-velvety, leaflets elliptic
or ovate-orbicular shortly acuminate or apiculate, base unequally obtuse,
flowers clustered subsessile in ample much branched panicles small yel-
lowish sweet-scented, calyx shortly pubescent. W. & A. Prodr. i. 120 : Bedd.
Anal. Gen. Iv. ; Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. t. 16, f. 15 ; Drury Fl. Pad.
i. 165 ; Hassk. Retzia, i. 146 ; Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 261 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 392 ;
Wall. Cat. 1249. S. nervosum, Blume Bijd. 163. S. ternatum, Blanco Fl.
Filip. ed. i. 346. S. glaberrimum, Hassk. Retzia, i. 145. Trichilia nervosa,
Vahl Symh. i. 31. Melia Koetjape, Burm. Fl. Ind. 101. T. venosa, Spreng.
Syst. iii. 68.
Eastern Peninsula ; from Kangoon and Tenasserim (var. j3 velutina) to Penang.
Introduced in the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Malayan Islands.
A lofty tree. Leaves 6-18 in.; leaflets 3-8 by 1^-4% in.; common petiole 1|-
6 in. Flowers ^ in. long; calyx about ^^j- in. Stigmas truncate. Fruit about 3 in.
diam. ; pulp fleshy, acid, with a peculiar smell. — The Burmese eat the raw fruit.
Tliere are two varieties known at Sincapore, according to Captain Blomfield, under the
distinctive names of " Santol" and " Kachapee ;" they differ in the fruit like the apple
and pear in appearance and flavour. — S. serratum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 680, differing
by its repand-crenate leaflets, may belong to this species.
2. S. exnarg'inatuxu, Hiern; glabrous, leaflets obovate or elliptic
emarginate usually mucronulate rigid, base obtusely narrowed oblique,
lateral veins feeble, panicles short dense, pedicels shorter than the flowers,
fruit obovoid very shortly tomentose.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves 5-7 in. ; leaflets 2-3^ by 1^-2 in. ; petiolules |-to 4 in., the terminal one
quasi-articulated near apex, 1-1;| in. Calyx somewhat enlarged and persistent in fruit.
554 XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Sandoricim.
Staminal tuhe terminating in 8 or 10 subglabrate emarginate lobes. Flowers ^ in.
long. Fruit (immature?) | in. long.
3. S. Maing-ayl, Hiem; subglabroiis, leaves elliptic subacuminate,
base obtuse, lateral nerves strong above depressed beneath, panicles shorter
than the leaves, pedicels equalling the flowers mostly exceeding the subulate
bracteoles, calyx fleshy obscurely toothed very minutely pilose.
Malacca, Mcdngaij.
A tree. Leaven about 6-8 in. ; leaflets 2-5 by l|-3in.; petiolules ^ in.; terminal
one quasi-articulated neas apex, \\-\\ in. Flowers \-% in. long. Calyx ^-f in. long.
Petals white tinged with pink, glabrous, marked outside with pale glandular dots.
Staminal tuhe ventrioose-cylindrical, contracted at the throat, ribbed externally und
5-lobed near the apex, each lobe obtusely 4-toothed, the 2 central teeth larger. Anthers
2-seriate, Stigma subacute. — Cfr. S. bonieense, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.
iv. 33.
9. AGZiAZA, Lour.
Trees or shrubs, glabrous lepidote or stellately pubescent. Leaves pinnate
or trifoliolate ; leaflets quite entire. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, minute
or small, numerous, paniculate, subglobose. Calyx 5-lobed, imbricated in
bud. Petals 5, concave, short, imbricated. Staminal tube urceolate or sub-
globose, 5-toothed at the apex or entire ; anthers 5, included or half-exserted,
erect. Disk inconspicuous. Ovarij ovoid or shortly so, 1-3-celled, with
2-1 ovules in each cell ; style very short. Berry dry, 1-2-celled and -seeded.
Seeds with a fleshy integument. — Distrib. Species about 50, inhabiting
China, the Malay islands and the islands of the Pacific ocean, as well as
India.
31ilnea? racemosn, Roemer Synops. i. 98 {Nyalelia racemosa, Dennstedt Schlliss.
Hort. Mai. 23. Nyalel, Ileede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 16), has, according to the figure, the
structure of the stamens incompatible with the Order Meliaceae.
Sect. I. Shoots leaves and inflorescence lepidote or glabrous.
* Leaflets 3-5, rarely 7.
t Inflorescence lax, pedicels slender, about equalling the flowers.
1. A. odorata, Lour. Fl, Cochinch. 173; glabrous or quickly becoming
so, leaflets obuvate or oblong obtuse shortly petiolulate terminal one
longest, base cuneate, panicles rather lax, flowers on slender pedicels about
as long as themselves, ovary hairy. Wigid Ic. t. 511; Miq, Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. iv. 48 ; Wall Cat. 1275 ; Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. t. 14, f. 7.
Camunium sinense, Pumph. Amh. v. 28, t. 18, f. 1. C. chinense, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 18; Fl. Ind. I 636. Opilia odorata, S'pr. Syst. Veg. i. 766.
Murraya exotica, Reinw. ex Miq. I.e. A. pentaphylla, Kurz ex Miq. Lc.
Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Penang, and Sincapore; (Ceylon, cultiv,).— Distrib.
Siam, Java, China.
An elegant shrub or small leafy tree ; extremities of young shoots covered with stel-
late ferruginous scales. Leaves 2-6 in. ; leaflets 1-3 by ^-H in. Flowers yellow, frag-
rant, yV ill- diam. — Often cultivated for its sweet-scented flowers.
ft Inflorescence dense ; pedicels very short.
2. A. khasiana, Hiem; leaves narrowly elliptical obtusely narrowed
towards both ends glabrescent on rather long petiolules, panicles short fer-
ruginous, branches short patent, flowers subsessile not minute.
Khasja Mts. ; alt. 4-5000 ft., /. D. H. S T. T.; (?Sikkim, Himalaya, /. D. H.).
A(/laia.] xxxvii. MELiACEJi. (W. P. Hiern.) 555
Shoots and inflorescence lepidote. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 4-8 by 1-2 in.; petio-
lules ^-1 in. Flowers ^-^ in. diam. Fruit? glabrous, 1 in. diam.
3. A.? andamanlca, Iliem; leaflets 3-5 alternate or subopposite
ovate-elliptical obtusely acuminate rounded or obtuse at the base sparsely
lepidote, inflorescence shorter than the leaves, pedicels very short, fruit
pale tawny lepidote somewhat pear-shaped. Milnea (sp.), Kurz Andam.
Rep. p. iv. ; Ed. 2, 33.
South Andaman Islands ; in the Jungles between Port Mouat and Homfray's
Ghat, not rare. Burmese name, Tau-ahnyeen, Kurz.
A tree, 30-40 ft. high ; indumentum pallid. Leaver 10 in.; leaflets 34-5 by 2 in.;
petiole \-\ in. Fruit \-% in. by ^-| in.
4. A. aplocarpa, Hiem ; leaflets 5-7 rather narrowly and unequally
elliptic obtusely acuminate base cuneate, younger ones lepidote below
glabrescent, inflorescence shorter than the leaves with short spreading
branches and shortly pedicellate small flowers, fruit pyriform reddish-
brown lepidote. Milnea apiocarpa, Thw. Enum. 60.
Ceylon ; in the central provinces, alt. 3-6000 ft.
A small tree. Z-eaues 6-16 in.; leaflets 2-8 byf-3in.; petiolules ^^| in.; in-
dumentum reddish-brown. Flowers -f^ in. diam., about equalling the pedicels. Fruit
l-l hy %-\ in.
5. A. Roxburg'hiana, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 41 ; leaflets
5 rarely 7 oj 3 more or less elliptic obtuse glabrescent sometimes acu-
minate base usually cuneate shortly petiolulate, panicles rather supra-
axillary pyramidal elongate, flowers shortly pedicellate, fruit subglobose
ferruginous-lepidote. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 130 [excl. synon. Thw.) ;
Anal. Gen. Iv. Milnea Roxburghiana, W. & A. Frodr. i. 119 ; Drury Ind.
Ft. i. 164 ; Wight Ic. t. 166 (M. Roxburghii). A. lepiduta, Miq. FL lad.- Bat.
Siq^pl. 197, 507. A. Spanoghei, Bl. ex Miq. Ann. I.e. Aglaia ( spe. Sangian),
Teysm. et Binnend. Cat. Hort. Bog or. 21 i. Walsura? lanceolata, Wall.
Cat. 4886. A. grata. Wall, ex Voigt Hori. Sub. Calc. 136. A. midnapo-
rensis, Carey ex Voigt. I.e. Cfr. Aglaia? sp., Wall. Cat. n. 9039; Meliacea
singapureana, Wall. Gat. 4887. Dimocarpus, Wall. Cat. 8050.
Western Peninsula; from the Concan and Midnapore soudiwards; Ceylon, ascend-
ing to 6000 ft.; Singapore, Wallich; (?Tenasserim and the Andaman Islds., Heifer;
Burma, Wallich, and Malacca, Griffith & Maingay). — Distkib. Java, Sumatra, and
other Malay Islands.
A large tree ; indumentum ferruginous. Leaves 3-7 in. ; leaflets 1^-44 by |-2 in. ;
petiolules ^V-l !"• Flowers jV in. diam. ; calyx dull yellow, often covered with stellate
hairs; petals yellow. Fruit | in. diam., edible, buff-coloured, very minutely pilose.
Badicle minutely pilose.
** Leaflets 7-9.
6. A. grlabrifiora, Hiern ; shining, leaflets 7-9 subopposite or alternate
elliptic acuminate base cuneate shortly petiolulate, panicles ample rather
lax shorter than or about equalling the leaves, pedicels about equalling
the glabrous flowers, staminal tube turbinate.
Malacca ; on Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Maingay.
Whole plant nearly glabrous. Leaves 6 in. ; leaflets 2 by 1 in, ; petiolules ^-^ in.
Pedicels slender, jV"! iii- Flowers ^V in- long or less. Fruit size of cherries, white,
subglobose.
7. A. Wallicliil, Hiern; young parts sparsely lepidote, leaflets 7-9
opposite or subopposite narrowly elliptic or lanceolate-oblong acuminate
556 xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [A(;flaia.
base obtuse margins sliglitly undulated, petiolules short much branched,
panicles rather supra-axillary shorter than or about equalling the leaves,
pedicels rather slender about equalling the flowers, calyx lepidote shortly
ciliate, corolla glabrous, staminal tube urceolate. Sapindus lepidotus,
Wall. Cat. 8036.
SiLHET, WalUch, Griffitk.
Leaves 5-8 in, ; leaflets l^-i by ^-l^ in.; petiolules ^-^ in. Inflorescence 3-5 in.
long ; flowers ^ in. diam.
*"** Leaflets 9-13 or moor.
8. A. perviridis, Hiem; leaflets 11-13 opposite oblong acuminate
glabrous shining base obtuse shortly petiolulate, panicles pyramidal
elongated many-flowered lepidote, flowers very small, staminal tube sub-
globose.
KHA8IA Mt8., Griffith, J. D. H. & T. T., alt. 2000 ft. {Milnea, No. 8).
A tree of 40 ft. ; leaves and buds deep gi-een. Leaves about 1 ft. ; leaflets 2-5
by I-I4 in. ; petiolule |^-| in. Panicles nearly as long as the leaves; flower-buds
minute, nearly glabrous. — Specimens from Sikkim, collecied by Dr. Hooker, probably
belong to this species ; they have leaves 1-1 5 ft., leaflets 3-8 by 1-2 ^ in., fruiting
panicles 4-9 in. long, fruits ellipsoidal about 1 in. long, seeds nearly as long.
9. A. crassinervia, Kia-z in litt. ad Hook, f.;, leaflets 9 or more,
opposite or subopposite oblong obtuse at both ends with minute scales
beneath shortly petiolulate, petioles angular, panicles supra-axillary pyra-
midal elongated many-flowered lepidote-ferruginous, flowers minute.
Tenasserim, Heifer.
Leaves 18 in. or more ; leaflets 6-10 by 2-2 f in. ; lateral veins about 20 on each
side of midrib with which they make a large angle ; petiolule ^ in., terminal one
i-| in. Panicles 10-15 in. or more long.
Sect. IL Shoots leaves and inflxyrescence stellate-pubescent or tomentose.
* Flowers slwrUy pedicelled.
10. A. edulls, A. Gray in Bot. U. S. Exfilcyr. Exped. i. 237 ; leaflets 9-13
opposite or subopposite elliptic or oblong obtuse or acuminate shortly y^etio-
lulate subglabrescent or scattered beneath as well as the shoots inflores-
cence and fruit with ferruginous scales mixed sometimes with stellate hairs,
panicles pyramidal shorter than the leaves, flowers shortly pedicellate, fruit
subglobose edible. Miq. Ami. Mas. Lwjd.-Bat. iv. 49. Milnea edulis,
Uoxh . Hart. Beng. 18 ; Fl. Itid. i. 637 ; Hritry Ind. Fl. i. 164 ; Walt.
Cat. 1279. Camunium bengalense, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. Lc. Cfr. Cupania
(sp.) Wall. Cat. 8067, lettei' B not A.
Eastern Bengal; Silhet, Wallich, J. D. H. & T. T. {Milnea, sp. 17); (? Assam
Simon). — Distrib. Borneo, Fiji Islds.
A tree of middling size. Leaves f-2 ft. ; leaflets 2-9 by 1-3 in. ; petiolule ^^ in.
Flowers small. Fruit more than 1 in. diam. according to Roxburgh ; succulent in-
tegument of the seed eaten. — A. sexipetala, Griff. Notvl. iv. 505, sometimes with
6 petals and with rather fleshy leaflets, appears to belong to this species. The authentic
specimen in Herb. Kew. has leaves with 8-9 leaflets, not trifoliolate as given in Griflith's
description.
11. A. tenulcaulis, Hiem; indumentum rufous-stellate, leaflets 9
or more alternate shortly acuminate rounded or somewhat cuneate and
sometimes minutely peltate at the base shortly petiolulate, flowers small
A</laia.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 557
shortly pedicellate arranged in ample many-flowered pyramidal panicles
shorter than the leaves, fruits in short panicles ellipsoidal
Penang? top of the hill, Maingay. (? Sincapore, Lolib.)
A tree of 8 ft. with slender stem. Leaves 3 ft. or more ; leaflets glaucescent above,
6-11 by 3-4 in. ; petiolule f-j in. Inflorescence 6-12 in. long. Frvit \ in. long.
Specimens from Sincapore, collected by Lobb, with ovate-oblong leaves and short
dense young panicles, probably belongs to this species. — Maingay's specimens are
marked as " from top of hill" simply, Penang being probably intended.
12. A. minutiflora, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. i. 44, t. 193 ; pubescence
ferruginous- or rufous-stellate, leaflets 7-15 opposite or subopposite narrowly
elliptic or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, base subcordate rounded or sub-
cuneate, panicles divaricately branched many-flowered, flowers shortly
pedicelled, fruit subglobose 1-2-seeded. A. polyantha, Bedd. I.e. Euphora
exstipulatis, Griff. Notul. iv. 547.
A handsome slender tree of 25 or 40 ft. with hard wood. Leaves 6-24 in. or more ;
leaflets 2-7 by §-2 4^ in., stellate-hairy beneath, glabrescent above except midrib. Pa-
nicles half to all the length of the leaves. • Fruit §-1 by 4-| in.
There are two forms, possibly distinct species.
a. travancorica ; leaflets usually subcordate, flowers ^ in. thiclc, corolla subglabres-
cent. — Courtallura, Wight; Travancor, Western Ghats, alt. 2-3500 ft., Beddome.
/3. Griffithii; leaflets subcuneate or rounded at the base sometimes with pellucid dots,
flowers minute, " cotyledons amygdaloid superposed, radicle imbedded between the
cotyledons its apex perpendicular to the ventral face of the seed its opposite pole deli-
cately pilose" {Ilaingay mss.). — Tenasserim and Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
** Flowers clustered in small spikes.
13. A. cordatsi, lliern ; pubescence rufous-stellate, leaflets subsessile
7 elliptic opposite flnely acuminate, base more or less cordate, flowers
small sessile in little spike-like clusters arranged on a pyramidal panicle
nearly equalling or shorter than the leaves.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves 12-18 in. ; leaflets 4-8 by 2-34 i°' Panicles 5-10 in. long or more.
Form 1. CaZyx glabrous.
FoKM 2. Calyx hirsute.
14. A. palexnbanica, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Sujml. i. 507 ; A7in. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. iv. 52; pubescence rufous-stellate, leaflets 11-13 opposite or
subopposite elliptic acuminate somewhat cuneate at the base shortly petio-
lulate, flowers small sessile in little spike-like clusters arranged on a
pyramidal panicle rather shorter than the leaves, fruit depresso-globose.
A. Sippannas, Miq. I.e. 506. A. tomentosa, Teysm. <k Binn. in Nat,
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. 43.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra and S. Borneo.
Leaves 6-12 in.; leaflets 2-4 by |-1^ in., minutely pellucid-punctate (Jfaiwgrai/) ;
petiolule ^-5 in. Panicles 44-9 in. long.
10. ZiANSZUM, Rumph.
Trees, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves odd-pinnate with quite entire
alternate or opposite shortly petiolulate leaflets. Flowers polygamo-
dioecious, 5-merous, axillary, male usually paniculate, the female &picate-
racemose. Sepals rounded, imbricated. Petals rounded, connivent, imbri-
558 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Lansium.
cated. Staminal tube globose, crenulated ; anthers 10, obtuse, usually in
two rows, the shorter ones included, the longer partly exserted sometimes
apiculate. Bisk obsolete. Ovary globose, 3-5-celled ; cells 1-2-ovuled ;
style very short, thick, stigma truncate 3-5-lobed. Fruit baccate, edible,
1-5-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. JSeeds oblong, with ventral hile, invested in a
pulpy aril, exalbuniinous, — Disteib. A genus of scarcely more than the
following 4 species, confined to India and the Malay Archipelago.
The juicy envelope of the seeds is* the part eaten, and the taste is cooling and
* Leaflets 3-5.
1. Xi. anamalayanum, Beddortie in Tram. Linn. Soc.xxv. 212; Ic.
PL hid. Or. 104 ; Fi. Sijlvat. t. 131 ; leaflets alternate elliptic obtusely
acuminate base cuneate glabrous except occasionally hairy glands in axils
of veins beneath, sepals shortly ciliate, ovary strigose 3-lobed and -celled,
cells 2-ovuled, fruit oblong, radicle pubescent.
Western Peninsula; common in the m<5ist woods on the Anamallay hills, and in
the Wynaad, alt. about 20U0 it., Beddome.
A good-sized tree. Leaves %-^m.\ leaflets 3-44 by 1^-2 in.; petiolule |-| in. Her-
mai)]irvdite jlowers sessile, about ^ iu. diam. Fniit as big as a large grape.
2. Xi. pedioellatum, lliern ; leaflets 3-5 alternate or subopposite
elliptic acuminate glabrous base oblique obtuse or cuneate, ? racemes
short simple or branched at the base, flowers pedicelled, ovary shortly
tomentose 4-celled.
Malacca, Maingay.
Slioots pale brown, obsoletely lepidote. Leaves 9-12 in.; leaflets 3-6 by 14-3 in.
petiolule ^-\ in. lone. 9 Ivjloresccnce 1-2 in. long ; pedicels ^-^ in. long. Young
fruit subglobose, fleshy, shortly tomentose, 4 in. diam.
3. Zi. cinereum, Hiemj leaflets 3-6 opposite elliptic obtusely acu-
minate base cuneate coriaceous glabrous shining except the veins, sepals
short, ovary hairy 5-celled, cells 1-ovuled.
Malacca, Maivgay.
Branches cinereous, tawny-pubescent at the extremities. Leaves 3-5 in. ; leaflets
pallid, 2-34 ^y |-U in- i petiolnle ^-§in. Hermaphrodite spikes nearly equalling the
leaves. Longer anthers apiculate..
*♦ LeafleU 6-8.
4. Zi. domesticuzn, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 115, t. iv. f. 1, var. ;
leaflets alternate elliptic oblong or obovate abruptly shortly and obtusely
acuminate more or less narrowed at the base reticulate coriaceous shining
nearly or quite glabrous, petiolules tumid at the base, hermaphrodite
^)ikes springing from the trunk and naked branches solitary or fasciculate
pubescent shorter than the leaves, ovary tomentose 5-ceUed, cells 1-2-
ovuled- CVrm de Serra in Ann. Mils. x. 157, t. 7, f. 1.
MalA'CCa, Griffith (Maivgay, cult.^. — Distkib. Widely cultivated in India, and per-
haps spontaneous in the,Malay Archipelago. Philippine Islands, according to Blanco.
A tree. Leaves 9-18 in. long ; leaflets 4-8 by 2-4 in. ; petiolules ^-4 in. Flowers
4sessile or subsessile. Fruit \-\\m. long, yellowish, turbiuate-ellipsoidal. — According
to Griffith the spikes are proliferous at the apex.
L. javanicum, Boemer Synops. BInnogr. i. 99; Aglaia Dookkoo, Griff. Notul. iv. 505;
3L. aqueum, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 3i; and L. humile, Ilassk. Betz. ed.
Lansium.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 559
nov. i. 121, are probably also varieties of this cultivated species. L. silvestre,
Eoemer, I.e. according to Miquel, I.e. scarcely belongs to Meliaceag ; the plant intended
by this name has been referred by De Candolle to Cookia punctata, Betz.
11. AXVZOORA, Eoxb. .
Trees. Leaves usually unequally-pinnate ; leaflets oblique quite entire
axillary subdioecious, paniculate ; female spicate or racemose. Colyx 3-5-
partite or -fid. Petals 3-5, thick, concave, imbricated, rarely slightly com-
bined at the base. Staminal tube subglobose or campanulate, incon-
spicuously 6-10-crenate; anthers 6-10, included. Dish obsolete. Ovary
sessile, short, 3-5-celled; cells 1-2-ovuled ; stigma sessile, or style elon-
gated in A. Championii. Capsule subglobose, coriaceous, 3-4-celled and
-seeded, lociilicidally 3-5-valved. Seeds in a fleshy aril, with ventral hile. — *
DiSTEiB. A genus of about 15 species occurring only in India and the
Malay Archipelago, and also 1 endemic species in Australia.
Sect. I. Style short ; staminal tube subglobose or turbinate.
* Panicles spicate, male branched^ fenmle simple or branched ; fl(mers sub-
sessile. Staminal tube 6-toothed; anthers 6.
1. A. RoMtuka, W. (^ A, Prodr. i. 119; young parts tawny closely
pubescent in most cases quickly glabrescent leafy, leaflets 9-15 more or less
elliptic or ovate acuminate opposite base usually obtuse shortly petiolulate,
flowers white bracteate subsessile, male spikes panicled, female simple,
calyx 5-partite, petals 3, anthers 6, ovary 3-c elled with 2 superposed ovules
in each cell. Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 132 (but pedicels ^-\ in. long); Bran-
dis For. Fl. 69. Andersonia Rohituka, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 87 ; Fl. Ind. ii.
213 ; Roxh. Drawings in Hh. Kew. tt. 934, 1827. Sphserosacme polystachya,
Wall. Cat. 1277. Aglaia 1 polystachya, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ^
ii. 429. S. ST'icata, TFrt//. Gat. 4895. Buchanania spicata lib. Roxh. ex Wall. l.c.
Meliacea Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4888. Amo '•ra macrophylla, Nimmo in
Grail. Cat. Bomb. PI. 31. Andersonia Eohitoca, Grif. Notul. iv. 507 ; Ic.
PI. Asiat. iv. t. 589, f. 3.
Assam, Silhet, Cachar, Oudh, Western Peninsula from Concan to Travancore,
Tenasserim and the Andaman Islands, Malacca, Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Archi-
pelago, Philippine Islds.
An evergreen tree with a large crown of branches. Leaves 1-3 ft. ; leaflets 3-9
by lg-4 in. Male panicles equalling or shorter than the leaves, female about half the
length of the leaves; male flowers ^, female \ in. long. Stigma trigonous, angles
opposite the calyx-lobes. Fruit smooth, pale yellow or reddish, 1-1 4 in. diam., scarcely
attenuate at the base, rather soft and fleshy, 3-celled, 3-valved. — The seeds supply an
economic oil. — Col. Beddome, in his Flora Sylvatica, t. 132, figures and describes under
this name a form from the Anamallay hills with shortly pedicelled flowers, the pedicels
measuring ^-\ in. long. A plant gathered by Dr. Hooker in the Sikkim Terai and
Kursiong with very large leaves, the leaflets measuring 12-15 by 3-6 in., may belong
to this species.
** Flowers panicled, not S2)icate,
t Petals 3. Anthers 6-10.
X Leaflets 3-6, alternate or subalternate.
2. A. chittag'ong'a, Hiern ; young parts calyx and fruit lepidote,
leaflets 3-6 alternate and subalternate narrowly elliptic acuminate sub-
660 XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Amoora.
glabrescent, base more or less narrowed, panicles racemose rather lax much
shorter than the leaves, calyx cup-shaped 3-toothed, petals 3, anthers 6,
ovary 2-celled, fruit obovoid. Aglaia chittagonga, Miq. in Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. iv. 44.— Meliacea, Griff. I tin. Notes 168.
Bhotan and Upper Asi=<AM, Griffith; the Khasia Mts., Chittagong, /. D. J2. <fe
T. T. (Milnea, No. 13); Pegd, Kiirz.
A tree. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 3-8 by 1-3 in. ; petiolule ^\ in. Floioers yV"! in.
long, pedicelled. Fruit (immature ?) § in. long, longitudinally ridged, 2-celled.
3. A. canarana, Benth. <6 Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 335 ; young parts inflo-
rescence calyx and fruit lepidote, leaflets 4-6 alternate or subalternate
narrowly elliptic acuminate glabrate above usually punctate-lepidote
beneath, base more or less narrowed shortly petiolulate, panicles pyramidal
much branched shorter than the leaves, flowers shortly pedicelled, calyx
4-5- toothed cup-shaped ebracteate, corolla 3- (-4) -partite, staminal tube
truncate, anthers 6 (-7) included or slightly exserted, ovary 3-celled, cells
2-ovuled, fruit obovoid. Oraoma canarana, Tarcz. in Bidl. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
1858,1 411.
Western Peninsula, from Canara, Stocks, to the Anamallay hills, Beddome.
Leaves 6-14 in.; leaflets 3-6 by 1^-24 in.; petiolule ^-^ in. Fruit (immature?)
^ in. long.
XX Leaflets 3-13 opposite or suhopposite.
4. At cucullata, Roxh.Cor. PI. in. 54, t. 258; subglabrous, leaflets 3-13
opposite or subopposite obliquely ovate-oblong obtuse at both ends
glabrous shining firm terminal one often hooded at the apex, male panicles
drooping about as long as the leaves with numerous diverging branches
sparingly lepidote, female racemes few-flowered, calyx 3-lobed, petals 3,
anthers 6 (-8), ovary 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled, fruit subglobose 3-Iobed
3-celled 3-valved. Dalz. (L- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 37; Driiry Incl Fl. i. 164.
Andersonia cucullata, Poxb. Hoii. Beng. 87 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 212. Sphaerosacme
Eohituka, Wall. Cat. 1278, excl. si/7i. S. ? laxa. Wall. Cat. 4894. S. pani-
culata, WallitJ/erb. ex Mvi. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 37. ? Amoora auri-
culata, Miq. fide Miq. l.c.
Lower Bengal, in the Sunderbunds, and in Nipal, Wallick; King's Island in the
Andamans, Heifer.
A tree of considerable size and slow growth with cinereous bark and smooth branches.
Leaves 6-16 in. ; leaflets 3-74 by 1^-2^ in. ; petiolule §— | in. or terminal one longer.
Male fl. ^ in. yellow. Bracts caducous, 2 at the base of the calyx. Staminal tube
turbinate or subg:lobose. Capsule 24 in. diam. Seeds three-quarters covered with a
fleshy bright orange-coloured aril.
5. A. lanceolata, Hiem; subglabrous, leaflets about 17 opposite or
subopposite approximated lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous shining,
base obtuse lateral veins inconspicuous, male panicles nearly equalling the
leaves, flowers 3-merous shortly pedicelled, calyx trifid, anthers 6 just
included, ovary in the male flowers rudimentary.
Malacca, 3faivgay.
Shoots angular at the apex, leafy and with numerous axillary panicles. Leaves 6-
10 in. ; leaflets 2-3 by ^-f in- ; petiolule ^-^ in. Flowers very small. Staminal tube
globosely cup-shaped, 6-lobed ; lobes ovate, obtuse, minutely apiculate. Anthers mi-
nutely and very sparingly pilose. Stigmas 3, sessile, linear-trigonous, glabrous.
Amoora.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 561
6. A. rubig'inosa, GriJ". mss. under Aphana?niocis ; ferruginous on
young parts calyx lower surface of leaves &c., leaflets numerous approxi-
mated subopposite ovate-oblong acuminate very shortly petiolulate some-
what farinaceous base conduplicate deeply cordate, lateral nerves numerous
subparallel spreading, panicles pyramidal base bulbous, flowers racemose
trimerous, calyx companulate trifid, anthers 6, ovary 3-celled, cells
2-ovuled.
Malacca ; Griffith^ Maingap.
A big tree, large in all its parts. Petioles thickenedat base ; leaflets Z-^ by 1-24 i^-
or larger. Panicles 9-18 in. long ; flowers \ in. long, calyx % in. long, petals orange-
yellow, aperture of the stamiual tube very small. Ovules superposed.
tt Petals 3. Anthers 8 or 10.
7. A. spectabilis, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 37 ; leaflets
11-13 opposite or subopposite oblong acutely subacuminate glabrescent
shining glaucescent beneath petiolulate base obtuse, male panicles pedun-
culate with alternate unequal branches, calyx stellate-puberulent obtusely
3-lobed short, petals 3 imbricated substellate-velutinous along the back,
staminal tube urceolate glabrous shortly and obtusely 8-dentate, anthers 8
(-9?) sublinear acute subexserted at the apex, fruit obovoid-pyriform.
Aglaia spectabilis, Hort. Galcutt. ex Miq. l.c.
Kangoon, McClelland.
Indumentum of young parts lepidote and mixed with stellate tawny hairs. Leaves
15 in. long; petioles angular; leaflets 4-8 by 1^-2 in.; petiolules \-^ in. Male
panicles nearly 1 J ft. long, female short. Fruit 1^-1 1 by 1-1^ in.
The description of the flowers is taken from Miquel, that of the fruit is given from a
specimen in Hb. Kew. Mr. Kurz, in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72 (1870),
declares that the species as described by Miquel is identical with the male plant of A.
cucullata, Boxb. Sphaerosacme spectabilis, Wall, ex Voigt Hort. Suhu/rh. Galcutt. 136,
from Nepal, may be a synonym.
8. A. rubescens, Hiern; leaflets 13-15 opposite oblong subacuminate
or obtuse glabrate base obtuse, panicles supra-axillary divaricately branched
crowded near the ends of the branches, pedicels short, petals 3, staminal tube
subglobose crenulate, anthers 10 linear, stigma conical sulcata
SiNCAPOBE, Maingay.
Young parts and inflorescence puberulent. Leaves 1J-2J ft. long; leaflets 3-7 by
1^-2^ in., lateral nerves about 10 on each side of midrib, depressed beneath ; petiolules
|— f in. Panicles \-\ ft. long, many-flowered; flowers ^ in. diam. Calyx short, irre-
gularly toothed. Petals and staminal tube glabrous. Dish annular. Ovary hairy,
5 ?-celled.
ttt Petals 4. Anthers 8.
9. A. laawli, Benth. & Hook. /. Gen. PI. i. 335 ; pallid, young parts
panicles calyces and fruit lepidote, leaflets 3-5 alternate or subopposite
more or less elliptic obtusely acuminate nearly or quite glabrous base more
or less narrowed, panicles pyramidal falling short of the leaves, flowers
racemose, calyx short truncate 4-toothed, petals 4, anthers 8 rarely 7, ovary
3-celled cells 1-ovuled, fruit 3-valved pear-shaped. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 133.
Epicharis exarillata, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 31. Nimmonia Lawii,
Wight in Gale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 13. Nemedra Nimmonii, Dalz. in
Dak. (^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 37.
VOL. I.
562 XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Amoora.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Malabar.
A middling-sized tree ; scales yellowish brown. Leaves 6-9 in. long ; leaflets 3-6
by 14-2 in., axils of lateral veins sometimes with hairy gland-like excrescences (galls?),
petiolules ^-^ in. Flowers ^y^i i^- ^oug, white, rarely 5-merou8. Fruit 1 in. long,
abounding in white resinous juice.
tttt Petals 5. Anthers 10.
10. A. Maingrayl, //iVm; subglabrous, leaflets 3-4 elliptic obtusely
acuminate glabrous shining above alternate or subopposite base more or
less narrowed shortly petiolulate, panicles shorter than the leaves, flowers
pentamerous, calyx short cleft, anthers 10 included, ovary minutely hirsute
3-celled, stigmas 3 connate sessile.
Malacca, JIaingay.
Leaves numerous, 4-6 in. long ; leaflets very minutely pellucid-punctate, 3-4^ by
1-1 1 in. Flowers j^ in. loug; petals slightly adherent at their base to the stamiual
tube.
11. A. deoandra, Hiem; leaflets 7-13 opposite oblong acuminate
base somewhat cuneate or nearly rounded subglabrescent, opposite sub-
membranous, sepals very short, anthers 10, ovary (3-) 6-celled cells
1-ovuled, fruit globose-obovoid 5-furrowed umbilicate 5-celled and -seeded.
Aglaia? decandra, ]V(tll. in lioxb. Ft. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 427. Sphaero-
sacme fragrans. Wall. Lc. 429 ; Vmgt Ilort. ISuburh. Calcutt. 135. Lansium
(sp.) W. d- A. Prodr. i. 119 ; BeiiUi. d; Hookf. Gen. PL i. 334. S. decandra,
Wall. Cat. 127(5.
NiPAL, Wullick; Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ft., i76. Griffith, J.D.IL ; Malayan Penin-
sula, Maingay.
A large spreading tree with thick trunk. Leaves about 1 ft. long ; leaflets 1^-8 by
by |-2 in. ; petiolules short. Male panicles equalling the leaves ; flowers very fra-
grant, on slender pedicels. Petals 5. Fruit about 1^ in. diameter, capsular.
Sect. II. Style long.
12. A. ? Champlonil, Benth. d- Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 335 ; leaflets 4-6
abruptly pinnate oppu.site obovatecuneate glabrous and shining subc(^r-
iaceous without prominent nerves shortly petiolulate apex rounded, panicles
supra-axillary slightly puberulent about half the length of the leaves,
flowers pedicelled tetramerous oblong, calyx short, petals oblong very
slightly or scarcely imbricated in bud at length spreading or reflexed, aj>ex
obtusely pointed, staminal tube widely tubular obtusely dentate bearing
inside near apex 8 equal shOrt 2-celled anthers in one row, ovary glabrous
4-celled cells 1- (or 2- cf. tig. in Hb. Kew.) ovuled, style columnar, nearly as
long as the staminal tube, stigma capitate, disk 0, fruit globose- pyriform
1-2-seeded, seeds exalbuminous with aril. Thwaites Enum. 409^ Bedd.
Anal. Gen. Iv. Dysoxylon Championii, Hook.f. d Thorns, ex Thwaites, 61.
Ceylon ; Central province, up to 4000 ft. alt., Thwaites.
A large tree, with leaves 4-7 in. long; leaflets 2-4 by f-1^ in. ; petiolnhs J-| in.
i^Zowens" yellowish, ^ in. long. Fi'uit 1 in. long. — Diflers from the type of Amoora by
the elongated style and by abruptly pinnate leaves. Perhaps a new genus. Mr. Kurz
(in Jouru. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72, 1870) declares it to be a species closely allied
to Carapa (Xylocarpus) caruosula, Zoll.
%
Walsura.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 563
12. WAXiSURA, Koxb.
Trees. Leaves 1-5-foliolate ; leaflets opposite, quite entire, pale beneath.
Panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers small hermaphrodite. Calyx sliort,
6-fid or -partite, imbricated. Petals 5, ovate-oblong, spreading, slightly-
imbricated or subvalvate. Filaments 10 or 8, linear or subulate, free or
connate in a tube ; anthers terminal or inserted in the notch at the apex of
the filament. Disk usually annular, fleshy. Ovary short, 2-3-celled, im-
bedded in the disk, style rather short ; stigma turbinate-capitate, 2-3-
dentate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit baccate, shortly tomentose, inde-
hiscent, 1- rarely 2-celled and -seeded ; seed inclosed in a fleshy aril, exal-
buminous. — Distrib. Genus of about 10 species limited to India and the
Indian Archipelago. Occasionally, according to Kurz, the petals are in-
creased to 8 and the stamens to 15.
Imperfect specimens from Silhet (Wallieh, n. 8113), with short spicate inflorescence
and with trifoliolate leaflets, the terminal one on a long petiolule, appear to differ from
the known species of the genus. W. trichostemon, Miq. in Ann. 31u8. Bot. Lugd.-
Bat. iv. 60, from Siam, is said to differ from the undermentioned by its pilose anthers ;
Mr. Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72 (1870) unites it with W. villosa. Wall.
Sect. I. Euwalsura. Filaments linear.
* Leaflets solitary.
1. W. G-ardneri, Thwaites Enum. 61 ; leaflet solitary elliptic-oblong
obtusely acuminate glabrous whitish beneath, base obtusely narrowed,
petiolule short articulated to the longer petiole, filaments free hairy apex
bifid, anthers between the teeth of the filaments, fruit obovoid ellipsoidal
apiculate base narrow. Bedd. Anal. Gen. Ivi.
Ceylon ; in the Central province, alt. 2-4000 ft.
A small tree of 10-12 ft. Leaflets 3-3 by 1^-2 4 in.; petioliile ^V-i in. Petiole
|-f in. Petals somewhat imbricated. Fruit 1 in. long, covered with a short tomentum.
** Leaflets 3-5.
t Filaments connate half way or more.
2. W. tubulata, Hiern; leaflets 3 ovate- or elliptic-oblong obtusely
acuminate shining above glaucous beneath quite glabrous, base somewhat
narrowed, panicles scarcely equalliHg the leaves, calyx partite, staminal
tube glabrous outside thinly pubescent inside equally 10-lobed at apex,
lobes bifid receiving the apiculate anthers within the notches.
SiKKiM Himalaya and Khasia Mts., Herb. Oriflith.
Shoots and petioles rough with lenticular specks. Leaves 8-15 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by
1 J-3 in. ; petiolules |-g in., or the terminal ones longer. Flowers J in. long.
3. W. ternata, Roxh. Ilort. Beng. 90; Fl. Ind. ii. 389 ; leaflets 3 lanceo-
late-oblong or oblong obtuse glabrous and shining whitish beneath obtuse
at base, axillary panicles shorter than the leaves, flowers milk-white, calyx
partite, staminal tube thinly pubescent on both sides 10-fid halfway, free
l)ortion of filament alternately notched and shorter, anthers apiculate.
Bedd. Anal. Gen. Ivi. Cfr. Xylocarpus? Aiitila, Hb. Ham.; Wall.
Cat. 4893.
The Panjab, at Sheikpura ; Western Peninsula ; in the Godavery forests and in
the hilly districts of the Northern division of the Madras Presidency, Beddmie.
2
564 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) [Walsura.
A small tree, subglabrous. Leaves about 8 in.; leaflets 4-5 by 1 in.; petiolules
^-|. Panicles puberulent ; flowers | in. long. " IHak salver-shaped with a large high
callous margin. Berry narrow oblong." Beddome.
tt Filaments connate one third way or less.
X Leaflets usiuxlly 3 only.
4. W. piscidia, Roxh. IIoH. Beruj. 32 ; Ft. Ind. ii. 387 ; leaflets sub-
ternate elliptic obtuse often retuse glabrous shining pale beneath, flowers
pentamerous, petals imbricated, staminal tube half the length of tiie petals
equally 10-cleft for two thirds of its length divisions all bifid at apex
hairy above, ovary 2- rarely 3-celled, fruit covered with a short tomentum.
Wight III i. t. 55 ; Beddome Anal. Gen. Ivi. t. 8, f. 6; Wcdl. Gat. 1265;
l)alz. <b Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 37. Heynea trifoliata, A . Juss. in Mem. ^fns. xix.
235. Trichilia coriacea, IRottl. /J ; Wall. Cat. 1265. Trichilia trifoliata,
Wall. Cat. 8093.
Western Peninsula ; Malabar and Travancor. Ceylon, Walker.
Leaves 2-7 in. ; leaflets 1-4 by §-]§in. ; petiolules iV-i i"-> terminal one longer.
Flowers ^ in. long, sordid-yellowish ; bracts minute, caducous. Fruit egg-shaped, § in.
long. — The bark acts as a fish poison.
^ Leaflets 5.
5. W. vlUosa, Wall. Cat. 1264; young parts tawny-velutinous,
leaflets 5 elliptic or ovate obtuse sometimes shortly acuminate glabrescent
whitish beneath, at least when young, panicles equalling or shorter than
the leaves, calyx partite, filaments equal thinly pubescent narrowing
upwards but not subulate connate one third way from base, anthers ter-
minal. Wight dh Am. Frodr. i. 120. Trichilia? villosa, Wall.\.c.
Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Wallich, Griffith.
Leaves 6-10 in.; leaflets 2-4 by f-2 in., petiolules \-2 in. or the tenninal ones
longer. Flowers velutinous. — Schmidelia (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8056, also from Moulmein
with narrowly ellipsoidal acuminate shortly tomentose fruit scarcely 1 in. long, probably
belongs to this species.
6. W. hypoleuca, Kurz Fep. Veg. Andam. ed. ii. 33; iii Jonrn. Asiat.
Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 1872, 206 ; leaflets 5 elliptic to oblong-lanceolate acuminate
quite glabrous chartaceous glaucous beneath smooth, panicles puberulent
shorter than the leaves, calyx partite, filaments linear densely pubescent
on both sides not subulate free except base equal, ovary densely tawny-
tomentose, berries (immature) hoary-velutinous oblong acuminate. W. sp.
Kurz Rep. Veg. Andam. ed. i. p. iv.
South Andaman Island; in the Jungles especially of the interior, common, Kurz.
Xeares 9-16 in.; leaflets 4-6 by 1^-3 in. ; petiolules ^-1 in., terminal ones longer.
Floioers J in. long, w^hite. Petals 5, occasionally 8. Stamevs 10, sometimes as many
as 15. Fruit (j'oung) 4 in. long. — 1 have followed Mr. Kurz ; but perhaps the flowering
and fruiting specimens belong to diflerent species.
7. VT. neurodes, Hietm ; leaflets 5 elliptic shortly acuminate shining
above strongly nerved beneath glabrous base obtuse, panicles equalling or
exceeding the leaves puberulent, filaments linear equal densely pubescent
base connate, anthers subterminal, fruit 1-2-celled, aril thin.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Leaver 4-12 in. ; leaflets 2-6 by 1-2 in., faintly pellucid-punctate; petiolules |-^ in.
or terminal one longer. Flowers ^\w. long. Ovar?/ 2 -eel led ; stigma discoid ; ovules
2 in each cell, collateral, horizontal. Fruit ellipsoidal, ^-| in. long.
Walsura.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 505
Sect. IT. Surwala. Filaments subulate.
8. W. rabusta, Eoxb. IIorL Beng. 32 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 386 ; subglabrous,
shoots and petioles rough with scabrous specks, leaflets 5 sometimes 3
ovate or elliptic acuminate shining, panicles nearly as long as the leaves
dense puberulent, calyx partite, iilaments equal free subulate pubescent
except apex, anthers terminal, ovary 2-celled, berry egg-sbaped or sub-
globose. Wall. Cat 1266, 8110, 8111, 8112. Surwala robusta, Roem.
Synops. i. 108. Monocyclis robusta, Wall, ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Cal-
cutt. 135. Scytalia glabra, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 8048 E, 7iot other letters.
SiLHET, Wallich; Assam, Hamilton; Khasia Mts. and Tenasserim, Griffith, kc;
Andamans, Kurz under name of W. villosa in Rep. Andam. ed. 2, 33.
A large timber tree. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 2-6 by 1-3 in. ; petiolules ^-\ in. or
the terminal one longer. Flowers J in. long, white. Staminal tube white ; anthers
yellow. Fruit ^-% in. long.
13. KEVNEA, Eoxb.
^ Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves 5-11-foliolate ; leaflets opposite, quite en-
tire. Panicles terminal and axillary, corymbose, long-peduncled ; fl )wers
rather small, hermaphrodite. Calyx short, 4-5-fid, imbricated. Petals
4-5, oblong, suberect, somewhat imbricated. Staminal tube 8- or 10-fid ;
lobes linear, bidentate at apex, bearing the anthers between the linear
teeth. Disk annular, fleshy. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-3-celled, nar-
rowing into the short style ; stigma 2-3-dentate, with a thickened ring
at the base ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 2-valved,
1-seeded, glabrous. Seed arillate, exalburainous ; aril thin, white ; coty-
ledons hemispherical. — Distrib. A genus of 1-3 species, limited to India
and the Indian Archipelago.
1. ZZ. trijug'a, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; in Bot. Mag. t. 1738; Cor. PI. iii.
66, t. 260 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 390 ; leaflets 5-11 ovate oblong or lanceolate
acuminate glabrous above, paler and glabrate or pubescent beneath usually
obtuse-based, panicles nearly equalling the leaves, calyx pubescent or sub-
glabrate 5-4-fid, petals 5-4 glabrous or puberulent, staminal tube glabrous
or puberulent outside usually pubescent inside, filaments 10 or rarely 8
alternately rather shorter, capsule round. Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 31 ; Adr.
Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. t. 18, f. 17; Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 38; Wall.
Cat. 1258 ; Brandis Fl. Sylvat. 70. Leea Isevis. Hb. Heyne ex Wall. l.c.
H. quinquejuga, RoxIk Cat. 9U; Fl. Ind. ii. 391; Wall. Cat. 1259. H.
affinis, Adr. Juss. l.c. 275 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 134; W. £• A. Prodr. i.
121. Walsura (Heynea) pubescens, K^trz in Journ. Asiat. Sac. Beng. xli.
ii. 297. H. connaroides,' Wight ex Voigt Hort. Sidiiirb. Calcutt. 136 ;
Drury Ind. Fl. i. 166. Zanthoxylon? connaroides, W. cC- A. Prodr. i. 148.
Zygophyllura? connaroides, W. S A. ex Wight Cat. n. 553.
Forests of OuDH and the Himalaya, from Nipal toBhotan; Khasia Mts., Pegu,
Bengal, Penang ; Western Peninsula from the Concan southwards.
A tree sometimes attaining a large size. Zeaves 4-15 in. long; leaflets 2-6| by
|-3 in. ; petiolules ^-| in. long or the terminal ones longer. Floioers white. Capsules
^-^ in. long. — A specimen from Malacca in very young flower, gathered by the late
r. Maingay (Distrib. n. 346), with the leaflets of nearly the same colour on both sur-
faces, may belong to this species. Mr. Kurz, in Journ. Asiat. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72 (l870),
states that H. sumatrana, 3Uq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 505, from W. Sumatra, is
identical with H.. quinquejuga, Eoxb.
566 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Bcddomea.
14. BEDDOBKSA, Hook. fiL
Trees or shrubs. Leaves 1-5-foliolate, opposite or snbopposite ; leaflets
quite entire. Racemes or panicles axillary, few-flowered ; flowers of mode-
rate size, subglobose bermaphrodite. Calyx 4-6-partite, with broadly
ovate imbricated segments. Petals 4-6, orbicular, much imbricated.
Staminal tube short or globose, crenulate ; anthers 5-6, sessile, partially
or wholly exserted ; connective thick ; cells narrow, marginal, at length
confluent at the apex. Ovary short, hairy, more or less immersed in the
inconspicuous disk, 3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled ; style short thick, stigma
3-lobed, pyramidal. Fruit coriaceous, ellipsoidal ovoid or subglobose,
often acute at the apex, more or less ribbed and densely covered with
closely set scurfy and stellate tomeiitum, tardily dehiscent, 2-3-celled;
septa thin and often obsolete. ISeeds 3-5, large, more or less angular,
exarillate {Beddome). — DiSTKiB. An endemic genua.
1. 8. Indloa, Hook. f. in Benth. d: Hook. f. Gen. Pl.i. 336; young
shoots somewhat lepidote, leaflets 3 elliptic obtuse glabrate base somewhat
cuneate, panicles lax racemose, pedicels usually long, flowers 5-4-merous,
staminal tube short, anthers 5, fruit ovoid to, oblong. Bedd. in Trans.
Linn. Sac. xxv. 212 ; Anal. Gen. Ivi. ; Fl. Sylvat. t. 135 (smaller figure).
Western Peninsula, from Kurg to Cape Comorin, ascending lo 3-4000 ft. Anemia
rocke, Sispara, lib. Wight, 417.
A twigiry shrub. Leaves 6-12 in., leaflets 3-7 by 1^-3 in.; petiolulos J^-1 in.
Flowerg ^4 in. diam. Fruit I-I4 in. long, more or less furrowed, rough with close-set
rusty scales.
2. B. simplioifoUa, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 135; young parts with
scurfy scales, leaflets solitary elliptic or narrowly so subacuminate
glabrescent base obtuse or st)mewhat cuneate, panicles or racemes from
much shorter than the leaves to much longer or the flowers occasionally
solitary, flowers 5-6-merous, staminal tube large and globose or smaller,
fruit as in the genus.
Westekn Peninsula ; from the S. Concan to the Anamallay hills.
A tree iip to 3 ft. in girth and 25 in height. Leaves 3-6 by ] |-3^ in. ; petioles ^-1 in.,
much thickened and quasi-articulated near the apex. I^ lowers variable in size, 1^5 -/^ in.
diam ; pedicels x^~\ in. long. Fruit oblong, size of pigeon's egg. — Beddome gives the
Ibllowing varieties.
Var. a ; racemes much longer than the leaves, flowers i^-i'V iu- diam. rufous-
tomentose. — Wynaad, Tinnevelly hills and Travancor, alt. 2-4000 tt.
Var. /3, parvijiora; panicles very .small not much longer than the petioles, flowers
iV-^ in. diam. rufous-tomentose. — Anamallay and Pulney hiilw, alt 3-4000 h.
Var. y, raeemosa; racemes filiform longer than the leaves, pubescence scurfy. —
Wynaad, Coorg, S. Canara.
15. CiLHAPA, AubL
Glabrous littoral trees. I^eaves 2- or 4- or sometimes 6-foliolate ; leaf-
lets opposite quite entire feebly nerved. Panides lax, axillary, flowers
hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-fid, short. Petals 4, reflexed, contorted sinis-
trosely (as seen from within). Staminal iid)e urceolate-globose, 8-dentate
at apex, teeth bipartite ; anthers 8, 2-celled, just included, sessile at top
of tube, alternating with the teeth. Disk fleshy, cup-shaped, adherent to
the base of the ovary. Ovary 4-celled, 4-sulcate; cells 2-8-ovuled ; style
short, stigma discoid. Fruit capsular, irregularly globose, large, 6-12-
seeded ; pericarp fleshy dehiscing by 4 valves opposite the obliterated
Carapa.\ xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 66?
dissepiments. Seeds large, thick, angular • testa hard, spongy, aril 0, hilum
large, ventral; cotyledons amygdaloid. — Disteib. A genus of scarcely more
than 2 species, one Tropical American, the other from Tropical Asia, both
however occurring in Tropical Africa on the west and east coast re-
spectively.
The character of the genus given above is based on the latter species ; it constitutes
Kcenig's genus Xylocarpus.
1. C. moluccensis, Lam. Encyl. Meth. i. 621 ^ leaflets from ovate to
obovate usually obtuse very shortly petiolulate, panicles lax shorter than the
leaves sometimes in simple racemes. Bedd. Flor. Sylv. t. 136 ; Wall,
Cat. 1274. C. indica, Jms.mBwt.Sc. Nat.y\\, 32. C. ohovata,, Mume Bijdr.
179. Xylocarpus Granatum, Koen. Natiirf. xx. 2 ; Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus.
xix. t. 20, f. 22. X. obovatus, Adr. Juss. I.e. 244. X. moluccensis, Roem.
Synops. i. 124. Granatum littoreum, Rumph. Amh. iii. 92, t. 61. Monosoma
littorata. Griff. Notul. iv. 502. Cfr. Guarea oblongifolia, Griff. I.e. 503.
Muddy seacoasts throughout India and Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Malayan
Archipelago and N. Australia.
Leaves 4-8 in. ; leaflets 2-5 by 1-2^ in. Panicles 1-5 in. long; flowers J-g-in. long,
yellowish. Fruit 3-4 in. diam.
16. SOVMZDA, Adr. Juss.
A lofty glabrous tree. Leaves paripinnate ; leaflets opposite, entire,
obtuse. Panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers greenish-white, pentame-
rous. Calyx composed of 5 short imbricated sepals. Petals free, imbri-
cated, obovate, unguiculate, spreading. Staminal tube short, cup-shaped,
10-cleft, lobes bidentate ; antliers 10, sessile between the teeth, short. Bisk
flat. Ovar?/ 5-celled ; cells alternate with the sepals, each with about 12
biseriate pendulous ovules ; style short, stigma broad, fleshy. Capsule
septifragally 5-valved, woody; valves consisting of two plates, separating
from the 5-winged axis. Seeds numerous, flattish, winged at both ends,
albuminous ; cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. One endemic species ; two
other species from East Tropical Africa have been conjecturally referred to
this genus.
1. S. febrifug-a, Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. 251, t. 22, f. 26 ; leaflets
6-12 elliptic or oblong base usually oblique shortly petioluled, panicles
often equalling the leaves branches divaricate. W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 122;
Balz. (^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 38 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 8 ; Forest Reports Madras.
1866-67, t. 2; Brandis Fl. Sylvat. 71. Svvietenia febrifuga, Roxb. Mono-
grapihy ; Cor. PI. i. t. 17 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 398 ; Grah. Gat. Bmrib. PI. 32; Wall.
Cat. 1267. S. Soymida, Buncan Tent. Inaug. de Sw. S. (1794). S. rubra,
\_Rotd.'] Wall. Cat. 4890.
Hilly districts of North Western Central and Southern India, extending south-
ward to Travancor ; Ceylon.
Yields a very hard dull red-coloured wood, one of the most durable. Leaves nearly
evergreen, 9-18 in. ; leaflets 1^-5 by |-2f in. ; petiolules mostly very short. Flower»
about ^ in, long ; bracts ovate-deltoid, small. Capsule smooth, black when ripe, 1-24 i'^-
long. — Timber strong ; bark bitter.
17. CKZCKRASSIA, Adr. Juss.
A large timber tree with paripinnate leaves, alternate subopposite or
opposite acuminate oblique entire leaflets, terminal panicles and 4-6-
merous flowers. Calyx short, dentate. Petals oblong, free, sinistrorsely
56S XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Chickrassia,
contorted (as regarded from inside) erecto-patent. Staminal tube cylindric,
10-crenate ; antliers 10, erect, inserted within the crenatures, short. Disk
obsolete. Ovary shortly stipitate, 3-celled, cells each with numerous
biseriate ovules ; style stout, stigma capitate. Capsule 3-celled, septi-
cidally 3-valved, woody ; valves consisting of two plates, sei>arating from
the 3-winged axis. Seeds numerous, flattish, winged below, exalbuminous ;
cotyledons orbicular. — Distetb. One endemic species.
1. C. tabularls, Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. 251, t. 22, f. 27 ; leaflets
10-16 ovate more or less velvety especially beneath or nearly glabrous
base obtuse shortly petiolulate, panicles erect scarcely equalling the leaves,
flowers yellowish or red, fruit ellipsoidal. W. d' A. Prodr. i. 123 ;
Thwaites Enum. 61 ; Wufht III. i. t. 56 ; Bedd. Ft. Sylvat. t. 9 ; Grah. Cat.
Bomb. PL 32. Swietenia Chickrassia, Roxb.llwt. Benrf. 33 : Fl Iiul. ii. 399.
Plagiotaxis Chickrassia, Wall. Cat. 1269. S. Sotrophola, II. Ham. ex Walt.
Cat. Lc. p. 214. C. Nimmonii, Grah. ex Wight i.e. 148 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 38. P. velutina, Wall. Cat. 1270. C. trilocularis, RoeuKn- Sifm/ps.
Monogr. i. 135. S. trilocularis, Roxb. ex Buck Journ. i. 184 ; G. Don Gen.
tSyst. i. 688. C. velutina, Roemer I.e. ; Knrz in Jomm. Asiat. Soc. Beng.
xlii. ii. 1873, 65. S. velutina and S. villosa. Wall, ex Kurz I.e. Cedrelse
spec. De Cand. ? lib. Wight, ex Wall. Cat. 4892. ] Cedrela velutina, DC.
Prodr. i. 625. % Cedrela villosa, Roxb. Hcyrl. Beng. 18. ? Melia tomentosa,
Kurz. Rep. Veg. Aiidam. ed. I p. iv., not of Roxbunjh. ? Toona velutina,
Roem. Synops. Monogr. i. 139. 1 T. villosa, Roem. l.c« 140. 1 Cedrela odorata,
Ilori. Kew. olim ex Roem. I.e., not Linn.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Coorg ; Malacca and Ceylon ; (?^ippere
and the Andaman Islands).
Leaves 12-18 in. ; leaflets 2-5 by lj-2f in. Floicers about ^-^ in,^ loilf^ Ovary
hairy. Stigma about on the level of the anthers. Fruit nearly 2 in. lung. — The Chit-
tagong wood tree.
18. CSDRSXiA, Linn.
Tall trees with coloured wood. Leaves pinnate; leaflets numerous,
opposite or subopposite, entire or serrate. Panicles terminal and subter-
minal oblong ; flowers white pentamerous. Calyx short, 5-cleft. Petiils sub-
erect, oval, imbricated, free. Stamens 4-6, free, inserted at the top of the
disk, sometimes alternating with staminodes, filaments subulate ; anthers
widely oblong, versatile. Di^k thick or raised, 4-6-lobed. Ovary sessile on
the top of the disk, 5-celled ; cells alternate with the calyx-lobes, each; with
8-12 biseriate pendulous ovules; style filiform, stigma discoid. Cdpsule
coriaceous, 5-celled, septifragally 5-valved ; valves consisting of two plates.
Seeds compressed, winged below or at both ends, with fleshy albumen;
cotyledons flat, subfoliaceous. — Distrib. About 12 species, inhabiting
Tropical Asia, Australia, and America.
1. C. Toona, Roxb.ex Rotd. &\ Willd. in Gesell. Nat. Freunde. N. Sdir. iv.
198 (1803) ; HoH. Beng. 18 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 238 ; Fl. Ind. i. 635 ; leaflet 8-30
obliquely ovate or lanceolate acutely acuminate glabrous shining entire or
serrate base obtuse petioluled, panicles drooping about as long as or exceed-
ing the leaves, pedicels short, stamens 5 occasionally 6 or alternating with
staminodes equalling the petals, capsule oblong. W. d A. Prodr. i. 124;
Wight Ic. t. 161 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 10 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 38 ;
Brandis Fl. Sylv. 72, t. 14 ; Wall. Cat. 1272, 9041. C. febrifuga, Bbtme
Bijdr. 180. C. hexandra, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ii. 425 ; Cat.
1272. 1 C. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 1273., C. serrata, Royle III. t. 25 ; Brandis
Cedrela.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 669
l.c. 73. C. australis, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 4, teste Benih. Fl. Austral, i. 387.
1 0. multijuga, Kurz in Journ. Asiat Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 297. Toona ciliata,
febrifuga, liexandra, serrata, and longifolia, Roem. Synops. i. 139, 140. —
Rumph. Herh. Amhoin. iii. t. 39.
Tropical Himalaya ; from the Indus eastward, ascending to 3000 ft. ; and through-
out the hilly districts of Central and Southern India and Birma (absentia Ceylon!).
— Distrib. Java, Australia.
Leaves 1-3 ft., deciduous; leaflets 2-7 by |-3 in., sometimes glaucescent beneath.
Floioers fragrant, |-^ in. long. Petals ciliate. Capsule about |-1 in, long, oblong. —
Dr. Braudis distinguishes C. serrata from C. Toona by several characters ; however, I do
not find any of them constant, except that in the few examples that show it the seeds
of the former have wings at the upper end only, while those of the latter have wings at
both ends ; it is common throughout the Himalaya, attaining an elevation of 8000 ft. —
The flowers are used for dyeing : see Buchanan, Journey, i. 215, iii. 288.
19. CKI.OROXVI.ON, DC.
A moderate-sized tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets obtuse, oblique,
entire. Panicles terminal and axillary, pubescent ; flowers small penta-
merous. Galyx deeply lobed. Petals spreading, unguiculate, imbricated in
bud. Stamens 10, inserted in the depressions of the disk, free ; filaments
filiform-subulate, the alternate ones rather longer ; anthers small, versatile.
Dish thick, 10-lobed, pubescent. Ovary pubescent, immersed in the disk ;
3-lobed, 3-celled ; cells about 8-ovuled ; style short, slender, glabrous,
stigma small, capitate. Capsule coriaceous, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved.
Seeds compressed, exalbuminous ; margins angular, winged above ; coty-
ledons plano-convex.— Distrib. One endemic species.
1. C. Swietenia, DC. Prodr. i. 625 ; leaflets 20-40 opposite subopposite
or alternate glabrous pale and dotted on lower surface base very unequal
shortly petioluled, panicles scarcely as long as the leaves, pedicels longer
than the flowers, capsule glabrous oblong dark brown. TV. <& A. Prodr. i.
123; Wight Lll. i. t. bQhis; Grah. Cat. Bomh. PI. 32; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat.
t. 11 ; Brandis Fl. Sylvat. 74 ; Dalz. (^ Gibs. Bomh. Fl. 39 ; Thwaites Enum.
61 ; Wall. Cat. 1268. Swietenia Chloroxylon, Roxb. Cor. PL i. t. 64 ; Fl.
Ind. ii. 400.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan to the Nilghiris ; Ceylon.
Young parts petioles and inflorescence covered with grey puberulence ; heartwood
with a beautiful satin lustre and fragrant. Leaves 5-9 in. ; leaflets §-1 \ by ^-| in.
Mowers ^ in. wide when open. Capsule 1 in. long by 4 in. thick. — Indian Satin-
wood.
Meliacea penangiana, Wall. Cat. 4889, from Penang, consists of 3 unnameable
and apparently diverse species, one of which is probaljly a Canarium.
Meliacea rugosa, Wall. l.c. 4891, from Penang is probably not Meliaceous.
Order XXXVIH. CHAILLETIACE.ffi. (By J. D. Hooker.)
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire ; stipules 2, deciduous.
Flowers small, unisexual or polygamous, in corymbose cymes ; peduncles
sometimes adnate to the petiole. Sejjals 5, free or connate, sometimes
unequal, imbricate. Petals 5, free, subperigynous, equal or unequal,
notched or 2-fid, with often an inflexed lamina, which is adnate to the face
of the petal, usually open in aestivation. Stamens 5, subperigynous, all or
some only fertile, free or adnate to the corolla; anthers oblong, connective
570 XXXVIII. CHAiLLETiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.)
often thickened at the back. Disk of 5 glands or scales, or a 5-glandular
or -lobed cup. Ovary free, pubescent or villous, 2-3-celled ; styles 1-2-3,
free or more or less connate, stigmas simple or capitate ; ovules anatropous
in pairs from the top of eacli cell, pendulous. Drnj)e pubescent or hispid,
oblong transversely oblong or didymous, compressed ; epicarp entire or
dehiscent; putamen iudehiscelit or not, 1-3-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seed
pendulous, hiluni broad, testa membranous, albumen ; embryo large,
cotyledons thick, radicle small superior. — K small chiefly tropical order, of
3 genera and about 40 species.
1. ckazx.x.i:tia, do.
Flowers polygamo-moncecious. iSejmls 5, unequal, united at the base or
above it, obtuse. Petals 5, 2-lobed, narrow, free. Stamens 5, sometimes
slightly adnate at the base to the petals. Dish of 5 quadrate scales placed
opposite the petals. Ovary 2-3-celled. — DiSTKiB. Tropical Asia, Africa, and
especially America; species about 30.
1. C. grelonloides, Ilooh.f. in Gen. Plant, i. 341 ; branchlets minutely
pubescent, leaves glabrous elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate or -obovate
abruptly acuminate or caudate-acuminate narrowed into the very short
petiole, flowers in small cymes. Bedd. Fl. St/lv. Anal. Gen. 69, t. 9, f. 1.
C. sumatrana, Miqud Fl. Ind. Bat. Supi>l. 329. Moacurra gelonioides,
Rood). Fl. Ind. ii. 70; Baill. Etnd. Gen. Euph. 587; Mull. Arg. in DC.
Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 227 ; Thwaites Enum. 79 ; Dalz. & Gi))S. Bomb. Fl. 52.
Celastrus acuminatus, Wall. Cat. n. 4342. Wahlenbergia, Br. ex Wall.
Cat. Didex, p. 232.
Eastern Bengal ; at the foot of the Khasia Mts., and in Silhet and Chittagong ;
Western Peninsula, on the Ghats from the Concau southwards. Ceylon, ascending
to 3000 ft.— DiSTRiB. Sumatra,
A small suhdicecious tree. Leaves 2-4 by f-2 in., rather thin, nerves reticulate, pale
when dry, the young pilose or silky beneath ; stipules pubescent, old quite glabrous be-
neath. Male fl. about ^ in. diam. SejyaU subeqiial, obtuse, hoary. Petals as long,
naiTow obovate, glabrous, a subquadrate scale is placed in front of each at the base.
Stamens inserted at the very base of the calyx, or rather shorter than the petals, con-
nective broad. Female fl, as in the male, but the anthers have no pollen. Ovary
broad, sessile, woolly; styles 2, very short, stigma minute capitate. Fruit when per-
fect |-1 in. diam., transversely oblong or obconlate, 2-cnlled, compressed and didymous,
hut often only one carpel is perfect, and then it is smaller, oblong and oblique, epicarp
thick, rather Heshy, dehiscing along the edges, and becoming partially reflected, ex-
posing the yellow mesocarp which surmounts the rough crustaceous endocarp. Seeds
oblong, testa thin ; embryo the shape of the seed, radicle short. — Roxburgh erroneously
descnoes the split epicarp as a 2-valved capsule, and the coloured fleshy mesocarp as an
aril. The descriptions of Baillon and Miiller are evidently taken from imperfect speci-
mens, and probably of two diflerent plants; they both retain Moacurra, and refer it to
Euphorbiacece. Beddome describes the endocarp as divisible into two valves, but I find
no trace of this in eastern specimens. Thwaites has a var. /3, with leaves more or less
tomentose beneath.
2. C. Kelferiana, Eurz in Beng. As. Soc. Journ. xli. 1872, pt. 2, 297 ;
branchlets terete, young hoary-pubescent, leaves elliptic-oblong or -obovate
acuminate petioled young and old along the nerves silky pubescent beneath,
veins very indistinct, flowers in hoary branched racemes, fruit hoary.
Chaillet. (spec.) Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 4038.
Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez, Heifer.
Chailletia.] xxxviii. chatlletiace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 571
It is difficult, in the absence of floAvers, to distinguish this by characters from C.
gelonioides; the leaves are larger, 4 inches long, more oblong, more shortly and sharply
acuminate, of a brown colour when dry, with very faint slender nerves, and they are less
narrowed at the base. The fruit, judging from Wallich's specimen, is smaller, though
as densely hoary and of the same shape, and the epicarp dehisces in the same way.
3. C. long'ipetala, Turci in Bull. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 611; branches
angular pustular, young densely tomentose leaves elliptic or elliptic-lan-
ceolate acuminate silkily hairy beneath, especially on the nerves and
pubescent on the nerves above, old scabrid beneath, cymes densely
tomentose, male lax small-flowered, female short with fewer denser flowers
that have longer petals.
Tenasserim; at Mergui, Griffith, Heifer.
Apparently a monoecious climber ; bark of branchlets pale and densely pustular,
youngest fulvous-pubescent. Leaves 3-4^ in., dark-brown when diy, nerves strong
beneath ; petiole very short. Male fl. in effuse cymes, about ^-in. diam. Sepals con-
nate into a turbinate tube, obtuse, lioary, unequal. Petals little longer than the sepals,
broad, split to below the middle. Stamens equalling the petals. Disk-scales quadrate,
crenate. Rudimentary-ovary minute, woolly. Female fl. twice as large as the male.
Calyx the same. Petals twice as long as the Sepals, narrow. Stamens with long fila-
ments and no pollen. Ovary globose, clothed with straight white hairs ; style long and
slender, 3-fid at the apex. Fruit wanting.
4. C. deflexifolla, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 611, var. tomen^-
TOSA ; branches terete smooth young fulvous-tomentose, leaves petioled
elliptic or elliptic-oblong acute coriaceous shining above tomentose beneath,
nerves strong minutely pubescent above, cymes peduncled spreading many-
flowered hoary.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Apparently a climber ; branches black, the ultimate clothed with fulvous pubescence.
Leaves 4-6 by 2|-34 in., much broader than in any of the preceding species, very
shortly acuminate or very acute, coriaceous and hard, dark-brown when dry ; petiole
stout. Cymes many, much branched, eff'use, 2 in. diam. Male fl. xs-i^- diam. Calyx
divided nearly to the base ; segments unequal, obtuse. Petals rather longer than the
sepals. Female fl., calyx as in the males. Petals half as long again as the sepals.
Stamens long ; anthers empty. Ovary clothed with matted wool ; style very slender,
3-fid at the tip. Fruit unripe, hoary with fulvous tomentum.— I unite this with the
Javanese C. deflexifolia with some doubts, the leaves being so much more tomentose
beneath.
Var. ? sordida ; leaves 3-4 by 1|'2 in., minutely pilose or pubescent and purplish-
bi-own beneath. Sincapore, Wcdlich (Cat. n. 9016), Maingay. — The specimens are
flowerless ; Wallich's has unripe fruit quite like that of var. tomentosa.
5. C. Griffithli, Hook. f. ; branchlets clothed with long spreading
strigose hairs, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate cordate at the
very base, hairy beneath, cymes short few-flowered, fruit oblong densely
clothed with fulvous rigid hairs.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
A very distinct species from any of the above. Branchlets slender, clothed more or
less laxly with hairs, 175-^ in. long. Leaves subsessile, 4-7 by 2-3 in., glabrous above,
beneath more or less clothed with long hairs, that are sometimes confined to the nerves,
at others scattered over the surface. Flowers, female only seen, larger than its con-
geners, J in. diam., in small few-flowered cymes. Calyx divided nearly to the base,
densely tomentose. Petals not exceeding the sepals, pubescent. Stamens equalling
the petals. Ovary densely clothed with rigid fulvous bristles ; style very slender, 3-fid
at the tip. Fruit 1^ in. long, 2-celled. — Griffith describes this as a shrub with the
flowers whitish, capitate, and hidden under the leaves, and with 1-ovuled ovarian
cell. I find however 2 ovules, as in the other species. Maingay had given this, or a
572 XXXVIII. CHAILLETIACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Chailletia.
variety of it, the mn. name oH lanuginosa, his specimen having softer pubescence on the
leaves than Griffit^h's; but the nature of the clothing of the branchlets, leaves, and fruit
is far from being woolly; he further describes the styles as 2, short and distinct, which
probably applies to male flowers, as in GriflSth's plant it is slender and 3-fid at the
apex.
6. C. Iiaurocerasus, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; branches terete smooth
black and leaves perfectly glabrous, leaves oblong and elliptic-oblong very
shortly petioled obtusely acuminate, nerves very slender, cymes very small
few-flowered, fruit large hoary, transversely oblong or globose when one
carpel ripens.
Penang, in every part of the hill, Maingay. (Sincapore? Lohb.)
A scandent shrub ; remarkable amongst the India species for being perfectly gla-
brous, even the young twigs and leaves ; branchlets black when dry, not pustular.
Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., on short slender petioles, coriaceous, very smooth and bright
red-brown when dry. Cymes, female only seen, small, few-flowered, shortly peduncled.
Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx divided nearly to the base, lobes very rounded, nearly
equal, hoary externally. Petals glabrous, about twice as long as the calyx. Stamens
equalling the petals ; anthers empty. 0<^ar?/ minute, pubescent; style long, slender,
3-fid at the tip. Fruit fully formed IJ in. across, epicarp hard, endocarp thick, bony,
tubercled on the surface, white inside. — Lobb's specimen is ticketed from Sincapore,
but is more probably from Penang.
C. sp. ? Wall. Cat. 7443, from Penang, Porter, without flower or fruit, is probably an
undescribed species of Chailletia. It has terete branches, pubescent branchlets, narrow-
oblong glabrous leaves, 5-8 in. long, with obtuse or subacute tips and rounded bases,
beautifully reticulated and shining on both surfaces; the cymes are small and fulvous-
pubescent.
Order XXXIX. OLACINE^. (By Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S.)
Trees or shrubs rarely herbs, sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate,
rarely opposite, simple or lobed, penni- or palminerved, exstipulate. Injlo-
rescence cymose • cymes terminal, axillary, or extra axillary, sessile or more
or less peduncled, rarely capitate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or
unisexual, often dioecious. Calyx usually .small, 4-5 -toothed, sometimes
accrescent, free, or adherent either to the ovary or to the fruit, lobes val-
vate or imbricate. Petals 3-6, valvate or imbricate, free, or more or less
coherent. Stametis 3-15, inserted with the petals, free or adnate to them
and either opposite to or alternate with them, all fertile, or some (stami-
nodes) anantherous, disunited or more or less monadelphous ; anthers
erect, 2-ceIled, spUttin^ongitudinally. Bisk hypogyuous, cup-shaped,
perigynous or epigynous. Ovary hee, or half-inferior, 1 -celled, or im-
perfectly 2-3-5-celled (from the dissepiments not reaching the apex of the
cavity) ; style simple or 0, rarely divided, stigma entire or lobed ; ovules
1-5, pendulous from the apex of a central placenta, or from the side or apex
of the ovarian cavity, consisting usually of a naked nucleus ; funicle (or
placenta ]) often dilated into a thickened process, " obturator," above the
ovule. Fruit drupaceous, or dry indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded, free, or
more or less adnate to the calyx-tube and disk. Seed pendulous, albumen
fleshy, entire or lobed rarely ; radicle superior, cotyledons leafy, flat or
folded, rarely fleshy.— Disteib. Genera about 40, species about 190, widely
distributed through the Tropics of both hemispheres.
In the following pages the arrangement of Bentham and Hooker is followed, though
in all probabiHty some of the genera, when better known, will have to be transferred
XXXIX. oLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 573
elsewhere. Gnffith, Miers, and following them Baillon, Engler, and others, consider
the Icacine.ce to form a separate Order, an arrangement probably more natural than
that which is here followed on the ground of expediency, though Oliver's genus
Pteleocarpa is to novae extent intermediate.
Tribe I. Olacese. Stamens anisomerous, or equal and opposite to the
petals. Ovary 2-3-5-celled at the base, 1-celled at the apex, or completely
1-celled ; ovules pendulous.
* Fertile stamens anisomerous or twice or thrice the number of the petals.
Leaves alternate. Fertile stamens 10 1. Ximenia.
Leaves alternate. Fertile stamens 3-5 2. Olax.
Leaves alternate. Fertile stamens 12-15 3. Oghanostachys.
Leaves opposite. Fertile stamens 10 4* Ctenolophon.
** Fertile stamens isomerous with and opposite to the petals.
Calyx adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 5. Ovary 1-celled . 5. Erythropalum.
Calyx adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 0. Ovary 3-5-celled . 6. Strombosia.
Calyx not adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 5. Ovary 1-celled 7. Anacolosa.
Calyx adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 0. Ovary 3-celled . 8. Schcepfia.
Tribe II. Opilieee. Starmm isomerous, opposite to the petals or lobes
of the perianth. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled.
* Flowers monochlamydeous.
Bracts small. Staminodes 5. Ovule erect 9. Cansjera.
Bracts conspicuous, hop-like. Staminodes 0. Ovule pendulous 10. Leplonurus.
** Flowers dichlamydeous,
Staminodes 5 . 11. Opilia.
Tribe III. ZcacineaB. Stamens isomerous, alternate with the petals.
Ovary 1-2-cened, with 1-2 ovules pendulous from the top of the cell ;
rarely perfectly 2-3-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell.
* Calyx cup-shaped^ denticulate, valvate.
Petals glabrous within.
Filaments bearded, hairs curving over the anther ; anthers
adnate. Style subulate 12. Lasianthera.
Filaments glabrous or with short hairs only ; anthers pendu-
lous. Stigma discoid 13. Gomphandra,
Filaments glabrous ; anthers innate, sagittate at the base.
Ovary oblique 14. Apodytes.
Petals villous within. Ovary ovoid 15. Mappia.
** Calyx deeply 5-parted, lobes imbricate.
Flowers unisexual. Ovary 1-celled 16. Phlebocalymna.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit dry, winged . 17. Pteleocarpa.
Tribe IV. PhytocreneaB. Flowers (except in lodes) and fruit as in
Icacinece. Embryo more developed, cotyledons broad fleshy or foliaceous.
— Climbers.
Stamens alternate with the petals.
Flowers capitate.
Drupe echinate or bristly. Albumen deeply lobed . . .18. Phytocrene.
Drupe smooth. Albumen slightly lobed 19. Mivjuelia.
674 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.)
Flowers spicate, racemose or panicled.
Staminodes 0. Stigma sessile. Albumeii 20. Sakcostigma.
Starainodes 5. Styles 2. Albumen fleshy 21. Natsiatum.
Stamens opposite to the petals. Stigma sessile 22. Ioi>e3.
A milky-juiced climber. Sepals and petals imbricate. Fruit
dry winged . . >^ •-» 23. CARDiopxERia.
1. XZMSNZA, Linn.
A shrub or low tree. Branches spiny. Leaves shortly petioled, alter-
nate, simple, l-nerved. Flowers racemose, usually hermaphrodite. Calyq;
cupular, 4-5-toothed, persistent, not accrescent. Petals 4-5, oblong, revo-
lute, hairy within. Stamens twice the number of the petals, hypogynous ;
anthers innate, linear, 2-celled. Staminodes 0. Ovary sessile, superior,
4-celled ; style columnar, stigma simple ; ovules solitary in each cell,
pendulous, anatropous. Drupe ovoid, 1-celled ; stone solitary. — Distrib.
Species, 4-5, 1 Mexican, 1 South African, 1 Bornean, 1 Polynesian, 1 widely
dispersed through the Tropics of both hemispheres.
Baillon (Adansonia, iii, 128) describes the ovules as erect, but I find them as above
described.
1. X. americana, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 230 ; Roxh. Ft. Ind. ii. 252 ; W.d^A.
Prodr. i. 89 ; Miq. Ft. Ind. Bat. l pt. i. 787. X. Russelliana, WaU. Cat.
6784.
Eastern and Western Peninsulas, Circars, Wight; Belgaum, PitcMe ; Andaman
IsLDs., A'wr^ ; Malacca, Orijjith; Ceylon, Thwaitcs. — Distrib. Malayan Archipelago,
Trop. Africa and America.
Branches spreading glabrous, covered with a red astringent bark, often ending in a
spine. Young shoots angular. Leaves IJ by 1 in. and upwards, coriaceous, gla-
brous, ovate-oblong, or roundish, emarginate, base rounded, vernatioj? conduplicate ;
petiole ^ in. Flowers J in., bisexual, sometimes polygamous, white, fragrant, in short
racemes, which are axillary, or on the ends of thickened contracted shoots. Rachis
terete, 4-6-flowcred. Bracts minute. Buds oblong, acute. Calyx minute. Petals
many times longer tban the calyx, equal to the stamens in length. Connective thick.
Ovary ovoid-oblong, glabrous, longitudinally sulcate, surrounded at the base by the
persistent ultimately reflexed calyx ; style as long as the stamens.— The fruit is edible
and the wood is used as a substitute for Sandal-wood. This plant is omitted in Thwaites'
Fnumeration.
» excloded species.
X. ? OLACiGiDEs, W. & A. Prodr. i. 89, is Opilia amentacea, Poxh.
X. JEGYPTIACA, Juss. Oeu. 288 ; Pozb. Fl. Lid. ii. 233, is Balanites Eoxburghii,
Planch.
2. OZiAX, Linn.
Trees or shrubs, often scandent, sometimes prickly. Leaves alternate,
petioled, simple. Racemes axillary, simple, or branched. Bracts minute.
Calyx minute, cup-shaped, truncate or obscurely toothed, accrescent.
Petals hypogynous, valvate, more or less coherent, sometimes 6 in 3 pairs,
or 5, 4 coherent, 1 free, rarely 5 or 3 free. Fertile stamens u.sually 3, rarely
4, 5, generally opposite the edges of the petals aYid attached to their base,
rarely opposite their centre ; anthers adnate to the filament, (versatile,
W. (£-• A.) oblong, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Staminodes 5-6, bifid,
usually opposite the petals. Ovary fi'ee, usually surrounded by a shallow,
Olax.] XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.; 575
cup-shaped, hypogyiious disk, more or less 3-celled below, 1-celled above ;
style simple, terminal, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 3, linear, pendulous from
the apex of a central placenta. Fruit more or less covered by the accrescent
fleshy calyx ; stone crustaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed inverse, albumi-
nous ; embryo minute, in the apex of albumen ; radicle superior. — Distrib.
A genus of 25-30 species, natives of the tropics of the Old World.
1. O. scandens, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 163; Cor.PlJl^t. 102; scandent,
prickly, leaves ovate oblong or oblong-lanceolate, racemes many-flowered,
peduncles ascending longer than the bracts. Wall. Cat. 6774 A to G ;
W. d' A. Prodr. i. 89 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 785 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 'll ; Thwaites Enmn. 42 ; Brandis For. Flor. 75. O. Bador, Ham. in
Wall. Cat. 6778. O. psittacorum, Vald Enum. 34, 'partly. Roxburg^ia
baccata, Kaen. exW. & A. Prodr. i. 89.
Tropical Western Himalaya, in Kumaon ; Behar ; Central and Southern India ;
KoHiLKUND, BiRMA, Tenasserim ; Ceylon, in hot dry parts of the Island. — ^Distrib.
Java.
Trunk as thick as a man's thigh. Branches terete, more or less puherulous, prickles
stout, curved. Leaves distichous, 2 by 1 in., yellowish -green, glabrous or sometimes
puherulous beneath; petiole i^-^ in., puberulous. Racemes sohtary, axillary, half
the length of the leaves ; peduncles puberulous, twice the len2:th of the minute bracts.
Flowers small, white. Calyx puberulous or glabrescent. Petals 3-5-6, irregularly
cleft. Fertile stamens 3, anthers oblong. /Staminodes 2-fid. Ovary ovoid-oblong
1-celled, 1- rarely 3-ovuled. Drupe ovoid or globose, 3-4ths covered by the accres-
cent calyx. — Variable in the form and vestiture of the leaves as well as in the degree
of cohesion of the petals. From this latter cause the number of petals in different
flowers appears to vary and the relative position of the fertile stamens and petals
seems to be different. Wallich's 0. Bador is rather more pubescent than the other
specimens.
2. O. imbricata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 164 ; scandent, unarmed, leaves
ovate-oblong acute, racemes many-flowered, peduncles ascending scarcely
longer than the bracts. Wall. Cat. 6775 A, B ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.
i 785.
CmTTAGONG and Martaban at Amherst, Wallich. — Distrib. Java, Philippines.
Branches slender, terete, young shoots puberulous. Leaves distichous, 4 by If in. and
upwards, coriaceous, glabrous, base rounded ; petiole \ in. Racemes axillary, compact,
provided, when young with large (for the genus), ovate, concave, imbricate bracts so
as to resemble the spikelets of a ^Hza (Roxb.), ultimately about 1 in., dichotomous,
many -flowered ; peduncles puberulous. Flowers nearly ^ in. Petals 6, combined in
3 pairs. Fertile stamens 3, nearly as long as the G bifid staminodes. Fruit 4 in., ovoid,
glabrous.
3. O. Wig-htiana, Wall. Cat. 6779; shrubby or arborescent, leaves
ovate-oblong, racemes many-flowered lax, peduncles drooping longer than
the bracts. W. and A. Prodr. i. 89 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27 ; T/iwaites
Enum. 42 ; Beddome Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. 9, f. 2. O. lucida, Heyne in
Wall. Cat. 6777. O. p«ittacorum, Vahl Enum. ^z'd'ijMrUy ex W. <k A. Prodr.
i. 89. O. zeylanica, Wall. Cat. 6777 B?.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards ; Malacca, Griffith ; Ceylon, in
the warmer parts of the island.
A shrub or small tree (Beddome), a scandent shrub (Dalz. and Gibs.). Branches terete,
glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1^ in. ; glabrous, shining above, paler beneath; petiole i in.,
glabrous or puberulous. Raceme 1 in., axillary, solitary or clustered, simple or
branched; peduncles ^ in., distichous. i^Zoi«er-&t<c?s cylindric-clavate. Flower \-\ in.
Calyx cupular, puberulous. Petals 5. Fertile stamens 3, half the length of the
576 XXXIX. OLACINEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Olax.
petals. Staminodes 5, bifid, nearly as long as the petals. Ovary ovoid. Fruit oblong,
nearly covered by the closely adherent glabrous calyx.
Var. 1, hracteata, racemes elongated half as long as the leaves, bracts 2-3 times
longer than the peduncles ovate leafy. — Bombay, Law. This may be merely an
accidental variation.
4. O. zeylanioa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 532 ; arborescent, leaves ovate
acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, racemes many-flowered, peduncles ascending
scarcely exceeding the bracts. Wall. Cat. 0776 A, 6776 B ? ; W. (h A. Prodr.
i. 88 ; Thwaites Enitm. 42 ; Beddome Ft. Sylv. Ix.
Ceylon, southern parts of the island, Thwaites.
A small tree. Young branches acutely angled, glabrous, transversely wrinkled,
loosely divaricate. Leaves 2 by f in., glabrous, shining ; petiole \ in. Racemes
axillaiy twice the length of the petiole, rachis puberulous, peduncles subtended by a
hract of about equal length. Flower-bud cylindric-clavate. Flowers ^ in. Calyx-
rim crenulate. Petals 5, oblong, many times longer than the calyx. Fertile stamens
3, shorter than the 6 bifid staminodes. Ovary ovoid. Fruit ovoid-oblong, obtuse.
5. O. mergruenBls, Planch, in Herb. Kew ; arborescent, leaves oblong-
lanceolate acuminate, base tapering, racemes many-flowered, peduncles as-
cending scarcely exceeding the bracts.
Tenasskrim ; at Mergui, Griffith ; Malacca, Maingay.
A low tree. Branches purplish, glabrous. Leaves 5 by 1^ in., glabrous, coriaceous;
petiole ^ in. Racemes solitary or many from the same axil, rather longer than the
petiole, simple or branched, erect ; peduncles pubei-ulous. Bracts ovate, acute, concave,
overlapping when young. Flowers ^ in., whitish, fragrant. Petals usually 6, in 3
pairs, or 5, rarely three. Fertile t^tamens 3, opposite the petals, nearly as long as the
bifid staminodes. Ovary ovoid-conic.
6. O. acuminata, TTW/.Ca^ 6781; shrubby, branchlets angular, leaves
ovate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, racemes few-flowered, j)eduncles de-
flexed. Bmth. in Linn. Trans, xviii 678. O. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 6780.
O. longifolia. Wall. Cat. 6782.
SiLHKT, Wallich; KhasiaMts., alt. 2000ft., R.f. & T.; Buotan, Griffith; Assam,
Jenkins.
Ascandent? shrub. Branches glabrous, yellow, divaricate, virgate. Leaves 2-4
by f-l^ in., glabrous, acute, base tapering; petiole ^ in. Racemes very short, peduncles
distichous. Flower-budu ovoid-conic. Flowers minute. Calyx pateriform. Petals 3,
oblong-lanceolate, apex incurved. Fertile stamens 3, opposite the petals, shorter than
the 6 bifid staminodes ; anthers apiculate. Ovary ovoid. Fruit f in., ovoid-oblong,
obtuse, glabrous, orange-coloured.
7. O. nana, Wall. Cat. 6783 A, B ; suffruticose, leaves oblong-lanceolate,
peduncles solitary l-flowered. Benth. in Linn. Trans, xviii. 678.
Hot Valleys of the Western Himalaya, ascending to 5000 ft. from Nipal westward
and in the Panjab.
Shoots herbaceous, from a contracted woody stock, virgate. Leaves \\ by ^ in.,
subsessile, glabrous, black in drying ; petiole \ in. Flower-buds obovoid. Flowers
scarcely 4 in. Petals 3, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse. Fertile stamens 3, opposite
to the petals. Staminodes bifid, longer tban the fertile stamens. Ovary ovoid-oblong,
1-ceiled. Fruit globular, pea-like, 1-celled, l-seeded. — This is one of those curious
plants, which like Grewia nana, appear never to form a trunk, but only a contracted
stock from which the shoots originate every year and are destroyed by fire, cattle, &c.
3. OCKAMOSTACHVS, Mast.
A tree or shrub. Z^a?;es alternate, petiolate, 1 -nerved. Flowers numerows,
on long, slender, branching axillary spikes. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5-toothed,
Ochanostaehys.] xxxix. olacine^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 577
not accrescent 1 Petals 4-5, free, valvate, hairy within. Stamens 12-15,
hypogynous, or adherent to the base of the petals, or arranged in groups of
3 before the petals, tilanients subulate, glabrous ; anthers minute, dilymous,
opening longitudinally. Staminodes 0. Disk hypoi^ynous, fleshy, very
shallow, annular, or inconspicuuus. OvavT/iree, ovoi'i, incompletely 3-celled
beneath, 1-celled above; style cylin Iric, stigma minute capitate obscurely
3-lobed ; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the apex of a central
placenta. Fruit unknown. — Distrib. Species 1 or 2 natives of the Malay
jieninsula and Borneo. In technical characters allied to Ximenia, but dif-
fering in habit, arrangement of the leaves, inflorescence and number of
stamens. The name refers to the thong-like inflorescence.
1. O. amentacea, Mast. ; leaves oblong acuminate, base acute, spikes
about as long as the leaves.
Malacca, Maingay, Griffith.— Distrib. Borneo.
Branches terete. Leaves 5-6 by 2 4 in., coriaceous, glabrous, quite entire, 1 -nerved,
secondary pairs of nerves about 5, rather distant, arching ; petiole ^ in. Flower-bud
roundish-oClung. Flowers yV in. Calyx puberulous. Stamens ^ shorter than the
petals.
4. CTENOI.OFKON, Oliv.
Trees. Zeo'?^es opposite, petiolate, simple, 1-nerved. Inflorescence ^BZiicXedi-
cymose, terminal. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, dichlamydeous. Calyx
5-parted ; lobes imbricate, not accrescent. Petals 5, free, imbricate, oblong,
reflexed after flowering. Stamens 10, free, springing from a short, riug-like
hypogynous disk, those opposite the petals longer than the others ; anthers
roundish, apicidate, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise. Staminodes 0. Ovary
free, shortly stalked, imperfectly 2-celled ; style cylindric, apex bifid,
stigmas capitate; ovules in pairs in each cell, collateral, pendulous. Fruit
coriaceous or crustaceous, 1-cellcd, 1-seeded, dehiscing irregularly. Seed
pendulous from the apex of a free central placenta, and provided with a
dorsal, pectinate crest.^ — Distmb. 2 known species, both Malayan.
1. C. parvifolius, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 516, t. 43 ; leaves
elliptic shortly and obtusely acuminate, ovarian cavity reaching nearly to
the base of the style.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branchlets glabrous, purplish. Leaves 2-4^ by l|-lf in., coriaceous, glabrous,
shining above, reticulate beneath, base rounded; petiole i-;) in., channelled. Ivfiores-
cence about the length of the leaves, cano-tomentose, panicled-cyraose ; pedicels short,
thick. Bracts -^^ in., caducous, ovate, deltoid. Flowers \ in. Calyx-lobes roundish,
concave, tomentose outside, subglabrous within Petals 5, erect, four times longer than
the caljx-lobes, coriaceous, oblong, recurved, downy outside, except at the overlapped
margin. Anthers adnate. Ovary ovoid-globose, hirsute, surronnde 1 at the base by an
annular disk, 2celled; style elongate, 2-furrowed, glabrous. Fruit {-% in., ellipsoid;
pericarp woody, crustaceous, splitting on one side. Seeds with an arilloid crest.
2. C. g-randifolius, Oliv. I.e. ; leaves oblong shortly and obtusely acu-
minate, ovarian cavity scarcely exceeding in length the hypogynous disk.
Malacca, Maingay.
Branchhts terete, glabrous. Leaves 3^-7 by 14-24 in., coriaceous, glabrous, entire,
midrib prominent beneath; petiole |-4 in., gla'rous or pruinose. Iiiflorescence bub-
pyramidal, peduncles ascending, articulato at the nodes, pedicels exceeding the calyx.
Bracts scale-like, caducous. Flowers ^-^ In. Stpnls equal, roundish, concave, coria-
ceous, cano-tomcntose outside, glabrous within. Petals 5-6 times longer than the
VOL.1.. PP
578 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Ctenolaphm.
sepals, linear-oblong, cano-tomentose. PoUen-grains large, 5-6-gonon8, compressed.
Ovary ovoid, densely hirsute, angular, 2-celled, dissepiment perforate ; style short, gla-
brous above. Fruit not seen.
5. ERYTKROFAZaUZtl, Blume.
Climbing cirhose shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, palmi-
nerved. I'endrils axillary. Peduncles axillary, dichotomous, ultimate
pedicels umbellate, ebracteate. Flowers hermaphrodite (monoeciuus Blume),
C(dyx adherent, limb 4-5-parted. Corolla rotate-campaniilate, deeply
6-lobed, lobes valvate. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, filaments very short;
anthers incurved, adnate, introrse, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise at the sides ;
connective thick. Staminodes 5, alternate with the lobes of the calyx, and
springing with the stamens from the throat of the corolla. Ovary semi-
adlierent, obconic, tapering at the apex into a short style, 1 -celled, some-
times (always ?) provided with an epigynous disk ; stigma minute 3-lobed ;
ovules 1-3, pendulous from the apex of the ovarian cavity, naked. Fruit
fleshy, indehiscent, ovoid-oblong or clavate, surmounted by the remains of
the calyx, 1-celled ; epicarp (calyx ?) ultimately separating from the fruit in
3-5 fleshy, reflexed valves. Seed 1, pendulous, albumen fleshy; embryo
minute. — Distrlb. The following are the only known species : —
1. E. scandens, Blume Bijdr. 921 ; leaves glabrous membranous ovate
or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, base sui)peltate rounded or acute, flowers
less than ^.^ in. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 7(>4 ; Wall. Cat. 9033, without
name. Coccnlus caloi)hyllus, Wall. Mss. in herb.
SiLHET, WalUch; Khasia Mts., alt. 2-2400 h.,H.f.& T.; Veqh, Kurz ; Malacca,
Maingay. — Distrib. Java.
Bravches striated, glabrous. Leaves 5 by 2^ in., 3-7-nerved, glaucous beneath.
Tendrils (stborlive peduncles) simple or bifid, tliickencd towards the apex. Cymes
axillary, lax, much branched, many -flowered, peduncles 3-4 in. ; branches divaricate,
nltimate pedicels umbellate, longer than the flower. Bracteole.e minute. Calyx cup-
shaped, obscurely 4-5 toothed. Corolla deeply 5- parted, lobes ovate. Ovary ovoid,
style short. Frint |-1 in. by \ in., Icelled, epicarp, (persistent calyx), yellowish, ulti-
mately separating from above downwards into 3-4 valves.
2. E. populifolium, Mast. ; leaves subcoriaceous ovate or roundish
acuminate, base cordate subpeltate, flowers exceeding tV i"- Mackaya
populifolia, Am. in Mag. Zod. Bot. 1838, ii. 531.
Tkavancor, at Courtallum, WigJd.
Glabrous. Leaves 5 by 4| in., 3-7-nerved, glaucous beneath; petiole 1^ in.
Ptdundes axillary, 1 or more together, or on a sliort thick spur, slender, dichotomous,
lew- flowered, pedicels longer than the flowers. Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely 5-toothed.
Corolla rotate, deeply 5 parted, lobes oblong, much longer than the calyx. Ovary
ovoid, semi -adherent, 1-ceIled ; style short, subulate ; ovules 3. Fruit ^ in., oblong or
ellipsoid.
3. E. vagrum, J/a5^; leaves subcoriaceous ovate-oblong obtuse or acute,
base subpeltate cordate, ovary with an epigynous disk. Modeccopsis vaga,
Griff. Notul. iv. 633 ; Ic. PL Lnd. Or. 028.
Tkopical Himalaya, from Nipal to Mishmi and Assam ; Malacca, Griffith.
Leaves 6^ by 4| in , 5-7-uerved ; petiole 2 in. Peduncle 7-8 in. Calyx tube obconic,
mnrgin obscurely 5-tootlied. Corolla deeply 5 lobed ; lubes herbaceous, oblong-ovate,
reflexed. Filaments filiform, anthers minute. Ovary ovoid-oblong, 1-celled, epiirynoas
disk laige, 5-loled, lobes opposite the sepals; style short, subulate, stigma minute
Erythropalum.] xxxix. olacine^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 579
ovules 3, pendulous, anatropal. Fruit 1 in,, ovoid-oblong, surmounted by the remains
of the disk, epicarp fleshy whitish; raesocarp somewhat bony, brownish; endocarp
whitish, spongy. Seed solitary, large, pendulous, ovoid, acute below, without coat
or distinction of parts except a trace of a radicle (Griffith). — The structure of the seed
requires further investigation. Materials are wanting for this purpose.
6. STROItlBOSIA, Blume.
Trees or shnibs. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, 1 -nerved. Ivjlorescence
cymose, cymes short. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, dichlamydeous.
Calyx cup-shaped, more or less 5-lobed, inferior, or partly superior. Petals
5, free, hairy within. Stamens 5, opposite the petals and adnate to their
base ; anthers 2-celled, introrse. Staminodes 0. Ovary wholly superior, or
partly inferior, imperfectly 4-5-celled, surrounded by a perigynous 5-lobcd
disk ; style simple ; ovules 4-5, pendulous from a central placenta. Fruit
drupaceous, surmounted by the remains of the calyx-lobes and of the style ;
stone crustaceous. Seed pendulous, embryo minute within fleshy albumen.
— DisTRiB. Species 6, natives of the Western peninsula, Ceylon and the
Archipelago. In the Indian species I find the flowers cleistogamous.
Sect. 1. Eustrombosia. Ovary free.
1. S. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 1154; Mm. Bat. Lwjd. Bat. i. 251 c. ic. ;
leaves oblong acuminate entire, base rounded, calyx obscurely 5-lobed.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 787.
Eastern Peninsula ; Texasserim, 5e//er ; Penang, Wallicli ; Malacca, 31aingay .
