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THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 DAVIS 
 
FLOEA 
 
 BRITISH INDIA. 
 
Bates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume. 
 
 Part I. pp. 1-208, was published Mai/ 1872. 
 „ 11. pp. 209-46i ,, Jan. 1874. 
 
 „ III. pp. 465 to end „ Feb. 1875. 
 
 1 
 

 THE 
 
 FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. ( 
 
 BY 
 
 J. D. HOOKER, C.B. 
 
 M.D., PRES. R.S., D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB. 
 
 CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OP THE 
 
 ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. 
 
 ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 RANUNCULACE^ TO SAPINDACE^. 
 
 PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 
 INDIA IN COUNCIL. 
 
 LONDON t 
 L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 
 1875. 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNlVEr.:i ! Y C- CALIFORNIA 
 
^4- 
 
 LOKDON : 
 SAVILL, EDWARDS AND CO., PRINTERS, CHANDOH STREKT, 
 • COVENT QAPDEN. 
 
TO 
 
 HIS GKACE THE DUIE OF ARGYLL, O., F.E.S., 
 
 SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA, 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.OF LONDON; 
 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 My Lord Duke, 
 
 The fact of this first part of the ^' Flora of British 
 India" appearing* during your Grace's tenure of office, and under your 
 instructions, affords me the welcome opportunity of following a time- 
 honoured custom in dedicating that work to you. And I congratulate 
 myself on being so circumstanced, since I am thus enabled to express 
 my respect for your high scientific attainments and for those original 
 observations and writings which have appeared during the long period 
 that has elapsed since I first enjoyed the privilege of friendly inter- 
 course with your Grace, which long antedates your scientific career 
 and my official connexion with you. 
 
 I am. 
 Your Grace's faithful and obedient servant, 
 
 Jos. D. Hooker. 
 
 Royal Gardens, Kew, 
 
 March 15, 1872. 
 
 96191 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/floraofbritishin01hookrich 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The Flora of British India is intended to comprise within a moderate 
 compass brief descriptions, ordinal, g-eneric and specific, of the Flower- 
 ing- plants and Ferns hitherto found within the British territories in 
 India, together with those of Kashmir and Western Tibet ; countries 
 which, though outside that territory, belong to botanical regions in- 
 cluded within it, which have been geo^aphically and botanically 
 explored by officers employed almost exclusively in the Indian service, 
 and which are habitually visited by Indian tourists and travellers. 
 It was originally intended to have included the Floras of Affghanistan 
 and Beluchistan, as was done in the fragmentary "Flora Indica," 
 commenced in 1855 by Dr. T. Thomson and myself j but the plants of 
 these countries having been recently included in Boissier's excellent 
 " Flora Orientalis," and belonging to quite another botanical region 
 (the Occidental Asiatic), this intention has been abandoned. 
 
 At the outset it must be stated, that in a work of this scope, neither 
 fulness nor completeness are attainable in the present state of science. 
 British Indian Botany is represented by some 12-14,000 species, and 
 by hundreds of thousands of specimens, collected over an area of one 
 and a half millions of square miles, in tropical, temperate, and frigid 
 climates, and at all elevations, from the sea-level to 19,000 ft. Of this 
 vast assemblage, not a twelfth part has hitherto been brought together 
 in any one general work on Indian plants. The descriptions of such 
 as are well described, are scattered through innumerable British and 
 foreign journals, or contained in Local Floras, or works on general 
 Botany 5 a very large number are described so incompletely or inaccu- 
 rately, that they can only be recognised after an inspection of the ori- 
 ginal specimens j and very many are altogether undescribed. In short, 
 there is no quarter of the globe so rich in plants, and from which such 
 a mass of materials has been collected and deposited in European 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 museums 5 and yet of which so little of the Natural History, and espe- 
 cially the Botany, has been systematically brought tog-ether. Under 
 these circumstances an exhaustive Flora would be a work of many 
 years and many volumes ; and it is as a hand-book to what is already 
 known, and a pioneer to more complete works, that the present is put 
 forward. 
 
 For an account of the materials upon which it is founded, the reader 
 is referred te the Introductory Essay to the Flora Indica alluded to 
 above, which contains a history of Indian Botany up to 1855, tog-ether 
 wit h an essa y on the climates and physical features of India, and on its 
 divisions into Botanico-Geo^aphical provinces. Since the date of its 
 publication, no great systematically arrang-ed collections of Indian 
 plants, such as those of Wallich, Wig-ht, Stocks, Strachey, and Win- 
 terbottom, &c. (fee, have been added to these; though many very 
 valuable local collections have been made ; among;st which the Malac- 
 can Herbarium of the late Dr. Maing-ay, and the South Indian of 
 Major Beddome, present the most novelty and interest. Since that 
 period, too, the vast Herbaria of Griflfith and Falconer have been 
 made over to Kew by the late East Indian Government, and thoug-h 
 in a ruinous condition from damp and vermin, have been arranged and 
 distributed; Wight's invaluable original Herbarium has been added to 
 that of Kew, by private gift from that veteran botanist, and its dupli- 
 cates also distributed from this establishment; and Bottler's own Her- 
 barium has been transferred fjpm the Museum of King's College, 
 London, and liberally presented to Kew by order of the Council of that 
 Institution. The value of these last two collections, as containing the 
 type specimens of plants described in so many old and modern works, 
 cannot be over-estimated. 
 
 The plan approved by his Grace the Secretary of State for India, for 
 bringing out this Flora, viz., of associating with myself a number of 
 competent botanists, whose names will appear in the headings of the 
 pages they (wholly or in part) shall contribute, will, it is hoped, enable 
 me to bring it out with reasonable celerity ; whilst the adoption of as 
 concise a style and phraseology* as is consistent with clearness, and the 
 
 * In these matters my Flora of the British IsLands has been followed ; the style there 
 adopted having been suggested by the requirements of the Professors of Botany in the 
 Scotch Universities, and approved by them, seemed to me to be equally applicable to a 
 more extended. 
 
 ^ 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 avoidance of repetition in the descriptions and remarks on each species, 
 will enable me to compress the whole into a portable form. 
 
 With reg*ard to citations of previous works, and references to authors, 
 these have been reduced to what appears to be most useful and desirable 
 for working and especially Indian botanists. As a rule, all Indian 
 Ploras are quoted, as also the work wherein the species was first de- 
 scribed under the name it bears ; the chief exceptions to the latter are 
 in cases where the author has redescribed the plant in a subsequent 
 better known g-eneral work, when the latter alone is cited.* 
 
 I have been compelled to confine the citations of numbered dis- 
 tributed collections to Wallich's; to have introduced the numbers 
 of Wight's, Jacquemont's, Hohenacker's, Strachey and Winterbot- 
 tom's, Griffith's, Falconer's, Heifer's, Maingay's, Thwaites's, Hooker 
 fil. and Thomson's, and other collections that have been distri- 
 buted from Kew and elsewhere, would have added at least another 
 volume to the work, and would have prolonged indefinitely the time 
 and cost of its production. All such references, if not checked 
 in the proofs, as well as in the MS., are sure to abound in errors; as 
 do indeed the collections themselves, requiring- in such cases the 
 introduction of cross references, discussions and critical notes, essential 
 for the verification of specimens, but not necessarily of species. More- 
 
 * Thus De Candolle's fragmentary " Systema" is not quoted for plants subsequently 
 included in his universally used " Prodromus ;" nor Boissier's inaccessible " Diagnoses 
 Plantarum Orientalium" for those subsequently included in his great work, the " Flora 
 Orientalis." The interposition of a semicolon between the author's name and that of 
 the work cited, indicates that the plant was not first described in that work ; its absence 
 indicates that it was. 
 
 With regard to the vexed question, whether to attach to a species the name of the 
 author who first described it, or of him who first put it into the genus to which I think 
 that it belongs, I have adopted the latter alternative, chiefly on the principle that a right 
 comprehension of genera is of higher importance than the power of describing a species. 
 The number of species described by authors who cannot determine their affinities, in- 
 creases annually, and I regard the naturalist who puts a described plant into its proper 
 position in regard to its allies, as rendering a greater service to science than its de- 
 scriber, when he either puts it into a wrong place, or throws it into any of those 
 chaotic heaps miscalled genera, with which systematic works still abound. I however 
 admit, that no laws or usages embrace all cases of disputed authority or priority, 
 and that the best hitherto proposed are open to great abuses ; but after many years' 
 experience I find that the plan which, in common with the majority of botanists, I have 
 followed, is open to the fewest objections, and does justice to the gi-eatest and most de- 
 serving number of naturalists. 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 over, such references would not have proved of the smallest use to the 
 Indian resident and traveller, for whom this work is specially in- 
 tended. 
 
 And here I must caution botanists against an over-reliance upon 
 the names attached to the Indian collections which have been distri- 
 buted from Kew, first by myself, and latterly by the keeper of the 
 herbarium, between 1855 and 1870. These collections orig-inally com- 
 prised about half a million of specimens, which had been accumulating 
 for upwards of thirty years, principally in the India House (where a 
 great number were wholly destroyed b}' damp and vermin), at Kew, 
 and at the Linnean Society, and consisted chiefly of the collections of 
 Griftith, Falconer, Heifer, Royle, G. Thomson, T. Thomson and myself, 
 Law, Stocks, Dalzell, and Gibson, together with the remainder of 
 Wallich's, and latterly Wight's. From these, after arrangement, up- 
 wards of 380,000 specimens were distributed in sets to public and 
 private museums in Europe, India, and America, every specimen bear- 
 ing a ticket with the name of the locality and collector, and that of the 
 plant, as far as it could be approximately determined. I have no reason 
 to suppose that these collections contain more errors in nomenclature 
 than do similar ones; but, as was explicitly stated when they were 
 sent out, such names are not to be regarded as authoritative. 
 
 The area over which each species is distributed, is indicated by dis- 
 tricts; these districts or geographical areas being botanical regions, 
 which coincide in the main so closely with the well recognized territo- 
 rial divisions of India, that a strict definition of them is unnecessary : 
 an account of their limits and physical features will be found in the 
 Introductory Essay to the Flora Indica, and its accompanying maps. 
 
 It has been a source of most sincere regret to me that a combination 
 of circumstances has prevented the continuation of the Indian Flora 
 upon the originally contemplated and more extended plan, under the 
 joint authorship of my old friend and fellow-traveller. Dr. Thomson, 
 and myself. Other duties in our respective services necessitated its 
 postponement for a very long period, until indeed it became obvious 
 that years were not left to us, even could we have commanded sufficient 
 leisure, to finish so laborious an undertaking. 
 
FLOEA OF BEITISH INDIA. 
 
 Order I. RANUNCULACE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves radical or alternate 
 (opposite in Clematidece). Stipules 0, or adnate to the petiole, rarely 
 free. Flowers regular or irregular, 1-2-sexual, rarely bracteate. Dish 
 very rarely present {Pceonia). Sejmls 5 or more, rarely 2-4, deciduous 
 (persistent in Poeonia), often petaloid, imbricate (valvate in Clematis). 
 Petals 0, or 3-5 or more, hypogynous, imbricate, often minute or de- 
 formed. Stamens hypogynous ; anthers usually adnate and dehiscing late- 
 rally. Carpels usually many, free, 1-celled ; stigma simple ; ovules one or 
 more on the ventral suture, anatropous, erect with a ventral or pendulous 
 with a dorsal raphe. Fruit of numerous 1-seeded achenes, or many-seeded 
 follicles, rarely a berry. Seed small, albumen copious ; embryo minute. — 
 DiSTRiB. Abundant in temperate and cold regions ; genera 30, known species 
 about 300. 
 
 Teibe I. Clexnatideae. Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. 
 Sepals petaloid, valvate. Caipels 1-ovuled; ovule pendulous. Fruit of 
 many achenes. 
 
 Petals 1. Clematis. 
 
 Petals many, linear 2. Navaveua. 
 
 Tribe II. Anexnoneee. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate. Sepals 
 petaloid, imbricate. Carpels 1-ovuled ; ovule pendulous. Fruit of many 
 achenes. 
 
 Petals 0, flowers involucrate 3. Anemone. 
 
 Petals 0, flowers not involucrate 4. Thalictkum. 
 
 Petals 5-15, wiih a nectariferous pit 5. Callianthemum. 
 
 Petals 5-16, with no nectariferous pit 6. Adonis. 
 
 Tribe III. Ranunculeae. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate. Sepals 
 herbaceous, imbricate. Carpels 1-ovuled ; ovules erect. Fruit of many 
 achenes. 
 
 Sepals 3-5, deciduous, petals usually 5 . . 7. Ranunculu-*. 
 
 Sepals 5 persistent, petals 10-15 8. Oxygraphis. 
 
 Tribe IV. Helleboreae. Herbs or undcrshrubs. Leaves alternate. 
 Sepals petaloid or herbaceous, imbricate. Carpels several, many-ovuled. 
 Fruit of 1 or more follicles (berried in Adoea). 
 
 VOL. I. ' B 
 
2 I. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 
 
 Flowers regular solitary or panicled. ^ / 
 
 Petals 0. leaves undivided 9. Cki.thk.^ 
 
 Petals O', leaves palmately divided 10. (.alathodes. 
 
 Petals bmall, carpels long-stalked 12- Cokfis. 
 
 Petals small, carpels sessile, flowers yellow 11. i kollius. 
 
 Petals small, carpels sessile, flowers white 13. I?^ui-yrl-m. 
 
 Petals as large as the .sepals, all spurred 14. Ai^uileoia. 
 
 Flowers regular racemed. 
 
 Carpel solitary, berried when ripe 17. Act.«a. 
 
 Carpels 4-8, follicular when ripe 18. Cimicifuga. 
 
 Flowers irregular. 
 
 Posterior sepal spurred lo- Delphinium. 
 
 Posterior tepal vaulted 16. Acumtum. 
 
 Tribe V. PeBonieae. Herbs or undershrubs. Sepals herbaceous, imbri- 
 cate. Carpeh several, several- ovuled, girt by a tlesby disk. Fruit of coria- 
 ceous few-seeded follicles. 
 
 19. P^ONIA. 
 
 1. CXiSBIATZS, Linn. 
 
 Woody, usually climbing underslirubs. Lmves opposite, usually com- 
 pound, exstipulate, petioles often twining, /n/orfsce/ice axillary or terminal. 
 Sepals usually 4, (to 8) petakdd, valvate. Fttals 0. Stamens many. 
 Carpels many, each with 1 pendulous ovule. Fruit a head of sessile or 
 stalked achenes, with long feathery styles, except in Sect. Viticella.— 
 DibTRiB. All temperate climates, rarer in the tropics ; species about 100. 
 
 Heot. I. Viticella, DC. Adienes beaked, without feathery styles. 
 
 ' 1. C. Cadmia, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4669 ; H.f.dc T. Fl. Ind. 5; C. 
 sulcata. Wall Cat. 4667. Tlialictrum bracteatum, A'oxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 671, 
 
 E. Bengal in tropical jungles, atid along the base of the Himalaya, from the Kosi 
 to Assam. Birma, Griffith. 
 
 A slender subherbaceous climber. Leaves 3-nalely decompound ; leaflets 1-2 in. 
 ovate-oblong, glabrous, base oblique or cordate. Flowers axillary, solitary ; peduncle 
 long, with ^wo leafy bracts about the middle. Stpals 5 to 6, f to 1 in. spreading, 
 linear-oblong, blue. Achenes many, large, broadly ovate, beak long straight, young 
 silky. 
 
 Sect. II. Cheiropsls, DC. Achenes with long feathery styles. Flowers 
 in axillary fascicles; pedicels 1 fld. 
 
 2. C. Napaulensis, DC. St/st. i. 164; leaves ternately divided, pedicels 
 with 2 connate bracts at or near the middle. //. /. <^ T. Fl. hid. G; 
 Wall. Cat. 4680. C. niontana, Don Frodr. 192 (not of others). 
 
 Temperate Himalaya from Garwhal to Bhotan. 
 
 A slender nearly glabrous climber. Lrafiits 1-2 in., elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes 
 very narrow, entire toothed or 3-lobed, 3-nerved, lateral oblique. Flowers many, 
 pedicels shorter than the leaves ; bracts forming a 2-lipped cup, in which the bud is 
 sessile. Sepals 4, oblong, silky outside. Filanients glabrous, tapering from a broad 
 Hat base ; anthers short. Achenes flat, margined, hairy. 
 
 3. C. montana, Ham. ex DC, S^.'it. i. 164; leaves ternately divided, 
 pedicels naked, stamens glabrous. Wall. Fl. As. Far. iii. t. 217; //. / 
 rfT 7'. Fl. Ind. 5. C. Punduana, Wall. Cat. 4862. C anemonitlora, Don 
 Frodr. 192 ; Anemone curta. Wall. Cat. 4690. 
 
Clematis,] i. kanunculacete. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 3 
 
 Temperate Himalaya from the Indus to the Bramaputra, ascending to 12,000 fi:., 
 always above 8500 ft. in Sikkim. Khasia hills above 4000 ft. 
 
 A woody climber, glabrous or silky. Leaves fascicled at the nodes; leaflets ovate, 
 toothed or incised, usually acute. Floivers 2 to 4 in. diam., often scented, white 
 or pinkish or yellowish ; pedicels exceeding the leaves. Sepals 4, elliptic, acute or 
 obtuse, glabrous or silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear ; anthers short. Achenes 
 flat, glabrous ; receptacle pilose. 
 
 4. C. barbellata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 25 ; leaves once 
 ternately divided, pedicels naked, anthers softly bearded on the back. Hook. 
 Bot. Mag. t. 4794; H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 5. C. nepaulensis, Moijle III. 51 (not 
 of others). 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya in Garwhal and Kumaon, Boyle, &c. 
 
 A woody climber, glabrous or neaily so. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed or 
 lobed. Flowers large, dull purple. Sepals oblong, acuminate, pubescent on both sur- 
 faces, margins villous. Filaments broadly linear, 1-nerved, often ciliate with loug 
 hairs ; auther-cells introrse. Achenes glabrous. 
 
 5. C. acutang-ula, H.f. <&. T. Fl. Ind. 5 ; leaves 2-pin nate, pedicels 
 2-bracteate at the base rarely in the middle, anthers softly hairy. 
 
 Khasia Hills, near MoHm, alt. 5000 ft. Griffith, H. f. & T. 
 
 A slender, hardy woody climber. Stem angled, deeply furrowed, slightly hairy. 
 Leaflets 1-2 in., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenate or 3-!obed. Floicers brownish- 
 yellow ; pedicels 1-3-nate, short. Sepals oblong, acute, pubescent outside. Filaments 
 narrow-linear, 1-nerved, pilose ; anthers introrse. Achenes flat, margined, pubesceat. — 
 Intermediate between this and the following section. 
 
 Sect. III. Flamiuula, DC. Achenes with long feathery tails. Flowers 
 in axillary panicles. 
 
 * Sepals spreading from the base. 
 
 t Filaments glabrous ; connective of anthers not produced. 
 
 6. C. smilacifolia, Wall, in Asiat. Researches, xiii. 414; Cat. 4683; 
 glabrous, leaves large usually simple ovate or cordate coriaceous entire or 
 remotely serrate. Bot. Mag. t. 4259; H.f (^ T. FL Ind. 6. C. subpeltata, 
 Wall. Fl. As. Ear. i. t. 20; Cat. 4868. C. Muiiroana, JVig/d III. I 5, t. 1. 
 C. smilacina, Blume Bijd. 1. 
 
 Himalaya from Sikkim eastwards, ascending to 5000 ft. Khasla hills ; Concan ; 
 Tkavancor ; Ava, — Distrib. Java, Borneo, Philippines. 
 
 A tall, glabrous, woody climber. Leaves 3-10 by 1-7 in., rarely once ternate, upper 
 smaller, narrower and cuneate at the base. Panicles 6-12 in. Floicers 1-1 1 in. diam. 
 Sepals 4-0, coriaceous, oblong, at length reflexed, outside dull-brown tomentose, inside 
 deep purple. Filaments membranous, linear, glabrous, inner shorter with longer 
 anthers; cormective produced. Achenes flat, pubescent, margins broad. 
 
 7. C. triloba, Betjne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 251 ; silky, leaves small simple 
 or once ternate entire or 1-3-toothed or -lobed. DC. Prodr. i. 8 ; W. d' A. 
 Prodr. i.2;H.f(h T. Fl. Ind. 7. 
 
 Mountains of the Mawal district of the Dekkan, and W. Concan. 
 
 An extensive climber. Leaves or leaflets 1-2 in., elliptic-ovate or cordate, 3-nervpd. 
 Panicle many-flowered; lower bracts leafy. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., white. Sepals 
 4 6, membranous, oblong, silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear, glabrous. 
 
 8. C. grata, Wcdl. Cat. 4668 ; PI. As. Rar. i. t. 98 ; hoary-pubescent, 
 leaves simply pinnate. H.f. d T. P'l. Ind. 7. 
 
 Subtropical and Temperate Himalaya, from Kumaon westwards, alt. 2-8000 ft. 
 — Distrib. Affghauistan, China, trop. Africa. 
 
 b2 
 
4 I. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. <fe Thoms.) [ClematL^. 
 
 A woody climber. Stem deeply furrowed. Leafets about 5, 1-2 in., broadly ovate 
 or cordate, acuminate, inci so-serrate or 3-lobed, villous on both surfaces or glabrate 
 above. Panicles often exceeding the leaves, decompound. Fhwers |-1 in. diam., 
 cream-coloured. JSepals tomentose outside. Filaments narrow-linear ; anthers short. 
 Achenes densely pubescent. — Variable in habit and pubescence. 
 
 9. C. G-ouriana, Roxh. Fl. Ind. il 670 ; usually glabrous, leaves pinnate 
 2-pinnate or 2- ternate, tiowers very small in dense panicles. DC. Proilr. 
 i. 3; Wall Cat. 4673 ; W . d' A. Prodr. 2 ; Wighl Ic. t. 933-4; //./ <{: T. 
 Fl. Ind. 8. C. cana, WaU. Cat. 4672. C. Javana, DC Prodr. i 7. 
 
 Hilly districts from the Western Himalaya, alt. 1-3000 ft. to CEYLOKand the 
 Eastekx Peninsula.— DisTRiB. Java, Philippines. 
 
 An extensive climber, young parts pubescent. Leaflets membranous, ovate-oblong 
 or cordate, acuminate, shining above, sometimes pubescent beneath. Panicles usually 
 exceeding the leaves. Floicers ^-4 in. diam., yellowish or greenish-white. Sepals 
 oliovate or oblong, revolute, puberulous, edges tomentose. * lilamevts narrow-linear. 
 Achenes narrow-oblong, hairy. — Resembles C. iritalha, and is very variable; two forms 
 with many intennediatcs are widely diffused, one with larger leaflets tomeiito^c 1.. low 
 and less shining above, the other with leaves glabrous on both surfaces. 
 
 10. C. puberula, B.f. d; T. ; pubescent, leaves pinnate, lealiets siuipie 
 or 3-sect, tiowers small few (3-9) in a lax panicle. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, from Simla to Garwhal; Kuasia hills, alt. 
 2-4000 ft 
 
 Climbing Stem deeply grooved, slender, downy. Leaflets membranous, 1-1 4 in., 
 ovate- lanceolate, entire or remotely toothed, pubescence scattered. Panicles shorter 
 than the leaves; pedicels slender. Sepals 4 in., linear-oblong, acute, 3-nerved, silky 
 outside. Filaments narrow- linear ; anthers short. AcJtents silky. — Confounded in 
 Fl. Ind. with C. nutans. 
 
 ft Filaments glabrous; connective of anther more or less jrroduced. 
 
 11. C. hedysarifolia, DC. Syst.'i. 118; nearly gkbrous, leaves simply 
 pinnate, Icaticts reticulate, connective much produced. II. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 7. 
 {Fxcl. citation of But, Ileg.) 
 
 CoNCAN, Law; Belgaum, Pdtchie ; Peou, Ilore (in Brit. Mus.). 
 
 A woody climber. Leaflets 3-5, 2-4 in., coriaceous, ovate or cordate, acuminate, 
 entire or coarsely toothed. Panicles many-flowered. Flowers % in. diam. Sepals 
 4-5, long acuminate. Autlier-ceUs marginal. Achenes hairy, margins tubercled. 
 
 12. C. aploulata, H.f d T. ; pubescent, leaves 3-foliolate long pe- 
 tioled, connective very shortly produced. 
 
 Khasia hills; Nunklow, Griflith; Churra, H.f. <& T. 
 
 A woody climber. Leaflets short-stalked, ovate-oblong, acute, base rounded, coarselv 
 toothed from the middle upwards. Panicles niany flowered. Floicers small. S'pals 
 ^-J in., oblong, tonieiito.se outside. Filaments broadly linear, short, scarcely exceeding 
 the anthers. Achenes broadly oval, hairy. 
 
 ttt Filaments hairy ; connective of anther not produced. 
 
 13. C. graveolens, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. i. 307 ; glabrous except 
 the tiowers, leaves pinnately decompound, sepals elliptic obtuse. C. parvi- 
 folia, H.f d T. FL. Ind. 9 {not of Ed.gtwortfi). 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, from Marri to Kulu and Kumaon, alt. 
 6-11,000 ft. 
 
 , A slender climber. Leaflets \-\ in., toothed or incised, or 3-lobed or -partite, ter- 
 minal bcgmeut oblong, acute or obtuse. Panicles 3-7-flowered; upper flowers olten 
 
Clematis.] i. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 5 
 
 solitary with a pair of pinnate leafy bracts on the peduncle. Flowers l§-2 in. diam., 
 pale yellow, odour heavy. Sepah ptibescent outside, densely tomentose inside. Fila- 
 ments narrow-linear. Achenes pubescent. — Resembles the European C. Flammula. 
 
 14. C. orientalis, L. ; glabrous, glaucous, leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate, 
 sepals ovate acuminate. H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 9. 
 
 Western Himalaya, dry itiner valleys from the Indus to Kumaon, ascending to 
 14,000 ft. Westkrn Tibet, T. T. — Distrib. Temp. Asia, from Persia to Manchuria. 
 
 A large woody climber, branchlets sometimes puberulous. Leaflets 1-2 in., orbi- 
 cular to ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire toothed or cut. Panicles many-flowered. 
 Flowers \\ in. diam., yellow or mottled with purple. Sepals 4, villous outside or on 
 both surfaces, edges tomentose. Filaments membranous, tapering from a broad base, 
 silky or ciliate. Achenes oblong, silkily hairy. — Very variable. 
 
 Var. 1. acutifolia; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers usually 
 large. C. tenuifolia, Boyle III. 51. C. graveolens. Hook. Bot. Mag. i. 4495 (not of 
 Lindl.). C. parvifolia, Edgeio. in Linn. Trans, xx. 25. C. Ispahanica, Boiss. Fl. 
 Orient, i. 3 (flowers small). C. longicaudata, Ledeh. Fl Boss. i. 3. 
 
 Var. 2. obtusifolia ; usually very glaucous, leaves oblong obtuse, flowers small .or 
 middle-sized. C. glauca, Willd. 
 
 Var. 3. latifolia ; glaucous, leaves orbicular or oval obtusely lobed, flowers middle- 
 sized. C. globosa, Boyle 111. 51 . C. albida, Klotzsch in Bot. Beis. Pr. Wald. t. 40. 
 
 15. C. Wigrbtiana, Wall. Cat. 4674; softlv downy, leaves pinnate, 
 sepals broadly ovate. W. <k A. Frodr. 2 ; Wight Ic. t. 935 ; H.f. d- T. Fl. 
 Ind. 10. 
 
 Hills of the Dekkan, Orissa, Concan and Nilghiri, ascending to 7000 ft., 
 Wight, &c. 
 
 A large woody climber. Leaflets usually 5, 2 in., orbicular- or ovate-cordate, 
 3-5-lobed, densely villous and brown below, at length glabrate above. Flowers 2-24 
 in. diam., in decompound panicles. Sepals 4, brown-tomentose outside. Filaments 
 narrow-linear, silky below the middle, glabrous at the base and tip ; anthers short. 
 Achenes silky. 
 
 ** Sepals erect, with recurved tips. Filaments hairy ; connective not pro- 
 duced. 
 
 16. C. nutans, Mot/le III. 51 ; silkily pubescent, leaves decompoundly 
 pinnate. H.f. S T. Fl. Ind. 10. 
 
 Western subtropical Himalaya, from the Sutlej to Kumaon, alt. 2-5000 ft., 
 Boyle, &c. Khasia hills, at Nurtiung, alt. 4000 ft., H.f. & T. Behar, on Parasnath, 
 alt. 2000 ft. 
 
 Stem furrowed, slender, woody, climbing. Leaflets 1-3 in., ovate oblong or lanceo- 
 late, deeply acutely or obtusely 3-5-lobed, rarely entire. Flowers 1^-3 in. diam., in 
 much branched many-flowered panicles, pale yellow. Sepals oblong, many-nerved, 
 silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear, silky below the middle, tapering upwards ; 
 anthers short. Achenes large, ovate, silky-hairy, 
 
 17. C. acuminata, DC. Sijst. i. 148 ; glabrous except the flowers, leaves 
 once ternate, rarely simple. I)on Frodr. 192 : Wall. Cat. 4670; H.f. & T. 
 Fl. Ind. 11. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Garwhal to Bhotan. Upper Assam, Mishmi and Pat- 
 kay, Griflith, 
 
 A large, woody, slender, branched climber. Leaflets 3-5 in,, ovate or ovate-lanceo- 
 late, acuminate, shining, quite entire or minutely distantly toothed. Flowers 1-1 4 in. 
 diam., in decompound (sometimes few-flowered) panicles. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 
 more or less pubescent outside, suberect or spreading. Filaments narrow-linear, ciliate 
 with long spreading hairs throughout. Achenes silky. — The following varieties may 
 prove species: — 
 
6 1. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Clematis. 
 
 Yar. 1, WaUichii; more slender, leaflets smaller naiTOwer more membranous, 
 flowers fewer larger, bnds tomentose. — W. Himalaya, Nepal, Bhotan. 
 
 Var 2. Sildimensis ; leaflets larger, coriaceous, flowers very nuraerou's. smaller, 
 buds glabrous except tbe margins of the sepals. — Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., H. f. <£• T. 
 Misbmi and Naga hills, Griffith. 
 
 18. C. connatai DC. Prodr. i. 4 ; glabrous, leaves pinnate, sepals not 
 ribbed, filatiients tapering to a point. Wall. Cat. 4679 ; H.J. t(- T. Fl. Ind. 
 ] 1 . C. venosa, Eoyle 111. 51 ; C. amplexicaulis, velutina, and gracilis, Edgew. 
 in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 24. 
 
 Tempkrate Himalaya, from Hazara to Sikkim, alt. 4-10,000 ft. 
 
 A large woody clin)ber, young parts with scattered hairs. LeafieU 3-7, distant, 
 2-4 in., broadly ovate-cordate, coarsely serrate or sub-3-lobed. Flowers in many- 
 flowered panicles. /Sepals oblong, subacnte, pubescent outside, densely tomentose 
 inside. Flaments narrow-linear below, hairy; anthers short. Achenes silky -pubes- 
 cent. — Closely allied to C. liitchanarnxna, but smoother, smaller flowered, and leaflets 
 narrower ; petioles often connate into a coriaceous or woody flat expansion. 
 
 19. C. Buchananiana, DC. St/st. i. 140 ; hoary or coarsely hairy, leaves 
 simply pinnate, sepals ribbed, filaments linear. //./. <{• 7\ Fl. Ind. 10. 
 
 Throughout the Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft. Mishmi, Griffith. 
 
 A large woody climber. Leaflets 5-7, 2-3 in., broadly ovate or suborbicular-cor- 
 date, obtuse or acute, coarsely serrate or 3-5 lobcd. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., \n branched 
 many-flowered panicles, often sweet-scented. Sepals linear-oblong, many-ribbed, 
 tomentose on both surfaces. Filaments densely hairy ; anthers elongate. Achenes 
 densely hairy. — Very variable, roughly divisible as follows : — 
 
 Vak. 1. rttgosa; stem tomentose, leaves rugo.se and reticulate while and hoary espe- 
 cially beneath. C. Buchnnaniana, Wall. Cat. 4677. 
 
 Var. 2. vitifolia (sp Wall. 6V. 4676) ; stem pubescent, leaves membranous slightly 
 pubescent. 
 
 Var. 3. tortvosa (sp. Wall. Cat. 4676) ; stem with long soft fibrous hairs, leaves 
 glabrous or veins only si.ky. 
 
 20. C. grewisBflora, DC. S>/si. i. 140 ; densely tomentose, leaves 
 simply pinnate, filaments filiform above. Dmi Frodr. 191 : Wall. Cat. 4678 ; 
 JI. f. <i' T. Fl. Ind. 10. 
 
 LoAVEu Temperate and Sdbtropical Himalaya, alt. 3-5000 ft., from Kumaon to 
 Bhotan. 
 
 A large woody climber. Leaflets 3-5, 3-4 in., broadly ovate-cordate, more or less 
 serrate, usually deeply 5-lobed. Panicles manv-flowered. Sepals 14 in., oblong, 
 densely tomentose outside, pubescent inside. Filaments 1 in., naiTow-lincar below, 
 covered with soft spreading hairs ; anthers very long, narrow, twisted after flowering. 
 
 Doubtful Species. 
 
 C. LOAs.BFOLiA, DC. Syst. \. 140; flowerless, doubtless either C. gretviaflora or 
 Wightiana. * 
 
 C. LOA8IFOLIA, Don Prodr. 191. Trobably C. Buchananiana. 
 
 C. scABioa^FOLiA, DC. Syst. i. 154. India? Herb. Mus. Paris. 
 
 C. viLLOSA, DC. Syst. i. 154. India ? Herb. Mus. Paris. 
 
 C. comosa, DC. Syst. i. 156. India? Herb. Mus Paris. {C. trilohaf) 
 
 C. GR088A, WaU. Cat. 4671 (not of Dent h.) Ava ; too imperfect for determi- 
 nation. 
 
 2. NAaAVEZ.ZA, DC. 
 
 Clinibing shrubs. Flowers in axillary 1-flowered peduncles. Leaves 
 3-foliolate, terminal leaflet generally transformed into a tendril Sepals 
 
NaravcUa.'] i. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 7 
 
 4-5. Petals 6-12, narrow, longer than the calyx. Aclienes narrow, long, 
 stipitate, with long-bearded styles — Distelb. Two E. Asiatic species. 
 
 1 . W. zeylanica, DC. Si/st. i. 167 ; more or less pubescent, leaflets broad- 
 ovate, smmlsliiiear-s^atl^ Wall. Cat. 4687 ; Iv. S A. Frodr. 2 ; H.f.dh 
 T. FLlnd. 5. Atragene zeylanica, L.; Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. t. 188; FL Ind. 
 
 ii. 670. 
 
 Tropical forests of the Himalaya, from E. Nepal eastward, Bengal, Assam, E, 
 AND W. Peninsulas, Ceylon. — Distuib. Java. 
 
 Leaf, ts usually cordate at the base, entire or coarsely toothed, often tomentose below, 
 sometimes pubescent on the nerves -ordy. Flowers ^-f in. diam. ^Sepals pubescen t 
 outside, twice as long as the glabrous peta ls. 
 
 2. N. laurifolia, Wall. Cat. 4685 ; glabrous, leaflets narrow acuminate, 
 base usually acute, petals very long linear not spathulate. Fl.f. d' T. Fl. 
 Ind. 3. N. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat.46S (achenes diseased, subulate, beard- 
 less, corky, seedless). 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Mergui to Malacca and Penang. — Distrib. Eastward to the 
 Philippines. 
 
 3. ANEIKEONE, Linn. 
 
 Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, lobed or divided. Floivers on 1- or more- 
 flowered simple or branched scapes ; involucre 3-partite, bracts free or con- 
 nate. Sepals 4-20, petaloid, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens many, outer 
 sometimes deformed or petaloid. Carpels many; ovule 1, pendulous. 
 Fruit a head of sessile achenes, with short or long naked or bearded styles. 
 — DiSTKiB. Cold and temperate regions, very rare in the S. hemisphere ; 
 species 80. 
 
 Sect. I. Pulsatilla, DC. Achenes with long feathery styles. 
 
 1. A, albana, Stev. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Mosc. iii. 264 ; softly hairy, 
 leaves pinnatisect, sepals erect. DC. Frodr . i. 17; H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 19. 
 A. Wallichiana, Royle III. 52. 
 
 Wkst Tibet; above 15,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. N. Asia, from Armenia 
 to Baikal. 
 
 Densely tufted. Rootstock thick, woody, clothed with old leaf-sheaths. Leaf- 
 segments pinnatifid ; ultimate broadly linear, incised. Scape 6 in., fruiting 12 in. 
 Invol. leaves connate at the base, 3-fid or pinnatifid above. Flowers solitary, nodding, 
 dull red-brown. Sepals with erect tips, silky outside, about asdong as the stamens. — 
 Probably an alpine state of the European A. pratensis, but the invol. is less divided. 
 Tibetan specimens are usually smaller than the Siberian, but not always. 
 
 Sect. II. Erioceplialus, //./. & T. Achenes with short styles, imbedded 
 in dense wool. ^ 
 
 2. A. biflora, DC Syst. i. 201 ; rootstock tuberous, scape glabrous, 
 leaves 3-partite or 3-foliolate, segments rounded, flowers 1-3 small //./. 
 d) T. Fl. hid. 20. A. Gordschakowii, Kar. <k Kir. in PI. Soong. No. 14. 
 —Griff. It. notes, 349. 
 
 Kashmir ; in di-y stony places, alt. 4-6000 ft. — Distrib. Turkestan and E. to Persia 
 Scape 2-8 in., slender, usually quite glabrous. Radical leaves long-petioled ; seg- 
 ments suborbicular or broadly cuneate, palmately-lobed or partite. Invol. leaves 
 sessile, lobed to the middle. Floivers dull red ; pedicels pubescent, lateral with a. 
 2-leaved involucre, the terminal naked. 
 
 7 
 
8 I. RANUNCULACEiK. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Anemone. 
 
 3. A. rupicola, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. 2 ; rootstock long slender 
 woody, scape silky, leaves 3-partite, segments acutely toothed or cut, flowers 
 1-2 large. H. f. dc T. Fl. Ind. i. 20. 
 
 Inner alpine valleys of the Himalaya, from Gores and Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 
 12-15,000 ft., /ac7we7now<. &c. 
 
 ^^cape 12 in., softly silky. Radical leaves longpetioled, segments more or less 
 petioied, sharply incised or 3-lobed. Invol. leaves almost sessile, S-lobed to the middle ; 
 segments toothed and cut. Fhicers showy ; lateral pedicels invnlucellate. Sepals 1-1 \ 
 in., broadly oval, downy outside. Achenes in an oval head. — Variable in pubescence 
 and acuteness of leaf-lobes. 
 
 Vau. 1. sericea; leaves coarsely toothed, softly silky. 
 
 Var. 2. glahriuscula ; nearly glabrous, leaves sharply cut. 
 
 4. A. vitlfolia, Ham. ex DC. Syst. \. 210; rootstock stout woody, 
 scape branched many-flowered, leaves orbicular-cordate. Don Prodr. 193 ; 
 Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3376 ; Wall. Cat. 4695 ; //./. d: T. Fl. hid. 20. 
 
 Tempehatk Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft. : in Sikkim found only on the inner ranges. 
 MisHMi, Griffith. 
 
 Stem 1-3 ft, stout, erect, branched. Radical leaves 4-8 in. diam., deeply 5-lobed, 
 glabrous above, densely tomentose beneath ; lobes sharply lobulate and cut. Jnvol. 
 leaves petiolate, like the radical. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam , white, in decompound cymes; 
 hiteral peduncles involucellate. Sej)als 5-8, silky outside. Achenes in large heads. — 
 Habit of A.japonica, but leaves 3-foliolate. 
 
 Sect. III. Anemonanthea, DC. Achenes ti\)])ed by a short style, not 
 imbedded in wool, oblong cylindric or slightly compressed. 
 
 5. A. Griffithii, H. f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 21 ; rootstock horizontal woody, 
 invol. leaves like the radical long-petioled free, scape 1-2-flowered. 
 
 East Himalaya. Lachen valley in Sikkim, alt. 8-9000 ft., H.f. ; Bhotan, near 
 Chuka, alt. 6000 ft., and Mi.«»hmi hills, Griffith. 
 
 A small plant. Leaven 3-partite ; segments cuneate at the base, tapering upwards 
 to a point, 3-lobtd; lobes inciso crenate. Flowers 1 in. diam., white or pinkish. — 
 Habit o{ A. nemorosa, L., and A. ranunculoides, L. 
 
 6. A. Falconer!, Thoms. in Hook. Tc. PI. t. 899 ; rootstock short stout 
 fibrous, invol. leaves small ses.sile connate, flowers solitary. H.f.d;T.Fl. 
 ind. 21. Hepatica sp., Falc. in Royle J II. 25 {in note). 
 
 West Temperate Himalaya, in shady woods; Kashmir, Falconer; Kishtwar, 
 Thovuon; Hazara, /. L. Stewart. 
 
 Softly hairy. Radical leaves many, long-petioled, 3-partite ; segments ovate-cuneate, 
 lobed. Scapes 3-6 in. ; invol. leaves oblong, entire or obtusely 3-lobed. Flovers ^-4 
 in. diam., white, shortly pedicelled. Achenes oblong, angled, silky. — Habit oi Hepatica, 
 but flowers pedicelled. 
 
 7. A. obtusiloba, Don Prodr. 194 ; rootstock woody fibrous, radical 
 leaves 3-partite, segments broad sessile, invol. leaves small sessile free, 
 scape 1-3- flowered. H.f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 22. A. Govaniana, Wall. Cat. 4688. 
 A. discolor, Royle III. 52. t. 11, /. 1. A. micrantha, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. 
 Pr. Waldem. t. 38. A. mollis. Wall. Cat. 4689, in part 
 
 Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 9-15,000 ft. 
 
 Densely tufted, glabrate or softly hairy. Rootstock clothed with old leaf-sheaths. 
 Radical leaves many, stalked, suborbicular, deeply cordate ; segments broad, cuneate, 
 variously cut and lobed, rarely shortly petiolate. A^capes 6-12 in., 1-3- flowered; 
 invol, leaves 3-fid. Flowers white purplish or golden; pedicels long, slender. Sepals 
 
3 
 Anemone.] i. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. <fe Thorns.) 9 
 
 silky outside, generally lead-coloured near the claw. Achenes strigose, rarely glabrous. 
 — Very variable in size, hairiness, and colour of flower ; the most abnormal torm is de- 
 scribed as var. glabra in FL Ind. iroiu W, Tibet ( Winterbottom), it is quite glabrous 
 with very many golden sepals. 
 
 8. A. rupestris, Wall. Cat. 4696; slightly hairy, rootstock stout 
 fibrous, radical leaves 3-partite, segments narrow petiolecl,^invol. leaves 
 small sessile free, scape 1-3-flowered. H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 21. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir and Hazara to Sikkim ; ascending to 15,000 ft., 
 WalUch, &c. 
 
 Probably a state of A. obtusiloba, but smaller, more slender, less hairy, with narrower 
 segments to the more cut leaves. The Sikkim specimens have more divided leaves and 
 hooked glabrous achenes, but the latter are immature. — Flower golden yellow. 
 
 9. A. trullifolia, ZT. /. <& T. Fl. Ind. 22 ; densely hairy, rootstock stout 
 fibrous, radical leaves oval 3-lubed, in vol. leaves small sessile free, scape 
 1-3-flowered. 
 
 Alpine Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim, alt. 11-15,000 ft., Hooker /.; Bhotan, 
 Griffith. 
 
 Probably another form of A. obtusiloba, with more entire leaves, and more silky 
 hairs, the flowers are 2:olden yellow and achenes densely strigose. — Amongst Strachey's 
 specimens of^. obtusiloba, are some with similarly entire leaves, but they are longer- 
 petioled and less hairy than in A. trullifolia. 
 
 10. A. rivularis, Ham. in DC. Sysi. i. 211 {not of Wall. Cat); silky- 
 pubescent, rootstock stout woody, radical leaves 3-partite, segments lobed 
 and serrate, invol. leaves large free, cymes many-flowered. Bon Prodr. 
 i. 93 ; H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 23. A. hispida, Wall. Cat. 4694. A. Wightiana, 
 Wall. Cat. 4697; W. (k A. Prodr. 3; Wight Ic. t. 936. A. dubia. Wall. 
 Cat. 4698; W. & A. Prodr. 3 ; A. geraniifolia, Wall. Cat. 4693. 
 
 Temperate regions above 5000 ft. throughout India, and Ceylon. 
 
 Stem 1-3 ft., branclied. Badical leaves long-petioled, 3-6 in. diam.; segments 
 cuneate at the base, broadly oval or trapezoid, deeply 3-lobed, lobes cut and serrate. 
 Cyme compound; branches spreading, elongate, 2-bracteolate ; invol. leaves large, 3- 
 partite, ultimate segments linear-oblong, acutely inciso-serrate. Flowers I-I4 in. 
 diam., white or bluish outside. Sepals 5-8, silky outside. Achenes large, oblong; 
 style hooked. — A monster with the inflorescence or leafy umbel often 6 in. diam., is 
 common in the W. Himalaya. 
 
 Sect. IV. Omalooarpus, DC. Achenes with a short style, not imbedded 
 in wool, much compressed, almost winged. (Flowers usually many in the 
 umbels ; pedicels not involucellate.) 
 
 * Flowers in simple umbels {sometim.es compound in 12, polyanthes.) 
 
 11. A. demissa, //./. & T. Fl. Ind.-^"^ ; softly hairy, leaves 3-partite, 
 Segments petiolate, scapes decumbent. 
 
 Alpine Eastkrn Himalaya ; Sikkim, alt. 13-16,000 ft., Hooher f. 
 
 Rootstock woody, clothed with old leaf-sheaths. Leaves 1 in. diam.,orbicular ; seg- 
 ments cuneate-obovate, variously cut. Scapes 6-16 in., stout; invol. leaves small, 
 3-lobed. Flowers 3-6, 1 in. diam., bluish. Achenes very flat, orbicular, glabrous ; 
 style deflexed. 
 
 12. A. polyanthes, Dm Prodr. 194; densely silky, leaves 5-7-lobed, 
 scapes erect. //. / & T. Fl. Ind. 24. A. longiscapa. Wall. Cat. 4691. A. 
 scaposa, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 27. A. villosa, Hoyle III. 52. A. 
 Govaniana, lb. p. 45 {not. Wall, cit* Doii.) 
 
10 I. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Anemone. 
 
 IxNER Himalaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft,; from Kashmir to Sikkim, Walli'ch, &c. 
 
 Rootstock stout, woody. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves long-petioled, 2-4 in, diam., reniform- 
 cordate ; lobes broad, cuneate, 3-fid and crenate. Umbels many-flowered, simple or 
 with the side branches divided and involucellate ; invol. leaves ciuieate-oblong, variable, 
 more or less cut. Flowers 1 in, diam., white. Achenes broadly oval, with a sharp 
 straight beak. — Perhaps only a form of A. narcissiflora, with less cut leaves, more com- 
 pound umbel, and differently shaped achenes, 
 
 13. A. narcissiflora, L. ; DC. Prodr, i. 21 ; densely villous, leaves 
 palmately 5-partite, segments deeply cut into linear lobes, scapes erect. 
 B.f.(i:T.Fl.Ind.M. 
 
 Kashmir, Falconer, Winterbottom. — Distrib. Alps of S, and Central Europe, W. 
 Asia, Siberia, N. W. America. 
 
 Very similar to and prob;ibly connected by intermediates with A. pnhjanthes, but 
 smaller, I It. high ; leaves 1-2 in. diam.; flowers simply umbelled, and achenes nearly 
 orbicular with an incurved beak. 
 
 ** Flowers in umheh or cymes {see 12, polyanthes). 
 
 14. A. tetrasepala, /?oy« III. 53; glabrate, leaves deeply 5-lobed, 
 achenes obovate-oblong with a hooked beak. //./. <(♦ T. Fl. I ml. 24. 
 
 Western Himalaya, Marri, Kashmir and Kishlwar, alt. 8-11,000 ft. 
 
 liootstock woody, crown fibrous ; buds, petioles, and young leaves woolly. Badical 
 leaves 3-10 in. diam., long-petioled, coriaceous, reniform or cordate, deeply 5 lobed ; 
 segments acute, entire lobed or inciso serrate. Cyme of?en thrice branched, contracted 
 or efluse and 1 foot long; invol. leaves large, broadly cuneate, sharply toothed. 
 Flowers white, — A large robust species allied to A. polyanthes. 
 
 15. A. elong'ata, Don Prodr. 194 ; pubescent, leaves^ 3-partite, acliene.s 
 broadly oval with a short straight beak. II. f. d.' T. Fl. Ind. 25. A. rivu- 
 laris, Wall. Cat. 4(i92 {tmt of ot/wrs). 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, Garwhal, alt. 10,000 ft., Str. & Winterh.; Nipal, Wallich; 
 Khasia hills, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & T. 
 
 liootstock small, fibrous, /iiten 2-3 ft., slender, pubescent. Badlral leaves 2-4 in. 
 diam., long-petioled, orbicular, base cordate, with a tew soft hairs chiefly below; later.il 
 segments deeply 2-lobed, mid-segment 3-lobed ; lobes acute, inciso dentate. Cymes 
 elongate, few-flowered, twice or thrice divided, fascicles 2-3flowered. Invol. leaves 
 oblong or broad -cuneate, variously toothed. Flowers white, — llemarkable for the elon- 
 gate stems and 8cap«;s. 
 
 4. TKAZ.ICTRUM, Linn. 
 
 Erect, usually rigid, perennial herbs. Leaves compound ; petioles sheath- 
 ing, often auricled or stipuled. Flowers panicled or racenied, often poly- 
 gamous. Sepcds 4-5, petaloid, imbricate. Petals 0. IStamens many. Carpels 
 lew or many ; ovule 1, penduloust Fruit a small head of sessile or stalked 
 achenes ; style i)ersistent or deciduous.- Distrib. Temperate and cold 
 northern regions, very rare in the S. ; species 60. 
 
 Sect. I. Physocarpum, DC. Achenes stalked, laterally compressed, 
 flat or inflated. Leaves ternately decompound, or in 6, pauojUtrum. 2-ternately 
 divided. 
 
 1. T. eleg-ans, Wall. Cat. 4728; stem 8-12 in., leaves 2-3 in. glaucous 
 beneath, flowers small, anthers short mucronate, achenes long-stalked 
 ventral suture winged. Kotjle III 61 ; //./. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 13; Edgew. in 
 Trans. Linn. iSoc. xx. 26. 
 
TJialictnim.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 11 
 
 ScBALPiNE Himalaya, from Hazara to Sikkim, alt. 10-13,000 ft. 
 
 Leaves decompound ; leaflets small, suborbicular, 3-lobed or -partite ; segments ob- 
 ovate. Panicle sparingly branched ; branches almost racemose. Flowers very small, 
 green-purple. Filaments filiform. Achenes 6-12, shorter than their stalks, obliquely 
 obovate, membranous ; stigma sublateral, incurved.' 
 
 2. T. platycarpum, //. /. d: T. Fl. Ind. 13; stem 8-18 in., leaves 
 2-3 in, glandular-pubemlous beneath, flowers small, anthers long not 
 pointed, achenes short-stalked strongly 3-ribbed on each side. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya and West Tibet, rare ; Nubra, H. Strachey ; Hundes, Str. & 
 
 Wint. ; Badrinath and Chur in Garwhal, Falconer. 
 
 . Habit and appearance of T. elegans, but more wiry, branches of panicle longer and 
 more leafy, and segments of leaves sharper. Flowers greenish. Achenes 4-10, gla- 
 brous, broadly obovate, dorsal suture nearly straight. — Probably an alpine state of T. 
 cultratum. 
 
 3. T. cultratum, Wall. Cat. 3715 ; PI. As. Par. ii. 26 ; stem 2-4 ft., 
 leaves large, flowers greenish-white, anthers with a long point, achenes 
 short-stalked 3-ribbed on each side. T. Chelidonii /3, H. f. d- T. Fl. 
 Ind. 13. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft. 
 
 Glabrous, branched. Leaf-sheaths with small auricles; leaflets J-J in., obovate- 
 cuneate, membranous, glabrous or slightly pubescent below, obtusely 3-lobed, lobes 
 mucronate, of the upper leaves acute. Panicles lax. Sepals ^ in. Achenes glabrous, 
 4 obovate, dorsal suture straight ; style straight or hooked. 
 
 4. T. Chelidonii, DC. Prodr. i. 11 ; stem 2-8-flowered, leaves large, 
 flowers large lilac or purple, anthers shortly mucronate, achenes long-stalked 
 membranous reticulate, style incurved. T. Chelidonii y cysticarpum, H. f. 
 d: T.Fl.Lid. 14. T. cysticarpum. Wall. Cat. 3714; PI. As. Rar. ii. t. 129. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft. ; from Kulu to Sikkim. 
 
 Usually much-branched. Leaflets of the lower leaves I in. diam., orbicular- 
 cordate, 3-4-erenate or lobed, glabrous and pale beneath ; floral leaflets sharply toothed. 
 Panicle with long rigid branches; pedicels often 1 in., rigid, tips deflexed, especially in 
 fruit. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Achenes numerous, as long as 
 their stalk. — Muricated bulbils often occur in the leaf axils ; monstrous states have 
 many or all the achenes enlarged and seedless. 
 
 5. T. reniforme. Wall. Cat. 3716 ; PI. As. Rar. ii. 26 ; glandular when 
 young, stem 3-6 ft., leaves large, flowers small greenish-white, anthers with 
 a long point, achenes long-stalked puberulous 3-ribbed on each side, style 
 straight. T. Chelidonii a reniforme, H. /. d T. PI. Ind. 13. T. neurocar- 
 pum, Uoyle III. 51. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Kulu to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft. 
 ^ Usually much branched. Leaf-sheaths expanding into adnate stipules ; principal 
 divisions with white deciduous stipellae at the base ; leaflets I-I4 in. diam., orbicular- 
 cordate, often slightly 3-lobed, pale and softly pubescent beneath, floral smaller and 
 more sharply toothed. Panicle lax, decompound. Flowers smaller than in the two 
 last, l-\ in diam. Sepals very deciduous. Achenes 6-8, as long as their stalks, 
 ^-obovate, dorsal suture straight. 
 
 6. T. pauciflorum, Royle III. 52 ; glabrous, stem 1-2 ft., leaves sub- 
 sessile 2-ternate, flowers small, anthers shortly pointed, achenes short- 
 stalked 3-nerved on each side, style straight. H.f. d- T. Fl. Ind. 14. T. 
 secundum and T. macrostignia, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 26. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 7-13,000 feet. 
 
12 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Thallctrum. 
 
 Stem branched. Leaves Rinall, uniform in size all up the stem ; leaflets obnvate- 
 cuneate, 3-4-lobed, reticulate, pale beneath, all petioled, mid-leaflets longest-petioled. 
 Panicle with 1 or few flowers at the ends of long branches. Sepals 3-nerved, ovate, 
 acute. Achenes 3-5, obovate, dorsal suture straight. 
 
 Sect. IT. Euthalictrum, DC. Achenes not compressed, oval or oblong, 
 sessile or stalked (see 11, aljnnum, and 14, Punduanum). 
 
 * Achenes elongate, more or less stipitate. Anthers with a very short 
 beak or 0. 
 
 7. T. virgratum, H.f. d- T. Fl. Ind. 14; leaves subsessile simply ter- 
 nate, flowers small white, achenes many small erect acute at each end 
 ribbed, stigma straight. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, inner valleys of Sikkim, alt. 6-10,000 ft, Hook.f. Bhotan 
 Griffith (It. notes, 284). 
 
 Glabrous. Stem erect, 1-1 4 ft. Leaflets \-\ in., coriaceous, reticulate, orbicular, 
 5-7-lobed, base cuneate, glaucous beneath. Panicle decompound, spreading, bracts 
 minute. Anthers not beaked. Achenes 10-25, very shortrstalked. 
 
 8. T. rutcefolium, fl.f. dc T. FL Ind. 14; glabrous, weak, straggling, 
 leaves decompoundly pinnate, flowers racemed very small greenish, achenes 
 few many-ribbed oblong curved, style incurved. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 10-14,000 ft., Thomson; interior of Sikkim, alt. 12,000 ft. 
 Hook.f. 
 
 More or less glaucous. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaf sheath auricled ; divisions stipellate; 
 leaflets very small, 3-lobcd or -partite, base cuneate. Panicle with long rigid simple 
 branches; pedicels spreading or dcflexcd. Anthers short; shortly beaked. Achenes 
 shortly stipitate, abruptly deflexed, beaked by the style. — The Sikkim specimens are 
 greener and more luxuriant than the Tibetan, and have longer achenes. 
 
 9. T. pedunoulatum, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 27 ; leaves 
 3-ternate, flowers large white, achenes elongate strongly ribbed, style in- 
 curved. B.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 15 ; Griff. It in. not. 348. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya ; Simla to Kaffristan, alt. 6-8000 ft., Edgeworth, &c. 
 
 Glabrous. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves long-petioled, primary and secondary divisions 
 long-stalked; leaflets membranous, 1 in. diam., orbicular or cuneate-obovate, 3-7- 
 lobed. Panicle terminal; pedicels long. Sepals variable in size, ^-\ in., oblong, 
 obtuse, twice as long as the stamens. Anthers not pointed, short. Achenes 4-| in., 
 Hnear-oblong, tapering at both ends. — Griffith's Kaflfristan specimens are larger flowered 
 than the Himalayan. 
 
 10. T. rostellatum, //./. d- T. Fl. Ind. 15 ; diffusely branched, leaves 
 ternately decompound, flowers small white, achenes tapering into a straight 
 beak half their length, tip hooked. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-11,000 ft., rare, from Simla, Jacquemont, &c., to 
 Sikkim, Hook.f 
 
 ** Achenes short, oblong, ribbed, subsessile (stalked in 11, alpinum send 
 14, Punduanum). 
 t Leaves simple, once or twice ternate, or pinnate {rarely 2-pinnaie). 
 
 11. T. alpinuxn, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 12 ; small, slender, leaves all radical 
 pinnate rarely 2-pinnate, flowers racemed, achenes oblong striate subsessile 
 or stipitate. //./. d T. Fl. Ind. 18. T. micropbyllum and T. marginatum, 
 Royle El. 51. T. acaule, Camh. in Jacq. Voy. Pot. t. i. A. 
 
Thaliotrum.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 13 
 
 Alpine Himalaya and West Tibet, alt. 10-17,000 ft. — Disteib. North Alpine and 
 
 Arctic regions. 
 
 A slender, tufted, glabrous perennial. Stem 3-6 in. Leaflets small, rounded, 3-lobed 
 or almost 3-partite, glaucous beneath. Scapes sin)ple, rar^dy forked ; pedicels short, 
 reflexed in fruit ; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, membranous. Flowers greenish. Anthers 
 beaked. Achenes few. — The length of the stalk of the achene varies in both European 
 and Indian specimens. 
 
 12. T. rotundifolium, DC. Syst. i. 185 ; leaves simple, stipules free, 
 filaments filiform, achenes with a straight beak hooked at the tip. Don 
 Prodr. 193 ; Wall. Gat. 2713 ; PI. As. Mar. t. 264 \ E.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 19. 
 
 NiPAL, Hamilton, Wallich. 
 
 Stem erect, 1 ft. ; roots fibrous. Leaves long-petioled, 2-3 in diam., orbicular or 
 reniform, with many shallow toothed lobes, membranous, much reticulate, scabrous on 
 both surfaces ; stipules oblong. Pa/iicZe few-flowered. -4 c/ie?ies immature. 
 
 13. T. Dalzellii, Hook. Lc. PI. t. 866 ; leaves 3-foliolate rarely £-ternate, 
 stipules free, panicle subsimple, filaments clavate, achenes with a long 
 straight beak hooked at the tip. H. /. <i; T. Fl. Ind. 10 ; Bah. <&; Gibs. 
 Bombay Flora^ 2. 
 
 Mountains of the Western Peninsula ; Hamchander, Dalzell ; Bababuden hills in 
 Malabar, Law. 
 
 Stem, erect, 1 ft. Leaves slightly sheathing atr the base; leaflets 1^-2 in. diam., 
 reniform, deeply cordate. 7-9 lobed, lobes crenate or toothed ; stipules oblong. Panicle 
 small, branches few. Flowers white, fascicled at the ends of the branches. Achenes 
 many, sessile, ribbed. 
 
 14. T. Punduanuxn, Wall. Gat. 3712; PI. As. Par. ii. 26; leaves 
 2-ternate, sheaths auricled, panicle much branched, filaments filiform, 
 achenes manv small ribbed, beak long straight hooked at the tip. H.f.tk 
 T. Fl. Ind. r8. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya; wet rocks of Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 4500- 
 7000 ft. Khasia hills, rocks near Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft. 
 
 Stem 2 ft., erect. Leaves long-petioled, upper 3-foliolate; leaflets 1-2 in. diam., 
 orbicular or oval, base cordate or truncate, 5-lobed, crenate, glaucous or tomentose be- 
 neath, lateral oblique ; stipels 0. Panicle nearly leafless. Flowers white. Achenes 
 sessile or stalked, beak nearly their own length. — Two well-marked varieties. 
 
 Var. 1, glaucum; leaves membranous, glabrous and glaucous beneath, achenes 
 sessile glabrous. — W. Himalaya and Khasia. 
 
 Var. 2. glandulosum ; leaves coriaceous viscidly pubescent beneath, achenes more 
 or less stalked glandular-hairy. — Khasia, with the former. 
 
 ft Leaves ternately or pimiately decompound. 
 
 15. T. saniculeeforme, DC. Prodr. i. 12; small, leaf subsolitary 3-4- 
 ternate, stipules almost free, filaments filiform, anthers short miicronate, 
 achenes many small ribbed with a long straight beak hooked at the tip. 
 H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 15. T. radiatum, Poyle III. 52. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; on wet rocks and tree trunks, from Simla and Kanawer 
 to Sikkim (alt. 8000 ft.). 
 
 Erect, 6-12 in., wiry, glabrous; root fibrous. Radical leaf often equalling the pa- 
 nicle, long-petioled, stem leaves few ; leaflets ^-\ in , orbicular or oval, base cuneate, 
 membranous, glaucous beneath, 3-lobed or -partite, lobes rounded or raucronate. 
 Flowers small, white. Achems sessile, oblong, as long as their beak. — Omitted in 
 Wallich's Catalogue, but distributed by him. 
 
 16. T. Javanicuxn, Plume Bijd. 2; tall, leaves ternately decompound, 
 
 stipules aduate membranous fimbriate, filaments club-shaped, anthers not 
 
14 I. RANUNCULACE-fi. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Thalictmm. 
 
 pointed, achenes large strongly ribbed, beak short hooked. Miquel Fl Ned 
 Irid. i. pt. 2, 5. T. glyphocarpum, W. d- A. Frod. 2 ; Wight Ic. t. 48 ; //. f. 
 ^ T. Fl. Ind. 16. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Simla to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft. Khasia hills, nit. 
 5-6000 ft.; Parusnath in Behar, all. 4000 ft.; mountains of the We&terx Peninsula 
 and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 /S^em 2-3 ft., erect, glabrous ; roots fibrous. Leaves -viihowi stipels; leaflets mem- 
 branous, |-f .in. diam., membranous, orbicular or oval, obtusoly .S-7-tootlie«i at the lij>, 
 base rounded or cordate, more or less glaucous beneath. Panicle branched. Floirerj 
 often clustered at the ends of the branches, small, white. Achema 8,-15, huge, 
 oblong. 
 
 17. T. follolosum, DC. Sysi. I 175 ; tall, leaves pinnately decom- 
 pound, sheaths aiiricled, filaments filiform, anthers beaked, achenes few 
 acute at both ends sharply ribbed. D(m Prodr. 192; Wall. Cat. 3711; 
 Moyle III. 51 ; //./. <i: T. Fl. Ind. 16. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-8000 ft. Khasia hills, alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 Stem 4-8 ft., glabrous. Leaves very much divided, without stipels ; leaflets ^~\ in., 
 rarely 1 in., orbicular. Panicle much branched ; bracts small. Flowers polygamous, 
 white pale green or dingy purple. Acheiits usually 2-5, small, oblong. 
 
 18. T. minus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 13: tall, leaves decompoundly pinnate 
 exstipulate, filaments filiform, anthers elongate apiculate, aclienes tapering 
 at both ends ribbed tipped by the oblong oblique style. //. /. d' T. Fl. 
 Ind. 16. 
 
 Inner valleys of the Temperate Himalaya, and in West Tibet, alt. 9-12,000 ft. 
 — Distrib. Europe, N. A^ia, Abyssinia, S. Africa. 
 
 Stem 2-4 ft., erect. Leaves bheathing, principal divisions with or without slipels : 
 leaflets very variable, orbicuUir oval or oblong, 3-lobed ; lobes crcnate or toothed. 
 Panicle much branched, leafless or nearly so. Floirern din{:y purple. Acheues .0-8, 
 oblong. — We have again comnared extensive suites of Kuropean, N. Asiatic, and Indian 
 specimens, with the aid of Kegel's mfnograph, and fliul no reason for modifying tlie 
 views expressed in Flora Indica, that all our Indian forms are referable to one species 
 which is very variable in foliage, but constant in flowers.— The most prominent Indian 
 varieties are : — 
 
 Vak. 1. vuhjare ; glabrous, leaflets small \-\ in. T. minus, Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
 i. 8. — The common European form, less common in Tibet than the following. 
 
 Var. 2. j'cetidum {sp. L.)\ glandular-pubeftent especially on the leaves beneath, 
 leaflets as ui vulgare. T. minus jS. glandulosum, Koch. T. vagiiuitum, Jioylc III. 52. 
 
 Var. 3. rnajus {sp. Jacq.)\ glabrous, often glaucous; leaflets 1 in., achenes rather 
 shorter and broader than in the common form. T. Keraense, Fries. T. Maxwellii, 
 lioyle III. 52. — Kunawer, Eoyle, d'c. Kaflristan, Grifith. — Indian specimens have 
 acutely 3-lubed leaflets, exactly agreeing with T. Kemense, Fr. In foliage it often 
 closely resembles T.Jtaimm. 
 
 5. CAI.Z.IANTKZ:i»IU2M[, C. A. Meyer. 
 
 A stemless perennial. Leaves all radical, 2-pinnate oV decompound. 
 /S'corpfS 1 -flowered. Sepals 5, deciduous. Petals 6-16^ with a nectariferou.s 
 pit on the claw. Stumens numerous. Carpels many ; style short; ovule 1, 
 pendulous. Fruit of many subglobose achenes tipped by the short style. — 
 Distrib. Two species, a European and Siberian, and the following :— 
 
 1. C. cachemlrianuin, Camf). in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. 3. C. pimpinei- 
 loides, //. /. d: T. Fl. Ind. 26. Ranunculus pimpiuelloides, Don in lioyle 
 III. 53. 
 
Callianthemum.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 15 
 
 Inner ranges of the Himalayas, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from Kashmir, Jacquemont, to 
 Sikkun, Hooh.f. 
 
 Densely tiifte 1, glabrous, glaucous; root fibrous. Leaves very numerous, long- 
 petioled, segments rounded, 2-3-sect ; pinnules orbicular, deeply cut. Scapes 2-4 in., 
 shorter than the leaves. Floivprs 1-1 4 in. diam., white. Sepals broadly elliptic. 
 Petals 8-12, 3 times larger than the sepals, oblong-cuneate, retuse. Aclitnea few, large, 
 ovoid, obtuse, rugose. 
 
 6. ADONIS, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves much divided. Sepals 5-8, petaloid, 
 coloured, imbricate. Petals 5-i(), yellow or red, eglandular. Carpels m^wy ; 
 style short ; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit a spike or head of many achenes 
 tipped with a short persistent style. — Disthib. 3 or 4 European and Asiatic 
 species. 
 
 Sect. T. Adonia, DC. Annual erect herbs, with leafy stems and scarlet 
 flowers. 
 
 1. A. aestivalis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 24 ; petals spreading, achenes an- 
 gular, with a tooth on the inner angle near the beak. IP. dc A. Prodr. 
 i.Z; H. f. d' T. PL hid. 25. A. Inglisii, Royle III. 53. 
 
 Western Himalaya, in cornfields, from Kumaon to Kashmir, Hazara, and 
 Peshawur. — Distrib. Temperate Europe and Asia. 
 
 An erect annual, 1-2 ft., simple or branched, nearly glabrous. Leaves decom- 
 poundly-pinnate, segments filiform. Flowers solitary at the ends of the branches, vari- 
 able in size, scarlet with a dark parple eye. Achenes in an ovoid or oblong head, deeply 
 pitted. — Differs from A autumnalis in the spreading petals, but there are many inter- 
 mediates. The achenes afford a very variable character, too much used in dividing 
 varieties of this into species. 
 
 2. .A. scrobiculata, Boiss.; Fl. Orient, i. 17 petals spreading, achenes 
 angular surrounded near the broad base by a flattened almost winged 
 collar. 
 
 West Himalaya, Kishtwar, Steirart. — Distrib. Affghanistan. 
 
 Doubtfully distinct from ^1. ce^tivalls, and only by the achenes which are more sharply 
 angled, less pitted, and rough with small tubercles ; the upper achenes seem to lose the 
 basal wing. A. viarginata, Bieneit in Herb. Bunge, seems to be the same plant. 
 
 Sect. II. Consolig'o. Perennial herbs, with golden yellow flowers. 
 
 3. A. chrysocyatlius, //. f. d- T. ; petals at length spreading, achenes 
 not angular turgid, style tapering revolute. A. pyrenaica, H.f. i T. Fl. 
 Ind. 26 (not of DC ). Chrysocyathus (gen.), Falconer in Royle III in- 
 trod. XXX. 
 
 Western Alpine Himalaya, in Chamba and Kashmir, Jacquemont; Western 
 Tibet in Deotsu and Guge, Stracuey & Winterh. 
 
 Rootstock scaly, horizontal. Stems several, en ct, leafy, flowering 6-9 in., fruiting 
 15 in. Radical leaves petioled, 3-6 in., deltoid, pinnately decompound, segments narrow- 
 linear or subcuneate. Flowers golden-yellow, 2 in. and more diam., buds globose. 
 Sepals 7-8, obovate, acute, many-nerved. Petals 16-24, twice as long as the sepals, 
 narrow-obovate, obtuse. Achenes in a dense head, | in. diam , glabrous, flattened ante- 
 riorly, dorsally convex and obtusely keeled. — The foliage and flowers closely resemble 
 those of J., pyrenaica, to which in the absence of fruits we formerly referred it, and 
 from which it differs iu the numerous much smaller achenes. 
 
16 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ranunculus. 
 
 7. RANUNCUIiUS, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire lobed or dissected. Stipulrs 
 membranous or 0. Flowers usually panicled, white or yellow. Sej.Kils 
 3-5, caducous, imbricate in bud. Petals usually 5, rarely 0, often glandular 
 near the base. iStamens mstny. Cai-jiels many ; styles short ; ovule 1 ascend- 
 ing. Fmit a head or spike of beaked or apiculate achenes. — Distrib. 
 AU temperate and cold regions ; species about 160. 
 
 Sect. I. Batracliiuin. Water plants. Flowers white. Acltenes trans- 
 versely wrinkled, sometimes obscure!/. 
 
 1. R. aquatilis, L. ; var. tricho'phyUus ; leaves all submerged capil- 
 laceo-multitid, stipules |-adnate, auricles large, flowers small, stamens few. 
 K. aquatilis, Dmi in Royle III. 54 ; H. f. <S: T. Fl. Ind. 29. 
 
 West Himalaya, from Kumaon to the Indus. East and Weht Tibet. Plains 
 of the Pun.tah, as far south as Delhi and Saharunpore. — Distrib. Temperate N. and 
 S. hemispheres. 
 
 The Indian forms have been identified by Mr. Baker with trichophyllua, and its 
 ^n\i\aiv'\ei\(iii Drouetli ?i.\\i\ pantothrix. Large flowered specimens from llanle in Tibet 
 differ from true aquatilis chietly in die absence of floating leaves. A small greener ter- 
 restrial variety grows in the Punjab. Floating leaves ar« invariably absent in the 
 Indian plant. 
 
 Sect. IL Ceratocephalus, Mcench (genus). Annual herbs. Floivers 
 yellow. Aclwnes gibbous at the sides, with a long terminal beak. 
 
 2. R. falcatus, L. ; leaves 3-tid or pinnatifid, scapes longer than the 
 leaves 1-flowered. Ceratocephalus falcatus, Fers. ; H.f. S T. Fl. Ind. 28. 
 C. orthoceras, DC; Deless. Ic. sel. i. t. 23. Anemone cynosurus. Griff. 
 Ic. in. iv. t. 660, f. 1. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Kishtwar westwards. Punjab, dry grassy places at 
 Peshawur, Stexoart. — Distrib. S. E. Europe and W. Asia. 
 
 Glabrous or a little woolly. Ltaves all radical, segments narrow-linear, entire or 
 3-fid; petiole margined, tapering downwards. Scapes 1 or more, 1-3 in., longer than 
 the leaves. Fhiwtrs small, Stamens .0-15. Achenes with the beak straiqht or curved. 
 — Avery variable little plant, ol which 7 or 8 species have been made; Boissier re- 
 duces them to 2, a hooked and straight beaked, having never seen immediates, of 
 which we have seen many. 
 
 Sect. IIL Kecatonia, DC. Perennial, rarely annual. Floivers yellow 
 (in the Indian si)ecies). Advenes smooth or granular, not muricated or 
 tubercled, shortly beaked. 
 
 * Radical or all the leaves undivided (except sometimes in 7, jmlcliellus). 
 
 .3. It. Z<ing-ua, L. ; tall, erect, glabrous, leaves lanceolate, flowers large, 
 petals 5. DC*I'rodr. i. 32 ; D.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 30. 
 
 "West Himalaya ; Kashmir Lake, Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Temperate X. 
 hemisphere. 
 
 lioiAstock creeping. Stem 2-3 ft., hollow. Leaves 4-8 in., sessile, ^-ample.\ic;iul, 
 entire or remotely toothed, veins parallel, venules reticulate. Flowers subpanicled. 
 Achenes pitted ; beak broad, flat. 
 
 4. R. reniformls, Wall. Cat. 4709; erect, stem softly hairy, leaves 
 liroadly oval or orbicular coarsely toothed, petals 12-15. W. & A. Prodr. 3 ; 
 Wiijht III. i. t. 2 ; Ic. t. 75 ; H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 30. 
 
Banunciihis.] I. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 17 
 
 Higher mountains of the Western Peninsula, Wight, &c. 
 
 EooUtoch stout, horizontal, densely fibrous. Stem 1-1 4 ft.; branches few, 1 -flowered. 
 Radical leaves 1-3 in., thick, base truncate or cordate, glabrate or sparsely setose; 
 cauline few, narrow, bracteiform. Fbwers 1 in. diam. Fetals obovate-oblong. Achenea 
 oblong, tumid, in a globose head ; beak straight. 
 
 5. R. sag-ittifollus, Hook Ic. PI. t. 173 ; erect, glabrous above, leaves 
 oblong-cordate or sagittate crenate, petals 5. H. f. (h T. Fl. Ind. 30. R 
 hastatus, Walker mss. ex Wight III. i. 5. 
 
 Mountains of Ceylon, above 6000 ft., Walker, &c. 
 
 Bootstock creeping. Stem erect, with scattered hairs near the base. Badical leaves 
 long-pe tided, base deeply cordate with rounded lobes; cauline narrow-lanceolate, 
 inciso-dentate or almost pinnatitid. Petals nearly orbicular. Achenes as in B. rent- 
 form,is. — Distinguished from R. reniformis chiefly by the few petals ; the leaves are 
 very variable in both. B.javanicus, BL, is closely allied, but quite glabrous, 
 
 6. R. Cymbalariee, Pursh. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 392 ; creeping, glabrous, 
 leaves oblong or orbicular 3-5-lobed, or -partite, petals 5-8. E. /. & T. Fl. 
 Ind. 31. 
 
 West Tibet, between 7000 and 17,000 ft,, Thomson. Interior of Sikkim, alt. 
 14,000 ft., Hook.f. — Distrib. Persia, Siberia, Arctic and cold temperate N. America, 
 Cordillera of N. and S. America. 
 
 Bootstock with long rooting runners; stem 0, Leaves ^-^ in. diam., base rounded 
 or slightly cordate. Scape erect, leaflets 1-8-flowered ; bracts at the forks, linear. 
 Flowers ^-i in. diam. Sepals spreading or reflexed. Achenes many, small, obovate, 
 compressed, gibbous at the back, sides longitudinally 3-ribbed ; beak straight or hooked, 
 — Variable in foliage and form of heads of fruit, and stolons sometimes absent. 
 
 7. R, pulchellus, G. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. ii. 333 ; erect, glabrous 
 hairy or silky, leaves elliptic oblong entire or 3-7-toothed or lobed, petals 
 5. //./. ct- T. Fl. Ind. 31. R. salsuginosus, Wall. Cat. 4708 {not of Don). 
 Ii. flammula, Don in Boyle III. 53 {not of Linn.). R. nephelegenes, Edgew. 
 in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 28. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya, in the inner ranges from Sikkim westward, and in Western 
 Tibet, from 10-18,000 ft.— Distrib, Affghanistan, Siberia, Mongolia. 
 
 Stem 3-12 in., simple or with a few 1-flowered branches. Leaves glabrous or pubes- 
 cent, sometimes palmately lobed; cauline lanceolate, often entire. Flowers \ in. diam. 
 Sepals elliptic, often black-tipped. Petals broadly obovate. Achenes in an oblong 
 head, small, inflated, glabrous ; style nearly straight. — Common and very variable, 
 states with broad deeply cut leaves pass into glabrous acheued states oi B. pedatijidus. 
 The R. longicaulis, C. A. Meyer, is another variety. 
 
 Var. 1. typicus ; leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent. 
 
 Var. 2. sericeus ; leaves densely silky. R. membranaceus, Boyle 111. 53. 
 
 8. R. lobatus, Jacq. ex Camh. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. i. B ; decumbent, 
 glabrous, leaves orbicular crenate coriaceous, petals 5. H.f. ch T. Fl. Ind. 
 31. R. salsuginosus, Don in Boyle III. 53 {7iot of Wall. Cat.). 
 
 Alpine Himalaya, in the inner ranges, alt, 12-16,000 ft. from Zanskar to Sikkim, 
 and in West Tibet, Jacquemont, &c. 
 
 Bootstock giving off weak decumbent leafy stems 2-3 in., not stoloniferous. Radical 
 leaves ^-1 in, diam., long-pe tioled, rounded or cordate at the base ; cauline similar but 
 shorter petioled, often 3-toothed. Flowers |-| in. diam. Sepals oval. Petals broadly 
 obovate. Achenes in an oval head, slightly compressed, beaked by the long straight 
 style. — Distinguished from B. pulchellus by the diffuse stem, large fleshy cauline 
 leaves and large flower, but intermediates occur. 
 
 VOL. I. C 
 
18 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Hanunculiis. 
 
 ** Leaves lobed or much divided. Achenes turgid, not margined, com- 
 pressed in 10, Chcerojjhj/llos {see 7, pulchellm). 
 
 9. R. hyperboreus, Rotlh. ; stem creeping stoloniferous, leaves 3-7- 
 lobed or capillaceo-multifid, flowers small solitary, petals scarcely exceeding 
 the sepals. 
 
 Inner regions of the Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, and in Western 
 Tibet, alt. 14-17,000 ft. — Distrib. Arctic and Alpine Northirn regions. 
 
 A small glabrous perennial, terrestrial or floating. Leaves orbicular or renifomi, base 
 sometimes cuneate, lobed to the middle or base. SejxiU refloxed. Petals obovate. 
 Achenes in dense heads, very small, oval, beaked by the short style. — Minute specimens 
 without stolons are undistinguishable from li. pygnueics, Vahl. 
 
 Var 1. typicus ; creeping on moist grountl, leaves very small 3-lobed to about the 
 middle, base rouuded or cuneate, head of achenes small. R. hyperboreus, H.f. (k T. 
 Fl. Ind. 32. 
 
 Var. 2. nutans, Kegel ; floating, leaves 4-1 in. diara., reniform 5-7 -lobed, heads of 
 achenes large. R. natans, C. A. Meyer; R. radicans, H.f.d; T. Fl. Ind. 32 {in 
 part) . 
 
 Var. 3. radicans; creeping in moist soil, leaves rounded or reniform 5-7-partite, 
 heads of fruit large. R. radicans, C. A. Meyer; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 32 (in part) ; R. 
 radicans a typicus, Eeyel. 
 
 Var. 4. niultijidus; floating, leaves capillaceo-mnltifid like li. aquatilis. R. Purshii, 
 Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. R. radicans y multitidus, lieycl. — Ladak, iSttwart. 
 