A lofty tree with hard white wood. Branches terete, purplish, glabrous. Leaves
6-7 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous; petiole ^-f in. Flower-bud ellipsoid. Flowers
^-\ in., greenish, in short axillary cymes, which scarcely exceed the petiole. Calyx
shallow, free, but accrcKcent and adherent to the fruit. Petals 5, much exceeding the
sepals, oblong, coriaceous, slightly hairy within near the re volute tip. Stamens 5,
^ shorter than the petals. Ovary conical, style short. Fruit drupaceous, turbinate,
substipitate, by abortion 1-seeded. — Although the ovary of this species is free, the fruit
is adherent (Blume confirmed by Baillon).
Sect. 2. Z<avallea {Baillon, genus). Ovary more or less adherent to the
calyx-tube.
2. S. ceylanica, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 350; leaves
inequilateral oblong-lanceolate acuminate entire, calyx 5-fid. Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 787 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 137. Strombosia javanica, Thwaitf^
Eiium. 42, not of Blume. Sphserocarya leprosa, Dak. in Hooh. Kew Journ.
iii. 34 ; Dalz. <^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 223. Lavallea ceylanica, BaUl. Adansonia, ii.
361.
Western Peninsula ; in the Concan and Canara. Ceylon, in forests of the Central
province, alt. 3000 ft.
A tree or shrub with greyish bark. Leaves 6 by 2| in., glabrous, coriaceous, base
rounded or somewhat tapering ; petiole | in. Flower-hiids oblong-<lavate. Flouers '
jV--^ in., siibse.ssilH, in axillary glomerules, or on a thick spur. Calijx-lohes rounded,
ciliate. Petals 3 times longer than the calyx-lobos, acute, hairy within, tips ultimately
reflexcd. Ovary 4-5-celled below, ovules 5. Fruit 1 in , pyriform, rugoao. deep purple,
apiculate, scaly, tuberculate when ripe. — The species varies in stature and in the form
of the leaf. The Cingalese forms have often more oblique leaves than those from the
Peninsula.
PP2
580 XXXIX. OLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Amcolosa.
7. ANACOX.OSA, Blume.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, 1 -nerved. Inflores-
cence cyraose, axillary. Calyx cup-shaped, 6-7-tootlied, not accrescent.
Petals 5-7 , free, valvate, springing with the stamens from an hypogynous or
perigynous disk. JStajnens concealed in the cavity of the petals and slightly
adnate to their base, filaments glabrous, or pilose at the apex ; anthers
basifixed, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary imperfectly 2-3-celled
below, 1-celled above : style simple, stigma shortly lobed ; ovules 2-3,
pendulous from a central placenta. Frail drupaceous, surrounded by the
accrescent disk; stone crustaceous, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous; embryo
minute, at the apex of fleshy albumen, radicle superior thicker than the
cotylcfions. — Distrib. Species 5 or 6, natives of Southern India, the Malay
peninsula, and archipelago.
1. A. densiflora, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 211, t. 22 ; 7^/. Sylv.
t. 138 ; leaves oblong acuminate, base rounded, cymes many-flowered dense,
calyx glabrous.
Travancor, on the Anamallay hills, Beddome.
A lofty tree. Branches terete. Leaves 4 5 by 1^-2 in., glabrous, shining, entire ;
petiole \ in. Cyme 7-20-fiowerecl, pedicels \ in., a.s long as the yeilow fragrant flowers.
Flower-hudu ovo\<\, come, f'ahjx ciip-shaTHid, 4-6-tootln;(l. P<tuls 4-6, ovate-lanceo-
late, reflexed at the tips, hispid within. Filaments glabrous, ninch shorter than the
petals, anthers roundish ghibrou.4. Ovary snrronnded by a broad disk, 3-ceIled, cells
l-ovulat« ; style simple, scarcely so long as the ovary, stigma 3-lobed.
2. A. illcoides, Mast ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute at both ends,
cymes few-flowered lax, calyx glabrous.
Khasia Mrs., / D. 11 (0 T. T.
A small spreading tree. Bark grey. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in., plabrous, coriaceous ;
petiole 4 f i'l- Peduncle half the lenc^th of the petiole, dividing int > 3 pedicels as
long as itself, or cymes ses-ile, nnibcllate. Flower-hvds ovoid, enbi^lobose. Calyx
gUilirous, cupsh.iped, 5-6 fid, lobes deltoid. PetnU 5-6, 2 or 3 times longer than
the sepals, coriaL-c-ous, oblong, inflexed at the points, hairy within just above the anther.
Filaments br<>ad, glabrous ; anthers subglobose. Ovary depressed conic, imperfectly
3-celled ; ovules 3. Fruit unknown.
3. A. G-riffithil, Mast.; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, cymes
few-flowered, calyx glabrous.
TKNASSEKiM'and Andaman Islands, Griffith, Kurz.
Shrub or trcL-? Branches slender, purplish. Leaves 2^ by 1 in., coriaceous, glabrous;
petiole 4 in. Cipnes axillary, sessile, or on a short scaly spur; pedicels half the length of
the petiole. Flower-huds subglobose. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-6'toothed. Pitals 1 or .3
limes lon-^er than the sepals. Filaments much shorter than the petals. Ovary conical,
2-3-celled ; style short, stigma obscurely lobed ; ovules 2-3.
4. A. Maing-ayl, Mast. ; leaves suborbicular, base rounded, cymes
few-fiowerod, calyx glabrous.
Singapore, Maingoy.
A tree or shrub? Barh grey, rugose, tubercled. Leaves about 2 in. each way,
coriaceous, glabrous, venation obscure ; petiole \ in. Cymes axillary ; pedicels glabrous,
shorter than the petiole, each with 2-3 minute, sqtamiform bracts aj; the base. Floiver-
buds oblong. Calyx cup-shaped, minutely 5-toothed. Petals 5, oWong, valvate.
Filamevts glabrous, much shorter than the petals ; anthers oblong. Ovary surrounded
hy a 5lobed disk, imperfecdy 3-celled ; style as long as the ovary, stigma 3-lobed
ovules 3, pendulous. Fruit the size of a pea, glaucous, globose.
Anaeolosa.] xxxix. olacine.e. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 581
5. A. puberula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc Beng. 1872, ii. 297 ; leaves
oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate, base acute, calyx puberulous.
Andaman Islds., Kurz.
A large shrub. Leaves 5-6 in., shortly petioled, glabrous, coriaceous. Peduncles
■short, erect, puberulous, springin;^ from a short, thick, axillary spur. Calyx covered
with yellowish dovvn (Kurz). — I have not seen this spjcies.
6. A. ? heptandra, Maingay in herb. ; leaves lanceolate, base acute,
calyx puberulous, filaments hairy.
Malacca, Maingay.
A shrub or tree. Leaves 6 by 2 in,, coriaceous, glabrous; petiole ^ in. Peduncles
4-6, axillary, tufted, about the length of the petiole, puberulous. Flower-buds
oblong-truncate. Fioioer -^^iw. C'c/Z?/.r cup-shaped, 5-toothed. PefaZs 5 (7, Maingay),
valvate, coherent, ultimately free, coiiaceous, oblong, obtuse, concave, triangular at the
apex, hairy on the middle of the inner surface, edges membranous. Stamens 5
(7, Maingay), hvpogynous, opposite the petals, filaments broadly strap-shaped, bilobed at;
the apex, and provided with a tuft of bristly hairs ; anthers minute, didymous, concealed
by the hairs uf the filament ; pollen-grains triangular. Ovary depressed-globose, iobed,
surrounded by an annular disk, imperfectly 2-3-celled; style conic-fusiform as long
as the ovary, stigma minutely 2-3-too;hel; ovules 2-3, pendulous. — A remarkable
species. The flowers I examined were pentamerous. Maingay says in a note that it
agrees with Anaeolosa in all respects but the heptamerous flowers.
8. SCKCEFFZA, Schreb.
Trees. Branches terete or angular. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate.
Racemes axillary, many-tlowered. Flowers fragrant, yellow. Ejfncalyx cup-
siiaped, deeply 3-lobed. (Jalyx adherent to the ovary, limb obsolete.
Corolla perigynous, tubular, limb 4-5-parted. Stamens 4-5, epipetalous,
filaments slender ; anthers free, glabrous, 2-celled, attached below the middle
to the apex of the filament ; pollen triaugular. Oi'a/'y half-superior, sur-
mounted by a fleshy epigynous disk, 3-celled beneath, 1-celled at the top ;
style cylindric, stigma capitate, 3-lobed ; ovules 3, cylindric, pendulous
from the apex of a central placenta. Fruit drupaceous, surrounded at the
base by the persistent epicalyx, marked above by the remains of the calyx
and corolla ; stone thin, striated, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Embryo minute, in the
apex of fleshy albumen, radicle superior, cotyledons plano-convex. —
DiSTRiB. Species 3-4, natives of the Himalaya and of tropical South
America.
1. S. fragrans, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 18, t. 9; leaves narrow lanceolate
acuminate, lloxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 188; Griff. Ic. PI. Lid. Or. 629. S. odorata,
Wall. Cat. 485.
Nipal, Wallich. Khasia Mts., Griffith.
A small tree. Bark corky, whitish. Branches terete, smooth. Leaves scattered,
2-3 by ^-f in., acute at both ends; petiole \ in., channelled above. i^oce?wes .half the
length of the leaves ; rachis slender, pedicels ^-S, each ^-1 in. Floioers \ in. Lobes of
the e2nca''yx imbricate, ciliate. Corolla double the length of the calyx-tube, tubular
or funnel-shaped, limb 5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, acute, valvate, with a tuft of hairs on
the centre of the inner surface. Filaments attached to the petals for nearly their whole
length ; anthers on a level with the hairs on the petals, connective prohmged above.
Ovary nearly twice the length of the calyx. — The plant varies considerably in the size
of the leaves and flowers. I have followed Wallich's description of the epicalyx, the
three bracts of which differ from the calyx of Anaeolosa and Cathedra (with which they
are compared by Bentham) in their unequal size and their imbrication.
582 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sclicepfia.
2. S. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 486 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute,
flowers \ in.
SiLHET and the Khasia Mts., WaUich, &c. ; Mishmi Hills, Griffith.
A tree. Young branches angular. Leaves 6 by l|-2 in., glabrous, very acute at the
apex, less so at the base; petiole \ in. Pediceh \ in. Fqncalyx cup-shaped, scarcely
lobed. Corolla 4 in., yellow, fragrant, tubular-cainpanulate, limb 5-lobed ; lobes valvate,
ovate-acute, bairy within. Stamens and ovary as in S. fragrans. — This differs from
S. fragrans in its broader leaves, shorter pedicels, and much larger flowers.
In the herbarium are specimens from Griffith collected in Bhotan (n. 1819), which
are very imperfect, but which apparently belong to a third species of Schospjia, charac-
terized by short ovate or oblong-acute leaves, with closer venation than in S. fragrans
or jS. acuminata.
9. CANSJBRA, Jiiss.
Climbing shrubs, sometimes spiny. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled,
1-nerved. Flowers bracteate, m dense axillary spikes, monochlamy-
deous, hermaphrodite. Per in nth regular, 4-5-parted, lobes valvate. Fertile
.stamens as many as the lobes of tiie perianth, and opposite to them, fila-
ments glabrous, free, or adnate at tiie base to a thickened disk ; anthers
small, oblong, adnate, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Staminodes (glands
of disk) 4-5, liypogynous, alternate with the stamens, ovoid or subtriangular,
fleshy. Oi'rtrj/superior, ovoid-conical, 1-celled; style cylindric, stigma capitate
4-lobed, lobes alternating with the fertile stamens : ovule solitary, pendu-
lous. Fruit drupaceous, surrounded at the base by the marcescent i)eiianth ;
stone bony. Seed solitdry, erect, roundish ; embryo in the ui)per part of the
fleshy albumen, radicle superior, cotyledons sometimes 3 very long plano-
convex. — DiSTRiB. Species 3-4, natives of Tropical Asia and Australia.
In the description of the ovary and seed I have followed GrifKth, as my observations
coincide with his. Bentham iinds a true calyx, which others have not been able to see,
nor have 1 been able to detect one. Miers says the ovary is 4-cclled at the base, but 1
have only seen it 1-celled, as Ben ham df'scrit)es it. Many authors, incliuling Meissner
and Miers, place this genus in Thgmelficeer, an arrangement I myself prefer, but in
default of more certainty as to the real structure of the flower, the genus is here retained
in Olucineoi.
1. C. Rheedil, G'mel. Syst. i. 280 ; leaves glabrous ovate or oblong-
lanceolate, si)ikcs axillary solitary or twin. Wall. Cat. 1043, B ; Wight Ic.
t. 18G1 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat, Anal. Gen. t. xxvi. ; Thwaites Knmn. 251;
Jiramli^. For. Flm\ 75. C. scandens, Roxh. Cor. PL 103 ; Fl. Lid. i. 441.
C malabarica, Lamk. Did. iii. 433. C. zizyphifolia, Grif. Notul. iv. 300,
t. 537, f. 1. C. martabanica, Wall. Cat. l-KMl Salvadora persica, Wall. Cat.
1042, not of Linn. Olax ] sumatrana, Mi</. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 342.
Opilia amentacea, Wall. Cat. 2331. Strutiiiola scandens, Wall. Cat. 2331.—
Jiheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 2, 4.
Upper Gangetic plain, in forests of Oude ; Western Peninsula, from the Concan
and Dekkan southwards. Eastkrn Peninsula, in Martaban and Malacca. — Distrib.
Indian Archipelago, Hong Kong, N. Australia.
A climbing evergreen shrub. Branches divaricate sometimes spiny, younger ones,
as well as the inflorescence petioles and tube of flower, pubescent. Leaves U-3 by
g-14 in., coriaceous, yellowish and rugose when dry, base rounded, sometimes oblique ;
nerves depressed, arching, evan'^scent towards the apex ; petiole -^^-^ in. Spikes about
1 in., dense, many-flowered. Bracts minute. FLoicers yellow. Perianth ^^-g in.,
urct'olate, limb 4-5-parted. Fruit \-\ in., ellipsoid or ovoid, orange-red, surmounted
by the remains of the style.
Cansjera.] xxxix. OLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 583
2. C. parvifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 298 ; leaves
pubescent and pilose rounded or ovate acute.
Tenasserim, Heifer.
A shrubby climber ? Shoots, leaves and inflorescence pubescent and with stiff forked
hairs. Leaves f by | in., coriaceous, base rounded; petiole very short, ^racfs ovate,
acute. Pen'ara^A y\ in., funnel-bhaped or urceolate, limb 4-parted ; lobes ovate, ulu-
niately spreading. Stamens 4, free, springing from a perigynous disk, opposite the
lobes of the perianth ; anthers small, introrse. Glands of disk (staminodes) ovoid, acute,
fleshy. Ovary oblong.
10. XiEFZONUaVS, Blume.
Arborescent. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, simple, l-nerved. Inflo-
rescence axillary, of numerous densely packed trichotomous umbellate
cymes, each subtended by an ovate bract. Flowers monochlamydeous,
regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate, limb 4-parted ; lobes valvate,
glabrous within. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the perianth
and opposite to them ; anthers glabrous. Staminodes 0. Disk fleshy,
yellow, lining the base of the perianth-tube. Ovary free, oblong, conical ;
stigma sessile 4-lobed ; ovule solitary. Fruit drupaceous, glabrous, stone
crustaceous. Seed pendulous ; embryo small, in the axis of fleshy albumen,
radicle terete, cotyledons ternate. — Distsib. Species 2, natives of Tropical
Asia.
1. Zi. oblong-ifolius, Mast.; leaves oblong or obovate-lanceolate
acuminate. Leptonium oblongifolium. Griff, in Gale. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. ^
236. Opilia acuminata, TFo^^^. Cal 7200 F. -_ /•' • / 1 i^J />^
Eastern Bengal, Assam, and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 20(KTfl"."ABOK hills,
Griffith; Tenassekim at Mergui, Griffith. Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java,
Sumatra.
Branches greenish, subangular, glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by lf-2| in., membranous,
glabrous, base acute; petiole \-\ in. Pedicels twice the length of the petiole. Bracts
thin, membranous, roundish, imbricating when young. Flowers minute. Fruit J by
4 in. — The flowers are minute and the specimens very imperfect, hence the flowers are
differently described by different authors. In the absence of more complete material,
it is not possible to decide which view is the more correct. In the generic description
I have followed Griffith, as the results of my own examinations, so far as they have
gone, are in accordance with his. Wallich's 7464 A may possibly also belong to
this genus, but the material is too scanty for accurate determination. Its flowers are in
axillary spikes, and have a monochlamydeous, 5-parted, campanulate perianth, isorae-
rous stamens opposite the lobes, 2 -celled anthers dehiscing longitudinally and a free
roundish ovary.
11. OFXX.XA, Roxb.
Scandent shrubs or low trees. Leaves alternate, distichous, simple, entire,
l-nerved, shortly petioled. Flowen^s numerous, in axillary, racemose
cymes, each cyme umbellate. Bracts deciduous. Galyx minute, annular,
obscurely 5-toothed, not accrescent. Petals 5. Fertile stamens 5, free, oppo-
site the petals ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Glands of the disk
(staminodes) alternating with the petals, thick, fleshy. Ovary free, sessile,
i -celled ; style short, stigma minute ; ovule solitary, pendulous. Fruit
drupaceous. Seed albuminous ; radicle superior. — Disteib. Species 1 or 2
natives of the tropics of the Old World.
1. O. amentacea, Poxb.Cor. PI. ii. t. 158; Fl. hid. ii. 87 ; leaves ovate
or ovate-lanceolate. Wight III. t. 40 ; Tliwaites Enum. 41 ; Miq. Fl. hid.
584 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Opilia.
f
Bat. l pt. i. 784 ; Bedd. Fl. St/lv, Anal. Gen. t. ix. f. .3. 0. j^_yanica, Miq. Fl,
lad. Bat i. pt. i. 174. Ximenia 1 olacoides, IF. cb A. Prodi:, i. 80.
Western Peninsula; Northern Circars, Roxburgh; Pulney Mis'., Wight; Pegu,
Kvrz; Ceylon, in hot dry parts of the island, Thwaites. — Disxi^B. Islands of the
Archipelago, tropical Australia and Africa. -^
A low scrambling shrub, or small weak tree; herbaceous portions puberulous.
Leaves 2-4 by 1^-2 in., coriaceous, glabrous, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, entire, 1 -nerved,
arch-nerved, base tanenng; petiole ^-i^ in. Bacemes 1-1 4 in., erect, before flowering
lesembling cones. Plowcrs crowded. Bracts imbricate, at first concealing the flowers,
peltate, roundish, deciduous. Pedicels ^j in., puberulous. Fiowtrs ^ '^^' Calyx
minute. Petals 5, deciduous, each ^^ in., oblong, obtuse, alternating v.^th the lobes of
the calyx. Glands (staminodes?) oblong, obtuse, half the iengtn of th<; stamens.
J)rvjpe ovoid or globose. Emhriio linear nearly as long as tlie albumen. — Beddome
describes the ovule as erect, but this is probably an oversight.
12. XiASZANTHBRA, Pal. de Beauv.
Shrubs or trees, sometimes scandent. Leaves petioled, alternate, simple,
1-nerved, coriaceous. CV/w2e,s axillary, stalked. Flowers diclilamydeous, herma-
phrodite or unisexual. 6'a/^.r minute, cup-shaped, 4-o-lobed. Petals A-^^, free
or rarely cohering, without an inflexed point and with no pron)inent midrib.
tStamens 5, hypooynous, free, alternate with the petals, filaments flat, dilated
above, hairy behind, liairs curving over the anther in the bud ; antliers
adnate, :i-lobed, dehiscing lengthwise. Hgjmjunous disk cup-shaped, more
t»r less lobed. Ovary ovoid, 1 -celled, tapering intoa subulate style, terminated
by a minute stigma ; ovules 2, pendulous. Fruit drupaceous ; stone fibrous
outside, woody within. .SVW pendulous ; embryo in albumen, cotyledons
leafy broad, radicle superior (Thwaites). — Distrib. Species 4-5, 1 African,
the others jMalayan.
1. Zi. aplcalls, Thwaites Etiktyi. 4.3 and 403 ; leaves obovate-oblong
shortly and abruptly acuminate, petals free or nearly so, fruit ellipsoid.
Bedd. PI. Si/lv, t. 139. Urandra apicalis, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Joum.
yii. 211. »Stenionurns apicalis, J/ ier,s in I'rans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 110 ; Contrib.
i. 30r>. t 8. sccu] C'iilcn^s, Blim^ B.'jdr. 649. Lasianthera secundiflora,
J/vV/. PI. Jnd. Pat. Su]>2}L I t. ii.
Ceylon; in damp forests, alt. 1-3000 ft., T//?frt27r«.— Distrib. Borneo.
A large tree. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, gla-
brous, midrib depressed above, prominent beneath, base tapering into a short petiole,
\-'^ in. PeduncUs about as long as the petiole, axillary, subsolitary, cymes congested
7-12 fl. Flowers greenish-purple. Calyx cup-shaped, .'j-lobed, lobes roundish. Petals
?> or 4 tinffes longer than the calyx, ovate or roundish. Stamens as long as or longer than
}li(> petals. Ovarii ovoid, surrounded by an hypogynous cupular lobnlate disk, lajiering
al ove into a subulate style, stigma minute. Pr'upe 1^ by § in., stone woody lacunose,
mcsocarp fibrous. Testa consolidated with the pericarp. Einhryo half the size of the
all umen ; cotyledons leafy, cordate-ovate, acu^e, as long as the superior radicle.
(Thwaites.) \^
2. Xi. malaccensls, Mast. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate abruptly acumi-
nate, calyx puberulous, petals coherent.
Malacca, Maingay.
A scandent shrub (Maingay). Leaves A\-b\ by 2 in., coriaceous, glabrous, midrib
pnirainent, secondary nerves obscure ; petiole scarcely 4 in. Cymes axillary, stalked ;
P'-duncle compressed, as long as the petiole ; pedicels shorter than the fl(^wers, ascending.
Flowers \ in. Calyx shallow, lobes deltoid acute. Petals 4-5 times longer than the
calyx, slightly coherent, externally glabrous, hnear, spotted within. Filaments fiat,
Zasianthem.] xxxix. oLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 585
dilated above, slightly hairy in front beneath the anther, densely so behind. Hiipogy-
nous disk cup-shaped, more or less 5-lobed, lobes opposite the petals. Ovary half the
length of the stamens, ovoid, rugulose ; style conic, stigma minute. Ji^ruit unknown.
3. Xi. Maing'ayi, Mast. ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute or sub-
acuminate, base acute, fruit small ovoid obtuse. .
Malacca, Maingay.
A shrub about 4 ft. (Mainstay). J5rawcAe.s virgate. Leaves 2-3 by f-1 in., coriaceous,
glabrous ; petiole \ in. Peduncle axillary, about the length of the petiole, dichotomou'^,
ultimate pedicels drooping, shorter than the flovs'-ers. Flowers pendulous, J in. Male fl. :
Calyx minute, cup-shaped, 4-5 toothed, teeth shallow acute. Petals 4-5, much exceed-
ing the calyx, free, coriaceous, oblong-acuminate, (acumen inflexed,) glabrous on both
surfaces or slightly pilose within, midrib prominent on the inner surface. Stamens 4-5,
filaments flat, wdtli a tuft of hairs at the back curving over the anther. Pistil rudimen-
tary. Female fl. : Fruit |—4 in., 1 -celled, 1-seeded.
4. Xi. ? lanceolata, Mast ; leaves lanceolate pointed at both ends,
cymes terminal, petals free villous internally.
Malacca, Mt. Opliir, Griffith.
Leaves 4-5 by %-\ in., glabrous; petiole \ in. {7?/7ne.s terminal, half the length
of the leaf; peduncle trichotomous ; pedicels divaricate, densely tomentose, shorter
than the flower. Floiver-huds clavate. F'loioers hermaphrodite. Calyx cup-shaped,
5-toothed. Petals 4-5, ultimately free, lanceolate, inflexed at the apex and marked
w^ith a prominent nerve. Stamens 4-5, filaments flat, shorter than the petals, pilose
in front beneath the anther, densely so behind, hairs curling over the anther.
Ovary ovoid, conical ; style short, stigma minute. — This may be a form of some
Gom^ihandra.
13. GOBIPKANDRA, Wall.
Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, 1 -nerved. Cymes axillary, ter-
minal or opposite the leaves. Flowers diclilamydeous, hermaphrodite, or
polygamo-dioecious. Calyx minute, cup-shaped, 4-5-lobed. Corolla cam-
panulate, 4-5-lobed ; lobes acuminate, inflexed, nirely entirely free, midrib
prominent within. Stamens 5, bypogynous, alternate with the petals, fila-
ments thick, dilated above, hairy at the back, hollowed in front to receive
the anthers ; anthers pendulous from the filiform apex of the filament,
2-lobed, dehiscing lengthwise ; pollen-grains triangular. Hypogynous disk
thick, annular or 0. Ovary effete in the male, oblong in the female flower,
1-celled ; style conic, stigma minute or style crowned by a stigmatiferous
disk ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous, funicle dilated into an " obturator."
Fndt drupaceous, surmounted by the remains of the disk (stigma?), stone
crustaceous. Seed pendulous, surrounded by the raphe, albumen fleshy
bipartite ; embryo minute. — Disteib. Species 5-6, natives of tropical Asia.
Owing to the frequently unisexual flowers and the imperfection of the materials, great
confusion exists in books as to the characters and limitations of the genera Gomphan-
dra and Stemonurus. This arises chiefly from the difficulty of determining and core-
lating the variations in the structure of the ovary. In some cases, in the male flowers,
there is a rudimentary pistil with a subulate style ; in other cases this is developed into
a fertile ovuliferous ovary, the style retaining its conical shape. In a third series (the
true female flowers) the ovary is oblong and is apparently surmounted by a fleshy dis-
coid stigma. Miers, however, considers this stigma-like body to be in reality an ac-
crescent epigynous disk concealing the true style and stigma. The exact relation of
these forms one to the other, and their true nature cannot be surely determined from
dried specimens. From Lcmaathera, the most striking difl'erence is the form of the
hypogynous disk.
586 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) \Gompha7idra.
1. G. axillaris, Wall. Cat. 3718 ; leaves lanceolate, cymes axillary about
the length of the petiole, flowers unisexual or polygamous. Bedd. Fl.
^Sylv. Ixi. Lasianthera 1 tetrandra. Wall, in lioxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 327.
Platea axillaris, Thwaitea Enmn. 44 ; Dalz. db Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 28. Stemo-
nurus axillaris, longifoliiis, Heyneanus, and ceylanicus, Miers Contrib. i.
90-93. S. polymorphus, xMiers I.e. i. 87, partly. Olax Heyneana, Wall.
Cat. 6780. 0. longifoJia, Wall Cat. 6782, A partly, 6782 B. Gomphandra
polymorpha, Wight Ic. 954, ? p^?-^/^.— Dioecia pentandra. Wall. Cat.
67«0 B.
SiLHET, WaUich ; Western Peninsula from the Concan southwards ; Ceylon,
from the sea level to 4000 ft., Thwaites.
A small tree or large shrub, glabrous, or the terete branches slightly puberulous.
Leaves 1\-b\ by 1-2^ in., submembranons, conspicuously nerved, base acute; petiole
\-\ in. Cymes puberulous. Calyx minute, 4-5-toothed, slightly ciliated. Corolla
4-5 times longer than the calyx, tubuLar-campanuhite, limb 4-5-lobed ; lobes ovate,
acuminate, point inHexed, ultimately sheading. Filaments tlat, pilose at the apex.
Ovary small, oblong, smooth ; style conic, stigma minute ; disk accrescent. Fruit
\ in., oblong, obtuse, smooth, crowned by the remains of the stigma. Seed large,
integument striated ; cotyledons very large, semicylindric, amygdaloid, obtuse, radicle
superior (Wallich). — Wallich describes the stigma as ticshy, broadish, subcapitate,
but my own examination of Wallich's specimens agrees with that of Miers' de-
scription and figure. What Wallich took for the stigma may thus be the epigynous
disk of which Miers elsewhere maki-s mention. The Silliet habitat is derived from
AV^allich's specimen of his number 0782. There is no other authority tor this plant
occurring in Eastern India.
2. G. poljonorpha, Wight III. 103 ; Ic. 953 (not 954) ; leaves coriaceous
roundish to lanceolate, base tajjcring, cymes terminal or opposite the leaves,
very rarely axillary, two or three times longer than the petiole, flowers
polygamou.s. Wall. Cat. 9024. G. coriacea, Wight III. i. 103; Bedd. Ft.
ISylv. Anal. Gen. t. ix. Stemouurus })olynu)rphus, coriaceus, Walkeri and
Gardneri, Miers Contrib. i. 87. Platea \Vightiana, Miers, I.e. i. 98.
Western Peninsula, Nilghiri Mts., Wight; Ceyl<)N,
A small tree or lar^e shrub, glabrous, or the young parts and leaves slightly pube-
rulous. Lcavex 2-6 oy 4~'-^ "^-j more or less coriacenu-^, opaque, incmispicuously
veined; petiole ^-4 in. C////?c.'* puberulous. /'7o?«er-6?t//« oblong-ilavate. Flowers ^ in.,
4-5-merous, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx minute. Corolla campinulate, lobes
acuminate, points inflcxed. Stamens glabrous or slightly puberulous, free, or ulti-
mately agglutinated into a tube, at length exserted. Ovary on an hypogynous disk ;
style short, conic, stigma minute. Fruit ^-^ in., oblong or obovoid, reddish-brown. —
The plant figured by Wii,dit Icon. 953, as the male of this species has, as shown, her-
niaphrodite tlowi-rs, and the stamens are destitute of hairs. Miers in consequence, rei'ers
it to his Platea U'iyJitiana, but it difl'ers from Platea in the coherent petals and
acute, not discoid, sti-ma. It is apparently the same form as Wight's G. coriacea. —
\ery variable. VNight 111. p. 103, distinguishes the following varieties : —
Var. 1. acuminata, leaves oval attenuate at both ends terminating in a longish
linear acumen.
Var. 2. ohlongifolia, leaves linear-oblong obtuse at both ends abruptly acuminate.
Var. 3. angastifolia, leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in. naiTow linear-lanceolate acuminate,
base acute.
Var. 4. longifoHa, leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in. linear acuminate, base rounded.
Var. 5. ovalifolia, leaves 2-3 by IJ in. oval, obtuse at both ends or shortly acuminate.
3. G. a£Blnis, Mast.; leaves glabrous oblong-lanceolate, base acute,
cymes axillary 2-3 times longer than the petiole, flowers hermaphrodite.
Gmnphandra.] xxxix. OLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 587
Stemonurus prasinus, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 249. S. affinis, Mkrs Contrib. i.
94. Lasiantliera prasina, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 791.
Malacca, Griffith^ Maingay. — Distrib. Java.
A tree or shrub. Branches angular, tortuous. Leaves 3^-14 in-, petiole ^~\ in.
Pedicels pubescent. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla a in., tubular- campanulate, 4-5-lobejcl,
lobes ovate acute. Filaments hairy at the back near the top. Ovary cylindric ; stigma
large, discoid. Fruit oblong-obovate, narrowed at the base, surmounted by the remains
of the stigma. Seed solitary, integument brown, traversed by the raphe, albumen
copious ; embryo minute, radicle superior, cotyledons plano-convex (Griflf. Mss. in herb.)
4. G-. penang'iana, Wall. Cat. 7204; leaves oblong- acuminate, cymes
extra-axillary erect much branched exceeding the petiole. Stemonurus
penangianus, Alkies Contrib. i. 90.
Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Lohb.
A tree. Shoots terete, yellowish, glabrous. Leaves 5^ by 2 in., coriaceous, glabrous,
margins revolute, base tapering ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles 1 in. and upwards, setuh)se,
3-6-chotoniou8, ultimate pedicels shorter than the flower. Flower ^ in. Calyx
pateriform, 4-5-toothed. Corolla many times longer than the calyx, funnel-shaped ;
limb 4-5-fid, lobes acuminate inflexed at the point, midrib prominent on the inner
surface. Stamens 4-5, free, hypogynous, filaments flat, hairy at the back. Pistil
rudimentary. Female fl. : Ovary very short, 5-angled, depressed at the top ; style
conical, tubular, 5-toothed at the apex (Miers). Immature fruit ^ in., ovoid. — Miers
describes the flowers of Wallich's plant as hermaphrodite. In Griffith's specimens,
which are otherwise indistinguishable, they are unisexual. Arnott in Ann. des Sc. Nat.
(Bot.) 1834, ii. 236, says, this plant does not belong to Gomphandra, but he gives no
reason for this conclusion.
5. G-. toxnentella, Mast. ; leaves pubescent beneath oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, base acute, cymes axillary equalling the petiole, flowers herma-
phrodite. Stemonurus'^ tomentellus, KurzinJourn. As. Soc. Beng. 1872,
ii. 298.
BiRMA, Griffith.
Arborescent. Shoots, petioles, under surface of leaves and inflorescence yellow-
tomentose. Leaves 6-7 by 1-lf in. ; petiole 4 in. Flowers | in. Calyx cup-shaped,
4-5-toothed. Corolla 4-5-parted, pubescent externally, lobes acute, inflexed. Stamens
exserted, filaments pilose at the apex behind and slightly so in front beneath the
anther. Ovary oblong, pilosulous, surmounted by a large discoid stigma.
6. G-. ? crassipes, Mast. ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acu-
minate, pedicels pilose. Stemonurus? crassipes, Ktaz in Journ. As, Soc.
Beng. 1872, ii. 298.
Pegu, Kurz.
A shrub or small tree. Leaves 5-7 by 2 in., subcoriaceous, glabrous ; petiole \-\ in.
Cz/mes axillary, as long as the petiole, pedicels rVi^- Calyx coriaceous, cup-shaped,
5-touthed. Immature /riii^ ^-^ in., turbinate, glabrescent, purplish, surrounded at the
base by tlie persistent calyx. — Imperfect specimens only known.
14. AFODVTES, E. Meyer.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, coriaceous, usually
black in drying. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary corymbose cymes.
Cali/x vamute, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals 5, free, valvate. Stamens 5,
alternate with the petals, 'filaments dilated; anthers long or short, oblong,
basifixed, sagittate, 2-lobed, dehiscing longitudinally: pollen triangular.
Ovary i-celled, obliquely gibbous ; style excentric, curved, stigma small ;
ovules 2, pendulous, superposed. Drupe obliquely ovoid, compressed, stone
588 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Apodytes.
crustaceous. Seed pendulous ; embryo small, in the apex of fl?isliy albumen,
cotyledons narrow.— Distkjlb. Species 9, natives of tropical Asia and
Africa.
* Anthers elongate, linear-oblong.
1. A. Benthaxniana, Wight Tc. 1153 ; leaves glabrous oblong obtuse
at both ends margins revolute, anthers and ovary puberulous. Bedd, Ft.
Sylv. 140 var. a.
Western PENixbULA in the Nilghiri Mts. and Southern provinces, Wight,
Beddotne.
Branches terete, ghxhrous, shoots puhernlous. Z-eatJrg 3-4 by 1-1 ^ in., coriaceons,
black in dryitjg ; petiole ^-1 in. PanirhiS terminal, rigid, shorter than the leaves,
jiedicels pul)erulous. Flowers ^ in. Bttcds infloxed at the point. Ovar)/ hairy.
Drupe f by ^ in., ovoid, renifonu, crowned with the persistent base of the style, and
furnished with a lateral seutcliifurm appendage, 1 -seeded. iSeed pendulous, obovate-
cuneate, compressed.
2. A. Crardneriana, M ins in Ann. (b Mag. Nat. I/ist.ser. 2, vol. ix.
389 ; Contrih. i. 58 ; leaves oblong acute at both ends abruptly acuminate,
margins revolute, anthers glabrous, ovary slightly puberulous. Thivaites
Enum. 42.
Ceylon ; Central province, alt. 5-7000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites.
Bark wrinkled. Leaces 2-4 by | in., black in drying ; petiole ^ in. Cyme^
peduiicled, terminal, pedicels divaricate or fvacending, ultimate pedicels shorter than the
Sowers. Buds elongate, oblong. Flowers 4 in.
3. A. Beddomel, Mast. ; leaves membranous broadly ovate acute acu-
minate, margin.s flat, anthers and ovary glabrous. A. Benthamiana, var. jS,
Bedd. Fl. ;Sylv. 140.
Western Penin.sula in the Nilghiri Mts., and Travancore, Wight, &c.
Quite glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1^-2 in., black in drying, base numded or acute ;
petiole |-4 in. Pedicels pilosulous, ultimate pedicels shorter than thejlowers. Buds
oblong, obtuse. Flowers I in. Fruit § in., wrinkled.
** Aidliers short, oblong.
4. A. andaznanlcaf Kurz A?) dam. Rep. 5 ; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872,
ii. 298 ; leaves oblong acuminate not black in drying, cymes axillary short.
Andaman Islands, .fiTwrz.
A small tree. Branches virgate, terete. Leaf-huds pubcndous. Leaves l-^hy 2^
in., glabrous, base obtuse or acute, midrib depressed above prominent beneath; petiole
^ in. Cymes peduncled, peduncles not much exceeding the petiole, striu:ose. Floioer
I in. Calyx puberulous, cup-shaped, scnrcely lobed. Petals externally puberulous,
oblong-acute, midrib prominent within. Filaments 1^»X, ligulate; anthers short, oblong.
Drupe 1^ in.; stone fibrous woody.
15. BXAFPZA, Jacq.
Trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, 1-nerved. Flowers small, in
terminal corymbose cymes. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, usually hairy within.
^Stamens 5, hypogynous, alternate with the petals ; anthers 2-lobed, dorsi-
lixed, dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen grains subquadrate. Disk hypo-
gynous, cup-shaped. Ovary superior, 1 -celled ; style short ; ovules 2,
pendulous. Fruit drupaceous. Seed pendulous ; embryo in fleshy albumen,
cotyledons leafy, radicle superior. — Distrib. Species 8 or 10, uatives of the
Western Peninsula, Ceylon and tropical South America.
Mappia.] xxxix. olacine^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 689
1. XMI. toxnentosa, Miers Contrib. i. 67 ; leaves subcoriaceons ovate-
oblong acute or acuminate densely pubescent beneath black when dry.
Stemonurus 1 foetidus, Wight Ic. 955.
Western Peninsula, in the Nilgliiri Mts., Wight, Hohenacker.
A large tree. Bark of branches yellow, wrinkled. Leaves 4-7 by 2-3 in., base
obtuse, nerves prominent ; petiole 4-f in., thinly tomentose. Cymes terminal, corym-
bose, many-flowered ; pedunnles very thick, half as long as the leaves, ultimate pedicels
shorter than the flower. Flower-buds oblong, obtuse. Flowers ^ in., polygamous,
villous externally, yellowish and very fetid. Petals oblong. /Stamens glabrous. Ovary
ovoid ; style cyHndric. Drupe ^-J in., olive-shaped, purple, stone thin and soft.
2. IMC. foetida, Miers Contrib. i. 64 (not Stemonurus foetidus, Wight) ;
leaves glabrescent ovate acuminate not black in drying, base rounded.
Mappia fetida, £edd. Fl. Sylv. t. 141 (not the text).
Westekn Peninsula ; Nilghiri Mts. and Mysore, Wight, &c.
A larci:e tree. Bark wrinkled. Leaves 2^-7 by 2-3| in., coriaceous, thinly pubes-
cent, ultimately glabrous ; petiole f-1 in. Peduncles half the length of the leaves,
flattened, ultimate pedicels aViout ^^ in., strigose. Floioer-buds roundish-oblong.
Calyx minute, lobed, lobes rounded. Corolla hairy within. Anthers roundish. Ovary
half the length of the stamens. Drupe oblong, obtuse, f by f in.
3. BX. ovata, Miers Contrib. i. 65 ; leaves glabrous but with a few tufts
of hairs in the axils of the nerves ovate-oblon^c abruptly and shortly acumi-
nate, base inequilateral acute. M. foetida a, Thwaites Enum. 43. M. Gard-
neriana and Wightiana, Miers Contrib. i. 66, 67.
Western Peninsula; hills of the Southern Carnatic and Travancor, Wight, &c.
Ceylon, ascending to 7000 ft.
Branchlets angular. Leaves 64 by 2\ in., shining above, glaucous beneath with
resinous spots; petiole 2-2^ in. Panicle terminal, pedicels strigose. P'lower-huds
clavate. Flowers ^ in. Calyx cup shaped, 5-toothed, strigose. Petals 5, oblong, acute,
connate at the base, hairy on the inner surface. Filaments nubulaie, glabrous, anthers
ovoid, acute. Ovary ovoid, hairy, tapering into a club-shaped style and surrounded at
the base by an hypogynous cup-shaped disk. Fruit f in. by ^ in., ovoid, acute, stone
thin, 1-seeded ; cotyledons large, flat, leafy, palminerved ; radicle thick, albumen fleshy.
— There is a little difference in the shape of the leaves in the Cingalese specimens, the
base being more rounded and the putiole not so long.
4. BI. oblong'a, Miers Contrib. i. 65 ; leaves oblong acute at both ends,
glabrous except along the nerves or sparingly setose. 1 Dalz. ch Gibs. Bomb.
FL ^IS. M. Championiana, Miers he. 66. M. foetida /3, T/iaites Enum. 43.
Western Peninsula; in the Concan, Dalzell; Travancor, Wight; Ceylon,
ascending to 7000 ft., Champion.
A tree. Leaves A-1 by 2|-3 in. ; petiole 1-1 5 in. ; cymes terminal, lax, pubes-
cent ; ultimate pedicels as long as the flowers. Flowers \ in., pilose. Fruit § in ,
ovoid-oblong, purple. — The plant intended by Dalzell and Gibson may be M. tomentosa
of Miers.
Var. elliptica, Miers, I.e., branches angular, leaves smaller ovate acute. " Cordia,''^
Wall. Cat. 9064.— Travancor.
16. PHZiEBOCAIiVMNA, Griff.
Trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, coriaceous. Flowers poly-
gamous ; males in globose heads, borne on short spikes ; females sliortly
jiedicelled. Sepals 5, distinct, imbricate. Corolla tubular, limb 5-parted.
Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, adherent to the tube of the corolla ;
anthers ovoid-oblong, dorsifixed, 2-lobcd, dehiscing longitudinally. DUk
590 XXXIX. OLACiNE-s;. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Phlebocalymna.
fleshy, hypogyiioiis, 5-lobed, lobes opposite the petals. Ovary conic,
1 -celled; style subulate ; ovules 2. pendulous. FtiiU oblong with a crus-
taceous rind. Seed pendulous ; albumen coriaceous, lobulate, ruminate;
erabi:yo minute. — Distrib. Species 2 or 3, natives of the Malay peninsula
and islands.
1. F. Griffithiana, Mast, leaves obovate-oblong shortly and abruptly
acuminate, stamens adherent to the base of the corolla. Platea Griffithiana,
Miers Crmtrib. i. 97,
Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith.
A glabrous shrub. Branches terete, slender, slightly compressed, rutrose, yellowish.
Leaves 6-8 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous, pale, coneolorous, midrib prominent beneath,
margins revolute ; petiole ^-4 in., sulcate. Cymes axillary, erect, spicate, scarcely
longer than the petiole, few-flowered ; pedicels puberulous. Cali/x-lobes imbricate,
ovate, ciliolate. Corolla much longer than tbe calyx, funnel-shaped, limb 5-lobed, lobes
nhimately inflexed at the point. Filaiuenta linear, glabrous. Ovary very short, sur-
rounded by a pentagonal disk, 1-celled ; style conic, pilosulous, stigma obscurely 3 lobed.
Frvit 14 by | in., oblong, obtuse ; stone thick, bony, 1 celled by abortion. Seed solitary,
pendulous fn^m the apex of the cell, integument densely permeated by spiral vessels,
albumen fleshy lobulate. — Kurz refers Miquel's Gonocaryumt gracile to this species,
but Miquel's plant is described as having a longer inflorescence, two styles and a diffe-
rent fruit.
2. P. Ziobbiana, Mast. ; leaves oblong acuminate, stamens adherent to
the corolla for the greater part of their length. Platea Lobbiana, Miers
Contrib. i. 97 ; Wall. Cat. 9052.
Rangoon, Martaban, and Tenasserim; Wallich, d'c.
A shrub or tree ? Branches angular. Leaves 4^-5J by 1^-2^ in., coriaceous, glabrous,
margins revolute, nerves prominent beneath ; petiole | in., sulcate, rugose. Cymes
axillary, peduncled ; peduncle erect, shorter than the petiole. Flowers subfascicled,
\ in. Calyx ^^ in., cup-shaped, lobes imbricate. Corolla \ in., funnel-shaped, limb
6-lol)ed ; lobes oblong, recurved. Filaments glabrous; anthers ovoid, compressed, con-
nective wide at the base. Disk hypogynous, 5-lobed. Ovary hirsute, ovoid, tapering
into a short style. Fruit If in., oblong, obtuse, olive-coloured, obscurely 2-celled.
A plant collected by Wallich in Tavoy (Cat. 9051), has the habit, inflorescence, and
floral characters (ovary not seen) o^ Plilehocalymna, but the fruit is dift'erent, and more
like that described by Miqucl under his Gonocaryvmf gracile (Fl. Ind.-liat. Suppl. i.
343). Indeed, 1 should refer both Wallich's 9051, and Heifer's 817, Kew. dist. from Te-
nasserim ? which evidently belong to the same species, to Miquel's gentis, but for the dif-
ferent habitat (Micjuel's plant is Sumatran), and that I have not seen eith-r the ovaries
of Wallich's or Heifer's plant in any specimen of Miquel's. Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc.
Peng, xxxix. pt. 2, p. 72, refers Gonocaryumf gracile to Phlebocalynma Grifjithii,
from which it differs in the longer inflorescence, and especially in the fruit. — The fol-
lowing description applies to Wallich's plant, to which 1 would give the provisional
name Gonocaryum ( Wallichii; A glabrous shrub. Branches teiete, bark yellow.
Leaves 6 by 3 in., glabrous, coriaceous, oblong, tapering to both ends, shortly acumi-
nate, entire ; nerves depressed on the upper, prominent on the lower surface ; petiole
scarcely 4 in., rugose, channelled. Bactmes axidary, solitary or geminate, half the
length of the leaves ; rachis angular; ptdicels ^ in., horizonta', ciliated, 1-2 flowered.
Flowers unisexual or polygamous ? Calyx pateriform, deeply divided into 5 imbricate,
ovate acute, ciliated lobes. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, cylindric, obtuse ;
petals erect, thick green, oblong with iiifltxed points, valvate and cohering by the mar-
gins but readily separable. /Stamens 5, altern;tte with the petals and agglutinated to
their edges, but easily separable, filaments glabrous, anthers 2-celled, introrse. Ovary
abortive ; style 1, filiform, covered with short erect white ap[)re8sed hairs. Fruit 2 by
1 in., obliquely oblong, tapering to both ends, 1-celled; rind fibrous, corky. Seed not
seen.
Pteleocarpa.] xxxix. oLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 691
17. PTEI.EOCARFA, Oliv.
Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, 1-nerved, petiolate. hiflorescence ter-
minal, panicled, many-fiowered. Flowers regular, dichlamydeous, herma-
phrodite. Calyx tubular below, limb deeply 5-parted, lobes imbricate,
not accrescent. Corolla tubular below, limb deeply 5-parted, lobes im-
bricate, glabrous. Stamens 5, glabrous, springing from the tube of the corolla,
alternate with its lobes ; anthers linear, innate, dehiscing longitudinally.
Stamiriodes 0. Ovary free, stipitate, 2-celled ; styles 2, stigma minute ; ovules
solitary in each cell, pendulous, anatropal, raphe lateral or subventral.
Fruit 2-celled, compressed, orbicular, emarginate, deeply winged, wings
striate. Seed elongate, compressed, albuminous ; radicle superior, cylin-
diical, cotyledons linear-lanceolate longer than the radicle. — Disteib.
Species 2, one Malayan, the other from Borneo.
By reason of the imbricate calyx and stamens alternate with the petals, this genus
should be placed in Jcacinece, but the structure of the ovary is that of Olacinece. The
fruit is quite distinct.
1. P. malaccensis, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 515, t. 42.
Malacca, Maingay. — Uistrib. Borneo.
Quite glabrous. Brancldets terete. Leaves 3-5 by l|-2 in., membranous, oblong
or oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate, base narrowed, midrib prominent beneath ; petiole
^-| in. Panicles terminal, scarcely exceeding the leaves. Bracts minute, ovate, del-
toid. Fediceh ^-^ in., slender, ascending, sometimes clustered in umbellate cymes.
Flowers ^ in. diam., yellow or red, glabrous. Calt/x-lobes ovate, roundish, obtuse.
Corolla 4 times longer than the calyx, tube short ; lobes oblanceolate, oblong, obtuse.
Stamens as long as the corolla, filaments filiform, glabrous ; anthers basifixed" Ovary
flabrous, oblong, obtuse, compressed, obscurely furrowed, seated on a thick stipes.
ruit l$-li in. diam. Seed ^ in. ; embryo half the length of the fleshy albumen.
18. PKVTOCXIENE, Wall.
Climbing shrubs, 'usually more or less hairy, often prickly; wood with
very large porous vessels and thick medullary rays, but no annual rings.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or palmately lobed. Flowers dioecious ;
male in small globose clusters borne on long branching spikes ; female in
large solitary globose pedunculate clusters. Male 11. : Calyx of 3-5 free
segments, usually anisomerous with the petals. Corolla tubular-campanulate,
4- rarely 5-parted, lobe< valvate. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla
and alternate with them, filaments hypogynous ; anthers 2-lobed, dehiscing
longitudinally ; pollen -grains globose. Ptstil rudimentary, hispid. Female
fl. : Calyx and Corolla of the male. Stamens 0. Staminodes minute or 0.
Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style thick columnar, stigma capitate more or less
lobed; ovules 2 descending froni^the apex of the cavity, raphe dorsal;
micropyle superior. Drupes many, in globose heads, bristly orechinate; stone
hard, 1-celled, 1-seeded, pitted externally. Seed pendulous ; embryo as long
as the fleshy albumen, radicle superior short, cotyledons large flat
appressed.— DiSTRiB. Species 8, all natives of India and the Archipelago.
1. P. g-ig-antea, Wall. PI. 4s. Par. iii. 11, t. 215; branches prickly,
leaves cordate-ovate acute obscurely lobed pilose along the nerves beneath,
bracts or shorter than the pedicel. Wall, in Phil. Mag. iii. 223; Cat.
4946. P. callicarpa, Grif. Notul. iv. 327, t. 490. Gynocephalum giganteum
Trecal in Ann. Sc. NaX. ser. 3, viii. 149.
592 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Phytocrene.
Martaban, WaUich.
Branches spirally grooved, studded with conical prickles. Leaves 4-10 by 4-7 in.,
palmately 5-7 -nerved, glabrescent above, villi>8ulous beneath, rusty-pilose along the
prominent nerves ; petiole 2-3 in., hairy. Male fl. in long(8-10 in.), pendulous, axillary,
racemes, or from the old wood; rachis and pedicels hairy ; pedicels supporting a globose
head oftiowers. Bracts or shorter than the pedicel. Flowers rV'i"-. seto.se. Sepals
oblong obtuse concave at the apex, auisomerous with the corolla. Corolla funnel- or
bell-shaped, twice the length of the calvx, bristly externally with uncinate bristles, limb
4-lobed, lobes ovate-lanceolate. Stamens 4, alternate with the lobes of the corolla ;
filaments and anthers glabrous. Pistil rudimentary, hairy. FjKjiALt; H. not seen.
Fruit covered with subulate bristles.
2. P. bracteata, Wall. PL As. Rar. iil 12 ; branches, prickly, leaves
cordate-ovate entire or slightly h^bed, bracts (of male .si)ikes) linear longer
than the pedicel. Wall. Cat. 4947. P. macrocari)a, (rriff. Notul. iv. 322 ;
Ic. PL Ind. Or. 487. Gynocephalum bracteatum, TrecuL in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. 3, viii. 149.
Penano, Porter; Malacca, Griffith^ Mahgay. — Distrib. Borneo.
Stem tuberded, tubercles ending in a spine. Branches covered with minute prickles.
Leaves 6-7 by 4^-5 in., coriaceous, asperulous above, pubescent beneath, palmately 5-7-
uerved, nerves prominent beneath; petiole 2i in. Male tl. small, in axillary hoary
racemes each about 8 in. ; pedicels slen«ler, each supporting 3 small heads of flowers
and subtended by a long linear bract adnate to its base and studded with hooked
bristles. Male fl. : Sepals 3-5, truncate. Corolla longer than the calyx-lobes, rounded,
inflexed, setose externally. Stamens '6-b. Budiment of ovary ohlong, setose. Female fl.
(according to Griffith), in rounded, peduncled capitula ; peduncles 3 from the same axil,
as long as the petiole, flattened, strigose. Calijx oi' 4 spathulate, concave sepals. Corolla
4-purted. 0«;«ry strigose ; style short or 3-partite, stigmas 3; ovules anatropal, pen-
dulous. LJrupes \n globose masses the size of a man's head, each 1^ by f in., ovoid,
acute at both ends, densely coverea with slender, appr>!ssed, yellow setse, 1-celled. Seed
1, albumen fleshy, papulose on the surface, smelling of linseed oil ; radicle broad ; cotyle-
dons small, suborbicular.
3. P. oblong-a, Wall. PL As. Ear. iii. 12 ; branches not prickly, leaves
oblong-lanceolate entire i»ubescent beneath, bracts shorter than the i)edicels.
Wall. C((t. 4948. Gynocei)halum oblongura, Tree til in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3,
viii. 149.
Penano, WaUich, &c. ; Malacca, Griffith, Ma'mgay.
Bark striated, browi\ish. Leaves 8 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent
beneath, shortly acuminate, 1-nerved, base acute; petiole \ in., rugose. Male fl. in
axillaiy racemes or in tufts from the old wood. Jiacemes slender, densely coveied, like
the pedicels, bracts and perianth, with brown hairs; pedicels fliiform, 3-flowered. Bracts
linear, halt' the length of the pedicel and more or less adnate to it. Sipals 4, obovate,
obtuse, concave. Corolla 4-p.irted, lobes rounded. Stamens 3-4. Pistil rudimentary.
Female fl. (according to Maingay) : Sepals linear-oblong, pale brown, hirsute. Petals
connate for \ their length into an infundibnliform corolla ; lobes ovate, obtuse, hirsute.
Ovary 1-celled, with 2 collateral, suspended ovules; style twice the length of the
corolla, cylindric, ventrico.se, hirsute, 2-3-partite, divisions subacute, stigmatic on their
inner surface. Drapes in globular masses the size of a man's fist, each 2 by f in.,
oblong-obovoid, obtuse, covere(^ with stout, straight, subulate prickles which, falling off,
leave circular pits ; epicarp coriaceous, mesocarp pulpy, stone crustaceous. Cotyledons,
according to Maingay, thin, white, divaricate, tortuous, branched, (?) embedded in a
fleshy lobulated albumen.
4. P. palznata, Wall. PL As. Rar. iii. 12; stem prickly, leaves pal-
mately 5-lobed t'erruginoiis-liair/ beneath, bracts shorter than the pedicels.
WalL Cat. 4949. P. stylocari-a, Grif. Notul. iv. 320 ; Ic. PL Ind. Or.
489. Gynocephalum paimatum, Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, viii. 149.
Phytocrem.] xxxix. olacine-^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 69S
Penang, Porter, &c. ; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib, Java.
Branches studded with minute prickles ; shoots, petioles, and nerves of leaves ferru-
ginous hispid. Leaves very large, orbicular, cordate, palminerved, lobed halfway down ;
lobes oblong-obovate, acute; petiole 4-6 in. Male fls, in long, axillary, dense,
branched racemes, each pedicel supporting a globose head of flowers. Jtlowers -^^ in.
Calyx of 3-4 obovate, concave, hairy segments. Corolla longer tban the calyx, deeply
4-parted, lobes lanceolate acute setose. Stamens. 4, filaments glabrous ; anthers apicu-
late. Budiment of ovary minute, hairy. Female fl. not seen. Drupes 1| by 1 in.,
oblong-turbinate, surmounted by the thickened base of the style and covered by dense
subulate bristles, some of which are barbed and have a transparent point. Seed pen-
dulous ; radicle superior, very short ; cotyledons elongate, linear-oblong, leafy.
19. IVIZQUSZ.IA, Meissner,
^ Climbing shrubs. Wood with large vessels. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
simple, membranous, usually palminerved. Peduncles supra-axillary, race-
mose in the male, solitary in the female plant. Flowers dioecious, capitate.
Male fl. : Calyx minute, 4-5-tid. Corolla separated from the calyx by
a long pedicel-like stipes (corolla-tube 1), limb 4-5-lobed, lobes valvate, apex
inflexed. Stamens isomerous and alternate with the lobes of the corolla,
filaments short ; anthers introrse. Female fl. : Calyx as in the male.
Corolla not removed from the calyx, lobes free, or nearly so, ultimately re-
flexed. Staminodes 4-5, very small, alternate with the lobes of the corolla
or 0, Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style short, stigma dilated cup-like ; ovules 2,
pendulous from the apex of the cavity, raphe dorsal, micropyle superior.
Drupe oblong, more or less compressed, surrounded at the base by the
persistent calyx, mesocarp thin, endocarp crustaceous externally rugose.
Seed, solitary, pendulous albumen fleshy rugulose ; radicle superior;
cotyledons elliptic, thick, leafy flat. — Distrib, Species 5, (perhaps
all forms of one variable species, Baillon), distributed in India and the
Archipelago.
The materials in herbaria are not good, and the structure of the male flowers espe-
cially requires further examination in a fresh state.
1. ]yc. ZLleinil, Meissn. Gen. 152 ; leaves obovate-lanceolate shortly and
abruptly acuminate subentire or crenulate. ^ Miquelia assamica, Blume
Rumphia, iv. 37. Jenkinsia assamica, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv.
231, 1. 12 ; Notul 370, t. 537, f. 2. Araliacea? Kleinii, W. dh A. Prodr. i.
375. Phytocrene sp. Wight III. ii. 62.
Assam, Griffith ; Khasia Mts., H.f. & T.
Glabrescent. Branches strigose when young. Leaves 7-8 by 3 in., glabrous, base
tapering, rarely subhastate ; petiole l|-2 in. Peduncles of male plant i-2 in., filiform.
Flowers capitate, | in. Calyx minute, 3-5-fid. Corolla 4-5-parted, lobes oblong, free,
valvate. Filaments very sliort, anthers elongate. Rudiment of pistil depressed.
Peduncles of female plant short, thick. Calyx minute, 4-5-lobed. Corolla 4-5-parted,
lobes reflexed, greenish. Staminodes minute. Ovary ovoid, apex truncate ; stigma
sessile, 4-lobed. Drupe | by ^ in. subsessile, yellowish, obliquely ovoid.
2. M. dentata, Bedd. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxv. 211, t. 23; leaves
oblong acuminate remotely and coarsely toothed, base truncate cordate.
Western Peninsula ; Anamallay forests, Beddome,
Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 8 by 3f in., membranous, glabrous ; petiole 2 iil.
Male fl. capitate on supra-axillary racemose peduncles which are shorter than the
petiole. Flower-buds club-shaped, truncate. Calyx subcampanulate, 4-toothed.
Corolla-lobes lanceolate. Stamens 4, anthers oblong, base sagittate. Pistil minute,
rudimentary. Female fl. capitate, on a solitary supra-axillary peduncle longer than
VOL. L Q Q
594 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Miquelia.
the petiole. Calyx deeply toothed. Corollalohes lanceolate. Ovary obovoid, base
tapering ; Style very short, dilated into a cup-shaped stigraa- ovules 2.
3. TUt. 1 g-ibba, Baill. Adansonm^ x. 278; DC. Trodr. xvii. 15 ; leaves
ovate acuminate entire, base rounded 5-nerved.
Western Bengal, Griffi,th.
Branches terete, glaUruus. Leaver 8 by 4 in., membranous, glabrous, nerves pro-
minent beneath. Drvpc 1^-14 i"-) ellipsoid, glabrescent, brownish, convex on one side,
furrowed on the other, gibbous towards the base ; stone hard, granular. Cotyledons
thin. — An imperfectly known species. 1 have seen no specimens.
20. SARCOSTZGMA, W. & A.
Climbing shrubs. TT^oor/ without zones. Zmivs alternate, simple, shortly
petioled. Flowers dioecious, minute, arranged in tufts along a long pendu-
lous rachis. Male fl. : Calyx minute, 4-5-lobed. Petals 5, free, or nearly
so, valvate, oblong, ultimately reflexed. Stamens 5, alternate with the
petals, free, or adnate to tiie base of the petals, filaments glabrous ; anthers
erect, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Futil rudimentary. Female fl. :
Calyx and corolla as in the male. IStaminodes 4-5, hypogynous, alternate
with the petals. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled ; stigma subsessile, globose
or umbonate; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous, funicle expanded into an
"obturator." Drv}ye surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx and
corolla, epicarp coriaceous, endocarp woodv lined with a thin white mem-
brane, ^enl (according to Baillon) pendulous, exalbuminous ; cotyledons
fleshy, wrapping round the short superior radicle. — Distrib. Species 3 or 4,
all tropical Asiatic.
1. S. Kleinil, W. <(- A. in Edin. New Phil. Jonrn. xiv. 299 ; leaves
glabrous oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate. Miersin Ann. Nat. Hist,
ser. 2. 116; Co>drib. i. 103, t. 18 ; Wight Id. 1854; Dalz. dc Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
221.
Eastern and "Western Peninsulas; Malacca, Maingay, Cochin and Travancor,
Wight; the Concan, ,Stocks.
A climbing, branched shrub. Branches terete. Leaves 4-10 by 2-4 in., coriaceous,
pale on both surfaces, base rounded, nerves prominent beneath; petiole f in., trans-
versely wrinkled. Rachis extra axillary, angular, covered with brownish strigose hairs.
Flowers ^\x\. (\\ixm. MaleA.: Calyx minute, pilosulous, cup shaped, obscurely 4-5-
lobed. Petals xV in., glabrous, oblong, acute. /Stamens as long as the petals, filaments
glabrous, flat, strap-shaped ; anthers 2-celled. liudiment of jmtil conical. Female fl. :
Co/yr and corolla as in the male. Ovary obovoid, pilosulous, surrounded by 5 hypogynous,
abortive stamens; stigma subsessile, conical ; ovules 2, collateral. Fruit 1-14 in.
olive-shaped, somewhat compressed, bright orange-red, rugose and strigose externally,
smooth within.
2. S. Walllchli, Baill. in Adansonia, x. 282 ; leaves downy beneath
along the nerves ovate acute or acuminate, fruiting peduncles densely
villous. Wall. Cat. 9030 (" indeterm.")
BiRMA ; Phanoe Hill on the Saluen, Wallich.
Branches terete, rugose. Leaves 6 by 3 in., nerves depressed above, prominent
beneath ; petiole ^ in., thick. Fruiting peduncles from the old wood. Calyx minute,
villous, 4-fid. Fruit 3^ in., ovoid-oblong, compressed, densely hairy. — The specimens
are very imperfect.
3. S. edule, JCni^z in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 298 ; glabrous,
leaves ovate-oblong apiculate, spikes rusty-tomentose. Chailletia edulis,
Kurz in Andam. Hep. App. B 6.
Sarcostigma.] xxxix. olacine^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 695
Andaman Isles, Kurz.
Branches woody. Leaves 7 by Z\ in., coriaceous, glabrous, base obtuse ; petiole
short. Fruit 1 in., obliquely oblong, obtuse, densely covered with orange-coloured
down, shining white within, pulp sweet, edible {Kurz). — Probably only a form of
S. Kleinii.
21. KATSXATUBI, Ham.
A climbing shrub. Wood porous, with inconspicuous medullary rays.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, 7-9-nerved. Flowers dioecious, in supra-
axillary racemes. Male fl. : Calyx deeply 5-parted, persistent, not
accrescent. Petals 5, free, or united at the base. Staminodes 5, opposite the
petals, outside the stamens. Fertile stamens alternate with the petals ;
anthers erect, apiculate, bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally. Pistil rudi-
mentary. Female fi. : Sepals and petals as in the male. Staminodes
4-6, hypogynous, alternating with an equal number of compressed glands.
Ovary sessile, villous ; style short, apex 2-3-lobed, stigmas capitate ;
ovules 2, collateral, penduh)us, raphe dorsal. Drupe obliquely ovoid, com-
pressed; stone crustaceous, 1-celled. Seed solitary, albumen fleshy;
radicle superior, cotyledons leafy, orbicular, 3-5-nerved.
1. N. herpeticuxn, Ham. in Wall. Cat 4252 ; Am. in Edin. New Phil.
Journ. xvi. 314 ; N. sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 330 ; Ic. PI. As. t. 496, f. 1.
Natsiatum herpeticum. Ham. ex R. Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Par. 245 ; Miq.
Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. i. 797. Sicyos pentandrus. Wall. Cat. 6682, $.
Eastern Bengal and the Himalaya, from Nipal, Sikkim, Silhet, and the Khasia
Mts., alt. 3000 ft., to Chittagong and Pegu.
Herbaceous portions strigose. Brandies as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves distant,
3-6 in., membranous, roughish, cordate-ovate, acute, repand, 7-9-nerved ; petiole longer
than the blade. Racemes supra-axillary, long, slender, pendulous, many-flowered.
Bracts small, linear, pedicels about the length of the flower. Flowers minute,
greenish-yellow. Male. fl. : Calyx lobes valvate, lanceolate, scabrid. Petals 5, alter-
nate with the calyx-lobes and one-third longer, lanceolate. Glands (staminodes ?j 5,
fleshy, 2-lobed. Fertile stamens opposite the sepals, filaments very short ; anthers
sagittate ; connective glandular. Female fl. : staminodes subulate. Drupe \ in.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
N. GAMOSEPALUM, Griff. Notul. iv. 330. Menispermea, Itin. Notes 114, is Lnpho-
phyllum bicristatum, Grff. (See p. 105.)
22. ZODES, Blume.
Climbing shrubs, rarely erect. Leaves opposite, or subalternate, petiolate,
simple, 1-nerved. Inflorescence cymose, cymes axillary or extra-axillary ; lower
peduncles often sterile, cirrose. i^fo?«'ers dichlamydeous, dioecious. MALEfl.:
Calyx minute, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Corolla 3-5-merous, lobes valvate.-
Stamens hypogynous, equal in number to, and opposite the lobes of the
corolla ; anthers basifixed, straight, 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing longitudi-
nally. Pv<tU rudimentary. Female fl. : Cah/x as in the male. Corolla 4-5-
parted, tubular below and often dilated. Staminodes 0. Ovary subsessile,
1-celled, with 2 collateral pendulous ovules ; funicle dilated into an "ob-
turator " stigma sessile, discoid, 5-lobed. Drupe surrounded at the base
by the persistent, but not accrescent calyx, stone 1-seeded. aSVcg? pen-
dulous, testa thin, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat, leafy; radicle superior. —
DiSTRiB. Species about 6, natives of India, the Archipelago, and of tropical
Africa.
QQ2
696 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [lodes.
Sect. 1. Eviodes, BaiUon. Pedicels slender, not woody.
1. X. ovalis, Blume Bijdr. i. 30 ; leaves ovate acute or acuminate,
base rounded, male flowers panicled. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Mar. 243, t. 48 ;
Hassh. Cat. PI. llwt. Bogc/r. 172; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 795. I. tomentella,
Miq. I.e. 796. Natsiatum oppositifolium, Platichon in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. V. 247 (name only).
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Philippines.
A climbing shrub, rarely sub-arborescent. Brandies terete, covered with rnfoua
tomentum. Tendrils axillary or opposite the leaves. Leaves 5 by 4 in., subcoriaceous,
glabrous above, except along the midrib, tomentose beneath, ovate or roundish ; petiole
I in. Cyme (of male plant) much branched, peduncles 6-8 in., pedicels spreadirg
Plower-hudn subglobose, densely rufous-villous. Calyx ciliate. Corolla much exceed
ing the calyx ; lobes lanceolate, indexed at the points, ciliate, connate at the base.
iStamens shorter than the lobes of the corolla, filaments short erect ; anthers oblong-
obovate, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudiment of pistil erect, cylindrical, or subclavate,
hispid. Female fl. : Calyx tubular, limb as in the male fl. Corolla 4-5-parted, sub-
rotate, lobes acute reflexed globose beneath. Ovary substipitate, ovoid, compressed,
densely villose ; stigma thick, orbicular, crcnate, concave. Drupe 4 by | in., rather
dry, ovoid, compressed, villous, mesocarp thin. — rMiqnol's /. tomentella {I. oralis, var. /3
Miquelii, Bail!, in DC Prodr. xvii. '23), scuuiS to diiler only in its more dense covering
of rufous tomentum. Maingay 's Malacca spec. mens belong to this fonn.
Sect! 2. Ziaslodes, BaUlon. Pedicels thick, woody.
2. I. Hookerlana, Baill. in Adansrmia, x. 268, and in BC. Prodr.
xvii. 24 ; leaves oblong-ovate or ovate acuminate, base acute or cordate.
Assam, Griffith; Chittaoong, H.f.& T.
Branches cylindiic or subangled, setose, ultimately glabrous. Leaves 4-8by.l|-4
in., opposite or subalternate, coriaceous, glabrous above, setose beneath along the
Eromintnt nerves; petiole | in., rugose, articulate at the base, covered with rigid,
rownish hairs. Jnjlorescence extra-axillary ; peduncle rugose, as long as the
petiole, dichotomous ; pedicels spreading, thickened at the apex. Male fl. ^ in.
Calyx pateriform, limb shortly 5-lobed, lobes deltoid acuminate. Corolla twice the
length of tiie calyx, densely hairy at the base externally, deeply 5-parted ; lobes thick,
oblong, with inflexed points. Stamens 5, free, hypogynou.s, half the length of
the petals and concealed within them, filaments glabrous ; anthers shorter than the
filaments, erect, adnate, base sagittate. Rudiment of pistil conical. Ilrupe the size of a
pigeon's egg, acute at the apex, yellowi.'di- red, glabrous ; stone compressed, woody, some-
what rugose, 1-celled. Seed ovate, compressed. — I have not examined the female
flowers. In the unopened male bud I found the pollen shed.
3. Z. Thomsoniana, Baill. in Adansonia, x 270, and in DC. Prodr.
xvii. 25 ; ]eave.s oblong-obovate acuminate, base narrowed cordate.
Chittaoong,^./. c& T.
A climber. Branches woody, terete, sulcatc, grey, deeply scarred, young shoots and
petioles densely rusty setose. Leaves 10 by 3 in., at length glabrous, repand, basal lobes
rounded, midrib downy beneath ; petiole \ in. Inflorescence extra-axillary, cymose ;
peduncles short, woody, pedicels divaricate. Male fl. as in /. Hookeriana, but
petals relatively shorter and broader. — An imperfectly known species, probably as
suggested by BaiUon himself a mere form of/. Hookeriana.
DGITBTFUL SPECIES.
4. X. 7 Brandisil, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. ii. 1872, 298 ; leaves ob-
long acuminate mucronate, base obtuse, peiiule long slender.
Tenasserim, Kurz.
A climbing cirrose shrub. Leaves 6-8 in,, membranous, tomentose along the nerves
Iodes.\ XXXIX. OLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 597
above, over the whole surface beneath. Cymes opposite the leaves, pedicels short,
slender. Flowers minute, tomentose. — Only known frjia Kurz's description.
6. Z. oblong'a, Planch, in herb. Kew. ; leaves oblanceolate, base tapering
subcordate.
Penang? Wallich.
Shrubby, scandent? -Bmr^c^es cylindric, grey, setose, ultimately glabrescent, with
prominent scars. Leaves 5 hy 1^ in., membranous, glabrous above, setose along the
midrib above, and over the whole lower surface ; petiole ^ in. Inflorescence inter-
axillary, peduncles 1 in., cymose, dichotomously branched. Flowers very minute.
Ovary oblong, 1-celled ; stigma sessile, thick, discoid, 5-lobed; ovules 2, pendulous. —
I have not seen perfect flowers, but the structure of the ovary is that of lodes.
GENUS OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY.
23. CARDZOFTZSaZS, Wall.
A climbing herb with milky juice. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, simple
or lobed, cordate, palminerved. Flowers ebracteate, in axillary racemose or
panicled cymes, bisexual, dichlamydeous. Calyx 4-5-parted ; lobes imbricate,
persistent, but not, or only slightly accrescent. Corolla deciduous, between
rotate and funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed. /Stamens 4-5, inserted on the base of
the tube of the corolla, alternate with its lobes, filaments short glabrous ;
anthers 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen-grains 4-angular.
Ovary free, surrounded at the base by a thick fleshy annular disk,
oblong, compressed, 1-celled ; ovules 1 (rarely 2) pendulous, naked, raicro-
pyle ultimately superior ; style 2-branched, one branch deciduous, curved,
capitate at the apex, the other accrescent, ultimately deciduous, divided at
the apex into 2 unequal, ovate, rather obtuse divisions. Fruit ovate-orbicu-
lar, emarginate or obcordate, compressed, very broadly winged, 1-celled,
indehiscent. Seed solitary, linear, furrowed ; embryo minute, in hard fleshy
albumen. — The following is the only species.
1. C. lobata, JR. Br. in Wall. Gat. 8033 A, and, in Benn. PI. Jav. Ear.
246, t. 49. Mia. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. i. 799. C. moluccana, Blume Rumph.
iv. 207, t. 177, 1. 2, partly. C. javanica Blume Rumph. iii. 206, iv. t. 177.
C. Rumphii, Baill. in Adansonia x. 280, and in DC. Prodr. xvii. 26. Perip-
terygium quinquelobum, Hassk. Cat. PI. Hart. Bogor. 351.
Western Bengal, in Silhet and Cachar. Rangoon, Ava, and Tenasserim. —
DiSTRiB. Yunan, Indian Archipelago, Siam, New Guinea.
Stem terete, striate. Leaves 3-5 in. by 3-4J in., glabrous, membranous, polymor-
phous, usually more or less angular and slightly lobed, base 7-9 nerved, cordate, lobes
acute or acuminate, widely divergent ; petiole 3-5 in. Peduncles 2^-4 in., solitary,
axillary, dichotomous ; pedicels puberulous, erect, ultimately spreading or recurved.
Flo7vers rather crowded, secund, ^ebracteate. CaZy.r puberulous. Corolla sligbtly ex-
ceeding the calyx, whitish, deciduous. Fruit 1-1 ^ in. by 1| in.— The plant varies
much in the consistence and form of the leaves, occasionally even on the same specimen,
hence, by some writers, several species have been proposed. Baillon, however, ranks
them all as varieties. The following occur within the limits of this Flora.
Var. 1. moluccana, leaves rather thick subcordate or hastato-subcordate not lobed,
nerves subpedate more or less conspicuous sometimes reddish, inflorescence cymose-
racemose. C. moluccana, Blume Rumph. iii. 207, t. 177, f. 2 ; Boyle JU. 13G ; Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 799. C. Eumphii, var. a integrifolia, Baill. in DC. Prodr.
xvii. 26; Bumph. Amh. v. 482, t. 180. Dioscorea sativa, L. Amoen. Acad. iv. 133.
Var. 2. subhamata, Baill. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 26 ; leaves cordate pedately 7-nerved
598 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Cardiopteris,
sagittate-oval e, 5-7-lobed, terminal lobe largest ovate acuminate, lateral lobes angular
acuminate, lowermost unequally cuneate. C. subhamata. Wall. mss.
There are differences of opinion as to the structure of the flower. The figure of the
ovary in Blume's Rumphia, t. 177, f. 8, differs from the description, and is erroneous.
The persistent and accrescent style (?) assumes a spongy cellular character, and is
traversed by two bundles of spiral vessels and by laticiferous tubes. Octahedral crys-
tals'also abound in its tissues. The cells of the epicarp contain in some cases a spiral
fibre. The structure of the ovule is very peculiar. According to Dr. Hooker's unpub-
lished drawings made from the fresh specimens, the ovule is pendulous and originally
straight, but afterwards curves upward. It is devoid of coats, but is provided with a
raphe and the embryo sac (?) is protruded iu the shape of a long tubular process.
Order XL. ILICINE^. (By J. D. Hooker.)
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple, exstipulate, or with 2 minute
stipules, usually coriaceous and evergreen. Flowers small, in axillary
cymes fascicles m* unibellules, usually dioecious, ^ with imperfect ovary,
and $ with imperfect stamens. CWyx 3-6 -partite or -lobed ; segments or
lobes imbricate, persistent. Ptkils 4-5, rarely G-S, connate at the base, or
connate in the ^ and free in the $, deciduous, imbricate. Stameiis 4-6,
adhermg to the bases of the petals, sometimes free and hypogynous in the
? , filaments subulate ; anthers shortly oblong, dorsitixed. I)ii<k 0. Ovary
free, 3-16-celled ; style 0, or very short, rarely long, stigma capitate or
discoid; ovules 1, or 2 collateral, pendulous, raphe dorsal, micropyle
superior, funicle often cupular. Drupe with 2 or more 1 -seeded free rarely
connate stones. Seed with a membranous testa, flesiiy albumen and
minute embryo. — Distrib. Three genera, a^id about 160 species, chiefly
tropical.
An examination of the Indian species has led to very important modifications of the
ordinal character as given in the Genera Plantarum, and to the suppression of the
genus Byronia.
1. ZXiZSX, Linn.
Calyx 4-5-lobed or -parted. Corolla rotate, petals free or connate at the
base. Stamens 4-5, adhering to the base of the corolla in the ^, sometimes
hypogynous in the $ . Ovary 2-12-celled ; styles or very short, stigmas
free or confluent on the top of the ovary. Drape globose, very rarely
ovoid, with 2-16 stones. — Distrib. Of the Order ; species about 145.
Sect. L Flowers in strict spikes. Di^pe with 10-16 stones.
1. X. spicata, Blume Bijdr. 1149; glabrous, leaves elliptic shortly
obtusely caudate-acuminate very coriaceous quite entire. Prinos spicata,
Miq. Ft. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 594.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Borneo.
An often epiphytic shrub {Blume) ; branches stout, woody. * Leaves 4-6 in,, base
rounded, midrib stout beneath, dark olive-green when dry ; nerves very slender, reticu-
late ; petiole very short. Spikes 1^ in., solitary or twin, axillary and below the leaves,
suberect or spreatling ; rachis rather stout, flowering from the base ; bracts minute,
pedicel iV i^^- Flowers minute ; $ about iV i"- diam. Calyx flat, of 4-5 rounded
lobes. Corolla of 4-5 broadly oblong petals, sliglitly connate at the base, finally re-
flexed. Stamens inserted at the junction of the petals, filaments at length longer
than the corolla ; anthers small. Imperfect jjvary globose, grooved. Fl. ? not seen.
Bex.] XL. iLiciNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 699
Drupe I in. long, broadly ovoid, rauch compressed, with a sessile transversely elongated
stigma on its broad truncate end, and 10-16 minute com|n-essed coriaceous stones. — A.
very curious plant, which I assume to be Blume's /. spicata. Maingay's specimens are
in $ flowers only, and I have described the drupe from Bornean ones collected by
Beccari.
Sect. II. Flowers in very dense short axillary branched cymes, pedicels
very short, ^ and ? 4-merous. Drupes subsessile in the axils, 1-4-celled
(pedicelled in /. odorata).
2. Z. insig-nis, Hook./.; branches very stout, leaves 6-9 in. elliptic-
lanceolate obscurely serrate very coriaceous young spinous-toothed, drupe
subsessile large with a rugose 1-3-seeded stone.
SiKKiM Himalaya ; at Darjeeling, alt. 7000 ft.
A small evergreen erect tree; branchlets as thick as the little finger, grooved.
Leaves very thick, acute, narrowed into the stout petiole, which is f-1 in. ; nerves be-
neath very stout and much reticulated ; young oblong-lanceolate, base rounded, margins
spinous, petiole shorter. Flowers 4-merous, ^ in. diam., in subglobose clusters \ in.
diara., green ; pedicels very short, stout ; bracts opposite, small, ovate, acute. Calyx-
lobes broadly ovate, acute or obtuse. Petals orbicular-obovate, connate below in the
6. Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla in the ^ , filaments very
thick. Evdlmentary -ovary globose, with 4 minute papillae as stigmas. Ovary of ?
4-celled ; stigma sessile, discoid, 4-lobed. Drupe% in. diara., globose, with a globose
1-3-celled 1-3-seeded grooved woody stone formed of 4 connate stones. — Closely allied
to /. dipyrena, but a very much larger plant in all its parts, with shorter stamens and
a very different structure of the drupe. Still more closely allied tp. the Japanese I.
latifoiia, Thunb., which has 4 separate stones in the drupe.
3. Z. dipyrena, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ^ i. 473 ; PI. As.
Ear. iii. 68, t. 292 ; Cat. 4327 ; branches stout, leaves 3-4 in. elliptic-
lanceolate spinous-serrate very coriaceous, the old quite entire, drupe
subsessile with 2 rarely more plano-convex deeply-grooved stones.
Don Prodr. 188 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 15 ; JBrandis For. Flor. 76.
Temperate Himalaya; from Simla, alt. 5-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft.,
Wallich, &c.
An evergreen tree 30-40 ft. ; trunk sometimes 17 feet girth ; shoots pilose. Leaves
shining, the young very spinous, the older with scattered marginal spines, the oldest
with a thickened quite entire border ; petiole |-^ in. Flowers 4-merous, | in. diam., in
axillary subglobose clusters, white ; pedicels very short ; bracts 2, opposite, ovate,
acute. Calyx-loles broadly ovate, acute, ciliate. Petals obovate, connate below in the
(J , free in the ?. /Stamens of S inserted on the corolla, longer than the petals, of the 9
hypogynous. Ovary of 9 ovoid, 2- rarely 3-4-celled, stigma quadrate. Drupe ^ in.
diam., globose, scarlet, stones usually 2, rarely 3-4, deeply grooved longitudinally.
4. Z. odorata, Ham. in Don Prodr. 189 ; leaves 5-7 in. elliptic-oblong
or lanceolate acute minutely serrate-toothed, ^ fi. in short globose panicled
cymes, female cymes shorter, drupe pedicelled with 4 stones. DC.
Prodr. ii. 15 ; Brandis For. Flor. 77.— Ilex ? Wall. Cat. 9023.
Temperate Himalaya ; from Simla to Nipal, alt. 3-6000 ft.
A small evergreen tree ; branches much less stout than in the preceding two species.
Leaves sometimes 9 in.; nerves rather slender; petiole ^-| in. Flowers 4-merous,
about % in. diam., white ; $ in very shortly peduncled spreading globose cymes 4-1 in.
diam. ; 9 in shorter cymes and with shorter pedicels ; bracts minute, at the base of
the pedicels. Calyx-lobes rounded. Petals of S connate below ; of $ free, oblong,
obtuse. Stamens of $ inserted on the corolla, filaments slender, much longer than the
petals ; of '^ liypogynous. Ovary globose, 4-celled ; stigma sessile quadrate. Drupe
4 in. diam., pedicelled, globose (ovoid, black, Brandis) ; stones 4, small, trigonous, with
600 XL. iLiciNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Hex.
obtuse angles.— Brandis gives Sikkim as a habitat for this, but I doubt the plant he
here alludes tobeingkhe same species ; his plant has very stout branches like those of/.
(Jipyrena, and very shortly pedicelled young fruits, has 4 pyrenes, lanceolate minutely
serrate leaves, and inhabits elevations of near 10,000 ft. ; it may be a new species, but
the specimens are too imperfect for determination.
Sect. III. Flowers ^ in panicled cymes ; $ solitary or fascicled, pedi-
celled (not cymose nor on peduncled umbellules). Drupe 4-6-ceIled.
(See 15. Gardneriana, in Sect IV.).
* Leaves quite eviire, <9r with 2-3 spinulose teeth. (See 9. embelioides.)
6. X< malabarica, Bedd. Flor. Sylv. t. 143 ; leaves 2-4-in. narrowly
elliptic-oblong acute or apiciilate quite entire, ^ flowers in shortly
panicled umbellules, calyx usually 6-merous, drujie very small puberuluus
usually ()-celled, style sh()rt cylindric stout. L Wiglitiana, Dalz. <k Gibs.
Jiomb. Fhrr. 143, not of Wall.
Western Peninsula ; on the Ghats, from the Concan southwards, ascending to
3000 ft.
A large tree, everywhere quite glabrous. Leaves variable in length and breadth,
always more or less narrowly elliptic, acute acuminate or apiculate by tiie produced
nerve, shining above, nerves beneath faint, margin with rarely a spinulose tooth to-
wards the tip ; petiole \-\ in. Floxoers ^-^ in. diam., peduncles and pedicels puberu-
lous ; $ fl. solitary or fascicled, the fascicles very rarely pedunck-d, j)edicels |-J^ in.
Calyx-lobes usually 6, broad, subacute, ciliate. Petals 4-6, orbicular, .ciliolale, connate
at the base in the S , less so in the $ . ^Stamens often only 4, insf rted at the base of the
corolla, filaments short ; anthers broadly oblong. Ovary of ^ imperfect, with 4 minute
stigmas. Drupe ^ in. diam., depressed-globose, usually 6- or more celled, with an evi-
dent stout style. — 'i'his has been distributed as /. Wiyhtiana, by Perottet and others.
6. I. Walker 1, Wujht d- Gard. mss. ex IVmaites Fnum. 184 (1858) ; gla-
brous, leaves |-1 in. subsessile orbicular obovate or broadly elliptic very
coriaceous obtuse rounded or retuse with a few teeth near the tip, flowers
4-5-merous, ^ in very shortly peduncled umbellules, ? shortly pedicelled.
I. Walkeri, Turcz. in Bull. JSoc. Nai. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 605. I. emarginella,
Turcz. I.e.
Westkrn Peninsula; Pulney Mts., WiyJit. Ceylon; in the Central province, alt.
5-8000 ft.
A small densely branched tree. Leaves very coriaceous, usually obovate with an
emarginate or 2-lobed or 3-4-toothed tip, margins recurved, nerves below few and slen-
der; petiole -fV in. Flowers ^\ in. diam., white, 4-5-merous. Calyx-lobes 4^, sub-
acute. Petals orbicular, spreading, connate iu both sexes. Stamens 4-5, inserted on
the corolla in both sexes. Dj^ij)e J in. diam., globose, with 4-5 triangular hard coher-
ing stones ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed. — A very variable plant, named Walkeri inde-
l)endently by Thwaites and Turczaninoff. Thwaites has a var. major with elliptic
apiculate leaves. TurczaninotT's /. emarginalla is the more common form of the
plaut.
** Leaves tootlud or serrate. {See also 6. Walkeri.)
7. Z. denticulata, Wall. Cat. 4333; glabrous, leaves 2^3 in. elliptic
or elliptic-oblong acute or obtusely acuminate serrate very coriaceous,
flowers 4-merous, ^ in short subsessile cymes, $ fascicled, drupe ^ in,
diam. with 4 hard stones. Wight III. t. 142; Thwaites Fnum. 183;
BeddoTne Fl. Sylv. t. 142. I. nilagirica, Miquel PL Hohen. 1456.
Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri and Ananiallay hills, alt. 6-8000 ft., Wight, &c,
Ceylom, on the Bopatalawa Plains, alt. 6000 ft., Ihwaites.
Ilea?.] XL. iLiciNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 601
A large timber tree (Beddome) ; young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves very cori-
aceous, acutely or obtusely serrate throughout their length, tip variable, very cori-
aceous ; nerves beneath few, very slender; petiole ^-| in. Ilowers ^ in. diam. ; (? in
branched very short cymes. Calyx-lohes broad, subacute. Petals connate at the very
base in the $ , free in the 9, broadly oblong. Stamens about equalling the petals, in-
serted on the corolla in the <J , hypogynous in the ? . Drupes rarely solitary, globose,
with 4 trigonous grooved rather woody stones ; stigma sessile, 4-lobed ; pedicels very stout,
^ in. long. — Wight figures the ovarian cells with 2 superposed ovules (copied in Bed-
dome's Flor.^ Sylv.) ; 1 find but one with a larij;e thick funicle. I have followed Wight
and all subsequent authors in calling this 1. denticulata, Wall. ; but the only represen-
tatives of this name in the "Wallichian Herbarium are two small obovate leaves, with
obscurely serrate margins, probably of /. Wightiana.
8. X. theeefolia, Wall. Gat. 6391 (Myrsine); glabrous, branches robust,
leaves 2-3| in, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate subcaudate with an obtuse
tip obtusely obscurely serrate very coriaceous reticulate beneath, flowers
5-merouSj ^ in very short subsessile cymes, $ fascicled, drupe i in. diam.
with 4 stones. I. gaultheriaefolia, Kurz in Bern. As. Soc. Jour. 1872, ii.
259.
Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Gomez, &c. ; Tenasserim, Kurz: Mishmi Hills,
Griffith.
So near to /. denticulata, that I have hesitated before keeping it distinct ; it differs
in the longer narrower more attenuate tips of the leaves, with more reticulated nerves
beneath, and in the smaller drupes. I have adopted "Wallich's singularly appropriate
specific name. -
9. X. exnbelioides, Ilook. f. ; glabrous, leaves l|-2 in. elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate with an obtuse apiculate tip entire or
with a few acute serratures, flowers 4-merous minute, ^ in small pedicelled
umbellules, $ fascicled, drupe \ in. globose with 4 stones.
Khasia Mts. ; common at Churra, Nunklow, &c., alt. 3-4000 ft.
A small tree; tips of branchlets obscurely puberulous, as is sometimes the midrib of
the young leaf above. Leaves coriaceous, sometimes quite entire, at others with small
scattered spinulose teeth along the margin, very obscurely reticulated beneath ; petiole
\-^ in. Flowers about ^V i^- diam., white ; S panicles 4-1 in., peduncles slender, pe-
dicels obscurely puberulous. Calyx-lohes obtuse. Petals oblong-orbicular, connate
below in both sexes. Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla in both
sexes. Drupes clustered on a very short axillary branchlet, pedicels as long as them-
selves. — A very distinct species, of which a specimen in Griffith's Herbarium from the
Khasia is labelled " Embelise affinis? Mambrea 12-6 35," apparently in Wallich's hand-
writing.
10. X. Grlffithii, Hook. f. ; branches pubescent or glabrescent, leaves
1^-2 in. elliptic acute serrulate coriaceous shining above, flowers 4-merous,
^ fascicled, ? solitary or nearly so, drupe globose with 4 large coriaceous
3-gonous stones and a thin epicarp.
Assam, Jenkins, Griffith; Silhet, at Terrya Ghat, H.f. & T. T.; Malacca, Keddah
Peak, Loiv ; Summit of Goonong, &c,, Maingaij, Griffith.
A small tree, branches very sparingly pubescent in Khasia specimens, much more so
in those from Malacca. I^eaves coriaceous, but soft, serratures obtuse, midrib below
often pubescent ; nerves numerous very fine ; petiole | in. Flowers ? nearly | in.
diam., larger than in /. theoifoUa, (5* nearly i in. diam., apparently not panicled ; pedi-
cels 4 in. Calyx orbicular with 4 broad shallow ciliolate lobes. Petals broadly oblong,
obtuse, recurved, connate below in both sexes. Stameris of ^ equalling the petals, in-
serted on the corolla in both sexes. Ovary globose ; stigma sessile, 4-lobed. Drupe
quite globose, black or purple ? flesh very thin, stones coriaceous with broad flat faces
and a convex back ; pedicel stout, 4-| in. long.
602 XL. iLiciNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Hex.
11. Z. Thomsoni, Hook, f.; a small shrub, branclilets puberulous,
leaves |-1 in. obovate or oblanceolate subacute or apiculate serrulate
coriaceous gland- dotted beneath, flowers 4-merous, (^ solitary and in 3-6-
flowered cymes, ? subsolitary, drupe globose i in. diam. with 4 large
coriaceous 3-gonous stones.
Eastebn Himalaya ; Bliotan, at Tongse, Griffith. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft., at
Moflong, Wallich; Chui-ra and Surureem, H. f. i& T. T.
A small bright green shrub, about 6 ft. high. Leaves shining, green, retaining their
colour when dry, narrowed into the short petiole, serratures obtuse ; nerves very obscure
beneath. Flowers about J in. diam., white ; cymes of i of usually 3 flowers on a pe-
duncle ^-\ in. long; pedicels slender; 9 pedicels \ in., lengthening and thickening in
fruit. Calyx with 4 orbicular lobes. Petals broadly oblong, obtuse, connate at the
base in both sexes. Stamens as long as the petals, inserted on the corolla in both
sexes. Drupe like that of J. GriffitJdi, but smaller, purple ; stigma sessile, 4-lobed. —
This was first gathered by Wallich at Moflong in 1835, when on the tea-deputation to
Assam. Very near, indeed, to /. Uorsfieldii, Miq., of Java, but the leaves are obovate ;
boih have leaves of similar texture and serraiure, and gland-dotted beneath.
12. Z. Intricata, I/ook. f. ; branches straggling with warted ridges,
leaves \-^ in. obovate obtuse coarsely serrate very coriaceous, flowers
subsolitary 4-merous, ^ shortly pedicelled, $ sessile, drupe i in. diam.
with 4 large 3-gonous stones.
SiKKiM and East Nipal Himalaya, alt. 10-11,000 ft., /. D. H.
A low rigid straggling shrub, forming matted masses with interlaced woody branches;
branchlets stout, angled and ri.uid, the ridges warted. Leaves spreading, thickly cori-
aceous, bright green, narrowed into very short petioles; nerves few beneath, raised.
Flowers -j^ in. diam. Calj/x-lobes orbicular. Pttuls broadly oblong, coriaceous, nearly
free below in the ? , sprciiding. Stamens equalling the petals, shorter in the ? , and
hardly adherent to the ]»t'tals at the very base. Drupes sessile, rod, globose, stigma
sessile 4-l(jbed, flesh thin, of the same structure as those of /. T/iomsoni and Griffithii,
to which this species is clearly allied.
13. X. fragrillB, Hook. J. ; glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. elliptic or ovate sub-
caudate-acuminate serrulate membranous, flowers 5-merous all fascicled,
drupe l in. with 5-8 stones.
SiKKiM and Bhotan Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., Griffith. Khasia Mts. at Suru-
reem, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. dc T. T.
A small tree, with very brittle branches, quite glabrous. Leaves bright deep green,
more membranous than in any of the Indian species, very strongly reticulate with
many rai.sed nerves beneath ; petiole 4-3 i"- Flowers ^ in. diam., both i and ? fasci-
cled ; pedicels ^-J in., glabrous. Calyx-lobes rounded-oblong. Petals spreading,
broadly oblong, obtuse, united at the base in both sexes. Stamens shorter than the
petals, filaments stout, inserted on the corolla in both sexes. Drupes ^ in. diam., on
short stout pedicels, fleshy, red, globose, stigma rather large and tumid, stones thickly
coriaceous.
Sect. IV. Female flowers in simple or branched peduncled umbellules.
Leaves quite entire in aU. (See various species in § V.)
14. Z. venulosa, Hook./.; quite glabrous, leaves 5-8 in. elliptic-oblong
with long slender caudate points quite entire much reticulated, umbellules
simple and panicled, ^ flowers 4- $ 6-6-merous, drupe very small, stigma
tumid subsessile.
Khasia Mts., in woods, alt. 4-5000 ft., De Silva, &c.
A handsome tree. Leaves shining above, pale beneath, with many spreading strong
branching nerves, suddenly contracted at the apex into a tail sometimes ahuost 2 inches
Hex.] XL. iLiciNE^. (J. B. Hooker.) 603
long, base rounded ; petiole \-l in, Male fl. in glabrous axillary branched cymose
umbellules, i^^ in. diarn., greenish-white; peduncle compressed, stout, 4-1 in- ; pedi-
cels I in., slender. Calyx- lobes rounded. Petals broadly oblong, connate in both sexes.
Stamens short, inserted on the corolla in both sexes. Female fl. umbellules in shorter
stouter simple or much-branched peduncles. Drupes red, crowded ; pedicels of about
their own diameter; stones 5-6, trigonous, with convex backs, rather thick. — Avery
distinct and handsome species.
15. Z. G-ardneriana, Wight Ic. t. 1217 j glabrous, leaves 2-2| in.
long-petioled ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire, umbellules
simple and panicled, flowers 5-merous.
Western Peninsula ; on the Nilghiri hills at Sisparah Ghat, Wight.
A small tree or large shrub ( Wight). Leaves rather coriaceous, base rounded ; nerves
very faint beneath ; petiole |-f in., very slender. Floioers ^ in. diam., male only
seen, in simple solitary or fascicled peduncled slightly pubescent umbels ; peduncles
shorter than the petioles ; pedicels slender, ^ in. Calyx-lobes broad, ciliolate. Petals
oblong, obtuse, connate below. Stamens of $ equalling the petals, inserted on the
corolla in both sexes. — A very distinct species, of which the fruit is unknown.
16. I. Wig'litiana, Wall. Cat 4332 ; glabrous, leaves 1^-4^ in. elliptic
elliptic-oblong or -ovate subacute or a uniinate quite entire softly coriaceous,
flowers usually 5-6-merous, (J and ^ in peduncled simple panicled pu-
berulous umbellules, drupe with 5-6 stones, stigaia subsessile. Wight Ic.
t. 1216; Thwaites Enum. 183 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 142.
Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri hills, Wight, &c. ; Ceylon, in the southern and
central parts, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites.
A large umbrageous tree, trunk 6 ft. in diam. at as high above the ground {Wight).
Leaves coriaceous, much larger in Ceylon than in Peninsular specimens, and more reti-
culated with rather distant nerves beneath, narrowed into a petiole 5-3 in. long.
Flowers minute, yV ^"- diam., white, umbellules subsessile in Peninsular specimens, on
peduncles ^ -J in. long in Ceylon specimens. Calyx-lobes orbicular. Petals I ohlong,
connate below in both sexes. Stamens of 6 shorter than the petals, united to the
corolla in both sexes. Drupe \ in. diam., globose, smooth, stones with flat sides and
convex backs ; style very short indeed. — The difierences between the Peninsular and
Ceylon specimens are almost specific.
Var. peninsularis ; leaves 1-2^ in,, nerves very indistinct beneath, umbellules sub-
sessile.
Var. zeylanica; leaves 3-5 in., nerves very distinct beneath, umbellules pedicelled.
17. Z. ezcelsa, Wall. Cat. 4328 (exsulca) ; glabrous, leaves 2-4 in. soft
elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate quite entire, nerves very oblique,
petiole slender, umbellules pubescent very shortly and stoutly peduncled,
flowers 4-5-merous, drupe \ in. diam. with 5 stones. Brandis For.
Flor. 76 {excl. syn. Ehretise). ? I. elliptica, Don Frodr. 189. Cassine ex-
celsa. Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Careys ii. 376.
Subtropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon to Nipal and Bhotan (exclusive of Sikkim),
alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., Griffith, &c.