 10. R. Chaerophyllos, Linn. ; erect, pubescent or villous, leaves ter- 
 nately partite rarely entire, achenes compressed in an oblong head, beak 
 long straight. H.f. d; T. Fl. Ind. 33. 
 
 Wk.stern Tibet, mountains of Hasora, alt. 12,000 ft., Winterhottom. — Djstrib. 
 S. Europe, Asia Minor, Persia. 
 
 liootstock tuberous, with thick fibres. Stem 6-12 in., simple or with 2-4 long 
 1 -flowered bratiches. Radical leaves rarely oval and entire, usuallv with 3-pariitf or 
 variously cut segments, cauline few 3partite or linear and entire. Plowers 1 in. diam. 
 Sepals spreading. Achenes many, oval. 
 
 11. R, affinls, /?;*. ; erect or diffu.se, hairy, leaves pedately 5-9-lobed, 
 achenes in oblong heads inflated, beak straiglit. R. cx'spito.sus, Wall. Cat. 
 4701 ; //./. d: T. Fl. Itul. 33. R. pedatifidus, Led. {not Smith), R. dahu- 
 ricus, 2'arcz. 
 
 .Inner ranges of the Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Balt>, alt. 
 11-16,000 ft. ; and in Western Tibet. — Distrib. Temperate and Arctic Asia and 
 America. 
 
 Stems 6-12 in., often many, from a perennial, slender, branched rootstock. Radical 
 havt'S reniform, ^-1 in. diam., lobed to the middle or base, lobes oblong or linear ; 
 lower cauline with narrower segments, upper entire or S-o-partite. Flowers ^-§ in. 
 diam. Sepals silky. Achenes small, scarcely compressed. — Hardly different from the 
 Siberian R. amcenus, Led. {R. pedatifidus, Sm.) 
 
 12. R. hirtellus, Boyle III. 53 ; erect or decuml)ent, pubescent, leaves 
 3-pavtite, achenes in an oblong or globose head inflated, style straiglit or 
 hooked. II. f. (6 T. Fl. Lid. 34. R. attenuatus, nervosus choorensis and 
 glabratus, Royle III. 53. 
 
 Temperate and subalpine Western Himalaya, ascending to 14,000 ft. (a dwarf 
 large flowered state). 
 
 Rootstock densely filirons. Stems many, 1-1 i ft., branched, many-flowered (except 
 the alpine forms). Radical leaves 1^-2 in. diam., renilbrm, lateral segments often 
 deeply 2-lubed ; cauline palmately 3-5-partite. Fioicers i-| in. diam. Sf^pals wi;h 
 appressed hairs. Achenes many, glabrous or hairy. — Very variable, and closely allied 
 
Ranunculus.'] i. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 19^ 
 
 to the European R. auricomus, biit the achenes are smaller, less compressed, are in an 
 oval head, and the radical leaf appears never to be entire. 
 
 13. R. nivalis, Limi. ; small, erect, 1-flowered, shaggy above, leaves 
 3-6-lobed or -partite, sepals shaggy. R. f. (i' T. FL Ind. 35. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya. Tunkra pass in Sikkim, alt. 16,000 ft., Hooh. f. — Distrib. 
 Arctic Europe, Asia, and America. 
 
 Bootstock small. Stems subsolitary, 1-3 in., glabrous below. Radical leaves gla- 
 brous, segments 3-lobed; lower cauline petioled, upper gessile. — Apparently the same 
 as the arctic plant, but not found iu fruit. 
 
 14. B.. sceleratus, Linn.; annual, erect, glabrous, leaves 3-partite, 
 achenes many in an oblong head small obtuse or apiculate. Don Prodr. 195 ; 
 Eoyle III. 53 ; //./. & T. Fl. Ind. 35. R. indicus, Eoxb. FL Ind. ii. 657 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 4699. 
 
 River banks in Bengal and Northern India ; marshes of Peshawer ; warm valleys 
 of the Himalaya (unknown south of the Nerbudda). — Distrib. Throughout the North 
 temperate zone. 
 
 Stem 1-3 ft., often stout, fleshy and branched, rarely puberulous above. Leaves 
 with cuneate cut segments, cauline sessile. Flowers \ ^ in. diam. Sepals reflexed, 
 nearly equalling the oblong petals. Re&eptacJe oblong, hairy. 
 
 *** Leaves deeply divided. Achenes flattened, with an intramarginal rib. 
 (See 20, muricatus.) 
 
 15. B. diifusus, DC. ; diffuse or prostrate, hairy, leaves 3-partite. 
 achenes in globose heads dotted, receptacle of fruit small. Do7i Prodr. 195 ; 
 H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 36. R. napaulensis, DC. Prodr. i. 39. R. trilobatu^s, 
 Don Prodr. 194. R. geranioides, Blume Bijdr. 2. R. hydrocotyloides. Wall, 
 Cat. 4703. R. mollis. Wall. Cat. 4704 ; Don in Royle III. 53. R. obtectus. 
 Wall. Cat. 4705. R. vitifolius, Roijle III. 53. R. subpinnatus, W. & A. 
 Prodr. 4; WigM Ic. t. 49 ; H.f. (h T. Fl. Ind. 36. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from the Chenab to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft. Higher moun- 
 tains of the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java. 
 
 Perennial, covered with spreading hairs ; nodes at times rooting. Leaves softly 
 hairy, segments cuneate, of lower leaves often stalked. Peduncles 1-flowered, terminal 
 or leaf-opposed. Flowers ^-1 in. diam. Sepals hairy, Achenes ovate, compressed, 
 with an intramarginal rib at a variable distance from the acute margin ; style short, 
 straight or hooked. — Peninsula specimens have usually larger flowers and more divided 
 leaves. — Near R.repens, L. 
 
 16. R. leetus, Wall. Cat. 4702 ; erect, appressedly hairy, leaves 3-partite, 
 achenes in a globose head not dotted, receptacle of fruit oblong glabrous. 
 //./. <h T. Fl. Ind. 36 {excl. syn. R. riparius, Edgew.) ; Royle III. 53. R. 
 distans, Royle III 53. R. brevirostris, Edgew. in IVans. Linn. Soc. xx. 28. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya and Western Tibet. Common on the inner ranges only of 
 Sikkim. — Distrib. Aflghanistan. 
 
 Rootstock woodj. Stem 1-2 ft., usually much branched, many-flowered; hairs 
 white. Radical leaves 2-4 in. diam. ; segments cuneate-obovate, deeply cut ; cauline 
 sessile. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals villous. Achenes many, oval, margined, rather 
 large; style short, straight, broad at the base. — Closely allied to and perhaps a var. of 
 R. acris, L. 
 
 17. R. pensylvanicus, Linn. ; erect, hirsute, leaves ternatisect, achenes 
 in oblong or globose heads, not dotted, receptacle pilose. R. librosus. Wall. 
 Cat. 4706 : Hook.f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 37. R. chinensis. Lunge; H.f. <L- T. Fl. 
 Ind. 38. R. riparius, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 28. Ranunculi, sp. 
 Griff. Ic. PI. iv. t. 661. 
 
 c 2 
 
20 I. RANUXCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ranunculus, 
 
 Swamps and rice fields in Nipal, Wallich; banks of the Sutlej at Lndiana, and 
 Ganges at Bhojpur, Edgeicorth. Assam, and Khasia hills, up to 6000 ft., H.f.d; T. — 
 DiSTRiB. N. China, Amur-land, N. America. 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft., prostrate and rooting at the base only, branched. Radical leaves long- 
 petioled, leaflets long-stalked. 3-partite and deeply cut into linear segments ; cauliiie 
 shorter petioled, upper subsessile. Flowers about 1 in. diam. Sepals reflexed. Achenes 
 many, large, with an intramarginal rib and short straight beak. — Very variable in the 
 shape of the head of achenes, and in the prominence and position of their intramarginal 
 rib; but a large suite of specimens convinces us of the specific identity of all the forms. 
 
 Sect. IV. Echlnella, DC. Annual, rarely perennial. Floivers small, 
 yellow. Achenes echinate or tubercled (rarely smooth in 20, muricaim). 
 
 18. B. flacddus, //./. dc T. Ft. Ind. 38 ; perennial, tufted, prostrate, 
 leaves reniform or orbicular creuate glabrous, achenes beaked, rough with 
 small tubercles. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, in the upper forest region, from Kumaon to Bhotan, alt. 
 9-10,000 ft. 
 
 Patches large, dense, green, appressed to the ground ; stems filiform ; nodes often 
 rooting. Leaves \ in. diam. or less, 3-5-crenHte. Floirers minute, | in. diam., solitary, 
 Icflfopposed. Sepals reHe.xed, nearly equalling the petals. Achenes 6-12, pubescent, 
 oval, not much compressed, beak short retlexed. 
 
 19. R. Wallichianus, W. db A. Prodr. i. 4 ; perennial, prostrate, hairy, 
 leaves ternutipartite, achenes compressed orbicular tubercled. — Wif/ht Ic. 
 t. 937 ; H./. <L' T. Ft Ind. 38. K. pinnatu.s, Wight III. i. G, not of Pmret. 
 
 Temperate zone of the mountains of Ceylon and Nilohiri. 
 
 /S'lteww spreading and rooting at the nodes from the perennial rootstock, hirsute, rarely 
 glabrate. Mvdical leaves \~\)^ in. diam. ; segments stalked, obovatecuneatc, sharply 
 cut and toothed ; cauline 3 partite. Peduncles 1-fiowered, leaf-opposed and terminnl. 
 Flowers \ in. diam. Sepalx reflexed, much shorter thau the petala. Achenes flattened, 
 n.argined, both dotted aud tubercled. 
 
 20. B.. murlcatus, Linn. ; annual, erect or diffuse, glabrous, rarely 
 luiiry, leaves .i-iid, achenes oval tiattened tubercled or spinous, rarely smooth. 
 //./. d: T. Fl. Ind. 39. R. Cabulicus, Bolss. Uingn. ser. 2, 9. 
 
 Swampy places, at low elevations, in the Punjab-Himalaya, and in the plains at 
 Peshawur and Amualla}!. — Distkiu. Europe, W. Asia, temperate N. America. 
 
 Stems 4-12 in. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., lobes irregularly cut, base roumled or cordate, 
 of the upper cuneate. Flowers 4-i in. diam., solitary and leaf-opposed, or terminal 
 and panicled. Sepals reflexed, rather shorter thau the petals. Achenes in a large 
 globose head, ^ in. long, tubercK-s scattered over the flattened sides, or confined to near 
 the intramarginal rib ; beak straight, compressed, ribbed, tip hooked, 
 
 21. R. arvensis, Linn. ; annual, erect, much branched, glabrous, or 
 silky above, radical leaves cuneate or obovate 3-5-toothed, cauline 3-partite, 
 achenes few large obliquely obovate not margined, densely spinous. Wall. 
 Cat. 4700 ; lioyle lU. 53 ; //. /. d; T. Fl. Ind. 39. R. tuberculatus, 
 IJC. Prodr. i. 41. 
 
 We8terx Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon. — Distrib. Europe, Asia Minor, 
 
 Aflliihanistan, Western Liberia. 
 
 Stem solitary, 0-24 in. I^eaves variable, lowest 1-2 in., soon withering, segments of 
 cauline cut into linear lobes. Flowers .^ in. diam. Sei^als appressed to and half the 
 length of the petals. Achenes 5-10, usually clothed with hooked spiues ; style straight 
 or hooked. 
 
Ranunculus.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 21 
 
 DOUBTFUL ANT) EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 R. vestitus, Wall. Cat. 4707. The specimens consist of a few long-pe tided radical 
 leaves. ,/ 
 
 R. bvlbosus, L. (H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 37). Probably intercalated by mistake amongst 
 Boyle's Indian Plants. It has been found by no one else. 
 
 8. OX'SrGKiLPHIS, Bunge. 
 
 Dwarf perennial glabrous stemless plants, with 1-flowered scapes. Lmws 
 entire. Flov.>ers regular, yellow. /Sepals 5, persistent, enlarged after flower- 
 ing. Petals 10-15, with a nectariferous pit on the claw. Stamens many. 
 Acfienes many, membranous, in a globose head, beaked by the straight subu- 
 late jiersistent style. Seed erect. — A genus of two species, differing from 
 Ranunculus in the persistent sepals. 
 
 1. O. g'lacialis, Bunqe En. PI. Alt, 35; leaves elliptic-oblong, scape 
 solitary. //. /. d; T. Fl. Ind. 27. Ficaria glacialis, Fisch. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya; Kumaon, Strachey & Winterb. ; Sikkim, alt. 16-18,000 ft., 
 Hook. f. — DisTRiB. Siberia, Daliuria. 
 
 Root fibrous. Lemfes ^-1^ in., somewhat fleshy, obtuse, entire or crenate; petiole 
 as lon^', sheathing at the base. Scape erect, 1-4 in., thickened upwards. Flowers 
 I in. diam. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Petals 12-15, naiTow-oblong, twice as long as the 
 sepals. 
 
 2. O. polypetala, R.f. <& T. FL Lid. 27 ; leaves orbicular crenate-lobed, 
 scapes usually several. Kanunculus polypetalus, Royle III. 54, t. 11, f. 2. 
 Callianthemum Endlicheri, Walj). Rep. i. ;33. 
 
 Inner Alpine and TibetAn Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 12-15,000 ft. 
 
 Small, tutted; roots fibrous. Leaves ^-2 in. diam., membranous, base cordate, some- 
 times with 3 crenare lobes, /Scapes 2-4 in., weak. i^/o2^er5 1 in. diam. Pe^aZs oblong- 
 spathulate. Achenes as in 0. glacialis. 
 
 9. CILI^TIIA., Linn. 
 
 Herbs with stout creeping rootstocks. Leaves clnefly radical, ovate or 
 cordate. Flowers few, terminal, regular, white or yellow. Sepals 5 or more, 
 petaloid, deciduous, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens many. Carpels several, 
 sesdle. Follicles many, many-seeded. Seeds many, 2-seriate, with a promi- 
 nent raphe and tliick funicle. — Uisteib. N. and S.' temp, regions; sp. 5-6. 
 
 1. C. palustris, Linn. ; stem branched leafy, leaves reniform or deltoid 
 with spreading lobes. //./. & T. Fl. Ind. 40. C. Himalensis, Don Prodr. 
 195 ; Royle III. 54. C. Govaniana, Wall. Cat. 4710 ; Royle III. 54. C. pani- 
 culata, Wall. Cat. 4711. 
 
 Marshes of the Western Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 
 8-10,000 ft. — DisTRiB. Temperate Europe, Asia, and N. America. 
 
 hootstock. stout, densely fibrous. Stem stout, 6-24 in. Hadical leaves long-petioled, 
 2-5 in. diam,, entire or finely or coarsely toothed ; upper sessile. Flowers 1-2 in. diam. 
 Follicles variable in number and length of style. — The leaves are never quite entire in 
 Indian specimens, and are often more closely- and smaller-toothed than iu European. 
 
 Var. 1. normalis; flower yellow. 
 
 Vak. 2. alba; flowers white.— C. alba, Jacq. ex Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. vi. t. 4. 
 
 2. C. scaposa, //. /. <Ss T. Fl. Ind. 40 ; leaves all radical oval, scapes 
 many 1-flowered. 
 
22 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Caltha. 
 
 Eastern Alpine Himalaya, Sikkini, in marshes, alt. 15-17,000 ft., HooTc.f. 
 
 Rootstock densely fibrous. Leaves all radical, 1-1 4 in. diam., lon^i-pefioled, obtuse, 
 base deeply cordate, entire or finely repand-crenate. Scapes many, 3-6 in. Flowers 
 1 in. diam. JSepaU 5-6, oval, somewhat persistent. Follicles many, stalked. 
 
 10. CAZiATKODSS, H. f. & T. 
 
 A perennial, erect, leafy herb. Lenve.% palmati}»artite. Flowers terminal, 
 regular, large. Sejxds 5, golden-yellow, deciduous. Petals 0. Carptls 
 many ; ovules 8-10, 2-seriate towards the base of the carpel. Fnni un- 
 known. — Intermediate between Caltha and 2'rdliaSy having the apetalous 
 flowers of the former, and divided leaves of the latter. 
 
 1. C. palmata, H.f. d; T. Fl Ind. 41. 
 
 Eastern Temperate Himalaya, Sikkira, alt. 10,000ft., HooTc.f. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched. Leavs 2-4 in. diam., radical soon withering; 
 cauline 3 partite, segments cuneate at the base, deeply 3-lubed, lobes acuminate inciso- 
 serrate, petiole with a basal inflated membranous sheath. Flowers nearly 2 in. diam. 
 
 11. TROZiZiZUS, Linn 
 
 Erect, perennial herbs. Leaves palmate. Flowers terminal, regular, glo- 
 bose or subglobose. Sepals 6 or more, petaloid, coloured. Petah 5 or more, 
 small, clawed, blade with a basal pit. Stamens very many. Carjiek 5 or 
 more, sessile ; ovules many, 2-seriate. Seeds angled, testa coriaceous. — 
 DiSTRiB. 9 species, N. temperate and arctic. 
 
 1. T. acaulis, Lhidl. in Bat. Reg. 1842 ; Misc. 56, and 1843, t. 82 ; stem 
 leafy above the middle, petals short-clawed. //./. dD 2\ Fl. hid. 41. T. 
 purnilis, lioijle III. 54 {jioi of Don). 
 
 Western Alpine Himalaya, from Kuniaon to Kashmir, alt. 11-13,000 ft. 
 
 Rootstock stout, fibres thick. Stem simple, 3-6 in. in flower, 12 or more in fruit, 
 base clothed with fibres. Leaves appearing with or after the flowers; radical long- 
 petioled, palmati-5-partite, segments oblong lanceolate, incised; cauline 1-3, similar; 
 base of petiole sheathing. Flowers 2 in. diam., solitary. Sepals 6-8, broad-oval, 
 spreading, obtuse or entire. Petals 12-16, shorter than the stamens; blade oblong. 
 ('urpels many, ripe 1 in., membranous, wrinkled, style persistent. Very near T. laxus, 
 Salisb. {americanus, DC), &nd patiUus, Salisb. 
 
 2. T. pumilus, Don Prodr. 195; cauline leaves few, all below the 
 middle of the stem, petals long-clawed. — H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 41. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya, in the interior ranges; Kumaon, alt. 14,000 ft,; Nipal; Sikkim, 
 alt. 15-17,000 ft. 
 
 Rootstock horizontal. Stems 6-12 in., naked above, base clothed with old leaves. 
 Leaves 1-2 in. diam., radical long-petioled, orbicular, coriaceous, 5-partite ; segments 
 broad-obovate 3-lobed, toothed, base cuneate. Flotcers 1 in. diam., solitary. Sepals 
 6-6, rounded, tip obtuse, notched, subpersistent. Petals 10-12, equalling the filaments, 
 blade cuneate-oblong, obtuse, tip thickened. Follicles many, membranous, beaked by 
 the short style. 
 
 12. COPTXS, Salisb. 
 
 Small stemless herbs ; rootstock perennial. Jjeaves tematisect. Flowers 
 regular, small, white, on slender leafless scapes. Sepals 5-6. Petals 5-6, 
 clawed, hooded or linear. Carpels few or many, pedicelled, spreading ; 
 
Coptis.] I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 23 
 
 ovules many. Follicles many-seeded. Seeds with a black cnistaceous testa. 
 — DiSTEiB.. North temperate zone ; species 6.— Genus too nearly allied to 
 Isop^imm. 
 
 1. C. Teeta, Wall, in Trans. Med. & Phys. Soc. Gale. viii. 347 ; H. f. 
 dh T. Fl. Ind. 42 ; Griff. Journ. 37 ; Notul. iv. 733, Ic. iv. t. 660, f. 2. 
 
 MisHMi Mts., east of Assam, in the temperate region. 
 
 liootstoch horizontal, golden yellow, woody, densely fibrous, very bitter. Leaves 
 glabrous; petioles 6-12 in. ; leaflets 2-3 in., ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, lobes incised, 
 terminal largest. Scape slender, equalling the leaves. Flowers 1-3, pedicelled, bracts 
 leafy. SepuU ^ in., oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals narrow, ligulate, obtuse, | 
 shorter than the sepals. — Characters taken chiefly from Wallich's description; Griffiths' 
 specimens are in leaf only. The very bitter rootstock is much used as a drug in 
 Bengal. 
 
 13. ISOPVRUia, Linn. 
 
 Small stemless herbs ; annual, or rootstock perennial. Leaves decompound. 
 Flowers regular, white, few or solitary, on leafless or leafy slender scapes. 
 Seimls 5-6, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5, variable, very small or 0. Stamens 
 10 or more. Garpels 2-20, sessile ; ovules 3 or more. Follicles few or many- 
 seeded. Seeds with a smooth or granulated testa, crustaceous. — Disteib. 
 North temperate regions ; species 7. 
 
 1. I. adiantifolium, H. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 42 ; cauline leaves opposite 
 or whorled compound, petals long-clawed, carpels 3. 
 
 Temperate Eastern Himalaya, outer moist valleys of Sikkim, alt. 7500 ft., 
 HooJc.f., &c. 
 
 Rootstock slender, horizontal, scaly. Radical leaves long-petioled, stipellate at the 
 toj) of the petiole ; terminal segment simple, lateral compound ; leaflets 5-7-petiolu!ate, 
 -^-4 in., cuneate at the base, obtuse, crenate. Flowers 4 in. diam. 
 
 2. X. thalictroides, Linn. ; cauline leaves alternate 3-lobed or 3-folio- 
 late, petals hooded shortly clawed, carpels 2-4 DG. Prodr. i. 48 ; H.f. d' T. 
 Fl. Ind. 43. I. anemonoides, Kar. <k Kir. En. PL Soong. No. 55. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya, north of Kashmir, Winterhottom ; Lahul. — 
 DisTRiB. Affghanistan, Siberia, E. Europe. 
 
 Rootstock horizontal, fibrous or scaly. Stam 4-8 in., slender. Radical leaves 2-3- 
 ternate; leaflets 2-3-lobed, cuneate at the base, membranous. Flowers 4 in. diam., in 
 few-flowered terminal panicles. Sepals oval, obtuse. Petals with a filiform claw. 
 Follicles 2-4, oval, beaked by the style. — The petals are very variable in European 
 specimens. 
 
 3. 1. grandlflorum, Fisch. in DG. Prodr. i. 48; leaves all radical 2-4 
 times ternatisect, carpels 3-7. Wall. Gat. 9123 • Royle III. 54, t. 11, f. 3; 
 H.f. rf- T. Fl. Ind. 43. I. microphyllum, Moyle III. I.e. f. 4. 
 
 Western Alpine Himalaya, from Kuraaon to Balti, alt. 13-17,000 ft. — Distrib. 
 Siberia. 
 
 Stems densely tufted ; rootstock wstout, clothed with rigid bristles. Leaves long- 
 petioled ; petiole auricled at the sheathing base ; leaflets small, cuneate-obovate, 2-3- 
 lobed. Scapes 3-4 in., equaUing the leaves, with 2 small subopposite bracts. Floiuer 
 sohtary, 1-1 ^ in. diam. 
 
 14. AQVIZiEGZA, Linn. 
 
 Erect, perennial-rooted herbs. Leaves ternately compound. Flowers re- 
 gular, handsome, drooping, white purple or yellow. Sepals 5, regular, 
 
24 I. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Aquilc/jia. 
 
 coloured, deciduous. Pekds 5, funnel-shaped, produced into a spur at the 
 base. Stamens many, inner reduced to scales. Cai-pels 5 or more, sessile ; 
 ovules many. Follicles many-seeded. Setds with a crustaceous testa. — 
 DiSTRiB. North temperate zone ; species 6 or 6, with many subspecies and 
 varieties. 
 
 1. A. vulgraris, L. ; glabrous or pubescent, stem usually branched, leaves 
 biternately compound, lobes incised sessile or petiolulate, sepals If^rger than 
 the carpels and stamens, spur of petals gradually narrowed to the point. 
 
 Western]} Temperate and ScBJiXiiNB Himalaya. — Distrib. Temp. Europe and 
 Asia 
 
 SuBSP. 1. vulgaris proper; glabrous or slightly pubescent, sepals ovate obtuse, spur 
 hooked as long as the blude of the petal. — A. vulgaris, DC. &c. — Tibetan region. 
 
 Sunsp. 2. viscosA ; habit, &c. of vuUjaris proper, but smaller, odorous, and covered 
 with glandular hairs. — A. viscosa, Gouan, &c. — VVestern Tibet, abundant. 
 
 SuBsp. 3. PUBiFLOKA ; sot'tly pul)escent, sepals ovate-lanceolate tapering to a fine 
 point, spur short much curved. — A. pubitiora, Wall. Cat. n. 4714; lioyle III. t. 55. — 
 Temperate outer Himalaya. 
 
 Sunsp. 4. ALPiNA ; pubescent or glandular, leaflets generally much cut, flowers very 
 large, sepals obtuse or subacute, spur nearly straight. — A. alpina, L., &c. ; Deless. 
 Jc. i. t. 48. A. glandulosa, Fisch. in DC. Frodr. i. 50. — Alpine region of the West 
 Himalaya. 
 
 SuBsp. 5. PYRENAiOA ; softly pubescent or glandular often glaucous, flowers often 
 wbite and sweet-scented, sepals ovate acute, spur very long slender straight or hooked. 
 A. pyrenaica, DC. Frodr. i. 50. A. Kanawarensis, Camh. in J acq. Voy. Dot. t. 5 ; 
 Fot. Man. i. 4493. A. Moorcroftiana, Wall Cat. n. 4713; lioyle. 111. 55. A. Olympica, 
 Doiss. tl. Orient, i. 71. A. glauca, Lindl. Lot. lieg. xxvi. t. 46. A. fragrans, Benth. 
 in Maun d^ 8 Botanist, iv. t. 151. — Alpine and temperate western Himalaya and Tibet, 
 alt. 10-14,000 it. 
 
 Suiisp. 6. JucuNDA ; stem simple, 4-8 in. leafless or with one small leaf, flower very 
 large dark purple, sepals very broadly ovate, spur bhurt much incurved. — A. jucunda, 
 Fisch. <Jb Met/.; Ltd. Fl. Ross. i. 736. — Kasbmir. 
 
 15. DZ:Z.PKZNZUM, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial erect herbs. Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers 
 racemed or panicled, irregular, white blue or purplish. Sepals 5, free or 
 cohering at the base, dorsal spurred behind. Fttals 2-4, small ; spurs of 
 the 2 dorsal developed within that of the sepal ; 2 lateral spurless or 0. 
 Stumeiis niany. Follicles 1-7. Seeds many, testa wrinkled or plaited. — 
 DisTRiB. N. temperate zone ; species about 40, very variable. 
 
 * Spur cylindric or inflated (not subulate or conical). 
 
 1. D. uncinatum, H.f.dbT.; leaves 5-partite, segments inciao-pin- 
 natifid, flowers \ in. long, spur inflated houked obtuse. D. penicillatum, 
 //./ (t T. Fl, Ind. 48, not of Boissler. D. vestitum, Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 92, not 
 of Wall. <&; Royle. 
 
 Salt range of the Punjab, Vicary, and West Hjmalaya, from Banahal to Marri ; 
 on dry hills, Winterbottom, &c. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., simple or sparingly branched, pubescent or glabrous, few-leaved. 
 Radical leaves 2 in. Flowers in long many-flowered densely glandular-hairy or glabrous 
 racemes. Spur equalling or shorter tlian the flower, more or less incurved. Anterior 
 petals deeply 2-fi_d, densely hairy. Follicles 3, straight. 
 
 A West Asiatic form, which we formerly identified with D. penicillatum of Boissier, 
 who, however, wiih far better materials before him, considers it distinct. The glabrous 
 form was found at the JMargala pass, near Kawal Tiudi, by Major Vicary. 
 
Delphinium.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 25 
 
 2. D. Inoanuxn, Royle III. 55 ; leaves 3-partite, segments, multifid, 
 flowers 1^ in. long, spur almost straight cylindric. H.f. <£• T. Fl. Ind. 50. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, from Gores and Kashmir to Kuiiawer, alt. 
 6-8000 ft. 
 
 Stems 1^-3 ft. ; simple below, leafy, hoary all over. Radical leaves soon withering, 
 2 in. diani., segments subpinnatifid, lobes linear or incised ; can line subsessile. Racemes 
 simple or compound, terminal, long and dense flowered ; pedicels 1 in. ; bracteoles 2, 
 linear. Flowers large, bright blue. Sepals pubescent outside, shorter than the spur. 
 Anterior petals 2-fid, hairy. Follicles 3, puberulous. 
 
 ** Spur subulate. 
 
 t Radical leaves divided to, or almod to the base (see 8, elatura). 
 
 3. D. saniculaefoliuxn, Boiss. Fl. Oiient. i. 91 ; stem 1-2 ft., racemes 
 long many-flowered, flowers about | in. long pale blue. H. f. <& T. Fl. 
 Ind. 49. 
 
 Western Punjab, on dry hills from the Indus to the Jelam, Fleming. — Distrib. 
 Aflfghanistan. 
 
 Branches rigid, spreading, hoary with appressed pubescence or glabrate. Leaves 
 1^-3 in. diam., firm, lateral segments deeply 2-lobed, lobes all cuneate and cut. Pedi- 
 cels straight, spur rather larger than the pale blue flowers. Anterior petals 3-fid, 
 white, back hairy. Follicles 3, glabrous or pubescent. 
 
 4. I>. denudatuxn, Wall. Cai. No. 4719 ; stem 2-3 ft., racemes many- 
 flowered, flowers nearly 1 in. long. H.f. c& T. Fl. Ind. 49. D. pauciflornm, 
 Royle III. 55 [not of Don). 
 
 West Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon in grassy places. 
 
 Stem branched, glabrous or downy above. Radical leaves 2-6 in. diara., orbicular, 
 5-9-partite ; segments cuneate-obovate, 2-pinnatifid, lobes oblong or hnear-oblong ; 
 cauline few, uppermost 3-partite, segments linear entire. Flowers pale blue, in lax 
 much-branched racemes; bracts linear ; pedicels 2-bracteolate. >6'epa/s pubescent nut- 
 side, yellow with blue margins. Anterior petals deeply 2-fid, hairy on both surfaces. 
 Follicles 3, inflated, glabrous or sparsely hairy. 
 
 5. Z>. caBruleuxn, J acq. ex Gamh. in J acq. Voy. Rot. 7, t. 6 ; stem 3-12 in. 
 much branched, racemes few-flowered, flowers 1 in. or more long. H.f. 
 <Sc T. Fl. Ind. 67. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, attaining alt. 17,000 ft. in the latter 
 country. 
 
 Stem branched from the base, leafy, spreading. Leaves suborbicular, \\-\\ in. diam., 
 6-7-lobed, lobes cuneate-oblong, incised or pinnatitid, segments linear.' Flowers soli- 
 tary, in long branches, or few in a loose raceme, pale blue, hairy. Sepals shorter than 
 the nearly straight spur. Anterior petals obovate or obcordate, a little hairy. Follich'^ 
 5, hairy. 
 
 tt Radical leaves orbicular or reniform^ palmate to the middle [or base in 
 8, D. elatum). 
 
 6. D. dasycaulon, Fresen. Mus. Senh. ii. 272 ; stem softly tomentose, 
 flowers bright-blue, spur shorter than the sepal H. f <h T. Fl. Ind. 50 ; 
 Dalz. <h Gibs. Bombay Fl. 2 ; Oliver Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 11. 
 
 Mountains of the Dekkan near Junir, Stocks, &c. — Distrib. Abyssinia. 
 
 Stem 1^-3 ft., branched, few-leaved. Radical leaves 3-6 in. diam., 5-fid to the 
 middle, pale and veined beneath, lobes broadly trapezoid, 3-fid, segments incised ; cauline 
 5-partite, segments nanower, inciso-pinnatifid. Racemes lax, compound; lower bracts 
 2 in., leafy, oblong or lanceolate, upper linear; pedicels 1-2 in., ebracteoUite. Flowers 
 bright-blue, inodorous. Sepals ^-1 in., with a bearded dorsal pale spot. Spur conic, 
 
26 I. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. &. Thoms.) [Delphinium.- 
 
 slightly curved, nearly 4 as loDg as the sepal. Anterior petals 2-fid. FoUicles % in,, 
 tojiientose. 
 
 7. Z>. altissimum, Wall. Plant. As. Rar. it t. 128; Cat. 4718; stem 
 sparsely hairy glabrous below, racemes lax few-flowered, flowers deep blue 
 or purple, spur longer than the sepals. Griff. It. Notes 64 (N«. 827) ; 
 H.f.<ijT.FLInd.b\. 
 
 Central Himalaya ; Nipal, WaUich, Khasia hilu, above 5000 ft., Gnffith, &c. 
 
 Stem 2-4 ft., much-branched, few-leaved, hairs spreading. Jiadical leaves 3-6 in. 
 diani., pale beneiVth, 5-7-fid, lobes broadly cuneate, 3-lobed, coarsely toothed ; cauliiie 
 sessile, 3-lobed or entire ; petiole lit. and under. Hacemes long, lax, few-tlowered; 
 pedicels often 2 in. ; bracts and bracteoles linear. Flowers large, very leiid, hairy out- 
 side. Spur subulate, incurved. Anterior petals 2-lobed, hairy ; posterior, dark-purple, 
 2- toothed. Follicles 3, pubescent 
 
 8. I>. elatum, L. ; stem glabrous or hairy, racemes dense-flowered, 
 flowers pale blue or purplish, spur equalling the sepals. D. ranunculi- 
 folium, Wall. Cat. 4716 • //./. c<b T. Fl. Ind. 51. D. incisum, Wall. Cat. 4717. 
 D. pyramidale, Moyle III. 56. D. Hofl'uieisteri, Klotzscii Bot. Htise Fr. Wald. 
 t. 39. 
 
 Wkst Temperate Himalaya, in the inner and Tibetan valleys, alt. 10-12,000 ft. ; 
 from Kumaon to Kashmir. 
 
 Utem 2-4 f t , sparingly branched. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., rounded or renifonn, pale 
 beneath, S-T-lobed or -partite, segments cuneate-oblong, 3-lobed or variously cut. 
 Bacemes much branched, elongate; pedicels 1-3 in.; lower bracts leafy, 3-lobed or -par- 
 tite ; bracteoles linear. Flowers hairy outside. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Spur subu- 
 late. FoUichs 3. 
 
 Vab. 1. ranunculifolium ; leaves 5-lobed to about the middle, segments broadly 
 cuneate. 
 
 Var. 2. inchum; leaves 6-partite, segments narrow incised. 
 
 *** Spur inflated, conicaL Flowers large; sepals connivent, mem- 
 branous. 
 
 9. D. vestitum, Wall. Cat. 4715 ; stem hispid, leaves palmately 5-7- 
 loberl, flowers in long dense racemes. Royle III. 55 ; //./ <£-• T. Fl. Ind. 52. 
 D. rectivenium, Roi/le III. 56. 
 
 West and Central Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Nipal to 
 Kunawer. 
 
 Stem 1^-3 ft., simple below, hairs spreading or reflexed. Radical leaves 6-12 in. 
 diam., lobes rounded, cut or toothed; petiole 6-12 in. ; cauline 2-3, smaller. Raceme 
 olten 1 ft., simple or sparingly branched below; pedicels 1-3 in. ; bracts linear or lan- 
 ceolate, lower sometinjes 3-lobed ; bracteoles 2 above the middle. Flowers dense, 
 large, hairy. Sepals membranous, broad, rounded, equalling or exceeding the conical 
 incurved spur. Follicles 3. 
 
 10. D. Cashmiriannm, Ro7/le III. 55. t. 12 ; stem glabrous strigose 
 or softly hai ly, leaves palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes sharply cut, flowers in lax 
 corymbs. H. /. <{; 2\ Fl. Ind. 52 {excl. syn. D. Jacquemontianum, Camb.). 
 
 West Tibet and Tibetan Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 11-16,000 ft. 
 
 Stem 1-1 4 ft., few-leaved, glabrous or softly or hispidly hairy. liadical leaves 2-4 in. 
 diam., lobes cuneate-ovate, acute, 3-lobed and cut ; cauline 3-5-partite. Branches of 
 cori/mb terminating in few-flowered racemes, upper bracts lanceolate ; bracteoles linear. 
 Sepals 1 in. or more long, hairy, equalling or exceeding the straight couical spur. Fol- 
 lich'S 3-7, downy. — The strigose states are best distinguished from small plants of D. 
 vestitum, by the inflorescence and size of the flowers. 
 
Delphinium.] i. ranunculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 27 
 
 11. D. vlscosum, //. f, & T. Fl. Ind, 52 ; stem covered with soft brown 
 tomentum, leaves reniform pahnately 5-7-lobed, lobes obtusely crenate, 
 flowers corymbose. 
 
 Alpine East Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 12-16,000 ft., Hook.f. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., branched from the base. Leaves 2-4 in. diani., at length glabrate, 
 lobed to near the middle, Flowers solitary or few at the ends of the brandies of the 
 corymb ; bracts 3-partite ; bracteoles linear-oblong. Sepals % in., broadly oval, pale 
 blue, purple, tomentose, membranous, equalling the conical incurved spur. Follicles 3, 
 glabrous, ciliate on the suture. 
 
 12. I>. g-laciale, H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 53 ; stem softly hairy, leaves 
 3-partite. lobes deeply multifid, flowers in lax corymbs. 
 
 Alpine East Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Hook.f. 
 
 Stem 3-6 in., simple, leafy. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., segments broadly cuneate. 
 Corymbs few-liowered ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles many on the long pedicels, linear, or 
 cut into linear lobes. Flowers large, hairy. Sepals exceeding 1 in., orbicular, mem- 
 branous, longer than the short straight conical spur. Fullicles 4-5, 4 in. long. — Whole 
 plant of a rank musk odour. 
 
 13. X>. Brunonianum, Eoi/le III. 56; stem glabrous or downy below 
 glandular-pubescent above, leaves 5-fid to the middle, lobes sharply cut or 
 toothed, flowers corymbose. H.f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 53 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t 5461. 
 D. Jacquemontianum, Camh. iji Jacq. Voy. Bot. 8, t. 7. D. moschatura, 
 Munro in H. f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 53. 
 
 Alpine West Tibet, alt. 14,000 ft. 
 
 Stem 6-12 in., simple below, leafy. Leaves 3-4 in. diam., lobes cuneate-ovate ; 
 petioles very long. Flowers large, pale-blue, hairy; corymbs sometimes compound; 
 bracts 3-5-partite, upper simple, oblong or linear. Sepals 1 in., membranous, orbicular, 
 veined; longer than the conic spur. Follicles 5-6, f in., viscidly pubescent: whole 
 plant musky. — D. moschatum was distinguished by the colour and texture of the pos- 
 terior petal, which proves to be very variable. 
 
 D. scabrtflorum, Hon in Mem. Wern. Soc. iii. 412 (D. Carela, Don Prodr. 195), 
 appears to differ from H. altissimum and vestitum chiefly in the glabrous follicles ; it 
 is described from Nipal specimens of Wallich, but none thus named exist in the Walli- 
 chian Herbarium. 
 
 Fragments of a Delphinium, closely allied to H. incanum were brought by Dr. Hooker 
 from Tibet, north of Sikkim ; it differs from D. incanum in the slightly notched petals, 
 and may be new. 
 
 2). pawci/^oriijn, Don Prodr. 106, is doubtless the cultivated D. ajacis or common 
 Larkspur. 
 
 16. ACONZTUM, Linn. 
 
 Perennial, erect, rarely twining herbs. Leaves palmati partite, rarely 
 entire. Flowers irregular, racemed, blue purple white or yellow. Sepals 5, 
 petaloid, posterior (helmet) vaulted, the rest flat, 2 anterior narrower than 
 the lateral. Petals 2-5 ; 2 posterior clawed, limb hooded and enclosed in the 
 helmet, 3 lower small or obsolete. Stamens many. Follicles 3-5 sessile. 
 Seeds many ; testa spongy, rugose or wrinkled. — Disteib. North temp, zone, 
 species about 183. 
 
 The roots of all the species, except A. Lycocfonum, A. heterophyllum, and certain 
 forms of J. NapeJlus, are poisonous, and called Bikh or Bish by the Hill people. We 
 have omitted the characters taken from the petals (which are over much relied on by 
 systematists) because they are so variable and so difficult of exact discrimination ia 
 dried specimens. 
 
 The genus Nikbisia of Don (Gen. Syst. Gard. i. 63) was founded on an indeterminable 
 species of tiiis genus. 
 
28 I. RANUNCULACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Aconitum. 
 
 1. A. uncinatuxn, Lmn. ; stem twining, leaves palmately 3-5-fid, 
 flowers panicled, helmet with a short bhint dorsal cone, testa phiited. 
 DC. Prodr. i. 60. A. variegatum, H.f. (L- T. Fl. Ind. 56 {not of L.). 
 
 East Temperate Himalaya ; Sikkim, Lachoong valley, alt. 9000 ft., Hook.f. 
 
 Stem several feet long, very slender, weak, nparingly bianched, glabrous or puberulous. 
 Leaves 3-4 in. broad, lobes cuneate ovate sharply cut and toothed ; bracts similar. 
 Flowers §-1 in. lon^, in open large panicles, yellowish or bluish green. Helmet much 
 aiched, bluntly beaked in front. tSpur reflexed. FollicUs 5, glabrous. — Specimens too 
 scanty for correct identification. 
 
 2. Ai Xiycoctonum, Limi. ; stetn erect much branched, leaves pal- 
 mately deeply 5-9-lobed, racenjes branched, helmet with a short beak and 
 long cylindric or conical dorsal prominence, testa plaited. UC. Frodr. i. 57 ; 
 H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 72. A. laeve, Royle lU. 66. 
 
 West Temperate Himalaya ; Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 7-10,000 ft. — Distrib. 
 Europe, N. Asia. 
 
 Stems 3-6 ft., glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 6-10 in. diam., lobes cnneate-ovate, 
 shai-ply cut, lower long petioled, upper sessile. liacemes long, tomentose ; bracts 
 minute. Flowers pale yellow or dull purple, variable in size. Follicles 3, spreading. 
 
 3. A. luridum, //. / d- T. Fl. Ind. 55; stem erect simide, leaves 
 palmately 5-tid below the middle, raceme simple, helmet with a long 
 straight beak and broad dome-like dorsiil prominence, testa smooth. 
 
 Alpine East Himalaya ; Sikkim, alt. 14,000 ft., Ilook.f. 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft., slightly pubescent, few-leaved. Radical hares 2-3 in. diam., segments 
 cuneate-ovate, 3-fid and coarsely cn-nate, petiole long ; cauline 2-5-partite. Raceme 
 4-1 ft., pedicels short; lower bracts leafv, sessile, 3-5-partite, upper entire. Flowers 
 dull red. Sepals brown-tomentose. Follicles 3-5, erect. 
 
 4. A. palxnatuxn, Don Prodr. 196; stem erect simple below, leaves 
 reniform deeply o-lobed, ])anicle few-flowered, helmet much vaulted shortly 
 beaked, testa plaited. WaLL Cat. 4723 ; R-jylt III. 57 ; H.f d: T. Fl, Ind. 
 56 ; A. lethale, Griffith Notid. iv. 732. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, alt. 8-10,000 ft. ; Mishmi, 
 Griffith. 
 
 Stem 2-5 ft , leafy, gliCbrous. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., sinus shallow ; segments cuneate- 
 ovate, deeply sharply cut ; petioles long Flowers large, greenish-blue, pedicels long. 
 Helmet rather higher than broad. Follicles 5, 1-1^ in. long, glabrous. 
 
 5. A. ferox, Wall, in Seringe Mas. Ildvet. i. 160, d in DC. Prodr. i. 64 
 {not of Plant. As. Rar.) ; stem erect simple below, leaves rounded or oval 
 palmately 5-fid, raceme terminal dense-flowered, helmet vaulted with a 
 short sharp beak, testa plaited. Wall. Cat. 4721, B, C, D ; H. f. d T. Fl. 
 Ind. 56. A. virosum, Don Prodr. 196. 
 
 Temperate Subalpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, alt. 10-14,000 ft. 
 
 Stem 3-6 ft., puberulous, leafy. Leaves 3-6 in. ; lobes cuneate-ovate, incised. 
 Raceme 6-12 in., simple or sparingly branchtd below, tomentose ; pedicels 1-2 in., 
 thickened at the top; bracts pinnatilid ; bracteoles linear. i'7o?cer« large, pale dirty 
 blue. Helmet about twice as long as high. Follicles 5, erect, usually densely villous, 
 glabrous in some Garwhal specimens. 
 
 6. A. Napellus, Linn. ; stem erect simple, leaves palmatipartite, seg- 
 ments linear multitid, raceme simple few- or many-flow^ered, helmet shallow, 
 tapering to a slender beak, testa siuooih, DC. Prodr. i. 02 ; H.f. d T. Fl. 
 Ind, 57. 
 
Aconitum.] i. rancjnculace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 29 
 
 Temperate Alpine Himalaya, from 10,000 ft. to the highest limit of vegetation in 
 the N.W. provinces. — Distiiib. Temp, and arctic Europe, Asia, and America. 
 
 Stem 6 in.-3 ft., often decumbent in small states, glabrous or slightly pubescent. 
 Leaves very variable in size, ultimate divisions linear. Racemes simple or sparingly 
 compound; bracts entire or 3-fid. Flowers §-1 in. long, bright or dull greenish-blue. 
 Helmet three times as long as iiigh. Follicles 3-5, in the Indian forms hairy. — An 
 extremely variable plant, of which we have vainly attempted to refer the Indian forms 
 to those indicated by Kegel The small alpine forms closely resemble the arctic Ame- 
 rican forms of A. delphinifolium. The roots of vars. 1 and 2 are poisonous, but those 
 of 3 and 4 are eaten by the Bhoteas. 
 
 Var. 1. Napellus proper; stem 2-3 ft. leafy, raceme dense flowered. 
 
 Var. 2. rigidum; stem 2-3 ft. few-leaved, leaves firm subcoriaceous with spreading 
 falcate sharp teeth, racemes lax few-flowered, tomentose. A. dissectum, Don Prodr. 1 97 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 4724 ; Royle III. 54. A. ferox. Wall. Cat. 4721 A ; Plaat. As. Bar. t. 41. 
 
 Var. 3. multifidum; stem 6-12 in. erect or decumbent few-leaved, leaves 1-2 in. 
 diam. many-lobed to the base, lobes cut into linear segments; racemes lax few- or 
 many-flowered. A. multifidum, Boyle 111. 56. A. oligduthejuum, Kern. Nov. PI. Sp. 
 Dec. ii. 23. 
 
 Var. 4. rotun'difolium ; like var. 3, but leaves not divided to the base. A. rotun- 
 difolium, Kar. & Kir.; Lad. Fl. Boss. n. 1740. A. Tianschanicum, Osk. & Bupr. 
 Sert. Tlan. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 1869. 
 
 7. A. heterophyllum, Wall. Cat. 4722 ; stem erect leafy, leaves broad 
 ovate or orbicular-cordate more or less 5-lobed and -toothed, upper entire 
 amplexicaul. raceme many-flowered, helmet shortly beaked, testa smooth. 
 Boyle III. 56, t. 13 ; H.f. ^ T. Fl. Did. 58. A. cord^tum, Moyle III. 56. 
 A. Atees, Boi/le in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, i. 459. 
 
 West Temperate Himalaya, from Kumaon to Hasora, alt. 8-13,000 ft. 
 
 Stem 1-3 ft., simple or branched from the base, glabrous below, puberulous above. 
 Leaves 2-4 in., acute or obtuse ; cauline sharply toothed, the lowest long petioled and 
 not amplexicaul. Bacemes often pauicled ; bracts sharply toothed, upper 3-fid or entire. 
 Flowers more than 1 in. long, bright blue, greenish blue with purple veins. Helmet 
 half as high as long. Follicles 5, downy. — Root much valued in India, according to 
 Royle, as a febrifuge and tonic. 
 
 17. ACTISA, Linn. 
 
 An erect perennial herb. Leaves alternate, ternately compound. Flowers 
 small, in short crowded racemes. Se2mls 3-5, rather unequal, petaloid. 
 Petals 4-iO, small, spathulate, or 0. Stamens many, filatnents slender. 
 Carpel 1, raany-ovuled ; stigma sessile, dilated. Berry many-seeded. Seeds 
 depressed ; testa coriaceous, smooth. 
 
 1, A. spicata, Linn.; leaflets ovate-lanceolate entire or 3-lobed acutely 
 serrate. DC. Prodr. i. i5b; H.f. (t T. Fl. Ind. 59. A. acuminata, Wall. 
 Cat. 4726 ; Royle III. 57. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, fromBhotan, Griffith, to Hazara. — Distrib. Europe, N.Asia, 
 N. America. (Bane-beiTy.) 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft., erect, from a woody horizontal rootstock, covered at the base with 
 leafless sheaths. Leaves 1 ft.; leaflets ^-2 in. Bacemes 1-3 in. ; pedicels filiform. 
 Flowers I in. diam., white. Berry elliptic or subglobose; black in the European and 
 Himalayan form, white and red in the American. 
 
 18. CXMICIFUGA, Linn. 
 
 Erect perennial herbs. Leaves 2-5-ternately divided. Flowers in long 
 slender racemes, regular. Sepals 4-5, deciduous, petaloid. Petals (or trans- 
 
30 I. RANUNCULACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [CimiciJ'uga^ 
 
 formed stamens) 1-8, small, clawed, 2-horned at the tip. Stamens maiiyt 
 filaments slender. Carpets 1-8, many-ovuled. Fruit of many-seeded tol* 
 licles. Seeds compressed, testa smooth or scaly.— Distejb. Europe, N. Asia, 
 !N. America; species about 8. 
 
 1. C. foetida, Linn.; leaflets ovate or lanceolate serrate glabrous or 
 downy, racemes panicled. H.f. d' 2\ Fl. ind. 59. C. frigida, Royle III. 57. 
 Actaea cimicifuga, L.; DC. Frodr. i. 64. A. frigida, Wall. Cat. 4725. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Bhotan, Griffith^ to Gores and Kashmir; alt. 7-12,000' 
 ft. — DjsTKHi. E. Europe, Siberia. 
 
 Stem 3-6 ft., leafy, branched, glabrous below, tomentose above. Leafleti 2-3 in., 
 pale beneath, terminal often S-lobcd. Racemes rarely simple. Flowers stuall, yellowish. 
 Fetals more or less 2-lid. Folliclts 4-8, 4 in. lon^j. 
 
 19. FSSONZA, Linn. 
 
 Erect, stout, leafy, perennial herbs or undershnibs. Leaves alternate, 
 compound. Flowers lar^e,* solitary or panicled, white or red. Sejtals 5, 
 herbaceous, persistent. Petals 5-10, larger than the sepals. Stamens many, 
 Carpels 1-5. girt below by a fleshy disk, many-seeded. Fruit of 1 or more 
 coriaceous few-seeded follicles. Seeds large, subglobose, testa thick; albu- 
 men fleshy. — DiSTRiB. N. temp, zone ; species 3-4. 
 
 1. P. emodi, Wcdl. Cat. 4727 ; flowers usually in the axils of the upper 
 leaves long peduncled, follicles 1 rarely 2. Royle III. 57 ; Hook./, in Bot. 
 Mag. t. 5719. P. ofticinalis, //./. d: T. Fl. Ind.' 60 {not of L.). 
 
 West Temperate Himalaya ; alt. 5-10,000 ft., from Kumaon to Hazara. 
 
 Erect, 1-2 ft., glabrous. Leaves 0-12 in., once or twice ternutisect; leaHets decur- 
 rent, entire or incis«d, ultimate segment* oblong or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 
 glabrous, glaucous beneath. Flowers 3-8; bmls globose ; bracts 2-3, leafy, appressed 
 to the calyx. Sepals rounded, outer with a leafy point. Follicles ovoid, obtuse, slri- 
 gose or glabrous. — The specimens from the outer Himalaya are usually l-carpellary, 
 from the inner 2-carpellary. 
 
 Var. 1. EMoni proper; follicles strigose with yellow-brown hairs. 
 
 Var. 2. olauuata; foUicles glabrous. — Very near the Siberian P. albijlora, but 
 monocarpellary. 
 
 Order II. DILLENIACEJE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Trees shrubs or herbs, sometimes climbing. Leavs alternate, simple, 
 entire or toothed (pinnatipartite in Acrotreina)^ exstipulato with sheatliing 
 petioles, or more rarely with lateral deciduous stipules. Flowers yellow or 
 white, often showy. Sejxds 5, imbricate, persistent. Fetals 5 (rarely 3 or 4) 
 deciduous. Stamens many, hypogynous, many-seriate ;„aiithers innate, with 
 Literal slits or terminal pores. Carpels 1 or more, free or cohering in the 
 axis; styles always distinct; ovules amphitropous, solitary or few and 
 ascending, or many and attached to the ventral suture. Frtdt of follicles, 
 or indehiscent and subbaccate. Seeds solitary or many, arillate, testa crus- 
 taceous, raphe siiort, albumen fleshy ; embryo minute, next the hilum. — 
 UiSTRiB. Chiefly tropical ; species about 200. 
 
 Tribe I. Delimeae. Filaments thickened upwards ; anthers short, cells 
 remote oblique. 
 
II. DiLLENiACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) 31 
 
 Carpel solitary 1. Dklima. 
 
 Carpels 2-5 2. Tetracera. 
 
 Tkibe II. Dillenieae. Filaments not thickened upwards ; anthers with 
 parallel cells. 
 
 Carpels 3; stem less herbs, leaves all radical large ... 3. Acrotrema. 
 
 Carpels 3 ; trees or shrubs 4. Schumacheria. 
 
 Carpels 5-20; seeds arillate , 5. Wormia. 
 
 Carpels 5-20; seeds not arillate 6. Dillenia. 
 
 1. DSIiII^A, Linn. 
 
 A woody climber. Leaves very scabrid, parallel-veined. Flowers many, 
 in terminal panicles, hermaphrodite, white. Sepals 5. ^ Petals 2-5. Stamens 
 many ; filaments dilated upwards ; cells much diverging. Ovary solitary, 
 subglobose, narrowed into a subulate style ; ovules 2-3, ascending. Folli- 
 cles ovoid, coriaceous, 1-seeded. Seed with a cupular toothed aril. 
 
 ]. D. sarmentosa, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 69; Wall. Cat. 6632; Bot. 
 Mag. t. 3058. Tetracera sarmentosa, WUld. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 645. 
 Leontoglossum scabrum, Hance. in Walp. Ann. iii. 812. 
 
 Eastern tropical India, from Assam to Singapore. — Distrib. Eastern Archipelago. 
 
 Leaves 3-5 in., obovate ovate or broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acute, strongly nerved, 
 quite entire serrate or crenate, appressed pilose. Flowers |-^ in. diam., in tomentose 
 or pilose spreading panicles that are often leafy. Sepals reflexed. — A very variable 
 plant indeed- 
 
 Var. 1. glabra; fruit glabrous. 
 
 Var. 2. hebecarpa; fruit hairy, U. hebecarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 70; Deless. Ic. Sel. 
 t. 72 ; Wall. Cat. 6633. D. intermedia, Blume. 
 
 2. TETRACKRA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or climbing shrubs, smooth scabrid or pubescent. Leaves with 
 parallel lateral veins. Flowers in terminal or lateral panicles, herma- 
 phrodite or partially 1-sexual. Sejials 4-6, spreading. Petals 4-6. Stamens 
 many, filaments dilated upwards, anther-cells distant. Carpels 3-5 ; ovules 
 many, 2-seriate. Follicles coriaceous, shiniiig. Seeds 1-5, with a fimbriated 
 or toothed aril. — Distrib. All tropical ; species about 24. 
 
 1. T. leevis, VaU Symh. iii. 71 ; glabrous, leaves smooth, sepals silky 
 inside glabrous outside, follicles 1-2-seeded. DC. Prodr. i. 68 : Wall. Cat. 
 6627 ; H. /. ^ T. Fl. Ind. 62. T. Rheedii, DC. Prodr. i. 68 ; W. d- A. Prodr. 
 5 ; Wight Ic. t. 70 T. trigyna, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 645. T. sericea, Bl. 
 Bijd. 3. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; forests of Malabar ; and in Ceylon. — Distrib. Java to 
 Borneo. 
 
 Branches angular. Leaves 3-5 in., oblong or lanceolate, glabrous, entire or remotely 
 toothed, veins rather distant. Panicles terminating leafy branches, few- or many- 
 fiowered. Sepals broadly oval. 
 
 2. T. Assa* DC. Prodr. i. 68 ; young branches strigose, kaves glabrous 
 or hairy on the nerves beneath, sepals glabrous on both surfaces, ciliolate, 
 follicles 3-5-seeded. Wall. Cat. 6629 ; W. c6 A. Prodr. 5 in note ; H.f. d; T. 
 Fl. Ind. 63. 
 
32 II. DILLENIACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Tetracera. 
 
 Eastern Bengal and Eastern Peninsula from Clrittagoiig to Siucapore. — Djstkib. 
 Jova, Philippines. 
 
 Leaves 2-4 in., oblong, serratures remote. Sepals broadly oval. 
 
 3. T. Suryandra, Vahl Symh. iil 71 ; young brandies tomento.«e, 
 leaves rigid, shining above, pubescent beneath, panicle few-liowere«l, sepals 
 pubescent outside and densely ciliate, follicles 2-3-seeded. DC. trodr. i. 6b ; 
 Roxb. FL I ml ii. 646 ; //./. dh T. FL Ind. 63. T. lucida, Wall. Cat. 6631. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca and Sincapore. — Distrib. Moluccas and New Caledonia. 
 
 Branches angular. Leaves 2-5 in., elliptic-oblong and obiuse, or oblong lanceolate 
 and mucronate, entire or subdentate at the tip ; petiole short. Fanicle terminal, leaty, 
 many-flowered. Sepals ovate-oblong. 
 
 4. T. macropliylla, Wall. Cat, 6628 (by error macrrxxtrpa) ; young 
 branches pubescent, leaves rii,id scabrid on both surfaces, panicle decom- 
 pound many-riowered, sepals puberulims outside, follicles 1-seeded. U. J. 
 (L- T. FL Ind. 63. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, Malacca and Sincapore. 
 
 3. ACXtOTRSMA, Jack. 
 
 Stemless perennial herbs, with horizontal woody rootstocks. Leciim 
 large, gland-dotted, entire toothed or piniiatipartite, with sheathing deci- 
 duous stipules. Scape usually short, axillary, cl«<thed with nieinbranous 
 imbricated scales. Flowers in slmrt racemes, yellow. StjKits 5. FetaU 5. 
 SttDnens ii)-oO, in 3 bundles which alternate with the carpels; tilanients 
 filitbrm ; anthers erect, cells dehiscing from the middle'to the tip. Carjnis 
 3, .slightly cohering in the axis ; styles subulate, recurved ; ovules 2 or more. 
 Fruit of 3 follicles, bursting irregularly. Seed with a membranous aril, 
 testa crustaceous pitted. — Distrib. ISi)ecies about 8, all Indian. 
 
 A remarkable genus of very vanable species. The descriptions apply to adult foliage 
 only, all have the young haves silky. 
 
 ♦ Carpels 1-2-seeded. 
 
 1. A. oostatum, Jack, in Mai, Misc. ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 82 ; leaves 
 obovate base sagittate toothed, flowers 8-10 in lax racemes, stamens 16. 
 Wall. Cat. 1117 A] II. f. <£r T. Fl. Ind. 66. A. Wightianum, W. d: A. 
 Ftodr. 6; Wiyld ILL t. 9. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, from Moulmein to Sincapore. 
 
 Leaves 3-6 by 1^-24 in., rough with stift' hairs, toothed and densely ciliate, veins 
 beneath pale and hairy ; petiole short. Scape shorter than the leaves, setose ; pedicels 
 much longer than the hnear bracts. Ovules collateral ascending. — In the Flora Indica 
 Travancore is given as a habitat for this species on the faith of a single specimen in 
 the Wightian Herbarium fastened in the same sheet, A. Ariwttlanum, and collect«;d 
 by Kcenig, who, though he lormed most of his collections in the Madras Peninsula, also 
 visited the iStraits of Malacca. 
 
 ** Carpels many-seeded. 
 
 t Leaves not 2 'innate or pinnatifd. 
 
 2. A. Arnottianum, Wight III. 9, t. 3 ; leaves obovate-oblong obtuse 
 base rounded or cordate sharply tootheo, scape maiiy-tioweied. JJ.f. d- T. 
 FL Ind. 64. A. costatum, WaiL Cat. 1117 Ii. A. Wiglitiauum, WaU. Cat 
 3669 {not of W. d: A.), 
 
Acrotrema,] ii. dilleniace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 88 
 
 Western Peninsula, Malabar and Travancore. 
 
 Leaves 6-12 by 3-5 in., ciliate and covered with long distant soft hairs, otherwise 
 glabrous ; petioles 1-3 in., broadly winged, but not to the base. Racemes axillary, 
 2-3 in., pedicels 2-4 in., clothed with loug hairs. Sepals nearly i in. 
 
 3. A. unifloruxn, Hooh. Ic. Plant, t. 157 ; leaves obovate-oblong base 
 cordate entire or toothed scabrid on both surfaces, scape 1-2-flowered, very- 
 short, stamens 30-50. H.f.& T. Fl. hid. 64; Thwaites Enum. 2. A. 
 buUatum, and A. sylvaticum, Thw. I.e. 2 & 3. 
 
 Central and Southern Provinces of Ceylon, in shady moist places, alt. 2-4000 ft. 
 
 Leaves 4-9 by 1-3 in., tapering to the cordate base; petiole 4-2 in., narrowly 
 winged. Flowers small, pedicels 1-2 in. — A very variable plant of which the following 
 varieties seem the best marked : — 
 
 Var. 1. PETioLABis, Thw. l.c. / Icavcs narrow obovate, petioles 2-3 in. 
 
 Var. 2. ROTUNDATUM, Thwaites, I.e.; leaves very broad nearly entire, haira stiffish, 
 petioles very short. 
 
 Var. 3. bullatcm ; leaves narrow softly silky bullate, petioles very short, pedicels 
 appresised hairy. — A. bullatura, Thw. I.e. 
 
 Var. 4. appendiculatum ; leaves deeply serrate at the very base, almost lyrate, 
 petioles short. 
 
 Var. 5. sylvaticum ; leaves minutely pilose hirsute with rigid hairs on the nerves 
 beneath, base deeply cordate, petiole and pedicels short. — A. sylvaticum, Thw. I.e. 
 
 4. A. Walkeri, Wight ex Thwaites Enum. Ceyl. PI. 3 ; leaves narrowly 
 obovate-oblong bullate sharply tootlied ciliate laxly hairy above, base 
 auricled, raceme very short, stamens about 15. Hook. Bat. Mag. t. 5353. 
 
 Central Province of Ceylon, alt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 Leaves 2-4 by 4-14 '^-i rugose, dull red and hairy on the veins beneath; petiole 
 very short. Bacemes axillary ; pedicels 1-2 in., laxly villous. 
 
 Var. argyroneuron, Thwaites, I.e. 398 ; leaves larger, midrib and veins above 
 ■white. 
 
 5. A. intermedium, Thwaites Enum. 3; leaves, obovate-lanceolate 
 acute creuate-toothed coarsely hairy above, base auricled, petiole margined, 
 racemes short, subsessile, pedicels and calyx hirsute, stamens about 40. 
 
 Bank of streams Ambagamowa district of Ceylon, Thwaites. 
 
 Rootsfock elongate. Leaves 6-12 by 1-2 in., more or less hirsute above, and 
 appressed hairy on the veins beneath ; petiole 1-1^ in., margined. 
 
 6. A. lance alatum, ffook. Ic. PL under t. 157 ; leaves very narrowly 
 lanceolate sinuate-toothed, glabrous above, scape very short, stamens about 
 40. H.f- (& T. Fl. Ind. 65 ; Thw. Enum. 3. 
 
 Kittool Galle. in Ceylon. 
 
 Rootstock short. Leaves 4-12 by 4-1 in-, acute, appressed hairy on the costa and 
 nerves beneath ; petiole 1 4-1 in., hairy, margined. Ped^ce^s 1-2 in., hirsute. 
 
 7. A. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 3 ; leaves narrowly spathulate acute 
 sinuate with intiexed rigid teeth glabrous above substrigo^e on the veins 
 beneath, scape very short, stamens about 15. 
 
 Between Galle and Eatnapooi'a, Ceylon, by banks of streams, Thwaites. 
 
 Rootntock horizontal. Leaves 2-4 by \-\ in., base auricled, nerves beneath with 
 appressed hairs. Racemes short ; pedicels 1-2 in., with appressed hairs. — Very near 
 A. lanceolatum, but ditiering in the number of stamens, perhaps not a constant cha- 
 racter. 
 
 VOL. I. D 
 
34 II. DILLENIACE2E. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Acrotrema, 
 
 8. A. Thwaitesil, H. f. d- T. in Kew Journ. Bot. viii. 241, t. 4 A ; 
 leaves lanceolate pinnatifid to or beyond the middle, hairy above and on 
 the nerves beneath, scape very short, stamens about 20. 
 
 In the Dolosbage district, Ceylon, Thicaites. 
 
 liootstock small, short. Leaves 3-6 by 1-li in., segments linear-oblong, acute, en- 
 tire or toothed; petioles very short. Pedicels 1-1 4 in., slender, pilose. Sepals hirsute. 
 
 9. A. dissectum, Thwaifes in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. viii. 242, t. 4 B ; 
 leaves lanceolate interruptedly pinnatisect, softly hairy, scape very short. 
 
 At Hinidoon Korle, CErLON, Tliwaites. ' 
 
 liootstock horizontal. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1 i in., larger segments acutely lobed, with 
 two or more pairs of very small segments between each pair, white and silky beneath, 
 segments sometimes petiolulate. Pedicels slender, with spreading hairs. Flowers very 
 small, ^ in. diam. 
 
 10. A. lyratum, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 242 ; leaves linear- 
 oblong obtuse lyrate-ninnatifid toothed, glabrous except the nerves beneath, 
 base cordate, scape long naked below, pedicels glabrous, stamens about 
 35. 
 
 At Hinidoon Korle, in Ceylon, Thwaites. 
 
 Pootstock stout, ascending. Leaves 3-12 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, terminal segment 
 equalling § of the whole leaf, lateral segments 3-5 pair, small, roundfd, udnate by a 
 broad base, deflected, sharply toothed; petiole margined. Scape 1-3 in.; bracts re- 
 curved ; pedicels 1 in., often recurved. Sepals glabrous or puberulous. Floicera 
 about ^ iu. diam. 
 
 4. SCKUMACKBRZA, Yahl. 
 
 Erect or sarmentose shrubs, branches flexuous. Leaves coriaceous, lateral 
 nerves many, very strong. Flowers yellow, 2-bracteolate, in axillary or ter- 
 minal secund simple or panicled sj)ikes. ScpaU 5. Petals 5. Stamens 
 indefinite, many-seriate, unilateral, filaments very short united into a short 
 oblique cylindric posticous column ; anther-cells dehiscing longitudinally. 
 CarpeU 3, distinct, pilose ; styles filiform-subulate ; ovules solitary. Pipe 
 carpels iudeiiiscent. Seed erect, subglobose, arillate, testa crustaceous. — 
 DisTEiB. All Cinghalese. 
 
 1. S. ang-ustlfolia, //. /. <L' T. Ft. Ind. C6 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 tapering to a fine i)()int serrate, spikes axillary simple or 'panicled shorter 
 than the leaves. Thw. Enum. 4. 
 
 At Hinidoon Korle, in Ceylon, abundant. 
 
 Branches slender, young silky, old glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1-1^ in., glabrous and 
 shining above, puberulous on the veins beneath, base rounded or narrowed; petiole 
 \ in. Spikes 1-2 in. 
 
 2. S. alnifolia, II. /. d- T. Fl. Ind. 66 ; leaves broadly oval acute or 
 subacute sinuate or toothed, spikes axillary panicled shorter than the 
 leaves. Thw. Enum. 
 
 Forests in the Ambagamowa and Hunasgiria Districts of Cetlon, Thwaites. 
 
 Branches strigose, old glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 3-4 in., base obtuse, glabrous above, 
 beneath striguse on the nerves, and pubescent or glabrate between them; petiole sca- 
 brid or liirsute. Spike* 1-2 in. 
 
 Var. 1. scABKA, Thw. I.e.; leaves scabrid with distant rigid hairs. 
 
SdhmMcheria.] ii. DiLLENiACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns*) 35 
 
 Var. 2. nr.fir ATA, Wight mss. ; Thw. I.e.; leaves acutely coarsely toothed beneath 
 and the petioles hirsute, 
 Var. 3. subqlabra, Thw. I.e. ; leaves subglabrous beneath. 
 
 3. S. oastane^folia, Vahl., in Act, Hcffn, vi. 122; leaves broadly 
 oblong crenate or sinuate, spikes in much branched terminal panicles 
 longer than the leaves. Wight III. i. 9, t. 4 ; U.f. S T. Fl Ind. 66 ; Thw. 
 Enum. 4. 
 
 In the Saffragam and Galle Districts of Ceylon. 
 
 Branches hoary, at length glabrate. LeaDes 4-10 by 2-4 in., usually obtuse at both 
 ends, but sometimes acute at either, glabrous above, hoary on the veins beneath. 
 I*anide sometimes leafy. Flowers variable in size. 
 
 5. WORMZA, Eottb. 
 
 Trees, sometimes lofty, or shrubs. Leaves broad ; lateral nerves many, 
 strong, parallel ; petioles usually with deciduous stipular wings. Flowers 
 large, in terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. /Stamens inde- 
 finite, in several series, nearly free ; anthers linear, erect, cells opening by 2 
 pores. Carpels 5-10, scarcely cohering in the axis ; ovules numerous. Fruit 
 of indehiscent or follicular 3- or more-seeded carpels. Seeds with a fleshy 
 aril. — DisTRiB. Tropical Asia and Australia, and one in Madagascar ; speciea 
 about 9. 
 
 Sect. I. Capellia, Blume (genus). Inner row of stamens much longer 
 than the outer and arching over them. 
 
 1. W. suffrutlcosa, Griff. Notid. iv. 706 ; Ic. iv. t. 649, f. 1 ; leaves 
 oval- or elliptic-lanceolate sharply toothed, petiol^e broadly winged. W. ex- 
 celsa, H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 67. (excl. sijn.) W. subsessilis, Miq^. FL Ned. Ind. 
 Suppl. i. 618 ; Ann. Mm. Lugd. Bot. i. 315, t. 9. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, at Malacca and Sincapore. — Distrib. Extends to Borneo and 
 Banka, 
 
 A shfub or small tree, young parts floccose. Leaves 4-12 by 2-5 in., acute or 
 rounded at each end, coriaceous, glabrous, with scattered hairs on the veins beneath ; 
 petioles ^-2 in., wing entire. Flowers 4 in. diam., bright yellow, in leaf-opposed 
 simple or forked racemes ; pedicels alternate, 4-1 iu., top thickened. Sepals ovate, 
 obtuse, subequal, persistent. Petals obovate, crenulate. Carpels about 7, 3-5seeded. — 
 W. excelsa, with which we had confounded this (Fl. Ind. I.e.) is distinguished by its 
 crenate leaves and Harrow petiolar wing. 
 
 2. W. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 951 ; leaves oval or oblong entire or sub- 
 crenate, petiole scarcely winged. 11. f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 67. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Penang, Malacca, and Sincapore. 
 
 A tree, bark black ; young parts tomentose, old glabrate. Leaves 4-8 by 2-4 in., 
 coriaceous, glabrous when mature ; petiole 1-2 in. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., in terminal 
 leafy flexuous few-flowered panicled racemes; pedicels 1 in., thickened upwards, tomen- 
 tose. Sepals orbicular, young covered with appressed yellow pubescence, mature 
 glabrate. Carpels 8-10. — Very near W. excelsa, Jack. 
 
 Sect. II. Euwormla. Filaments all erect and nearly equal in length. 
 
 3. "W. triquetra, Rotib. Nov. Act. Hafn. ii. 532, t. 3 ; leaves broadly 
 oval repand-toothed or sinuate, petioles with broad membranous sheathing 
 deciduous stipular wings. H.f, (S: T. Fl. Ind. 67 ; Thw. Enum. 4. W. deu- 
 
 D2 
 
36 II. DILLEXIACE2E. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Wormia, 
 
 tata, DC. Prodr. i 75. Dillenia dentata, Thunh. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 201, 
 t. 20. 
 
 Moist warm parts of Ceylon, up to 2000 ft. ' 
 
 A tree, bark black, young parts hoary. Leaves 5-8 by 4-5 in., tip obtuse or sub- 
 tmncate, base rounded; petiole 2-3 in, Flotners 2 in. diam., white, in subterminal 
 leaf-opposed secund few-flowered racemes ; pedicels 1 in., thickeued upwards. CariyeU 
 5, indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. 
 
 4. W. pulcbella, Jack. Mai. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. But. Mag. i. 221 ; 
 leaves obovate obtuse, nerves distant, petiole slightly margined. H.f. d' T. 
 Fl. hid. 68. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib, Sumatra. 
 
 A small tree ; branches dark grey, glabrous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., quite entire, 
 coriaceous, tip obtuse, truncate or retuse, niucroiiate, base acute, nerves rather distant ; 
 petiole 1 in., channelled, base slightly sheathing. Flowers 2 in. diam., on axillary leaf- 
 opposed ebracteale peduncles. Sejpals broadly ovale, glabrous. Follicles 5, few-seeded. 
 /Seeds few, aril red pulpy. 
 
 6. DXZ.X.ENZA, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves broad, with conspicuous parallel lateral nerves. Flowers 
 large, solitary or fascicled, yellow or white. ASejxds 5, spreading. Petals 5, 
 broad. Stamens nearly free ; anthers linear, bursting by small slits or 
 pores ; inner erect or recurved introrse, outer recurved extrorse. Carjiels 
 5-20, cohering in the axis ; ovules indefinite. Fruit globose, formed of the 
 matured indehiscent Cixrpels inclosed in the thickened calyx. Seeds naked 
 or immersed in pulp, exarillate. — Distrib. Tropical Asia^ species 1^ 
 
 Sect. I. Eudillenla. * Zm?'e« persistent. Flowers white, (always?) ap- 
 pearing with the leaves, solitary or racemed, terminal or leaf-opposed. 
 
 1. D. indica, Linn. ; leaves lanceolate serrate, flowers solitary very 
 large, sepals fleshy. Hamilton in Prans. Linn. Soc. xv. 99. D. speciosa and 
 T>. elliptica. Thunh. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 200; DC. Prodr. i. 76; Wall. 
 Cat. 943 ; W. d A. Prodr. 5 ; Wiyht Ic. 823 ; H.f. d' T. Fl. Did. 69. 
 
 Tropical forests in the Western Peninsula, Behar and Ceylon, and the Himalaya, 
 from Nipal to AsSam. Eastern Peninsula from Silhet to Sincapore. — Dibtkib. Malay 
 Archipelago. 
 
 A rouuil headed tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves 8-10 by 2-4 in., fascicled at 
 the ends of the branches, acute, veins close-set, glabrous above, pubescent especially on 
 the nerves beneath. Flowers 6 in. diam., subterminal. Sepal/t oAicular, thick and 
 fleshy. Petals white, obovate. Inner stamens arching over the outer. Seeds com- 
 pressed, margins hairy. 
 
 2. D. ovata, Wall. Cat. 945 ; leaves ovate denticulate, flowers solitary, 
 sepals thick. //./. d T. FL Lid. 70. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Penang, Wallich, &c. 
 
 A tree, branches softly tomentose. Leaves 8 by 5 in., acute or subacute, base 
 rounded and suboblique, glabrous or pubescent on the nerves above, softly pubescent 
 beneath; petiole 1-1^ in., tomentose. Flowers ou terminal or leaf opposed peduncles 
 2 in. long. — Colour of flower unknown. 
 
 3. D. meliosmaefolia, //. /. d T. ; leaves obovate-oblong acuminate 
 
 serrate, flowers 1--2. terminal, sepals densely tomentose. 
 Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Griffith. 
 A tree; bark grey, striated; branchlets densely clothed with fulvous tomentum. 
 
Pillenia,] ii. dilleniace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 37 
 
 Leaves 6-8 by 2^-3^ in., base acute, pilose on the nerves above, shortly^ hairy espe- 
 cially on the neives beneath, nerves 16-18 on each side, oblique, terminating in short 
 sharp serratures; petiole 1 in., brown, hairy. Peduncles 1-1 4 in., densely clothed with 
 brown tomentum. Sepals nearly I4 in., ovate. — Only two specimens seen, with im- 
 perfect flowers. 
 
 4. B. bracteata, Wight Ic. t. 358; leaves oblong crenate, flowers 
 racemed, sepals suborbicular silky. Wormia bracteata, H. f. <h T. Fl. 
 Ind. 68. ? D. repanda, Roxb. FL Ind. ii. 652. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; mountains of Maisor. 
 
 A tree, young branches silky-pubescent. Leaves densely fascicled, 3-^6 by 1^-3 in,, 
 coriaceous, subacute, or obtuse, shining above, puberulous on the nerves beneath. Ra- 
 cemes 1-2 in., few-flowered, subterminal or leaf-opposed. Flowers 2^-3 in. diam. 
 JStamehs all equal, anthers 2-porose. Carpels 5, membranous, indehiscent. — Roxburgh's 
 description of D. repanda, a native of Hindostan, differs but little from the above in the 
 retuse repand smooth leaves, 5-7 -flowered raceme, and villous calyx ; we know of no 
 specimen or drawing. 
 
 5. D. retusa, Th2mb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 200, t. 19 ; leaves obovate- 
 oblong truncate or retuse quite entire or sinuate-toothed, flowers 1-3 on a 
 peduncle. Lamk. III. t. 492; BC. Prodr. i. 76; Wall, Cat. 6625; W. d' A. 
 Prodr. 6 ; Thw. Enum. 5. D. Integra, Tlmnh. I.e. 199, t. 18 ; DC. I.e. Wor- 
 mia Integra, H.f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 68. 
 
 Warmer parts of Ceylon, up to 2000 ft. 
 
 A tree ; branchlets hairy, soon glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, glabrou-9, 
 base acute; petiole 1 in. Flowers subterminal, 3 in. diam., white; peduncle 2 in. 
 Petals obovate. Stamens all erect, anthers 2-porose. Fruit I4 in. diam., of 5 carpels. 
 
 Sect. II. Colbertla, Salish. (genus). Branchlets scabrid. Leaves deci- 
 duous. Flowers appearing before the leaves, yellow, axillary or from the 
 scars, solitary or panicled. 
 
 6. D. aurea, Sm. Exot. Bot. t. 92, 93 ; leaves obovate-crenate, flower 
 solitary 4-5 in. diam., adult sepals glabrous glaucous. DC. Prodr. i. 76 ; 
 
 Wall. Cat. 6624 ;H.f.(^ T. Fl. Ind. 70. D. ornata, Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 
 21, t. 23 ; Cat. 947. D. speciosa, Griff. Notul. iv. 703. Colbertia obovata, 
 Blume Bijd. 6. 
 
 Tropical forests along the base of the Himalaya from Bhotan to Nipal. Eastern 
 Peninsula, in Pegu, Martaban, Mergui and the Andaman Islands. — Distrib. Java to 
 Borneo. 
 
 A spreading tree, bark grey. Leaves 1 ft., taperiilg to the base, distantly crenate- 
 toothed, glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath. Flowers terminating axillary short 
 shoots ; peduncle 1 in. Sepals when young villous. Carpels 8-12. Fruit with the 
 calyx as large as a small apple. 
 
 7. D. pulcherrima, Kurz in Jom^. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, 46; leaves 
 broadly obovate sinuate glabrous above, flowers 4 in. diam. solitary or 
 geminate, adult sepals silky. 
 
 Tropical forests of Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 A large tree ; bark grey; young parts silky. Leaves 9-18 by 6-12 in., orbicular or 
 cordate, rarely narrowed at the base, nerves ending in marginal points, glabrous above, 
 pale and sparsely pilose beneath ; petiole 1-2 in., ^-'^inplexicaul, deeply channelled. 
 Flowers on short axillary shoots; peduncles 1^-2 in., silky, ebracteate. Sepals elliptic. 
 Petals riarrow-obovate. — Nearly allied to D. aurea, but leaves larger, nerves less close, 
 aud petals narrower. 
 
38 II. DiLLENiACEiE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Dillenia, 
 
 8. D. scabrella, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 43 ; Fl Ind. ii. 653 ; leaves 
 obovate-oblong toothed scabrid above, flowers fascicled l|-2 in. diam., 
 sepals glabrous. Wall. PI. As. Ear. i. 20, t. 22 ; Cat. 944 \ H.f & T, Ft. 
 Ind. 70. D. pilosa. Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 102 {not of Roxb.). 
 