A large shrub (or tall tree, Wallich). Leaves dark-green, shining above, paler be-
neath, rather fleshy, base acute ; petiole ^-1 in- ; stipules 2, minute. Floivers ^ in.
diam., about 12 in an umbel; peduncle ^-4 in., stout, compressed; pedicels stout,
very short. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Petals ovate-rotundate, crenulate,
united at the base in both sexes. Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla
in both sexes , filaments dilated at the base. Drupe globose, with 4-5 trigonous stones ;
stigma 4-5- lobed. — That the trivial name e.i"SM/ca of Wall. Cat. is an oversight iorexcelsa
is evident from this being the Cassine exceUa of Wallich in Koxburgh's Flora Indica,
where it is admirably described and stated to be a lofty tree ; no less than from the fact
604 XL. iLiciNEJE. (J. D, Hooker.) [Hex.
that the mss. ticket attached to Blinkworth's epecimens in Wallich's handwritinff,
bears the name excelsa. Bramlis is certainly mistaken in referring the Ehretia
umhellulata^ together with vaiious Malayan Peninsula Ispecimens, io this species.
Wallich describes the flower as inodorous, Brandis as sweet-scented. Very near if not
identical with /. rotunda, Thunb., of Japan.
18. Z. Godajam, Colehr. ms. ex Wall. Gat. 4329 ; branchlets pubescent,
leaves 3-5 in. soft ovate acute or with a retuse tip quite entire nerves
spreading, petiole slender, umbellules pubescent on simple or branched
peduncles, (^ flowers 4-5-merous. Ehretia umbellulata. Wall, in Boxh. Fl.
Jnd. ed. Carey, il 344 ; Cat. 4329. Pseudehretia umbellulata, Turcz. in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 607.
Eastern Bexoal, Assam, and Silhet; Jilpigoree (Hamilton in Jlerh. Wall.) ; foot
of Sikkim hills, /. I). H.
A branching tree ; bark pale, ashy. Leaves rather membranous, soft, undulate,
nerves very slender; petiole slender, ^-1 in.; stipules 2, minute. Ploioers {$ only
seen) \-^ in. diam., in simple or panicJed peduncled umbellules, which, as well as the
peduncles and very short pedicels, are more or less pubescent, fragrant. Calyx-lobes
orbicular. Petals ovate-oblong, shorter than the slender filaments, united below. — It
is remarkable that of the five collectors from whom I have specimens of this plant, not
one has obtained the female flowers or fruit. One of Wallich's specimens has the
flowers almost twice <V8 large as and more pubescent than the others, and may be a
different species. I have tlie same from the Garrow hills, gathered by Simons. — This
differs much from /. ejccelsa, in the foliage, longer peduncles, and more numerous
flowers, and may prove the same with /. aulcatOf Wall.
19. Z. sulcata, Wall. Cat. 4330 ; glabrous, leaves 4-6 in. soft elliptic-
lanceolate or -oblong or -ovate obtuse quite entire membranous, petiole
slender, umbellules solitary simple long-peduncled puberulous, flowers 4-6-
merous, dnipe with about 8 trigonous stones.
Tenasseuim, at Moulmein, Wallich ; Mergui, Griffith; Amherst, Jlelfer (Kew distrib.
1998) ; Peou, Kvrz.
Probably a tree ; bark of branches grey-brown ; shoots apparently soft. Leaves thin
and soft in texture, pale yellow-brown when dry, with a slender translucent margin ;
nerves beneath very slender, arching, hardly reticulate ; petiole 4~i in- Umbellules
12-20-flowered, more or less puberulous, always solitary and simple ; peduncle 1 in./
often shorter in the ? , compressed ; pedicels \ in. Flowers ahont ^V in. diam. Calyx-
lobes orbicular. Petals broadly oblong, obtuse, recurved, 4 in the 6 and connate below, 6
in the $ and free, shorter than the slender filaments. Jiudirnentary-ovory conical, sub-
tended by the obtusely 6-lobed calyx. Drupe \ in. diam., globose : stones trigonous,
with the back, I think, concave, whence probably Wallich's name of sulcata, but I
cannot well determine this point ; stigma quite sessile, lobed. — Perhaps the same as J.
Godajam, Colebr. Very similar in foliage to /. cymosa, Blume, but the umbellules
are simple, and bark of a very different colour.
Sect. V. Female flowers in branched peduncled cymes, rarely in simple
umbellules. Leaves quite entire in all. (T liis differs from Sect. IV. in the
umbellules being more broken up into cymules.)
20. 1. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4331 ; quite glabrous, leaves 4-7 in.
elliptic-oblong obtuse quite entire rather coriaceous, nerves beneath few
strong ascending, flowers in branched peduncled cymes 4-6-merous, drupe
small with about 8 stones.
Eastern Peninsula; Fen^ng, Phillips, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
?Tenassekim, Jftlfer, and Mergui, Griffith (Kew distrib. 2012). — Distkib. Java,
Sumatra.
Hex.] XL. iLiciNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 605
A tree about 15 ft. high {Maingay). Branches stout, bark grey; shoots quite gla-
brous. Leaves rigid, light brown when dry, shining above, paler beneath, with about
6-8 rather distant prominent ascending nerves, sparingly reticulated ; petiole short,
stout, ^-^ in. Cymes more or less effuse, with short subscorpioid many-flowered
branches ; peduncles \-% in., rather slender, glabrous or minutely puberulous ; pedicels
as short as the flowers, sometimes umbellulate. Calyx-lobes orbicular. Petals
broadly oblong, obtuse, rather shorter than the stamens ; of the ^ 4-6, united at the
base, of ? often 6, unequal and free. Stamens inserted on the corolla in the (J, hypo-
gynous in the ? . Drujpe of two forms ; one perfect, globose, | in. diara., with a sessile
stigma and 6-8 much compressed acutely 3-gonous stones ; the other (imperfect)
smaller, with a distinct but very short style and empty cells. — The Tenasserim speci-
mens doubtfully referred to this species have smaller very coriaceous leaves, 2-3 in.,
•with more narrowed bases and tips, and glabrous cymes. A specimen of apparently
the same plant is amongst Maingay 's Malacca collections, its fruit is unknown.
21. I. Blaing-ayi, Hoohf.; quite glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. elliptic or
narrowly elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate very coriaceous rather glaucous
beneath, nerves nearly horizontal, flowers subumbellate in stout much
branched cymes 4-6-merous, drupe \ in. diam. with 6 stones, style distinct.
Penang, Maingay (Kew distrib. 1021).
A tree about the size of a Guava [Maingay) ; bi-anches woody, bark dark grey, shoots
quite glabrous. Leaves very coriaceous, dark brown opaque and subglaucous beneath
when dry, blacker brown and shining above, midrib stout, narrowed into a stout petiole
\-\ in. Cymes almost racemose, 1-2 in. long, peduncle and pedicel stout quite gla-
brous, black when dry. Flowers ci'owded on very short stout pedicels, ^V iH' diam. ;
$ cymes very short judging from the fruit. Calyx lobes orbicular, not ciliate. Petals
rather coriaceous, broadly oblong, in the S 4, rather shorter than the stout filaments ; in
the ? 6, inserted below the ovary free. Stamens inserted on the corolla in the $ , hypogy-
nous in the ? . Drupes on stout pedicels shorter than themselves, subtended by the 6-
lobed calyx, rather longer than broad ; pulp very scanty; stones trigonous, thickly coria-
ceous ; stigma tumid, subsessile. — Near /. macrophylla, but the nerves of the leaf are
more numerous and almost horizontal.
22. Z. cymosa, Blume Bijdr. 1149; branches with white bark,
leaves 3-5 in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate rather
membranous, nerves beneath very slender, flowers in lax open cymes
4-8-merous, drupe i in. diam. with about 8 trigonous stones, style stout
distinct. I. singapuriana, Wall. Cat. 6526. Prinos cymosa, Hassk.
Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. x. 140 ; Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 595. Leuco-
deris javanica. Planch, mss.
Eastern Peninsula ; from Tenasserim to Malacca, common. — Distrib, Sumatra,
Java, Borneo.
A small tree ; quite glabrous ; bark of branches snow-white, -with the epidermis
flaking off. Leaves usually membranous, variable in shape ; nerves few or many,
spreading, very slender, sometimes quite faint, palefbrown when dry, shining above,
narrowed into a rather stout petiole {-^ in. long. Flowers ^^ in. diam., in small cymes
or irregular umbellules which are collected into a spreading cymose Ion :,'-ped uncled
panicle; peduncle ^-H i"- 5 pedicels slender 4 in. ; ^ 4-o-merous, with equal oblong
obtuse spreading petals ; ? with a 5-merous calyx and 6-8 unequal small erect concave
petals. Calyx-hbes orbicular. Drupe ^ in. diam., rather longer than broad, grooved
when dry, with very little flesh, and usually 8 trigonous compressed stones ; stigma on
an evident stout short style. — The white bark is very conspicuous in this plant, which
has a more open pauicled cyme and longer style than any of its Indian congeners.
23. X. Wallichii, LTook. f. ; branches with white bark, leaves 4-5 in.
elliptic or elliptic-ovate obtuse quite entire thinly coriaceous, drupe ^ in.
diam. with about 12 compressed stones, stigma sessile. Ilicinea?, Wall.
Cat. 9012.
606 XL. iLiciNEiE. {i. D. Hooker.) [Hex.
Texasserim ; at Tavoy, Gomez.
Branches woody ; bark as in /. cymosa, but apparently less inclined to flake. Leaves
brown when dry, pale beneath, with about 10 pair of very faint-spreading nerves, nar-
rowed into a petiole ^ in. long.
24. X. scleropliylla, Hook. f. ; leaves 5-6 in. elliptic-oblong obtuse
quite entire glaucous beneath thickly coriaceous, petiole short very thick,
cymes ? short with a very stout peduncle and pedicels.
Malacca, on Mt. Ophir, Griffith.
A very remarkable species, of which I have seen only two fragments. The leaves are
polished above, extraordinarily thick, narrowed into a very thick petiole .^ in. long.
Cyme 1 in., spj^nngly branched, branches apparently 3-flowered; pedicels \ in.
Flowers ? only with the corolla. Calyx of 5 short rounded ciliolate lobes. Petals
many, very small, unequal, free. Ovary ovoid, truncate ; stigma sessile.
UNKNOWN SPECIES.
I. DAPHNEPnTLLOiDES, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 72, from Tongloo in
Sikkim, is described as 10-androus and hence cannot be an Ilex.
I. A8IAT1CA, Linn. Sp. PI. 125. This is undeterminable; no specimen exists in the
Linnean Herbarium.
Order XLI. CELASTRINE^. (By M. A. Lawson, F.L.S.)
Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing. Branches sometimes spinescent.
Leaves opposite or alternate, usually coriaceous, simple, petioled, rarely
subsessile ; stipules caducous orO. i^/o?i;£>/-s hermaphrodite or polygamous,
usually cymose. Calyx small, 4-r)-l()bed, imbricate, persistent. Petals
4-5. rarely 0, inserted below the disk or continu(ms with its margin,
imbricate. Stamens 3-5, rarely 2, filaments subulate or flattened ; anthers
2-celled. Di^k usually conspicuous, pulvinate or flattened, lobed or entire,
rarely 0. Ovary sessile, the disk tree at the base or confluent with it,
3-5-ceUed ; style short or 0, stigma triangular rarely 3-partite ; ovules 2 in
each cell, anatropous, erect, rarely 1 and pendulous, or many ascending
attached to the axis • raphe in those ascending ventral, in those which are
pendulous dorsal. Fruit capsular, baccate, drupaceous or samaroid. Se(^d
arillate rarely exarillate, sometimes winged, albumen fleshy or ; embryo
usually large, cotyledons foliaceous flat. — Distkib. Species about 400,
scattered over the tropical aud temperate regions of the whole world.
Tktbe T. Celastreee. Stamens 4 or 5, rarely more, inserted on or
beneath the margm of the conspicuous disk ; filaments subulate, often
incurved. Seed {Kokoona excepted) albuminous.
SuBTRiBE I. EuoNYME^. Leaves opposite (rarely alternate in Loplio-
petalum).
* Fruit a capsule, dehiscent.
a. Ovules 1-2 in the axis of each cell.
Petals free, efoveolate. Ovules 2 in each 1. Euonymus.
Petals free, 2-foveolate. Ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous . . 2. f Jlyptopetalcm.
Petals connate, efoveolate, rarely 0. Ovules 2 in each cell . 3. Micuotkopis.
b. Ovules 4 or more in each cell.
Ovary 3-4-celled, Seeds arillate, rarely winged, albuminous . 4. Lophopetalum.
Ovary 3-celled. Seeds exarillate, winged, exalbuminous . . 5. Kokoona,
xLi. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 607
** Fruit indehiscent.
Ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit coriaceous, 1-2-celled . , . 6. Pleubostylia. '
SuBTRiBE n. Celastee^e. Leaves alternate. Ovules 2 in each cell,
erect. Fruit dehiscent.
Ovary free. Seeds arillate. Shrubs, usually scandent ; flowers
paniculate or racemose ^ . . . 1. Celastrus.
Ovary confluent with the disk. Erect shrubs or trees, often
spinose ; flowers cymose 8. Gymnospoeia.
Ovary free, surmounted by a tuft of hairs, styles 2. Flowers
in simple or panicled racemes 9. Kurrimia.
SuBTRTBE III. El^odendre^. Leavcs opposite or subopposite. Fruit a
dry or pulpy drupe.
Ovary confluent with the disk, flowers cymose. Seeds exaril-
late 10. El^odendron.
Tribe II. HippocrateaD. Stamens 3, rarely 2, 4 or 5, inserted on the
face of the disk. Filaments flattened, sometimes adnate to the ovary, re-
curved and causing the anthers when dehiscing to become extrorse. Seed
exalbuminous. — Leaves opposite except in Si^yhonodon.
Fruit flattened, dehiscent. Seeds winged. Scandent shrubs ;
leaves opposite 11, Hippocratea.
Fruit a berry. Seeds not winged. Erect shrubs ; leaves op-
posite 12. Salacia.
Fruit indehiscent. Seeds not winged ; leaves alternate . .13. Sipuonodon.
1. EUONVMVS, Linn.
Trees or shrubs, erect rarely scandent, glabrous. Leaves petioled, rarely
subsessile ; stipules caducous. Calyx 4-5-fid, spreading or recurved.
Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the disk ; anthers broad, 2-celled.
Disk large, fleshy, 4-5-lobed. Ovary sunk in t^e disk, 3-5-celled ; style
short or 0, stigma 3-5-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, attached to the inner
angle, ascending and suspended. Capsule 3-5-celled, 3-5-lobed, angled or
winged, coriaceous, rarely echinate; cells 1-2-seeded, loculicidal. Seeds
covered by the aril, albuminous.— Disteib. Species about 40 ; natives of the
mountainous regions of Tropical Asia and the Malayan Archipelago, a few
also scattered over Europe and North America.
Sect. I. Peduncles 1-3-flowered.
* Flowers usimlly b-^ierous. Petals fimbriate.
1. E. javanicus, Blume Bijdr. 1146; peduncles l-flowered fascicled.
Benn. PL Jav. liar. 130, t. 28. E. sumatranus, Aliq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Su2iX>l. i.
512. E. sphoerocarpus, Hassh. Cat. PL Hort. Bog. 229.
Eastern Peninsula ; from Tenasserim to Penang and Malacca. — Distrib. Sumatra,
Java,
A tree 30-40 ft. Leaves 4-6 by l\-2\ in., thick and coriaceous, oblong, elliptic or
elliptic-obloiig, acute or subacuminate, entire or obscurely crenate-serrate towards the
apex. Peduncles f-lf in., terete. Petals oblong, about \ in. Fruit f in., obovate-
clavate. — E. sumatranus, Miq., has fruit 1 in. or more long, but in all other respects it
resembles E. javanicus.
608 XL I. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Eaonymus,
2. E. Indicus, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 409 : peduncles
1-3-flowered solitary or geminate. Wall. Cat. 4290; W. d' A. Frodr. 160.
E. Goughii, JVight III. i. 178 ; Ic. t. 215 ; Dalz. <jc Gibs. Bmnh. Fl '47 j Bedd,
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiii.
Western Peninsula ; on the Ghats from the Concan southward,
A shrub or small tree. Leaves 3-4 by y\-2\ ip., subcoriaceous, ovate or lanceolate-
oblong, entire or obscurely serrate at the apex. Peduncles \-2 in., cylinclric, stoutish.
Petals nearly orbicular, about J in., rust-coloured. Fruit | in., obovoid-clavate.
** Flowers visually b-mermcs. Petals entire.
3. IS. revolutus, Wight III. i. 178; leaves 1^-2 by |-1| in. ovate or
roundish to obovate very coriaceous margins revolute, peduncles 1-3-
flowered usually geminate, petals \ in. orbicular flat. Thwaites Enum. 73 ;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiv.
Ceylon ; at Newera EUia, ascending to 6000 ft.
A small glabrous tree with subquadrangnhir shoots. Leaves rounded at the apex,
entire or obscurely serrate at the apex. Peduncles J-1 in. cylindrical. Flowers bright
red. Fruit ^ in., turbinate.
4. S. crenulatus, Wall Cat. 4297 ; leaves 2-3 by 1-1 ^ in. elliptic-oblong
to subovate coriaceous margins revolute, peduncles 3- or more-flowered, soli-
tary, petals i in. orbicular flat. W. d' A. Frodr. 161 ; Wight Ic. t. 973;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. cxliv.
Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri hills, Wlaht, d;c.
A small glabrous tree; young branches slightly compressed. Zfayf* crenulate-serrate
towards the apex. Peduncles 1 or more in., compressed, usually 3-flowered, but some-
times twice divided and 7-flowered. Petals nist-coloured. Fruit ^ in., turbinate. — Very
nearly allied to the last species, of which it may prove to be a variety.
5. S. Thwaitesil, Laws. ; leaves 1 1 by f in. broadly lanceolate subovate
acute or blandly subacuminate subcoriaceous margins flat or wrinkled,
peduncles 1 in. filiform solitary 3-flowered, petals ^ in. orbicular with un-
dulate margins.
Ceylon; alt. 2000 ft., Walker, Thwaites.
A small tree with twiggy branchleis and rough dark bark. Leaves entire.
Fruit J in., obovoid, clavate.
6. E. Walkeri, Wight III. i. 178 ; leaves U-4 by ^-U in. lanceolate to
ovate or acuminate subcoriaceous margins flat, peduncles 1 -flowered sessile
or in subsessile cymes |-| in. in the axils of the upper leaves, petals 3^3 in.
orbicular with undulate margins. Thwaites Enum. 73; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. Ixiv. E. zeylanicus, Mooii Cat. 17.
Ceylon ; ascending to 3000 ft.
A small tree. Leaves crenate-serrate towards the apex, Pedimcles slender.
Flowers almost sessile, exceedingly small. Fruit turbinate. — Small-leaved specimens
of this species closely resemble; E. dichotomous, and it is possible that Wight in de-
scribing the inflorescence as dichotomously branched may have confounded the two.
*** Flowers Armerous.
7. E. ^randiflorus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 404 ; Cat.
4282; Tt7d. Fl. Nej}. 41, t. 30; Fl. As. Rar. iii. 35, t. 254; peduncles
2-3 in. slender. E. lacerus. Ham. in Don Prodr. 191 ; DC. Frodr. ii. 5.
Lophopetalum graudiflorum, Arn,. in Ann. JSiat. Hist, iil 151. L, luciduui,
Wight mss.
Western Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 3000 ft. to Xepal. Khasia
Mts., alt, 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Eumiymus.l xlt. celastrine^. (M. A. Lawson.) 609
A small branching tree, 12 ft. Leaves 3-4 in., obovate to obovate-oblong, rounded
finely and acutely serrate at the apex, shining and dark green above, pale beneath,
almost black when dry. Peduncles 3 in., slender, 3-flowered. Flowers f in. across.
Petals white, nearly orbicular. Fruit \ in., globose with 4 rounded angles yellow.
/SieecZs black, shining, with a scarlet aril. — A very elegant plant both in flower and
fruit.
Var. Leaves 1^ by ^ in., oblong-lanceolate, flowers smaller — perhaps a distinct
species. Bhotan, Griffith.
8. E. calocarpus, Xurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 299 ;
peduncles 1 in. or less stout.
Teis-asserim, Heifer.
A shrub ? with glabrous terete branches. Leaves 4-6 by 2|-3 in., elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, acute or subacuminate, entire, subcoriaceous, green above, pale beneath. Flowers?
Caj[)8ule the size of a cherry, globose, obscurely 4-lobed. Seed 1 in each cell, aril
• red. — Closely resembling a Microtropis in the texture and colour of its leaves.
Sect. II. Flowers in 7- or more-flowered dichotomous cymes. (See 4.
E. crenulatus.)
* Flowers usually 6-7nerous.
t Branches cylindric.
9. E. dichotomus, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 410;
leaves 1^2 in. lanceolate margins entire undulate, peduncles very slen-
der, flowers very small. Wall. (Jat. 4289 ; W. <h A. Prodr. 160; Thwaites
Enum. 73; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiii.
Western Peninsula ; Courtallam, Heyne. Ceylon, banks of streams at Galagama,
Thwaites.
A small tree with twiggy branchlets. Cymes nearly as long as the leaves, exceed-
ingly slender, but firm. Petals ^V i^«i orbicular, entire, flat. Fruit obconical.
10. E. g-laber, Boxb. Fl. Ind. i. '628 ; leaves smooth elliptic-oblong
the upper half obtusely serrate, flowers white. Wall. Cat. 4281. ? E. ser-
rulata. Wall. Cat. 4296.
Eastern Bengal, Griffith; ?Tavoy, Wall.
A small tree with smooth shining dark-brown bark. Leaves 2^ by 1-2J in., dark-
green above, paler beneath. Peduncles stoutish, 1-2 1 in. Petals J in., orbicular,
margins slightly undulate. Fruit f
Var. Leaves 3-5 in. oblong-elliptic quite entire. — Bhotan, Griffith.
. 11. B. serratifolius, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiv. ; Ic. PI. Ind.
Or. 37, t. clxxi. ; leaves smooth lanceolate sharply and prominently
serrate.
Western Peninsula ; slopes of the Nilghiris, at Carcom Ghat, alt. 3000 ft.. Bed-
dome.
Leaves 3^-4 by f-l^ in., narrow to broad lanceolate, tapering at the apex to a short
obtuse point. Petals ^ in., orbicular, subcordate at the. base, crenulate. Fruit glo-
bose, with 5 rounded lobes. — Apparently closely allied to E. 2}aniculatus, from which
it differs chiefly in its longer narrowed and more sharply serrate leaves.
12. E. paniculatus, lib. Wight; leaves 3^ by 1| in. smooth elliptic
crenate-serrate membranous, flowers purplish. E. crenulata var. laxiflora,
Wight Ic. i. 214.
Western Peninsula ; on the Shivagherry hills, Wight.
Cymes lax and divaricating, 2^-4 in. Petals orbicular, entire, |^in. across. Fruit f
VOL. I. BE
610 XLi. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. LawsoD.) [Evonymus.
13. E. attenuatus, Wall. Cat. 4298 ; leaves 3^ by f-lf in. smooth
lanceolate-acuminate quite entire very coriaceous.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft., WaUich, &c.
A small tree ? Cymes much shorter than the leaves, about 7-flowered. Peduncles
stoutish, flattened, erect. FetaU \ in., shortly clawed, nearly orbicular, fimbriate.
Fruit obovoid, 4-angled.
14. B. timorensis, Zij)p. ? ex Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 447 ;
leaves smooth 4-6 by 2-2^ in. elliptic-oblong rounded or subacute at the
apex faintly serrate.
Tenasserim or Andaman Islds,, Heifer, Pegu, Kurz. — Distbib. Timor and Philip-
pine Islds.
A tree ? Cymes as long or nearly as long as the leaves ; peduncles stouter than in
the last species, flattened, erect. Petals not clawed, orbicular, fimbriate. Fruit f
15. E. tingrens, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 406 ; Cat
4283; Brand. For. Fl. 79; leaves thick coriaceous rugose above ovate-
lanceolate sharply-serrate.
Wehtehn Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich; to Simla,
Orifith.
A tree 16-20 ft. Leaves 1 4-3 in. by §-1 in., lucid, dark-green above, very pale
beneath. Peduncles compressed. Petals shortly clawed, nearly orbicular, coarsely
crenulate, ^ in., yellowish with purple veins. Fruit 4 in., nearly round, 4-5-angled. —
The flowers of this species are sometimes tetramerous.
ft Brandies acutely quadrangular.
16. E. an^ulatuB, Wight Ic. t. 1053 ; Bedd. Fl. Syh. Anal. Gen. Ixiv.
E. acutangulus, Wight III. 178. E. pterocladus, llohenacker PI. Ind. Or.
E. glaucus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, pt. ii. 599.
Wes'tern Peninsula, Nilghiri hills, Wight, &c.
A small tree, young stems acutely 4-angled or -winged. Leaves 24-44 by 1-lf in.,
dblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, with a thickened margin.
Flowers f Fruit narrowly obtriangular, acutely angled.
**- Flowers usually A-merous, {See 15. tingens.)
t Style 0.
17. E. nitidus, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. i. 483 ; leaves
1^2 by^-1 in. obovate-lanceolate subacuminate, fruit roundly 4-angled.
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 62; Seem. Bot. Voy. Her. 371, t. 83. E. punctatus,
Wall. Cat. 4286.
Bengal; Herh. Oriffith {probably cult.). — Distrib. Hong Kong.
Leaves entire or obscurely serrate at the apex, coriaceous, shining. Peduncles fili-
form, 4-1 ill-, usually twice divided. Petals orbicular, entire, x^m. across. Fruit 4 in.,
Bubglobose. — This is perhaps an introduced plant in Bengal.
18. E. bullatus, Wall. Cat. 4299; leaves 4-10 by 2|-4 in. ovate
acute, fruit 4-angled. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1749. Enonymus sp., Wall. Cat.
7473.
Khasia Mts. ; alt, 3-4000 ft., Wallich, &c.
A tree ? ynung branches terete or sligb'^ly flattened, thick and coarse. Leaves thick,
entire, or faintly serrate at the apex, buliate above, nerves very prominent beneath.
Peduncles many times divided. Flowers very numerous. Petals jV in., nearly orbi-
cular, crenulate. Fruit 4-lobed, roundish, often only 1-3-seeded.
Etwnymus.'] XLi. celastrine^. (M. A. Lawson.) 611
19. B. fimbriatus, Wall, in Roxh. Ft. hid, ed. Carey, ii. 408 ;
Cat 4287 ; leaves ovate-acuminate biserrate membranous, fruit with
4 tapering wings. ? E. micranthus, Dori Prodr. 191.
Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 8-10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft.,
J.D.H. ' » . , ,
A tree? Zeaves l^-S by ^-14 in., elegantly fringed with sharp deep biserratnres,
dark-green. Peduncles 2-3 in.; pedicels branching subumbellately. Petals ^'m.^
white, broadly ovate, entire. Fruit leathery, the pize of a cherry.— The woodcut given
in Paxton's. Flower Garden, ii. 55, t. 316, can hardly belong to this species; the leaves
resemble more those of E. pendulus or F. frigidus.
20. E. frigridus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 409 ; Cat. 4288 ;
adult leaves 3-5 by f-l^ in. oblong-lanceolate acuminate somewhat sharply-
serrate, fruit with 4 long tapering wings.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., J.D.H.; Bhotan, Griffith; Kumaon, Wcdlich.
A small tree ? young shoots succulent. Flowers very small, on weak succulent fili-
form peduncles and pedicels, the latter 4 in. long. Petals orbicular, entire. Fruit as
in the last species.
Var. Apparently a shrub, leaves 1 ft. by J in. faintly and distantly serrate.
tt Style manifest.
a. Fruit armed with spines.
21. B. cinereus, Laws. ; branches rough with minute tubercles, leaves
obovate, fruit f in. globose armed with pale-coloured spines.
East Bengal, Griffith.
Scandent? Branches destitute of rootlets. Leaves 2\ by 1^ in., broadly obovate,
rounded at the apex, serrate, pale-coloured. Flowers ?
22. E. echinatus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 410;
Cat. 4285 ; branches smooth radicant, leaves ovate-lanceolate, fruit \ in.
globose armed with dark-coloured spines. Royle III. t. 31 ; Bot. Mag.
2767 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cak. 165 ; Brand. For. Fl. 80. E. scandens, Graliam
in Jameson's Ed. New. Phil. Journ. 1827, 386. G. vagans. Wall. Cat. 4284,
in part.
Temperate Himalaya; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft.
Climbing over trees and rocks, to which the stems adhere by means of dense adven-
titious rootlets. Leaves 1-2 by ^-1 in., serrate, dark-green above, pale beneath.
Peduncles mostly 3 times divided. Petals ^ in., orbicular, crenulate. Style -^ in.
b. Fruit unarmed.
23. E. vag'ans, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.' Carey, ii. 412; Ca<, 4284,
in part; stem climbing, leaves 1-2 by ^ in. ovate-lanceolate serrate, fruit
the size of a pea nearly black minutely tubercled.
Temperate Himalaya ; Sikkim and Nipal, Wallich, &c.
Branches smooth and never radicant. This and the smooth fruit are the only charac-
ters by which to distinguish this species from the last. In Bot. Mag. 54, t. 2767, Sir
W. Hooker suggested that it might be a variety only, and he founded this opinion on
the circumstance that he believed he had seen a tendency in some of the fruits of J5?.
vagans to become echinate.
24. E. G-riffithli, Kurzin Journ.- As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. 2, 73; stem
scandent acutely 4-angled or -winged^- leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in. ovate or
oblong-lanceolate. Hippocratea angulata, Grif. Notul. iv. 473 ; Ic. PI.
As. iv. t. 581, f . i.
EE2
612 1. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Euoni/mus.
BiRMA ; on rocks at Loonkaram and Delvi Nempean on the north from Assam,
Ori^th.
Leaves sessile or subsessile, serrate, subbullate. Peduncles twice divided. Petals
jV in., white, orbicular, entire, shortly clawed. Style -^ in. Fruit f
25. E. thcBBfollus, Wall. Cat 4293 ; a small erect shrub, branches
terete, leaves 2-3 by f-l^ in. ovate or oblong-lanceolate coriaceous.
Central and Eastern Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft., /. D. H. ;
KuAsiA Mt8., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Peduncles about twice divided, short, slender. Petals reddish, orbicular, entire,
^ in. Style ^^ in. Fruit the size of a large pea, nearly round, obscurely 4-angled,
1-seeded.
28. B. pendulus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. eel. Carey, ii. 406;
Cat. 4280 ; a small tree with slender pendulous branchlets, leaves 4-6 in.
oblong or oblong-lanceolate sharply serrate coriaceous smooth and shining
above, petals fimbriate. Brand. For. Fl. 79. E. lucidus, Don Prodr. 191
? DC. Prodr. ii. 4. E. japonicus, Willi, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii.
405 {not Tlimib.).
Temperate Himalaya ; from Garwhal, Falconer, to Nipal, Wallich; East Bengal,
Griffith.
Branches terete. Peduncles much compressed, fascicled. Petals 4, \ in., white,
ovate-oblong, fimbriate. Stamem and style ^ in. Friut ^ in., obtriangular, with 4 taper-
ing wings.— This is quite distinct from E. japonicus, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 100, of which
there is a good plate in Kampf. Ic. Select, t. 8.
27. IS. Kamiltonianus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind.ed. Carey, ii. 403 ;
Cat. 4279 ; a slirub with terete branches, leaves 3-6 in. ovate or ovate-
lanceolate very finely serrate membranous, petals entire. Brand. For. Fl,
78, t. xvi. E. atropurpureus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 627 {non Jacq.).
Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kashmir, Falconer, to Kumaon, Strach.
& Wint. ; Khasia Mth., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Peduncles about 7-flowei-ed. Petals ^ in., cordate-lanceolate with revolute margins.
Stamens and style ^ in. Fruit turbinate, 4-lobed.
2. GI.YPTOPETA1.UM, Thwaites.
Erect shrubs or small trees, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioled, ex-
stipulate. Cymes 3- or more-flowered. Calyx with 4 short spreading lobes.
Petals 4, with 2 pit-like depressions on the upper surface. Stamens 4, in-
serted above the disk ; the connective dilated • anther-cells diverging.
Disk 4-lobed. Ovary immersed in the disk, 4-lobed, 4-celled ; style short,
stigma capitate ; ovules solitary and pendulous from the top of each cell.
Capside subglobose, coriaceous, 1-4-celled, 1-4- seeded. Seeds as in
Euonymus. — Disteib. Species 3. Ceylon, Southern India, and Malayan
peninsula.
1. G. zeylanicum, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Jonrn. viii. 268, t. vii. B ;
Enum. 73 ; leaves 4|-6 by 1^2^ in., cymes not half as long as the leaves.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiv.
Western Peninsula; Anamallay hills, Beddome; Ceylon, in the Central province,
alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites.
A large shrub or tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves subconaceous or membranous, oblong or
oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, serrate or entire. Cymes short, robust, 2-3 times divided,
supra-axillary. Petals ^ in., oblong. Fi-uit the size of a small cherry, greenish, smooth;
pedicels 4 in-, straight.
Ghjptopetalum.] XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 613
2. Cr. sclerocarpum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii 299
leaves 8-12 by 2-3| in., cymes not half as long as the leaves.
Pegu, Kurz.
A tree with thick coarse branches. Leaves very coriaceous, finely serrate or entire.
Cymes stoutish. Flowers f Fruit globose, the size of a large cherry, rough with mi-
nute tubercles ; pedicels 1| in., straight.
3. G. ^randiflorum, Bedd. Ic. PlTnd. Or. 21, t. 102 ; Fl. Sylv. Ami.
Gen. Ixv. ; peduncles longer than the leaves.
Western Peninsula ; damp forests of the Wynaad, alt. 2-2800 ft., Beddome.
Leaves subcoriaceous, 3|-5 by 14-2 in,, oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex, acute or
acuminate. Peduncles filiform, 3-flowered ; pedicels 1 in., arcuate. Flowers 1^ in. across.
Petals obovate. Fruit ?
3. IHZCROTROPXS, Wall.
Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioled, or subsessile exsti-
pulate, entire. Flowers in sessile clusters, or in peduncled cymes, axillary or
supra-axillary, sometimes unisexual. Sepals 6, imbricate. Petals 5, rarely 0,
connate at the base, erect. Stamens 5, inserted on the disk or on the tube
of the corolla. Disk 0, or annular. Ovary free, ovoid, perfectly or imperfectly
2-3-celled ; style very short ; stigma minutely 2-4-lobed ; ovules 2 in each
cell, collateral at the inner angle. Capside oblong, coriaceous, 1-celled,
2-valved, 1-seeded, surrounded at the base with the persistent calyx.
Seed erect, stipitate ; aril 0.— Distrib. Species 9 ; mountains of India,
Ceylon, the Malayan peninsula and Java.
* Flowers sessile^ clmtered on the branches. (See 4, densiflora.)
1. in. Wallichiana, Wight mss-; leaves 2^4 by 1-2 in. petioled oblong-
elliptic acute at both ends, flowers few small, fruit tapering at the base
rounded at the apex. Thwaites Enum. 71 j Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. Ixv.
Ceylon ; forests of the Central province and Saffragam, alt. 2-5000 ft.
A middle-sized tree with slender branches. Petals jtj- in., ovate-lanceolate, narrowed
at the base, rounded at the apex. Fruit | in.
2. M. latifolia, Wight mss. ; leaves 4-5 by 2^3 in. petioled oblong-
lanceolate subacuminate, flowers large and more numerous than in the
last species, fruit pointed at both ends. 1 M. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 4339
in part.
Western Peninsula ; from the Concan to the Nilghiris.
A small tree wnth almost black branches. Leaves pale green, very coriaceous and
with a thickened margin, rugulose and opaque above. Petals ^ in., subovate. Fridt | in.
3. VH. ramiflora, Wight Lc. t. 977 ; leaves subsessile 1-3^ by f-2 in.
broadly-elliptic or obovate rounded and slightly emarginate at the apex
margins revolute, flowers in dense clusters, fruit acute at the apex.
Thwaites Enum. 72; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixv.
Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri Mts., Wight. Ceylon ; common in the more elevated
parts of the Central Province.
A small tree with thick coarse branches. Leaves very coriaceous, rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, rugulose and opaque above. Petals | in., broadly obovate. Fruii
I in. Testa reddish brown.
614 XLi. CELASTRINE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Microtropis.
** Flowers in axillary/ or extra-axillary j^duncled di- or triclhotomous
cymes.
4. m. densiflora, Wight Ic. 1. 1052 ; leaves 2-2| by 1^-2 in. elliptic
margins revolute very coriaceous, cymes \ in. short dense. Bedd. Fl.
JSylv. Anal. Gen. ixv.
Western Peninsula ; Nilghirl Mts., Wiglit, &c.
A large straggling shrub or small tree. Flowers sometimes almost sessile. Petals
^ in., roundish-eUiptic. Fruit | in., narrowly oblong, acute at both ends.
5. nC. microcarpa, Wight Ic. t. 976 ; leaves 1-3 by ^-1^ in. elliptic-
or broadly-lanceolate coriaceous margins revolute, cymes 1^2 in. lax, fruit
oblong narrowing to the acute apex, testa light brown.
Western Peninsula ; from the Concan and Maisor southwards ; dry jungles at
Kotagherry in the JSilghiris, Wight.
An erect shrub. Leaves smooth above, glaucous beneath. Cymes di-trichotomous.
Fetals obovate-cuneate.
6. M. ovallfolia, Wight Ic. t. 976 ; leaves 1-3 by J-li in. ovate or
broadly lanceolate coriaceous margins revolute, fruit ovoid subacute, testa
crimson. Bedd. Fl. JSylv. Anal. Gtn. Ixv. Elaeodeudron nilghirense, Wall.
Cat. 4409.
Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri hills, Courtallam and Ootacamund, Wight, &c.
A somewhat diffuse shrub. Cymes tnchotoraous, 2-3 in. Petals orbicular. — Very
closely allied to M. microcarpa, of which it may prove to be a variety.
7. 1*1. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4337 ; leaves 3-5 by li-2| in. elliptic sub-
acuminate membranous flat, cymes ^-l in. compact. Am. in Ann. Nat.
Hid. iii. 152. Cassine discolor. Wall, in Roxb. Fl. hid. ed. Carey, ii.
378. Celastrinea 1 Wall Cat. 9014. Euonymus garcinifolius, Eoxb. Fl.
Ind. i. 628.
Subtropical Himalaya; Kumaon, WaUich; Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft., (F.D.H.;
Khasia Mts., alt. 1-7000 ft., /. D. H. & T. T.; Tenasserim, WaUich, &c.
A small tree. Petals J in., elliptic, concave. Fruit 4 in., ovoid.
8. XH. blvalvls, Wall. Cat. 4340 ; leaves 4-8 by 1^-2^ in. ovate to
oblong-lanceolate acuminate membranous or subcoriaceous margins fiat,
cymes 2-4 in. di-trichotomous branches widely divaricating. Celastrus
bivalvis, Jack, in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 71 ; Boxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii
399 ; I)C. Prodr. ii. 6. Euonymus ? laeta, Wall. Cat. 4294. E. capilla-
ceus, Wall. Cat. 7270. E. filiformis, Wall. Cat. 4295. Paracelastrus bi-
valvis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 691.
Eastern Peninsula; from Tenasserim to Penang, Wallich; MaXsLCCA, Maingay. —
DisTRiB. Sumatra, Java.
Branches slender. Peduncles extra-axillary, usually springing from the branches at
right angles. Petals elliptic, ^ in. Fruit elhpsoid.
4. XiOPKOFSTAIiUM, Wight.
Trees and shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite or alternate,
petioled, exstipulate. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes round short. Petals 5, con-
tinuous with the disk, persistent, the upper surface cristate or lamellate or
covered with fleshy villi or naked. ^Stameiis 5, inserted on the disk ;
anthers oblong. Disk large, entire or lobed. Ovary small, immersed in
Lophopetalum.] xli. celastrtne^. (M. A. Lawson.) 615
the disk and continuous with it, trigonal or pyramidal, 3-4-celled, con-
tracted into a short style, stigma capitate ; ovules 4 or more in each cell,
in 2 series. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-angled, 3-4-celled, loculicidal. Seeds
few, rarely winged, arillate, albumen fleshy.— Distrib. Species 8 ; Indian
Malayan and Javan.
The species without fruit have been referred to this genus by liabit alone.
Sect. I. Petals crested. Disk flat, adhering to the calyx, 5-lobed ; lobes
continuous with the petals.
1. Zi. Wig^htianum, Am. in Ann. Nat, Hist. iii. 151 ; leaves 5-9 by
2-4 in., flowers | in. diam. Wight III. 178 ; Ic. t. 162 ; Walp. Rep. i. 530 ;
Dalz. i& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 48 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 145 ; Ft. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. Ixv.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards.
A large tree. Leaves coriaceous. Cymes axillary or terminal, branching panicu-
lately several times. Petals with a membranous corrugated crest. Fruit 4 in. long,
3-eelled, sharply triangular. Seeds oblong, compressed.
2. Zi. fimbrlatum, Wight III. i. 178 ; leaves 4-7 by 2-3| in. ovate or
ovate-oblong shortly acuminate, flowers nearly \ in. diam. L. ovatum
Presl Botan. Bemerk. 32. L. javanum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863,
pt. i. 545. Euonymus ovata, Wall. Gat. 4300.
SiLHET, Wallich; Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.
Leaves more thin and membranous than in L. Wightianum. Flowers in axillary or
terminal rigid divaricating paniculate cymes. Petals with a fimbriate crest. Fruit f
Sect. II. Petals corrugated or crisped (except 6. Jloribundurn) on the
upper surface. Disk flat, 10-lobed, lining the calyx.
3. Zi. pallidum, Laws. ; leaves 2|-3 by 1-1:^ in. elliptic-oblong, cymes
1^ in. glabrous, disk faintly lobed with long fleshy hairs surrounding the
base of the stamens otherwise naked.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ; whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves pale ash-coloured, almost shining,
petiole 4-g in. Cymes axillary. Petals y\ in., broadly ovate, corrugated on the upper
surface. — A very distinct species, readily known by the colour of its leaves, and the
ring of fleshy hairs surrounding the stamens.
4. Zi. "Wallichii, ^ifwrz m Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 299;
leaves 6-8 by 3-3^ in. ovate-oblong rounded at the apex, cymes 6 or more
in. glabrous, disk faintly 10-lobed covered with fleshy warts.
Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Parish; Birma, Kurz.
A large glabrous tree. Leaves glaucesceiit, green and shining above, opaque beneath,
coriaceous ; petiole 1-1^ in. Cymes axillary and terminal, paniculate. Petals yV i^-,
crisped on the upper surface, whitish. Disk yellow. Capsule 4 or more by 2 in,,
smooth, 3-lobed, 3-valved. Seeds compressed, imbricate ; wings 2-2 § in., elliptic-
oblong, membranous. — The description of the fruit and seed is taken from Kurz. In a
letter to Dr. Hooker he would make Prismatocarpus littoralis, Wall. Cat. 6520, a
synonym of the above, but in this he is in error.
5. Zi. celastroides, Laws. ; leaves 2^4 by li-2| in. ovate acute or
rounded at the apex, cymes 6 in.-l ft. glabrous, disk very faintly lobed
entirely covered with minute fleshy lobulate warts.
Tenasserim at Moulmein, Griffith; Pegu, M'Clelland.
A tree?; whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves coriaceous; petiole l-l^ in. Flowers
in large axillary and terminal widely-divaricating paniculate cvmes. Petals -f\ in.,
lOvate from a broad base, slightly corrugated. Fruit f — Closely allied to L. WaUichii.
616 XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Lophopctalum.
6. Xi. floribundum, Wight Till 178 ; leaves 3^-6 by 1-2 in. oblong-
elliptic, cymes 6-8 in. puberulous, disk naked 5-angled, petals naked.
Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.
A tree ; quite glabrous with the exception of the inflorescence. Leaves aciite, coria-
ceous ; petiole ^-4 in. Flowevs in diflFuse divaricating cymes. Petals yz ^^- » ovate-
orbicular.
Sect. IIL Petals and disk naked. Disk cupnlar with a free margin.
7. Zi. fillforme, Laws. ; branches very slender almost filiform, leaves
3 by li in. oblong-lanceolate subacuminate with crisped margins mem-
branous, petals i in.
Tenassertm, at Mergui, Chiffith.
Whole plant quit<; glabrous. Cymes axillary, very slender, shorter than the leaves,
subpaniculate. Flowers shortly pedicellate. Petals ovate, rounded at the apex.
Fruit ? — A very distinct species readily distinguished from the rest by its very slender
branches and crisped leaves.
8. Zi. reflexum, Laws.; branches short, leaves 2|-3 by f-lj in,
ovate-lanceolate acuminate withreflexcd tips coriaceous margins flat, flowers
very small.
Malacca, Maingay.
Whole plant quite glabrous. I^eaves minutely pellucidly punctate. Flowers in
rigid divaricating paniculate cymes longer than the leaves, shortly pedicellate, yellow.
Fruit f — The description of the flowers is taken from Maiugay's mss.
9. Zi. dublum, Laws. ; branches stout coarse, leaves 3 by \\ in.
elHptic acute at both ends with a reflexed tip coriaceous margins flat,
petals \ in.
Malacca, Maingay.
A tree ; whole plant quite glabrous. Flowers in stoutish erect spicate .axillary
cymes, shorter than the leaves, almost sessile. Petals subtriangular. Fruit ?
5. KOKOONA, Thwaites.
Branching trees with yellow or ])ale-coloured bark. Leaves opposite,
petioled, coriaceous. Calyx small, S-lobed. Petals 5, coriaceous, with
flandular dots. Stamens 5, inserted into the margin of the disk ; anthers
blong. Disk thick, glandular, obscurelv angled. Ovanj immersed in the
disk, 3-celled ; style short, stigma 3-lobea ; ovules 4 in each cell, in
2 series, adnate to tlie axis, ascending. Capsule woody, oblong, 3-gonous,
3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 4-seeded. Seeds broadly winged above, imbricate,
exalbuminous.— DiSTRiB. Species 3. Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, and
Borneo.
A genus perhaps too closely allied to Lopliopetalum to be kept separate when the
fruit of more of the species of the latter genus is known.
1. K. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. v. 380, t. 6 ; Enum.
62 ; leaves crenate or serrate, petals naked brown with numerous minute
dark red glandular dots, fruit oblong. Beddoine Fl. Sylv. t. 146 ; Fl.
Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixv.
Western Peninsula ; Amamallay hills, Beddome ; Ceylon ; banks of streams in
the Ambagamowa and Suffragam districts, alt. 2-4000 ft.
Leaves on young plants 6-8 in., oblong-lanceolate, subacuminate, serrate ; on adult
trees 24-34 in., elliptic or obovate, crenate, rounded at the apex or eraarginate, dark-
Kokoona.\ XLi. celastrine^. (M. A. Lawson.) 617
gi'een above and glabrous, paler beneath and with numerous dark-red glandular dots.
Petals broadly ovate. Fruit 1-4 in., bluntly triangular. — An oil is expressed from the
seeds and used for biu-ning in lamps. Thwaites.
2. K. littoralis, Laws. ; leaves entire, petals sublamellate dotless,
fruit ovate-lanceolate acute. Trigonocarpus littoralis, Wall. Cat. 6520.
Malacca, Maingay; Singapore, Lobb.
A tall tree, always growing in the water. Leaves 34-4| in., elliptic, dotless. Petals
ovate. Fruit l|-2 in.
6. FliBUROSTVIiZA, Wight.
A glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, entire, exstipulate.
Cymes axillary, very short, few-fiowered. Calyx small, 4-lobed. ^ Petals 5,
much larger than the calyx.. Stamens 5, inserted below the disk ; con-
nective dilated at the back. Bisk thick, crenulate. Ovary half immersed
in the disk, 2-celled or more commonly by abortion 1-celled ; style short,
stigma broadly peltate; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit 1-2-celled,
coriaceous, indehiscent. Seed 1 rarely 2, erect, covered by the arillus-like
endocarp, albumen fleshy abundant ; cotyledons orbicular. — Distkib.
Species 1 or 2 ; mountains of India, Ceylon, Mauritius and Madagascar.
1. P. Wi^htii, W. & A. Prodr. 157; Wight Ic. 155; Thwaites
Enum. 71 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 47. P. Heynei, W. <^ A. Prodr. 157.
Celastrus opposita, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 398 ; Cat. 4314;
C. ??Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4322.
Western Peninsula ; Mountains of Malabar, Nilghiris, Quilon, and Courtallam.
Ceylon ; in the hot dry parts of the island. — Distrib. Mauritius and Madagascar.
Leaves elliptic-oblcng to narrow oblong-lanceolate.
7. CBIiASTIlUS, Linn.
Scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled ; stipules minute and deci-
duous, or 0. Flowers polygamous, in terminal or axillary panicles or
racemes. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk broad, concave.
Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of the disk. Ovary not immersed in the
disk, 2-4-celled ; style short, stigma 3-lobed, rarely 3-fid with the segments
recurved ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Camide globose or obovoid,
1-3-celled^, 1-6-seeded. Seeds enveloped in a fleshy aril, albumen fleshy •
cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. Species scarcely 15, natives of tropical
Asia, China, Japan, Australia and North America.
I. Branches covered with pale lenticular warts.
1. C^ paniculata, Willd. S}^. PI. i. 1125 ; calyx-segments half-orbi-
cular, petals s in. obovate-oblong entire,-slylo acute not lobed, fruit 3-celled
3-6-seeded, seed I in. ovoid brown. Wall. Cat. 4310 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 621 ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 6; W. & A. Prodr. 158; Wight III. 179, t. 72; Ic. t. 158;
Brand. Far. Fl. 82 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 47 ; Thwaites Enum. 72 ; Voiat
Ilort. Sub. Calc. 166. C. alnifolia, Don Prodr. 190; DC. Prodr. ii. 6. C.
dependens, Wall. Cat. 4302; Voigt Ilwt, Sub. Calc. 166. C. multiflora,
Roxh. FL Ind. i. 622. C. nutans, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 623 ; Wall. Cat. 4301.
C. Rothiana, Roeni. d Schult. Syst. v. 423 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 8. C. Metziana,
Turcz. m Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, 447. Ceanothus paniculatus, Roth Nov,
Sp. 154. Scutia paniculata, Don Gen. Syst. ii. 34.
Tropical and Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 1-4Q00 ft., ; Panjab, and throughout
the hilly districts of India, ascending to 3000 ft. ; Ceylon, ascending to 2000 ft. —
Distrib. Malay Archipelago, and Philippine Islds.
cJ18 XLi. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Cclastrus.
A scandent shrub with terete branches, the young shoots and branches pendulous.
Leaves 2^-5 by I5-24 in., oval oblong or ovate or obovate, acuminate, serrate, mem-
branous. Flowers yellowish-green, in terminal pendulous panicles. Petals ^ in.,
oblong, — Foliage very variable. An oil for burning in lamps is expressed from the seeds.
2. C. stylosa, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ^ il 401; Cat. 4313;
calyx-segments ovate rounded, petals \ in. oblong with wavy margins, style
3-lobed, fruit 3-celled 3-C-seeded, seed j by ^ in. curved black. Yoigt Hwt.
Sub. Cole. 166.
NiPAL, Wallich ; Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. ; Khasia Mts., alt.
4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. ; ?Pegd, M'Clelland.
A scandent shrub with terete branches. Leaves 2^-4 by l|-2 in., elliptic or ovate-
oblong, acute or subacuminate, serrate. Floivers in short axillary or termmal irregular
racemose cymes. Fruit yellow, crowned by the persistent style.
II. Bixinclies destitute of lenticds.
3. C. venulosa, Wall. Cai. 4321 ; calj-x-segments half orbicular,
petals f in. linear-oblong with wavy margins, style acute not lobed.
SiLHET, Wallich.
A scandent shrub, with smooth pale-brown round branches, or dark brown and rather
rough. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in., elliptic-oblong, narrowed at the base, suddenly and
shortly acuminate, faintly serrate membranous, venation conspicuous but very delicate,
shining. Flowers in short axillary or terminal spicate cymes. Fruit ? — A single spe-
cimen from Silhet in the Wallichian Herbarium. Closely allied to C paniculata.
4. C. monosperma, Ttoxh. Ilort. Beng. 18; Fl. Ind. i. 625; calyx-
segments broadly and roundly ovate, petals jV i"- suborbicular, style 3-lobed,
fniit 1-celled 1-seeded, seed \ in. elliptical brown. Wall. Cat. 4311 a?i(i 7009;
Benth. Fl. Eomjk. 63 ; Vovjt Ilort. Snh. Calc. 166. C. Hindsii, Benth. in Hook.
Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 334. Catha monosperma, Bent It. in Hook. Lond. Joum.
Bot. i. 483. C. Benthamii, Gardn. d' Champ, in Hook. Kew Journ. i. 310.
Eastern Bengal and Assam, Wallich, Griffith, &c. — Distiub. China.
A scandent shrub with quadrangular branches. Leaven 2-4 by 1-1 f in., oblong-
elliptic, acuminate, sharply serrulate, coriaceous. Flowers white or greenish-yellow,
in short pedunculate cymes, frequently disposed in long slender axillarjr or tenuinal
naked or leafy racemes. Petals very finely creuate. — The whole plant drying black.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED BPECIES.
C. CKENULATA, WaU. Cat. 4323, is a Siam plant.
C. FiNLAVsoNiANA, WaJX. Cat. 4324, is a native of Siam.
C. LUCiDA, WaU. in Boxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 400; WaU. Cat. 4318. C.
Jackianus, Steud. Nomenc. 314 (capsules many-seeded).
C. MiCKANTHA, Boxh. Fl. Lid. i. 625 (leaves pinnate). A native of the Moluccas.
C. PAUciFLORA, WaU. in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 400 (ovary 1-celled, pla-
centa parietal).
C. RACEMOSA, WaU. Cat. 4320, without flowers or fruit is indeterminable.
C.TiUGYHA, Lam.; Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 624 ; Wall. Cat. 4315. C. obtusifoHa, ^oa:&.
Fl. Lid. i. 625, is a native of the Mauritius, not of the Moluccas as stated by Roxburgh
under trigijna.
C. VERTiciLLATA, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 624, is Pittosporum floribundum, W. & A,
8. GVBXNOSPOZIZA, W. & A.
Shrubs or small trees, branches often spinescent. Leaves alternate,
exstipulate. Flowers in small dichotomous cymes. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Petals
4-5, spreading. Stamens 4-5, inserted underneath the disk. Disk broad.
Gymnosporia.] XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 619
sinuate or lobed. Ovary attached by a broad base, or immersed in the
disk, 2-3-celled ; style short, 2-3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule
obovoid, or nearly globose. Seeds 1-2 in each cell, aril completely or par-
tially covering the seed, or 0, albumen fleshy; cotyledons foliaceous.—
DiSTKiB. Species 60, natives of the hotter parts of the whole world.
* Branches unarmed.
1. G-. acuminata, Ilooh. f. ; leaves 5-8 by 2-3| in. ovate-oblong
acuminate serrate membranous glabrous. Celastrus oxyphylla, Wall.
Cat. 4312.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 2-5000 ft., J.D.H. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. ; Eastern
Peninsula and Birma, Griffith. — Distrib. Yunan.
A shrub with somewhat slender branches. Flowers in very delicate fasciculate
dichotomous cymes ^-1 in. long. Petals -^ in., oblong-elliptic, reddish. Fruit ^-i in.,
roundly obcordate, somewhat compressed, 2-celled, 2-seeded, black.
2. G. ne^lecta, Wall. Oat. 4341 (vMcler Celastrus) ; leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in.
ovate-elliptic acute or subacuminate entire or very faintly serrate towards
the apex very coriaceous glabrous. C. 1 attenuata. Wall. Cat. 431 9. 1 Bseo-
botrys acuminata. Wall. Cai. 2321.
NiPAL and Silhet, Wallich.
A shrub ? with thick stout branches. Flowers \-\ in. long, in very delicate di-
chotomous cymes. Petals as in Q. acuminata. Fruit nearly globose, about 5 in.,
, light yellow, 3-celled, 1-3-seeded.
3. S. salicifolla, Laws. ; leaves 3-4 by i-| in. narrowly lanceolate
serrate glabrous.
Assam, Simons.
A shrub ? with erect slender dark-coloured branches. Flowers in slender di-tricho-
tomous cymes 1-2| in. long. Petals ^-^ in., suboval, concave, pinkish-white. Fruit?
4. G-. oblanceolata, Laws.; leaves 3-4 by |-f in. oblanceolate
tapering into*the petiole serrate in the upper half coriaceous glabrous, mar-
gins revolute in the lower half.
Birma, Griffith.
A tortuous "shrub with smooth blackish branches. Flowers in delicate trlchotomous
cymes i-I in. long. Fruit ?
6. €t. puberula, Laws. : leaves 2-2^ by li-l^ in. broadly obovate
subacuminate serrate-creuate membranous puberulous on the nerves
beneath.
Bombay, Law.
A shrub with stout branches, young branches and peduncles puberulous. Flowers
in slender dichotomous cymes 2-3 in. long, which are axillary or fascicled at the ends
of short branches. Fruit obovate, ^ in. ?
6. G-. fruticosa, Thwaites Enum. 72 {under Catha) ; leaves f-li by
■|-| in. oblong-spathulate crenate-serrate glabrous.
Ceylon ; Central province, &c., Thwaites.
A shrub, 8-10 ft. ; young branches angular. Flowers in corymbose cymes shorter
than the leaves ; pedicels \ in., filiform. Fruit ^-|- in., turbinate, reddish brown, with
faint transverse striae, 3-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds red, shining, aril small, whitish.
— Very hke some of the unarmed forms of G. montaria, but it may be known from
them by the slender filiform pedicels and the colour of the capsules.
7. G-. ovata, Walt. Cat 4308 {under Celastrus) ; leaves l|-3 by li-lf in.
roundly ovate or subovate serrate coriaceous glabrous. W. ^ A. Prodr. 159.
Catha ovata, Walp. Rep. i. 532.
620 XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Gymnosporia,
Western Peninsula; Nilghiri Mts., Koton, &c.
A shrub, drying blackish. Flowers small, in fasciculate sessile dichotomous cymes
^-l J in. Fruit broadly obovate, ^ in., drying black, 3-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded.
Var. ; stems more slender and straight, leaves oblong narrowed below rounded at
the apex not turning blackish when dried. — Malabar, Wight.
8. G-. Rothlana, W. S A. Prodr. 159 (Celastnis) ; leaves 3-4 by l|-2 in.
elliptic or obovate subcuneate at the base coriaceous glabrous. Dalz. cb
Gibs. BcMih.Fl. 47. C. serrulata, Roth Nov. Sj^ 155 in part. C. "Wallichiana,
Wall. Cat. 4304, c in part. Catha Kothiana, Walp. Rep. i. 632.
Western Peninsula ; the Concan and Canara, Reyne, &c.
Branches thick and coarse, sometimes armed. Leaves crenulate. Flowers in cymes
so reduced that they become sessile and clustered. Fruit obovate, A in., 3-celled ; cells
3-8eeded.
■**■ Branches armed ; spines naked. {See 8. G. Kothiana.)
9. G-. rugrulosa, Laws.; leaves 6 by 2^ in. oblong subacuminate,
fruit -^ in. solitary on pedicels f in. obovoid transversely wrinkled.
MisHMi Hill.'', Griffith.
A tree ? branches with smooth bark, very sparingly armed ; spines very short. Leaves
faintly serrate, coriaceous. Flowers f Fruit 3-celled ; cells l-seeded.
10. G". Kejrneana, W. <k A. Prodr. 159 (Celastrus); leaves 3-4 by
l|-2i in. elliptic crenate-serrate, fniiting cymes 3 in. dicliotomous, capsule
obovoid 3- in. smooth. Celastrus Heyneana, Roth in Roeni. d' Schidt. Syst. v.
421 in jxirt ; DC. Prodr. ii. 7. C. serrulata, Roth Nov. Sp. 165 in part.
C. Wallichiana, Spreng. in Wall. Cai. 4304 c in part. Catha Heyneana,
Walp. Rep. i. 532.
Western Peninsula, Ileyne; Pulney Mts., 'ir/^/if.
A tree? branches with smooth blackish bark, spines straight, \ in. Flowers ia
axillary dichotomous cymes 2-3 in. Petals broadly ovate, | in. Fnut turbinate,
3-celled, cells l-2-8eeded, drying blackish.
11. G. Falconer!, Laws. ; leaves 2^ bv \\ in. obovate or subelliptic
serrate scabrous above pubescent beneath, fruit \ in. diam. solitary,
on short peduncles or in small dichotomous cymes ^| in. long globose
smooth 3-celled 1-2-seeded.
North-West India, Ilerh. Falconer.
A tree ? branches thickish, sparingly armed ; spines 4 in> Flowers ? — Known from
all the other Gymnosporioi by its pubescent leaves.
12. G. rufa, WaU. in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carep, ii. 397 (Celastrus);
leaves 3-5 by 1-1 1 in. lanceolate acuminate serrate subcoriaceous glabrous,
cymes 1-2 in. capillary dicliotomous fascicled, fruit J—? in. obtriangular
3-celled, cells l-seeded, Celastrus rufa. Cat. 4309 ; Brand. For. Fl. 80.
Catha rufa, Don Gen. JSysi. ii. 10; Wal]^. Rep. i. 632.
Subtropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 2-5000 ft., to Sikkim and Bhotan, alt.
3-6000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 2 -4800 ft.
A large branching tree, with slender sparingly-armed branches; spines slender,
4-1 in. Leaves green above, pale beneath. Flowers small. Petals iV in- Fruit pale-
yellow inside. Seeds black.
13. G. Xloyleana, Wall. Cat 4317 (Celastrus); leaves |-lf by ^1 in.
ovate to obovate glabrous, cymes dichotomous shorter than the leaves,
fruit turbinate i-^ in. diam. 3-celled, cells l-seeded. C. spinosus, Royle
lU. 167; Boiss. Fl. Orient, il 11 ; Braiid. For. Fl. 80.
Gymnosporia.] XLi. celastrineje. (M. A. Lawson.) 621
Western Himalaya; in Kumaon andGarwhal, alt. 1-4500 ft. PConcan, Stocks. —
DiSTRiB. Affghanistan.
A shrub with very thorny straight or slightly zigzag branches ; spines slender,
^-1 in. Leaves serrate. Petals \-^ in., white, oblong-ovate.
** Branches armed. Spines hearing leaves and flowers.
^ 14. G-. VTallichiana, Spreng. Syst. 5, Index 150 {under Celastras
rigicla) ; leaves 1-1| by |-1 in. obovate crenate, fruit turbinate | in.
Celastrus Wallichiana, W. & A. Prodr. 159 ; Wall. Cat. 4304. C. rigida,
Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 396. C. buxifolia, Roxh, Hort. Beng.
18. Catha Wallichii, Don Gen. Syst. ii. 10 ; Walp. Rep. i. 532.
Pat.-jab, at Peshawur, Falconer; Western Peninsula; Courtallam, Wight; Maisor,
G. Thomson ;^ Eastern Bengal, JJerJ. Griffith.
A shrub with zigzag branches, profusely armed with stout spines 1-3 in. long.
L?.aves coriaceous, glabrous. Cymes shorter than the leaves, axillary and on the spines.
Fruit somewhat inflated, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded,
15. _ G". exnarg-inata, Roth Nov. Sp. 155 (Celastms) ; leaves 1-?.^ by
i-l] in. obovate-cimeate entire, flowers fascicled in'the axis of the leaves
ar.d on the spines, fruit turbinate \ in. C. emarginata, W. <i' A. Prodr. 160 ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 8 ; Wall. Celt. 4305 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 620 ; Grah. Cat. Bomh.
PL 39 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 166. Catha emarginata, Dcm Gen. Syst. ii. 9 ;
Thwaites Enum. 72; Walp. Rep. i. 532.
Western Peninsula, >S'7m^er/ Concan,'^ G^ra^am; Anamallay hills, Wight. Ceylon,
in hot dry parts of the Island.
A shrub with stout zigzag branches, profusely armed with spines 1-2^ in. long.
Leaves sometimes broadly ovate, emarginate, very coriaceous. Flowers on slender deli-
cate pedicels ^ in. long. Fruit 3-celled, 1-seeded.
16. G-. montana, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i 620 (Celastrus) ; leaves 1-3 by ^2 in.
linear obovate to orbictilar-obovate crenulate, cymes rigid divaricating
shorter than the leaves, fruit globose ^ in. black 1-3-celled, cells 1-seeded.
Celastrus montana, W. d- A. Prodr. 159 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 381 ; Wall
Cat. 4306 ; Wight Ic. 382; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 166 ; Roth Nov. Sp. 154;
DC. Prodr. ii. 9 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. Ixvi. ; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 48. C. pallida, Wall. ■ Cat, 4307 ; Voigt HoH. Sub. Calc. 167. C. cre-
natus, Roth Nov. Sp. 156, not of Forst. ? C. senegalensis, Lam. ; DC. Prodr.
ii. 8; Boiss. Fl. Or. il 11 ; Brand, For. Fl. 81. Catha montana, G. D<yn
Gen. Syst. ii. 10.
Throughout the drier parts of Central, South-Western, and North- Western
India. — Distrib. AfiFghanistan ; Central Africa ; Malay Archipelago ; Australia.
Branches straight, or only slightly zigzag, profusely armed, rarely unarmed. Cymes
axillary or borne on the spines, forking many times. Cajysules numerous, with the size
and look of a pepper corn. — Although the extreme form's of this species are very dis-
tinct, it is impossible to find characters to limit them. Celastrus fnontana, Koxb., com-
prises those forms which have the branches less profusely armed, and the leaves larger
and broader; 0. senegalensis, Lam., those in which the stems are more robust, and
profusely armed, and the leaves smaller and narrower. C. pallida, Wall., may prove
to be a distinct species. De Candolle regards Roxburgh's and Eoth's montana as
different species, but I follow Wight and Arnott in uniting them.
9.- XLURRIIMEZA, Wall.
Trees, usually quite glabrous, young branches tipped with the deciduous
stipules. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, towards the ends of the
branches, coriaceous, entire, shining, penninerved; petiole slender.
622 XLI. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [KurriTnia,
Flowers in simple or paniculately disposed racemes. Ca/i/x 5-fid or-lobed,
recurved. Petals 5^ inserted under the margin of the disk, spreading or
recurved. Stamens inserted with the petals. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Ovary
free, glabrous or puberulous at the base, crowned at the top with a tuft of
hairs ; styles 2 filiform, stigmas small capitate ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect.
Capsule entire or 2-lobed, 1-2-celled, dehiscing slowly with 2 valves, 1-2-
seeded. Seeds erect, completely or partially covered by a fleshy aril,
albumen abundant fleshy; cotyledons linear- oblong. — JJistrib. India,
Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula.
* Flowers in simple spikes,
1. K. pulcherrima, Wall. Cat. 4334 ; petals elliptic-oblong ^ in., disk
slightly puberulous forming a shallow crenate cup round the glabrous base
of the ovary, fruit narrowly oblong. K. calophylla. Wall. Cat. 4335. K.
robusta, Kiirz mss. Rhesa Moja, Ham. mss. ex Am. in Ed. Phil. Joimt xvi.
315 ; Walp. Eej). i. 538. Celastrus robustus, Rosch. Fl. Ind. i. 626. Nothoc-
nestis sumatrana, Mi/j. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suj^pl. i. 531.
The KnAsiA Mrs., SrLnET and Citittaoono ; ascending to 3000ft. ; Birma, Griffith;
Tenasserim, Heifer; Singapore, FTo/iic^.— Distrib. Sumatra.
A tree. Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, glossy above.
Spikes glabrous. Fruit 1^-2 in., the apex often produced into a beak, *1 -celled,
2. XL. Maingrayl, Laws. ; petals ■^^y in. linear-oblong, disk pubemlous
forming a crenate cup round the puberulous ovary, fruit broadly oblong
acute.
Singapore, Maingay.
A tree. Leaves 5-9 by 3J-4in., elliptic-oblong. SjnJces glaucous. Fruit 1-1 4 in. —
Closely allied to the last species, of which it may prove to be a variety.
** Flowers in panicled spikes or racemes.
3. K. panlculata, TFrt//. Cflf^. 4336 ; fruit f in. unequally 2-lobed, lobes
diverging. Fihesa paniculata. Am. in Ed. Phil. Journ. xvi 315; Walj).
lie}!, i. 538. Trochisandra indica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 120 ; Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. Ixvii. Pyrospermum calophyllum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Siqypl. i. 402.
Penang, Wallich, &c. ; Singapore, Maingay ; abundant in Anamallay Hills, Bed-
dome — DisTRiB. Sumatra.
A tree. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 6-12 by 2-3 in. Flmoers shortly pedicellate, in
stoutish paniculate racemes. Petals obovate-oblong, flat. Dish lobed, glabrous. Ovary
glabrous beneath the tuft of hairs. Fruit with the smaller lobe abortive, the larger
1-seeded. — I have seen no specimen of Beddome's TrocJdsandra indica, but from his
description and figure I am not able to distinguish it from the above.
4. K. blpartlta, Laws. ; fruit \\ in. divided nearly to the base into
2 equal nearly parallel lobes.
Western Peninsula ; Shivagherry hills, Might.
Xeares 3-8 by 1 1 -3 in., elliptic-oblong. Prt?i^c/es stoutish. Flowers'? Fndt-lohes
narrowly oblong, rounded at the apex, black, 1-seeded. Seed not half covered by the aril.
5. XL. ceylanlca, Am. Pug. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. pt. i 328 ;
fruit I in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong not lobed. Thwaites Enum. 72 ; Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. t. 147.
Ceylon ; warm moist parts of the island.
Kurrimia.\ XLi. celastrineje. (M. A. Lawson.) 623
A large tree. Leaves 3-6 by \-S in,, ovate or ovate -oblong, acute, the apex often
reflexed. Flowers sessile, in slender panicled spikes. Petals elliptic, ^ in. Fruit
reddish brown, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed nearly covered by the aril.
Var. montana, Thwaites, I.e. ; panicles smaller and more succulent, flowers larger. —
Central province, ascending to 5000 ft.
10. EXiHSODEMDRON, Jacq. f.
Small trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, crenate or
entire. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, often polygamous.
Calyx 6-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk thick. Stamens 5 ; anthers
nearly globose. Ovary continuous with the disk, conical, rarely 2-4- or
5-celled ; style very short ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit succulent or dry,
1-2-celled, indehiscent ; cells 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seed without an aril,
albuminous. — Distrib. About 30 species, natives of South Africa, Tro-
pical Asia, America and Australia.
1. IS. g-laucuxn, Pers. Synops. i. 241 ; Roxh. Fl. Lnd. i. 638 ; Wall.
Cat. 4325 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 10 ; Thwaites Enum. 73 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. Ixvii. E. Roxburghii, W. <k A. Prodr. 157 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 38 :
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 48; Wight Lll. 178, t. 71; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. 67 ; Fl. Sylv. 148 ; Brand. For. Fl. 82. E. paniculatum,
W. (& A. Prodr. 157. E. oxy odon, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nai. Mosc. 1863, pt. i.
603. Celastrus glaucus, Vahl Symb. ii. 42. Mangifera glauca, Rotlb. in
Nov. Act. Ham. ii. 534, t. 4, f. i. Euonymus grossa, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. lnd.
ed. Carey, ii. 408 ; Cat. 4291. E. Tina, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4292. Neerija
dichotoma, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 646. Rhamnus Neerija, Spreng. Syst. Veg.
Suppl. 86. Schrebera albens, WUld. Sp. PI. i. 1092.
Throughout the hotter parts of India and Ceylon. — Distrib, Malay Archipelago.
Leaves 2-6 by f-2^ in., elliptic or ovate, acute or acuminate, crenate or nearly entire,
membranous or subcoriaceous. Flowers in diffuse dichotomous cymes. Fruit woody,
obovoid, 4 in., tipped at the apex with the persistent style, 1-celled, 1-seeded. — So far
as foliage is concCTned this is a most variable species.
Var. 1. moniiiBum, Thwaites Enum. 73 ; fruit | in. globose very hard and woody
1-celled l-seede<M)rown. — Ceylon, in hot drier parts of the Island.
Var. 2. leaves 2^ by 1 in. oblong-elliptic subacuminate, fruit ^ in. round succulent
2-celled black. — Canara, Ritchie.
11. XZIPPOCRATISA, Linn.
Small trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled; stipules
small, caducous. Flowers small, white or greenish, disposed in axillary
cymes, more rarely in terminal cymose panicles. Calyx small, 5-partea.
Petals 5, spreading, much larger than the calyx, imbricate or valvate.
Stamens 3, recurved, lying in the grooves of the ovary. Disk conical or
cupular. Ovary surrounded by the disk, 3-celled ; style very short or 0,
stigmas 1-3 ; ovules 2-10 in each cell, in 2-series, inserted on the inner angle.
Fruit of 3-flattened carpels connate at the base, usually dehiscent. Seeds
compressed, usually winged below, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Species about
60, natives of the tropics of both hemispheres.
* Petals \-^ in.— Shrubs with climbing branches.
1. K. obtusifolla, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 166; calyx-lobes triangular,
petals i in. subulate puberulous. W. & A. Prodr. 104 ; Wight Lll. i. 134 ;
Lc. t. 936 ; DC. Prodr. i. 569 ; Thwaites Enum. 52. H. barbata, F. MueU.
624 XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. La^ysoIl.) \HippoGratea,
in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. iii. 23. H. ? grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 4213. H.
rigida, Hamp. H. tortuosa, Wall. Cat. 4216. H. volubilis, Heym in Wall.
Cat. 4215 {not of Linnceus). Salacia lajvigata, Wight in Hook. not. Misc. iii
295 ; Siqij^l. t. xxxvi. {nori DC).
Eastern and Western Peninsulas, from Tenasserim and the Concan southwards.
SiLHET, Wallich. — DiSTRiB. Malay Archipelago, China, Australia, tropical Africa.
A climbing shrub; young branches often quadrangular. Zeaves 2-5 by 1-24 in.,
elliptic or oblong, obtuse, acute or shortly acuminate, crenate-serrate or entire, glabrous,
coriaceous. Flowers in dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Cahjx-hhes entire.
Disk puberulous. Ovules 6 in each cell. Carpels 1^-2 in., obovoid, emarginate,
striate, 4-6-seeded.
2. B. Cumlngril, Laws.; calyx-lobes round, petals \ in. subulate
puberulous outside inside covered with rust-coloured hairs for the upper
three-fourths glabrous below.
Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Philippines.
A climbing shrub. Leaves 3-4 by 1^-2 in., elliptic, acute or subacuminate, glabrous,
coriaceous, entire. Flowers in dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Calyx-
lobes very short, glabrous, entire. Disk with a ring of hairs at the base of the stamens,
otherwise glabrous. Fruit f
3. R. Xiobbli, Laws. ; calyx-lobes elliptic-oblong, petals elliptic-ovate
slightly cohering at the base entirely covered on the inside with dense
cinereous hairs.
Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Lohb.
A. climbing shrub? Leaves 3-4 by f-2 in., broadly elliptic, subacuminate, entirely
glabrous. Cyvies 2-3 times divided, shorter than the leaves. Calyx-lobes entire,
pubescent. Tetals ^ in. Anthers almost sessile. Fndt f
4. K. Amottiana, Wight TU. i. 133, t. 46-47 ; calyx-lobes orbicular-
ovate, petals I in. shortly clawed cordate very concave with involute
margins. Salacia terminalis, Thwaites Enum. 407.
Western Peninsula ; Quilon, Wight ; Canara, Plant. Hohenacker. Ceylon, near
Galle, Thwaites.
A climbing shrub, glabrous in every part. Leaves 3-3 by 1^-21 in., elliptic, acute
or subacuminate, very coiiaceous, entire or faintly crenate, glabrous. Cymes axillary
or panicled. Calyx-lobts entire. Fruit 24 in., oblong, emarginate.
** Flowers very nuTnerous. Petals -^ in. or less. — Shrubs with cUmhing
brandies.
5. K. Grahami, Wight III. i. 134; Ic. t. 380; cymes diffuse panicled
longer than the leaves, calyx-lobes orbicular shari)ly crenate.' Dalz. <£•
Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 32. H. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 4214. Salacia paniculata.
Wall. Cat. 4214, B inj^art.
Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards, Wight, &c. ? A^ssam and
? SiLiiET, Wallich.
A clmbing shrub. Leaves 3-5 by lJ-2 in., ovate-elliptic, acute or subacuminate,
entire, coriaceous, glabrous. Petals ^^^ in., very shortly clawed, linear-oblong, gla-
brous. Anthers subsessile. Disk glabrous. Fruit 3 by ^ in., linear-oblong, emarginate.
Var. Leaves 4 in. lanceolate-acuminate, flowers in slender divaricating panicles
twice the length of the leaves, fruit 2% in. narrowly elliptic. — Assam, Griffith.
6. K. indica, WiUd. S]^. PI. i. 193 ; leaves 1^-2| by |-1| in., cymes very
slender dichotomous shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes triangular entire,
fruit 1-1| in. DC Prodr. i. 568 ; Roxb. FL Did. i. 165 ; Cor. PI. ii. t. 130;
Hippocratea.] XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 625
W. & A. Prodr. 104: Dak. <fc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 32; Tkwaites Enum. 52;
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 368; Brand. For. Fl. 83. H. disperma, Vald
Enum. ii. 28; Wall. Cat. 4210 in part. H. euonyraoides, Vahl Enum. ii.
28. H. obtusifolia, Uoxb. Wall. Cat. 4211. Tonsella disperma, Poir.—
Celastrinea ? Wall. Cat. 9013.
In the hotter parts of India from Behar, the Concan, and Tenasserim southwards,
and m Ceylon. — Distrib, Malay Archipelago and Africa.
A shrub with climbing branches. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute or subacu-
minate or lanceolate, finely serrate, membranoGs, glabrous. Floivers glabrous, exceed-
ingly small. Cymes many times divided ; partial cymes subumbellate. Petals -^ in.,
usually 6, elliptic oval-oblong, concave. Ovules 2-4 la each cell. Fruit oblong. Wall.
Cat. 4111 B ? is evidently the same plant. ""^^^
7. K. arborea, Uoxb. Hort. Beng. 5 ; Fl. Ind. i. 167 ; Cor. PI. t. 205 ;
leaves 4-7 by 2|-3i in., cymes and fruit 3 in. Wall. Cat. 4212; DC.
Prodr. 569; Brand. Fw. Fl. 83. % H. disperma, Wall. Cat. 4212 B.
Interior parts of India, Boxh. ; Bhotan and the Khasia Mts., Griffith f Morung Mts.,
Hamilton.
Subarboreous, with climbing branches. Leaves ovate-elliptic, subacuminate, serrate,
membranous, glabrous. Fruit of 3 carpels, cuneiform, 3 by 1 J in. — This ought probably
to be considered a variety of H. indica, from which it differs apparently in nothing but
size. In the description given by lioxburgh of H. obtusifolia (Fl. Ind. i. 166) the
flowers are those of IT. indica proper, while the leaves belong to H. obtusifolia, Wight.
*** Erect
8. K. malng'ayi,''Za2i's. ; cymes 3-flowered, racemose.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. ? Borneo.
Branches terete. Leaves 3 by | in., lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous. Carpels tri
quetrous, 4-5 in., woody. Seeds Z\-A\ in., oblong.
12.
S ALACIA, Linn. ^J^ .fU^.^.^-^dj^^^ '
Scandent or sarmentose shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
exstipulate. Flowers few or many, clustered in the axils of the leaves or
extra-axillary, more rarely in cymes. Calyx small, 5-parted, Petals 5,
imbricate. Stamens 3, rarely 2 or 4, continuous with the disk, recurved.
Ovary conical, immersed in the disk, 3-celled ; style very short, stigma
simple or 3-lobed ; ovules 2-8 in each cell, in 1-2 series, inserted on the inner
angle. i^?^?a^ baccate, 1-3-celled, sub-woody or fleshy. Seeds large, angular.
— DisTKiB. tSpecies about 70, natives of the tropics of both hemispheres.
* Flowers 1-6 from an axillary or extra-axillary tubercle.
a. Leaves coriaceous mostly 6-12 in.
1. S. flavescens, Kttrz inJourn. As.^Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 300 ; leaves
6-12 by 2-3|in. oblong-lanceolate acute or subacuminate margins recurved,
flowers about 3 very small. Dryptopetalum coriaceum, Am. in Ann.
Nat. Hist. i. 373. Microtropis coriacea, Wall. Cat. 4338. M. longifolia,
Wall. Cat. 4339, in part.
Eastern Peninsula, from Tenasserim, Gomez, &c., to Penang, Wollich, &c.
A small tree with black branches. Leaves green glabrous and shining above, paler
beneath, drying light-yellow. Flowers axillary and extra- axillary, sessile or on pedicels
under J in. Fruit ? The dark stems and light-coloured leaves, together with a general
aspect of a Microtropis, serve to distinguish this species from its allies.
VOL. I. S S
^2Q XLi. CELASTiUNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Salacia.
2. S. long-ifolia, Hook f. mss. {not Wall.) ; leaves 6-14 by 2-4 in.
elliptic-lanceolate acute or subacuminate margins recurved, flowers 3-6
large.
Malav, Mainfiay; Vevang^ Phillips ; Prince of Wales Island ?
A small tree \viih rather coarse p;ile-coloured branches. Leaves pale-brown when
dry, glabrous, coriaceous, shining benciith and finely reticulated. Floivers axillary or
extra-axillary, usually sessile but sometimes on pedicels J-^ in. Petals obovate, \-it in.
3. S. grandiflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 300 ; leaves
6-12 by 22-4 in. oblong \vitli a short obtusely-cuspidate reflexed apex
margins recurved, flowers lafl&r
Tenasskrim, Kurz; Malacca, Griff, and Maingay; Pexano, Phillips.
A small tree. ^ Leaves very coriaceous, glabrous and shining, finely reticulated.
Flowers 1-3 axillary and extra-axillary, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, the largest
in the genus. Petals ^ in., roundly obovate. Fruit 1-2 in. diam., black, sniootli. —
Closely allied to /S'. longijolia, of which it is perhaps only a variety. Mainj^ay's speci
men, No. 40], from Malacca, has pale-green leaves and a rough light -coloured fruit ; it
is perhaps a distinct species.^
b. Leaves coriaceous \\-bin. rarely more,
4. S. Ittaing-ayi, Laws. ; leaves 1^2 by \\ in. ovate subacute entire,
flowers 1-3 in each axil thick and fleshy, pedicels stout \-'i in., petals ^ in.
roundly-oblong.
Penang, Maingay.
A scandeut shrul). . Branches terete, rough with minute tubercular warts. Leaves
very coriaceous, drying black. Fruit f
6. S. Xiobbil, Laws. ; leaves 3-3^ bv 1-1 f in. elliptic-oblong with a short
obtuse point entire, powers 1-3 in each axil thick and fleshy, pedicels stout
1-1^ in., petals i in. roundly ovate subcordate at the base.
Singapore, Lobb.
An erect shrub. Branches terete, covered with minute warts. Leaves not drying
black. Fruit f
^£^^ grinoWeSj^DC'. Frodr. I 571; leaves l|-3 by f-li in. oblong
obtuseT^- :iijui)imate 'senate, flowers 3-6 from each tubercle, pedicels under
K in., petals ; in. broadly ovate, fruit the size of a small cherry smooth.
Wall. Cat 4219; W. <k A. Frodr. 105; Dalz. d- GUjs. B(/nib. Fl. 33.
S. podopetala, Tarcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. 581. S. Wightiana,
Wall. Cat. 4221. Johnia coromandeliana, Foxb. Fl. Ind. i. 169; DC.
Frodr. i. 571. Tonsella prinoides, Willd. in Act. Ac. Cur. Ber. iv. 184.
SiLHET and the Khasia Mts., H.f. & T. ; Eastern and Western Peninsula, and
Ceylon. — Distuib. Java and the Philippine Islands.
A small ptraggling \tm'. or large climbing shrub. i/eawe« very coriaceous. Flowers
mostly axillary. Sepals puberulous, ciliate. Petals unguiculate, entire. Fruit globose,
1-celIed, l-s(5eded, black.
7. S. Brunoniana, W. d- A. Frodr. 105 ; leaves 2-3 by f-1 in. oblong
or elliptic obtuse or with a short obtuse acuiiiination faintly serrate,
flowers 1-2 in each axil, pedicels under | in. slender, petals i in. ovate from
a broad base margins incurved when dry. Wall. Cat. 4217 E ? ; Dalz.
d' Gibs. Bomb. FL 33.
Western Peninsula, Sb. Wight ; Earn Ghaut, Dahel d Gibson.
A scandent shrub with black rigid divaricating branches, rough with minute reddish
Salacia.] XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) Q27
warts. Leaves black when dry. Fruit ?—S. Flnlaysonii, Wall. Cat- 4220, which ap-
pears to be nearly allied to this species, is not Indian.
8. S. Roxburgrhli, Wall. Cat. 4217 ; leaves 3-6 by f-2 in. oblong-
lanceolate or elliptic-oblong caudate-acuminate entire or very faintly
serrate, flowers 3-6 in each axil, pedicels under \ in. petals yV in- roundly
obovate, fruit lf-2 in. diam. smooth. W. & A. Prodr. 105 ; Dalz. (k Gibs.
Bomh. Ft. 33. ] S. chinensis, L. ; DC. Prodr. 571.? S. cochinchinensis,
Lour. DC. Prodr. i, 571. 1 Indeterminata, Wall. Cat. 4291. Johnia sala
cioides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 168 ; DC. Prodr. i. 571.
A scandent shrub. Branches pale-brown with wrinkled bark, Sepals glabrous,
entire. Fruit globose, 2-3-seeded. — This is the true S. Roxhurghii of Wall. Cat.,
and seems to be confined to the N.E. of India, so that the specimen in Uyne's Herba-
rium alluded to by Wight & Arnott was probably not of his own gathering.
9. S. ovalis, Laws. ; leaves 3-4 by l|--2 in. elliptic-obtuse or rounded
at both ends entire, flowers 3-6 in each axil, pedicels under \ in. slender,
petals ^ in. ovate.
Malacca, Maingay.
A scandent shrub with smooth black pruinose branches. Leaves subcoriaceouSj pale-
coloured. Fruit ?
10. S. rubra, Laws. ; leaves 2-3 by l-ll^ in. elliptic-lanceolate pointed
at both ends entire, fruit 1^ in. diam. rugose bright red.
Malacca, Maingay.
A scandent? shrub with coarse pale-coloured branches. Flowers f Fruit 2-seeded.
11. S. reticulata, Wight III. i. 134; leaves 2|-4 by l-2i in. elliptic or
subovate rounded at the apex or with a short obtuse point very faintly
serrate or entire shining above finely reticulated beneath, flowers 6 in
each axil, pedicels under | in., petals ovate acute | in., fruit 2 in. diam.
tuberculate. Tkwaites Enum. 53.
Western Peninsula ; Quilon, Wight; Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft.
A scandent shrub with blackish branches. JSepals glabrous, entire.
Var. diandra, Thwaites Enum, 53 (sp.) ; leaves smaller, less coriaceous ; stamens 2.
c. Leaves membranous.
12. S. mexubranacea, Laws. ; leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in. elliptic entire.
Sikkim, Herh. Griffith; Khasia, 2-3000 ft., H f. & T.
A scandent shrub with slender stems and branches. Branches completely covered
with minute pale-coloured warts. Leaves flat, shining, and very finely reticulated on
both sides. Flowers ? Fruit 1^ in. diam., green. Seeds yellow in a subfleshy pulp. —
■ Apparently intermediate between >6'. Boxburghii and S. viminea, but approaching the
latter most closely.
13. S. ? vlmlnea. Wall. Cat. .7267; leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in. elliptic-
lanceolate obtusely subacuminate crenate.
Mergui, Griffith; Moulmein, Griffith; Tenasserim and Andaman, Heifer.
A scandent shrub ? with exceedingly slender branches. Leaves shining above,
finely reticulated beneath. Flowers 1-3 together, axillary or extra-axillary, flat, mem-
branous or submembranous. Pedicels xV~^ iii-> "^©ry slender. Fruit ?
** Flowers very numerous from an axillary or extra-axillary tubercle.
14. S. multiflora, Wight III. I 134; whole plant pale-coloured, pedicel^
1 in. very slender.
ss2
628 XLi. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Salacia.
Tekasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.
A scandent? shrub, with very light-coloured branches and leaves. Leaves 6-9 by
2|-4 in., elliptic-oblong, acute, entire, margins slightly recurved, membranous or sub-
coriaceous. Petals i in., orbicular. Ovules about 8 in each cell. Fruit ? — Resembling
JS. flavescens, but readily distinguished by its numerous flowers and long slender
pedicels,
15. S. verrucosa, Wight El. i. 134; whole plant drying nearly black,
branches covered with minute rough warts, pedicels slender \-\ in. S.
memecyloides, Wall. Cat. 4218.
Tevasserim, at Moulmein and Mergni, Griffith, &c. — Ptstrtb. Philippine Islands.
A shrub. Leaves '6\-b by 1^-2^ in., elliptic-f>blong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse at
the apex or with a short obtuse acumen, entire or faintly serrate, very coriaceous.
Flowers from chiefly extra axillary tubercles. Cali/x-lobes fringed with rust-coloured
hairs. Petals J in., oblong-ovate, obtuse. Ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit | in. diam.,
Bubgbbose, smooth, black.
16. S. macrosperma, Wight Ic. t. 962 ; whole plant drying nearly
black, branches without warts, pedicels stoutish usually under | in.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards.
A diffuse rambling shnib. Leaves 34-5 by 1^-2^ in., oblong-elliptic, shortly and
obtusely acuminate, entire, very coriaceous. Flowers chiefly from extra-axillary
tubercles. Cah/x-lohes fiinsed with rust-coloured hairs. Petals rather smaller than in
/S'. yerrwcoi'ja, ovate, obtuse from a broad base. Ovules 2 m each ceW. Fruit 1-1 4 in.
diam., globose, rugulose, black. — Wight says that the calyx-lobes are not fringi^d in
this species, but in some of his own specimens they are distinctly ciliated. Very
closely indeed allied to aS. verrucosa.
*** Peduncles under \ in. 3-flowered.
17. S. oblong-a,' Wall. Cat. 4226; IF. d: A. Prodr. 106; Wiqht III. t.
47 B ; Thvaites Enum. 53 ; iJalz. I- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 33 : Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. Ixvii. t. x. iv. S. oppositifolia, Rotll. ; Wight Ic. t. 97. S. pomi-
fera, Wall. Cat. 4227, 7iot W. <k A.
Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. Ceylon, in the hotter parts of
the island.
A small glabrous tree or shrub. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 in., elliptic-oblong, rounded at
the apex or with a very short obtuse acumen, slightly serrate, subcoriaceous, turning
yellow when (ij»y. Flowers sometimes sessile in the axils of the leaves owing to the
extreme shortnessyof the common peduncle. Calyx-lobes rounded, glabrous, entire.
Petals about ^ in., broadly elliptic, serrate. Ovules 4 in each cell. Fruit 2-2^ in. diam.,
tuberculate, light-brown. iSeeds about 8.
**** Flowers in branching cymes.
18. S. fruticosa, Ilei/ne in Wall. Cat. 4223 (under Tonsella) ; flowers
in dichotomously branched cymes | in.
Western Peninsula ; Canara, Ilerh. HohenacJcer, Kurz, Bottler.
A scandent shrub. Leaves 3^ by I4 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acute, or shortly and
obtu.sely acuminate, serrate, chartaceous. Petals ^V i^- diam., orbicular, with a white
border. Fruit 1^ — Closely allied to S. fiorihunda, of which it may be a variety.
19. S. Griffithii, Laws. ; flowers in divaricating cymes 4 in. long.
Habitat unknown. — Herb. Griffith.
Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., oblonj; -elliptic, shortly acuminate, crenate-Fcrrate, sub-
coriaceous. Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse. Ovules 2, superposed. Fruit !
Salacia.\ XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 629
20. S. floribunda, Wight III. i. 134 ; flowers small umbellate in di-tri-
chotomous cymes. S. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 4224. S. longifolia, Wall. Cat.
4225. S. pomifera, W. & A. Prodr. 105. % non Wall.
SiLHET, De S'dva; Assam and the Khasia Mts., Griffith, &c. ; Tenasserim, at
Mergui, Griffith.
A scandent shrub. Leaves 3-6 by |-2f in., elliptic-lanceolate, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, serrate, subcoriaceous, shining. Petals orbicular. Ovules 2 in each cell.
Fruit 1^ in. diam., globose, black.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
S. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 4222 ; leaves 2^3 by lf-2 in., flowers?
fruit ripe? the size of a cherry pyriform smooth.
Singapore, Wallich.
13. SXPKONODON, Griff.
A small glabrous tree. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, entire or cre-
nate ; stipules minute, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, short, 3-4-flowered.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk not distinct from the base of the
calyx. Stamens 5, connivent round the pistil, filaments flattened. Ovary
half immersed in the disk, conical, the summit hollowed out and stigma-
tose in the cavity round a central column, cells numerous in 2-4 series ;
ovules solitary in each cell, ascending and pendulous. Drupe globose, hard
and fleshy, with numerous 1-seeded bony stones superposed in rings round
the central axis, testa membranous, albumen sub-horny. — Disteib. Species
2 ; Malayan Peninsula, Java, Australia.
Mr. Bentham in his Flora Australiensis remarks that the ovary must probably be
regarded as being 5-celled, with many ovules in each cell separated by spurious trans-
verse dissepiments.
1. S. celastrineus, Griff, in Cole. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 247, t. 14;
Wall. Cat. 9019 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii. 592 j Hook.f. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxii. t. 26. Astrogyne coriacea, Wall. inss.
Pegu, Kurz ; Penang, Griffith. — Distrib. Java.
Leaves 4-8 by 2-2^ in., oblong or oblong-elliptic, acute or subacuminate, crenate-
serrate, coriaceous. Peduncles under 1 in. Flowers yellowish. Fruit globose, 1-1 ^ in.
Order XLII. RHAMNE.S:. (By M. A. Lawson, M.A., F.L.S.)
Shrubs or trees, erect or scandent (cirrhose in Gottania). Branches un-
armed spinous or aculeate. Leaves simple, alternate (opposite or sub-
opposite in Scutia and Sageretia) usually coriaceous, often 3-5-nerved ; sti-
pules small, deciduous or changed into prickles. Flowers hermaphrodite or
polygamous, small, greenish, in lax or dense axillary cymes, which are
solitary or disposed in spikes or panicles. Calyx 4-5-tid ; lobes triangular,
erect or recurved, usually carinate within, valvate. Petals 4-5, rarely 0,
inserted on the throat of the calyx-tube, usually shorter than its lobes,
cucullate or involute. Stampis 4-5, inserted with the petals and opposite
to them, often enclosed within their folds ; anthers versatile, 2-celled,
dehiscing longitudinally. Disk fleshy and filling the calyx-tube, or thin
and lining it, entire or lobed, glabrous, rarely tomentose. Ovary sessile,
free or immersed in the disk, wholly free from the calyx- tube or more or
630 XLIT. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.)
less adherent to it, 3- rarely 2-4-celled ; style short, simple, or 2-4 cleft ;
ovules 1 in each cell, erect, anatropous, raphe dorsal. Fruit free or girt at
the base or middle by the adhering calyx-tube, 3- more rarely 1-4-celled,
capsular or a dry or fleshy drupe, sometimes winged. Seed witli fleshy
albumen, rarely exalburainous ; embryo large, erect. — Distrib. Abundant
in the tropical and temperate regions of the world; genera 38, species
above 400.
ViTMANNiA AFRicANA, W. & A. Pvodr. 166 j W. Ic. 490, is a S. African plant, not
Indian.
Tribe I. Ventilag'ineeB. Scandent unarmed shrubs. Leaves alternate.
Dish filling the calyx-tube. Ovarj/ superior or half superior. Fruit dry,
1-celled, 1-seeded, girt at the base or middle by the calyx-tube. Seed
exalbuminous.
Fruit indehiscent, prolonged above into a linear-oblong wing") . , . 1. Ventilago.
Fruit a 2-valved broadly oblong capsule 2. Smythea.
Tbibe II. ZizypbesB. Shrubs or trees. Disk filling the calyx-tube.
Fruit a dry or fleshy drupe with a 1-3-celled stone.
Leaves prominently 3-nerved 3. Zizttphus.
Leaves penninerved 4. Bekciikmia.
Tribe III. Rhainneae. Shrubs or trees. Disk lining or filling the
calyx-tube. Omiry superior or half-superior. Fruit dry or fleshy, of 3,
(rarely 2 or 4) pyrenes or cocci.
* Disk thiUf lining the calyx-tube.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Cymes axillary. Fruit inde-
hiscent 5. Rhamnus.
** Disk fleshy ^jiUing the calyx-tvhe.
Leaves alternate, unequal. Peduncles swollen, fleshy. An unarmed
tree . 6. Hovenia.
Leaves opposite or subopposite. Flowers subumbellate. An unarmed
or prickly shrub 7. Scutia.
Leaves opposite or subopposite. Flowers sessile in terminal panicles.
Unarmed or spinous shrubs 8. Sageretia.
Leaves alternate. Peduncles slender, not fleshy. An unarmed shrub 9. Colubkixa.
Tribe IV. G-ouanieee. Fruit inferior, crowned with the persistent
calyx.
Fruit globose, not winged. Flowers fascicled, forming paniculate
racemes 10. Apteron.
Fruit Swinged. Flowers fascicled, forming paniculate racemes . .11. Gouania.
Fruit ovate, terete. Flowers subumbellate 12. Helinus.
1. VENTZZ.AGO, Gsertn.
Scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, subbifarious. Flowers small, dis-
posed in axillary and terminal (usually leafless) panicles, rarely in the axils
of the leaves. Calyx 5-fid, with spreading internally keeled lobes ; calyx-
tube obconical. Petals 6, obtriangular or cucuUate. Stamem 5, adnate to
the base of the petals. Disk 5-lobed with a free margin. Ovary sunk in
the disk, 2-celledj style very short. Fruit samaroid, the nut subglobose,
Ventilago.l xlii. rhamne2E. (M. A. Lawson.) 631
girt at the base or middle by the adhering calyx-tube, prolonged above into
a linear or linear-oblong coriaceous wing, 1 -celled, i-seeded. Seed sub-
globose, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Species about 10, scattered over the
tropics of Asia, Africa, America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.
1. V. madraspatana, Goertn. Fruct i. 223, t. 49, t 2 ; flowers in slender
simple or paniculate spikes, fruit \\-2 by f in., nut girt at the base.
W. dh A. Prodr. 164 ; Wight Ic. 163 ; Wall Cat. 4268 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 48 ; Thwaites Enum. 74 ; Brandis For. Fl. 96. V. bracteata, Wall.
Cat. 4269.
Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards ; Tenasserim, at Moulmein and
Mergui, Griffith, &c. ; 'Ceylon, commcm in hot dry places. — Distrib. Java.
Young branches and leaves glabrous or only slightly pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by
1-1^ in., oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute or subacuminate, crenate or entire ; costal
nerves 6-8 pair. Calyx slightly puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Ovary with
a few white hairs at the base ; styles nearly straight.