 Forests of Assam and Silhet, ascending to 3000 ft. in the Khasia hills. 
 
 A tree ; bark grey; young parts hairy. Leaves 6-10 by 4-6 in., obtuse, tomentose 
 beneath ; petiole 1-2 in., f amplexicaul at the dilated base. ^ Flowers 3-5 together, 
 sweet-scented, pedicels 2 in., with scattered bracts near the middle. Sepal8 glabrous. 
 Carpels 5-7. 
 
 9. D. parviflora, Grif. Notul. ir. 784 ; leaves obovate-oblong, scabrid 
 above, margins undulate denticulate, flowers 2-4 rarely solitary 1^2 in. 
 diam., sepals silky. Karz iii Joarn. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, 45. 
 
 Forests of Tenasserim, Mergui, Pegu, and the Andaman Islands. 
 
 A tall tree; bark grey, rugged; young parts silky or tomentose. Leaves l-\2hy 
 4-5 in., acute or abruptly acuminate, rigidly hirsute or softly tomentose beneath, reti- 
 culated between the nerves; petiole 1-1 ^ in., pubescent, 4 amplexicaul. Flowers on 
 wart-Hke hiteral branchlets ; pedicels 1-1 4 in., ebracteolate, tomentose. Sq^i^ls elliptic, 
 obtuse, silky, two inner less so. Petals obovate-spathulate. Stigmas 5-8. 
 
 10. Z>. penta^yna, Roxb. Cor. PL i. t. 20; Fl. Ind. ii. 652; leaves 
 oblong-lanceolate acute strongly serrate, petiole short broadly winged, 
 flowers umbelled 1 in. diam., sepals glabrous. Graham Cat. Bomb. PL 2 ; 
 
 ir. d- A. Prodr. 5 ; //./. <6 T. FL Ind. 71. D. augusta and D. pilosa, Roxb, 
 FL Ind. ii. 652. Colbertia Coromaudeliana, DC. Prodr. i. 75 ; Wall. Cat. 
 949. C. augusta, Wall Cat. 948. 
 
 Forests throughout India, from Oude and Behar to Assam, in the Western Pen- 
 insula and Pegu (absent from Ceylon). 
 
 A spreading tree ; bark grey ; branches rough and scarred ; young parts very silky. 
 Leaves 1-2 by ^-1 ft., subsessile or tapeiing into a broad ^-smiplexicaul petiole 1-2 in. 
 long, young silky pubescent, old glabrous. Floicers 5-« ; pedicels 1-2 in., ebracteolate. 
 Sepals elliptic, glabrous. Petals obovate. Carpels 5. 
 
 1 1. D. grandlfolia, WalL Cat. 946 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute 
 serrate, petiole 5-() in. hardly winged. Jl.f. <h T. FL Ind. 71. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; at Penang and Malacca. 
 
 Very similar to D. pentagyna, but leaves softly hairy above, densely tomentose be- 
 neath, and petioles 5-6 iu. also densely tomentose. The specimens in Wall. Herb, are 
 very imperfect. 
 
 12. B. floribunda, //, /. tCr T. FL Ind. 71 ; leaves broadly elliptic 
 glabrous above obtuse at both ends subentire, petiole not winged, flowers 
 umbelled about 1 in. diam. Colbertia floribunda, WalL Cat. 950. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, Martaban, Wallich. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 18 by 10 in., obtuse at both ends, glabrous above, downy on the 
 nerves beneath; petiole about 3 in., glabrous, ebracteolate. — Two leaves and a trun- 
 cheon of wood with a few withered flowers are all that represent this species in the 
 "Wallichian Herbarium. 
 
 Order III. MAGNOUACE.S:. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, often aromatic, wood-tissue with 
 glandular markings. Leaves alternate, quite entire or toothed, stipulate 
 or not. Flowers axillary and terminal, often showy, white yellow or red. 
 
III. MAGNOLiACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) ' 39 
 
 sometimes unisexual. Sepals and joe^a^s very deciduous, hypogynous, arranged 
 in whorls of 3 (in Eupielea absent). Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, fila- 
 ments flattened or terete, free or monadelphous ; anthers basitixed, adnate 
 cells bursting longitudinally. Carpels indefinite, free or partly cohering^in 
 one whorl or in several on an elongate axis ; styles short or rarely long, 
 stigmatose on the inner surface ; ovules 2 or more, or the ventral suture 
 anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit of berried or follicular rarely woody 
 indehiscent carpels, which are sometimes arranged in a cone.^ Seeds so\ita>ry 
 or few, sometimes pendulous from a long funicle, testa single and crus- 
 taceous, or double, the outer fleshy ; albumen granular or fleshy and oily ; 
 embryo minute, cotyledons spreading, radicle short blunt next the hilum. — 
 DiSTEiB. Chiefly natives of the tropical and temperate Asiatic mountains 
 and United States, a few are Australian ; species about 70. 
 
 Tkibe I. Trochodendreae. Perianth absent. 
 
 1. EUPTELEA. 
 
 Teibe II. Wlntereee. Stipules 0. Perianth double. Carpels in one 
 whorl. 
 
 2. Illicium. 
 
 Teibe III. XHag'nolieee. Erect trees or shrubs. Stipules conspicuous, 
 convolute and sheathing the young foliage, deciduous. 
 
 Gynophore sessile. 
 
 Carpels of fruit indehiscent, deciduous . . 3. Talauma. 
 
 Carpels of fruit dehiscing dorsally. Ovules 2 4. Magnolia. 
 
 Carpels of fruit dehiscing dorsally. Ovules 6 or more .... 5. Manglietia. 
 
 Gynophore stalked 6. Michelia. 
 
 Tribe IV. Schizandreee. Climbing shrubs. Leaves exstipulate. 
 
 Carpels of fruit spiked 7. Schizandra. 
 
 Carpels of fruit capitate 8. Kadsdra. 
 
 1. EUFTEXiXSA, Sieb. and Zucc. 
 
 A shrub. Leaves alternate, deciduous, toothed ; petiole sheathing ; sti- 
 pules 0. Flowers pedi celled, polygamo- dioecious. Sepals and petals 0. 
 Stamens 15-20, in one whorl. Carpels as many as the stamens, pedicelled, 
 obovate, much compressed, winged, indehiscent ; stigma sessile, decurreht 
 from the tip to opposite the insertion of the ovule. Fruit of indehiscent 
 dry flat winged 1-4-seeded carpels. Seeds closely packed ; testa hard, coria- 
 ceous ; albumen granular ; embryo minute. — Distrib. 2 species, the follow- 
 ing and a Japanese. 
 
 1 . S. pleiosperma, H. f. & T. in Proc. Linn. Soc. vii. 240, t. 2. 
 
 MiSHMi HILLS, near the top of Mount Thumathaga, Griffith. 
 
 A shrub ; branches smooth, spotted with white ; buds lateral and terminating short 
 lateral shoots, enclosed in hard black shining scales. Leaves 3-4 by 2-3 in., broad 
 elliptic, acutely toothed, acute at both ends, glabrous, pale beneath, nerves very oblique ; 
 petiole 1^ in., channelled above, dilated at the base. — Specimens imperfect. 
 
 2. XI.X.ZCXUM, Linn. 
 
 ^ Evergreen aromatic shrubs or small trees. Leaves quite entire, pellucid- 
 " dotted. Flowers 2-sexual, solitary or fascicled, yellow or purplish. Sepals 
 
 y 
 
40 III. MAGNOLiACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [niicium. 
 
 3-6. Petals 9 or more, 3- many-seriate. Stamens indefinite, filaments thick ; 
 anthers adnate, introrse. Ovaries indefinite, 1-seriate, 1-ovuled ; style subu- 
 late, recurved. Fruit of spreading compressed hard follicles. iSeeils com- 
 pressed, testa hard shining, albumen fleshy.— Distrib. N. America, China, 
 Japan, India ; species about 5. 
 
 1. Z. Griffithii, //. /. <{: T. Fl. Ind. 74 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, peri- 
 anth segments about 24. 
 
 Copses in Bhotan and the Khasia hills, alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 A shrub, branches angular, glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., acute at both ends, 
 coriaceous, shining, l^lowera 1^ in. diam. Sepals 6, orbicular. Pi tali 18, outer 
 oval, inner smaller and narrower. Carpels with a thin fleshy epicarp, woody endocarp, 
 and short subulate incurved beak. — Specimens in bud and fruit only. 
 
 2. Z. majus, H.f. d- T. ; leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, perianth - 
 segments about 16. 
 
 Tenassehim, on the Thoung Gain range, alt. 5500 ft., Lohh. 
 
 A shrub, 30 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-2 in., sharply acuminate, coriaceoofl, glabrous 
 shining above ; petiole 1 m.* Flowers pink. Pidiceh 1-3 in., subterniinal, solitary or 
 fascicled. ^Sepals and petals orbicular, ciliate, inner broad-oval. Filaments short, 
 broader than the oblong anthers. Ovaries spreading. Fruit unknown. 
 
 3. TAZiAVMA, Juss. 
 
 Trees or slirubs. Leaves and inflorescence of Magnolia. Se^xds 3. Petals 6 
 or more, in 2 (jr more whorls. Stanuns yery numerous, many-seriate ; antliers 
 linear, introrse. Gynophore sessile. Ovaries indefinite, 2-ovuled, spiked or 
 capitate ; stigmas decurrent. Carpels woody, separating from the woody axis 
 at the ventral suture, and leaving the seeds suspended from the latter by an 
 elastic cord. Seeds of Mcvgndia.— Distrib. Tropics of E. Asia and S. Ame- 
 rica, and in Jai>an ; species about 15. 
 
 1. T. Kodg-soni, IT.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 74 ; leaves obovate-oblong acute or 
 obtuse glabrous, ovaries glabrous, fruit ovoid, can)el8 sharply beaked. 
 H.f. III. Jlim. Pl.t. i^. 
 
 Forests of the Sikkim Himalaya and of the Khasia hili.8, alt. 4-5000 ft. 
 
 A lofty evergreen tree. Leaves 8-20 by 4-9 in., coriaceous, petiole 1-2 in. Flowers 
 white, odomus; peduncle short, thick; buds subgIob<t8e, 2-3 in. diam. Fruit 4r-^ \Tk.\ 
 carpels 14 by 1 in. ; pits of the axis deep, nearly square. 
 
 2. T. Rabanlana, //. /. ft T. Fl. Ind. 75.; leaves lanceolate glabrous, 
 ovaries glabrous, fruit ovoid, carpels shortly beaked. Liriodeudron lilii- 
 fera, Koxb. Fl. Ind. il 654. * 
 
 Forests of the Khasia hills, alt. 4000 ft. H. /. tG T. 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves 8-12 by 2-4 in. ; petiole 1 in. Fruit 4-6 ill i, longer than 
 broad ; pits of the axis shallow, elongated. 
 
 3. T. lanig-era, H.f. d; T. ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends, gla- 
 brous, ovaries densely woody, ripe fruit unknown. 
 
 Eastekn Peninsula, Griffith. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 12 by 5 in. ; petiole 1 in., thickened below. Flowers larc^e, odorous; 
 peduncle densely tomentose. Sepals 3, tomentose, at length glabrate. Pitah about 8, 
 oblong, fleshy, exceeding the sepals. Carpels (immature) densely woolly, beak glabrous. 
 
 4. T. xnutabilis, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 24, t. 10-12 ;* leavas ellipti^ 
 or lanceolate acuminate usually pilose or downy beneath, fruit ovoid; 
 
Talauma.] iii. magnoliaceje. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 41 
 
 carpels 9-1 2 coriaceous tubercled, beak short recurved. II. f. (h T, Fl. Ind, 
 74, Manglietia Candollei, Wall, Gat. 6497 {not of Blume). 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, from Moulmein to Penang. — Distbib, Java. 
 
 A shrub, 6-9 ft. (Blume) or tree; bark brown. Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in., glabrous 
 above, rarely so beneath, base acute; petiole 1-2 in., thickened below. Flowers large, 
 white ; peduncle stout, silky or woolly. /Sepals 3, 1-2 in., oval, thick, greenish. Fetals 
 6, obovate. F'ruit 2 in. 
 
 4. MAGNOZiIA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen or deciduous ; buds enveloped in the 
 convolute stipules, which are connate in pairs. Flower large, terminal. 
 Sepals 3. Petals 6-12, 2-4-seriate. Stamens numerous, many-seriate, 
 filaments flat; anthers adnate, introrse. Gynophore sessile. Garpels many, 
 imbricated on a long axis, 2-ovaled, persistent ; stigmas decurrent on the 
 ventral suture. _ Fruit an elongated axis, with persistent adnate 1-2-seeded 
 dorsally dehiscing follicles. Seeds pendulous from the carpels by a long 
 cord ; outer walls of testa fleshy ; albumen oily. — Distrib. Temp. N. Ame- 
 rica, temp, and trop. E. Asia and Japan ; species about 15. 
 
 1. m. Campbellil, B.f.(k T. Fl. Ind. 77 ; leaves deciduous elliptic 
 ovate or oblong acute or acuminate membranous, flowers appearing before 
 the leaves white or rose, carpels obtuse not beaked. R. /. III. Him. PL t. 4, 5 ; 
 Griff. Ic. iv. t. 656. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, forests of Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 8-10,000 ft. 
 
 A lofty tree, branches black. Leaves 4^-12 by 2-4 in., glabrous above, glaucous 
 pubescent or silky beneath, base cordate rounded or oblique ; petiole 1 in. Floioers 
 6-10 in. diam. Petals 9-12. Fruit 6-8 in. 
 
 2. BX. g-lobosa, ff. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 77 ; leaves deciduous ? ovate acute 
 or obtuse shortly mucronate glaucous beneath, buds globose appearing 
 with the leaves, carpels shortly beaked. 
 
 Inner ranges of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 9-10,000 ft, 
 
 A small tree, branches brown, young tomentose, old glabrous. Leaves 5-9 by 3-6 
 in., nerves beneath tomentose. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., white, odorous; buds 1^ in. 
 diam. Petals 6. Fruit 2-3 in. long. 
 
 - 3. IMC. Griffithll, H.f. d; T,; leaves persistent oblong acute pale beneath, 
 buds oblong appearing with the leaves, carpels obtuse not beaked. 
 
 Forests of Upper Assam, near Sadya, Griffith, 
 
 An evergreen tree ; young branches and buds silky tomentose, finally glabrate. Leaver 
 10-14 by 5-6 in., coriaceous, glabrous above, nerves a little rough beneath ; petiole \ in. 
 Floioer-huds 2 in., enclosed in silky bracts. Carpels 1-2-seeded. — The number of ovules 
 is doubtful, and the plant may be a Manglietia. 
 
 4. TSL, sphenocarpa, Roxb. Gor. PI. iii. t. 266; leaves evergreen oblong 
 obtuse or subacute glabrous on both sides or puberulous beneath buds 
 globose appearing with the leaves, carpels very long-beaked. Wall, Gat. 
 975 ; H. f. (&: T. Fl. Ind. 78. Liriodendron grandiflorum, Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 
 653. Michelia macrophylla, Don Prodr. 226. 
 
 Tropical Himalayan forests, from Nipal to Assam, Khasia hills, and CmTTAGONO, 
 alt. 3000 ft. 
 
 Evergreen ; young parts hoary, at length glabrate. Leaves 8-1 6 by 3-6 in , tapering 
 to the base, thick, coriaceous ; petiole 1-2 in. Floicers white, fragrant ; buds 2 in. iliam. 
 Petals 6, oval, fleshy. Fruit 8-16 in. ; beak of carpels compressed, 1 in. or more. — 
 
45; III. MAGNOLiACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Magnolia. 
 
 Tliere is an undescribed Magnolia or Manglietia in Herb. Hook, from Bhotan {Booth) 
 too incomplete for description. 
 
 5. MANGZiIETIA, Blume. 
 
 Trees ; foliage and inflorescence of Magiiolia. Sej^als 3. Petals 6 or niore, 
 2- or more-seriate. Stamens very numerous, many-seriate ; anthers linear, 
 adnate, introrse. Gynophm-e sessile. OiKiries many, cohering in an ovoid 
 head ; stigma Recurrent on the ventral suture ; ovules 6 or more. Fruii 
 ovoid, head of carpels persistent dehiscing dorsally. ISetds as in Magnolia. — 
 DiSTfiiB. Mountains of tropical Asia ; .species 5. 
 
 1. BI. insi^nis, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 23 ; leaves lanceolate acute or 
 acuminate, fruit a dense oblong spike of carpels. II. J. d' T. Fl. Jnd. 76. 
 Magnolia insiguis, Wall. Tent. Fl. ^ep. t. 1 ; PL As. Bar. ii 1. 182 ; Cat. 973. 
 
 NiPAL, alt. 6-10,000 ft. Khasia hills, alt. 3-6000 ft. 
 
 A lofty tree, wholly glabrous except a few brown hairs on the tips of the. bud-scales. 
 Leaves 4-8 by 1-24 >"•. coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, petiole J-l in- Flowers 
 odorous, pdle pink ; buds 2 in., ovoid-oblong. FetaU 9. Fruit 3-4 ii»., bright-purple 
 when fresh. 
 
 Var. 1. latifolia; leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in., elliptic-lanceolate acute. 
 
 Vab. 2. angustifolia; leaves 6-8 by 1-2 in., lanceolate acuminate. 
 
 2. M. Caveana, //. /. d- T. Fl. Ind. 76 ; leaves obovate oblong obtuse 
 or mucronate, fruit an ovuid or subglobose spike of carpels. 
 
 Forests of the Khasia hills, alt. 2-3000 ft., H.f. A T. 
 
 A lofty tree, glabrous everywhere. Leaves 8-10 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, glaucous be- 
 neath, reticulated when dry ; petiole 2 in. Flowers unknown. Carpels rounded at the 
 back. Seeds 2-6. 
 
 6. iaZCHZ:Z.ZA, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves as in Magnolia. Fhnvers axillary, solitary (terminal in 
 M. Cathcartii). Sepalu &ud j>et<tls similar, 9-15 or more. 3- or more-seriate. 
 Stam-ens as in Magnolia. Gynophore stalked. Carpels in a loose spike, 
 stigma decurrent ; ovules 2 or more. Fruit a lax or dense elongate spike 
 of coriaceous dorsally dehiscing carpels. Seeds of Magnolia. — Distkib. 
 About 12 species ; temp, and trop. Mts. of India. 
 
 * Flowers terminal. 
 
 1. TH, Cathcartii, II. f. d- T. Fl. Ind. 79; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate, nerves hairy on both surfaces, perianth-segments 9. II. /. III. 
 Him. PI. t. 7. 
 
 Temperate forests of the Sikkim Uihalata, alt. 5-6000 ft. 
 
 A lotty tree ; young \)ranches densely silky. Leaves 4 by 1^ in., thin, subcoriaceous, 
 pale beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowtrs 1 in. diam., white. t<ej>ali nud petals oblong, 
 inner gradually smaller. Carpels sessile, densely imbricate ; raoliis 2-4 in. 
 
 ** Flowers axillary. Ovules 3 or more (see also 8, nilagirica). 
 
 2. Xtt. Chaxnpaca, L. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate tapering to a long point, 
 flowers yellow, segments of perianth 15-20, ovaries pubescent. DC Prodr. 
 i. 79; Wall. Cat. 969 [txcejit K); Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 656; W. d A. Prodr. 
 i. 6 ; Wight III. i. 13 ; Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. t.\, H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 79. 
 M. rufinervis, I)C. I.e. 79. M. Doldsopa, Ham. ex DC. I.e. ; Don Prodr. 226 ; 
 Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 3 ; Cat. 971. M. aurantiaca. Wall. Cat. 6492; PlanL 
 As. Par. t. 147. M. Rheedii, WigM III. i. 14, t. 6, f. 6. 
 
Michelia.] iii. magnoliaceje. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 43 
 
 Commonly cultivated, but wild in the forests of the Temperate Himalaya, from 
 Nipal eastward ; and in Pegu, Tenassekim, the Nilghiris and Travancor. — Distrib. 
 Java ( CJiampi). 
 
 A tall tree ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 8-10 by 2^-4 in., shining above, pale 
 and glabrous or puberulous beneath ; petiole l-l^ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., pale yellow 
 or orange, very fragrant; peduncle short; buds silky. Sepals oblong, acute. Petals 
 linear. Fruit 3-4 in., carpels subsessile. 
 
 3. in. excelsa, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 9 ; leaves oblong or oblong- 
 lanceolate acute silky-brown beneath, flowers white, segments ,of perianth 
 about 12, ovaries pubescent. Wall. Cat 6494; Wight III. i. 14; H.f. <k T. 
 Fl. hid. 80 ; Griff. Ic. iv. 655. Magnolia excelsa, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 2. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5000 ft., from Nipal to Bhotan, and in the Khasia hills, 
 A lofty tree ; young parts softly brown-hairy. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in., acute, glabrous 
 above; petiole 1 in. Flowers 4-5 in. diam.; buds 2 in,, silky-brown. Sepals obovate. 
 Petals gradually narrower. Fruit 5-8 in. ; carpels subsessile, rather distant. 
 
 4. TfL. lanug-inosa, Wall. Tent Fl. Nep. 8, t. 5 ; Cat. 6493 ; leaves ob- 
 long or lanceolate, glabrous above white and tomentose beneatfi, flowers 
 white, segments of perianth about 18, ovaries densely woolly. H.f. ds T. 
 Fl. bid. 80. M. velutina, DC. Prodr. i. 79. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, ait. 5-7000 ft., from Nipal to Bhotan, and in the Khasia 
 
 HILLS. 
 
 A small or large tree ; young parts densely white or grey-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 
 by 2-3^ in. ; petiole ^ in. Flowers 3-4 in. diam. ; buds 14 in. Sepals narrow- obovate, 
 obtuse. Inner petals narrower, acute. Fruit 4-5 in. ; carpels obovate, stalked, dis- 
 tant. — Wallich describes this as a tall tree flowering in spring. In Sikkim it forms a 
 large bush, flowering in autumn. 
 
 5. BZ. XLisopa, Ham. DC. Prodr. i. 79 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- 
 lanceolate glabrous, flowers pale yellow, segments of perianth about 12, 
 ovaries densely pubescent. Wall. Taut Fl. JSep. t. 4 ; Cat 970; Don Prodr. 
 226 \ H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 81. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-7000 ft., from Nipal to Kumaon. 
 
 A tall tree ; bark grey, young parts clothed with appressed grey pubescence, soon 
 glabrous. _ Leaves 5-6 by 1^-2 in., acute or acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces; 
 petiole 1 in. Flowers a_i in. diam. ; buds puberulous. Sepals narrow-obovate. Petals 
 scarcely narrower than the sepals. Fruit 3-4 in. ; carpels sessile. 
 
 *** Flowers axillary. Ovules 2, superposed, 
 
 6. M. oblong'a, TFa/^.Ca^. 972; leaves obovate-oblong glabrous glaucous 
 beneath, flow-ers white, segments of perianth about 12. H.f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 
 81 ; M. lactea, Wall. Cat 6491. 
 
 Forests of the Khasia hill^ and Assam. 
 
 A tree ; branches glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2| in., obtusely acuminate ; petiole 
 4-1 in. Flower-buds about 1 in., glabrous. Sepals 1^ in., narrow-obovate. Petals 
 lanceolate. Carpels sessile. — An imperfectly known species. 
 
 7. la, punduana, H.f. <& T. FL Ind. 81 ; leaves oblong abruptly acu- 
 minate glabrous, flowers white, segments of perianth about 9, ovaries 
 densely pubescent. Magnolia punduana, Wall. Cat 974. 
 
 Forests of the Khasia hills, alt. 3-5000 ft. 
 
 A tall tree; young parts brown-silky, soon glabrate. Leaves 4-6 by 2 in., base 
 acute or obtuse ; petiole |-| in. Flowers l|-2 in. diam. ; buds |-1 in., silky. Segments 
 of perianth obovate, outer obtuse, inner acute. Fruit 3-4 in. ; carpels sessile. 
 
44 111. MAGNOLIACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Michelia. 
 
 a M. nilagririca, Zenk Plant, hid. t. 20 ; leaves oblong, elliptic- or 
 obovate-lanceolate acute at both ends or tip mucronate glabrous or pu- 
 berulous only on the nerves beneath, flowers white, segments of perianth 
 9-12, ovules 2 or 4-5. Wight III. i. 14 ; Ic. t. 938 ; H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 82 ; 
 Thwaites Enum, 5. M. Pulneyensis, Wight III. i. 14, i. 5 {except figs. 5 and 6). 
 
 Higher mountains, alt. 5-6000 ft., of the Western Peninsula (var. 1) and of 
 Ceylon (var. 2). 
 
 A tall tree, or shrub at high elevations, yoang parts silky. Leaves 2-4 in. Flowers 
 3-4 in. diam. ; buds ^-1^ in., ovoid, pubescent. Ptrianth-segments obovate, inner 
 acute. Fruit 2-3 in. ; carpels sessile — There is some confusion in the descriptions of 
 the Ceylon and Nilghiri plants. Zenker describes M. nilagirica as 1-ovuled; Wight, 
 Qllnst.) rej)eats this, but (Icones) figures 2 ovules and describes 4. Wight further 
 describes (Illustr.) M. Walkeri as 2-ovuled, and ovdifoliu as 3 ovuletl, whilst under 
 glauca he makes no mention of the ovules. His M. Puheyends is figured with yellow 
 flowers, and 4 ovules, and may be M. Champaca. — The following varieties are possibly 
 species : — 
 
 Var. 1. WiGHTii; a tree, leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in. elliptic green below, segments of 
 perianth usually 12, ovules 4-5. — M. ovalifolia, Wight. III. i. 13. 
 
 Var. 2. Walkkki; leaves 2-3 by 1-1 j^ in. oblong or obovate-oblong glaucous below, 
 segments of perianth usually 9, ovules 2, superposed.— i/. Wallxri and M. glatica, 
 Wight lU. i. 13, 14. 
 
 7. SCRZZANDRA, Michaux. 
 
 Climbing glabrous shrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers unisexual, white, 
 yeUowor reddish, axillary, or in the axils of scales near the base of short 
 lateral leafy branches. JSepals and petals 9-12, imbricate in about 3 series. 
 (^ Starnem 5-15 or more, in a spiral aeries, filaments very .sliort, free or sub- 
 connate, often fleshy ; anthers tree or subiminersed in a fleshy head of con- 
 fluent filaments, cells small, remote. ? Ovaries many, densely imbricated ; 
 stigma sessile ; ovules 2. Fruit a slender spike of globose indehiscent flesliy 
 1-seeded carj)els. ^:>eecls 1-2, suspended, albumen fleshy, testa cru.staceous : 
 embryo minute.— Distrlb. U. States, mountains of temperate and tropical 
 India and Java ; species about 6. 
 
 * Filaments monadelpJwus hdow^free above. 
 
 1. S. grandiflora, //. f. d- T. ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate acu- 
 minate distantly toothed, flowers 1 in. diam., fruit (j-9 in., carpels scarlet 
 fusiform on a cylindric fleshy axis. Si)h3crostema grandiflorum. //./. d& 2\ 
 Fl. Ind. 84. Kadsura grandiflora, Wall. Tent. Fl. ^ep. t. 14 ; Cat. 4985 A, 
 in part. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Simla to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft. 
 
 A woody glabrous climber. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., rather fleshy, base acute, pale 
 beneath; petiole 1-1^ in. Flowers solitary, pinky-white, o<lorou8 ; pedicel 1-2 in. 
 Filaments cylindric above; anthers ovoid, conneclive thickened, cells lateral or sub- 
 extrorse. 
 
 2. S. elongrata, H. f. <k T. ; leaves ovate acute or acuminate minutely 
 cartilaginous-toothed, flowers \ in. diam., fruit 2-3 in., carpels on a slender 
 axis. tSphaerostema elongatum, Blume FL Jav. Schiz. t. 6; U.f.k T. FL 
 Ind. 85. S. grandiflorum. Wall. Cal. 4983, A in part d 0. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft.; Khasia hills. — 
 DisTRiB. Java. 
 
 A woody climber; branches slender. Leaves 3-4 by 1^-2 in., pale, or glaucous be- 
 neath ; petiole 4-1 in. Flowers fascicled or solitary, i-| in. diam., yellowish ; pedi- 
 
ScMzandra.] III. magnoliacejs. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 45 
 
 eels 1-1 4 in., slender. Stamens as in S. grandijlora. — Confounded witli S. grandiflora 
 by WalHcli (under 4985), but more slender, flowers smaller. The fruit is not so stalked 
 as in Blume's figure, but we believe this to be a variable character. 
 
 ** Anthers sessile in cavities of the fleshy head of filaments. 
 
 3. S. propinqua, H.f. & T. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate serrate-toothed, 
 flowers small, pedicels long, fruit 6 in. long, axis fleshy. Sphaerostema pro- 
 pinquum, Blume Fl. Jav. Schiz. 16; Wall. Cat. 4986; H.f. (h T. Fl. Ind. 
 85. Kaclsura propinqua, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep^ 15. 
 
 Himalaya, from Nipal to Kumaon, alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 A woody climber. Leaves 3-5 by 14 in.; base rounded or cuneate ; petiole \ in. 
 Flowers small, yellow or orange, solitary or fascicled ; buds \-^ in. diam. ; pedicels 
 4 in., bracteolate. Anthers slightly protruded. Carpels as in 8. grandijlora. 
 
 4. S. axillaris, H. /. & T. ; 'leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate 
 tapering to a fine point, entire or remotely toothed, flowers \\x\. diam., pedi- 
 cels very short bracteolate, fruit 1-2 in. long. Sphaerostema axillare, 
 Blume Fl. Jav. Schiz. t.Z;H.f& T. Fl. Ind. 86. 
 
 Khasia hills, alt. 4-5000 ft. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A slender climber. Leaves 3 by 1^-lf in., base cuneate or rounded; petiole 4 in. 
 Flowers dull scarlet, axillary ; bracteoles imbricating. Stamens as in S. ;pr(ypinqua. 
 Carpels small. 
 
 8. K.ADSUHA, Kaempfer. 
 
 Characters of ScMzandra, but ripe carpels arranged in a globose head, 
 ovuLes sometimes 4. — Disteib. temp, and subtrop. Asia; species about 7. 
 
 1. SL. Xlozburgrliiana, Am. inJard. Mag. Zool. d; Bot. ii. 546; leaves 
 ovate or oblong acute or acuminate, filaments connate in a column. H. f. 
 & T. Fl. hid. 83. Kadsura japonica, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 12; Cat. 4987 
 A, B {partly), not ofJussieu. Uvaria heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii 663. 
 
 SuBTKOPicAL Forests of Sikkim, Assam, Silhet, and the Khasia hills, ascending 
 to 5000 ft. _ • ^ 
 
 A stout rambling climber; bark very rough. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-3 in., fleshy ; petiole 
 ^ in. Flowers \ in. diam. ; pedi els §-1 in., stout, bracteolate to or below the middle. 
 Outer filaments short, iree above, inner wholly connate. Ovules 2. Fruit 1-2 in. 
 diam. Carpels many, as large as a bean, base cuneate, top rounded. 
 
 2. XL. Wig'litiana, Am. I.e. ii. 546 ; leaves broadly ovate acute or obtuse, 
 filaments free, ovules usually 4. H.f <k T. Fl. Ind. 84 ; Thwaites Enum. 5. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, Wight, and of Ceylon, alt. 2-3000 ft. 
 
 A woody climber. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., pale btneath, base cuneate. Flowers 4 in. 
 diam., pale, yellow-green ; pedicels 1-2 in., stout, with several bracteoles. Fruit like 
 K. Boxburghiana. 
 
 There is in Herb. Kew. an imperfect specimen of a Malacca Kadsura collected by 
 Griffith (see Notul. iv. 714, Ic. iv. t. 651, f. 1 & 2) ; it may be K. scandens, Blume, 
 distinguished by its mucronate fruit. 
 
 Order IV. ANONACE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs, often climbing and aromatic. Leaves alternate, exstipu- 
 late, simple, quite entire. Floivers 2- rarely 1-sexuaL Sepals 3, free or 
 connate, usually valvate. Petals 6, hypogynous, 2-seriate, or the inner 
 absent. Stamens muny, Turely definite, hypogy nous, closely packed on the 
 torus, filaments short or ; anthers aduate, ce.lls extrorse or sublateral, 
 
46 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 
 
 connective produced into an oblong dilated or truncate head. Ovaries 1 or 
 more, apocarpous, very rarely (Anoria) syncarpous with distinct stigmas, 
 style short or ; ovules 1 or more. Fy-uit of 1 or more sessile or stalked 
 1- or many-seeded usually indehiscent carpels. Seed^^ large ; testa crus- 
 taceous or coriaceous ; albumen dense, runiinate^often divided almost to the 
 axis into 4 series of horizontal plates f embryo small or minute, cotyledons 
 divaricating. — Distrib. Tropics of the Old World chiefly ; genera about 40 
 with 400 species, the determination of which is exceedingly difficult. 
 
 Tribe I. Uvarleae. Petals 2-seriate, one or both series imbricate in 
 'bud. iStamens many, close-packed ; their anther-cella concealed by the 
 overlapping connectives. Ovaries indefinite. 
 
 Flowers 1 -sexual ; ovules many ; torus conical 1. Stelechocarpus. 
 
 Flowers 2-8exual ; ovules many, rarely few ; torus almost flat 2. Uvaria. 
 
 Flowers l-2-8exual ; ovule solitary 3. Elipeia. 
 
 Tribe II. XJnoneeB. Petals valvate or open in bud, spreading in flower, 
 flat or concave at the base only, inner subsimilar or 0. Stamens many, 
 close-packed, their anther-cells concealed by the overlapping connectives. 
 Ovaries indefinite. 
 
 * Petals conniving at th^ concave base ami covering tJie stamens and ovaries* 
 
 Ovaries 1-3, many-ovuled ; peduncles not hooked .... 4. Cyathocalyx. 
 
 Ovaries many, 2ovuled; peduncles hooked 5. AktaHotrys. 
 
 Ovaries many ; ovules 4 or more ; peduncles straight ... 6. Drkhanantuus. 
 
 ** Petals Jlai ; spreading from the hose. 
 
 Eipe carj)el8 indehiscent. 
 
 Ovules many, 2 seriate ; petals lanceolate 7. Cananoa. 
 
 Ovules many, 2 seiiate ; petals broad-ovate 8. Cyathostemua. 
 
 Ovules 2-6, i-seriate on ihe ventral suture 9. Unona, 
 
 Ovules 1-2, basal or subbasal 10. Poi.yalthia. 
 
 Ripe carpels follicular 11. Anaxaoorka. 
 
 *** Inner petals valvate^ tip incurved. 
 
 12. POPOWIA. 
 
 Tbibe III. WitrephoreaB. Petals valvate in bud, outer spreading; 
 inner dissimilar, concave, connivent, arching over the stamens and pistih 
 IStamens many, close-packed, anther-ceils concealed by the overlapping con- 
 nectives. Ovaries indefinite. 
 
 * Inner petals not clawed. 
 
 Inner petals smaller than the outer 13. Oxymitra. 
 
 Inner petals much larger than the outer '. 14. PHJiANXHUS. 
 
 ** Inner j^etals clawed, usually smaller tluin the outer. 
 
 Ovules 1-2, near the base of the ovary 15. Goniothalamdb. 
 
 Ovules many 16. Mitrephoka. 
 
 Tribe IV. Xylopieae. Petals valvate in bud, thick and rigid, connivent, 
 inner similar but smaller, rarely 0. IStamens many, close-packed, anther- 
 cells concealed by the produced connectives. Ovaries indefinite. 
 
 Ovules solitary ; fruit fleshy, of many connate carpels . . . 16.* An(-)NA, 
 
 Ovules 2- 00 ; outer petals broad ; torus convex 17. Mei.odorum. 
 
 Ovules 2-00 ; outer petals narrow; torus flat or concave . . 18. XiJUuriA. 
 
IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) 47 
 
 Tribe V. XKEiliuseae. Petals imbricate or valvate in bud. Stamens often 
 definite, loosely imbricate, anther-cells not concealed by the overlapping 
 connectives. Ovaries solitary or indefinite. 
 
 * Ovaries indefinite. 
 
 Petals valvate, inner largest; ovules definite 19. Miliusa. 
 
 Petals valvate, inner largest ; ovules indefinite 20. Saccopetalum. j 
 
 Petals valvate, subequal; ovules 4-8 21. Alphonsea. 
 
 Petals valvate, inner shortest; ovules 2-4 22. Oeophea. 
 
 Petals imbricate, subequal ; ovules 2-8 23. Bocagea. 
 
 ** Ovaries solitary. 
 
 Outer petals valvate, inner imbricate 24. Kingstonta. 
 
 All the petals valvate 25. Lonchomera. 
 
 1. STEZiBCKOCARFXTS, Blume. 
 
 A tree. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers dioecious, fascicled, axillary or on the 
 old wood. Sepals 3, small, elliptic or orbicular, imbricate. Torus conical. 
 Stamens indefinite, connective dilated, truncate. Ovaries indefinite, ovoid ; 
 stigma sessile ; ovules 6 or more. Ripe carpels large, berried, globose, 4-6- 
 seeded.— DiSTRiB. Species 1 or 2, Malayan. 
 
 1. S. Burahol, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 48, t. 23 & 25 C ; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous. H.f. <h T. Fl. Ind. 95. 
 
 Singapore, Lohh. — Distiub. Java. 
 
 A tall tree; branches black, glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by l|-3 in., base acute; petiole 
 \ in. ^ flowers many, 1 in. diam. ; $ much smaller ; pedicels with scaly bracteoles, 
 of (? 1 in., slender, of ^ 2-3 in., stout, clavate bracteolate below the middle. We col- 
 lected a similar plant, but flowerless, near Chittagong. 
 
 2. VVAXIIA, Linn. 
 
 Scandent or sarmentose shrubs, usually stellately pubescent. Flowers 
 terminal or leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, cymose fascicled or solitary, yellow- 
 purple or brown. Sepals 3, often connate below, valvate. Petals 6, orbicular 
 oval or oblong, imbricate in 2 rows, sometimes connate at the base. Stamens^ 
 indefinite ; top of connective ovoid-oblong truncate or subfoliaceous. Torus 
 depressed, pubescent or tomentose. Ovaries indefinite, linear-oblong ; style 
 short, thick; ovvles many, 2-seriate, rarely few or 1-seriate. Ripe carpels 
 many, dry or berried, few or many-seeded. — Disteib. Many tropical Asiatic 
 and a few African species. 
 
 Sect. I. Outer stamens flat, subfoliaceous, often imperfect. 
 
 * Peduncles 1-2-flowered, leaf-opposed, rarely terminal (2-4-flowered in 
 3, dulcis and 7, Lobhiana). 
 
 a. Leaves below and buds appressed tomentose. 
 
 1. U. purpurea, Blume Bijd. 11; Fl. Jav. Anon. 13, t. 1 & 13^; 
 leaves cuneate- or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate cordate stellate 
 tomentose beneath, buds tomentose enclosed in 2 large bracts, carpels 
 oblong or cylindric mucronate tomentose, dorsally 2-keeled. Wall. Cat. 
 6485, excl. E <k O ; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 95. U. grandiflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 ii. 665 ; Wall. PL As. Rar. ii. t. 121 ; Wight dc Am. Prodr. 9. Unona gran- 
 diflora, DC. Prodr. i, 90. 
 
48 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoins.) [ Uvaria, 
 
 From Pegu, WaUich, to Singapore, Lohh, and Penano, Philltpg—DismnB. Eastward 
 to the Philippines. 
 
 Shrubby, sarmentose ; young parts stellately pubescent. Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in,, 
 tapering downwards from above the middle, young pubescent above, soon glabrous and 
 shining; nerves many, paral It- 1, close -set near the petiole, which is ^-^ in. Floicors 
 3-3 in. diam., rarely geminate, terminal or leaf-opposed, pur|)le, odorous ; bracts, orbi- 
 cular, deciduous ; peduncle 1-1 4 in. Sepals ovate, acute. Carpds many, stalked, sub- 
 torulose ; stalk 1-1 4 in. 
 
 2. XT. Bamiltonl, //./. <0 T. Fl. Tnd. 96; leaves oblong-obovate long 
 acuminate pubescent above tomentose beneath, buds toinentose, peduncle 
 1-bracteolate, carpels subglobose or broad ovoid tomentose not keeled. 
 Wall. Cat. 6485, E, 
 
 Forests of the Sikkim Terai, Behak near Monghir, and Assam, Hamilton. 
 
 Shrubby, sarmentose or scandent ; branches rough, tomentose Leaves 5-8 by 2-34 in., 
 tapering lo the rounded or conlate base ; petiole J-^ in. Floicert 2 in. diam., solitair 
 or geminate, leaf-opposed ; pedicel 1 in., tomentose. Sepali connate below, short, broad, 
 obtuse, mucronate. Petals broad-oval, densely tomentose on both surfaces. Carpels 
 many, f-1 in., transversely grooved when dry ; stalk 1 in. 
 
 3. U. dulclB, Dnnal Anon. 90, t. 13; leaves oval or oblong subacute 
 puberulous abi)ve woolly beneath, buds globose tomentose, peduncle with 
 several bracteoles about tlie middle short 1-4-flowered. DC. Prodr. i. 88 .; 
 ^J.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 98. U. Javana, Dunal I.e. 91 ; Blutne Fl. Jav. Amn.i.Z. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Muingay ; Texa».sekim, Brandls. 
 
 A large woody climber , young branches densely tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 1 4-24 in., 
 base rounded or subcordate, slightly repand ; petiole J-^ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., sub- 
 umbellate, greenish, odorous ; peduncle i-4 in., leaf-opposed, short, woody ; bracts 
 several; pedicels bracteolate about the middle. Petals oblung, subacute, tomentose on 
 both sides. — Allied to U. macrophylla. 
 
 4. U. sphenocarpa, //./. <(; T. Fl. Tnd. 99; leaves narrow-obovate or 
 cuneate-oblong, shining above stellate-toiuentose beneath, peduncle 1- 
 flowered, bracts orbicular scaly itnbricate, carpels obovute-cuneate sessile 
 warted. Thwaites Euum. 6 ; Btdd/nne Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. bO. 
 
 Forests of Ceylon, ascending to 15,000 ft. Walker, &c. 
 
 A large shrub, climbing? Leacet 3-5 by 1^-2^ in , shortly petioled, long-acnroinate, 
 base obtuse or retuse, above sparsely hairy, midrib tomentose. Floirers ^-J in. diam., 
 greenish-brown; peduncles 4 in., leaf-opposed. Petals broadly oblong, tomentose. 
 Caipels 1 in. diam., obovate-cuneate. 
 
 /3. LeaveSjhmh and carpels tuith loose spreading liairs. 
 
 5. U. hirsuta, Jack 3fal. .Wise, ex Hook Bot. 2fv<c. ii. 87 ; leaves oblong 
 with scattered hairs above and stellate hairs beneath, i)eduncle 1- rarely 
 2-iiowered, bracts large deciduous ba.sal, carpels long-stalked warted hairy. 
 —Blmne Fl. Jav. Anun. t. 5 • Wall. Cat. 645« {exd. C); ILf. <L' T. Fl. Ind, 
 99. U. trichomalla, Blunie I.e. 42 t. 18 ; lioxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 605. 
 
 Penakg, Jack; Singapore, Lohh. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java. 
 
 A woody sarmentose shrub; young branches softl\ hairy. Leaves 5-6 by 14-24 in., 
 base rounded or cordate ; petiole J in. Flowers I4 in. diam., red ; buds globose, hairy ; 
 peduncles 1 in,, terminal or lateral, softly hairy, articulate near the base; bract 4 in. 
 tSepals large, orbicular, connate. Petalu oblong, downy. Carpels 1-1 4 in., oblong or 
 ovate-oblong, beak obscurely keeled — "deep orange, rugose, densely stellate pilose," 
 Malngay mss. 
 
Uvaria.] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 49 
 
 y. Leaves glabrous, eoocept on the nerves. 
 
 6. U. bracteata, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 660 ; leaves oblong or obovate-ob- 
 long acute or shortly acuminate, peduncle l-2flowered, bract median leafy 
 petioled, carpels subsessile oblong obtuse young tomeiitose. Wall. Cat. 
 6468; H. f. (^ T. Fl. Ind. 100. U. Gomeziana, A, DC. Mem. Anon. 27; 
 Wall Cat. 6459. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, from Silhet, Roxburgh ; to Tenasserira, Wallich. 
 
 A large woody climber; young branches tomentose. Leaves 4-7 by l|-24 in., base 
 rounded, thin, (irm, glabrous except the midrib and nerves beneath ; petiole J-^ in., 
 tomentose. Flowers 4 in. diam., pale yellow ; peduncles ^ in., leaf-opposed ; bract ^in., 
 oblong or ovate. ^Sepals connate to the middle, pubescent. Carpels 1-2 in. 
 
 7. W. ZiObbiana, R. f. <i; T. Fl. Ind. 100 ; leaves oblong or obovate- 
 oblong obtuse acute or mucronate glabrous, peduncle 2-4-flowered, bract 
 small cordate amplexicaul at the fork, carpels obliquely ovoid long-stalked 
 tubercled. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay, and Singapore, Lolih. 
 
 A large woody climber; branchlets pubescent. Lenves 4-7 by l|-3 in., base 
 rounded or snbcordate, thin, coriaceous, midrib and under surface with sometimes a 
 few stellate hairs ; petiole {-^ in. Flowers 1 in. diam., purplish-brown ; buds globose; 
 peduncles terminal and leaf-opposed, pedicels bracteolate ; bracts and bracteoles abont 
 i in. Sepals connate for | their length into a wavy cup. Petals broad-oval, tomentose, 
 warted on both surfaces. Carpels 1 in., tomentose. — Near U. pti/chocalyx, Miq. 
 
 ** Peduncles 3-&-flowered, leaf-opposed. (See 3, didds and 7, Lohhiana.) 
 
 8. IT. macrophylla, Roxh. FL Ind. ii. 663 ; leaves oblong or obovate- 
 oblong abruptly acuminate, glabrous or stellate-pubescent beneath, peduncle 
 many-flowered, bracts small oval basal, carpels ovoid or oblong glabrous 
 sessile or stalked. Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 122 ; Cat. 6487 ; H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 
 97 : Beddome Ic PI. hid. Or. t. 81. U. cordata, Wall. Gat. 6486. Guatteria 
 cordata, Dunal Anon. 129, t. 30 ; DC. Prodr. i. 93. 
 
 Eastekn Bkngal, from Silhet to Ava and Sincapore ; South- Eastern districts of 
 Ceylon. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A large sarmentose shrub ; young parts tomentose. Leaves 6-1 2 by 3-6 in., base 
 cordate, nerves above tomentose; petiole ^-\ in. Floioers Igin. diam., reddish-brown; 
 peduncles 1 in., and bracts tomentose ; pedicels short ; bracteole supramedian. Petals 
 broad-oval, pubescent. Carpels 1-1 ^ in., berried, sometimes shorter than their stalk. 
 — 1 he Borneo and Philippine specimens formerly identified with this, we refer to U. 
 ovallfoUa, Blume. 
 
 9. U. semecarpifolia, II. f. <fc T. Fl. Ind. 97 ; leaves oblong or ob- 
 ovate-oblong obtuse or mucronate rarely acute very thick stellate-pubescent 
 beneath, peduncle 3-6-fiowered, bracts at the forks scaly, carpels shortly 
 stalked smooth \.Qim^\\iQ%^.—Tkwaites Enurn. 6 ; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 
 
 t. 82. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith ; tropical forests of Central and S. E. Ceylon. 
 
 A woody climber ; branches tomtntose. Leaves 6-10 by 24-4^ in., slightly cordate, 
 nerves above pubescent ; petiole J in. Floioers 1-1^ in. diam., greenish-brown ; pe- 
 duncles 4 in., leaf-opposed, tomentose. Petals broad-oval, hoary, Caipels'l in. diam., 
 subglobose. — Malacca specimens have more dibtant nerves than Cejlon ones. 
 
 10. U. ptychocalyx, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 4 ; leaves oblong 
 or obovate-oblong obtuse or abruptly acuminate stellately hairy beneath at 
 length glabrous, peduncle 2-3-flovvt;red with a large leafy bract at the base 
 
 VOL. L E 
 
60 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Uvaria. 
 
 of each pedicel and a bracteole under the calyx, carpels stalked subglobose 
 rough densely tomentose. 
 
 Forests of Pegu, MadeUand, &c. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java? 
 
 A woody climber ; bark dark-grey, rugged ; young parts densely tomentose. Leave$ 
 4-12 by 2-5 in., slightly cordate, midrib and nerves above tomentose ; petiole J-^ in. 
 Flowers 1 1 in. diam., dull red-purple ; pedicels ^-^ in. ; bract ^-1 in. long, ovate, tomen- 
 tose. Sepals connate halfway up into a densely tomentose cup, margins subplicate. 
 Petals fleshy, oval or obovate-oblong, obtuse, tubercular, pubescent. Carpels size of a 
 cherry ; stalk 1-1 ^ in. 
 
 *** Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. 
 
 11. TJ. subrepanda, Wall. Cat. 6483 ; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong 
 acute glabrous above pubescent beneath at length glabrous, peduncles 
 slender stellately pubescent bracteolate about the .middle and base. //. /. 
 (L^ T. Ft. Ind. 101. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich. 
 
 A shrub ; branches very slender, young parts pubescent. Leaves membranous, mid- 
 rib pubescent above. Feduncks 1 in. ; uracteoles concave. — A very imperfectly known 
 plant. 
 
 Sect. II. Stamens all cuneate ; connective truncate or capitate or hardly 
 produced beyond the cells. 
 
 * Flowers 1 inch or more in diameter. 
 
 12. U. macropoda, //. /. <£• T. Fl. Ind. 101 ; leaves .3-6 in. oblong or 
 lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous, bud.s tubercled beaked, carpels 
 oblong granulate S-quctrous very long stalked. TkwaUes Enum. 6 ; Bed- 
 dome Ic. FL Ind. Or. t. 79. 
 
 Forests in Central and Eastern Ceyi/>n, Walker, &c. 
 
 A large woody climber ; branchlets glabrous or with sparse stellate scales. Leaves 
 3-6 by 1 -2 in., shining above, pale beneath ; petiole \ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., nddish- 
 brown, terminal or leaf-opposed ; peduncle scurfy. Sepals granular, tomentose inside, 
 orbicular, mucronate. PttaU oWoug. Carpels 15-30, 1-2 in., berried, starlet; stalk 
 3-6 in., clavate. 
 
 13. U^. XiTarum, Wall. Cat. 6473; leaves 3-8 in. oblong-lanceolate or 
 narrow-oblong acute or shortly acuminate glabrous, buds globo.se stellate- 
 tomentose, carpels ovoid or oblong smooth slender-stalked. W. d: A. Prodr. 
 9 ; Wifjht III. 1, t. 6 ; H.f. l- T. Fl. Ind. 102; Tkwaites Enum. 6. Unona 
 Narum, Dunal Anon. 99 ; DC. Prodr. i. 89. 
 
 Forests of the Western Peninsula; Central province of Cevlon, ascending to 
 4000 ft. 
 
 A large woody climber ; branches glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 1 1-1 \ in., shining above ; 
 petiole \ in., glabrous. Flowers 1-1 4 in. diam., terminal or leaf ()p{)o^ed, solitary, red- 
 dish or dingy-green ; pedicels 1-1 ^ in., filiform, glabrous. Seju/U orbicular, subacute. 
 Petals sometimes 7-8. oval or oblong, connate below. Carpels 1 in., scarlet, subto- 
 rulose, glabrous ; stalk 1-2 in. 
 
 Var. 1. Eiivarum; leaves 3-6 in., more oblong-lanceolate. 
 
 Var. 2. macrpphylla ; leaves 6-9 in., lanceolate, carpels on longer thicker angular 
 Ptalks.— U. lurida, var. /3, H.f.d; T. Fl. Ind. 101; WaU. Cat. 6473; Dalz. dc Gibs. 
 Fl. Bombay, 3. 
 
 14. U. lurida, //•/. <& T. Fl. Ind. 101 {excl. var.^)\ leaves oblong or 
 oblong-lanccohite acute or acuminate, glabrous and shining on both suriuces, 
 buds globose ruugh glandular, fruit unknown. 
 
Uvaria.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 51 
 
 Northern slopes of the Khasia hills, alt. 2000 ft., R.f. & T. 
 
 A large wood)' climber; young parts with stellate scales. Leaves 3-8 by 1-24 '^^'i 
 base rounded or acute, paler beneath ; petiole ^ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., solitary or 
 geminate ; peduncles 1 in., stellately pubescent. J^eials broad-obovate, obtuse. — Pos- 
 sibly a state of U, Narum. 
 
 15. U. zeylanica, L. ; leaves lanceolate or oblong lanceolate acute or 
 acuminate thickly coriaceous quite glabrous, buds very small subglobose, 
 carpels subsessile ovoid or globose hoary. — Dunal Anon. 88; DC. Frodr. 
 i. 88 ; H.f. (L^ T. Fl. Ind. 102 ; Tliwaites Enum. 6 ; Beddome Ic. FL Ind. Or. 
 t. 78. U. coriacea, Vahl Symh. iii. 72. U- lutea, Wcdl. Cat. 6462 {not of 
 Roxb.). U. Heyneana, W. (h A. Frodr. 8 {not of Wall.). Guatteria Mala- 
 h8irica,*Danal Anon. 134. G. m'ontana, BC. Frodr. i. 94. 
 
 Malabar, Travancor, and Ceylon. 
 
 A large w^oody climber; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 24-34 by f-l|: in., base 
 acute, dark green and shining above, red or pale beneath ; petiole very short. Flowers 
 1 in. diam., bolitary or geminate, dull red ; peduncles 4 i^-, terminal or leaf-opposed, 
 tomentose; bracts several, scaly. PefaZs oblong, acute. Carj^els \'vsx. 
 
 16. "IT. pauciovulata, H. f. dh T. ; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse or 
 obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above paler and scaberulous beneath^ 
 
 Eubescent on the strong nerves, racemes terminal few-flowered, carpels glo-" 
 ose mammillate tomentose long-stalked. 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 A flexuous shrub ; branchlets bracts sepals and petals externally brown tomentose or 
 
 scurfy. Leaves 2-5 by 1-24 ^n., rigid, coi-iaceous, base rounded or cordate, nerves 
 
 petii)le 
 flowered ; bracts orbicular ; buds globuse. Sejiah J in., orbicular, connate to the middle. 
 
 many spreading; petiiJe ^V i^^- Flowers 14 in. diam.; peduncle short, stout, 1-3- 
 
 (Mter petals \^ in., orbicular-oblong, very coriaceous, glabrous within ; inner as long, 
 narrower. Torus flattish. Ovaries linear, wi'h stellate scales, base solid; style cylin- 
 dric, stigma obtuse ; ovules 1-3 superposed. Carpels 12-15, 3-4 ii^* diam., 1-2-seeded; 
 stalk 4-| in., slender. Seeds horizontal, compressed, testa shining. 
 
 ** Flowers small, \ inch or less in diameter, 
 
 17. U. micrantha, H.f. (& T. Fl. Ind. 103; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 obtusely acuminate glabrous coriaceous, petiole very short, buds globose 
 pubescent, carpels glabrous granulate. Guatteria micrantha, A. DC. Mem. 
 42 ; Wall. C«^.6449. Polyalthia fruticans, A. DC. Ic 42; Wall. C^at 6430. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; from Ava and Tenasserim, to Penang. 
 
 A large woody climber; young parts tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by |-1^ in., base acute, 
 midrib above and^ under surface when young slightly hairy. Flowers ^-4 in. diam., 
 white ; peduncles 1-3, 4 in., tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, orbicular. Sepals pubescent 
 oiitside, persistent, not much imbricated. Carpels 15-20, \-^ in., stalk as long. 
 
 18. U. sumatrana, H.f.&T.; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lan- 
 ceolate membranous long-acuminate tip obtuse or acute glabrous, petiole 
 very short, flowers minute fascicled. Anaxagorea sumatrana, Mio[. F'l. Ind. 
 Batt. Suppl. i. 382. 
 
 Andaman Islands, Kurz. 
 
 Branches slender, rough, young brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by |-14 in., base 
 rounded or subacute, midrib above tomentose; petiole very short, tomentose. Flowers 
 terminal or leaf-opposetl, tomentose ; bracteole submediau, small, orbicular, tomentose. 
 Sepals ovate, acute. Petals twice as long, bruadH)vate. 
 
 19. U. parviflora, H.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 103; leaves oblong usually acu- 
 minate membranous pellucid-dotted, petiole \-\ in.j buds minute globose, 
 peduncles 1-4- flowered with several bracts. 
 
 i:2 
 
52 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [ Uvaria. 
 
 Penang, Phillips. 
 
 A slender woody climber ; branchlets glabrous ; buds tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 
 14-2^ in., base acute, nerves reticulate. Flowers very minute; peduncle about 4 in., 
 leaf-opposed or nearly so ; bracts alternate; pedicels ^-4 in., puberulous ; bracteole 
 submedian, linear oblong. Sepals orbicular, pubescent. Petals ovate, acute. 
 
 U. SCI.EROCARPA, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 27; Wall. Cat. 6461, from Moulmein, is a 
 very doubtful plant, of which the flower is unknown and fruit immature. 
 
 3. EI1X.XFBXA, H. f. <k T. 
 
 Characters of Uvaria, but differing in the oblong style, solitary yentral 
 or subbasal ovule, and 1-seeded cari)els. — Distkib. Malayan Peninsula and 
 Archipelago; species 6 or 6— Reduced to Uvaria by Baillon. 
 
 1. E. cuneifolia, //./. <£• T. Fl. Ind. 104; leaves oblong or obovate- 
 oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous above tomentose beneath, flowers 
 in terminal panicles, carpels tomentose oblong obtuse. Hook. Ic.Fl. 1. 1025. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Branches woody, brown-ioiuentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., firm, coriaceous, base 
 roun'lid or subcordate, shining above except the tomentose miilrib ; petiole { in. Pe- 
 rfi'ceZ* 4 i"-j ^«^nsely tomentose ; bracts at each fork oblong or ovate; bracteole under 
 *the cal\x, orbicular. Flowers I4 in. diam., densely tomentose. Carpels 4-3 in., with 
 a lateral niucro ; stalk 1 in. 
 
 2. Xa. ferruglnea, H.f. <(- T. ; leaves oblong or obovate acute or obtuse 
 appressed pubescent above densely stellate tomentose beneath, flowers 
 solitary terminal or leaf-opposed, carpels stellate tomentose. Uvaria ferru- 
 ginea, Ham. ; H.f. & T. FL Ind. 96. 
 
 Forests of Ava at Meaday, Hamilton ; and Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 Scandont; branches slender, brown-tomcntose. Jjcaves 3-6 by 14-34 in.; petiole 
 J-^ in., brown-tonienlose. Floicers 1.}-14 i"- diam., grey pubescent; peduncle ^-4 in. ; 
 bracts submedian, oblong or lanceolate, deciduous. Sepals ^ in., broad-ovate, acute. 
 Petals I in., oval. Carpels many, shortly stalked. — M. Kurz sends detached Iruits, 
 from which the description is taken. 
 
 3. IS. g'labrSf //./. <i' T. ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acu- 
 minate quite coriaceous glabrous on both surfaces, cymes axillary 3-5- 
 flowered, carpels subglobose, stalk slender. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree; branchlets and inflorescence brown-pubescent. Ijeanes 4-5^ bj 14-2 in., 
 base rounded or acute, rigid above, hardly shining, beneath rather palt-r, veins strong 
 arched ; petiole \-\ in., glabrous. Fknoers U in. diam., cymes 1-1 4 in. ; peduncle very 
 short; peuicels longer ; bracteole oblong, 4-iUuiflexicanl, recurved. /SV/>a/j? ^ in., ovate- 
 lanceolate, acute, recurved. Petals tint, not clawed, outer 1 in. obovate-lanceolate, 
 subacute ; inner shorter, obovate, obtuse. Ovaries glabrous below, solid and strigose 
 above; ovule 1, erect (Maingay). Carpels | in., walls thin; stalk f-l^ in., slender. 
 Seed oblong, pale, girt with a deep longitudinal furrow. — Very ditl'erent in habit froui 
 its congeners. 
 
 4. S. nervosa, //./. d; T. ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong or 
 lanceolate tinely acuminate coriaceous glabrous pale, nerves beneath strong 
 oblique, flowers solitary extra-axillary polygamous, carpels glabrous stalk 
 stout. 
 
 Vi A L A cc A , Maivgny. 
 
 Branches stout. Leaves 6-10 by 2|-3 in., base acute, nerves very oblique, faint above ; 
 
UlUjyeia.] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 53 
 
 petiole 4 in., thickened, glabrous. Flowers | in. diara., silky-pubescent, solitary, leaf- 
 opposed ; peduncle short, stout ; bracts basal. Sepals broad-ovate, obtuse. Petals 
 spreading, imbricate (Maingay), outer obovate-oblonj?, obtuse; inner rather shorter, 
 oblong. Stamens in <J very many, in 9 few. Ovaries many, curved, top rounded. 
 Unripe carpels | in., narrow*ovoid, curved, narrowed at either end, fleshy. 
 
 4. CVATKOCAX.VX, Champion. 
 
 Trees. Leaves glabrous. Flowers fascicled terminal or leaf-opposed. 
 Sepals free or united into a 3-lobed cup. Petals 6, 2-seriate, valvate in bud, 
 subequal, bases concave conniving, blade flat spreading. >S'i^ame??s indefinite, 
 long-cuneate, truncate ; anther-cells linear, dorsal. varies so\ita,ry (or 2-3 
 in C. ? Maiiigayi), on a concave torus ; stigma large, peltate ; ovules many. 
 Eipe carpels berried. — Distrib. Tropical India ; species 3. 
 
 1. C. zeylanicus, Champ.; R. /. dh T. Fl. Ind. 127; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate acuminate, calj'-x truncate remotelj' ,3-toothed, carpel oblong or 
 subglobose. Thwaites Erium. 9 ; Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 47. 
 
 Central and southern provinces of Ceylon, Walker. 
 
 A tree ; branches glabrous ; bark dark, buds golden-pubescent. Leaves 6-10 by 
 2-3 in., base acute; petiole 4 in. Flowers 1-3, fascicled on a short woody peduncle, 
 pale green; pedicels \-l in. Petals 2^ by 1^ in., brown-pubescent. Carpets 2^ in. 
 diam., berried. Seeds compressed, 1 in., sides tranversely rugose, testa, redbrown, 
 bony. — We have removed the Mergui plant of Griffith (No. 1032) to the following. 
 
 2. C. martabanicus, H. f. <^ T. ; leaves ovate or oblong acuminate, 
 calyx acutely 3-lobed to the middle, carpel oval. 
 
 Forests of Pegu, Tenasserim and Martaban. 
 
 A tree ; branches smooth, glabrous, young puberulous. Leaves 6-8 by 2-4 in. ; 
 petiole 4 in. Flowers 1-3 together, leaf-opposed ; pedicels very short, pubescent. 
 Calyx pubescent. Petals |-1 in., inner shortest and narrowest. Carpel 3 by I5 in. 
 
 3. C. ? Maing-ayi, //./. & T. ; leaves glabrous broad-elliptic or elliptic- 
 oblong, tip \ in. abruptly caudate linear obtuse, buds subglobose silky, 
 carpels very large thick subglobose sessile. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; branchlets nearly glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3 .in., base obtuse or sub- 
 acute, nn^mbranous, beneath concolorous, nerves slender; petiole tV-^ in. Flowers 2 in. 
 diam., several on a short pubescent axillary bracteate peduncle. Sepals almost free, 
 ovate, acute, densely pubescent. Outer petals obovate, rusty pubescent ; inner rather 
 smaller and narrower. Connective not ^voXongQ^. Ovaries 2-'^ ; ovules 10, 2-seriate. 
 Carpels 2-34 ^7 H-3 in., subverrucose, pubescent, at length glabrous. Seeds many, 
 broad, flattened, imbricate in 2 series ; testa bony. — Referred to near Artabotrys and 
 Cananga by Maingay ; a very doubtful member of this genus. Petals valvate below, 
 imbricate above. 
 
 5. ARTABOTRVS, R Brown. 
 
 Sarraentose or scandent shrubs. Leaves shining. Flowers solitary or 
 fascicled, usually on woody usually booked recurved branches (peduncles). 
 Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, 2-seriate, bases concave connivent, limb spreading, 
 flat subterete or clavate. Stamens oblong or cuneate ; connective truncate or 
 produced ; anther-cells dorsal. Toriis flat or convex. Ovaries few or many ; 
 style oblong or columnar; ovules 2, erect, collateral. Bipe carpels berried. — 
 Distrib. Tropical Africa and Eastern Asia. 
 
54 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. &, Thoms.) 5" [Artabotrys, 
 
 * Limb ofpttals broad lanceolate or elliptic oblong. 
 
 1. A. odoratissimus, R. Br. in Bot. Reg. 423, not of Bhime ; leaves 
 oblong or lanceolate glabrous, petals glabrous when expanded, carpels gla- 
 brous. Wall. Cat. 6415 ; W. d; A. Prodr. 10 ; //./. <{• T. Fl. Ind. 128. A. 
 hamatus, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 60, t. 29, 31 C. Unonahamata, Dunal Anon. 
 106, t. 17 ; DC. Prodr. i 90. Uvaria odoratissima and hamata, Roxb. Fl. 
 Ind. ii. 666. 
 
 Southern parts of the Western Peniksdla, and in Ceylon; cultivated throughout 
 India. — Distkib. Java, S. China. 
 
 A glabrous shrub; branches long. Leaves 2-8 by 1-2 in. Flowers yelhw, solitary 
 or geminate. Petals 1-1 f in., nearly equal, young pubescent, especially at the base. 
 Carpels obovate-oblong, yellow, odorous. 
 
 2. A. Kurzli, Il.f.d' T. ; leaves obovate-oblong obtuse or obtusely 
 mucronate or elliptic and acute at both ends, glabrous except the pilose 
 nervt s and midrib, flowers on solitary slender (not hooked) peduncles, petals 
 grey-pubescent, carpels glabrous. 
 
 Forests of Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 Shrubby, sarmentose ; young parts brown-tomentose. Leaves 24-6 by lJ-24 in-, 
 shining above, pale below; petiole J in. FUnrers extra-axillary; pednncle 4 in., 
 strigose. Sepals 4 in., triangular, a<uminate. Petals about 14 in., limb oblong, sub- 
 acute or obtuse, grey-pubescent ; inner rather shorter. Carpels (unripe) many. — The 
 peduncles, which are not hooked in flower, may become so in fruit. 
 
 3. A. zeylanicoB, //. /. <C' T. Fl. Ind. 128 : leaves oblong or lanceolate 
 acute or obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncle leaf-opposed, sepals as broad 
 as long, petals tomentose, carpels tomentose. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 48. 
 
 Forests of Malabar, Canaka, Central'and Southern Cevlon. 
 
 A woody climber; branchlets pubenilous. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2^ in., petiole J in. 
 Flouers brown-tomontose ; pedicels ^ in., pubescent. Sepals puberulous, \ in. long. 
 Petals l|-li in., inner shorter and narrower; limb flat, lanceolate. Carpels broad 
 
 obovoid, mucronate. 
 
 4. A. crasslfoliuB, //./. <{r T. ; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse subacute 
 or obtusely mucronate, coriaceous glabrous or pilose beneath, petiole very 
 thick, peduncles reflexed woody, petals and carpels densely tomentose. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, from Martaban, Brandls, to Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 A large woody climber; branchlets tomentose. Ijcaves 6 by 24-3 in., base acute or 
 obtuse, lucid above, pale and strongly nerved beneath ; petiole 4 in., glabrous. Pedicels 
 \ in., brown-tomentose. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, and petals densely tomentose ; the 
 latter 14 by 14 in-, inner shorter and half the width. Ovaries sparingly hairy ; style 
 cylindric. Carpels many, 1| in., obovoid, very thick, glabrous, granulate; stalk 
 hardly any. 
 
 5. A. pleurocarpus, Maingay mss. ; leaves elliptic or oblong lanceo- 
 late or oblanceolate caudate-acuminate membranou.s glabrous, flowers fas- 
 cicled, peduncles falcate, petals subequal elliptic-oblong obtuse, ovaries gla- 
 brous, carpels pubescent broad elliptic. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A scandent shrub; branches slender, glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by l|-2 in., base acute, 
 
 ?ale, finely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves slender, spreading; jtctiole ^^ in. 
 ^eduvcles 4 in., densely pubescent. Sepals § in., broad-ovate, obtuse or subacute. 
 Petals flat, pubescent on both surfaces ; outer 1- 1 ^ in., inner rather smaller. Connective 
 apiculate. Ovaries many, slender. Carpels f in., mammillate, obscurely grooved, 
 narrowed into the short stout stalk. Seeds 2, testa stony. 
 
Arteihotri/s.] iV. anOnACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 65 
 
 ** Limb of outer or all the petals linear, narrow-oblong or subclavate. 
 
 6. A. speciosus, Kurz mss. in Hb. Ketv. ; leaves oblong obtusely acu- 
 minate thick rigid glabrous, peduncles flattened woody reflexed, outer petals 
 linear-lanceolate tapering from the base, inner much narrower, ovaries 
 glabrous. 
 
 Andaman Islands, Kurz. 
 
 Scandent ; bark grey, rugged, reticulate ; leaf-buds silky. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in., 
 shining above, dull beneath ; petiole J in. Flowers fascicled towards the end of the 
 pubescent peduncles. Sepals ^ in., ovate, acute or acuminate, thick, rigid, puberulous 
 outside, glabrous within. Outer petals 2 by | in., appressed pubescent, claw concave ; 
 inner much contracted above the orbicular concave claw, narrow'linear. Torus stri- 
 gose. Fruit unknown. 
 
 7. A. IHain^ayi, H. f. <& T. ; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends 
 glabrous tip caudate, petiole slender, peduncle falcate glabrous, outer 
 petals linear-oblong, inner rather smaller, ovaries glabrous, carpels sessile 
 glabrous. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches black, glabrous, slender. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-2 in., thin, concolorous and 
 finely reticulate on both surfaces. Flowers 1 in. diam., fascicled ; peduncle 4-14 in., 
 hoary-pubescent. Sepals ^^ in., obtuse. Outer petals \-\\ by 4-^ in., obtuse, concave ; 
 base small, suborbicular ; inner smaller and narrower. Ovaries 3-4, ovoid. Carpels 
 24 by 14 in., elliptic globose, mammillate, yellow, walls thick. Seeds 2, plano-convex, 
 testa stony. ^ 
 
 8. A. caudatus, Wall. Cat. 6417; leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusely 
 caudate-acuminate glabrous, peduncles short woody recurved many- 
 flowered, outer petals narrow-linear not contracted above the square claw. 
 H.f. (^ T. Fl. hid. 129. 
 
 Khasia Hills, Wallich. 
 
 A woody climber ; old branches glabrous, young pubescent. Jjeaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., 
 membranous, shining; petiole ^ in. Sepals short, acute. Petals I3 in., flattened, 
 tomentose ; inner similar, rather smaller. — Only known from Wallich's specimen in 
 Herb. Linn. Soc. 
 
 9. A. burxnanlcus, Alph. DC. Mem. 36 ; leaves oblong obtusely caudate- 
 acuminate softly pubescent beneath, peduncles woody usually 1-flowered 
 tomentose, limb of petals subulate 3-quetrous, carpels glabrate. Wall. Cat. 
 6428 \ U.f.<k T. Fl. Ind. 129. Ropalopetalum uniflorum, Griff. Notid. iv. 
 717. 
 
 AvA, Wallich; Tenasserim, Griffith. 
 
 A large woody climber; branches slender, young tomentose. Leaves 3-7 by 1-24 i^-i 
 membrtinous, glabrous above, except the midrib, nerves subhirsute beneath. Flowers 
 about 4 in. long ; peduncles obliquely leaf-opposed, old woody and hooked. Petals grey- 
 pubescent. Carpels f in. obovate-oblong. 
 
 10. A. suaveolens, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 62, t. 30, 31 D ; leaves ob- 
 long-lanceolate acuminate shining above glabrous on both surfaces or 
 sparsely hairy on the midrib beneath, peduncles woody recurved many- 
 flowered, flowers fascicled bracteolate, limb of petals cylindric or sub- 
 clavate, carpels sessile smooth. Wall. Cat. 6416; H.f. dt T. FL Ind. 129. 
 Unona suaveolens, Blume Bijd. 17. 
 
 From SiLHET to Malacca. — Distrib. Eastwards to the Philippines. 
 
 A large woody climber ; branches dark, striate, young silky. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1 1 in., 
 base acute, pale beneath ; petiole \ in. Flowers about 4 in. long, yellowish, odorous ; 
 bracts subulate, deciduous. Petals grey-pubescent. Carpels small, oblong. 
 
66 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Drepananthus. 
 
 6. D&EFANAMTKUS, Maingay mss. 
 
 Trees. Leaves large, pubescent beneath. Racemes short, fascicled on 
 woody truncal tubercles. ISepals 3, nearly free. Petals 6, valvate, 2-seriate, 
 subequal ; bases concave, connivent ; limb erect or spreading, broad or 
 narrow. Stamens many, cuneate, truncate ; anthers linear, cells lateral ; 
 connective not produced. Ovaries 4-12; stigma subsessile ; ovules 4 or 
 more, 2-seriate. Car2^els globose, several-seeded. 
 
 1. I>. pruniferus, Maingay mss.'; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate 
 rusty-pubescent beneath, sepals nearly equalling the petals, limb and base 
 of petals nearly equal, both broad obtuse. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; branches stout, woody, pubescent. Leaves 8-12 by 4-5 in., base obliquely 
 rounded or cordate, very coriiceous, opaque above, veins many, strong; petiole 4 i^'» 
 very stout. Flowers 1 in. diam., riistv tomentose peduncles 4-1 in-i stout, scarred, 
 pedicels f in., stout; bract oblong, median. 8e2)ah | in., broad-ovate, acute. Petals 
 constricted in the middle. Ovaries 8-12, silky; ovules many. Carpels 1^ in. diam., 
 sessile, pruinose. Seeds horizontal. 
 
 2. 2>. ramulifloruB, Maingay mss.; leaves oblong obtuse pubescent 
 beneath, sepals much shorter than the petals, limb of petals slender linear 
 much longer than their broad base. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves as in 0. prunifervs, but tip more obtuse, base less cordate. 
 Flowers ^ in. long; peduncles densely crowded, very short; pedicels y^ in., equalling 
 the broad ovate acute sepals, both rusty pubescent. Petals with a pale silky bahC, and 
 incurved grey terete obtuse limb, grooved on the inner face. Ovaries 6-10, pilose, 
 4-6-ovuIed. (^arpels (ripe ?) \ in., sessile, obtuse, densely eilky-tomentose ; wuUm 
 thick. 
 
 7. CANANGA, Eumph. 
 
 Tall trees. Leaves large. Flowers large, yellow, solitary or fascicled on 
 short axillary jjeduncles. Sepals 3, ovate or triangular, valvate. Ptkds 6, 
 2-seriate, subecjual or inner smaller, long, flat, valvate. Stamens linear, 
 anther-cells approximate extrorse; connective produced into a lanceolate 
 acute process (truncate in 3? m/)nosj>enua). Ovaries many; style oblong 
 (or 01) \ stigmas subcapitate;^ ovules numerous, 2-seriate. Uijte carpels 
 many, berried, stalked or sessile. Seeds many, testa crustaceous, pitted, 
 sending spinous processes into the albumen. — Distrib. All Malayan. — 
 Ileduced to Uncnia by Bail Ion (Hist. PI. i. 209), but besides the marked 
 characters of flowers and stamens, ovules and seeds, the habit is very dif- 
 ferent. Baillon also retains the name of Cananga for the American plants 
 erroneously referred by Aublet to liumph's (Jananga. 
 
 1. C. odorata, //./. <i; T. Fl. Ind. 130 ; leaves ovate-oblong finely acu- 
 minate puberulous beneath, petals 3 in. subequal narrow-linear, carpels 
 glabrous long-stalked. Uvaria odorata, Lamk III. t. 495, f. 1 ; lioxb. Fl. Ind. 
 ii. 661; Wall. Cat. 6457; W. & A. Prodr. S ; Blame Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 9; 
 Griff. Notid. iv. 712. U. farcta. Wall. Cat. 6iti(). U. axillaris, RoxIj. Fl. Ind. 
 ii. 667. Unona odorata and U. leptopetala, I) anal Anon. 108 and 114 ; DC. 
 Prodr. i. 90 and 91 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. t. 88. 
 
 AvA and Tenasserim, Wallich. — Distrib. Java, Philippines. Cultivated throughout 
 India and the tropics. 
 
IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 57 
 
 A tall tree ; trunk straight ; bark smooth, ashy ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by 
 2-3 in., most puberulous on tbe veins beneath, base rouniied, margins waved ; petiole 
 4 in. Flowers 3 in. long, usually 3-nate, drooping, yellow, odorous ; peduncles solitary 
 or several from old scars; pedicels 1 in., recurved, hoarj,with a few basal and a median 
 scaly bract. Petals ^ in., base broad, silky when young. Carpels about 12, 4-| in., 
 ovoid or obovoid, black, 6-12-seeded. 
 
 2. C. virgrata, H. f, dh T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate, 
 petiole and nerves beneath pubescent, inner petals much, smaller than the 
 outer, carpels sessile densely tomentose. Qnona virgata, Bl. Bijd. 14; Miguel 
 Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 42. Uvaria virgata, Bl. Fl. Jav. Anon. 43, t. 19 and 
 25 B. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A large tree ; branches rather slender, pale, ultimate puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 
 2-3^ in., base subacute, thin, pale, membranous, above hardly shining, midrib puberulous 
 and nerves faint, below coneolorous, midrib arching, nerves distinct ; petiole |-^ in., 
 pubescent. Flowers |-l in. diam., greenish-brown, 3-nate, axillary, tomentose. Sepals 
 \ in., ovate -lanceolate, acute. Petals subulate-lanceolate from a broad base ; inner flat 
 above, concave below with glabrous red ridges. Connective' o^ oui^r stamens truncate, 
 of inner with a long recurved beak. Ovaries 4-6, hirsute ; ovules many, 2-seriate ; 
 stigma sessile. Torus conic, truncate, hairy. Carpels 2-3 in., ovoid-oblong, top rounded, 
 walls very thick ; base contracted. Seeds many, horizontal, 2-seriate. 
 
 3. % C. monosperma, Hook.f. dh T. ; branchlets and leaves quite gla- 
 brous, leaves elliptic obtuse acute or obtusely acuminate, nerves many 
 slender nearly horizontal, petals pubescent, outer broad oblong, inner oblong- 
 lanceolate, carpels small glabrous mammillate short-stalked 1 -seeded. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; branches slender, pale ; branchlets and buds glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 
 I5-24 in., thin, coriaceous, base subacute, coneolorous, petiole j in. Flowers axil'ary, 
 f in. diara., solitary, cernuons ; peduncle \-^ in., glabrous, curved, bract basal. Sep'ils 
 broad-ovate, very small. Petals hoary, obtuse, inner as long but much narrower than 
 the outer. J. wi^er.* truncate. Jbrw* convex, hairy. Owaries very many, silky ; style 0; 
 ovules several, sub-2-seriate. Carpels ^ in., very obliquely globose, or broader than 
 long ; walls thin, stout. Seed a little compressed, shining, pitted. 
 
 a CVATXZOSTEl^IBIA, Griffith. 
 
 A ijhrub. ? Flowers subglobose in much-branched axillary pendulous cymes 
 from the old wood. Sepals 3, connate, hirsute. Petals 6, 2-seriate, short, 
 base fleshy, inner rather smaller, all valvate at the base, tips imbricate. 
 Torii^ flat, margin convex. Stamens many, linear ; anthers subintrorse, pro- 
 cess of connective oblique incurved. Ovaries many ; style cylindric, gla- 
 brous, notched; ovules many, 2-seriate. Bipe carpels turgid, many- 
 seeded. 
 
 1. C. viridiflorum, Grif. Notul. iv. 707 ; Ic. iv. t. 650 ; leaves obovate- 
 oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate or apiculate glabrous. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, Griffith; Penang, Maingay; North Andaman, Kurz. 
 
 Wood remarkable (Griffith Notul. I.e.), aromatic, pith small, wood cruciately 
 4-lobed. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3 in., base rounded or subacute, petiole ^^ in. Flowers 
 ^ in. diam.; cymes brown-tomentuse; bract subraedian, oblong. Sepals broader than 
 long. Petals acute, base contracted, of inner most so, tomentose, granular. Ovaries 
 densely tomentose. Carpels 1-1 4 in., oblong, smooth, glabrous; stalk as long, stout. — 
 KuFis's specimens have leaves only, but these and the wood agree with Griffith's. 
 
58 TV. ANONACE^. (Tlook. f. & Thorns.) [ Unana, 
 
 9. UNONA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing. Flowers often solitary, axillary 
 terminal or leaf-opposed. Sejmls 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate or open 
 fn aestivation, 2-seriate ; 3 inner sometimes absent. Torits Hat or slightly 
 concave. Stamens cuneate ; anther-cells linear, extrorse, top of connective 
 subglobose or truncate. Ovaries numerous ; style ovoid or oblong, recurved, 
 grooved ; ovules 2-8, l-seriate (rarely sub-2-seriate). Ripe carpels many, 
 usually elongate and constricted between the seeds. Seeds few or many. — 
 DiSTRiB. Tropical Asia and Africa ; species about 25. 
 
 Sect. I. Desmos, H.f. d; T. Petals 6. 
 * Flowers axillary. 
 
 1. U. elegrans, Thwaites Enum. 398 ; erect, leaves narrow oblong-lanceo- 
 late long-acuminate glabrous, glaucous beneaUh, petals glabrous (when 
 mature), carpels deeply constricted between the seeds. Beddonie Ic. PI. 
 hid. Or. t. 50. 
 
 Forests of Hinidoon, Pattoo, Ceyi.on, Thtoaites. 
 
 A much branched shrub or tree; branches nignse, slender; young golden Rilky. 
 Leaves 3-54 I'J 4~H '"• > petiole \ in. Peduncle \-^ in , 8len<ler; bracts 1-2, minute. 
 Sepals ^ in., ovate, acute, glabrous. Outer petals l]-lj in., oblong-lanceolate, acumi- 
 nate, pubescent when very young only ; inner narrower, shorter. 
 
 2. IT. zeylanioa, //./. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 132 ; erect, leaves narrowly oblong- 
 lanceolate acute or obtusely taper-pointed coriaceous glabrous, petals 
 glabrous, carpels constricted between the seeds. Thwaites Enum. 9 ; 
 Peddome Ic. PL hid. Or. t. 74. 
 
 Central province of Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft., Walker, &c. 
 
 A small glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft., bark grey, rutrged ; young buds pubescent. Leaves 
 5-8 by 1^-2 in., base acute; petiole ^ in. Flowers yellow-gnen, base red inside; 
 peduncles 1-3, h in., bracts minute, deci<luous, basal. tSepals small, oblong-lanceolate, 
 puberulous. Pctalt 14 by J in., coriaceous, lanceolate, inner shorter and narrower. 
 Carpels stalked; joints 1-4, ovoid. 
 
 3. U. Dunalil, Wall. Cat. 6425 ; climbing, leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate glabrous shining above glaucous beneath, petals glabrous, 
 carpels constricted between the seeds. II. /. d' T. Fl. hid. 131 {excl. t/ie 
 Concan jdant). 
 
 Forests of Chittaoono at Sitakund, H.f.d; T.; Penano, Wallich. 
 
 A large glabrous climber, bark spotted white. Leaves 3-4^ by ^2 in,, with scattered 
 hairs on the midrib beneath, base rounded cordate or acute ; petiole ^in. Flowers pale 
 yellow ; peduncle 2-flowered, pubescent ; bracts 2-3, basal, scaly. Sfpals ovale, acute. 
 Petals li in., lanceolate ; iniier shorter, narrower. Ovules 4-6. Carpels of 1-3 ovoid 
 joints. — The Concan specimens referred here in Fl. Ind. are referable to U. discolor 
 var. kevigata, having leaf-opposed peduncles. 
 
 4. IT. pannosa, halz. in Hook. Few Joiim. Bot. iii. 207 ; erect, leaves 
 ovate-lanceolate glabrous above pubescent beneath, petals tomentose, 
 carpels ovoid not constricted between the seeds. //. /. <Sc T. Fl. hid. 135 ; 
 Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 52, Uvaria mollis, Wall. Cat. 6475. 
 
 Forests of Concan, Dalzell ; and Tkavancor, Wight, &c. 
 
 A tree; young parts puberulous. Leaves 2^-4 by f-14 in., thin, pellucid-dotted, 
 base rounded or acute. Flowers brown-tomentose ; peduncles very short; bracts 1 or 
 more, scaly. Sepals ovate, acute. PetaU 1^2 in., lanceolate, inner narrower and 
 shorter. Ovules 2-4. Carpels | in., subsessile, obtuse at both ends, pubescent. Seed$ 
 1-3, large, shining. 
 
Unona.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 69 
 
 ** Flowers solitary/, extra-axillary^ terminal^ or leaf -opposed. 
 
 5. U. dumosa, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 670; climbing, leaves oblong or 
 obovate obtuse or acute glabrous above toraentose beneath, peduncle 
 1-flowered, sepals cordate, petals large obovate-spathulate, carpels con- 
 stricted between the seeds. Wall. Cat. 6429 ; //. / (^ T. Fl. Ind. 131. 
 
 Forests of Silhet, Roxburgh, &c. ; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A woody climber ; branchlcts brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2J in-, brown or 
 yellow beneath, thin, parallel -nerved, base, rounded or cordate ; petiole | in. Flowers 
 large, pendulous, yellow-green; peduncles 1-1 4 in., terminal or leaf-opposed, slender, 
 tomentose ; bract submedian, small, ovate, tonientose. Sepals 4 in- broad, acute, 
 nerved. Petals 3 by 1-1 4 in., broad-spathulate, nerved, inner rather smaller. Carpels 
 (according to Koxburgh) of 2-3 1-seeded joints. 
 
 6. IT. Desxnos, Dunal Anon. 112; shrubby, leaves oblong acute or 
 acuminate, glabrous above finely pubescent beneath, peduncle 1-flowered 
 slender, sepals ovate acuminate, petals 1 in. broad ovate-lanceolate, carpels 
 constricted between the seeds. H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 134; U. cochin- 
 chinensis, DC. Prodr. i. 91. U. pedunculosa, Alph. DC. Mem. 28; Wall. 
 Cat. 6422. U. fulva. Wall. Cat. 6427. 
 
 From Assam to Singapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Cochin-China. 
 
 A spreading shrub; branches slender, white-dotted, young golden-silky. Leaves 
 3-8 by 14-3 in., thickly coriaceous, midrib above slightly hairy, base rounded; petiole 
 I in., pubescent. Flowers large, pale yellow, odorous, pendulous ; peduncle 2-8 in., 
 usually 44 ^^- ^bove the axil; bracts submedian, linear-oblong, deciduous. Petals coria- 
 ceous, appressed, pubescent, nerved, outer 2^ by 1 in., inner shorter and narrower. 
 Ovules 4-6. Carpels stalked ; joints 1-6, glabrous, subglobose. 
 
 7. U. discolor, Vahl Symh. ii. 63, t. 36 ; shrubby, leaves oblong or 
 oblong-lanceolate acute glabrous above sometimes pubescent beneath, pe- 
 duncle 1-flowered slender, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals \ in. broad lanceo- 
 late from a broad base, carpels moniliform. DC. Prodr. i. 90; Wall. Cat. 
 6420 (partly) ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 669 ; W.d; A. Prodr. ^;H.f.&T. Fl. Ind. 
 133; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 51. U. cordifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 602? 
 U. Dunalii, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 131 (the Concan plant); Dalz. 4c Gibs, Fl. 
 £(jmb. 3 {not of Wallich). 
 
 Tropical forests from Sikkim, Assam, and Silhet, to Arracan and Malacca, 
 Orissa, and Concan. — Distrib. Malayan Archipelago (all the forms). 
 
 A spreading or sarmentose shrub; branches slender, leafy ; young pubescent, rough 
 with white tubercles. Leaves 2-8 by 1-24 ^n., shining above, glaucous beneath, base 
 jounded or subcordate ; petiole J in. Flowers yellow, odorous ; peduncles 1-2 in., leaf- 
 "bpposed or nearly so ; bract submedian, oblong or lanceolate, deciduous. Petals 2 in. 
 or more, silky pubescent or glabrate. Ovules 5-6. Carpels stalked, joints 1-6, fleshy. 
 
 Vae. 1. puhiflora; leaves 5-7 in., oblong acute base often cordate, flowers silky. 
 
 Var. 2. Icevigata; leaves 3-4 in., oblong or lanceolate acute base rounded, flowers 
 almost glabrous. — U. chinensis, DO Prodr. i. 90. U. undulata. Wall. PL As. Bar. iii. 
 t. 265. — Perhaps cultivated only in India, common in the Archipelago and China. 
 
 Var. 3. puhescens ; leaves as in a, but densely pubescent beneath. 
 
 Var. 4. latifoUa; leaves 3-5 by 2-24 in., broad-oval acute, flowers silky. 
 
 8. TT. Ziawll, Il.f. <fh T. Fl. Ind. 132 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute or 
 acuminate thin glabrous above pale and downy beneath, peduncle 1- 
 flowered slender, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals not \ in. broad narrow 
 from a broad base, carpels moniliform. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 73. 
 
 Malabar, WigJd; Concan, Law. 
 
 A woody climber ? ; branches slender, young softly pubescent. Leaves 2-44 ^7 
 f-1^ in., puberulous above when young only, base rounded or slightly cordate ; petiole 
 \ in., pubesceQt. Flowers solitary ; peduncle 1 in. leaf -opposed or nearly so, bract 
 
60 IV. ANONACE-s:. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Uiiona. 
 
 submedian, oblong, minute. Sejiols pubescent outside. Petals 2-3 in., very long and 
 narrow, base broad orbicular, appressed-pubescent, inner a little longer. Ovules 2-3. 
 Carpels short-stalked, joints 1-3, ovoid. 
 
 9. U. latifolla, II. f. & T. ; arboreous, leaves broad-oval or orbicular 
 obtuse or mucronate glabrous above softly grey-torn entose beneath, pe- 
 duncle very short, sepals connate at the base ovate acute, petals subequal 
 oblong acute contracted at the base. 
 
 Hill forests of the Saluen river, Martaban, BrandU. 
 
 A large tree ; branchlets grey-tomentose. Leaves 2-4 in., base truncate or subcor- 
 date ; nerves many, oblique, parallel ; petiole ^-\ in. Flowers appressed-silky, densely 
 fascicled ; peduncle with nsually a small subraedian oblong nerved deciduous bract. 
 ISepaU ^ in., striated. Petals \\ in. OvuUs 3-4. PVuit unknown. 
 
 10. IT. vlridlflora, Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. 34, t. 158 ; climbing, leaves 
 ovate-lanceolate acuminate appressed pubescent beneath, peduncle slender 
 with a cordate bract, sepals ovate free, petals narrow lanceolate. 
 
 Anamallay forests in Tuavancor, Beddome. 
 
 A gigantic climber; branchlets golden-pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 1^ in., mem- 
 branous, base rounded or cordate, above at length glabrous, whitish beneatl) ; petiole 
 \-^ in. Pedvnde axillary or supra-axillary, 1-2 in. ; bract pubescent, median, deci- 
 duous. Flowers 2^-3 in. long, bright green. SepaU f in., membranous, nerved. 
 Outer petals 2^-3 by 4-| in., inner rather shorter and narrower, all membranous, 
 nerved, reticulate, silky. — ^Described from Beddome I.e. 
 
 *** Flowers solitary at the base of a leafy shoot. 
 
 11. U. praeoox, //./. <k T.Fl. Ind. 136; arboreous, leaves broad lanceo- 
 late acuminate, flowers pendulous from a slender naked peduncle, sepals 
 linear-oblong acute, petals linear glabrous. 
 
 Miku hills in Upper Assam, Simons. 
 
 A tree ; branches slender. Leaves (very young and thin) 2-3 in., probably much 
 larger when mature. Flowers from the axils of fallen leaves ; peduncle 1 in. Sepah 
 I in. long. Petals 2\-'6 by ^ in. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2-3. — A remarkable species 
 of which we have seen but one specimen. 
 
 **** Flowers fascicled on woody abbreviated truncal shoots or tubercles. 
 
 12. U. stenopetala, //. /. (k T. Fl. Ind. 136; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 broadest above the middle acute or acuminate glabrous above pale beneath, 
 sepals subconnate below narrow-linear, petals subequal very narrow linear. 
 
 MouT.MEiN and Singapore, Lohh. 
 
 A tree; young branches rather pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-1 1 in., base oblique, 
 pubescent along the midrib beneath ; petiole ^^ in. Peduncles ^-^ in., with 1-2 small 
 basal scaly bracts. Sepals pubescent. Petals 2-3 by 4 i») puberiilous. Ovaries 
 4-7, villous ; ovules about 5. — The J avan habitat cited in Flora Indica is erroneous, 
 the species having been collected at Sincapore. 
 
 13. U. cauliflora, //. f <Sc T. Fl. Ind. 137 ; leaves lanceolate or linear- 
 oblong acute or long acuminate glabrous and shining above brown-pubescent 
 beneath, sepals ovate-lanceolate tomentuse, petals narrow linear. 
 
 Singapore, Lohh. 
 
 A tree? ; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 5-6 by li-lf, base rounded ; petiole y^ in. 
 and midrib tomentose. Pec?M»c/es J in., tomentose. Sepals ^m. Petals 2^ hy ^-%m., 
 dull red, inner rather narrower. Ovules 3 or 4. 
 
 14. U. pycnantha, II. f. & T.; branchlets softly pubescent, leaves 
 elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous above, 
 midrib puberulous beneath, sepals ovate, petals \ in. subequal linear obtuse, 
 bases ot inner concave. 
 
Unona.] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 61 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branchlets ratliei- stout, pubescence pale yellow-brnwn. Leaves 6-9 by 2 ^-3 J in., 
 firm, coriaceous-, pale-brown on both surfaces, base obtuse or rounded, beneath pale with 
 prominent lax arching veins ; petiole ^ in., pubescent. Flowers 4-f in. diam., tubercles 
 1-1 4 in. diam. ; peduncles \ in., and sepals brown pubescent ; bracts 0. /Sepals ^ in., 
 acute. Fttah 4-| iu., hoary silky outside, glabrate inside, base not dilated, flat ; inner 
 rather narrower, base concave. Torus columnar, flat-topped, glabrous. Ovules 2, super- 
 
 15. IT. crinita, H.f. (Ss T. ; branches densely tomentose, leaves oblong 
 elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong acuminate glabrous, midrib and 
 nerves pubescent beneath, sepals ovate lanceolate, petals 6 in. subequal 
 narrow strap-shaped, carpels globose velvety. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches shndtr; pubescence long, soft, spreading, rufous. Leaves 4-9 by 1^-2^ 
 in., membranous, pale, base 2-lobed, nerves very indistinct, puberulous chiefly on the pro 
 minunt nerves beneath ; petiole ySj- in , tomentose. Flowers in dense masses, crinite 
 from the numerous pendulous petals ; p-duncles ^-^ in., and sepals rusty tomentose ; 
 tubercle 1-2 in. diam. ; bract 0, or linear and infra-median. Sepals § in., spreading, 
 subulate from a broad ovate base. Petals | in. broad at the dilated base, flat and again 
 dilated and as broad about the middle, finely pubescent, 1 -nerved, acuminate; inner a 
 little shcirter and narrower. Tort/s clumnar, truncate. Ovaries strigoae ; ovules 3-5, 
 l-seriate ; stigma punctifonn. Carpels § in. diam., rufous; stalk very short. 
 
 16. U. desmantha, ff. f. <^ T. ; branchlets softly pubescent, leaves 
 ellii)tic-oblong or -lanceolate or oblanceolate acutely or obtusely acuminate 
 puberulous beneath, sepals ovaie, petals 1-1^ in. subequal linear obtuse, 
 carpels globose. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A small tree ; pubescence soft, pale yellow-brown. Leaves 3-7 by lJ-2 in., base 
 subacute, coiiaceous, opaque above, nerves obscure, beneath paler, nerves distinct 
 oblique; petiole ^ in, tomentose. Flowers 2^ in. diam., pale red, densely crowded; 
 tubercles 1-2 in. diam. ; peduncles f in., puberulous, bract 0. Sepals yV 'n., acute. 
 Pttals sparsely hoary, tapering to the tip, base not dilated ; inner rather narrower. 
 Stamevs, torus and ovaries nearly as in (J . pycnantha, but ovules 3-5, superposed. 
 Carpels \ in. diam., dark, glabrous ; stalk 1-1^ in. 
 
 Sect. II. Dasyxnaschalon. Petals 3 ; inner series wanting. 
 
 17. U. longriflora, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 668 ; shrubby, leaves lanceolate or 
 linear-oblong acute or acuminate glabrous glaucous beneath, petiole slender, 
 peduncles axillary 1-flowered, sepals small, petals 6 in. long cohering by 
 their margins. Wall. Cat. 6419 ; H.f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 134. 
 
 Forests of Assam, the Khasia hills below 3000 ft., and Chittagono. 
 
 A slender sparin^dy branched glabrous shrub or tree ; buds golden-silky. Leaves 
 6-15 by 2-4 in , pellucid dotted, base rounded or acute ; petiole ^-f in. Flowers elon- 
 gated, silky when young, soon glabrous; peduncles l-IO in.; bracts subbasal, linear, 
 minute, pubescent. Sepals rounded, mucronate. Petals 3, narrow-linear, ^ in. broad 
 at base, taper-pointed. Ovules 2-4. Carpels stalked, moniliform ; joints 1-4, ovoid or 
 oblong. 
 
 18. U. Dasymaschala, Plume Fl. Jav. Anon. 65, t. 27; shrubby, 
 leaves oblong acute or acuminate rarely obtuse glabrous above glaucous 
 beneath, petiole very short, peduncle axillary l-flow€red, sepals small silky, 
 petals 2-3 by \ in. linear from a broad base. — Alph. DC. Mem. Anon, 28; 
 
 Wall. Cat. 6421 \H.f.^ T. Fl. Ind. 135. 
 
 From AvA to Sincapore, Wallich^ &c. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java. 
 
 An erect or sarmentose shrub ; bark dark ; branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 
 
6*3 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Unona, 
 
 5-9 by 2-4 in., usually broadest above the middle, red-brown beneath ; petiole ^^ in. 
 7^/oi«er« pendulous; peduncles 1-2 in., slender, top subclavate ; bracts 1 or more, mi- 
 nute, basal. FetaU appressed-pubescent, young silky, keeled internally. Ovules 6-7. 
 Carpels moniliform, joints oblonfr. 
 
 V^VK. 1. Blumei; branches glabrous, leaves pale below glabrous or nearly so. — U. 
 Alphonsii, Wall. Cat. 6426. 
 
 Var. 2. Ji'uUichii; branches brown-tomentose, leaves glaucous and purple-tinged 
 helow.— Wall. Cat. 6241. 
 
 10. POZ.VAZ.TKZA, Blume. 
 
 Trees or shrubs; habit of Unona. Sepals 3, valvate or subimbricate. 
 Petals 6, 2-seriate, ovate or elongated, flat or the inner vaulted. Torus con- 
 vex. Stamens cuneate ; anther-cells extrorse, remote. Ovaries indefinite ; 
 style usually oblong ; ovules 1-2, basal and erect, or subbasal and ascending. 
 Bipe carpels 1-seeded, berried. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and (1 sp.) Aus- 
 tralia ; species about 3<). — Reduced to Unona by Bailloa (Hist, des Plantes, 
 212) probably with good reason. 
 
 Sect. I. Monoon, Miqud. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat. Ovuk 
 solitary, basal, erect. 
 
 a Flowers axillary or in the old leaf-axils or on woody tubercles. 
 * Petals linear. 
 
 1. P. long'lfolia, Benth. <(: II. /. Gen. PI. i. 25 ; branches glabrous, 
 leaves narrow lanceolate glabrous taper-pointed nndulate, floweVs sub- 
 umbelled, petals 4-1 in. long. Guatteria lon;;ifolia, Wall. Cat. (]442; W.d'A. 
 Prodr. 10; WiglU Ic. t. 1 ; U.f. <i' T. Fl. Ind. 139; Thwaites Fnum. 10. 
 Uvaria longifolia, Lam. ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 664. 
 
 Tanjohe, Wight ; drier parts of Ceylon. — Cultivated throughout the hotter parts of 
 India. 
 
 A lofty tree; branches slender. Leaves 5-8 by 1-2 in., membranous, base acute 
 rarely roimded, shining above, pellucid-doited ; petiole \-^ in. Ilowers numerf)U8, dense, 
 yellow-green ; peduncles ^ ui- or less, hoary ; pedicels 1-2 in., densely racemose, slender ; 
 bracts minute, linear, basal Petals narrow-linear. Carpels | in., ovoid, obtuse at both 
 ends; stalk 4 in., stout, glabrous. 
 
 2. P. bifaria, Benth. d' H. f. I.e.; young branches softly pubescent, 
 leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous above downy beneath, flowers solitary. 
 Guatteria bifaria, A. DC. Mem. 41 ; Wall. Cat. 6447 ; //./. & T. Fl. Ind. 139. 
 
 Pegu, Wallich. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 5 by 1^ in., base acute, pellucid-dotted ; petiole ^ in. Petals linear- 
 lanceolate. Carpels ovoid, long-stalked. — Wallich's solitary specimen is in Herb. Linn. 
 Soc. and is flowerless. A. I)e Candolle describes it as differing from P. cerasoides only 
 in the linear petals. We suspect it to be a mixture of the flower of P. siiniarum with 
 the foliage of P. cerasoides. 
 
 3. P. coflfeoldes, Benth. d: II. f. I.e. ; branches glabrous, leaves lanceo- 
 late or oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed undulate glabrous, flowers solitary, 
 petals 1-1 ^ in. Beddc/me Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 53. Guatteria coffeoides, 
 Thwaites Fnum. 10; H.f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 141. 
 
 Forests of the VVvnaad, Bcddome ; and Ceyi.on, Thwaites. 
 
 A tree; branches spreading. Leaves 4-7 by 1-24 ^n-> niembranous, pellucid-dotted ; 
 petiole I in. i'^/y^^vrsgreen^^h-yellow, rarely on woody tubercles of the trunk ; jn-duncles 
 4-1 4 i"-, downy, articulate at the base. /Sepals suborbicular. Petals broadly linear- 
 
Polyalthia.] IV. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 63 
 
 lanceolate, glabrous. Carpels nearly 1 in., ovoid, glabrous, dark purple ; stalk tbeir 
 own length. 
 
 4. P. fragrans, 
 
 ovate-oblong or 
 
 cles few- or raany- 
 
 Guatteria fragrans, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 206 ; H.f.<k T. Fl 
 
 hid. 142. 
 
 Forests of Malabar, Wight ; South Concan, Law, &c. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-9 by 2-5 in. ^membranous, lateral nerves many oblique close-set 
 and parallel ; petiole ^-| in. Flowers fragrant ; peduncles in the axils of fallen leaves 
 or on woody ramal tubercles, cymose, usually many-flowered, tomentose ; pedicels 1 in. 
 slender ; bract orbicular, infra-median. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals linear, hoary. 
 Carpels 1^ in., broad-ovoid, hoary, walls thin brittle; stalk as long.— There are in Hb. 
 Wight, detached petals apparently of this species upwards of 2 in. long. 
 
 5. P. simiarum, Benth. dh H.f.l.c; branches glabrous, leaves ovate- 
 oblong or oblong, lanceolate quite glabrous, flowers fascicled, inner petals 
 1-liin. Guatteria simiarum, Ham.; Wall. Cat. 6440 \ H.f. <Sc T. Fl. Ind. 
 142. G. fasciculata. Wall. mss. Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 16. 
 
 Forests of Assam, Silhet, Pegu, and Martaban, Hamilton, Wallich, &c. 
 
 A tree ; buds puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-5 in., membranous ; lateral nerves close, 
 parallel ; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers in the old axils or on woody tubercles ; peduncles 
 1 in., sleniler, hoary, naked above ; bracts 1-2, scaly, basal. Sepals very short, orbi- 
 cular. Petals linear, puberulous, glabrous within, outer \ shorter than the inner. 
 Carpels 1| in., ovoid, fleshy, glabrous, orange ; stalk as long. 
 
 6. P. hypoleuca, H.f. dh T. ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic- 
 lanceolate obtusely acuminate, shining above white beneath, flowers S(jlitary 
 or fascicled, sepals obsolete, petals subequal \ in. narrowly linear-oblong 
 obtuse. 
 
 Singapore, Maingny. — Distrib. Borneo ? 
 ^ Branches pale, youngest puberulous. Leaves 2^-6 by 1-1 f in., base acute, thick, 
 rigid, pale and nerveless above, midrib beneath puberulous, nerves many obscure sub- 
 horizontal ; petiole tV~6' "i- Floivers small, axillary, suberect ; peduncle ^^ in., stout; 
 bi-acts 2, basal, cucullate. Sepals forming an inconspicuous disk. Petals hoary on 
 both surfaces, base concave, nut dilated. Torus conical. Ovaries about 6, pubescent. 
 Carpels | in., elliptic- oblong, top rounded, glabrous, shining, walls thiii ; stalk short, 
 slender. Seed grooved and pitted. Other (imperfect?) cari)els are mammillate with 
 longer thicker stalks and contain a stony pitted nucleus, connected with the walls by 
 stout fibres. Very near U. hypoglauca, Miq., of Sumatra, but carpels elliptic-oblong 
 and twice as long. 
 
 ** Petals ovate or ovate-lanceolate or elliptic. 
 
 7. P. acuminata, Thwaites Eniim. 399 ; young branches brown-tomen- 
 tose, leaves elliptic- or obovate-oblong abruptly taper-pointed glabrous 
 above midrib and veins pubescent beneath, flowers 1-3 on woody tubercles, 
 petals 2 by 1 in., thick. Beddome Lc. PI. Ind. Or. t. 57. 
 
 Near Eatnapcora in Ceylon, Thwaites. 
 
 A tree; bark silver-grey. Leaves 6-12 by 2J-3 in., shining above, pale beneath; 
 nerves strong, parallel; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., greeni.sh-yellow; 
 pedicels 1 in., stout ; bract submedian, densely tomentose. Petals 2 by I in., broad- 
 lanceolate, thickly coriaceous, pubescent, stiongly nerved when dry. Carpels often as 
 large as a cherry ; broad-ovoid, tomentose ; stalk as long. 
 
 8. P. cerasoides, Benth. dh H. f. I.e. ; young branches tomentose, 
 leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above softly pu- 
 
64 IV. ANOXACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Polyalthia. 
 
 bescent beneath, peduncles on axillary tubercles 1-3-flowered, petals \ in. 
 Uvaria cerasoides, Boxh. Coi-om. Ft. i. t. 33 ; Fl. bid. ii. 666. Guatteria 
 cerasoides, Dun. Mem. Anon. 127 ; DC. Prodr. i. 93 ; Wall. Cat. 6436 ; //. f. 
 iSc T. Fl. Ind. 139 ; Dalz. <fc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 3. 
 
 Dry forests on Eastern exposures, from Behar to Travancor, Ilamilton, WlgJit, &c. 
 
 A tree ; bark light-grey ; branches glabrous with age. Leaves 3-8 by 1-2 in., meni- 
 branoHs, base acute or rounded, dark green above. Peduncles ^^ in., woody ; pedicels 
 4-1 in., slender, with a few basal imbncating scales, and soin'tinies 2-3 oblong or ovate 
 bracts \-l in. long. Petah ovate-ollong, diily green, thickly coriaceous. Cat-pels size 
 of a small cherry, dark-red ; stalk 1 in. 
 
 9. P. ILorinti, Benth. d' U.f. he; young branches glabrous or sub- 
 pilose, leaves variable ovate to elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate coriaceous 
 glabrous, flowers axillary solitary, inner petals ^in. oval. Guatteria Korinti, 
 Jhinal; DC. Prodr. I 94 ; \V. l' A. Proth. 10 ; WigU Ic. t. 398 \ H.f.dc T, 
 Fl. Did. 141. G. acutiflora, Wqill. Cat. 6438 excl D. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from Vizagapatam, Cleyhom, Bouthwards; warmer parts of 
 Ceylon, very common. 
 
 A spreading shrub; bark grey. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., firmly coriaceous, pellucid- 
 dotted, shining above, glabrous or sparsely pilose on the midrib beneath, strongly reti- 
 culate ; petiole J in. Peduncles 1-2 in., .strigose, bract snbmedian. Petals thickly 
 coriaceous, inner rather the longest. Carpels \ in., subglobose. 
 
 10. P. Jenkingii, Benth. <fh H.f. I.e. ; young shoots brown-tomentose, 
 leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous, flowers axillary solitary rarely geminate, 
 outer petals If by \ in. Guatteria Jenkinsii, II. f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 141. 
 
 Forests of Assam ^ Silhet; Eastern Peninbula; Andamans, Kurz. — Distrib. 
 Sumatra. 
 
 A tree ; branches spreading, glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by 14-24 in., firm, shining above, 
 pale beneath, base rounded acute or oblique; petiole ^ in. Flowers large, spreading: 
 pedicels 4-1 in, erect, bracts 2-3, scaly, basal, and a mosian and an apical one which 
 are oval and deciduous. Ptialx broad- lanceolate, narrowed to a flaw, thinly coriaceous, 
 inner Bhorter and narrower. Carpels \ in., oblong, glabrous ; stalk as long. — Nearly 
 allied to Monoon canaiujioides, Miq. 
 
 11. P. nitida, Beidh. d' II. f. I.e. ; young branches puberulous, leaves 
 oblong or lanceolate glabrous obtuse or acute, bracts 2-Jinii)lexicaul, sepals 
 connate to the middle, petals 1 in. long. Guatteria nitidi, A. DC. Mem. 41 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 6439 ; //./. d' T. Fl. Ind. 143. 
 
 Tavoy, WaUich; Sincapohe, Lobb. 
 
 A tree ; bark grey, rugged, dotted with white lenticels. Leaves 8-12 by 3-5 in., 
 thinly coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, nerves strong, oblique ; petiole ^-4 in. 
 Flowers axillary; pedict^l 1 in., bracts 1-2, oval, submedian. Sepals 4 ia., orbicular, 
 pubescent. Pttals oval, thickly coriaceou.-*, tonientose, inner a little shorter. Carpels 
 large, subglobose, stalked. — Flotctr described from the Sincapore specimen, the fruit 
 from Tavoy an. 
 
 12. P. mag'noliaBflora, Maingay ms^. ; branchlets rtisty-tomentose, 
 leaves large narrow obovate-oblong obtuse or acuminate glabrous except 
 the midrib above membranous, base cordate, bracts ^-amplexicaul, sepaJs 
 connate to the middle, outer petals elliptic. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree; branches stout. Leaves 10-13 by 3-5 in., opaque above, beneath paler, 
 nerves strong many arched; petiole ^ in., stout. Flowers large, greenish-white; 
 peduncle short stout curved ; bracts broad-ovate acnte. Sepals silky tonientose. 
 Outer petals fleshy, concave, hairy, tips imbricate; inner 2-2^ in., oblong, constricted 
 
Polyalthia.] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 65 
 
 in the middle. Torus glabrous. Ovariefi hirsute, Carpefo (unripe) \\ in., ovoid or 
 oblong, gibbous, pubescent, beaked ; stalk stout. — k magnificent species, referred to a 
 new genus in Maingay's mss. Colour, odour, &C. of flower like a Magnolia. 
 
 p. Flowers extra-axillary on the terminal branchlets, or on small truncal 
 tubercles. 
 
 13. P. big-landulosa, Benth. & H.f. I.e.; young branches silky, leaves 
 elliptic or oblong acute or acuminate glabrous above appressed pubescent 
 beneath, basal margins recurved and glandular, peduncle solitary leaf- 
 opposerl. — Guatteria biglandulosa. Blame Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 51 ; H,f.<Sc T. 
 Fl. Ind. 143. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith^ &c. — Distrib. Sumatra and Malay Archipelago. 
 
 A scandent shrub. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-3 in., shining above, glaucous beneath, base 
 subacute ; nerves 7 on each side, strong, curved'; rather distant, parallel ; petiole 4 in. 
 Flowers unknown. Carpels 1 in., oblong, mucronate, dark purple, subglabrous ; stalk 
 a little longer. — Griffith's specimens correspond to Blume's description and to Miquel's 
 var. a. Carpels 1 -seeded according to Miquel. 
 
 14. P, suberosa, Benth. <jc H.f. I.e. ; young branches pubescent, leaves 
 oblong obtuse glabrous above puberulous beneath, peduncles 1-2 on a short 
 woody extra-axillary tubercle, petals ^ in. long. — Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 
 t. 56. Uvaria suberosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 34 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 567. Guatteria 
 suberosa, DC Prodr. I 93; Wall. Cat. 6437 ; W. dh A. Prodr. 10; H. f. 
 <ic T.Fl. Ind, 140. 
 
 Forests of Bengal, the Western Peninsula, Tenasserim, and Ceylon. — Distrib. 
 Java? Philippines (this or a closely allied species), 
 
 A small tree or shrub; bark corky, rugged, grey; young branches slender, often 
 spotted white. Leaves 2^-5 by 1-1 1 in., usually obtuse at both ends, or base sub- 
 oblique, thin, glabrous beneath in age ; petiole ^^ in. Peduncles \-l in., solitary, rarely 
 geminate, pubescent, bracts inframedian. Sepals small, pubescent. Petals 4 in., oval, 
 silky outside, rel-brown, outer shorter. Carpels pisiform, young silky, ripe glabrous ; 
 stalk their own length. 
 
 ^ 15. P. sclerophylla, ff. f. <& T. ; glabrous, leaves oblong or ovate or 
 linear-oblong obtusely acuminate rigid reticulate and shining on both sur- 
 faces, peduncles fascicled on small truncal tubercles, sepals ovate, petals 
 linear-oblong obtuse inner rather smaller. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 1^-2 1 in,, base rounded or acute, nerves conspicuous and 
 midrib quite glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole 4 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., greenish ; 
 tubercles 4-1 in. diam., globose; peduncles 1-1 4 in., stout, rusty-pubescent; bracts 
 small median, orbicular. Sepals short obtuse. Petals 1 4 in., base shghtly concave, 
 puberulous on both surfaces. Torus broad, flat, border raised. Ovaries pilose, shorter 
 than the cyhndric style. Carpels 1-1 4 in., elliptic oblong, obtuse at both ends, walls 
 thin, smooth ; stalk as long, slender. Seed oblong, testa fibrous shining pale. 
 
 Sect, II. Eupolyalthia, Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat. Ovules 
 2, superposed, subbasal, ascending. 
 
 * Flowers extra-axillary, often leaf-opposed. 
 
 16, P. cinnamomea, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 138 ; young branches brown 
 tomentose, leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate glabrous above, young pubes- 
 cent beneath, peduncles solitary or geminate, petals f in. oblong acute. 
 Guatteria cinnamomea a7Ld G. multinervis, Wall. Cat. 6444 and 6445. 
 
 VOL. I. F 
 
66 IV. ANONACE-E. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Polyaiihia, 
 
 Penang and Singapore, Wallicli. 
 
 A tree; bark grey, rugged. Leaves 6-10 bj 2-34 i"-» tapering downwards from the 
 middle or above it, base obtuse or subcordate ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles \-\ in., extra- 
 axillarj, brown tomentose ; bracts scaly, basal. Sepals small, ovate, acute. Petals 
 thick, silky outside. Carpels 1 in. diam., globose, short stalked, densely brown- 
 tomentose. 
 
 17. P. nCoonii, Thwaites Enum. 9 ; voung branches pubescent, leaves 
 subsessile lanceolate long acuminate glabrous above puberulous beneath, 
 peduncles solitary slender glabrous, petals small inner suborbicular. Bed- 
 dome I c. PI. hid. Or. t. 83 
 
 At Caltura and Regiara Cnrle in Ceylon, Thwaites. 
 
 A shrub, 8-10 ft. ; branches slender. Leaves 2-6 by J-2 in., tapering to the ob- 
 liquely rounded base, thin, midrib pubescent beneath ; petiole not y^^ in. Floicers red, 
 ^ in. diam. ; pedicels 1-1^ in., olten leaf-opposed, nearly glabrous; bracts 3, minute, 
 glabrous. Sepals small, ovate, acuminate. Outer petals acute; inner larger, sub- 
 orbicular, obtuse. Carpels pisiform or oblong, reddish, short-stalked, 1-2-seeded. 
 
 18. P. rufescens, //. /. d: T. ; young branches densely tomentose, 
 leaves subsessile narrDW-oblong acute or acuminate, base obliquely cordate 
 glabrous except on the midrib beneath, peduncles solitary stout tomentose, 
 petals \ in. ovate-oblong. 
 
 Cochin in Malabar, Wight. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-7 by 1-1 1 in., shining above, pale below; petiole glabrous. 
 Flowers \-\ in. diam., brown- tomentose ; peduncles 4-1 in., often leaf-opposed, jointed 
 and minutely bracteati* at the base. Sipalt small, broadly ovate, acute. Petals oblong, 
 subacute, thick, outer twice? as big as the inuer. Ovaries densely silky. 
 
 19. P. persicaBfolia, Benth. & H. f. I.e. ; young branches pubescent; 
 leaves subsessile lanceolate taper-pointed glabrous above puberulous beneath, 
 peduncles solitary or fascicled pubescent, petals \-\ in. long. Beddom^ 
 Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 55. Guatteria persicsufolia, U.f. d; T. Fl. Ind. 140. 
 
 Ceylon, near Galle, Champion. 
 
 A shrub. Leaves 2-4 by ^-11 in., firm, coriaceous, base slightly oblique, pale be- 
 neath; nerves inconspicuous; petiole hardly y, in. Peduncle vi;ry short, woody, extra- 
 axillary, 2-3-flowerea ; pedicels \-^ in. Sepals ovate, acute, sub.strigose. Pttals sub- 
 orbicular, thickly coriaceous, appressed-pubescent, inner much the. largest. Carpels 
 about 10, pif-iform, granulate, puberulous; stalk very short; torus small. 
 
 20. P. xnacropliylla, //. f. d; T. ; young branches tomentose, leaves 
 lanceolate taper-pointed rigid glabrous and shining above softly pubescent 
 beneath, flowers solitary subsessile. Guatteria macrophylla, Blame Bijd, 
 19 ; Fl. Jav. Anon. 96. G. brevipetala, Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. /Suppl. i. 381. 
 
 MouLMEiN, Falconer; Andamaks, Kvrz. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., thickly coriaceous, almost silvery beneath with sub- 
 stellate pubcKceuce; nerves distant, prominent, anhed, looping within the margin; 
 petiole \-^ in., tomentose. Peduncles yj in., generally 4 in. above the leaf axil; bracts 
 strigose. /Sepals ovate, acute, strigose. Petals ^ in., oblong, acute, strigose, glabrous 
 inside ; inner rather larger, very concave. Torus conical. Fruit unknown. — The two 
 flowers we have examined are male. Miquel describes his as bisexual; Blume does 
 not say which ; so this character is possibly not constant. 
 
 ** Flowers axillary or in the axils of old leaves. 
 
 21. P. cauliflora, //./. cb T. Fl. Ind. 138 ; branches glabrous, leaves 
 lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous above, nerves and midrib beneath 
 downy, flowers 2-3-fascicled in tiie old axils, peduncles slender downy, 
 petals 1 in. linear. Uvaria cauliflora, Wall. Cat. 6476. 
 
Polf/althia.] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 67 
 
 Singapore, WalUch. 
 
 A much branched tree; buds tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 1-1 f in., narrowed to the 
 subobtuse base, nerves reticulate; petiole |-J in. Peduncles 1^-2 in., filiform, downy ; 
 bracts basal. Sepals ovate, subacute, app-ressed pubescent. Petals of equal length ; 
 coarsely villous, outer rather broader. Torus cyliadric, truncate. Ovaries strigose. 
 Fruit unknown. 
 
 22. P. obliqua, H.f.dcT. Fl.Ind. 138; young parts puberulous, leaves 
 subsessile linear-oblong obtusely acuminate base obliquely cordate shining 
 and glabrous on both surfaces, peduncles solitary, petals \ in. oblong 
 obtuse. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 A tree ; branches twiggy, slender, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1-1 1 in., tapering to 
 the base, firm, coriaceous, paler beneath ; petiole J in. Flowers 4 in. diam., axillary ; 
 peduncles J-1 in. ; bract subraedian. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals subequal, thickly 
 coriaceous, silky outside. Carpels pisiform, dark brown ; stalk 4 in. 
 
 Sect. III. Trivalvaria, Miguel. Inner petals very concave or vaulted. 
 
 23. P. costata, H.f. <p T. ; young branches toraentose, leaves oblong 
 or oblong-lanceolate acuminate or acute rigidly coriaceous glabrous above 
 silvery and downy beneath, flowers solitary shortly peduncled. Uvaria 
 costata, Wall. Cat. 6480. Guatteria costata, H.f. & T, Fl. Ind. 143- 
 
 Martaban, Wallich. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 5-6 by 1^24 in., base acute, deep green above; nerves oblique, 
 nearly straight, nervules conspicuous. Peduncles ^ in., extra-axillary. Sepals ovate, 
 persistent in fruit, subconnate at the base. Fruit unknown. — A very imperfectly 
 known species. 
 
 24. P. arsentesL, H.f. (h T. ; branches glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceo- 
 late acute or acuminate glabrous or both surfaces silvery beneath, peduncles 
 1-3 on short woody tubercles. Guatteria pallida, H. f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 143 
 {not of Blume). 
 
 Fore.sts of Assam and Silhet, H. f. & T. 
 
 A shrub; branches spreading, young hardly puberulous. Zeave* 4-8 by 1 5 -24 in , 
 base rounded or acute, thin, coriaceous ; nerves distant, arched ; petiole | in. Flowers 
 supra axillary, minute, polygamo-dicecious ; <J as in P. macrophylla, but smaller; 
 $ with many densely pubesc'-nt ovaries and a few imperfect stamens; bracts many, 
 minute, strigose. Carpels many, f in., oblong, granulate, glabrous; stalk ^ in. — An 
 apparent congener of P. ma rophfjlla, but the flowers are so young that it is hardly 
 useful to introduce the details given in Flora Indica, 
 
 25. P. ? aberrans, Maingay ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceo- 
 late taper-pointed membranous glaucous beneath nerves faint, flowers subter- 
 minal, petals orbicular-ovate outer largest, carpels small oblong 2-seeded. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A climbing shrub; branches black, slender. Leaves 4-5 by 1|-1| in., rather 
 shining above, nerves spreading reticulate on both hurfaces ; petiole ^ in., slender. 
 Floivers 1 in. diam., erect; peduncle 1^ in., slender; bracts minute, median or infra- 
 median. Sepals ^ in., broad-ovate, obtuse, glabrous. Outer petals I in., pubescent on 
 both surfaces ; inner ovate, acute, very concave, tips imbricate in bud. Ovaries pilose ; 
 cell far above the base; ovules 1-2, snperposfd. Carpels ^-^ in., elliptic-oblong, cylin- 
 dric, smooth, purple, top rounded, walls thin. Seedi 2, superposed. — Eefened also 
 doubtfully to EUipcia by Maingay, from whose mss. the description of the flower ia 
 taken. 
 
 f2 
 
68 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Poli/altkia. 
 
 OuATTERTA MEMBRANACEA, A. DC. Mem. Anou. 41 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 142, of 
 which there are no specimens in the Wallichian Horbaritim, is no doubt a Polyalthia, 
 differing from P. nitida apparently only in the slightly pubescent leaves. 
 
 11. ANAXAGOREA, St. Hilaire. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Flowers small, greenish, leaf-opposed. Sepals 3, valvate, 
 connate at the base. Pekih 6, siibequal, 2-seriate, valvate, thin, flat. Torus 
 convex. Stamens indefinite ; anther-^ells extrorse or sublateral ; connective 
 with a terminal process. Ovarits few or many ; style variable ; ovules 2, 
 subbasal, collateral, ascending. lUpe car])els follicular ; stalk clavate. 
 Seeds 1-2, exarillate, testa shining. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and America ; 
 species about 6. 
 
 1. A. luzonensis, A. Gray, Boi. U. S. Expl. Exped. 27; glabrous, 
 leaves membranous oblong abniptlyobtusely acilminate,flowers solitary leaf- 
 opposed, bracts 1-2 amplexicaul. A. zeylanica, H. f. d: T.F'l. Ind, 144; 
 Thwaites Enum. 10 ; Beddonie Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 46. 
 
 Tropical forests of Pegu, Rangoon, the Andamans, Malacca, and Cetlok. — 
 DiSTKiii. Philippines. 
 
 A shrtib. Leaves 3-6 by 1.^-2 in., base acute, light green, paler benonth ; nerves 
 distant, oblique ; petiole \ in. Flotrers I in. diani ; {)e(luiicle ^ in. Sejiah ovate, 
 obtuse. PttaU ovate or oblong. Stamens all similar and fertile. Ovan'e.i 2-4, ovoid- 
 oblong. Carpels 1^ in., spathuhite, obtuse, obrqncly mucronate, glabrous, rather 
 rugose. — Allied closely to A. javanica, Blume, which has 8-10 carpels and elongated 
 inner stamens. 
 
 12. FOPOWIA, End). 
 
 Trees. Flowers small, extra-axillary or leaf-opposed. - Sepals 3, ovate, 
 valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer like the sepals, spreading ; inner 
 thick, concave, connivent, acute or tip usually inflexed. Sta/iien.'< indefinite 
 or subdotinite, short, cuneate ; anther-Cflls dor-al, remote. Carpels about 
 6, ov(»id ; style large, oblong or suUclavate, straight or recurved ; ovules 1-2 
 on the ventral suture, rarely 1 basal erect. /j?i/>e carpels berried, globose or 
 ovoid, stalked.— Distrib. About 8 species, Asiatic, African, and Aus- 
 tralian. 
 
 1. P. Seddomeana, //. /. d: T. ; leaves membranous lanceolate or 
 oblong-lanceolate long acuminate lower ovate acute smooth above granulate 
 and tonientose on the veins beneath, flowers extra-axillary, outer petals 
 larger than the inner. P. rainosissima, Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 75 {excl. 
 
 Mountains of Travancor, Beddome. 
 
 A much branched tree ; young parts densely brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-'i by 
 l|-2^ in., lower 2 by 1 in., base acute, sraootli above; petiole very short. Flower- 
 buds ^ in. diam., globose, villous ; pednncles i\-^ in., tomeiitose ; bract median. Sepals 
 acute, connate below. Petals thick, glabrous inside, densely toraentose outside ; outer 
 very broad ovate ; inner convi;x, tip not inflexed ; claw broad, short. Stamens inde- 
 finite. Ovaries 4-5 ; ovules 1-2. 
 
 2. P. ramosisslma, //./ d^ T. Fl. Ind. 105 ; leaves ovate or oblong 
 acute glabrous above tiuientose on the midrib and veins beneath, flowers 
 leaf-oppose. 1, outer petals smaller than the inner. Guatteria ratuosissima, 
 Wall. Cat. 7294, 8U06. 
 
Popowia.] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 69 
 
 Penang, WalUch. 
 
 'A spreading much branclied tree; bark glabrous; young parts brown-tomentose. 
 Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, base rounded ; petiole ^^ in., tomentose. Flowers 
 solitary or geminate, minute, globose ; pe iimcles vr~i ^^- > bract small, subraedian. 
 Sepals ovate, pilose. Outer petals smaller than the sepals, ovate; inner ovate, acute. 
 Stamens about 18. Carpels many, densely strigose ; ovules 1-2. 
 
 3. P. Kelferi, H.f. <& T. ; leaves narrow-oblong abruptly acutely or ob- 
 tusely acuminate glabrous above puberulous on the midrib beneath, flowers 
 extra-axillary ? outer petals smaller than the inner. 
 
 King's Island, Tena83erim, Heifer. 
 
 A small spreading tree ; brancbilets coarsely hairy. Leaves 2|-5 by 1-1^ in., base 
 rounded or suboblique ; petiole ^ in., subpilose. Flowers minute, globose ; peduncles 
 Y^-^ i^-> tomentose. Sepals and (rather larger) outer petals ovate, strigose ; inner 
 petals orbicular, concave, densely strigose, tip inflexed. Stamens 15. Carpels 6, densely 
 etrigose ; ovule solitary, subbasal. — We have examined but one bud. 
 
 4. P. pauciflora, Maingay mss. ; branchliets strigose, leaves elliptic- 
 lanceolate finely acuminate membranous minutely granulate midrib and 
 veins beneath sparsely appressed pilose, flowers extra-axillary, outer petals 
 much smaller than the inner, carpels pisiform 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches slender, dark-grey. Leaves 5-7 by 1^-2 in., base acute, surfaces similar 
 opaque ; nerves very oblique ; petiole yV ^^- Flowers \ in. diam., solitary or in pairs, 
 outside the leaf-axil, rusty-strigose ; peduncles ^-^ in. ; bract basal. Sepals minute, 
 ovate. Outer petals like the sepals, glabrous inside ; inner thrice as large, suborbicular, 
 concave, tip inflexed. Stamens many. Ovaries 6, gibbous, strigose ; style subclavate ; 
 ovule erect. Carpels pisiform, subsessile, glabrous, purple. Testa rugose. 
 
 5. P. foetlda, Maingay mss. ; branchlets tomentose, leaves elliptic- 
 lanceolate caudate-acuminate glabrous above tomentose beneath, flowers 
 axillary outer petals a little smaller than the inner, carpels very large. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A largg tree ; branches pale, leaves beneath petioles inflorescence and carpels covered 
 with yellow-grey tomentum. Leaves 5-7 by 2-2 4 in., base acute, thin, firm with midrib 
 above puberulous ; nerves many, strong beneath, reaching the margin ; petiole I-5- in., 
 thickened. Flowers ^ in. diam., buds globose ; peduncles 5 in. Sepals minute, obtuse. 
 Outer petals elliptic-ovate, obtuse, yellow ; inner smaller, base excavated, margin thick, 
 triquetrous, apiculate. Stamens about 30, connective produced backwards. Ovaries 
 about 6, strigose, 2-ovuled ; style rather slender. Carpels 2-3 by 14-2 in., sessile, oblong, 
 cylindric, top rounded, 1-seeded. Seed 1^-2 in., oblong; testa bony, smooth. 
 
 6. P ■ nervlfolia, Maingay mss. ; branchlets densely tomentose, leaves 
 oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate substrigose on the short midrib 
 and nerves beneath, flowers extra-axillary 2-3-nate silky villous, outer petals 
 like the sepals half as large as the inner, carpels \ in. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches black ; branchlets rusty-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., firm, coria- 
 ceous, base subacute, opaque, under-surface pale ; nerves prominent, rather remote, very 
 oblique; petiole ^-^ in., rusty -pubescent. Flowers fin. diam., peduncles l-gin., stout, 
 clothed with large ovate obtuse clasping hirsute bracts. Sepals orbicular-ovate. Petals 
 broadly elliptic-ovate, very thick, outer ^ in., inner coriaceous, tip 3-quetrous, glabrous 
 within. Ofar/es many, slender, hirsute ; ovule 1, erect. Carpe/s many, ^ in., elHptic- 
 oblon^, smooth, apiculate, walls thin ; stalk short stout. Seed oblong, testa pale shiuing. 
 — Alhed to Xylopia in the conniving triquetrous inner petals. {^Maingay). 
 
70 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Popowia. 
 
 7. P. tomentosa, Maingay mss. ; branchlets and leaves beneath softly 
 hirsute, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate puberulous 
 above, base cordate, flowers small extra-axillary softly villous, outer petals 
 larger than the inner. 
 
 Malacca, Main gay. 
 
 A tree ; branches black, rugose. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 J in., rather thin, opaque, dirty 
 green above, pale and greenish beneath under the soft brown hairs ; petiole | in. 
 ^bwera J in. diam,, subsessile ISepals broad-ovate, connate, hardly larger than the 
 sepals. Outer petals suboibicular, very thick, glabrous within ; inner smaller, very 
 concave, obovate, connivent. Torm flat. Stamens about 25. Ovarie)< 7-9, glabrous; 
 style equalling the ovary; ovules 2 superposed. Eipet carpels ^-% in. diam., globose, 
 hairy, at length glabrous, smooth, blood-red, 2-8eeded; stalk \ in., stout. 
 
 13. OXYMITRA, Blume. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Leaves parallel -nerved, nervules transverse, not form- 
 ing intra-niarginal loops. Flowers leaf -opposed or extra-axillary. Sejxih 3, 
 valvate, connate below. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows, outer large, long, flat 
 or triquetrous and narrow, leathery, more or less spreading or connivent ; 
 inner much smaller, ovate-lanceolate or oblong (long and narrow in 0. steno- 
 vetala and glauca), conniving over the stamens and ovaries. Stamens many, 
 linear-oblong or cuneate, truncate ; anther-cells dorsal, remote (small and 
 ovoid in 0. glauca). Ovaries oblong, strigose ; style oblong or clavate, re- 
 curved ; ovules 1-2, subbasal, ascending. Ripe cai-pels 1-seeded, stalked. — 
 DiSTRiB. About 18 species, Asiatic and African. 
 
 1. O. latlfolia, H.f.& T. Fl.Ind. 145 ; leaves ovate or obovate obtuse, 
 base cordate glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath, peduncles 1 brac- 
 teate in the middle, carpels long-stalked pubescent. 
 
 Penano, Phillips; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A large woody climber, branches rusty -tomentoBe. Leaves 6-12 by 4-7 in., coriaceous, 
 shining above, tomentose on the nerves and midrib beneath ; petiole ^ in. Flowers 
 Bupra-axiilary ; pedicel |^-4 in., rusty-tomentose ; bracts ovate or oblong. Sepals orbi- 
 cular, connate into a 3-lobed cup. Outer petals 1-14 in-> tomentose, ovate-lanceolate, 
 tips triquetrous; inner k in., broad-ovate, shortly clawed. Carpels red-purple, golden- 
 pubescent, liipe carpels red-purple. 
 
 2. O. maclellandii, //. /. d^ T. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute, base 
 rounded or subcordate, above glabrous except the midrib, beneath glaucous 
 and appressed pubescent, peduncle ebracteate. 
 
 Kanooon, Maclelland, &c. 
 
 A large (climbing?) shrub, young branches appressed tomentose, old glabrate. Leaves 
 8-10 by 2^-3 in., covered above with microscopic scales, reddish beneath ; petiole ^ in. 
 Flowers supra-axillary, solitary ; pedicel \ in., appressedly brown-pubescent. Sepals 
 J in., ovate, acuminate. Outer petals 1^ in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous; inner 4-§in., 
 oblong, connivent, flat, with a slight oval basal concavity. Ovaries oblong, densely 
 Btrigose ; style oblong. 
 
 3. O. affinia, II. f. <& T. ; branchlets densely rusty-tomentose, leaves 
 oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or subacute, base cordate, above opaque 
 and puberulous, beneath glaucous and rusty-pubescent, peduncle bracteate 
 in the middle, sepals foliaceous, carpels elliptic pubescent shortly-stalked. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches black. Leaves 5-9 by 2-3J in., thin ; nerves rusty-pubescent above, beneath 
 distinct spreading ; petiole \ in. Flowers supra-axillary, nodding, solitary, 1 in. long ; 
 
Oca^mitra.] iv. anonaceje. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 71 
 
 peduncle \ in. short, curved ; bracts large, orbicular, veined. Sepals \ in., orbibular- 
 ovate, acute, veined, tomentose, twice as broad and half as long as the ovate-lanceolate 
 triquetrous acute outer petals, which are excavated at the base, pubescent outside, 
 glabrous within. Inner petals glabrous, rather shorter than the outer, connate into an 
 acute cone, claw short. 0«am» 1-ovuled. Carpels ^ in., acute; stalk short. — Near 
 O. Maclellandii. 
 
 4. O. stenopetala, H. f. ^ T, ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends, 
 glabrous above glaucous beneath, petals all long and narrow. 
 
 Martaban, Falconer. 
 
 A woody climber ; young branches and fbwers appressed-pubescent. Leaves 9-12 by 
 2-3 in. Fhwers supra-axillary. Sepals I4 in., ovate, acute. Petals tapering from an 
 ovate base to a long fine point, outer 2 by ^ in., inner \ shorter, connivent. — Habit of 
 the genus, but differs in the long inner petals. 
 
 5. O. unonaefolla, H. f. <fh T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves oblong abruptly 
 caudate-acuminate glabrous and shining above very glaucous beneath, 
 carpels oblong stalked glabrous. Guatteria unonsefolia, A. DC. Mem. 41 ; 
 Wall Cat. 6435. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Tavoy, WalUch. 
 
 A woody glabrous climber; buds with appressed golden pubescence. Leaves 5-7 by 
 2-3 in., base rounded or subacute; petiole J-3 in. Peduncles extra-axillary j flowers 
 imperfect. Sepals persistent, broad-ovate, brown-pubescent. Carpels 5-6, apiculate, 
 dark-brown ; stalk \ in. — Referred here from its similarity in foliage, &c., to Oxy- 
 mitra. 
 
 6. O. grlauca, H.f. d^ T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves oblong obtuse or acute at 
 both ends glabrous very glaucous beneath, outer petals very long and 
 narrow, carpels stalked small obtuse at both ends. 
 
 Penang, Phillips ; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A slender glabrous (climbing V) shrub ; buds slightly pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by \\,-2 \ 
 in,, base usually rounded. Sepals minute, acute, deciduous. Fruiting peduncles 1 in., 
 almost leaf-opposed Outer petals 1 in., narrow-linear, triquetrous; inner very small, 
 triquetrous. Anther-cells ovoid, top of connective large, trapezoid. Ovaries hirsute ; 
 ovule 1 erect ; style curved, clavate. Carpels many, ^ in. diam., subglobose, dark-brown, 
 smooth ; stalk as long. 
 
 7. O. fornicata, If. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- 
 lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous above glaucous and hoary-pubescent 
 beneath, carpels narrow-oblong mucronate short-stalked. Uvaria fornicata, 
 Roxh. FL Ind. ii. 662. U. Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat. 6423 A {not B). 
 
 Forests of Assam, Silhet, Mergui, and Penang ? 
 
 A climbing shi-ub, young branches leaves pedicels and carpels brown-tomentose. 
 Leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in., base rounded ; petiole ^ in. Flowers pale yellow, supra-axil- 
 lary ; peduncles J-| in. ; bract median, oblong, deciduous. Sepals \-% in., ovate-lanceo- 
 late, membranous, veined, appressed-pubescent. Outer petals 2 in., oblong lanceolate, 
 thin, tomentose, about 5-nerved; inner ^ in., ovate, acute,. connivent. Carpels |-f in., 
 stalk very short, stout. 
 
 8. O. fiUpes, H.f. <Sc T. ; branchlets slender and leaves beneath hir- 
 sute, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles very long 
 filiform, flowers very slender. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A climbing shrub ; branches brown, clothed with soft spreading hairs. Leaves 4-6 
 by 1^-2 in., thin, base cordate, opaque above with slender puberulous veins, hardly 
 glaucous beneath ; petiole J in. Flowers 2-2^ in. long ; peduncles 3-4 in., supra-axil- 
 
72 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Oxymitra. 
 
 lary, puberulous ; bracts minute, median. Sepals \ in., ovate, acute, rusty -pubescent. 
 Outer petals with a short broad concave base, and almost filiform pubescent blade; 
 inner ^ in., oblong, subulate-acuminate. Ovaries sWky \ style short, stigma clavate; 
 ovule 1. Carpels ^ in., elliptic, beaked, red, walla thin, pubescent ; Htalk ^ in. 
 
 14. PKSANTKUS, H. f. & T. 
 
 Trees or climbers. Flowers solitary terminal or in extra-axillary fascicles. 
 Sepals 3, small, valvate. Fetals 6, valvate in 2 rows ; outer small like the 
 sepals ; inner large, flat, coriaceous. Stamejis numerous, narrow-oblong, 
 truncate or capitate, anther-cells dorsal, distant. Carjyeh numerous ; style 
 clavate, grooved ventrally. Ovules 1-2, subbasal, ascending. Mipe carjjds 
 stalked, 1 -seeded. — Distrib. Species 3, Malayan. 
 
 1. P. nutans, //. /. <£r T. FL Ind. 147 ; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute 
 or acuminate glabrous above except the midrib softly pubescent beneath, 
 carpels oblong puberulous stalked. Uvaria nutans, Wall. Cat. 6481. U. tri- 
 petala, Koxb. FL Ind. ii,667. U. ophthalmica, Roxb. ex Don Gen. Syst. L 93. 
 
 Malacca and Singapore, Wallich, &c. — Distkib. Moluccas. 
 
 A climber; young branches brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-2^ in., base 
 acute; petiole ^ in., pubescent. /'^/oi/'er« terminal or lateral, solitary or 2-3 together, 
 fetid, yellowish, purple at the base inside ; peduncles 1-2 in., tomentose ; bracts several, 
 small, linear. Inner j^etals |-1 in., ovatc-obiong, pubescent, 5-7-ribbed. Carpels ^ in., 
 beaked ; stalks equal their length. 
 
 1 2. P. malabaricuB, Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 76 ; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate taper-pointed glabrous except the midrib below, flowers axillary 
 or extra-axillary solitary. 
 
 Wynaad jungles, Malabar, Beddome. 
 
 Young part ferruginous. Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., base rounded or cordate ; petioles 
 very short, pubescent. Flowers ^-J in. diam., red; peduncles ^-4 in.; bracts 2, minute, 
 basal. Sepals orbicular-ovate, acute. OtUer jjetals twice as large as the sepals, nar- 
 rower ; inner twice as large as the outer, cymbiform, fleshy, influxed tips contiguous. 
 Style short, clavate ; ovules 1-2 on the ventral suture. — Foliage of Ganiothalamiia. 
 
 15. OONZOTKAXiAMUS, Blume. 
 
 Small trees or shrubs. Leaves with small nerves, forming intramarginal 
 loops. Flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary or extra-axillary ; i>eduncles 
 with basal scaly distichous bracts. Sejxds 3, valvate. Fttals 6, valvate in 
 2 series ; outer thick, flat ; inner smaller, shortly clawed, cohering in a 
 vaulted cap over the stamens and ovary. Stamens many, linear-t)blong ; 
 anther-cells remote, dorsal, connective produced into an oblong or truncate 
 process. Ovaries many ; style simple or 2-fid ; ovules solitary or 2 super- 
 posed, subbasal. Hijje carpels 1 -seeded. — Distrib. About 14 species, natives 
 of Eastern tropical Asia and its islands. 
 
 A very difficult genus (reduced to Oxymitra, \n Baillon's Hist, des Plantes, 237), 
 many species of which require further study. The dimensions of the flower increase 
 rapidly, and those given in the diagnosis are supposed to be the mature ones. — Thwaites' 
 sectional characters taken from the persistence of the calyx and form of the style are 
 probably the best, but not available in all the specimens at our disposal. 
 
 I. Outer petals glabrous or very slightly pubescent, 
 t Leaves oblong or lanceolate ; outer petals \\ in. or more. 
 1. G. Thwaitesii, H. f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 106 ; leaves glabrous oblong 
 obtusely acuminate, peduncles aidllary, sepals broadly ovate obtuse per- 
 
Gmiothalamus.] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 73 
 
 sistent. outer petals broadly clawed, style subulate, carpels ovoid shortly 
 stalked. Thwaites Bnum. 7 ; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 58. 
 
 Travancor, Wight ; Ceylon, alt. 2-4000 ft. 
 
 A small tree ; brandies glaucous, leafy; buds brown-pubescent, ieayes 3|-6 by 
 \\-1\ in., coriaceous, dark-green above, paler beneath, margins subrecurved, nerves 
 subdistant ; petiole \-\ in. Flowera green ; peduncles |-1 in., subclavate. Sepals \ in., 
 glabrous, reticulate vi^hen dry. Outer petals Ij-l^ in., glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, 
 tapering to a rather obtuse tip ; inner subsericeous ; cone of tips acute, \ in. Carpels 
 ^1 in., obtuse at both ends. 
 
 2. Gt. G-ardnerl, H. f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 107 ; leaves narrow lanceolate 
 glabrous, peduncles 1-2 axillary, sepals ovate acute persistent, outer petals 
 hardly clawed, style subulate, carpels oblong subglabrous short-stalked. — 
 Thwaites Enum. 7 ; Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 60. 
 
 Ceylon; in forests, alt. 2-4000 ft., Walker, &c. 
 
 A shrub, 8-10 ft. ; branches leafy, glabrous; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves 5-\0 
 by 1-2 in., coriaceous, dark-green and shining above, pale, beneath, nerves close set ; 
 petiole 4-4 in. Flowers yellow-green ; peduncles \-^ in. Sepals glabrous, reticulate 
 when dry. Outer petals glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, longer and narrower than in O. 
 Thwaitesii. Carpels 1 in. ; style subulate. 
 
 3. G. ariffithil, H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 110; leaves oblong obtusely acu- 
 minate glabrous, peduncles axillary recurved, sepals large obtuse or subacute 
 persistent?, outer petals long-acuminate scarcely clawed, style subulate, 
 carpels subglobose glabresceut short-stalked. 
 
 Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 A tree ; branches glabrous, black or grey. Leaves 6-12 by 24-3 in., coriaceous, 
 base acut€, shining above, paler beneath; petiole ^ in. Peduncles ^ in., axillary or 
 from the old wood. Sepals ^-f in., thin, reticulate when dry, connate below. Outer 
 petals 2-24 in., glabrous, lanceolate from a broad base ; inner 4-§ in. ; cone sharp, tri- 
 quetrous. Anthers with an acute process. Ovaries strigose ; style long, subulate. 
 Carpels 4 in- diam. 
 
 4. G-. XXookeri, Thwaites Enum 6; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong 
 shortly obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or cauline, sepals 
 broad acute persistent, outer petals not clawed, style subulate, carpels ovoid 
 short-stalked. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 66. 
 
 Ceylon ; Hinidoon and Reigam Corles, alt. 1000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A small tree ; branches glabrous. Leaves 6-13 by 2|-5 in., thick, coriaceous, base 
 acute or 'tounded, paler beneatii ; petiole ^-% in. Flowers pale green, solitary or 
 fascicled; peduncles ^-^in. >iS'ejpaZs | in., connate below, reticulate when dry. Outer 
 petals 2 in., glabrous, broad-lanceolate, base rounded, slightly contracted above the 
 middle ; inner tomentose within, cone | in. high. Carpels size of a small bean. 
 
 ft Leaves oblong or lanceolate ; ovJLer 'petals 1 in. or less. 
 
 5. G. sesquipedalis, //./. <& T. FL Ind. 108 ; leaves linear-oblong or 
 lanceolate abruptly obtusely acuminate glabrous margin recurved when dry, 
 sepals ovate acute persistent, outer petals lanceolate, cone of inner long, 
 carpels ovoid glabrous very short-stalked. Guatteria sesquipedalis, WaU. 
 PL As. Rar. iii. t. 266 ; Cat. 6446. O. macrophylla, A. DC Mem. 42 {not 
 ofBlume) WalL Cat. 6451. 
 
 From SiKKiM 1* Assam, and the Khasia hills to Tenasserim. 
 
 A glabrous shrub, 2-4 ft. Leaves 9-13 by 2-3i in., coriaceous, minutely pellucid- 
 punctate, shining above, paler beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flowers greenish-yellow ; pe- 
 duncles xr^ in., axillary or supra-axillary. Sepals ^ in., glabrous. Outer petals 1 iu., 
 
74 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Goniothatamus, 
 
 lanceolate, glabrous ; inner pubescent ; cone | in. Ovaries golden- strigose, narrow, 
 equalling the cylindric recurved style. Carpels 3-4 or 8-10, § in., mucronate, granu- 
 late, orange-red. 
 
 6. G. Walkerl, H.f. S T. Fl. Ind. 109 ; leaves narrowly linear-oblong 
 obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary, sepals ovate acute persis- 
 tent, outer petals ovate-lanceolate, style clavate 2-lobed. Tliwaitts Enum. 
 8 and 398. 
 
 Ceylon ; in the Singhe Kajah forest, Walker, &c. 
 
 A small tree ; branches glabrous. Leaves 10-13 by 2-5 in., coriaceous, base acute, 
 very aromatic, dark green and shining above, pale beneath. Flowers red, sparsely 
 pubescent; peduncles 15-^ in., axillary. Sepals ^ in., enlarging in fruit. Outer 
 petals § in.; inner i-4 in. — "The fragrant roots contain camphor and are chewed by 
 the Cinghalese." — Ihw. — Very near to O. sesquipedalis. The description of the flower 
 is taken from Thwaites. 
 
 ttt Leaves obovate-oblong, widening upwards to above the middle. 
 
 7. G-. Tbomsoni, Thwaites Enum. 7; leaves obovate-oblong abruptly 
 long-acuminate glabrous, flowers solitary or binate axillary or truncal, sepals 
 acute persistent, outer petals 1^ in. lanceolate, style with 2 filiform segments, 
 carpels ovoid sbort-staLked. Beddonve Ic. PL Lnd. Or. t. 59. 
 
 Ceylon; forests between Gal!e and Ratnapoora, Thwaites. 
 ' A small glabrous bush, 14-3 ft. Leaves 6-12 by 1^-3^ in., base acute, bright green 
 above, pale beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flowers yellow, glabrous, often close to the ground; 
 peduncles h-% in., slender, tip decurved. Sepals \ in., lanceolate.. Outer petals 14 in., 
 taper-pointed, base rounded ; cone of inner broad, 4 in. high. Ovarits elongate, equal- 
 ling the style. Caipels 4 in., l-seeded. 
 
 8. G-. wynaadensis, Bed dome Ic. PL lnd. Or. i. 13, t. 61 ; leaves nar- 
 rowly obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or 
 truncal, sepals persistent ] outer petals \ in. broad ovate, style elongate 
 2-lobed, carpels oblong. Atrategia, Beddome. 
 
 Western Penin.sula ; Wynaad, alt. 2500-5000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 An erect shrub; shoots puberulous. Leaves 8-11 by 3 in., thin, membranans, base 
 acute, shining above, paler beneath; petiole ^-4 in. Flowers ^-l in. long, glabrate ; 
 buds brown-pubescent ; peduncles ^-^ in. Sfpals orbicular, obtuse or acute. Outer 
 petals conspicuously veined ; inner half as long, vaulted. Torus and ovaries hairy ; 
 ovule 1. liipe carpels \-l in. long, mucrouate ; stalk ^ in. — We have seen but one 
 specimen. 
 
 9. G-. macrophyllus, U.f.d: T. ; leaves narrow-obovate-oblong acu- 
 minate glabrous coriaceous, peduncles supra-axillary, sepals acute persistent, 
 outer petals 1-1| in. oblong-lanceolate, style slender, carpels pisiform sub- 
 sessile. — Polyalthia macrophylla, Blame Fl. Jav. Anon. 79, t. 39. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingaij. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A shrub or tree; branches glabrous; bark grey. Leaves 10-18 by 3-5 in., coria- 
 ceous, base rounded or acute, pale beneath ; petiole f-1 in. Flowers green, glabrous ; 
 peduncles ^4 in-i glabrous. Petals, outer acute or acuminate ; iimer obtuse, ciliate, 
 cone ^ in., depressed, triquetrous. Ovaries 12-18, glabrous, 1-ovuled. Carpels size 
 of a pea, ovoid, mucronate. — Our specimens are in fruit with a bud. 
 
 II. Outer petals softly pubescent or tomentose. 
 * Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong. 
 
 10. G. Slmonsli, H. f. <t T. Fl. Ind. 108 ; leaves narrowly obovate- 
 oblong caudate-acuminate glabrous above brown pubescent beneath, pe- 
 duncles axillary, sepals acute persistent, style cylindric, carpels oblong. 
 
Goniotkalamus.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 7b 
 
 Khasia hills ; alt. 2-3000 ft., Simons, &c, 
 
 A small tree ; young branches, midrib and nerves beneath, peduncles and petals 
 brown-tomentose. Leaves 9-15 by 3-5 in., nerves strong; petiole 4 ^Q- Flowers 
 1-1 1 in. long; peduncles i-^ in. Sepals 4 in., ovate. Outer petah 14-2 in. long, 
 oblong lanceolate ; cone of inner 4 in- ^ong, triquetrous, acute. Connective acute, 
 glabrous. Carpels 4 in-, on a much elongated torus, mucronate. 
 
 11. G. g-igranteus, ff.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 109 ; leaves oblong long and 
 obtusely acuminate glabrous above puberulous beneath with a sharply- 
 keeled midrib, peduncles from the old axils, sepals broadly ovate obtuse, 
 outer petals flat, style filiform, tip clavate. — Uvaria gigantea, Wall. Gat. 
 6469 A B {in part). 
 
 Pena5:g and Singapore, Wallich, &c. — Distrib. Philippines. 
 
 Branches glabrous, white; buds brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by l|-^3 in,, coria- 
 ceous, base acute, dark-green and shining above, pale beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flowers 
 very large ; peduncles 1-1 4 in., subclavate, spn'ading or p.^ndulous, puberulous. Sepals 
 I in., ovate, subobtuse, pubescent. Outer petals 3-4 by l|-3iu., oblong, shortly clawed, 
 pubescent on both surfaces ; inner densely golden-toraentose, cone § in. 
 
 12. G. xnalajanus, ff.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 107 ; leaves narrow-oblong 
 taper-pointed glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary, sepals connate to the 
 middle acute, outer petals flat, style slender, carpels narrow-oblong glabrate 
 stalked. Uvaria sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 710. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 Bark white; shoots brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-9 by '[\-Z in., base acute or 
 rounded, shining and dark-green above, paler and lurid beneath, veins subhorizontal, 
 faint; petiole |-i in. Flowers greenish; peduncles ^-| in., deflexed, brown-silky. 
 Sepals ^ in , broad ovate, pubescent. Outer petals 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, acute, 
 clawed, young silky on both surfaces with a triangular glabrous basal area, back 
 keeled ; inner united into a short acute tomentose cone. Ovaries silky ; ovules 3-5. 
 Carpels 1 in., corky (golden-pubescent when immature) ; stalk J in. Seeds 1-3, testa 
 hispidulous ; funicle broad, flat. — G. Stingelandtii, Scheffer, of Java, is perhaps the 
 same. 
 
 13. G-. fulvus, ff.f. & T. ; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong obtuse or 
 acute glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary, sepals free subacute, outer petals 
 flat, style cvlindric glabrous. 
 
 Malacca, 'GUn^th. 
 
 Branches slender, black. Leaves 8-9 by 24-3^ in., thin, glabrous, pellucid-dotted, 
 base acute, nerves oblique ; petiole \ in., appressed-pubescent. Flowers 1 in. long ; 
 peduncles | in., puberulous. Sepals i in., broad ov^te. Oat^r petals \^-2 in., lan- 
 ceolate from a broad base, tape r-poin tad, broyfn-silky, slightly keeled on the back ; cone 
 \ in., short, triquetrous, obtuse. — F\ovfQT o^ G.malayanus ; leaves more like G. Simonsii. 
 
 14. G-. cardlopetaliis, ff.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 107 ; leaves narrow-oblong 
 or obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous margin waved, peduncles 
 supra-axillary solitary or superposed, sepals orbicular free, outer petals 
 cucullate clawed, style slender 2-fid. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 62. Uvaria 
 obovata, ffeyne ex Wall. Cat. 6471. Polyalthia cardiopetala, Dah. in ffook. 
 Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 39. Atrategia Thomsoni, Bedd. 
 
 Mountains of Canara, ffeyne, &c. 
 
 A small tree ; branches slender, leafy. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., thin, coriaceous, base 
 acute, petiole ^ in. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; peduncles \-\ in. Sepals small, pubescent. 
 Outer petals 4-| in., oblong, densely brown-tomentose ; inner \ shorter, tomentose. ^ 
 
 ** Leaves lanceolate. 
 
 15. G. reticulatus, Thwaites Enum. 7, 398 ; leaves lanceolate or very 
 narrowly oblong acuminate glandular-dotted glabrous above sparsely strigose 
 
76 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Gonwthalamus. 
 
 beneath, peduncles supra-axillary, sepals broad ovate acute deciduous, style 
 clavate 2-lobed, carpels oblong or globose rusty -pubescent. Beddmie Ic. 
 PL Ind. Or. t. 64. 
 
 Ceylon ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, Thwaites. 
 
 A shrub, 6-8 ft.; bark black, .young branches strigose. Leaves C-11 by 1-2J in., 
 membranous, reticulate ; petiole | in., deeply grooved, almost winged. Flowers § in., 
 long, red- or yellow-brown; pedicels ^in., very slightly supra axillary, deflexed Ovaries 
 densely red-strigose, style large. Carpels ^ in. long, acute, 1-2-seeded ; stalk ^ In. 
 
 16. G". salicinus, H.f. dh T. FL Ind. 106 ; leaves narrow-lanceolate 
 acuminate glandular-dotted glabrous above sparsely strigose beneath, pe- 
 duncles shortly supra-axillary, sepals deciduous, style 2-lobed. TliwaiUs 
 Enam. 7 ; Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 65. 
 
 Ceylon ; in forests near Adam's Peak, alt. 2-3000 ft. 
 
 A shrub 10-12 ft. ; branches dark, slender, leaty ; young parts, petioles, pedicels, and 
 sepals densely brown strigose. Leaves 3-44 by ^1 in.; petiole \ in. Fhmers yellow- 
 brown or -red; peduncles | in. Sepals \ in., ovate, acuminate. Outer petals \-\ in., 
 oblong-lanceolate, tomentose ; cone of inner ^ in. high. 
 
 17. G. Wi^htil, //. / d; T. Fl. Ind. 106 ; leaves lanceolate acute at 
 both ends glabrous on both surfaces pellucid-dotted, peduncles axillary, 
 sepals persistent, outer petals ovate acute, style oblong tip dilated, carpels 
 oblong glabrous. Wall. Cat. 9089 ; Peddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. oa 
 
 Forests of Travancor, WigJit, &c. 
 
 Branches glabrous, kafy, buds subsilky. Leaves 3-5 by |-U i^-. thin, bright green 
 above, brownish beneath ; petiole ^-\ in. Flowers \ in. diam., peduncles ^-1 >"-, s"h- 
 clavate. Sepals \ in., broad-ovate, subacute, puberulous. Outer 2>etals 1 in., appresscd 
 brown-pubescent; inner i in., cone short, brown silky inside. Carpels Sin.; stalk 
 iin. 
 
 16. XIZZTREFKORA, Blume. 
 
 Trees. Leaves coriaceous, strongly ribbed, plaited in vernation. Flowers 
 usually terminal or leaf-opposed, sometimes 1-sexual. Sepals 3, orbicular 
 or ovate. Petals 6, 2-seriate, valvate ; outer ovate, thii^, ^heiiicd ; inner 
 clawed, vaulted and cohering. Stamens oblong-cuneate ; _abdvffS i 1 1 h er^ells 
 diU:aaLr©ffiot«:y^ar/W^- oblong ; style oblong or clavate, ventraTly furrowecfy 
 ovules 4 or more, 2-seriate. Ripe carpels globose or ovoid, stalked or sub- 
 sessUe. — DiSTfim, Species about 10 -tropical Asiatic. 
 
 (^^<r-H/r^^^ la. tomS^osaTl'/!!^ leaves ovate or oblong- 
 
 lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, glabrous and shining above except the 
 hairy midrib, softrf tomentose beneath, flowers cymose shortly pedicelled 
 ^ bisexual leaf-opposed, carpels subglobose tomentose long-stalked. 
 
 From Assam, Jenkins; to CmxTAGONQ, E..f.& T. 
 
 Branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3- 6 by 1 4-3 in., base rounded, finely reticulate be- 
 neath ; petiole ^^ in Cymes few-flowered, densely tomentose, bracts basal, large, 
 orbicular ; pedicels ^-^ in. ; bracteole subniedian. Flowers 2 in. diam. Sepals broad- 
 ovate, acute. Outer petals 1 in., acute ; inner broad ovate. Carpels 1 in. diam. ; pe- 
 dicel 1-1 4 in. 
 
 2. K. obtusa, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 22, t. 10 and 14 C; branches 
 glabrescent, leaves ovate or oblong acute or mucronate glabrate beneath, 
 flowers long-pedicelled 2-sexual on terminal and leaf-opposed tomentose 
 peduncles, carpels as in M. tomentosa but smaller. //. /. (i: T. Fl. Ind. 113. 
 Uvaria obtusa, Blwme Bijd. ; Wall. Cat. 6484. 
 
 ^' 
 
Mitrephora,] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 77 
 
 Penanq, WalUch; Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A tall much branched tree. Leaves 2-5 by 1-2 4 in., coriaceous, base ronnded, 
 young pubescent beneath and on the mibrib above, old glabrous and shining on both 
 Burfaces. Flowers 1 in. diam., bracts several, distichous, linear ; pedicels 1-2 in., 
 slender; bracteole minute, supra-ni'^dian. Outer petaU ^m., yeWo-^xsh, veins purple, 
 velvety outside ; inner smaller, ovate, obtuse, pubescent outside, densely tomentose 
 inside, claw slender. 
 