2. V. calyculata, Tidasne in Ann. Sc. Nat Ser. 4, viii. 124 ; flowers
in densely pubescent paniculate spikes, fruit l|-2 by | in. pubescent,
nut girt round the middle. Brandis For. Fl. 96. V. denticulata, W'dld.
Nov. Act. Ber. iii. 417; DC. Prodr. ii 38. V. macrantha, Tidasne in Ann.
Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 123. V. madraspatana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 629 ; Cor.
PI. i. 55, t. 76 ; Wall. Cat. 4268 b ; W. do A. Prodr. 164 not of Goertn.
V. silhetiana, Smithiana, and sulphurea, Tvlasne in Ann. Sc. Nat.
Ser. iv.-viii. 125.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Kumaon Himalaya and Nipal, to
Bhotan, Silhet, Tenasserim, and throughout the Western Peninsula. — Distrib.
Java.
Leaves pubescent, 3f-6 by k-2\ in., ovate or ovate-elliptic, crenate-serrate, with
about 6 pairs of costal nerves. Calyx densely pubescent without, hairy within on the
disk. Ovary densely pubescent ; styles longer than in V. madraspatana and more
diverging. Fruit yellow, often densely pubescent, at length nearly glabrous. — A vari-
able plant so far as the size of the leaves and amount of pubescence go.
3. V. IMCaing'ayi, Laws. ; flowers in long filiform simple or compound
spikes, fruit 3 by f in. glabrous girt below the middle. V. Sp. ; Griff.
Notul. iv. 492.
Tenasserim, Heifer, at Mergui, Griffith; Malacca, Maivgay. _
Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., oblong-lanceolate, entire, coriaceous, with about 10 pairs ot
costal nerves. Nut ^ in. diam., blackish, veined.
4. V. leiocarpa, Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 77 ; flowers in small
axillary clusters or cymes, the upper often forming leafless panicles, fruit
glabrous 1^-21 in., nut girt round the middle. V. madraspatana, Benth.
in Hook. Kew Joum. iv. 42.
BiRMA, Griffith; TEtfAssmu, Heifer ; M ai.acc a, Maingay. — Distrib. Hongkong.^
Leaves ovate to oblong acuminate, crenate serrate or entire, coriaceous, shining, with
about 6 pairs of costal nerves. Fruit ^-J in. diam.
?Var. ; leaves larger ovate or elliptical obtuse, costal nerves about 10 pair. —
Malacca, Maingay ; Trop. Afrj^ca. — Without the fruit it is impossible to be certain that
this is not a distinct species.
6. V. bombalensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. iii. 36 ; young
branches and flowers covered with fulvous tomentum, flowers fascicled in
the axils of the leaves. Dalz. dt Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 48 j Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or,
t, 114.
632 XLTi. rhamneje. \^i*i. a. Lawson.) [Ventilagt.
The CoNCAN ; at Chorla Ghat, Dalzel.
Leaves 3-5 by |-1| in., lanceolate, acute or suhacuminate, crenate, glabrous, with
about 3-4 pairs of costal nerves. Jt^ruit f — Mr. Bentham, in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 77,
suggests that this may be only a side shoot of V. cult/culata, but the shape of the leaves,
the number of the costal nerves, -and Dalzel's supposition that the fruit is larger than in
V. madraspatana, point to its being distinct.
2. SMVTKEA, Seeman.
Scandent shrubs. Floivers fascicled or solitary in the axils of the
leaves. Cdhjx 5-fid ; lobes spreading ; tube obconical. Petals 5, cucuUate,
broadly emarginate, 2-lobed. Stamens 5, not included in the folds of the
petals, filaments incurved. Disk 5-angled, flat. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2,
recurved. Fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded capsule, dehiscing down the middle,
compressed, not winged. Seed flat, large, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Sp. 2,
one Malayan, the other Fijian.
1. S. calpicarpa, KarzinJourn, As, Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 301.
Tenasserim, Heifer.
Branches clothed with fulvous hairs. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 4 in., elliptic-lanceolate,
sometimes shortly acuminate, crenate, slightly pilose on the nerves beneath otherwise
glabrous. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Fruit (immature) 1^ by | in.,
oblong, coriaceous, covered with dense silky fulvous hairs.
3. ZZZYFKUS, Juss.
Trees or shrubs, often decumbent or sarmentose and frequently armed
with sharp, straight or hooked prickles (transformed stipules). Leaves sub-
bifiirious, alternate, usually coriaceous. Flowers fascicled, or in sessile or
pedunculated cymes. Calyx 5-fid, lobes spreading, keeled within ;
tube broadly obconical. Petals 5, rarely 0, cucullate, deflexed. Disk 5-10-
lobed, flat or pitted, with a free margin. Stamens 5. Ovary sunk
in the disk and confluent with it at the base, 2-4-celled; .styles 2-4,
free, or more or less united. Fruit fleshy or dry, with a woody or bony
1-4-seeded 1-4-celled stone. Seed plano-convex, albumen 0, or very
scanty. — Distrlb. Species about 50, found in tropical Asia and America,
and the temperate regions of both hemispheres.
* Flowers in sessile cymes or fascicled in the axils of the leaves.
1. Z. Jujuba, Ijamk. Diet. iii. 318 ; usually armed, leaves 1-2^ by
|-2 m. cllii/oio-ov.ite ovate or suborbicular dark green and glabrous above,
covered beneath with a dense woolly pale-coloured tomentum, fruit
\-'i in. diam. DC. Prodr. ii. 21 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. L 608 ; Wall. Cat. 4244 ;
W. <£' A. Prodr. 162 ; Wi(j]it Ic. t. 99 ; Hook. Joum. Bot. i. 320, t. cxl.
(1834) ; Dah. <k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49 ; Thwaites Fnum. 74 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t.
cxlix. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 13 ; Brandis For. Flm\ 86, t. 17. Z. mauri-
tiana, Herb. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4245 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 21. Z. Sororia,
Schult. Syst. v. 337; DC. Prodr. ii. 21. Z. trinervius, Rotk Nov. Sp. 168,
excl. var. /S. Rhamnus Jujuba, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 36 \ Mheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 40.
Throughout India, from the N.W. frontier, Sindh, and base of the Himalaya to
Ceylon, and Malacca; wild and extensively cultivated. — Disteib. Aifghanistan,
tropical Africa, the Malay Archipelago, China, Australia.
A small tree 30-50 ft. ; young branches and flowers covered with a dense fuscous
tomentum. PricJdes soUtary and straight, or geminate and then one shorter and
recurved. Cymes ^ in. long. CaZi/.^ glabrous within. PefaZs subspathulate, very con-
cave, reflexed. Disk of 10 grooved lobes. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to the
Zizyphus.l XLii. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 633
middle. Fruit globose, 2-celled, flesliv and mealy, glabrous. — There are many culti-
vated varieties, differing greatly in the shape and size of the leaves, as also in the size
and nature of the fruit, of which the most remarkable is Edgeworth's var. Hysudricvs
(Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, 201), with erect or spreading not drooping branches, obtuse ovate
oblong or orbicular leaves, glabrous or slightly tomentose beneath, and long petioles.
This, according to Aitchison, is always raised by grafts. Two other varieties are de-
scribed by Edgeworth — viz., kortensis and spontaneus.
2. Z. grlabrata, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 159 ; unarmed, leaves 1-3
by 3-14 ill- elliptic glabrous on both sides, fruit under \ in. in diameter,
W. & A. Frodr. 162 ; Wight Ic. t. 282 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixviii.
Z. trinervius, var. /S, Roth. Nov. Sp. 159. Z. trinervia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i.
606, not Poir. ; Wall. Cat. 4231,
Eastern Bengal and Bhotan, Griffith; Western Peninsula, Nilghiri Mts.,
VJight, &c,
A tree. Leaves obtusely serrate, coriaceous, glossy, dark-green, with 3 unbranched
prominent nerves. Flowers slightly puberulous, yellowish; cymes 4 in- long. Petals
obtriangular with convolute margins. Disk faintly 10-lobed, not pitted or grooved,
glabrous. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, united to the middle. Fruit globose, yellow?,
with a sweet gelatinous pulp, 1-2-celled. — In some few cases the ^cymes are shortly
pedunculate.
3. Z. nuxnxnularia, W.& A. Prodr. 162 ; profusely armed, leaves \-\ in.
ovate to orbicular covered with a short velvety tomentum on both sides,
fruit f in. diam. Dalz. <Ss Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. Ixix. ; Boiss. Fl. Ori&)it. ii. 13 ; Brandts For. Fl. 88. Z. Lotus, Lamk. ;
Aitch. Cat. 33. Z. microphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind.i. 613; Wall. Cat. 4232.
Z. rotundif olia, Zaw^. Diet. iii. 319; DC. Prodr. ii. 21. Rhamnus nummu-
laria, Burm. Fl. Ind. 61.
The Panjab, ascending to 3000 ft. ; Goozerat, and the Western Peninsula, from
the Deccan and Concan southwards. — Distrib. Persia.
A shrub, with widely-divaricating flexuous branches ; young branches puberulous.
Leaves serrate, dark-green and velvety above, pale and more felted beneath. Cymes
under \ in. Petals obovate with convolute margins. Disk 10-lobed with a pit oppo-
site each lobe. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to above the middle. Fruit globose,
woody, black, 2-celled. — Much used for fencing, and the sweet subacid fruit as food,
especially in famine time. I follow Wight and Arnott in adopting Burmann's specific
name ; though perhaps Lamarck's should be adopted.
4. Z. wynadensis, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. 23. t. cxiv. ; unarmed,
leaves 1^-2 by | in. elliptic-lanceolate glabrous and shining above
slightly hairy on the nerves beneath.
Western Peninsula ; dense forests of the Wynaad, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome.
A lofty tree, the young shoots and flowers covered with a fulvous tomentum. Leaves
finely reticulated beneath, penninerved, with hairy glands in the axils of the main
nerves. Flowers fascicled, forming dense axillary clusters. Petals 3-lobed with con-
volute margins. Dis/o hairy, 5-angled, not pitted. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, di^dded
to nearly the base. Fruit ?
5. Z. vulg-aris, Lamk. Diet. iii. 316; armed, leaves |-2| in. sub-
obliquely ovate obtuse or subacute crenate-serrate glabrous on both sides,
fruit \ in. in diam. Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. 609; Sibth. Fl. Grcec. i. 159, t. 241 ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 12. Z, flexuosa, Wall, in Roxb. Ft. hid. ed. Carey, ii.
365 ; Cat. 4229. Z. nitida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I 609. Z. sativa, Gcertn. Friict. i.
202. ? Z, sinensis, Lamk. Diet. iii. 317.
P.«NJAB, extending to the Western frontier ; the Panjab Himalaya, Falconer, &c. ;
ascending to 6500 It. ; wild and cultivated, extending to Bengal. — Distkib. Beluchistan,
W. Asia, China, Japan, S. Europe.
634 XL IT. RHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Zizijphus.
A shrub or small tree, with rigid spreading boughs and stiff branches, which are
often unarmed, the whdle plant quite glabrous. Prickles usually geminate, the straight
one often over 1 in. long, stout. Flowers few, fascicled in the .axils of the leaves.
Petals cucullate. Disk thin, obscurely 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to
the middle. Fruit globose or oUong, succulent, red or black, shining. — Z. nitida, Roxb.,
©f China, is said to have a yellow fruit.
6. Z. oxyphylla, Edgeiv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 43 ; armed, leaves
1-2 in. obliquely ovate acute or subacuminate glabrous on both sides,
fruit elliptic f in. long. Brandis For. Fl. 85. Z. acuminata, Koyle III. i.
168 {name only).
Hazarah, FalcoTwr ; Temperate Himalaya, in Sinnor and Garwhal, ascending to
6000 ft., Falconer, Edgeworth, &c.
A shrub or small tree, 25-30 ft., resembling Z. vulgaris in habit; whole plant quite
glabrous. Prickles usually geminate, the straight one \ in. long, slender. Leaves
finely crenate-serrate. Flowers fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Petals and disk
as in Z. vulgaris. Fruit 1-ceIled, l-seeded, subfleshy, black, very acid ; stone thiu and
crustaceous, flattened.
7. Z. CEnoplia, Mill. Gard. Did. No. 3 • armed, leaves 1-2| by f-l in.
very obliquely ovate-lanceolate acute with a short soft pubescence above, and
long silky appressed fulvous hairs beneath, fruit \ in. diam. DC. Prodr. ii.
21; lioxb. Fl. hid. i. 611 ; Wall. Cat. 4246; Don Prodr. 190; W. d' A.
Prodr. 163; Dalz. d: Gihs. Bomb. Fl. 49; Thvaites Enum. 74; Bedd. Fl.
JSglv. Anal. Ge7i. Ixix. ; Brandis For. Fl. 86. Z. albens, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i.
607. Z. celtidifolia, DC Prodr. ii. 20. Z. ferruginea. Heme in Wall,
Cat. 4246 B, in part. Z. Napeca, Boxb. Fl. Ind.i. 612, not WUld. ; Roth
Nov. &). 159. Z. pallens. Wall. Cat. 4247 I Z. pedicellata. Wall. Cat.
4243. Z. rufula, Miq. PY. Ind. Bat. i. 643. Z. scandens, Roxb. Ilort.
Beng. 17; Wcdl. Cat. 72S9. Rliamnus CEnoplia, Linn. Sp. PL 282.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Panjab and the N.W. Himalaya to
Assam and southwards to Ceylon and Malacca. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and
Australia.
A shrub with straggling often climbing branches, the young ones strigose or oftener
covered with a rust-coloured pubescence. Leaves crenate-serrate. Prickles solitary,
very short, recurved. Cymes under J in. long. Flowers glabrous within. Petals ob-
triangular, cucullate. Ovary 2 -ceWed; styles 2, luiited to above the middle. Fruit
1- rarely 2-celled, black and shining, globose or obovoid ; stone woody or bony.
** Flowers in pedunculate axillary cymes {see 2. glabrata).
8. Z. xylopyrus, Willd. Sp. PI. 1104; armed or on the younger
branches often unarmed, branches inflorescence and fruit covered with a
short greyish tomentum, leaves H-3^ in. broadly-elliptic orbicular or ob-
ovate glabrous and dark above covered with a soft pale pubescence beneath,
fruit U-l in. diam. Roxb. P\ Ind. I 611; Wall. Cat. 4239; DC.
Prodr. ii. 21; W. & A. Prodr. 162; Dalz. dh Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49;
Thwaites Enum. 74; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixviii. ; Brandis For.
Fl. 90. Z. Caracutta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 612; Wall. Cat. 4238. Z. cuneata,
Wall. Cat. 726S. Z. elliptica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 610. Z. orbicularis,
Schidt. iSyst. v. 338; DC. Prodr. ii 21. Z. ruminata, Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 4236. Z. rotundifolia, Roth Nov. Sp. 160. Rliamnus xylopyrus,
RetzObs. ii. 11.
North-West India, Eoyle, Edgeworth. Nipal, Wallich; Banda, Rajpootana,
OuDE, ascending to 2000 ft. ; Behar, Western Peninsula, from the Concan south-
wards. Ceylon, in hot dry places. ^
A large straggling shrub or Muall tree, often greganous, deciduous. Leaves slightly
obhque, rounded or subcordate at the base, serrulate. Prickles usually geminate, one
^zypJius.] XLii. RHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 635
straight the other recurved, glabrous. Cymes compact, 1-1| in. Flowers sometimes
4-merous. Calyx glabrous within. Petals subspathulate, very concave, reflexed. Disk
thin, 5-angled. Ovary 3- rarely 2- or 4-celled ; styles usually 3, divided to near the
base. Fmit globose, 3- rarely 2- or 4-celled, very hard and woody and covered with a
dense almost felted grey or whitish tomentum.
Var. ; branches leaves and fruit nearly glabrous, fruit oblong or round. — Perhaps the
Z, Caracutta of Eoxburgh.
9. Z. Napeca, Willd. Sp. PI. 1104; profusely armed, branches inflo-
rescence and petioles covered with spreading rusty hispid hairs, leaves
li-2i by |-1| in. elliptic obtuse or very shortly cuspidate finely serrulate
dark and glabrous on both surfaces, styles 2. Rhamnus Napeca, Linn. Sp.
194 ; Fl. Zeylan. 87.
Ceylox, Herb. Linncem.
A straggling shrub. Leaves slightly oblique, rounded at the base, glabrous or when
young slightly hispid on the nerves beneath. Prickles solitary or geminate, stout, hairy,
dark, both recurved. Styles equalling the ovary, arms recurved. Fruit f — This, by
inspection of the specimens preserved in Hermann's Herbarium, I have determined to
be the true Z. Napeca of Linn»us. No modern collector has sent it from Ceylon,
whence it may be suspected that the habitat is erroneous.
10. Z. lucida, Moon Cat. 17 ; armed, leaves 2-2^ by f-li in. ovate-lan-
ceolate glabrous above hairy on the veins beneath, styles Sy^g in. divided to
the middle, fruit I in. diam. Thwaites Enum. 74. ,
Ceylon, Walker, Thwaites.
A prickly shrub. Branches far climbing, round, glabrous or hairy when young, black.
Leaves oblique, crenate-serrate with a minute bristle in each crenature, minutely apicu -
late. Prickles soHtary, very short, recurved. Flowers in pedunculated cymes about
1 in. very hairy. Petals ^^ in., deeply cuculate on a slender claw. Disk faintly
5-angled, not pitted. Fruit globose, black, smooth. — ^Very closely allied to Z. Napeca.
11. Z. Xiinneei, Laws.; armed, leaves l|-2 by f-l^ in. ovate glabrous
and shining, styles 4 exceedingly minute. Z. Napeca, Linn. Hevh, not
Herb. Hermann.
Ceylon, Walker.
A prickly shrub. Branches round, glabrous, pale. Leaves nearly symmetrical, crenate
without the bristles and not apiculate, pale green. Prickles solitary, very short, re-
curved. Cymes shortly -pedunculed, about 1 in., nearly glabrous. FZoi<;ers larger than
in Z. lucida. Petals deeply cuculate, but on rather less slender claws. Disk faintly
5-angled, not pitted. Fruit f — This is the.^. Napeca in the Linn. Berh., but not of
Hermann's herbarium.
12. Z. incurva, Foxb. Fl. Ind. i. 614; armed, leaves 2-3| by 1-1| in.
ovate or ovate-oblong acute or subacuminate glabrous, petals 5, ovary
2-celled, styles 2, fruit f in. long. DC. Prodr. ii. 20 : Don Prodr. 189 :
Wall. Vat. 4.2^1.
NiPAL, Wallich; Bhotan, Griffith; Western Peninsula, Nilghiri Mts., Herb.
Hohenacker.
A tree ? Leaves crenate-serrate, membranous, turning black in drying. Cymea
f in. Calyx hairy outside, glabrous within. Petals subcucullate. Disk 10-lobed,
with a pit opposite each lobe. Styles divided to the middle. Fruit ellipsoid, woody,
2-celled, 2-seeded.
13. Z. apetala, Hook f. ; armed, leaves 2^-4 by 1-1 1 in. obliquely-
ovate acute or acuminate glabrous, petals 0.
SiKKiM Himalaya, J. D. H.
A shrub ; young branches and flowers covered with ferruginous pubescence. Leaves
crenate-serrate, membranous. Prickles recurved, very short and sharp, base broad.
636 XLii. RHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Zizyphus,
Cymes \^m. CaZya; hairy inside. ZH'-s^ 5-lobed, corrugated, hairy. 6>yar^ 2 -celled;
styles 2, united to a little above the middle.
14. Z. horrida, Roth Nov. Sp. 159 ; profusely armed, leaves f-li
by 1-1 in. suborbicular glabrous, petals 5, ovaiy 3-celled, styles 3 minute,
fruit I in. diam. DC. Frodr. ii. 20 ; W. & A. Frodr. 163 %
Western Peninsula, Wight; the Concan, xS'foc^s.
A shrub with slender divaricating branches. Leaves coarsely sen-ate, especially at
the apex. FricMes geminate, very short, straight and recurved, the straight one 4 in.
long or more. Flowers in dense cymes 1 in. long. Calyx hairy outside, glabrous in-
side. Fetals spathulate, concave. Disk 5-angled, not pitted. Styles divided to nearly
the base. Fruit globose, woody, 3-celled, 3-seeded. — Although this description does
not entirely agree with that of Roth, I do not know to what other species his descrip-
tion can apply, Z. Bh under, Boyle 111. i. 168 (name only), is scarcely determinable,
but is apparently closely allied to this species.
*** Flowers in peduncidated cymes^ which are disjyosed in leafless (rarely
leajly) simple or comjX)und spikes.
15. Z. calophylla, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 366 ; armed,
leaves 4-5 by 2-:il in. elliptic-oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate entire
with 3 very prominent unbranched nerves glabrous, petals 5, fruit f in.
diara. Wall. Cat. 4230. Bercheniia calophylla, G. Don Gen. iSyst, ii, 28.
Penano, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo,
A shrub, with climbing branches and black bark ; wholly glabrous with the exception
of the flowers and fruit. Leaves coriaceous, Fricldes solitary, recurved, short, stout,
base broad. Cymes usually disposed in terminal thyrsoid panicles. Calyx hairy out-
side, glabrous within. Fe}als ovate, concave. Disk 5-angleil, not pitted, glabrous.
Ovary 2-celled, puberulous ; styles 2. Fruit globose, woody, covered with a light-
brown pubescence, at length glabrous. — Kurz (in Jmirn. As. Sac. Beng. 1870, ii, 73)
identifies with this species Z. ornata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, i, 642.
16. Z. funiculoBa, Ilam. in Wall. Cat. 4234; armed, leaves 2^5
by |-2 in. ovate or ovate-oblong obtusely acuminate with 3 very prominent
unbranched nerves, petals 6, fruit obovoid | in. long. ? Z. venulosa. Wall.
Cat. 4235.
Eastern Bengal, the Khasia Mts., and Silhet, Wallich, &c. ? Birma, GriffitJt ;
Tenasserim, Heifer ; Malacca, Maingay — Distrib. ? Borneo.
A shrub?; young branches and flowers puberulous ; branches long slender climbing.
Leaves crenate. Prickles short, stout, recurved, quite glabrous. Cymes dispo-sed m
leafless rarely leafy panicles. Petals cucuUate. Disk faintly 10-lobed, not pitted, cla-
brous. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, divided to nearly the base. Fruit 1 -celled, l-seeded,
fleshy, glabrous, — Z. venulosa, Wall. Cat. 4235, may be a more slender form of the above.
17. Z. rug-osa, Lamk. Diet. iii. 319; armed, leaves 2|-6 in. ellip-
tic glabrous above young tomentosely pubescent beneath, the older
nearly glabrous, petals 0, fruit \-\ in. obovoid or globose. DC. Frodr. ii.
20 ; W. d' A. Frodr. 102 ; Wight Ic. 339 ; Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49 :
Thwaites Enum. 73 ; Brandts F'or. Fl. 89. % Z. BurriBa, Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 4240 g. Z. glabra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 614; Wall. Cat. 4242. Z. latifolia,
Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 607 ; Wall. Cat. 4240 ; DC. Frodr. ii. 20. Z, obliqua,
Heyne in Roth Nov. S]X 161 ; DC. Frodr. ii. 20. Z. paniculata, Roth Nov.
jSp. 160 ; Wall. Cat. 4241. DC. Frodr. ii. 20. ? Z. tomentosa, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. i. 611. 1 Rhamnus glabratus, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7479. .
Tropical Himalaya, in Kumaon andi Sikkim, Beuar, /, D. H. Assam^, and
Silhet, Wallich, &c. Birma, Grijjith. Western Peninsula, from the Concan south-
wards; Ceylon, common up to 2000 ft.
A straggling evergreen large shrub, or small tree, often climbing. Prickles usually
Zizyijhus.] XLii. rhamne^. (M. A. Lawson.) 637
solitary, recurved, short, base broad. Flowers densely pubescent, in long pedunculated
cymes, forming on the usually leafless branches long terminal panicles. Calyx puberu-
lous inside. Dish 5-lobed, hairy. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united below the middle.
Fruit fleshy, with a 1-celled, 1-seeded, very thin crustaceous stone. — Dalzel and Gibson
speak of the fruit as being very palatable, and affording great support to the inhabitants
of the Ghauts from March to the middle of May. Brandis calls it mawkish and
peculiar. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 73, identifies Z. Horsfieldii, Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 643, with Z. glabra, Eoxh., but tbat species is closely allied to Z.
Napeca, Z., if not a variety of it.
18. Z. ? elegrans, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 366 ; Cat. 4233 ;
an erect nearly unarmed shrub, branches filiform pubescent, leaves l\
by \ in. obliquely-ovate-lanceolate obtusely acuminate finely crenate quite
glabrous with 3 prominent unbranched nerves.
SiNCAPOEE, Wallich.
The flowers and fruit are not known.
UNDETERMINABLE AND EXCLODED SPECIES,
Z. Baenchia, Wall. Cat. 4249, from Monghir, and Z. globdlaris, 4248, from Birma
are undeterminable.
Z. Bhunder, Royle 111. i. 168, name only is undetermined.
Z. Lotus, Lamk.; Boxh. Fl. Ind. i. 610, is ambush allied to Z. nummularia, a na-
tive of S. Europe, N. Africa, and Arabia.
Z. NiTiDA, Boxh. Fl. Ind. i. 609, is a native of China.
Z. Spina-christi, L., is a tree cultivated in gardens in N.W. India, allied to Z.
Jujuba, it is a native of W. Asia and Egypt.
4. BSBCKEBIZA, Neck.
Shrubs with armed often scan dent branches. Leaves alternate, penni-
nerved ; nerves straight, parallel. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous,
fascicled, fascicles disposed in axillary spikes or panicles, or in the axils of
the leaves, or clustered at the ends of the branches. Calyx 5- rarely 6-fid ;
tube hemispherical or turbinate. Petals 5, rarely 6, obovate or cucullate.
Disk lining the calyx-tube, margins free. Ovary sunk in the disk, but free
from it, 2-celled, narrowed into the bifid style. Fruit a hard or fleshy
drupe, girt at the base with the calyx-tube ; stone crustaceous or woody,
2-celled, 2-seeded. Seed linear-oblong, albumen fleshy. — Disteib. Species
about 10, scattered through the tropics of Asia, Africa, and America.
L B. floribunda, Wall. Cat. 4256; leaves 2-4 in. ovate acute,
petiole f-1 in., panicles very large terminal. Brandis For. Fl. 91. B.
laxa, Wall. Cat. 4257. Zizyphus floribunda. Wall, in Boxh. Fl. Ind. ed.
Carey, ii. 368.
Tropical Himalaya, *from the Jhelum to Sikkim ; Eastern Bengal and Khasia
Mts., Griffith, &c.
A large erect or climbing shrub or small tree. Branches glabrous, glaucous when
young. Stipules 2-fid. Flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate, about 6 in a fascicle.
Calyx 5-fid ; calyx-lnbcs lanceolate, acute. Petals 5, spathulate. Fruit | in. long,
purple, cylindric. — Very closely allied to if not identical with B. racemosa, Sieb., of
China and Japan [Brandis).
2. B. flavescens, Wall. Cat. 4255 ; leaves 2-3 in. ovate-oblong
acute cuspidate, petiole f to 1 in., flowers in short terminal racemes or
panicles usually under 3 in. Zizyphus flavescens, WaU. in Roxb. Fl. Ind.
ed. Carey, ii. 367.
638 XLii. HHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Berchemia.
Temperate Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkiin, alt. 7-10,000 ft., J. B. H.
A climbing shrub ; young branches with black spreading deciduous hairs. Pedicels
|-J in. long, often arcuate. Calyx 5-M; lobes triangular, acute. Fttals 5, oblong.
Stamens 5. Fruit 4 in. long.
3. B. polypliylla, Wall. Cat. 4259 ; leaves 1-1^ Id. ovate obtuse,
petiole iiii., tiowers in axillary racemes.
BiRMA ; at Taong Dong, Wallich.
An erect? shrub; young branches, rachis, and petioles puberulous. Pedicels |-^ in.
long, straight. Calyx 5-fiu, lobes triangular, acute. Petals 5, almost orbicular. Stamens 5.
Fruit ^ in. long. — Closely allied to B.flavescens.
4. B. lineata, DC. Prodr. ii. 23; leaves'^! in. ovate or suborbicular
subsessile, stipules very small setaceous, flowers 2-3 together fascicled in
the axils of the leaves or clustered at the ends of the branches. Hook, ak
Am. Bot. Beech. 177, t. xxxvil ; Brandis Fcrr. Flor. 91. ? B. Poiretiana,
DC. Piodr. ii. 23. Ehamnus lineatus, Linn. Amcen. iv. 308.
North We.st Himalaya, from the Imlus eastwards; Khazan Valley, alt, 4-7000 ft.,
Stewart; Sikkim, alt. 10,000 ft., /. D. //;— Distrib. China.
A difl'use shrub, with subvdluble branches, puberulous when young. Flowers on
slender pedicels i-| in. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes linear subulate, many limes longer
than the tube. Petals linear-lanceolate. Fruit ovoid, \ in. long, succulent, blue.
5. 8. Edg-eworthll, Laws. ; leaves f-1 in. subelliptic, petiole \-\ in.,
istipules -]- in. long ovute-lauceolate scarious, flowers about 2 together in the
axils of the leaves.
We.stern Himalaya, alt. 7-8000 ft., Edgeioorth.
An erect? shrub, with glabrous branches. Flowers on short pedicels, the buds
almost hidden by the stipules. Calyx 6- fid. Pdals 6, very broadly-ovate. Stamens 6.
Fruit § in. long, surrounded at the base by the persistent entire calyx. — Known at
once by its conspicuous stipules and 6-merous flowers.
5. BKABINUS, L.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, penninerved. Flowers fascicled in
the axils of the leaves or disposed in simple or compound racemes,
hermaphrodite or polygamous. CaJyx 4-5-fid ; tube urceolate ; lobes
keeled within. Petals 4-5 or 0, cucullate or flat. Stamens 4-5. Disk thin,
lining the calyx-tube. Ovary free, 3-4-celled, narrowed into a 3-4-cleft
style. Fruit a berry-like drupe, girt at the base by the small calyx-tube,
2-4-celled, 2-4-seedea, obscurely dehiscent or indehiscent. Seed obovoid,
albumen fleshy. — Disteib. Species about 60, scattered over the hotter and
temperate regions of both hemispheres,
* Flowers A-merous.
1. B. Arnottianus, Gardn. in Thwaites Enum. 74; unarmed,
petals 0.
Ceylon ; in the most elevated parts of the Central province.
A small glabrous tree; young branches puberulous. Leaves \\-Z by |-1| in.,
ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, clcsuly serrate. Flowers 2-4, lasc.icled in
the axils of the leaves. F'ruit on pedicels |-1 in. long, the size of a pea, 3-4-lobed,
reddish-black. — The whole plant turns blackish in drying.
2. B. perslcus, Boiss. Fl. Orient, n. 17; armed, leaves tomentose
beneath, petals 4. Brandis For. F'lor. 93.
SuLiMAN and Salt ranges ; Te.\ii'erate Himalaya, from the Jhelum eastwards to
Garwhal, alt. 2-5000 It. ; Western Tibet, alt. 9-14,000 ft.— DiaTum. Beluchistan,
Persia.
Ehamnus.l XLii. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 639
A shrub, 6-8 ft., or small tree, 20 ft., with coarse spinous or unarmed branches. Leaves
fascicled at the ends of the congested branchlets, |-2 in., oblong or elliptic-lanceolate
or obovate, acute or rounded at the apex, minutely tomentose beneath, entire or faintly
serrate. Flowers few, shortly pedicellate, fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Petals
spathulate. Ovary 3-4-celled. Fruit ^ in. long, obovoid-globose, 2-4-celled, 1 or 2
of the cells often abortive. — Boissier mentions only the small obovate-leaved plants, but
in many specimens the large and small leaves occur together.
3. R. dahuricus. Pall. Fl. Ross. ii. t. 61 ; armed, leaves glabrous,
petals 4. DC. Prodr. ii. 25. R. globosus, Bmige Enum. Chin. 14. R. parvi-
lolius, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1857, ii. 150. R. polymorphus, IWce. Fl. Baik.
Dahur. i 269. R. virgatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 604 ; Don Prodr. 190 ; Brand.
For. Flor. 92 ; var. sy Ivestris, Maxim, in Mem. Acad. Imp. Sc. Petersb. x. 11,13.
The Panjab, at Peshawur, Steicart; Temperate Himalaya, from Jamu and Simla,
toBhotan, alt. 4-9500 ft.; Western Peninsula, in the Ghats. — Distrib. China, Japan.
A tree, 15-20 ft., or shrub, usually much branched, very variable in habit and shape
of the leaves. Branches divaricating, the spines terminating the branches and so
often appearing in the forks. Leaves fjiscicled at the ends of the exceedingly congested
branchlets, f-2 in., obovate, acuminate, to narrow elliptical-lanceolate, slightly pubes-
cent beneath when young. Flowers numerous, fascicled in the axils of the leaves.
Petals spathulate. Fruit obovate-obicular, ^ in. long. — Closely allied to the European
B. catharticus. It seems hardly possible to define even as varieties the numerous forms
that have been proposed as species. R. virgatus, var. aprica, Max. in Mem. Acad.
Sc. Petersb., is a dwarf form with scrubby squamose branches and very small
leaves.
Var. hirsutus ; a large shrub or small tree, leaves 2 in. R. hirsutus, W. & A.
Prodr. 165 ; Btdd. Fl. JSylv. Anal. Gen. Ixx. t. x. f. vi. — Western Peninsula.
** Unarmed. Flowers 5-merous.
4. R. Wig-htii, W. d' A. Prodr. 164; leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in.
glabrous, flowers fascicled, petals 5. Wight Ic. t. 159; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. Ixx. ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 50. Ceanothus Wightiana, ]Vall.
Cat. 4264.
Western Peninsula ; from the highest hills of the Concan southwards to the Nil-
ghiris. Ceylon ; in the elevated parts of the Central province.
A large glabrous shrub, the younger parts drying black. Leaves elliptic or narrowly-
elliptic, shortly acuminate, closely serrate, subcoriaceous. Pedicels much shorter than
the petiole. Petals cuneate-obovate, with a short apiculus, flat. Styles 3-4, diverging.
5. R. purpureus, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 44 ; leaves «-5
by 1-2 in. glabrous, flowers fascicled, petals 0. Brandis For. Flor. 91. •
Western Himalaya; from Marri to Kumaon, alt. 4500-10,000 ft.
A middle-sized unarmed tree. Branches purplish, with white spots ; the young
leaves pubescent beneath, otherwise glabrous. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, closely
and finely serrate, membranous. Flowers 2-Z\ pedicels ^ in., nearly as long as the
petiole, Fridt on pedicels \ in., the size of a pea, subglobose, bitter and purgative.
6. R. triqueter, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 376 {under
Ceanothus) ; Cat. 4265 ; leaves 3-6 by 1-2| in. pubescent beneath, fascicles
of flowers disposed in racemes. — Brand. For. Fl. 92.
Pan JAB, in the Salt range ; W^estern Himalaya, from the Jhelum, alt. 3-4000 ft.,
Steicart; to Kumaon, alt. 6000 ft.
A shrub, the young branches pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate to oblong-lanceolate,
acute or subacuminate, closely serrate, the old leaves pubescent on the nerves only.
Fiowers shortly pedicellate, fascicled on the leafless (very rarely leafy) branches, pu-
berulous. PeUiU broadly obovate, emarginate. Fruit ^ in., obovoid, 3-lol)ed. — Although
"Wallich says of this species that the fruit is acutely 3-cornered, I do not find it to be
the case in any of his specimens.
640 XLii RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [JR?iamnus.
7. R. nlpalensis. Wall, in Eoxb. Fl. hid. ed. Carey, ii. 375 (Ceanothus) :
Qai. 42(j3 \ leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 in. glabrous fascicles of flowers disposed
in simple or compound racemes, petals 5.
Central and Eastern Himalaya; Nipal, WalUch; Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft.,
J. D. H. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 8-4000 ft., and Assam ; Birma ? Griffith.
A suberect or rambling shrub, with long slender ghibrous branches, or pubescent only
on the younger parts. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, serrate,
membriinuus or subcoriaceous, dark-green and sbiuing above. Flowers shortly pedicel-
late, small, green, pubescent. Petals oblong, concave. Fruit \ in., broadly obovate,
blackish-red.
8. R. procumbens, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 43 ; leaves I- 1 in.,
petals 0. K. rupestris, Roi/le III. 169 {jiame only).
Western Himalaya, from Simla to Kuinaon, alt. 7-8000 ft., Edgeivorth, &c.
A small shrub with prostrate branches, the younger ones pubescent. Leaves lanceo-
late, acute or subacuminate, coriaceous, serrulate, very shortly petiolate. Flowers 1-2,
in the axils of the leaves, pedicellate. Fruit fleshy.
6. KOVEXZA, Thunb.
A small unarmed tree. Leaves alternate, subbifarious. Flmvers in
pedunculated, dichotomous, many-flowered, axillary and terminal cymes.
Cal'jx 5-fid ; tube broadly obconical. PtUdji 5, inserted below the disk,
clawed, cucullate. Stamens 5, a little longer than the petals. ])Uk
lining the calyx-tube, the margin free and hairy. Ovarij conical, sunk in
disk,°3-celled ; style 3-cleft, branches straight, erect. Fruit with arching
thickened pedicels, the size of a pea, indehiscent, obscurely 3-lobed,
3-celled, 3-seeded, the outer covering coriaceous and separating from the
inner membranous endocarp.
1. K. dulcis, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 101 ; Lamk III t. 131 ; Sieh. Fl. Jap.
t. 73 & 74; Jiot. Mag. t. 2360; Roxb. FL Ind. i. 630; Wall. Cat. 4274;
be. Frodr.ii. 40; Urandis For. Flor. 94; JJan Frodr. 189. H. acerba,
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 501 ; L>C. Frodr. ii. 40. H. insequalis, DC.
Frodr. ii. 40.
SuBTROi'icAL Himalaya ; alt. 3-6500 ft., from Chamba and Hazara to Bhotan, but
often cultivated. — Distrib. China and Japan.
A tree 30 ft, ; trunk straight ; head broad, rounded. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., ovate-
acuminate, deeply and sharply serrate or nearly entire, membranous, glabrous or more
raftely pubescent, 3-nerved at the base, the midrib pinnately branched. — Extensively
cultivated in China and Japan tor its sweet fleshy peduncles, which taste like a Ber-
gamot pear.
7. SCUTIA, Comm.
Glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, pcnninerved, co-
riaceous. Flowers in axillary fascicles or subumbellate. Ccdyx 5-fid ;
tube hemispherical or turbinate. Petals 5, clawed, emarginate, flat
or hooded. Bisk filling the calyx-tube. JStamens 5, equalling the
petals. Ovary sunk in the disk, 2-4-celled, narrowed into a short 2-3-
cleft style. Fruit broadly obovoid or subglobose, dry or sub-fleshy,
surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-tube, 2-4-celled, 2-4-
seeded.— Distrib. Species 8; natives of Asia, Africa, and tropical
America.
S. indica, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 363; W. d- A. Frodr. 165;
Wight III. i. t. 73 ; Balz. d' Gils. Bomb. Fl. 50 ; Thzvaiies Enum. 75 ;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixx. S. Commersoni, Brongn. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. JSer. 1, x. 363. S. lucida, G. Von Gen. iSyst. ii. 33. S. Rheediana^
Scutia.] XLii. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. LawsoD.) 641
Wight Ic. t. 1071. Catha zeylanica, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 10. Ceanothus
circumscissa, Gasrtn. Fruct. ii. t. 106 ; Wall. Cat. 4266 ; DC. Prodr. ii.
30. C. zeylanica, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp» 153 ; Wall, Gat. 4267 ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 30. Celastrus zeylanica, Roth in Romi. <& Schidt.
Syst. V. 427 ; Nov. Sp. 398 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 9. Rhamnus circumscissus,
Linn.f. Suppl. 152 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 603. R. lucidus, Roxb. Fl.Ind. i. 605.
E. myrtinus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 60.— Rubiacea, Wall. Cat. 8300. Rhamnea ]
lucida, Wall. Cat. 4250.
BiRMA, Wallich ; Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards ; Ceylon, in
the hot dry parts of the plains. — Distrib, Mauritius, Roxb.
Branches straggling, armed with subopposite recurved prickles, more rarely un-
armed. Leaves |-14 in. long, orbicular or obovate entire, or crenate.
8. SAGBRETIA, Brongn.
Unarmed or spinous shrubs, with slender subscandent or rigid opposite
or subopposite branches. Leaves subopposite, penninerved, nerves arched.
Flowers very small, sessile on the terminal leafless paniculate branches.
Calyx 5-fid, tube hemispherical ; lobes acute, keeled within. Petals 5,
clawed, hooded. StaTnens 5, equalling the petals. Disk cup-shaped, lining
the calyx-tube, margin free 5-lobed. Ovary sunk in the disk, but free
from it, 3-celled ; style short, 3-grooved, stigmas 3 capitate. Fruit globose,
3-celled, 3-seeded, coriaceous, indehiscent. — Disteib. Species about 11 ;
natives of Central and Eastern Asia, Java, and the hotter parts of North
America.
1. S. haxnosa, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 360 ; leaves 4-5
by 2 in. elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate serrate glabrous on both sur-
faces. Berchemia ] hamosa. Wall. Cat. 4253. Zizyphus hamosa. Wall, in
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 369.
NiPAL, Wallich; Western Peninsula ; Pulney Mts., Wight. — Distrib. Formosa.
A large shrub, with long straggling glabrous branches, unarmed or with very stout short
deflexed spines. Flowers puberulous, in terminal and axillary panicles not longer than
the leaves. Fruit ?
2. S. opposltifolia, Brongn. in Ann. Nat. Sc. ser. 1, x. 360 ; leaves
2-4 in. ovate-lanceolate acute or subacuminate glabrous and dark green
above covered beneath when young with a dense woolly tomentum,
Brand. For. Fl. 95. Sageretia filiformis, G, Don Gen. Syst. li. 29.
Berchemia ? opposltifolia, Wall. Cat. 4254. B. 1 parviflora. Wall. Cat. 4258.
Rhamnus filiformis, Roth Nov. Sp. 153. R. parviflorus, Flein in Roem. <h
Schidt. Syst. V. 295 ;^ DC. Prodr. i\. 28. Kmgynus, Don Prodr. 190.
Zizyphus oppositifolia, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 370.
N.W. India and Subtropical Himalaya ; from Peshawur and Kajaori eastward to
Nipal, alt. 2-5000 ft. ; Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. — Distrib.
Java.
A shrub or small tree, with long slender subsarmentose spinous branches, tomen'ose
when young. Leaves with 5-8 pairs of nei-ves; petiole 4 in. Flowers in large terminal
panicles. Fruit turbinate, \ in. long, black, succulent, sweetish.
3. S. theezans, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 360; leaves 1^2 in.
ovate or elliptic minutely serrate dark green and glabrous above pubescent
when young beneath. Brandis For. Flor. 95. Sageretia, Wall. Cat. 9010.
Rhamnus theezans, Linn. Mant. 207.
VOL. L T T
642 XLii. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Sageretia.
The Salt and Suliman Ranges, alt. 2-8000 ft., Fleming; Hazara, Steioart ;
Western Himalaya, alt. 3-8000 ft., from Kashmir to Simla. — Distrib. Beluchistan,
China.
A sarmentose spinous shrub with long slender branches. Flowers in long slender
interi-upted spikes. Spines a.nAjlvicer branches squarrnse, or at the ends of the pendant
branches. Fruit the size of a pea, globose, succulent, irregularly rugose, dark brown. —
The fruit is sweet to the taste and extensively eaten, the leaves are used as a sub-
stitute for tea.
Vak. diospiryfolia ; a scrubby shrub not sarmentose, leaves shorter and broader,
flower-spikes shorter. S. theezans, Brand. For. Fl. 95. Rhamnea? diospjrifolia,
Wall Cat. 4251.— Ava,WaZZtcA.
4. S. Brandrethiana, Aitch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 62; leaves
|-1 iiL elliptic crenate or nearly entire glabrous above covered with a dense
white woolly tonientum beneath 4-8-nerved very shortly petioled. Boiss. Fl.
Orient, il 22 ; Brand. Fcyr. Fl. i. 95.
North Western India ; the Salt Range, Jhelum and Peshawur, Fleming, &c. —
DiSTRiH. ^^*estward to Persia and Arabia.
A scrtibby shrub, with numerous spinose pubescent branches. Flowers in terminal
and axillary panicles. Fruit the size of a small pea, ovoid, 3-lobed, succulent, black,
with raised longitudinal lines. — The fruit is sweet and much eaten by the Atfghaus.
Brandis.
5. corymbosa, O. Don Gen. JSyst. ii. 29, is a West Indian species incorrectly stated
by Don to be East Indian.
a COZ«T7B3,XNA, Tdch.
Erect shmbs. Zo:/>w alternate. /7o?/v/-.s in very short axillary cymes.
Calyx 5-fid; tube hemispherical. Petals 5, clawed, springing from the
margin of the disk, hooded. Stamens 5. Di^k fleshy, filling the calyx-tube.
Ovary sunk in the disk and confluent with it, 3-celIed ; style 3-cleft ;
stigmas nflexed. Fruit the size of a pea, subglobose, surrounded below the
middle by the remains of the calyx-tube, :j-celled, cells 1-seeded, tardily
dehiscent. — Distrlb. fcSpecies 10, chiefly tropical American.
1. C. aaiatica, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 369; whole plant
quite ^hibrMu.s, leaves l?,-2in. by |-1| in. acuminate. W. d' A. Frodr. 1G6 ;
Wight III. i. t. 74 ; iJah. d' Gibs. B<mh. Fl. 50 ; Thivaites Enuni. 75 ; Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. bcix. Ci javanicn , ulAV/. Fi. I ml. Bat, pt] 1, dig .
Ceanotlius asiaticus, ^fert7??X:. ///. t. 129, f. 2 -J DC. Prodr. ii. 30; Boxb. Fl.
Tnd. i. 615; !!«//. fe/. 4262. C. capsularis, Forst. Prodr. 18; DC.
Prodr. ii. 32. Pomaderria^ capsularis, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 39; Burm.
Zeylan. t. 48. Pvhamnus acuminata, Colebr. in Roxb. Fl. hid. i. 615.
Eastern and Western Peninsulas; from the Concan and Tenasserim southwards.
Ceylon, north end of the Island.— Distrib. Java, Borneo, Australia, S.W. -Africa.
Unarmed. Leaves 2 by 1 in., ovate, subacuminate, crenate-serrate, glabrous, mem-
branous, 3-nerved at the base, the midrib pinnately branched. Cymes \-^ in. long.
Flowers yellowish green.
2. C. pubescens, Kurz in Journ.. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 301 ; branches
and flowers Iiispidly-i)ubescent, leaves l|-2^by |-1 in.
Peou, Kurz.
Leaves ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, hispidly-pubescent on both sides. Petals
nearly sessile, broadly oval, emarginate, very concave. Fruit ?
CoMrina,] xlii. rhamne^. (M. A. Lawson.) 643
3. C. travancorica, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 188 ; young branches
covered with a dark rust-coloured pubescence, leaves 3-5 by li-lf in.
Western Peninsula; Quilon, WigJd ; S. Travancor, Beddome.
Leaves oblong shortly and suddenly acuminate, glabrous above, slightly pubescent
on the nerves beneath. Flowers ^ in. across. Pedicels puberulous. Cabjx-tube with a
few hispid hairs, otherwise glabrous. Petals clawed, spathulate, acute.
10. APTEXION, Kurz.
A scandent shrub. Leaves penninerved. Flowers small, fascicled, dis-
posed in panicled racemes. Cali/x 5-fid, tube shortly obconic; lobes
spreading, acute. Petals 5 obovate, minute, inserted between the calyx-
lobes. Stamens 5, a little longer than the petals, filaments filiform. Bisk
flat, free. Ovary subglobose, immersed in the disk, 2-celled; style very
short, stigmas 2. Drupe ? globose, adnate to the calyx-tube as in Gouania,
and crowned by the calyx-limb, 1-celled by arrest, 1-seeded 1
1. A. lanceolatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 301.
Tenasserim, Kurz.
A l^^e scandent shortly-tomentose "shrub. Leaves 4-5 in., lanceolate, with a long
some \^k obtuse point, serrate, chartaceous with a fulvous pubescence on the nerves, at
length glabrous, lateral nerves numerous (7-9) prominent and reaching to the margin.
Panicles hoary or yellowishly tomentose. Flowers small ; pedicels ^V in., slender or
subfleshy, puberulous, fascicled or sub-solitary. Calyx J-^ in. diam., puberulous.
Oyarz/ pubescent ; style shortly bifid. Fruit f — Kurz speaks of the iw?wa^Mre /n«7 as
being globose, and the size of a peppercorn. I have seen no specimen.
11. GOUANZA, Linn.
Unarmed climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flmoers polygamous, in
axillary or terminal spikes ; rachis often cirrhose. Calyx superior, 5-fid ;
tube short, obconic. Petals 5, inserted below the margin of the disk,
hooded. -Stamens 5, enfolded by the petals. Bisk filling the calyx-tube,
5-angled or stellate. Ovary sunk in the disk, 3-celled ; style 3-cleft.
Fruit inferior, coriaceous, crowned by the persistent limb of the calyx,
3-winged. — Dtstrib. Species 30, chiefly American, a few are African and
Asiatic, and one belongs to the Pacific Islands.
1. Gr. microcarpa, BC. Prodr. ii. 40 ; flowers sessile densely pubescent,
disk glabrous 5-lobed, style-arms glabrous minute. W. <k A. Prodr. 167;
Wall. Cat. 4271 ; Thwaites Enum. 75. G. integrifolia, Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. 1871, pt. ii. 49. G. tilisefolia, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4271.
Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. Pegu, Kurz. Malacca,
Griffith, &c. Ceylon, ascending to 2000 ft. — Distrib, Java.
Young branches and racemes pubescent. Leaves 2-3 by |-1| in., ovate or elliptic,
acute or acuminate, orbicular or subcordate at the base, entire or very faintly crenate-
serrate, glabrous. Calyx densely hairy outside, glabrous within. Petals obovate-oblong,
very concave, margins involute. Disklohes faintly emarginate, or truncate. Fniit
shortly winged, pubescent, at length glabrous.
2. G". leptostachya, BC. Prodr. ii. 40 ; flowers shortly pedicelled
glabrous, disk glabrous 5-lobed, lobes oblong faintly emarginate, style-
arms elongate. _Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 95 [not Lamk.) ; Wall. Cat. 4270;
W. d: A. Prodr. 1G6 ; Bah. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 50.
tt2
644 XLii. RHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Gotiania,
Tropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Assam and the Khasia Mts., ascending to
4000 ft. ; Banda, Bikma, TENAssERm, and the Malay Peninsula. — Distbib. Java,
Philippines.
Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by lf-2 in., ovate, acuminate, subcordate at the
base, serrulate. Bacemes slightly puberulous ; bracteoles conspicuous, subulate. Calyx
{jlabrous or with a very few scatttered hairs on the outside. Petals hooded. Styles \ the
ength of the calyx-Begments. Fruit glabrous.
3. G-. napalensis, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 417; Cat.
A272 ; flowers pubescent, disk glabrous the lobes linear acuminate, style-
arms much elongated,
Njpal, Wallkh. SiKKiM, Oriff.
Leaves longer and the fiowers a little larger than in the last species, and the styles
twice as long.
12. KEZiZMUS, E. Meyer.
Unarmed scandent cirrhose shnibs, with slender anprular branches. Leaves
alternate, entire. Floivers umbellate, on long slender pei^^luncles. Calyx
superior, tube broadly obconic. Petals 5, inserted upon the margin of the
disk, hooded. Stamens 5, equalling the petals. Disk epigynous, filling the
' calyx-tube. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, 3-cleft, stigmas recurved. Fi-uit
inferior, obovoid-globose, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded, coriaceous, tardily de-
hiscing. — DiSTKiB. Species 3, two African, and one North Indian.
1. R. lanceolatus, Brand. For. Fl. 574. Gouania lanceolata, Wall.
Cat. 4273.
The Panjab, Oude, and the Western Himalaya from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt.
1-4000 ft.
The whole plant quite glabrous, or the youngest pai-ts of the shoots and flowers
pubescent. Leaves i-\'i by \-\ in., ovate to ovate-lanceolate.
Order XLIII. AMPELIDEJB. (By M. A. Lawson, F.L.S.)
Small trees or shrubs, usually climbing by means of tendrils, more rarely
radicant (sometimes herbaceous in Leea) ; juice copious, watery. Steins
angled compressed or cylindric, with numerous very large proper vessels.
Leaves alternate, usually petioled, simple or digitately or pedately 3-9-folio-
late, rarely pinnate or decompound. Floivers umbellately- paniculately- or
spicately-cymose. Peduncles often transformed into simple or compound
tendrils or adhering to rocks or trees by viscid pads terminating the
ultimate segments, or expanded into a broad floriferous membrane (7^/^7-i-
santhes). Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Calyx small,
entire or 4-5-toothed or- lobed. PeUds 4-5, distinct, or cohering, valvate,
caducous. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals, inserted at the base of the
disk or between its lobes, filaments short subulate ; anthers free or connate.
2-celIed, introrse. Disk free or connate with the petals stamens or ovary,
annular or variously expanded. Ovary 2-6-celled ; style short, slender
conical or 0, stigma minute or large and flat, subhibed ; ovules 1-2 in
each cell, ascending, anatropal, raphe ventral. Berry 1-6-celled ; cells
1-2-seeded. Seed erect, often rugidose, albumen cartilaginous; embryo
short basal, cotyledons ovate. — Distrib. S|)ecies about 250, inhabiting
the tropical and temperate regions of the whole world.
XLiii. AMPELiBEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 645
Scandent shrubs, usually bearing tendrils. Flowers racemose or
cymose. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled 1. Vitis.
Flowers sessile on the dilated membranous peduncle .... 2. Pteeisantheb.
Erect shrubs destitute of tendrils. Petals and stamens connate
with the disk. Ovary 3-6-celled, cells 1-ovuled 3. Leea.
1. VITIS, Linn.
Sarmentose sbnibs, climbing, usually by means of leaf-opposed tendrils,
rarely rooting. Leaves simple or 3-9-foliolate and then digitate or pedate,
rarely pinnate or bipinnate. Flowers umbellately- paniculately- racemosely-
or spicately-cymose, usually ebracteate, sometimes polygamous. Calyx
short, entire, or 4-5-toothed or -lobed. Petals 4-5, free or cohering at the
apex. Stamens 4-5, inserted below the margins of the disk ; anthers free.
Ovary 2- very rarely 3-4-celled ; style or short ; ovules 2 in each celL
Berry ovoid or globose, 1-2-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. — Distrib. About 230
species growing mostly in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa and
Polynesia, more rarely in America.
Sect. I. Leaves simple.
* Petals and Stamens 4.
t Flowers umhellately-cymose,
§ SteTM and brandies acutely angled or winged, {See 7, diffusa.)
1. V. quadrang-ularls, Wall, Gat. 5992 ; stems 4-winged very thick
fleshy greatly contracted at the nodes. W. <& A. Prodr. 125 ; Wigkt Ic.
t. 51 ; Brand. For. Ft. 100.. Cissus edulis, Dalz. in Hooh. Lond. Journ.
Bot. ix. 248; Dalz. <h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 40; Thtvaites Enum. 62. C. quad-
rangularis, Linn. Mant. 39 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 407 ; DC. Prodr. i. 628 ;
Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 33 ; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 39. Saelanthus qua-
dragonous, Forsk. Descr. 33, t. 2. — Rheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 41.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the foot of the Western Himalayas in
Kumaon to Ceyi.on and Malacca. — Distkib. Java, East Africa.
Stems glabrous, often of a great length, sometimes nearly leafless. Leaves \-\\ in.,
broadly cordate or reniform or 3-5-lobed, crenate-serrate, glabrous. Cymes small,
shortly peduncled, glabrous. Style conspicuous, slender, stigma small. Berry globose,
red, succulent, the size of a pea, very acrid. — The stems are frequently eaten by the
natives of Ceylon in their curry.
2. V. g-lyptocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 62 (Cissus) ; branches slender 4-
winged, leaves 2-3 by 1-1 f in. truncate-cordate acuminate glabrous above,
nerves beneath with a few appressed hairs.
Ceylon ; hot drier parts of the Island, Thwaites.
Leaves serrate; petiole f-1^ in. Cymes 3-5-rayed, longer than the petioles, glabrous.
Flowers small, rufescent. Petals acute, reflexed. Style conspicuous. Fruit \ in.,
oblong, 1 -seeded, blackish-purple.
3. V. sag-ittifolla, Laws. ; very glaucous, stems 4-angled or -winged
flaccid not contracted at the joints, leaves cordate-sagittate peltate. V.
glaberrima. Wall. Cat. 5991 in part; W. dc A. Prodr. 125. Cissus hastata,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Siippl. 517.
Eastern Peninsula; Sincapore, Wallich; Penang, Porter; Malacca, Griffith. —
Distrib. Java.
646 LXiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis.
A weak trailin^^ plant. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2^ in., entire or distantly and often
bristly-serrate ; petiole 14-2 in. FetaU about -^ j in. Style conspicuous, slender. Berry
small, obovoid, 2-seeded.
4. V. lonchiphylla, Thwaites Enum. 62 (Cissus) ; stems tliick weak
acutely-angled glabrous, leaves 4-7 by H-2| in. oblong-lanceolate acumi-
nate roundly truncate at the base, petiole \-\ in.
Cevlon ; Arabagamowa district, at no great elevation, Thwaites.
Leaves remotely denticulate, 3-nerved at the base, stibpeltate. Cymes longer than
the short petiole. Flowers small. Fruit depressed, globose.
5. V. pentag'ona, Raxb. Fl. Ind. i 408 (Cissus) ; stem 5-angled woody
not contracted at the nodes. DC. Prodr. i. 628 (Cissus) ; Kuy-z in Jown.
As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 74.
Forests of Chittaqono, Roxburgh; Arracan and South Andaman Islds. Kurz.
iS'^ez/w more robust and wiry than in the last species. Leaves 3-4 by \\-'i\ in.,
ovate or cordate-ovate, acuminate, serrulate, glabrous. Cymes on long peduncles.
Flowers yellowish. Petals about ^\ in. /Style shorter and stouter than iu the last
species, stigma capitate. Fruit f
§§ Steins cylindric terete or dbacyrely angl^. {Except 7, diffusa.)
a. Plants glabrous.
6. V. griaberrlma, Wall in Roxh. Fl. Tnd. ed. Carey, ii. 476 ;Cai. 5jfol
in ])art ; glabrous, not glaucous, stem fleshy obtusely angled jointed not
contracted at the nodes, leaves coriaceous obtuse or subcordate at the
base, tendrils 0, flowers | in. conical.
Eastern Peninsula ; Penang and Sincapore, Wallich.
Leaves 2\-b by 1-24 i°-i oblong, rounded at the apex or very shortly cuspidate,
entire or remotely and very faintly bristly-crenate, drying green. Cymes about 1 in.
long, compact. Fruit (unripe) 2-celled. — The absence of tendrils and large flowers serve
to distinguish this species from its allies.
7. V. diffusa, Afiq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i. 83 ; glabrous, stem
4-5-angled or subterete suffrutescent, leaves subfleshy concave-truncate at
the base, tendrils simple, flowers \ in. oblong.
Eastern Peninsula; Sincapore, G. Thomson; Malacca, 3Iaingay. — DisTRin. Java?
Leaves 3-5 by 2-3 in., ovate, drying an ashy-brown, entire or distantly and faintly
serrate. Tendrils long, woody, opposite the leaves. Cymes less compact than in v.
glnberrima. Fruit fleshy, 1 -celled, 1-seeded, black. — The description of the flowe^rs is
taken from Miquel's V. nodosa var. auhovata, for any difference between it and this
species I am not able to distinguish.
8. V. furcata, Laws. ; glabrous, branches cylindric woody not jointed,
leaves 3-4 by 2-2i in. broadly ovate cuspidate distantly and faintly serrate
coriaceous, tendrils forked towards the tips, petals ^ in., fruit nearly | in.
Eastern Peninsula ; Sincapore, G. Thomson ; Malacca, Maingay.
A woody climber. Tendrils long, woody. Flowers much smaller than in V. diffusa.
Style conspicuous. Fruit obovate, black, dry, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed ^V hy W in-i
obovate, angled, brown.
0. V. repens, W. d- A. Prodr. 125 ; quite glabrous and glaucous,
brandies cylindric weak fleshy, leaves 3-8 by l-3s in. cordate-ovate acute
with distant sharp spinous teeth pale green membranous, tendrils forked,
petals 3V~8 ill-) fruit the size of a pea,, pedicels slender. Dalz. <{r Gils.
Bomb. Fl. 39. V. glauca, Wall. Cat, 5990 excej^^ Gr. C. cordata, Roxb. Fl.
Vitis.] Lxiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 647
Ind. 1. 407 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 32. C. repens, Lamk. ; DC. Frodr. i.
e28.~JRheede Ilort. Mai. vii. t. 48.
Eastern Tropical Himalaya, the Khasia Mts., Assam, and Silhet, ascending to
5000 ft. Chittagong. Tenasserim. Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Java, Amboyua.
{Boxb.)
A weak trailing plant, always very glaucous, at least when young. Tendrils weak,
fleshy. Umbels on slender peduncles, 1-4 in., the 'rays again umbelliferous. " Style
very conspicuous. Fruit di7,4)edicels ^-1 in., neither fleshy nor increasing in size.
jSeed ^ in., globosely-pyrifoim, smooth, pale.
10. V. discolor, Dah. in Hook Eew Journ. Bot. ii. 39 ; glabrous,
not glaucous, stems subangular weak, leaves 3-12 by 1-4 in. narrowly cor-
date-ovate acute the upper lanceolate subcordate or entire at the base
bristly-serrate blotched with white on the upper surface membranous,
tendrils forked, flowers and fruit as in V. repens. Dalz. (b Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 40. V. insequalis, Wall. Cat. 6010 ; W. & A. Frodr. 125. ? V. diver-
sifolia, Wall. Cat. h^m. %N. costata, Wall. Cat. 6011. C. discolor, ^^wme
Bijd, 181 ; Bot. Mag. 80, t. 4763.
Tropical Sikkim Himalaya, the Khasia Mts., and Silhet, ascending to 3000 ft. ;
Chittagoxg, Pegu, and Tenasserim. Western Peninsula, in the Concan, Dalzell.-^
Distrib. Java.
Branches and pedicels bright red. Leaves oblique, spotted with transverse blotches
of white between the nerves on the upper surface, purple beneath. Fruit reddish purple.
Seed as in V. repens. — The presence and position of the blotches seem to be very
uncertain. Instead of the discolorations lying between, they sometimes follow the
course of the nerves, while sometimes the leaves are entirely destitute of any marlyings,
in which case the plant becomes Cissus velutinus, Linden Cat. (in Bot. Mag. 86, t. 5207).
Vitis incequalis, Wall., appears to belong to the uncoloured forms of this species, in
which the leaves are narrowly ovate-lanceolate, almost entire and very unequal at the
base. To specimens taken from the tops of branches of either this species or V. reperts
must probably be referred V. costata, Wall, and V. diversifoUa, Wall.
11. V. Keyneana, Wall. Cat. 5988 A ; W. & A. Frodr. 125, not DC. ;
quite glabrous, branches thick hollow succulent, leaves 3-7 by l|-4 in.
cordate-ovate or ovate distantly and faintly serrate thick and leathery,
tendrils simple, peduncle 1 in. usually 2-rayed, rays bearing numerous
umbellate flowers, pedicels thick, petals i in., fruit \ in. Cissus rotun-
diatia, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5988 ; 1 DC. Frodr. i. 628.
Western Peninsula in the Southern provinces, Courtallam and Travancor, WigU.
Ceylon, Thwaites.
A coarse plant with thick fleshy leathery stems. Leaves pale green. Tendrils
stout. Petals distinct. Style conspicuous. Fruit pyriform, dry, 1-2-seeded, the pedi-
cels thickened upwards.— Cissus glauca, Thwaites (Enum. 62), has thick fleshy stems
and leaves as in this species, leaves 6-8 by 4 in. ovate obtuse ; the fruit resembles that
of V. pallida, to which perhaps it is most closely allied.
12. V. pallida, W. db A. Frodr. 125; quite glabrous or young parts
slightly puberulous, brauches thick fleshy hollow, leaves 4-10 in. broadly
cordate dentate-serrate or inciso-serrate often repand, tendrils simple,,
peduncle 1-2 in. very thick fleshy, cyme compact fleshy subcorymbose,
bracts and bracteoles large glabrous and pellucid, petals jV i^-j ^^i* ^^®
size of a pea. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 393. ? V. Wallichii, kurz in Journ,
As. iSoQ. Beng. 1872, ii, 302.
648 XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis*
Western Himalaya, Garwlial, Strach. & Wint. Western Peninsula, from the
Concan southwards. Ava ? iiTwrz.— Distrib, Ahjssinia.
Young branches and leaves often pellucid. Leaves pale green; petiole 2-5 in.
Tendril short, fleshy, opposite the leaves or 0. Petals distinct. Style long, slender.
Fruit subglobose, 1- or according to W. & A. l-2-8eeded ; pedicels very thick and
fleshy. Seed | in., pyriform, smooth, pale.— ^Wight and Amott refer Cissxis vitiginea,
Eoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 406, to this species, but Roxburgh's figure is without doubt V. lanata.
13. V. g'lauca, W. ^ A. Prodr. 126; whole plant except the younger
parts quite glabrous, stems glaucous, leaves 5-10 by 2-4| in. with long
petioles roundly cordate rarely obscurely lobed cuspidate bristly- serrate
membranous, tendrils forked, peduncles 2-3 in. very slender 3-5-rayed,
rays umbellately many-flowered, bracts and bracteoles very small deci-
duous, petals -^^ in., fruit the size of a pea. V. Kleinii, Wall. Cat. 6008 A, B.
Cissus cordata, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 407 ; DC Prodr. i. 628. C. glauca, Roxh,
Fl. Ind. i. 406 ; Grali. Cat. Bovib. PI. 32. C. purpureus, Roxh. ex Steiid.
ed. ii. vol i. '373.—Rfie€de Ilort. Mal. vii. 21, t. 11.
We.stern Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards.
Stems succulent, dark brown, cylindric, faintly striate. Leaves slightly puberulouB
when young, drying black. Cymes slender. Floioers very small ; pedicels A in., very
slender. Pttab dlatiact. /S^^e long, slender. J-rMiY subglobose, 1-2 -seeded. Seedf
Var. Stems woody swollen at the nodes. Leaves distantly and very obtusely
crenate not bristly-serrate. — Courtallam.
14. V. assamioai Laws. ; whole plant except the youngest parts quite
glabrous, branches subangular woody, leaves roundly cordate or orbicular
cuspidate or suddenly and shortly acuminate bristly-serrate with recurved
margins very prominently nerved beneatii harsh and subcoriaceous, tendrils
simple, cyme's slender, petals ^ in., fruit the size of a pea.
Assam, Griffith.
Stems very firm and rigid, turning black when diy ; a hard harsh plant when com-
pared with V. glauca. Floioers on slender pedicels. Petals distinct. Style y\j in.,
stigma subcapitate. Fruit \ in., turbinate, dry, black, subangled, l-seeded. Seed \ in.
pyriform. — Very closely allied to V. adnata.
/3. Leaves jiuhesceiit or tomentose beneath.
15. V. g-ig-antea, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Sac. xxv. 212 ; an enormous
climber, branches terete round glabrous, leaves 6-8 in. cordate with a
deep sinus and long point mucronate glabrous above subtomentose
beneath, tendrils bifid. ^
Western Peninsula ; Anamallay forests, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome.
Stems 4-5 in. diam., bark corky. Leaves crenate, crenatures sharply toothed, 5-
nerved; petiole 2-4 in. Cymes 3-5-rayed, rays bearing minute green umbellate
flowers. — I have never seen this species.
16. V. repanda, W. & A. Prodr. 125 ; stems and leaves with appressed
woolly tomentum, leaves 4-8 by 3-6 in. broadly cordate coarsely crenate
or dentate or inciso-serrate or sublobed often repand densely covered when
young with rust-coloured hairs at length glabrous above, tendrils forked,
petals cohering at the apex, fruit \ in. pyriform. V. Iseta, Wall. Cat. 6002.
V. rosea, Royle III. 149, t. 26, f. 1. Cissus acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 62.
C. aquosa, Wall. Cat. 6000. C. repanda, Vahl; DC. Prodr. i. 627;
Grah. Gat. Bomb. PI. 32 ; Dalz. <fc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 39. C. repens, Thwaites
Vitis.] LXiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 649
Umim. 62. C. riparia, Wall. Cat. 6038. C. vitiginea, Linn. Sp. PI. 117 ;
DC. Frodr. i. 627 (7iot of Roxburgh).
North Western Himalaya ; Garwhal, Falconer, &c. Assam, Silhet, and
Eastern Bengal ; Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. Ceylon, not
uncommon.
Branches coarse trailing or creeping. Stems and older branches with wrinkled bark.
Cymes slender, peduncle 2-5 in. bearing 3-5 rays or branching subcorymbosely with
the flowers ultimately umbellate. Bracts and bracteoles densely woolly. Fruit tipped
with the persistent style. Seed pyriform, smoothish. — Very variable ; the more succu-
lent and glabrous forms closely resembling some specimens of V. pallida, while those
with cordate-ovate leaves and less persistent bracteoles are with difficulty distinguished
from V. adnata, to which indeed it is very closely allied. Under F. paniculata. Wall.
Cat. 6022, are two species, the one with simple leaves probably belongs to V. repanda,
the other with 5-foliolate leaves and labelled C. j>entaphylla f Hb. Madras, belongs to
F. tenuifolia.
17. V. adnata, Wall. Cat. 5998 ; stems leaves and inflorescence clothed
with a rast-coloured pubescence, leaves 4-8 by 2-4 in. cordate-ovate acute
or shortly acuminate bristly-serrate, tendrils forked, cymes smaller more
compact and less woolly than' in V. repanda, bracteoles very small caducous,
petals distinct, fruit about the size of a pea. Brand. For. Fl. 100. V. repens,
Wall. Cat. 5999 6. Cissus adnata, Foxb. FL Ind. i. 405 ; DC. Frodr. i. 627 ;
Wight Ic. t. 144 ; Thwaites Emm. 62 ; Cat. Bomb. Fl. 32 ; Dalz. dc Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 39. C. cordata, Wall. Cat. 6001. C. Kleinii, Wall. Cat. 6008 in
part. C. latifolia, Vahl Syrab. iii. 18.
Hotter parts of India, from the Western Himalayas in Garwhal to Assam,
Silhet, Bengal, Tenasserim, and Penang. Western Peninsula and Ceylon. —
DisTRiB. Java, Borneo, Philippine Islds.
A slender far-climbing plant, with round woody branches. Leaves becoming more
or less glabrous above, always pubescent beneath, sometimes even densely felted with
a short soft tomentum, membranous. Tendrils woody. Fruit black, smooth. Seed
Y%- in., pyriform, smooth.
18. V, spectabilis, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1874, 196 ; a lofty
scandent ferruginously hirsute shrub, leaves almost sessile broadly cordate
obtuse obsoletely 3-5-lobed sinuate- cordate, at the base denticulate thick
membranous scabrous above.
SiKKiM Himalaya ; damp forests near Khersiong, alt. 5-6000 ft., Kurz.
Flowers very small, on slender pedicels ^^-^ in. Cymes pedunculate, trichotomous
J-I4 in. Calyx truncate, scarcely -^ in. Style /^ in., truncate. Berry (immature)
obovate. — According to Kurz this has the habit and affinity of F. Linncei, but widely
differs by the indumentum and almost sessile leaves. — 1 have not seen this species.
19. V. Xiinneei, Wall. Cat. 5987; stems leaves and inflorescence clothed
with a short grey pubescence, leaves 2-4 in. long and broad palmately
3-5-angled or lobed slightly cordate or retusely-truncate at the base
coarsely and irregularly serrate, tendrils simple, petals distinct, fruit | in.
W. (^ A. Frodr. 126. Cissus angulata, Lamk. Diet. Supp. i. 104; DC.
Frodr. i. 629 ; Thwaites Enum. 62.
Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards, and Ceylon.
Stems and leaves subfleshy. Branches cylindric or very obtusely angled. Cymes
slender, about as long as the leaves. Flowers small. Fruit oblong, bluish, pruinose ;
pedicels recurved. Seed as in F. repanda. — A very distinct species, of which the
synonymy has been much coufused. I have followed Wallich in calling it V. Xinwcet.
650 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis,
tt Flowers in long whip-like dicJwtomous 8j)ikes. Fruit Z-seeclecL
' 20. V. macrostacbys, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 94. Cissus
spicifera, Griff. Notul. iv. 693.
Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra.
Whole plant quite glabrous. ^Leaves 3-8 in., oblong or ovate, cuspidate, serrate, coria-
ceous, with prominent nerves. JSjpikes 2 ft. long. Flowers sessile or very shortly pedi-
cel led, solitary or fascicled in twos or tlirees on the long slender pendulous rachis.
Petals separating ; style short. Fnut 1 in., elliptic, fleshy. Seed | by ^ in., oblong,
pointed at the apex, the back rounded ^ud narrowly grooved, the face flat, rugose.
** Petals and Stamens 5.
t Flowers umhellaidy-cymose. Style 0. Fruit '^.-seeded.
21. V. slkkimensis, Laws.; whole plant glabrous, stems weak
trailing, leaves \\ ft. cordate, cymes small subflesbv glabrous or with a
small amount of deciduous tomentum divaricately branched on long
peduncles.
SiKKiM Himalaya and Khasia Mts., alt. 0-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T.
Young parts often glaucous. Leaves membranous, denticulate, reddish. Peduncles
4 in. or more bearing a forked tendril a Httle below the cyme. Petals separating.
Fruit f
22. V. toxnentosa, Ileyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 157; whole plant covered
with a thick wooUv persistent tomentum, leaves palmate 3-5-angled or
lobed, flowers sessile in shortly peduncled compact densely woolly cymes.
V. lanata, Wall. Cat. 5995 «, ? f, ? g ; W. <k A. Prodr. 130 ; Wight III. i.
t. 57 ; DC. Prodr. 634. V. cinnamomea, Wcdl. Cat. 59b9 c. V. trifida,
Roth Nov. Sp. 157 ; DC. Prodr. i. 634. V. ternata, Ileyne in Roth Nov.
Sp. 157. V. triloba, Ileyne I.e. 157 ; Wall. Cat. 6004 ? C. ; DC Prodr, i 634.
Ampelopsis ? ternata, DC. Prodr. i. 633.
Western Peninsula ; from Canara southwards.
Leaves 3-9 in. Flowers scarlet, when dry dark brown, showing conspicuously in the
midst of the white woolly tomentum. Peduncles 3-6 in., stout, woody, bearing a stiff
woody forked temlril 1 in. below the cyme. Fruit ^ in., black, round. Seed ^ by J in.,
broadly oblong, Hat, the margin incurved, the face with a thick rounded ridge running
down the middle, pale.
23. V. nervosa, Laws. ; branches petioles and cymes glabrous, leaves
cordate subpalmate, nerves beneath prominent and hairy, flowers sessile.
V. rugosa, Herb. hid. Or. H.f. d; T. {not of Wallich),
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 4-5000 ft., /. D. H.
Stems deeply giooved, hollow. Leaves often nearly 2 ft., broadly cordate, rounded
at the tip with 5-7 shallow lobes, coarsely and irregularly dentate, covered above with
minute soft hairs. Cymes stoutish, bearing midway a 1-2-times forked tendril. Fruit
the size of a currant, black, fleshy, pedicel \ in. Seed as in V. tomentosa but rather
smaller, more pointed at the apex, and darker coloured.
24. V. pedicellata, Laws. ; branches petioles and cvmes covered with
a short soft spreading pubescence, flowers on exceedingly slender pedicels
■I in.
Western Himalaya ; Kumaon, alt. 7000 ft., Strach. & Wint.
Stems striated, solid. Leaves 1 ft. or more, cordate-ovate, seiTate or dentate, gla-
brous above, nerves somewhat prominent below and covered with short stiff spreading
rusty hairs, very thin and membranous. Cymes very small, on a short sleuder pcduaclo
bearing midway a weak simple tendiil. Fruit ?
Vitis.] XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 651
tt Flowers paniculately cymose.
26. V. erioclada, W. S A. Prodr. 130 ; branches and petioles covered
with a dense subdeciduous tomentum, leaves cordate-ovate coriaceous,
flowers sessile and often almost hidden in the woolly tomentum, cymes
compact or woody, peduncle 3-12 in. bearing two-thirds of the way a stout
woody simple tendril. V. indica, Thwaites Enum. 63. — Eheede Hort. Mai. vii.
t. 7.
Western Peninsula ; Rheede, Wight; Ceylon, common up to 3000 ft.
Stem stout, hollow, cyliudric, striate. Leaves 6-12 by 34-7 in., acute or sub-
acuminate, coarsely dentate, the teeth terminated by a hard obtuse point, at length
quite glabrous above, nerves very prominent beneath. Cymes branching divaricately.
Petals distinct, iityle 0. Fridt oblong, about the size of a grape.
26. V. barbata, Wall, in Roxb. ' Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 478 ; branches
petioles and peduncles covered with numerous long spreading glandular
capitate hairs, leaves cordate-ovate membranous, peduncle flattened 4-8 in .
bearing a long forked slender tendril above its middle, cymes regularly
paniculate as long as the peduncle. V. latifolia, Hh. Ham. ; Wall. Cat.
6994 ?G. -v. lanata, Hb. Roxb. ; Wail. Cat. 5995 c, d.
Khasia Mts., alt. 0-3000 ft. ; Assam, Silhet, Pegu, and Tenasserim.
Branches stoutish, hollow, dark brown or nearly black. Leaves 8 in.-l ft. or more,
roundly cordate-ovate, sinuate-dentate, sometimes sublobed, at length glabrous above,
puberulous or densely tomentose beneath. Flowers sessile in large lax ovate paniculate
cymes. Fruit the size of a large currant, black, shortly pedicellate. 8eed -| by J in.,
elliptic, the back flattish and shallowly grooved, the face rather sharply ridged, nearly
smooth. — A very distinct species, known at once by the long spreading black hairs.
Wallich describes the flowers as being 4-cleft, but although they may be so sometimes
it is certain that they are generally pentamerous.
27. V. lanata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 660 ; branches petioles and cymes
more or less pubescent or tomentose, leaves cordate-ovate shortly acuminate
membranous, peduncle bearing a simple or forked tendril, petals cohering
at the top. W. <k A. Prodr. 131; Wall Cat. 5995 a, b, e; Brand. For.
Fl. 99. V. cordifolia. Roth Nov. Sp. 158. V. indica, Hb. Ham. ; Wall.
Cat. 5994? E. V. Heyneana, DC Prodr. i. 634. V. pentagona, Hb. Ham. ;
Wall. Cat. 5994 1 F. V. rugosa. Wall. Cat. 5994 a, b, c, and d in part.
V. Labrusca, Liiin. var. y, Regel. Cooispect. Sjj. Gen. 9. Cissus viti-
ginea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 406 {note of LirincBus). Alima ? cristatum, Wall. ^C at.
4994.
Tropical Himalaya, from Kashmir and Jamu, alt. 1-4000 ft. and Kumaon, alt.
6-7000 ft., to Sjkkim, alt. 1-5000 ft. ; Assam, the Khasia Mts., Chittagong, Bikma,
and the Circa rs.
A very variable plant in the size shape and vestiture of the leaves, usually they are
3-6 by l|-3 in., sometimes larger, and usually softly pubescent, but sometimes felted
beneath, or nearly glabrous. Flowers small, green,, forming a thyrsoid paniculate cyme.
Petals cohering at the apex rarely separating. Fruit the size of a large pea, round,
purple, 4-seeded. Seed ^ by | in., obtriangular, subemarginate, rounded and smooth on
the back with a small spathulate tubercle, face wedge-shaped with a shallow linear de-
pression on each side of the ridge. — The following varieties may be distinguished :
Var. 1. rugosa; leaves ovate or cordate-ovate nearly 2 ft. clothed beneath with a
dense matted tomentum ; stems thicker than in the typo with a dark deciduous bark. —
Himalaya and Tenasserim.
Var. 2. glabra; leaves almost quite glabrous ; stems more slender than in the type,
approaching V. parvifolia. — Garwnal and Khasia Mts.
652 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis,
28. V. latifolia, Boxh. Fl. Ind. i. 661 ; whole plant quite glabrous,
leaves roundly cordate 3-7-angled or lobed, peduncles shortish bearing a
slender forked tendril, petals distinct, flowers small reddish-brown. V.
Kleinii, Wall. Cat 6008 1 C and ? D ; TF. cO A. Prodr. 130 ; Brand. For.
Fl. 99. V. glabrata, Heyne in Roth Nov. JSp. 156 ; DC. Prodr. I 634
V. indica, Wall. Cat. 5993 ] C. V. zeylanica, Pussell Wall. Cat. 5993 ID.—
Mhsede Hc/rt. Mai. vii. 13, t. 7.
North West Ixdia ; Kumaon and Moradabad. Assam, Silhet, and the Western
Peninsula from the Concan and Coromandfel coast southwards.
Stems weak, hollow, far-climbing, striate; generally quite glabrous. Leaves 6-8 by
6-8 in. glossy. Flowers very small, in small somewhat compact thyrsoid cymes.
Peduncles bearing a long wiry tendril a little below the cyme. Style 0. Fruit the
size of a currant, black, 2-8eeded. Seed |- J in., elliptical, with a linear tubercle on the
back and the margins transversely rugose, bluntly ridged on the face.
29. V. vinifera, Linn. Sp. PI. 202; stems and leaves much as in
V. latifolia., but often tomentose, peduncles destitute of tendrils, petals
united at the apex, style very short thick. DC. Prodr. i. 633; W. <Cr A.
Prodr. 130 ; Grah. Cat. Bcnnb. PI. 33 ; Brand. For. Fl. 98.
Perhaps wild in the N.W. Himalaya; cultivated extensively in N.W. India and
rarely in the Peninsula and Cevlon. — Distrib. Native of W. Asia.
Kegel, in his Conspectus Sp. Gen. Vitis. Amer. Bor. Chin. Bor. et Jap. Hah. 9,
considers this plant a hybrid between V. vulpina, 2/mn.,iand V. Labrusca, Linn., two
American species, which he identifies with the Indian V. parvifolia, Boxb., and V.
lanata, Boxh.
ttt Flowers corymbosdy cymose.
30. V. montana, Laws. ; stems slender, young branclies with long
delicate white spreading hairs otherwise glabrous, style 0.
NiPAL, Wallich {in Herb. Hook.) ; Silhet, Hook.f. db T.
Leaves 8-12 by 6-8 in., cordate-ovate, or. lobed as in F. latifolia. Common
peduncle 3-5 in., bearing about an inch below the flowers a forked tendril; cymes
small. Petals separating ? Fruit f — Very closely allied to F. latifolia, from which it
diflFers only in the character of the cyme, and in the long white hairs on the younger
portions of the stem.
31. V. g'landulosa, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 479 ; Cai.
6006 ; branches leaves and petioles covered with a short dusky pubescence,
leaves cordate-ovate crenate sometimes 3-lobed, peduncles not bearing
tendrils.
NiPAL, WaUicTi.
Stems cylindric, solid, jointed and thickened at the nodes, with greyish dotted bark.
Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in. Flowers in small dichotomous corymbose cymes shorter than
the leaves. Fruit small, globose, dark-purple, 3-4-8eeded. Seed as in F. lanata. —
According to Wallich the peduncles sometimes bear a twice or thrice dichotomous
tendril.
tttt Flowers spicately or racemosely-cymoae.
32. V. parvifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 662 ; whole plant quite glabrous,
leaves 2-4 in. membranous, flowers minute green pedicellate, style distinct.
Wall. Cat. 6005 ; Brand. For. Fl. 99. V. tnincata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii
609. V. vulpina, Linn. var. y, Regel Connect. Sp. Gen. Vitis, 6. V. Wal-
lichii, DC. Prodr, i. 634. ? V. Purani, Don Prodr. 188.
Vitis.] XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 653
North Western Himalaya; from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 3-6000 ft.; Eastern
Bengal, Roxhurgh. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago, China, Japan.
Stems solid, trailing, slender. Leaves ovate, acute, base truncate or cordate, sharply
and deeply serrate, often 3-lobed. Tendrils branched. Flowers in erect racemes 1 in.
long. Petals cohering. Style very short. Fruit globose, black, the size of a pea.
Seed as in V. lanata.
_ 33. V. indica, Linn., Sp. PL 202 ; branches leaves and peduncles covered
with a dense woolly tomentum, leaves 4-10 in. coriaceous, flowers greenish-
purple nearly sessile, style 0. Boxb. Fl. Ind. i. 660 ; W. (^ A. Frodr. 131 ;
DC. Frodr. i. 634; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Fl. 33; Wall. Cat. 5993. Vitis
rugosa, Wall. Cat. 5994 in part; Brand. F(yr. Fl. 100. EJieede Hort.
Mai. Yil 11, t. 6.
Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards.
Stems slender, permanently woolly. J^eaves at length glabrous and shining above,
cerdate-ovate, acute, denticulate-serrate, the points of the serratures hai'd almost spiny.
Peduncles sloutish, bearing a long simple tendril. Flowers in short cylindric spikes
about 2 in. Petals distinct? Fruit globose, the size of a large currant, 2-4-seeded.
Seed 3 by I in,, elliptic, slightly curved on the back from end to end, otherwise flattish,
with a spathulate tubercle, the face wedge-shaped. — Very closely allied to V. erioclada
in general appearance. In some specimens the flowers are 4-merou8. V. indica, Miq.
n. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii. 609, and of Thwaites, are quite distinct.
ttttt Flowers in short racemose spikes at the end of long jUiform tendrils
34. V. grracilis, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ed. Carey, ii. 477 ; Cat. 6007.
Sincapore, Wallicli.
Branches exceedingly slender, almost filiform, pubescent. Leaves 4-5 hy 2-2^ in.,
cordate, caudate-acuminate, sharply serrate, hispidly hirsute above both on the nerves
and on the intercostal spaces, beneath on the nerves only. Tendrils short, very slender,
simple. Flowers f Fruit (immature ?) oblong, oblique, 1-4-seeded, sessile. Seeds
^ by^ in., oblong-triangular, rounded on the back, the face flattened. — Not unlike some
forms of V. lanata, but differing in the nature of the pubescence and in the character of
the inflorescence.
Sect. II. Leaves 3-foliolate. (See V. dubia, V, Hookeri, V. lanceolaria,
V. pedata, V. tuberculata, and V. sulcata.)
* Petals and Stamens 4.
t Stetns a/nd leaves usually fleshy.
3& V/^beedei, W. <h A. Frodr. 127; whole plants quite glabrous,
petiole 2-3 in. V. heterophylla. Wall. Cat. 6036. Cissus heterophylla,
Herb. Madr., Wall. Cat. b036 [not of Foiret). C, trilobata, Lamk. Diet. i. 31 ;
DC. Frodr. i. 629; Thwaites Enum. ^^\ Graliani Cat. Bomb. Fl. 33;
Dalz. (h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. dd.—Fheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 45.
Western Peninsula ; Malabar and Travancor. Ceylon, common.
Stems thick and weak. Leaves 4-8 in., the upper ones smaller three-lobed or
entire ; leaflets 2-5 in., shortly petioluled or sessile, the central one obloug-lanceolate,
the lateral ones exceedingly oblique, all distantly often sharply toothed. Tendrils
simple, woody. Flowers subumbellate, forming compact divaiicating cymes I4 in.
long, usually shortei* than the petiole. Petals distinct. Style slender, eonspicuous.
Fruit globose, 1-seeded, the size of a currant, black? Seed ^by \ in., globose, smooth ;
testa brittle.
654 xLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis.
36. V. setosa, Wall. Cat. 6009 ; whole plant covered with long glan-
dular bristly hairs without other pubescence, leaves sessile, fruit red.
W. & A. Frodr. i. 127; Wight Ic. t. 170; JJah. d- Gibs. Bomh. Fl. 41.
Cissus acida. Wall. Cat. 6009, b. {not L) C. setosa, Roxb. Fl. lad. i. 410 ;
DC. Frodr. i. 630.
Western Peninsula ; from the Circars and Maisor southwards. Ceylon, south part
of tlie Island, Gardner.
8tem and leaves very fleshy, herbaceous, weak. Leaflets 1-2 in., sessile or shortly
stalked, ovate or subovate, rounded at the tip, sharply and irregularly scrrate-dontate.
Tendrils usually forked, succulent. Floicers j^ in. long, umbellatelj disposed in
divaricating cymes. Cymes on pednncles as long as or longer than the leaves. Petals
revolute. Fruit the size of a pea, when .young often hairy, l-seeded. /Seed subglobose,
nearly smooth. — Every part of the plant is exceedingly acrid.
37. V. camosa, Wall. Cat. 6018 ; whole plant when young covered
with a short dense pubescence, leaves petioled, fruit black. W. d; A.
Frodr. 127; Wight Ic. 171; Brand. For. Fl. 101. V. crenata, Wall.
Cat. 602 U V. trifolia, Linn. Sp. PI. 203. Cissus acida, Roxb. Ic. ined. 541.
C. auriculata, Roxb. WaU. Vat. G031 b. 0. carnosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I
409 ; DC. Frodr. i. 630 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Fl. 33 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. B(mib. Fl.
40. C. crenata, VaJd DC. Frodr. i. 631. C. cinerea, Lamk. ; DC. Frodr. i.
631. C. obtusifolia, Lamk. Dict.i. '^U—Rhecde llort. Mai. vii. t. 9.
Tropical Himalaya and throughout the hotter parts of India from thePANJAB and
BiHMA to Ceylon and Malacca.
Stems more slender and less succulent than in V. setosa. Leaves 2-6 in. on long
petioles; leaflets usually shortly stalked, 1-3 in., ovate or obovate, rounded or acute,
serrate or dentate. Tendrils opposite the leaves, slender, wiry, usually branched.
Flowers white, larger than in V. setosa, unibellately cymose, the peduncle equalling
the petiole. Style conspicuous. Fruit turbinate, fleshy, 2-4-seeded. Seed \ by ^'m.
triangular, round on the back and with a linear tubercle, wedge-shaped on the tiace.
ft Stems woody.
a. Fruit under \ in. diam. round or ovoid {doubt/iU in V. subicaulis and
V. anamallayana).
38. V. bracteolata, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ^ ii. 483 ; Cat.
6023; stems smooth, flowers minute numerous, peduncles and pedicels
filiform.
SiLHET, De Silva ; Biiotan and Assam, Griffith.
Stems and leaves glabrous. Branches very slender. Leaves 3-5 in. ; petiole nearly
as long as the leaflets ; leaflets nearly sessile or shortly stalked, lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate or ovate-acute, serrate, membranous or subc')riaceous. Floicers far the
smallest of the genus, disposed in pubescent divaricating Aliform cymes. Cymes on a
long slender peduncle. Style 0. Fruit the size .of a f)ea, round, black, 2-3-8eeded.
Seed I by ^ in., obovoid or globose, finely lAuricate.
39. V. ang-ustifolla, Wall. Cat. 6033 ; stems smooth, cymes usually
under 1 in. long shorter than the petiole, flowers dioecious, larger than in
V. bracteolata, fruit the size and colour of a black currant 1-2-seeded,
seed hemispherical hollow, pale. Wigid Ic. 176. Cissus angustifolia,
Roxb. FL Ind. i. 408 ; DC. Frodr. i. 631. C. trifoliata 7/6. Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 6013 ? K.
Assam, Silhet, and the Khasia Mts. — Distrib. Sumntra [Roxburgh), Hongkong.
Stems flcxuous, dark-coloured, glabrous. Leaves 3-6 in.; petiole \^-2^ in.;
leaflets shortly stalked, lanceolate, serrate, glabrous, .membranous. Tendrils simple.
Vitis.] xLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 655
Cymes usually nearly sessile, very much smaller and more robust than in the
last species. Floioers greeu. Style ; stigma large flat. Fruit dry, 2-4-seeded.
Seed 5 in. diam., girt about the middle by a ridge, hollow, the small opening
closed by a thin membrane closely resembling that of V. Boxhurghii. — Specimens from
Assam have leaves 8 in. long or more, and the cymes on longer petioles and more
diffuse.
40. V. canarensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Jowti. Bot. iii. 123; stem
herbaceous pale warted, cymes about 2 in. shorter than the petioles, fruit
i in. globose nearly smooth.
Western Peninsula; Canara, Dalzell.
Leaves 7-8 in. ; petiole 3-34 in.; leaflets 4 by 2 in., shortly stalked, elliptic, pubes-
cent on both surfaces, at length glabrous. Petals distinct. Style short, stigma acute.
— Very closely allied to V. lanceolaria, of which it may prove to be a broad-leaved
variety.
41. V. Boxburg-hii, W. & A. Prodr. 127 (exd. synonyms); quite
glabrous, stems slender, bark smooth black shining, cymes longer than the
petioles, fruit the size of a currant 2-4-seeded, seeds hemispheric hollow
cup-shaped, the opening closed by a membrane.
Western Peninsula ; Courtallam, Wight.
Leaves 5-8 in., glossy, glabrous, very membranous; petiole 2 in. ; leaflets 3-7 in.,
stalks |-1 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, entire. Tendrils simple, long,
slender. Cymes shortly pedunculate, 3-4 in., branches divaricating. Flowers small,
green. Style conspicuous. — The seed closely resembling that of F. pedata, but a little
larger and darker- coloured.
This, by inspection of the specimen in Wight's herbarium, I have determined to
be undoubtedly Wight and Arnott's species, although in the description they say
that the cymes are much shorter than the petioles, almost approaching a panicle, and
the leaves occasionally 4-5-foliolate. Roxburgh's Cissus feminea, which they identify
with it, and owing to which the specific name of Boxhurghii was given to Wight's
plant, is V. lanceolaria.
42. V. reticulata, Thwaites Enum. 63 (Cissus) ; stems slender, whole
plant quite glabrous, cymes longer than the petioles, leaves prominently
reticulated, fruit ovoid the size of a cherry pale rose-coloured.
Ceylon ; in the Ambagamowa district, Thwaites.
Leaves 6-8 in.; petiole 14-24 in.; leaflets 4-6 in., stalks |-1 in. long, broadly
elliptic-ovate, cuspidate, the upper half obscurely denticulate, membranous. Flowers ?
Seed ^ in. — Thwaites remarks that this species is closely allied to some forms of V.
pedata, differing from it chiefly in the form and character of the leaves, and larger
fruit ; the trifoliolate character of the leaves he suggests may not be constant.
43. V. peduncularis, Wall. Cat. 6024; stems exceedingly coarse thick
and woody, young branches cymes and petioles puberulous, cymes 6 in.
diffuse equalling the petioles, fruit the size of a pea red, seed i by | in.
triangular-obovoid emarginate coarsely angled or muricate pale.
Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves 1 ft. long; petiole 6 in. ; leaflets elliptic, or subobovate, acute or rounded at
the apex, coarsely dentate-serrate, at length glabrous, coriaceous. Tendrils simple,
stout. Cymes 6 in. long ; peduncle 2 in. Flowers very small, often unisexual. Fruit
globose, black, pruinose, 4-seeded,
44. V. himalayana, Brand. For. Fl. 100; quite glabrous the
younger parts subfieshy, stem robust, lateral leaflets very oblique,
cymes as long as the leaves, flowers large, fruit the size of a pea black,
seed i by i in. roundly obovoid nearly smooth polished black. Vitis
656 Lxiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis'.
(Ampelopsis) neilgherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 965. Ampelopsis himalayana,
Hoyle III. 149. Cissus himalayana, TFalp. Rep. i. 441.
Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 6-9000 ft., to Sikkim, ;alt. 6-11,000 ft.
Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft. Pegu, Kurz. Western Peninsula; Pulney Mts.,
Wight.
Bark emooth, or on the older branches with a few small warts. Leaves 3-8 in.,
membranous or subcoriaceous, often glossy ; petiole 1^-4 in. ; leaflets 2-5 in., sharply ov
inciso-serrate, the terminal ovate or obovate, rounded at the base or subcordate, acumi-
nate, lateral J-ovate or ^-cordate. Tendrils 0. Floicers ^ in., in Bubcorjmbose dicho-
tomous cymes, rarely 5-fnerou8. Style short, stout. J^ruit 4-8eeded.
Var. semicordata,\\ aW. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 481 (species) ; youn<x branches
petioles and the nerves beneath the leaves hispidly pubescent, leaves smaller than in the
type, tendrils sometimes present branched. Wall. Cat. 6020. Himalaya and Khasia
Mts. — Perhaps this ought not to be distinguished even as a variety.
45. V. anaxnallayana, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 213; a very
large glabrous climber, petiole 1-2 in., leaflets 3.^-4 in. ovate-lanceolate
with a long acumination sharply serrate conspicuously reticulate beneath,
peduncles shorter than the petioles, cymes lax.
Western Peninsula; banks of rivers on the Anamallay hills, alt. 5000. ft.,
Beddome.
Leaves of the younger branches simple, ovate-lanceolate, of the older usually trifo-
liolate ; petiole 'glandular ; leaflets nearly equal. — The description ia too imperfect to
determine with exactness the proper affinities of this species.
46. V. Gardnerl, Thwaites Enum. 63 (Cissus); branches terete ru-
fescent, petioles about 1 in., leaflets 2-3 in. by 1-1^ in., cymes few-flowered
rufescent much longer than the petioles, fruit the size of a pea blackish-
purple.
Ceylon ; Matele and Hunasgirie district, Thwaites.
Jjeiiflets glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, repand-dentate, cuneate at the base, lateral leaflets
oblique, smaller. /Stiptdes cordate-oblong, adnate.
b. Fruit globose^ 1 in. or more in diameter.
47. V. mollissixna, Wall, in Roxb. Ft. Ind. ed. Carey ^ ii. 482 ; stems
slender when young covered with long hispid hairs, leaves hairy on both
surfaces, style long slender, fruit dry 1 in. diam. Wall. Cat. 6012.
Penano, WalUch; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Stems at length glabrous. Leaves 5-8 in., covered with long soft dense hairs,
membranous ; petiole 2-3^ in. ; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or subacu-
niinate, faintly serrate, lateral veiy oblique. Tendrils very slender, forked. Flowers
about -jV in., long peduncled, divaricating cymes equalling the petioles. Fruit 2-3-
Bceded. Seed | by ^ in., elliptic-oblong, boat-shaped, rounded and polished on the
back and with a linear tubercle hollow on the face. — Wallich describes the fruit as
being " nearly the size of a cherry ;'' but the ripe ones in specimens from Malacca are
very much larger.
48. V. tuberculata, Blume Bijd. 189 (Cissus); stem'very warty gla-
brous, leaves quite glabrous coriaceous, style very short, stigma subpeltate,
fruit dry \\ in. diam.
Pegu, McCklland. — Distrib. Java.
"Whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves 8 in. to 1 ft. ; petiole 24 in. ; leaflets shortly
stalked, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire or very faintly serrate
towards the tip, margin slightly re volute. Tendrils simple or forked. Flowers
very small, in dense compact cymes under 1 in., almost sessile. Fruit on very
short thick pedicels, dry, membranous, brown, 1-3-seeded. Seed | by | in., obovoid
Viiis.] xLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 657
emarginate, grooved on the back and in the groove a long linear tubercle, the raphe
also lying in a groove on the face. — According to Blume, the leaves are sometimes 4-5-
foliolate.
c. Fruit oblong suhfalcate, \ in. long.
49. V. campylocarpa, Kurz mss. ; whole plant quite glabrous, fruit
1-seeded, seed \ by i in. cylindrical curved transversely wrinkled, style 0,
stigma large subpeltate.
AssAur, Griffith ; Pegu, Kurz.
Stems round. Leaves 6-8 in., coriaceous; petiole 24-4 in. ; leaflets stalked, obovate,
suddenly and shortly acuminate, fiiintly seiTate towards the tip. Tendrils 0. Flowers
in nearly sessile very diffuse widely divaricating cymes longer than the petiple. Fruit
dark-brown, not pulpy, pericarp reduced to a thin membrane.
** Petals and stamens 5.
50. V. divaricata, Wall, in Hh. 18^4 ; ex Cat. 5994 h under V.
rugosa ; whole plant covered with deciduous down, stems cylindric, leaves
6 in.-l ft, terminal leaflet ovate acute or subacuminate lateral semi-cordate.
Temperate Himalaya, from Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 6-700 ft., to E. Nepal, alt.
3-4000 ft. ; Maisor, Rerh. Bottler.
Stems slender, far-climbing. Leaves thinly membranous, 3- rarely 5-foliolate ; petiole
3r4 in. ; leaflets serrate, at length glabrous or nearly so. Flowers dark-brown or red,
in small compact umbellate cymes on long woolly peduncles, which bear a forked ten^
dril about 1 in. from the top. Stijle very short. Fruit globose, the size of a currant,
black, 3-4-seeded. Seed ^ by \ in., almost round, flat, emarginate, pale coloured. —
Wight & Arnott unite this with V. toinentosa, to which it is very closely allied, but
differs sufficiently in the composition and texture of the leaves.
51. V. araneosus, Dah. & Gibs. Bomb.Fl. 41?; whole plant covered
with a deciduous down except on the under surface of the leaves where it
is persistent, stems flattened, leaves 4-6 in., terminal leaflet elliptic, lateral
semi-elliptic.
Western Peninsula ; highest Ghats of the Concan ; Pulney Mts., Wight.
Stems slender, far-climbing. Leaves membranous ; petiole 1-2 in. ; leaflets shortly-
stalked, serrate, at length glabrous above, felted beneath. Flowers and fruit as in
V. divaricata. Seeds ^ by ^ in., elliptic, with a round depression on the back, puckered
round the margins.
Sect. III. Leaves mostly 5-foliolate, digitate. (See 58, cinnamomea.)
t Flowers umbellate hardly cymose.
52. V. obtecta, Wall. Cat. 6026; branches rooting, young branches
petioles and peduncles clothed with soft villous red hairs, petioles l^-2Hn.,
leaflets all under 4 in., flowers 4-merous. V. hederacea, Wall. Cat. 6019,
in part.
Western Himalaya, from Kumaon, alt. 6000 ft., Thomson; to Nipal, Wallich. —
DisTRiB. YuTian.
Young branches very slender, creeping, older with a roughish bark and covered with
numerous short aerial rootlets. Leaflets ovate or obovate, sessile or nearly s(\ serrate,
glabrous, membranous, lateral much smaller than the terminal. Tendrils branched, very
slender, short. Flowers unisexual, ^ in. long. Style 0, stigma flat. Fruit immature,
the size of a currant, globose, l-seeded, black? Seed?
tt Flowers umbellate in divaricating subcorymbose cymes.
53. V. Thomson!, Lav)s. ; stems cylindric slender, whole plant gla-
brous, leaves glaucous deep green, petiole 2-3 in., leaflets 3-4 by 1^2 in.
VOL. L U U
658 xLiii. ampelide;e. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis»
elliptic-lanceolate serrate pale beneath, flowers 4-merous, seed dark pinkish-
red.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft., H.f. & T.
A low creeper, turning red. Leaflets narrowed into short stalks. Tendrils stoutish,
branching. Flowers in slender widely divaricating cymes, gr^en. Sti/le subulate.
I^ruit the size of a currant, globose, 2-4-8eeded, pruinose. /Seed ^in., obovoid, rounded
on the back, wedge-shaped on the face.
54. V. elong-ata, Wall. Cat. 6016 ; whole plant quite glabrous, branches
slightly flattened thick and succulent polished, petioles 5-8 in., leaflets
5-7 by 2-2 .V in. elliptic-lanceolate shortly acuminate serrate membranous
narrowed into a stalky flowers 4-merous. Cissus elongata, Boxb. Ft. Lid.
i 411 ; W.d; A. Prodr. 128.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 1-5000 ft., Silhet and Bengal; Cokomandel, Roxburgh.
A very large climber running up and over the highest trees. Branches few or
until the plant airives at a great height. Tendrils simple. Cymes< di-trichotomous,.
the last divisions shr rt ending in small umbels. Style short. Fr^iit 1 by \ in.,
elliptic, smooth, black, 1 -seeded. Seed f in., obovate, smoothish. — Wight & Arnott
bay that the leaves in this species, as also in the next, are sometimes pedate.
55. V. auriculata, Eoxh. Fl. Lnd. i. 411 (Cissus) ; branches cylindric
.succulent the younj? part.s softly pubescent, petioles 4-7 in., leaflets on long
«talks 2-() by 1-4 in. obovate acute or shortly acuminate serrate mem-
branous, flowers 4-merous. W(dl. Cat. 6031 ; W. d: A. Prodr. 129, in part ;
Wight Ic. 145. Cissus auriculata, DC. Prodr. i. 632; Dalz. <L' Gihs.Bomh.
FL 40.
81KKIM Himalaya ; alt. 3-5000 ft., and Chittagono, LL.f. & T. ; Bengal and Birma,
Wallich; Maisor, Heyne.
A large climber like V.elovgata. ^arZ; of the older stems spongy and deeply cracked.
Lxaves softly pubescent beneath when young, at length glabrous; stipules large, ear-
shaped. Tendrils 2-3-cleft. Flowers small. Cymes on long thick weak succulent
peduncles, divaricating, longer than the petiole. Fruit the size of a cherry, globdse,
red, 1 -seeded. Seed elliptical, rounded at the base, ^ by ^%t in. — None of the leaxes
in the many specimens I have met with are pedate, as Wight & Arnott say; indeed,
the specimens in Wight's herbarium numbers 427 and 967 do not belong to this species,
but to V. lanceolaria.
56. V. planicaulis, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5685 ; whole nlant quite
glabrous, stems greatly flattened, petioles 4-7 in., leaflets on stalks l-\\ in.
5-8 by 2-3 in. oblong-lanceolate subacuminate obtusely-serrate mem-
branous or subcoriaceous, flowers 4-merous.
SiKKiM Himalaya, and Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft.
A vast climber reaching to the top of the highest trees, and sending down from its
branches long thin leafless bands. Stems at the base often 1 4 ft. wide and 1 in. thick.
Tendrils stout, simple. Flowers green. Cymes subcorymbose with divaricating
branches. Style subulate; stigma 4-lobed. Fruit the size of a cherry, round, red?
l-2-8eeded. Seed 4 by \ in., nearly cylindrical, transversely rugose.
57. V. obovata, Lawn.; branches petioles peduncles and tendrils
clothed with a long soft spreading fidvous pubescence, stems much flat-
tened, petiole 4-7 in., lenflets 6-10 in. stalked glabrous except upon the
stalks obovate acute or subacuminate distantly and coarsely serrate.
Kha.'^ia Mts., alt. .3-4000 ft., H. f. & T.
Tendrils stout, simple, very long. Cymes shortly pedunculate, subcorymbose with
divaricating branches., Flowers t Fruit the size of a cherry, globose, 2-sceded.
Vitis.\ xLTii. AMPELiDEZE. (M. A. Lawson.) 659
Seeds ^ in., 6ho\o\d? — Probably a tall climber like the last species. These five last
species, though easily distinguishable by the characters given above, are very closely
allied.
ttt Flowers in long pendulous racemose woolly spikes.
58, V. cinnamomea, Wall, in Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 483 ; Cat.
6989, in part ; stems covered with a thin yellowish or pale rust-coloured
closely adhering tomentum, leaves simple to 3-foliolate at length glabrous
above felted beneath, spikes spreading or ascending, fruit triangular-
obcordate 1-seeded, seeds i by i in. broadly obcordate.
Malacca, Penang, and Sincapore, Wallich, &c.
Apparently a large climber. Stems slender, cylindric, woody. Leaves usually
3-foliolate ; petiole 3-6 in., sometimes simple, 3-lobed, cordate ; leaflets narrowed into a
very short stalk, 3^-8 by 2-3 in., terminal elliptic, lateral halt-cordate, sharply and
bristly serrate. Bacemes cirrhiierous, very slender. Seed curved with a small round
tubercle on the back, margins muricate. — The more slender habit, the thinness of the
tomentum, the 1-seeded truit aud the shape of the seed, all point to this being distinct
from V. compositifolia.
59. V. compositifolla, Laws. ; stems covered with a very thick rnst-
coloured tomentum, leaves 5-foliolate glabrous above or tomentose on the
principal nerves only densely felted beneath, spikes spreading very densely
woolly, fruit | by | in, 4-angled 4-seeded, seed elliptic acute at the apex
emarginate at the base slightly curved flattish and smooth on the back
sharply ridged on the face. V, cinnamomea var. compositifolla, Wall. Cat.
5989 B.
Pbnang, Phillips ; Malacca, Maingay.
A vast climber, with thick branches. Petioles 6-10 in. ; petiolules 1 in. ; leaflets
6-10 by 24-3^ in., narrowly obovate, sharply and bristly serrate, cuspidate, coriaceous.
Bacemes 2 ft., much more robust than in V. cinnamomea, cirrhiferous. Fruit black,
pulpy.
60. V. eleg'ans, Kurz in Nat. Tydsch. v. Ned. Lnd. {see Journ. Beng.
As. Soc. 1870, pt. i. 74) ; stems covered with a very dense dark red woolly
tomentum, leaves 3-5-foliulate velvety above densely felted beneath, spikes
reflexed. V. cinnamomea. Wall. Cat. 5989, in part. V. coralloides, Hook.
/. mss.
Sincapore, Walker, &c.
Petioles 2-24 i^^- \ leaflets 3-6 by l|-3 in., sessile, obovate, bristly serrate. Tendrils
opposite the leaves or springing from the peduncle. Fruit ? — Much like V. compositi-
folia, but more robust, the tomentum also is darker denser and persistent on the
upper surface of the leaves.
Sect. IV. Leaves mostly pedately 5-foliolate. Flowers 4-merous.
t Flowers umhellately cymose.
61, V. capriolata, Bon Prodr. 188; whole plant quite glabrous,
stipules and bracts scarious, style 0, stigtna large flat. V. serrulata, Wall.
Cat. 6034 a. V, hederacea, Wall. Cat. 6019, in pari. C. capriolata, Hoyle
III. t. 26. C. serrulata, Hoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 414; DC. Prodr. i. 632. C,
napaulensis, DC Prodr. i. 632,
Temperate Himalaya; from Garwhal? alt. 4-7000 ft., to Sikkim and Bhotan., alt.
5-8000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft. Chittagong, Roxb.
Stems very slender, wiry. Leaves 5-foliolate; petiole 14-24 in.; leaflets 14-3 by
^-14 in., lanceolate or narrowly ovate or subobovate, acute or subacuminate, bristly-
UU 2
660 XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis,
senate in the notches. Tendrils slender, simple or forked. Cymes axillary or termi-
nating in fihort lateral branches, pedunculate ; peduncles usually with several scarious
conspicuous bracts, 3-5-rayed, rays several-flowered. Flowers pedicelled ; pedicels
\-^ in. Fruit the size of a currant, globose, 2-4-8eeded, blacic. Seed ^ by \ in., pale,
obovoid, thick, rounded and muricate on the back, and with a linear tubercle, flattened
on the face.
ft Flowers suhcoryinhosely cymose.
62. V. tenuifolia, W. d- A. Prodr. 120 ; whole plant quite glabrous,
leaves membranous, tendrils simple or forked, peduncles long, cymes some-
what diffuse axillary but often owing to the sudden suppression of the flower-
bearin? branch appearing terminal, fruit the size of a pea 1-4-seeded,
seed i by ^in. triangular. V. paniculata, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 6022 «,
in part, and b. Cissus japonica, Wilid. ; DC. Prodr. i. 632. C. tenuifolia,
Heyne in Wall. Gat. 6022 a, in part. C. cymosa, Wall. Cat. 6017. C.
truncata, Wall. Cat. 6032.
NiPAL, Wallich; SiKKiM HIMALAYA, alt. 1-5000 ft., J.D.H.; the Khasia Mts.,
A^sAM, BiRMA, Pegu, Tenasherim, and Malacca. Western Penissdla, in the
Southern provinces. — Distriu. Cbina and Japan.
Stems slender, herbaceous. Petiole 2-4 in.; leaflets shortly stalked, 1-3 by ^2 in.,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate. TendHls short, slender. Flowers
m divaricating dichotomous cymes, bisexual. Style short, stigma large, subpeltate.
Fruit turbinate-globose. Seed rounded and muricate on the back, shai-ply ridged on
the face.
63. V. mollis, Wall. Cat. 6025 ; whole plant covered with a short
soft ])ul)escence, leaves membranous, jdowers fruit and seed as in V.
tenuifolia.
SiKKiM HrwALAYA ; alt, 1-3000 ft., /, D. II. Khasia Mts., alt. 0-3000 ft. Silhet
and CiiiTTAGONo. Malacca, Griffith.
Closely resembilng V. tenuifolia in habit. Petiole f-l^in.; leaflets conspicuonsly
stalked, 14-3 by ^-1^ in., ovate, broadly lanceolate or subovate, serrate.
. 64. V. lanceolarla, Roocb. Ft. Ind. i. 412 (Cissus) ; whole plant quite
ghiV)r(>us witli exception of the inflorescence, branches round covered
with corky warts or tubercles, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, tendrils
simple, cymes very short and compact in the axils of the leaves, flowers
unisexual, fruit the size of a small cherry dry ?, seed \ in. subpyriform
or almost globose. Wall. Cat 6013, in part ; W. d: A. Prodr. 128; Wight
Ic. t. 177; Brand. For. Fl. 101. V. muricata, W. <k A. Prodr. 128;
Wall. Cat. 6015 ; Wight Ic. t. 740. V. serratifolia, W. d A. Prodr. 128 (non
Rottl). Cissus feminea, Roxb. FL Ind. i, 410 ; DC. Prodr. i. 631. C. lan-
ceolaria, DC. Prodr. i. 632 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 33 ; Thwaites Enum. 63.
C. muricata, Dalz. d Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 40 ; Thwaites Enum. 63.
Assam, Pegu, and the Eastern Peninsula, from Tenassorim to Malacca. Western
Peninsula, from the Concan southwards, Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft.
Branches woody. Leaves 5-foHolate, pedate, more rarely 3-folioIate ; petiole 1^
3 in. ; leaflets 3-5 by 1-2 in., stalked, oblong-lanceolate, distantly serrate. Style short,
btigma peltate sublobed. Fruit subflesliy ?, globose, l-4?-seeded. — In all those speci-
mens which 1 have examined, the fruit has been 1-2- not 4-seeded as stated by Kox-
burgh, Wight, and Arnott, also smaller than a cherry,
Vau. 1 ; stems smooth. — This appears intermediate between V. lanceolaria and V.
Ho >keri, and in some respects answers better to Roxburgh's description of V. lanceo-
ilanothan the one given above. — Assam.
Var. 2; assimilis, Kukz mss, {Sp.); stems cylindric somewhat smooth, petiole
Vitis.] XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 601
4-6 in., leaflets 4 by 2 J in. sessile elliptic with a reflexed tip between fleshy and coria-
ceous nerves prominent beneath. — Probably a distinct species. — Tenasserim, Kurz.
Var. 3 ; stems weak coarse tubercled, leaves very large subcoriaceous sharply ser-
rate, cymes exceedingly short. — This also will probably prove to be distinct. — Penang,
Maingay.
Q6. V. sulcata, Laws. ; whole plant quite glabrous, branches smooth
sulcate, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, tendrils simple, cymes shorter
than the leaves, fruit 1 in. diam. pulpy? 4-seeded, seed | by i in. oblong
somewhat flattened on the face. V. lanceolaria, Wight Ic. t. 28.
Western Peninsula ; Herl. Wight.
A climbing shrub. Leaves 5-f'oliolate, pedate, or rarely 3-foliolate ; petiole 2i in. ;
leaflets 3-5 by l\-2% in., stalked, ovate, acuminate, seiTate. J^lnvers? Fruit glo-
bose, smooth, black. /Seed with a narrowly clavate tubercle on the back. — The smooth
sulcate stems, large fruit, and shape of the seed, forbid this being regarded as a
variety of V. lanceolaria, although it is very closely allied to that species.
66. V. dubla, Laws. ; whole plant glabrous, branches cylindric smooth,
leaves membranous, tendrils simple, cymes shorter than the petioles, fruit
the size of a pea dry 2-seeded, seed i by ^ in. oblong,
SiKKiM Hlmalaya, aft. 1-4000 ft., H.f. S T. Chittagong? H. f. S T.
A scandent shrub ; branches slender, striate. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, rarely 5-
foliolate, pedate ; p«tiole 2-4 in. ; leaflets stalked, 3-8 by l|-2^ in., ovate-lanceolate
or elliptic, acuminate, deeply almost incisely serrate. Cymes 1-1 4 i^i-) compact.
67. V. Kookeri, Laws.; whole plant glabrous or the cymes only
slightly pubescent, branches cylindric smooth or only slightly warty
glaucous, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, tendrils simple, cymes shorter
than the petioles^ fruit 1 in. diam. pulpy 2-seeded, seed i by i in. oblong
or subobovoid.
SiKKiM Himalaya, the Khasia Mts., and Chittagong, alt. 1-4000 ft., H. /. & T.
Bhotan and Assam, Griffith. — Distiub, Java.
A large climber. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate ; petiole 4^6 in. ; leaflets stalked, 4-8
by 2-3^ in., elliptic, acute at both ends or shortly acuminate at the apex, serrate.
Tendrils very long. Cymes 1 J-2^ in.
68. V. rumicisperxna, Laws.; whole plant glabrous, branches cylindric
covered with corky warts or tubercles, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous,
tendrils forked, cymes as long as or longer than the leaves, fruit the size of
a large currant 4-seeded pulpy, seed i by i in. broadly triangular-obcordate.
V. lanceolaria, Wall. Cat. 6013 h. V. tuberculata, Wall. Cat. 6014.
NiPAL and Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 3-7000 ft., WaUich, &c. Khasia Mts.,
ILf.&T.
An immense climber. Leaves usually pedately 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate ; petiole
3-6 in.; leaflets 3-6 by 1-24 i'>-) elliptic-lanceolate, serrate. Fruit black. Seed with a
broad .shallow groove on the back and a sharp ridge formed by the raphe on the face.
The fruit is sweet and pleasant to the taste. /. D. M. — Closely allied to V. lanceo-
laria, but readily distinguished by its somewhat smaller fruit, and particularly by the
shape of its seed.
Sect. V. Leaves mostly pedately T-Q-foliolate. Flowers mostly 5-merous.
t Flowers corymhosely cymose.
69. V. pedata, VaM in Herb. Madr. ex Wall. Cat. 6027 ; whole plant
softly pubescent or glabrate, leaves membranous, tendrils forked, cymes as
long as or longer than the petiole, fruit the size of a currant dry 4-seeded,
662 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis.
seed I in. diam. hemispherical hollowed out on the flat side and the opening
closed by a thin membrane. W. (ft A. Pi^odr. 128. Cissiis heptaphylla,
Uetz Obs. 22. C. pedata, Lamk. ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 413 ; DC. Prodr. i. 632;
Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 33 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. FL 40 ; Thwaites Emm. 63.
C. serratifolia, Hb. Rottl. Melothrix zeylanica, Koen. in Hb. Banks. — Pheede
Hort. Mai. vii. t. 10.
Bengal, Silhet, Assam, the Khasia Mts., alt. 0-3000 ft. Birma and from Tenas-
8ERIM to Singapore and Penang. Western Pj^^ninsula, from the Concan southwards,
and in Cevi.on. — Distrib. Mahiyan Archipelago.
A large weak climber, with cylindric ofien hirsute branches. Leaves usually 7-
foHolate ; petiole 4-6 in.; leaflets on long stalks, 4-8 by 14-3 in., oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, serrate, often at length nearly glabrous. Cymes subcorymbose with widely
divaricating branches. Flo^cers bi8e.xual, green, covered with a greyish pubescence.
P'ricit subglobose, somewhat flattened at the apex. — The seed resembles exactly that of
V. lioxhurghii, but is rather smaller.
70. V. novemfolia, Wall. Cat. 6030 ; whole plant glabrous, branches
cylindric smooth, leaves membranous, tendrils forked, cymes on very long
peduncles nearly as long as tiie leaves, fruit 1] in. diam. pulpy 4-seeded,
seed I by -^^ in. boat-shaped with tlie ends sliglitly curved inwards hollow
the elliptic opening clo.sed by a thin membrane.
Singapore, Wallich, Griffith.
iStems dark-brown, shining. Leaves pedately 7-9-foliolate ; petiole 4-6 in. ; leaflets
5-8 in., on long stalks, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Peduncles longer than the petioles.
Flowers small, green. Fruit globose, black.
tt Fhnjoeri in long dender pendulous racemose spikes.
71. V. Kelferi, Laws.; stems cylindric somewhat slender the young
parts covered with a pale deciduous tomentum, leaves 5-7-folioJate glabrous
except on the nerves beneath, petiole 3-4 in., leaflets 3-6 by 1^-2^ in.
shortly stalked broadly oblanceolate serrate submembrauous.
Tenasserim or Andaman Islb., Heifer.
Peduncles opposite the leaves, cirrhiferous. Racemes 1 ft. or more long, very slender.
Flowers glabrous, black when dry, subquadrangular. iStyle 0, stigma minute. Fruit f
72. V. polystachya, Wall. Cat. 6028, in part; stems cylindric very
coarse and thick situedily becoming covered with a thick corky bark, whole
plant quite glabrous with the exception of the spikelets whicii are slightly
puberulous, petiole 6 in., leaflets mostly 6-12 by 3-4 in. elliptic-oblong
cuspidate distantly serrate on long stalks coriaceous.
Tenasserim or Andaman Isls., Heifer; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib.
Siam.
Peduncles opposite the leaves, robust, cirrhiferous. Tendrils atout. Racemes, 2 ft. ;
spikelets 2 in., covered with a short slight appressed pubescence. FUmers glabrous,
black when dry. Pttah united. iStyle very short. Fruit (immature) % in. diam.,
globose, succulent. Seedf
73. V. nitlda, Laws. ; stems cylindric smooth, bark shredding, whole
plant quite glabrous, petiole 4-6 in. leaflets 7 on long stalks 8-10 by 3-4 in.
elliptic-oblong acute distantly and faintly serrate shining beneath mem-
branous, stipules large broadly ovate. V. polystachya, Wall. Cat. 6028 in
pai't and 9031.
Penang, Wallich. — Distrib. Siam.
Pi'dancles opposite tlie leaves, robust, 1 ^ ft., cirrhiferous, quite glabrous. Flowers
small, black when dry, subquadrangular. Petals united ? /Style very short. Fruit i —
Vitis.\ XLiti. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 663
These 3 last species are closely allied to V. clnnamomea and V. elegans, and with
them form the binding link between this genus and Fterisanthes.
Sect. VI. Leaves 1-3-pinnate.
74. V. rublfolla, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. eel Carey, ii. 480 ; Cat. ^037 ;
branches and younger parts pubescent, leaves pinnate, leaflets closely and
sharply serrate.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft., De Silva, &c.; Silhet, Waltich. Assam, blasters.
A large climbing shrub, branches slender, angular. Leaves 6-9 in. ; leaflets 2^-3^ by
l-2,\ in., shortly stalked, 3-5-paired, subcordate-ovate, acute or subacuminate.
Tendrils forked, glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Flowers small, green, umbel-
late in slender dichotonjoiis subcorymbose cymes. Fruit the size of a currant, red,
turning black. Seed ^ by | in., broadly obovoid, the back rounded and with a
spathulate tubercle, the margins transversely rugose, face sharply wedge-shaped, light-
brown.
75. V. cantonlensis, Seem. Bot. Herald Voy. 370; whole plant quite
glabrous, leaves pinnate or the lower pair of pinnae ternately compound.
Cissus cantoniensis, Hook, dc Am. Bot. Beech. 175. C. diversifolia, Walp.
PL Meyen. 314. Hedera hypoglauca, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 724.
Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Hongkong.
Stem slender, cylindric. Leaflets 5-paired, 2-3 by |-1 in., ovate-lanceolate, coarsely
crenate, whitish beneath. Tendrils branched. Flowers small, in dichotomons corym-
bose cymes, 5-merous ? Style subulate. Fruit and seed as in V. ruhifolia. — A spe-
cimen in Herb. Hook., marked Khasia, Griffith, is evidently a fragment of the plants
collected in Malacca.
DOUBTFUL OR EXCLUDED SPECIES.
CissDS acutipolia, Poir.,' DO. JProdr. i. 630. Description too short for identifica-
tion.
C. Wallichiana, Turcz. in Bull. Moso. is Hedera Helix, L.
ViTis atroviridis. Wall. Cat. 6040, is Gymnostemma trigyna.
V. erytiiroclada, Kurz in Journ. As. Sac. Beng. 1872, ii. 301, from Pegu {Kurz)
is apparently allied to V. ohovata, but the description is not sufficient for identification.
V. TEicHOPHORA, Wall. Cat. 9032, is Gymnostemma trigyna ?
2. PTBRXSANTKBS, Blume.
Large scandent or sarmentose plants furnished with tendrils. Leaves
alternate, simple or 3-7-foliolate, digitate or pedate. Flowers small, 4-5-
merous, inserted on a flat expanded membranous pedunculated rachis,
unisexual ; male flowers marginal, often pedicellate ; female sessile. Calyx
cup-shaped or obsoletely toothed. Petals separating. Ovary 2-celled ; style
very short, stigma capitate. Berry globose or obovoid, 1-4-seeded. —
Distrib. Sp. 5 or 6. Malay and Indian archipelago.
Very closely allied to Vitis, especially to those forms of the genus in which the
flowers are sessile on racemose spikes. Miquel is probably right in uniting it with
Vitis.
1. P. pollta, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 95; whole plant quite
glabrous, leaves simple.
Martaban, at Moulmein, Lolib ; Singapore, J/aiw^a?/. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.
An exceedingly slender far-climbing plant. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 i"-) elliptic-oblong
or ovate, acute, subcordate, distantly and spinosely serrate or entire, membranous.
Tendrils bearing the red expanded rachis. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit i
GGi XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) \Pterisanthes.
2. P. heteraxitlia» GriJ". Notul. iv. 694, iinder Embamma ; branches
leaves and x>eduncle3 densely and persistently tomentose, leaves 3-
foliolate.
Malacca, Griffith, Mahgay.
A very slen^ler far-climbing plant. Leaves membranous; petiole 4-7 in,; leaflets
5-8 in., on stalkB %-\\ in., teriniijal leaflet lanceolate, the two lateral obliquely ^-cori^late,
serrate, covered above with stiff spreading hairs, beneath with a rust-coloured felteii
toraentum. Tendrils very short, bearing the expanded rachis. Flowers 4-G-merou8.
Fruit f — Very nearly allied to Miquei's V. ruj'via, if not identical with it.
3. P. oissoides, Bhnne Bijd. 193 ; leaves 3-folialate, brancbes leaves
and peduncles covered with a sparse white deciduous flocculent down.
Miguel ill Liimaa xviii. 385, t. viii. Cissus involucrata, /Spreuy. Sj/st. iv.
pt. li. 44. Embamma cordigera, Grif". Nutul. iv. 694 ; Ic. Fl. Asiat. t. 646.
Vitis pterisantha, Miq. Ann. Mus. LufjJ. Bat. i. 94.
Malacca, Griffith, Maiiigay. — Distrib. Java.
A slender climber. Leaves membranous ; petiole l^-Sin. ; leaflets shortly stalked,
3-4 by 2-2^ in.; terminal obovatc, lateral oblique, jialf cordate-ovate, distantly and spi-
n05:ely serrate, speedily becoming glabrous above, permanently pubescent on the nerves
beneath. TenJrUs short, bearing tlie glabrous expanded inflorescence. i^/o?/"er« 4-merou8.
Fruit globose, ^ in. diam., subflesliy, 2-ctlled, 4-beeded. iSeed i by ^ in., triangular,
rounded on the back, and with a sharp ridge beneath.
4. P. pedata, Laws.; leaves 5-foliolate covered with a sparse w^hite
flocculent down.
Malacca, Griffith, Main gay.
A slender climber, with glabrous branches. Leaves membranous ; petiole l§-2 in. ;
leaflets very shortly stalked, 24-3 by 1-1 J in., oblong-obovate, tipped with a hard
bristle, distantly audspinosely sen-ale, at length nearly glabrous above, nerves beneath
covered with a dense rusty tomeiitum. Tendrils short, bearing the glabrous inflo-
rescence. Flowers 4-merou8. Fruit i
3. liEBA, Linn.
Small trees shrubs or herbs. Braiiches striate or sulcate, often herbaceous.
Jjeaves alternate, usually very large,simple, or 1-2-3- pinnate ; petiole dilated
at the base into sheathing stipules, l^edunde.f opposite the leaves. Ten-
itrils 0. Injkivescence corymbosely-cyniose. Flowers reel, yellow or green.
Calyx 5-tootlied. Betals 5, connate at the base and adhering^to the sta-
rainal tube, revolute. Staviena united at the base into a 5-lobed tube,
filaments inserted between the lobes of the tube, inflexed; anthers Iree
and exserted, or connate and included in the tube. Ovcinj inserted on the
disk, 3-6-celled ; style short, stigma swollen ; ovules solitary in each cell,
erect. Berry 3-6-celled, 3-6-seeded, usually succulent, subglobose, flat-
tened at the top. Seed wedge-shaped. — Distrib. Species about 25 ; must
abundant in the tropics of Asia and Africa, rare in Australia.
Sect. I. Leaves simple.
1. 1m, macrophylla, Roxh. Fl. Ind. I 653; Wall. Cat. 6818 ; Wight
Ic. 1154; Daiz. (t Gibs. BomJ). Fl. 41 ; Brand. For. Fl. 102. L. latifoha,
Wall. Cat. 6821. L. simplicifolia, Griff. Notul. iv. 697 ; Ic. Fl, Asiat. 645,
f. 1.
Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Tkopical Himalaya, as far west
as Kumaon, to Bengal, Assam, Tenasserim ? and the Western Peninsula.
Leea.] xtiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 665
Stems erect, flexuose. Leaves 9 in. -2 ft., broadly ovate, subcordate at the base,
coarsely serrate or dentate or sublobod, repand, glabrous and dark-green above, nearly
white beneath, and pubescent with minute branching hairs. Cymes puberulous, 1 ft. or
more, freely branching. Flowers small, white. Anthers connected. Fruit the size
of a small cherry, smooth, black, succulent. — The root is said to yield a colour fit for
dyeing.
Sect. IT. Leaves pinnate (tripinnate leaves may occasionally be found on
luxuriant plants).
2. Xi. cinerea, Laws.; leaflets 6-9 by 4-5 in. elliptic-ovate serrate-
dentate repand dark-green and glabrous above pale beneath with minute
branching hairs membranous. 1 L. macrophylla, DC. Prodr. i. 635.
Western Peninsula ; at Paulgautcherry (in Malabar ?) Wight.
Stems herbaceous. Leaver about 2 ft" ; the lower leaflets on stalks 2-3 in., the
upper ones sessile. Cymes and Flowers as in L. macrophylla. Fruit f
3. Zi. coriacea, Laws. ; leaflets 10 by 4^ in. sessile ovate subcordate
at the base serrate-dentate not repand green and glabrous above rather
paler beneath and pubescent with minute nearly simple hairs coriaceous.
Western Peninsula ; the Concan, Stocks.
Stems herbaceous. Leaves about 2 ft. Flowers ? Fruiting -cymes large and fleshy,
branching freely. Fruii the siae of a large currant, dry. — I have seen only a single
specimen.
4. Zi. alata, Edgeworth in Tram. Linn. Soc, xx. 36 ; leaflets 12-14 by
2|-3 in. sessile oblong or oblong-lanceolate sharply and irregularly serrate
quite glabrous on both sides shining beneath reddish, Braiui. For. Fl. 102.
L. rubra, Fioyle III. 145, not of Blume.
Tropical Himalaya ; from Garwhal, Falconer, to Sikkim, alt. 1-5000 ft., /. D. H.
Stems herbaceous. Leaves shortly petioled ; petiole winged, reddish. Flowers red.
Anthers connate. Fruit the size of a large cui-rant, reddish-purple, succulent.
5. Zi. an^ustifolia, Laws. ; leaflets 1-1| ft. by f-1 in. on stalks i in.
linear-subulate acuminate subcordate at the base distantly serrate glabrous
on both sides.
Pegu, at Rangoon, M'Lelland.
Stems herbaceous. Leaves shortly petioled, about 2^ ft., pale glaucous-green.
Flowers ? Fruiting-cymes rather small though freely branching. Fruit the size of a
pea, dry. — Very closely allied to V. parallela.
6. Zi. crispa, Willd. Sp. Fl. i. 1177; stems branches peduncles and
petioles with crisped wings, leaflets shortly stalked 4-12 by ]^3|in.
oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong acuminate or acute rounded at the base
deeply and acutely serrate prominently penninerved, glabrous above minutely
pubescent on the nerves beneath coriaceous, nerves parallel straight one
running to each serrature. Jioxb. Fl. Ind. i. 654; Wall. Cai. 6627; DC*
Frodr. i. 635. L. pinnata, Andr. Lot. Rep. v. 355.
SiKKiM HiM.\LAyA and the Khasia Mts., alt. 1-4000 ft. ; Six<het» WaiUch- Assam,
Chittagong. The Concan, Law.
Stems herbaceous or somewhat woody, jointed, 4-5 ft. Leaves usually quinate-
pinnate. Cymes stoutish, small ; bracts minute. Anthers distinct. Fruit the size
of a cherry, black, succulent. — The crisped winged stems and petioles give to this
plant a most elegant appearance.
7. Zi. aspera, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 468; leaflets
on long stalks 3-6 by 2-3 in. cordate-ovate suddenly acuminate creuate-
666 XLiii. AMPELiDEiK. (M. A. Lawson.) [I^eea.
serrate prominently penninerved scabrous on both sides and with
scattered white appressed hairs between the nerves above, nerves
parallel straight one mnning to every other serrature. EcUjeivorth in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 36 ; Brandis For. Fl. 102. ? L. herbacea, Wall.
Cat. 6829, and 6824 E & G {in part) under L. staphylea.
Western Tropical Himalaya, from Janiu to Nipal, ascending to 6000 ft.; Oudh,
Khandeish. Western Peninsula, Wight; the Concw, Law ?
Stems herbaceous, erect, 2-4 ft., puljescent, not crisped. Lraves membranous or
subcoriaceous when old. C^7we« small, pubescent. ^4 n</ier« distinct. Fruit {lie size
of a large currant, black, succulent. — Nearly allied to L. crispa, from which it may be
always readily distinguished by the want of the crisped wings on the stems and petioles,
and by the white appressed hairs on the interccistal spaces. L. aspera, Wall. Cat.
6825, belongs to L. rohnsta, but the speciiuens in Wall. Herb, under 6824 e and g in
part are the true plant.
8. Xi. pumila, Kurz in Joxim. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 302 ; stems and
rachis not winged, leaves abruptly or imparipinnate 4-5-folioiate, leaflets
4 in. unequal subfalcate oblong-lanceolate entire puberulous on both sides
especially beneath chartaceous.
Tenassekim, Kurz.
A small perennial herb, covered with a dense fulvous or cinereous pubescence.
Raclm and cymes ferruginously tomentose. Flowers small, in axillary branching sub-
paniculate cymes, shorter than the leaves. Sepals ciliate and usually thinly iiirsnte.
jPetals broadly oblong, ciliate. Squaina bifid woolly within. — The above description is
taken from Kurz. I have seen no specimen. It would appear to be allied to L. tri-
foliata.
9. Zi. trlfoliata, Laws. ; young parts very slightly pubescent otherwise
glabrous, leaves 3-foliolate leaflets shortly stalked 2-8 by ^-3 in. elliptic
Bubacuminate sharply serrate very thin and membranous, nerves slightly
arcuate one running to every other serrature.
Assam, Jenkins, &c.; Bhotan, Booth; Misiimi hills, Griffith.
A small rather wiry plant, 1-2 ft. Cymes small. Anthers distinct. Fruit the size
of a currant, black, dry. — Closely allied to L. aspera, but wanting the white hairs on
tlie intercostal spaces, and ditlering apparently greatly in habit.
Sect. III. Leaves 2-3-pinnate (pinnate leaves may be occasionally found
in young or starved plants).
* Leaves glabrous.
10. Xi. parallela ; leaflets 6-10 by 1-2 in. very shortly stalked lan-
ceolate or oblong-lanceolate sharply serrate drying a pale glaucous-green.
Assam, /mHn.-?; Birma, Roxburgh.
Shrubby? whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, 2-3 ft., sub-
coriaceous. Flowers small, glabious ; peduncles long. Cymes freely branching.
Anthers connate. Fruit the size of a pea, dry. — Very closely allied to L. ang^istifolia,
diflering only in the shorter broader and more sharply toothed leaves, and larger cymes.
11. Z.. sambucina, Willd. Sp. Fl. i. 1177 ; leaflets 2-10 by 1-4^ in. nar-
rowly-lanceolate to ovate-oblong or oblong acute or acuminate serrate
shining drying black. Foxb. Fl. Ind.i. Qbl ; Wall Cat. 6823; 1)C. Frodr. i.
635; (Jriff. Notd. iv. 698; Ic. Fl. Asiat. 644, t. i. ; Brand. For. Fl. 102.
L. sequata, Wall. Cat. 6824 d (not of DC.). L. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 6830.
L. gigantea, Griff. Notul. iv. 697. I^. laeta. Wall. Cat. 6831 ; Kurz inJourn.
As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii 65. L. ottilis, DC. Frodr. i. 636. L. ? var.
sanguinea, Wall, Cat. 6824 M. ; Kurz in Jown. As. Soc. Bmg. 1873, ii 66.
Leea.] xliii. ampelide^. (M. A. Lawson.) 667
L. Staphylea Roxb. FL Ind. i. 658 ; W. <^ A. Prodr. 132; Wall. Cat. 6824
excej^t e, and g ; Wight Ic. 78 ; III. i. 58 ; Dalz. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 41 ;
Tliwaites Enum. 64. Aquilicia sambucina, Linn. Mant. 211; (Jav. Diss. 7,
t. 218. A. ottilis, Goertn. Frmt. i. 275. Gilibertia nalugu, DC. Prodr. iv.
256. Gustonia nalugu, Sj/reng. Syst. ii. 440. Ottilis zeyla nica, Gcerin.
Fruct. i. t. 57. : Staphylea indica, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 24, f. 2. — Rheede Hort.
Mai. ii. 43, t. 26.
Common throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Himalaya as far west as
Kumaon, to Birma, and southwards to Ceylon and Malacca. — Distrib. Malay
Islands, China, Philippine Islands, Australia.
Stems shrubby, with straight branches. Leaves pinnate or tripinnate often 3| by
4 ft. ; leaflets stalked, very variable in size and shape ; nerves arcuate. Flowers
greenish- white. Anthers connate. Fruit the size of a small cherry, dry. — Wight and
Arnott discriminate two varieties, depending for their characters upon the texture of
their leaves, the size of their flowers, and the nature of the staminal-tubes ; but the
transitional conditions between tbem are so numerous that they cannot be maintained.
L. cequata, DC. Prodr. i. 635, with pubescent stems and leaves, belongs probably to
L. hir'ta or L. rohusta. A specimen of Griffith's, from Assam, with oblong acuminate
sharply and finely serrate leaflets and prominent parallel straight nerves, is probably
distinct.
** Leaves pubescent.
^ 12, Zi. integrifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i 659; leaflets 6-8 by 2-3 in.
linear-lanceolate or lanceolate acuminate entire or very slightly serrate
glabrous above sliglitly downy beneath. W. (^ A. Prodr. 132.
Western Peninsula ; moist valleys in the Circars, Roxburgh.
Subarboreous. Leaves supra-decompound, about 30 in. both ways. Cymes supra-
decompound, large, subcorymbose. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx. Staminal-
tube cylindric, the grooves running almost to the line of union with the corolla. Lobes
emarginate. Anthers oblong, pointed, connate. — I have seen no specimen, neither had
Wight and Arnott, whose emended description of Koxburgh I follow.
13. Ii. robusta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 655 ; leaflets 6-12 by 2^-6 in. ovate or
ovate-lanceolate cuspidate serrate glabrous above pubescent on the veins
beneath, cymes compact, bracts large persistent. W. ^ A. Prodr. 132;
Wall. Cat. 6826. L. aspera, Wall. Cat. 6825, in part. L. compactiflora,
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 65.
SiKKiM Himalaya and Khasia Mts., alt. 1-5000 ft., H. f. & T. ; Martaban, Kurz ;
Western Peninsula, in the Northern Circars, Roxburgh.
A large robust shrub, 5-6 ft. Stems stout, the older parts glabrous, the younger
covered with a harsh coarse short pubescence. Leaves 1-3 ft. long, often broader.
BraHs 4-1 in., lanceolate. Flowers larger than in the other species. Anthers connate.
Fruit black, succulent, the size of a small cherry. — Although Roxburgh describes the
cymes as supra-decompound and the bracts as linear and caducous, I believe that this
is the species he intended.
14. Zi. diffusa, Laws.; young parts covered with a short thin
pubescence, leaflets 5-12 by 2-5 in. shortly stalked acuminate serrate dark-
green above with a few white appressed hairs of the intercostal spaces at
length glabrous paler and pubescent on the nerves beneath, cymes very large
and difiuse, bracts minute caducous. L. aspera, Wall. Cat. 6825, in paH.
NiPAL, Wallich. Khasia Mts., alt. 2-3000 ft., H. f. & T. Tenasserim or Anda-
man Islands, Heifer.
A somewhat weak shrub, with more slender branches than in L. robusta. Leaves
thin and membranous ; nerves arched. Anthers connate. Fruit f — It would seem
668 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Leea,
as though Koxburgh, in his description of the cymes of L. rohmta, had taken his cha-
racters from specimens belonging to this species.
15. 1,. hirta, Eoxb. Fl. hid. i. 655; branches and leaves hairy, leaflets
4-12 by 2-4 in. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrate harsli and
scabrous above hairy beneath, cymes very short and compact, bracts incon-
spicuous. Wall. Cat. 6822. L. scabra, ISteud. ii. 21.
SiKKiM Himalaya, Assam, Siliiet, the Khasia Mts., East Bekqal, Chittagonq,
Pegu, and the Andaman Islands. — Distbjb. Java.
Shrubby, with coarse subscabrous branches and petioles. Veins arched. Cymen
2-5 in., very compact, densely hirsute. Floioers large. Anthers connate. Fruit the
size of a currant, black, dry? — Readily known from L. rohusta by its abundant and
harsh pubescence and inconspicuous bracts ; and from L. diffusa by its very short and
compact cymes.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Leea cordata, Wall. Cat. 6019, appears to be a Vitis near V. pallida; the speci-
men is insufficient. Kurz in Joum. As. Sue. Beng. 18^3, pt. 2, 60, refers it doubtfully
to a form of V. Linruei.
Leea odontopuylla, Wall. Cat. 6820 (leaves only), is probably a Vitis, allied to
V. latifolia.
Order XLIV, SAPINDACE^. (By W. P. Hiern, JM.A.)
Trees, shrubs, or rarely stout or wiry herbs. Leaves alternate or less
commonly op^xjsite, exstipulate or occasionally stipulate, pinnate palmate tri-
foliolate or simple ; leaflets opposite or alternate, entire or dentate, occa-
sionally lobed. Flowers mostly polygamo-diojcious and small, usually either
irregular or unsymmetricaL Calyx mostly 4-5-lobed or -sepalous, often
unequally so, imbricate or valvate in the bud. Petals free, equal or unequal,
usually 4-5 or 0, tlie fifth sometimes deficient, flat or in one genus cup-
sluiped, often bearded or squamate at the base within. Disk annular or
unilateral, rarely in (^ flowers deficient. Starmm 5-10, inserted inside the
disk at the base of the ovary or outside or on the disk, sometimes unilateral ;
anthers 2-celled, basifixed or versatile ; filaments often pubescent, almost
always free. Ovary centric or exceutric, entire or lobed or sometimes divided
nearly to the base, 1-4-celled ; cells 1-2- or rarely more -ovuled. ^lyle simple
or divided, usually terminal ; stigma usually simple. Ovules anatropous cam-
pylotropous or amphitropous, usually 1 or 2 togetlier, occasionally more,
affixed to the axis of the ovary, ascending. Fruit capsular or indehiscent,
entire or lobed, sometimes winged. Seeds globose or compressed, arillate
or naked, exalbuminous or in some genera albuminous. Evil/ryo usually
tliick, sometimes plicate or spirally convolute.— Distrib. About 400 to 500
species scattered over the whole world, especially abundant within the
tropics ; 83 occur in Australia ; 37 in Tropical Africa ; 20 are given by
Boissier in the " Flora Orientalia.**
Tribe I. Sapindeee. Stamens inserted Inside the disk, sometimes
unilateral Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves exstipulate, alternate or in jEsculm
opposite.
Flowers irregular. Disk pnilateral or very oblique.
Ovules solitary. Leaves alternate, not digitate.
Fruit capsular, inflated, globose or pyriform. Leaflets biter-
ua,te , , . 1. Cabdiospeumuml.
xLiv. SAPlNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) 669
Fruit indeliiscent, not tlivided into lobes. Leaves pinnate . 2. Hemigyrosa.
Fruit deeply divided into 3 1-indehiscent lobes. Leaves
piunate or 3-1-foliolate.
Leaves pinnate. Flowers not very small.
Lobes of fruit globose 3. Dittelasma.
Lobes of fruit oblong 4. Ekioglossum.
Leaves 3- or 1-foliolate. Flowers very small .... 5. Allophylus.
Ovules 2 together. Leaves opposite, digitate 6. ^sculus.
Flowers regular. Disk annular.
Fruit without wide membranous wings.
Ovules solitary. Fruit not inflated.
Petals each forming a turbinate cup ....... 7. Scyphopetalum.
Petals flat, with or without scales at the base.
Fruit capsular ♦ .... 8. Copania.
Fruit indehiscent.
Fruit not deeply lobed.
Sepals widely imbricated.
Lowest pair of leaflets not stipuliform ... 9. Lepisanthes.
Lowest pair of leaflets stipuliform 10. OtGPWora.
Calyx small ; lobes valvate or slightly imbricated.
Petals 0. Fruit ovoid ......... 11. SchleicheeA.
Petals 5. Fruit globose . 12. Glenniea.
Fruit deeply divided into 3-1 lobes.
Sepals widely imbricated.
Fruit smooth 13. Sapisdus.
Fruit muricated 14. Xerospermom.
Calyx valvate or slightly imbricated.
Flowers usually panicled and not fascicled ;
fruit muricated or tubercled or obsoletely so . 15. Nephelium.
Flowers fascicled. Fruit smooth 16. Pometia.
Ovules 2 together. Capsule inflated 17. Harpullta.
Fruit with 3-2 broad membranous wings 18. Zollingeria.
Tribe IT. Acerineee. Flowers regular. Stamens inserted on the disk.
Lohes of the fruit indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves opposite,
exstipulate.
Ovary 2-celled ; ovules 2 together. Fruit consisting of a double
samara 19. Acer.
Ovary ] -celled ; ovules solitary. Fruit borne on widely bracteated
pedicels 20. Dobinea.
Tribe III. Dodoneeeae. Flowers regular. Stamens inserted outside the
disk. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate, exstipulate.
21. DODON^EA.
Tribe IV. melianfheeB. Flowers irregular. Stamens inserted inside
tile disk. Seeds albuminous. Leaves alternate, stipulate.
*21. Melianthus.
Tribe V. StaphyleeD. Flowerrs regular. Sta.mens inserted outside the
disk. Seeds albuminous. Leaves opposite, stipulate.
Fruit capsular, inflated. Flowers \ in. long 22. Staphylea.
Fruit indehiscent, more or less fleshy. Flowers small . . . .23. Turpinia.
1. CARDIOSPBRXMCUm, Linn.
Climbing herbs with wiry stems and branches, alternate exstipulate
leaves, biternate coarsely dentate leaflets, axillary racemes, lowest pair of
670 XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Cardiospermum,
pedicels developed into spiral tendrils, and irregular polygamo-dioecious
flowers. Sepals 4, concave, the 2 outer ones small. Petals 4, in pairs, the
2 greater lateral usually adhering to tiie sepals each with an einarginate
scale above the base, the two smaller inferior remote from the stamens each
furnished with a small crested scale. Disk unilateral, wavy, almost reduced
to 2 round or linear glands opposite the lower petals. Stamens 8, excen-
tric ; filaments free or connate at base; the 4 nearest to the glands shorter
than the rest. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, trifid ; ovules solitary, ascending.
Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, inflated, loculicidal ; valves membranous, veiny.
Seech globose, usually arillate at the base, exalKuminous, testa crustaceous ;
cotyledons large, transversely conduplicate. — Distrib. Several species,
mostly occurring in Tropical America and a few in Tropical Africa.
For the morphology of the flower in this genus, see Griffith Notulce, iv. p. 546.
C. Schmiedelia and C. \'illosa, Dalz. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 34, are clearly meant to be
Schmiedelia villosa, Boxb.
1. C. aallcacabum, Linn. Sp. FL ed. i. 366; thinly pul)escent or
iie:irly glabrous ratiier pale, leaflets much acuminate, flowers small.
W. ikA. Frodr. l \m ; Wall. Cat. 8030; Griff. Notul. iv. 546, Ic. Fl. As'uit.
yiv. t. 599, f. 3; Stewart Funjah Fl. 31; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 34;
Wi'jht Ic. t. 508 ; Thwaites En am. 54 ; RoxIj. Fl. I)id. ii. 292 ; Bol. Mag. t.
1049 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Fl. 28 ; Boi.^s. Fl. Orient, i. 945 ; Baker in 01 iv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 417, with Sf/?i.; Benth. FL Austrcd. i. 453. C. microcarpum,
H. B. K. ^ov. Gen. d; Sp. Fl. v. 104; Baker I.e. 418, with syn.—liheede
Hort. Mai. viii. t. 28; Ftmiph. Hei-b. Amboin. vi. t. 24, f. 2.
Throughout India, from the N.W. Frontier to Ceylox and Malacca, — DistrIb.
Most tropical and subtropical countries.
Annual or perhaps in some cases perennial. Branches slender, furrowed. Leaves
deltoid or ovate, 14-3 in. ; leaflets deeply cut. Flowtrs white, ^ in. Fruit ^-1^ in.
wide, broadly pyrifonn. Seeds ofKcinal. Boot apt^ricnt. — The form with smaller
obversely deltoid capsule (C microcarpum), being connected with the t^pe by con-
tinuous links, does not appear to me to be a distinct species.
2. C. cane»cens, Wall. Fl. As. Ear. i. 14, t. 14 ; pale, softly pubescent,
leaflets short, flowers of moderate size. W. d' A. Frodr. i. 109 ; Wifjht Ic.
t. 74; Wall. Cat. 8032; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 418, with sijn.
1 C. ovatum, Wall. Cat. 8031. C. pubescens, Griff. Joum. l^^^notof Lagasca.
BiKMA, Wallich, Griffith. Western Peninsula, from the Coucan and Circars south-
wards. — Distrib. Abyssinia.
Annual. Branches 5-furrowed. Leaves patent, triangular, 2-3 in. Floicers J-| in.
Fruit nearly globose, 1-1 ^ in. — C. ovatum deviates somewhat from the type in the
direction of the previous species.
2. KBMZGVROSA, Blume.
Trees with alternate exstipulate abruptly pinnate pallid leaves, quite
entire coriaceous oblong much reticulated leaflets, short pedicels bracteate
at the base and crowded polygamo-moncecious irregular flowers on spicate
racemes arranged in axillary panicles. Sepals 5, erect, concave, the 2 outer
ones smaller. Fetals 4-5, concave, shaggy at the claw, with an entire or
bifid or crested and hooded scale inserted at the claw within ; the fifth
petal equal minute or obsolete. Di'<k unilateral, cushion-shaped. Stamens 8
or ill S flow'ers 6-10, ascending, somewhat unilateral, inserted at the base
' of the ovary within the disk; filaments pilose; anthers not or scarcely
Hemigyrosa>] XLiv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 671
exserted. Ovary excentric, turbinate-trigonous, 3- celled ; stigma trigonous,
blunt; ovule solitary. Fruit indehiscent, thickly coriaceous fiesby or
woody, trigonous or globose, bairy, 3-celled ; cells bairy inside. Seeds
oblong, exalbuminous, exarillate, testa coriaceous ; cotyledons fleshy,
equal. — Distrib. A few species, confined to the tropics of tbe old world.
The venation of the leaflets is similar to that of the leaves of Diospyros Einbryopteris,
Pers.
1. X. deficiens, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 231 ; leaflets 8-14 opposite sub-
opposite or alternate oblong glabrous sbining, racemes solitary crowded or
panicled axillary or scattered along tbe boughs shortly tomentose, petals
4-5 crenulate or subentire, scales entire half the length of tbe petals, bracts
ovate small, flowers fascicled. Sapindus? deficiens, W.S A. Prodr. i. 111.
Anomosanthes deficiens, Blume Humph, iii. 151 ; Benth. (fc Hook. f. Gen.
PL i. 402 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. A7ial. Gen. Ixxii.
Western Peninsula, Courtallam, Cochin, Travancor, Tinnevelley Ghats, and Anna-
mallay hills, alt. 2-5000 ft.
A middle-sized or small tree. Barh slightly tinged with red. Leaves 1-2 feet
long; leaflets 5-9 by l|-2 4 in. Inflorescence 2-24^ m. Flowers ^-{ in. Stamens 8-10,
rarely only 6 in male flowers ; 8 in female flowers, according to Beddome. Fruit
unknown. — No specimens from Ceylon, as stated by Wight 111. i. 141.
2. K. canescens, Thwaites Enum. 56, 408 ; leaflets 2-8, mostly oppo-
site elliptic-oblong ovate or lanceolate glabrous sbming, racemes simple or
panicled axillary or scattered over tbe branches sliortly tomentose, brac-
teoles mostly subulate, flowers fascicled, petals witb short cut scales at
base. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 151. H. tricbocarpa, Thwaites I.e. ; Bedd. Anal.
Gen. Ixxi. Molinaea canescens, Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 43, t. 60; Fl. Ind. ii. 243.
Sapindus tetrapbylla, Vahl Symh. iii. 54 ; Wall. Cat. 8040. S. bijugus, Wall.
Cat. 8045. Cupania canescens, Pers. Syn. PZ. i. 413 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI.
29; W. dc A. Prodr. \. 113; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35. Cupania (sp.)
Wall. Cat. 9034. Cupania (sp.) 6, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T.
Tenasserim and Birma, Wallich, Heifer; Western Peninsula, from the Concan
southwards ; common on the east side of the Madras Presidency, Ceylon, near Kanally,
A shrub or good sized tree, with a trunk of considerable size but not straight. Bark
cinereous. Leaves 5-22 in. ; leaflets usually obtuse or eraarginate, occasionally acute,
2J-10 by |-5 in. ; petiolules rugose, \-l in. long, slightly fuscous. Inflorescence shorter
than the leaves. Flowers white, i-^ in. Fruit subglobose or 3-sided, tomentose, ^-1
in. thick, ochre-coloured. — The pulpy mesocarp resembles an aril.
3. K. long-ifolia, Hiern.; leaflets 6 opposite or subopposite oblong
shortly acuminate acute glabrous sliining base obtuse, racemes short
solitary crowded or branched axillary or supra-axillary, flowers tomentose,
scale of petals short shaggy flat entire or bifid.
Malacca, GriffitJi, Maingay.
Young parts inflorescence and fruit velvety. Leaves 2-2\ ft.; rachis velvety or
obsoletely so ; leaflets 12-15 by 2:^-31 in. ; petiolules f-i in. obsoletely velvety. In-
florescence 2-3 in. ; flowers 4 in. ; bracteoles subulate, \-^ in. Petals 5, obovate,
oblong. Fruit 1 in. long and broad, trigonous, with 3 broad shallow furrowe, setose;
setai iiexuose, tomentose. " ,
3. DZTTEXiASBXA, Hook. f.
A tree. Leaves alternate, pinnate, exstipulate, leaflets subopposite or
alternate, quite entire. Panicles terminal, bracteate. Flowers pale,
672 XLTV. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Dittclasma.
polygamo-monoecious. Sepak quincuncial, oblong, rounded at apex, rather
unequal. Petals 4, erect, oblong, concave, tomentose outside, the place of
the fifth vacant ; scale as large as the petal, obovate-oblong, densely shaggy-
crested incurved and cohering at apex^ inserted near the base of the petal
and closely applied to its. lamina. Disk sernilunate-annular, much wider
towards one side, glabrous. Stamens 8, inserted around the base of the
ovary, equal ; filaments shaggy, slender at the tip ; anthers small, shortly
exserted. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous, 3-lobed, 3-celled, contracted at
the apex into short erect style, stigma shortly ;3-lobed ; ovules solitary in
the cells of the ovary. Fruit 1-3-coccous, 2 segments usually smaller or
obsolete, subglobose, rather fleshy, indehiscent. Seed globose, exarillate, ex-
albuminous ; testa very thick, bony, embryo curved, cotyledons large
unequal incurved ; radicle short, incumbent.— Distkib. A monotypic genus.
1. D. Rarak, Hooh / in Bmth. ^ llooh.f. Gen, PL i. 396; leaflets
14-2G usually lanceolate-acuminate delicately veined base oblique shortly
petioluled, inflorescence erect ovoid-pyramidal shorter than or about
equalling the leaves. Sapindus Rarak, JXJ. Prodr. i. 608; Blame Pumph. iii.
93, t. 107. IS. pinnatus, Mill. Gard. Diet. No. 3. S. saponaria, Lour. Fl.
Cochinch. 238 (not of Linn.) — Rumph. Herb. Amboin. ii. 134.
Malacca, Griffith, Mairujay. (Ceylon, introduced.) — Distrib. Cochin-china, Java,
Seychelles (introduced).
Trunk rising 50-GO ft., terete, covered with a glabrous tenacious smooth bark.
Leaves ranging up to 1^ ft., pari- or imparipinnate; petiole not winged; leaflets 2-4J
by i-l^ in., glabmus. Panicle 6-14 in., tawny-velvety. Flowera \ in., tomentose,
white or pale. Fruit ^-1 in.
4. X:aZOGZ.OSSUXa, Blume.
Erect trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-ninnate, exstipulate, alternate.
Leajiefs opposite or subopposite, entire. Pauicles terminal, erect, bearing
the white irregular iiolygamodicecious flowers on elongated branches.
Sepals 5, unequal, orbicular, concave, broadly imbricated, the two outer
ones smaller. Petals 4, unequal, obovate, clawed, the place of the 5th
vacant, scale hairy, hooded, with an a])ical lobed appendage. Disk one-
sided, lobed. Stamens 8, more or less turned to one side, rather unequal ;
filaments hairy. Ovary stii)itate, obcordate, 3-lobed, 3-celled ; style
slender, stigma obscurely 3-lobed; ovules solitary in the cells of the ovary.
Fruit 1-3-lobed to the base ; segments oblong, indehiscent, diverging.
Seeds oblong, exarillate, exalbuminous, testa membranous ; embryo
straight ; cotyledons thick.— Distrib. Species 2, one of which is at present
known to occur only in Senegambia.
For the morphology of the flower in this genus, see Griffith Notul. iv. 549.
1. S. edule, Blume Bijdr. 229 ; Rumphia iii. 110, t. 166 ; leaflets 8-12
ellii'tio- or ovate-oblong often acuminate shortly pubescent at least on the
veins beneath, base u.sually oblique obtuse shortly petioluled, flowers
crowded. Benth.Fl. Audral. i. 454. E. rubiginosum. Brand. For. Fl. 108.
Moulinsia cupanioides, Cambess in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii. 27, 40, t, 2.
Sapindus rubiginosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 44, t. 62 ; Fl. Ind. il 282 ; W. <L' A.
Prodr. i. 112 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pi. 29 ; Wall. Cat. 8041 ; Grif. ^'otul. iv.
548 ; Dalz. ^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 14; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixxiii.
S. fraxinifolius, DC. Prodr. i. (jo8. S. eduiis, Blume Cat. Buitenz. 64. M.
rubiginosa, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 667. S, alternifolius and longifolius, Herb.
Hamiit. ex W. Jc A. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 8041 D, 8046. S. pinnatus, Roxb. Ic. 89.
Erioglossum.] Xliv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 673
SiKKiM Himalaya, Assam, Oudh, Eastern Peninsula, from Binna to Penang and
Malacca, Western Peninsula from the Godavery southwards. — Distkib. Widely- spread
over the Indian Archipelago, and N.W. coast of Australia.
A large timber tree or shrub, with the shoots petioles and inflorescence ferruginous-
pubescent. Leaves about 1-2 ft. ; leaflets 3-15 by 1-3^ in. Flowers sweet-scented,
shortly pedicelied in small clusters, on elongated spike-like racemes, arranged in a
panicle. Fruit \ in. — Wood useful, strong, and durable, chocolate coloured in the
centre. In Linnaeus' Herbarium this species is named Sapindus Saponaria.
5. AI.Z.OFHirZ.US, Linn.
Small trees or shnib.s. L'avt.-< 1- or 3-folif)late, exstipulate, leaflets entire
or serrate. Racemes simple or branched axillary. Flowers small, polygamo-
dicecious, globose, shortly pedicelied, white or yellowish. Sepals^ 4 in
opposite pairs, hooded, membranous, widely imbricated ; the two outer
ones smaller. Petals 4, the place of the 5th vacant, small (or obsolete),
sometimes declinate, naked inside or usually furnished with a shaggy scale
above the claw. Disk one-sided, usually with 4 glands opposite the petals.
iStamens 8, inserted on the receptacle inside the disk. Ovary usually
2-lobed and 2-celled • ovules in the cells solitary. Fruit indehiscent
usually l-ii-lobed ; lobes subglobose, fleshy or dry. Seeds usually with a
short fleshy aril ; embryo curved ; cotyledons plicate. — Distrib. A large
chiefly tropical American genus ; about 12 species occur in tropical Africa,
others in South Africa, the Mascarine Islands, Madagascar, &c., and several
in the Indian Archipelago.
Sect. I. Leaves unifoliolate.
1. A. zeylanicus, Linn. Nov. PI. Gen. in Amoen. Acad. i. 398 (1747);
leaves unifoliolate ovate oblong or obovate more or less acuminate, racemes
simple or slightly branched. Schrnidelia AUophylus, DC. Prodr. i. 611.
Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 326 ; Thwaites Enum. 55; Bedd. Ic. PI.
Ind. Or. t. 286. S. bidentata, Walt. Cat. 8062. Ornitrophe AUophylus,
Pers. Syn. PI. i. 412.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 1-3000 ft. Assam. Cachar. Ceylon.
A shrub or small tree with terete branches. Leaves 14-16 by \,-l\ in.;/petioles |-3
in. Racemes |-9 in. Flowers ^^-^ in. diam. Fruit globose, red. — A /Variable spe-
cies, the principal forms of which may be indicated as follows ; intermediate forms exist
in some cases.
Var. 1. acuminata; glabrous, leaves quite entire ovate, racemes rather long. S.
acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 55 ; Bedd. Lc. PI. Ind. Or. t. 287,— Ceylon.
Var. 2. assamica; glabrous, leaves quite entire oblong, racemes short. — Assam.
Var 3. Mspida; branches midrib and margins of leaf hispid. S. hispida, Thwaites,
I.e.; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 152.— Ceyhn.
Var. 4. varians; leaves small obovate toothed widely repand denticulate subcoria-
ceous, racemes rather elongated. S. varians, Thwaites Enum. 408 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind.
Or. t. 288.
Var. 5. Thwaitesii ; leaves 6-10 in. obovate toothed widely repand denticulate or
toothed subcoriaceous, racemes short. — Ceylon.
Var. 6. grandifolia; leaves obovate toothed or widely repand denticulate, submem-
branous. ISchmidelia, sp, 10, Herb. Ind. Or. M.f. & T. — Sikkim, Assam, Cachar.
Sect. IL Leaves trifoliolate.
2. A. Cobbe, Blume Rumph. iii. 131 ; leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obovate
ovate or lanceolate mostly acuminate hairy or glabrous subcoriaceous entire
dentate or serrate, racemes simple, flowers irregular, petals sometimes
declinate. Rhus Cobbe, Linn. Sp. PL ed. i. 267. Ornitrophe Cobbe,
VOL. I. XX
674 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. - (W. P. Hiem.) [Allophyhis^
Willd. Sp, PI. ii. 322 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii 268. Usubis triphylla, Burm. Fl.
Ind. 89, t. 32, f. 1. 0. Schmiedelia, Pers. Syn. i. 412. Schmidelia Kobbe,
Lamh.lll, ii. 443. t. 312, f. 2. S. Cobbe, DC. Prodr. i. 610; W. d^ A.
Prodr. 109 ; Grak Cat. Bomb. PL 29 ; Wight III. i. 141 ; Wight Ic. t.
9642 ; Thwaites Enum. 55. Toxicodendrum Cobbe, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 207, t.
44, f. 5. O. serrata, Moxb. Cor. PL i. t. 61 ; FL Ind. ii. 266. S. serrata,
DC. I.e.: Wight IlL i. 141; W. & A. Prodr. 110; Benth. Fl Austral, i.
455 ; Wall. Cat. 8061 (O. malabarica, Hh. Madr.). S. racemosa, Linn.
Mant 67 ; Wall Cat. 8059. O. Aporetica, Itoxh. HorL Beng. 28 ; FL
Ind. ii 264. Aporetica ternata, J. P. d' G. Forst. CJiaract. Gen. PL \ 32,
t. 66. 0. villosa, Roxb. Ilort. Beng. 28 ; FL Ind. I.e. 265. S. villosa, Wight
Ic. t. 401 ; Thwaites I.e.; Wall. Cat 8060. S. Rheedii, Wight Ic. t. 964 ; Spic.
Neilgh. Bot. 33. O. glabra, Roxb. Ilort. Beng. 28; FL Ind. I.e. 267.
Allophyllus lanatus, Roxb. Uort. Beng. 88 ; FL Ind. ii. 263. S. distacbya,
DC I.e. 610. S. Aporetica, WalL Cat. 8058 ; Kurz in Joum. As. Soe.
Beng. 1870, ii. 74. K glabra, WaU.Cat. 8057; Steud. Norn. ed. 2, ii. 531.
Pometia ternata, G. Forst. Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 74 (1786). 1 S. dentata,
WaI,L ex Voigt Ilort. Sub. Calc. 93. Schmidelia (Allophyllus ornitro-
phioides, Herb. Roxh.) ; Wall. Cat. 8055. S. adeuophylla, Wall. Cat. 8063.
S. vestita, Wall. Cat. 8066. S. timorensis, DC. Prodr. i. 611. S. orientalis,
Sw. FL Ind. Gee. ii 666. S. ternata, Cambess. in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii. 24.
O. asiatica, II(yrt. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ii. 230. — Rheede Ilort. Mai. v. t. 25.
Assam, Silhet, Birma, and soutlnvards through the Eastern Peninsula. Western
Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. Ceylon. — Distrib. N. AustraHa, ludian
Arohipehigo, &c.
A small tree, or on the low lands and near the coast a shruh, sometimes of consi-
derable size with a^climbing habit. Bark grey or purple, spotted. Leaves very vari-
able in size, shape, margin, and surface. LeaitcU 1-lU by ^-4 in.; terminal petiolules
ranging up to 1 in., lateral ones very short. Inflorescence 3-9 in. ; flowers yellowish or
white, clustered, small ; pedicels short. Fruit red, shining, globose, \ in. — The r(»ot is
said to be astringent ; the ripe fruits are eaten by the natives. According to Wight &
Arnott in their Prodromus, Allopliyllus ternatus. Lour. FL Cochinch. 232 (= S. co-
chinchincnsis, DC. I.e. 611), and LJemella trifolia, Lour. I.e. 649 (= fcJ. Gemella, Camh.
I.e.) appear to belong to this plant.
An exceedingly variable species, widely spread in India and the Archipelago, and
perhaps extending to Africa and America. Tlie following is a rough key to the prin-
cipal forms, which are, however, connected by various intermediate links : —
Racemes simple, solitary. Petals somewhat declinate.
Leaflets oval or ovate.
Glabrescent or somewhat hairy.
Leaflets crenate-dentate. Bracts short racemosus.
Leaflets serrate- denticulate. Bracts subulate serratus.
Shoots and leaves very hairy villoniis.
Leaflets oval-oblong or lanceolate-acuminate.
Leaflets subentire or serrulate. Bracts fehort glaher.
Leafltts acutely serrate. Bracts long, linear Aporetica.
Racemes simple, 2 together. Petals not declinate, but the place of the
filth petal vacant distachys.
Racemes branched, solitary Rheedii.
EXCLUDED SPECIES OF ALL0PHYLU8 (SchmidcHa).
Allophylus pinnatus, Roxh. Ic. t. 1407, is Otophora fruticosa, Blume.
Schmidelia (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8056, is probably Walsura villosa. Wall.
S. (Oknitkophe) fcetidissima, Wall. Cat. 8064. Cfr. Gynocardia.
S. iNTEGEERiMA, WoLl. Cat. 8065, is Evodia Roxburghiana, Benth.
jEscuIus,] xliv. sapindace^. (W. p. Hiern.) 675
6. SISCUXiUS, Liun.
Trees and shrubs with scaly buds. Leaves opposite, digitate, deciduous,
exstipulate ; leaflets obovate or oblong, serrate. Panicles terminal, thyrsoid.
Flowers large, polygamous, irregular. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 5- cleft
or -dentate, deciduous, with unequal imbricated lobes. Petals 4-5, unequal,
clawed, without scales, imbricated, exceeding the calyx. Disk annular or
unilateral, lobed or entire. Stamens 5-8, usually 7, inserted within the
disk, free. Ovary sessile, 3-celled. Style elongated, ' slender ; stigma
simple. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary, superposed. Fruit capsular,
1-3-celled ; valves loculicidal, coriaceous ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds subglobose,
exalbuminous, with a broad hilum ; testa coriaceous ; cotyledons thick,
corrugated, conferruminated. — Distrib. About 14 species, natives mostly
of the temperate parts of Asia and America.
^. Hippocastanum, Linn., is said to be indigenous in North India, but it is not
now known in the wild state. See Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 497.
1. HS. (Pavia) indica, Colebr. in Wall. Cat. 1188; leaflets usually 7
acuminate delicately serrate submembranous distinctly petioluled, panicles
oblong nearly equalling or exceeding the leaves, flowers secund. Camh. in
Jacq. Voy. Bot. 31, t. 35 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5117 ; Brand. For. Fl. 103, t. 19 ;
lioyle III. 135 ; Stew. Punjab PL 31.
Western Himalaya, alt. 4-10,000 ft. from the Indus to Nipal. — Distrib. Affgha-
nistan.
A fine tree of 60-70 ft. in height and 10-15 in girth, with glabrous terete branches.
Leaves glabrous ; leaflets unequal, the terminal one 5-9 by 1^-3 in., the lateral ones
smaller ; common petiole 3-6 in., thickened at the base, sulcate above ; petiolules
ranging to f in. Calyx tubular, | in. long, frequently splitting as the flowers open ;
lobes short, rounded. Petals 4, white with red and yellow, the phice of the fifth vacant.
Capsule ovoid or subpyriform., reddish-brown, without spines, rather rough, 1-2 in. long.
Seeds dark. — The interior of the seeds is eaten in the Himalayas, according to Dr.
Eoyle, in time of famine ; cattle habitually eat them. The bark peels off in long strips ;
the wood is light-coloured and easily worked. The fruit is officinal, being applied ex-
ternally for rheumatism. The leaves are lopped for winter fodder in the Himalaya.
2. SS. (Pa via) punduana, Wall. Cat. 1189 ; leaflets 6-7 acuminate
delicately serrate subcoriaceous shortly petioled, panicles narrowly lan-
ceolate nearly equalling the leaves, lower pedicels longer. M. asamicus,
Griff. Journ. 69, 75, 80, 122. P. khassyana, Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 97.
Tropical Sikkim Himalaya, /. D. H. Khasia Mts., ascending to 4000 ft. Assam
and BiRMA. — Distrib. Siam.
A tree with glabrous terete branches. Leaves glabrous ; leaflets unequal, the ter-
minal one 8-15 by 2\-6 in., the lateral ones smaller; common petiole 7^-12 in. ; petio-
lule |-| in. Calyx tubular, \ in.; lobes short, rounded at apex. Petals 4, white and
yellow.
7. SCYPKOPETiLZ.UM;, Hiem.
A small tree. Leaves alternate exstipulate unequally pinnate ; leaf-
lets opposite. Flowers panicled, regular, hermaphrodite, 4-6-merous.
Calyx deeply lobed, hemispherical ; lobes ovate, somewhat imbricated in
the bud. Petals shorter than the calyx, without scales, very shortly
clawed, each forming a wide short turbinate somewhat compressed cup,
glabrous outside, hirsute inside. Stamens 7-6, inserted within the short
annular glabrous disk, scarcely exserted, glabrous ; fllaments subulate-
linear, curved near the apex; anthers short, 2-celled, fixed by the base.
XX2
Q76 XLiv. sAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Scyphopetalum.
Ovary hairy, subsessile, 3-celled, entire ; ovules solitary ; style obsolete •
stigma blunt. — Distkib. A monotypic genus peculiar by the cup-shaped
petals.
1. S> pamlflorum, Hiern ; leaflets 9 oblong obtuse or subacuminate
coriaceous glabrescent base somewhat narrowed shortly petioluled, panicles
from the old wood short, pedicels equalling or ratlier exceeding the
flowers. — Sapindacea, Gi"iff. Journ. 83.
BiRMA ; hilly woods in the Hookhoora valley, Griffith {Kew distrih. 985).
Branches reddish. Leaves 1 ft., pallid in the dry state ; petioles 2 in. ; leaflets
shining above, 4-8 by 14-2^ in. ; petiolules \ in., puberulent ; lateral veins about 16 on
each side of midrib, alternate. Panicles 2^-3 in. diam. Flowers | in. wide, shortly
pubescent. Petals flesh-coloured.
8. CUPANZA, Plum.
Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate in most cases abruptly
E innate ; leaflets entire, subcoriaceous. Fanicles axillary and subterminal,
racteoled. Flowei's nearly regular, polygamo-dicecious. Calyx 5-4-cleft
or sepals 5-4, roundish, concave, nearly valvate or imbricated in 2 rows.
FctaU 5-4 or obsolete, with or without 1-2 bilobed or entire scales at base
inside. Disk regular or unequally tliickened, annular, glabrous, fleshy.
Stamens 7-10, rarely fewer, inserted within the disk, included or more
usually exserted. Ovarij ovoid obovoid or obcordate, 2-4-celled, more
or less pubescent ; ovules solitary. Fruit capsular, usually loculicidal
obcordate or pyriform, 2-4-lobed or -sided and -celled ; lobes connate or
almost free and divaricate, sometimes compressed. iSee<h subglobose or
oblon» more or less covered with an aril, exalbuminous. Embryo thick,
curved. — Distrib. A rather large tropical genus of both Worlds ; 14 of
them are endemic in Australia and only 1 in tropical Africa.
Sect. I. Fruit widely obcordate or 2-3-lobed.
* Sepals 5. Lateral veins of leaflets arching ^ not parallel,
1. C. g'labrata, Kiirz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii 303 (1872);
?;labrescent leaflets 4-8 lanceolate or ovate-oblong Acuminate subcoriaceous
oosely but prominently reticulated base cuneate oblique, panicles racemose
or racemes simple, flowers pentamerous, petals shorter than tlie sepals
squan)ate. Sapindus squamosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 88 ; Ft. Ind, ii. 282 ;
Wall. Cat. 8097. Connaracea ?, Wall. Cut. 8550.
Pegu and Mautaban. Penang, O. Porter. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago {Eoxb.).
A tree of 25-30 ft. Leaves abruptly pinnate, shortly petioied, quite glabrous and
shining ; leaflets 4-7 in. Flowers white ; pedicels yV i^- Outer sepals j\ in. Petals
yV in , glabrous outside, densely white-cottony inside. Ovary tawny-hairy.
2. C. pallldula, Hiem ; young parts tawny-pubescent, rachis of leaves
not winged, leaflets 6-8 alternate or suboi)posite elliptic- or ovate-oblong
thinly coriaceous pallid inconspicuously veined base oblique cuneate,
flowers pentamerous, sepals much imbricated, petals with a large hairy
scale on each side of base, capsule 2-3-lobed stipitate.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
A small tree. Branchltts terete, clothed with a very short tomentum. Leaves
6 12 in. ; leatlets 2-5 by |-2 in., acuminate ; petiolules very short, tumid at base.
Flowers \ in. wide. Anthers small, glabrous, exserted. Capsule 4 in., lobes ^ in.
wide, nearly glabrate. — Nearly related to C regularis, Blurae Kumph. iii. 159, from
Sumatra and Borneo ; but diflers from it by generally smaller leaves and a paler colour
Cupania.] XLiv. sapindaceje. (W. P. Hiern.) 677
in the dry state. In Dr. Brandis' herbarium there is a specimen from Salween, Burmah,
named C. regularis, Blume ; it is of a dusky colour with leaves 6-12 in., leaflets 4 oppo-
site 4-7 by I3-2I in., and inflorescence about 4 in.
3. C. fuscidula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 302 (1872) ; pube-
rulent, leaflets 3-6 alternate ovate or oval obtusely subacuminate thinly
coriaceous dusky (in the dry state) above with lax not strongly marked nor
parallel reticulation base very oblique, panicles many-flowered, scales of the
petals bifid or entire not much shorter than the petals.
Tenasserim, Heifer.
A tree. Shoots shortly pubescent. Leaves 5-8 in. ;,rachis not winged ; leaflets 1^-4^
by|-l|in.; petiolules very short. Paniclts 3-4 in. long ; flowers t2~~A in. wide,
pentandrous. Sepals imbricated. Anthers included or not much exserted, glabrous.
4. C, pleuropteris ?, Blume Rumph. iii. 158 ; rachis of leaves narrowly
winged above, leaflets 4-8 opposite or subopposite obovate or narrowly elliptic
obtusely acuminate or pointed base obliquely narrowed thinly coriaceous
glabrate or puberulent at least beneath, inflorescence shorter than the
leaves pedicels about equalling the pubescent pentamerous flowers, sepals
unequal, petals larger furnished at the base each with 2 obovate scales,
stamens inserted, capsule obcordate 2-3-lobed.
Singapore, Maingay. Malacca, Maingdy, Griffith. Penang, Wallich. — Distrib.
Borneo, Sumatra.
Young paits shortly tawny-pubescent. Leaves rather pallid especially beneath,
4-84 '^^•'i leaflets 1-6 by J-2 in., subsessile. Flowers Jin. diam. Calyx persistent.
Disk glabrous, fleshy, annular. Filaments slender, pilose below. Style linear, glabrous.
Fruit glabrous, stipitate, compressed, 4 in.
Var. a. bijuga, leaflets 4-2 glabrescent dusky. — Wall. Cat. 8094.
Var. /3. apjculata, leaflets 6-8 shortly pubescent beneath tawny apiculate.
** Calyx 6-cleft. Lateral veins of leaflets rather straight, subparallel.
5. C. adenopliylla, Planch, mss. in Hh. Kew. ; rachis of leaves not
winged leaflets 4-6 opposite ovate-oblong gradually acuminate thinly
coriaceous glabrous or sparingly pubescent shining base obtusely wedge-
shaped lateral veins 9-12 subparallel clearly but not stoutly marked
beneath usually with small glands in the axils beneath, flowers tetramerous
or pentamerous, calyx cleft subvalvate, petals with 2 obovate (or 1 bilobed)
shaggy scales at base, filaments exserted pubescent, fruit obcordate or
deeply bilobed glabrate. Sapindus adenophyllus, Wall. Cat. 8044.
Tenasserim, at Mergui and Moulmein, Wallich, &c. Malacca, Griffith.
A shrub of 10-12 ft. Young parts and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves
8-13 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 1^-2| in. ; petiolules J-| in. hiflorescence 3-6 in. Floicers
^ in. wide. Anthers somewhat hairy. Style equalling the ovary. Fruit ^-§ in., very
shortly stipitate ; one lobe sometimes abortive.
Sect. II. Fruit pyriform, 3-4 -sided, not lobed.
* Petals squamate at base, exceeding the calyx,
6. C. acuta, Hiern ; rachis of leaves not winged, leaflets 11-15 alter-
nate or subopposite lanceolate acuminate acute glabrous shining patent
shortly petioluled, flowers tawny-pubescent pentamerous, petals exceeding
the calyx glabrous furnished at the base with a nearly equal densely ciliated
bipartite scale, partitions obovate diverging, stamens 8, filaments hairy
exserted subulate below, fruit more or less pubescent tawny pyriform 3-4-
sided shortly stipitate. Sapindacea, Wall. Cat. 9036.
678 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Cupania.
Singapore, Wallich. Malacca, Maivgay.
Young parts aud inflorescence tawny-pubescent. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 2^-4^
by §-1^ in. ; petiolules ^-^ in., dark. Infiorescence about as long^ as the leaves. Calyx
about ^ in. wide, subvalvate. Disk fleshy, glabrous, covered with whitish inlloresceiice.
Ovary conical, tomentose, not lobed. Fruit 14-2 by f-l^ in., somewhat fleshy, 3-4-
valved, the junctions of the valves marked by slightly elevated grooved keels which
unite at the apex of the fruit to form a short aplculus.
7. C. Jacklana, Hiern ; shining, leaflets 6 or 8 opposite or subopposite
elliptic shortly and obtusely acuminate base obtuse or somewhat cuneate
shortly petiolate, fruiting panicles shorter than tlie leaves, fruit not lobed
obovoid-oblong 2- or by abortion 1-celled mucronate-cuspidate base
attenuate and shortly stipitate often compressed mostly 1 -seeded. Con-
narus? Jackianus, Wall. Cat. 8652.
Car Nicobar Island, Jack.
Leafy, young parts tawny-puberulent, soon glabrescent. Upper leaves 6-12 in. ;
leaflets 3-6 by 1^-2^ in. ; lateral veins 8-10 on each side, not opposite. Panicles near
the extremities of the branches; fruiting pedicels ^-^ in. Fruit 1^ by f in., glabrous ;
valves 2, tomentose inside ; dissepiment often partly obliterated. Seed ellipsoidal,
f by i in., occupying the upper part of the cell ; base aiillate.
8. C. pentapdtala, W. d' A. Prodr. 113; rachis of leaves not winged
leaflets 4-8 subopposite or alternate ovate or oblong subacuminate coriaceous
glabrous shining base obtuse lateral veins somewhat arcliing not robust,
flowers pentamerous pubescent in racemes arranged in crowded jiauicles,
calyx cleft subvalvate, petals small with two small glabrous incurved scales
at base, filaments exserted pubescent, ovary pubescent 3-celled, style very
short, stigma of three recurved lobes, seeds arillate. Schleichera penta-
petala, Hoxb. llort. Beng. 29 ; FL I mi ii. 275. C. pentaphylla, Wigid Ic.
t. 402. C. lloxburghii, Wight Ic. text, n. 402.
SiLHET, Roxburgh, 1811, in Hb. Mus. Brit.
A pretty large tree. Leabes 6-12 in. ; leaflets 4-8 by 1^-2| in. ; petiolule ^-^ in.
Injiorescence about 7 in. Flowers | in. wide, dull yellowish green. iStamens 7-8;
anthers glabrous. Disk pubescent. Capsule stipitate, 3-valved, § in. diam., pyriform,
not lobed.
/
** Petals wanting or small and esquamate.
9. Qk Ziessertlana, Camh. in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii. 46, t. 3 ; leaflets
2-6 uAililly 4 ovate not or obtusely acuminate delicately reticulated base
rounded or shortly narrowed, petiolules short, calyx-lobes*5 valvate, petals 0,
disk broad glabrous or nearly so 5-crenate, stamens 8 exserted glabrous,
capsule globose-pyriform 3-sided glabrous stipitate. Hassk. PL Jav. Rar.
285. Ratonia Lessertiana, Benth. d; Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 400. C. Mischo-
carpus, Steud. Nf/mend. Bot. ed. 2, i. 454, Mischocarpus sundaicus, Blume
Bijdr. 238; Rumpli. iii. 167. Molinsea? (s??.) Wall. Cat. 8092. Schleichera
trijuga, Moritzi ^i/st. Verz. ZoU. 22, ex Hassk. PI. Jav. Rar. 2,^b {not of
Willdeiiow).
Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith. South Andaman Islds., Kurz. Malacca, Main-
gay. — DiSTRiB. Malay Archipelago.
A tree of moderate size, sometimes a shrub ; branches terete, glabrous, dark or red-
dish. ^ Leaves 4-12 in. ; rachis not winged ; leaflets opposite or alternate, 2-8 by
1-2| in., shining. Inflorescence 2-6 in.; pedicels ^ in., shortly pubescent. Calyx
scarcely t^V in. long by -^-^ in. wide, shortly pubescent. Filaments about J in. Fruit
i in. long, 1-seeded ; stipes ^ in.
10. C. sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. ii. 566 ; rachis of leaves not
winged somewhat trigonous above, leaflets 2-10 subalteruate or subopposite
Cupania.] XLiv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 679
oblong or ovate-oblong slightly or scarcely acuminate glabrous thinly
coriaceous delicately reticulated lateral veins rarely conspicuous sometimes
with axillary glands, flowers pentamerous rarely tetramerous ?, calyx cleft,
petals small or wanting without scales, filaments exserted pubescent.
Mischocarpus sumatranus, Blume Rumph. iii. 168. Sapindacea, Wall. Cat.
9035, 8108. C. sp. 4, Herh. Ind. Or. H.f. & T.
SiLHET, Gomez, H.f. & T. Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Griffith. — Distrib, Sumatra.
A tree of 30-40 ft. or loftier, branched high up. Branches as well as the rachis of
the leaves reddish. Leaves 8-24 in. ; leaflets 3^-11 by l|-3 in.; petiolules ^-^ in.
Inflorescence 6-12 in. ; flowers whitish ^ in. wide. Petals when present minute or not
exceeding the caljx, narrow, somewhat pubescent. Capsule |-|- m., pyriform, marked
with'3-4 ribs, constricted at base into a thick trigonous stipes, apiculate, glabrate, red
{Blume, I.e.). — A specimen from Pegu (Kurz) in Hb. Kew., consisting of a leaf 33 in.
with 10 leaflets 15-18 by about 3 in., has been named Batonia sumatrana by Kurz
in Hb. Kew,
11. C. Helferl, Hiern; leaflets 4 alternate elliptic-oblong subacurainate
glabrous delicately reticulated base obtuse, flowers pentamerous on short
patent racemes arranged in racemose pubescent subterminal panicles, calyx
cleft subvalvate, petals 0, filaments pubescent, ovary pyriibrm stipitate
pubescent not lobed.
Tenasserim, or Andaman Islds., Heifer.
Leaves about 1 ft. ; racbis terete ; leaflets 5-8 by 2^-2^ in. ; petiolules J-^ in.
Panicles exceeding the leaves. Calyx | in. diam. ; lobes ovate. Stamens 8.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
C. CANESCENS, Pers., is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.
C. (sp.) 6, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T., is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.
C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8067 A, is Nepheliiim Longana, Camh.
C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8067 B, is perhaps Aglaia edulis, A. Gr.
C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8069, is Chisocheton paniculatus, Hiern.
C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 9034, is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.
9. XiUFISANTKES, Blume.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate, alternate; leaflets entire,
subopposite. Inflorescence axillary and lateral, spike-like. Flowers regular,
polygamo-dioecious. Sepals 5-4 widely imbricated in two rows. Petals
6-4, equal, furnished at the base with a short wide inflected entire scale.
Disk annular, regular. Stamens 8, erect, inserted within the disk. Ovary
sessile, 3-sided, 3-celled ; ovules solitary ; style simple : stigma blunt.
Fruit drupaceous, 3-celled, 3-sided, not lobed. Seeds solitary, erect, ex-
albuminous ; cotyledons very thick, unequal. — Distrib. Species few, all
except the following confined to the Indian Archipelago.
1. Xi. montana, Blume Bijdr, 238 ; Rumph. iii. 151 ; leaflets 8-10 sub-
opposite elliptic- or ovate-oblong subacuminate base very shortly petioluled
subcordate, racemes subfascicled axillary lateral simple or branched.
BiRMA ; hills between Sitang and Beeling, Brandis. — Distrib. Java.
A tree with dark smooth bark. Leaves 1^-2 ft., paripinnate ; leaflets 5-10 by 2-3 in.,
glabrous above, glabrate or pubescent beneath along the midrib. Inflorescence 2-10 in.,
shortly pubescent. Calyx ^ in. ; petals rather longer, long-clawed. Fruit hairy. —
A fruiting panicle from Tegu, atout 18 in. long, without leaves in the Hb. Kew, named
by Kurz L. montana, Bl., has fruits nearly 1 in. long.
68b XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Lepisanthes,
2. Xi. cuneata, Iliem ; leaflets 6-8 opposite or subopposite elliptic-
oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous base cuiieate, racemes
short supra-axillary, flowers, very small obsoletely tomentose.
Penang, Porter.
Nearly glabrous in all parts. Branches smooth. Leaven 12-18 in. ; leaflets 3-8 by
lJ-2^ in, ; petiolules 5-^ in. Inflorescence 1-1^ in.; tlowers y^ i^- 5 bracts subulate,
Bmall. Petals 5, glabrous, with a minute scale at base.
3. Xi. Browniana, Hiem ; leaflets 6-11 alternate or sometimes oppo-
site elliptic-oblong much acuminate glabrous base cuneate petioluled,
racemes short dense axillary puberulent, flowers of moderate size. Siipin-
dacea?, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 7497, ami in Misc. Bot. ii 637.
Mabtaban ; Tavoy and Keloben, W. Gomez.
A small tree with smooth terete branches tinged with red. Leaves 14-24 ft-, tending
to develope further leaflets at the apex; petiole 6-12 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 14-2^ in. ;
petiolules somewhat thickened at the base, ranging up to 4 in. Inflorescence 1-2 in.;
pedicels about \ in. Flowers J in. Sepals concave, glabrous inside, thickened at the
base, the 2 outer short, the inner \ in. Petals obovate, pubescent at die claw outside,
with 2 glabrous scales inside. Disk glabrous. Stamens 8, ^jn. ; filaments hairy.
Ovary obsolete from the male flowers.
10. OTOPKORA, Blume.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, pinnate ; leaflets entire (the lowest
pair stipuliform). I u florescence axillary and terminal Flowers regular,
polygamous. Sepals rarely 4, concave, widely imbricated. Petals 5, rarely 4
small, somewhat squamate at base by inflexion of the subauriculate base.
pisk complete, annular, crenulate or entire. Stamens b-9, rarely fewer,
inserted within the disk ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong, included.
Oyary 3-4-sided, 3-4-celled ; ovules solitary, ascending; stigma subsessile,
obtuse, obsoletely 3-4-rayed. F'riiit baccate, not lobed, indehiscent, 3-4-
or by abortion 2-1-celled; seeds arillate; embryo straight; cotyledons
thick.— DisTRLB. Species about 8 confined to the Malay Peninsula and
Archipelago.
0. fruticosa, .BZwrne (=Sapindn8 fruticosus, Roxh. ; Wall. Cat. 8043; Allophylus
pinnatus, Roxh. Ic. i. 1407), has been introduced into India from the Moluccas.
1. O. paucijug'a, Hiem; leaflets 2 or 4 opposite narrowly elliptic
obtusely acuminate shining base cuueate, panicles racemose lax elongated,
sepals 4-5 minutely ciliate, petals 4-3 scarcely bisquamate at base, stamens
6-7, disk glabrous, ovary glabrous.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves 4-10 in. ; petioles 1-24 in., base thickened and probably bearing caducous
Btipular leaflets; leaflets 8-6 by 1-2 in. ; petiolules J-^ in. Racemes J-l ft. ; pedicels
about equalling the flowers.
2. O. erythrocalyx, Hiem ; glabrous, leaflets 14-19 opposite or
alternate elliptic or oblong shining firmly coriaceous shortly acuminate,
base more or less narrowed, lowest pair stipuliform smaller, panicles
elongated much branched nearly equalling the leaves, pedicels slender,
petals 5 shortly ciliate very shortly squamate at base, stamens 8, filaments
fleshy hairy, anthers somewhat hairy pointed, disk glabrous, ovary 3-sided
3-celled glabrous.
Malacca, Maingay.
A small tree. Leaves 30-45 in. ; petioles thickened at base ; leaflets ranging up to
9 by 3 in. ; petiolule 4 in. Flowers ^-^ in. Sepals blocd-red. Petals pale-rose, ap-
Otophora.] XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. p. Hiern.) 681
pressed. Stigma sessile broadly trisulcate. Fruit whitish, glabrous, subglobose, tri-
gonous, 3-celled, I4 in. diam. Seeds arillate.
11. SCKXiEZCKBRA, Willd.
Trees. Zeaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate; leaflets opposite (or alternate)
quite entire, repand-wavy or slightly serrate, with subparallel lateral veins
and delicate inconspicuous reticulation. Panicles or racemes simple,
elongated. Flowers small, fascicled, regular, polygamo-dioecious. Calyx
4-6-tid, small, cup-shaped ; lobes valvate or obscurely imbricated. Petals
absent. Disk complete, glabrous, wavy. Stamens 5-8, exserted, inserted
within the disk ; filaments more or less pubescent ; anthers small, glabrous.
Ovary ovoid, 3-4-celled, narrowed into a rigid style ; stigma 3-4-cleft.
Ovules solitary, erect. Fruit dry crustaceo- coriaceous, indehiscent, 1-3-
celled. Seeds erect, enveloped in a fleshy aril ; embryo conduplicate, with
unequal connate cotyledons. — Disthib. A small genus of India, the Indian
Archipelago, and the Philippine Islands.
Beddome, in his Flora Sylvatica Anal. Gen. p. Ixxii., speaks of a new tree found by
him on the Golcondah hills, Vizagapatam district, which (he says) will probably turn
out to be a species of Schleichera; it is a middle-sized tree, all the young parts and
the inflorescence pubescent-toraentose, leaves alternate abruptly or unequally pinnate,
8-10 inches long, leaflets 2-3 pair with or without a terminal odd one, ovate or oblong
with a longish acumination subentire or distantly and rather inconspicuously serrate,
quite glabrous in age except the costa, 3-4 inches long by 1-1^ broad, petiolules ^-^ in.
long, racemes axillary panicled. The flower-buds on the specimen in the Kew Her-
barium are so young that their structure cannot be determined ; indeed the Natural
Order to which the plant ought to be referred is uncertain. It is diflerent from any
known Indian species of Sapindacece.
1. S. trijusra, Willd. Sp. PL iv. 1096 ; leaflets 4-8 opposite elliptic or
elliptic-oblong obtuse or shortly acuminate entire at length coriaceous
glabrescent or subvelutinous flat base rounded or obtuse sessile or sub-
sessile, fruit ellipsoidal glabrous apiculate smooth or spinous. Grah. Cat,
Bomb. PI. 29 ; Dak. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35 ; Thwaites Enum. 58 ; Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. t. 119; Braiidis FL. Sylv. 105, t. 20; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 277 ; Roth.
Nov. Sp. 385; W. <& A. Frodr. 114, not of M&ritzi. S. pubescens,
Roth. I.e. Melicocca trijuga, Juss. in Mem. Miis. Par. iii. 187, t. 8 ;
DC. Prodr. i. 615; Wall. Cat. 8080. Scytalia trijuga, Roxb. ex DC. I.e.
Stadmannia trijuga, Spreng. Syst. ii. 842, St. pubescens, Spreng. I.e.
Cussambium spinosum, HamUt. in Tram. JPerner. Soc. v. 356. C. gla-
brum, Hamilt. I.e. C. pubescens, Hamilt. I.e. 357. Conghas zeylonensis,
Hb. Madr. ex Wall. I.e. M. pubescens, DC. I.e. — Rumph. Herb. Amboin. i
t. 57; Wall. Cat. 8106.
Dry forests, from the N.W. Himalaya at Sirmor; throughout Central and
Southern India, Birma, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Timor.
A large tree, leafing and flowering early in the spring. Leaves paripinnate, 8-16
in. ; leaflets 1-10 by §-4^ in. ; the lowest pairs the smallest. . Racemes axillary, often
several on short branchlets, 2-4 in. Floioers yellowish or green. Fruit f-1 in. long.
— The pulpy subacid aril is edible ; the bark is astringent, and, according to Dr. Kox-
burgh, the natives rub it up with oil and use it to cure the itch. The timber is good.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
S. PENTAPETALA, Hoxh., IS Cupania pentapetala, W. <& A.
S. TEijuoA, Moritzi {not of- Willd.), is Cupania Lessertiana, Camh.
682 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Glennieaf
12. GZiENNZSA, Hook. f.
A large glabrous much branched leafy tree. Leaves alternate, exstipulate,
1-2-jugate ; leaflets opposite, entire or wavy-repand, coriaceous. Flowers
in spicate racemes forming a terminal panicle, regular, polygamous. Calyx
5-lobed, valvate. Petcds minute, broader than long, shortly clawed, concave,
hairy. Stamens 8; filaments short, subulate; anthers short. Disk com-
plete, wide, fleshy, glabrous, and lobed. Ovary 3-sided, ovoid, contracted
at the base, puberulent, 3-celled, narrowed into a very short style ; stigma
shortly B-lobed. Ovules solitary. Fniit denresso-globose, indehiscent,
fleshy, obscurely lobed. Se^ds subglobose, exalbuminous, exarillate.
1. O. izeylanlca, Hook. /. in Benth. d- Hook. Gen. PL i. 404 {ex
Thwaites Enum. 408) ; leaflets elliptic or 'oblong shining both ends obtuse,
inflorescence shortly pubescent. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 153.
Ceylon, ascending to 3-4000 ft.