 3. BI. Keyneana, Thwaites Enum. 8 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, nar- 
 rowed to an obtuse tip glabrous shining above, flowers 2-sexual shortly 
 pedicelled solitary or in leaf-opposed subracemose cymes, carpels ovoid or 
 subglobose subsessile. Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 77. Uvaria Heyneana, 
 Wall. Cat. 6463. U. lutea /3, W. <& A. Frodr. 8. Orophea Heyneana, H.f, 
 <k T. Fl. Ind. 110. 
 
 Carnatic, at Courtalam, Heyne, &c., and Ceylon, Thwaites. 
 
 Branches glabrous ; buds pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1^ in., firm, coriaceous, base 
 rounded, finely reticulated beneath ; petioles ^-^ in. Flowers \\ in. diam ; peduncle 
 very short ; bracts minute distichous ; pedicels J in., bracteole small, appressed. 
 Sepals minute, orbicular. Outer petals | in., yellow, cuneate lanceolate, taper-pointed, 
 downy on both sides ; inner yellow with red spots, \ in. long, trapezoid, acute, villous. 
 Carpels 6-9, ^ in-, strigose in flower, hoary when ripe, 1-3-seeded. 
 
 4. 3MC. ? excelsa, H.f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 114; young parts stellate-pubes- 
 cent, leaves obovate-oblong acute shining above pubescent beneath, flowers 
 small 2-sexual shortly pedicelled in short cymes in the old axils. Uvaria 
 excelsa. Wall. Cat. 6477. 
 
 Penang, WalUch. • 
 
 Leaves 6 8 by 2-3 J in., base cordate, finely reticulate beneath, nerves oblique, con- 
 spicuous ; petiole J in. Flowers small, white, in 2-3-flOwered cymes, tomentose. 
 /Sepals orbicular. Outer petals very thick, broad ovate, acute ; inner thick, arched, 
 rather contracted at the base. — Genus doubtful, the flowers being immature. 
 
 5. Tft, reticulata, II. f. & T. ; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong ob- 
 tusely acuminate glabrous above except the midrib puberulous beneath, 
 flowers monoecious, pedicels fascicled axillary, carpels globose. Uvaria 
 reticulata, Blame Fl. Jav. Anon. 50, t. 24. Pseuduvaria reticulata, Miq. Fl. 
 Lid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 33. 
 
 Tenasserim, Hilfer. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A small tree, 25 ft,; young branches hoary. Leaves 4-8 by 1^-2 J in., base ^cute, 
 conspicuously reticulate beneath, nerves parallel; petiole ^-^ in. Pedicels 3-6, slender, 
 4-1 4 in., pubescent ; bracts basal ; bracteole median, minute, ovate. Sepals minute, 
 ovate, obtuse. Petals outside and margins tomentose, outer very small, subacute; 
 inner J in., trapezoid ; claw narrow, erect. $ with 6 staminodes in 3 pairs. Ovaries. 
 pilose, 4-ovuled. Carpels 4-seeded. — Heifer's specimens differ from Blume's figure only 
 in the rather longer petiole, all are male (like Blume's), but Maingay says the species 
 is monoecious. 
 
 6. BI. IHaing-ayi, H.f. (^ T.; branchlets buds and peduncles rusty- 
 pubescent, leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong acuminate glabrous shining 
 above, flowers 2-sexual long^peduncled, bract concave median, carpels ovoid 
 stalked. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 3-7 by 1^-2^ in , rather rigid, pale, base rounded or acute, 
 minutely reticulate, nerves strong beneath arching upwards ; petiole ^-4 in , pubescent. 
 Flowers 1^ in. diam., cernuous, yellow with red blotcbes ; buds globose, browu-viilous ; 
 peduncles |-1 iu., ascending, slender, and small broad sepals brown-tomentose. Petals 
 
78 IV. ANONACEJE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Mitrephora, 
 
 pubescent; outer 1 in., obovate-oblong, shortly broadly clawed, undulate; inner raucb 
 smaller, cordate; claw long-linear. Torus urceolate pilose. Ovaries pilose, 8-10- 
 ovuled, style clavate. Carpels (unripe) | in,, rusty-lomentose, top rounded; stalk 
 ^-4 in., stout. 
 
 7. TH, grandiflora, Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 101 ; young parts 
 golden-pubescent, leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate shining above glalDres- 
 cent beneatb, peduncles 2-3-tlowered leaf-opposed, flowers 2-sexual, carpels 
 
 Ghats near Coloor and Gairsoppah, in S. Canara, Beddome. 
 
 A handsome tree. Leaves 4-5 by 1^-2^ in,, thin, coriaceous, axils of nerves beneath 
 hairy and glandular; petiole 4 in. Flowers 2-3 in, diam., ferruginous, snlsesbile; 
 buds globose ; bract close to flower. Sepals small. Outer jntaU broadly elliptic, acute, 
 first white, turning yellow ; inner smaller, deciduous, claw broad, back triangular, white 
 streaked with red. Carpels globose, size of a hazel, l-seeded, tomeutose. — We have 
 seen no specimen. 
 
 16.* ANONA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Flowers solitary or fascicled, terminal or leaf-opposed. 
 JSepals 3, small, valvate. Pttals 3-6, valvate in 2 series, or the inner series 
 wanting : outer triquetrous, base concave. Stamens numerous; anther-cells 
 narrow, dorsal, contiguous, top of connective ovoid. Ovaries n)any, subcon- 
 nate ; style oblong; ovule 1, erect. Ripe carpels confluent intu a many- 
 celled ovoid or globose many-seeded fruit, — Distrib. A large An) crican and 
 African genus, of which various fruiting species or varieties are naturalized 
 in the Old World. 
 
 A. squamosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i, 85 ; leaves oblong obtuse or acu- 
 minate glaucous beneath and pubescent when young, fruit tubercled, Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. ii. 657; W. iL' A. Prodr. 7; Wall. Cat. 6490; U. f. cC- T. Fl. Ind. 
 116; Rfieede Ilort. Mai. iii, 29. 
 
 Naturalized especinllv in the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Tropical America. — 
 (The Custard Apple of India, and Sweet Sop of the W. Indies.) 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 2-3 by f-14 in,, membranous, usually obtuse, base acute. 
 Plowers solitary 1 in. long, pubescent. Petals 3, narrow-oblong. Fruit fleshy, 
 areolate. 
 
 A. reticulata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 85; leaves* oblong or oblong- 
 lanceolate, quite glabrous smooth or roughish beneath, fruit smooth lii^htly 
 areolate. Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 657: Wall. C'lt. 6489; W. dh A. Prodr. 7; 
 II. /. dh T. Fl Ind. 115 ; Rheede Ilort. Mai. iii. t, 30, 31. 
 
 Naturalized in Bengal and elsewhere. — Distrib. Tropical America. (Bullock's- 
 heart or Custard Apple of the W, Indies.) 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 5-8 by 14-2 in., base acute; petiole 4 in- Flowers 2-3 
 together on lateral peduncles. Outer petals as in A. squamosa ; inner very small, 
 narrow-oblong. Fruit subglobose, roughish outside, with pentagonal areoles. 
 
 17. BXEZ^ODORVIIX, Dunal 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Leaves with strong parallel nerves. Flowers terminal 
 axillary and leaf-opposed, solitary fascicled or panicled ; buds triciuctrous. 
 JSepals 3, small, valvate, connate below. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows ; outer 
 plano-convex or trigonous; inner triquetrous above, hollowed below on the 
 inner face. Stamens many ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; top of connec- 
 tive ovoid or quadrate. Carpels many, free ; style oblong ; ovules 2 or more. 
 
Melodorum.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 79 
 
 Ripe carpels berried. — Distrlb. Species about 18; Tropical Asia and 
 Africa. 
 
 Sect. I. IMCelodorum proper. Outei^ petals oblong-ovate or ovate-lan- 
 ceolate. Ovaries tomentose; ovules many. Seeds smooth, often with a 
 raised marginal wing. 
 
 * Leaves very pubescent or tomentose beneath, 
 t Leaves 2nib€scent on both surfaces. 
 
 1. BI. rubi^inosum, E.f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 116; leaves oblong obtuse 
 acute or abruptly acuminate glabrous except the tomentose midrib above, 
 pubescent beneath, outer petals 1-1^ in. narrow oblong, carpels ovoid or 
 globose tomentose stalked. Uvaria rubiginosa. A, DC. Mem. 26 ; WaU. Cat, 
 6465. U. nervosa and U. fulva. Wall, Cat. 6479, 6427. 
 
 From SiLHET and Chittagoxg, H.f. & T., to Tenasserim, Wallich. 
 
 A large climber; branchlets brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-12 by 2-5 in., rather mem- 
 branous ; petiole J-1 in. Flowers axillaiy or in terminal 5-6-flowered leafless panicles, 
 brown-tomentose ; pedicels l-lj in. ; bracts 1-2, supra-median, small, ovate. Sepah 
 short, broad. Outer petals oblong acuminate, tomentose outside, hoary within ; inner 
 narrower, ovate, base concave, limb triquetrous. Carpels 1-1$ in. ; stalk as long or 
 longer. /SeeJs shining. 
 
 2. m. latifolium, Dunal ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 117; leaves ovate or 
 oblong obtuse coriaceous densely pubescent beneath, outer petals f in. 
 oblong-ovate, carpels large ovoid beaked, stalks thick. Wall. Cat. 9411. 
 M. moUissimum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i 354. Uvaria latifolia, BluToe 
 Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 15. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith; Si^cxponB, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Philippines. 
 
 Very near 31. ruhighiosum, but leaves very coriaceous, more tomentose and obtuse, 
 young downy above, flowers smaller broader and shorter, in larger panicles. Carpels 
 3 in., oblong, densely rusty-tomentose, young warted beaked, old smooth; stalks longer. 
 
 3. TfL. lanug-inosum, ff.f. (p T. Fl. Ind. 117; leaves lanceolate or 
 oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate rarely obtuse glabrous except the 
 midrib above densely woolly beneath, outer petals l|-2 in. villous, carpels 
 globose tomentose. Uvaria lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 6454. 
 
 Penang and Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A rambling shrub densely brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by l|-2f in., lower on 
 the branches smaller, base rounded; petiole |-§ in. Flowers terminal or leaf-opposed, 
 in short 3-4-flowered cymes; bracts small, oblong, deciduous; pedicels ^-1 in., brac- 
 teole ovate basal. Sepals 4 in., ovate. Outer petals oblong, tapering to an obtuse 
 point; inner a little shorter, hoary, narrow, base concave, limb long triquetrous. 
 Carpels 1 in. diam. ; stalk ^ in. Setds dimidiate-oblong, shining. 
 
 4. BX. manubr latum, H.f. d- T. Fl. Ind. 118 ; leaves 3-5 in. oblong 
 or oblong-lanceulate acute or acuminate glabrous except the midrib above, 
 densely brown-tomentose beneath, outer petals |-1 in., carpels subglobose 
 densely tomentose. Uvaria manubriata. Wall. Cat. 6456. 
 
 Penang and Malacca, Wallich, &c, 
 
 A woody climber, young branches petioles inflorescence and carpels densely brown- 
 tomentose. Leaoes 3-6 by i\-l% in., base rounded; petiole ^ in. Flowers 1-3, fasci- 
 cled, terminal, or leaf-opposed, pedicels 4-f if'-") hracts oblong, infra-median. Sepals 
 nearly ^ in., ovate acute. Outer petals ovate-oblong, obtuse ; inner a little shorter, 
 dull purple, ovate-lanceolate, hoary, glabrous within. Carpels 4-4 iu., obtuse; stalk 
 rather longer. 
 
80 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Melodorum. 
 
 5. M. verrucosum, H.f. <i; T. Fl. Ind. 119 ; leaves 3-5 in. oblong or 
 lanceolate acute or obtuse glabrous except the midrib above, softly pubes- 
 cent beneath, nerves close-set, carpels subglobose densely warted. 
 
 Kh.asta HiLLB, alt. 1-5000 ft., H.f. & T. 
 
 A large woody climber, young branches and flowers tomento«e. heaven 3-5 by 
 l|-2 in., base hardly rounded, petiole ^-^ in. Flowers 1-5, fascicled, terminal or leaf- 
 opposed, buds shorter and broader than in other species ; bracts ovate or oblong, 
 acute, median. Sepals ovate, acute, (htter petah ^ m., ovate, acute, slightly keeled 
 inside ; inner triangular-oblong, acute, hoary, concave except at the triquetrous tip. 
 Carpels 2 in. diam., pubescent; stalk 4-8 in. — Griffith's t. 652 (of Icones iv.), which 
 is not referred to in the "Notulse," may belong to this species, but the venation diflfers 
 much. 
 
 6. M. GHffithli, //./. <£r T, Fl. Ind. 120; leaves 3-5 in. narrow oblong 
 or lanceolate obtuse or subacute glabrous except the midrib above, rusty- 
 pubescent beneath, tip often retuse, outer petals ^ in. Fissistigma scandens, 
 Grif. Not. iv. 706. 
 
 Tenasserim, Griffith. 
 
 A climbing fhrub ; bark dark grey, spotted white ; young branches and flowers 
 tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by IJ-lf in., base rounded; petiole | in. Flowers 2-4 in., 
 sub-terminal in leaf-opposed fascicles terminating a short peduncle: pedicels ^-^in. ; 
 bracteole, median, orbicular, small. Sepals orbicular, obtuse. Outer petals \ in. ; 
 inner a little shorter, red-brown, glabrou.s or puberulous. — Kesembies Uvarla sphcero- 
 carpa, HI., wl^ich is a Melodorum, but the flower of that plant and the fruit of this are 
 unknown. 
 
 7. W. bioolor, H.f. dh T. Fl. Ind 110; leaves 4-8 in. oblong or lan- 
 ceolate, lower on each branch obtuse upper acute glabrous except the midrib 
 above silky beneath, outer petals 1 in., carpels globose subglabrous. Uvaria 
 bicolor, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 662 {not of Wall. Cat.). 
 
 From the base of the Sikkim Himalaya and Khasia hills to Ajwam and AvA. 
 
 A large woody climber; young branches and flowers tomentose. Leaves 4-8 bjr 
 2-3 in.; petiole |-^ in. Flowers 1-3, in leaf-opposed fascicles; pedicels ^-l in.; brac- 
 teole small, basal. Sepals ovate. Outer petals villous, ovate-lanceolate ; inner rather 
 shorter and narrower, f^labrous, red. Carpels 1 in. diam., mucronate ; stalk \-k in. — 
 Very near M. vianuhriatum, but with usually larger, more obtuse leaves, more lateral 
 flowers, and more globose bhorter-slalked fruit. 
 
 8. BI. Maing>ayii, 77. / <(• T. ; branchlets pubescent, leaves broad- 
 elliptic or oblong rounded at both ends or tip apiculate glabrous above 
 glaucous and finely pubescent beneath, flowers l.^ in. solitary, calyx orbi- 
 cular, carpels oblong straight-beaked. 
 
 Penano, Maingay. 
 
 A scandent shrub; branches black. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., hard, coriaceous, red- 
 brown when dry, opaque above with a slender downy midrib, nerves many, much 
 diverging, slender; petiole i-§ in. Floicers axillary, cernuous, appressed, brown- 
 pubiscent; buds with a swollen base ^ in. diam. and trigonous curved beak; pedicel 
 \-^ in., stout, curved ; bract small, broad, half amplexicaul. Calyx a disk, ^ in. diam. 
 Outer petals flat bat keeled down the middle inside, compressed 3-gonous ; base exca- 
 vated; inner very small, triangular-ovate, glabrous. Stamens very mAny, small, trun- 
 cate. Torus conical, low, top depressed Ovaries about 6, silky ; stigma subsessile. 
 Carpels 14-2 by f in., rusty puberulous, walls thick ; stalk 4 in., stout, straight. Seeds 
 J in., many, 2-seriate, horizontal ; testa shining, not margiued. 
 
 9. BI. cyllndrlcum, Maingay mss. ; branches rusty pubescent, leaves 
 oblon^j elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above brown and 
 
Melodorum.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 81 
 
 'puberulous beneath, flowers \ in. solitary, calyx obtusely triangular, carpels 
 cylindric rough ends rounded. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches very dark. Leaves 3-4^ by 1^-lf, base rounded, coriaceous, hard, mid- 
 rib slender, puberulous, nerves many slender diverging; petiole 4-| in., pubescent. 
 £^lowers axillary, cernuous ; buds short, pyramidal, appressed brown-pubescent ; pe- 
 duncle short, thick, bract obscure. Calyx j in. diam. Outer petals triangular-ovate, 
 3-quetrous, base excavated ; inner very small indeed, triangular, glabrous. Torus as 
 in 31. Maingayi. Top of connective orbicular. Ovaries 4-6, silky-pubescent. Ripe 
 carpels 1-lf by ^-^ in., curved, brown-pubescent, walls very thin; stalk ^ in., stout. 
 Seeds many, ^ in. long, 2-seriate, horizontal, testa shining, not margined ; aril small, 
 cartilaginous. 
 
 ** Leaves glabrous or minutely sparsely pubescent beneath, (See also 
 Maingayi and cyli7idricum.) 
 
 t Flowers in terminal or leaf-ojypo&ed cymes or fascicles. 
 
 10. Til. Wallichii, H. /. d; T.Fl. Ind. 118 ; leaves narrow oblong-lan- 
 ceolate acute or acuminate sparsely pilose beneath veins distant, outer petals 
 f in. carpels subglobose tomentose. — Uvaria bicolor. Wall. Gat. 6466, not of 
 Roxh. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, in Assam and Silhet, Wallich, &c. 
 
 A large woody climber, youiig parts with slight golden pubescence. Leaves Ar-1 by 
 I5-24 in., base rounded, pale beneath and hairy chiefly on the midrib and distant 
 nerves; petiole ^ in. Flowers 1-3, in terminal or leaf-opposed fascicles ; pedicels 
 4 in. ; bracts 1-2, ovate, basal. Sepals small, ovate. Outer petals, oblong-lanceolate ; 
 inner one-third shorter, hoary, brown-purple. Carpels (mature ?) 4 in- diam., obliquely 
 raucronate ; stalk 1 in. 
 
 11. TSt. polyanthum, H. f. d- T. Fl. Ind, 121 ; leaves narrow oblong 
 or lanceolate usually acute at both ends minutely pubescent beneath, outer 
 petals i in. Uvaria polyantha, Wall. Cat. 64:67 . 
 
 Forests of the Khasia hills, Silhet, and Assam. 
 
 A large woody climber; branches blackish, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by I-I4 in. or 
 8-10 by 2-3| in., acute or sharply acuminate, pale beneath; petiole 5-^ in., glabrate. 
 Floivers small, 3-7, in leaf-opposed cymes ; peduncle short, woody, hoary, soon 
 glabrate ; pedicels 5 in., with a basal scale and a median orbicular deciduous bracteole. 
 Sepjals ovate, subacute, hoary. Outer petals ovate, silky outside ; inner about half the 
 size, pubescent without, glabrous within. 
 
 12. in. rufinerve, i/. / ^ T. Fl. Ind. 121 ; leaves 6-10 in. long obtuse 
 or acute glabrous glaucous beneath, flowers minute. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; forests between Silhet and Cachar, E.f. & T. 
 
 A large woody climber ; branches glabrous ; buds golden-pubescent. Leaves 6-10 
 by 2|-4 in., base rounded or retuse ; petiole glabrous, ^-§ in. Buds minute, in pubes- 
 cent leaf-o])posed cymes ; pedicels ^ in.j bracteole small, median. — A very distinct 
 species, in an immature condition. 
 
 tt Flowers axillary^ solitary, or ap'pearing racemose only through the fall 
 of the floral leaves. 
 
 13. Va. prismaticum, ff.f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 121 ; leaves 5-9 in. oblong 
 rounded or abruptly acuminate glabrous brown beneath, sepals connate, 
 outer petals narrow 2 in., carpels oblong obtuse tubercled glabrous. — Uvaria 
 prismatica, Wall. Cat. 6455. Pyramidanthe rufa, Miq. Ann. ii. 39. 
 
 Penang, Malacca and Sincapoke, Wallich, &c.— Distiub. Borneo. 
 VOL. 1. G 
 
82 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Melodonm, 
 
 A large woody climber; branches black, glabrons ; buds puberulous. Leaves 5-9 by 
 2|-4 in., much smaller at the base of the branches, thickly coriaceous, base rounded, 
 puberulous on the midrib beneath ; petiole ^-f in* Floicers axillary, solitary; pedicel 
 \ in. ; bracteoles small, linear, subbasal. Calyx a slightly 3-lobed cup. Outer petals 
 2 in. tapering from a common base to a long triquetrous point, rusty-pubescent outside, 
 hoary inside ; inner \-^ in., ovate, acute, glabrate, concave except the triquetrous tip. 
 " Ovaries 4-6, strigose, 4- or more-ovuled," Maingay. Carpels ^-1 4 in. long ; stalk 
 i-li in. 
 
 , 14. HI. fulgrens, n.f. d- T. FL Ind. 120 ; leaves 3-4 in. oblong-lanceo- 
 late acuminate glabrous except the midrib above pale and appressed pubes- 
 cent beneath, outer petals \ in. ovate concave, carpels subglobose silky 
 shining. — Uvaria fulgens and Myristica Finlaysoniana, Walt. Cat. 6482 and 
 6793. 
 
 Malacca and Sikcapore. — Distrib. Borneo, Philippines. 
 
 A large woody climber (small tree, Maingay) ; branches glabrous, young silky. 
 Leaves 2-4 by 1-1^ in., base rounded or subacute ; petiole ^^ in., silky. Floicers 
 tawny-orange, solitary or in 8ubract'mos6 terminal panicles (through the fall of the 
 floral leaves) ; pedicels ^^ '"i golden-tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, linear, upper sub- 
 orbicular. Sepals orbicular, acute. Outer petals ^ in., ovate, golden-silky outside, 
 hoary within, with a large concave glabrous basal area ; inner oblong, acute, glabrous. 
 Avtliers purple, appendage long. Ovaries strigose. Bipe carpels 14 in- ^^ Seeds 
 flattened not scrobiculate." Maingay. 
 
 Sect. IL Kentla. Flowers axillary, solitary. Outer petals orbicular, 
 with broad much tliickened margins. Ovaries glabrous, pellucid-glandular ; 
 ovules detinite or indefinite. iSeeds pitted. 
 
 15. m, elegrans, 77./. <fr T, Fl. Ind. 122; leaves lanceolate acuminate 
 
 flabrous above paler and puberulous beneath, carpels oblong or subglobose. 
 Jvaria elegans, Wall. Cat. 6474 A. 
 
 Pexaxo, Wallich ; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Acliml>er; branches slender, glabnuis, black; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves Z-A 
 by l-lj in.; coriaceous, base rounded or acute ; petiole 4 in. glabrous. Peduncles 
 slender ; bracteoles 2-3, minute, basal. Sepals small, ovate, acute, persistent. Obiter 
 petals \ in., ovate, subacute, brown silky outside, hoary inside ; inner much smaller, 
 ovate, thick, back keeled, fringed round the basal hollow, triquetrous and hoary above 
 the middle. Ovaries 8-10-ovuled. CarpeU 4 in., stalk as long. — Very like M. Kcntii, 
 H. f. & T., of Java {Polyaithia, Blume), but that plant is 2-ovuled. 
 
 16. nx. pisocarpum, //./. <f: T. Fl. Ind. 123 ; leaves broad-ovate or 
 -oblonc? enuu'ginate glabrous above reticulate and puberulous beneath, car- 
 pels pisiform granulate glabrate. Uvaria mabiformis, Griff. Notid. iv. 709. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. * 
 
 A shrub, probably climbing; branches glabrous; buds golden-silky. Leaves lf-3 
 by Ij-lf in., coriaceous, base rounded or subacute; petiole ^ in. Peduncles ^-4 in., 
 slender, hardly downy ; bracteoles 2, minute, scale-like, basal ; buds subglobose, ob- 
 tusely triquetrous. Sepals small, ovate, acute. Outer petals \ in. broad, ovate, sub- 
 orbicular, golden-sjlky outside, hoary inside ; inner about half as long, narrow-oblong. 
 Ovaries 2-ovuled. Carpels \ in. diam., globose ; stalk the same length. " Seeds 2, 
 scrobiculate, arilled." Maingay. 
 
 18. Xiri-OFZA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers axillary, solitary cymose or 
 fascicled ; buds triquetrous, conic, often slender. Sepals 3, valvate, connate. 
 Fetals 6, elongate, valvate in 2 series ; outer flat or concave ; inn«r nearly 
 
Xi/hpia.] IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 88 
 
 as long, 3-gonous, concave at the base only. Tcyrus flat, or hollow and en- 
 closing the carpels. Stamens oblong, truncate or connective produced; 
 anther-cells remote or contiguous, usually septate, with a large pollen-grain 
 in each cellule. Ovaries 1 or more ; style long, clavate ; ovules 2-6 or 
 more, 1-2-seriate. Ripe carpels long or short, continuous or moniliform, 
 usually several-seeded.— DiSTRiB. Tropics generally ; species 30-40. — Closely 
 allied to Melodorum, but very different in habit. 
 
 Sect. I. Kabzella, Alph, DO. (Gen.). Torm flat or slightly concave. 
 Mipe carpels cylindric or obovoidL 
 
 , 1. X. ferrugrinea, ff. f. S T. Fl. Ind. 123 (Habzelia) ; leaves uarrow- 
 oblong acute glabrous and shining above glaucous beneath and rusty- 
 pubescent on the veins, peduncles solitary or geminate, carpels cylindric 
 slender subtorulose. Artabotrys malayana, Griff. Notul. iv. 713. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 A flexuous ramose shrub; branchlets rusty-pubescent. Leat^es 5-7 by l|-2 in,, 
 base oblique rounded or subcordate, much reticulate ; petiole J-^ in. Flowers pen- 
 dulous, yellow, fragrant ; peduncles f-l;^ in., rusty-pubescent. Sepah ovate, acute. 
 Outer petals J in., taper-pointed, yellow-tome ntose ; inner shorter, narrower, triquetrous 
 above, base contracted. Anthers with a long narrow process, cells septate. Ovaries 
 many golden stiigose. Carpels 4-4 in., blood-red. Seeds ovoid, aril 0. 
 
 2. X. oxyantha, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 124 (Habzelia) ; leaves ovate or 
 oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous glaucous below, peduncles fascicled 
 axillary. Uvaria oxyantha, Wall. Cat. 6478. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich. 
 
 A tree ; branches glabrous ; young parts puberulous. Leaves 7-8 by 2\-B\ in. ; 
 petiole ^ in. Flowers more than 1 in. long, peduncles \-\ in., appressed downy. 
 Sepals broad-ovate. Outer petals l^-li iii-> naiTow-linear, pubescence yellowish ap- 
 pressed, back slightly keeled. 
 
 3. X. malayana, H.f. dh T. Fl. Lid. 125 ; leaves oblong obtusely acu- 
 minate glabrous reticulate beneath, peduncles very short 3-5-flowered, sepals 
 united to the middle, carpels cylindric-oblong obtuse pubescent. Pararta- 
 botrys sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ned. Lid. Suppl. i. 374. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 A tree; branches slender, glabrous; buds pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in,, coria- 
 ceous, base acute, pale-brown when dry beneath ; petiole ^-^ in. Floioers ^-1 in. 
 long, triquetrous ; peduncles, axillary, 1-bracteate; pedicels short and brown-tamentose. 
 Sepals ovate, acute. Outer petals linear, inner shorter. Connective prolonged ; 
 anther-cells septate. Ovaries b-1, strigose, 2-ovuled (6-oviiled, Maingay). Carpels 
 ^-1 in., many-seeded ; stalk short, thick. 
 
 4. X. obtusifolia, H.f. S T. ; leaves oblong obtuse or retuse glabrous 
 and shining above brown-silky beneath, cymes subracemose, sepals acute 
 united to the middle. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 A tree ; branches glabrous ; buds rather silky. Leaves 2-3 by I-I4 in., coriaceous, 
 base acute ; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers like those of X. malayana in shape and size, 
 brown-silky. Cymes i-4 in. ; pedicels ^ in., rather silky, with a median and basal 
 bracteole. Ovules 4-5. 
 
 5. X. fusca, Maingay rriss. ; branches glabrous, leaves small elliptic- or 
 linear-oblong obtuse coriaceous glabrous, nerves faint reticulate, flowers 
 
 g2 
 
84 IV. ANONACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) {Xylopia, 
 
 solitary racemed or fascicled, pedicel and subentire calyx rarely pubescent, 
 petals brown-silky, ovaries 4-5. 
 
 Malacca, Main gay. 
 
 A tree ; branches rather stout black, tips and very young leaves silky, shining. 
 Leaves 2-3 by f-1 in., base acute, opaque above, rather darker beneath, midrib 
 sometimes puberulous ; petiole J in., stout. Flowers f in., pendent ; peduncle ^1 in., 
 stout, curved; bracts few, minute, pedicels short, stout, ebracteolate. Petals shining; 
 outer linear from a rather broader base, concave ; inner rather shorter, narrower, 3- 
 gonous, base excavated. Top of connective oblong ; anther-cells not septate, lateral. 
 Ovaries cohering in a cone on the slightly concave torus, golden silky ; style short, 
 subulate ; ovides 10-12, 2-seriate. 
 
 6. X. mag'na. Maingay mss. ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse or 
 acute glabrous above softly pubescent beneath coriaceous, flowers solitary or 
 racemes terminal, sepals united beyond the middle, carpels obliquely ovoid 
 or obovoid compressed puberulous. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; branches black, glabrous, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2^ in., 
 base obtuse or rounded, thick, above dull, beneath very opaque, brown, nerves faint ; 
 petiole ^^-^ in. Flowers 5 in. long, white, slender; peduncles very short. Sepals 
 united into a broad acutely-lobed cup, ferruginous. Petals hoary, subequal ; outer very 
 narrow, subulate, flat ; inner more slender, base concave. Torus concave. Anthers 
 rose-coloured, slender, cells septate, tip orbicular. Ovaries strigose ; style slender, 
 Btigma hairy; crvules 4. Carpels 1^ in., walls thick; stalk very short; torus \ in. 
 diam. Seeds about 4, superposed, arillate, testa osseous. 
 
 Sect. II. Euzylopia. T(yrus much hollowed, bearing the stamens 
 outside and enclosing the ovaries. 
 
 7. X. parvifolia, //. /. d' T. Fl. Ind. 125 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate glabrous shining above pale beneath, nedicels fascicled clothed 
 with bracteoles, sepals united to the middle, cari)els obovoid or oblong sub- 
 sessile pubescent. Thwaites Enum. 9 ; Beddoine Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 43. Pa- 
 tonia parvifolia, Wight III. 19. 
 
 Southern parts of Ceylon. 
 
 A tree ; young branches brown-pubescent. Leaves 2-3 by f-l| in., coriaceous, base 
 acute ; petiole ^ in. Flowers ^ in. long, in axillary 3-5 flowered subsessile fascicles, 
 pubescence brown appressed ; pedicels very short ; bracteoles orbicular, the upper close 
 to the calyx. Sepals acute. Ovaries 5, 4-6-ovuled. Carpels 1-1^ in. Seeds oblong, 
 smooth; imbedded in pulp (arillate?). — {Patorda Walkeri, Wight 111. I.e., is a species 
 of Diospyros.) 
 
 8. ^. nigricans, II. /. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves broad lanceolate 
 obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above pale beneath, peduncles 2-3 
 together axillary, bracteoles 2-3 deciduous, sepals free, carpels as in X. par- 
 vifolia. Thwaiies Enum. 9, 398 ; Beddome Ic* Fl. Ind. Or. t. 44. 
 
 Ceylon ; at Trincomalee, Glenie; and in the Doombera district, Thwaiies. 
 
 A tree; branches glabrous ; young puberulous. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1^ in., thin, coria- 
 ceous, base acute ; petiole \ in. Flowers ^ in. long, pubescence ochreous, appressed ; 
 pedicels ^-| in., short, slender, downy. Ovaries 5, about 4-ovuled. 
 
 9. X. Championii, H.f. & T.Fl. Ind. 126 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- 
 lanceolate acuminate pcUucid-dotted glabrous and shining above puberulous 
 beneath, peduncles solitary, sepals united almost to the tips, carpels oblong 
 5-ribbed short-stalked. Ihwaites Enum. 9 ; Beddoine Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 45. 
 
^lopiaJ] IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 65 
 
 Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Eatnapoora districts, Gardner, &c. 
 
 A tree ; branches slender, glabrous ; buds rather silky. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1| in., thin, 
 coriaceous, base acute, pale beneath ; petiole ^-| in. Flowers 1 in. long, pale ochreous 
 or reddish, tomentose, triquetrous, broader than in its congeners ; pedicels ^ in., brown- 
 silky ; bracteoles 2-3, minute, basal. Calyx slightly 3-lobed. Petals triquetrous above ; 
 inner narrower, one-third shorter. Ovary solitary, 4-ovuied. Cartels 1| in. Seeds 
 enveloped in pulp. 
 
 10. X. caudata, R.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves oblong or lanceolate 
 long obtusely acuminate tip mucronate glabrous except the midrib above 
 silky beneath, peduncles 1-3 very short axillary bracteolate at the base and 
 under the calyx, sepals connate at the base, carpels subglobose or ovoid pu- 
 bescent short-stalked. Guatteria 1 caudata, Wall. Cat. 6452. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 A small leaved, much branched shrub, or small tree; branchlets hoary. Leaves 
 1^-3^ by |-1 in., thin, coriaceous, pellucid-punctate, grey beneath; petioje jV i^- 
 Flowers l-^ in, long, subsessile. Sepals hoary. Petals silky, about equal in length, 
 very slender. Ovaries 2, silky hairy, 2-ovuled ; styles long, clavate, glabrous, exserted. 
 Carpels 2-3, 4 in., 2-seeded. 
 
 11. X. pustulata, H.f. <&; T. ; branches pustulate, leaves small elliptic 
 glabrous tip narrowed obtuse dark beneath, nerves faint, peduncles solitary 
 or geminate very short, sepals united to the middle. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ? ; branches pale, minutely white-dotted, glabrous. Leaves 1-2 by |-1 in., 
 base acute, coriaceous, thick, hardly shining above with obscure veins, reddish-brown 
 and reticulated beneath, nerves and venules all alike ; petiole ^ in. Flowers 4 in. 
 long, many, axillary, pendent ; bracts basal, orbicular, ciiiate, deciduous ; buds obtuse. 
 Sepals short, ovate, subacute, rusty-pubescent. Petals densely appressed pubescent ; 
 outer linear from a rather broader concave base, obtuse ; inner much narrower, rather 
 shorter, trigonous with a broader excavated base. Stamens outside the torus, linear; 
 anther-cells long, septate, top of connective rounded. Ovaries 5-8, sunk in the concave 
 top of the torus, strigose ; style slender, clavate ; ovules several. 
 
 12. X. niaing-ayi, //./. (b T. ; branches rusty-pubescent, leaves small 
 elliptic or elliptic-oblong glabrous subacute or obtusely acuminate, nerves 
 very finely reticulate, flowers solitary, peduncles very short and calyx rusty- 
 tomentose, buds hooked, ovaries many. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; branches minutely white-dotted. Leaves 2-3 by 1-lJ in., base subacute, 
 coriaceous, pale above, darker beneath, nerves very slender reticulate on both surfaces ; 
 petiole slender, \-\ in. Flowers 1-1 4 in. long, pendent, pale-orange ; peduncle very 
 short, stout, curved, and calyx rusty- tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, orbicular, persistent. 
 Sepals connate to the middle. Outer petals flat, very narrow, subacute, base concave, 
 silky tomentose ; inner as long, very narrow, 3-gonous, base excavated. Anther-cells 
 septate, tip of connective rose-coloured, rounded. Ovaries about 9, immersed in the 
 torus, style glabrate ; ovules 6. 
 
 13. X. dicarpa, H.f. ch T. ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate 
 obtuse or obtusely acuminate glabrous, nerves very finely reticulate, flowers 
 solitary or geminate, pedicels short and calyx glabrous, sepals connate to the 
 middle, ovaries 2. 
 
 Singapore, Maingay, 
 
 A tree?; branches dark, minutely dotted. Leaves 3-4J by 1|-1| in., base acute, 
 firm, coriaceous ; nerves oblique, finely reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole \ in. 
 Flowers 14 in., pendent, peduncle very stout; bracteoles 1-3, orbicular, amplexicaul. 
 Sepals obtuse, tubercled. Petals hoary, outer narrow from a rather broader base, 
 
86 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Xylopia, 
 
 concave ; inner narrower, 3-gonous. Stamens many, inner imperfect ; anther-cells sep- 
 tate ; tip of connective rounded. Ovary sunk in the torus, pilose ; style short ; ovulea 
 many. 
 
 14. X. elliptica, MaingayTms. ; branches glabrous, leaves small elliptic 
 obtuse membranous glabrous, tip rounded, nerves faint reticulate, flowers 
 small solitary erect pubescent, sepals subacute united to the middle, ovaries 
 1-3. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A lofty tree ; trunk thick ; branches glabrous, almost black ; branchlets pubescent. 
 Leaves 1^-2 by 1:^-1 4 in., base obtuse or acute, pale on both surfaces, browner beneath ; 
 petiole \ in., puberulous. Flowers 4-f in., slender; peduncle half as long or shorter, 
 and calyx rusty-pubescent ; bratcs metlian, minute. Petals pale brown-tomentose ; 
 outer linear subulate, from a rather broad base, concave ; inner trigonous, base exca- 
 vated. /Stamens minute. Ovaries sunk in the deeply urceolate torus, hidden amongst 
 long white hairs ; ovules 4-6. 
 
 19. MZX.ZUSA, Leschenault. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Flowers 1-2-sexual. green or red, axillary or extra- 
 axillary, solitary fascicled or cymose. SejxiU 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, 
 valvate in 2 series; outer smaller, like the sepals; inner cohering when 
 young by the margins, at length free. Torus elongated, cylindric. Stamens 
 definite or indefinite; anthers subdidymous ; cells contiguous, ovoid, ex- 
 trorse ; connective hardly apiculate. Ovaries indefinite, linear-oblong ; 
 style oblong or very short ; ovules 1-2. rarely 3-4. Ripe carjjtls globose or 
 oblong, 1- many-seeded. — Distrib. Species 7 ; aU Indian. 
 
 1. XMC. mlicrocarpa, //. /. d^ T. Fl. Ind. 150; leaves lanceolate or 
 narrow-oblong long-acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers bisexual ? 
 solitary or in leafy cymes, sepals and outer petals large ovate ^ in., carpels 
 glabrous long-stalked. 
 
 SiKKiM-HiMALAYA ; KiiAsiA mLL8, Simons. 
 
 A small tree ; branches glabrous. Leaves 4-9 by 1^-2^ in., thin, coriaceouR, pale 
 beneath ; petiole j^-^ in. Flowers subterminal or leaf-opposed ; ])eduncle 2-3 in., clavate 
 upwards. Outer petals o\&te, glabrous, granulate outside, edges and inside appressed- 
 pubescent ; inner § in., lengthening much after expansion, glabrous, ciiiate. Ovaries 
 oblong, silky ; style oblong, glabrous ; ovules 1-2. Carpels 1 in., dark-purple, fleshy ; 
 stalk as long, 1 -seeded, or 2-seeded and twice as broad. — Differs from its congeners in 
 the large sepals and outer petals ; inner petals very small in bud. 
 
 2. M. indica, Lesch. in A. DC. Mem. Soc, Genev. v. 36 ; leaves ovate or 
 ovate-cordate obtuse or lanceolate and acute or acuminate glabrous or pubes- 
 cent beneath, flowers 2-sexual axillary solitary, inner petals oblong subacute, 
 carpels pisiform subsessile. W. d' A. Frodr. 10 ; Wall. Cat. 6433 ; //. /. d: 
 T. Fl. Ind. 148 ; Beddome Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 85. M. montana, Gardner ex 
 Fl. Ind. I.e. ; Thwaites Enum. 4; Beddome I.e. t. 84. 
 
 Malabar, Maisor, and Ceylon, in the Central Province, Gardner. 
 
 A much branched very variable shrub ; branches strigose, tomentose or glabrate. 
 Leaves 1-2^ by %-\\ in., base generally oblique, coriaceous ; petiole obsolete. Flowers 
 greenish, pnrple near the base ; pedicel ^-| in., " slender ; bracteoles several, basal. 
 Outer petals G({uaX\vag or 2-3 times exceeding the oblong subacute inner. Ovaries 
 1-2-ovuled. 
 
 Var, 1. tomentosa ; branchlets and leaves beneath tomentose, carpels pubescent. 
 
 Var. 2. strigose; branchlets and leaves beneath strigose, carpels glabrous. 
 
 Yab. 3. montana; branchlets and much smaller leaves glabrous. 
 
Miliusa.] iv. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 87 
 
 3. Hfl. zeylanica, Gard. ex H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 149 ; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate young puberulous beneath, flowers 
 2-sexual axillary solitary, inner petals narrow oblong taper-pointed, carpels 
 pisiform subsessile. Thwaites Enum. 61 ; Beddome Ic. Fl. Fid. Or. t. 89. 
 
 Ceylon ; southern parts of the Island, Walker, &c. 
 
 A small tree; branches rugose, young strigose or downy. . Leaves 2-4 by l-\\ i^-» 
 coriaceous, rigid, base somewhat oblique rounded or retuse, midrib downy above, when 
 old glabrous on both surfaces; petiole iV-^ in., strigose. Flowers |-1 in. long; 
 peduncle short, downy ; bracteoles several, basal. Sepals and outer petals oblong, 
 hardly acute, softly ciliate ; inner petals narrow-oblong, greenish-yellow, base purple. — • 
 Closely allied to M. indica; but leaves longer and petals narrower. 
 
 4. VfL, Wig-htiana, H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 149 ; leaves narrow-oblong or 
 oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, shining above, flowers poly- 
 gamous axillary, inner petals oblong subacute, carpels pisiform or oblong 
 glabrous granulate. Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 86. 
 
 Hill forests of Tinivelly and Travancor, Wight, &c. 
 
 A small tree, bark rough ; branches glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by §-1 in., thin, coria- 
 ceous, pale beneath; petiole ^^ in. Flowers like those of M. indica; peduncles 
 1-2 in., slender ; bracteoles 1-2, minute, basal. Ovaries 1-2-ovuled. Carpels 1-2- 
 seeded ; stalks as long or longer. 
 
 5. DX. Roxburg'hiana, H. f. dh T. Fl. Ind. 150 ; leaves oblong or 
 oblong-lanceolate abruptly acuminate shining above glabrous or tomentose 
 beneath, flowers 1-3 together dioecious axillary, inner petals ovate obtuse, 
 carpels ovoid or pisiform and glabrous. M. Wallichiana, H. f. S T. I.e. 149. 
 Uvaria dioica, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 659. Guatteria globosa, A. DC. Mem. Boc. 
 Genev. v. 43 ; Wall. Cat. 6448. Hyalostemma Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat, 
 6434 ; Gi^iff. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. iv. t. 653. 
 
 SiKKiM, Assam, and the Khasia hills to Tenasserim. 
 
 A small tree ; branches softly pubescent ; leaves beneath pedicels and calyx glabl*ou8 
 or densely pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, lower on the branch 
 smaller, subobtuse ; petiole obsolete. Pedicels ^-14 in-) sometimes on a short peduncle, 
 slender ; bracts several, linear. Sepals lanceolate. Inner petals 1 in., ovate, obtuse, 
 blood-red, veins dark. Carpels 1- rarely 2-seeded; stalk % in. 
 
 6. IMC. velutina, H.f. <h T. Fl. Ind. 151 ; leaves ovate or oblong acute 
 or acuminate tomentose on both surfaces, flowers 2-sexual subracemose, inner 
 petals ovate, carpels ovoid downy short-stalked. Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or, 
 t. 87. Uvaria velutina, Dunal Anon. 91. U. villosa, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 664. 
 Guatteria velutina, A. DC. Mem. Sac. Genev. v. 42 ; Wall. Cat. 6441. 
 
 Garwhal, Behar, Malwah, Orissa, Malabar, and Pegu. 
 
 A large tree; yovmg branches densely tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in., lower on 
 the branches smaller and often obtuse, base obliquely cordate ; petiole -^-^ in. Flowers 
 3-6, in leaf-opposed cymes or in short few-leaved branches; pedicels 2-4 in., slender, 
 tomentose ; bracts minute, basal deciduous. Sepals and outer petals small, ovate ; 
 inner petals \ in., ovate, dark brown, glabrous inside. Carpels size of a cherry. 
 
 ^ 7. IMC. nilag'irica, Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 88 ; leaves lanceolate 
 linear-lanceolate or elliptic taper- pointed glabrous, peduncles axillary gla- 
 brous,^! inner petals broadly ovate-lanceolate, stamens 8 1-seriate, carpels 
 pisiform glabrous. 
 
 Northern slopes of the Nilgiris, alt. 5000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A large shrub; branches glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by |-1| in., narrowed and obtusely 
 pointed at both ends, coriaceous; petiole \-^ in. Flowers | in. long; peduncles 
 
88 IV. ANONACE-s;. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [M'dmsa. 
 
 ^-1 in.; bracteoles 2-3, basal. Sepals find, outer petals subequal, ciliate; inner petals 
 glabrous except tbe thickened margin near the tip. Ovaries about 13, glabrous ; style 
 oblong or globose ; ovules 1-2. Carpels pisiform ; stalks ^-^ in. 
 
 20. SACCOFETAZiUM, Bennett. 
 
 Trees. Leaves deciduous. Flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled. Sepals 
 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer small, like the sepals ; 
 inner much larger, erect or conniving, base saccate. Staim'ns indefinite ; 
 anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; connective produced into a conspicnous 
 appendage. Ovaries indefinite ; ovules 6 or more. Rij^e carpels subglo- 
 bose.— DiSTRiB. Species 5, Eastern Asiatic, with one Australian. — Reduced 
 to Miliusa by Baillon (Hist, des Plantes, 244). 
 
 1. S. long-iflorum, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 151 ; leaves ovate-oblong or 
 oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above appressed pubescent beneath, 
 peduncles very short solitary in the old axils, inner petals oblong-lanceolate, 
 carpels glabrous. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, near Pumeah, Hamilton. 
 
 A tree ; branchlets puberulous. Leaves 8 by 3 in,, thin, coriaceous, appressed-pnbes- 
 cent beneath ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles \ in. ; downy. S<pals and outer petals J in., 
 oblong ; inner petals 1 1 in,, tapering to an obtuse point, thin, downy, base subsaccate. 
 Carpels 1-1^ in. diam., berried, black ; stalk ^ in. 
 
 2. S. toznentosum, //./. d- T. Fl, Ind. 152 ; leaves ovate or ovate- 
 oblong acute glabrous above except the midrib pubescent or tomentose 
 beneath, flowers cymose, peduncles long, inner petals oblong obtuse. Bed- 
 dome Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 49. Uvaria tomentosa, Roxb. Cor. Fl. i. t. 35 ; 
 Fl. Ind. ii. 667 ; Wall. Cat. 6472 ; W. dc A. Prodr. 8. 
 
 Terai of Nepal at Gorakpore, OaissA, and Behab, from the Concaji to 
 Travancor. 
 
 A large tree; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 24-3 in., sometimes glabrous 
 ■when old, base obliquely cordiite, pale beneath ; petiole | in. Floxoers few, in leaf- 
 opposed or subterminal cymes, appearing with the leaves in short leafy branches ; 
 peduncles 2-3 in., slender, downy. Sepals and outer petals ^ in. ; inner petals § in., 
 oblong, obtuse, downy. Carpels 1 in. diam,, purple, 3-4-seeded ; stalk ^ in. — Inter- 
 mediate between Miliusa and Saccupetalum. 
 
 3? S. sclerocarpum, U.f.d: T.; leaves ovate or oblong obtuse or 
 obtusely acuminate glabrous.— Uvaria sclerocarpa, ^1. DC. in Mem. Genev. 
 v. 27 ; Wall Cat. 6461 ; //./. d T. Fl. Ind. 103. 
 
 Martaban,* Wallick. 
 
 A tree, branches glabrous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in,, thin, coriaceous, base a little 
 ciliate. Unripe ca/y>efe 4-§ i"-> ovoid, subacute, glabrous; stalks rather longer, — A 
 very imperfectly known plant ; certainly not a Uvaria. 
 
 21. AZ.PKONSEA, H. f. & T. 
 
 Lofty trees. Leaves thick, coriaceous, glabrous shining. Flowers small 
 or middle-sized, in leaf-opposed rarely extra-axillary peduncled fascicles. 
 Sq^ds 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series, larger than the sepals, 
 equal or the inner rather smaller. Torus cylindric or hemispheric. Stamens 
 indefinite, loosely packed ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; connective api- 
 culate. Ovaries 1 or more ; style oblong or depressed ; ovules 4-ti, in 2 
 
Alp7wnsea.\ iv. anonace^e. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 89 
 
 series on the ventral suture. Carpels subsessile or stalked. — Distrib. 
 Species 3, all Indian. — Baillon Hist. 215, unites this genus with Bocagea. 
 
 1. A. ventricosa, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 152 ; leaves narrow-oblong long- 
 acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers in fascicled short racemes, pedi- 
 cels ^1 in. bracteolate at the base and middle, carpels tomentose long- 
 stalked.— Uvaria ventricosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 658 ; Wall. Cat. 6453. 
 
 Assam, Chittagong, Andamans, Penang. 
 
 A lofty tree; branches glabrous, young brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by 14-4 in., 
 base rounded or subacute, young pubescent on the midrib, pale and conspicuously 
 veined beneath ; petiole \ in., puberulous. Mowers numerous, greenish-white, odorous ; 
 racemes tomentose; pedicels 4-1 in., with an ovate median and basal bracteole. /Sepals 
 small, broad ovate, connate below. Petals | in., ovate-oblong, brown-tomentose outside. 
 Ovaries about 10, villous ; style oblong. Carpels 1-1 4 in. diam. ; ovoid or subglobose ; 
 stalk nearly as long. 
 
 2. iL. lutea, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 153; leaves ovate-oblong glabrous ob- 
 tusely acuminate, flowers subcapitate, carpels tomentose subsessile. Thwaites 
 Enum. 399 ; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 91. Uvaria lutea, Roxb, Cor. PI. i. 
 t. 36; Fl. Ind. ii. 666 {not of Wall, nor W. <^ A), Uvaria Russellii, Wall. 
 Cat. 6464. 
 
 From SiLHET to Pegu, Beddome ; mountains of Orissa ; Ceylon, Keigam Corle, 
 Thwaites. 
 
 A tree ; young branches brown-pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in-, l>ase rounded, 
 pale and conspicuously nerved beneath with puberulous costa and nerves ; petiole 
 \-\ in., and midrib at first pubescent. Flowers in dense leaf-opposed fascicles ; 
 peduncle and very short pedicels densely brown-tomentose. Sepals orbicular. Petals 
 \ in., ovate, densely tomentose. Ovaries about 10, densely villous; style oblong. 
 Carpels I-I4 in., broad ovoid, obtuse at both ends; stalk very short. 
 
 3. A. zeylanica, H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 153 (incorrect as to fruit) ; leaves 
 lanceolate acute or long acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers few in 
 leaf-opposed or extra-axillary fascicles, carpels smooth, tomentose stalked. 
 Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 90. Uvaria lutea var. a, W. & A. Prodr. 8 
 {exd. syn.). Guatteria acutifolia, Wall. Cat. 6438 D. 
 
 Travancor, at Courtalam, Wight; Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 3-4000 ft.. 
 Walker, &c. 
 
 A tree ; young branches downy. Leaves 2^-4 by §-1 in., tip rather obtuse, midrib 
 puberulous beneath when young; petiole ^-^ in., slender. Flowers yellow-green; 
 peduncle very short, tomentose ; pedicels \-\ in., pubescent ; bracteole small, basal. 
 Petals ^-| in., downy outside, glabrous within. Ovaries 5 ; style depressed. Carpels 
 1-1^ in. diam., subglobose ; stalk I-I4 in., stout. 
 
 4. A. sclerocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 11 ; leaves lanceolate obtuse gla- 
 brous, flowers fascicled on a very short extra-axillary peduncle, pedicels 
 short carpels bony warted subsessile tomentose. 
 
 Ceylon, at Haragam, &c., Thwaites. 
 
 A tree; branches glabrous ; buds brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-34 ^7 \~^h i^^-, ^^^^ 
 acute, pale beneath; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers numerous, ochreous-yellow; pedicels 
 \ in., brown-pilose, with a basal and median bracteole. Sepals very small. Petals ^ in., 
 hairy outside. Stamens 15, 2-3-seriate. Ovaries 3-5; style depressed. Carpels 
 1-2 in., yellow, ovoid or subglobose ; stalk short. 
 
 5. ,A. xnadraspatana, Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 92 ; leaves lanceo- 
 late elliptic-ovate or oblong obtuse, flowers fascicled on leaf-opposed 
 supra-axillary peduncles, carpels ovoid. 
 
90 IV. ANONACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) \Alphonsea, 
 
 By Btreams in Maisor and the Carnatic, Beddome. ^ 
 
 An umbrageous tree. Leaves 34 bj \\ in., much reticulated beneath ; petioles J in., 
 glabrous or puberulous. Flowers 1-6, bright yellow ; peduncles very short ; pedicels 
 ^-4 in., puberulous; bracteole infra-median. Sepals small, ovate. Petals | in., puberu- 
 lous outside. Stamens 12, 2-8eriate. Ovaries 3-4; style subglobose, slightly curved ; 
 ovules about 8 ; 2 -seriate. Carpels yellow-tomentose. 
 
 6. A. ZHalng'ayi, H. f. <C' T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate ob- 
 tusely or subacutely acuminate shining above reticulate and pubescent 
 beneath, flowers solitary or in loose supra-axillary racemes, ripe carpels 
 very short-stalked tomentose. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A middle eized or lofty tree ; branches black, young rusty-tomentose. Leave 3-7 
 by 14-24 in., base acute or rounded, hard, coriaceous, pale yellow-brown, rusty beneath, 
 petiole ^-\ in., rusty. Flowers | in. diam. ; peduncles -fj-H in- »ii<i very short pe- 
 dicels rusty-tomentose ; bracts small. Sepals ^V ^^- Outer petals ovate, recurved, 
 pubescent outside ; inner similar but rather smaller. Torun 6-aiigled. Filaments 
 broad short flebhy ; anther cells small, diverging below. /S'</<//«a sessile ; ovules about 
 20. Carpels 2 by 1 in., obtuse, smo«jth. Seeds many, smooth. 
 
 7. A. elliptlca, H.f.d; T. ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate acuminate 
 shining above glabrous reticulate, nerves very slender, flowers solitary or in 
 2-3-flowered racemes, peduncle short multibracteate. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree?; branches rugose, quite glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by li-lf in., tip acute or 
 obtuse, base acute, thin, coriaceous, nearly concolorous, nerves about 5 on a side, 
 venules reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole ^-\ in. Flowers § in. diam. ; peduncles 
 very short, bracts many short orbicular persistent; pedicels ^-^ i"-, slender, curved, 
 bracteoles minute, liiedian. Petals apprt-sscd-pubescent ; outer broad-ovate, re volute ; 
 inner rather smaller. Stamens imbricate in several series, apiculate; anther-cells 
 oblong. Ovaries linear-oblong, silky ; stigma subsessile ; ovules many, 2-8eriate. 
 
 22. OXIOPKSA, Blume. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Flowers usually small, axillary solitary, fascicled or 
 cvmose. Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer ovate ; inner 
 clawed, cohering by their margins into a mitriform cap. Stamens definite, 
 6-12, ovoid, fleshy; anther-cells dorsal, large, contiguous. Ovaries 3-15; 
 style short or ; ovules 4. Ripe carpeh 1- or more-seeded (very long in 
 0. enterocarjm). — DiSTRiB. Species about 16 ; all Eastern Asiatic. — Interme- 
 diate between Miirephora and Bocagea, having the perianth of the former 
 and stamens of the latter. 
 
 1. O. uniflora, H. f. d' T. Fl. Inch 111; leaves elliptic-oblong or lan- 
 ceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles solitary axillary, stamens 12 
 2-seriate, carpels globose glabrous short-stalked. Btddoim Ic. PL hid. Or, 
 t 69. 
 
 Forests of Tbavancob at Courtalam, WigH. 
 
 A shrub or small tree ; branches glabrous ; buds pubescent. Leaves \\rl\ by \-\ in., 
 thin, coriaceous, base acute, pale beneath ; petiole y'w in. Flowers solitary ; pedicels 
 ^-4 in., slender ; bracteoles sevaral, minute, basal, and 1 median. Sepals minute, orbi- 
 cular, ciliate. Outer pttals J in,, ovate or orbicular, membrauouB, glabrate ; inner 4 in., 
 trapezoid, tapering mto the narrow claw. Ovaries 6 ; ovules 2. Caipels 4 in, diam., 
 brown-black. 
 
 2. O. zeylanioa, H. f. <k T. Fl. Ind. Ill ; leaves ovate or oblong 
 shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles solitary or fascicled 
 
OropTiea,] TV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 91 
 
 axillary, stamens 6, carpels globose glabrous short-stalked. Thwaites Enum. 
 8 ; Beddorne Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 70. 
 
 Forests of Canara and Coorg, JStocJcs, &c. ; and Ceylon in the Central Province, 
 Thwaites. 
 
 A small tree or shnib ; branchlets yellow-pubescent. Leaves 2-34 ^J 1-1 1 i^-j ^^^^t 
 coriaceous, base suboblique rounded or retuse, young puberulous beneath ; petiole ^VtV ^^• 
 Mowers greenish-brown, ^ in. diam. ; peduncles 1-2 in., 1-4-flowered, slender, pubes- 
 cent ; peduncle with a basal bract. Sepals and outer petals orbicular, acute, veined, 
 downy ; inner petals larger, trapezoid, glabrous, margins pubescent. Ca/rpeU ^ in.diam. 
 
 3. O, Thomsoni, Beddome in\Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. ; Ic. Plant. Ind. Or. 
 t. 67 ; leaves qvate-oblong obtusely taper-pointed glabrous, peduncle axillary 
 ■3-flowered strigose, stamens J 0-1 2 2-seriate, carpels pisiform. 
 
 Anamally forests, Travancor, alt. 1500-2000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves I-I4 -2 by 1-lJ in., midrib beneath pubescent ; petiole 
 x^s~h ill- Peduncle and pedicels very short ; bracteoles minute basal. Sepals and outer 
 petals strigose ; inner pubescent, especially inside. Ovaries 5-6, hairy ; ovules 2. 
 
 4. O, erythrocarpa, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 5 ; Ic. PI. Ind. 
 Or. t. 68 ; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous above pubescent be- 
 neath, peduncles axillary or supra-axillary 3-4-flowered tomentose, stamens 
 12, 6 outer rather imperfect, carpels oblong. 
 
 Anamally forests in Travancor, alt. 1500-2500 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A middle sized tree ; branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves 2-3^ by 1-2 in., thin, 
 coriaceous, most pubescent on the midrib beneath ; petiole t5~^ in., pubescent. Flowers 
 very small ; peduncle 1 in., tomentose ; bracts many, minute, imbricate below the fruit 
 or 'flower ; pedicels with a linear basal and a supra-median bracteole. Sepals orbicular. 
 Outer petals ovate, acute, margins and outer surface pubescent ; inner \ in., claw gla- 
 brous, limb trapezoid hairy. Ovarits 6, densely strigose ; ovules 2. Carpels red. Seed 
 solitary, scrobiculate. 
 
 5. O. polycarpa, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 39 ; leaves ovate-oblong 
 or lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or supra- 
 axillary slender 1-3-flowered sparsely hairy, stamens 6, carpels pisiform 
 glabrous long-stalked. H. f. (& T. Fl. Ind. Ill; Wall. Oat 6431; Griffith 
 Ic. PI. Ind. Or. iv. t. 654. 
 
 Martabajj, Wallich; Andamans, Kurz. 
 
 A tree ? ; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves 4-5 by 1-1 1 in., thin, coriaceous, 
 points long, shiaing above ; petiole yV i^^- Peduncles 1-2 in., slender; bracts several, 
 small, remote, linear. Sepals ovate, acute, ciliate. Outer petals orbicular, ciliate ; 
 inner twice as laxge, tip and margins downy. Carpels 9-12 ; stalk nearly as long. — 
 ■Our specimens have bud and fruit only. 
 
 6. O. acuminata, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. v, 39 ; leaves oblong or 
 lanceolate long and finely acuminate glabrous above softly pubescent on the 
 midrib and veins beneath, peduncle 1-3-llowered axillary or supra-axiUary 
 filender, stamens 6. H.f. d; T. Fl. Ind. 112 ; Wall. Cat. 6432. 
 
 Tenasserim, Wallich. 
 
 A tree ; branches slender, young densely pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 1-lf in., thin, 
 conspicuously reticulate beneath ; petiole -pj— ^ in., pubescent. Peduncles 1 in., pubes- 
 cent; bracts several, subulate, hairy. Sepals minute, ovate-lanceolate, densely hairy. 
 Outer petals small, ovate, thin, hairy; inner as in 0. zeylanica. Ovaries 6, densely 
 strigose ; ovules 2. 
 
 7. O. Brandisil, H. f. & T. ; leaves obovate-lanceolate tapering to a 
 very slender point glabrous above hairy beneath, peduncles 2-3-flowered 
 supra-axillary slender, stamens 12, 3 fertile and 9 imperfect. 
 
92 IV. ANONACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Orophea, 
 
 Martaban and Pegu, Brandts; Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 Branches softly brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., thin, point very slender, 
 base narrow rounded or subcordate ; petiole -^ in., hairy. Flowers f in. diam. ; pe- 
 duncles 1-1^ in., pubescent; bract solitary basal. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, taper- 
 pointed, softly hairy. Outer petals \\n., ov2iiQ, tomentose, veined on both surfaces; 
 inner | in., claw long narrow, limb subclavate thickened, slightly hairy, compressed, 
 grooved in front. Anther-cells large, obtusely apiculate. Ovaries 6, oblong, softly 
 villous with white hairs ; style oblong, glabrous ; ovule 1 on the ventral suture. 
 
 8. O. enterocarpa, Mainr/oT/ mss. ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or 
 oblong lanceolate caudate-acuminate membranous, peduncles filiform supra- 
 axillary, carpels very slender subtorulose. 
 
 Malacca, very rare, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; branchlets slender, black. Leaves 2-44 by \-\\ in., base acute or rounded, 
 very thin, nerves slender; petiole y\ in. Flowers ^ in. diam., nodding; peduncle 
 \-\ in., 1-flowered; bracteole minute. Sepals minute. Outer petals ovate, acute, 
 pubescent; inner as long, silky, claws equalling the conical cap. Stamens 6, with 6 sta- 
 minodes. Ovaries about 6, cylindric, 2-4-ovuled, hirsute. Carpels 4-6, 3-5 by ^-^ in., 
 red. Seeds 2-4, linear-oblong, l-seriate. — A very curious fruit. 
 
 23. BOCAGEA, St. Hilaire. 
 
 Trees. Leaves shining, and branches glabrous. Flowers small, terminal 
 axillary or fascicled on woody tubercles, 1-2-sexual. Sejxds orbicular or 
 ovate, imbricate. Petals 6, imbricate in 2-series, nearly equal, usually orbi- 
 cular, concjive. Stamens ^--21, imbricate in 2 or more series, broadly oblong 
 thick, fleshy ; anther-cells dorsal, oblong ;, connective produced. Ov tries 
 3-6 ; style short, stigma obtuse or capitate ovules 1 or 2-8 on the ventral 
 suture. Bipe carpels globose, stalked. — Disteib. jSpecies about 12, tropical 
 Asiatic and American. 
 
 1. B. elliptica, //. /. <b T. ; leaves narrow-oblong obtuse or acute, 
 flowers monoecious, sepals ciliate, stamens 12-18, ovaries 3. Uvaria ellip- 
 tica, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. (Jenev. v. 27 ; Wall. Cat. 6470, 7421. Sagersea 
 elliptica, //./. cC- T. Fl. I ml. 93. Diospyros] frondosa, Wall. Cat. 4125. 
 
 Tenasserim to Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree; young branches angular. Leaves 8-12 by 24-4 in., thick, coriaceous, base 
 acute obtuse rounded or cordate, nerves spreading; petiole ^-^ in. Flcncers axillary 
 and solitary or fascicled on cauline tubercles, small, red, "monoecious," Maingay ; pedi- 
 cels \ in., bracteoles several, basal, and 1 orbicular median. Sejjals glabrous. Petals 
 \ in. long, ovoid, ciliate. Connective subquadrate, anthers extrorse, Maingay. Ovaries 
 glabrous, ovules about 8. Carpels 1 in. diam., globose, smooth, several seeded ; stalk 
 very short. 
 
 2. B. Thwaitesii, U.f. d- T. ; leaves narrow-oblong obtuse, flowers 
 fascicled on the large branches 2-sexual, sepals glabrous, stamens about 21, 
 ovaries 3, stigma 2-lobed. Sageraea Thwaitesii, H. f. & T. FL Ind. 94 ; 
 Thwaites Enum. 6 ; Beddome Ic. Fl. Ind. Or. t. 41. 
 
 Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, Thwaites. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 8-12 by 3-44 in., thick, coriaceous, base rounded, pale beneath ; 
 petiole ^-^ in. Flowers pale orange ; pedicels 2-4 in. ; bracteoles minute, basal. Sepals 
 short, very obtuse. Petals ^ in., orbicular, glabrous, outer larger. Stamens reddish. 
 Carpels 1 in. diam., subsessile. 
 
 3. S. Dalzellii, H. f. tk T. ; leaves narrow oblong acute or obtuse, 
 flowers 2-sexual in fascicles of 1-15 on woody tubercles, stamens 12-18> 
 
Bocagea.] iv. anonace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 93 
 
 ovaries 3-5, stigma entire. Guatteria laurifolia, Graham Cat. Bombay PI. 4. 
 Sagerasa laurina, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Joiirn. Bot. iii. 207 ; Bombay Ftor. 2 ; 
 H. f. <h T. Fl Ind. 93. S. Dalzelli, Beddome Ic. PI Ind. Or. t. 42. 
 
 Forests of the Concan, Graliam ; and Travancor, Beddome. 
 
 A middle-sized tree. Leaves 5-9 by 1^-2 in., thick, coriaceous, base acute or 
 rounded; petiole ^ in. Flowers crowded, white; pedicels |^-^ in. ; bracteoles several, 
 scaly, basal. Sepals orbicular. Petals 4 in-, broad-ovate. Outer stamens sometimes 
 without anthers. Bipe carpels 1 in. diam., globose, glabrous, subsessile. 
 
 4. B. coriacea, H.f.^T. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acute or subacute, 
 flowers 1-3 2-sexual, stamens 9, ovaries 1-2. Orophea coriacea, Thwaites 
 Enum. 8 ; Beddome Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 71. 
 
 Ceylox, Central Province, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. ^ ' 
 
 A middle-sized tree. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2^ in., thick, coriaceous, base rounded, dark 
 green above, pale beneath ; petiole yV"^ ^'^- Flowers \ in. diam., terminal in cauline 
 pedicels \ in., bracteoles basal, strigose. Sepals minute, deltoid, ciliate. Petals orbi- 
 cular, outer pui-ple outside, orange- brown inside; inner connivent, dark purple. 
 Ovaries 2-ovuIed. Carpels \ in. diam., obliquely subglobose, glabrous, subsessile. — 
 We remove this and the following from Orophea to Bocagea on account of the habit 
 and apparently imbricate outer petals ; the inner petals have no claws. 
 
 5. B. obliqua, H. f. & T, ; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute or acumi- 
 nate, flowers 1-3 together 2-sexual terminal or cauline, pedicels very short, 
 stamens 6 in 2 series, ovaries 3. Orophea ? obliqua, PL. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 112 ; 
 Thwaites Enum. 8 ; Beddome Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 72. 
 
 Ceyi.on, in the Galle and Ratnapoora districts, Gardner, &c. 
 
 A middle-sized tree. Leaves 4-5 by \\-2 in., coriaceous, base oblique, pale beneath ; 
 petiole -^ in. Flowers minute, purple. Sepals ciliate. Petals orbicular, outer 
 spreading, inner connivent (imbricate or subvalvate, Thw.) Ovaries 2-ovuled, stigmas 
 depressed. Cartels ^ in. diam., red-brown. 
 
 24. KINGSTONIA, H. f. & T. 
 
 A tree. Flowers fascicled on cauline tubercles, 2-sexual. Sepals 3, bases 
 connate ovate, acute persistent. Petals 6 ; outer ovate, valvate ; inner 
 smaller, oblong, imbricate. Stamens about 12, filaments half the length of 
 the extrorse anther-cells ; connective obliquely truncate. Ovary 1 ; stigma 
 sessile peltate, crenate ; ovules few. Ripe carpel globose. Seeds several, 
 2-seriate. 
 
 1. KL. nervosa, H. f. <& T, ; leaves elliptic or linear-oblong acuminate 
 glabrous or puberulous on the nerves beneath. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches woody, young rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3 in., base rounded, thin, 
 coriaceous, opaque; nerves many oblique strong; petiole ^ in., pubescent. Flowers 
 \ in. long, in fascicles of 8-10; peduncles ^-4 in., slender, rusty-pubescent; bracts 
 small orbicular, basal, imbricate. Sejmls x^ in., ferruginous. Petals ashy-pubescent, 
 subacute ; inner one-third smaller. Carpels 1 in. diam., on stout woody peduncles, 
 densely rusty-tomentose : walls very thick. — Differs from Bocagea in the valvate not 
 orbicular outer petals, smaller inner, solitary carpel, and pubescent branches. 
 
 25. Z.ONCKOBIBRA, H. f. & T. 
 
 A tree. Leaves shining. Flowers small, in axillary fascicles. Sepals 3, 
 broad-ovate, acute. Petals 6, in 2 series j outer lanceolate, flat, spreading, 
 
94 IV. ANONACEiE. (Hook. f. <fe Thoms.) . [LonchoTnera. 
 
 valvate ; inner smaller andbroader. Stamens 8-12, loosely imbricate, broadly 
 cuneate, thick ; anther-cells lateral, introrse. Torm small, slightly concave, 
 pubescent. Ovary solitary, glabrous, sessile, contracted into a very short 
 style, stigma subcapitate ; ovules 2, superposed. " Rij^e carpels elliptic, api- 
 culate, succulent, glabrous, 2-seeded. Seeds plano-conVex ; testa osseous." 
 Maingay. 
 
 1. Zi. leptopoda, H. f. <& T.; leaves oblong or elliptic obtusely acumi- 
 nate or acute, i 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A middle-sized tree; brandies black, young granulate. Leaves 2\-\ by I-I4 in., 
 concolorous, hardly shining, thin, coriaceous, base rounded or acute, reticulate on both 
 surfaces, nerves very slender, subhorizontal ; petiole \ in., slender, naked. Flowers 
 4 in. long ; peduncles 2-6, 4-i '"•) hoary ; bracts small, basal, obtuse. Sepals connate 
 below, tomentose. Petals tomentose on both surfaces, inner like the outer but one- 
 third shorter and much broader. Ovary ovoid. — The fruits enclosed in a cover with the 
 specimens do not accord with Maingay's character (see Genus), they are 14-li in- 
 long, elliptic-ovoid, top rounded, base rather contracted, walls obscurely wartcd. Seed 
 oblong-cylindric, apparently enclosed in a dry aril which adheres vertically to one side 
 of the cavity ; albumen horny, slightly ruminated ; embryo half the length of the seed, 
 cotyledons linear-oblong, thin ; radicle cyUndric, 4 the length of the cotyledons. 
 
 Order V. MENISPERMACE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Climbing or twining rarely sarmentose shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire 
 or lobed, usually palminerved ; stipules 0. Flowers sma\l or minute, soli- 
 tary fascicled cymose or racetned, dioecious, vsometimes 3-bracteolate. Sepals 
 6 (rarely 1-4, or 9-12), usually free, imbricate in 2-4 series, outer often 
 minute. Petals 6 (rarely or 1-5), free or connate. (^ Flowers : Stamens 
 hyi^ogynous, usually one opposite each petal, filaments free or connate ; 
 anthers free or connate, 2-celIed. Ji fifiimefitary carpels smaW or 0. ? Flowers: 
 Staminocks 6 or 0. Ovaries 3 (rarely 1, or 6-12) ; style terminal, simple or 
 divided ; ovules solitary (2 in Fihraiirea), usually amphitropous. Pipe 
 carpels drupaceous, with the style-scar subterminal, or by excentric growth 
 subbasal. Seed usually hooked or reniform, often curved round an intru- 
 sion of the endocarp {condyle Miers), albumen even or ruminate or ; coty- 
 ledons flat or semiterete, foliaceous or fleshy, appressed or spreading. — A 
 large tropical Order ; genera 32 ; species about 100. 
 
 In this Order we adhere to the classification of the genera, and limitation of the spe- 
 cies, adopted in our Flora Indica (1855), at variance as these are with our friend Mr. 
 Miers' views (Contributions to Botany, lii., 1871); this we do after the careful exa- 
 mination of the Order by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant. 1862), a further study of 
 the Indian species by one of us in their native jungles and in the Calcutta Botanic 
 Garden, and a review of Eichler's valuable monograph of the Brazilian species in 
 Martins' Flora Brasiliensis (1864). The divergence between Mr. Miers' conclusions and 
 our own amounts to his adopting for the Indian plants of the Order, 6 tribes, 26 genera, 
 and upwards of 90 species, as against our 4 tribes, 19 genera, and 35 species. We are 
 far from affirming that a few of our 35 species may not embrace two or more, but 
 we find no evidence of this in the materials upon which Mr. Miers and ourselves have 
 worked. 
 
 Tribe I. Tlnosporeae. Flowers 3-raerous. Ovanes usually 3. Drupes 
 with a subterminal rarely ventral or subbasal style-scar. Seed oblong or 
 subglobose ; albumen copious or scanty; cotyledons foliaceous, usually 
 spreading laterally. 
 
V. MENisPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 95 
 
 * Drapes with a terminal or subterminal style-scar. 
 
 Sepals 12 ; filaments connate 1. Aspidocabya. 
 
 Sepals 6 ; filaments connate 2. Parab^na. 
 
 Sepals 6 ; petals 6 ; filaments free 3. Tinospoba. 
 
 Sepals 9 ; petals 6 ; filaments free 4. Tinomiscium. 
 
 Sepals 6 ; petals ; filaments free 5. Fibeaurea. 
 
 * Drupes with a subbasal style-scar. 
 
 Sepals 6 ; filaments all connate 6. Anamirta. 
 
 Sepals 9 ; outer filaments free 7. Coscinium. 
 
 Teibe II. Cocculeae. Flowers 3-merous. Ovaries usually 3. Drupe 
 with a subbasal rarely subterminal style-scar. Seed horse-shoe shaped, 
 albumen copious ; embryo slender, cotyledons linear or slightly dilated. 
 
 Petals 6, minute ; ovaries 3-12 ; style subulate 8. Tiliacora. 
 
 Petals 5-8 ; ovaries 3 ; styles compressed 9. Limacia. 
 
 Petals 6 ; ovaries 3-6 ; styles subulate 10. Cocculus. 
 
 Petals 6 ; ovaries 3; styles forked 11. Pericampylus. 
 
 Tribe III. Clssampelldeae. Flowers 3-5-merous. Ovaries usually 
 solitary. Drupe with a subbasal style-scar ; endocarp dorsally muricate or 
 echinate. Seed horse-shoe shaped, albumen scanty ; embryo linear, cotyle- 
 dons appressed. 
 
 Sepals 6-10, free; petals of ^ and ? 3-5 free 12. Stephania. 
 
 Sepals 4, free; petals of <? 4 connate, of ? 1 13. Cissampelos. 
 
 Sepals 4-8, connate ; petals of S 4-8 connate, of ? 1 . . .14. Cyclea. 
 
 Sepals 4-8, connate; petals of <J 0, of ? 2 saccate .... 15. Lophophyllum. 
 
 Tribe IV. Pachygroneae. Flowers usually 3-merous. Ovaries usually 
 3. Drupes with a subbasal or ventral style-scar. Seed curved hooked or 
 inflexed, albumen ; cotyledons thick fleshy. 
 
 Sepals, petals and stamens, 6 each 16. Pachygone. - 
 
 Sepals and petals 6 each ; stamens 9 17. Pycnarrhena. 
 
 Sepals 9-12 ; petals and stamens 6 each 18. H^matocarpus. 
 
 Sepals 8 ; petals 2 ; stamens 4 19. Antitaxis. ' 
 
 1. ASFIDOCARITA, H. f. & T. 
 
 A climber. Flowers in slender panicles. Sepals 12, 2-4-seriate, inner 
 broader. Petals 6, short, cuneate. Male fl. : Anthers 6, encircling the 
 top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. Female fl. : Stami- 
 nodes 6, 'clavate. Ovaries 3 ; stigmas subcapitate. Drwpes dorsally com- 
 pressed, style-scar terminal ; endocarp much compressed, keeled dorsally, 
 not intruded,' margins winged, toothed. /S'eec? oblong, flat; cotyledons folia- 
 ceous, base divaricate, then parallel. 
 
 1. A. uvifera, H.f. & T.Fl. Ind. 180; leaves subpeltate ovate-cordate, 
 
 Miers Contrib. iii. 58, t. 99. 
 
 Subtropical forests of Sikkim, alt. 1-5000 ft., R. f. & T. 
 
 Branches slender, terete. Leaves 4-6 by 3-6 in., long-acuminate, tip obtuse, base 
 sometimes subsagittate, nerves beneath hairy; petiole 3-4 in., cylindric. Panicles 
 4-8 in., pubescent. Sepals greenish, ciliate. Petals concave. Drupes |-1 in. ; en- 
 docarp woody, fragile. 
 
 2. PARABJENA, Miers. 
 
 A climber, juice milky. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes. Se^mls 6, 
 subequal. Petals much smaller. Male fl. : Anthers 6, horizontal, encircling 
 
96 V. MENISPERMACEJE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Parabana, 
 
 the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. Female fl. : Stami- 
 nodes 6, cylindric- Ovaries 3 ; styles subulate, recurved. Drupes ovoid, style- 
 scar subterminal ; endocarp subglobose, dorsally spinulose, vent rally con- 
 cave. Seed pitted, curved, ventrally concave ; cotyledons f oliaacous, ovate, 
 spreading. 
 
 1, P. sagrittata, 3fie7's Coni?ih, iii. 57, t. 98 ; leaves cordate or sagit- 
 tate obtusely acuminate. //./. d' T. FL Ind. 181. P. oleracea, petero- 
 phylla and ferruginea, Miers in Taijl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 39. Cissampelos 
 sagittata. Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4983. C. oleracea, Wall. Cat. 4984. 
 
 Tropical forests from Nipal and the Khasia hills, to Ava and Chittagono. 
 
 Glabrous pubescent or softly tomentose ; branchlets grooved. Leaves 2-8 by 2-4 in., 
 5-7-nerved, young sinuate-toothed, older entire ; petiole 3-4 in. Cymes usually ge- 
 minate, many-flowered. Flowers minute. jSepaU subacute. Petals obovate-cuneate, 
 tip often 3-lobed. Drupes greenish. 
 
 3. TZNOSPOB.A, Miers. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles. 
 Sejxih 6, 2-seriate, inner larger membranous. Petals 6, smaller. Male fl. : 
 JStameMs 6, filaments free, tips thickened; anther-cells obliquely adnate, 
 bursting obliquely. Female fl. : iStaminodps 6, chivate. Ovaries 3 ; stigmas 
 forked. DrujKS 1-3, dorsally convex, ventrally flat ; style-scar subterminal ; 
 endocarp rugose, dorsally keeled, ventrally concave. Seed grooved ventrally 
 or curved round the intruded sub-2-lobed endocarp, albumen ventrally rumi- 
 nate ; cotyledons foliaceous, ovate, spreading.—DiSTiuu. Species about 8, 
 tropical Asiatic and African. 
 
 1. T. tomentosa, Miei-s Contrib. iii. 33 ; leaves orbicular-cordate, more 
 or less 3-lobed pubescent above tomentose beneath. //. /. d^ T. Fl. Ind. 
 183. Cocculus tomentosus, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. JSoc. xiii. 50 ; Wall. Cat. 
 4956. Menisp. tomentosum, Po.vb. FL Ind. iii. 813. 
 
 Tropical thickets in Bengal, Roxburgh, and Ava, Walfich. 
 
 Bark pustular ; shoots tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., tomentose on both surfaces ; 
 petiole as long. Eacemes usually simple, solitary or fascicled. Flowers fascicled in 
 the axils or deciduous bracts. Drupes pisiform, orange-yellow, endocarp tubercled. 
 
 2. T. xnalabarica, Miers Contrib. iii. 32 ; leaves ovate-cordate acumi- 
 nate pubescent above almost woolly beneath. //. / d' T. Fl. Ind. 183. 
 Menisp. malabaricum, Lamk. Cocculus malabaricus, DC. Prodr.i. 97; Wall. 
 CaL 4969 ; Plieede llort. Mai. vii. t. 19. 
 