Leaves 4-7 in. ; leaflets 1^-5 by f-2i in. ; petiolnles tumid, ^-\ in. Calyx \ in, diara. ;
lobes ovate, subacute. Fruit jj-l^ in. diani. — Dr. 'ibwaites I.e. gives two varieties: —
Var. 1, leaflets 2. Sapindns unijuga, 'Thiraites, I.e. 56.
Var. 2, leaflets 2-4. Nephelium fuscatum, Thwaites, I.e. 58 ; Euphoria fuscata,
Benth. & Hook,f. Oen. PL i. 40G. S. Gleniei, Thwaites, I.e. 408.
13. SAPXNDUS, Plum.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or subverticillate (and then simple),
exstipulate, usually paripinnate ; leaflets coriaceous, commonly entire.
Inflorescence terminal or axillary. Flowers polygamous, regular. Sejxxls 4-5
widely imbricated in 2 rows. Petals 4-5, with or without scales. Hisk com-
plete, annular, fleshy. Stamens usually 8-10, inserted within the disk ; fila-
ments usually pilose ; anthers versatile. Ovary entire or 2-4-lobed, 2-4-celled.
Style terminal ; stigma 2-4-lobed. Ovules solitary. Fruit fleshy or coria-
ceou.s, 1-2-coccous; cocci oblong or globose, indehiscent. Seeds with a
crustaceous or membranous testa • cotyledons thick ; radicle short. — Dis-
TRiB. A rather large genus inhabiting the tropical regions of the whole
world.
* Ovary hairy.
1. S. trifoliatus, Linn. Sp. PL ed. i. 367 ', leaves (normally) abruptly
pinnate leaflets 6-4 elliptic or oblong acuminate or emarginate glabrous or
especially beneath pubescent with short curved or stellate hairs base
obtuse, inflorescence terminal panicled pubescent, scale of the petals mem-
branous pilose-ciliate, ovary 3-lobed ferruginous-tomentose. S. laurifolia,
Vahl Symh. iii. 64 ; Dalz. dh Gibs. Bomb. FL 34 ; Poxb. FL Ind. ii. 278 ;
W. <i' A. Prodr. Ill ; Grak Gat. Bomb. PL 29; Bedil. FL Sylv. AnaL Gen.
Ixxiii. ; Brand. For. FL 106 ; WalL CaL 8038 {not of Balb. Ho.). S. acutus,
Poxb. ex W. d' A. I.e. ; Ic. t. 1965; not of WalL Cat. 8096. S. emargiuata,
V^ahl I.e. ; Roxh. I.e. 279 ; W. d A. I.e. ; Grak. Cat Bomb. PL 29 ; Bedd. FL
Sylv. t. 154; Brand. I.e. 107; Wight ILL. t. 51 ; WdL Cat 8039; Dalz, &
Gibs. Bomb. FL 35. S. abstergens, Roxb. Ic. t. 1225.— Pheede H&i^L Mai. iv.
43, t. 19.
Common about villages in South India ; cultivated in Bengal, where it is a doubtful
native.
A handsome tree. Leaves 5-12 in. ; leaflets 1^-8 by 1-4 in.; petiolules short.
Flowers ^-^ in. long, white, hairy. JSej)al3 5, elliptic, obtuse. Petals 4-5, narrower
fl^^.
Sapindus.] xliv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 683
and rather longer than the sepals ; " scale fringed with a dense mass of long white
hairs, more or less attached to the claw and inner surface of the petal, probably free
when quite young, sometimes attached along the middle line only and free at the sides,
in which case it happens that the two edges of the scale separate from the middle part
and appear as lateral appendages " {Br. Brandis, I.e.). Stamens 8 ; anthers apiculate.
Disk concave, with a raised fleshy hirsute edge. Fruit fleshy, 2-3-lobed, ^-\ in. long,
at length glaucescent, saponaceous. — There are two forms of this tree, usually regarded
as distinct species, and corresponding to Vahl's names ; one with acuminate glabrous
leaves, the other with emarginate leaves pubescent beneath. The wood is used for
making combs and other small articles.
2. S. erectus, Hiern; leaves abruptly pinnate leaflets 6-10 snboppo-
site narrowly elliptic acuminate entire glabrous thin base more or less
narrowed, panicles terminal shorter than the leaves, flowers pentamerous,
petals with an erect bifid or entire shaggy scale, ovary hairy, lobes of fruit
ellipsoidal nearly glabrate. Nephelium erectum, Thwaites Enum. 57.
Ceylon ; in the southern provinces, alt. 3000 ft.
An erect shrub, not or spai-ingly branched, 6-10 ft. high. Leaves pallid, 1-2 ft.*
leaflets 4-10 by 1|-3J in. ; petiolules |-i in. Flowers ^ by | in. Calyx shortly and
appressedly pubescent outside ; sepals rounded. Petals shortly exceeding the
calyx, oblong-obovate, ciliated at the claw, glabrous and rounded above, involute at the
margin ; scale glabrous at the back, inserted at the top of the claw, falling rather short
of the petals. Disk glabrous, fleshy. Staviens 8 ; filaments rather shorter than the
petals, pubescent above ; anthers glabrous. Style very short ; stigma minute, 3-lobed.
Fruit fleshy, yellow, about 1 in. long. Aril fleshy.
3. S. Thwaltesii, Hiern ; leaves simple obovate-oblong narrowly
acuminate entire glabrous pallid base attenuate, racemes terminal short
simple or slightly branched obsoletely tomentose, sepals 5, rounded, petals 5,
obovate obtuse upper half patent each furnished at base with an oblong
hairy scale more than half the length of the petals, disk glabrous 5-cornered,
filaments slender somewhat hairy above shorter than the petals, anthers
small, ovary hairy 3-lobed. Nephelium simplicifolium, Thwaites Enum. 57,
Ceylon; south of the Island, at no great elevation, rare.
An erect shrub, 6-10 ft. high, sparingly branched. Leaves 8-12 by 2^-4 in. ; pe-
tioles 4-2 in. Racemes 2-4 in. Flowers pentamerous, \-^ in. Fetals exceeding the
calyx, not clawed. Stamens 8.
** Ovary glabrous,
t Anthers sliort.
4. S. Blukorossl, Gcerin. Fruct. i. 342, t. 70, f. 3, g, h; leaves pinnate
leaflets 10-16 rarely fewer lanceolate-oblong alternate or subopposite
acuminate or obtuse glabrous closely not conspicuously veined base oblique
obtuse, inflorescence terminal and lateral panicled obsoletely tomentose,
petals 5 each with a woolly scale on each side at the top of the claw, ovary
3-cornered glabrous. ? S. abruptus, Lour. Fl. Coch. 238.
Cultivated throughout N.W. India and Bengal. Komaon. Silhet. Assam. —
DiSTRiB. China, Benin Islands, Japan.
A handsome tree. Shoots, &c., obsoletely tomentose. Leaves 6-18 in., crowded
near the ends of the branches ; leaflets approximated, 2-6 by f-2^ in., shortly petioluled.
Flowers -yu in., white or purple, ciliated. Stamens 8-10 ; anthers small, exserted,
obtuse. Disk glabrous, flat, with 5 elevated radiated lines. Fruit fleshy, subglobose,
somewhat glaucescent, saponaceous, | in. diam., yellow. — There are two forms of this
tree ; one with obtuse or shortly and suddenly acuminate leaflets (S. detergens, Roxh.
Hort. Beng. 29; Fl. Ind. ii. 280; not of Wall Cat. 8042 ; nor S. fuscatus, -H6. -Ham.
684 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Sapindtis.
ex Wall. I.e.) ; the other with more lanceolate acuminate leaflets (S, acuminata, Wall.
Cat. 8035; lioi/le lU. 139), sometimes, as stated by Dr. Koyle, with the rachis of the
leaves very narrowly bordered.
ft Anthers oblong,
6. S. attenuatus, WcM. Cat. 8037; leaves pinnate or rarely unifoliolate
leaflets usually 8-10 ovate lanceolate elliptic or oblong acuminate glabrous
base rounded or cuneate, inflorescence terminal and axillary puberulent or
nearly glabrous, petals 4-5 imbricated about equjilling the sepals, scale
present or obsolete, ovary glabrous. Scytalia rubra, lioxh.Hort. Bencj. 29;
Fl. Ind. ii. 272. Nephelium rubrum, G. Don Gen. ^Sijst. i. tj7l ; Wight Ic. tt.
24, 25. Euphoria verticillata, WalL Cat. 8052 D, E, ?iot A, B, C. E. rubra,
RoyleRl. 138. E. attenuata, Planch, mss. in Herb. Ind. Or. II, f. <k T. Sa-
l)indacea, Griff, ^otul. iv. 551 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 599, f. 2; Itin. Notes 112,
n. 163.
Assam, Silhet and the Mishmi Hills, Wallich, Griffith, &c.; Sikkim Himalaya,
J.D.H.; Cachar Keenan; Bhotan, Griffith.
A shrub or tree of moderate size. Leaves 4-3 ft. ; always attenuate at base when
unifoliolate; leaflets alternate or opposite, 2-18 by |-1§ in. Floicera y\-^ in., nearly
glabrous, red; bud greenish. Stamens 6-8, not exserted ; anthers yellow, oblong;
filaments short or 0. Ovary bilobed. Fruit 1-2-lobed, ellipsoidal, size of an olive,
red or dark purple ; aril eaten. — There is a scandent state of this plant.
6. S. Z>anura, Voir/t Ilort. Sub. Calc. 94 ; leaves simple alternate or at
the extremities subverticillate obovate elliptic or oblong narrowed or
sliortly acuminate at apex glabnjus gradually narrowed towards a rounded
very shortly petioled bivse veins slender close not conspicuous, panicles
terminal puberulent composed of rather remote diverging compound rami-
fications, petals 5 each with a very short woollv incurved scale at base, ovary
glabrous 2-3-lobed. Scytalia Danura, lio.r,h. Ilort. Ben<j. 29 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 274.
Sc. verticillata, lioxb. Ilort. Bemj. 29 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 273. Euphoria verticil-
lata, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1059 ; 'Wall. Cat. 8052 letters A, B, C, not D, E.
Dimocarpus verticillata, lib. lioxb. ex Wall. I.e. A. Nephelium verticillatum,
G. Don Gen. Syst. i. ()70. E. Danura, Wall. Cat. 8051. Didymococcus
Danura, Blume Humph, iii. 103. D. verticillatus, Bluine I.e.
North West India, Ronnx-UND, Assam, Silhet, Birma, CHirrAaoNO, and Te-
NASSERIM.
An evergreen shrub or small tree 6-10 ft. high. Ijeaves 4-12 by 1-5^ in. ; petioles
-XT-\ in- Flowers |-| in., pale yellow tinged with pink. Stamens 6-8 ; anthers oblong
obtuse ; filaments short. Disk glabrous. Fruit 3-l-coccou8, shortly stipitate, ellip-
soidal, ^-4 in. long, pulpy when ripe, orange -coloured.
7. S. bifollolatus, Hiem ; leaves bifoliolate leaflets opposite elliptic-
oblong glabrous closely and inconspicuously veined both ends obtuse,
panicles terminal and axillary puberulent equalling or exceeding the leaves,
petals 5 each with a small rounded ciliate scale at the base, ovary glabrous
bilobed. Meplielium bifoliolatum, Thwaites Fnum. 57; Bedd. Ic. PL hid.
Or. t. 289.
Ceylon ; lower Badulu road from Kandy. Madras ; Kolay Mallay Hills, Beddome.
A much-branched tree, 20-30 ft. high. Leaves 24-74 in. ; leaflets 2-54 ^7 !-'§ '"• i
petiolules ^-^ in. Flowers J in. Sepals rounded, glabrous, shortly ciliated, connate
at base. Petals rather exceeding the sepals, glabrous, ciliated. Dvsk fleshy, glabrous.
Stamens usually 7, short ; anthers ovate-oblong. Youtig fruit bilobed. — .'\n allied new
species from Siam, collected by Sir K. Schomburgk, diliers by shorter petioles and less
branched inflorescence.
] XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) 685
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES OF 8APINDUS.
S. ACUTUS, Wall. Cat. 8096, not of Roxh., is a species of Engelhardtia.
S. ADENOPHYLLUS, Wall., is Cupaiiia adenophylla, Planch.
S. ALTERNiFOLius, Herh. Ham., is Erioglossuni edule, Blume.
S. ANGUSTiFOLius, Wall, ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Cole. 94, not of Blumei ^0°* Khasia, is
unknown to me.
S BENGHALENsis, Boxb., is Nephelium Longana, Camb.
S. BiJUGUS, Wall., is Heraigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.
S. DEFiciENS, W. & A., is Hemigyrosa deficiens, Bedd.
S. DETERGENs, Wall., not of Boxb., is Dittelasma Karak, Hooh.f.
S. EDULis, Ait., is Nephelium Lit-chi, Camb.
S. EDULIS, Blume, is Erioglossum edule, Blume.
S. FRAxiNiFOLius, DC, IS Erioglossum edule, Blume.
S. FRUTicosuH, Boxb., is Otophora IVuticosa, Blume.
S. FUSCATUS, Herb. Ham., is Dittelasma Rarak, HooTc.f.
S. GLABRATUs, Woll., Is Xerospcrmum Noronliianura, Blume.
S. GiiENiEi, Thwaites, is Glenneia zeylanica, Hooh.f.
S, iNDicA, Poir. in Lamk. Diet. vi. 6G7, from "the Indies," cultivated in the Paris
Garden, is very little known ; it has virgate glabrous branches and simple or subtri-
foliolate linear-lanceolate glabrous reticulated leaves 6-8 by 4-S in. decurrent on the
petiole ; the flower and fruit are unknown.
S. LEPID0TU8, Wall., is Aglaia Wallichii, Hiem.
S, LONGi FOLIA, Vahl Symb. iii. 53, a doubtful native of East India, is said by Rox-
burgh, Fl. Ind. ii. 282, to be a native of the Moluccas.
S, LONGiFOLius, Herb. Ham., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.
S. MiCROCARPUS, W. & A. Prodr. 112, is Meliosma Arnottiana, Bedd.
S. MOLLIS, Blume Rumphla iii. 98 (Dimocarpus Litchi, Herb. Heyne ex Blume I.e.)
may be S. trifoliatus, Linn. (S. laurifolia, Vahl).
S MONOGYNA, Herb. Heyne, is Nephelium Longana, Camb.
S. MULTiJUGUS, Wall., may be Chisocheton paniculatus, Hiem.
S. OBOVATUS, W. <& A. Prodr. Ill (Blighia sapiila, C. Kon., the " Akee,"), is Cupania
edulis, Schum. & Thonn; it is cultivated in India, having been introduced from
Guinea.
S. PiNNATUS, MUl., is probably Dittelasma Rarak, Book. f.
S. PINNATU3, Boxb., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.
S. POLYPHYLLDS, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 29 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cole. 94, with gla-
brous pallid leaves 1^ ft. bearing 14-16 subopposite or alternate obliquely oblong entire
or repand leaflets 3-6 by l-l.^ in., and with small greenish- white flowers, is very im-
perfectly known ; it was introduced into the Calcutta Garden from Pegu (Cfr. S. Muko-
rossi, Gcertn.).
S. Rarak, DC, is Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f.
S. RUBiQiNOSA, Boxb., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.
S. Saponaria, Herb. Linn., not of Linn. Sp. PL, is Erioglossum edule, Blume.
S. Saponaria, Lour., is Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f.
S. SQUAMOSUS, Boxb., is Cupania glabrata, Kurz.
S. TETRAPHYLLA, Vahl, is Hcmigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.
S. TRAVANCORENSis, Wall., is Canarium commune, Linn.
S. UNDULATU8, Wall, ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 94, is probably Nephelium Longana,
Camb.
S. UNiJUGUS, Thwaites, is Glenniea zeylanica, Hook.f.
686 xnv. SAPINDACEJE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Xerosperrnutn^
14. XEROSPBRMUM, Blume.
A tree. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets opposite,
entire. Hacemes axillary and terminal. Flowers regular, polygarao-
dioecious. Sepals 4-5, imbricated in 2 rows. Petals 4-5, equal, spathulate,
shorter or but little longer than the sepals, hairy at the margin, without
scales. Stamens 8-7, included, inserted within the annular glabrous disk ;
filaments filiform, pubescent ; anthers small, glabrous. Ova??/ sessile, didy-
mous, muricated, 2-celled ; ovules solitary, ascending. Sti/le short, thick ;
stigma thick, hairy. F7'uit 1-2-lobed ; i)art3 ellipsoidal, diverging, muri-
cated with pyramidal tubercles, indehiscent, glabrous inside. Seeds exaril-
late ; testa coriaceous outside, fleshy, pilose, simulating an aril ; embryo
curved; cotyledons very large, thickly fleshy, superposed. — Disteib. A
monotypic genus.
1. X. Moronhianuzn, Blrnne Riimjth. iii. 100 ; leaflets 2-5 rarely
only i elliptic lanceolate or oblong more or less acuminate glabrous closely
reticulated base obtuse or cuneate, racemes short simple or branched sub-
fascicled. Euphoria Nonmhiana, Blaine Biklr. 234 {as to the fruit). E.
xerocarpa, Blume Bijdr, 234. Nephelium iNoronhianum, Camb. in Mem.
Mu8. Par. xviii. 30. N. xerocarpum, Camb. i.e. Siipindus glabratus, Wall.
Cat. 8095. Euphoria (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8054.— Wall. Cat. 8083, 8084.
SiLHET, WnUlch; Khasia Mts. and TENAStiEKiM, Griffith. Malacca, Singapore and
Penang, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Java.
A tree, 30-45 or more feet high, with terete puberulent shoots. Leaves 7-13 in. ;
leaflets 34-9 by \-3\ in. ; petiolules J-| in. llacemes 1-4 in. Flowers J in., greenish
or yellow. Finiit 1 in. or more long, yellow. — The Khasia and Silhet specimens ditfer
from the type by lanceolate and more acuminate leaflets.
15. NSFKBZ.IU»I, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate or rarely simple ;
leaflets entire or rarely dentate more or less glaucous beneath (the lowest
pair in one species simulating stipules), Iiiliwescence terminal and axillary.
Flowers regular, polygamous. Cahjx 4-8-l()bed usually cup-shaped, sub-
valvate or somewhat imbricated in bud. Petals small, without scales, as
many as or fewer in number than the calyx-lobes, or wanting. Stamens
6-10, inserted within the fleshy glabrous or pubescent disk ; filaments
usually pubescent. Ovary j)ubescent, 2-3-lobed, usually verrucose ; lobes
1 -celled, 1-ovuled. Style 2-3-lobed, erect. Fruit 1-3-coccous, indehiscent.
globose or oblong, echinate tubercled or smooth. Seeds globose, includea
in a pulpy aril.-^-DiSTRiB. A genus not separable from Euphoria (/w^s.), and
with it containing about 30 species, confined to India the Indian Archi-
pelago S. China and Australia; in the last country about 10 species occur.
Sect. I. Zcaves usually paripinnate; leaflets none stipuliform.
* Petals wanting. Calyx dentate w half-cleft.
1. N. mutabile, BluTne Pumj^h. iii. 104 ; leaflets 4-8 opposite or sub-
alternate oblong or oblong-elliptic obtusely acuminate entire thinly
coriaceous above glabrous shining beneath glaucous marked with somewhat
arching lateral veins puberulent-glandular base obtusely narrowed or rarely
rounded, racemes siniple or branched shortly pubescent, calyx cup-shaped
4-5-fid, petals 0, disk glabrous, stamens 7-8, fruit echinate-muricate
with strong rigid setse. Euphoria Longana, Blume Bijdr. 233 {not of
]\repMium.] xliv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 687
Lamk.). N. Griffithianum, Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 303.
Sapindacea, Griff. Notul. iv. 550 ; Ic. PL Ind. Or. iv. t. 599, f. i.
AvA, at Bhamo, Griffith. Singapore, Anderson, Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. —
DiSTRiB. Java, Borneo.
^ Leaves 3-18 in. ; leaflets 2-7 by ^-2^ in. ; petlolules jV-? i"- Flowers ^^-J in. wide.
Stamens exserted ; filaments pubescent; anthers small, glabrous. Fruit 1-1^ in.
diara., red ; setas subulate, obtuse, glabrous or obsoletely tomentose, ^-| in. long.
Var. ? pallens ; leaflets pallid green and nearly glabrous on both sides base more
cuneate, inflorescence denser and more branched, filaments 6-8 slender longer, fruit un-
known. — Malacca, Maingay ; Teuasserim, Lohh.
2. N. lappaceuxn, Linn. Mant. i. 125; leaflets 2-12 opposite or
alternate elliptic obovate or oblon? usually obtuse quite entire glabrate
base obtusely narrowed, racemes loosely panicled axillary and terminal,
calyx 4-6-fid subvalvate, petals 0, ovary 2-3-dymous 2-celled densely
hirsute, fruit echinate-muricate. Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 272, t. 140, f. 1 ;
Blume Rumph. iii. 103; Lamk. HI. t. 764; Hassk. PI. Jav. Par. 287.
Euphoria Nephehum, DC. Prodr. i. 612 ; Wall. Cat. 8053 eaxl. part of B.
Scytalia Ramboutan, Boxh. Hart. Beng. 29; FL Lnd. ii. 271. Dimocarpus
crinita. Lour. Fl. Cochincli. 234. N. echinatum, Noronh. in Batav,
Genootsch. Verk. v. 80.
Singapore, Wallich, Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago.
A lofty tree. Leaves 3-18 in. ; leaflets 2-9 by 1-4 in., shining and dark green above,
paler and marked with subparallel lateral veins beneath ; petiolules xV^i in. Branches
of the panicle spreading ; flowers fascicled, pubescent, ts— iV in. diam. Calyx cam-
panulate, at length patent. Stamevs 5-8, exserted ; filaments pubescent, especially
towards base. Style deeply 2-3-lobed ; lobes recurving. Fruit-lobes 4-2 in. long, red
yellowish orange or nearly black, setae subulate. Aril transparent, milky, fleshy,
edible. — Hasskarl gives 15 varieties of this cultivated tree, commonly called Bam'
boutan.
3. N". grlabruxn, Noronh. in Batav. Genootsch. Verh. v. 80 ; leaflets 2-10
opposite or alternate elliptic usually obtuse at both ends sometimes shortly
acuminate entire above glabrous and shining beneath glabrate or appres-
sedly pubescent paler, racemes panicled, calyx 5-6-lobed slightly imbri-
cated, petals 0, ovary deeply lobed, fruit tubercled. Reinwardt in Blume
Cat. Buiienz. Ill; Hassk. PI. Jav. Bar. 290. Euphoria glabra, Blume
Bijdr. 233.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Probably Malay Archipelago.
. A lofty tree. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 3-6 by l|-24 in., marked beneath with sub-
parallel lateral veins ; petiolules xV~5 i"- Branches of the panicles less patent than in
N. lappaceum; flowers pubescent, y\-tV ^"- diam., fascicled. Calyx campanulate at
length patent. Stamens 5-10, exserted; filaments pilose. Fruit globose or ellip-
soidal glabrous, 1 in. long or more, from dark red to straw-coloured. Aril sweet. —
Very like N. lappaceum, except the fruit. Hasskarl gives 3 forms of it. Blume in
Runiphia, iii. 103, treats this as a remarkable variety of AT. lappaceum, towards which,
he states, there is a transition. A form occurs, probably referable to this species, with
a 1-culled ovary and uoilateral style.
4. N. lait-chl, Camh. in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii. 30 ; leaflets 2-8 opposite or
alternate oblong-lanceolate or ovate acuminate above quite glabrous shining
beneath glaucous glabrous or very nearly so, lateral veins obsolete base
cuneate, panicle terminal, calyx 4-5-dentate, petals 0, disk glabrous,
stamens 6-10 at length exserted, fruit tubercled. Grah. Cat. Bomb, PI.
29 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL Suppl. 13 ; Wight Ic. t. 43 ; Blume Rumph,
iii. 106. Sapindus edulis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. 36 (1789) ; not of Blume.
Euphoria punicea, Lamk. Diet, iii. 573; lU. t. 306. Dimocarpus Lichi,
688 XLiv. SAPINDACEJE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Nepheliuvi.
Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 233. Scytalia chinensis, Gcertn. Fruct. i. 197, t. 42, f. 3.
Sc. Litchi, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 ; FL Ind. ii. 269. E. Lit-clii, J^m. Gen.
248 ; WaU. Cat. 8048 {part). N. dimocarpus, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. (fh T.
(N. duriocarpus, T. Anders. Fl. Beluir 11). — Sonn. Voy. Ind. t. 129.
Widely cultivated in India ; iritrodnced from S. China.
A fine tree of moderate height, with spreading branches. Leaves 3-9 in. ; leaflets
li-6by 4~lf in- j petiolules y\-i in, /w/orwcewcf tawny-puberulent; flowers greenish-
white, t^-^ in. wide. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Disk glabrous. Ovary 2-3-
celled, ferruginous-hairy; style 2-3-lobed, lobes recurved. Fruit 2-1-lobed, globose,
about 1 in. diam, ; pericarp dry, at length brittle ; tubercles angular. Aril fleshy,
whitish, edible. — The Litchi of commerce.
** Petals present. Calyx usimlly with deep divisions,
t Leaflets quite entire.
X Lateral veins of leaflets obsolete.
5. K. rubescens, Hiem ; leaflets 2-10 opposite or alternate lanceolate
or oblong acuminate base (►btuse or cuneate both sides glabrous shining
lateral veins obsolete reticulation minute, panicles axillary and teriniuju
pubescent, calyx rather deeply 4-5-lobed imbricated in bud, petals 4-5
small hairy, stamens 8-10 exserted, ovary emarginate or didymous, fruit
sharply tubercled. Euphoria Lit-chi, Wall. Cat. 8048,' letters G, H only, not
of Juss.
Martaban and Singapore, WaUich. Malacca Griffith.
Glabrous and shining except the inflorescence. Leaves 6-18 in. ; leaflets 2-7^ by
4-2^ in., turning somewhat red in drying ; petiolules J-^ in. Flowers ^^-^ in, wide.
Petals Hnour-obtuse or ovate acute, i)isk glabrous. Anthers small; filaments pube-
scent, shorter in the female flowers. Fruit-lobes oblong or ellipsoidal, generally solitary,
green or red, |-1 in. long ; setae tubular, short, compressed.
XX Lateral veins of leaflets more or less coyisj^icumis.
6. N. ? Maingrayi, Hiem ; leaflets 2 or 4 opposite obovate or elliptic
glabrous coriaceous shortly petioluled obtuse base obtusely narrowed lateral
veins not much raised, flowers tetramerous, calyx-lobes shortly ciliated
otherwise glabrous, petals smaller without scales, stamens 8 included, lobes
of capsule usually solitary oblong nearly glabrate.
Malacca, Maingay.
^ Glabrous except ferruginous-puberulent shoots and inflorescence. Leaves 4-1 0^ in. ;
rachis not winged; leaflets 24-6^ by 1^-3| in.; petiolules \-^ in. Inflorescence
ranging up to 8 in.; flowers -\^'\^. diam., in internipted globose clusters; bracts
ranging up to 1 in. long or more. Calyx clefi, lobes imbricated. Petals shaggy-
tomentose. Filaments hairy. Ovary hairy. Fruit (immature) f-1 in. long, shortly
Btipitate.
7. N. costatum, ^t«^; leaflets 4-6 opposite or alternate elliptic or
oblong glabrous entire above dark green beneath pale obtuse emar-
ginate or shortly acuminate base obtuse, flowers panicled tomentose, calyx
deeply 5-lobed imbricated in bud, petals 5 minute obtuse attenuate towards
base, stamens exserted.
Malacca, Maingay.
Leaves Q-\Q \x\. ; leaflets 3-6 by U-2| in., marked with subparallel lateral veins
beneath ; petiolules ^-A in. Panicles densely flowered, nearly equalling the leaves ;
flowers ^ in. diam. Filaments pilose. Ovary pilose.
8. N. ZiOng'ana, Camb. in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii 30; leaflets 4-10
opposite or alternate elliptic ovate oblong or lanceolate usually rather
Nephelium.] XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) 689
obtuse at both ends glabrous above subglaucescent glabrous or nearly so
marked with lateral veins beneath wavy entire, base oblique, panicles ter-
minal an.d axillary, calyx deeply 5- rarely 6-lobed somewhat imbricated in
bud, petals spathulate about equalling the calyx, disk tomentose, stamens
6-10 included in the female shortly exserted in the male flowers, ovary
2-3-lobed, fruit tubercled. Bot. Mag. t. 4096 ', W. (h A. Prodr. 113 ;
Grah. Bomb. PI. 29 ; Blume Rumph. iii. 108 ; Dah. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35 ;
Thwaites Enum. 58. N. Mora, Gardn. ex Thwaites I.e. N. bengalense,
G. Don GfM. JSi/st. i. 570. Scytalia bengalensis, Poxb. ex G. Bon I.e. So.
Longan, Poxb. Hovt. Beng. 29 ; Fl. Lid. ii. 270. Dimocarpus Longan,
Lour. Fl. Cocliinch. 233; Trans. Hort. Soc. ii. t. 28. Euphoria Longana,
Lamk. Diet.' Hi. 574; Bot. Peg. t. 1729; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 156; Wall. Cat,
8049. Saj lindus benghalensis, Poxb. e.x W. <& A. I.e. Dimocarpus undulatus,
Wight ex W. (k A. I.e. E. undulata, Hb. Heyne ex Wall. I.e. S. monogyna,
Hb. Heyne I.e. D. pupilla, Moon Cat. 31. N. pupillum, Wight III. i. 141.
Euphoria pupillum. Stead. Norn. ed. 2, ii. 192 (under N. pupillum). N. hypo-
leucum, iturz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 50. — Cupania (sp.), Wall.
Cat. 8067, letter A not B.
Eastern Bengal. Pegu. Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards.
Ceylon. Often cultivated. — Distrib. Cultivated in the tropics.
A tree of 30-40 ft. Leaves 4-18 in. ; leaflets 2-12 by ^-24 in. ; petiolules ^Vs io-
Inflorescence puberulent ; flowers yellowish-white, ^-i in. wide. Cqlyx shortly tomen-
tose on both sides. Petals 5 rarely 6, pubescent. Filaments pubescent ; anthers gla-
brous, shorter. Fruit reddish or purple, globose, 4-1 in- diam. ; tubercles rugose or
at length smooth. Aril wholesome.
9. N. xnalaiense, Grif. Notid. iv. 549 ; leaflets 6-8 subopposite or
alternate elliptic or ovate-oblong shortly acuminate above dark green gla-
brous beneath ferruginous-pubescent subglaucous marked with transverse
somewhat arched lateral veins base rounded, inflorescence terminal panicled
glandular pubescent, calyx deeply 5-lobed somewhat imbricated, petals entire
obovate shaggy inside, stamens short, fruit tubercled or almost obsoletely
so globose.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Young parts glandular-pubescent. Leaves \-l\ ft.; leaflets 2^-94 by 1-3| in.;
petiolules very, short, y\-^ in. Inflorescence about 1 ft. ; bracts lanceolate, obtuse ;
flowers fascicled, i in. diam. Calyx-lohes obtuse, about equalling the petals. Stamens
8; filaments pubescent; anthers glabrous, shorter than the filaments, scarcely exserted.
Ovary lobed, hairy, equalling the style ; stigma capitate, 2-3-lobed. Fruit |-| in.
diam. ; aril fleshy..
10. N. eriopetalum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 508 ; leaflets 6-8
opposite or alternate elliptic-oblong or oblong apex rounded emarginate or
apiculate base rounded or obtuse entire beneath ferruginous subtomentose
with well-defined lateral veins above shining, branches of the panicles
spike-like, calyx deeply 5-lobed subvalvate, petals spathulate hairy, fila-
ments pubescent, fruit echinate-muricate.
Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra.
Young parts and inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves 1-14 ft.' leaflets 44-10
by 14-34 in. ; petiolules ^-^ in. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, shorter than the
leaves ; flowers -^^-^ wide. Calyx-lubes ovate-elliptic, obtuse, tomentose outside, gla-
brous inside. Petals small, often some deficient. Disk hairy. Stamens 5-8, shortly
exserted ; anther shortly oblong, not quite glabrous. Ovary 2-lobed, hairy. Cocci of
the fruit compresso subglobose, 1-1^ in. diam., bright red; seta subulate-obtuse, \ in.
VOL.1. YY
GOO XLiv. sAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Nephelium,
ft Leaflets coarsely serrate.
11. N. G-ardneri, Thwaites Enum. 58; leaflets 4-6 lanceolate coarsely
remotely and obtusely serrate subglabrous lower surface glaucous base
obliquely cuneate very shortly petioluled, racemes panicled, calyx deeply
lobed hoary-tomentellous, jVetals linear-spathulate acute, fruit smoothly
tubercled. Euphoria Gardneri, Benth. d- Hook. /. Gen. PI. i. 406 ; Bedd.
Ic. PL hid. Or. t. 285.
Ceylon ; at Puttam, Gardner.
Leaves 3-8 in. ; leaflets 2-4 by ^-1^ in. Inflorescence about as long as the leaves ;
flowers |-J in. wide, 5-merous. Cahjx-lohes ovate, somewhat imbricate in bud, hairy
on both Mdes. Petals hairy on both sides, exceeding the calyx. Disk hairy. Sta-
mens 7-10, short ; filaments hairy ; anthers small, glabrous. Ovary tubercled, hispid,
didymous; style rather long. Fruit ^ in. long.
Sect. IL Leaves paripinnate ; leaflets with the lowest pair stipuliform.
12. N. Btipulaceum, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. S(K. xxv. 212 ; Ic. PL Ind.
Or. t. 103; Fl. ISylv. t. 155; leaflets 4-6 opposite or alternate elliptic
obtuse glabrous lower surface pale or glaucous with clear slender lateral
veins glandular in the axils base cuneate lowest pair opposite small sti-
puliform, panicles axillary and terminal, calyx hirsute 6-6-partite sub-
valvate, petals 0, stamens 5-9 short, fruit echinate.
Western Peninsula ; moist forests of Malabar and the Anamallay hills, alt. 2000 ft.,
rare, Bcddome.
A handsome tree of middle size, with strong wood. Leaves 6-14 in. ; leaflets 24-6
by 1^-3 in., lowest pair 4-1 in. long; petiolules short, ranging up to j^ in. Panicles
rather shorter tiian the leaves; flowers about ^ in. wide. Calyx upreading. Anthers
small. Ovary 2-3-lobed. iityU 2-3-lobed ; lobes recurved, glandular. F't'uit ellip-
soidal, I by 4 in- ; 8*3^86 subulate obtuse, rather weak, hairy at tip. Seeds half covered
with the succulent aril.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIE*.
EupnoRA EX8TIPULAT18, Griff., is Aglaia minutiflora, Bedd.
EupiiOKiA A'lTENUATA, Plunch., is Sapindus attcnuatus. Wall.
E. Danuka, Wall., is Sapindus Danura, Voigt.
E. fuscata, Benth. d; Ilook.f., is Glenniea zeylanica, Hook. f.
E. LiTCHi, Wall. Cat. 8048 E only (Scytalia glabra, Hb. Ham.), is Walsura robusta,
Boxb.
E. Nephelium, Wall. Cut. 8053 part of'B, is Mallotus subpeltatus, Muell. Arg.
E. NoKONHiANA, Bluvie, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume.
E. RiMOSA, Boyle 111. 138, is the same as Nephelium rimosum, G. Don.
E. rubra, Boyle III. 138, is Sapindus attcnuatus, WaU.
E. VERTiciLLATA, Lindl., is Sapindus Danura, Voigt.
E. VERTICILLATA, Wall. Cat. 8052 D, E, only, is Sapindus attcnuatus, WaU.
E. XEROCARPA, Blume, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blame.
E. (sp.). Wall. Cat. 8054, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume.
Nepuelium uiFOLioLATUM, Thwaitcs, is Sapindus bifoliolatus, Hiem.
N. ERECTUM, Thvmites, is Sapindus erectus, Hiem.
N. EXiMiUM, Thwaites, is Pometia tomentosa, Kurz.
N. FUf^CATUM, Thwaites, is Glenniea zeylanica, Hook.f.
N. Noronhianum, Canib., is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume.
N. rimosum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 671 ; W. & A. Prodr. 113 (Scytalia rimosa,
Boxb. Hori. Beng. 29 ; FL Ind. ii. 272), from Silhet, is unknown to me.
Nephelium.'] xliv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 691
N. RUBRUM, G. Don, is Sapindus attenuatus, Wall.
N. siMPLiGiFOLiuM, T/iwaites, is Sapindus Thwaitesii, Hiern.
N. VAKiABiLE, Wall, ex Voiyt Hort. Sub. Oalc. 95, from Khasia, is unknown to me.
N. VERTiciixATCM, G. Dou, 13 Sapindus Danura, Voigt.
N. XEROCARPUM, Camb., is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume,
16. POXMCETIA, J. R. & G. Forst.
Tall trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, leaflets subopposite, entire or serrate
(the lowest pair usually stipuliform). Racemes simple or panicled, elongated
slender. Flowers regular, polygamous, fascicled, small, shorter than their
pedicels. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-4-fid, valvate in bud. Petals 5-4, small,
usually without scales. Disk complete, annular, lobed. Stamens 4-8,
usually 6-4 inserted within the disk, at length much exserted ; anthers
small. Ovary 2-3-coccous and -celled ; ovules solitary. Style elongated ;
stigma obtuse, eraarginate. Fruit 1-2-coccous ; lobes subglobose or ellip-
soidal, indehiscent, smooth. Seeds exalbuminous, covered with a mucila-
ginous aril. — DiSTEiB. Species few, confined to India, Ceylon, the Indian
Archipelago and the Pacific Islands.
1. P. tomentosa, Kurz Andam. Rep. ed. 2, 34 ; leaflets 10-26 oblong
glabrescent or veins and midrib pubescent or even tomentose usually
acuminate base rounded or somewhat cordate lateral veins numerous
clearly marked beneath, inflorescence pubescent or glabrescent, flowers
5-4-merous. P. eximia, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 157. Irina glabra, Blxime
Bijdr. 230. Eccremanthus eximius, Tkwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 272,
t. 9. Nephelium eximium, Tkwaites Enum. 57. — Rumph. Herh. Amboin. ill.
31, t. 17.
Eastern Peninsula; South Andaman's, iTwrs; Malacca, Maingay ; Ceylon, in
the Central province, Thwaites .—^Di^TRm. Malay Archipelago.
A tree ranging up to 60 ft. wath terete giabrate branches^. Leaves 1-3 ft. ; leaflets
ranging up to 14 t'J 1 ^v the lower leaflets smaller, the lowest pair very small |-lj
in. diam. ; lateral veins alternately ending in a tooth ; petiolules very short. Flowers
very small, 5-4-merous, yellowish-green. Petals white, short, glabrous or hairy near
the apex inside, with or without an adnate hairy scale. Dish bright red or orange.
Stamens 5-4 ; filaments pubescent at least below. Fruit deep red or brown when rij>e,
glabrous, ellipsoidal or subglobose, 1-2 in. diam. Seeds oblong ; testa red ; aril white,
opaque. — Timber useful. For a figure and description of a monstrous leaf of this plant,
see a paper by Dr. A. Braun on the subject. This perhaps ought to be united to P.
pinnata, /. li. & G. Forster Char. Gen. 110, t. 55, a native of Fiji and other South
Sea Islands ; it differs from the latter by rather more numerous less sessile less cordate
and not imbricating leaflets.
Var. ferruginea ; young parts inflorescence rachis of leaves and midrib of leaflets
ferruginous- tomentose ; leaflets not exceeding 7 by 2^ in.
17. KARPUXiXjIA, Eoxb.
Erect trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate ; leaflets alternate,
entire, acuminate, subglabrous. Flowers in racemes or panicles dioecious
or polygamous, regular. Se2}als 4-5, erect, equal, imbricated. Petals 4-5,
narrowly obovate, exceeding the calyx, sometimes clawed, without either
glands or scales, but sometimes with inflected lobes at the base of the
lamina. Stamens 5-8, elongated, inserted within the obscure di.sk. Ovanj
Y y2
693 XL IV. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Harpullm.
tomentose, ellipsoidal or oblong, 2-celled ; ovules usually 2 together, super-
posed. Style elongated; stigma linear, usually more or less twisted.
Caj^sule coriaceous, inflated, 2-lobed, 2-celled, loculicidaUy 2-valved ; cells
1-2-seeded. Seeds subglobose, exalbuminous, usually anllate. — DisTRiB.
About 6 tropical Asiatic, Australian and ^ladagascar species.
1. K. cupanoides, Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 86 ; Fl. Ind, ed. Carey, ii. .442 ;
ed. 1832, i 646; leaflets 6-12 alternate or opposite ovate or elliptic thinly
coriaceous lateral nerves neither stout nor ap])roximate base obtuse or
cuneate shortly petiolate, panicles lax axillary and subterminal, fruit,
glabrate or nearly so. Wall. Oat. 8078. Streptostigma viridiflorum,
Thwait€8 in Ilook. Kew Joum. vL 298, t. 9 (1854). H. imbricata, Thwaiies
Enum. 56; Bedd FL Sylv. t. 158. Otonychium imbricatum. Blame
Rumph. iii 180 {Jde Thwaites).
Chittaoono, Roxburgh. Bikma, Griffith. South Andamaks, Kurz. Western
Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. Ceyix)N, in the Central province. — Distrib.
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
A tree with straight trunk. Leaves 6-18 in. ; leaflets 2-9 hy 1-3 in. ; petiohiles
|{-| in. Panicles erect (in flower), 2-9 in. long. Fhicers pale-yellow or greenish,
f-4 in. long. Calyx ^-J in. long, somewhat tomentose, deciduous ; partitions ob-
tuse. Petals glabrous except the claw, obtuse. Capmle 1 by 1^-2^ in., compressed,
pendulous, bright orange. — Some of Blume's species of Harpullia are probably syno-
nymous.
18. ZOXiXiIMGSRZA, Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 303 (1872).
A glabrcscent, shining tree. Leaves alternate, deciduous, exstipulate ;
leaflets alternate, entire, papery. Panicles axillary and tenninal ; flowers
white, pedicelled. Calyx 6-partite ; sepals deciduous, unequal, imbricated ;
the inner 2 larger. Petals 5, somewhat clawed, each furnished at the bjise
with an obtuse woolly scale half as long as themselves. Stamens 8, inserted
within the obsolete disk ; filaments not exserted, longer slender ; anthers
oval, cells blunt. Ovary 3-sided, conical, attenuated into the simple
3-dentate 3-sided style, 3-celled ; cells 1-2-ovuled. Capsules large, papery,
usually 1-celled, broadly 3-2-winged, septicidally dehiscent. Seeds solitary
or 2 together, exalbuminous, witliout aril ; testa membranous ; cotyledons
large green plicate.— Distrib. A monotypic genus.
1. Z. macrocarpa, Kurz I.e.; leaves glabrous, leaJBets 4-5 oblong
rather obtusely narrowed scarcely acuminate base oblique, capsule-wings
striate rounded at base truncate at apex.
Pegu, at Prome, Kurz.
A tree up to 80 ft. ; young parts tawny-puberulent. Leaves 9-12 in., odd-pinnate or
rarely siibabruptly pinnate ; leaflets 5-8 by 14-2 in.; lateral veins subparallei ; petio-
hiles J-j in. Panicles 4-6 in., somewhat drooping, obsoletely puberulcnt Pedicels
^ in. Sej)als about ^\ in. lont;, obovate, ciliolated, subemarginate. Petah ^ in. long,
ciliated, oblong, obtuse. i^^iVamcnf.? pubescent. Ovary sparingly pubescent at base.
Capsules 2-2^ in. by 1^-lf in., oblong, glabrate.
19. ACER, Tournef.
Trees with opposite simple or palmately lobcd exstipulate leaves, ter-
minal and lateral racemes or corymbs and polygamous regular flowers.
Calyx usually 5-partite, imbricated, deciduous. Petals isomerous with the
Acer.] XLiv. SAPINDACE2E. (W. P. Hiem.) 693
sepals or 0, erect, shortly clawed, without scales. Stamens 4-12, usually 8,
inserted on the glabrous disk; filaments usually shorter in the herma-
phrodite than in the male flowers. Ovary 2- (rarely 3-) lobed and celled,
laterally compressed; cells 2-ovuled. Style bipartite; divisions linear,
stigmatose on the inner face. Fruit a double samara, indehiscent. Seeds
exalbuminous, exarillate ; embryo conduplicate. — Distrib. A genus of
40-50 species, found also in Europe, other parts of Asia, and in North
America.
Sect. I. Leaves undivided.
* Leaves with 3 basal nerves,
1. A. oblongrijim, Wall, in DC Prodr. i 593; Cat. 1222; leaves un-
divided quite entire oblong or ovate acuminate glabrescent penninerved
silvery glaucous beneath base obtuse 3-nerved, cymes panicled contemporary
with the leaves pubescent. Camh. in Jacq. toy. Bot. 31, t. 34 ; Brand. Fc/r.
FL 110; Roylelll. 134. A. laurifolium, D. Don Prodr. 249. A. Bu^im-
pala, Hamilt. ex D. Don I.e.
Temperate Himalaya ; from Kashmir, alt. 2-3000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 3-5000 ft. ;
Bhotan, and the Mishmi hills. — Distrib. Hongkong, Lochow Islds.
A tree of 40-50 ft. ; trunk 1-2 ft. diara. Leaves more or less persistent, dark-green
above, 2-7 by |-3 in., minutely reticulated ; petioles f-Sg in., usually about half the
length of their leaves. Sepals and petals narrow, iV-rir i^* Stamens 8, exserted, gla-
brous. Ovary hairy, i^riw'i glabrous ; carpels 1-1 j in. long ; wings venose, diverging,
contracted below, back nearly straight ; cells woody, angular, clothed inside with white
hairs.— Wood reddish, used for agricultural implements, and in Tibet for drinking
cups.
Vak. ? microcarpum ; carpels 4-1 in. long. Mishmi hills, Griffith.
2. A. niveum, Blume Cent. Plant. Nov.; Rumph. iii 193, t. 167 B, fig. 1 ;
leaves undivided quite entire elliptic or oblong acuminate or caudate
glabrescent penninerved white-glaucous beneath base rounded 3-nerved,
cymes panicled glabrous contemporary with the leaves. A laurinum^
Hassk. in Tydschr. Nat. Wetersch. x. 138(1843); Cai. PI. Ilort. Bog. 222
{vjithoui demription in eitlier case). A. javanicum, Jungk. in Tydschr. Nat.
Wetersch. viii. 391 (1841), not of Burmann.
Upper Assam, Griffith. Martaban, at Moulniein, Heifer. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.
A tree of 100-150 ft. Leaves 3-8 by 1-34 i^- 5 petioles 1-3 in. Cymes lax; flowers
yellowish-green. Sepals lanceolate or oblong, ^ in. Petals equalling or shorter than
the sepals. Stamens 6-8, glabrous, short, included (in hermaphrodite flowers). Ovary
hairy, i^rwif glabrous ; carpels |-2 4 in. long; wings venose, widening upwards, back
but little curved, cells not angular.
3. A. laevlg-atum, Wall. PI. As. Bar. ii. 3, t. 104 ; Cat 1223 ; leaves
undivided quite entire or minutely serrate when young ovate or oblong
acuminate glabrous shining penninerved reticulated green on both sides
base rounded 3-nerved, cymes panicled glabrous contemporary with the
leaves. Brand. For. Fl. 110, non Hort.
Temperate Himalaya; alt. 5-9000 ft,, from Simla to Sikkim. Khasia Mts., alt.
6000 ft.
A large tree; trunk 30-40 ft. high, 3-4 ft. diam. Leaves 24-6 by 1-2 in., more
strongly reticulated than in A. ohlongum; petioles ^-4 in. Cymes laxer than in A,
ohlongum. Sepals 5, ovate or lanceolate, -^ in. Petals 5, obtuse, clawed, white,
yj-^ in. Stamens 5-8, glabrous, exserted. Ovary hairy. Fruit glabrous ; carpels
694 XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Acer.
1-1| in. long; wings venose, slightly diverging, widened above, back usually curved;
cells not angular. — Wood used for building. -*
** Leaves with 5 basal nerves.
4. A. sikkimense, 3Iiq. iyi Archives Neerlandaises, ii. 471 ; leaves un-
divided minutely serrate ovate cuspidate subcoriaceous glabrous penni-
nerved both sides green base cordate 5-nerved, racemes spicate contem-
porary with the leaves glabrate.
Eastkrn Tempkrate Himalaya, frora'Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft., and Bhotan, to the
Mislimi hills, Griffith.
A large tall tree. Zeares 3-6 by l|-3§ iy. ; petioles f-1^ in. Racemes equalling
or shorter than the leaves ; pedicels very short alternate and opposite. Sepals lanceo-
late. Petals short. Stamens glabrous, short. Fruit glabrous ; carpels |-f in. long ;
wings venose, diverging, widened above, back straight or slightly curved ; cells not
angular.
5. A. Hookerl, Miq. in Archives Neerlandaises, ii. 471 ; leaves un-
divided finely dui)licato-serrate ovate caudate-acuminate subinenibranous
subglabrate both sides green base 5-nerved cordate, racemes simple nearly
equalling and contemporary with the leaves puberulent.
Eastekn Teju'erate Himalaya; Sikkiai, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H. Bhotan,
Griffith.
A tree of 40-50 ft. Leaves 2^-6 by 1 J-3i in. ; petioles 1-2 in. Racemes 2-4^ in. ;
pedicels ^-^ in. Flowers J in., glabrous. Sepals elliptic or ovate. Petals obovate,
about equalling the sepals. Stameris 8, scarcely exserted. Fruit glabrous ; carpels
2-| in. long; wings venose, diverging, widened above, back slightly curved; cells not
angular.
6. A. stachyophylluxn, Ilier/i ; leaves undivided serrate ovate
caudate-acundnate subniembranous penninerved upper surface sul)glabrous
lower surface hoary- velvety base rounded or sligiitly hollowed 5-nerved,
racemes simple or branched about equalUng the leaves.
Eastern Temperate Himalaya; Sikkim, in the Lachoong valley, alt. 9-10,000 ft.,
J. D. H. CnoTAN, Griffith.
A small tree. Leaves 2i-3i by 1^-2^ in.; petioles 1-3 in. Flowers unknown,
i^rwi^ glabrous ; carpels If-'i in. long; wings venose, somewhat widened upwards and
diverging ; cells angular, cuneatc at biise, woody.
Sect. IT. Leaves 3-lobed.
7. A. Isolobum, Kurz in Joitm. As. Soc. Beng. xli. 302, 1872; leaves
deeply 3-lobed glabrous shining acutely serrulate base subcordate 3-nerved
lobes lanceolate acuminate acute.
Pegu, Kurz.
A largo glabrous tree. Leaves 3-4^ by 3-5 in. wide ; petioles 1-2 in. Flowers and
fruit unknown.
8. A. pentapomlcum, J. L. Steicart ex Brand. For. Fl. Wl- leaves
3-lobed glabrescent except tufts of hairs in the axils of the 3-5 basal nerves
base truncate or cordate lobes ovate obtusely serrate, peduncles fascicled.
North Western Temperate Himalaya; in hot dry places from Kashmir to
Kumaon, alt. 2300-5300 ft.
A tree ; girth of trunk rarely as much as 5^ ft. ; twigs grey or reddish. Leaves 14-4
by 24-6 in., pale on both sides; lobes about half the depth of the leaves; petioles
14-4 in., thinly tomentose when young, afterwards glabrate. Flowers unknown. Pe-
Acer,] XLiv. sapinbacejs. (W. P. Hiern.) 695
duncles in short little-branched corymbose cypies, which measure 2-3 in. long. Fruit
glabrous ; carpels 1 in. long ; wings venose, slightly diverging, widening above, back
nearly straight ; cells somewhat nodose.
Sect. III. Leaves S-lobed and nerved (3-lobed in A. villosum var.
Thomsoni).
, 9. A. ceesluxn, Wall, ex Brand. For. i^Z. Ill, t. 21 ; leaves palmately
6-lobed pale beneath serrate base cordate 5-nerved lobes ovate acuminate
basal ones smaller, cymes corymbose appearing after the leaves.
Temperate Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 7-10,000 ft., extend-
ing to Kumaon.
A tree, 70-80 ft. high. Leaves 34-7 by 4-8 in., thinly pubescent, especially on the
veins beneath, usually glabrescent except in the axils of the 5 (rarely 7) basal nerves ;
petioles 24 6g in. Cymes nearly equalling the leaves ; flowers pentamerous. Petals
short, white. Stamens short, i^rwif glabrate ; carpels l|-2 in. long; wings venose,
somewhat diverging, back slightly curved ; cells angular, black. — Wood soft ; inferior
drinking cups are made of it in Tibet.
10, A. vlllosuxn, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 4; Cat. 1227; leaves normally
5-lobed upper surface glabrate lower surface pubescent or nearly glabrate
rather paler base cordate 5-nerved lobes ovate or lanceolate serrate or repand,
racemes branched or simple pubescent usually appearing rather before the
leaves. Brand. For. Fl. HI. A. sterculiaceum, Wall. PI. As. Par. ii. 3,
t. 105; Cat. 1224.
Temperate Western Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 7-9000 ft.
A large handsome tree. Leaves 3J-10 in. long and wide ; petioles 2-5 in. Cymes
lateral shorter than the leaves. Sepals elliptic or ovate, ciliate, 3-nerved. Petals
linear-oblong, ciliate, about equalling the calyx. Stamens 5-8, glabrous, exserted.
Fruit puberulent, brownish; carpels 14-2? in. long, diverging; wings venose, margins
often crenulate, back rather curved ; cells angular-nervose. — According to Dr.
Wallich his A. sterculiaceum differs from the type of A. villosum in being much
smoother; he thinks, however, that this difference may perhaps be due to its less
elevated situation.
Vak, Thomsoni, Miq. in Archives Neerlandaises, ii. 470 {sp.) ; basal lobes of leaves
obsolete, the three other lobes small, fruit 2-3 in. long. — Sikkim Himalaya, alt.
7-9000 ft., /. D. H. ; Bhotan, Griffith.— This is probably A. platanifolia. Griff. Itin.
Notes, 200, and perhaps distinct from A. villosum.
11. A. caudatum, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 4, 28, t. 132; Cat. 1225; leaves
5-lobed serrate submembranous nearly or quite glabrescent except axils of
the 5 basal nerves base cordate or truncate lobes ovate caudate the two
basal ones small, racemes short in flower longer in fruit nearly glabrous.
Brand. For. Fl. 112. A. pectinatum, Wall. I.e. ; Cat. 1226. A. acuminatum,
Wall, ex D. Dm Prodr. 249.
Temperate Himalaya; from Chumba to Sikkim, alt. 7-11,000 ft.
A large tree, with somewhat glaucous shoots. Leaves in some cases with persistent
puberulence especially along the veins beneath, 24-5 in. long and wide ; petioles
1^-34 in., reddish, puberulent. Cymes appearing about the time of the leaves. Sepals
J in., oblong, obtuse, whitish, 5-4. Petals white, obovate, rather shorter than the calyx.
Stamens A-6, exserted. Fruit glabrous, subglaucous ; carpels f-1 4 in. long, more or
less diverging or (in A. pectinatum) quite patent ; wings pink, or at length ferruginous,
venose, back arcuate, fnmt sinuous-crenulate ; cells rugose, darker. — A. pectinatum is a
form with setosely serrate leaves.
696 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Acer,
Sect. IV. Leaves 7-5-lobed and -nerved.,
12. A/Caxnpbellil, Hook /. d; Thorns, mss. in Hh. Kew. ; Brand. For,
Fl. 109 ; lecaves 5-7-lobed glabrescent except axils of the 5-7 basal nerves
serrulate both sides green base hollowed or truncate, cymes pyramidal or
elongated subglabrous appearing with the leaves.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft.. Herb. Griffith, J. D. H.
A tree of 50 ft. Leaves of a beautifully green colour, pendulous, pilose beneath
when quite young, 3-5 by 4-7 in. ; lobe? lanceolate or ovate-caudate; petioles red-
dish, l|-3. Cymes 2-6 in. long; flowers short, green. /Sej)als 5, ovate. Pefa/.* white,
shorter than the sepals, obtuse, plicate at base. Stamens 8, reddish, about equalling
the calyx; filaments short. Fruit glabrous, f-1 in. long; carpels divaricate; wings
venose, widened above, back slightly curved ; cells globose darker, nearly smooth.
13. A. plctum, Thunh. Fl. Jap. 162 ; leaves 5-7-lobed submembranous
grabrescent except hairy tufts on the axils of the 5-7 basal nerves both
sides green base cordate or hollowed lobes lanceolate or caudate entire,
cymes corymbose appearing with the leaves. Brand., For. Fl. 112; Miq.
Ann. Mus. Lwjd. Bat. i. 251. A. laetum, (7. A. Mey. Verz. Pfi. Cauc. 206;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 949. A. tnincatum, Bunge Enum. PL China Bar. 10.
A. cultratum, Wall. PL As. Bar. il 4 ; Wall. Cat. 1228. A. colchicum,
Hort. A. sterculiaceum, GriJ". Itin. JSotes 148, not of Wall. A. Mono,
Maxim. Prira. FL Amur. 68.
Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 4-6000 ft., to Bhotan, alt. 9-10,000 ft.—
DiSTRiH. Eastward to China, Japan, and westward to Persia and the Caucasus.
A beautiful tree of small or moderate size. Leaves 2-5^ by 2^-6^ in. ; petioles gla-
brous, 1-4^ in. Cymes 1-6 in. ; flowers ^— ^ in. long, on slender pedicels. /Sepals ob-
long. P«faZs spathulate, equalling the calyx. /Stamens S, included. Fruit ghihrouB;
carpels I4-I4 in. long, divaricating almost in one line; wings sinuous, venose, back
arcuate; cells compressed. — Wood white, light, finc-graiued.
20. DOBZNSA, Hamilt.
A shrub with terete virgate branches. Leaves undivided, serratelv
toothed, opposite, ex.stipulate, petioled. Panicles terminal, pyramidal,
leafy below, flowers small unisexual, glabrous. Calyx cup-sbaped, 4-dentate,
base subturbinate, altogether wanting in the female flower. Petals 4, lan-
ceolate-spathulate, exceeding the calyx, wanting in the female flower.
Stamens 8, alternately shorter, exserted, glabrous, wanting in the female
flower ; anthers short. Disk wanting in the male, annular in the female
flower, glabrous. Ovary sessile, lenticular, 1 -celled, rudimentary in the
jnale flower ; style filiform, spirally involute, stigmatose on the inner side
and at the apex ; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit compressed, shortly ciliated
on the margin, indehiscent, borne on widely bracteate pedicels, the bract
being adnate to the pedicel and exceeding both it and the fmit. Seed
solitary, compressed, exalbuminous, exarillate ; testa membranous ; coty-
ledons flat, accumbent ; radicle short. — Disteib. A monotypic genus.
1. D. vulg'aris, Hamilt. ex D. Don Prodr. 249 ; leaves elliptic-lan-
ceolate acutely acuminate minutely hairy on veins, acumen quite entire base
rounded. Wall Cat. 1229.
Central and Eastern Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft., /. D. H.;
Mishmi hills, Griffith.
Branched, 5-8 ft. high, aromatic or with smell of ivy. Branchlets shortly pubescent.
Dohinm.] XLiv. SAPINDACE^. (W. p. Hiern.) 697
Leaves 3-7 by 1-2 in. ; petioles |-1§ in., pubescent. Panicles ranging [up to 2 ft. in
width. Flowers xV"^? i"- diam, ; bracts linear, Bbortly pubescent, free ; those close to
the fruit obcordate-orbicular, venose, 4-f in- diam., rose-coloured. Fruit | in. diam.
21. DODONSSA, Linn.
Shrubs rarely arborescent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Inflorescence
lateral and terminal Floivers polygamous, inconspicuous. Sepals 5-2,
imbricated or valvate. Petals wanting. Stamens 10-5, usually 8, inserted
on the outer side of the disk ; filaments short ; anthers linear-oblong.
Disk obsolete in the male flower, small in the female. Ovary 3-6-sided and
-celled ; style 3-6-sided, apex 3-6-cleft. Ovules 2 together, collateral or
superposed. Capsuk 2-6-sided, membranous or coriaceous, septicidally
2-6-valved ; valves winged at the back ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds lenticular
or subglobose, compressed, exalbuminous, exarillate, funicle thickened;
embryo spirally involute. — Distrib. A genus of some 40 species or more,
mostly endemic in Australia.
Dodonsea (sp.) in Herb. Hohenack. n. 2355, is Aspidopterys canarensis, Dalz.
1. D. viscosa, Linn. Mant. PI, alt. 228 ; leaves undivided oblanceolate
viscid-shining glabrous subapiculate base cuneate-attenuate subsessile
margin re volute entire or nearly so, cymes short, wings of each carpel
oblong-orbicular extending from the base to the style. Baker in Oliv. Ft.
Trop. Afr. i. 433; Benth. Fl. Austral, i. 475; Brand. For. FL 113 ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient, i. 953. D. angustifolia, Lirin.f. Siippl. PL 218 ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
256. D. dioica. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 256. D. Burmanniana,
DC. Prodr. i.'616j Wight III. i t. 52 ; If. <h A. Prodr. 114; Grah. Cat.
Bomb. PI. 30 ; IJalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36 ; Thwaites Emm. 59. D. pallida,
Mvci. in Herb. Holienack. n. 1068. D. microcarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 617. D.
Wightiana, Blume Eumph. iii. 189. D. pentandra, Griff. Notul. iv. 548.
D. heterophylla, Hortul. ex G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 674. Wall. Cat. 8081.
Ptelea viscosa, Linn. Si^. PI. ed. i. 118 ; Burm. Fl. Ind. 36. D. spathulata,
Sm. 171 Bees Cycl. xii. n. 2. D. arabica, Hochst. & Steiod. in Herb. Arab.
Schimp. n. 766. — Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 23. Rnmph. Herb. Amboin. iv. t. 50.
Throughout Ikdia, from the Indus Eastwards and Southwards to Ceylon and
Malacca. — Distrib. All warm countries.
An evergreen shrub occasionally growing into a small tree. Shoots terete or some-
what angular. Leaves more or less viscid with a shining yellowish resin, very variable
in breadth, 1-5 by ^-14 in. Sepals oblong, itj— | in. long, about equalling the stamens.
Capside compressed, glabrous, |-1 in. broad. — Several synonyms, not strictly Indian,
are omitted.
21.* 1MCEX.IANTKVS, Tournef.
Shrubby glabrous plants with a strong odour. Leaves alternate, stipulate,
unequally pinnate ; leaflets toothed, decurrent. Racemes axillary and ter-
minal. Flowers bracteate, hermaphrodite irregular, sometimes apetalous.
Calyx laterally compressed, 5-partite, base with a saccate gibbosity ; lobes
unequal, imbricated. Petals excentric, declinate, subperigynous, narrow,
long-clawed ; the fifth petal very small or wanting. Stamens 4, didynamous,
declinate, inserted within the disk. Disk unilateral, honeyed. Ovary
oblong, 4-lobed, 4-celled, style filiform, 4-toothed deeply at apex ; ovules 2-4
together. Capsule papery, vesicular, dee|)ly 4-lobed, 4-celled. Seeds
subglobose, exarillate ; albumen fleshy or horny. — Distrib. A small South
African geniis.
698 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiern.) [Mdianthus,
1. Melianthus major, Linn. ; a South African i)lant, occurs in
Kumaon, where it is said to be an introduction, and has been cultivated in
the Nilghiris where it was first noticed by Wight (Kew Distrib. n. 542) ; it
is established at Ootacamund {Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixxi.), and in
Bhotan reaches a limit of 9500 feet {Griff. Journ. 265). It is an undershrub
"with glabrous coarsely serrate leaves emitting a fetid scent when bruised ;
it is synonymous with M. Himalayanus, Wall. Cat. 1190; Miq. in Herb. PI.
Ind. Or. Hohenacker. n. 1059 ; Planch, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Land. xx. 416,
t. 20, f. 1-13 ; Hook f. in Journ. Pot. 1873, 356.— The claw of the petals was
pubescent in the flower of Wallich's specimen, which I examined, and thus
the character fails which Dr. Planchon relied on for the discrimination of
Wallich's species.
22. STAPKVXiEA, Linn.
Branched shrubs or trees, with terete branches. Leai^es opposite, stipulate,
trifoliate or pinnate ; leaflets stipellate, serrulate. Inflorescence lateral ana
terminal, bracteate, pedicels jointed in the middle. ' Flowrrs regular, her-
maphrodite, pendulous. ISepals 5, oblong, imbricated, coloured, deciduous.
Petals 5, as long as the sej)als, obovate, imbricated, white. /Stamens 5, inserted
on the edge of the disk between its lobes ; filaments slender, pubescent below ;
anthers versatile, shortly oblong. Ovar// 3-2-lobed and -celled ; styles 3-2,
slender ; stigmas subcapitate ; ovules 6 or more in each cell, in 2 rows,
anatropous. C'«7^>s«/c membranous, vesicular-inflated, 3-2 lobed and -celled ;
carpels dehiscing at the apex akmg the ventral suture. /Seeds few, sub-
globose, exarillate ; testa hanl: albumen fleshy. — Distrib. About 4 species
occurring in North America, Europe, and Asia.
1. S. Eznodi, Wall, Cat. 4275 ; leaves glabrescent or thinly pubescent
beneath trifoliolate leaflets nearly equal ovate or elliptic acuminate pale
beneath membranous base obtuse or cuneate lateral ones subsessile terminal
one petioled, anthers shortly apiculate. Brand. For. Fl. 114.
Westeun Temperate Himalaya ; from Marri to Kumaon, alt. 6-7000 ft. — Distrib.
AfiFghanistan.
A small tree with spotted bark. Leaves 4-14 in. ; leaflets 2-6 by 1-3 in. ; petioles
l|-64^ in. ; terminal petiole ^-li in.; stipules linear, stipcls setaceous, both caducous.
Ci/mes rather dense, 1^-4 in. ; flowers i in. long, about equalling the pedici-ls. Caj)-
suits 2-3 in. long; base turbinate. — Probahly a form of the N. American S. trifolia,
Linn., differing only from the type by less pubescent foliage aud anther-tips less obtuse.
23. TURPZNXA, Vent.
Glabrous and shining trees or shrubs, with smooth terete branches.
Leaves opposite, stipulate, usually odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite, stipellate,
serrulate, subcoriaceous. Panicles terminal and axillary; fluwers snijill,
regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite, imbricated, PeUds 5, imbri-
cated. Stamens 5, inserted outside the lobed or crenulate raised disk ;
filaments flattened; anthers short. Ovary sessile, 3-lobed and -celled;
styles 3, combined or distinct ; stigmas subcapitate ; ovules 2 together or
more and then in two rows. Fruit subglobose, indehiscent, 3-celled.
Seeds angular ; testa hard, shining ; hile large ; albumen fleshy ; aril 0.
Embryo straight. — Distrib. A genus of a few species widely dispersed.
1. T. pomifera, DC. Prodr. ii. 3 ; leaflets 3-9 elliptic oblong or ovate
acuminate, primary branches of the panicles opposite. Wall. Cat. 4276.
Turpinia,] XLiv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 699
Dalrympelia pomifera, Boxh. ffort. Beng. 17 ; Cor. PI. t. 299 ; Fl. Ind. i.
633. T. nepalensis, Wall. Cat. 4.^11 ; W. (^ A. Frodr. 156 ; Wight Ic. t. 972 ;
JBedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 159 ; Thwaites Enum. 71. T. microcarpa, W. <& A. Frodr.
156. T. martabanica. Wall. Cat. 4278. T. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 4939. Cana-
rium Sajiga, Ham. ex W. (& A. Frodr. l75.^Wall. Cat. 8104.
Eastern Subtropical Himalaya, from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 2-7000 ft. ; the
Khasia Mts.; Assam, Silhet, Cachar, Chittagong, Birma to Penang. Western
Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. Ceylon. — Distrib. Yunan, China, &c.
A leafy tree, sometimes large, occasionally only a shrub; foliage like that of Bischoffia
javanica, Blume. Leaves 5-20 in. long ; stipules interpetiolar, triangular, caducous ;
leaflets 2J-8 hy 1-3 in. ; petiolules of the lateral ones short, of the terminal ones ranging
up to 2 in. ; stipels lanceolate-subulate, caducous. Fruit ^-2 in. diam., purplish, red,
yellow or green. — There are two well marked forms of this species, connected, however,
by intermediate ones; a. leaflets more oblong, branches of the corymbose panicle rather
stout, flowers yellowish ^ in. diam,, petals not ciliate, ovules about 8 together, fruit very
fleshy large ; (3. {T. nepalensis) leaflets more ovate, branches of the depresso-pyramidal
panicle less stout, flowers white ^V in. diam., petals shortly ciliate, ovules 2-3 together,
fruit small nearly dry. The synonymy for the extra-Indian forms is not given.
•*
-01
INDEX OF GENEEA, SPECIES AND STNONTTMS.
The Synonyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Italics,
Page
AhelmoscJius angulosus,
W.&A. . . .341
crinitus, Wall. . . 342
esculentus, W. &A. . 343
Jiculneus, W. & A. . 340
moschatus, Mcench. . 342
racemosus, Wall. . .342
rugosus, W. & A, .342
tetraphylliis, Grab. . 341
Warreemis, Dalz. . 341
Aberia, Hochat. . . 195
Gardner!, Clos. . .195
Abroma, Jacq. . . .375
angulata, Lamk. . 375
augusta, Linn. . . 375
fastuosum, Gaertn, . 375
Wheeleri, Retz. . . 375
Abutilon, Ocertn. . . 325
albidum, Webb. &
Berth 328
asiaticum, G. Don . 326
asiaticum, W.&A. 326
au7itum{Sida)Wa.\\. 328
Avicennse, Qosrtn. . 327
bideutatum, Hochst. 326
crispum, G.Don . 327
fruticosum, Guill. ffc
Perr 328
glaucum, Don . . 327
graveolens, W.&A. 327
Urtum, W. & A. .327
indicum, G. Don . 326
Leschenaultianum,
Don 325
microphyllum,A.l^ich.. 328
muticura, G. Don . 327
neilgberrense, Munro 328
periplocifolium, G.
Don 325
polyandrum, Schlecht 325
populifolium, G.Don 326
ramosum, Guill. «fe
Perr 328
Page
sidoidesy Dalz. &
Giba 328
tomentosum, W. & A. 327
Acanthophyllum, O. A.
Mey 216
macrodon, Edgw. . 216
Acer, Tournef. . . .692
acuminatum, Wall... 695
Buzirapala, Ham. . 693
csesium, Wall. . . 695
Campbellii, H. f. <fc
T 696
caudatum, Wall. . 695
colchicum, Hort. . 696
cultratum, Wall. . 696
Hookeri, Miq. . . 694
isolobum, Kuo-z . . 694
javanicum, Jungh. . 693
Icetum, C. A. Mey. . 696
IcBvigatum, Wall. . 693
laurifolium, D. Don 693
laurinum, Hassk. . 693
Mono, Maxim. . .696
niveum, Bl. . . . 693
oblongum, Wall. . 693
pectinatum, Wall. . 695
pentapomicum, J. L.
Stew 694
pictumj Thunh. . . 696
platanifolia, Griff. . 695
sikkimense, Miq. . 694
Btachyophyllum,
ffiern . . . .694
sterculiaceum, Wall. 695
sterculiaceum. Griff. 696
Thomsoni, Miq. . . 695
truncatum. Bunge . 696
villosum, Wall. . . 695
A chyranthes corym-
bosa, Linn. . . 245
Aconitum, IA7in. . . 27
Atees, Royle ... 29
cordatum, Royle . . 29
Page
dissectum, Don . . 29
ferox, Wall. ... 28
ferox, Wall. ... 29
heterophyllum, Wall. 29
l(xve, Royle , , . 28
Icthale, Griff, ... 28
luridum, IT.f. dc T. 28
Lycoctonum, Linn. . 28
multifidum, Royle . 29
Napellus, Linn. . . 28
oliganthemum,KemeT 29
palmatura, Don . 28
rotandifolium, Kar
&Kir 29
Tianschanicum, Ost.
&Rupr. ... 29
uncinatum, Linn. . 28
'variegatum, H. f.
& T 28
virosum, Don . . 28
Acosmia rupestris, ,
Benth 217
Acronodia punctata,
Bl 408
Acronychia, Forst. . . 498
laurifolia, Bl. . .498
peduncidata, Miq. . 498
Porteri, H. f. . . 498
Acrotrema, Jack. . . 32
Arnottianura, Wight 32
bullatum, Thw. . . 33
costatum, Jack. . 32
costatum, Wall. . . 32
dissectum, Thw. . 34
Gardneri, Thw. . . 33
intermedium, Thv. . 33
lanceolatum, ZToo^. . 33
lyratura, Thw. . . 34
sylvaticum, Thw. . 33
Thwaite3ii,7/./.dfcr. 34
uniflorum, Hook. . 33
Walkeri. Wight . . 33
Wightianum, W. & A. 32
702
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
Wightianum, Wall. 32
Actsea, Linn. . . .29
acuminata, Wall. . 29
cimidfuga, Linn. . 30
frigida, Royle . . 30
spicata, Linn. . . 29
Aciinidia, Lindl. . . 285
callosa, Lindl. . . 286
Kolomitka, Eupr. . 286
strigosa, Hook. . ,286
Adausonia, Linn. . .348
digitata, Linn. . .348
Adenostemma glandu-
losum, Benth. . .242
Adinandra, Jack. . . 281
acuminata, Korth. . 282
creuulata, T. And. . 283
cyrtopoda, Miq. . . 282
dasi/antha, Cbois. . 282
dumosa, Jack. . . 282
glaLra, Miq. . . .282
Griffithii, Dyer . . 282
integerrima, T. And. 282
Jackiana, Korth. . 282
lasiopetala, t'hois. . 283
maculosa, T. And. . 282
stylosa, Miq. . . .282
trichocoryna, Korth. 282
\ilIosa, Chois. . .283
Adonis, Linn. . . .15
festivalis, Linn. . . 15
chrysocyathua, H. f.
6:T 15
Inglisii, Royle . . 16
marginata, Bieneii; . 15
pyrenaicttf H. f.
&T 15
scrobiculata, ^oiaa. . 15
^gle, Corr 516
Marmelos, Corr. . .516
iEsculus, Linn. . . . 675
asamicus, Griff. . .675
Hippocastanum, |
Linn 675 \
indica, Colehr. . . 675 :
punduana, Wall. . 675 |
Aglaia, Lour. . . . 554
i. andamanica, Eiem 555 i
apiocarpa, Iliern .555
chittagovga, Miq. . 560 '
cordata, Ilicryi . . 557
crassiuervia, Kurz . 556
? decandra, Wall. . 562
Dookoo, Griff. . . 558 |
edulis, A. Or. . . 556 [
glabriflora, Hiern . 555 j
grata, Wall. . . . 555
khasiana, Eiem . 554
Page
Page
lepidota, Miq. . .
555
Roxburghii, H. f. .
186
midnaporensis, Carey
555
virgata, Thw. . ,
189
minutifloi-a, Bedd. .
557
Wallichiana,//./. .fcr. 187
odorata, Lour.
554
zeylanica, Ihw. . .
18T
palembanica, Miq. .
557
Alsodeie^ ....
182
pentaphylla, Kurz .
554
Althaea, Linn. . . .
319
perviridis, Iliern .
556
chinensis, Wall. . .
319
polyantha, Bedd. .
557
coromandelina, Cav.
319
"i polystachya, Wall.
559
Ludwigii, Linn. . .
319
Roxburghiana, Miq.
555
oflBcinalis, Linn.
319
sexipetala, Griff
556
rosea, Linn. . . .
319
Sippannas, Miq.
.';57
Taurincnsis, DC. .
319
Spanoghei, Bl. . .
5.';5
Alyssine^ ....
129
spectabilia, Ilort. Calc.
561
Alyssum, Linn. . .
141
tenuicaulis, Hiern .
556
canescens, DC. . .
141
tomentoaa, Teysni. &
maritimum, Linn. .
141
Biunend. . . .
657
minimum, Willd. .
141
Wallichii, Hiern .
655
tenuifolium. DC. ,
141
Agrostemma injUita,
cochlearioidcs . .
146
Don
225
Alytostylti parvifiora.
Ailantus, Desf. . . .
JIs
Griff ....
409
excelsa, Iio.cb. . .
618
Amoora, Jioccb. .
559
glandulosa, I>esf. .
518
1 auricidata, Miq. .
560
nialabarica, 1)0.
518
canaraua, Benth.
A lima ? cristatum, Wall
.651
dH.f . . .
560
AUopkyllus lanatuSj
? Cliampionii, Benth
Roxb
674
diH.f. . . .
662
ornitruphioides, Rox.
674
chittagonga, Hiern .
569
tematus, Lour. . ,
674
cucullata, Roxb. . .
560
Allophylus, Linn. . .
673
decandra, Hiern
562
Cobbe. Bl. . . .
673
lanceolata, Hiern
560
piiinatus, Roxb. ,
674
Lawii, Benth. . .
561
zeylanicus, Linn. .
673
macrophylla, Nimmo
569
Alpbousea, H.f. d- T. .
88
Maingayi, Hiern
562
elliptica, H.f. it- T. .
90
Rohituka, W.d'A.
559
lutea, H.f. .t- T. .
89
rubescens, Hiern
561
madraspatana, Bedd.
89
rubiginosa, Griff. .
561
Maingayi, H.f<L'T.
90
spectabilis, Mtq.
661
sclerocarpa, T/iw.
89
AMPELIDEiE ....
644
ventricosa, H.f. A: T.
89
Amjielopsis himalayana,
zeylanica, H.f ds T,
89
Royle ....
Q5Q
AUinc Meyeri^ Boiss. .
236
nei/ghcTrensis,\\]g,ht
Q5Q
Roylei, Fenzl . .
236
? ternata, DC. . .
660
Alsinejb
213
Amyris acuminata^
AUinella Wallichiana,
Roxb. ....
530
Benth
230
? Agallocha, Roxb. .
529
Alsodeia, Thouars. . .
186
Commiphora, Roxb.
529
bengalensis, Wall. .
186
dentata, Willd. . .
506
Brnwnii, Korth. . .
187
gileadensis, Roxb. .
530
dasycaula, .Miq. .
188
h'eptaphylla, Roxb.
504
echiriocarpa, Korth. .
188
pentaphylla, Roxb, .
504
Griffithii, H. f & T.
187
punctata, Roxb. . .
505
lanceolata, Wall.
188
simplicifolia, Roxb.
613
macrophylla, Don .
187
suffruticosa, Roxb. .
606
Maingayi, //./.^-r.
188
aumatrana, Roxb. .
605
mollis, //. /. d- T. .
188
zeylanica, Retz. .
632
obtusa, Korth. . .
187
Anacolosa, Bl. . . .
680
racemosa, H. f. d- T.
187
densiflora, Bedd.
580
703
Page
Griffithii. Mast. . .580
? heptaudra,i>/ai»g'. 581
ilicoides, Mast, . .580
' Maingayi, Maat. . 580
puberal a, Kii^rz . 581
Anamirta, Colebr. . . 98
Cocculus, W.&A.. 98
flavescens, Miers . 98
paniculata, Colebr. . 98
toxifera, Miers . . 98
Anaxagorea, St. Hil. . 68
javanica, Bl. . . 68
luzonensis, A. Gr. . 68
zeykwioa, H.f.&. T. 68
Ancistrocladus, Wall. . 299
attenuatus, Dyer. , 300
extensus, Wall. . .299
extensus. Wall. ? . 300
Griffithii, Planch. .300
Heyneanus, Wall. . 299
pinangianus, Wall . 300
sagittatus, WM- • 300
Uaglttatus, Wall. . 526
stelUgerus, Wall. . 300
Vahlii, Am. . . .299
Wallichii, Planch. . 300
Ancistrolobus glauces-
cens, Turcz. , .258
Andersonia cucullata,
Roxb 560
Rohitoca^ Griff, . .559
Rohituka, Roxb. . 559
Anemone, Linn. . . 7
albana, Stev. ... 7
biliora, DO. . , . 7
cw?'to, Wall. ... 2
cynosurus, Griff. . 16
demissa, ^. /. t& :r. 9
discolor, Royle . . 8
duhia, Wall. . . 9
elongata, i)o?i . . 10
Falconeri, Thorns. . 8
geraniifolia, Wall, . 9
Gortschakowii, Kar.
&Kir 7
Govaniana, Wall. . 8
Govaniana, Royle . 9
Griffithii, IT. /, S T. 8
hispida, Wall. . . 9
longiscapa, Wall. . 9
micrantha^ Elotzsch 8
mollis, Wail. ... 8
narcissiflora, Linn. . 10
obtusiloba, Z'on . 8
polyanthes, Don . 9
rivularis, Ilain. . . 9
rivularis, Wall. . . 10
rupestris, Wall. . 9
Page
rupicola, Camb. . . 8
scaposa, Edgw. . . 9
tetrasepala, Royle . 10
trullifolia,Zr./. cfcr. 9
villosa, Royle . . 9
vititblia, Ham. . . 8
Wallichiana, Royle 7
Wightiana, Wall. . 9
ANEMONEiB .... 1
Auisadenia, Wall. . .412
Khasyana, Griff. .412
pubescens, Griff. . 413
saxatilis, W^a^^. . .412
Anisoptera, Korth. . . 300
glabra, Kurz . . 301
oblonga, Dyer . .301
odorata, Kurz . .301
Anneslea, Wall. . .280
crassipes, Hook. . .280
fragrans, Wall. . .280
Anneslia spinosa,
Roxb 115
Anomosanthes deficiens,
Bl 671
Anoda, Oav. . . .321
hastata, Linn. . . 321
Anona, Linn. ... 78
reticulata, Linn. . 78
squamosa, Linn. . . 78
Anonach.e .... 45
Anquetilia Laureola,
Dene 499
Antkeeischima excelsa,
Korth 291
Antichorus depressus,
Linn 398
Anti taxis, Miers . .106
fasciculata, Miers . 106
Aporetica ternata, J.R.
& G. Forst. . . 674
Apodytes, E. Mey. . . 5S7
Andaraanica, Kurz . 588
Beddomei, Mast. . 588
Benthamiana, Wight 588
Gardneriana, Miers . 588
Apteron, Kw^ . . .643
lanceolatum, Kurz . 643
Aquilegia, lAnn. . , 23
alpina, Linn. . . 24
fragrans, Benth. . 24
glandulosa, Fisch. . 24
glauca, Lindl. . . 24
jucmida, Fisch. &
Mey 24
Kanawarensis,Ga,mh. 24
Moorcroftiana,WsM. 24
Olympica, Boiss. . 24
pubifiora, WaU. . . 24
Page
pyrenaica, DC. . . 24
viscosa, Gouan . . 24
vulgaris, Linn. . . 24
vulgaris, DC, . . 24
Aquilicia ottilis, Gaertn. 667
sanibucina, Linn. . 667
ARABIDEiG .... 128
Arabis, Linn. . , .135
alhida, Stev. . .136
alpina, Linn. . . .135
a,\x\^\e:dc2kn\\s,,Edgw. 136
Aucheri, Boiss, . . 135
auricnlata, Za/7i^. , 135
glabra, Crantz . .135
glandulosa, Kar <fc
Kir. . ... 136
incanescens, Munro . 140
Ueptocarpa, WalL . 149
Montbrctiana, Boiss. 135
nuda, B. Lang. . .137
perfoliata, Lamk, . 135
pterosperma, Edgw, . 136
scapigera, Boiss. . 137
taraxacifolia, A nders ,136
Thaliana, Linn. . ,148
Thomsoni, H. f, , . 136
tibetica, ff. f. dh T. 136
Araliacea? Kleinii,
W. & A. . . 593
Archytaea, Mart. . .293
Vahlii, Chois. . .294
Arenaria, Linn. . . . 235
Beuthami, Edgio. . 242
ciliolata, Edgw. . . 240
debilis, H. f. . . 242
densissima, Wall. , 239
festucoides, Benth. . 236
flaccida, Roxb. . . 243
foliosa, Royle . . . 236
glanduligera, Edgw. 240
globiflora, Wall. . 238
Griffithii, i?oz5s.. . 237
holosteoides, Edgw. . 241
Umbricata, M, Bieb. 237
juniperina, Fenzl . 236
Kashmerica, Edgw. 236
melandryoides,^'d!^w. 241
Meyeri, Boiss. . . 236
monticola, Edgw. . 238
muscifurmis, Wall. . 237
neelgerrensis, W.(i:A . 239
orbiculata, Royle . 240
oreophila, If.f.. . 238
polytrichoideSj^f/^w. 237
pulvinata, Edgw. . 238
rofu7idifolia,M.Bieh. 240
rubra, Linn, . . . 244
rupicola, Fenzl . . 243
704
INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
serpy Hi folia, Linn, i 239
Stracheyi, Edgw. .240
tenera, Edgw. . .242
trichotoma, Royle
ms8 235
Wallichiana, Se-
ringe .... 239
Argemone, Linn . . .117
mexicana, Linn. . 117
Aristega laevifolia,
Miera . . . .101
Artabotrys, Br. . . 53
burmanicus, J. i?(7. 55
caudatus, Wall. . . 65
crassifolius.^./.dtr. 54
hamatus, Bl. . . 54
Kurzii, H.f.&T.. 54
Maingayi, i^. /. cfc r. 55
malayana, Oriff. . 83
odoratissimus, Br. . 64
pleurocarpua, Maing. 64
speciosus, K%i.rz , 55
suaveolens, Bl. . . 65
zeylanicus, H.f.&T. 54
Arthromi8chua a/rma-
tus, Thw. . . .611
Arytera ? macrocarpa,
Miq. .... 628
Ascyrum, Linn. . . 252
filicaule, Dyer . . 252
Aspidocarya, II. f. & T. 95
uvifera, H.f. Je T. . 95
Aspidopterys, Jms. . 419
canarensis, Dalz. . 420
concava, jii^s. 420, 422
cordata, Juss. . .421
glabriuscula, Jnaa. . 420
glomerata, Wight . 420
hirsuta, Jicss. . .421
lanuginosa, Juss. .421
nutans, /T./. . . .421
nutans, Juss. . . . 421
oxyphylla, Juss. . . 420
rotimdifolia, Juss. . 421
Roxburghiana, Juss. 420
Roxburghiana, Juss. 421
tomentosa, Juss. . .422
Wallichii, ff.f. . .421
Astroqyne coriacea.
Wall 629
Atelauthera, H.f. di T. 133
perpusilla, £f./. cfc r. 133
Atalantia, Corr. . .511
? bilocularis, Wall. .514
? bilocularis, Wall. . 508
biixifolia, Oliv. . . 508
capitellata, Lindl. . 512
carissoides, Wall. , 512
Page
caudata, IT. f. . .513
ceylanica, Oliv. . .512
Jloribunda, Wight . 512
missionis, Oliv. . .513
moDophylla, Corr. . 511
platystigma, Wight . 512
racemosa, \V.<bA. . 512
Roxburghiana, H.f. 513
Roxburgkian<t, Oliv. 513
Atragene zeylanica,
Linn 7
Alrategia, Bedd. . . 74
Tkonsonl, Bedd. . 75
AURANTIEiB .... 484
Averrhoa, Linn. . . 439
Bilimbi, Linn. . . 439
Carambola, Linn. . 439
Azadirachta indica,
Juss 544
Azama acuminata,
Alef. . . . .345
Lampas, Alef. . .345
Balanites; 2>gZ. . . .522
cegyptiaca, Wall. . 522
Roxburghii, Planch. 522
Balanopteris minor,
Qiertn 363
Tothila, Gajrtn. . .363
Balsamina chinensis,
DC 444
coccinea, DC. . . 454
cornxUa, DC. . . 454
fasciculata, DC. . 444
hortcnsis, DC. . . 454
latifolia, DC. . .450
Leschenaultii, DC. .451
mi?ior, DC. . . .446
mysorensis, DC. . .450
oppositifolia, DC. .448
rosmar in i folia, DC. 443
Balsamink^ . . , 427
Balsaraodeudron, Kth. 529
Berryi, Am. . . .529
Oileadense, DC. . . 630
Mukul, ZTooifc. . 529
pubescens, Stocks . 519
Roxburghii, Am. . 529
lio.cbarf/hii, Stocks . 529
? Wightii, Arn. . .529
Balsamodendrum ? zey-
lanicum, Kth. . '532
Bamia angidosa. Wall. 341
cancellata. Wall. . 342
crinifa, Wall. . .342
fusiformis, Wall. . 342
magnijica, Wall. . 342
pungens, Wall. . .341
VAge
rugosa, Wall. . .342
tetraphylla, Wall. , 341
Banister ia bengalensis,
Linn 418
tetraptera, Sonn. . 418
unicapsularisjltsmk. 418
Barbarea, ^r. . . .134
arcuata, Reichb, . 134
elata, ff. f.dkT. . 135
Iberica, DC. . . .134
intermedia, Boreau . 134
prcecox, Fries . .134
vulgaris, Br. . .134
Barclaya, Wall. . .115
longifolia, Wall. . 115
Bateriuni validum,
Miers 106
Beddomea, H.f. . . 666
indica, ff. f. . . . 566
simplicifolia, Bedd. . 566
Bbrbbre.« . .- . . 107
Bbbbkridea . . . 107
Berberis, Linji. . , .108
acanthifolia, Wall. . 109
(Bin ens is, Presl. . .109
ajinis, Don . . .110
angulosa, Wall. . .111
angasdfolia, Roxb. . 110
aristata, DC. . .110
aristata, DC. . .110
asiatica, Ro.xb. . .110
asiatica. Griff. . .111
atroriridis. Wall. . Ill
Bealii, Hort. . .109
brachybotrys, Edgw. 109
ceratophylla, Don . 110
chilria, Ham. . .110
concinna, H.f.. . Ill
coriaria, Royle . .110
cratmgina, DC. . .109
crctica, Linn. . . 109
emarginata, Willd. . 109
Jloribunda, Wall. . 110
heteropoda, Schrenck 109
hypoleuca, Lindl. . 110
insignis, H.f. & T. Ill
Kunaioarensis, Roy. 109
Leschenaullii, Wall. 109
Lycium, Royle . .110
macrosepala, H.f. . Ill
miccia, Ham. . .109
nepalensis, Spr. . . 109
petiolaris. Wall. . .110
sphcerocarpus, Kar
& Kir 109
Tkunbergii, DC. . . 109
tinctoria, Lesch. . 110
turcomaniece, Kar . 109
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
705
Page
ulicina, E. f. & T. . Ill
urn bell ata, Wall. .110
umbdlata, Lindl, . 110
vulgaris. Linn. . .109
Wallichiana, DC. .110
Wallichiana.'DG. .111
Bercoemia^ Neck. . . 637
calophylla, Gr. Don . 636
Edgworthii, Law. . 638
flavescens, Wail. . 637
floribunda, Wall. . 637
? hamosa, Wall. . 641
la:ea, Wall. . . .637
lineata. DC. . . .638
? oppositifolia^Wsill. 641
1 paiTiflora, Wall. . 641
? Poiretiana, DC. , 638
polyphylla, Wall. . 638
Beryera integerrima,
Roxb. . . 501, 502
Kcenigii. Liun. . . 503
nitid'a, Thw. . . . 505
vUlosa, Wall. . . 502
Bergia, Linn. . . .251
sestivosa, W. & A. . 251
ammannioides,72o^6. 251
aquatica, Roxb. . . 252
capensis, Linn. . .252
odorata, Edgto. . .251
penfanclra, Gruill. &
Perr 251
suffruticosa, Fenzl . 251
trimera, Fisch.&Mey. 252
verticillata, Willd. . 252
Berrya, Rnxh. . . .383
Ammonilla, Roxb. . 3S3
mollis, Wall. . . 383
Biebersteinia, Stephan. 427
emodi, Ja lib. fi'Spach 427
odora, Royle . . . 427
Binnendylcia tricho-
stylis. Kurz. . . 379
Biophytura, DC. . . 436
adiantoides, Wight 437
Apodiscias, Turcz. . 437
Candolleanum,
Wight . . . .437
Cumi ngia /?- wm, T urcz . 4 3 7
intermedium, Wight 438
nervifolium, Thw. . 437
nudum, Am. . . 438
polyphyllum, Miinro 439
poterioides, Edgw. . 437
proliferum, Arn. . 438
Reinwardtii, Walp. 437
sensitivum, i)(7. . .436
Page
sesbaninides, Edgw. 437
verticillatum, Wight 439
Bixa, Linn 190
Orellana, Linn. . .190
BixK^ 189
BixiNE^ 189
Bocagea, ,S'^. Hil. . . 92
coriacea, H. f. tfc T. 93
Dalzellii, H. f. & T. 92
eliiptica, H.f. & T. 92
obliqua, R. f.&T.. 93
Thwaitesii, H.f.d: T. 92
Bcennioghausenia,
Reichb. .... 486
albiflora, Reichb. . 486
BOMBACE^ . . . .318
Bombax, Linn. . . .349
Ceiba, Burm. . . 349
gosaypiuin, Linn. . 190
heptapjhylla, Cav. . 349
insigne, Wall. . . 349
malabaricum, DC. . 349
orientale, Spr. . .350
pentandrum, Linn. . 350
BoNNETIE-E .... 280
Bosohia, Korth. . .351
G-riffithii, Mast. . .352
Boswellia, Roxb. . . 627
glabra, Roxb. . . 628
serrata, Roxh. . . 528
thurifera, R>xb. . 528
Boyniia glabrifolia.
Champ 490
rut (Scarpa, Juss. . 490
Brachystemma, Don . 235
calycinum, Don . 235
Brasenia, Schreb. . .113
peltata, Pu,rsh. . .113
Brassica, Linn. . . .155
alba, H. f.ib T. .157
' arvensis, Linn. . . 158
carapestris, Linn. . 156
Ertica, Linn. . . . 158
erucoides, Roxb. . 158
foliosa, Willd. . . 167
GHffitkii. H. f. & T. 157
juucea, H. f. d; T. .157
Nap us, Linn. . .156
nigra, Koch . . .156
quadrivalviSj^./.c&r. 158
Rapa, Linn. . . . 156
Stockdi, H. f. & T. 156
Tournefortii, Gouan 156
trilocularis. H.f.&T. 156
Willdenovii, Boiss. 157
Brassice^ .... 129
Page
Braya, Sternb. ds Hoppe 155
alpina, Sternb. &
Hoppe .... 155
? oxycarpa, H.f.-tT. 155
rosea, Bvunge . . . 155
Thomsoni, II f.&T. 155
tibetica, H.f. & T. . 155
uniflora, H.f. & T. 155
Brewstera crenata,
Roem 416
Brindonia indica,
Thouars ... 261
Brotera ovata, Cav. . 372
bracteosa, Guill. &
Perr 373
Brownlowia, Roxb. . 381
elata, Roxb. . . .381
lanceolata, Benth. . 381
BRo^yNLOwrE^. . . 380
Brucea, Mill. . . .520
dubia, Sfcend. . . 520
mollis, Wall. . .521
sumatrana, Roxb. . 521
Bryomorpha rupifraga,
Ear. & Kir. . . 243
Buborna tomentosa,
Spreng. . . . 375
Buchanania spicata,
Hb. Roxb. . . .559
Buettneria, Linn. . .376
andamarieusis, Kurz 377
aspera, Colebr. . .377
catalpifolia, Wall. . 376
crenulata, Wall. . 376
echinata, Wall. . . 376
elliptiQ8', Mast. . . 377
grandifolia, DC. . 377
herbacea, Roxb. . .376
hypoleii/ea, Turcz. . 378
Jackiana, Wall. . 376
Maingayi, Mast. . 377
nepalensis, Turcz. . 377
pilosa, Roxb. . . .377
polyacantha. Wall. . 376
uncinata, Mast. . . 377
velutina, Wall . . 377
BUETTNERIE^ . . .354
Bursera, Li.m. . . . 530
*serrata, Wall. . . 630
serrata, Wall. . . 508
BURSERAOE.E. . . , 527
Cabombe^ .... 113
Cadaba, Forsh. . . .172
did)ia, DC. ... 173
farinosa, Fonk. . . 173
* Incorrectly attributed to Colebroke at p. 630.
VOL. L
ZZ
706
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
heterotricba. Stocks. 173
indica, Lamk. . . 172
trifoliata, W.<i; A. . 172
triphylla, Wight . 172
CAKILINEiE .... 130
Calathodes, H. f. cfc T. 22
palmata, i/'./. tl- r. 22
Callianthemum, G. A.
Mey. .... 14
cachemirianum. Cam. 14
Endlicheri, Walp. . 21
pimpinelloidcs, H.f.
& T 14
Calophvllum, Linn. . 271
amcsnum, Wall. . .272
angustifolium, Rosh. 276
hnncaivam, Miq. . . 272
Bintcujor, Roxb. .273
bracteatum, Thw. . 274
Bunnanni, Wight . 272
canum, H.f. . . .271
chinense, Walp. . . 270
cordato-oblongum,
r/m 275
cuneifolium, Thw. . 275
ci/mosutn, Miq. . .271
*decipi€n8, Wight . 274
decipievs, Thw. . . 275
elcUuni, Bedd. . . 274
floribundum, H.f. . 272
gracile, Miq. . . .271
Oinjiil/tu, T. Anders. 273
intiphyllmjn, Linn. . 273
loiujifoliitm, Wight 270
iua<Jioparpum, If. f. 273
?margiuatura, Wall. 27t)
messiw folium. Wall. 27^
micrtji)hylluni, T.
Aiulers 272
Moonii, Wight . .271
pisiferam, Planch &
Tr 272
plicipes, Miq. . .272
polyanthuin, Wall. 274
pulcherrimurn, Wall. 271
retusum, fVa/^. . . 272
spectabile, Willd, . 271
gpurium Chois. . .274
Suriga, Buck. . .276
tetrapetalum, Roxb. 271,
273
Thwaitesii, Planch, cfc
2>. . , . . . 275
tomentosum, Wight . '^74
trapezif"liimi, TAw. 275
Walkeri, Wight . . 275
Page
Page
Wallicbianom,
nitidum, A .W. Benn.
533
Planch, ds Tr. . .
273
parvifolium, A. W.
Wightianum, Wail. .
274
Benn
636
Caltba, Linn. . . .
21
pilosum, A. W.Benn.
533
o/ba, Jacq. . . .
21
purpuraacens, A. W.
Goraniana, Wall. .
21
Bmn
532
Himaltnns, Don
21
rubiginosum, A. W.
palustris, Zr/wn. . .
21
Benn
536
paniculatxr, Wall. .
21
rufum,^. ir. Benn.
533
scaposa, /i. / <L' T. .
21
Bajiga, Ham. . . .
6^9
Calysaccion longifo-
secundum, A, W.
Hum, Wight . .
270
Benn
532
giamense, Miq. . .
271
strictum, Roxb. ..
534
Camelina Caisir, Wall.
145
zeylaiiicum, Bl. . .
532
Camklimea . . . .
129
Cansjera, Juss. . .
582
Camellia, iytnn. . .
292
malabariea, Lamk. .
682
"i acuminata, Wall. .
290
martahanica. Wall. .
582
axillaris, Griff. . .