 "Western Peninsula; Sikkim ; Khasia hills and Chtttagong. 
 
 Branchlets clothed with white hairs. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., 7-nerved ; petiole 4 in., 
 terete, hairy. Racemes 3-6 in. ; flowers green. Drupes red. — Miers distinguishes the 
 Khasia and Chittagong specimens as var. scahridula. 
 
 3. T. crispa, Miers Contrib. iii. 34 ; leaves ovate-cordate or oblong 
 acuminate glabrous stamens adnate to the base of the petals, drupe elliptic- 
 oblong. //./. d' 2\ FL Lid. 183. Menisi erinum crispum, L. M. verrucosum, 
 Moxb. FL Did. iii. 808. M. tuberculatum, Lamk. Cocculus crispus, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 97. C. verrucosus, WaU. CaL 4966 A^ B. 
 
 From SiLHET and Assam to Pegu and Malacca. — Distrib. Malay Islands. 
 
 Barh warted ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-6 by 1-4 in., entire or repand, sometimes sub- 
 sagittate, basal lobes distant ; petiole 1-3 in. Racemes 4-8 in., on the old wood, solitary 
 or fascicled. Flowers 2-3 in the axils of ovate fleshy bracts, ^ in. loiig, green, campanulate 
 
Tinospora.] V. menispermace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 97 
 
 Aviliers square. Drupes size of an olive, pale yellow. — Miers distinguishes the Khasia 
 plant as var. nitidiuscula, probably a distinct species. 
 
 4. T, oordifolia, Miers Contrib. iii. 31 ; leaves cordate glabrous, sta- 
 mens free, ripe carpels pisiform. T. palminervis, Miers I.e. 31. Menisp. 
 cordifolium, Willd. ; Roxh. Fl. Lid. iii. 811. Cocculus cordifolius, DC. Prodr, 
 i. 97 ; Wall. Cat. 4955 ; W. & A. Prodr. 12; Wight Ic. t. 385, 486. C. con- 
 volvulaceus, DC. Prodr. i. 97. C. verrucosus, Wall. Cat. 4966 C, D, E ; 
 RJieede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 21. 
 
 Throughout tropical India, from Kumaon to Assam and Birma, and from Behab and 
 CoNCAN to Ceylon and the Caknatic. 
 
 Bark corky ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., acute or acuminate ; petiole 
 1^-3 in. Racemes exceeding the leaves, axillary terminal or on the old wood ; bracts 
 subulate. Flowers yellow, males fascicled, females usually solitary, glabrous. Petals 
 cuneate. Anthers oblong. Drupes size of a pea or small cherry, red. 
 
 5. 1 T. ulig'inosa, Miers Contrib. iii. 35 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong 
 acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, veins reticulate, drupe as in T. 
 crispa, but endocarp thinner. 
 
 Singapore, Maingay. 
 
 Maingay's mss. contain an excellent analysis of the fruit of this and T. crispa, and 
 the only difference between them that I perceive is that the endocai-p of this is thin and 
 crustaceous, with a deeper longitudinal groove ; the cotyledons are somewhat crumpled 
 in both. The leaves are less shining than in the original T. uUginosa of Java, the fruit 
 of which is undescribed. 
 
 4. TINOIVIISCIUBX, Miers. 
 
 A scandent shrub, juice milky. Fl/mers racemed. Sepals 9, with 3 
 bracts. Petals 6, oblong, margins incurved. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filaments 
 flattened ; anthers oblong, adnate, bursting vertically. Rudimentary carpels 
 3. Fem. fl. : unknown. Drupes much compressed, ovoid-oblong, style- 
 scar terminal ; endocarp much compressed, dorsally convex, ventrally flat 
 or slightly concave, not intruded. Seed almost flat, oblong ; cotyledons 
 quite flat, nearly as broad as the thin layer of album en, .very thin, closely 
 appressed ; radicle short cylindric. — Distrib. 3 E. Asiatic species. 
 
 1. T. petiolare, Miers Contrib. iii. 45, t. 94 ; leaves ovate-oblong 
 coriaceous. H.f. S T. Fl. Ind. 205. Cocculus petiolaris, Wall. Cat. 6964. 
 
 pENANG, Wallich; Singapore, Maingaij. 
 
 Young shoots brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 2^-4 in., ovate-oblong, obtuse or 
 acuminate, glabrous, very coriaceous, base truncate or rounded, reticulate between the 
 3-5 nerves ; petiole 3-4 in. Racemes 4-10 in., on tubercles in the upper racemes, or 
 alternate along the branches, brown-tomentose ; flowers minute, solitary or fascicled ; 
 pedicels short. . Sepals puberulous. Petals notched. Drupes f-1 in., endocarp thick 
 woody. — Foliage very similar indeed to that of Fibraurea tinctoria, but nervules beneath 
 prominent, reticulate. 
 
 There are two flowerless plants in Hook. Herb., both collected by Griffith, and per- 
 haps species o? Tinomiscium; one has membranous elliptic- lanceolate acuminate leaves, 
 and fruit 1 in. long, with a very woody endocarp ; the other has broad ovate-cordate 
 acuminate membranous leaves, and similar but flatter fruit with a thin endocarp ; this- 
 last closely resembles T. .javanicum, Miers. 
 
 o. 
 
 FXBXIAUREA, Loureiro. 
 
 A lofty climbing glabrous shrub. Leaves ovate or oblong, coriaceous, 
 3-nerved. Flowers in large axillar/ panicles^ dioecious. Sepals 6, with 
 VOL, I. H 
 
98 V. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Fibranrea. 
 
 3 minute bracts, inner larger. Petals 0. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filaments 
 clavate; anthers terminal, adnate, cells spreading, bursting vertically 
 Female fl. : Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3, ovoid, 2-ovuled ; stigma sessile, punc- 
 tiform. Drupes 3, 1 -seeded, oblong, terete, style-scar subterminal ; endo- 
 carp oblong, dorsally convex, ventrally flattened and channelled, hardly 
 intruded. &e<i oblong, terete, reniform on a transverse section, albumen 
 copious, horny ; cotyledons foliaceous, longitudinally curved, oblong, very 
 thin ; radicle short, cylindric. 
 
 1. P. tlnctoria, Lour. Fl. Cock ii. 769; leaves 3-nerved from the 
 base or above the base. H. f. <{• T. Fl. Ind. 204. F. tinctoria, fasciculata, 
 and chloroleuca, Miers Contrib. iii. 41, 42, t. 93. Cocculus Fibraurea, DC, 
 Prodr. I 99. 
 
 Penang, Phillijjs; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Cochin-China, Borneo. 
 
 Pranches T^ede ] bark lax. Leaves 4-7 by 2-4 in., elliptic-ovate or oblong, thick, 
 coriaceous, obtusely acuminata, shhiiiig above, pale beneath, 3-pHnei ved from the base 
 or above it; petiole 14-3 in., striate, subangular. Panicles often fascicled, much 
 branched from the base, buds globose ; fruiting panicle 1 ft., woody ; peduncles ^-1 in. 
 Drupes 1 in. — We await evidence of there being more than one known species of this 
 genus, pending which we adhere to the opinion expressed in Flora Indica. Leaves like 
 those of linomiscitim petiolare, but not reticulate beneath. As (iriffith|(m8H. in Herb. 
 Hook.) correctly observes, there are 2 superposed ovules in each ovary, of which the 
 upper only becomes a seed. 
 
 6. ANABXZRTA, Colebrooke. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Flmvers panicled. JSepcds G, with 2 appressed bracts. 
 Petals 0. ^Iale fl. : A ?ithe?'s sessile, on a stout column, 2-celled bursting trans- 
 versely. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 9, clavate, 1 -.seriate. Ovaries 3, on a short 
 
 gvnophore ; stigma subcapitate, reflexed. Drupes on a 3-fid gynophore, 
 
 obliquelv 
 
 Seed globose, embracing the subglobose hollow intruded endocarp, albumea 
 
 )liquely ovoid, dorsally gibbous, style-scar subbasal; endocarp woody. 
 
 dense, of horny granules ; embryo curved, cotyledons narrow-oblong thin, 
 spreading. 
 
 1. A. Cocculus, W. (hA. Prodr. i. 44G ; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate 
 rarely oblong-ovate. J/, f. d- 7\ Fl. hid. \86. A. paniculata, Coleh. A. 
 flavescens and toxifera, J/urs Contrib. m. b\. Menisp. Cocculus, Zi;m. ; 
 Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 807. M. heteroclitum, lioxh. I.e. 817. Cocculus lacunosus, 
 DC. Prodr. i. 97. C. suberosus DC Lc ; W. d' A. Prodr. i. 11 ; Wall. Cat. 
 4954. C. populifolius, DC. Lc. 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; Kiiasia hills; Assam; and fromCoNCAN and Orissa to Ceylon, 
 — DiSTiuR. Malayan Islands. 
 
 Park corky ; shoots stout, glabrous, striate. Leaves 4-8 in.'lone, as broad or narrower, 
 acute or acuminate, base rarely acute, glabrous above, hairy in the nerve-axils beneath, 
 base 3 nerved ; petiole 2-6 in. Panicles on the old branches 1-1 4 ft., pendulous. 
 Flowers I in. diam., glabrous. Sepals deciduous. Drupes | in., black, glaurous. 
 
 7. COSCZNIUM, Colebrooke. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Flowers in dense globose heads. Sepals 6, with a bract, 
 orbicular. Petals 3, large, spreading, elliptic. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filaments 
 cylindric, 3 inner connate to the middle ; anthers adnate, outer 1- inner 2- 
 celled, bursting vertically. Fem, fl. : Staminodes (j. Ovaries 3-6, subglobuse ; 
 styles subulate, reflexed. Drupes globose ; eudocarp bony. Seed globose. 
 
Coscinium.] v. menispermace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 99 
 
 embracing a globose intrusion of the endocarp; albumen fleshy, ruminate 
 in the ventral face ; embryo straight, cotyledons orbicular, spreading, thin, 
 sinuate, laciniate, or fenestrate. — Distrib. Species 2 ; tropical Asiatic. 
 
 1. C. fenestratum, Colehrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 65 ; leaves 
 slightly peltate suborbicular yellow-tomentose beneath, heads umbelled, 
 cotyledons laciniate. Miers in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 6458 ; Contrih. iii. 22, 
 t. 88 ; H.f. d' T. Fl. hid. 178. C. Wallichianum a/ic? Wightianum, Miers in 
 Tayl. Ann. S&r. 2, vii. .37. Menisp. fenestratum, Gcertn. ; DC. Prodr.i. 103 ; 
 Koxh. Fl. Ind, iii. 809. Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. Gat. 4971 {partly). 
 Pereira medica, Lindl. Fl. Med. 370. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Herh. Wight; Malacca, Maingay ; Singapore, WaUich; 
 Ceitlon, Central and Southern provinces. (Specimens all imperfect.) 
 
 Young shoots hoary-tomentose. Leaves 5-7 by 4-6 in., young oblong-deltoid ob- 
 scurely peltate, acuminate, glabrous above, hoary and reticulate beneath ; petiole 3-5 in. 
 Heads ^-f in. diam. ; pedicels 1 in. Flowers green. Petals orbicular, acute, and 
 sepals persistent. Drupes 1-3, \ in. diam., subglobose, villous. Perhaps 3 species are 
 confounded here. Wight's has smaller broader aud more membranous leaves, whiter 
 beneath; the Malayan are more tomentose. 
 
 2. C. Bluxneanum, Miers Contrih. iii. 23 ; leaves deeply peltate, thick 
 coriaceous ovate or oblong white-tomentose beneath, heads 'racemed. 
 H.f. (^ T. Fl. Ind. 179. Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. Cat. 5971 {partly). 
 
 Penang, Singapore, and Malacga, WaUich, &c. 
 
 Branches woolly. Leaves 7-12 by 3-6 in., peltate obtuse or acuminate, dark-green 
 and shining above ; petiole 3-5 in. Racemes 3-4 in., stout, tomentose, peduncles 1 in. 
 
 Maingay's collection contains fruits of a Coscinium from Malacca, of which he de- 
 scribes the cotyledons as fenestrate ; the carpels are 1|-14 in. diam., globose, bright 
 yellow, sarcocarp very thick, endocarp woody ; seed | in. diam., albumen so hard that 
 we have failed to remove the cotyledons so as to verify Maingay's description ; it was 
 accompanied with leaves and flowers o{ Fihraurea (Distrib. Hb. Maingay, 115). 
 9 A fourth species in Maingay's herbarium has leaves like C. fenestratum, but more 
 peltate, pale brown beneath, with very appressed pubescence ; a similar plant grows in 
 J ava and Sumatra. 
 
 8. TXZ.IACORA, Colebrooke. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Flowers in axillary panicles, dioecious or polygamous. 
 Sepals 6. 2-seriate, outer much smaller. Petals 6, minute, cuneate. Male 
 fl. ; Stamens 6, filaments subcylindric ; anthers adnate, bursting vertically. 
 Fem. fl. : Rudimentary carpels 3. Ovaries 3-12 ; styles short subulate. 
 Driqns obovoid, pedicelled, subcompressed, style-scar subbasal ; endocarp 
 tlun, obscurely ribbed, grooved on both sides. Seed hooked, albumen oily, 
 ruminate ; cotyledons linear, fleshy, plano-convex appressed. 
 
 1. T. racemosa, Coleh. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 67 ; leaves ovate or 
 ovate-cordate acuminate. Miers Contrih. iii. 76, t. 104. T. f rater naria, 
 cuspidiformis and abnormalis, Miers, I.e. 77, 78. T. acuminata, Miers in 
 Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vi. 39 ; H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 187. Menisp. acuminatum and 
 radiatum, Lamk. M. polycarpum, Eooc^. FL Ind. iii. 816. Cocculus acu- 
 minatum, DC. Prodr. i. 99 ; W. <h A. Prodr. i. 12. C. radiatus, DC. I.e. 99. 
 D. polycarpus. Wall. Cat. 4958 (eajc/. K. L.)—Kheede Ilort. Mai. vii. t. 3. 
 
 Throughout tropical India, from Oude and Bengal, to Concan, Obissa, CErLON and 
 Singapore. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 h2 
 
100 V. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Tillacora, 
 
 Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by l^-Sj in., ovate, acuminate, glabrous, base 
 acute truncate rounded or subcordate, tbin, margin undulate ; petiole ^-1 in. Panicles 
 6-12 in., hoary, at length glabrous; branches 1 in., male 3-7 flowered, female simple 
 1 -flowered ; bracts oblong or subulate ; flowers yellow. Drupes i in. red.— Mr. Miers 
 (Contributions, I.e.) attributes to us the error of substituting in tiie Flora Indica the 
 specific name of acuminata for Colebrooke's prior name of racemosa; in this we fol- 
 lowed his paper in Taylor's Annals. 
 
 9. XiZBIACXA, Loureiro. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Floiofrs in panicles. Sefxth 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller. 
 Petals 6 (or 3 ?) much smaller, auricled, embracing the stamens. Male fl. : 
 initamens 3-9 • anthers adnate, bursting vertically. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 6, 
 clavate. Ovaries 3 ; style short, compressed. Drums obovoid or renifomi, 
 style-scar subbasal; endocarp 3-celled, 2 lateral cells empty. xSlfec? elongate, 
 embracing the intrsded endocarp ; embryo slender, cotyledons elongate, 
 ^terete, appressed. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and Africa. 
 
 * Sepah 8-12, inner imbricate. Hypserpa, Miers, 
 
 1. Zi. cuspldata, //. /. <ifr T. Fl. hid. 189 ; leaves ovate or oblong- 
 lanceolate acuminate glabrous. Cocculus cuspidatus, Wall. CaL 49()0. 
 Hypserpa cuspldata, praevaricata, pauciflora, and uniflora, Miers Contrib. iii. 
 102-107, t. 108. 
 
 Tropical forests of Eastern Bengal, the Eastern Peninsula, and CErLON. — Dis- 
 trib. Malayan Archipelago. 
 
 Branchltts striate, pubescent. Leaves 2-5 by 1-2 in., thin, shining, 3-nerved, base 
 rounded or cnncate, old glabrous ; petiole 4-1 in. Panicles axillary and supra-axillary, 
 solitary or geminate, female simple shorter; bracts minute, subulate. Drupes 4 in. 
 long. * 
 
 ** Sepah 6-9, inner valvate or mbvalvate, 
 
 2. Zi. triandra, Miers Contrih. iii. 112 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute 
 glabrous, panicles 1-1 t^ in. racemed shorter than the leaves, stamens 3. 
 //. /. (k T. FL Ind, 188. L. Ainherstiana and Wallichiana, Miers I.e. 112, 
 113. Menisp. triandnim, Hoxh. Fl. Did. iii. 816. Cocculus triandrus, Cole- 
 brooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 64 ; Wall. Cat. 4962, 4959 C. 4958 L. 
 
 From Vkcv and Tenasserim to Penang. 
 
 Branches puberulous, then glabrate. Leaves 2-4 by |-4 in., thin, triplinerved, base 
 rounded; petiole 4 in. Pa/iicZe puberulous ; bra':ts minute, deciduous, 3-5 -flowered ; 
 flowers very minute, yellow. Outer sejyals minntc, inner oblong. Filaments cuueate- 
 oblong, fleshy ; anther-cells spreading. 
 
 3. Zi. oblong'a, Miers Conirib. iii. 100 ; branches pubescent, Jeaves 
 oblong or lauceolate glabrous, panicle 3-8 in., stamens 6. — H. f. cc T. Fl. 
 Ind. 189. Cocculus oblongus. Wall. CaL 4963. 
 
 Penang, Malacca, and Singapore, Wallich, &c. 
 
 Pubescence fulvous. Leaves 3-8 by 1-4^ in., acute or acuminate, base subacute or 
 rounded; petiole |-14 in., and nerves beneath pubescent. Panicles supra-axillary; 
 female solitary, males 2-3 superposed, branches 1-2 in. Outer sepals minute, inner 
 thick, tomentose, subvalvate. Drupes subglobose. 
 
 4. Xi. velutlna, Miers Contrib. iii. 110; stem velvety, leaves oblong 
 or ovate-oblong tomentose beneath or on both surfaces, panicles few-flowered, 
 stamens 6. //./. d: T. FL Ind. 189. L. di.stincta and inornata, J/iers I.e. 
 iii. t. 109. Cocculus velutinus, WaU. CaL 4970. 
 
Limacia.] v. menispermace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 101 
 
 From Mergui to Malacca, Penang and Sincapoee, &c. 
 
 Pubescence yellowish. Leaves 2-6 by J-4 in,, variable, obtuse acute or rounded, 
 base rounded or acute, triple-nerved, usually glabrous above ; petiole \-'\.\ in. Panicles 
 axillary or supra-axillary, solitary few or many, tomentose, flowers villous. Inner sepals 
 orbicular, valvate. Drupes 1 in. long, obovoid, compressed, glabrous. 
 
 Aristega IcevifoUa, Miers Contrib. iii. 376, t. 151, a plant collected by Heifer in the 
 Andamans, or in Moulmein, and of which male flowers alone are known, is probably a 
 3-petalous Limacia. 
 
 10. COCCULUS, DC. 
 
 Climbing or sarmentose shrubs, rarely suberect. Petiole not dilated at 
 the base. Flowers panicled. /Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller. Petals 6, 
 smaller, usually auricled. Male fl. : Stamens embraced by the petals, 
 anthers subglobose, cells bursting transversely. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 6 
 or 0. Ovaries 3-6 ; styles usually cylindric. Drupes laterally compressed ; 
 endocarp horseshoe-shaped, dorsally keeled and tubercled, sides excavate. 
 Seed curved, albumen fleshy ; embryo annular, cotyledons linear, flat, ap- 
 pressed. — Disthib. All warm climates. 
 
 1. C. znacrocarpus, W.& A. Prodr. 13; leaves suborbicular glabrous 
 long-petioled, panicles 6-12 in., drupes obovoid-oblong. H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind, 
 191 ; Wight III. i. t. 7. Diploclisia macrocarpa, lepida, inclyta, and pic- 
 tinervis, Miers Contrib. iii. 280-284, t. 127. . Quinio cocculoides, Schlecht. in 
 Linncea, xxvi. 732. 
 
 From the Concan southwards, and in Ceylon. — Distrib. China. 
 
 Branclilets dark grey, striate. Leaves 2-3 in., rather broader than long, 5-nerved, 
 obtuse retuse or rarely acute, subrepand, glaucous beneath, base truncate or cordate ; 
 petiole 2-4 in. Panicles chiefly in the old branches ; flowers corymbose or fascicled, 
 or axillary. Sepals membranous, and 3-lobed petals streaked with purple. Drupe 
 1 in., endocarp thin, woody. 
 
 2. C. laurifolius, DC. Prodr. i. 100 ; a tree, leaves lanceolate short- 
 petioled shining, panicles axillary shorter than the leaves. Deless. Ic. Sel. 
 i. t. 97; Wall. Cat. 4965; //./. (k T. FL Ind. 191. Menisp. laurifolium, 
 Koxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 815. Holopeira laurifolia, australis, and fusiformis, Miers 
 Contrib. iii. 276. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 2500 ft., from Nipal to Jamu, Wallieh, &c. — Distrib. 
 Japan, Java (cult.?). 
 
 Trunk short ; branches pendulous, angled, striate, smooth, branchlets bearded at the 
 base. Leaves 3-6 by 1-1 4 in., coriaceous, acute or acuminate, 3-nerved ; petiole 
 ^-^in. Panicles 1-2 in., solitary or 2-superposed, corymbose, male largest ; bracts and 
 'flowers minute. Sepals acute. Petals 2-lobed. Styles reflexed. Drupes minute, 
 globose ; endocarp fragile, rugose. 
 
 3. C. villosus, DC. Prodr. 1. 98 ; branchlets villous, leaves ovate-oblong 
 subdeltoid villous, male fl. in short panicles, fem. 1-3 axillary rarely 
 racemed. Wall. Cat 4957 ; W. d^ A. Prodr. 13 ,B.f.d T. Fl. I?id.l9'3. 
 C. sepium, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 58. C. hastatus and aristo- 
 lochiae, DC I.e. 98. Menisp. villosum, Lamk. {not Roxb.). M. hirsutum, 
 Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 814. M. myosotoides, Linn. Holopeira villosa, 
 Iseviuscula, and auriculata, Miers Contrib. iii. 271-273, t. 126. 
 
 Throughout tropical and subtropical India, from the base of the Himalaya to 
 Malabar and Pegu (absent in the Eastern Peninsula and Ceylon). — Distrib. Trop. 
 Africa. 
 
 Leaves 2-3 by 1^-2 in., sometimes sublanceolate, retuse or obtuse and mucronate, 
 sometimes 3-lobed, base subcordate or truncate, young villous on both surfaces ; pe- 
 
102 V. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Cocculus, 
 
 tiole ^ in. Panicles loosely villous ; bracts minute, linear. Drupes black -purple, endo- 
 carp acutely keeled, tubercled. 
 
 4. C. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4973 ; branchlets pubescent, leaves ovate acute 
 or acuminate white and villous beneath, panicles few-flowered. Nephroica 
 mollis, Miers Contrib. iii. ii65. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich; Khasia hills, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. & T. 
 
 Branchlets striate. Leaves 2-4 by 14-2 4 in., of shoots often obtuse, base cordate or 
 truncate, bright green above, at length glabrate ; petiole |-1 in. Panicles axillary or 
 nearly, so, on a tomentose tubercle, shorter than tlie leaves, males irregular cymose, 
 cymes 4-7-flowered, bracts filiform ; females 1-3-flowered. Petals notched. Drupes 
 pisiform, compressed; endocarp keeled, with 4 rows of tubercles. 
 
 6. C. Zieaeba, DC. Prodr. i. Si0 ; branchlets? puberulous, leaves linear- 
 oblong oblong or trapezoid entire or lobed glabrate, flowers fascicled in the 
 axils, females subsolitary. //./. db T. Fl. hut. 192 ; Miers Contrib. iii. 256. 
 C. Isevis, Wall. Cat 4975. C. glabra, W. d' A. Prodr. i. 13 ; Miers I.e. 257. 
 C. recisus, Miers I.e. 258. 
 
 Drier parts of Western India ; the Punjab, Sindh, and the Cauxatic. — Distrib. 
 Affghanistan, Arabia, trop. and subtrop. Africa. 
 
 Branchlets long, slender. Leaves ^-\\ hy ^-J in., very variable, angles rounded, 
 sometimes 3-5-lobed, usually obtuse and mucronate, base cuneate or rounded, young 
 hoary, old often glaucous on both surfaces; pedicels ^-\ iu. Flowers fascicled on woody 
 tubercles, pedicels 1-flowered, males dense. Drupes ^^ in. 
 
 11. F&RZCAMFYX.US, Miers. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Leaves snbpeltate, petioles slender, articulate. Flowers 
 in axillary cymes. Sepals 6, with 3 bracts, outer smaller, inner spathulate. 
 Petals 6, cuneate. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filaments cylindric ; anthers ad- 
 nate, bursting transversely. Female fl. : JSlominodes 6, clavate. Ovaries 
 3 ; styles 2-partite, segments subulate. Drupes subglobose ; endocarp 
 horseshoe-shaped, dorsally crested and echinate, sides excavated. Seed 
 curved ; cotyledons elongate flat, scarcely broader than the radicle. 
 
 1. P. incanus, Miers Contrib. iii. 118, t. 3; leaves suborbicular ob- 
 tusa acute or retuse. P. aduncus, a.ssamicus, a??(/ membranaceus, Miers I.e. 
 119-122. Cocculus incanus, Coleb. in 2'rans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 57. Cissam- 
 pelos mauritiana, Wall. Cat. 4980 {not of DC). Menisp. villosum, Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. iii. 812 {not of Lamk.). 
 
 SiKKiM, Assam, the Khasia uills, Chittagono and throughout the Eastern 
 Peninsula. — Dibtrib. Java. 
 
 Branchlets tomentose, then glabrate. Xfave« 2-4 in. .diara., base truncate or sub- 
 cordate ; petiole 1-2 in. Cymes 2-3-chotomous, often many and superposed ; pe- 
 duncles 1-2 in,, axillary, many-flowered ; bracts subulate. Sepals villous. Petals acute 
 or obtuse, margins incurved. Drupes red. 
 
 12. STEFKANZA, Loureiro. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Leaves usually peltate. Flowers in axillary, cymose 
 "umbels. Male fl. : Sepals 6-10, free, ovate or obovate. Petals 3-5, obovate, 
 fleshy. Anthers 6, connate, encircling the top of the staminal column; 
 bursting transversely. Fem. fl. : Sepals 3-5. Petals of the male. Slami- 
 nodes 0. Ovary 1 ; style 3-6-partite. Drupe glabrous ; endocarp com- 
 pressed, horseshoe-shaped, dorsally tubercled, sides hollowed and per- 
 forated. Seed, almost annular ; cotyledons long, slender, a-terete, appressed. 
 — DiSTEiB. Tropics of the Old World. 
 
ania.] V. MENISPERMACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 103 
 
 1. S. hernandifolla, Walp. Eep. i. 96; branchlets glabrous, leaves 
 ovate or subdeltoid acute obtuse or acuminate, umbels capitate. H.f. dc T. 
 Fl. Ind. 196 ; Miers Contrih. iii. 222. S. intertexta, latifolia, and hypo- 
 glauca, Miers I.e. 224, 226, 227. Cissampelos hernandifolia, Willd. ; DC, 
 Prodr. i. 100 ; lioxb. Fl. hid. iii. 842; Wall Cat. 4977 1), E,F, G, H, K. 
 C. discolor, DC. l.c i. 101. C. hexandra, Roxh. I.e. iii. 842. Clypea her- 
 nandifolia, W. & A. Prodr. i. 14 ; Wight Ic. t. 939. 
 
 From NiPAL to Chittaqong, Singapore, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Islands, 
 trop, Australia, Africa. 
 
 Branchlets striate. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., base truncate or subcordate, glabrous or 
 thinly pubescent below only or on both surfaces, pale or glaucous beneath; petiole 1^- 
 4 in. Peduncles axillary, short or long; rays 8-12, with subulate bracts. Sepals 
 obovate, obtuse. Petals 3-4. Drupes red. — There are two marked varieties, the 
 Northern and Eastern, with peduncles and leaves beneath more or less pubescent, and 
 the Western one with these parts nearly glabrous. 
 
 2. S. eleg-ans, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. l95; branchlets glabrous, leaves 
 elongate-deltoid acuminate base truncate or cordate, umbels lax long- 
 peduncled. Miers Contrih. iii. 227. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 6-7000 ft. ; Khasia hills, 
 E.f.&T. 
 
 Branches slender, angled. Leaves 2\-A by 1-2^ in., sometimes obtuse, thin, coria- 
 ceous, pale beneath; petiole 1-2 in., slender. Umbels with many rays, sometimes 
 branched ; flowers purple or greenish, odour heavy. /Sepals acuminate. Petals obovate. 
 Drupe small, red. 
 
 3. S. rotunda, Lour. Fl. Coch. 747 ; branchlets glabrous, leaves broad- 
 ovate or suborbicular often repand or sinuate-lobed glabrous, umbels in lax 
 cymes. H.f. d- T .Fl. Ind. 197 ; Miers Contrih. iii. 215. C. longa {Khasia 
 5/>ecm6'7is), japonica, Roxburghiana, glabra, and glandulifera, Miers I.e. 213- 
 220, t. 119. Cocculus Roxburghianus, Wall. Cat. 4972 [not of DC.) ;W. <^ A. 
 Prodr. i. 450 in note. C. Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat. 4974. Cissampelos 
 glabra, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 840. Clypea Wightii, Am. in Wight III. i. 22. 
 
 Tropical and Temperate Himalaya, ascending to 7000 ft., from Sindh eastward 
 to the Khasia hills and Pegu. Southern hills of the Western Peninsula. — Disteib. 
 6iam, Cochin-China. 
 
 Roots subglobose. Leaves 3-7 in. diam., oltusa acute or acuminate, pale beneath, 
 
 f)etiole 3-9 in. Peduncles yAv\?i\Ae, usually slender, of the females stout; rays of umbels 
 ong or short ; bracts subulate ; flowers ^-4 in. diam., yellow. Sepals narrow cuneate, 
 puberulous. Petals shorter. Drupe pisiform. 
 
 13. CISSAMFEZiOS, Linn. 
 
 Suberect or climbing shrubs. Leaves often peltate. Male fl. : cymose. 
 i^epals 4, {5-6) erose. Peto/s 4, connate, forming in 4-lobed cup. Anthers 
 4, connate', encircling the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. 
 Fem. fl. : racemed, crowded in the axils of leafy bracts. Sejmls 2 (or 
 sepal and petal 1 each), 2-nerved, adnate to the bracts. Staminodes 0. 
 Ovary I ; style short, 3-fid or 3-toothed. Drupe ovoid, style-scar sub- 
 basal; endocarp horseshoe-shaped, compressed, dorsally tubercled, sides 
 excavated. Seed curved ; embryo slender ; cotyledons narrow, |-terete, ap- 
 pressed. — Disteib. All hot climates. 
 
 1. C Pareira, Linn. ; climbing, leaves orbicular-reniform or cordate, 
 male cymes long-peduncled many flowered hairy, female racemes with 
 
104 V. MENiSPERMACE^. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Cissampelos, 
 
 large reniformor orbicular bracts, drupes subglobose hirsute. DC. Prodr. i. 
 100; H.f. d- T. Fl.hid. 198; Miers Contrib. iii. 139. C. caapeba, Linn.; 
 Roxb. Fl hid, iii. 842. C. convolvulacea, Willd. ; Wall.^Cat. 4979 ; W. d' A. 
 Frodr. i. 14 ; Foxb. I.e. 842. C. orbiculata, discolor, and hirsuta. Buck ; 
 DC. I.e. 101. C. hernandifolia, Wcdl. Cat. 4979, partly. C. obtecta, WaU. 
 Gat. 4981. C. di versa, elata, grallatoria, eriantba, and delicatula, Miers I.e. 
 187-197. C. subpeltata, Ikwaites Enum. 13 and 399 ; Miers I.e. 195. Menisp. 
 orbiculatum, Linn. Cocculus orbiculatus, DC. I.e. 98. 0. villosus, Wall. 
 Cat. 4957 in part^ and C. membranaceus 4967 {diseased state). 
 
 Tropical and subtropical India, from Sindii and the Punjab to Ceylon and SiN- 
 CAPOUE. — DisTRiB. Cosmopolitan in warm regions. 
 
 A lofty climber; Branchlcts rarely glabrous. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., usually peltate, 
 obtuse and mucronate, rarely acute, base truncate or more or less cordate ; petiole 
 equalling the leaf or longer. Male cymes ^14 in. (sometimes replaced by a shoot with 
 small leaver and small axillary cymes), axillary or nearly so, usually 2-3 superposed, 
 decompound ; bracts minute, rarely foliaceous ; peduncle slender, pubescent tomentose 
 or hirsute. Fern, racemes 1-2, axillary ; bracts lax or densely imbricate, usually hoary, 
 sometimes petioled; pedicels very short. Ouar/e« rarely glabrate. Drupe ^m. iWam., 
 scarlet. — A careful reconsideration of the materials discussed in " Flora Indica," with 
 many additional specimens, and an eight years' further familiarity in India with both 
 native and cultivated forms, convince us that the view taken in the above work (which 
 is that of Eichler, Bentham, and Thwaites) is not invalidated by the vigorous attacks 
 of our friend Mr. Miers. 
 
 14. CirCX.X:A, Arnott. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Leaves usually peltate. Flmers in axillary panicles ; 
 Male H. : Sepals 4-8, connate into an inflated 4-pJlobed calyx. Petals 4-8, 
 more or less connate into a 4-5-lobed corolla. Anthers 4-0, connate, 
 crowning the staminal column, bursting transversely. Fem. fl. : Sepal 1, 
 oblong. 7-*e^// 1, orbicular. Ovary I; style short, 3-5-lobed, lobes radiating. 
 Druj^e ovoid, style-scar subbasid ; endocarp horseshoe-siiaped, dorsally 
 tubercled, sides convex 2-locellate (as in Limacut). Seed curved ; cotyledons 
 slender, ^-terete, appressed.— Distrlb. Tropical Asia. 
 
 1. C. Bunuanni, Jfiers Contrib. iii. 239,' t. 121 ; leaves peltate elon- 
 gate-deltoid acuminate base cordate or subsagittate suprepand, calyx 
 subglobose 6-8-lobed, corolla nrceolate subentire. //./. d- T. Fl. Ind. 201. 
 Cocculus Burmanni, DC. Frodr, i. 96. Clypea Burmanni, W. d- A. Frodr. 
 in part ; Bimn. Fl. Zeyl. t. 101, Khaptomeris Burmanni, Miers in Tayl. 
 Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 41. 
 
 CoNCAN, Gibson; and Ceylon; ascending to 2600 ft. 
 
 Branches pilose or glabrate. Leaves 2-4 by ^-2 in., thin, coriaceous, shining above, 
 usually pubescent beneath ; petiole 4-14 'n. Panicles equalling or exceeding the 
 leaves, many-lowered, pubescent. Male jl. and drupe pilose. Calyx much exceeding 
 the corolla. 
 
 2. C. peltata, //./. d: T. Fl. Lnd. 201 ; leaves peltate deltoid acute or 
 subacute, calyx campanulate 4-lobed, corolla an irregularly 4-lobed cup. 
 Miers Contrib. iii. 236. C. barbata, versicolor, Arnottii, laxiflora, and 
 debiliflora, Miers I.e. 237-242. Menisp. peltatum, Laml\ Cocculus peltatus, 
 DC. Frodr. i. 96. Cissampelos discolor, Wall. Cat. 4892, in part. C. 
 barbata, Wall. Cat. 4978. Clypea Burmanni, W. d' A. Frodr. I 74 in part. 
 Cyclea Burmanni, Arnott in Wight III. i. 22. Rhaptomeris Burmanni, 
 Miers in Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 41. liheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 49. 
 
Q/dea.] V. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 105 
 
 From Assam and the Khasia hills eastwards ; and throughout the Western and 
 Eastkkx Peninsula and Ceylon, — Distrib. Java, &c. 
 
 Branches grooved, sparsely clothed with reflexed hairs or glahrate. Leaves 3-6 by 
 2-4 in., thin, coriaceous, acute or obtuse, subrepand, ciliate, above glabrous or sparsely 
 pilose, usually pubescent beneath ; petiole 1-24 in. Panicles equalling or exceeding 
 the leaves ; males sometimes 1 ft, ; fem. much shorter ; bracts oblong or subulate ; 
 male flowers hispid or glabrous. Calyx much exceeding the corolla. Drupe pilose, — 
 The synonymy of this species is much confused with that of C. Burmanni, and owing 
 to some of the authentic specimens being floweriess these may require revision. 
 
 15. Z.OFKOPKVZ.X.UBX, Griffith. 
 
 Characters of Cyclea, but male flowers apetalous and female with 2 
 opposite fleshy saccate sepals. 
 
 1. Zi. bicristatum, Griff. Not. PI. Asiat. part iv. 313, t. 491 ; It. Notes. 
 114 No. 190, and 165 No. 854; leaves broadly cordate acuminate 7-9- 
 nerved. Peraphora robusta, Miers Gontrib. iii. 245, t. 122. Cyclea populi- 
 folia, H.f.d; T. Fl. hid. 202. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, in Sikkim and Bhotan, Griffith, &c. ; Khasia hills, H.f. & T. 
 
 A tall climber; bark white; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 3-6 in., firm, 
 coriaceous, glabrous above, pilose with rigid hairs and reticulate beneath ; petiole 2-4 
 in., cylindric, pubescent, base and tip thickened. Paiiicles slender, decompound, fas- 
 cicled, tomentose. Calyx globose, 4-lobed, Anthers 4-5, connate into a peltate disk. 
 Dru;pe \ in. diam., subglobose ; endocarp with 3 series of hooked spines on each edge. 
 
 16. FACHVGOMZ:, Miers. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Flowers axillary, racemed, dioecious. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, 
 outer smaller. Petals 6, much smaller, base auricled embracing the fila- 
 ment. Male fl. : Stamens 6, filament incurved ; anthers subglobose, 
 didymous, bursting transversely. Rudimentary cMpels 3, minute. _ Fem. 
 fl. : Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3 ; styles stout, horizontal. Drupes reniform, 
 style-scar subbasal ; endocarp reniform,^ rugulose. Seed horseshoe-shaped, 
 albumen ; cotyledons ^-cylindric, very thick, hard ; radicle very short. 
 
 1. P. ovata, Miers Gontrib. iii. 331, t. 135 ; leaves ovate-oblong or sub- 
 trapezoid, male racemes exceeding the leaves. H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 203. 
 P. Plukenetii, concinna, adversa, «/icZodorifera, Miers I.e. 330-334. Cissam- 
 pelos ovata, Poir. ; DG. Prodr. i. 102. C. Plukenetii, DG. I.e. i. 97 ; 
 W.d' A. Prodr. i. 14; Wight Ic. t. 824, 825. C. Wigbtianus, Wall. Gat. 
 4959 A. C officinarum, Piuk. Koon zeylanicus, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. 486, 1. 180. 
 
 Dry maritime places in the Carnatic and Ceylon. — Distrib, Java and Timor. 
 
 A lofty climber ; branches tomentose. Leaves 1^-2 by f-l^ in., thick, coriaceous, 
 obtuse, retuse or mucronate, base cuneate or rounded, 3-5-nerved, glabrous ; petiole 
 \-% in., with a basal ring of hairs; tip thickened. Racemes slender, pubescent, 
 females shortest ; peduncles very short.- Flowers minute, male in the axils of subu- 
 late bracts, female solitary. Petals 2- toothed. Drujies pisiform. 
 
 17. PVCNARRKENA, Miers. 
 
 Suberect or climbing shrubs. Flowers axillary, fascicled or shortly 
 panicled, dioecious. Male fl. : Sepals 6, with 3 bracts, inner larger orbicular. 
 Peta ls 6, sm all, lobed. Stamens 9, filaments very short ; anthers subdidymous, 
 bursting transversely. Fem. fl. ; unknown. Drupe broadly oblong, sub- 
 
106 V. MENISPERMACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Pycnarrhena* 
 
 gibbous, style-scar lateral ; endocarp subreiiiform. Seed slightly concave 
 ventrayy, albumen ; cotyledons oblong, ^-terete, very thick, slightly in- 
 curved, radicle minute, ventral. — Distrib. Two species, an Indian and 
 Bornean. 
 
 1. P. pleniflora," J/i'ers Contrib. iii. 353, t. 141 ; leaves oblong-lanceo- 
 late quite glabrous. P. planiflora, U.f.&T. Fl. Ind. 20G. Cocculus plani- 
 florus, Wall, Cat, 4961 {error fw pleniflorus). 
 
 SiLHET, Wallich. 
 
 Branches striate, pubenilous. Leaves 5-7 by l|-24 in., thin, coriaceous, obtusely 
 acuminate, puberulous on the midrib beneath, reticulate; nerves prominent beneath, 
 arching within the margin ; petiole | in., top clavate. Flowers almost capitate ; pe- 
 duncles ^-| in., pubescent, 1-2-flowered, with 2 basal and a median bract. Drupes 
 ^ in., smooth. — P. mecistophylla, Miers I.e. 353, from Assam (Griffith), described from 
 leaves only, does not appear to us to be congeneric. 
 
 18. KSMATOCARPUS, Miers. 
 
 A strong glabrous climber. Leaves very coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers 
 in axillary racemes, dioecious. Male fl. : Sepals 9-12 with 3 bracts, large. 
 Petals 6, base minutely auricled. Stamem 0, free ; anther-cells 2, remote on 
 the face of a large galeate dilated connective, bursting obliquely. Rudi- 
 mentary carpels 3, minute. Fem. fl. : unknown. Drupes 1-4, large, ovoid 
 fleshy, oblong, stalked, style-scar subbasal ; endocarp coriaceous, oblong, 
 adherent. Seed oblong, albumen ; embryo large, cotyledons accumbeht, 
 folded on themselves, very thick 2-terrete, obtuse ; radicle short, stout, in- 
 ferior. 
 
 1. K. Thomsoni, Miers Contrih. iii. 325, t. 134 ; leaves oblong obtusely 
 acuminate. F. comptus and incusus, Miers I.e. 32H, 327. Katerium vali- 
 dum, Miers in Tayl. Anal Ser. 3, xiii. 124. Fibraurea? hajmatocarpa, 
 H.f.iibT.Fl.Ind.ilOA. 
 
 SiKKiM- Himalaya and Khasia hills, alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 Branches stout, pale. Leaves 3-4 by H-2 in., base obtu.se or acute, pale or glabrous 
 beneath, nerves reticulate ; petiole slender, |-1 in. Jiacemes supra-axillary, solitary 
 or several, slender, branches short; Jiowers small; pedicels slender. Sepals ciliate. 
 Petals concave. Fruiting racemes woody, 1-3 in.; torus globose with 4-6 scars. 
 Drt<p(s 1^-2 in., smooth, suboblique ; stalks 4 in., stout; sarcoc.arp hard, blood-red; 
 mesocarp traversed by stout vessels from the thin crustaceous endocarp. 
 
 19. ANTZTAXZS, Miers. 
 
 A shrub. Leaves penninerved. Flowers in axillary fascicles, dioecious. 
 Male fl. : Sepals 8, in decussate pairs ; outer small ; 2 next obovate ; 4 inner 
 larger, orbicular, imbricate. Petals 2, obovate. Stamens 4, filaments clavate ; 
 anthers 1-celled, subglobose, bursting transversely. Fem. fl. • unknown. 
 Drupes 1-3, subglobose, style-scar ventral ; endocarp thin, fragile, subreni- 
 form oblong. Seed subglobose, concave ventrally, albumen 0; cotyledons 
 oblong, ^-terete, slightly incurved, very thick ; radicle minute, ventral. — ■ 
 Distrib. Eastern Archipelago. 
 
 1. A. fasdculata, Miers Contrih. iii. 336, t. 142 ; leaves oblong acumi- 
 nate glabrous, petiole tomentose. Cocculus lucidus, Teysm. <t Den. .Nat. 
 Tijdsch. iv. 397. 
 
Antitaxis,] v. MENiSPERMACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 107 
 
 Malacca, Griffith.— DisTmn. Java. 
 
 Branches rigid, flexuoiis, smooth ; young pubescent. Leaves 3^-4 by 1^-1 f in., sub- 
 coriaceous, base rouruled, concolorous, shining above, paler beneath with reticulate veins; 
 petiole f in. Peduncles of male numerous, 4-| in., slender, glabrous, blowers minute. 
 Drupes tomentose. — A very anomalous genus. 
 
 Order YI. BERBERIDE/E. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Usually shrubby, sometimes climbing, glabrous plants. Leaves simple or 
 compound, with articulate segments ; buds scaly. Stijmles very rare {Ber- 
 beris). Floivers often globose, regular, solitary or in simple or compound 
 racemes, usually yellow or white. Sepals a,nd petals free, bypogynous, very 
 caducous, 2-many-seriate,in3- rarely4-6-nary whorls, imbricate, or the sepals 
 rarely valvate. Stamens 4-6 (rarely 8) opposite the petals, free or connate ; 
 anthers adnate, erect, dehiscing by lateral or dorsal slits, or by 2 revolute or 
 ascending lids or valves. Carpels 1-3, rarely more, oblong ; style short or 0, 
 stigma dilated or conic or oblong ; ovules usually indefinite on the ventral 
 suture or covering the walls of the ovary, anatropous rarely orthotropous. 
 Ei]^ carp)els dry or fleshy, dehiscent or not. Seeds with a crustaceous fleshy 
 or bony testa; albumen copious, dense ; embryo minute or long, straight or 
 curved, radicle next the hilum. — Distrib. Genera about 20, with 200 species, 
 chiefly temperate and mountain plants. 
 
 Tribe I. Xiardizabaleae. Stem usually climbing. Flowers unisexual or 
 polygamous. Carpels 3. Seeds usually large, testa bony. 
 
 An erect shrub. Leaves pinnate 1. Decaisnea. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Leaves digitate. Stamens monadelphous . . 2. Parvatia. 
 
 Stamens free " . . 3. Holbcellia. 
 
 f. 
 
 Tribe II. Berbereae. Stem or erect. Flowers hermaphrodite. Carpel 
 1. Seeds usually small. , 
 
 Ovules erect, basal. Shrubs. Fruit berried 4. Berberis. 
 
 Ovules superposed along the ventral suture. 
 
 Leaves decompound. Ovules few 5. Epimedicm. 
 
 Leaves simple, palmate. Ovules many 6. Podophyllum. 
 
 1. DECAISNEA, H. f. & T. 
 
 An erect shrub. Leaves unequally pinnate, petioled jointed at base. Flowers 
 racemose, monoecious. Sepals 6, narrow, taper-pointed, subimbricate in 2 
 rows. Petals 0. Male fl. : Stamens 6, monadelphous ; anthers oblong, con- 
 nective Subulate. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 6, small, free. Ovaries 3, sub- 
 sessile, oblong ; stigma subsessile, oblong ; ovules many, 2-seriate. Fruit 
 of 3 spreading fleshy many-seeded follicles. Seeds large, compressed, testa 
 bony. 
 
 I>. Insiffnis, //./. <ih T. in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1854, ii. 349 ; Fl.Ind. 213 ; 
 leaflets opposite ovate or ovate-lanceolate long acuminate. Hook. f. III. 
 Him. PI. t. 10. Slackea insignis, Griff. I tin. Not. 187. 
 
 Forests of the Eastern Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; in Bhotan, Griffith, and Sikkim, 
 
 Ste 
 
 item naked, erect, simple, or forked. Leaves 2-3 ft., subterminal on the few short 
 branches. Leaflets 6-8 pair, 3-5 by 1^-3 in., thin, glaucous beneath ; petiole \-^ in. 
 
108 VI. BERBERiDE-E. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Dceaimea. 
 
 Bacemes 1 ft., horizontal, fascicled, terminal or leaf-opposed. Flowers 1 in. long, pen- 
 dulous, yellow-green ; pedicels as long ; bracts small, subulate, deciduous. Follicles 3 in., 
 cylindric, obtuse, recurved, edible. 
 
 2. PAXIVATXA, Decaisne. 
 
 A large climbing shrub. Leaves alternate, 3 foliolate. Flowei's racemed, 
 moncecious. Sejmls 6, 2-seriate, 3 outer valvate. Petals 6, lanceolate, much 
 smaller. Male fl. : Stamens 3, monadelphous ; anthers oblong, apiculate. 
 Fem. fl. : Stammodes 6, minute, free. Ovaries 3 ; stigma, sessile, oblong, 
 acute ; ovules many, covering the walls of the ovary, mixed with long hairs. 
 Fruit of 3, berried, indehiscent, many-seeded carpels. Seeds imbedded in 
 pulp. 
 
 1. P. Brunoniana, Decaisne in Archiv. Mus. i 190, t. 12 A; leaflets 
 ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate rarely obtuse. //./. d: T. Fl.Ind. 214. 
 Stauntouia Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 4592. 
 
 A88AM and KiiAsiA HILLS, alt. 3-4000 ft., Wallick, &c. 
 
 Bark of old branches pale corky, of young smooth. Petioles 3-5 in. Leaflets 3-5 
 by 1-2^ in., base subacute or rounded, shining above, glaucous below; petiole of mid- 
 leaflet 1 in., of lateral ^ in. Ftduncles 2-4 in., fascicled on scaly tubercles, rigid, slender; 
 pedicels spreading; bracteoles basal, minute, linear. Flowers greenish-white; male 
 ^, female | in. long. Carpels 4 in., obtuse at both ends, gi-anulate. — Assam specimens 
 have more membranous and obtuse leaves, less glaucous beneath. 
 
 3. UOZ.B(EX.Z.XA, Wall. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Leaves digitate. Flower's moncecious, in axillary fas- 
 cicles or racemes. Sepals 6, 2-seriate ; 3 outer valvate. Petals 6, minute, 
 orbicular. Male fl. : Stamens 6, free ; anthers apiculate. Fem. fl. : Sta- 
 minodes (3, minute. Ovaries 3 ; stigmas oblong ; ovules many, covering the 
 walls of the ovary. Fruit of 3, berried, many-seeded carpels. Seeds im- 
 bedded in pulp. 
 
 1. K. latifolla, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 24, t. 16 ; leaflets ovate or oblong, 
 lanceolate or linear in young plants, acuminate. 
 
 Himalaya, alt. 4-9000 ft., from Bhotau to Kumaon ; Khasia uills, alt. 4000 ft. 
 Uri'KR A8iiA.M at low elevations. 
 
 Trunk sometimes 4-6 in. diam., bark corky when old. Leaves 3-9-foliolate ; leaflets 
 3-6 by ^-2 in., base rounded or acute, shining above, pale and reticulate beneath ; 
 petiole of mid-leaflet its own length, of the lateral shorter. Peduncles solitary or 
 fascicled. Flowers subcorymbose, purplish-green, sweet-scented; male 4 -| in., fem. 
 larger. Carpels 2-3 in., sessile or short-stalked, oblong, obtuse at both ends ; very 
 variable. The characters of the seed require confirmation. 
 
 Var. 1. latifolla, leaflets 3-5, ovate or oblong, seeds straight obovoid. — H. latifolia, 
 WaU. I.e. ; Decaisne in Arc/do. Mas. i. 194, t. 12, B ; M.f. & T Fl. Ind. 215. H. 
 acuminata, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. ii. 313. Stauntonia latifolia. Wall. Cat. 4950. 
 
 Vak. 2. angmtifolia, leaflets 7-9, narrow- or linear lanceolate, seeds curved. — H. 
 angnstifolia. Wall. Tent. t. 17 ; Decaisne Q,nd H.f. d: T. I.e. Stauntonia angustifolia, 
 Wall. Cat. 4951. 
 
 4. BERBZSRZS, Linn. 
 
 Shrubs ; wood yellow. Leaves pinnate or simple and then fascicled in 
 the axils of 3-5-partite spines. Flowers yellow, hermaphrodite, fascicled, 
 racemed or solitary. Sepals 6, with 2-3 appressed bracts, imbricate in 2 
 
Berieris.] VI. berberide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 109 
 
 series. Petals 6, imbricate in 2 series, usually with 2 basal glands inside. 
 Stamens 6, free ; anther-cells opening by recurved valves. Ovary simple ; 
 stigma peltate, sessile or on a short style ; ovules few, basal erect. Berri/ 
 few-seeded. — Distrib. Species about 50, natives of N. temperate regions, 
 subtropical Asia, the Andes, and temperate S. America. 
 
 Sect. I. Blahonia, Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets'opposite. 
 
 1. B. nepalensis, Sj^reng. Syst. Veg. ii. 120 ; leaflets oblong ovate or 
 lanceolate spinous-toothed palmately 3-5-nerved, racemes dense .flowered. 
 Wall. Cat. 1480 ; H.f.<^ T. Fl. Ind. 219. B. miccia, Ham. ; Bon Prodr. 205. 
 B. acanthifolia, Wall.; Don Syst. Gard. i. 118. Mahonia nepalensis, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 109 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 4. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; from Garwhal to Bhotan ; Khasia hills, 
 alt. 4-5000 ft.; Mergui, Griffith; Nilghiri Mts., alt. 5-8000 ft.— Distrib. Japan? 
 
 Stem erect, 3-20 ft., subsimple, leafy near the top only. Leaves 6-18 in.; sheath 
 with 2 subulate stipules; leaflets 2-12 pair, 1-5 in., coriaceous, sessile, articulate with 
 the petiole. Eacemes 3-12 in., erect ; bracts 1-2 in., various ; bracteoles oblong or 
 ovate. Flowers fascicled ; pedicels J-4 in. slender. Berry g-4 in., violet, glaucous, 
 bitter. — Probably B. Bealii of Japan is not different. 
 
 Var. 1. nepalensis proper; leaflets usually narrow oblong or ovate-lanceolate, berry 
 elliptic. B. nepalensis, I.e. Northern and Eastern India. 
 
 Var. 2. Leschenaultii ; leaflets broader, berry globose. B. Leschenaultii, Wall. 
 Cat. 1479 ; Wight I.e. t. 940. Nilghiries. 
 
 Sect. IT. Berberis proper. Leaves simple, fascicled in the axils of 3-5- 
 partite (rarely simple) spines (reduced leaves). 
 
 * Flowers racemed, corymbose or subumbelled. 
 
 2. B. vulg-aris, L. ; leaves more or less deciduous obovate spinulose- 
 Serrate, flowers racemed, petals subentire, stigma sessile discoid. II. f. <& T. 
 Fl. Ind. 220. 
 
 Western Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Nipal to Marri, and in Western 
 Tibet. — Distrib. Temp. Europe and N. Asia. 
 
 An extremely variable plant. 
 
 Var. 1. vulgaris proper ; 8-10 ft., leaves 2-3 in. quite deciduous long petioled broad 
 oblong lanceolate or obovate acutely serrate, racemes exceeding the leaves pendulous 
 simple not glaucous, flowers larpje, berries oblong-ovoid compressed red, seeds 2-5. 
 DO. Prodr. i. 105.— Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 5-1000 ft. 
 
 Var. 2. cratcegina (sp. DC. Prodr. i. 106); a small bush, leaves l-2|in. coriaceous 
 and persistent entire or spinulose, racemes elongate, berries oblong or subspherical. 
 B. emarginata, Willd. ; sphferocarpa, Kar. & Kir^ hetei^oda, Schrenk ; turcomaniese, 
 Karel.—Ba\i\ & Kashmir, alt. 8-10,000 ft. 
 
 Var. 3. c^tnensis {sp. Presl. Flor. Sic. i. 28) ; low, rigid, robust, leaves 1-1 J in. 
 obovate obtuse or mucronate rarely lanceolate spinulose serrate rarely entire, nerves 
 prominent, racemes suberect or nodding rather exceeding the leaves — B. Kunwarensis, 
 Royle 111. 64.— Simla to Balti, alt. 6-12,000 ft. 
 
 Var. 4. hrachyhotrys {sp. Fdgew. in Trans. Linn. Sac. xx. 29) ; branches robust, 
 often glaucous, leaves ^-1^ in. hardly coriaceous obovate or lanceolate spinulose-serrate 
 or entire, racemes short many-flowered subcorymbose. — From Sikkim to Simla, alt. 
 6-12,000 ft. 
 
 Var. 5. cretica (sp. Linn.) ; low or prostrate, densely branched, leaves ^-1 in. 
 rigid coriaceous angled spinulose-serrate or lobulate, margin thickened, racemes longer 
 or shorter than the leaves. — (B. vulgaris var. australis, Boiss. B. Thunbergii, DC.) 
 Garwhal to Balti, alt. 9-11,000 ft. 
 
110 VI. BERBERIDE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Berberis 
 
 3. B. umbellata, Wall. Cat. 1475 ; leaves more or less deciduous ob- 
 ovate sparingly serrulate, flowers subumbellate on a long naked peduncle, 
 berries oblong, stigma flat sessile. Don >S>^ Gard. i. 116 ; H. f. d- T. Ft. 
 Ind. 224 B. aristata, DC. Frotlr. i. 106 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2549. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 9-11,000 ft., from Kumaon to Bhotan. 
 
 An erect straggling shrub, 8-10 ft. ; branches slender, rigid, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in., 
 submenibranous, green or glaucous beneath. Flowers like those of B. vulgaris. 
 
 4 B. aristata, DC. Syst. ii. 8 ; erect, leaves evergreen or nearly so, 
 obovate or oblong entire or with few distant spinous teeth, flowers in com- 
 pound often corymbose racemes, berries tapering into a short style, stigma 
 smaU subglobose. //./. tC- T. Fl. I, id. 224 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; from Bhotan to Kunawar. Nilghiri Mts. 
 and Cevlo.v, alt. G-7000 ft. 
 
 As variable as B. vulgaris. 
 
 Var. 1. aristata, purple, leaves 1-3 in. broad obovate or oblong elliptic acute or awned 
 entire or spinul )se-serrate towards the tip green or glaucous beneath, racemes com- 
 pound, flowers large, pedicels red. DC.Prodr. i. lOG ; lioyle III 04 ; \V(dL Cat. 1474. 
 Ji. tinctoria, Z/e«cA. / W. ci; A. Prodr. i. 16; Deless. Ic. iSel. ii. t. 2; Wiaht III. i. 8. 
 B. chitria, Ham. ; Don Prudr. 204 ; Bot. Beg. t. 72U. B. anguatifolia, Boxb. Hort. 
 Beng. 87. — Nipal to Sirmore. 
 
 Var. 2. Jloribunda {s}). Wall. mss. Cat. 1474); leaves smaller, flowers on long 
 peduncles, racemes subsiuiple or subumbellate. B. petiolaris, TJ'a/Z. under Cat. 1474; 
 Don iSijst. Gard. i. 115. B. affinis and ceratophylla, Don I.e. B. coriaria, lioyle 7ns3. ; 
 Lindl. in But. Reg N.iS.xiv. t. 46. B. umbellata, LiTidl. I.e. 1844, t.44 {not of Wall.). 
 — Kumaon to Kunawar. 
 
 Var. 3. micrantha ; leafy, leaves 1-3 in. very coriaceous obovate-lanceolate coarsely 
 spinulose-toothed, racemes long nodding, flowers small. Wall. Cat. 1474. — Bhotan 
 to Garwhal. 
 
 6. B. Ziycium, Royle HI. 64; Trans. Linn. Soc. xvil 94; bark white, 
 leaves subsessile subpersistent lanceolate or narrow obovate oblong usually 
 quite entire pale not lacunose glaucous beneath, raceme elongate, berries 
 ovoid, style conspicuous, stigma capitate. //./. (b T. FL Ind. 225. 
 
 Western Himalaya, in dry hot places ; alt. 3-9000 ft., from Garwhal to Hazara. 
 
 An erect rigid shrub, 6-8 ft. Leaves 1^-2 4 by ^-.^ in., coriaceous, mucronate, very 
 spiuulose, bright green above, venation lax. liactmts simple or compound, often 
 corymbose, drooping, longer than the leaves. Berry violet. — Very di.stinct in its 
 ordinary state, but some forms appear to pass into 13. aristata, and others into B. 
 dsiatica. 
 
 6. B. asiatica, Boxh. in DC. Syst. ii. 13; bark pale, spines 5-fid small, 
 leaves orbicular or broad obovate subentire or coarsely spinous lacunose 
 white beneath, racemes short corymbose, berries with a distinct style, stigma 
 capitate. Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 182; Ddess. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 1 ; Wall. Cat. 1477 
 {excl. syn. tinctoriae). B. hypoleuca, Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. il 246. 
 
 Dry valleys of the Himalaya, alt. 8-7500 ft. ; from Bhotan to Garwhal. Behar, on 
 Parasnath, alt. 3500 tt., Edgeuorth. — Distrib. Aflghauistan.- 
 
 An erect stout branched bush, 3-6 ft. Leaves 1-3 in., rarely acute, thickly coria- 
 ceous, very strongly reticulate beneath, liucemes peduncled or subsessile ; flowers 
 rather small, Ti~i '"• diam. Berry red or black, glaucous, often large, eatable. 
 
 ** Ted uncles fascicled, \-Jlowered. 
 
 7. B. Wallicliiana, DC. Prodr. i. 107; leaves evergreen lanceolate or 
 oblong- lanceolate, flowers many in a fascicle, berry ovoid or oblong. Wall, 
 
Berherls.] vi. berberide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) Ill 
 
 Plant. As. Ear. iii. t. 243; Cat. 1478 ; //./. <& T.Fl. Ind. 225. B. asiatica. 
 Griff. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. iv. t. 1648. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya in forests, alt, 8-10,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, 
 Griffith; Khasia hills, alt. 5-6000 ft. 
 
 Yar. 1. atroviridis {sp. Wall, mss.); branches angular, leaves l|-4 in, lanceolate 
 or narrow obovate, berries black-purple shining. B. Wallichiana, DC. Lc— Nipal to 
 Bhotan. 
 
 Var, 2, microcarpa; branches angled or deeply grooved, leaves as in Var. 1, but 
 emaller and sometimes quite entire, berries 5 in. elliptic-oblong, style short, stigma 
 small, — Khasia hills, 
 
 Var, 3. latifoUa; leaves 1-2 in, broadly obnvate or elliptic-oblong, flowers as in 
 Var. 1,— Skirts of woods, alt, 8-10,000 ft, in Sikkim. 
 
 Var. 4. pallida ; leaves 2-3 in. narrow lanceolate spinulose pale and glaucous 
 beneath, fascicles few-flowered. — Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 8. B. insig'xiis, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 226; erect, spines very few, leaves 
 evergreen large solitary or geminate elliptic or linear-lanceolate shining on 
 both surfaces spinous toothed, pedicels short thick, berries ovoid, stigma 
 sessile. 
 
 Humid forests of the Eastern Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft. ; from E. Nipal, H. /., 
 to Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 A beautiful holly-like bush, 4-6 ft. Leaves 3-7 in,, rather remote ; petiole short. 
 Flowers ^-20 in a fascicle, golden-yellow; pedicels 4-1 ^^-i curved. Petals 2-fid. 
 Berries ^ in,, black. 
 
 9. B. ulicina, H.f. <^ T. Fl. Ind. 227 ; glaucous, robust densely spiny, 
 leaves fascicled pungent margins thickened, pedicels very short, berries 
 small, stigma sessile. 
 
 Western Tibet; stony dry places in Nubra, alt. 14-16,000 ft,, T. T. 
 
 A small shrub, 1-2 ft. ; branches short, stout ; spines stout, rigid, base dilated. 
 Leaves 4 in., rigidly coriaceous, crowded, 1-2-toothed on each side. Flowers \ in. 
 diam,, orange-yellow, densely crowded'. Petals 2-fid, Ovary obscurely glandular, 
 4-ovuled. Berry black, glaucous. 
 
 *** Peduncles solitary {rarely 2-3"), l-flowered. 
 
 10. B. ang'ulosa, Wall. Cat. 1475 in part ; young shoots puberulous, 
 leaves small obovate or obovate-lanceolate puberulous, margins thickened, 
 peduncle exceeding the leaves stout curved, outer sepals equalling the 
 inner, berries broad pendulous. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt, 11-13,000 ft,, H.f. 
 
 A shrub, 4 1t. ; branches strict leafy; spines 3-5-fid. Leaves 1-1 4 in., fascicled, 
 thin, coriaceous, usually quite entire, o{)aque above, rather shining beneath ; nerves 
 subparallel. Flowers rather large. Outer sepals broad. Petals entire. Berries 
 ^-4 in., globose or broad oblong, red, 5-7-8eeded, edible ; stigma sessile or style short ; 
 peduncle stout, curved. 
 
 11. B. macrosepala, ff. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 4744 ; erect or prostrate, gla- 
 brous, leaves obovate-oblong coarsely spinulose-toothed, margins thickened, 
 peduncle slender, outer sepals equalling the inner, berries large ovoid. 
 H.f (£' T. Fl. Ind. 228. 
 
 Interior of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 12-13,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 A small shrub, 2-4 ft. ; branches spreading ; spines slender, equalling the leaves. 
 Leaves fascicled, 4-1 in., usually glaucous beneath. Flowers rather large, peduncle 
 curved, glabrous. Berries ^-% in., red, 6-10-seeded ; stigma sessile. 
 
 12. B. concinna, H.f. in Bot. Mag.t. 4744 ; prostrate, much branched, 
 branches slender red glabrous, leaves small obovate spiuous-toothed white 
 
112 VI. BERBERiDE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Berleris. 
 
 beneath margin thickened, peduncles slender, outer sepals half as long as 
 the inner, berries large oblong. //./. d' T. Fl. Ind. 229. 
 
 Interior valleys of Sikkim ; Himalaya, alt. 12^13,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 A small shrub, 1-3 ft., often forming appressed cushions, conspicuous for the deep 
 green upper and white under surface of its small deciduous leaves ; spines equalling 
 the leaves or shorter, 3-fid, slender. Leaves 4-f in., tip rounded or truncate. Peduncle 
 exceeding the leaves. Flowers bright-orange. Gerties ^-| in., pendulous, compressed, 
 many-seeded. . . .. 
 
 Doubtful species are (1) a shrub like ^. concinna and referred to it as var. p in Fl. 
 Ind., with angled and lobed spinous toothed leaves, found at 9-10,000 ft. in Kumaon 
 and Garwhal. (2) A Sikkim (alt. 9000 ft.) species allied to the above, in flower and 
 young leaf only, with obovate-lanceolate entire awned leaves, and fascicled or subum- 
 belled flowers on a slender peduncle. 
 
 5. EPIMSDZUM, Linn. 
 
 Herbs; rootstock creeping. Leavrs ternately compound. Flowers wliite 
 or coloured, racemed or panicled. Sepals 8, petaloid, in 2 opposite series, 
 outer smaller. Petals 4 opposite the sepals, hooded or spurred. Stameyis 
 4, opposite the petals ; anther-cells opening by recurved valves. Ovaiy 1; 
 style subulate, continuous with the dorsal suture, stigma dilated ; ovules 
 few or many, 2-.seriate on the ventral suture. Capsule elongate, unequally 
 2-valved, smaller valve deciduous, leaving the seeds attached to the persis- 
 tent larger. Seeds iew^ aril fleshy. — Distrib. Species about 8 ; temp. Europe 
 and Asia. 
 
 E. elatum, Morr. d- Dne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, ii 356; leaves 2-3- 
 ternate, leaflets ovate-cordate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acute, filaments 
 equalling the ovary, ovules 2-3. Dne. in J acq. Voy. Bot. 9, t. 8 ; //./. & T. 
 Fl. Ind. 231. 
 
 Wertekn Himalaya, Kashmir, Banahal and Kishtwar, alt. 6-8000 ft., Jacque- 
 movt, &c. 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft., slender, glabrous. Leaves 6-12 in.; leaflets 1-2^ in., lateral oblique, 
 membranous, spinulous-toothed. Panicle glabrous or glandular; bracts minute. 
 Flowers J in. dium., yellow-white. Anthers linear. Ovary linear ; style slender, per- 
 sistent. Capsule membranous. Seeds 2-3, reniform black. 
 
 6. POOOKPYZ.Z.UM, Linn. 
 
 Scapigerous herbs ; rootstock creeping, scaly, 2-1 caved. Leaves peltate, 
 palmately lobed. Flowers large, white or rose-coloured. Sepals 3-6, peta- 
 loid. Petals 6-9 (rarely 4). Stamens as many or twice as many as the 
 petals ; anther-cells opening by slits. Ovary simple ; stigma large, sessile, 
 peltate ; ovules many, on a broad ventral placenta. Fruit berried, many- 
 seeded. Seeds obovoid, imbedded in pulp. — Distkib. A N. American and 
 a Himalayan species. 
 
 1. P. emodi, Wall. Cat. 814 ; scape supra- axillary, stamens usually 6. 
 Royle III. 64 and 379 in note ; H.f. d T.Fl. Ind. 232. P. hexandrum, 
 Moyle I.e. ; Dne. in J acq. Voy. Bot. ii. t. 9. 
 
 Interior ranges of the Himalaya, alt. 9-14,000 ft., from Sikkim to Hazara, 
 descending to 6000 ft. in Kashmir, 
 
 Stem, or scape 6-12 in., erect, stout, herbaceous. Leaves 2, vernal, alternate, long- 
 petioled, plaited and deflexed in veuation, 6-10 in. diam., orbicular, 3-5-lobed to tm? 
 
Podophyllum.] VI. BERberide^. (Hook. f. &. Thorns.) 113 
 
 middle or base; lobes cuneate, acutely serrate. Peduncle terminal in bnd, then appa- 
 rently supra-axillary or inserted on the petiole of the upper leaf. Flowers 1-1 4 in. 
 diam. /Sejials very deciduous. Petals 6, sometimes 4 {Boyle), obovate- oblong. Berry 
 1-2 in., ellipsoid, red, edible. 
 
 Order VII. NYMPH^ACEZB. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Aquatic perennial herbs. Leaves usually floating, often peltate, margins 
 involute in vernation. Scapes 1-flowered, naked. Floral-whorls all free, 
 hypogynous or adnate to a fleshy disk that surrounds or envelops the car- 
 pels. Sepals 3-5. Petals 3-5, or many. Stamens many. Carpels 3 or more 
 m one whorl, free or connate or irregularly sunk in pits of the disk ; stigmas 
 as many as carpels, peltate or decurrent ; ovules few, or many and scattered 
 over the walls of the cells, anatropous or orthotropous. Fruit formed of the 
 connate carpels, or of separate and indehiscent carpels, or of the enlarged 
 turbinate flat-topped disk with the nut-like carpels sunk in its crown. 
 Seeds naked or arilled ; albumen floury or ; embryo enclosed in the en- 
 larged amniotic sac. — Disteib. Temperate and tropical ; genera 8, species 
 30-40. 
 
 Suborder I. Cabombeae. Sepals and petals 3 each, free. Carpels free. 
 Ot)ules few. Seed^ albuminous. 
 
 1. Brasenia. 
 
 Suborder II. Nymphaeee. Sepals 4-6. Petals and stamens indefinite. 
 Carpels confluent with one another or with the disk into one ovary. Ovules 
 many. Seeds albuminous. 
 
 Sepals, petals and stamens ^-superior, inserted on the disk, which 
 
 is continent with the carpels 2. Nymphjea. 
 
 Sepals inferior ; petals superior ; carpels sunk in the torus ... 3. Barclaya. 
 
 Sepals, petals and stamens superior. Carpels sunk in the torus , 4. Euryale. 
 
 Suborder III. Neluxnbieee. Sepals 4-5. Petals and stamens indefi- 
 nite. Carpels irregularly scattered, sunk in pits of the turbinate disk. 
 Ovules 1-2. Seed exalbuminous. 
 
 6. Nelumbidm. 
 
 1. BRASBNIA, Schreber. 
 
 A slender aquatic, with a creeping rootstock. St^m branched. Leaves 
 alternate, peltate, floating ; petioles and peduncles clothed with mucus. 
 Flower red, peduncles axillary. Sepals 3. Petals 3, linear. Stamens 12-18; 
 anthers linear, slits lateral. Disk small. Ovaries 6-18, cylindric ; stigma 
 dilated, villous ; ovules 2-3, pendulous from the walls of the ovary. Carpels 
 coriaceous, indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. 
 
 1. B. peltata, Pursh. ; leaves elliptic-oblong, peduncles pubescent. 
 Pl.f. & 1\ Fl. hid. i. 246. Hydropeltis purpurea, Richard ; DC. Prodr. 
 112 ; Griff. I tin. Notes, 160. 
 
 BiioTAN near Punaka, alt. 6000 ft., Griffith; Khasia mLLs near Nonkreem, alt. 
 4600 ft., H.f. & T. — DisTiiiB. Eastern N. America; Eastern Australia. 
 
 Leaves 2-4 in. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals pubescent. Petals rose-red. 
 VOL. I. I 
 
114 VII. NYMPH^ACEJ2. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)'^ [Nymphaa. 
 
 2. MYBIPKHIA, L. 
 
 Large herbs ; rootstock creeping. Flowers expanded, large, floating on 
 long radical scapes. Sepals 4, adnate to the base of the disk. Petals in 
 many series, inner successively transformed into stamens, all adnate to the 
 disk. Filaments ^QtSiloidi; anthers small, linear, slits introrse. Ovaries 
 many, in 1 series, sunk in the tleshy disk and with it forming a many- 
 celled ovary crowned by the connate radiating furrowed stigmas ; ovules 
 many, anatropous. Fi-uit a spon^ berry ripening under water. Seeds 
 minute, buried in pulp, enclosed in a sac-like fleshy aril. — Dijjtjrib. Species 
 20 ; most temperate and tropical regions. 
 
 1. N. alba, Linn. ; leaves cordate quite entire, flowers white, anthers 
 without appendages, stigmatic rays about 16 with cylindric appendages. 
 II,f.(i'T.FLInd.24l. 
 
 Kashmir lake, ah. 5300 fl. — Distrib. Europe, Siberia. 
 
 Leaves 5-10 in. diani., suborliculate, lobes contiguous. Sepals linear or ovate-oblnng, 
 nerves reticulate. Petals about 10, outer linear-oblong, equalling the sepals. Pollen 
 echinulate. Steda minute, striate and punctate. 
 
 Vak. KasJimiriana, H.f. & T. I.e. ; ovaries pubescent or villous. N. Cachemeriana, 
 Camhess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. ii. t. 10 ; N. alba, var. Kosteletzkyi, Planch, in Ann. Sc. 
 Nat. Ser. 3, xix. 33. — Kashmir, Jacquemont. 
 
 2. N. ZiOtus, Linn. ; leaves sharply sinuate-toothed, flowers white rose 
 or red, sepals obtuse ribbed, anthers without appendages, stigmatic rays with 
 clubbed appendages. //. /". d' T. Ft. Ind. 241. N. rubra, Poxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 
 576; W. lb A. Prodr. 17 ; ^Vight III. i.t. 10 ; Wall. Cat. '7255. N. Devonieusis, 
 Hook. Pot. Mag. t.'4665. N. edulis, i>C'. ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 578 ; Wall. Cat. 
 72-A. 
 
 Common throughout the warmer parts of India. — Distrib. Africa, Hungary, Java, 
 Philippine Islands. 
 
 Leaves 6-12 in. broad; young sagittate. Flowers 2-10 in. broad, very variable in 
 colour. /SWjo/.* oblong, 5-10-ribbed. Pirf^Zs linear or ovate-oblong. Filaments hvo&dly 
 dilated at the base ; pollen smooth. Seeds broadly ellips<ad, rough. 
 
 Y AR. 2>ube.'icen.'i, 11. f. &T. Fl. Ind. 241; leaves puberulous or pubescent beneath, 
 flowers smaller. N. pubescens, Willd.; W. & A. Prodr. 17 and 447 ; WaU. Cat. 7256 ; 
 N. sagittata, Edgw. m IVans. Linn. Soc. xx. 29. 
 
 3. N. stellata, Willd. ; leaves quite entire or obtusely sinuate-toothed, 
 flowers variously coloured, petals acute or taper-pointed, anthers with long 
 appendages, stigmatic rays terminating in short horns without appendages. 
 H.f. (i'T.FLIiid. I 243. 
 
 Common throughout the warmer parts of India. — Distrib. Africa. 
 
 Leaves orbicular or eUiptic,' often blotched with purple beneath, lobes acute or obtuse. 
 Flowers 1-10 in. diam,, blue, white, rose, or purple, slightly odorous. SepuU many- 
 veined, not ribbed, often streaked with fine short purple lines. Petals 10-30, linear- 
 oblong or lanceolate. Stamens 10-50; pollen smooth. Stigmatic rays 10-30. Seeds 
 Bubstriate. 
 
 Var. 1. cyanea, H.f. & T. I.e.; flowers medium-sized blue scarcely odoroup. — N. 
 cyanea, Roxh. FL Ind. iii. 577 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 17 ; Wall. Cat. 1253, A, D. N. 
 stellata jS, Bot. Mag. t. 2058. 
 
 Var. 2. parvijlora, H.f. & T. I.e.; flowers usually smaller blue. — N. stellata, Willd; 
 W.(& A. Prodr. i. 17 ; Wall. Cat. 7253, C & E. 
 
 Var. 3. versicolor^ H.f. d; T. I.e. ; flowers larger white blue purple or flesh-coloured, 
 stamens very many. — N. versicolor, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii.577 ; Bot. Mag. 
 t. 1189; Wall. Cat. 1251. N. punctata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 29. N. 
 Kdgeworthii and N. Hookeriana, Lehm. der Gatt. Nymph. 7 and 21. 
 
Nymphma.'] vii. nymph^ace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 115 
 
 4. N. pyg'xnaea, Alton; very small, leaves oblong-orbicular or quite 
 entire, lobes acute, flowers white, stamens without p-ppendages, stigmatic 
 rays 4-8 broad ovate spoon-shaped. Bot. Mag. t. 1525 , H.f. <hT, FL Ind. 
 244 
 
 Khasia hills, Jenkins^ in marshes at Nonkreem, alt. 5600 ft., H. /. & T. — Distbib. 
 Siberia, N. China. 
 
 Rootstoch woolly with soft black hairs. Leaves 1-2 in. long, lobes diverging. 
 Flowers 1^-2 in. diarn. Calyx buse square ; sepals 4, obtuse. Petals about 10, obtuse. 
 Stamens 3-4-seriate ; pollen subgranular. 
 
 3. BARCZ.AVA, WaUich. 
 
 An aquatic herb ; rootstock short, villous. Leaves linear-oblong, hastate, 
 floating. Peduncles extra-axillary. Flowers red or purplish. Sepals 5, in- 
 serted at the base of the ovary. Petals numerous, 3-seriate, united into a 
 tube that is •confluent with the carpels. Stamens many-seriate, inserted on 
 a ring within the corolla-tube ; anthers pendulous from recurved fila- 
 ments, outer imperfect. Ovaries about 10, confluent, top conical; styles 
 conniving into a 10-rayed cone, stigmatiferous within ; ovules many, ortho- 
 tropous, parietally scattered. Berry globose, pulpy, crowned with the 
 corolla-tube and annular torus. Seeds spheric, echinate, albumen floury ; 
 embryo minute. 
 
 1. B. long'ifolia, ^Yall. in Trar^. Linn. Soc. xv. 442, t. 18; Hook. Ic, 
 PL t. 809, 810; Griff. Notal. 218, t. 57 ; //./. <h T. Fl. Ind. 246. 
 
 BiRMA and from Pegu to Mergdi, 
 
 Leaves 6-8 by 1-1^ in., membranous, smooth or pubescent beneath; petiole as long, 
 slender. Flowers J-lJ in. long, dull green outside, red or purple within, inodorous. 
 Fruit as large as a cherry. 
 
 4. EURVAX.E, Salisb. 
 
 A densely prickly aquatic ; rootstock thick. Leaves orbicular, corrugate. 
 Flowers violet, partially submerged. Sepals 4, erect, inserted on the edge 
 of the torus above the carpels. Petals numerous, 3-5-seriate, shorter than 
 the petals. Stamens many, many-seriate, fascicled in eights ; filaments 
 linear ; pollen spheric, 3-nucleate. Ovary 8-celled, sunk in the dilated top 
 of the torus; stigma discoid, depressed, concave; ovules few, parietal. 
 Berry spongy, crowned with the persistent sepals. Seeds 8-20, aril pulpy ; 
 testa thick, black, albumen mealy, embryo small. 
 
 1. E. ferox, Salisl. ; Roxb. Cor. Plant, iii. t. 244 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1447 ; 
 H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 245. E. indica and E. ferox. Planch. Etudes Nymph. 29. 
 Anneslia spinosa, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 573. 
 
 OuDE ; Jheels of Eastern Bengal, and Kashmir Lake. — Distrib. China. 
 
 Rootstock short. Leaves 1-4 ft. diam., elliptic or orbicular, green above, downy and 
 red or purple beneath, with strong spiny ribs. Flowers 1-2 in. long, bright red inside, 
 green and shining outside. Berry 2-4 in. diam. Seeils from a pea to a cherry in size, 
 much eaten roasted. 
 
 5. NEXiUMBIUXtl, Juss. 
 
 An erect large, water herb with milky juice; rootstock stout, creeping. 
 Leaves raised high above the water, peltate. Flowers rose-red white or 
 yellow. Sepals 4-5, inserted on the top of the scape, caducous. Petals and 
 stamens many, hyp^gyuoiis, many-seriate, caducous. AntJiers with a clubbed 
 
 I 2 
 
116 VII. NYMPH^ACE-E. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Nehmhiim. 
 
 appendage. Ovaries many, 1-celled, sunk in the flat top of an obconic 
 fleshy torus, attachment lateral ; style very short, exserted, stifrma terminal, 
 dilated ; ovules 1-2, pendulous. Cai'pels ovoid, loose in the cavities of the 
 enlarged spongy torus; pericarp bony, smooth. Seed filling the carpel, 
 testa spongy, albumen ; cotyledons fleshy, thick, enclosing the large 
 folded plumule. — Distrib. Species 2, one Asiatic and Australian ; the 
 other W. Indian. 
 
 1. N. speciosum, Willd. ; Wight d- Am. Prodr. i. 16 ; Roxb. Ft. Ind. 
 647 ; Wight ILL i. t. 9 ; //. f. <!c T. Fl. Ind. 247. N. asiaticum, Rich, in 
 Ann. Mas. xvii, 249, t. 9. Nelumbo Indica, PoiV. Encycl. iv. 453. Cyamus 
 Nelumbo, Smith Exot. Bot. i. 59, t. 31, 32. C. mysticus, Scdisb. Ann. Bot. ii. 
 75. Nymphsea Nelumbo, Linn. 
 
 Throughout India, extending as far to the N.W, as Kashmir. — Distrib. Persia, 
 Malay Islands, China, Japan, Tropical Australia. 
 
 Peduncles &nd petioles 3-G ft. high, full of spiral vessels, smooth or j^iiJj|,^a]J scat- 
 Wpfl ^pi^ ^-kJfiK ^. Leaves 2-3 ft. diani., membranous, glaucous, cupped. Plowers 4-TTnh: 
 diXin!7wliitf or rose. Petals elliptic, concave, veined. Fruiting torus 2-4 in. diain. 
 Ripe carpels from the size of a pea to a small cherry. ' 
 
 Order VIH. PAPAVERACEJB. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Annual or perennial lierbs ; juice usually milky or coloured. Leaves 
 radical or alternate, stipules 0. Flowers oiteii large, nodding in bud, regular, 
 hermaphrodite ; perianth and stamens very caducous. St/)a/s 2, hypogynous, 
 concave. Petals 4, 2-seriate, large, crumpled. Stameu.'i very many, fila- 
 ments slender ; anthers erect, slits lateral. Ovary 1-celled^ or 2-4-celled by 
 the produced placentas ; style short or ; stigmas radiating, connate and 
 opposite the placentas, or free and alternating with them ; ovules many- 
 seriate, parietal, anatropoiis. Carj>els dehiscing by pores or valves. Seeds 
 many, small, albumen oily and fleshy ; embryo minute, 2-lobed or 2-fid. 
 — DisTiUB. About 17 genera and 65 species, chiefly natives of the N. Temp. 
 Zone. 
 
 The European genera Glaucium and Rameria, both natives of Affghanistan, have 
 not been found in the Lritibb possessions. 
 
 * Capsule usually short, opening by short valves or pores. 
 
 Stigmas 4 or more, radiating on a sessile disk 1 . Papaver. 
 
 Stigmas 4-6, radiating from the top of a depressed style . . . 1.*Argemone. 
 Stigmas 4-6, decurreut on the top of the style 2. Meconopsis. 
 
 ** Capsule short or long, dehiscing throughout its length. 
 
 Ovary 1-celled ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed 3. Cathcartia. 
 
 Ovary 1-celled ; style erect, stigma 2-4-lobed 4. Stylophorum. 
 
 . 1. PAPAVER, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs, juice milky. Leaves lobed or cut. Flowers on 
 long pedimclcs. Ovary 1-celled ; stigma discoid or pyramidal with radiating 
 lobes opposite the placentas which project into the cell. Capsule short, 
 opening by small valves under the lobes of the persistent stigma. Seeds 
 small, pitted.— Distrib. Species about 12, temp. Europe and Asia, with an 
 Australian and a S. African representative. 
 
Pa2)aver.] viii. pap averages. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 117 
 
 1. P. nudicaule, L. ; perennial, hairy, flowers orange-yellow, capsule 
 obovoid hispid. //./. & T. Ft. Ind. 249. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 16-17,000 ft., T. T., &c.— Distrib. Afifghanistan, Mts. of 
 Central and Northern Europe, N. Asia, Arctic regions. 
 
 Bootstock scaly. Leaves 2-4 in., all radical, obovate or oblong, pinnatifid ; lobea 
 linear-oblong, hairy. Scapes several, 4-12 in. Flowers 2-3 in. diam. Sepals densely 
 hairy, 
 
 ^ 2. P. hybriduxn, L. ; leaves 2-3-pinnatifiti sparingly hispid, filaments 
 dilated upwards, capsule subglobose hispid, stigma convex rays 4-8. 
 
 Punjab near Peshawur, Vicary ; Jelam valley, Jacquemont. — Distrib. Afifghanis- 
 tan, W. Asia, N. Africa, Europe. 
 
 Annual, sparingly branched, 10-18 in. Leaves more or less cut into linear awned 
 segments ; radical petioled, cauline sessile. Flower 1-2 in. diam., scarlet, with a black 
 disk. Sepals hairy, obtuse. Capsule ^ in. long. Stigmatic rays reaching or exceeding 
 the edge of the disk. 
 
 3. P. Rhoeas, L. ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, filaments filiform, capsule sub- 
 globose glabrous, stigma convex rays 8-12. 
 
 Kashmir, Falconer^ &c. — Europe, W. Asia, N.Africa. 
 
 Annual, branched, hispid, 1-2 ft. Leaf-lohes more or less cut, ascending, awned. 
 Scapes with spreading or appressed hairs. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., scarlet ; pairs of 
 petals unequal. Stigmatic rays overlapping. Capsule stalked. 
 
 4. P. dubium, L. ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, filaments filiform, capsule 
 obovoid glabrous, stigma 6-1 2- rayed. M.f. (h T. Fl. Ind. 250. P. glabrum, 
 Royle III. 67. 
 
 Western Himalaya from Garwhal to Hazara, in cornfields. — Distrib. Afifghanistan, 
 Europe, W. Asia. 
 
 Habit of P. Rhoeas, but often glabrous, and leaf segments usually narrower ; hairs of 
 scape appressed. Petals scarlet, in unequal pairs. Capsule sessile. 
 
 P. soMNiFERXJM, L. ; leaves oblong amplexicaul lobed toothed and ser- 
 rate, filaments slightly dilated, capsule globose, glabrous, stigmatic rays 5-12. 
 Boxb. Fl.Ind. ii. 571 ; W. S A. Frodr. 17 ; WaU.Cat. 8118 ; H.f. dh T. FL 
 Ind. 250. P. amsenum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxv. Misc. 56. 
 
 Cultivated throughout India. — Distrib. Cultivated in temp, and warm regions of 
 Europe, Asia, and N. Africa. 
 
 Annual, 2-4 ft., glaucous, simple, rarely branched, usually quite glabrous. Leaves 
 ovate- oblong or linear-oblong. Floioer large, white purple or scarlet. Sepals glabrous. 
 Capsule 1 in. diam., stalked. Seeds white or black, — Opium poppy. 
 
 P. orientale, L., and P. Argemone, L., are common garden plants in India. i 
 
 1.-^ ARGEiyiONi:, Linn. 
 
 An erect prickly annual ; juice yellow. Flowershright yellow. Sepals 2-3. 
 Petals 4-6. Stamens indeHnite. O'yary 1- celled; style very short, stigma 
 4-7-lobed ; ovules many, on 4 -7 parietal placentas. Capsule short, dehiscing 
 at the top by short valves, that alternate with the stigmas and placentas. 
 Seeds many. — Distrib. A small American genus, of which the following 
 species is naturalized throughout India. 
 
 A. MEXiCANA, L. ; leaves sessile ^-amplexicaul sinuate-pinnatifid varie- 
 gated green and white. Boxh. Fl.Ind. ii. 571; W. (k A.Prodr.'x. 18; WigH 
 lU, t. 11 ; Wall. Cat, 8126 ; E. /. <Sc T. Fl. Ind, 251. 
 
118 VTii. PAPAVERACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ArgemoTie. 
 
 By roadsides and in fields throughout India. 
 
 A robust herb, sometimes half- woody below, 2-4 ft., with spreading branches. 
 Leaves 3-7 in. Flowers 1-3 in. diam. Sepals homed at the top. Capsule f-l^ in. 
 long, terete, usually bristly, elliptic or oblong. 
 
 2. BZBCONOPSZS, Viguier. 
 
 Perennial herbs ; juice yellow. Leaves entire or lobed. Flowers solitary 
 or racemed, large, blue yellow or purple. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary 
 l-celled ; style distinct, stigmatic lobes radiating on its clubbed extremity. 
 Cajmde ovoid or elongate, with short valves below the persistent style. 
 Seeds many, small, rugose. — Distrib. Mountains of the N. hemisphere ; 
 species about 10. 
 
 * Scapes radical, \-Jlcwered. 
 
 1. IH.'simplicifolia, U. f. <k T. Fl. Ind. 252 • softly hairy, leaves lan- 
 ceolate entire or few-toutlied. Nook./. III. llim. PL t. 8. Papaver simpli- 
 cifolium, Don Prodr. 196 ; Wall. Col. 8125. 
 
 SuBALPiNE Himalaya, Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkiin, alt. 12-14,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 Root stout, fusiform ; neck villous. Leaves many, 2-3 in., tapering into a petiole. 
 Scapes stout, clothed with deflexed hairs. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., blue-purple. Sepals 
 hispid. Ovury cylindric; style ^ in., stigmas 5-8. Capsule 2 in., linear-oblong, covered 
 with deciduous hairs. 
 
 2. IWC. horridula, //./. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 252; prickly, leaves lanceolate 
 subentire. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 14-17,000 ft., JJ./. 
 
 Stem 0, or short. Leaves 3-5 in., obtuse or acute. Scapes 4-8 in., many, rigid, 
 erect, densely prickly. Flowers li in. diam., blue-purple. Sepals bristly. Capnule 
 ^1 in., prickly, obovate or oblong; style J in., stigma conical. — Pos.sibly a state of Jf. 
 acukata. In abnormal flowers the petals are sometimes many and linear. 
 
 ** Stems hafy. Flowers racemed or panided. 
 
 3. M. aculeata, Po7/le III. 67, t. 15,; prickly, leaves irregularly pinna- 
 tifid, flowers blue-purple, capsules short prickly and bristly. Wafl. Cat. 
 8122; //./. di' T. Fl. I mi 253; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5456. M. Gul. Walde- 
 mani, Klotzsch. Reis. Pr. Wald. t. 36. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon; alt. 11-15,000 ft. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., smooth, except the short scattered prickles. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong or 
 lanceolate, long-petioled ; cauline sessile. Flowers 2-3 in. diam.; jjcdicels slender, 
 prickly in fruit. Capsule 4-| in., densely prickly, obconic-obovate or oblong ; style 
 half as long. 
 
 4. Tfl. robusta, H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 253 * glaucous, sparsely hairy, leaves 
 pinnatifid, capsule linear-oblong 7-8- valvea clothed with spreading bristles. 
 Wall. Cat. 8121, 8124. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-10,000 ft. ; from Nipal, Wallich, to Kumaon. 
 
 Stem 4-6 ft. Leaves 8-14 in., pinnate, lobes pinnatifid, long-petioled, cauline sessile. 
 Flowers 2-3 in. diam., colour unknown, in subracemoee panicles ; pedicels 3-4 in., 
 densely clothed with reflexed bristles under the flower, elongating in fruit. Sepals 
 bristly. Capsule 1 4 in-, densely bristly, at length glabrous ; style slender. 
 
 6. Bff. nipalensis, BC Prodr. i. 121 ; stellately pubescent and laxly 
 hairy, leaves sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, flowers golden yellow, sepals 
 
Mecompsis.] viii. p^paverace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) \119 
 
 setose, capsule obovate-oblong 8-10-valved. Wall. Cat. 8123 A ; H.f. dc T. 
 Fl. Ind. 253 ; H.f. III. Him. Fl. t. 9. Papaver paniculatum, DonProdr. 197. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft.; Nipal, Wallich, Slkkira, H.f. 
 
 Stem 3-5 ft., stout, erect, nearly simple ; young parts clothed with soft golden villous 
 hairs. Leaves 10-16 in., oblong or lanceolate, softly pubescent when young. Flowers 
 2-34 iri- diiini., in elongated nearly simple racemes. Sepals densely tomentose and 
 bristly. Capsule 14-2 in., clothed with appressed hairs and stellate down ; style ^in. 
 
 6. 3M[. Walliohii, Hooh. Bot. Mag. t. 4668 ; slender, stellately pubescent 
 and softly hairy, leaves pinnatifid, flowers much panicled purple, sepals not 
 setose, capsule elliptic-oblong 5-valved. Wall. Cat. 8123 B; H. f <&; T. 
 Fl. Ind. 254. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt, 9-10,000 ft. ; in Nipal, Wallich, and Sikkim, H.f. 
 
 Stem 4-6 ft., branched. Leaves 8-12 in., oblong or obovate-lanceolate, glaucous 
 beneath; long-petioled. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., many; pedicels short. Sepals densely 
 pubescent. Capsnle 1 in., elliptic-oblong, 5-valved, densely bristly.— There is much 
 .confusion in the Wallichian Herbarium amongst the specimens of the three last species 
 (which are included in his numbers 8123, 8124 and 8125), and which we suspect may 
 be reduced to two ; and we are further not sure to which Don's Papaver paniculatum 
 belongs. 
 
 3. CATKCARTIA, Hook. f. 
 
 A perennial softly hairy herb; juice yellow. Leaves long-petioled, cor- 
 date, lobed. Flowers racemed, golden-yellow. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary 
 1 -celled ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed ; ovules many, on 4-6 parietal placentas. 
 Capsule cylindric, dehiscing throughout its length by valves between the 
 placentas which remain attached to the persistent stigma. Seeds stro- 
 phiolate. 
 
 1. C. villosa, Hookf in Bot. Mag. t. 4596; H.f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 254. 
 
 Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 Stem 10-18 in., sparingly branched. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., long-petioled; 3-5-lobed, 
 lobes variously cut ; cauline shorter petioled and less divided, uppermost sessile. 
 Flowers few, 2-3 in. diam., in few-flowered racemes ; pedicels slender, curved. Cap- 
 sules 2-3 in., slender, erect, valves membranous. 
 
 4. STV1.0PK0RUBI, Nuttal. 
 
 Perennial herbs ; juice yellow. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers yellow or red. 
 Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary 1-celled; style erect, stigmas 2-4, ascending, 
 papillose on the inner surface; ovules many, on 2-4 parietal placentas. 
 Capsule ovoid-oblong or linear, dehiscing by 2-4 valves between the pla- 
 centas which remain attached to the persistent stigmas. — Distrib. Species 
 4-5, temperate European and Asiatic. 
 
 1. S. lactucoides, Benth. <fc Hooh.f. Gen. PL 53 ; laxly hairy, leaves 
 runcinate pinnatifid, flowers yellow. Dicranostigma lactucoides, H. f. dt T. 
 Fl. Ind. 255. 
 
 Inner ranges of the Garwhal Himalaya, alt. 11,000 ft., Stracli. & Winterb. 
 
 Rootstoch stout, woody. Stem 6-10 in. Leaves nnmerous, 3-5 in., glaucpus beneath, 
 segments broad ovate, hairy on both surfaces ; petiole winged ; cauline sessile. Scapes 
 3-4, slender. Flowers few, 2 in. diam., pedicels slender. Sepals pilose, tips horned. 
 
120 
 
 Order IX. FUMARIACEiB. 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs ; juice watery. Leaves usually divided, seg- 
 ments not jointed. Flowei^s small, racemed, irregular, hermaphrodite. Sejmls 
 2, small, scale-like, deciduous. Petals 4, in usually very dissimilar pairs ; 
 2 outer larger, one or both gibbous or spurred ; 2 inner smaller, erect, tips 
 often coherent. Stameiis 6, in 2 bundles (4, free in llijpecoum)^ opposite 
 the outer petals ; anther of central stamen in each bundle 2-celled, of lateral 
 1-celled. Ovary 1 -celled ; style long or short, stigma obtuse or lobed ; 
 ovides 2 or more, amphitropous, parietal Fruit a 2-valved, many-seeded 
 capsule, or an indehiscent 1- seeded nut. Seech albumin(ms, raphe some- 
 times af)pendaged ; embryo minute. — Distrlb. Genera 7; species about 
 100, natives of the temp, and warm regions of the N. hemisphere. 
 
 Stamens 4, free 1. Hypecgum. 
 
 Stamens 6, diadelphous. 
 
 Outer petals both spurred ; capsule many-seeded 2. Dicentra. 
 
 One outer petal spurred ; capsule many- seeded 3. Coryi>ali8. 
 
 Oue outer petal spurred; fruit indehiscent, nut 1-seeded . . . 4. Fumabia. 
 
 1. KVPECOUM, Tournefort. 
 
 Low annual glaucous herbs. Leaves pinnatisect. Flowers yellow white 
 or purpUsh. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, spreading, 2 outer flat or slightly 
 concave, obovate, obtuse or obtusely 3-toothed ; 2 inner 3-lobed, midlobe 
 concave. Stamens 4, free, opposite tl»e petals, with sometimes a stalked 
 gland at the base of each ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled, septate within ; 
 style short, stigmiis 2, glandular at the tips ; ovules many, on 2 parietal 
 placentas. Caj>su/e slender, transversely septate within, breaking up into 
 joints or longitudinally 2-valved. aS'^cc/s compressed. — Distrlb. Species 4-5 ; 
 natives of the Mediterranean region and temperate Asia. 
 
 1. ZX. procuznbens, Litm. ; leaves 2-3-pinnatisect, flowers yellow, 
 outer petals 3-lobed, midlobe of inner toothed or fimbriate. H.f. d' T. 
 Fl. Incl 275. 
 
 Drier parts of the Punjaub, Peshawur, Vicary ; Mobltan, Edgeworih; Salt Range, 
 Fleming^ &c. — Distkib. W. Asia, Mediterranean region. 
 
 Stems many, procumbent, 3-12 in., slender. Leaves 2-4 in., segments linear or oblong, 
 cut; upper sessile, whorled. Flowers {qv/, ^ in. diam., pedicelled. Inner petals with 
 the lateral segments linear-oblong, obtuse, midlobe entire retuse or 2-fid. Fruit 1^-2^ 
 m., J in. broad, curved, subcompressed, at length breaking up into 1-seeded joints. 
 
 2. K. leptocarpum, //. /. dc T. Fl. Ind. 276 ; leaves 2-pinnatisect, 
 flowers pale purple, outer petals obtuse, midlobe of inner oblong cucullate. 
 
 Sandy soil in Wkst Tibet, alt. 9-12,000 ft., T. T.; interior of the Sikkim Himalaya, 
 alt. 12-14,000 ft., ^./. 
 
 Stems msmy, procumbent, 6-12 in., much branched. Leaves many, 2-4 in., pinnae 
 4 in., distant ; pinnules oblong, sharply cut ; uppermost linear, whorled. Flowers ^-^ in. 
 diam., pedicels slender. Inner petals \o\>Qdi almost to the middle. Fruit ^in.^ very 
 slender, breaking up into 1-seeded joints. 
 
 2. BXCSNTRA, Borkhaus. 
 
 Glabrous, perennial rooted, climbing, slender herbs. Leaves decompound, 
 petiole ending in a branched tendril. Flowers yeUow or purple, in leaf-opposed 
 
Dicentra,] ix. fumariace^. 121 
 
 pendulous racemes or corymbs. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, connivent; 
 2 outer oblong, concave, base saccate ; 2 inner clawed, tips cohering, keeled. 
 Stamens 6,diadelplious from the base or from above the middle ; mid-anther 
 of each bundle 2-celled, lateral 1 -celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style filiform, 
 stigma 2-lobed ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule dehiscing by 
 2 membranous (rarely fleshy) longitudinal valves, which leave the seed- 
 bearing placentas attached to the stigma. Seeds small, beaked, arillate or 
 not. — DiSTRiB. Several species, natives of temp. N. Asia and N. America. 
 
 1. D. torulosa, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 272 ; peduncles 6-8-flowered corym- 
 bose orsubumbellate, bracts fimbriate, capsule narrow torulose, seeds opaque. 
 
 Khasia hills, alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 Stem 8-10 ft. Leaf-segments |-1 in., ovate to linear-lanceolate. Flowers J-| in. 
 long, golden-yellow ; pedicels 4 in. ; bracts as long, naembranous, linear. Filaments 
 with a short basal spur. Capsule li-3 in., linear. Seeds 1-seriate, granulate; aril 
 2-lobed. 
 
 2. D. Roylei, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 273 ; peduncles 2-4-flowered, bracts 
 lanceolate, capsule narrow not torulose, seeds shining. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Bhotan Griffith, to Simla, Lady Dal- 
 housie. Khasia hills, Griffith, &c. 
 
 Similar to £>. torulosa, but more slender, 2-4 ft. Flowers |-1 in. long, yellow, 
 sometimes tinged purple; pedicels 4-1 in., longer than the lanceolate membranous 
 bracts. Capsule 1-1 J by |- in. Seeds 2-8eriate, black; aril small. 
 
 3. D. scandens, Walj). Rep. i. 118 ; peduncles 8-12-flowered, bracts 
 very small, capsule membranous lanceolate, seeds smooth shining. H.f. 
 <k T. Fl. Ind, 273. Macrocapnos scandens, Royle. Dielytra scandens, Hon 
 Prodr. 198. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; alt. 5-6000 ft., from Nipal, WalUch, to Garwhal, Edgeworih. 
 
 Stem slender, flexuous, angled. Leaves alternate, segments J-1 in., oval oblong or 
 orbicular. Flowers |-1 in. long, yellow or purple ; peduncle 2-3 in., slender, often 
 leafy ; pedicels ^-1 in. ; bracts linear. Capsule l-l\ in., acute at both ends, style 
 ^-^ in., valves membranous. Seeds finely granulate at the back. 
 
 4. D. thalictrifolia, //./. <C' T.M. Ind. 273 ; peduncle 8-12-flowered, 
 bracts very small, capsule fleshy ovate-cordate, seeds granulate. Dactyli- 
 capnos thalictrifolia, Wall. Tent. 51, t. 89 ; Cat. 1426 ; Sweet Brit. Fl. Card. 
 Ser. 2, t. 127. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith; 
 Khasia hills at the Kala Paid Bungalow, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. & T. 
 
 Very similar to D. scandens and posj^ibly not distinct specifically, but the capsule 
 is broader, | in. long, thick, fleshy, very tardily dehiscent, the style is stouter, and the 
 seeds finely granulate nearj the hiliim and coarsely so on the back. — It is common in 
 Sikkim, and the pods are drier and most dehiscent at higher elevations. 
 
 3. CORVDAI.IS, DC. 
 
 Erect or prostrate herbs, usuUy perennial rooted. Leaves lobed or cut, 
 upper sometimes opposite. Flowers racemed, rarely subumbellate, small, 
 white blue yellow or purple. Sepcds 2, small. Petals 4, erect, or conniving ; 
 2 outer dissimilar, anterior flat or concave, posterior gibbous or spurred at 
 the base ; 2 inner clawed, tips free or cohering, keeled. Stamens 6, diadel- 
 phous ; posterior bundle with a basal spur enclosed in the petal-spur ; mid- 
 anther of each bundle 2-celled, lateral 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style fill- 
 
122 IX. FUMARIACE^. [Corydalis, 
 
 form, stigmas 2 minute or dilated ; ovules 2 or more, on 2 parietal i)lacentas. 
 Capsule ovoid oblong elliptic or linear, valves 2 uienibranous leaving the 
 seed-bearing placentas attached to the style. Seeds small, beaked, aril 
 fleshy or 0. — Distrib. Species about 70, temp. European and Asiatic, with 
 a few N. American and Cape species. 
 
 Sect. I. Erect leafy branched fibrous-rooted herbs. Capsule narrow 
 linear. Seeds 1 -seriate. 
 
 1. C. ophiocarpa, //. / d- T, Fl. Ind. 259 ; leaves 2-pinnatisect, 
 racemes lax many-flowered terminal and leaf-opposed, posticous petal eijual- 
 ling or exceeding the broad obtuse spur tip flat obcordate, anticous linear 
 concave, capsule tortuous. 
 
 Moist valleys gf the Sikkim-Himalaya, alt. 9000 fl., IT. f. 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft., slender, branched. Leaves 4-8 in., glaucous beneath, pinnae 1-2 in., 
 pinnules obovate-obloiig, segments obtuse, mucronate, glaucous beneath. FLoicers 
 yellow; bracts minute, subulate, entire. <SV/>ai« orbicular, finibiiale. Fusticouspital 
 curved ; lateral united below the tip. Style slender, equalling the niany-ovuled ovary. 
 Capsule 1 in. Seeds small, black, shining, punctate ; funicle thickened. 
 
 2. C. flaccida, //. /. d: T. Fl. Ind. 260 ; tall, leaves 3-4-pinnatisect, 
 racemes terminal and axillary many-flowered, posticous petal twice as long 
 as the curved conical spur, tip spathulate 2-lobed, pod straight. 
 
 Moist valleys of the Sikkim-Himalaya, alt. 11-12,000 ft., 11. f. 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft., stout, erect, branched. Leaves 6-12 in., membranous ; pinnae 2 in. ; 
 pinnules subsessile, ovate or orbicular, obtuse, not glaucous beneath ; lobes rounded, 
 apiculate. Flowers \-\ in. long, brown purple ; racemes 2-6 in.; lower bracts leafy, 
 median cut or lobed, upper narrow. Seitals ovate, acute, toothed. Puslwous jx^tal 
 plano-convex, tip rounded winged. Style slender, twice as long as the linear ovary. 
 Capsule 1-li in., linear. 
 
 3. C. leptocarpa, //. /. d T. Fl. Ind. 260 ; diffuse, leaves 2-temately 
 pinnatisect, racemes Jong-ped uncled 2-7-fl()wered leaf-opposed, po.sticous 
 petal concave acuminate much shorter than the slender curved spur, pod 
 erect straight torulose. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, in Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 8000 ft., H.f. 
 
 Stem 6-12 in., weak, branched, decumbent. Leaves 3-6 in., long-petioled, mtm- 
 branous, segments broadly t»bovate, deeply cut, lobes rounded, glaucous or not beneath. 
 Flowers 1-1 J in. lung, dull purple; bracts obovate or oblong-cuneate, cut. Sepals 
 minute, oblong, fimbriate. Posticous petal concave, narrow oblong, tip winged; 
 anticous spathulate, acuminate. Style sender, half as long as the linear ovary. Cap- 
 sule I-I4 in., narrow linear. Seeds l-seriate, black, shining, smooth; aiil broad, 
 2-lobed, 
 
 Sect. II. Root fibrous. Pod short, elliptic obovate lanceolate or subglo- 
 bose. Seeds 2-seriate. 
 
 * Root bulbous, or rootstock elongate, stem simple. Radical leaves few 
 or ; cauline opposite alternate or whorled. Racemes undivided. 
 
 4. C. rutaefolia, Sihth. Flor. Grcec. t. 667 ; leaves opposite or whorled 
 2-3-ternately cut, raceme erect 6-12-flowered, bracts entire, outer petals not 
 keeled equalling or shorter than the inflated obtuse spur. H. f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 
 262. C. diphylla, Wall. Cat. 1430 ; Ttni. Fl. Nep. 54. C. pauciflora, Ed(jew. 
 in Trans. Lmn. Soc. xx. 30. C. longipes, Don Prodr. 198 {not of DC). 
 
Corydalis.] IX. fumariace>3E. 123 
 
 C. Hamiltoniana, Don Syst. Gard. i. 142. C. Griffithii, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, 
 No. 1, p. 15 ; Griffith. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 658, f. 23. 
 
 Western Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft., from Kumaon to Marri, Fleming. — Distrib. 
 Mts. of the Levant, W. Asia, and Soongaria. 
 
 Rootstock ?\ei\(\Qr. Stem 3-8 in., erect, simple. Leaves 2-3, subsessile; segments 
 small rounded in much-divided leaves, more commonly \-\ in., ovate-oblong or linear, 
 entire or lobed, much veined. Flowers |-1 in, long, bright purple, tips dark ; bracts 
 oblong or lanceolate, veined, shorter than the pedicels. Sepals minute. Style shorter 
 than the oblong ovary ; stigma dilated. Capsule J in., ovate-oblong. 
 
 Var. 1 ; posticous petal dilated upwards very obtuse mucronale or emarginate. 
 
 Var. 2 ; posticous petal narrow concave acute. — C. verticillaris, DC. Prodr. i. 126. 
 
 5. C. cachemiriana, Royle III. 69, t. 16, f. 1 fradical leaves palmately 
 3-5-partite, cauline usually alternate 3-6-partite, flowers subumbellate, 
 lower bracts 3-fid, posticous petal about equalling the curved spur. H.f. d; 
 T. Fl. Ind. 263. 
 
 Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, alt. 9-12,000 ft., from Sikkim, E. /., to 
 Kashmir, Boyle. 
 
 Bulb small, scaly. Stem 2-6 in. Radical leaves long-petioled, early withering ; 
 cauline near the top of the stem, subsessile ; lobes ^-1 in-j linear, entire. Flowers 
 J-l in. long, bright blue with dark-blue tips ; racemes terminal, 3-8-flowered ; bracts 
 exceeding the pedicels. Sepals minute. Posticous petal concave, acute or acuminate. 
 Capsule linear-oblong, pendulous or deflexed. 
 
 6. C. polyg-alina, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 263 ; simple, leaves cauline alter- 
 nate, pinnate, racemes axillary and terminal 5-10-flowered, lower bracts 
 3-fid, posticous petal shorter than the straight obtuse cylindric spur. 
 
 SiKKIM-HlMALAYA, alt. 14-1 6^000 ft., H.f. 
 
 Eoot and radical leaves unknown. Cauline leaves 1-2 in., subsessile, pinnse in 5-6 
 pairs, lower 3-5-partite ; segments 1 in., narrow-linear, coriaceous, parallel- veined. 
 Flowers f in., yellow with a dark purple spot ; pedicels very short ; upper bracts 
 lanceolate. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, wing narrow. Capsule \-^ in., oblong. — 
 Allied to C. rutafolia, but distinguished by the habit, alternate leaves, axillary racemes, 
 and winged tips of the petals. 
 
 7. C. juncea, Wall. Tent Fl. Nip. 54, t. 42 ; Cat. 1429 ; erect, slender, 
 leaflets or leaves few narrow, racemes terminal many-flowered, bracts linear 
 entire, posticous petals longer than the short obtuse spur. H. f. <k T. Fl. 
 Ind. 264. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 12-14,000 ft. ; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, H. f. 
 
 Stem 1-1 4 ft. Leaves 4-1 in., linear-lanceolate, bract like. Flowers ^-| in. long, 
 bright yellow with purple tips; racemes 2-3 in. ; pedicels ^-f i"-, slender; bracts 
 half as long. Posticous petal very convex, back broadly winged. Capsules (unripe) 
 ^ in., oblong, in much elongate racemes, pedicels deflexed. 
 
 ** Eoot fusiform. Stem or scape simple, rarely divided, leafless or with 
 1-2 leaves. Leaves chiefly radical. Racemes simple. Spur equalling or 
 exceeding the petals. 
 
 8. C. crithmifolia, Royle III. 68 ; leaves all radical 2-3-pinnatisect, 
 segments narrow or broad, raceme terminal many-flowered, bracts narrow 
 much exceeding the pedicels. H. f. dc T. Fl. Ind. 264 ; Walp. Rep. i. 120 
 {a& C. epithymifolia, by error). 
 
 Subalpine and Temperate Himalaya, ascending to 14,000 ft., from Garwhal, 
 Munro ; to Kunawur, Jacquemont, &c. 
 
 Stem 3-12 in., rather stout, leafless. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., orbicular, pinnae long- 
 
124 IX. FUMARiACEiE. [C&n/dalis. 
 
 petioled, segments linear and entire, or broad and cut into narrow lobes; petiole equal- 
 ling the stem. Flowers 1 in. long, pale yellow, tip purple ; raceme 1-3 in. long ; bracts 
 1-2 in. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, half as long as the slender spur. Capsules 
 small, oblong, pedicel recurved. 
 
 9. C. Falconerl, H. f. & T. ; erect, radical leaves 2-pinnate cauline 
 2 opposite, racemes terminal many-tiowered lax or dense, bracts linear- 
 lanceolate entire or cut, lowest 3-fid or pinnatifid exceeding the pedicels. 
 
 Western Tibet ; at Deotsu, Falconer, 
 
 Bootstock woody, base covered with withered leaf-sheaths. Stem 6-15 in., simple. 
 Badical leaves i'ew, long-petioled ; pinnae 1-2 pair, shortly-petioled; pinnules 3-partite ; 
 segments narrow, 3-nerved ; cauliue leaves above the middle of the stem, sessile or 
 petioled, 2-pinnate, lanceolate, 3-nei-ved. Flowers {-^ in. long, yellow ?, with purple 
 tips ; racemes 1-2 in. Fosticous petal vaulted, acute, back winged, equalling the 
 cylindric slightly hooked spur. Capsule ^ in., oblong, much longer than the persistent 
 style ; pedicel deflexed. iSeeds blacK, shiny. 
 
 10. C. elegrans, Wall. Cat 1435; erect or decumbent, radical leaves 
 pinnate cauline low down on the stem, racemes terminal, 6-14-fiowered, 
 Dracts large cuneate- oblong acuminate equalling or exceeding the pedicels, 
 flowers very broad. II. f. d' T. Fl. hid. 265. 
 
 Western Himalaya, alt. 13-14,000 ft.; from Kumaon, Minkworth, to Deotsu, 
 Falconer. 
 
 liootstock stout, woody. Stem 6-12 in., simple, base clothed with withered sheaths. 
 Badical leaves 3-4 in., petiole as long ; pinnae 2-5 pair, 1 in. long, subsessile, orbicular, 
 base cuneate, deeply .5-7-lobed, segments obtuse or mucronate. Flowers 1 in. long 
 (yellow with purple tips ?). Posticous petals very convex, broadly ovate, subacute, back 
 wing very broad, equalling the wide conical very obtuse spur. Capsules small, oblong ; 
 pedicels spreading or deflexed. — A rare and imperfectly known plaint ; its flowers are 
 very broad. 
 
 11. C. Govaniana, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nip. 55 ; Cat. 1431 ; stem stout, 
 radical leaves many oblong 2-pinnatisect cauline 1-2 or 0, racemes terminal 
 dense many- flowered, bracts broadly cuneate exceeding the pedicels cut 
 above the middle. Bo>/le III. t. 16, f. 2 ; //./ d^ T. Fl. Lid. 261. 
 
 Western Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft.; from Kumaon, Oovan, to Kashmir, T. T. 
 
 Bootstock woody, often branched, crowned with withered leaf-sheaths. Stem 1-2 ft., 
 as thick as the thumb, almost naked or with 1-2 leaves near the top. Badical leaves 
 nearly equalling the stem, long-petioled, pinnules cuneatc-lanceolate, cut into linear 
 segments, 2 near the base. Flowers 1 in. long, bright yellow ; racemes 2-4 in. Posti- 
 cous petal very convex, back wing very broad, limb shorter than the curved slender 
 spur. Capsule 4-| in. ; style persistent, half its length. 
 
 12. C. tibetica, //. / <(: T. Fl. Ind. 265 ; small, decumbent, glabrous 
 or subpilose, glaucous, radical leaves many pinnatisect, cauline 1 or 0, 
 racemes terminal short 4-i2-flowered, bracts lanqeolate and entire or ovate- 
 oblong and cut. 
 
 Westeioi Tibet; alt. 14-17,000 ft., frorn Gugi, Strach. & Wint., to Balti. T. T. 
 
 Bootstock prostrate, densely crowned with withered sheaths. Stem 2-6 in., weak, 
 tufted, decumbent, rarely forked with a leaf at the fork. Radical leaves 3-4 in., oblong; 
 pinnae \-% in., orbicular or oval, cut to the base. Flowers % in., pale yellow, tips brown 
 or green. Posticous petal winged at the back, equalling the straight spur. Capsxde 
 i in., narrow oblong, about equalling the perbistent style; pedicel deflexed. Seeds few, 
 smooth. — Perhaps an alpine state of C. Moorcroftiana. 
 
Corydalis."] ix. fumariace^. 125 
 
 *** Root fusiform. Stem branched (simple in 13, Moorcroftiana and 14, 
 Gortschakovii). Racemes often divided. Spur equalling or exceeding the 
 petals. (See also 24, crassifolia.) 
 
 13. C. Bloorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 1432; stout, erect, glaucous, more 
 or less glandular, leaves 2-3-pin natisect, racemes many-flowered simple or 
 branched, bracts linear or lanceolate entire or lobed. H.f. dh T. Fl, Ind. 
 266. . 
 
 Western Tibet; alt. 10-17,000 ft., from Gugi, Strach. <& Wint., to Balti, Moor- 
 croft. — DiSTRiB. AfFghanistan. 
 
 Rootstock stout, woody, densely clothed with withered sheaths. Stem 6-18 in., 
 naked or leafy, simple or divided. Leaves 3-8 in,, oblong, pinnnae ovate or orbicular, 
 variously cut and lobed. Flowers | in. long, yellow, tips purple. Fosticous petal 
 obtuse, back broadly keeled, equalling the straight obtuse spur. Capsule 4 in., narrow 
 elliptic, acute at both ends ; style persistent, half as long. Seeds black, shining. 
 
 14. G. Gortschakovii, SchrenJc. Enum. Plant. Soongar. 100; stem 
 erect quite glabrous leafy, radical leaves decompound glaucous, pinnules 
 petioled, racemes dense many-flowered terminal and axillary, bracts leafy 
 incised. Ledeh. Fl. Alt. i. 746 \H.f.^ T. Fl. Ind. 267. 
 
 Tibetax Himalaya, from Gugi, Strach. & Wint., to Kashmir, T. T., and Hasora, 
 Jacquemont, &c. — Distkib. Soongaria. 
 
 Jtiootstock woody. Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched. Eadical leaves 6-12 in., leaves 
 long-petioled, ovate, pinnae and pinnules petioled, segments incised. Flowers §-1 in. 
 long, yellow, tips purple. Fosticous petal equalling the straight obtuse spur, dorsal 
 wing broad or narrow. Capsule and seeds of C. Moorcroftiana. — We have fragments 
 of a plant from Tibet, N. of Nipal, apparently intermediate between this and the last 
 species. The Soongarian specimens of this have simple stems and larger flowers than 
 the Himalayan. 
 
 15. C. ramosa, Wall. Cat. 1434; stem procumbent weak branched, 
 leaves decompound segments linear, racemes terminal many lax many- 
 flowered, bracts cut into linear lobes. H. f. <& T. Fl. Ind. 267. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya,. alt. 12-15,000 ft., from Sikkim, H.f., to Kashmir, T. T. 
 
 Glaucous. Stem 1-2 ft. (dwarf at high elevations), often leafy, flexuous. Radical 
 leaves few or many, long-petioled, 2-3 times divided, ultimate segments small narrow- 
 oblong or linear. Mowers 4 in. long, yellow; racemes 1-5 in. Fosticous petal dorsally 
 winged, hooded, equalling or shorter than the obtuse spur. Capsules obovate-oblong, 
 obtuse ; style persistent, pedicels detlexed. Seeds shining. 
 
 Var. 1. glauca; leaves very glaucous, segments very narrow, wing of posticous petal 
 broad subentire. 
 
 Var. 2. vaginans; leaves membranous less glaucous, segments broader, wing of 
 posticous petal lacerate. 
 
 Var. 3. nana; dwarf, alpine, leaves subsessile, wing of posticous petal very 
 narrow. 
 
 16. C. sibirica, Fers. Synops. ii. 70 ; subglaucous, branched, prostrate, 
 leaves 2-3-pinnate, segments 3-5 broad-ovate deeply cut, racemes lax few- 
 flowered terminating long slender branches, bracts small cut into narrow 
 lobes, spur recurved, seeds shining. //. /. <i' T. Fl. Ind. 268. C. Impatiens, 
 Fisch. in DC. Frodr. i. 128. C. longipes, DC; WaU. Cat. 1433; Tent. Fl. 
 Nij)' t. 42 {had, not of Don Frodr. \. C filiformis, Royle III. 65. 
 
 Himalaya, alt. 7-14,000 ft., from Sikkim to Garwhal; Khasia hills, alt. 6000 ft. — 
 DiSTRiB. Eastern Siberia. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., weak, much branched, leafy. Leaves membranous. Flowers yellow, 
 \ in. long. Fosticous petal hooded, acute, equalling or exceeding the very broad conic 
 
126 IX. FUMARiACE^. [Corydalis. 
 
 obtuse spur. Capsule \-\ in., linear, or linear obovate, style very short. — ^Very variable, 
 and possibly a form of C. ramosa. Wallich's figure of C longipes is unlike his specimen 
 or those of any other plant, and is probably made up of several allied species. 
 
 17. C. comuta, Royle III. 69 ; glaucous, decumbent, branched, leaves 
 2-3-pinnate, pinnae cuneate-obovate or oblong, racemes terminal many- 
 flowered dense elongate, bracts small entire or cut, spur straight or tip 
 hooked, seeds opaque. H.f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 269. C. debilis, Edgew. in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc. xx. 30. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-10,000 ft., from Kumaon, Strach. & Wint., to Kashmir, 
 T.T. 
 
 Habit of C. ramosa and sihirica. Leaves long-pet ioled, ultimate segments 3-5-fid, 
 lobes rounded. Flowers 4-| in., yellow, tips purplw; racemes 1-3 in. Pokicous petal 
 convex, acute, dorsally winged, shorter than the cylindric spur. Capttjiles variable, 
 linear-obovate or obuvate-oblong ; style short, persistent ; pedicels short deflexed. 
 
 18. C. chaBropliylla, BC. Prodr. i. 128; stem erect leafy branched, 
 leaves deltoid decompound, racemes terminal panicled, lower bracts leafy, 
 spur slender. Wall. Cut. 1428; 7hU. Fl. Nip. t. 40 (spur too short); Don 
 Frodr. 198 ; //./. <6 T. Fl. Ind. 269. C. geraniifolia, //./. l- T. Fl. Ind. 269. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; from Sikkim to Kumaon. 
 
 Htem 2-4 ft., branched above. Leaves pale beneath ; lower and radical 6-10 in., 
 longpetioled, upper subsessile, lower pinnae petioled, second and third decurrent, ulti- 
 mate segments oblong, acute or acuminate. Flowers | in., golden-yellow, slender; 
 bracts oval or oblong, cut, upper entire. Posticous petal concave, acute, dorsal wing 
 naiTow, shorter than the spur. Capmles ^ in., broad-linear or linear-obovate, spreading; 
 pedicels short. Seeds few, shining. — C. geramifoUa is a large lax leafy state, with 
 much-cut bracts and more acute segments, found in humid districts of Sikkim. 
 
 ***♦ Root lusiform. Stem simple or branched. Spur short saccate (ex- 
 cept 24, crassi/olia). 
 
 t Leaves 2-Z-pinnatisect or decovipound. 
 
 19. C. latlflora, //./. d; T. Fl. Ind. 370 ; dwarf, glaucous, stem simple, 
 leaves 2-3-piunate cauline 2 opposite, flowers 3-6 subumbellate, bracts 
 linear. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya ; Tunkra p.nss in Sikkim, alt. 1.5,000 ft., H. /. , 
 
 Bootstock slender, 6-12 in., with many membranous oblong mucronate scales ^-1 in. 
 long. tStein or scape 2-4 in. Leaves- m:\ny, 1-2 in., ovate or ovate-deltoid, long- 
 petioled; pinnaj petioled, alternate, small, linear-oblong, acute. Floicers fin. long, 
 very broad, pale blue, tips yellow; bracts ^-li n., equalling the pedicels. Posticous 
 l^etal broadly winged, much larger than the obtuse spur. 
 
 20. C. stricta, Steplian; stout erect, simple or branched, leaves thick, 
 2-pinnate sheaths rigid, cauline similar, alternate, racemes short simple or 
 branched, bracts small subulate, capsules linear pendulous. Led. Fl. Alt. 
 ill. 244; Ic. Fl. Moss. t. 56. C. astra-alina, //./. <L' T. Fl. Ind. 270. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 14-16,000 ft. in Nari, Jacquemont, and Ladak, T. T. — Distrib. 
 Altai Mts. 
 
 Bootstoch crowned with rigid shining leaf-bases. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves many, 
 3-6 in., petioles long, oval or oblong, glaucous, pinnules cut into linear-oblong lobes. 
 Flowers §-| in., yellow ; pedicels short, slender, pendulous ; bracts white, membranous. 
 Sepeds lanceolate from a broad ovate obliquely cordate fimbriate base. Posticovs petal 
 nearly flat, abruptly acuminate, margins membranous, tip recurved. Capsules 1-1 ^ in. ; 
 style short, rigid. Seeds large shining. 
 
 21. C. meifolla, Wall. Tent. Flor. Nip. 52, t. 41 ; Cat. 1427 ; stem stout 
 erect leafy, leaves decompound segments linear or capillary, racemes 
 
Corydalis.] IX. FUMARIACEJC. 127 
 
 many-flowered dense, lower bracts leafy pectinate, capsules oblong. DC. 
 Prodr. i. 128 ; H. f. d' T. Fl. Ind. 271. C. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Pr. Wald. 
 Peise, t. 35. 
 
 Himalaya, alt. 12-15,000 ft., from Sikkira to Kunawur. 
 
 Bootstoch stout, branched. Stems 6-18 in., simple or branched. Leaves very many, 
 4-8 in., oblong, segments crowded acuminate. Flowers \-% in., yellow, tips purple ; 
 racemes 1-2 in. ; lower pedicels often elongate. Posticous petal obtuse, dorsal wing 
 broad, twice as long as the obtuse spur. Capsules ^ in., pedicel curved. Seeds 4-6 
 shining. 
 
 tt Leaves simply pinnate (yr trisect. 
 
 22. C. flabellata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 30 ; glaucous, stem 
 erect rigid much-branched, leaves pinnate, pinnae 4-6 pair flabelliform, 
 racemes strict panicled dense-flowered, bracts very small, capsules linear. 
 H.f.&T.Fl Ind. 271. 
 
 West Tibet and Tibetan Himalaya, alt. 9-12,000 ft., from Kumaon, Edgeworth, 
 to Gilgit, Winterbottom. 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft., striate. Jjeaves 6-8 in.; pinnae distant, 4-1? ^^- diam., crenate or lobed. 
 Flowers 4-| in., yellow, curved, racemes 2-6 in. long; pedicels very short. Posticous 
 petoi obtuse, cucullate, twice as long as the decurved inflated spur. Caps«(2e 4-1 in., 
 spreading or deflexed ; style slender. Seeds 8-10, dotted, shining. ^^ 
 
 23. C. adiantifolia, H.f. dt T. Fl. Ind. 271 ; glaucous, stems many- 
 branched, leaves pinnate, pinnae 2-5 pair orbicular or reniform, racemes 
 terminal dense many-flowered, bracts subulate exceeding the buds, cap- 
 sules linear. 
 
 Western Tibet; Zanskar (not Kishtwar as in Fl. Ind.), alt. 12-14,000 ft., T. T. 
 
 Bootstock stout, woody, crowned with withered sheaths. Stems 6-18 in., branched 
 from the base. Leaves 3-6 in., linear-oblong ; pinnae remote, 4-1 in- diam., entire cre- 
 nate or 3-5-lobed, base cuneate or cordate. Flowers |-1 in., yellow, tips brown : 
 racemes 1-3 in, ; pedicels very short. Sepals membranous, long-subulate, base lacerate. 
 Posticous petal nearly straight, slender, abruptly acuminate, much longer than the in- 
 flated obtuse incurved spur. Capsule 1 in., acuminate at both ends ; style straight. — 
 Very near Cfiahellata^ but smaller, pinnae often cordate, and bracts setaceous like soft 
 bairs. 
 
 24. C% crassifolia, Royle III. 69 ; glaucous, stem simple, leaves thick 
 reniform 3-5-lobed or -partite, racemes terminal dense-flowered simple or 
 branched, bracts leafy obovate-lanceolate or spathulate entire, capsules 
 subglobose inflated. H.f. (t T. Fl. Ind. 261. C. crassissima, Cambess. in 
 J acq. Voy. Bot. 12, t. 11 ; Thorns, in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v. 17, and iv. t. 9. 
 C. physocarpa, Cambess. I.e. t. 12. 
 
 West Tibet and Tibetan Himalaya, alt. 14-17,000 ft., from Kunawur to Balti. 
 
 Bootstoch prostrate, woody. Stem 3-8 in. Badical leaves few, 2-5 in. diam., early 
 withering, almost fleshy, long-petioled ; lobes crenate or again lobed, with petioled 
 lobulate or palmati-partile (rarely piimate) segments ; cauline 1-3, subsessile. Flowers 
 f-1^ in., white or yellowish, varie^ated with purple, racemes 1-3 in. long. Posticous 
 petal broad, obtuse, wingless, equalling the cyliudric incurved spur. Capsule 1 in. diam. ; 
 style short, persistent. 
 
 4. rVBZARZA, Linn. 
 
 al herbs, usually branchec 
 
 very narrow. Flowers sn 
 
 or purplish, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Sepals, petals and stamens 
 
 of Corydalis. Ova^-y 1 -celled ; style filiform, stigma entire or shortly lobed ; 
 
 Annual, rarely perennial herbs, usually branched, often scandent. Leaves 
 much divided, segments very narrow. Flowers small, white, rose-coloured 
 
128 IX. FUMARiACEJf. [Putnaria, 
 
 ovules 2, on 2 placentas. Fruit indehiscent, globose, 1-seeded.— Distrib. 
 Species about 8 ; usually agrarian weeds of the temperate regions of the 
 Old World. 
 
 1. P. parviflora, LamJc. sub-sp. "Vaillantii, Loisel (sp.) ; diffuse, leaf- 
 segments flat, racemes lax-flowered, sepals lanceolate much smaller than 
 the corolla-tube, pedicels exceeding the bracts, fruit globose rugose when 
 dry rounded at the top with 2 pits. 
 
 Indoganoetic plain, Lower Himalaya and Nilghiri Mts., a weed of cultivation. — 
 Distrib. : of the genus. 
 
 Pale green, much branched. Racemes 1-2 in. Flowers \-\ in., whitish or rose- 
 coloured, tips purple. 
 
 Order X. CRUCIFERJE. (By Hooker f. & T. Anderson.) 
 
 Herbs, rarely undershrubs ; juice watery, often pungent. Leaves cauline 
 and radical, the latter in a rosette, cauline alternate, exstipulate. Flowers 
 racemed, rarely solitary on scapes, or axillary. ^Sepals 4, free, 2 lateral (op- 
 posite the placentas) often large and saccate at the base, imbricate. Petals 
 4, free, hypogynous, placed crosswise, imbricate. Stamens 6 (rarely 1, 2, or 
 many) ; 2 outer opposite the lateral sepals ; 4 inner longer, in opposite pairs. 
 huk with usually 4 glands opposite the sepals. Ovary 2-celled by a pla- 
 cental membrane, or 1-celled, or with superimposed cellules ; style short or 
 0; stigma simple or with 2 lobes opposite the placentas; ovules 1-2 or oo, 
 2-seriate on two parietal placentas, rarely solitary and erect. Fruit either 
 a 2-celled 2-valved pod, the valves deciduous and leaving the seeds on the 
 persistent placentas i^i'eplum), or indehiscent, or transversely jointed. Seeds 
 small, albumen ; cotyledons large, plano-convex or longitudinally concave 
 or folded, foliaceous in germination ; radicle turned up on the back of one 
 cotyledon {incumbent), or facing the edges of both {accumbent). — Distrib. 
 Genera 172 ; species about 1200 ; natives chiefly of temperate regions of the 
 Old World. 
 
 Series A. 
 
 Pods long or short, dehiscing throughout their length, terete, 4-angled or 
 compressed dorsally (parallel to the septum). 
 
 Tribe I. Arabideae. Pods narrow, long. Seeds usually 1 -seriate. 
 Cotyledons accumbent. (Pods sometimes short in 2, Parrya, 5, Nasturtium 
 and 10, Notoceras; seeds 2-seriate in Arahis glabra, and in some species of 
 2, Parrya) 
 
 * Sej^als narrmjo, erect. Valves withoid horns or appendages. Stigmas erect, 
 connate or decm^ent on the style (2-lobed in some species of 2, Parrya). 
 
 Erect branched hoary herbs . . . .' 1. Matthiola. 
 
 Low alpine tufted scapigerous herbs 2. Parrya. 
 
 ** Sepals broad or narrow. Stigma undivided or shortly 2-lobed. (See also 
 2, Parrya.) 
 
 Sepals erect, lateral saccate. — Hoarv leafy erect herbs .... 3. Cheirantiius. 
 
 Antbers of lone; stamens l-ccUed. — A minute herb 4. Atelanthera. 
 
 Sepals spreading, not saccate ; pods tumid, seeds minute 2- 
 
 seriate. Flowers usually yellow 5. Nasturtium. 
 
 Sepals not saccate; pods 4-angled; seeds 1 -seriate. Flowers 
 yellow 6. Barbarea. 
 
X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 129 
 
 Sepals erect, not saccate ; pods flat, strongly nerved ; seeds 
 
 flattened. — Flowers white or rose 7. Akabis. 
 
 Sepals not saccate ; pods of Arabia but hardly nerved, usually 
 
 acute ; stamens simple. — Flowers white or purple .... 8. Card amine. 
 
 Sepals spreading, not saccate ; long stamens bent above the 
 
 middle. — A minute herb ; flowers few, purple ? 9. Loxostemon. 
 
 *** Valves with horns or appendages. ^ 
 
 Pods short, valves septate within 10. Notoceras. 
 
 Tribe II. Alyssineae. Pods short, broad. Seeds usually 2-seriate. 
 Cotyledons accumbent. (Pod sometimes long and seeds 1-seriate in 11, Far- 
 setia^ and cotyledons rarely incumbent in 13, Draba. See also 2, Parrya.) 
 
 * Pods ^celled, many-seeded; seeds compressed, often winged. 
 
 Pods sessile ; seeds 1-seriate 11. Farsetia. 
 
 ** Pods l-2-celled, 2- many-seeded; valves often tumid; seeds %striaJte, rarely 
 winged. (Sepals never saccate ; flowers white or yellow.) 
 
 Stamens often appendaged ; pods usually orbicular and 4-seeded. 
 
 — Hoary herbs " 12. Alyssdm. 
 
 Stamens not appendaged ; pods longer than broad, many- seeded. 
 
 Petals entire. — Hoary herbs 13. Draba. 
 
 Characters of Draba but petals 2-fid 14. Erophila. 
 
 Sepals short, spreading. — Glabrous herbs ~. . 15. Cochlearia. 
 
 Tribe IIL Sisymbrieae. Pods usually sessile, long, narrow. Seeds 
 usually 1-seriate (2 seriate in 19, Eutremd) ; cotyledons straight, flat, in- 
 cumbent. 
 
 *■ Stigmaiic-lohes erect, free, or connate in a cone. 
 
 Pod rigid, terete. Flowers white or purple 16. Malcolmia. 
 
 ** Stigma capitate emarginate or shortly 2-lobed. 
 
 Stamens with a broad basal scale 17. Lepidostemok. 
 
 Sepals erect or spreading ; pod many-seeded, valves 1-3-nerved; 
 
 seeds usually 1-seriate. — Hairs simple or 18. Sisymbrium. 
 
 Sepals short, erect ; pods terete, valves 1-ribbed ; seeds usually 
 
 2-seriate. — Glabrous herbs 19. Edtrema. 
 
 Sepals long; pods compressed. — Leaves quite entire glabrous 
 
 glaucous ■ 20. CONRINGIA. 
 
 Sepals erect ; valves keeled. — Hairs appressed forked . . . .21. Erysimum. 
 Sepals suberect ; pods linear-lanceolate, flattened ; seeds few. — 
 A fleshy herb 22. Christo'lea. 
 
 Tbibe IV. Camelineae. Pods short or long. Seeds usually 2-seriate ; 
 cotyledons flat, incumbent. (See also 13, Draha.) 
 
 Seeds few, large. — Tufted scapigerous herbs 23. Braya. 
 
 Tribe V. Brassiceee. Poo?s short or long ; cotyledons .longitudinally 
 folded or deeply grooved. 
 
 * Stigma capitate, truncate or 2-lobed. 
 
 Pods long ; seeds 1-seriate 24. Brassica. 
 
 Pods long, compressed ; seeds 2-seriate 25. Diplotaxis. 
 
 Pods short, turgid, beaked ; seeds 2-seriate 26. Eruca. 
 
 VOL. I. K 
 
130 X. CRUciFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 
 
 ** Stigmas connate, forming an erect cone. 
 
 Pods long. — A glaucous large herb or untlerslirub 27. Moricandia, 
 
 Series B. 
 
 Pods short, dehiscing throughout their length, compressed laterally (at 
 right angles to the septum). (Pod indehiscent in 31, Megacarpcea.) 
 
 Tkibe VT. Xiepidinete. Cotyledons incumbent, straight curved or lon- 
 gitudinally folded. 
 
 Pods many-seeded; valves not winged 28. Capsella.^ 
 
 Pods few-seeded ; valves winged or not 29. Lepidium. 
 
 Pods 2-seeded ; valves with 2 dorsal crests 30. Dilophia. 
 
 Tribe VIL Thlaspidese. Cotyledons accumbent, straight. 
 
 Pods indehiscent, 2-8eeded. — Tall herbs of umbelliferous habit .31. Meoacarp.sa. 
 Pods conipressed notched ; valves winged or keeled . » . . 32. Thlaspi. 
 Pods elliptic or oblong, acute ; valves keeled 33. Ibkkioella. 
 
 Series C. 
 
 Pods short, indehiscent, not jointed, usually hard, either 1-celled and 
 1 -seeded, or with 2-4 1 -seeded cellules in parallel series. 
 
 Tribe VIII. ZsatidesB. Characters of the series. 
 
 Pods 1-celled, oblong (ir linear, wing thick. — Glaucous herbs . 34. Lsatis. 
 Pods 1-celled, c^mbiform, wing incurved. — Glaucous herbs . . 35. Tauschebia. 
 Pods 1-cellcd, small oblong, with a thiu wing. — A glandular 
 
 twiggy underslirub 36. Dipteryoium. 
 
 Pods i -celled, wingless, globose with a subulate style.^A hairy 
 
 herb 37. Neslia. 
 
 Pods 2-celled, obliquely beaked 38. Euclididm. 
 
 Series D. 
 
 Pod^ long or short, transversely jointed ; joints indehiscent, or the lower 
 2-valved or reduced to a pedicel for the upper. 
 
 Tribe IX. Cakilineee. Characters of the series. 
 
 liOwer joint of pods a seedless pedicel, upper globose 1-secded . 39. Crambe. 
 
 Lower joint of pods a seedless pedicel, upper 2-cellcd, 2-scedcd 40. PHYbORHYXCHUS. 
 
 Series S. 
 
 Pods long, not jointed, indehiscent, either 1-celled and many-seeded, or 
 breaking up into many 1-celled 1- seeded indehiscent fragments. 
 
 Tribe X. Rapbaneae. Characters of the series. 
 
 Pods long, terete, hollow or septate ; seeds globose, 2-3-celled . 41. RaphanU8. 
 Pods short, curved, 4-angled, 2-3-celled, monilitbrm . . . .42. Goldbachia. 
 Pods short, curved, many-celled 43. Chorispora. 
 
 1. BIATTKZOZ.A, Br. 
 
 Annuals, or small undershrubs with hoary and sometimes stellate pubes- 
 cence. Leaves entire or sinuate. Flowers rather large, purple ; braeUs 0. 
 iStpals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals spreading, claws long. Pod 
 
MattUola.] X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. &, T. Anderson.) 131 
 
 long, narrow, cylindric or flattened ; septum thick ; stigma small, erect, 
 lobes parallel, thickened or with short horns at the base. Seeds 1-seriate, 
 flattened, with a narrow membranous wing. — Distrib. About 30 species ; 
 natives of the Mediterranean region, Arabia and Western and Central 
 Asia. 
 
 M. incana, the common Stock, ami M. tristis are cultivated in the gardens of N. 
 India. 
 
 1. BI. odoratlssima, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 120 ; leaves petioled 
 lower obovate upper lanceolate sinuate or pinnatisect rarely entire. DC. 
 Prodr. i. 134 ; Bot, Mag. 1711 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 149 ; Griff. It. Notes, 282, 
 n. 767 ; H.f.^ T. i)i Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 134. 
 
 West Tibet in dry stony places, ascending to 12,000 ft. — Distrib. Westward to 
 Asia Minor and tile Caucasus. 
 
 A perennial, 1-2 ft. ; hoary with stellate pubescence ; root woody. Racemes long, 
 erect ; flowers few, large, purple, fragrant. PetaU f-1 in. ; limb linear-oblong or strap 
 shaped, waved or twisted. Pods 4 in., erect, rigid, flattened. Seeds as broad as th( 
 
 the 
 
 septum. 
 
 2. PARRYA, Br. 
 
 Small tufted herbs; rootstock thick, perennial, many-headed. Leaves 
 linear or spathulate, entire sinuate or pinnatifid. Flowers large, white 
 or purple, racemed or on scapes. Sepals erect lateral sometimes saccate at 
 the base. Pod much flattened, short and broad or elongated and narrow ; 
 valves smooth, with a midrib ; septum entire or divided, membranous or 
 hyaline ; style short ; stigma-lobes erect, decumbent. Seeds 1-2-seriate, 
 much flattened, with a membranous wing or wingless. — Distrib." Species 
 about 10, arctic or high alpine. 
 
 1. P. exscapa, Mey. in^ Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 38 ; leaves spathulate obtuse 
 entire or slightly toothed, scapes 1-flowered, seeds winged. Led. Ic. Fl. 
 Alt. t. 86 ; H.f. (h T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 135. 
 
 West Tibet, alt. 15-18,000 ft.— Distrib. Altai Mts. 
 
 Stemless, glabrous or pnberulous. Flowers purple, scapes shorter than the leaves. 
 Pods^-^ in. long, narrow, drooping. Stigma sessile. Seeds 1-2-seriate; wing broad, 
 membranous. 
 
 2. P. macrocarpa, Br. in Parry's Voy. aijp. 270 ; leaves entire or 
 sinuate-toothed, flowers corymbose, scapes much exceeding the leaves, pods 
 linear, seeds winged. Led. Fl. Ross. i. 131 ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. t. 15; 
 H.f. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 135. Neurotoma nudicaule and scapi- 
 gerum, BC. Prodr. i. 156. 
 
 Alpine regions of West Tibet, alt. 15-18,000 ft.— Distrib. Afifghanistan, Altai, 
 arctic Europe, Asia and America. 
 
 Slightly rough, very rarely glabrous. Leaves tufted, thick, petioled, lanceolate. 
 Flowers large ; scapes 6-12 in., rigid, many-flowered. Pods erect, linear, acute ; valves 
 strongly veined, rough. Seeds l-seriate, much flattened. 
 
 3. P. platycarpa, //./. <& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 136; leaves spathu- 
 late or obovate quite entire, scapes short few-flowered, pods ovate, seeds 
 not winged. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, in the Tibetan region of Sikkim, alt. 16-17,000 ft., H.f. 
 EoOtstock covered with spongy old petioles. Leaves leathery, glabrous or with hairy 
 
 k2 
 
VS2 X. CRUCIFER2E. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Parrya. 
 
 margins ; petiole long, base sheathing. Scapes pilose, thick, sometimes bearing 1 or 2 
 small leaves. Fods ^-l\ in., tapering into the short thick style ; valves thin, convex, 
 not veined, midrib distinct. Seeds few. 
 
 4. P. lanug'lnosa, //./. «£• T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 136 ; leaves spatliu- 
 late coarsely toothed, scapes woolly 8-1 2 -flowered, pods ovate-lauceolate, 
 seeds not winged 
 
 West Tibet; in Gugi,. alt. 17,500 ft., Strach. & Winterb. 
 
 Small, densely woolly. Scapes erect, 2 in. ; flowers small, racemose. SejmJs spread- 
 ing, woolly. Petals broadly spathulate, undulate or crisped. Pods acute, about J in., 
 outline waving ; septum very narroV, sometimes 0. 
 
 3. CKZSZRANTKUS, Linn. 
 
 Hoary herbs, or undershrubs, with appressed bipartite hairs. Leaves 
 oblong-linear, entire or toothed. Flowers large, yellow or purple, racemed. 
 Sejjals erect, lateral saccate at the base. PdaU clawed. Pod 4-aiigled, 
 compressed ; valves 1 -nerved ; septum niembranous ; stigmatic-lobes short, 
 spreading. Seeds 1 -.seriate, flattened, without a border ; cotyledons accum- 
 bent, very rarely incumbent. — Distrib. Species about 12, natives of temp. 
 Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia, and arctic America. 
 
 The Wall-flower, C. Cheiri, is oiltivated in gardens in N. India, but is not indigenous. 
 
 1. C. parryoldes, Kurz. mss. (name only) ; hoary, leaves linear-oblong 
 entire all radical, flowers purple, style ^ in. 
 
 West Tibet ; in Spiti, Stoliczka. 
 
 Bootstock covered with withered petioles. Leaves all radical, 2-3 in., rounded at 
 the tip, clothed with fine dense tomentum. Scapes about 9 in,, many-flowered, elon- 
 gating during flowering. Pedicels |-1 in., erect, tomcntobe. Sepals ^ in., hairy, purple, 
 with a glabrous narrow membranous fringe. Petals ^ in., claw and base of the blade 
 dark purple. Pods (immature) curved and undulate, densely tomeutose ; style j^^ in., 
 glabrous. 
 
 2. C. himalayensis, Comb, in J acq, Voy. Bot. 14, t. 13 ; leaves linear- 
 spathulate entire lobed or rarely subpinnatitid, flowers violet 'or puridish, 
 pods hairy, stigma sessile. C. himalaicus, //. /. d: T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 
 137. 
 
 West Tibet ; amongst rocks and loose stones, alt. 15-17,000 ft. 
 
 Bootstock xauiih divided. Stems 2-G in., numerous, leafy, tonientose. Leaves some- 
 what tufted. Floivers numerous, in rather dense terminal racemose heads, fragrant. 
 Sepals short, lanceolate, obtuse, lateral scarcely saccate at the biise. Petals twice the 
 length of the sepals, broadly spathulate retuse. Pods ^-14 in., linear, compressed; 
 valves with thickened margins. Seeds numerous, Bub-2-8eriate. 
 
 3. C. Stewartil, T. Anders.; leaves spathulate toothed at the tip, 
 flowers buflf then puri)le, pods glabrous, stigma sessile. 
 
 West Tibet, nearLadak, at 15-16,500 ft. elevation, Stervart. 
 
 Like the preceding but diflering in its glabrous pods and less divided leaves. Stems 
 nimierous, slender, erect in flower, depressed and spreading in fruit. Lower leaves 
 ^-1 in., subcoriaceous, woolly ; upper smaller, linear, entire. Ba^emes terminal, sub- 
 capitate, fruiting 3 in. Sepals oblong, y\ in. Petals | in., broadly spathulate. 
 Podg 1-1 4 ^y h ^^v ei'Gct, secund, linear, tapering at both ends ; valves flat, herbac.'ous ; 
 stigmji broad ; midrib and reticulated veins distinct. Seeds small, ovate-oLlong, sub- 
 2 -seriate t cotyledons accumbent. 
 
Cheiranthiis.] X. criTcifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 133 
 
 4. C. albiflorus, T. Anders. ; leaves subspathulate or linear-lanceolate 
 entire or sublobed, petals white, pods tomentose, style short. Cheiranthi 
 sp., //. /. (h T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 138, in note. 
 
 Zanskar in West Tibet, alt. 12-16,000 ft., T. T. 
 
 A small, hoary, minutely tomentose, tufted perennial. Stems slender, covered below 
 by withered petioles. Lower leaves loosely tufted ; upper linBar-lanceolate, entire, 
 rarely toothed. Flowers iu short, close racemes. Sepals linear, tomentose ; border 
 narrow, glabrous, membranous. Petals spathulate, obtuse or slightly retuse, white. 
 Very young pods linear, densely tomentose, many-seeded ; style short, glabrous. 
 
 4. ATEIiANTKERA, H. f. & T. 
 
 A minute slender annual, slightly rough with bipartite appressed hairs. 
 Leaves few, linear, entire. Flowers small, subsessile. Sepals erect, equal at 
 the base. Petals narrowly spathulate, emarginate. Anthers of all the 
 stamens with a short claw at the tip, of the long stamens 1-celled. Pod 
 linear, compressed; septum membranous; style short; stigma 2-lobed. 
 Seeds 1-seriate, flattened, without a border. 
 
 1. A. perpusilla, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 138 ; pods few 
 erect nearly 1 in. long, valves faintly nerved. 
 Zanskar in West Tibet, T. T. 
 
 5. NASTURTIUM, Br. 
 
 Terrestrial or aquatic, branched, glabrous or hairy herbs. Leaves entire 
 lobed or pinnatifid. Flowers sm^all, yellow, rarely white, sometimes bracteate. 
 Sepals short, spreading, equal at the base. Petals short, narrowed at the 
 base, scarcely clawed, or 0. Stamens 2, 4 or 6. Pod long or short, almost 
 cylindric ; valves faintly 1-nerved; septum thin, transparent ; style variable, 
 short or long and slender, stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds small, turgid, 
 2-seriate or irregularly 1-seriate ; cotyledons accumbent. — Distkib. Species 
 about 20, temp, and tropical. 
 
 1. N. officinale, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 110 ; aquatic, stem creeping 
 and floating, leaves pinnate, leaflets sinuate-lobed, flowers white. DC. 
 Prodr. i. 137 ; Griff. Itin. Notes, 275, n. 660 ; H.f. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 V. 130. (Watercress.) 
 
 RoHiLcuND, T. T. ; Punjab, Stewart ; also found near all the hill stations, but pro- 
 bably introduced. — Distrib. Affghanistan ; temp, Europe and Asia. 
 
 Stem much bi'anched. Leaves pinnate, the upper with 3-7 pinnules and a terminal 
 one, the lower cut into 3 repand segments. Flowers small, in short racemes. Petals 
 longer than the sepals. Pods ^-1 in., stalked, spreading or bent upwards. Seeds small 
 2-seriate. 
 
 2. N. palustre, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 191; suberect, radical leaves pinna- 
 tifid, flowers ebracteate yellow, pods short thick. N. terrestre, Br. in Hort. 
 Kew. ed. 2, iv. 110 ; H.f. (k T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158. N. heterophyllum 
 Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 202. 
 
 Abundant in the Temperate Himalaya, ascending to 10,000 ft. ; and in N.W. India 
 rare in Assam and Bengal. — Distrib. Many temperate regions. 
 
 -Stems weak, smooth, slightly hairy. Radical leaves numerous, petioled ; lobes broad, 
 often sinuate-toothed, terminal larger, ovate-lanceolate, much toothed ; cauline sub- 
 sessile; deeply toothed or pinnatifid. Flov)ers small, in long lax racemes. Petals about 
 equalling the sepals. Pods J-| in., slightly curved when ripe, pedicels either horizontal 
 or deflexed. Seeds crowded, 2-seriate. 
 
134 X. CRUCIFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) ^Nasturtiwm* 
 
 3. N. indlcum, DC. Syst. Veg, ii. 199 ; erect, radical leaves deeply pin- 
 natifid, flowers bracteate or ebracteate yellow, pods long narrow. 11. f. <k 
 T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 138. N. madagascarie'nse, W. <C' A. Prodr. 19 j 
 Wight III. t. 13. N. heterophyllum, Blaine Bijd. 50. »Sinapis divaricata, 
 Roxb. Ft. Ind. iii. 123. 
 
 Common in damp places throughout India from Ceylon to Mishmi and Kashmik. — 
 DiSTRiB. Malayan Archipelago ; Philippines, China, Japan. 
 
 A rough hairy or sometimes glabrous annual. Stem 6-12 in., erect, striated, 
 branching from near the base. Loicer leaves petioled, rarely entire, lobes generally 
 toothed ; upper lyrate, frequently with small auricles. Bacemes long, many-flowered. 
 Flowers small. Pttuls e4naliing the sepals. Pods cylindric \-^ in., spreading or 
 ascending. Seeds very ntmierous, small, rugose, 2-8eriate. — Some of the states of this 
 variable plant closely resemble N. ^j<dustTe,hvii have longer and less turgid pods. 
 
 Var. henghalense ; DC. Syst. ii. 198 {Sp.); flowers bracteate, bracts sessile leaf like 
 shorter than the pedicels linear-lanceolate variously toothed or entire. H.f. & T. in 
 Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 139. — Eastern Bengal, Sikkim, and the Hooghly ; Assam and 
 Silhet to Chittagong, Tenasserim. — (China.) 
 
 4. N. montanuxn, WaU. Cat. 4778 {jmrtly) • radical leaves sinuate-pin- 
 natifid, flowers bracteate yellow, pods short turgid» H. f. <t T. Joum. Linn. 
 Soc. V. 139. Sinapis pusiUa, Koxh. Ft. Ind. iii. 125. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya from Sikkim to the Punjab, ascending to 7000 ft. ; the 
 Khasia HiLi.a and Birma. — Distrib. Java, China, Japan. 
 
 An annual much resembling N. indicum, but less robust, with larger smoother less 
 divided leaves. Pods 1-1 4 in., Blender, not turgid. 
 
 6. BARBA2t£A, Br. 
 
 Perennial or biennial branched leafy herbs w^th angled stems and lyrately 
 pimiatifid leaves. Flowers yellow. Sejtals suberect, subequal at the base. 
 Petals with a broad claw. Pod long, linear, conii)ressed, 4-angled, many- 
 seeded ; valves hard, stout; usually strongly keeled. Seeds small, 1-seriate, 
 ovoid, without a margin; cotyledons accum bent. — Distrib. Species about 
 20, chiefly European. 
 
 1. B. vulg-arlB, Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 109; perennial, usually 
 branched, pods strongly keeled. DC. Prodr. i. 140 ; H. f. <& T. in Jo urn. 
 Linn. Soc. v. 139. 
 
 Temperate and subalpine Himalaya and W. Tibet; alt. 6-10,000 ft. — Disteib. 
 Europe, W. Asia, N. and S. Africa, Australia. 
 
 Stitt", erect, smooth. Stems 9-18 in., furrowed, green, leafy. Lower leaves petioled, 
 lyrate-pinnate, terminal lobe large, subrotund ; upper leaves sessile, obovate, entire 
 sinuate or pinnatifid at the base, lowest lobes auricled stem-clasping. Pods §-14 i"-i 
 numerous in a crowded raceme, narrow-linear, rigid ; pedicels erect or spreading ; 
 style about ^^ in., stout, .straight. 
 
 Var. 1. taurica, DC. Syst. ii. 207 (Sp.) ] ripper leaves ovate entire or toothed, 
 pedicels of the ripe pods almost horizontal, pods erect stout rigid a little curved, 
 style rather long and slender. Griff. Itin. Notes 306 n. 1047-1503. B. Iberica, DC. I.e. 
 208 ; B. arcuata, Jieichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 48 ; B. prsecox. Fries. Nov. 206, in Herb. 
 Kew. {not of of/iers).— Kashmir and W, Tibet, alt. 6-10,000 ft. (Affghanistan, W. Asia, 
 and throughout Europe.) — The fully ripe pods of Affghan specimens vary from |-14 in. 
 ' Var. 2. sicula, Presl. delic. Prag. {Sp.) ; less robust, lower leaves lyrate, terminal 
 lobes ovate, lateral often wanting, upper leaves pinnate, segments linear, pedicels less 
 spreading, pods straight narrow compressed subtorulose, style short almost as broad as 
 the pod. — B. intermedia, Boreau Flor. Cent. France, ii. 40. — W. Tibet and Temperate 
 Himalaya, alt. 6-17,000 ft. ; Nilghiri Mts. (Asia Minor, S. Europe.) 
 
Barbarea.'] x. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 135 
 
 2. B. data, H. f. <^ T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 140 ; biennial, simple, pods 
 faintly 1-nerved. 
 
 Inner ranges of Sikkim, alt. 11-13,000 ft., always near villages, H.f. 
 
 Glabrous or sparsely haiiy. Stem 2-3 ft., stout, generally simple, striated. Radical 
 leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, terminal lobe oblong obtuse sinuate ; cauline leaves auricled, 
 obovate, entire sinuate-lobed or coarsely toothed. Bacemes very long, few-flowered. 
 Petals bright yellow. Pedicels erect, thick, shorter than the pod. Pods ^-§ in., thick, 
 turgid ; style short, distinct ; valves convex, midrib iudistiuct. 
 
 7. ARABIS, Linn. 
 
 Glabrous or pubescent annuals or perennials, sometimes with stellate 
 pubescence. Radical leaves spathulate, often rosulate ; cauline sessile, 
 entire or toothed. Flowers racemed, ebracteate, white rarely purple or 
 rose-coloured. Sepals short, erect, lateral saccate. Petals entire, usually 
 clawed. Pod long, slender, linear, compressed ; valves smooth, flat, keeled 
 or ribbed ; septum linear, membranous ; stigma subsessile. Seeds ovoid or 
 orbicular, compressed, margined or wingless, 1- or sub-2-seriate ; cotyledons 
 accumbent. — Distrib. Species about 130, abundant in N. Asia, Europe, and 
 N. America, rare in the fe. hemisphere. 
 
 * Cauline leaves many, auricle at the base. Flowers racemose. Pods 
 glabrous. Seeds 2-seriate. 
 
 1. A. g'labra, Crantz. Stirp. Austr. 36; stem 1-3 ft., radical leaves 
 obovate-oblung hispid with stellate hairs, flowers small, pods erect crowded 
 glabrous. IP.f. d; T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 140. A. perfoliata, Lam. ; Boiss. 
 Fl. Orient, i. 167. Turritis glabra, DC. Prodr. i. 142. Reich. Ic. Ft. Germ. 
 t. 44, f. 4346. T. rigida, Wall. Cat. 4783. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 6-10,000 ft. — Distrib. Temp. 
 Europe, Asia, N. America ; Alps of Australia. 
 
 A stiff, erect, glaucous annual or biennial. Stem generally simple, striated, gla- 
 brous or slightly hairy at the base. Radical leaves spreading, soon withering, entire or 
 sinuate-toothed or pinnately lobed, rough on both surfaces ; cauline oblong-lanceolate, 
 entire, auricled, glabrous. Flowers straw-coloured or white. Fruiting racemes much 
 elongated. Pods 2-34 i^., pedicelled, narrow, linear ; valves flat, 1-nerved ; septum 
 crumpled. Seeds 2-senate. 
 
 ** Cauline leaves many, auricled at the base. Flowers racemose. Pods 
 usually hairy. Seeds 1-seriate. 
 
 2. A. auriculata, Lam. Diet. i. 219 ; annual, stellately hairy, leaves 
 sinuate-toothed, cauline with obtuse or apiculate basal lobes, flowers small, 
 stigma sessile. Rich. Ic. Fl. Germ, t, 39, f. 4334; H.f. <&: T. Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. V. 141. A. Montbretiana and A. Aucheri, Boiss. I.e. 169, 170. 
 
 In Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., T. T.— Distrib. Aflfghanistan, W. Asia, Mediter- 
 ranean. 
 
 Stem 3-12 in., erect, simple or somewhat branched. Radical leaves spreading, 
 petioled, ovate-oblong, obtuse ; cauline ovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed. Racemes elon- 
 gate, lax. Flowers white. Poc/s i-1 4 in., hairy ?, narrow, straight, slender; stigma 
 small ; pedicel { in., stout, erect or spreading. Seeds 1-seriate, very small. 
 
 3. A. alpina, Linn. ; annual, hoary with forked or stellate hairs, leaves 
 coarsely toothed, cauline with obtuse basal lobes, flowers large, pods erect 
 or ascending. DC. Prodr. i. 142 \ E.f.& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 141. 
 
136 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Arabis. 
 
 A. albida, iStev. ; DC I.e. 142. A. pterosperma, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. 
 /Soc. XX. 33. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Marri, alt. 5-12,000 ft. — Disteib. Alpine and 
 arctic Europe, Asia, N. America, Abyssinia. 
 