282
parvifolia, Kurz
583
caudata. Wall. . .
293
Rhealii, (imelin.
582
caudata, Griff. . .
293
scandcns, Eoxb. .
582
drupifera, Lour. .
293
dzy phi folia, Griff. .
582
japonina, Wall. . .
292
CAPPARKiK . . . .
168
A'emo, Don . . .
293
CaPPARIDE;E . . .
167
Kissi, Wall. . . .
293
Capparis, Linn. . .
173
Intescens, D>/er . .
293
acuminata, Willd. .
178
Masfersia, Griff.
293
acuminata, Roxb. .
174
oleifolia. Wall. . .
293
accuiiiinata, Willd.
fScottiuna, Wall. .
292
(Wall. Tat.) . .
178
IScottiaua, Chois. .
2b2
jEgyptiuca, Linn. .
173
simplicifolia, Griff.
293
apetAla, Rolh. . .
171
symplocifolia. Griff.
293
aphylla, Roth. . ,
174
theifera, Grifi. . .
292
assamica, //. /. c£r T.
177
Camunium hcnga-
bispei-ma, Wight
176
tense, Hb. Ham. .
656
hisjierma, Roxb.
176
chinense, Rc.xb. . .
554
brerisinua, DC. . .
174
simnse, Rum ph. . .
554
^ callosa, Rl. . . .
179
Canauga, Ramph. . .
56
cajrulea, Heyne . .
175
? niuDoeperma, H. f.
conspicua, Witll.
179
^T. . . . .
67
C(jrymbi)8a, Roxb. .
176
odorata, U. f. d; T. .
56
divaricata, Lamk. .
174
virgata, H.f. <i' T. .
57
dirarirata, Wall. .
175
Canariura, Linn.
531
diversifolia, W.<i:A.
175
balsa mi forum, M( >on
532
erythroda,sys. Miq.
178
bengalense, Ro.xb.
534
Finlaywjiiiana, Wt'U.
179
bninneiim, Bedd. .
531
Finlaytiovina, Wall.
179
coccineo- bracteatum,
flavicans, W(dl. . .
179
Kwrz. . ,. . .
536
floribunda, Wight .
177
commune, Linn. . ,
531
fonnosa, Dalz. . .
174
eupbyllum, Kurz .
535
formosa, Wall. . .
178
grandiflorum, A. W.
galea ta, Fres. . .
173
Benn. . . .- .
533
glauca, Wall.
180
birtellum, A. W.
grandiflora, Wall. .
174
Benn
534
grandifi, Linn
176
Kadondon, A. W. B.
535
herbacea, Willd. . .
173
loivigatum, Miq.
538
heferoclita, Boxb. .
171
laxum, A. W. Benn.
535
Heyneana, Wall. .
174
Inadvertently quoted under C. Walkeri, p. 275.
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS
707
Page
horrida, Linn. f. . 178
incanescens, DC. . .177
leucophyllcifDC. .173
linifolia, Roxb. . .171
lougispina, i^./.tfcr.' 176
maliibarica, Wall. . 177
maximus, Roth. . .176
niicracantha, DC, . 179
molliuscula, Wall. . 180
Moonii, Wight . .175
multiflora, H.f.&T. 178
Murrayana, Grab. . 173
nepalensis, Wall. . 173
obova'a, Royle . .173
obovata, Ham. . . 176
olacifolia, H.f.&T. 178
oligandra, Griff. . l7.7
orbiculata, Wall. . 176
oxyphylla, Wall. . 179
parvitiora, H.f.dbT. 176
pedunculosa, Wall. . 176
pumila, Champ. . .177
punctata, Wall. . .177
pyrifolia, W. & A. . 174
quadriflora, DC. . 178
racemifera, DC. . 176
reticulata, Klein . 175
rHusella, Thw. . .177
Rheedii Rottb. . .174
rotundifolia, Rottb. 174
Roxburghii, DC. . 175
rupestris, Sibth. , .173
Babiaefolia, 5"./.<irr. 179
salaccensis, Bl. . .175
sepiaria, Linn. . .177
sepiaria, Wall. . .176
Sodada, Br. . . .175
spinosa, Linn. . .173
stylosa, DC. . . . 174
tenera Dalz. . . .179
tenuiflora, DC. . .178
tetrasperma, Thw. . 179
trifoliata, Roxb. . 172
trinervia, //. /. cfc r. 175
uncinata, Wall. . .179
variabilis, Wall. . .180
versicolor, Grif. . .175
Vuninea, H. / dk T. . 179
Wallichiana,\\.&A. 174
zeylaniea, Roxb. . .178
zeylanica, W. & A. . 178
zeylaniea, Z/twn. . . 174
Capsella, Moanch. . . 159
Bursa- pastoris,
Mcench. . . .159
elliptica, C. A. Mey. 159
procumbens, Boiss. . 159
Thomsoni, B.f.. .159
Page
Carapa, Aubl. ^ . .566.
indica, Juss. . . .667
njoluccensis, Lanik. . 567
obovata, Bl. . . .567
Cardainine, Linn. . .137
africana, Linn. . .137
anteniquana, DC. . 137
borbonica, Pers. . . 137
circjEoides, //. /. tfc r. 137
debilis, Don . . . 1:j8
elegantula.^./.^'T; 139
foliosa, Wall. . . 139
' Griffithii, H.f.&T. 139
hirsuta, Linn. . .138
hirsuta, H. f. & T. . 138
impatiens, Linn. . 138
macrophylla, WWd. 139
macrophylla, Ledeb. 139
nilagirica, Schlecht, l.."'
pectinata, DC. . .138
polyphyUa, Don . .139
pratensis, Linn. . . 138
subumbellata, HooTc.
mss 138
sylvatica. Link. . .138
trifoliolata, H.f.&T. 138
violacea, Wall. . .137
Wightiana, Wall. . 137
Cardiopteris, Wall. . 597
javanica, Bl. . .597
lobata, Br. . . . 597
molaccana, Bl, . . 597
Rumphii, Baill. . . 597
subhamata, Wall. . 598
Cardiosperuium, Linn. 669
canescens, IFaZZ. . 670
HalicacabuiQ, Linn. . 670
microcarpurfi,
H. B. K. . . . 670
? ovatum, Wall. . .670
jmbescens, Grriff. . . 670
Schmidelia, Dalz. &
Gibs 670
villosa, Dalz. & Gibs. 670
Cardiostfgia Kotschyi,
Presl. . ... 373
Carpophora Hoffmeis-
teri, Klofczsch . . 220
Carria speciosa, Gardn. 292
Caryophylleje . . 212
Cassine discolor, Wall. 614
txcelaa, Wall. . . 603
Catha Benthamii,
Gardn. & Champ. 618
emarginata, Don . 621
fruticosa, Thw. . .619
Ileyneana, Walp. . 620
monosperma^ Benth. 618
Pace
montana, G. Don . 621
ovata, Walp. . . .619
Eothiana, Walp. . 620
rufa, Don . . . 620
Wallichii, Don . . 621
zeylanica, G. Don . 641
Cathcartia, H.f. . .119
villo.sa, H.f. . .119
Cavalliihm urens, Schott
& Endl. . , .355
Ceanothus a^atieus,
Lamk 642
capsularis, Forst. . 642
circumscissa, Gaertn. 641
paniculatus, Roth. . 617
Wightiana, Wall. . 639
zeylanica, Heyne . 641
C-?.di-ela. /,t/i7'. . . .568
'..^">'-J's, P. a: eP. 5f'9
febri/uyu, i.l. . . r.bi
he.xandra, Wall. . 568
? longif.lia, Wall. . 568
? multijaga, Kurz . 569
? odorata, Hort. Kew. 568
serrata, Royle . .568
Toona, Roxh. . .568
? velutina, DC. . . 568
? villosa, Roxb. . .568
Cedrele^ .... 541
Ceiba penfandra,
Gaertn 350
CELASTRE.3E .... 606
Celatitrinea ? . . .614
Celastrine^ . . . 606
Celastrus, Linn. . .617
acuminatus. Wall. . 570
alnifolia, Don . .617
attenuata. Wall. .619
bivalvis, Jack. . .614
buxifolia, Roxb. . .621
crenatus, Koth. . .621
crenulata. Wall. . 618
dependeiis. Wall. . 617
emarginata, W. & A. 621
Finlaysoniana, Wall. 618
glaucus, Vahl . . 623
Beyneana, Roth. . 620
Hindsii, Benth. . .618
Jackianus. Steud. . 618
lucida, Wall. . . 618
Mctziana, Turcz. . 617
micrantba, Roxb. . '618
monosperma, Roxb. . 618
montana, W. & A. . 621
multifiora, Roxb. .617
neglecta. Wall. . .619
nictans, Roxb. . .0x7
obtusifolia, Roxb. . 618
zz2
708
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONyMS.
Page
ojyposita. Wall. . .617
ovata. Wall. . . .619
oxyphylla, Wall. .619
pallida. Wall. . . 621
paniculata, Willd. . 617
pauciflora, Wall, . 618
raeemosa, Wall. . .618
7'jgida, Wall. . .621
robusttis, Roxb. . . 622
Jtofhiana, Roem. &
Schultz . . 617, 620
Jtoyleana, Wall. . . 620
rufa, Wall . . .620
'( genegalensi8,lja,mk. 621
sen'ulata, Roth. . .620
gpinosm, Royle . . 620
stylosa, Wail. . .618
trieyna, Lamk. . .618
venulosa, Wall. . 618
vert icillata, Rox b. 1 99, 6 1 8
Wallichiana, W. &
A. . . . 620, 621
? ? H7;7Ma7?a, Wall. 617
zeylanica. Roth. . .641
Celosia corymiosa,
WilW 245
Cerastium, Liim. . . 227
aquadcum, Linn. . 229
cordifolhim, Roxb. . 244
dahuricum, Fisch. . 227
glomeratum, Thuill. 228
grandijlorum, Don . 228
indicum, W. <t A. . 227
membranaceum, Jac. 228
napalenae, Wall. . 228
Thomsoni, //./. . . 228
trigynuQi, Villars . 227
tHriale, Link. . . 228
vulgatum, Zmn. . 228
CerafocephaliLs falca-
tus, Pers. ... 16
orthoceras, DC. . . 16
Ohailletia, DC. . . . 570
Brunoniana, Wall , 570
deflexifolia, Turcz. . 571
edulis, Kurz . .594
gelonioides, //./. . 570
Griffith ii, ^./. . .571
Helferiana, Kun , 570
Laurocerasus,
Planch. . . .572
longipetala, Turcz. . 571
sumatraiia, Miq, . 570
Chailletiace^ . . 569
Chalcas intermedia,
Roem 502
l^oniculata, Roem. . 502
paniculata, Linn. . 503
Page
sumatrana, Roem. , 503
ChanKebuxus arUlata,
Hassk 200
paniculata, Hassk. . 200
Chartacalyx, Maing. . 382
accrescens, Mast. . 382
Chaulmoogra odorata,
Roxb 195
Cheiranthus, Linn. . 132
albiflorus, T. And. . 133
Cheirii, Linn. , .132
Farsetia,^2\\. . .140
himalaicus,H.f.<i-T. 132
himalayensis, Camb. 132
pan7oides, Kiwz . 132
Stewartii, f. And. . 132
Cherleria grandijlora,
Don 239
juniperina, Don . 239
Chickrassia, /tw». . . 567
Nimmojiii, Grah. . 568
tabnlaris, Juss. . .668
trilocularis, Roem. . 668
veiutina, Roem. . .668
Chilmoria dodecandra,
Ham 196
Chilocalyx eUipticuSt
Turcz 613
Chiovofria vionogyna,
Walp 500
? ri(jida. Jack. . . 500
Chisocheton, Bl. . . 550
? costatus, Hiern . 552
dysoxyfdlius, Kurz . 551
erythrocarpns, Hiern 550
fragrans, Hiern . .551
glomeratus, Hiern . 551
grandiriorus, Kui'Z . 552
holocalyx, Hiern . 551
paniculatus, Hiern . 652
penduliflonis.
Planch . . .550
spicatus, Hiern . .550
Ch loroxylon, Z>a . . 569
Dupada, Buch. . . 528
Swietenia, DC. . . 569
Chorispora, DC. . .166
eler/avs, Camb. . .167
sibirica, DC . .167
sabulosa, Camb. . .167
tenella, DC. . . .166
Christolea, Camb. . .154
crassifolia, Camb. . 154
Chrysncyathus, Falc. . 15
Cimicifuga, Linn. . . 29
foetida, Linn. . . 30
frigida, Royle . . 30
I Cipadessa, HI. . , . 646
Page
baccifera, Miq. . .545
fruticosa, Bl. . . . 645
? aubscanden^, Miq. 645
Cissampelos, Z//n7i. . 103
barbata, Wall. . .104
caapeba. Linn. . . 104
con7;oZr«/acm. Willd. 104
delicatula, Miers . 104
discolor, DC. . . .103
discolor, Buch. . .104
di.-<color, Wall. . .104
diversa, Miers . .104
elata, Miers . . .104
eriantha, Miers . .104
glabra, Roxb. . .103
grallutoria, Miers . 104
hei'nandi folia,
Willd. . . 103, 104
he.randra, Roxb. . 103
hirsuta, Buch.. . .104
mauritinna. Wall. . 102
obtecta, Wall. . .104
ojficinarum, Pluk. . 105
oleracca. Wall. . . 96
orbiculata, Buch. . 104
ovata, Poir. . . .105
Pareira, Linn. . .103
Plukenetii, DC. . .105
aaglttata, Hani. . . 96
subpeltata, Thw. . 104
Wightianus, Wall. . 105
CiSSAMl'ELIDE* . . 95
C'issus acida, Wall. . 654
acida, Roxb. . . . 654
acuminata, Thw. . 648
acutifolia, Poir. . 663
adnata, Roxb. . . 649
angulafa, Lamk. . 649
angustifo/ia, Roxb. 654
aquosa. Wall. . .648
assiviilis, Kurz . . 660
auriculata, Roxb. . 654
auriculata, DC. , . 658
cantonien»is,¥lk .kA. 663
capriolata, Royle . 659
camosa, Roxb. . . 654
cincrea, Lamk. . . 654
cordata, Koxb. 646, 648
cordata. Wall. . . 649
crenata, Vahl . . 654
cymom, Wall. . . 660
discolor, Bl. . . . 647
dirersifolia, Walp. . 663
edulis, Dalz. . . . 645
elongata, Roxb. . . 658
femtnea, Roxb. 655, 660
glauca, Thw. . . 647
glauca, Ruxb. , . 6i3
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
709
Page
gll/ptocarpa, Thw. . 645
hast at a, Miq. . .645
hcptaphylla, Retz. . 662
heterophylla. Herb.
Madr. . '. . .653
himalayana, Walp. . 656
involucrata, Spr. . 664
japoaica, Willd, . 660
KLeinii, Wall. . . 649
lanceUaria, DO. .660
latifoiia, Vahl . . 649
lonchiphylla, Thw. . 646
muricata, Dalz. &
Gibs 660
napaulensis, DC. . 659
obtusifoUa, Lamk. . 654
pedata, Lamk. . .662
pentagona, lioxb. . 646
pentaphylla, Hb.
Madr. ... 649
purpureus, Roxh. . 648
quadrangulariSfhinn. 645
repanda, Vahl . .648
repens, Lamk. . - . 647
repens, Thw. . . . 648
riparia, Wall. . .649
rotundiatia, Heyne . 647
semitordata, Wall. . 656
setosa, Roxb. . . , 654
serratifoUa, Hb.
Rottl 662
seiTulata, Roxb. . 659
spicifcra, Griff. . . 650
termifolia, Heyne . 660
trlfoUata, Hb. Ham. 654
trilobata, Lamk. . 653
truucata, Wall. . .660
velutiniis, Lind. . . 6i7
vitiginea, Linn. . .649
vitiginea, Roxb. 648, 651
Walllchiana, Turcz. 663
Citrus, Linn. . . . 514
acida, Roxb. . . .615
Aurantium, lAnn. . 515
hiixifolia, Poir . .515
decumana, Linn. . 516
Hystrix, i>a. . . 515
inermis, Roxb. . ,514
japonica, Thunb. . 514
latipes, H. f. & T. .515
Limetta, Risso . .515
Liinetta, DC. . .515
LimoneUas, Wall. . 515
Limonum, Wall. . 515
Laniia, Risso . . 515
medica, Linn. . .514
rnedica, Willd. . .515
Ihipeda, Wn{. . ► 515
Page
scandens, Griff. . .510
vulgaris, Risso . .515
Clausena, Burm. . .503
excavata, Burm. . 504
hepUphylla, W.<i:A. 504
indica, Oliv. . . . 505
macropliylla, Ifh. f. 504
nana, W. & A. . . 506
pentaphylla, DO. . 503
pubescens, W. & A. 506
siraplicifolia, Dalz. 498
suffruticosa, W.<kA. 506
Wallichii, Oliv. . . 505
Wampi, Blanco . . 505
Willdenovii, W.d:A. 506
CLEMvTIDEiE ... 1
Clematis, Linn. . . 2
acuminata, DC. . . 5
. acutangula, H.f. &T. 3
albida, Klotzsch . . 5
amplexicaulis, Edgw. 6
anemoiiidora, Don . 2
apiculata, H.f.<kT. 4
barbellata, Edgvj. . 3
Buchananiana, DC. 6
Buchananiana,^»i\. 6
Cadmia, Ham. . . 2
cana, Wall. ... 4
comosa, DC. . . . 6
connata, DC. . . 6
glauca, Willd. . . 5
globosa, Royle . . 5
Gouriaua, Hook.. . 4
gracilis, Edgw. . . 6
grata, Wall. ... 3
graveolens, Lindl. . 4
graveolens, Hook. . 5
grewii^flora, DC. . 6
grossa, T'l'^a^^.. . . 6
hedysarifolia, DC. . 4
Ispahanica, Boiss. . 5
Javana, DC. ... 4
loasaefolia, DC. . . 6
loasifolia, Z>ori . . 6
longicaudata, Ledeb. 5
montana, Ham,. . . 2
montana, Don . . 2
Munroana, Wight . 3
Napaulensis, DC. . 2
nepaidensis, Royle . 3
nutans, Royle . . 5
oriental is, Z/wm. . . 5
parvifolia, H. f.&T. 4
parvi folia, Edgw. . 5
puberula, H. f. <i:T. 4
Punduana, Wall. . 2
scabiosfefolia, i>(7. . 6
auiilacif'olia, Wall. . 3
Page
smilacina, BI. . . 3
eubpdtata. Wall. . 3
sulcata. Wall. . . 2
tenuifolia, Royle . 5
tortuosa. Wall. . . 6
triloba, Heyne. . . 3
velutina, Edgw. . . 6
venosa, Royle . . 6
villosa, DC. . . . 6
vitifolia, Wall. . . 6
Wightiana, PFa?Z. . 5
Cleorae, Linn. . . .168
angustifolia, A. Rich. 169
aspera, Kcenig. . 169
brachycarpa, Fa^Z . 169
Burmanni, W. d: A. 170
Chelidonii, Zi?m. . 170
ciliata, Sch. & Th. . 170
cordata, DC . . .168
diffusa, Roxb. . .169
diversifolia, Hochst. 169
felina, Linn. . . .170
fruticosa, Linn. . .172
gracilis, Edgw. . .168
heptaphylla, Linn. . 168
icosandra, Linn. . 170
moQophylla, Zz/iti. . 168
monophylla, Law. . 169
Noreana, Boiss. . .168
papillosa, Steud. . 168
pentapjhylla, Linn. . 171
quinqueriervia, i>C. .168
Ruta, Camb. . .169
siraplicifolia, H. f.
<i' T. .... 169
Stocksiana, Boiss. . 169
tenella, Linn. . .169
Vahliana, Fres. .169
viscosa, XiwTi. . .170
Cleome^ .... 168
Clerodendron sericeum,
Wall 419
Cleyera, DC. . . . 283
eniarginatay Gardn. 281
grandiflora, H.f.ikT. 284
grandifioraj Wall.
281, 282, 284
grandiflora, Chois. . 284
gymnanthera, W. &
A 281
japonica, Thunb. . 280
lasiopetala, Wight . 283
Lushia, Ij. Don . .284
ochnacea, DC. . . 283
ochnoides, G. Don . 284
pentapetala, Spr. . 287
WaUichiana, Sieb.
&;iiucc. . . .' . 284
710
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
Clypea Burmanni, W.
& A 104
COOCDLE/E .... 95
Cocculus, DC. . . .101
acumintrtus, DC. . 99
aristolochi(V, DC. . 101
Blumeanus, Wall. . 99
Burmanni, DC. . . lO-t
calofjlnjllus, Wall.. . 578
convolv laceus, DC. 97
cordifolius, DC. . 97
crlspus, DC. ... 96
caspidatus, Wall. . 100
Fibraurea, DC. . . 98
Finlaysonianus,\Ya.lll0'3
glabra, W. & A.. .102
hastatas, DC. . .101
incanux, ColeSr. . 102
lucimosus, DC. . . 98
lavis, W:.ll. . . . 102
laurifoliiis, DC. . .101
Le*ba, DC. . . . 102
lucidus, Teysm. &
Benn 106
macrocarpus, W.<tA. 101
mahtbdricus, DC. . 96
?new6m7»aceM«, Wall. 1 04
mollis, Wall. . .-102
oblorKjua, Wall. . .100
orbiculattis, DC. . .104
peltatus, DC. . . 104
2)efiolar{s, Wall. . . 97
planijtorus, Wall. . 106
plrniilorus, Wall. . 106
poll/carpus. Wall. . 99
2)opalifolius, DC. . 98
radiatus, DC. . . 99
recisus, Miera . . 102
Ro. ibu fghianus.
Wall 103
sepinm, Colebr. . .101
suOerosuis, DC. . . 98
tomentosus, Colebr. . 96
trifindriis, Colebr. . 100
velufium. Wall. . . 100
verrucosus. Wall. 96, 97
villosus, DC. . . . 101
vUlosus, Wall. . .104
Cochlearia, Linn. . .145
alijssoidcs, DC. . . 145
flava, IJam. . . .145
hi malaica, //■./. <fc T. 145
scapiflora, N.f. diT. 145
Cochlisiiermum.A'un/A. 189
Gossypium, DC. . . 1 90
Coelostegia, Bentk. . . 352
Griffithii, BentJi. . 353
Colbertia obovata, Bi. 37
Page
angusta, Wall. . . 38
Coromandelianay
DC. . . . . . 38
Jloribunda, Wall. . 38
Colubrioa, JUch. . . 642
aaiatica, Brongn. . 642
javanica, Miq. . . 642
pubescens, Kurz . 642
travancorica,, Bedd. 64 3
Columbia, Ptrs. . . 393
floribuuda, Wall. . 393
mergnensis, Planch. 394
Commersonia, Foi'jfk. . 378
echinata, Bl. . .378
htrbacca; G. Don . 376
javensis, G. Don . 378
platypbylla,J?w/r<;w« 378
Con^/has zei^lonensis,
Hb. Madr. . . . 681
Connaropsis, Blanch. . 439
dcversifolia, Kurz . 440
Griffithii, Planch. . 440
monophylla, Planch. 440
Connarm IJackiantiSf
Wall 678
Conringia, Reichb. . . 152
planisiliqua, Fisch.
d: Mey 162
Thaliana, Reichb. .148
Cookia dulcis, Bedd. . 506
graveolens, W. & A. 605
? macro;>A////a,Lindl. 504
punctata, Si»un. . 505
punctata, Uafisk. . 602
Coptis, Salisb. ... 22
Teeta, Wall. ... 23
Corchorus, Linn. . . 396
acutangulus, Lamk. 398
ceafiia/'«, Hb. !Madr. 398
(Tstuajis i Ham. . . 398
Autichorus, Iloiusch. 398
Burmanni, DC. . . 398
capsularis, Linn. . 397
decemanguUiris,Rox. 397
fasciculahs, Lamk. . 398
/M«rj*.s Roxb. . . 398
huvulis, Munro . . 398
linearis, Wall. . . 398
Mama, Ham. . . 397
olitorius, Linn. . . 397
olitorius, Wall. . . 397
pumilus, Uam. . . 399
subscandcns. Wall. . 398
tridens, Linn. . , 398
trilocularis, Linn. . 397
t)il()cuiaris, Burm. . 398
urticsefolius, W. «& A. 397
Corydalis, DC. . . .121
Page
adiantifolia, E.j.&T. 127
astragalina, H. f. &T. 126
cacheuiiriaua, Royle 123
chaerophylla, DC. . 126
cornuta, Rof/le . .126
crassifolia, Royle . 127
crassissima, Camb. . 127
crithmifolia, Royle . 123
debilis, Edgw. . .126
diphylla, Wall. . .122
elegans, Wall. . .124
ejnfhipnifolia, Walp. 123
Falcdueri, H.f. <i- T. 124
fill for mis, Royle . ^125
flabellata, Edyu). . 127
flaccida, H f.^T. . 122
geraniifolia, H. f. &
T 126
Qortschakovii, Schr, 125
Govaniana, ira/Z. . 124
Griffithii, Boiss. . . 123
Jlamiltoniana. Don 123
Hoffmcisteri, Klotz. 127
Impatiens, Fisch. . 125
juucea, Wall. . . 123
lati flora. //. /. & T. 126
leptot^rpa, if. f. d:
T. 122
longipes, DC. . .125
lonf/ipes, Don. . .122
nieifolia, Wall. . .126
Moorcroftiana, Wall. 125
opliiocarpa, //. /. tfc
y 122
paucHora, Edgw. . 122
phyxocarpa, Camb. . 127
polvgalina, H. f. <fc
T. 123
ramosa, Wall. . .1^6
rutaefolia, Sibth. . .122
sibirica, Pers. . . 125
stricta, Stepkan . .126
tibttica, H.f. &T. . VIL
verticillaris, DC. . 123
Corynandra pulchella,
Schrad. . . .170
Coscinium, Colebr. . . 98
Blumeanuii), Miers . 99
fenestratura, Colebr. 99
WaUichiamun, Miers 99
Wiyhtiixnum, Miers 99
Cracube, Toum. . .165
cordifolia, Stev. . .165
J{otschyana,]ioiss. . 166
I Crataeva, Linn. . . .172
I apetala, Spr. . .171
! Murmclos, Linn. . .517
j Nurvala, Ham. . .172
NDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
711
Page
odora. Ham. . . .172
religiosa, Forst. . .172
relk/iosa, Rfiux. .■ . 172
religiosa, Ainslie . 517
Roxburqhii, Br. . . 172
uniloctdUris, Ham. . 172
Vallanga, Koeaig . 516
CRATOXrLEJE . . . 252
Cratoxylon, Bl. . . . 257
arborescens, Bl. , . 258
*hiiloru.m, Turcz. . 257
formosum, B. tfc Hk. 258
la/iceolatmn, Miq. . 257
Maingayi, Dyer . . 258
neriifolium, Kurz . 257
polyanthum, Korth. 257
prunifolium, Dijer . 258
Ctenolophon, Uliv. . .577
grandifolius, Oliv. , 577
pai'vifolius, Oliv. . 577
Crucipeb^ .... 128
Cucubalus, Linn. . . 221
bacciferus, Linn. . 222
Behen, Linn. , .218
Cullenia, Wight . . 350
excelsa, Wight . . 350
Cupania, Plum. . .676
acuta, Jliern . . .677
adeuophylla, Planch. 677
canescens, Pers. 671, 679
fascidula, Kurz . . 677
glabrata, Kurz . . 676
Helferi, Jliern . . 679
Jackiana, Hiern . . 678
Lessertiana, Camb. . 678
Mischocarpus, Steud. 678
^ palliduea, Hiern . 676
"" peutapetala, fF. cC'il. 678
pentaphylla, Wight 678
pleuropteris. W. , 677
Eoxb arghii^ Wigh t . 678
sumatrana, Miq. . .678
Cussa mhi um glabrum.
Ham. . . . . 681
pubescens, Ham. . . 681
spinusum, Ham. . . 681
Cyamus musticusy
Salisk . . . . 116
Nelumbo, Sra. . .116
Cyathocalyx, Champ. . 53
? AIaingayi,/r./. S T. 53.
roartabanicus, If.f.
6c T. .... 53
zeylanieus, Champ. 53
Cyathostemraa, Griff. . 57
Page
viridiflorum^ Griff. . 57
Cyclea, Am. . . .104.
Arnottii, Miers . .104
barbata, Miers . .104
Burmanni, 2l/^grs . 104
debiliHora, Miers . 104
laxijlora, Miers . 104
peltata, H.f. & T. . 104
populifolia,a.lkT. 105
versicolor, Miers . . 104
Cyminosma Anhenda^
Q-certn. . . .498
pedunculata, DC. . 498
Dactylicapnos thalic-
trifolia. Wall. . 121
Dalrympelia pomifera,
Roxb 699
Decaisnea, E.f.& T. . lo7
insignis, H.f. <fc T. . 107
Decaschistia, W. Si A. 332
crotonifolia, W.&A. 332
trilobata, TFigrAf . 332
Delima, Linn. . . . 31
hebecarpa, DC. . . 31
intermedia, Bl. . . 31
sarmentosa, Linn. . 31
Dklime.e 30
Delphinium, Linn. . . 24
Ajacis, Linn. . .27
altissimum. Wall. . 26
Brunonianum, Royle 27
cseruleum, /acg. . . 25
CashmiriaQum,^oyZe 26
dasycaulon, Fres. . 25
denudatum, Wall. . 25
elatum, Linn. . . 26
glaciale, H.f. ST.. 27
Hoffiiieisteri,Klotz8ch. 26
incanum, Royle . . 25
incisum, Wall. . * . 26
Jacque niontianum,
Camb. . . 26, 27
moschatum, Munro . 27
pauciHorum, Don . 27
paucijlorum, Royle . 26
penicillatum,E..tk,T.^ 24
pyramidale, Royle . 26
rawMwc ulifolium ,
Wall 26
rectivenium, Royle . 26
sanicuhefolium.^om. 25
scabrijiorum, Don . 27
unciuatum, H.f. dc T. 24
vestitum, Wall. . . 26
Page
vestitum, Boiss. . . 24
viscosum, H. f. ds T. 27
Dentaria dasyloba^
Turcz 139
Desmocarpus missions,
Wall 172
DlANTHE^ .... 212
Dianthus, Linn. . .213
anatolicus, Boiss. . 214
angulatus, Royle . 215
bar hat us, Linn. . .215
cache miricus, Edgw. 214
Caryophyllus, Linn. 214
caucasicus, Sims . 215
chinensis, Linn. . .213
crinitus, >S'»i. . . .215
deltoides, Linn. . .214
Falconeri, Edgw. .214
fimbriatus, Biebr. . 215
glaucus, Ham. . .213
incertus, Jacq. . "215
Jacquemontii, Edgw. 214
Seguieri, Fi/Z. . .215
Dicellostyles, Benth. . 333
axillaris, Benth. . . 333
jujubifolia, 5e»^^. . 333
Dicentra, Borhh. .' . 120
Roylei, H.f d-T. . 121
scan dens, Walp. . .121
thalictrifolia, H. f
dsT. 121
torulosa, H. f. d: T. 121
Dicranostigma lactu-
coides, H. f. & T. 119
Dictamnus, Linn. . . 487
albus, Linn. . . . 487
Frixinella, Pers. . 487
himalayanus. Royle 487
Dictyocarpus trunca-
tu8, Wight ... 322
Didymococcus Danura,
Bl 684
verticillatus, Bl. . 684
Diclytra scandens,
•Don 121
Bipetalum hiloculare,
Dalz 497
Liploclisia inclyta,
Miers .... 101
lepida, Miers . .101
macrocarpa, Miers . 101
pictinervis, Miers . 101
Diplodon cerastioides,
Reichb 227
Diplotaxis, DO. . .157
Quotation omitted p. 257 : C. biflorum, Turcz. Bull. Mosc. 1863, i. 580. Hyperi-
cum, Wall. Cat. 4820.
713
Page
Griffithii, E.f.&T. 157
grandiflora, Wall. . 652
Dipterygiuni, Dene. . 164
glaucum, Dene. . .164
DlPTEKOCARPE^ . . 'Z9i
Pipterocarpus, Gcertn.yr 295
alatus, Roxb. . . 298
alatns, A. DO. . . 297
angustifoliuSj'W.&A. 299
Baudii, Korth. . . 296
cordatus, Wall. . . 297
cornutus, Dyer . . £96
costatus, Ruxb. . . 299
costatus, Gaertn. f. . 298
crinifcus, Dyer . . 296
glandulosus, TAw. . 297
fjonoptcruSy Turcz. . 298
(jrandijlora, Wall. . 297
lirand ijloras, Griff. . 299
ijrand fUius, Teysm. 297
Giffithii, Miq. . . 299
bispidus, Thw. . . 296
incanus, Jioxb. . . 298
indicus, Bedd. . . 295
insignis, Thw. . . 298
IcBvis, Ham. . . .295
oblongifolius. Thw. . 296
vbl»iig>is, DC. . . 296
obtusif ilius, 2Vyam. . 295
pilosus, Jioxb. . . 296
pterygocalyx, Scheff. 298
scaber, JIam. . .297
scabridus, I'hw. . . 298
tuberculatus, Moxb. 297
turbinatus, 6r(Er<?i. /. 295
vestiLus, Wall. . . 295
zeylanicus, Thw. . 297
Dipterospernia . . .291
Dillenia, Linn. ... 36
uiigasta, Roxb. . . 38
aurea, Sm. . , . 37
bracteata, Wight . 37
dentata, Thunb. . 36
elliptica, Thunb, . 36
floribunda, jy./.ct r. 38
graudiiolia, Wail. . 38
indica, Linn. . . ^6
integra^ Tliunb. . . 37
me liosma? folia, If. f.
dc T. .... 36
oryiafa, Wall. . .37
ovata, Wall. ... 36
parvitlora, O'rij^. . 38
pentagyna, Roxb. . 38
■pilosa, Ham. ... 38
pilosa, Roxb. . . 38
pulcherriiaa, Kwz . 37
repanda, Roxb. . . 37
Page
retusa, Thunb. . . 37
scabrella, Rnxb. . . 38
speciosa, Thunb. . 36
speciosa, Griff. . . 37
DiLLENIACEiE . . . 30
DlLLKNIE^ .... 31
Dilophia, Thorns. . .160
Balsa, Thorns. . .161
Dimocarpus, Wall. . 5.'>5
crinita, Lour. . . 687
Lii'hi, Lour. . . . 687
hougan, Lour. , . 689
pupilla, Moon . . ^h9
undidatas, Wight . 689
verticillata, Hb.
Roxb 684
Dioecia pentandra,
Wall 686
Dioscorea sadva, Linn. 697
Dioapyros cerasifoliay
Don .... 285
? frondosa, Wall. . 92
nerrata, Don . . . 285
Discostigma fabrile,
Miq 260
vierguense, Planch.
& Tr 267
zeylanicum, Planch.
&Tr 268
Dittelaania, H. j. . .671
Rarak, //. /. . .672
Diuroglogiium rufes-
cetus, Turcz. . . 375
Dobiuea, Ham. . • 696
vulgaris, Hum. . .696
Doduna?a, Linn. . . 697
angu&tifoiia, Linn.f. 697
arabica, Hochst. &
Steud 697
Burmanniana, DC. 697
dioica, Roxb. . . 697
lieterophylla, Hort. . 697
microcarpa, DC. * . 697
pallida^ Miq. . . 697
pentandra, (iriff. . 697
spathulata, Sm. . . 697
viscosa, Linn. . .697
Wightmna, DC. . . 697
DOMBEYE^ .... 353 j
Doona, Thw. . . .311
affinis, Thw. . . . 311 !
congest! flora, Thw. . 312 I
cordifulia, Thw. . .312
Gardueri, Thw. . .312
macrophylla, Ihw. . 312
nervosa, I'hw. . .311
ovalifolia, Thw. . . 312
trapezifoUa, Thw. . 311
Page
venulosa, Thw. . .313
zeylanica, Thw. . .311
Doryetandra Rox-
burghii, Ilassk. . 186
Douepia tortuosa,
Camb 158
Draba, Linn. . . .141
Adamsii, Ledeb. . 142
algida, Adams . .142
alpicola, Klotzsch . 142
alpiua, Linn. . .142
altaica, Buuge . .143
a7id rosacea, Willd. . 143
confusa, Ehrh. . .143
elata, H. f. db T .142
elegans, Boiss. . .142
ellii)8oidea, H.f.<SiT. 144
fladnitzensis, Widf. 143
glacialis, Adams . 142
glomerata, Ri»yle . 143
gracilis, Tiedeb. . . 143,
gracillinia, H.f.&T. 144
Iielretica, Schleicb. . 143
hinuilayensis,
Klotzsch. . . 143
incana, Linn. . .143
incorapta, Stev. . .142
ioc/m, Kar & Kir. . 143
lapponica, Wahl . 143
lasiuphylla, Royle . 143
linearis, Boi.ss. . .144
muralis, Linn. . .144
ochroliuca, Bunge . 142
polytricha, Ledeb. . 142
pygmea, Turcz. . .143
radicans, Royle . .142
sefosa, Royle . . .142
stenocarpa, H.f.&T. 144
til)etica, //./. d: T. . 143
tibetira, H. f. & T. . 142
veiiia, Liun. . . . 145
Wahlenbergii,
Hartra 143
Winterbottomi, H. f.
& T 142
Drepanaiithus, Maing. 56
pruniferus, Maing. . 56
raiuuliflorus, ^/tti/J^. 56
Drymaria, Willd. . .244
cordata, II illd. . .244
extensa. Wall. . .244
DRYPIDEiE .... 212
Dryptopetalum coria-*
ceum, Arn. . . 625
Dumreichera, Hochst. 334
Durio, Linn. . . .350
malaccensis, Planch. 351
Oxleyauus, Griff. . 361
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS,
713
Page
Zibethinus, DC. . 351
Dysoxylon Championii,
H. f. & T. . . . 562
Dysoxylum, Bl. . . 546
Beddomei, Hiern . 548
binectariferum, II. f. 546
brevipes, Hiern, . 546
caulilioruni, Hiern . 549
cuneatum, Hiern . 549
flavescens, Hiern . 549
grande, Hiern . .547
grandiflorum, Rcem. 552
Griffiibii, Hiern . 549
Hamiltouii, Hiern . 548
macrocarpum, Tbw. 546
Maingayi, Hiern . 547
malabaricum, Bedd. 548
rnultijagum, Arn. . 552
pallens, Hiern . . 548
paniculatum, Arn. . 552-
pri)cerum, Hiern . 547
thyrsoideum, Gt'iff. . 547
Eccremanmus extimus^
Tbw 691
Echinocarpus, Bl. . . 399
assamicus, Benth. . 399
dasycarpus, Benth. . 400
Murex, Benth. . . 399
sterculiaceus, Benth. 400
tomentosus, Benth. . 400
Ehretia umbellulata,
Wall 604
hhebergiaindica, Roxb. 545
? integerrima, Wall. 545
Elaeodendron, Jacq.f. . 623
glaucuru, Pers. . . 623
nilghirense, Wall. . 614
oxyodon, Turcz. . 623
panicidatum, W. & A. 623
Eoxburghii, W. & A. 623
Elseocarpus, Linn. . 400
Acronodia, Mast. . 408
acuminatus, Wall. . 406
adenophyllus, Wall. 403
amoenus, TA«;. . . 404
mnygdaliniis, WalL 402
? angustifolius. W' igbt 403
apiculatus, Mast. . 407
aristatus, J?o^6. . .405
aristatus, Wall. . .402
bracteatus, Kurz . 406
ceylanicus, ^r/i. . . 406
chackroula, Ham. . 408
copalUferus, Retz. . 313
coriaceus, Hook. . 404
cuneatus, Wight • 402
cyauocarpa, Main^. 406
Page
Page
ferrugineus, PP%7i« .
406
americana, Am.
250
? Finlaysonianus,
arnmannioides, W.
Wall. . . .
407
&A
251
floribundus, jB^. . .
401
verticillata, W.&A.
252
Ganitrus, Roxh. ,
400
ELATINEiE . . . .
250
glabrescens, Mast. .
403
Ellepeia, H. f.diT, .
52
glaudu lifer, Mast.
406
cuneifolia, H. f.itT.
52
glandidosus, Wall. .
403
ferruginea, H.f.ikT,
52
Griffithii, Mast. . .
4^8
glabra, H. f. <Sc T. ,
52
grossa, Wall. . . .
401
nervosa, H. f. dh T.
52
Helferi, Kurz . .
402
Elodea formosa, Jack.
258
Integra, WalL . .
408
Embamma cordigera,
integrifolius, Tia,nik
401
Griff. ....
664
Jackianus, WalL .
409
heterantha, Griff. .
664
? lacunosus,\i Sill. 401
,402
Epicharis exarillata.
lanceaefolius, i?ox6. .
402
Arn
546
lanceolata, Wall. .
402
exarillata, Nimmo.
561
leptostachya, H^aZ^. .
403
mollis. Wall. . .
548
Lobbianus, Turcz. ,
401
Epimedium, Linn. .
112
longifolius, Wall. .
409
elatum, i¥or»'. <bDcne.
112
lucidus, Ruxb. . .
403
Erebennus canaranus,
monoceroides, Wigbt
Monocera, Cav. . .
409
405
Alef
341
Eriuocarpus, Nimmo. .
394
montanus, Thw. . .
404
Nimmoanus, Grah. .
394
Munroii, Mast. . .
407
Eriodendron, DC. .
34 9
nitidus, Jacq.
401
anfractuosum, DC.
350
oblonga, Wall. . .
402
orientale, Spr. . .
350
oblongus, Gcertn. .
403
Erioglossum, Bl. . .
672
oblongus, Wall. .
401
edule , Bl . . . .
672
obovatus, Am. . .
404
rubiginosum, Brdnd.
672
ovalifolius, Wall, .
402
Eriolsena, BO. . . .
370
paniculatus, Wall. .
407
Candollei, Wall. .
370
parvifulius, Wall. .
401
Hookeriana, W.tkA.
370
pedunculatus, Wall.
408
quinquelocularis,
Perim-Kara, DC. .
403
Wight ....
371
Pirincara, Wall. .
401
spectabilis, Planch. .
371
polystacbyus, Wall.
403
Stocksii, H f. <t T.
370
pruuifolius, Wall. .
407
Wallichii, UC. . .
370
pubescens, Hook. .
404
Ekiol^eneje ....
353
puDctatus, Wall.
405
Erodium, V Herit . .
433
robustus, Roxb.
402
Chumb-tlense, Munro,
427
? robustws, Wall. . .
408
eiconiuin, Willd.
434
rugosus, Roxb. . .
405
«icutarium, Z/cmaw .
434
rugosus, Wall. . .
405
himalayanum, Royle
434
serratus, Linn. .
401
malacoides, Willd. .
435
serratus, Roxb. . .
401
nilagiricum, fkshlecht 435
serratus, Wall. . .
402
Stephauianuni,
seri'atus, Reyne . .
403
Willd
434
serrulatus, Roxb. .
405
stipaceum, Edgw. .
435
sikkimensis,''il'/as<. .
402
tibetanum, Edgw. .
434
Btipularis, Bl. . .
404
violcefolium, Turcz.
435
subvillosus, Arn.
404
Eropbila, DC. . . .
144
tuberculatus, Roxb.
404
vulgaris, DC. . .
145
Varunua, Haiti. . .
407
Eruca, Tourn. . . .
158
t.venustus, Bedd. . .
405
Sativa, Lamk.
158
Elatine, Linn. . . .
250
Erysimum, %inn. . .
152
CEstivosa, Wight
251
Alliara, Linn. . .
151
ambigua, Wight
251
altaicum, C. A. Mey,
164
7U
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
P»J?e
Page
deflexum, ff. f. & T.
163
glaber, Roxb. . .
609
funiculosnm, H. f. <fc
glaucus, Turcz. .
610
T. . . . . .
153
Goughii, Wight . ,
608
gracile, Gay . . .
153
gra<idiflorus, Wall. .
608
Orijit/iii, Boiss. . .
153
Griffithii, Kurz. .
611
hieniciifoJium, Linn.
153
grossa. Wall . .
623
odoratum, Bkrh.
154
HamiltonianuR, Wall. 612
longisiliquum, B. f.
indicus, Heyne .
608
dT. . . . .
154
japonicus, Wall. .
612
pachycarpuin, H. f.
javanicus. Bl. . .
607
d'T. . . . .
153
laceni«. Ham. . .
6(.'8
pafefis. Gay . . .
153
? la'fa, Wall. . . .
614
repandum, Linn.
153
lucidus, Don . . .
612
rob vast urn, Don .
153
1. min-anf/im Don .
611
istrictum, Gaertn. . .
153
nitidus, Benth. .
61(»
Thomsoni, H.f. . .
154
m^ata, Wall. . .
616
Ei-ythrochit<m Wallich-
paui<!ulatU8, Bb.
ianum, Gri£F. . .
281
Wight ....
609
Erythropalum, £1. . .
678
pendulus, Wall. .
612
populifolium. Mast.
678
pterodadus, Hohen.
610
scandens, BL . . .
678
punctatus, Wall. .
610
vagum, Moat. . .
678
revolutus, Wight
60S
Eryihropsis Roxburgh-
sca7idens, Grab. . .
611
iana, Schott. k
serratifolius, Bedd.
d09
Endl. . / . .
360
? aerrulata, Wall. .
609
Erythrospermum, Lam.
191
Spfiarocarpus,}l3i86k. 607
phjtolaccoides, Gard.
191
auniatranus, Miq. .
607
Erxthroxylk^ . .
410
theaefolius, Wall. .
612
Erythroxylon, Linn. .
414
Thwaitesii, Laws
608
burnianicum, Grij^. .
414
timorensis, Zipp. .
610
indUum, Bedd. . .
414
Tma, Ham. . . .
623
Kuiithianum, Wall.
414
tingens, Wall. . .
610
lanceolatum, Wight .
415
vagans, Wa/l. . .
611
lucidum, Moon .
416
vagans, Wall.
611
monogynum, lioxb. .
414
Walkerii, Wight .
608
obtusifoliuni, Thw. .
415
zcylanicus, Moon
608
retumm, Bauer. . .
415
Euphora exstipulatis,
sideroxyloides, Lam.
415
Griff. ....
657
sumatranmn, Miq. .
415
Euphoria attenuata,
Euclidium, Br. . . .
1G4
Planch. . . .
684
syriacum, Br. . .
165
Danura, Wall. . .
684
EULINK^K
410
fuscatii, Benth. &
EuonyinuR, Linn . .
607
H.f. . . ; .
682
acutavguluif, Wight
610
Gardneri. Benth. &
arigulatus, Wight .
610
H.f. ....
690
atropurpurem, Rox.
612
glabra, BI. . . .
687
attenuaius, Wall. .
610
L itch if Juss. . . .
688
bulktus, Wall. . .
610
Litchi, Wall. . . .
690
calocarpiis, Kurz .
609
Longana, Bl. . .
686
capillaceufi, Wall. .
614
Longana, Lamk.
690
cinereiis, La}cs . .
611
Ntphelium, DC.
687
crenulatus. Wall.
608
Nephdiam, Wall. .
690
diehotomus, /ieyne .
609
Noronhiana, Bl. . .
686
eehinatus, Wall.
611
punicea, Larak. . .
687
filiformis, Wall. . .
614
pupillum, Steud.
689
fimbriatus, Wall.
611
rubra, Royle . . .
684
frigidus, Wall. . .
611
undulata, Hb. Heyne
689
garcinifolius, E-oxb.
614
vertirAllata, Wall. .
684
Page
xerocarpa, Bl. . . 686
Euptelea, Lieb. d: Zucc. 39
pleio.speruia.Zr./.ttr. 39
Eurya, Thimb. . . .284
acuminata, DO. . .2^5
acuminata, Wall. . 285
acuminata, Koyle . 285
angtustifolia. Wall. . 285
angustifolia, Miq. . 292
bifaria, Wall. . . 285
ce^vlanica, Wight . 285
chinensis, Br. . . 285
chineims, H. f. & T. 285
coveorarpa, Korth . 284
elii plica, Gard. . .284
eupristay Korth . .285
fasciculata. Wall. , 284
jasciculata. Ham. . 285
japonica, Thiinb. . 284
lasiopctala, Gardn. . 283
lucida, Wall. . . 285
vicmbranacea,{3a,rdn. 285
multiflora, DC. . . 285
nitida, Korth. . . 284
parrifolia, Gardn. . 285
pfn/lhinfhnidrs, Bl. . 284
Roxburgh ii, Wall. . 284
mlicl folia, Bl. . .285
scrrata, Bl. . . . 285
symplocina, Bl. . . 284
gystyla, Miq. . .284
trichocju'pa, Korth. 285
trichuyyua, Bl. . . 285
trintyla, W. & A. . 284
vitieiisis, A. Gray . 284
Wallichiana, IManc. 285
Wi'jhtiana, Wight . 284
Wightiana, Wall. . 284
Euryale, ISalisb. . . .115
ferox, Salish. . . .115
indica, Planch. . .115
Eurycoma, Jagk. . .521
apiculata A . W. Benn. 522
longi folia, Jack. . .521
merguenniis. Planch. 621
tavoi^ana. Wall. . .521
EuSIMAKUBEiE . . . 517
Eusynaxis barringtoni-
CBfolia, Griff. . . 290
EUTHEMIDKJ! . . . 523
Eutheniis, Jack. . . 626
?elegantiKisiraa, H{a^^. 5"J6
elegaiUiasima, ? Wall. 525
leucocarpa, Jack. . 526
minor, Jack. . . . 526
? pulchcrrima. Wall. 525
Eutrenia. Br. . . . 151
iiimalaicum,ir./.<£;r. li)2
715
Page
Page
primulasfolium, H.f.
Ficaria glacialis,¥i8ch .
21
&T.
152
Filicium, Thw. . . .
539
Evodia, Font. . . .
487
decipiens, Thw. . .
539
accedevs, Miq. . .
489
Firmiana colorata, Br.
360
fraxinifulia, Z^./.
490
Fissisligma scaiiO.>ray,
glabra, M. . . .
489
Griff. . . . .
80
glauca, Miq. .
490
Flffcourtia, Cotnvi. . .
19'
gracilis^ Kuiz . .
4o.^.
CatapLracta, Jioxb. .
IdZ
Lamar ckiana, Benth
488
Cataphracta, Bl.
192
latifulia, DC. . . .
489
Cataphractciy'Wsdl. .
194
Marambong, Miq. .
487
*cordifolia, Roxb. .
194
melic-efolia, Benth. .
490
crenata, Wall. . .
191
peduuculosa, H.f. .
489
ferox, Wall. . . .
194
tobusta, H.f. . . .
488
inevmi^ /■Th. . .
192
Roxburghiana,^m//\.
467
vitcrDiis, Wall. .
190
rutsecarpa, H.f. d; T.
490
inermis, Miq. . .
192
tripbylla, DC. . .
488
Jangomas, Miq. . .
193
triphylla, Bedd. . .
487
mollis, H. f dt T. .
192
viticiua, Wuli. . .
489
montaua, Grah. . .
192
montana, Zipp. .
192
Fagara ? Budrunga,
nivea. Moon . . .
194
Roxb. . . . .
495
obcorduta, Roxb.
194
Lunur-ankenda,
? Perotletiana, Clos
193
Gsertn. . . -. .
487
? quintuplinervis,
Jthettsa, Roxb. . . .
495
Turcz
192
triphyUa, Koxb. .
487
Ramontehi, VHer. .
193
triphyUa, Lamk.
488
RamontcM, Wall. .
193
Fagonia, Linn. . . .
425
* rotundifolia,Roxh
194
arabica, Linn. . .
425
Rukam, Zoll. & Mor.
192
Bruguieri, DC. . .
425
sapida, Roxb. . .
193
crctica var. Anders.
425
sapida, Wall. . . .
191
Echindla, Boiss.
425
sepiaria, Roxb. . .
194
montanay Miq. . .
425
stigmarota, Wall. .
190
mysorensis. Roth ,
425
,stimatrana, Planch. .
192
Fagrcea ? dubia, Wall.
281
Wight iana, Wall. .
194
Farsetia, Desv. . . .
140
Flacourtiacea . . .
419
segyptiaca, Twr. . .
140
Fl.\courtie.e . . .
189
Edgeivorthii,B..(.&T.
141
Flourensia ccespitosa,
Hamiltonii, Royle .
140
Camb
243
Jacquemontii, B.f.
Fluegqia leucopyrus.
dbT.
140
Wight . . . .
191
linearis, Dene. . .
140
Frankenia, Linn. . .
212
longinliquaf Dene. .
140
pulverulenta, Linn. .
212
ovalis, Boiss. . . .
141
Frankkniace^ . .
211
£eronia, Giurtn.- . . .
5:.G
Frrziera ? attenuata,
El.'pli'iutum, Oorrea
5\6
Wall. . . . .
290
pellucid a. Roth . ,
617
Fumaria, Linn.
127
Fibraurea, Lour. . .
97
parvifiora, Lamk. .
128
chloroleuca, Miers .
98
FUMARIACEJ5. . . *
120
fasciculata, Miers .
98
Gim-tnera laurifoliay
tinctoria, Lour. . .
98
Herb. Madr. . .
419
tinctoria, Miers . .
98
racemosa, Roxb. .
418
? /mniatocarpa, H. f.
Galledoa pentaphylla,
& T
106
Rcem. . .
504
Page
graveolens, Rcem. . 505
Ganitrus sphcerica,
Gsertn 400
Garcinia, Linn. . .259
ucmuiaata, Planch. 2j4
aMnis, Wall. . 260, 266
' aM).i!i, W. & A. . .262
Audersoni, Hk. f. . 270
anomala, PL & Tr. 266
atro-viridis, Griff. . 266
bancana, Miq. . . 263
Bhumirowa, Roxb. . 266
Carnbogia, Desr. . 261
C(':/ibogiuides, Royle 205
celcbica, Desr. . .261
celebica, Linn. . . 260
Choisyana, Wall. . 265
' comcarpa, Wight . 262
cornea, Linn. . . 260
Cowa, Roxb. . . .262
echinocarpa, Thw. . 264
elliptica, Wall. 262, 264
eugenicBfolia, Wall. 268
Gaudichaudl, PI. &
Tr 265
Griffithii, Anders. . 266
Gutta, Wight . .264
heterandra, Wall. . 265
indica, Chois. . 261, 262
Kydia, Roxb. . . 262
Kydiana, Laness. . 262
lancefefolia,A'o:c6.261,263
lateriflora, Bl. . . 265
lobalosa, Wall. 262, 264
loii'iceroides, Anders . 264
mftcrophylla, Andera'. 270
Maingayi, Hk.f. . 267
malaccensis, Hk. f. . 261
Man.f^o?+afia, Linn. . 2'JO
njer..M;en;iis, ^ tl ight . 267-
Morella, Desr.. 261, 264
+ nervosa, Miq.
nigro-lineata,y^Zfmr/^, 263
ovalifolia, Hk. f. . 269
oxyphylla, I'l. & Tr. 263
paniculata, Roxb. . 266
■ papilla, Wight . .262
pedunculata, Roxb. 264
pictoria, Roxb. . .264
ptirpurei, Roxb. . 261
puipurea. Wall. . . 263
Roxburghii, -^ ight . 262
speciosa, Wall. 260, 267
X spectabilis, . . . 261
* At page 394 H. cordifolia and rotundifolia should be F. etc.
+ G. Andersoni, H.f. p. 270 is equal to G. nervo.sa, Miq., which is omitted.
X For G. spectabilis under G. malaccensis, p. 261, read G. speciosa.
716
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
stipulata, Anders. . 267
succifolia, Kurz . 270
terpnophylla, Thw. 268
travancorica, Bedd. 268
umbeUifera, Wall. . 263
unibdlifera, Roxb. . 262
xenidosa, Chois. . . 263
* Wallichiana, Chois. 263
Wallichii, Chois. . 262
Wightii, T. Anders. 265
xanthoohytnus,^^^/. 269
zeylanica, Roxb. . 262
Garuga, Roxb. . . . 521?
? madagaiscariensu,
DC 628
pinnata, Jioxb. . . 628
Gela lanceolafa. Lour. 498
Gemella trifolia, Lour. 674
Geranik^ .... 426
Geraniace^ . . . 426
Gkraiiiura, Linn. . . 428
aconitifolium, L'Her. 429
ajjine, W. & A. . .431
ArnoUia7ium,Sievid. 431
Backhoimanuin, Re-
gel .-... . 430
hicolor, Royle . . 433
cJiooren.i€, Royle . 433
colliuuiu, M.Ji. . . 429
JJonianum, Wall. . 430
Donianum, Hk. f.
& T 431
criostemon, Don . .430
(/randiJlorum,E(\y:w. 430
Grevilleauuin, Wall. 430
heterotrichon, Sm. . 433
himalayense,
Klotisch . . .429
l(evigatum, Royle . 433
? Laniberti, Sw. . . 430
? Lawianutn, Grab. 427
Lindleyanum, Royle 433
luciduin, Linn. . . 4o3
molle, Linn. . . . 432
mwltijidum, Don . 430
nepalense, Sv). . .430
ocellatuiu, Camb. . 433
pallidum, Royle. . 431
?palustre, i///m. . . 430
patens, Royle . . 431
peduuculatum, Royle 433
polyanthes, Edgw. d:
H.f. ... . . 431
potentilloides, Klotz. 432
pratense, Linn. . .429
jjUiiillum, Linn. . .482
Page
radicans, DC. . . 431
rectum, Trautv. . . 429
refractuiu, Edgw. . 428
Robertiaiium, Linn. 432
rotundifolium, Linn. 432
sibiricuni, Zii'/m. . . 431
Tuberjiria, Camb. . 431
Wallichianum, *S'm;. . 430
Gilibtrtia natuyu, DC. 667
Glenuiea, Hk. f. . . 682
zeylanica, Hk. f. . 682
Gloitsosjjertnum ? cor-
datum. Wall. . . 374
? quinque-aJatum^
Wall 393
velutinum. Wall. . 374
Glycosmis, Correa . . 499
angiustifolia. Lindl. . 600
aiburea, DC. . . . 600
bilocularis, Thw. . 600
ckylorarpa, W. & A. 600
crenulafa, Turcz. . 601
macrocarpa, Wight . 600
macropht^Ua, Liudl. 600
nitida, W. & A. . . 60C
pentaphylla, Coi-rea 499
jaiberiila, Lindl. . 601
Rftzi, K«ra. . . .600
SJipimioides, Lindl. . 601
trip/iyUa, Wight . . 600
Glyptopetalum, T/no. . 612
grauditiorum, Bidd. 613
sclerocjirpum, Kurz 613
zeylanicum, Thw. . 612
Goldbacbia, DO. . .166
lievjgata, DC. . .166
toriUoaa, DC. . . . 1 66
Goiuphaiidra, WalL. . 685
aftinis, Maxf. . . . 686
axillaris, Wall. . . 686
coriacea, Wight . . 586
?cra8sipes, Mast. . 687
penangiana, Wall. . 687
polymorpha, Wight . 586
■ polymorpha, Wight . 686
tomentelia, Mast. . 687
Goiuphia, Schreb. . .625
angustifolia, Vahl . 625
Hookeri, Planch. . 625
malabarica, DC. . . 625
suniatrana, Jack. . 525
suvmtrensis, Plauch. 526
umbeUata, H.f. . . 525
zeylanica, DC. . . 522
Gouiothalaiuus, Bl. . 76
cardiopetalus.i/./.tt'T. 75
Page
fulvus, H.f. <L' T. . 75
Gardneri, //,/. <k T. 73
giganteiis, H.f. d: T. 75
Griffith ii, H.f. db T. 73
Hookeri, Thiv. . . 73
macrophyllus, H.f.
ci T 74
malayanus, //./. tO 1\ 75
reticulatus, Ihw. . 75
ealicinus, H. f.JcT. 76
sesqui pedal is, H.f.
d;T. .... 73
Simonsii, //./. tfc- T. 74
Thoiusoni, Thw. . . 74
Thwaitesii, J7./.a;r. 72
Walkeni, H. f. ds T. 74
Wightii, H. f. db T. 76
wynaadensis, Bedd. . 74
Gordonia, Ellis . . .290
acuminata. Wall.,
282, 290
anomala. Spr. . . 292
Chilaania, Ham. . 289
d'Caudra, Roxb. . 417
elliptica, Gardn. . 291
excelsa, Bl. . . . 291
Jloribunda, W^all. . 289
intcgrifolia, Roxb. . 289
Maiiigayi, Dyei' . .291
mollis, Wall. . . .288
oblata, Roxb. . . .289
obtusa, Wall. . .291
obtu^ifolia, Wight . 291
parvifoiia, Wight . 291
• '{ pcduncidaris, Wall. 416
reticulata. Wall. . . 282
singopuriana. Wall. 291
speciusa, Thw. . . 292
supcrba, H. f. & T. . 289
Wallichii, DC. . . 289
zeylanica, Wight . 291
Gordon I KiK .... 279
Gossautpinus rubra,
Ham 349
Gossypiura, Linn. . . 346
acuminatum, Roxb. 347
albtcm, W, & A. . . 34 6
arborcum, Linn. . . 347
barbadense, Linn. . 347
herbficeum, Linn. . 346
himutum, Linn. . . 347
indicum, Lamk. . . 346
micranthum, DC. . 346
nigrum. Ham. . ,347
nigrum, W. & A. .347
obtusifolium^ Roxb. 347
* For Wallichiana p. 263> uader G. Cowa read Wallichii.
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNOI^YMS.
1?
Page
peruvianum, Cav. . 347
relif/iosum, Roxb. . 347
religiosum, Pari. . 347
rubicundum, Roxb. 347
Stocksix, Mast. . . 346
vitifolium, Lamk. . 347
• vitifolium, Roxb. . 347
Gouania, Linn. . . .643
inteffvifolia, Kurz . 643
lanceolata. Wall. . 644
leptostachya, DC. . 643
microcarpa, DC. . . 643
napalensis, Wall. . 644
tilicefolia, Heyne . 643
GrOUANIE^ .... 630
Gouffeia crassiuscula,
Camb 241
Oranatum littoreum,
•-Runiph. ... 567
Grewia, Linn. ,. . . 383
abutilifolia, Jiiss. . 390
acuminata, Juss. . 389
a^^nis, Liiidl. . . .393
ajjinis, Hassk. . .393
angustifolia. Wall. . 391
araria, Wall. . . .386
arbor ea, Roth . .386
asiatica, Linn. . .386
aslatica, Wall. 387, 390
aspera, Roxb, . .390
bef/onifoUa, Wall. .393
betv.lcefolia, Juss. . 3S5
bicolor, Roth . .385
bicolor; Juss. . . .386
biloba, Wall. . . . 3J^1
bijxtrtita, Wall. . . 388
. Blumei, Hassk. . . 393
bracteata, Roth . . 389
bracteata, Miq. . . 383
calophylla, Kurz . . 392
carpinifolia, Jnss. . 387
carpinifolia, Wall. . 383
carpinifolia. Roth . 384
carpinifolia, Roxb. . 388
Carrea, Ham. . . 387
? caudata. Wall. . .379
coliimnaris, Srn. . . 383
comniutata, DC. . . 388
coriacea, Garcke . 388
coi'i^lifolia, Guill. &
Perr 388
didyma, Roxb. . .389
dipiocarpa, Thw. . 390
disperma, Rottl. . 389
elastica, Royle . . 387
emarginata, W.dhA. 384
excelsa, Vahl . . 385
ferriiyinea, Hochst. 389
Page
Pa?e
fibrocarpa, Mast.
391
salvifolia, ffeyne .- .
386
Jlavescens, Juss.
388
salvifoUa, Roxb.
385
glabra, Jack .
393
salvifolia, Wall. . .
391
global ifera, Mast. .
helicterifolia, Wall.
391
sapida, Roxb. . .
887
391
saxatilis, Ham. .
391
htteroclita, Roxb. .
379
scabrida, Wall. .
389
heterotriclia, Mast.
385
scabrida, Wall. , ,
388
hirsuta, Vahl . .
391
scabrophylla, Roxb.
387
hirsuta, Wall. . .
391
sclerophylla, Wall.
387
humilis, Wall.. .
390
sepiaHa, Roxb. . .
388
involucrata, Wall. .
384
serrulata, DC. . .
388
involucrata, Wight.
388
sinuata, Wall. .
392
lav/ij^ata, Vald .
389
subincequalis, DC.
386
Lalpeta, Ham. . .
389
subiruBqualis, Wall.
386
? lancecefolia, Roxb.
391
suffruticosa. Ham.
387
lanceolata, Hb. Hey.
391
sulcata, Wall. .
387
lancifolia, Grah.^ .
391
Sulcoria, Ham. . .
391
latifolia, Mast. . .
392
tilisefolia, Vahl . .
386
laurifolia, Hook .
392
ulmi/olia, Roxb.
392
loiKjifol'ia, Hara.
391
umbellata, Roxb. .
385
macrophylla, G. Don
390
umhellifera, Bedd.
^8
Microcos, Linn. . .
392
variabilis. Wall. .
386
microstemma. Wall.
390
vestita, Wall. . . .
&&7
mollococca, Ham.
389
viUosa, Willd. .
388
multiflora, Juss. .
388
viminea, Wall. .
391
nana, Wall. . . .
387
Grewie^ . . .
380
obligua, Roxb. .
387
Guarea acuminata,
obtecta, Wall. .
387
Wall. . . .
574
o6«wsa,Wall.383,384,389
Alliaria, Ham. .
648
odorata, Bl. . .
389
? Amaris, Ham.
. 546
oppositifolia, Eoxb. .
384
hinectarifera, Roxb
546
orbicularis, G. Don
386
diayphonia. Griff.
. 547
orbiculata, Rottl.
386
Gobara, Ham. .
547
orhiculata. Wall. .
386
Gotadhora, Buch.
. 546
orbiculata, G. Don .
;'88
gravdis; Wall. .
547
orien talis, Linn.
384
mollis. Wall. . .
. 548
orientaiis, Vahl .
383
oblonga, Wall. .
547
orientalis, Wall. .
384
oblongifolia, Griff.
. 567
orientaiis, Gsertn.
388
- paniculata. Wall.
548
ovalifolia,' Wight
384
paniculata, Roxb.
. 552
ovalifoUa, .Juss. .
389
proccra. Wall.
. 547
pauioulata, Jloxh.
393
Guatteria acutifolia,
pcdicdlata, Roxb. .
385
Wall. . . .
. 89
pilosa, Lamk.
388
acutiflora. Wall.
64
pilosa, Wall. 383,
384,
bifaria, A. DC. .
62
387
, 389
biglandulosa, Bl.
. Qo
pilosa, Roxb. . 390
, 391
brevipetala, Miq.
%Q
polygama, Roxb.
391
caudata. Wall. .
85
populifolia, Vahl
385
cerasoides. Dun.
. 64
pundla, Hara. .
387
cinnamomea. Wall.
. 65
retusifolid, Kurz
390
coffcoides, Thw. .
. 62
rhamnifolia, Roth, .
384
cordata. Dun.
. 49
rigida. Ham.
385
costata, H. f. & T.
67
Ritchiei, Mast. .
389
fasciculata. Wall.
63
Bothii, DO. . .
385
fragrans, Dalz. .
63
rotandifolia, Juss.
386
glnbusa, A. DC. .
87
Roxbargkii, G, Don
391
Jenkinsii, H. f. &T
64
rugosa, Wall.
. 393
Korinti, Dun. .
. 64
718
'INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
Page
Page
laurifolia. Grab. .
93
Hubzdia ferrvginea,
Ileritiera. -■ ''. . .
362
longifolia, Wall. .
62
H. f. & T. . . .
83
a</C7.aato. Wall., 86J,517
macrophylla, Bl.
66
oxyantha^ H. f.
Fomes, Buch.
363
Malabarica, Dun. .
51
ftT
83
Fomes, Wall. . . .
363
membranacea, A. DC
68
Haematncarpus, Miers .
106
littoralis, Dryand. .
363
micrantha, A. DC. .
61
Tboinsoni, Miers .
106
macrophylla, Hort. .
363
monfana, DC. .
61
ffapalosa Loejlingice,
minor, Roxb. . .
363
rmiltinervis, Wall. .
65
Wall. ....
245
Papilio, Bedd. . .
363
nitida, A . DC. . .
64
Harpullia. Roxb. . .
691
Hermannia alni folia.
pallida, H. f. & T. .
67
cupanoides, Roxb. .
692
Wall
322
persica;folia,Il.t&1
'. 66
imbricata, Thw.
692
Hbrmannibjb . . .
354
ramosissima, Wall.
68
Hanisonia, Br. . .
619
Hespercthusa addis-
sesquipedalis, Wall.
73
Bennetii, H.f. . .
619
sima, Roera. . .
607
siviiaT^m, Ham.
63
Brownii ?, Kurz
519
ambigua, Roera .
507
suberosa, DC. . .
65
Hartigsea Alliaria,
crenula.ta^ Rcem.
507
iinoncefoUa^ A. DC.
71
Am
548
Heteropktaljs . . .
380
vcliiiina, A. DC.
87
Gobara, W. & A. .
647
Heteropy.xis, Griff.
352
Guazuroa, Plum.
375
ram'ifloro,, Griflf. . .
649
iieynea, Roxb. . . .
565
, tomeutosa, Kunth.
375
Ilebradtndron cambo-
ajfinis, Juss. .
665
' ulnvfolia, Wall. .
376
gioides, Grab.
265
connaroides, Wight
565
^%^la chluroxyloTif
Choiityavum, Cbois.
265
pubcscens, Kurz . .
565
Ham
371
Wallichii. Cbois. .
265
quinrpirjuga. Roxb. .
665
^va. Ham. . . .
370
ffedera hypoglauca.
trifoliata, Juss. .
664
A^.vea, n^all. . .
371
Hance ....
663
trijuga, Roxb.
565
Gu&iijiua nalugu^ Spr.
667
Helicteres. Linn. . .
365
HiBISOEJB ....
318
Ouhifera, . . 266,
267
angustifolia, Linn. .
365
Hibiscus, Medik. . .
334
GuTTIFKRiB . . . .
268
618
cartha/jenensin. Wall
366
Abelmoschus. Linn.
342
Gymnosporia, W. d: A.
chrysocalyx, Miq. .
365
acerlfollus, Wall. .
338
acuminata, H.f.
619
elongata, Wall. . .
365
aculeatus, Ro*.b.
335
eiMV;".ifita, Roth. .
621
glabriuscula, Wall. .
366
cfduans. Wall. . .
338
Falcoiitii, hrws.
6-:o
grew i(ef alia., Wall. .
366
astuans. Rottl. . .
344
fruticosa, Thw. . .
619
hirsutal Hb.Ham.
366
albwH, Wall. . . .
836
Heyneana, W.d:A..
620
Isora, Linn. . . .
365
angulosus, Mast.
341
montana, Roxb. . .
621
lanceolata, DC. .
365
Anwiti, Griff. .
344
neglecta, Wall. . .
619
lanigera. Wall. .
366
asperatus, Wall.
338
oblanceolata, Lavjs.
619
long! folia, Wall.
366
bifarcatus, Roxb. .
385
ovata, Wall. . . .
619
oblovga, Wall. . .
366
borbonicm, Wight .
337
puberula, Laws. .
619
obtusa, Wall. . .
366
canaranus, Miq.
341
Rothiana, W. d- A. .
620
plebeja, Kurz , . .
366
cancellatus, Roxb. .
342
Rovleana, Wall. . .
620
Roxburghii, G. Don
365
canescens, Ileyne .
337
rufa, Wall. . . .
620
spicata, Colcbr. . .
366
cannabiuus, Linn.
339
ruculosa. Laws. .
621
? spinulosa. Wall. .
366
chinensis. Wall. .
342'
salicifulia. Laws.
619
vestita. Wall. . .
366
clandestinus, Cav. .
335
Wallichlana, Spr. .
621..
virgafa, Wall.
365
collinus, Roxb. . .
338
Gynandropsis, DC.
170
HELICTKRE.K . . .
853
coriaceus, Heyne
332
pentaphylla, DC. .
171
Jlelie atnlantioides,
crofonifolius. Wall.
332
Qynocardia, Br.
195
Roera
608
cuspidatus, Edgw. .
338
odorata, Br. . . .
195
Helinus, E. Mey. . .
644
dissectus, Wall. . .
334
Q.^i{oiephalum bractea-
lanceolatus, Brandis 644
diversifolius, Jacq. .
339
turn. Tree. . .
592
Hkli.kborej! . .
1
eriocarpus, DC.
338
giganteum, Tree. .
591
Hemigyrosa, Bl.
670
esculentus, Linn. .
343
oblongum, Tree.
592
canescens, Thw. . .
671
ficulneus, Linn. .
339
palmatujn, Trdc.
592
defici^ns, Bedd. . .
671
, fiavfscens, Cav. .
342
Gypsophiia, Linn.
216
longifolia, Hiern. .
671
floccosus, Mast. .
343
cerastioides, Don
217
trichocarpa, Thw.
671
fragrans, Roxb. . .
337
sedifolia, Kurz. . .
217
Hemiphractum oxyan
furcatus, Roxb. . .
335
Stewartii, Thorns. .
216
drum, Turcz. . .
313
furcatus, Wall. .
334
Tibetica, H. f. & T. .
217
Hepatica, sp. . .
. 8
gangeticus, Roxb.
345
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
719
Page
Page
Page
Gibsoni, Stocks . .
339
sidoides, W. & A. .
338
Finlaysoniana,Wa.l\
422
heptaphyllus, Dalz.
simplex, Roxb. . .
338
Ursula, -Wall. . .
421
& Gibs. . . .
835
sinuatus, Cav.
3^0
indica, Roxb.
420
hirtus, Linn. . .
335
solandra, LHer.
indica, Wall. . .
421
hirtus, Buch. . .
342
spathaceus, Wall.
342
lanuginosa, Wall.
421
hispidissimus. Griffs
335
strictus, Roxb. . .
340
Mcrguensis, Wight
420
hosUlis, Wo.ll. . .
342
suborUculatus, Wall
336
nutans, WaU.
421
intermedius, ^.i^ic^ 336
Burattensis, Linn.
334
nutans, Roxb.
421
laguneoides, Edgw. .
340
syriacus, Linn. . .
344
orbiculata, Roxb.
421
Lampas, Cav. . .
345
tetralocidaris, Roxb
345
oxyphTjlla, Wail.
420
liliiJlo7'Uis, Griff.
344
tetraphyllus, Roxb. .'
341
Holboellia, Wall. . .
108
Lindleii, Wall. -. .
335
tiliaceus, Linn. . .
343
acuminata, Lindl.
108
longrfolius, Roxb. .
343
tortuosus, Roxb.
343
angusti folia. Wall.
108
lunariifolins, Willd.
338
tricuspis. Banks . .
344
latifolia, WaU. .
108
macrophyllus, Roxb.
337
Trionum, Linn. .
334
Eolopeira auriculata.
Manihot, Linn. . .
341
truncatus, Roxb.
338
Miers . . .
101
. micranthus, Linn. .
335
tubulosus, Cav. .
838
ausfralis, Miers .
101
mutabilis, Linu . .
344
velutinus, DC. . .
338
fasiformis, Miers .
101
obtusifolius, Willd. .
338
venustus, Bl. .
344
Ifeviuscyla, Miers
101
odoratus, Roxb. . .
331
vesicarius, ('av. . .
334
laurifolia, Miers
101
ovalifoUus, Vahl
336
vestitus, Griff.
337
villosa, Miers . .
1
paDdur«formis,
vestitus, Wall. . .
341
HoL0PKTAi.a; . .
, Barm
338
vitifolius, Linn. •
338
Holosteum, Linn. . \
pentuphyllus, F Mu.
340
Wightianus, Wall. .
339
umbellatum, Linn.^
7
pCntaphyllus. Roxb.
341
zeylanicus, Linn.
331
Hopea, Roxb. . . \v j#8
pKoeniceus, Willd. .
335
Hildeqardia populi-
decandra, Buch.
^08
populneoides, Roxb.
345
fulia, Br. . . .
361
discolor, Thw.
310
populneus, Linn.
345
Hippocratea, L. . .
623
eglandulosa, Roxb.
308
procerus. Wall. . .
339
angulata, Griff. . .
611
faginea, Hort. Calc.
308
prostratus, Roxb. .
340
arborea, Roxb
625
faginea. Wall. .
301
pruriens, Roxb. . .
338
Arnottiana, Wight .
624
fioribmida. Wall.
304
pterospermoides,
barbata, F. Muell. .
623
glabra, W. cfc A.
309
Wight ....
332
Cumingii, Laws. .
624
grandiHora, Wall.
301
pumilas, Roxb. .
336
disperma, Vahl.
625
gratissima, Wall.
307
punctatus, iJalz.
340
?disperma, Wall. .
625
Griffithii, Kurz .
310
pungens', Roxb. . .
341
euonymoides, Vabl,
625
jucuuda, Thw. .
310
racemosus, Lindl. .
338
Grahami, Wight .
624
longifolia, Dyer .
309
radiatus, Willd. . .
335
•{ grandiflora, Wall
624
micrantha, Nk. f.
310
rhombifolius, Cav. .
344
indica, Willd. .
624
ob longifolia, Dyer
309
ricinifolius, Wall.
342
lanceolata. Wall.
624
odorata, Roxb. .
308
rigidus, Linn. f. .
335
Lobbii, Laws . . .
624
odorata, Wall. .
308
rosa- malabarica,
Maingayi, Laws .
625
parviflora, Bedd.
308
Ker. ... .
335
obtusifolia, Roxb. .
623
parviHora, Bedd.
309
rosa- sinensis, Linn.
344
obtusifolia, Roxb. .
625
racophioga. Dyer
310
rugosus, Mast. . .
342
rigida, Hamp. .
624
scaphula, Roxb. .
301
Sabdariffa, Linn.
340
tortuosa. Wall. . .
624
sxiava, Wall. . .
304
sagittifolius, Kurz. .
342
volubilis, Heyn. . .
624
vasta. Wall. . .
*308
? sanguineus, Gi'iff.
342
Hippocrates . . .
607
Wi^^htiana, Wall.
309
scaber, Wall. . . .
3:39
Hiptage, Gccrtn. . .
418
Wightiana, Miq.
308
scandens, Roxb. .
337
acuminata, Wall. .
419
Hovenia, Thunb.
640
scandens, Dalz. &
candicans, Ilk. . .
419
acerba, Lindl.
640
Gibs
336
Mada biota, Gcertn. .
418
dulcis, Thunb.
640
scindicus, Stocks
336
parvifiora, Wight .
419
iiio'qualis, DCL .
640
septemnervosus,
parvifolia, W. & A.
419
Hugouia, Linn.
413
Wight. . . .
337
sericea, Hk.f. . .
419
ferruginea, W. <fc A.
413
serratus, Wall. .
338
Hircea concava, WalL
420
Mystax, Linn.
413
setosus, Roxb. . .
337
cordata, Heyne . .
421
obovata. Ham. .
413
setosus, Wall. . .
338
glabriuscula, Wall. .
420
HUGOAIE^ . . .
410
720
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
Page
Humea elata, Roxb. .
318
Lalandii, Chois. . .
256
Hutchinsia, Grijff. . .
139
Leschenaultii, Chois.
254-
■procumbevs, Desv.
159
lysiniachioides, Wall. 264
tibetica. Thorns. . .
159
■ monanthemum, B. f.
Hy<dosteinma Rox-
&T. . ...
256
bwghiana, Wall. .
87
montanum, Linn. .
256
Hydnocarpus. Gcertn.
196
myrtifolin, Spach .
253
alpina, Wu/ht. . .
197
mysorense, Betjne .
253
castanea, B. f. <S: T.
197
napaulense, CAow.
256
inehrians, Vahl. . .
196
nei-iifolium, Wall. .
257
ivebrians, Wall. . .
196
nervosum, Don . .
256
octandra, Thw. .
197
oblovgifo/iuni, Chois.
263
venenata, Gcertn.
196
oblongifol i urn , H ook
264
Wightiana, Bl. . .
196
oblongifolium, Wall.
264
Bydrocera, Bl. . . .
483
' pttllens, Don . .
256
avf/iistifolia, Bl. . .
483
patulum, Thunb.
254
tri'flora, W. & A. .
483
perforatum, /.inn. .
255
Bydropeltis purpurea^
petiolatum, Wall. .
257
Rich
113
petiolu latum, B.f.
Bymenoralyx varia-
&T. ....
266
Ulis, Zenk. . .
341
prunifolium, Dyer .
258
Hypecoum, Toum.
V20
pulchellum, Wall. .
267
leptwarpum,/r./.a;r. 120
pvsillum, Chois.
256
procumbens, Linn. .
12U
reptans, B f. db T.
256
HYPERIOKiB ....
262
rubi'um, Wight . .
255
Hypkricink^ . . .
262
iSanipsoni, Bance .
255
Bypericinea dtntaia,,
setuisu7H, Wall. . .
256
Wall
416
speriosum. Wall.
253
macrocarpa, Wall. .
417
tenuicaule, B. f.
pedunculosa, Wall.
416
&T. . . . .
254
Hypericum, Linn. .
263
triflorum, BL . .
254
acutum, Wall. . .
263
undum, Hain. . .
254
adenophorum, Wall.
256
Wiyhtianum, Wall.
266
alternifolinvi, Vahl.
294
Bypserprt cugpidata,
arborcicens, Vahl. .
258
Miers ....
100
hi'dcteatum, Wall. .
253
ptmcifiora, Miers .
100
breviflorunj, Wall. .
257
pi'di'aricnfa, Miers
100
calycatum, Jacq.
256
uniflora, Miers . .
100
cameum, Wall. =
cratoxylon polyan-
Iberidella, Boiss. . .
162
thum, Korth. . .
257
Andersom, B.f.S.T.ieS \
cernuum, Roxb. . .
253
ICACINE^ . . - .
673 1
Choisianum, Wall. .
254
Idea dentata, DC.
606
oocrineumj Wall,
258
indiva, W. & A. .
531
cordifolium, C/iois. .
253
Ilex, Linn
598
coi'iaceum, Royle .
254
(matica, Linn. . .
606
elodeoides, Chois. .
255
cymosa, Bl. . . .
606
erechtm, Thbg. . .
255
dapfi n cphylloides,
fiUcaule, 11. f. & T.
252
Kurz ....
606
fvetidum, n. f. & T.
257
denticulata, Wall. .
600
Govanianvm, Wall.
253
dipyrena. Wall . .
699
Griffithii, B.f.&T
253
? cl/iptica, Don . .
603
Hookerianum, W.
emarginella, Turcz.
600
&A
264
enibelioides, //./. .
601
hfyrridum. Wall.
257
excelsa. Wall. . .
603
humifusum, Zm«.255, 256
exsulca, Wall.
603
infer medium, Stend.
256
fragilis, B.f. . . .
602
japonicum, Thunb. .
256
Gardneriana, Wight 603
Pa^e
6ault?iei'i€efofia,KnT. 601
' Godajam, Colebr. . 604
Griffitl.ii //./. . . 601
Borsjieldii. Miq. . 602
insignis, //./. . . 599
intricata, B f. . . 602
macro|)hylla, Wall. . 604
Maingayi, B.f. . . 605
malabarica, Bedd. . 600
niligirica, Miq. . . 600
odorata. Bam. . . 599
rotumUt, Thunb. . 604
sclerophylla, B.f. . 606
migajmnana. Wall. 605
spicata, Bl. . . . 598
sulcata. Wall. . . 604
theaefolia, Wall. . . 601
Thomsonl //./. . . 602
vcnvlusa, II. f. . . 602
Wfilken, Wt.d:Gard. 600
Wa/kerii, Turcz. . 600
Wallichii. //./. . . 605
Wightiana, Wall. . 603
Wi'/ftfiana, Dalz. &
Gihs 600
Ilicinej! .... 598
Ilicinea ? 605
lUecebrtim verticilla-
tum, Burm. . . 247
Illicium, /inn. ... 39
Griffithii, //./. dk T. • 40
luajus, B.f. ti' T. . 40
Inipatiens, Linn. . .440
acaulis. Aiii. . .443
acuminata, Benth. . 462
Al-ka, Bedd. . . .443
albida, Wight . . 458
ampliorata,^f/(/w 475,476
amplexicaulis, Kd(jw. 4G9
anam/ilayensis^WodCL. 452
angustifl-ra, B.f. . 4 SO
appendiculata, Am. 464
arcaata. Wall. . .454
arguta, B.f db T. . 470
Aniotiiana, Miq. . 446
Arnottii, Thto. . .Am
assamensis, GrifiF. . 483
auriculata, Wight . 460
Ballardi, Bedd. . .482
Balsamina, Linn. . 453
Balsamiiia, Dalz. . 454
Beddomei, B.f. . 442
bella, //./. d:T. . 458
bieolor, Royle . .476
bicornuta, Wall. . 475
* bifda, Thuub. . . 457
biglandnlosa, Moon . 463
bipartita, Arn. . . 457
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
721
Page
bracby centra, Kan'.
&'Kir . . . . 481
hracteata, Coleb. . 461
hrevicwnu, Arn. . 455
hulbosa, Moon, . .443
calycina, Wall. . . 472
campanulata, Wight 463
Candida, Lindl. . . 469
capillipes. H.f. Jb T. 456
Cathcartii. jff.f. . 473
chinensis, Linn. . .444
circseoides, Wall. . 453
circceoides, Turcz. . 4 5 "2
clavicornu, Turcz. . 483
coccinea, Wall. . . 454
concinna, ^^. /. . . 449
cordata, Wiukf . .462
cornigera, Arn. . .466
cornigera, Hook. . 454
cornuta, Linn. . .454
crenata, Bedd. . .442
cristata, Wall. . . 472
cuspidata, W. & A. . 450
cyrabifera, H.f. . . 474
DnheWii, ff. f. db T. . 449
dasysperma, Wight . 457
debilis, Turcz. . . 483
Denisonii, Bedd. . . 444
depauperata, H.f. . 481
discolor, Wall. . . 471
diversifolia, Wall. . 446
Edgeworthii, H.f. . 476
elata, Edgw. . . .481
elegans, Bedd. . . 465
eloDgata, Arn. . . 466
€7%antha, Turcz. . 457
fasciculala, Lamk. . 444
filiformis,^.kL.. 447,
448
fimbiiata, Hook. . 461
flaccida, Am. . .457
jlaccida, var.^, H. f.
& T 458
flavida, H.f. & T. . 452
Jloribunda, Wight . 457
fruticosa, DC. . . 459
Gardneriana, Wight . 445
Gardneriana, Wight 450
gibbosa, Arn. . .455
gigantea, Edgw. . . 469
glandulifera, Arn. . 454
glanduliferay var. ?
Arn 455
glandulifera, Royle . 468
glauca, H.f. d; T. .482
Goughii, Wight . . 452
gracilis, Bedd. , .443
grandis, Heyae . , 463
VOL. L
Page
Griffithii, H.f. & T. 445
Hamiltoniana, Don 472
Henslowiana, Am. . 458
heterophylla. Wall. . 444
hispidula, Benth. . 470
Hoffmeisteri, Klotz. 471
Hookeriana, Am. . 463
inconspicua, Benth. . 447
inconspicua, Wight . 448
insignis, DC. . . 477
janthina, Thw. . . 461
Jerdouiae. Wight . 460
Jurpia, Ham. . .471
Kleinii, W. d; A. . 445
laevigata, Wall. . .473
latiflora, H.f. <fc T. . 459
latifolia, Linn. . . 450
latifolia. Hook. . . 457
latifolia. Moon . .457
latifolia, W. & A. . 451
L iwii, H. f d: T. . 448
laxiflora, Edgw. 479, 430
laxiflora ? Wall. . 478
laxiflora, H. f. & T. . 481
leptoceras, DC. . .477
leptoceras, var. a,
H. f. ^. T. . 477, 480
leptoceras, var. ^, H.
f. & T 47»
leptoceraSfV&YS.fB.. f.
& T 480
leptopoda, Arn. . . 455
leptura, H. f. . . 467
Leschenaultii, Wall. 450
leucantha. Thw. . . 464
ligulata, Bedd. . . 446
linearis, Arn. . . . 464
lineata, Turcz. , .468
Lobbiana, Turcz. . 454
longlcornu, Wall. 476,
476, 477
longiflora, Heyne . 447
longifolia, Wight . 454
longipes, H.f. d; T. 473
lucida, Heyne . . 451
macrochila, Lindl. . 469
macrophyila, Gardn. 454
maculata, Wight . 465
malayensis, Griff. . 483
micrantha, Don . 479
micranthemum, Edg. 481
mishraiensis, H. f. . 476
modesta, IF. d:A. . 442
mollis, Wall. . .470
moschata, Edgw. . 469
multiflora, Wall. . 470
Munrouii, Wight . 456
mjsorensiS; Roth. . 456
Page
mysorensis, Both. . 447
mysOrensis, Wall. . 447
? nutans, Willd. . . 483
odorata, Don. . . 477
oppositifolia, Linn. . 448
orchioides, Bedd. . 443
pallens, Edgw. . . 476
paludosa, H. f. . . 480
jiarasitica, Bedd. . 460
Parish ii, H. f. . .456
parvifolia, Bedd. . 453
pendula, Heyne . .455
Perotettii, Turcz. . 447
phoenicea, Bedd. . 466
picta, Kn. & West. . - 476
porrecta, Wall. . . 472
puberula, DC. . . 470
pulcherrima, Dalz . 458
pulchra, H. f. d: T. 459
pulniensis, Bedd. . 452
pusilla, Heyne, 447, 448
racemosa, DC. . .479
raceniosa, H. f. . .476
racemosa, Wall. 478, 479
racemulosa, Wall. . 468
radiata, H f. . . 476
TSidicsins, Benth.. . 451
ramosissima, Dalz.
447, 448
repens, Moon . . 455
reticulata. Wall. . 448
rivalis, Wight . .444
rosea, Lindl. . . . 454
rosmarinifolia, Retz
447, 448
rosmarinifolia,
Wight . . . .447
Boy lei, Walp. . .468
Eoylei, Klotzsch . 476
rufesrens, Benth. . 449
saiicifnlia, H.f.dsT. 450
salicifolia, Turcz. . 450,
454
scabrida, DC. . . 472
scabriuscula, Heyne 454
scapiflora, Heyne . 443
scapi flora, Hook. . 443
scapiflora, W. & A. 442
semiverticillata, Tcz. 482
serrata, Benth. . . 473
setacea, Colebr. . .444
setosa, H.f.diT. .445
spirifer, H.f. d: T. . 471
stenantha, H.f.. . 478
Stocksii, H. f. & T. 442
subcordata, Am. . 461
sulcata. Wall. 469, 475
Tangachee, Bedd. . 467
3a
722
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
tavoyana, Benth. . 468
tenella, Heyne . .447
tenelta, Rottl. . .447
tenella, Wall. . . 446
tenuicula, Steud. . 447
tenuis, Bedd. . . 442
Thomsoni, IT./.. .469
tin gens, Edgw. . .479
tomentosa, Dalz. . . 447
toiuentosa, Jleyne . 449
travancoiica, Bedd. 464
tricornis, Lindl. . . 472
trijlora, Linn. . . 483
trilobata, Colehr. .- . 451
tripetala, Roxb. . .470
tropspolifulia, Griff. . 472
truncata, Thw. . .455
tuberculata, //./. <fc T. 478
umbel lata, Heyne . 461
umbrosa, H. f. . . 476
uvibrosa, Edgw. . .476
, uncinata. Wiyht. . 465
urticifulia, Wall. . 474
urticifoUa /S, H. f.&T. 474
verrucosa, Bedd. . 444
Terticillata, Wiyht . 452
violseflora, //. /. . . 457
viridiflora, Wight . 460
viscid a, Wight . .462
vi8co8%, Bedd. 462, 453
Walkeri, Ilo'k. . . 467
Wightiana, Bedd. . 467
lodes, Bl 595
? Brandisii, K^irz . 596
ITookeriana, Baill. . 596
oblonga, Planch. . 597
ovalis. Bl. ... 596
oralis, var. Miquelii,
Baill 596
Thomsoniana, Baill. 596
tomentdla, Miq. . . 596
lonidium, Vent. . .185
enneaspermum, DC. 185
erectum. DC. . . . 185
heterojthyllum, DC. . 185
hexafrpermum, Dalz. 185
leptorhizum, DC. . 185
ramosiss muna, Thw. 186
suflFruticosum, Ging. 185
Wiyhtianiim, Wall. 185
Jrina glabra, Bl. . . 691
Irviiigia, H.f. . . . 522
uialayana, Oliv. . , 522
ISATIDB.B 130
Isatis, Linn. . . .163
costata, C. A . Mey. 163
tinctoria, Linn. . .163
spartioides, Edgw. . 164
Page
Isauxis Roxburghiana,
Thw 303
cordifolia, Thw. . 303
Jsopteris penangiana,
Wall 208
Isopyrum, Linn. . . 23
adiantifolium, H.f.d'T. 23
anemonoides, Kar. k
Kir 23
grandiflorum, Fisch. 23
microphyllum, Koyle 23
thalictroides, Zt'nw. . 23
IXOMANTHE^ , . .410
Ixonanthes, Jack. . .416
cuneata, Miq. . . 416
dodecandra, GriflF. . 416
icosandra, Jac^. . . 416
khasiana; H.f. . .416
obovata, H. f. . .417
reticulata, Jack. . 417
Jambolifera peduncu-
lata, Vahl. . .498
Jenkiiida assamica,
Griff. .... 693
Johnia coromandeUana,
Roxb 626
salad oides, Roxb. . 627
Julostyles Thio. . . 333
angustifolia, Thw. . 333
Kadsura, Kannpfer
45
grandiflora. Wall. .
44
japonica. Wall. , .
45
propinqua, Wall.
45
Roxburghiana, Am.
45
stnudens, Bl . . .
45
Wightiana, Am.
45
Kayea, Wall. . . .
276
cuspidata. Planch. &
•'r
277
floribunda, Wall. .
276
nervosa, T. Anders.
277
racemosa, Planch- d-
Tr
276
stylosa, Thw. . .
276
Kingstonia, H. f. <fc T.
93
nervosa, H. f. (& T.
93
Kittelocharis trigyna,
Alef. ....
412
Kleinhovia, Linn. . .
364
Hospita, Linn. . .
364
Kokuona, Thw. . .
616
littoralis. Laws . .
617
zeylanica, Thw. . .
616
Koon zeylanicus, Gaertn. 105
Krascheninnikowia nt-
jpestHs, Turcz. .
231
Pajfe
Kurrimia, Wall. . .621
bipartita, Laws . . 622
calophylla, Wall. . 622
ceylanica, Am. . . 622
Maingayi, Laics. . 622
paniculata, Wall. . 622
pulcherriraa, Wall. 622
robusta, Kurz . . 6L'2
Kydia, Roxb. . . , 34S
angustifolia, Am. . 3J^3
aj'illaria, Thw. . . 333
calycina, Roxb. . .348
fraterna, Roxb. . .348
glabiescens, Mast. . 848
jujubifolia, Griff. . 333
pulreridenta, Haoi. . 348
Roxburghiana,"^ i^hi 348
Lagunea aculeata, Cav. 340
lobata, Willd. . . 336
silenijtora. Wall. . 336
Lahaya corymbosa^
Schult 245
spadicea, Schult. . 245
Lavipttia racemosa,
Rcem 612
Lancretia suffriUicosa,
Del 251
Lansiuiu, Rumph. . . 557
anaraalayanum,jBerfd. 558
uqmiim, Miq. . . 558
cinereum, Hiem. . 658
domesticniL, Jack. . 568
humile, Hassk. . . 558
javanicum, Koem. . 658
pedicellatum, Hiem 658
silvestre, Rcem. . . 659
Lardizabale.* . . . 107
Lasianthera, P. de
Beauv 584
apica'is, Thw. . . 584
? lanceolata, Mast. . 5»5
Maingayi, Mast. . . 585
malaccensis, Mast. . 584
8 : cundijlora, Miq. . 584
? tetrandra, Wall. . 686
prasina, Miq, . .587
Ladolepis Bennettii,
Planch 619
multijuga, Benn. . 519
paucijuga, Benn. . 619
Laureola fragrans,
Rcem 499
Laval lea ceylanica,
Baill 679
Lavatera, Liini. . .319
Kashmiriana, Camb 319
Lebi-etoniajlava, Wall. 331
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
723
Page
Page
procumhensy Wall.
. 331
cuneata, ffiem .
680
Leea, Linn. . . .
664
montaua, Bl. . . .
679
acuminata, Wall.
66Q
Lepta triphylla. Lour.
488
cequata, Wall. .
. 6G6
Leptocarpcea Loeselii,
ceqwata, DC. . .
. 667
DC
151
alata, Edgw. . .
665
Leptonium oblongifo
angustifolia, Laws.
665
Hum, Griff.
583
aspera, Wall. 665
, 667
Leptonychia, Tarcz.
378
cinerea, Laws. .
. 665
acuminata, Mast.
379
compactiflora, Kurz
667
glabra, Turcz. . .
379
cordaia, Wall. .
. 668
moacurroides, Bedd
379
coriacea, Laws. .
. 665
Lepyrodiclis holosteoides,
criapa, Willd. . .
665
Fenzl
241
diffusa, Laws. . .
667
tenera, Boiss. . .
242
gigantea, Griff. .
666
Leucostemina latifolia,
?4er&acea, Wall. .
666
Benth. . . .
231
hina, Roxb. . . .
668
Webbiana, Wall. .
230
integrifolia, Roxh. .
667
Leucoderis javanica,
Iceta, Wall. . , .
666
Planch. . .
•605
IcBvis, Hb. Heyne .
565
Libanotus asiaticus,
latifolia, Wall. . .
664
Stackh
628
macfophylla, Roxh. .
664
Libanus thurifera,
? macrophylla, DC.
665
Colebr
528
odontophylla, Wall.
668
Limacia, Lour. . .
100
ottilis, DC. . . .
666
Amherstiana, Miers.
100
parallela, Laws.
666
cuspidata, H. f. <& T.
100
pinnata, Andrews .
665
distincta, Miers . .
100
pumila, Kurz . .
666
inornata, Miers .
100
robusta, Roxb. . .
667
oblonga, Miers . .
100
rubra, Royle . .
665
triandra, Miers .
100
sambucina, Willd. .
666
velutina, Miers . .
100
? var. sanguinea.
Wallickiana, Miers
100
Wall
666
Limonia, Linn. . .
607
scabra, Steud. . .
668
acidissiraa, Linn. .
507
simplicifolia, Griff. .
664
alata, W. <k A. . .
508
Staphylea, Wall,
666
alternans, Wall.
508
Btaphylea, Roxb.
667
alternifolia, Kurz .
508
trifoliata, Laws.
666
? angustifolia, Wall.
500
Leontoglossum scabrum
J
arborea, Roxb. . .
500
Hance ....
31
bilocularis, Roxb. .
508
Lepidine^ ....
130
? caudata. Wall.
513
Lepidium, Linn. . .
159
citrifolia, Roxb. . .
510
capitatum, II. f. & T.
160
crenulata, Roxb.
607
chalepense, Schreuk.
160
diacantha, DC. .
507
Draba, Linn. . .
160
I.flavicans, Wall. .
508
indsum, Edgw. . .
160
grandijlora. Wall. .
510
latifolium, Linn.
160
Laureola, DC. . .
499
repens. Boiss. . .
160
leptostachya, Jack. .
492
ruderale, Linn. .
160
missionis, Wall.
sativum, Limi. . .
159
510, 612,
513
Lepidostemon, H. f.
missionis. Wight
513
dsT. ....
147
mollis, Wall. . . .
504
pedunculosus, H.f.<Se \
monophylla, Linn. .
512
T.
147
oblonga, Wall. 508,
510
Lepionurus, Bl.
683
oligandra, Dalz.
497
oblongifolius, Mast.
583
penfagyna, Roxb. .
608
Xiepisantbes, Bl. . .
679
pentagyna, Roxb.
531
Browniana, Iliern .
680
pentaphylla, Retz. .
600
Page
? pubescens, Wall. . 507
pusilla, Gsertn. . .191
retusa, Don . . . 608
scandens, Roxb. . 509
trifoliata, Liun. . 607
LiNE^ 409
Linura, Linn. . . . 410
Cic^uobum, Don . 412
corymbulosum, Rchb. 411
kumile, Mill. . .411
humile, Heyne . .411
mysorense, Heyne . 411
perenne, Linn. . .411
repens, Don . . .412
Stocksianum, Boiss. 411
strictum, Linn. . .411
tetragynum, Colebr. 412
trigynum, Roxb. . 412
trinervium, Roth. . 410
trpierviumjTIohensLck.ill
usitati?.simuiu, Linn. 410
Liriodcudron liliifera,
Roxb. .... 40
grandiflorum, Roxb. 41
Lwflingiaindica, Retz 245
Lonchomera, B.f. t& T. 93
leptopoda, ^./. tfcr. 94
Lophopetalum, Wight 614
celastroides, Laws. . 615
dubium, Laws. . .616
filiforme, Laws. . 616
fimbriatum, Wight . 615
floribuiidum, Wight 616
grandifiorum, Am. . 608
javanum, Turcz. . 615
lucidum, Wight . . 608
ovatum, Presl. . .615
pallidum, Laws. . 615
rellexura, Laws. . 616
Wallichii, Kurz . .615
Wightianum, Am. . 615
Lophophyllum, Griff. . 105
bicristatum, Griff. . 105
Lophostylis javanica,
Miq 208
Loxostemon, ^./. tfc r. 139
pulchellus,^./.<&r. 139
? Ludia foitida, R jxb. 1 92
Luvunga, Ham. . . 508
eleutherandra, Dalz. 609
eleutherandra, Thw. 509
scandens. Ham. . . 509
scandens, Tliw. . . 509
Tavoyana, Lindl. . 609
Lychnis, Linn. . . . 222
apetala, Linn. . . 222
apetala, var. gracilis,
H.f.&T.. . . 223
3a2
724
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
brachypetala, Eort.
Berol 223
Cachemeriana, Royle 224
can eel lata, J acq. . 226
cilmfa. Wall. . . 225
coronaria, Lamk. . 222
cuneifolia, Royle . 226
eriostemon, Wall. . 225
Falconeri, Rohrb. . 223
fimhriata, Wall. . . 225
hinialayensis, Edgw. 223
iiidica, Benth. . . 225
inflata, Wall. . . 225
macrorhiza, Boyle . 223
madens, Jacq. . . 223
multicaulis, Wall. . 224
pigresoens, Edgw. . 223
nutans, Benth. . . 225
pilosa, Edgio. . . 226
pumila, Royle . . 226
Stewartii, Ed;/w. . 224
trisda, H. f. & T. . 223
Ltohnii>e£ . . . .213
Macharina icoaandra,
Planch 416
Machaya popiUifolia,
Arn 678
Macrolinum trigynum,
Reichb. . . .412
Mserua, Forsk. . . .171
arenaria, //. /. «fc 2'. 171
oralifolia, Camb. . 171
scabra, Camb. . .171
Magnolia, Linn. . . 41
Campbellii, ^./ifcT'. 41
exceha, Wall. . . 43
globosii, H.f.ik T. . 41
Griffithii, //. /. «t T. 41
insigiiis, Wall. . . 42
sphenocarpa, Jioxb. . 41
Maonoliace.» ... 38
magnolib.b .... 39
Mahonia nepalensi^, DC. 109
Malachiuni aquaticum,
Fries .... 229
Malachra, Linn. . . 329
capitata, Linn. . . 329
Malcolmia, Br. . . . 146
africana, Br. . . .146
strigosa, Boiss. . .146
torulosa, Boiss. . . 146
strida, Camb. . .149
Mallea integei-rima,
Wall. '. . . .545
Rniliii, Juss. . . . 545
gubscandems, Teysm.
k Binn. . . . 545
Page
MALPIGHIACEiB . . . 417
Malva, Linn. . . . 320
alch€mUlip/olia,Vf&H. 320
borealis, Wallra. . 320
ciluita. Wall. . . 320
malwensig, Edgw. . 319
mauritiana, DC. . 320
neilgkerrensis, Wight 320
parviflora, Linn. . 321
parvijlora, Huds. . 320
rotundifolia, Linn. . 320
rotundtfolia, Roxb. 320
silvestris, Linn. . . 320
spicata, Linn. . .321
trincspidaia, Ait. . 321
verticil lata, Linn. . 820
vulgaris, Fries . . 320
MALVAOE.fi .... 317
Malvk>s 318
Malvaviscus popidneus,
(jaertn 345
Malvastrum, A. Gray 321
Bpiratum, A. Gray . 321
tricuspidatum, A.
Gray .... 321
Mammea longifolia.
Planch. &Tr. . . 270
sianiensis, T. Anders. 271
Mangifera glauca,
Rotlb 623
Manglietia, Bl. . . . 42
Candollci, Wall. . 41
Caveana, //. /. 1- T. 42
insignia, Bl. ... 42
Manungala pendula^
Blanc. .... 519
Mappia, Jacq. . . .688
Championiana,
Miers .... 689
fcetida, Afiers . . 689
fa:tida, Bedd. . .589
fcetida, var., Thw. . 689
Gardneriana, Miers 589
oblonga, Miers . .689
ovata, Miers . , . 589
tomentosa, Miers . 589
Wightiana, Miers . 589
Matthiula, Br. . . .130
odoratissima, Br. . 131
Meconopsis, Vig. . .118
aculeata, Royle . . 118
Gul. - Waldemarii,
Klotzsch. . . .118
horridula, //./. <fc T. 118
nipalensis, DC. . .118
robusta, ff.f. <k T. . 118
simplicifolia, II. /. dc
T. 118
I Page
Wallichii, Hook. .119
Medusa anguifera,
Lour. .... 188
Meesia serrata, Gaertn. 626
Megabotrya meiiwfolia^
Hance .... 490
Megacarpaea, DC. . .161
bifida, Benth. . .161
polyandra, Benth. . 161
Melandryum apetalum,
Rohrb. .... 222
brachypetalum,'Fenzl 224
Falconeri, Rohrb. . 222
GrijKfkii, Rohrb. . 220
ivjfatum, Rohrb. . 225
intrusum, Rohrb. . 226
macrorhizum, Rohrb. 223
multicaule, Rohrbi . 225
nutans, Rohrb., 225, 226
MtUiania, Forsk. . .372
abutiloides, Arn. . 373
abutiloides, Aitch. . 373
abyssinica, A. Rich. 872
bracteosa, Boiss. . . 373
cat)nabina, Wight . 372
Deuhami, Br. . . 373
futtypcrensis, Munro 373
Uaiuiltoniana, Wall. 372
Uamiltoniana, Munro 878
incana, Heyne . . 872
ovata, Boiss. . . . 372
tomentosa. Stocks . 373
Melia, Linn. . . . 543
athiofiira, Welw. . 545
aryentea, Hb. Ham. 546
australasica, Juss. . 646
Azadira-hta, Lirin. . 644
Azedarach, Linn. . 644
baccifera, Both. . 646
Bombolo, Welw. . .645
Bukayu7i, Royle . . 544
composita, Willd. . 545
dubia, Cav. . . .545
excelsa, Jack. . . 544
ivdica, Brandis . . 644
Koetjape, Burm. . 663
montana, Hb. Madr. 645
parviflora, Moon . 644
penduliilora, Wall. . 550
pumila, Moon. . . 543
robusta, Roxb. . . 545
scmpervirens, Sw. . 644
superba, Roxb. . . 545
tomentosa, Roxb. . 643
? tomentosa, Kurz .668
Meliacea penangiana,
Wall 569
rugosa, Wall. . .569
.INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
725
Page
singapureana, Wall. 555
Wigktiana, Wall. . 559
Meliace^ .... 540
Melianthus, Tourn. . 697
hitnalayanus, Wall. 698
major, Linn. . . 698
Melicocca pubescent,
DO 681
trijuga, Juss. . .681
Melicope, Forst. . .491
? Helferl, H. f. . . 492
indica, Wight . .492
tetrandra, Roxb. . .491
Melie^ 540
Melochia, Linn. . . 373
affinis, Wall. . . .374
concatenata. Wall. . 374
corchorifo]ia,Zzrin. . 374
corchorifolia, Wall. . 374
paucijlora, Wall. . 374
pyramidata, Linn. . 374
supina, Linn. . .374
truncata, Willd. . 374
truncata, Wall. . . 322
velutina, Bedd. . .374
Melodorum, Dun. . . 78
bicolor, IT. f. c£r T. . 80
cylindricum, Maing. 80
elegans, H. f.& T., 82
fulgens, H. f&T.. 82
Griffithii, H. /. 6a T. 80
KeMii, H. f. & T. . 82
lanuginosum, U, f.
<k T. .... 79
latifolium, Dun. . 79
Maingayi, B. f. d; T. 80
manubriatum, If.f.
&T. 79
mollissimum, Miq. . 79
pisocarpum, H. f.
d:T 82
polyanthum, H. f.
&T 81
prismaticum, H. f.
<i: T. «1
rubiginosum, ff. f.
<k T. .... 79
rufinerve, ^. /. <fc r. 81
verrucosum, H. f. d:
T. 80
Wallichii, ^. /. ^ r. 81
Melothrix zeylanica,
Keen 662
MENISPKRMACEiE . . 94
Menispermum acumi-
natum, Lamk. . 99
coccuius, Linn. . . 98
cordifolium, Willd. . 97
Page
crispum, Linn. . . 96
* fenestratum, Gaertn. 99
heteroclitum, Roxb. 98
hirsutum, Linn. . .101
laurifolium, Roxb.. 101
malabaricum, Lamk.* 96
myosotoides, Linn. . 101
orbiculatum, Linn. . 104
peltatum, Lamk. . 104
polycarpum, Roxb. . 99
radiatuniy Lamk. . 99
tomentosum, Roxb. . 96
triandrum, Roxb. . 100
tuberculatum,LsLmk . 96
verrucosum, Roxb. . 96
villosum, Lamk. . .101
villosum, Roxb. . .102
Mesua, Linn. . . . 277
coromandelianaf
Wight . . . .277
ferrea, Linn. . . .277
? lepidota, T. And. . 278
Nag ana, Gardn. . 277
nervosa, PI. & Tr. . 277
pedunculata, Wight 277
pulchella, PI. & Tr. 277
RoxburgUi, Wight . 277
salicina, PI. & Tr. . 277
sclerophylla, Thw. . 277
singaporiana. Wall. 276
speciosa, Chois. . .277
speciosa, var., Thw. 278
Thwaitsii, PI. d- Tr. 278
WalJc€nana,?l kTr. 277
Michelia, Linn. ... 42
aurantiaca, Wall. . 42
Cathcartii,^./. db T. 42
Champaca, Linn. . 42
Doldsopa, Ham. . 42
excelsa, B^. ... 43
glauca, Wight . . 44
Kisopa, Ham. . . 43
lactea, Wall. ... 43
lanuginosa, Wall. . 43
macrophylla, Don . 41
nilagirica, Zenk. , 44
oblonga, Wall. . . 43
ovalifolia, Wight . 44
Pulneyensis, Wight. 44
punduana, H. f. & T. 43
Meedii, Wight . . 42
rujinervis, DC. . . 42
velutina, DC. . . 43
Walkeri, Wight. . 44
Microchlcena flavescens,
Garcke ... .371
quinquelocularis, W.
& A 371
Page
Microcos mala, Ham. 393
paniculata, Linn. . 393
Stauntoniana, G. Don 393
tomentosa, Sm. . . 393
Microkena spectabilis,
Wall 371
Micromelum, Bl. . . 501
hirsutum, Oliv. . . 502
pubescens, Bl. . .501
Microtropis, Wall.. . 613
bivalvis, Wall. . .614
coriacea, Wall. . . 625
densiflora, Wight . 614
discolor, Wall. . .614
latifolia, Wight . .613
? longifolia,WsL\l. 613, 625
microcarpa, Wight . 614
ovalifolia, Wight . 614
ramiflora, Wight . 613
Wallichiana, Wight .613
Miliusa, Leschen. . . 86
indica, Leschen. . . 86
macrocarpa, H.f. & T. 86
montana, Gardn. . . 86
nilagirica, Bedd. . 87
Roxburghiana, £[. f.
(&T. .... 87
velutina, JI. f. & T. 87
Wallichiana, H. f.
& T 87
Wightiana, ^./. c&r. 87
zeylanica, Gard. . . 87
MinusEiE .... 47
Milnea apiocarpa,Thw. 555
edulis, Roxb. . .556
Roxburghiana, W.
& A. . . • . . 555
Roxburghii, Wight . 555
Miquelia, Meissn. . . 593
assamica, Bl. . . 593
dentata, Bedd. . .593
? gibba, Baill. . . 594
Kleinii, Meissn. . . 593
Mischocarpus suma-
tranus, Bl. . . 679
sundaicus, Bl. . .678
Mitrephora, Bl. . . 76
? excelsa, E. f. & T. 77
grandiflora, Bedd. , 78
Heyneana, Thw. . 77
Maingayi, Zf./.c&T. 77
obtusa, Bl. . . . 76
reticulata, iT. /. tfe r. 77
tomentosa, H. f. <b T. 76
MiTRBPHOREJt ... 46
Moacurra gelonioides,
Roxb 570
Modeccopsis vaga, Griff. 578
726
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
Molina racemomt
Lamk 418
MoliniEa canescenSf
Roxb 671
Mollia corymhoaa^
WillJ 245
spadicea, Willd. . . 245
Monetia tetracantha,
Don 425
Monocera * ellipticay
Turcz.
fer^'ugineus, Wight 406
ferrucjinea^ Jack. . 409
ylandulifera, Hook. 407
Griffithii, C. Miill. . 407
Oiiffithii, Wight. . 408
t holopetala, Turcz. . 408
+ macrocera, Turcz. . 405
Munroii, Wight . . 407
petiolata, Jack. . . 408
Roxhurghii, Wight. 405
tMbinttgerHmcL, Miq. 405
trichanthera, Griff. . 408
tuberciUata,yf. &,A. 405
Walkerii, Wi^ht. . 406
Monoceras leucobotrynm,
Miq 407
petiolatum, Miq. . 40 8
Monoci/clis robusta.
Wall 665
Monoporandra, Thn, . 316
cord i folia, Thw. . < 317
elegans, Thw. . .317
Monosoma littorata,
GriflF. . . . .567
Monsonia, Linn . . 427
chumbalensis, Wight 427
heliotropioides, Cav. 428
Lawiana, Stocks. . 427
mallica, Edgw. . . 428
senegalensis, Guill.
& Perr. . 427, 435
Moricandia, DC. . .158
arvensis, DC. . . 158
tortuosa, U. f. dj T. 158
Moulinda cupanioides,
Camb 672
rubiginosa, G. Don . 672
Munnicksia, Dennstd. 196
Murray a, Linn. . .502
brevifolia, Thw. . . 503
Bi^rmanni, Spr. . .^^504
elongata, A. DC. .'503
exotica, Linn. . .502
Page
exotica, Thw. . .503
eaodca. Reinw. . . 564
Glenieii, Thw. . . 503
Koenigii, Spr. . . 503
paniculata, Jack. . 503
sumatrana, Roxb. . 503
Munronia, Wight . .542
neilgherrica, Wight 543
pumila, Wight . .543
Wallichii, Wight . 543
Myricaria, Desv. . . 249
bractcata, Royle . . 250
elegans, Royle . . 250
germanica, Desv. . 250
i/f/^mnVcW, Klotzsch 250
pruslrata, Benth. &
H. f. .... 250
vaginata^ Desv. . .249
Myristica Finlay-
toniana, Wall. . 82
M yxospermum chylo-
carpum, Rcem. . 500
Naravelia, DC. . . . 6
Finlaysoniana^'^dW. 7
laurifolia, Wall. . . 7
zeylanica, DC. . . 7
Naregamia, W. dc A. . 642
alatA, W.AsA. . . 642
dentata, Miq. . .542
Nasturtium, Br. . .133
heterophylluoi, Don . 133
indioura, DC. . . 134
madagascariense, W.
&A. 134
montanum, Wall. . 134
officinale, Br. . .133
palustre, DC. . .133
tfrrcstre, Br. . . . 133
Natsiatum, Ham. . . 596
gamosepalum, Griff. 695
berpeticura. Ham. . 595
oppositi folium, PI. . 696
Neerija dichotoma^
Roxb 623
Neesia, Bl 352
synandra, Mast. . .352
Neldmbie^ .... 113
Nelurnbiuin, Juss. . .115
asiaticum, Rich.. . 116
«peciosum, Willd. . 116
N<du,mbo indica, Poir. 116
Nemedra Nimmoniif
Dalz 561
Page
Nephelium, Linn. . . 686
bengalense, G. Don. . 689
bifoliolatum, Thw. . 684
costatum, Hitrn . . 688
dimocarpuSy Hb.
Ind. Or. ... 688
duriocarpus, T. And. 688
echinatum, Noronh. 687
erectum, Thw. . . 683
eriopetalum, Miq. . 689
eximium, Thw. . .691
fuscatum, Thw. . . 682
Gardneri, Thw. . . 690
glabrum, Noronh. . 687
Griffifhiana, Kurz . 687
hypoleucum, Kurz . 689
lappaceum, Linn. , 687
Lit-chi, Camb. . . 687
Longana, Camb. . .688
? Miiingayi, FJiem . 688
malaiense. Griff. . 689
mora, Gardn. . . 689
mutai)ile, Bl. . . 686
Noronhianuru.CamJ. 686
pupillum, Wight . 689
rimogum, G. Don . 690
rul)escens, Hiern , 688
rubrum, G. Don . .684
simplicifolium, Th w. 683
stipulaceum, Bedd. . 690
vanahile, Wall. . .691
verticillatum, G.Don 684
xerocarimm, Camb. 686
Nqthroica mollis, Miera 102
Neslia, Desv. . . .164
paniculata, Desv. . 164
XNeuroloma nudicaule,
DC 131
icapirjerum, DC. . .131
Niebubria, DC. . . . 171
areuaria, DC. . .171
linearis, DC. . . .171
oblongi folia, Royle . 171
Nima quassioides,
. Ham. mss. . . .520
Nimmonia Lawii,
Wight . . . .661
Niota Lamarckiana,
Bl 519
lucida, Wall. . . .519
pcntapetala, Poir. . 519
tetrapetala, Lamk. . 519
Norisca mysorcnsis,
Wight .... 253
A synonym of Elseocarpus varunua. Ham., omitted in text.
f Incorrectly quoted as of Zollinger in text.
$ Hot NeurUooM, as quoted at p. 131.
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
727
Page
Notoceras, Br. . . .140
Citiiariense, Br. . .140
hispunicum, DC. . 140
NothocMestis sumatrana,
Miq 622
Nj^mphaea, Linn. . .114
alba, Linn . . .114
Cachemiriana, Camh. 114
cyanea, Roxb. . .114
I) evoniens is, Hook. . 114
E'1 gewortliii, Lehm. 114
edulu, DC. . . .114
Hooherlana, Lehm. 114
lotus, Linn. . . .114
Nelumho, Linn. . .116
punctata, Edgw. . 114
pubescens, Willd. . 114
pygmasa, Ait. . .115
rubra, Roxb. . .114
sagittata, Edgw. . 114
ste\\a,ta,,WiUd. . .114
stellata, Willd. (W.
& A.) ... . 114
versicolor, Roxb. . 114
Nymph^ace^ . . . 113
NYMPHEiB .... 113
Ocbanostachys, Mast. . 676
amentacea, Mast. . . 577
Ochna, Linn. . . . 523
andamanica, Kurz . 524
? brevipes, Planch. . 525
collina, Edgw. . . 524
cordata, Thw. . . 524
crocea, Griff. . . .525
fruticulosa, Kurz . 524
Heyneana, W. & A. 524
hmnilis, Wall. . . 524
lucida, Lamk. . , 523
Moonii, Thw. . . 524
nana. Ham. . . . 524
nitida, Thunb. . . 523
nitida. Wall. . . .524
ohtmata, DC. . . 523
, panrijiora. Griff. . .524
parvifolia, Vahl ? .524
pumila, Ham. . . 524
rufescens, 1 Thunb. 523
squarrosa, Linn. . 523
tquarro&a, Kurz . 524
stipulacea, ? Colebr, 624
Walkerii, Planeh. . 524
Wallachii, Planch. . 524
Wightiana, Wall. . 524
zeylanica, Lamk. , 525
OCHNAOK.B .... 523
OCHNE.E 523
Ochradenus, Del. . . 182
Page
baccatus, Del. . .182
Ochrocarpus, Thenars . 270
longifolius, Benfh. . 270
siamensis, T. And. . 270
Olack^ 573
Olacin^ 672
Olax, Linn 574
acuminata, Wall. . 576
Bador, Ham. . . 575
Beyneaita,Weil\. 576, 586
imbricata, Roxb. . . 575
longifolia, Wall. 576, 5SQ
lucida, Heyne . . 675
merguensis, Planch. 576
nana, WalL . . .576
psittacoruin, Vahl . 575
scandens, Roxb. . . 575
? sumatrana, Miq. . 582
Wightiana, Wall. . 575
, zeylanica, Linn. . . 576
zeylanica, Wall, . .675
Oleoxyloji balsami-
ferum, Wall. . . 298
Oligomeris, Camb. . .181
glaucescens, Camb. . 181
Opilia, Roxb. . . . 583
acuminata, Wall. . 683
amentacea, Roxb. . 583
amentacea, Wall. . 582
javanica, Miq. . . 684
odorata, Spr. . .554
Opilie^ 673
Oraoma canarana,
Turcz .... 560
Ornitrophe allophyllus,
Pers .... 673
aporetica, Roxb. . 674
asiatica, Hort. . .674
(7o&6e, Willd. . . 673
glabra, Roxb. . . 674
malabarica, Hb,
Madr 674
Schmiedelia, Pers. . 674
serrata, Roxb. . . 674
villosa, Roxb. . .674
Orophea, Bl. . . . 90
acumioata, A. DO. . 91
Brhiidisn,!!. f.dkT. 91
coriacea, Thw. . . &3
enterocarpa, Maing.
mas 9'2
erythrocarpa, Bedd. 91
Heyneana^H.f.^T. 77
? oUiqna, H. f. & T. 93
polycarpa, A, DC. . 91
Thomsoni, Bedd. . 91
uniflora, H. f. d; T. 90
zeylanica, i/, /.<& r. 90
&
365
426
435
436
436
438
436
438
437
436
Page
Otonychium imbria-
cum, Bl. . . . 692
Otophora, Bl. . . . 680
erythrocalyx, Hiern 680
fmticosa, Bl. . . 680
paucijuga, Hiern . 6«0
Ottilis zeylanica, Gaertn. 667
Oudemansia integer-
rima, Miq.
OXALIDEiE .
Oxalis, Linn.
Acetosella, Linn.
corniculata, Linn,
gracilenta, Kurz,
Griffithii, Edwg.
H.f. . .
Metziana, Miq.
Petersii, Klotzsch
pusilla, Sallsb. .
Reinwardtii, Zucc.
437, 438
repens, Thunb. . .436
sensitiva, Zucc. . . 437
sensitiva, Linn, . .438
sensitivum, Hb, Wight 439
sessilis, Ham. . .437
Oxycarpus gangetica,
Ham 262
Oxygraphis, Bange . 21
glacialis, Bunge . . 21
polypetala, //,/, cfcT. 21
Oxyraitra, Bl. . . . 70
affinis, B. f. <lsT. . 70
filipes, H.f. &T. . 71
fornicata, if. /. c& r. 71
glaiica, i/./.ct-r. . 71
latifolia, H. f. cfc T. 70
Maclellandii, H. f.
dkT. .... 70
macrophylla, A, DC, 73
stenopetala, H. f.
<kT 71
unonaefolia, H.f. &T. 71
Pacbygone, Miers .
adversa, Miers .
concinna, Miers .
odorifera, Miers .
ovata, Miers .
Plukenetii, Miers
Pachyqone.«: . .
Paeonia, Linn. . ,
emodi, Wall.. .
ojficinalis, H. f. &
P^ONIEJE . . .
Pangie^ ....
Papaver, Linn. . .
amanumy LindL
. 105
. 105
. 105
. 105
. 105
, 105
. 95
. 30
. 30
?. 30
. 2
. 189
. 116
. 117
72S
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONyMS.
Page
Argemone, Linn. . 117
dubium, Linn. . .117
glahrum, Royle . .117
hybridum, Linn. . 117
nudicaule, Linn. . 117
oriental ft, Linn. . .117
paniculatum^ Don . 119
Khoeas, Linn. . .117
simplicifoliut/i^ Don. 1 1 8
soraniferum, Linn, .117
Papaveraok^ . . . 116
Papeda Rumphii^ Cat.
Hort. BoR. . . .515
Parabaena, Miers . . 95
ferruginea, Miers . 96
hfteropki/lla, Miers. 96
olerarea, Miers . . 96
sagittata, Miers . . 96
Paracelastrus bivalviSf
Miq 614
Paramigyna. Wight . 509
arinata, Oliv. . ,511
citrifolia, //. /. . .510
rifrifolia, Oliv. . . 510
grandiflora, Oliv. . 510
Griffithii. H. f. . . 510
• longispina, ZT, /. . 511
monophylla, Wight . 510
Parartabotrys sumO'
trana, Miq. . . 83
Parashorea stellata,
Kurz 304
hvgispermfu, Kurz. . 308
ParUium gangeticum,
Don 845
tiliaceum, W. k A.. 343
tricuspe, G. Don . 344
Paronychia subidataf
Lamk 245
Parrya, Br. ... 131
exscapa, ^fey. , ,131
lanuginosa,/)./. cfeT'. 132
macrocarpa, Br. . .131
platycarpa, /^./.(fcr. 131
Parvatia, Dene. . . .108
Brunoniana, Dene. . 108
Patonia parti folia,
Wight .... 84
Walkeri, Wight . . 84
Paullinia asiatiea, L. 497
Pavia, see JEsculus . 675
Pavonia, Cav. . , . 330
acerifolia, Lk. & Otto 338
arabica, Ilochst. . . 331
ceratocarpa, Dalz. . 331
glechomifolia, A . Rich. 330
grewioides, Hochst. . 332
odorata, Willd. . .331
Paije
procunibens, Boiss. . 330
propinqua, Garcke . 332
repanda, Spr. . . 330
Rombrua, Wall. . 331
rosea. Wall. . . .331
sidoides, Horn. , .331
zeylanica, Cav. . . 331
Peganum, Linn. . .486
Harmala, Linn. . . 486
Pelargonium grossula-
rioides .... 435
Pentace, Ifassk. . .381
burmannica, Kurz. . 381
triptera, 3fast. . . 382
Pentacme siamensis,
A. DC 304
tuavis, A. DC. . .304
Pentaglottis suberifolia,
Wall 369
Pentahha ? bengalensis,
Wall 186
macrophylla, Wall. 187
xyUtniea, Am. . . 187
Pentapetes, Linn. . .371
aceri/olia, Cav. . . 368
plioeuicea, Linn.. . 371
sxdjeri/olia, Linn. . 367
tomeniosa^ Wall, (for
Pentaglottis tomen-
tosa) 373
Peraphora robusta,
Miers .... 105
Pereira inedica, Lindl. 99
Penandra ccespitosa^
Camb 243
Pericarapylus, Miers . 102
incanus, Miers . .102
Peripterygium quinque-
lobuni, Hassk. . 597
Phicanthus, //. /. <fc T. 72
maiabaricus, ifecW. . 70
nutans, //./. d- T. . 70
Pliarnaceum deprcssum,
Linn 245
Philagonia fraxinifoUa,
Hook 490
procera, DC, . . .490
? sambucina, BI. . . 490
Phlebocalymna, Griff. . 589
Griffithiana, Mast. . 590
Lobbiana, Mast. . . 590
Phoberos acuminatuSj
Thw 191
Arnottianus, Thw. . 191
crenatm, W. & A. . 191
Hooherianus, Thw. . 191
lanceolatus, Vf . k A. 191
macrophyllus,W.&,A. 190
P«pe
Rhinavthera, Benn. 190
Roxburghii, Benn. . 190
Wight ian i«, W . & A . 191
Physorhyncus, Hook. . 165
brahvicus, Hook. . 165
chanKBrapistrum,
Boiss 165
Phytocrene, Wall. . .591
bracteata, Wa/l. . .592
calliearpa. Griff. . 591
gigantea, Wall. . . 591
macrocarpa, (iJriff. . 592
oblonga, Wall. . . 592
palmata, Wall. . .692
styloearpa, GriflF. . 592
PnYTOCKENKiB . . . 573
PiCKAMHIE* . . . 517
Picrasma, Bl. . . . 520
andamanica, Kun . 520
javanica, HL . . . 520
nepalensis, Benn. . 620
quassioides, Benn. . 520
Pierotia Itceida, Bl. . 416
Pilotriehum canescens,
C. A. Mey. . . 141
elongat um, C. A . Mey .141
Piptosylis indica, Dalz. 505
PiTTOSPORE-B . . . 197
Pittosporura, Banks . 197
Ceylanicura, Wight . 199
dasycaulon, Miq. . 199
? demifloritm, PutterL 199
eriocarpuin, 7i''*y/e . 199
ferrugineuin, Ait. . 199
ferra(jinev,m,V\xiie:v\. 200
floribiindum. W.d:.A. 199
glabratum, Lindl. . 198
humile, //. /. <t- T.. 193
nilghirense, W. <t A. 198
Rumphii, Putterl. . 200
tetraspermum, W.
&A 198
Pityranthe, Thw. . . 382
verrucosa, Thw. . . 382
Plagiopteron, Griff. . 399
fragrans. Griff. . . 399
Plagiotaxis Chickrawia,
Wall 568
grandiflora, Wall. . 552
veluiina. Wall. . . 568
Platea axillaris, Thw. 586
GrijHthiana, Miers . 590
Lobbiana, Miers . . 590
Wightiana, Miers . 586
Platynema laurifolium,
W. & A. . . . 418
Pleurostylia, Wight . 617
^ej/na, W. & A. . 6l7
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
729
Page
Wightii, W.d;A. . 6i7
Ploiarium elegans,
Korth 294
Pceciloneuron, Bedd. . 278
indicum, Bedd. . . 278
pauciflorum, Bedd. . 278
Podopbyllurn, Zmw. . 112
emodi. Wall. . .112
hexandrum, Royle . 112
Polanisia burtporensis,
Munro .... 169
chelidonii, DC. . .170
dodecandra, DC. . 170
felina, DC. . . .170
heterophylla. Wall. . 1 70
icosandra,W.&A. . 170
Leschenaultii, DC. . 170
Schraderi, DC. . . 170
siviplicifolia, Camb. 169
viscosa, DC. . . .170
Polyalthia, Bl. . . . 62
? aberrans, Maing. . 67
acuminata, Thw. . 63
argentea, H. f. <& T. 67
bifaria, Benth <kH.f. 62
biglandulosa, Benth.
& H.f. ... 65
cardiopetala, Dalz. . 75
cauliflora, H.f.<kT. 66
cerasoides, Benth. <b
H.f. . . . . 6d
cinnamomea, H. f.
(k T. . . . . J35
coffeoides, Benth. cfc
if./. .... 62
costata, H. f. d; T. . 67
fragrans, Benth. d;
/f./. .... 63
fruticans, A. DC. . 51
hypoleuca, H:f. d; T. 63
Jenkinsii, Benth. <Se
H.f. .... 64
Korinti, Benth. &
H.f. .... 64
longifolia, Benth. de
U.f. .... 62
macrophylla, H. f.
d' T. . ... 66
macrophylla, Bl. . 74
magnolijeflora, Main. 64
Moonii, Thw. . . 66
nitida, Benth. d; H.f. 64
obliqua, H. f. ds T. 67
persicaefolia, Benth.
d:n.f. ... 66
rufescens, H.f. d: T. 66
sclerophylla, H. f. de
T. 65
Page
simiarum, Benth. Js I
^. /..... 63 !
suberosa, Benth. ds
H.f .... 65
Polycarpaea, Lamh. . 246
corymbosa, Lamh. . 245
densi flora, Wall. . 245
diffusa, W.d: A. . 245
indica, Lamk, . ,245
spadicea, Lamk. . 245
spicata, W. <& -4 . . 246
staticceformis, Ilochst.
& Sieud. . . . 246
POLYCARPE^ . . . 213
Polycarpon, Linn. . . 244
Benthamii, Wall. . 245
depressa, DC. . .245
lanuginosa, Wall. . 245
Lcedingise, Benth. ds
H.f . . . . 245
Polygala, Linn. . .200
abyssinica, Fresen. . 2u2
arillata. Ham. . .200
Arnottiana, Steud. 204
Arnottiana, Hassk. 207
arvensis,^i\\A. . .204
brachystachya, DC. . 204
brachystachya, Bl. . 204
Buchanani, Ham. . 203
buxiformis, Hassk. . 205
campestris, Dalz. . 203
canarana, Hassk. . 207
ceylanica, Heyne . 201
chinensis. Linn. . . 204
ciliata, Hb. Wight . 204
ciliata, Linn. . . 207
confusa, Hassk. . . 203
crotalarioides, Ham. 201
densiflora, Bl. . . 206
depauperata, Wall. . 206
discolor, Ham. . .202
elegans, Wall. . .205
elongata, Klein . . 203
erioptera, L>C. . . 203
eumekes, Hassk. . .204
exigua, Hassk. . . 204
furcata, Royle . .201
Gerardiana, Wall. . 202
glabra, Heyne . . 204
ylaucescens. Wall. . 201
glaucoides, Linn. . 203
glaucoides, Wight . 204
glomerata, Lour. . 206
glornerata, Thw, . . 205 i
grandiflora, Hb.
Wight . . . . 204 j
granulata, Hassk. . 203 i
Heyneana, Wall. . 205 ,
Page
hirsutula. Am. . .203
Hohenackeriana,
Fisch. de Mey. . 202
hypoglauca, Hassk. 203
h'yahna, Wall. . .201
japonica, Houtt. . 205
javana, DC. . . .201
Khasiana, Ilassk. . 205
Kleinii, Hassk. . . 204
leptalea, DC. . . 202
linarifolia, Willd. . 206
linarifolia, Heyne . 204
macrolophos, Hassk. 205
macropetala, Hassk. 206
macrostachya, Hassk. 204
monopetala, Camb. . 205
multibracteata,
Wall 204
myrsinites, Royle . 205
obtusata, DC. . . 203
oligophylla, DC. . 202
pedunculosa, Thw. . 205
persicariae folia, DC. 202
procumbens, lioxb. . 206
procumbens, Roxb. . 204
prostrata, Willd. . 204
ramosa, Hb. Wight. 204
rosmarinifolia, W.dh 204
A 204
Rothiana, W. & A. . 204
scabra, Edgw. . , 202
serpyllifolia, Poir. . 205
sibirica, Linn. . . 205
telephioides, Willd. 205
tinctoHa, Vahl . .201
tomentosa, Vahl . 203
Tran q uebarica,
Wight . . . .204
Tran quebarica,
Mart 204
triflora, Oliv. . . 203
triflora, Hassk. . . 204
triflora, Linn. . .204
triphylla, Ham. . 201
umbrosa, Mart. . . 206
Vah liana, DC. . . 203
varians, Mart. . . 206
vulgaris, Thunb. . 205
Wallichiana, Wight 203
Wightiana, Wall. . 203
Polyspora axillaris,
Chois. . . . _. 282
Pomaderris capsularis,
Q. Don . . .642
Pometia, J. R. & G.
Forst 691
eximia, H.f. (Bedd.) 691
tomentosa, Kurz . 691
730
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
temata, G. Forst.
674, 691
Popowia, Endl. ... 68
Beddomeana, H. f.
dsT. .... 68
foetida, Maing. . . 69
UftUeri, H. f. d; T. . 69
nervifolia, Maing. . 69
pauciflora, Maing. . 69
ramosissima, JI. f.
ik T. .... 68
ramosissima, Bedd. 68
tomentosa, Maing. . 70
Portulaca, Linn. . ,246
cristfUa, Ham. . .247
foliosa, Ker. . .247
geniculata, Royle . 247
lavis, Ham. . . . 246
meridiana, Linn. . 247
napiforviis, F. MueH. 247
oleracea, Linn. . .246
pilosa, Hb. Madr. . 247
quadrifida, Linn. . 247
sufFruticosa, Wight . 247
snffvuticosa, Thw. . 246
tul)ero8a, lioxb. . .247
"Wiyhtiana, Wall. . 247
PORTULACEJ! . . . 246
Prinos cymosa, Hassk. ft05
spicafa, Miq. . . 698
Protium, W d; A. . . 630
caudatum, W.t(:A, 630
gihadensc, W. & A. 630
pul)escens, W. d- A. 630
Roxhurghiana, W.&A.630
Pseudehretia umbel-
lata, Turcz. . . 604
Pseuduvaria reticulata^
Miq. .... 77
Pteleoearpa, Oliv. . , 691
malacceusis, Oliv. . 691
Pteridophyllum deci- '
piens, Thw. . . 639
Pterisanthes, Bl. . . 663
cissoides, £1. . . 664
helerautba, Griff. . 664
pedata, Laws. . . 664
polita, Miq. . . . 663
Pterocyrnbium javani-
cum, Br. . . .362
Pterospermum, Schreb. 366
acerifolium, WUld. . 368
acerifolium, ZoU. &
Moric 367
aceroides, Wall. . 368
canescens, Roxb. . . 367
diversifolium, Bl. . 3«)7
glabrescens, W. d:A. 369
Page
Heyneanum, Wall. . 369
Jackianum, Wall. . 367
lanceaefolium, Roxb. 368
/yrtipmnam, Nimmo . 369
oblongitm, Wall. . . 367
obtusifolium, Wight 369
reticulatum, W. dbA. 369
rubiginosum, Heyne 368
semisagittatum, //«/». 36S
suberifolium, Lamk. 367
suberifolium, Willd. 369
Pterygola, alata, Br. . 360
alata, Thw. . . .361
Roxhurghii, Schott
& Endl. . . .360
Pycnarrhena, Miers . 105
mecistop/iytfa, Miers 1U6
planijlora, H.f. &T. 106
pleniflora, Miers ^ 106
Pyramtdanthe inifa,
Miq 81
Pyrenaria, fit. . . .289
acuminata, Planch. 290
attenuata, Seem. . 290
barringtouia^folia,
Seem 290
camelliwflora, Kurz. 290
Pyrospermum calophylr
lum, Miq. . . . 622
Quinio cocculoides,
Schlechtd. . .
101
Rahcnoulace* . .
. 1
Kanunoulbji . .
1
iianuuculus, Linn.
16
acrifi, Linn. . .
. 19
atiinis, Br. . .
18
amoeiius, Ledeb. .
. 18
aquatilis, Linn. .
. 16
aquatilisy Don .
16
arvensis, Linn. .
20
attenuatus, Royle
. 18
auricrrmus, Linn.
19
brevirostriSf Kdgw.
19
bulbosits, Linn. .
. 21
mbulicus, Boiss.
20
ca'spitosits. Wall.
. 18
chaeroj>byllo8, Linn.
18
chi7ien8is, Bunge
19
chooreiisis, Royle
. 18
Cyuibalariae, Tursh.
17
dahuricus, Turcz.
. 18
diffusus, DC. .
19
diistans, Royle .
. 19
falcatus, Linn. .
. 16
Jibrosus, Wall. .
19
flaccidus, H. f. <k T
20
Page
Flammula, Don . 17
geranioides, Bl. . . 19
glabratus, Royle . 18
hastatuSj Walk. . . 17
birtellus, Royle . . 18
hydrocotyloides,
Wall 19
hyperboreus, Rotlb. 18
kyperboreiu, H. f .
& T 18
indicus, Roxb. . . 19
javanicus, Bl. . . 17
laetus, Wall. . . 19
Lingua, Linn. . . ]6
lobatus, Jacq. . . 17
longica ulis. C. A. May . 1 7
mcmbranaceus, Royle 17
mollis, Wall. ... 19
muricatus, Linn. . 20
napaulensis, DC. . 19
nutans, C. A. Mey. 18
nepheh genes, Edgw. 17
ner casus, Royle . .18
nivalis, Linn. . . 19
obtectus, Wall. . . 19
ptdatitidus, Sm. . 18
jjedatijidus, Ledeb. 18
pennsylvanicus, Linn. 19
pimpindloides, Don 14
piniiatus Wight . 20
poiypetalus, Royle . 21
pulchellus, C. A. Mey. 17
P^rahii, Hook. . . 18
pygma'us, Vahl. . . 18
radicuns, H. f. & T. 18
radicans, C . A Mey. 1 8
reniformis. Wall. . 16
riparius, Edgw. , . 19
sagiitifolius, Hook,. 17
salsuginosus. Wall. . 17
sals^iginosus, Don. . 17
sceleratus, Linn. . 19
subpinnatus, W . & A. 19
trilobatus, Don . .19
tuberculatus, DC. . 20
vestitas. Wall. . . 21
x'itifhUus, Royle . 19
Wallichianus, lF.<t-4. 20
Raphane^ .... 130
Raphanus, Linn. . . 166
caudatus, Linn. . 166
Raphanistrum, Linn. 1 ^Q
sativijs, Linn. . . 166
Ratonia Lessertiana,
Benth. & H. f. .678
Reevesia, Lindl. . . 363
pubtscens, Ma^t. . 364
Wallichii, Br. . .364
IXDE
) viHA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
731
Reinwnrdtia, Dumort.
Aucheri, Boiss. . .181
bracteata, Boiss. . 181
nilgherrensis, J.
Mull 181
oligandra, Edgw. . 181
pruinosa, Del. . .181
EesEdack^ .... 180
Retinodendron lancecB-
folium, Korth. . 302
Bhamnea ? diospyri-
folia, Wall. . . 642
? lucida, Wall. . ' .641
RHAMNEiE .... 629
Ruainnus, Linn. . . 638
acuminata, Colebr. 642
Arnottianus, Gardn. 638
circumscissus, Linn.f. 641
dahuricus, Pall. . 639
Miformis, Roth. . 641
? glahratus, Hb.
Heyne 636
globosus, Bunge . . 639
hirsutus, W. & A. . 639
Jujuba, Linn. . . 632
lineatus, Linn. . . 638
lucidus, Roxb. . .641
myrtinios, Burm. . 641
Napeca, Linn. . . 635
nipalensis, Wall. . 640
nummularia, Burm. 633
(Enoplia, Linn. . 634
parvi4orus, Klein . 641
parvifolius, Turcz. . 639
persicus, Boiss. . . 638
polymorphus, Turcz. 639
procuoibens, tdgw. 640
purpureus, Edgw. . 639
rupestris, Royle . . 640
theezans, Linn. . .641
trigynus, Don . .641
triqueter, Wall.. . 639
virgaius, Roxb. . . 639
WigMii, W.dhA. .639
xylopyrus, Retz . 634
Rhaptomeris Burmanni
Miers .... 104
Bhesa Moja, Ham. . 622
paniculata. Am. .622
Rhm Cobbe, Linn. . 673
decipiens, W. & A. . 540
fraxlnifolium, Don 490
Page
Riid'iia concatenata,
DC 374
nrifoUa, DC. . 374
>a, DC. . . . 374
f'dia, DC. . . 374
"ta, W. & A. . 374
zeylanica. Am. 512
Ropalopetalum uni-
florum. Griff. . . 55
Roucheria, Planch. . 413
Griffithiana, P^aracA. 414
Roumea htbecarpa,
Gardn 195
Roxburghia baccata.
Keen 575
Roydsia, Roxb. . . 180
floribanda. Planch. 409
obtusifolia, B. f & T.
180, 409
parviflora, (rr^f. 180, 409
suaveolens, Roxb. . 180
Ruta, Linn. . . .485
albiflora. Hook. . 486
angustifolia. Pars. . 485
chalepensis. Wall. . 485
graveolens, Linn. . 485
japonica, Sieb. . . 486
tuberculata, ForsJc. . 485
RuTACB.^ .... 484
RuTEiE 484
Saccopektum, Benn. . 88
longi^oram, H. f. <S: T. 88
? sclerocarpuoi, M. f.
ST. . . . .88
tomentosum, H. f.
& T 88
Scelanthus guadragonus,
Forsk 646
Sa^eraa Dalzellii^
Bedd 93
ellipUca, H. f. & T. . 92
laurina, Dalz. . . 93
Thwaitesii, H. f.
& T 92
Segeretia, Brongn. . 641
Brandrethiana,^i<cA. 642
corymbosa, G, Don . 642
Jiliformis, G. Don . 641
hamosa, Brongn. , 641
oppositifolia,
Brougn. . , . 641
theezans, Brongn. . 641
theezans, Braudis . 642
Sagina, Linn. . . . 242
ammannioideSjW a\l. 251
Linnoei, Presl. . .243
procumbens, Linn. . 242
Page
saxatUis, Wimmer. 243
Salacia, Linn. . . . 625
Brunoniana, W.&A. 626
? chinensis, Linn. . 627
t cochinchinensisy
Lour. . . . .627
densijiora, Wall. . 629
diandra, Thw. . . 627
Finlaysoniiy WaU. . 627
flavescens, Kurz . 625
floribunda, Wight . 629
fruticosa, Heyne . 628
grand i flora, Kurz . 626
Gritfithii, Laws. . 628
laevigata, Wight . . 624
latifolia, Wall. . . 629
Lobbii, Laws. . . 626
longifolia, H.f. . . 626
longifolia, Wall. . 629
macrosperma, Wight 628
Maingayi. Laws. . 626
membranacea, Laws. 627
memecyloides, Wall. 628
multiflora, Wight .617
oblonga, Wall. . .628
oppositifolia, Rottl. 628
ovalis, Laws. . . 627
paniculata, Wall. . 6J4
podopetala, Turcz. . 626
pomifera, Wall. . . 628
pomifera, W.&A. 629
priuoides, DC. . . 626
reticulata, Wight . 627
Roxburghii, Wall. . 627
rubra, Laws. . .627
terminalis, Thw. . 624
verrucosa, Wight . 628
? viminea, Wall. .627
Wightiana, Wall. . 626
Salmalia malaJbarica,
Schott 349
Salomonia, Lour. . . 206
? angulata, Griff. . 207
aphylla, Griff. . . 207
canarana, Hassk. . 207
cantoniensis, Lour. . 206
oil lata, DC. . . .206
cordata, Arn. . . 206
edentula, DC. . . 207
? Horneri, Hassk. . 207
obovata, Wight . 207
oblongifolia, DC. . 207
lepiostachya. Wall. . 207
parasitica. Griff. . 207
petiolata. Ham. . . 207
? rigida, Hassk. . 207
sessiliflora. Ham. . 207
? 5efo«o-d/iaia, Hassk. 207
732
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
? stricta, Sieb. & Zucc. 207
subrotunda, Hassk. . 206
tenella, H. f. . . 207
? uncinata, Hassk. . 207
Sahadora p€rsica,W aXi. 582
Saiuadera, Gartii. . . 618
iudica, Ga'rtn. . .519
lucida, Gcertn. . .519
Sandoricum, Cav. . . 653
horneense, Miq, . .554
emargiuatum, Hiern 553
glaherrimum, Hassk. 653
iudicum, Cav. . . 553
Maingayi, Hiern . 544
nervosum, Bl. . . 553
ternatum, Blanco . 553
Santiria, Bl. ... 636
apiculata, A. W.
Benn 637
conferta, A. W. Benn. 637
costata, A. W. Benn. 637
fafeciculata, A. W.
Benn 639
laevigata, Bl. . . . 638
Maingayi, A. W.
Benn 538
multiflora, A . W.
Benn 638
Planchonii, A. W.
Benn 636
puberula, A . W.
Benn 637
Sapindacb^ .... 668
Sapindus, Plum. . . 682
abruptm, Lour. . . 683
ahstergem, Koxb. . 682
acuminata, Wall. . 684
acuhis, Roxb. . . 682
acutus, Wall. . . 685
adenophyllusy Wall. 677
altemifolius, Hb.
Ham 672
mtgmtifoiiuA, Wall. 685
atteuuatus, Wall. . 684
hoif/halcnsis, Roxb. . 689
bifoliolatua, Hiern . 684
hijugus, Wall. . » 671
Danura, Voight . . 684
"idejiciens, W. & A.. 671
deteryenSj Roxb. . . 683
delergens. Wall. . . 6>5
edulis. Ait. . . .687
edulis, Bl. ... 672
emarginata, Vahl . 682
erectus, Hiern . .683
fraxinifoliuSy DC. . 672
glabratm. Wall. . . QriQ
Ul€niii,'i:hw. . . 682
Page
indica, Poir. . . . 685
laurifolid, Vahl . . 682
lepidotus. Wall. . . 556
longif alius, Hb. Ham. 6 72
longi folia, Vahl . .685
mollis, Bl. ... 685
monogyna, Hb. Hey. 089
Mukorossi, 0(ertn. . 683
multijwjus, Wall. . 685
oboratus, W. & A. . 685
pinnatus, Roxb. . . 672
"i pinnatics, Mill. . 672
polyphyllm, Roxb. . 685
Bfirak, DC. . . .672
rubigiuosa, Roxb. . 672
saponaria, Lour. . 672
sqvutmosus, Roxb. . 676
tetraphylla, Vahl .671
Thwaitesii, Hiern . 683
travanrortusis, Wall. 532
trifoliatus, Linn. . 682
uiiijuga, Thw. . . 682
undid atus. Wall. . 685
Saponaria, Zi/m. . . 217
oxyodonta, Poiss. . 217
perfoliata, Roxb. .217
Vaccaria, Boiss. . 217
Vaccaria, Linn. . .217
Sarosanthtni lasiope-
tala, Thw. . . 283
Sarcostigma, W. db A. 594
edule, Kurz . . .594
Kleinii, W.d' A. . 594
Wallichii, Baill. . 694
Saurauja, Willd. . . 286
cerea, Oriff, . . . 288
crenulata, Wight . 291
fasciculata, W(dl. . 287
fasciculata var. ab-
breviata, Chois . 287
ferruginea, GriflF. . 288
Qriffithii, Hi/ei . . 286
teucojMoia, Korth. 287
macrotricha, Kurz . 287
media, Korth. . . 287
micrantha, OrifiF. . 288
Dapaulensis, l>C. . 286
paniculata, Wall. . 286
punduana, Wall , 287
Roxburghii, WaU. . 287
stcrculifoiia, Griff. . 288
tristyla, Willd. . . 287
Sauraujeje .... 279
Scapha Candolli,G)aois. 287
pinangiana, Chois. , 287
Scaphium Wallichii . 361
Schima, Reinw. . . 288
ereuata, Korth. . .289
Pajre
hypoglauca, Miq. . 2s9
khasiaua, Dyer . . ^89
mollis, Dyer . . .288
Wallichii, Choi^. . 289
Schiz^udra, Michx. . 44
axillaris, H. f. A T. 45
elongata, H. f. ,k T. 44
grandiflora, H. f. <k
T 44
propinqua, ^./. ofcT. 45
ScHlZANDREiE ... 39
Schizochiton ? Wall. . 551
Schleichera, Willd. . 681
peutapetala, Roxb.
678, 681
pubescens, Roth. . 681
trijuga, Willd. . . 681
trijuga, Moritz. 678, 681
Schmidelta acuminata^
Thw 673
adenophylla. Wall. . 674
Aporetica, Wall. . 674
Allophyllus, DC. . 673
bidevtuUi, Wall. . . 673
Cobbe, DC. ... 674
cochinckinensis, DC. 674
dcntata, Wall. . . 674
distac/iya, DC. . . 674
fcetidissima, Wall. . 674
Geniella, Camb. . . 674
glabra, Wall. . . 674
hispida, Thw. . . 673
integeiTima, Wall.
488, 674
Kobbe, Lamk. . . 674
orien talis, Sw. . .674
wnitrophioides,'^aX\. 674
racemosa, Linn. . . 674
Rhecdii, Wight . . 674
serrata, DC. . . . 674
temata, Camb. . . 674
timorensis, DC. . .674
varians, Thw. . .673
vestita, Wall. . . 674
villosa, Wight . . 674
Schoepfia, Schrtb. . .581
acuminata, Wall. . 582
fragrans. Wall. . .681
odorata. Wall. . . 581
Schrtberaalb€n8,WiM. 623
Sclerostylis Arnottiana,
Wight . . . .513
atalantioideSfW . & A. 508
atalanlioides, Wight 512
ovalifolia, Wight . 512
parvifolia, Wight .512
racemosa, Wight . 512
rotundifotia, Thw. . 513
VEV
SYNONYMS.
733
-, VJi'
-i^ 1
^■Uk^'
513!
er
513 <
'Wit'P. .
>> 1
190 j
indict, DC. .
V
191 ;
lavc^-'jlata, Ti
',
' , . ' • ^ -
191
Shorea, Roxb.
«';Y' ■;.>.■■
/■■' , ■ 'i '-,
101
acMunioata, iJ'j
>
191 1
assaraica. Dyer .
yUY
» ,.,
191
bracieolata, Dyer .
305
^
191
florr ■ '-'--
',04,
Clos.
101
191
gv
la,
ii!" .
;! ';ra, Clos. .
190
It;
• \'
Uj.ii, W(W. .
190
I.
'lice . . .
191
lis:..-)njn.i,, TUo-
' /
'leata, Sm.
497
hnqispenna, Roxb.
,;. 'S
-
640
n^,;.,.,-,.... - n.,r-
;■ ■ 1 S
U'> .
rongn
640
640 {
ob
ob
llir'.:-
,.,.,■ , .
640
F
}■ 1...'"
• '.Ui... J. ,
617
p,
, .,a, WigU. .
640
■-."7
' •: brtmiua,
, (joirf.n. . .
306'
/'),
531
\ TX;
804
";■ \ ; ■ . ■ 1
)um, Hifrn
675
305
im, Hie^ .
67 o
3oa
'/igalenil^,
&bncK.,\., DyoT . .
30<r-
689
Siamensis. Mia. .
. 304
. yo4
/ ■
■, 'i 'V .
Roxb. .
laia, Poxb>.
^i07
. 304
804
306
■v'- /
' '■'(in, li.*^:v"b. .
.87
^^ky'.-J fjehtandi'us,
Uoxb.
684
Wall. , . .
. 595
tr'j'i.
/./, I;u^l,,
68]
Sideroxylon spinosum
1
rcrt:
■,■"„, a, 1. -i
684
WilU. . . .
191
Vj, -.,;■- '
207
Sida, Linn. . . .
. 322
Benn.2(i%
. Ahitilm. Linn. .
. 327
i;a.
, acuta, Burm.
. 323
208
1 alba, Linn. . .
. 323
208
alnifolia, Linn. .
. 328
. 208
«^'-"-' •'■- Sw. .
. 324
. 208
? .-
. 328
. 424
.T.^- 'Tl. .
. 326
['Dciie.
. 424
O/titrncu. Wall .
. 32T
ceivMia,
«^>>(«, Wall. . .
. 328
K'.fitK-l .'• •
. 802
Sthere, L'Har. .
. 32e
,S^7<w /.
mrfinlatwri. Spr. 498
Bdiin i. Wall. .
. 823
Sor. ■
r-'"- ■• Willd.
. 828
. 201
I . / inn.
. 323*
/,
201
^ ■ u .
. 32^.
stik.
. 201
J • »
. 8291
i^, DC. IP:
all.
. 323
326
323
327
322
327
Page
crispa, Linn. . . 328
cuneifolia, ^oxh.d22,Z7i
diversifolia, Spr.
Eteromischos, Cav. .
glandulosa, Roxb. .
glauca, Cav, . .
glutinosa, Roxb.
graveolens, Roxb.
grewioides, Guill. <fc
Perr 323
Tierhacea, Cav. . . 324
heterophylla, Spr. . 336
Jiirta, Wall. . 322, 327
hirta, Lamk. . . . 327
humilis, Willd. . . 322
indica, Linn.
indica, Cav. . .
lanceolata, Roxb. . 323
Leschenaultiana, DC. 325
macrophylla, Wall. . 326
micans, Cav. . . . 324
microphylla, Cav. . 324
montana, Roxb.
morifolia, Cav. .
muUicaulis, Cav.
mutica, Delile
njysorensis. W.d: A
nervosa, Wall.
obovata. Wall. .
olens. Ham. . .
orientalis, Cav. .
oxijphylla, Wall.
pentacarpos, Roxb. . 324
periplocifolia, Linn. 325
persica, Burm, . . 326
philippica, DC. . . 324
pilosa, Retz . .
pilosa, L'Her.
polyandra, Roxb.
populifolia, Lamk.
? radicans, Cav. ,
radicans, Wall. .
ramosa, Cav.
retusa, Linn. . .
retusa, Wight
rhombifolia, Linn,
rhombifolia, Wall.
rhomboidea, Roxb.
rotundifolia, Cav.
scabrida, W. & A. . 324
Scbimperiana, Hochst. 322
scoparia, Lour. . . 323
spinosa, Linn. . . 323
Stauntoniana, DC. . 323
stipulata, Cav. . ,323
tenax, Ham. . . . 322
tomentosa, Roxb. . 327
unilocular is, L'Her. 322
326
328
. 328
. 322
. 322
. 827
. 322
. 322
. 324
. 322
. 324
. 326
. 322
. 327
. 326
. 326
. 822
. 322
. 828
. 324
. 323
. 323
. 324
. 324
. 824
734
INDEX OF GEN^A, SPECIES AND 8Y2ro\YMS.
uHiccefolia, W. & A. 822 !
ver(yniccefolia,La.ia)s., 322
villosa, Wall. . . 327
SUene, Linn. . . .217
amcBna, Linn. . .219
apetala, Willd. . . 218 ;
arenosa, C. Koch .219
Ai-meria, Linn. . . 218
colorata, Poir. . 218, 22ff
conoidea, Linn. . . 2 i 8
cucubaluSj Wib. . .218
dasyphylla, Turcz, . 219
Falconeriaiia, Bentk. 220
gallica, Linn. . .218
graniinifoliay Otth. 219
Griffithii. Boiss. . . 220
6^m/- W aldemaHij
Klutzsch . . .219
indicay lioxb. . . 225
iutiata, Sm. . . .218
intrusa, W. & A. .218
khasiana, Rohrb. . 221
kunawareusis, Bentk. 220
leyseroides, Boiss. . 219
MoonToftiana, Wall. -il9
mu/tiri)/a, Edgw. . 220
noctiflora, Linn. . 218
repeiis, Boiss. . .219
«a/«a, Boiss. . . .219
? Stracheyi, luhjw. . 221
auaveolens, Kar. &
Kir 220
tenuis, Wil/d. . .219
viridikora, Rohrb. ; 221
viscom, Pers. . . 220
Wallichiana, KluU. 218
Webbiana. If^o/^. . 220
Webbiana, Wall. . 220
SlLENKifC 212
Simaba quassioideSy
Ham 620
SiMARUBRJE .... 517
Sinapis alba, Linn. . 157
brassicata, Linn. . 15')
euneifijlia, Eoxb. . 157
dirfiotoma, Roxb. . 156
divaricata, Roxb. . 134
erysimoides, Roxb. . 156
glauca, Roxb, . .156
intcfjrifolia, Willd. . 167
juncea, Linn. . . 157
nigra, Linn. . . . 156
ptmlla, Roxb. . .134
ramosdy Roxb. . . 157
rugoaa, Roxb. . • ^^^ a
trilocularis, Roxb. . liny
Sipbonodon, Giiff. . . (;29
celastrineus, Griff. . 629
Pa«e
SiSYMBRIKJS . . . .129
Sisymbrium, Linn. . 147
Alliaria, Scop. . .151
axillars, //. /. dk T. . 149
Columnai, Jacq. . . 150
contort uplicaium,
DC 146
deltoideum, ff, f.
JcT. 161
foliosura, n.f. «fr T 148
biiualaicuni, H. f.
AT. .... 147
bumile, C. A. Mey. . 148
Irio, Linn. . . . 150
irioides, Boiss. . .150
lasioonrpura, H. f.
& T. 148
Loeselii, Linn. . . 151
minutiflorum, //. /.
ct r. 149
moll'ssiamra, C. A.
Mey 147
nudum, Boiss. . .137
paiinoriicuiu, Jacq. . 150
pLanigdiquam, H. f.
& T. . . . . .152
prim idtefolium,
Thorns 152
mpestre, Edgw. . .148
septulatum,, DC. . .150
Sophia, Linn. . .150
strictum, // /. A T. 149
Thalianum, Guy d'
Atoiin 148
torulostim, Desf. . 146
Wallichii.//./. cC- r. 149
Skironiia, nbg. . . 499
Laureola. //. /. . . 499
Slarkeu iTungni.f, Griff, 107
Sladenia. Kurz. . .281
celastrifolia, Kurz . 281
Smythea, Seem. . . 63S
calpicarpa, Kurz . 632
Sodadn deridua, Forsk. 1(5
So/andra lubata, Murt. ?36
SovLthtcdlia nobilis,
Salisb 358
Soymida. Juss. . . .567
febrifuga, Juss. . . 5t)7
Spergu a, Linn. . .243
CBstirom, Keen. . .251
arvensis, Linn. . . 243
])entandra, Linn . 243
rubra, /.inn. . • . 244
Spergularia ruhrc, St,
Hil 244
Spkceoc'irya iejrosa,
Dalz 679
Spkarosacme decandra,
Wall {"■-
fra(/an8, Wall. . •'''-
? laa^a. Wall, . , 560
panirulata, Wall, . 660
poll/St ac/iya. Wall. . 5r>9
Jio'kituL-a, Wall. . 5t;o
apicata, Wall, . , i>ii)
Spfuerostema axillare,
m t5
elongutnm, Bl. . . 4i
grand 'fi arum, H. f.
& T.* 44
grandijlorum, Wall. 4 1
propiiiqiium, Bl. , 4"'
Spina spinarum,
Rumph^ . . ' . . 1'.':
Stachy.nirs. 5. ik Z. . '/^c
him;iIaious,y//.«fc7'. 288
Stadmannia pubescens,
S{,r 681
trijur/a, Spr. . . .681
Stalughiitfs ovalifoliiu,
G. Ton .... 2 ;,»
Staj.liylta, /^inn. . . >'<: ^
Kiiiooi, Wall. . . t;^
indidi, Burm. . . tii.7
Stautifo-iia angustifolia.
Wail Kis
Brauiniana, Wall.. 1 -
la i folia, Wall. . , ]> -
Stel«' hocarpus, i?^ . 4,
IJuraho!, lU. . . . 47
Ste^laria, Linn. . . . '2L'y
aqiiatici, Sotp. . . 229
aquatica, Poll. . . 233
bulbosa. Wulf. . .231
cerantioidts, Linn. . 227
crispata, Wall. . . 229
decumbens, Edgw. . 234 ,
depauperata, Edgw. 234
drymarioides, 7'Am;. . 229
Fenzliana, Klotrsch 232
glauca, With. . . 233
graniinea, Linn. . . 23-J
lanata, IL f.. . .232
latitolia, Benth. . . 231
longissin.a, WcUl. . 232
media, Z,m», . . 23u
media, Wight . .229
mollis, Klotzsch . . 232
monogyna, Don . . 230
monospen/ta, Don . 229
paniculati,, Edgw. . 22:>
patens, Don . . .232
petrcea, H. f. & T. . 234
saxatilie, Jlam. . . 232
semivestiiA, Edgw. . 230
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
735
Page
sikkimensis, H.f. . 230
subumbellata, Edgw. 233
thyviifolia. Wall. . 233
tibetica. Kurz. . .231
uliginosa, Linn. . . 233
Webbiana, Wall. . 230
Stemonoporws affinis,
Thw 314
canaliculatus, Thw. 315
distichus, Thw. . . 303
Gardner i, Thw. . . 314
lanceolatus, Thw. . 315
? Moonii, Thw. . .316
nitidas, Thw. . .316
oblonf/ifolius, Thw. . 315
peiiolat'is, Thw. . .315
reticulatus, Thw. . 316
rigidus, Thw. . . 315
scabriusculus, Thw. 303
Wightii, Thw. . .314
Stemonurws affinis,
Miers .... 587
apicalis, Miers . .584
axillaris, Miers . .586
ceylanicm, Miers . 586
coriaceas, Miers . . 586
? crassipes, Kurz .587
? fcetidus, Wight . 589
Gtirdneri, Miers. . 586
Heyneanus, Miers . 586
longifolius, Miers . 586
penangianus, Miers. 587
polymo?-p/ms, Miers . 586
prasinus, Bl. . . .587
.? sechiidijlorus, Bl. . 584
1 tomentellas, Kurz . 587
B'rt/^eri, Miers . .586
Stephania, Lour. . .102
elegans, H.f. <k T. . 103
glabra, Miers . .103
glandulifera, Miers 103
hernandifolia, iruZp. 103
hypoglauca, Miers . 103
intertexta, M ers . 103
japonica, Miers . .103
latifolia, Miers . .103
longa, Miers . . .103
rotunda, Lour. . .103
Roxharghiana,TA\eirB 103
Sterculia, Ziwn. . . 354
affiuis, Mast. . . 361
alata, Roxh. . . .360
alata, Wall. . . .356
angustifolia. Jack. . 358
angusti folia, Roxb. 358
arraata, Mast. . .357
Balanghas, Linn. . 358
BalanghaSf iloxb. . 358
bicolor, Mast. . .359
campannlata. Wall. 362
coccinea, Jack . .357
coccinea, Eoxh. . . 357
coccinea. Wall. * . 360
colorata, ^ox6. . . 359
cuneata, Heyne . .356
ensifolia, Mast. . . 359
fcetida, Linn. . . 354
fiilgens, Wall. . . 360
fulgens, Wall. . .360
guttata, Roxb. . . 355
Heynii, Bedd. . . 360
Jackiana, Wall. . 358
Isevis, Wall. . . . 357
lanct(sfolia, Roxb. . 3.>6
lanceolata. Ham. . 357
linearicirpa, Mast. . 360
linguifolia, Mast. . 357
macrophylla, Vent. 356
Maingayi, J/as^ . 359
mollis, Wall. . . 358
nobilis, Br. . . .358
ovalifulia, Wall. . 356
par vi flora, Roxb. . t59
parvifolia. Wall. . 356
populifolia. Roxb. . 361
populifolia, W. &A. 361
pubescens, J/as^. . 357
punduana, Wall. . 364
Roxburghii, Wall. . 356
rubicunda. Wall. . 360
rubigitiosa, Fe«<. . 358
scaphisera, Wall. . 361
striatiti ra, Mast. . 356
Thwaitesii. Mast. . 361
tubulata, Mast. . . 862
urens, Roxb. . . .355
ver-sicolur, Wall. . 355
villosa, ^oj:&. . . 355
Stp:kculiack^ . . . 353
SXERCULIEiB .... 353
Stigmarosa Jangomas,
Lour 193
Streptostigma viridi-
florum, Thw. . . 692
Stroemcria tetrandra,
Vahl . . . .172
tHfoliata, Roxb. . 172
Strombosia, Bf, . .579
ceylanica, Gard. . 579
javauica, Bl. . .579
javanica, Thw. . . 679
Strut hiola scandens.
Wall 582
Stylophorurn, Nuft. . 119
lactucoi(«les, Bcnth.
d: H.f . . .119
Paee
Suriana, Linn. . . . 522
maritima, Linn . 622
Surwala robusfa, Rcera. 665
Swietenia Chickrassia,
Roxb 568
chloroxylon, Roxb. . 669
febrifuga, Roxb. • . 667
rubra, Wall. . . .667
soj/mida. Dune. . 567
S'otrophola,\lh.Yid^m. 568
trilocularis, Roxb. . 568
velutina. Wall. . . 568
villosa, Wall. . .508
SWIETENIE^ . . . 641
Synaptea grandiflora,
Kurz .... 301
odorata. Griff. . .301
Talauma, Juss. . . .40
KodgHom, H.f <(:T. 40
lanigera, H. f. & T. 40
mutabilis, Bl. . . 40
Rabauiana, i^. /. <{; r. 40
Talinum, Adans. . . 247
cuneifolium, Willd. 247
indigum, W. & A.
Tamariscine^ . .
Taniariv, Linn.
ariiculata, Vahl.
247
248
248
249
articulata,\\ all 248, 249
249
249
248
248
248
250
248
248
249
249
248
248
249
dioica, Roxb.
ericoides, Rothb.
epacroides, Sm. .
Gal Ilea, Linn. .
Gallica, Wight .
Germamra, Linn.
indica. Keen.
indica, Willd. .
mucronftfa, Sm. .
orientalis, Forsk.
Pallasii, Desv. .
passer in oides, Del.
Pharas, Ham. .
ramosissima, Ledeb. 248
salina, Dyer.
stricta, Boiss.
tenarissima, Ham.
248
249
249
i vsneiides, E. Mey. . 249
i Tarrietia, Bl. . . . 362
simplicifolia, Mast. . 362
Tauscheria, Fisrh. . 163
destrtoruin. Led. . 164
lasiocarpa, DC. . .164
Teiininalia paviculata 419
Terustroemia. Linn. . 280
aneura, Miq. . . 281
bilocalaris, Roxb. . 287
? coriacca, Wall. . 282
\
736
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
crenulata,^&[l . 283
cunei folia . . .281
Idumosa, Wall. . .282
emarginata, Chois. . 281
'i integerrima. Wall.
282, 283
japonica, Thunh. . 280
? Kkaayana, Chois. . 281
Lashicu, Ham. . . 284
macrocarpa, Scheff. 2S1
? macrophylla, Wall. 290
penangiana, Chois. . 281
pentapetdla. Jack . 287
racemosa, Don . . 286
? reticulata. Wall. . 282
Uericea, Wall. . . 283
serrata, Roxb. . . 287
tnlocularis, Roxb. . 287
Wightii, Chois. . . 281
TERNSTROSMIACEiB . . 279
Teknstrcemiejs . . 279
Tcypnophyllum zeylani-
cum, Thw. . . 268
Tetracera, Linn. . . 31
Assa, DC. . . . 31
Euryandra, Vakl . 32
Isevis, Vnhl ... 31
7ttc/rfrt, Wall. . . 32
macrophylla, Wall. . 3 i
Rheedii, DC. . . 31
sarinentosa, Willd. . 81
sericea, Bl. . . . 31
trig II na, Roxb. . . 31
Tetractomia, H.f. . . 490
majus, H.f. . . .490
Roxburghii, ir. /. . 490
Tetradium trichotomum,
Lour 490
Tetramerista, Miq. . 526
glabra, Miq. . . .526
Thalictrum, i^'nn. . . 10
acaule, Carab. . . 12
alpioum, Linn. . . 12
hractcatum. Roxb. . 2
Chelidonii,'Z>a . 11
Chelidonii, 11. f.kT. 11
cultratum, Wall. . 11
1 cvsticarpiim,^ai]\. 11
Dalzelli, Honk. . . 13
elejiaiis. Wall, . . 10
foetidum, Liun. . . 14
foliolosum, JJC. . . 14
ylyphocarpum, W.
&A 14
Javanicum, Bl. . . 13
Kemense, Fries . . 14
macrosfiyma, Edgw. 11
majus, J acq. ... 14
Page
marginatum, Royle . 12
Maxicellii, Royle . 14
microphyllam, Royle 12
mious, lAnn. . . 14
minus, Boiss. . . 14
neurocarpum, Royle 11
pauciflonim, Boyle . 11
pedunculatum, Edg. 12
platicarpum, H. f.
d'T. . . . . 11
Punduanum Wall. 13
radiatum, Royle . 13
reniforme, Wall. . 11
rostellatum, H. f.
cfc r. . . . . 12
rotundifolium, DC. 13
rutajfolium, H. f.
(& T. . . . . 12
saniculaforme, DC. 13
secundum, Edgw. . 11
vaginatum, Royle . 14
virgatura, U. f. cfc T. 12
TJtea assamica, aflF.
sp. Chois. . . .290
assamica, Mast. . 292
chinensis, Linn. . 292
vii'idis, var. , Chois. 290
Thlaspi, Unn. . . .161
alpestre, Linn. . .162
arvense, Linn. . . 162
cardiocarpum, II. f.
<t T. . . . . 162
cocklcariforme, DC. 162
cocbleariuides, II. f.
A-T. .... 162
Gri^fhianum, Boiss. 162
THLASPIDE.fi . . . l'*0
Thuya aphylla, Linn. . 24y
Thylacospermum, Fend. 243
rupifrafrrum,
Schrenck. . . .243
TiLiACE^ .... 379
Tiliacora, Colehr. . . 99
ahnormalis, Miers . 99
acuminata, Miers . 99
cuspid if ormis, Miers 99
fraternaria, Miers . 99
racemosa, Colehr. . 99
TiLiE^ ..... 380
Tim(rosia rupestris,
Klotzsch . . .217
Tinoniiscium, Miers . 97
petiolare, Miers . . 97
Tinospora, Miers . . 96
cordifolia, Miers . 97
crispa, Miers ... 96
malabarica, Miers . 96
tomentosa, Miers . 96
Page
nliginosa, Miers . . 97
Tltl08P0RE.E ... 94
Toddalia, Juss. . .497
aculeata, Pers. . . 497
"i.angusHfoliH, Lamk. 497
angastifoUa, iMiq. . 497
asiatica, Tiamk. . . 497
biloeularis, IP. <fe 4. 497
floribunda, Wall. . 497
niifis, Miq. , . . 492
niiida, Lamk. . , 4^7
ruhicaulis,WiM. . 497
TODI ALIE^ .... 484
Ton sel la disper ma, Voir. 625
prinoides, Willd. . 626
Toona ciliata, Rcem. . 569
febrifuga, Ra;m. . 569
hexandra, Roem. . 669
lougifolia, Koem. . 569
serrata, Roem. . . 569
? velutina, Roem. . 568
? villosa, Roem. . . 568
Toxicodendrum Cobhe,
Ga;rtn 674
Tribal us, Linn. . .423
alatus. Del. . • .423
cistoides, Linn. . ,423
lanuginosus. Lrtin. . 423
terrestris, Linn. . .423
Trichadenia, Thw. . .196
zeylanica, Thw. . .196
Tridi a u rus ericoides,
W. & A. . . . 249
TrichUia con'arm, Wall. 564
? lonffissima. Wall. . 652
nervosa, Vahl . ,653
spinosa, Willd. . .612
trifoliata, WaU. . . 664
venosa, Spr. . . . 663
? villosa, WaU. . . 664
TRICHILE.K .... 640
Tridcsmis fomwsa,
Korth 258
ochnoides, Spach . 258
prujiiJio)'a,\KviTz . 258
Trigoniastrum, Miq. . 208
hypoleucum, Miq. . 208
Trigonochlamys, H. f. 539
Griffithii, H.f. . . 539
Triguera acerifolia,
Cav 336
Triomma, H.f. . . 528
raalaccensis, H.f. . 628
Triphasia, Lour. . . 606
aurantiola. Lour. . 607
? sarmcntosa, Bl. . . 509
trifoliata, DC. 507, 508
Tristellateia, Thouars 418
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
737
Page
australasica, A . Rich. 418
Triumfetta, Linn. . .394
angulata, Lamk. . 395
angidata, ^ acuminata.
Wall 395
annua, Linn. . . 396
Barlramia, Roxb. . 395
hilocylaHs, Wall,
ca^a;, Bl. . . .
glabra, Hh. Miss,
glandulosa, Heyne
indica, Ham.
indica, Larak. . .396
? microphyUa,W.&k. 396
neglecta, W.d-A, . 396
oblonga, Wall. . .
oblongata, Link.
orhiculata, Keen.
ovata, DC.
pentandra, Guill. &
Perr
pilosa, Roth. . .
pilosafWaXl. . . .
pilosa, var. Thw. .
pilosula, Thw.
395
396
395
395
394
394
395
395
394
394
394
394
396
pohjcarpa,'^SL\\. 395, 396
rhomboidea, Jacq. . 395
rotundifolia, Lam. . 395
semitriloba, Linn. , 396
suborbiculata, DC. . 395
tomentosa, Bojer. . 394
tomentosa, Wall. . 395
trichoclada, Link. . 396
trilocularis, Roxb. . 395
vestita, Wall. . 394, 395
Trorhisandra indica,
Bedd 622
Trochodendre^ . . 39
Troll ius, Linn. . . 2*2
acaulis, Lindl. . . 22
puniilus, Don . . 22
pumilus, Royle . . 22
Tunica, Scop. . . .215
stricta, Biinge . .216
Turpinia, Veyit. . . 698
latifolia, Wall. . . 699
martabanica, Wall. 699
microcarpa, W. & A. 699
nepalensis, Wall. . 699
pomifera, BC. . . 698
Turraea, Linn. . . .541
alafa, Wight . . 542
pinnata, Wall. . . 543
trichostylis, Miq. . 379
villosa, Benn, . . 542
virens, Linn. . .541
virens, Hellen. . .612
Turritis glabra, DC. . 135
VOL. L
ngida, Wall. . .135
Tytonia natans, Q. Don 483
Unona, Linn. ... 58
Alphonsii, Wall, . 62
cauliflora, ff.f. dh T. 60
chinensis, DC. . . 59
cochinchinensis, DC. 59
cordifolia, Roxb. . 59
crinita, H.f.&T. . 61
Dasymaschala, jBZ. . 61
desmantha, H.f.&T. 61
Desmos, Dun. . . 59
discolor, Vahl . . 69
dumosa, Roxb. . . 59
Dunalii, Wall. . . 68
Dunalii, H. f. & T. 59
elegans, Thio. . . 58
fulva, Wall. ... 69
grandiflora, DC. . 47
hamafa, Dun. . . 64
latifolia, ff. f. & T. 60
Lawii, H.f. &T. . 69
leptopetala, Dun. . 66
longiflora, Roxb. . 61
Narum, Dun. . . 60
odorata, Dun. . . 66
pannosa, Dafe. . . 68
pedunculosa, A. DC. 59
precox, H.f.&T. . 60
pycnantha, H. f. & T. 60
stenopetala,^./.c&r. 60
suaveolens, Bl. . . 65
undulata. Wall. . 59
virgata, Bl. . . . 67
viridiilora, Bedd. . 60
zeylanica, H.f.&T. 68
UnonejE 46
Ureua, Lmn. . \ .329
cann, Wall. . . .329
cordata, H6. Heyne 330-
Hamiltoniana, Wall, 330
heterophylla, Sm. . 330
Lappago, DC. . . 330
lobata, Linn. . . 329
morifoUa, DC. . .330
muricata, DC, . . 330
palmata, Roxb. . . 329
repanda, Roxb. . . 330
rigida, Wall. . . .330
W<7idrt, Wall. . . 330
scabriuscula, DC. . 329
scabriuscula, Wall. 329
sinuata, Linn. . . 329
spedosa, Wall. . . 330
tomentosa, Wall. .330
Urene^ 318
C/std>is triphyllafBaTm. 674
Page
Uvaria, Linn. ... 47
axillaris, Roxb. . 56
bicolor, Roxb. . . 80
bicolor, Wall. . . 81
bracteata, Roxb. . 49
cauliflora, Wall. . 66
cerasoides, Roxb. . 64
cordata, Wail.. . . 49
coriacea, Vahl . . 61
costata. Wall. . . 67
dioica, Roxb. . . 87
dulcis. Dun. . . 48
elegans, Wall. . . 82
elllptica, A. DC. . 92
excelsa, Wall. . . 77
far eta. Wall. . . 5Q
ferruginea. Ham. . 62
fomicata, Roxb. . 71
fulgens, Wall. . .82
/w/va, Wall. ... 79
gigantea, Wall. . . 75
Oomeziana, A. DC. . 49
grandiHora, Roxb. . 47
hamata, Roxb. . . 64
Hamiltoni, ^./. cfcT'. 48
heteroclita, Roxb. . 45
Heyneana, Wall. . 77
Heyneana, W. & A. 61
hirsuta, Jac^ . . 48
Javana, Dun. ." . 48
lanuginosa, Wall. . 79
latifolia, Bl. . . 79
Lobbiana, H f. ft- T. 49
longifolia, Larak. . 62
lurida, H. f kT. . 60
lurida var. /3., H. f.
& T 50
lutea, Roxb. . . .89
hitea, Wall. ... 61
lutea,vars., W.&A. 77, 89
mabiformis, Griff. . 82
macrophylla, Roxb. 49
macropoda, H. f. . 60
manubriata. Wall. . 79
micrantha, H.f:&T. 51
mollis, Wall. ... 58
Narum, Tl^a/?. . . 50
n&'vosa. Wall. . . 79
nutans, Wall. . . 72
obovata, Heyne . . 75
obtiisa, Bi. ... 76
odorata, Lamk. . . 66
odoratissi ma, Roxb. 54
ophthal mica, Roxb. 72
oxyantha. Wall. . 83
parviflora, ^./. ct-r. 51
paucioYulata, U.f.d: T. 61
•golyantha, Wall. . 81
3 B
738
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
prismatica, Wall,
ptychocalyx, Miq. .
purpurea, Bl. . .
reticulata, Bl. . .
Eoxhcryhiana, Wall.
rubiginosa, A. DC. .
Russellii, Wall. .
sclerocarpa, A . DC. 52,88
eemecarpifolia, U. f.
&T. .... 49
Bphenocarpa,^./.<fc7'. 48
suberosa, Roxb. . . 65
Bubrepanda, Wall. . 50
sumatrana, ff.f.dsT. 51
tomentosd, Roxb. . 88
trichomalla, Bl. .48
tripetala, Roxb. . 72
velutina. Dun, . . 87
ventricosa, Roxb. . 89
viUosa, Roxb. . . 87
virgata, Bl. . . . 57
zeylauica, Linn. . 51
Utarie^ .... 46
Vareca heteroclitOj
Roxb 186
lanceolata, Roxb. . 188
Vateria, Linn. . . -SIS
acuminata, Ifcyne . 313
acitminata, Thw. . 314
affinis, Tkio. . . .314
canaliculata, Thw. .315
ceylanica, Wight . 314
cordifolia, Thw. .317
disti'cha, Thw. . . 303
elegans, Thw. . .317
Ghirdneri, Thw. . .314
indica, Linn. . .313
indica, Thw. . . 313
jucunda, Thxo. . .314
lanceafolia, Roxb. . 302
lanceolaria, Roxb. . 302
lanceolata, TAm?. . 315
lancenlata, Roxb. . 302
malabarica, Bl. . .313
Moonii, Thw. . .316
nitida, Thw. . . .316
oblongifolia, Thw. .315
petiolaris, T'/iJ^. . .315
reticulata, Thvj. . 316
rigida, Thw. . . .315
Eoxburghiana,W\giii 302
scabriuscida, Thw. . 303
Wighiii, Thw. . . 314
Vatica, Z/inn. . . . 301
acuminata, A. DC. 314
affinis, Thw. . . .303
canaca, Ham. . .302
Page
canaliculata, A. DC. 315
chinensis, Linn-. . 302
? cordifolia, Thw. . 303
? disticha. A. DG. . 303
faginea. Dyer. . .301
Gardneri, A. DC. .314
grandiflora, Z>yer . 301
Helferi, Dper . . 302
laccifera, W. & A. . 305
lanceaefolia, Bl. . . 302
lanceolata, A. DC. 315
Maingayi, Dyer. . 302
iWoonii, A. DC. . 316
nitida, A. DC. . .316
oblonga, A. DC. . 315
obtma, Steud. . . 306
pallida, Dyer . . 302
petiolaris, A. DC. . 315
reticulata, A. DC. .316
rigida, A. DC. . .315
rohusta, Steud. . . 306
Roxburghiana, Bl. . 302
scabriuscula, A. DG. 303
Bcaphula, Dyer . . 301
Thwaitesii, A. DC. . 314
Tumbuggaia, W.& A. 306
Wighti'i, A. DC. . . 314
Velaga xylocarpa,
Gsertn 369
Vbntilaginej: . . . 630
Ventilago, Gitrtn. . 630
bombaiensis, Dalz. . 631
bractcata, Wall. . . 631
calyculata, Tidasne 631
denticulata, Willd. . 631
leiocarpa, Benth. . 631
macrantha, Tulasne 631
madraspatanaj
Benth 631
madraspatana,
Gcertn 631
madraspatana, Roxb. 631
Maingayi, Laws. . 631
silhetiana, Tulasne 631
Smithiana, Tulasne 631
sulphurea, Tulasne 631
Viola, Linn 182
apetala, Roxb. . .185
ospera, Ging. . .184
biflora, Linn. . .182
cwspitosa, Don . .183
canescens, Wall. . .184
canina, var., Linn. 185
chinensis, Don . .183
cinerea, Boiss. . .185
confusa, Benth. . .184
diffusa, Ging. . .183
distans, Wall. . .183
Page
dubia, Wall. ... 185
enneasperma, Roxb. 185
ereeta, Roth. . . . 185
Falooneri,^./. ct T. 185
frutescens. Roth. . 185
grandifolia. Wall. . 183
Griffithianck, Boiss. . 184
? Hamiltoniana^ Dun 184
hirta, Linn. . . .184
Hookeri, Thorns. . 183
hunaioarensis, Royle 185
Metziana, Hohen. . 184
mysorensis, Wall. . 1S3
nilagirica, Turcz. . 184
Notoniana, Wall. . 184
odorata, Zm7i. . .184-
? palmaris, BucL . . 184
Patrinii, DC. . . .183
pilosa, Bl. ... 184
]yrimulifolia, Linn. . 183
reniformis. Wall. . 183
Royleana, Wall. . .184
serpens, Wall. . .184
serpens, WalL . .184
suffruticosa, Roxb. . 185
syl vatica, FriM . .185
tevnis, Benth. . .183
Walkerii, Wight . 183
Wall ichiana, Q'lng. . 183
Wightiana, Wall. . 184
Wightiana, Wt. Ic. . 184
ll77/i«iana, vars.,
Thw 184
VlOLACE^ .... 182
Violet 182
Visenia concatenata,
Spr 374
corchorifolia, Spr. . 374
supina, Spr. . . . 374
tomentosa, Miq. . . 374
umbellata, Wight .374
Vismia ? arborescens,
Chois 258
Vitip, Liyin. . . . 645
adnata, Wall. . .649
anamallayana, Bedd. 656
angustifolia, TFaZZ. . 654
araneosus, Dalz. . 657
assamica. Laws. . 648
assimilis, Kurz. . .660
atroviridis, Wall. . 663
auriculata, Roxb. . 658
barbata, Wall. . . 651
bracteolata, Wall. . 654
campylocarpa, Kurz. 657
canarensis, Z)a?z. . 655
cantooiensis, Seem. . 663
capriolata, Don . . 659
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
739
Page
carnosa, Wall. . . 654
cinnamomea, Wall. . 659
cinnamomea, Wall. . 650
cinnamomea, var. ,
Wall. . . . .659
compositifolia, Laws. 659
coralloides, H. f. . 659
cordifolia, Roth. . 651
^stata. Wall. . . 647
"crenata, Wall. . . 654
diflfusa, Miq. . . .646
discolor, Bl. . . .647
discolor, Dalz. . . 647
divaricata, Wall. . 657
diversifolia, Wall. . 647
dubia, Laws. . .661
elegans, Kurz. . .659
elongata, Wall. . .658
erioclada, W. & A. . 651
erythroclada, Kurz. 663
furcata, Laws. . .646
Gardneii, Thw. . . 656
gigantea, Bedd. . .648
glaberrima, Wall. . 646
glaherrima, Wall. . 645
glabrata, Heyne . .652
glandulosa, Wall. . 652
glauca, W. tfc A. . 648
glauca, Wall. . . 646
glyptocarpa, Thw. . 645
gracilis, Wall. . .653
hederacea,\YaXl. 657, 659
Helferi, Laws. . . 662
heterophT/Ua, Wall. . 653
ffeyneana, DC. . .651
Heyneana, Wall. . 647
himalayana, Brand. 655
Hookeri, Latcs. . . 661
incequalis, Wall. . 647
indica, Linn. . . 653
indica, Hb. Ham. . 651
indica, Thw. . . . 651
indica, Wall. . . 652
Kleineii, Wall. 648, 652
Labrusca, Linn., var. y,
Kegel .... 651
Iceta, Wall. ... 648
lanata, Hb. Roxb. . 651
lanata, Roxb. . .651
lanata, Wall. . . 650
lanceolaria, Roxb. . 660
lanceolaria, Wall. . 661
lanceolaria, Wight . 661
latifolia, Hb. Ham. 651
latifolia, Roxb. . .652
Linuaei, Wall. . .649
lonchiphylla, Thw. . 646
macrostachys, Miq. . 650
Page
mollis, Wall. . . 660
moUissima, WcUl. . 65Q
montana, Laws. . . 652
muricata, W. & A. . 660
neilfjherrensis, Wight 656
nervosa, Laws. . .650
nitida, Laws. . . 662
novemfolia. Wall. . 662
obovata. Laws. . .658
obtecta, Wall. . . 657
pallida, W. <Ss A. . 647
paniculata, Hb.
Heyne .... 660
paniculata, Wall. . 649
parvifolia, Roxb. . 652
pedata, Vahl . . .661
pedicellata, Laws. . 650
peduncularis, Wall. 655
pentagona, Roxb. . 646
pentagona, Hb.Ham. 651
planicaulis, H. f. . 658
polystachya. Wall. . 662
polystachya, Wall. . 662
pterisanlha, Miq. . 664
? Purani, Don . .652
quadrangularis, PFoZZ. 645
repanda, IF. tfe 4. .648
repens, Lamk. . .647
rei^ens, Wall. . . .649
repens, W. <i: A . . 646
reticulata, Thio. . .655
Rheedei, W.ii;A. . 653
rosea, Royle . . .648
Roxburghii, W. db A. 655
rubifolia, Wall. . . 663
rugosa, H. f. & T. . 650
rugosa. Wall. 651, 653
rumicisperma, Laws. 661
sagittifolia, Laws. . 645
semicordata, Wall. . 656
serratifolia,W . & A. 660
serrulata. Wall. . .659
setosa, IFaZZ. . .654
sikkimensis. Laws, . 650
spectabilis, A'wrz. . 649
sulcata, Laws. . . 661
• tenuifolia, W. ds A. 660
ternata, Heyne . .650
Thomsoni, Laws. . 657
tomentosa, Ucyne . 650
trichophora, Wall, . 663
trifida, Both. . . 650
trifolia, Linn. . . 654
triloba, Heyne . . 650
trnncata, Miq. . . 652
tuberculata, Bl. . . Q5Q
tuberculata, Wall. . 661
vinifera, Linn. . . 652
Page
vulpina, Linn., var. y.,
Regel .... 652
Wallichii, DC. . . 652
Wallichii, Kurz. . 647
zeylanica, Russ. . .652
Vittmannia elliptica,
Vahl. .... 519
lucida, Steud. . .519
Wahlenbergia, Br. . 670
IFa^^crct serrato, Willd. 525
Wallichia spectabilis,
DC 371
Walsura, i?oa:ri. . . 663
Gardneri, Thw. . . 663
hypoleuca, Kurz. . 564i
? lanceolata, Wall. . 555
neurodes, Hiem . 664
piscidia, Roxb. . . 564
pubescens, Kurz. . 565
robusta, Roxb. . . 565
ternata, Roxb. . . 563
trichostemon, Miq. . 563
tubulata, Hiem . 563
villosa, IFaZZ. 563, 564
Waltheria, Linn. . . 374
americana, Linn. . 374
elliptica, Cav. . .374
indica, Linn. . . 374
WiNTEREiBS .... 39
Wissadula, Medik. . 325
Leschenaultiana, jTfs^ 325
periplocifolia, Thw. 325
rostrata, Planch. . 325
zeylanica, Medik. . 325
Wormia, Rottb. . . 35
bracteata, H. f. & T. 37
dentata, DC. . . . 35
excelsa, H. f. & T. . 35
hamata, Vahl . . 299
integra, H. f. & T. . 37
nblonga, Wall. . . 35
pulchella, Jack . . 36
subsessilis, Miq. . . 35
suffruticosa, Orif. . 35
triquetra, Rottb. . 35
Xanthochymus ovali-
folius, Roxb. . .269
ovaUfolius, ? Bedd. 269
pictorius, Roxb. . 269
tinctorius, DC. . . 269
spicatus, W. & A. .269
Xanthophyllum, Roxb. 208
affine, Korth. . . 209
angustifolium,'^ight 209
4?*no«/a??uwi,Wight 209
ellipticum, Korth. . 211
"40
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
flavescens, Roo^h. . 209
flavescens, Wall. . . 209
glaucum, Wall. . . 209
Griffithii, ff.f. . .210
insigne, A. W. Benn. 211
Maingayi, //./ . , 210
obscurum,^. TF.5f7m.211
paniculatum, Miq. . 209
Jioxburghianum,y^t. 209
rufum, A. W- Benn. 210
stipitatum, A . W.
Benn 210
undulatum, "Wight . 209
virens, Roxb. . . 209
Xanthoxylon, see Zan-
thoxylum
Xerospermum, Bl. . 686
Noronliianum, Bl. . 686
Xiraenia, Linn. . . 574
CCr;ypfiiica, Juss. . 674
cvf/i/jitiaca, Roxb. . 522
americana, W'dld. . 674
? lanccolata, DC. . 498
^ 6lacoid€S,W . &. A.
573, 584
Jiusselliana, "Wall. • 574
Xylocarpus ? Anlila,
Hb. Ham. . . .568
Granntum, Kopn. . 567
molucrcnitin, Roem. . 667
obovatus, A. Juss. . 667
Xylopia, Linn. ... 82
caudata, U. f. <S: T. 85
Chaiiipionii, N. f. <fc T. 84
dicarpa, //./. tO r. 85
elliptica, Mainrj. . 86
ferruginea,^./. cOr. 83
fusca, Maing. . . 83
maq-na, Maing. . . 84
Maingayi, ^. /.cO r. 85
malayana, //./. (f- 7'. 83
niojrieahs, //. /. & T. 84
obtusifolia, //./. tO 7*. 83
oxyantha, Zr./. <0r. 83
parvifolia, //./. <t T. 84
pustiilata, ^. /. d: T. 85
Xtlopie^ . • . . 46
Xylosma, Forst. . .194
controversum, Clos. 194
latifoliuni, //./. cfcT'. 194
longifolium, Clos. . 194
Z\NTHOXYLE.B . . . 484
Zanthoxylum, Linn. . 492
acanthopodium, DC. 493
alatum, Roxb. . . 493
alatum, Wall. . .493
Pape
annatum, Roxb. . 496
?5rtjar7«fnf/ia,Wan. 496
Budrunga, TFoZ/. . 495
1 co7inaroides,\i^.kk. 496
crenatiim, Wall. . . 495
cuspidatum, Charap. 494
? Fivlaysoniaiium,
Wall 496
Jloribundum, Wall. . 497
Hamiltonianum, Wall.idi
hostile. Wall." . . .493
khasianum, II. f. . 45 4
Lamarclianumf
Cham 488
'(longifolium, Y^a\\. 496
iMm/wm, Wall. . . 492
Mnranibong, Miq. . 488
myriacanthum, Wall. 496
nilagiricum, Miq. . 487
niddum, Wall. . . 497
oblongnm, Wall. . 495
obtiisi folium, Poir. . 496
ovalifolium, !!%/*< . 492
oxyphyllum, IJdgio. 494
planispinum, S. &Z. 493
pteltnfolium, Cham. 488
Rhetsa, DC. . . .495
rhvi folium, Lamk. . 496
Ro:cburgh ianiLm, \
Cham 487
RumpJtianum,, Cham. 489
sapindifolium.W ail. 496
sepiarium, Wight . 493
Serra, Turcz. , 286, 496
aorbifulium, St. Hil. 496
8po7idia:folium,\^iiU. 496
tetraspermum, ir.ctvl.494
? Timbor, Wall. . .493
tomentelluin, //./. . 493
triHorum, Turcz. . 496
triplnjllum, Wight . 487
violaceum. Wall. . 494
zeylanicum, DC. . 487
ZizYPHE.*: .... 630
Zizyphus, Juss. . . . 632
acuminata, Royle . 634
albens, Roxb. . . 634
apetala, H. f . . 635
Bacju'hia, Wall. . 637
Bhuuder, Royle 636, 637
? Burrcm, Ham. . 636
calopbylla, Wall. . 636
caracuita, Roxb. . 634
cdtidifolia, DC. . 634
cuncata, Wall. . . 634
? elegans, Wall. . . 637
elliptica, Roxb. . . 634
Page
ferriiginea, Heyne , 634
flavescens, Wall. . . 637
flexuosa, Wall. . . 633
florihunda, Wall. . 637
funiculosa, Ilam. . 636
glabra, Roxb. . \. 636
glabrata, Htyne . . 633
globularis, WdU. . 637
hamosa, Wall. . . 641
horrida, Roth. . . 6^6
Ilorsfieldii, Miq. . 637
incur va, Roxb. . .635
Jnjuba, Lamk, . .632
latifolia, Roxb. . . 636
Liunaei, Laws. . . 635
LotuB, Lamk. . 633, 637
lucida. Moon. . .635
m,auritiana,E.h.E.Am. 632
microphylla, Roxb. 633
Napeca, Linn. . .635
Napeca, Willd. . . 635
Napeca, Roxb. . .634
7»7jV/a, Roxb. . 633, 637
nummularia, T^^tt^l. 633
obliqua, Heyne . . Q?tQ
CEnoplia, Mill . . 634
opposififolia, Wall. 641
orbicularis, Schult . 634
oxyphylla, Edgw. . 634
7)aZ/aJ«, Wall, . . 634
paniculata, Roth. . 636
pcdicellata, \Vall. . 684
rofundijolia, Lamk. 633
rotundifolia, Roth. 634
rvfida, Miq. . . . 634
rugosa, Lamk. . . 636
ruminata. Ham. . 634
sativa, Gaertn. . . 633
scandens, Roxb. . 634
? sinensis, Lamk. . 633
Sororia, Schult. . . 632
Spina-chriMi, Linn. 637
? tomentosa, Roxb. . 636
trinervia, Roxb. . 633
trinervius. Roth. . 632
trinervius, (3. Roth. 633
1 venulosa, Wall.. * . 636
vulgaris, Lamk. . . 633
wynadensis, Bedd. . 633
xylopyrus, Willd. . 634
Zollingeria, Kurz . . 692
macrocarpa, Kurz . 692
Zyqophtllejb . . . 422
Zygophyllum, Linn. . 424
coccineum, Linn. . 425
? connaroides, W. & A 565
simplex, Linn. . . 424
END OF VOL. I
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The flora of British
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