 Stems simple, or slightly branched. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, seldom entire, 
 radical spreading, petioled ; cauline sessile. J^Voicers ^ in. diam., white. Sepals 
 glabrous. Petals spathulate, with long claws. Pods \\-2\ in., naiTOw-linear, erect 
 when young, often spreading when ripe ; pedicels slender, glabrous or hairy. — The 
 Indian specimens differ from the more western in the glabrous sepals. 
 
 4. A. amplezicaulis, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 31 ; hispidly 
 pilose, leaves coarsely toothed, cauline with obtuse basal auricles, pods 
 norizontal or drooping, flowers large. 11./. <S: T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 142. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 4500-9000 ft. 
 
 A perennial resembling A. alpina, but larger, more robust, leaves broader, and hori- 
 zontal on almost drooping pods. Stevi 6-24 in., suberect, simple or slightly branched, 
 hirsute, especially below. Radical leaves 1^-4 in. long, obovate-oblong ; cauline sessile. 
 Jiacemes long, lax, many-flowered. Flowers white. Pods linear, acute ; style slender 
 elongated. Seeds larger than those of A. cdjiina, wingless. 
 
 *** Cauline leaves many (few in A. taraxicifolla), not auricled at the 
 base. Flowers racemed. Pods glabrous. Seeds l-seriate. 
 
 6. A. tlbetica, //./ (0 T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 143 ; perennial, stellately 
 hairy, leaves lobed or toothed, flowers small, pods suberect falcate. A. 
 Thomson i, 7/./. I.e. 
 
 In Kashmik and Western Tibet, alt. 9-16,000 ft., T. T., &c. 
 
 Stt7ns 4-8 in., numerous, suberect, branched, leafy. Padicnl leaves rosulate, petioled, 
 obovate or spathulate, more or less hairy ; upper cauline sessile, lanceolate or narrowly 
 spathulate, coarsely toothed or entire. Flowers numerous, white or pale pink. Sepals 
 acute, sparsely stellately hairy. Petals twice as long as the sepals, spathulate claw 
 short. Pods 1^ in., narrow linear, fakate, glabrous ; valves veined ; midrib distinct. 
 Seeds small, not margined — The fruiting specimens referred in Journ. Linn. Soc. to 
 A. Thomsoni belong probably to a Sisymbrium. 
 
 6. A. g-landulosa, Kar. eC- Kir. En. PI. Soong. in Bull. Soc. Imn. 
 Mosc. XV. 147; annual, glandular, leaves ^pinnatifid, flowers small, pods 
 suberect obtuse. //./. <£: 2\ in Journ. Liun. Soc. v. 143. 
 
 Tibetan region of Sikkim, alt. 14-16,000 ft., II. f.; Western Tibet near Ladak, 
 Stetcart. — Distrib. Soongaria. 
 
 Stem short, spreading, prostrate, leafy. Radical leaves \-\ in., petioled ; cauline 
 \-^ in., sessile, linear or entire. Petals J in., spathulate, claw short, pale rose or 
 white. Pods 1 in,, linear; style short tapering; pedicel short, thick, erect; valves 
 concave, veined, with a faint midrib. Seeds small, oblong, slightly flattened, not 
 margined. 
 
 7. A. taraxaclfolla, Anders. ; annual, hairy, stems spreading, radical 
 leaves many k)iig-i)etioled lyrate-pinnatifid or lobed, flowers few distant, 
 pedicels slender, pods very narrow, style long acute. 
 
 Punjab ; in sandy places near Peshawur, Stewart. 
 
 Stems 6-9 in., numerous, almost leafless, weak, glabrous above, subhispid near the 
 base. liadical leaves rough, hairy ; terminal lobe large, rounded, entire, rarely toothed ; 
 lateral short, narrow, entire obtuse; petiole 2-3 in. ; cauline leaves few, sessile, oblong- 
 lanceolate, entire or sinuate-toothed. Sepals pubescent or glabrous. Petals \ in., 
 narrow-oblong, pale rose or white ; pedictils slender, spreading or suberect, glabrous. 
 Pods 14-2^ in., suberect horizontal or decurved, linear, flattened, glabrous; pedicel 
 ^1 in. ; valves thin, veinless. — Closely allied to A. arenosa, L., but diflers in the form 
 of the leaves and length of the pod. 
 
Arabis.] x. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 137 
 
 **** Flowers in leafless scapes. 
 
 8. A. nuda, Belang, Voy. Ic. {withoid number or description) ; leaves all 
 radical obovate-oblong entire or toothed, flowers small, pods erect glabrous. 
 Boiss. in A?m. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xvii. 54; H.f. & T. Journ. Linn. 8oc. v. 142. 
 Arabis scapigera, Boiss. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xvii. 54. Sisymbrium nudum, 
 Boiss. F. Orient, i. 214. 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5600-6000 ft., T. T.— Distrib. AfiFghanistan to Asia Minor, and 
 N. Syria. 
 
 A small annual, with slightly hairy leaves. Scapes several, 1-5 in., erect, rigid and 
 not spreading, many-flowered, glabrous or slightly hairy at the base. Flowers yellow. 
 Sepals equal, obtuse, green, glabrous. Petals twice as long as the sepals. Pods 
 I-I4 in. on very short thick pedicels, straight or curved, linear, much flattened, obtuse; 
 valves with a distinct midrib and prominent veins. Seeds not margined; cotyledons 
 accumbent (hence an Arabis, but most closely allied to Sys. thalianum). 
 
 8. CARDAMINE, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent, often flaccid herbs. 
 Leaves entire lobed or pinnate. Flowers white, pale-purple or violet, very 
 rarely yellow. Sejmls equal at the base. Petals clawed. Pod narrow-linear, 
 compressed, tapering at both ends ; valves with a distinct midrib, opening 
 elastically; septum membranous ; stigma simple or 2-lobed. yS'eetis flattened, 
 without a border, 1-seriate; cotyledons accumbent. — Distrib. About 60 
 species, natives of the N. and S. temperate regions. 
 
 * Leaves not deeply Idbed or pinnatisect. \ 
 
 1. C. violacea, Wall. Gat. 4782 ; stem stout simple erect, leaves sessile 
 amplexicaul lanceolate toothed, flowers large violet, style long. H.f. (k T, 
 in Joui-n. Linn. Soc. v. 145. 
 
 Temperate region, central Nipal, WallicJi. 
 
 Stem 2-5 ft. Leaves 3-5 in., tapering to the tip, auricles sagittate. Flovjers 
 racemed, ^-| in. broad. Pods | in., on thickened pedicels, erect, tapering at both 
 ends ; style ^ in. 
 
 2. C. circaeoides, H.f. d& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 144; annual, almost 
 glabrous, slender, leaves petioled cordate obtuse, flowers small white, style 
 short. 
 
 Moist woods in the interior of Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., J. D.H. 
 
 Stem 6-12 in., simple or slightly branched. Leaves thin, radical on much longer 
 stalks than the cauline, sinuate-toothed, lower lobes rounded. Bacemes few-flowered. 
 Pods 1 in., on short pedicels, erect or spreading, narrow-linear ; stigma broad. 
 
 ** Radical leaves trifoliolate. 
 
 3. C africana, Linn. ; perennial, leaflets petioled crenate-serrate, flowers 
 dull white, funicles not winged. H. f. <k T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 144. C 
 borbonica, Pers. ; DC. I.e.; Thwaites Enum. 399; W. (Sc A. Prodr. 20; 
 Wight Ic, t. 941. C. anteniquana, DC. I.e. C. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4781. 
 
 Mountain woods of the Western Peninsula and CErLON. — Distrib. S. temp, and 
 tropical Africa ; Bourbon. 
 
 Stem 6-24 in., decumbent or erect, sparsely hispid or glabrous. Leaves long- 
 petioled ; leaflets broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, the lateral oblique at the base. Racemss 
 few-flowered. Flowers small. Pods I4 in., erect or ascending, tapering at both ends; 
 pedicels ^-f in. 
 
138 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Cardamine. 
 
 4. C. trifollolata, H. f. d: T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 145 ; succulent 
 leaflets subsessile 3-lobed, flowers pale lilac, funicles not winged. Griff. 
 It Notes 121, No. 259. 
 
 Mossy streams in the forests of Bhotan, alt. 5500 ft., Griffith. 
 
 A small fleshy annual; rootstock short, creeping; stems 4-5 in., simple erect. 
 Hadical leaves on long very slender petioles, leaflets small, rounded, sparsely hairy 
 above, glabrous beneath, lobes obtusely pointed ; cauline few, shortly petioled, some- 
 times simple. Racemes subcorymbose, few-flowered. Sepals small, obovate, glabrous, 
 margin membranous. Petals ^ in. long, obovate, scarcely clawed. 
 
 *** Radical leaves {or all) pinnatisect. 
 
 5. C. subumbellata, Hook. mss. ; perennial, young parts with spread- 
 ing hairs, leaflets petioled irregularly lobed and crenate, flowers small, yel- 
 lowish-white, pods irregularly corymbose narrow lanceolate acute few- 
 seeded. C. hirsuta var. subumbellata, DalzeLl in Hook. Kew Joum. Rot. 
 1852, 294. C. nilagirica, JScJdecht. i?i Herb. Hohenack. No. 1493. 
 
 Shaded woods in the Concan, Malabar, and Ceylon. 
 
 Slender, diffuse, very like C. hirsuta, var. sylratica, but young parts laxly strigose 
 ■with spreading hairs, inflorescence corymbose, flowers more yellow, and pods broader. 
 SteJii 3-10 in., branching from the roots. Leaflets 3-6 by ^-IJ in. Pods ^-\ in., 
 sometimes solitary and axillary, 6-10-seeded. Seeds broad-oblong, remote ; funicle 
 dilated. 
 
 6. C. hirsuta, Linn., var. sylvatica, TJnk. (sp.) ; annual, glabrous, leaf- 
 lets petioled, petioles not auriclecl, flowers small white, stamens 6, pods 
 racemed erect acute or obtuse. C. hirsuta, //./. <L\T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. 
 V. 146 ; Wall. Cat. 4780. C. debilis, Don Prodr. 201. 
 
 All temperate regions of India ; and a WQcd of the cold season in Bengal. — Distrib. 
 General. 
 
 Stem suberect or decumbent, 3-12 in. Leaflets orbicular-ovate, toothed, and angled ; 
 of the upper leaves narrow. Petals narrow, erect, twice as long as the very small 
 sepals. Pods ^-1 in. ; style very short, except in var. oxycarpa. 
 
 V AB. oxycarpa (not C. oj-ycarpa, Boiss.) ; diflusely branched, pods acuminate, style 
 slender. — Hilly districts, common. 
 
 7. C. impatlens, Linn.; annual, erect, glabrous, leaflets shortly pe- 
 tioled, petioles auricled, flowers small white, stamens 6, pods erect. //. /. 
 d' T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 146 ; G^'iff. It. Notes 218, n. ,99. C. pectinata, 
 DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 264. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 5-12,000 ft. — Distrib. Affgha- 
 nistan, temp. Europe and Asia. 
 
 Stems stiff", 6-12 in. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets small, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, 
 obtusely 3-5-lobed ; auricles of the stemUeaves sagittate. Petals linear, erect, very 
 minute, white, often 0. Pods 1 in., erect, very slender, linear, acute ; style subulate ; 
 valves smooth. 
 
 8. C pratensis, Linn. ; perennial, glabrous, leaflets in equidistant 
 pairs angled shortly petioled, flowers large white or lilac, pods huear erect. 
 H.f. & T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 145. 
 
 Hassora in Western Tibet, Winterbottom. — Distrib. N. and W. Asia, Europe, 
 Abyssinia, N. America. 
 
 Stem 1 ft. ; rootstock sometimes bearing small fleshy tubers. Leaves pinnate ; leaf- 
 lets of the radical leaves orbicular or ovate, terminal larger ; those of the cauline leaves 
 linear-oblong, entire. Flowers corymbose when young. Petals spreading, three times 
 as long as the sepals. Pods 1 in. ; style short. 
 
Cardamine.] X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 139 
 
 9. C. G-rlffithll, H. f. (& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146 ; perennial, erect, 
 leaflets sessile entire or sinuate, lowest pair at the base of the petiole, 
 flowers large deep lilac. Grif. I tin. Notes, 188. n. 996. 
 
 Wet places near Lamu in Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 Rootstoch creeping; stem 1 ft,, angled and grooved. Leaflets in 3-6 pairs, ovate 
 oblong or rounded. — 'The specimens have no flowers, but Griffith has recorded their size 
 and colour. 
 
 10. C. eleg-antula, H.f. (^ T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146; very small, 
 annual, branched, leaflets linear-oblong in 5-7 remote pairs, flowers white 
 or rose, pods filiform. Hutchirisia sp., Griff. It. Notes, 195, n. 1079. 
 
 Wet rocks Chuka in Bhotan, alt. 6500 ft., Griffith. 
 
 Pale green, tender. Stem 2-3 in., slender. Leaves glabrous, pinnate ; leaflets petio- 
 lulate, small, fleshy, linear-obltmg, sublobed angled or quite entire. Racemes 
 lengthened, 2-9-flovvered. Petals white or rose, broadly clawed, thrice as long as the 
 email glabrous sepals. Pods % in., narrow-linear, on very slender, filiform, spreading 
 or drooping pedicels ; style short, a little narrower than the pods. 
 
 11. C. macrophylla, Willd. Sp- PI. iii. 484 ; stout, erect, perennial, 
 leaflets ovate or lanceolate crenate-lobed or pinnatifid, flowers large white 
 or deep violet, pods with very thick margins. DC. Prodr i. 152 ; H.f. dc T. 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 145. C. polyphylla, I)on Prodr. Ft. Nep. 201. Dentaria 
 dasyloba, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Lmp. Mosc. xxx. n. 103. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-12,000 ft., from Sikkim to Kashmir. — Distrib. N.Asia, 
 Japan. 
 
 Leafy, glabrous or slightly pubescent ; rootstock creeping ; stem simple, herbaceous, 
 1-24 ft-) smooth, striated. Leaves all pinnate ; leaflets 4-3 in., 3-5 pairs, acuminate 
 or obtuse. Racemes erect, many-flowered. Pods J-l^ in., erect, tapering at both ends; 
 valves smooth, flat ; style ^ in., rigid. 
 
 Var. 1. dent aricef alia ; lateral leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate crenateor serrate 
 obtuse, flowers large white or violet, pods f-l^ io- — C. macrophylla, Led. PL Ross. i. 
 128,. — From Kuniaon to Kashmir. 
 
 Var. 2. foliosa ; lateral leaflets narrow-lanceolate acuminate subpinnatifid, flowers 
 white, pods I-I4 in- pale coloured. — C. foliosa. Wall. Cat. 4779. — Kumaon and Kashmir. 
 The smallest state of the species. 
 
 Var. S.lohata; leaflets ovate-lanceolate irregularly and coarsely lobed or cut, lobes 
 obtuse, flowers and pods as in var. foliosa, but the plant larger. — Kashmir, 6000 ft.; 
 Western Tibet, 13,000 ft. 
 
 Var. 4. sikkimensis ; tall and coarse, leaflets ovate-lanceolate obtusely serrate, 
 flower large deep violet, pods large and broad 1^ in. long pale brown. — Inner ranges 
 of Sikkim, 7000-13,000 ft. (The Lepchas use the leaves and young stems of this 
 variety as a pot-herb.) 
 
 1 9. XiOXOSTElHON, H. f. k T. 
 
 A diminutive tender annual, with a few petiolate, usually 3-foliolate, 
 leaves. Flowers small, corymbose, lilac. Sepals spreading, equal at the 
 base. Petals broadly ^spathulate, clawed. Filaments of the long stamens 
 thickened at the tip and recurved. Pod linear ; stigma sessile, 2-lobed. 
 
 Closely allied to Cardamine, but in the absence of ripe fru i 8 place cannot be 
 determined with certainty. 
 
 1. Xi. pulchellus, H.f. d- T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 14# 
 
 SiKKiM, in moist grassy places, alt. 10-13,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 Stem slender, filil'orra, tiexuous, glabrous, springing from a mass of toothed root- 
 bulbils. Leaves generally 3-ibliolate, rarely in 2 pairs ; leaflets subsessile, linear, entire, 
 apiculate. Corymb 3-6-flowered. 
 
140 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Notocerat. 
 
 10. NOTOCBRAS, Br. 
 
 A small, stiff, depressed, branched, hoary herb, with bipartite adpressed 
 pubescence. Flowers vfhxte, in leaf-opposed racemes. Sepals equal at the 
 base. Petals small, linear-oblong. F(xls rigid, almost indehiscent, linear- 
 oblong, terete ; valves with a prominent keel j)rolonged at the tip into a horn ; 
 internally pitted opposite the seeds; style short; stigma capitate. Seeds 
 1-seriate, small, compressed, wingless ; cotyledons accumbent. 
 
 1. N. Canarlense, Br. in H art. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 117 ; Griff. If in. Not. 
 230, n. 225 ; JI. f. d' T. Jo^im. Linn. Soc. iv. 147. N. hispanicum, DC. ; 
 Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 17. 
 
 Fields and sandy places in the Pdxjab, Vicary, &c. — Distrib. Westward to the 
 Canary Islands. 
 
 jStems 6-8 in., spreading and branching from the base. Leaves linear-oblong, entire. 
 Hacemes short, many-flowered. Sepals covered with adpressed hairs. Pods i in., eub- 
 sessile, erect, hoary. Seeds 4-8. 
 
 11. FARSETZA, Desv. 
 
 Hoary ortomentose much branched twiggy undcrshrubs or herbs. Leaves 
 small, linear-oblong, entire. Floivers white pink or yellow, spiked or ra- 
 cemed. Sepals erect, connivent, lateral saccate at the base. Petals with long 
 claws. Pods sessile, linear or elliptic, much flattened ; valves convex, plane 
 or with a midrib; septum membranous. Seeds 1-2-seriate, suborbicular, 
 broadly winged ; cotyledons accumbent. — Distrib. About 20 species, na- 
 tives of S. Europe, W. Asia, and N. Africa. 
 
 1. P. Jacquemontli, //./. dh T. Joum. lAnn. Snc.v. 148; flowers 
 large, buds elliptic, sepals acute, pods narrow linear. Griff. Itin. Notes^ 218, 
 n. 105. 
 
 Sandy places in the Punjab and Sindh. — Distrib. Affgbanistan and Bclucbistan. 
 
 An erect, ratber rigid, boary perennial, covered with closely adpressed hairs attached 
 at their middle. Stems 12-18 in., branches virgate. Leaves \-l in., linear oblong or 
 linear. Sepals stngose. Pefa/* half as long again as the sepals. Pods 14-2 by |-Jin., 
 compressed; valves flat, nerveless or faintly 1 -nerved ; stigma short, siiberect. Seeds 
 2-scriate. — It is impossible to determine from Burman's figure whether this is the 
 Arabis hcleopJdla, DC. 
 
 2. r. Kamiltonii, Pof/le III. 71 ; flowers small, buds small subglobose, 
 sepals obtuse. II. f. d: T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 148. F. linearis, Decaisne in 
 Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xvii. 150 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 808. Cheiranthus Farsetia, 
 Wall. Cat. 4081. Arabis incanescens, Munro, Plants of Agra ^ 6. 
 
 Upper Gangetic plain and the Punjab, from Agra Westwards. — Distrib, Affgba- 
 nistan, Arabia, Algeria. 
 
 More rigid and woody than F. Jacquemontii, covered with denser and finer closely 
 adpressed pubescence ; branches long, erect, virgate. Ijcaves linear, very narrow. 
 Flowers in long spicate racemes. JSepals strigose, margins scarions. Petals obovate, a 
 little longer than the sepals, pink. Pod 4-1 in. by ^ in., linear ; valves almost nerveless; 
 septum transparent; style slender. Seech 1-seriate. — C\o8Q:\y aWied to F, lovgisiliqua, 
 Dene., of Egypt and Arabia, but has .smaller flowers and shorter pods. F. linearis^ 
 Dene., is certainly identical with the Indian plant although the Algerian specimens 
 have a slightly longer style, and a more 2-lobed stigma. 
 
 3. r. aeg-yptlaca, Turr. diss. Fars. i. t. 1, ex DC. Syst. ii. 287 ; flowers 
 large, buds cylindric, sepals obtuse, pod elliptic-oblong. H.f. <k T. Joum. 
 
Farsctia,] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 141 
 
 Linn. Soc. v. 147 ; Griff. Itin. N'otes, 366, n. 11. F. ovalis, Boiss. Diag. viii. 
 32. F. Edgeworthii, H.f. (^ T. Jo urn. Linn. Soc. v. 147. 
 
 Punjab, in the Salt range, Edgeioorth, &c, — Distrib. Affghanistan, Arabia, N. Africa. 
 
 A rigid, hoary undershnib, with forked virgate branches. Leaves linear. Flowers 
 spicate, distant. Calyx cylindrical. Sepals \-^ in., hoary. Petals linear, obtuse, 
 twice as long as the sepals. Pods \-% by ^-\ in., erect, broad, elliptic-oblong; valves 
 flat, midrib indistinct or sometimes prominent ; style very short. Seeds usually 2- 
 seriate. 
 
 12. AZ.YSSUBI, Linn. 
 
 Small branching herbs or undershrubs, often rigid, pubescent, hoary, stel- 
 late or scaly. Leaves linear, entire. Flowers small, yellow or white, in ebrac- 
 teate racemes. Sepals short, erect or spreading, equal at the base. Petals 
 with short claws, entire or 2-fid. Filaments often winged or with tooth-like 
 appendages. Pods short, flattened parallel to the septum or turgid, orbi- 
 cular elliptic ovate obovate or oblong ; valves flat or concave or convex in 
 the centre and flat at the margin ; septum membranous, entire or perfo- 
 rated ; style varying in length. Seeds 2-10, flattened ; cotyledons accum- 
 bent. — Distrib. Species about 90, natives of S. Europe, Central Asia, and 
 Southern Siberia. 
 
 Alyssum {Kceniga) maritbnum is cultivated in gardens in N.-W. India. 
 
 1. A. mlnimuxn, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 464; leaves linear-oblong or 
 obovate, filaments winged, valve of pod tumid in the centre. Boiss. Fl. 
 Otient. i. 281 j H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148. 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 4-6000 ft., T. T.— Distrib. Affghanistan, W. Asia, S. Europe. 
 
 A hoary herb, with numerous stiff stems or branches, 6-8 in. long, spreading from 
 the base, ascending, everywhere except the petals and pods covered with stellate hairs 
 or scales. Racemes many-flowered, lengthening during flowering. Petals minute, 
 linear, white or faintly yellow. Filaments with entire or toothed wings. Pods as long 
 as their pedicels, orbiculaz', slightly notched, glabrous ; style very short, acute. 
 
 2. A. canescens, DC. Prodr. i. 164; leaves narrow-linear, filaments 
 not winged, valve of pod flat. H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. 149. A. 
 tenuifolium, DC Syst. ii. 322. Pilotrichum canescens and elongatum, 
 C. A. Mey. in Led. FL Alt iii. 66; Ic. PL Ross. t. 273. 
 
 Western Himalaya in Kumaon, and Western Tibet, alt. 14-17,000 ft.; T. T., &c. — 
 Distrib. S. Siberia. 
 
 A small, very hoary ,tomentose plant; woody stems short tufted. Leaves 1 in., 
 densely tufted, obtuse, erect. Racemes corymbose, elongating in the fruit. Petals 
 orbicuiar-obovate, twice as long as the sepals, white. Pods ^ in., erect, on short filiform 
 pedicels, ovate, tomentose ; style slender, half the length of the pod ; stigma capitate. 
 Seeds 2, not margined. 
 
 13. DXtABA, Linn. 
 
 Small tufted herbs with stellate pubescence. Leaves entire, radical rosu- 
 late. Flowers white or yellow, rarely purple, in sliort ebracteate racemes, 
 or corymbs. Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals entire or emargiiiate, 
 claws short. Filaments simple. Pods compressed or turgid, elliptic oblong 
 or ovoid, rarely linear ; valves flat, rarely convex ; septum membranous ; style 
 short or long. Seeds 2-seriate, ovoid, compressed, not margined ; cotyledons 
 accumbent, rarely incumbent. — Distrib. Species about 80, natives of N. 
 temp., arctic, and alpine regions, and of the Andes of S. America. 
 
142 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.)" [Draha. 
 
 Sect. I. Alzopsls. Roohtoclc stout, with many crowded tufta of 
 rosulate leaves, which are rigid, ciliate, with a stout midrib beneath. 
 
 1. D. g'laclalis, Adams in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. v. 106 ; leaves linear, 
 scapes naked, flowers yellow, pods twisted, style distinct. DC. Prodr. i. 
 167 ; H. f. & T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 160. D. setosa, Royle III. 71. D. 
 elegans, hoiss. Fl. Orient, i. 300. 
 
 Western Tibet and Kunawdr, alt. 10-15,000 ft. — ^Dtstrib. Arctic Asia and Ame- 
 rica, Soongaria, Rocky Mts. 
 
 iiootslender, woody; branches many, prostrate, tufted, covered below with withered 
 leaves. Leaves densely tulted, rather rigid, entire, rough and ciliated. Scapes 1-5 iu,, 
 numerous, erect, stiff. Floioers crowded near the summit of the scape. Pedicels and 
 calyx glabrous. Pods ^-^ in., erect, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. — Scarcely dis- 
 tinct from D, alpina, L. 
 
 Sect. II. Chrysodraba. Boot or roofstock stout, with many crowded 
 tufts of leaves. Leaves not rigid, without a strong midrib beneath, setose or 
 tomentose. Flowers yellow. 
 
 2. D. alplna, Zm?.; perennial, leaves densely rosulate oblong spathu- 
 lateor lanceolate, scape leafless or 1-leaved, pods elliptic glabrous straight. 
 //./. d: T. JoHi-n. lAnn. Soc. v. 150. 1>. radicans, Jioi/le III. 71. D. alpicola, 
 Klotzsch in Reise Pr. Waldem. 128, t. 36, f. 1 (bad). (D. algida, Adains; 
 Adamsii, Led. ; ochroleuca, Bunge ; polytricha, Zee/.) 
 
 Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir and in Western Tihet, alt. 12-17,000 ft. 
 — DiHTRin. Alps of W. Asia, N. Europe, the Hotky Mts. and Arctic regions. 
 
 Stems densely tufted, short or 6-10 in. Leaves \-\ in., covered with mi.xed simple 
 and branched hairs, or glabrous with ciliate margins. Scapes ^-6 in., 1-10-flowered. 
 Flowers rather large, subcapitate. Sei><tU usually glabrous. Pods ^\ in., shortly 
 racemose, 4-10-8eeded ; pedicels suberect, hairy or glabrous, long ; style very short. 
 
 3. D. elata, //./. <6 T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 150 ; annual, leaves loosely 
 rosulate spathulate obtuse, scapes with distant leaves, pods ovate- or 
 oblong-lanceolate acute twisted. 
 
 Subalpine inner ranges of Sikkim, alt. 11-13,000 ft., II. f. 
 
 Erect, 9-15 in., sparingly covered with simple and stellate hairs. Radical leaves 
 petioled, entire or rarely toothed. Floioers numerous, subcapitate. Sepals | in., hairy, 
 margin scarious. Petals twii e as long, ovate-oblong, clawed. Pods in long lax racemes, 
 once or twice twisted, glabrous when ripe ; pedicels 4 in., spreading or suberect, pilose, 
 lower often bracteate. 
 
 4. D. incoxnpta, Steven in Bull. Soc. Nat. Hist. Mosc. iii. 268 ; peren- 
 nial, leaves rosulate oblong, scapes naked, pod elliptic-oblong slightly 
 curved not twisted. DC. Prodr. i 168 ; Deless. Ic. ii. 44. D. tibetica, 
 var. y Winterbottomi, II. f. d' T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 152. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 11-13,000 ft., Falconer, Winterhottom.—Dimmh. Persia, 
 Caucasus. 
 
 A small very tomentose, hoary plant, with short naked branches from the crown of 
 the root, ending in tufts ofleaves. Leaves \~\ in., all tufted, oblong. Scapes \-^ in., 
 pubescent, scarcely lengthening in fruit. Pods glabrous ; style short, bent or straight, 
 — The fruit of this plant was unknown when it was referred as a variety to D. tibetica ; 
 those of Falconer's specimens recently added to the Kew Herbarium have ripe pods, 
 which are similar to those of the Persian and Caucasian plant. 
 
 Sect. III. lieucodraba. Rootsiock biennial or perennial, with many 
 tufts of radical leaves. Leaves soft, flat. Floaers white. 
 
/ 
 3raha.] x. cruciferje. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 143 
 
 6. D. incana, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 170 ; stem leafy, rarely branched, 
 leaves usually toothed, pods elliptic-lenceolate acute hoary longer than 
 their pedicel. Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 14 ; H.f.<k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 
 151. D. bimalayensis, Klotzsch in Bot. Eeis. Fr. Wold. 127, t. 34 B (bad). 
 (D. conf usa, Ehr. ; gracilis, Led^j 
 
 Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to WESTERtf Tibet, alt. 10-17,000 ft. — Distrib, 
 Alpine and arctic N. Europe, Asia and America, Fuegia. 
 
 Hoary. Stems 1-10 in., erect. Badical leaves |-| in., loosely tufted or spreading, 
 elliptic or oblong-lanceolate or narrow-spathnlate ; cauline distant, sessile, ovate- or 
 oblong-lanceolate, toothed or rarely entire. Flowers small, white. Petals twice the 
 length of the sepals, obovate, notched. Pods raceraed, compressed, sometimes twisted, 
 tomentose ; pedicels J-^ in., erect, pubescent ; stigma subsessile. 
 
 The Tibetan and Himalayan specimens possess the characters of D. confusa, Ehr., 
 usually having toothed cauline leaves, and stellately pubescent pods. 
 
 6. D. lasiophylla, Royle Lll. p. 71 ; stem sparsely leafy, radical leaves 
 crowded soft white, pods elliptic-lanceolate much twisted shorter and 
 broader than in D. incana. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 301 : H. f. (^ T. Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. v. 151. D. glomerata, Royle III. 71. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya and Western Tibet, from Sikkim to Kunawur and Ladak, alt. 
 12-18,000 ft.— Distrib. Turkistan. 
 
 Very like the preceding, but more hairy, and with shorter less leafy stems, and leaves 
 in closer tufts. Radical leaves g^-^in., oval-oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Stems simple, 
 erect, with 1-3 sessile lanceolate leaves. Flowers small, white, subcapitate. Fruiting 
 racemes elongate or snbcapitate ; pedicels very short. Pods once to three times 
 twisted. — Very closely allied to D. stellata, Jacq,, of the European Alps (D. siliquosa^ 
 M. A. B., is probably identical), scarcely differing except in the twisted pod. 
 
 7. 1>- fladnitzensis, Widf. in Jacq. Misc. i. 147 and 17, f. 1 ; small 
 
 glabrous or pilose, leaves deusely rosulate lanceolate, scape slender leafless 
 or 1-leaved, pods elliptic-oblong or lanceolate straight glabrous. DC- Prodr. 
 i. 169 ; Reicli. Ic. Fl, Germ. xiii. f. 4237. D. Wahlenbergii, Hartm. Scand. 
 ed. i. 249 ; H. f. (h T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 151 (D. helvetica, Schleich; lap- 
 px)nica, Wahl. ; androsacea, Willd.). 
 
 Western Himalaya in Kumaon and Kunawur, and in Western Tibet, ajt. 13- 
 18,000 ft. — Distrib. Alpine and arctic Europe, Asia and America. 
 
 Leaves ^-4 in.', margins ciliate. Scapes 1-4 in., erect. Flowers few, capitate. Petals 
 short, scarcely clawed, white. Pods scarcely racemed ; style very short. — " We have 
 adopted the first name given to this species, which is that of the Carpathian plant, 
 with which the Indian quite agrees," T. Anderson. 
 
 Var. 1. homotricha; leaves stiffly ciliate glabrous or with simple hairs. D. Wah- 
 lenbergii, var. homotricha, Led. Fl. Ross, i, 150; H.f. & T. I.e. 151 (D. lactea, Kar. 
 & Kir.; D. altaica, Bunge). — S. Piti and Nubra. 
 
 Var. 2. heterotriclia ; leaves with mixed simple and stellate hairs. D. Wahlen- 
 bergii, var. heterotricha, Led. Fl. Ross. i. 150. D. pygmea, Turc. 
 
 8. X>. tibetica, ZT. /. <& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 152; loosely tufted, 
 woolly or hoary, leaves spathulate-lanceolate entire, scapes slender usually 
 leafless, pods hoary shorter than their slender pedicels. 
 
 Inner ranges^ of the Sikkim Himalaya, and Western Tibet; alt. 13-15,000 ft. 
 
 Leaves \-l in., nearly all radical, entire. Scapes 3-B in., 'numerous, erect, flexuous, 
 rarely with 1 or 2 sessile lanceolate leaves. Flowers subcapitate, rather large, white ; 
 pedicels 4-1 in., slender, erect. Pods ^-^ in. long, racemed, elliptic or linear-lanceolate, 
 flat or twisted; style very variable in length. — Both the following varieties ^especially 
 the first) are too closely allied to D. lasiojphylla and D. incana. 
 
144 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Drdba. 
 
 Var. 1. TJiomsonii, H. f, & T. I.e.; leaves laxly or scarcely tufted hoary and tomen- 
 tose, pods linear-lanceolate not twisted, style nhort and stout. — Zanskar, Thomson. 
 
 Vak. 2. sikkimemis, H. f. & T. I.e.; leaves closely tufted except in very luxuriant 
 young shoots very woolly, pods long linear-lanceolate or short aud elliptic twisted, style 
 long slender.— Sikkim at 16,000 ft., IT./. 
 
 Sect. IV. Z>rabella. Annual. Scapes or stems leafy. Flov^rs white or 
 yellow. 
 
 9. D. xnuralis, Linn. ; stellately hispid, stems filiform flexuous, cauline 
 leaves broad t'llii»tic-ovate coarsely toothed, petals white minute, fruiting 
 racemes very long, pods horizontal oblong or elliptic on long capillary 
 spreading pedicels. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 302. 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5600 ft. — Distkib. Asia Minor, N. Africa, Europe. 
 
 An erect, simple or branched very slender annual ; rather rough with short simple or 
 forked hairs, liadical leaves i-^ in., few, rosulate, obovate, entire or toothed ; cauline 
 few sessile, auricled or not. Flowers in a short raceme. Pttals small, narrow, entire, 
 white. Pods racemed, ^-^ in., quite flat, glabrous or scaberulous, stigma subsessile. 
 Seeds about 12. 
 
 10. X>. ellipsoidea, //. /. d: T. in Jow-n. Linn. Soc v. 153 ; stems 
 flexuous prostrate short interlaced, leaves toothed, flowers minute white, 
 fruiting racemes very short, flowers minute white, pods elliptic-oblong very 
 flat obtuse, stigma sessile. 
 
 vSiKKiM-HiMALAYA, a Weed in radish fields, alt. 15-16,000 ft., IT.f. 
 
 Much depressed, hairy, leafy. Leaves |-1 in., linear- oblong. Pods racemed, J-^in. 
 eoualling or shorter than their curved pedicels, flat, stellately pubescent; style 0. — 
 Differs remarkably from L>. muralis in its habit, flexuous branches, and short fruiting 
 racemes. 
 
 11. D. linearis, Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xvii. 167; Fl. Orient. 
 i. 203 ; stem simple erect, leaves entire or nearly so, flowers rather large 
 white, fruiting racemes long, pods erect linear. D. stenocarpa, JI. /. <k T. 
 J own. Linn. Soc. v. 153. 
 
 Das Kirim in temperate Western Tibet, Winterbottom. — Distrib. Mountains of 
 Persia, 
 
 Stem 6-12 in., scaberulous. Padical leaves rosulate, linear-oblong or obovate, thickly 
 clothed with lorked hairs; cauline 2-5. Petals narrow-euneate, entire. Poc?« .^-"1 in., 
 in long racemes, on slender smooth ascending pedicels, tapering at both ends, straight ; 
 stigma ses.sile. Seeds many. — Near D. muralis but stiffer, with much longer and 
 racemed pods. 
 
 12. D. gracillima, //./ <C' T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 153; hoary, scapes 
 or stems many weak ascending, leaves subeutire, flowers small yellow, ra- 
 cemes long, pods linear erect. 
 
 Temperate Sikkim-Himalaya, alt. 10-13,000 ft., II. f. 
 
 St* ms 4-12 in. liadieal leaves spreadinjr, spathulate ; cauline few, near the base, 
 sessile, ovate. Scopes numerous, filifonn, flexuous. Pods 4 in., erect, tapering at both 
 ends, compressed, straight or curved, glabrous ; racemes occupying almost the whole 
 length of the stem; pedicels ^ in., filiform, spreading or deflexed, the lowest often twice 
 the length of the uppermost. JSeeds numerous. 
 
 14. EROPKZZiA, DC. 
 
 Small, delicate annuals, with entire spreading root-leaves. Flowers usually 
 small, white, on slender scapes. Sepals erect, equal at the base. Petals 
 
EropUla.] X. CRUCIFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) ■ 145 
 
 obovate, 2-fid. Filaments free, without appendages. Pod oblong, elliptic or 
 linear, compressed ; valves membranous, flat or convex ; septum mem- 
 branous ; style very short. Seeds numerous, small, 2-seriate ; funicles fili- 
 form.— DisTeib. Species 5, European and W. Asiatic. 
 
 1. £. vulg-aris, DC. Draba vema, Linn. ; H. f. c& T. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. V. 149; Griff. Itin. Notes 239, No. 312; 243, Ko. 364; 366, No. 7 ; 
 Ic. iv. t. 611. 
 
 Kashmir ; alt. 5-6000 ft. — Distrib. Affghanistan, W. Asia, Europe. 
 
 Leaves all radical, spreading on the ground, ovate or oblong, entire or toothed, 
 slightly hairy. Scapes 2-Q m., erect, glabrous. Pods I in., elliptic-oblong, at least 
 twice as long as broad ; pedicels long, slender. 
 
 15. C0CRZ.Z:ARIA, Linn. 
 
 Glabrous, often fleshy annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire or pinnati- 
 partite. Flowers white, 'rarely yellow or violet, corymbose or in short 
 racemes, rarely solitary on scapes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. 
 Petals entire, shortly clawed. Filaments without appendages or teeth. 
 Pods globose ovoid or oblong; valves convex, turgid. Seeds 2-seriate, 
 rarely 1-seriate, compressed, without wings ; cotyledons accumbent. — Dis- 
 Teib. Species about 25, natives of N. temp, and Asiatic regions. 
 
 1. Ci flava, Ham. Hort. Bengh. 48 ; annual, diffusely branched, 
 leaves pinnatifid, pods globose. Hook. Ic. PL t. 805; H. f. c& T. Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. v. 154. C. alyssoides, DC. Prodr. i. 172. Camelina Caisir, 
 Wall. Cat. 4802. Alyssum cochlearioides. Roth. 
 
 Upper and lower Ganoetic valleys, from the Soane westwards to Kurnaul. 
 
 Erect, rarely depressed, glabrous, 1 ft. high. Boot long, fusiform. Leaves 4-5 in., 
 lanceolate, lobes sinuate-toothed, lower petioled, upper smaller shorter petioled, auricled. 
 Pacemes numerous, long. Flmvers small, }elIow ; pedicels yg- in. Pods smooth, about 
 I in. diam; ; valves membranous, hemispheric, nerveless ; style short, thick. Seeds small, 
 numerous, rugose, funicles filiform. 
 
 2. C. himalaica, H. /. dh T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 154 ; small, pro- 
 strate, leaves long-petioled oblong-ovate, flowers racemed, pod elliptic. 
 
 Inner ranges of the Sikkim-Himalaya, alt. 14-16,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 A dwarf, prostrate, smooth, leafy, fleshy annual ?, with long fusiform slender root. 
 Leaves coarsely toothed. Flowers small, in short bracteate racemes. Sepals persistent, 
 slightly hairy. Pods slightly compressed, bejit, pubescent, 3-5-seeded ; valves thin, 
 membranous; septum disappearing in the ripe fruit. — Cochlearia altaica (Taphro- 
 spermum altaicum, 0. A. M.) very closely resembles this, but differs in the shape of the 
 leaves, pods and seeds. 
 
 3. C, scapiflora, //. /. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 154 ; stemless, 
 rootstock very stout, leaves linear-lanceolate or spathulate, scapes 1-flowered, 
 pods obliquely elliptic-oblong. 
 
 By melting snow rills in the SiKKiM-HiMALArA, H.f., and in Western Tibet, alt. 
 15-18,000 ft., Strach. & Winterh. 
 
 Small, stemless, fleshy, glabrous. Leaves tapering at the base into a long Hat petiole, 
 entire or with a few broad sharp teeth. Scapes 1^ in., flaccid. Fhicers large, pal© 
 lilac. Sepals glabrous, persistent. Pods ^-\ in. long ; sei>tutn evanescent. 
 
 VOL. I. L 
 
146 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Malcolmia, 
 
 16. ZHAZ^COZiBIZA, Br. 
 
 Branching herbs, pubescence simple or" stellate. Ze^^fs entire or pi nna- 
 tifid. Flowers in lax racemes, white or purple. Sepals erect, equal at the 
 base. Petals linear, claws long. Filaments free, the longer ones sometimes 
 united in pairs. Pods elongate, cylindric, hard and dehiscing late ; peduncle 
 usually thickened ; valves 3-nerved ; septum membranous ; stigma erect, 
 lobes often united into an acute cone or decurrent along tlie short style. 
 Seeds 2-seriate towards the base of the pod, oblong, not margined; coty- 
 ledons incumbent. — Disteib. About 20 species, natives of W. Asia and the 
 Mediterranean region. 
 
 * Pods linear, elongate. 
 
 1. m. afrlcana, Br. Ilort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 121 ; leaves oblong or lanceo- 
 late toothed, flowers many small, r)ods straight hispid. DC. Prodr. i. 187 ; 
 Griffith liin. Notes 2G0, No. 513 ; //./ <0 T. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. v. 155. 
 
 Fields and waste places in the Punjab, Kashmhi, and Western Tibet, ascending to 
 13,000 ft. — DisTKiB. W. Asia, Mediterranean region. 
 
 Stont, leafy annual, 14 ft., rough with stifl" forked and simple hairs; branches many, 
 long, somewhat spreading. Leaves 1-6 in., petiok-d. Floictrs near the ends of the 
 branches. Petals obovate-oblong, twice as long as the persi.stent sepals, purple or white. 
 Fruiting racemes 6-12 in. long; pedicels yV in., erect, as thick as the j)ods. Path 2-3 
 in. long, narrow, linear, very rough with short forked hairs ; valves prolonged into a 
 short blunt horn ; stigma short, conical, tapering to «n acute point. — Varies greatly in 
 pill escence, size of the leaves, and length and thickness of the pedicels and pods. — A 
 very rough variety with small flowers has been distinguished as j3 stenopetala (J/. 
 Stcnopttula, Led.). 
 
 2. M. torulosa, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 226 ; leaves narrow toothed or pin- 
 natifid, flowers small, pods torulose usually contorted or recurved. Sisym- 
 brium torulosura, Desf. Fl. Atlant. ii. 84, t. 159 ; Z>6'. Prodr. i. 195; H. /. 
 <C* T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163. S. contortuplicatum, 1)C. Prudr. I.e. 
 
 PusjAB at Peshawur, Stewart. — Distkib. Westwards to Syria and N. .\frica. 
 
 A depressed annual or biennial, with numerous spreading and ascending stifiF, stout 
 bra.iches, 6 or 8 in. long, hispid with still spreading simple or lork'ed hair.*-', rarely 
 glabrous. Badical leaves 1-3 in., numcj-ous, oblong lanceolate, acute ; cauline shorter 
 and less divided. Floxcers small, subessile, white. Pods %-\ in., on very short 
 thick })(dicels, slender straight recurved or contorted, hispid. Seeds small, oblong, 
 l-seriate. 
 
 ** Pods long or sIioH, subulate. 
 
 3. XM[. strig-osa, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 224; glabrous or hispid below only, 
 leaves oblong-lanceolate repand or toothed, pods 1-1 1 in. long. — //. /. d' T. 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 155. 
 
 In the Salt range, Pusjab, Flemivg, Steuart. — Dsitrib. Affghanistan, Beluchistan, 
 Persia. 
 
 A stout, depressed or suberect, rough, hairy annual, soon dividing into a few rather 
 rigid short branches 6-18 in. long, lladical leaves long petioled, spreading on the 
 ground, 2 or 3 in. long ; cauline shorter and more entire. Flowers numerous, sc^-sile, 
 in racemes 2-12 in. Petals about 4 in., sometimes twisted, linear, dark purple, rarely 
 white, limb bn ader than the claw. Pads terete, stout, thickened at the base, tapering 
 to an obtuse point, spreading horizontally or decurved ; base with short branching and 
 long spreading forked hairs, less hispid above. *See</« .8ub-2-beriate at the base of thfr 
 pod, l-seriate above. > 
 
Lepidostcmon.] x. cruciferjs. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 147 
 
 17. X.EPZDOSTSI«ON, H. f. & T. 
 
 A dwarf annual with a short leafy unbranched stem. Leaves narrow, 
 toothed. Flowers yellow, on long subcorymbose pedicels. Sepals short, 
 equal at the base. Stamens free ; all the filaments with a broad appendage. 
 Pods linear, elongate ; valves smooth ; septum entire, hyaline, nerveless ; 
 style very short ; stigma 2-lobed. Seeds 1-seriate, oblong, flattened, with 
 long slender free cords. 
 
 1. Zi. pedunculosus, H.f. <& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 156. 
 
 Interior valleys of Sikkim-Himalaya ; rocky hills at Tungu, alt. 14-15,000 ft., JET.f. 
 
 A dwarf alpine of peculiar habit, 1 in. high, covered with soft forked hairs. Stem 
 erect, simple. Leaves numerous, ^1^ in., oblong or narrowly spathulate, deeply sharply 
 toothed. Flowers numerous, rather large, subcorymbose ; pedicels | in., erect, downy. 
 Sepals erect, pilose, persistent. Petals short, obovate, emarginate. Pods 4 in. (imma- 
 ture), erect, downy. Seeds unknown ; affinity hence doubtful. 
 
 18. SZSiri^BRZUM, Linn. 
 
 Glabrous hairy or tomentose or hoary annual or biennial herbs. L^eaves 
 entire lobed pinnatifid or pinnatisect. Flowers yellow, white or rose- coloured, 
 in lax often bracteate racemes. Sejmls sh6rt or elongate, equal at the base 
 or the lateral saccate. Petals with long claws. Stamens free ; filaments all 
 simple. Pods elongate, cylindric or compressed, rarely tetragonal ; valves 
 convex, usually 3-uerved ; septum membranous ; style short, stigma 2- 
 lobed. Seeds generally numerous, 1-seriate, not margined, with filiform 
 cords ; cotyledons incumbent.— Distrib. Species about 80, chiefly European 
 and Oriental, with a few representatives in most temperate regions. 
 
 Sect. I. Arabidopsis. Flowers white purple or rose-coloured. Valves 
 of the terete or compressed pod 1 -nerved or nerveless. — (Distinguishable 
 from Arabis by the cotyledons only.) 
 
 * Caidine leaves sagittate. 
 
 1. S. mollissimum, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 140; glabrous or 
 hairy, leaves entire or toothed, flowers capitate ebracteate, pods slender erect 
 glabrous, pedicels slender. Led. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 262 ; H. /. i: T. Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. v. 160. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 8-10,000 ft. (to 16,000 in 
 Sikkimj ; Western Tibet, alt. 12-14,000 ft.— Distrib. Altai. 
 
 An erect rigid biennial or perennial. Stem solitary or 2 or 3 from the same root, 
 9-18 in. high, simple or with a few stiff erect branches. Leaves 1-2 in., shortly 
 petioled, obovate-lanceolate ; cauline oblong, sagittate and stem-clasping, gradually 
 smaller upwards. Flowers purple or white, racemes elongate and lax in the fruit ; 
 pedicels slender, erect, \-\in. Pods 1-1^ in., straight; valves convex; veins indis- 
 tinct; style short, slender. 
 
 Var. glaherrima ; all parts glabrous or only the lower part of the stem puberulous. 
 — Western Himalaya, Tkomson ; Western Tibet, Falconer. 
 
 2. S. himalaicum, H.f. (& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 160 ; hispidly to- 
 mentose, leaves sinuate-toothed, flowers racemed bracteate, pods erect or 
 spreading glabrous or pubescent. 
 
 Tf'mperate Himalaya, from -Sikkim to Kashmir, alt, 10-12,000 ft. 
 Like the preceding, but smaller and more branched, hirsute, with mixed simple and 
 
 L2 
 
148 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Sisijmbrium, 
 
 stellate hairs. Stem erect,witli numerous spreading or ascending stiff branches. Leaves 
 radical petioled ; upper clasping the stem by sagittate auricles. Pods 1-1 4 in. long, 
 terete, straight ; pedicels bhort, stout, spreading, each with a leaf like bract at the 
 base ; valves striate. 
 
 3. S. foliosuxn, H.f. dc T. inJourn. Linn. Soc. v. 160; sparsely hairy, 
 leaves broad toothed, flowers racemed glabrous, pods slender curved gla- 
 brous much compressed. 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft., Tlwmson. 
 
 A suberect or decumbent herbaceous much branched annual, with scattered stellate 
 hairs, 6-12 in. high. Ead'cal leaves soon withering, Hp;ilhulate, shortly petioled; 
 cauline larger, 1-24 in. long, oblong or obovate, s^essile, auricles l<mg sagittate stem- 
 clasping, coarsely toothed. Flowers small, wh'te, ebracteate ; pedicels ^ in., slender, 
 usually spreading, sometimes ascending or deflexed. Pods \\ in., in long racemes, 
 spreadinij, ascending or the lower sonmlimes deflexed, iitraight or curved, with a few 
 stellate hairs; valves thin, flattened, striate. 
 
 ** Leaves not jnnnatijld ; cauline not sagittate or aurided. 
 
 4. S. Thalianuxn, Gmj d: Monn. in Gaud. Fl. Helv. iv. 348 ; annual, 
 radical leaves ])etioled obovate, flowers small white, pedicels very slender, 
 ]^>ds very slender suberect curved glabrous compressed, seeds flattened. 
 %)iss. FL Orie^d. i. 214; //. /. d' T. J own. Linn. Soc. v. 163. Arabis 
 Tlialiana, Linn. ; DC. Frodr. i. 144. Conringia Tlialiaua, Reich. Ic. Fl. 
 Germ. t. 60, f . 4380. 
 
 Temi)erate Himalaya, from Bhotan to Kashmir, and in We.stern Tibet; alt. 
 5-10,000 ft. ; Pu^J.^B, Stewart. — Distrib. Ten)p. Europe, Asia, Abyssinia. 
 
 An erect, shnder, branching animal, 4-12 iu. high, slightly hispid with scattered 
 spreading simple and forked hairs or glabrous. Leaves 1-3 in., toothed or entire; 
 cauline few, remote^ sessile, generally entire. Racemes slender, elongate ; pedicels j-4 
 in., spreading or ascending. Pods ^-1 in., narrow linear ; valves convex, 1-nerved; style 
 short. Seeds very small ; cotyledons obliquely incumbent. 
 
 5. S. lasiocarpum, H.f. d; T. Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 163 ; annual, slen- 
 der, erect, hispidly pubescent, leaves small radical obovate-s]»atliiilate, 
 flowers lilac, pedicels short, pods short straight terete densely pubescent. 
 Griffith Itin. Notes 188, No. 901. 
 
 Lam moo and Panya in Bhotan, Onffith. 
 
 Simple, rigid, 9-18 in., hoary and pubescent with mixed simple and stellate hairs. 
 Radical leaves ^-1 in. long, few, shortly petioled, sinuate-toothed ; cauline small, sessile, 
 obovate. Flowers small. Sepals pubescent. Pods '\ in., erect; valves convex ; nerve- 
 less ; style very short. 
 
 6. S. rupestre, Fdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 33 ; annual, erect, 
 branched, hoary, radical leaves linear-oblong sinuate-toothed, cauline 
 sometimes cordate at the base, flowers shortly ])edicelled, pods subterete 
 glabrous or puberulous, slender. //. /. d: T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 162. 
 
 In the dry region of the Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 8-14,000 
 ft. ; Piti in Western Tibet, Thomson. 
 
 Stem 6-18 in., stiff, branching ; hairs forked, with a few scattered stellate ones. 
 Radical leai'es shortly petioled, A-1 in. ; cauline sessile, entire or toothed. Racemes 
 few-flowered, bracteate throughout or towards the base ; fruiting elongate, lax. Flowers 
 ipurple or white. Sepals pubescent; pedicels i^^r-^ in., puberulous. Pods H-l^ in., 
 erect or spreading, compressed ; valves with an indistinct central vein. 
 
 7. S. humile, C. A, Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. ill. 137; perennial, dwarf, 
 hoary, difi'use, radical leaves oblong, cauline petioled, flowers shortly pedi- 
 
Sisymh'ium.] x. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 149 
 
 celled, i)ods straight terete torulose. Led. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 147 ; H.f. d: T, 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Winterhottom, &c.— Distrib. Siberia, Arctic 
 America. 
 
 Subhispid, hoary, rarely green and glabrous ; rootstock woody. Stem 1-8 in., decum- 
 bent or ascending, simple or branched. Radical leaves ^-1 in., many, crowded, sinuate- 
 toothed or entire, cauliue small. Flowers rather large, white or lilac. Sepals eiect, 
 pubescent or glabrous. Fods ^-1 in., pedicels short erect, cylindric, subhispid qr gla- 
 brous, veins obscure. 
 
 8. S. strictum, H. f. dc T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 161 ; annual, erect, 
 lioary, leaves linear-oblong sinuate-toothed, cauline sessile, pedicels slender, 
 pods erect curved terete slender glabrous, valves costate. Malcolmia stricta, 
 Camb. in J acq. Voy. Bot. i. 16, t. 16. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 5-10,000 ft. ; Western Tibet, 
 Winterhottom, Falconer. 
 
 Stem 9-24 in., simple, rigid, scabrous. Leaves 1-1 ^ in. long, lower narrowed into a 
 short petiole ; upper gradually diminishing along the stem, lanceolate, subentire. 
 Racemes at first dense, elongate and lax in fruit. Flowers small, pale rose coloured. 
 Pods 1-2 in., narrow, on spreading or ascending pubescent pedicels 4 in. long ; valves 
 convex, with a prominent midrib ; style short, tapering. 
 
 9. S. axillare, H. f. (k T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 162 ; small, annual, 
 depressed, leafy, radical leaves spathulate lobed or toothed, cauline sessile, 
 flowers white bracteate, pedicels slender, pods very slender, valves nerveless." 
 Griff. Itin. Notes 195, No. 1074. 
 
 Bhotan, on dry rocks and walls near Chupcha, alt. 8000 ft., Griffith; inner ranges of 
 Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft., //./. 
 
 Diffuse, slender, subhispid or tomentose, branches prostrate leafy 3-6 in. long. 
 Radical leaves shortly petioled, 1 in, long; cauline ^-f in., ovate or oblong, rounded at 
 the tip. Flowers rather large, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves ; fruiting raceme 
 elongate, lax, leafy; pedicels long, spreading or ascending. Pods \ in., terete, straight 
 or slightly curved; subtorulose. — The Bhotan and Sikkim specimens agree in all essen- 
 tial characters, but the Bhotan ones from growing in a dry situation are smaller and 
 much more hoary than those from Sikkim, where they were found in shady forests. 
 
 *** J^ eaves pinnatifid. 
 
 10. S. Wallichii, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158; perennial, his- 
 pidly hairy, radical leaves small runcinately lyrate, flowers small white or 
 rose, pedicels fihform, pods long very slender. Arabis? leptocarpa, Wall. 
 Cat. 4784. 
 
 Dry parts of the Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft. 
 Salt Range, Stewart. — Distrib. Affghanistan, 
 
 Stem 6-18 in., rough and hairy, especially near the base, with simple forked and 
 stellate hairs, slender, erect. Radical leaves 1-3 in,, crowded, spreading; terminal lobe 
 large; cauline few, short, \-\\ in., linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid or almost entire. 
 Flowers white, changing to pale pink. Fruiting racemes long, lax, terminal; pedicels 
 \-\ in., spreading. Pods 2-34 i"-i spreading, curved, glabrous ; valves slightly convex, 
 midrib distinct; style short, tapering. 
 
 11. S. minutiflorum, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158; annual, 
 
 Euberulous, very slender, much branched, leaves pinnately cut into few 
 near segments, flowers minute white, pods small narrow, stigma sessile. 
 Boiss. FL Orient, i. 215 ; Griff. Itin. Notes 314, No. 1166. 
 
 Zaxskar in Western Tibet, Thomson. — Distrib. Affghanistan. 
 ^ Stem 2-9 in., stellately hairy, tortuous. Leaves small, thick. Flowers in numerous 
 
160 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Sisymbrium. 
 
 terminal racemes. Fruiting racevies elongate ; pedicels J-^ in., spreading, as thick as 
 the rachis. FoJs J in., straight or slightly curved ; septum flat. /Seeds very minute, 
 oblong. — Bois^ier remarks that the f-etds are unknown. There are numerous ripe pods 
 in Griffith's specimens in the Kew Herbarium. 'Jhe cotyledons are incumbent. 
 
 Sect. II. Sophia. Flowers yellow, pediceUed, ebracteate. Fod cylindric 
 or flat, valves 1-nerved. 
 
 12. S. Sophia, Linn. ; annual, erect, glabrous or pubescent, leaves 2-3- 
 pinnatisect, flowers small, pedicels slender. Heich. Ic, Fl. Gtiin. t. 74, 
 f. 4405; //./. cC- T. Journ. Linn. 8oc. v. 158. 
 
 Punjab, in the Salt Range and near Peshawur; Temperate Himalaya from Kumaon 
 to Kashmir, alt. 6-7000 ft. ; Wkstern Tibet, alt. 9-14,000 ft.— Dlstkib. West\fard, 
 throughout Europe, N. Africa, and in N. and S. America. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., finely tomentose and s mewhat hoary, or quite glabrous; branches 
 ascending. Leaves numerous ; segments short, linear. Flouers bmall, pale yl»llow. 
 Fruiting racemes elongate, lax, terminal. Fvds 1 in., spre;iding. or erect, on long 
 pedicels, cylindric, subcompressed, curved, subtorulose ; midrib prumiueui ; stigma bub- 
 
 Sect. III. Iiio. Flowers yellow, pedicelled, ebracteate. Pods terete, 
 valves 3-nerved. 
 
 * Frniting pedicels as broad as the jx>d. 
 
 13. S. Columziae, Jac^/. PL Avdr. t. 323 ; annual, tall, glabrous orliairv 
 below, leaves ruiicinate, se})als erect, valves of pod not ribbed. Boiss. Fl, 
 Orient, i. 216 ; U.J. d' T. Joiwn. Linn. iioc. v. 157. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Klmaon to Kashmir, ascending to 10,000 ft. ; Western 
 Tibet, alt. 9-14,000 ft. — Distrib. Westward to Central Eumpe. 
 
 Stem 3 ft., stout, erect, slightly branching, subhispid with spreading or reflexed hairs, 
 or all glabrous and glaucous. Leaves sonu'timcs almost entire ; segments toothed, 
 from ovate-oblong to lanceolate ; terminal lobe angled ; of the upper leaves hastate. 
 Flowers large, pale yellow. Sepals glalirous. Fads 3-4 in., spnailing, very slender, 
 curved, glabrous or slightly hairy ; pedicel very stout ; valves striated, indistinctly cos- 
 tate ; style thickened, ^ in. 
 
 14. S. pannonicum, Jacq. Coll. i. 70; Jc. Fl. liar. t. 123; annual, 
 hispid or glabrate, leaves runcinate-piniiatisect, sepals spreading, valves of 
 pod 3-nerved. LoUs. Fl. Orient. \. 217; II. f. cC* T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 257. 
 )S. septulatum, LC. St/st. ii. 471. 
 
 Hassora in Western Tibet, alt. 8000 ft., Wiuterlottom. 
 
 Stem rather tall, stitl", often simple lelow, and divaricately branched above. Leaf- 
 segments nearly all similar, toothed or entire, of the lower leaves broad, of the ujiper, 
 narrow-linear. Flowers large, pale yellow. Sepals glabroux, caducous. Fods 3-4 in., 
 en short very thick pedicels, spreading or ascending, straight, obtuse, glabrous; septum 
 membranous, projecting transversely between the seeds ; style subelongate, thick ; 
 Btigma large, 2-lobed. 
 
 ** Fruiting pedicels slender. 
 
 15. S. Zrio, Li7in. ; annual or biennial, tall, glabrous, leaves runcinate- 
 pinnatifid, segments not auiicled, flowers minute, pedicels slender, yuuii^^ 
 pods overtopping: tlie raceme, old 3-nerved, stigma sesbile. Fnch. Ic. Fl. 
 Germ. t. 75. f. 4408; II. f. (6 T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 157. S. irioides, Loiss,- 
 Fl. Orient, i. 218 ; //./. <& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 157. 
 
 In Northern India, from Eajpootaka to the Pukjab. — Distkib. Aflgbanistan and 
 westwards to the Canary Islands. 
 
Sisprthrlum.] X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 151 
 
 Stem 1-3 ft,, tall, quite glabrous, or slightly pubescent near the base. Leavns petioled, 
 pinnatifid or pinnatipartite ; segments remote, spreading, toothed ; terminal large, 
 sometimes hastate. Flowers yellow. Fods 1^-2 in., slender, erect, glabrous, sub- 
 torulose; valves 3-nerved ; pedicels J-4 in., ascending, curved. — aS^. irloides is said to 
 be distinguished by a character that seems to be of no value. All the large flowered 
 specimens resembling and previously referred to S. Trio are referable to S. Lceselii. 
 Boissier's authentic specimen of JS. irloides is unique ; its flowers are described as 
 double the size of those of S. Irio and the style as elongated. 
 
 16. S. XiOBaelii, Linn. ; annual, tall, erect, reversedly hairy orglabrate, 
 leaves sublyrately runcinate not auricled, tiowers large, pedicels slender, 
 pods slender terete not overtopping the raceme, style slender. Reich. Ic. Ft. 
 Germ.t. 76, f. 4409; II. f. ^ T. Jo'urn. Linn. ISoc. v. 156; Leptocarpaea 
 Loeselii, DC— Griffith Bin. Notes 314, No. 1155. 
 
 Kashmir ; alt. 5-7000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Westward to Central Europe. 
 
 Stem branched and lower leaves hispid with simple recurved hairs or snbglabrous. 
 Leaves petioled ; segments toothed ; terminal lobe very large, hastate. Ftoioers nu- 
 merous, pale yellow, not surmounted by the young pods. Pods 1-1 4 in., slightly curved, 
 glabrous ; pedicels ascending, slender, | the length of the pod; style short, with a dis- 
 tinct 2-lobed stigma. 
 
 Sect. IV. Alliaria. Flowers white. Pods terete, valves 1-3-nerved. 
 Seeds smooth or striate. 
 
 17. S. Alliaria, Scop. Gam. ed. 2, n. 825 ; annual or biennial, tall, 
 erect, leaves long-petioled, lower reniforni, upper cordate toothed, pods 
 long, pedicel stout, valves 3-nerved. H. f. (^ T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163. 
 Alliaria officinalis, Andrzj. ; Reich. Ic. FL Germ. t. 60, f. 379. Erysimum 
 Alliaria, Linn. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 6-10,000 ft. — Distrib. Westward 
 to VV. Europe 
 
 Stem 1-3 ft., subsimple, glabrous or sparsely hairy below. Radical leaves 2-3 in. 
 diam., coarsely repand-crenate or toothed, upper ovate-cordate or deltoid, crenate. 
 Flowers small, in lax racemes. Pods 1^-2 in. ; pedicels stout, \ in., spreading, sub- 
 cylindric, straight, glabrous; valves 3-nerved, midrib stout. /Seec^s oblong, striate and 
 dotted. 
 
 18. S. deltoideum, //. /. <k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163; tall, erect, 
 glabrous, leaves all petioled deltoid-ovate toothed, pods short, pedicels 
 long, valves i -nerved. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, in the inner ranges, alt. 11-13,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 Stem 2-4 ft., stout. Leaves thin, 1^-3 in. diam., scarcely longer than broad. 
 Flowers large, white. Pods 4-f in-, pedicels as long, not thickened, spreading, srout, 
 suberect, straight or curved, taper pointed ; valves convex strongly keeled ; septum flat. 
 Seeds large, linear-oblong, smooth. — Perhaps an Eutrema, 
 
 19. EUTR&IVIA, Br. 
 
 Glabrous leafy biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves^ entire or serrate, 
 radical on long petioles, upper shortly petioled or sessile. Flowers white, 
 corymbose. Sepals short, erect, equal at the base. Filaments entire. Pods 
 linear or linear-oblong, terete ; valves convex ; style short. Seeds few, 
 wingless, irregularly 1-2-seriate. — Distrib. Species 5, arctic Siberian and 
 Himalayan. — Nearly allied to the section Alliaria oi Sisymbrium. 
 
152 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Eninma* 
 
 1. E. hlmalalcum, //./ <i;T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 164 ; stout, erect, 
 leafy, cauline leaves sessile amplexicaul, flowers subcapitate in branched 
 racemes. 
 
 Temperate Sikkim-Himalata, alt. 10-13,000 ft., R.f. 
 
 A stout erect simple herb 18 in. high, glabrous or with a few hairs along the margins 
 of the leaves and petioles. Leaves all entire, obtuse, radical long-petioled, oblonLT or 
 ovate-cordate ; cauline ovate or ovate-lanceolate, auricled at the base. Floicers rather 
 large, white, in numerous terminal heads. Pods racemed, suberect ; pedicels long, 
 spreading. The ripe fruit is unknown. — Differs from the Soongariau tSmelowskia {Lu- 
 trema) integrifoUa only by its auiicled cauline leaves. 
 
 2. S. primulaBfolium, //./ dc T. Journ. Linn.' Soc. v. 164 ; stemless, 
 glabrous, radical leaves tufted, scapes leafy bracteate. Sisymbrium pri- 
 mulsefolium, 2/ioms. in IIoo/c. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. t. 10, and v. p. 18. 
 
 Wet rocks in the Western Himalaya, from Kdmaon to ILashmir, alt. 6-11,000 ft., 
 Thomson, &c. 
 
 Hoot thick, fusiform, perennial. Leaves 3-6 in., all radical, petioled, broadly Bpathu- 
 late, toothed above the middle. Scapes numerous, usually shorter than the leaves, with 
 a few leaf-like obovate bracts ^-1 in. long. Flowers small, white. Sepals oblong, 
 persistent. Pods 4-1 in., cylindric, curved, Bmooth; valves membranous, finely reti- 
 culate. 
 
 20. CONB.ZNGZA, Heichb. 
 
 Glabrous, glaucous annuals. Lowers entire, oblong, auricled. Flowers 
 racemose, ebracteate, ytUow. SejxUs elongate, equal at the base or the 
 lateral saccate. Fttals elongate, clawed. Fods elongated, linear, compressed 
 or acutely tetragonal ; valves 1-3-nerved, smooth ortorulose ; stigma simple 
 or 2-iobed. Seeds 1 -seriate, oblong, not margined ; cotyledons incumbent. 
 — DiSTRiB. Species 6, natives of W. Asia and S. Europe. 
 
 Closely allied to Sisyvihrium, but with the habit of Brassica. 
 
 1. C. planisiliqua, Fisdi. d: Mey. Ind. Sem. Ilort. Petrop. 32 ; radical 
 leaves petioled linear-oblong, cauline sessile. Erysimum plauisiliquum, 
 Ledth. Sisymbrium plauisiliquum, //./. d: T. Journ. Linn. iSoc. v. 159. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 10-14,000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Westwards to Persia, Soon- 
 garia and Armenia. 
 
 Stem erect, 1-2 ft. Radical leaves few, 2-3 in., obtuse, cauline with cordate am- 
 plexicaul bases. Flowers small ; pedicels ^ in., slender. Pods 3-4 in., racemed, erect, 
 narrow linear ; valves slightly convex over the seeds. 
 
 21. SRVSIBtUM, Linn. 
 
 Herbs, often hoary with appressed forked hairs. Leaves linear or oHong, 
 entire or sinuate-toothed, base never auricled. Flowers yellow, rarely 
 purple, ebracteate. Sepals erect, equal or the lateral gibbous at the base. 
 Petals clawed. Filaments simple. Pods elongate, narrow, compressed 
 tetragonal or terete ; valves linear, 1-nerved, frequently keeled ; septum 
 membranous or corky ; style short or long ; stigma 2-lobed, capitate. Seeds 
 numerous, 1 -seriate, oblong, not margined ; cotyledons incumbent. — Dis- 
 trib. Species about 80, chiefly European and Oriental. 
 
 A genus in many respects intermediate between Cheiranthus and Sisymbrium. The 
 Indian species are very difficult of discrimination, and liitie confidence can be placed in 
 their diagnoses. They stand here as described 12 years ago in the Linnean Journal, 
 since which time no materials of importance lor their elucidation have been received. 
 
Erysirmm.] X. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 153 
 
 * Diffusely branched ; ripe pods liorizontal, subsessile ; pedicel short, stout. 
 
 1. Zj. repandum, Linn. ; annual, hoary with close appressed hairs, 
 leaves lanceolate repand-toothed or entire, flowers i— | in. diam., pods 
 rigid or flexuous obtusely 4-angled glabrous narrowed up to the truncate 
 stigma, pedicel ^V in. as thick as the pod. R. f. dh T. in Journ. Linn, 
 JSoc. V. 164 ; Loiss. Fl. Orient, i. 189. 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft., Winterhottom. — Distrib. Persia, and westward to E. Europe 
 and N. Africa, 
 
 Very variable in stature and robustness ; hairs 2-partite with a few trifid ones inter- 
 mixed. Boissier separates from it the Affghan plant {E, Griffithii, Boiss.) which was 
 united with it in the Linnean Journal, on account of its entire leaves subcompressed 
 pod and bracteate flowers. 
 
 ** Dwarf species ; rootstoch much divided giving off sliort criywded branches. 
 Pods 1-2 in. long. 
 
 2. E. deflexuxn, H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165; hoary, hairs all 
 appressed, leaves linear-spathulate slightly toothed, flowering branches 
 short, fruiting deflexed with ascending tips, pedicels equalling the sepals, 
 pods very narrow linear erect tetragonal acute, style distinct. 
 
 Alpine Sikkim-Himalaya, at Kongra Lama, alt. 13-15,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 Easily distinguished by its small size and curious ramification, the stems that spring 
 from the many-crowned rootstock are 3-5 in. long, and bent down to the earth when 
 fruiting, their pod-bearing tips alone ascending. Leaves 4-f in. Flowers ^ in. diam., 
 ochreous-jellow. Pods J 4-2 by x^nV i^- broad, narrov\'ed into a style yV in- long; 
 replum with slender flat sides, septum rather spongy. Seeds with very short funicles. 
 
 3. E. funiculosuxn, H. f. d- T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165 ; hairs 
 appressed, leaves linear-lanceolate, fruiting branches erect, pods fascicled 
 erect linear-lanceolate compressed, valves obscurely keeled, style short 
 conic, funicle very slender. 
 
 Alpine Sikkim Himalaya; at Kongra Lama, alt. 14-16,000 ft., B.. f 
 Boot stout; stock dividing into a tuft of short branches and very short flowering 
 shoots. Hairs chiefly fixed by the middle, a few are 3-furcate. Flowers as in E. de- 
 flexum. Pods % in. long, broader and flatter and less keeled than in any other Indian 
 species, sparsely appressed hairy. Seeds with capillary strict funicles as long as them- 
 selves ; valves membranous, acute above, narrowed to a tapering base. 
 
 "*** Stem stout, erect, leafy ; pods |-3 m. long. 
 
 4. E. hieraciifolium, Linn. ; stout or slender, green, hairs chiefly 
 2-forked appressed, leaves oblong sinuate-toothed upper ssesile, flowers 
 i-| in. diam., pedicels equalling the sepals, pods strict erect narrow tetra- 
 gonal scaberulous, pedicel stout upcurved, midrib strong, style short 
 stout or slender. E. strictum, Gcertn. ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 
 166. E. robustum, Dmi Prodr. 292 ; Wall. Cat. 4789. E. patens and E. gra- 
 cile, Gay Monog. Erys. 9. - 
 
 Central and Western Himalaya, from Njpal, WulUch, to Marri, Fleming, alt. 
 6-13,000 ft. — Djstkib. Siberia, Caucasus, N. Europe. 
 
 Very variable, easily recognised amongst its Indian congeners by slender strict quite 
 erect naiTow linear pods, with upcurved stout pedicels, and distinct rather slender style. 
 
 5. E. pachycarpuxn, H.f. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 167; stem 
 very robust tall angled branched, hairs scattered chiefly appressed 3-forked, 
 leaves petioled lanceolate sinuate-toothed, pedicels much shorter than the 
 sepals, flowers ^ iiL diam., pods spreading very stout 4-angled on very thick 
 
154 X. CRUCiFER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Enjsmum, 
 
 pedicels \ in. long minutely hairy, .style thick ^ in., valves obtuse at both 
 ends. 
 
 Temperate Sikkim-Himalaya, in Lacken valley and Tungu, alt. 10 13,000 ft., H.f. 
 
 A remarkably stout, tall, erect plant, 1^-2 it. high. IStem many-aiigkd ; branches 
 long. Flowers bright orange yellow. Fttals obovate-spathulate. Pods 2-2^ by ^ in. ; 
 valves obtusely keeled, obtuse at both ends ; stigma large, capitate. tSi'tds small. 
 
 6. E. odoratum, Fhr. ? ; H.f. db T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.x. 166 : erect, 
 robust, stem angular above, leaves oblong or lanceolate sinuate-toothed or 
 entire scaberulous, flowers {-^ in. diam , pedicels half as long as the sepals. 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft., and Western Tibet, alt. 9000 ft. 
 
 Hairs on the upper leaf-surface appressed, fixed by the middle, with a few 3-furcate 
 ones, on the lower both are mixed. 
 
 7. E. altaicum, C. A. Meyer? ; H.f. & T. inJoimi. Linn. Snc. v. 167 ; 
 hoary with appressed hairs, stem short erect rather slender angled, leaves 
 petioled linear-lanceolate entire or sinuate-toothed, radical sometimes run- 
 cinate, flowers large \-\ in. diam., pedicels shorter than the sepals. 
 
 Western Himalaya and Western Tibet, alt. 7-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. — Djb- 
 TEiB. Caucasus ; Altai Mts. 
 
 **** Stem sub-simjfle^ stout, erect, leafy ; pods 3-6 in. long. 
 
 8. E. Thomsoni, //./. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165; tall, hoary with 
 3-furcate hairs, leaves small linear-lanceolate obscurely toothed, pods 3-4 in. 
 long very narrow ^\j in. broad, pedicel stout {,-1 in., valves acute hoary 
 acutely keeled, style ^V in- 
 Western Himalaya; Kunawur, alt. 8-12,000 ft., Thomson. 
 
 Best distijiguished by its hoary branched habit, small narrow acute leaves, very long 
 pods with acutely keeh-d valves and ratber long style. — There is a smaller plant col- 
 lected by \\'intc;rboti()Ui in Kashmir on the Baramula pass, but it is not in fruit. 
 
 9. E. long-lsiliquum, //./. <6 T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 166 ; annual?, 
 tall, erect, robust, glabrous, stum acutely angled, leaves lanceolate obscurely 
 tpothed, pedicels shorter than the sepals, }iods spreading very slender 
 linear, valves with a prominent keel, style yV)~» hi. stout, pedicels ^ in. 
 
 Temperate Sikkim-HimalaYa ; at Tungu, alt. 10-13,000 ft., H.f. 
 The tall robust habit, acutely angled stem, size of flower, and very long spreading 
 pods (4-5 by -j^ in.) best distinguish this, 
 
 22. CHXIZSTOI.EA, Camb. 
 
 A glabrous or pubescent perennial. Leaves fleshy, entire or coarsely 
 toothed. Flowers in a loose ebracteate raceme. ISepah short, suberect, 
 lateral slightly saccate at the base. Fods linear-lanceolate, flattened ; valves 
 smooth 1-nerved ; stigma minute, conical subentire. iSe.eds few, sub-2- 
 seriate, flattened, not margined ; cotyledons linear, incumbent. 
 
 1. C crassifolia,' Caw66'ss. in Jacq. Voy.Bot. 17, 1. 17; leaves cuneate- 
 obovate acute or obtuse, deeply toothed towards the tip. H.f. d: T. in 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 167. 
 
 Western Tibet; alt. 12-15,000 ft., abundant. 
 
 A much branched, fragile herb; haird simple; brandies decumbent, sf out. Floioers 
 4 in. diam. ; pedicels ^ in., hairy, erect. Petals \ in., yellow with a purple base. Puds 
 subBecund, 1-1 4 in., erect, flat, acute at both ends, nearly glabrous. 
 
Bra^a.] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 155 
 
 23. BRAVA, Sternb. & Hoppe. 
 
 Small tufted glabrous or hoary pubescent alpine perennials, with a 
 branching rootstock. Leaves mostly radical, spathulate or linear, entire or 
 toothed. Flowers purple, rose-coloured or white, solitary or racemed Sepals 
 short, equal at the base. Fods ovate-oblong or linear, subcylindric or 
 slightly compressed ; valves convex, 1 -nerved ; style vshort or long; stigma 
 capitate. Seeds usually 2-seriate, few or many ovoid, wingless.— Disteib. 
 Species 12, alpine and arctic regions, the Andes. 
 
 1. B. uniflora, ff.f. (^ T. inJourn. Linn. Soc. v. 168 ; glabrous, leaves 
 linear-spatliuiate quite entire, scapes short 1-flowered. 
 
 Western Tibet; in Nubra, alt. 15-17,000 ft., Thomson. 
 
 Footstock stout, fleshy, covered with bleached petioles, branched at the crown. 
 Leaves fleshy, 1 in., petioled. Scapes many, about equalling the leaves. Pods linear, 
 |-4 in. ; septum 2.nerved ; style short. Seeds sub-2-beriate, many. 
 
 2. B. alpina, Sternb. <& Hoppe; glabrous, leaves linear-spathulate, 
 flowers capitate. Deless. Ic. Select, ii. t. 22. B. Thomsoni, E. /. in Journ. 
 Linn. Sac. v. 168. B.? oxycarpa, H.f. ch T. I.e. 169. 
 
 Western Tibet; Piti, alt. 12-13,000 ft., Thomson, Stewart.— Di9,TYim. European 
 high Alps, arctic regions. 
 
 Foot stout, fleshy, long. Leaves tufted, J in. Scapes 1-4 in., leafless, or with few 
 linear leaves. Flowers white or purjde; pedicels | in. Pods erect, linear- or elliptic- 
 lanceolate, straight or curved, acute, glabrous ; style usually long and slender. Seeds 
 1-2-seriate. — Very variable ; the arctic American B. glabella is hardly distinct from it, 
 
 3. B. rosea, Bunge ; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 194 ; glabrous or puberulous, 
 leaves narrowly linear-oblong, flowers crowded corymbose, pods very short 
 elliptic. H. f. (^ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 169. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kunawur, alt. 15-17,000 ft. ; Western Tibet, 
 alt. 14-18,0p0 ft.— Distrib. Altai Mts. and arctic Siberia. 
 
 Very similar to B. alpina, differing chiefly in the shorter pods (f-^- in.), and leafless 
 scapes. Seeds 8-12 in each capsule ; style variable in length. 
 
 4. B. tibetica, Ff. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 168 ; hoary or pu- 
 bescent, leaves narrow-linear, scapes naked, flowers subcapitate, petals 
 minute, pods short ovate. 
 
 Western Tibet; alt. 13-18,000 ft., T/iomsow. 
 
 Bather rigid, purplish ; rootstock much divided, clothed with withered petioles. 
 Leaves erect, rarely spathulate, wiih 2-3 spreading teeth about the midrib ; margins 
 ciliate, rarely glabrous. Scapes many, 2-2 4 in., rarely 1 -leafed. Sepals hairy, edges 
 membranous, white or red. Petals hardly exceeding the sepals. Pods ^ in. long, rarely 
 glabrous ; style loug. 
 
 24. BRASSICA, Linn. 
 
 Glabrous or hispid herbs j rootstock often woody. Leaves large, pinna- 
 tifid or lyrate, rarely entire. Flowers yellow, in long racemes. Sepals erect 
 or spreading, lateral usually saccate at the base. Fods elongate, terete or 
 angular, often with an indehiscent 1-seeded beak; valves convex, 1-3- 
 nerved, lateral nerves flexuose ; style beaked or ensif orm ; stigma truncate 
 or 2-lobed. Seeds 1-seriate, globose or subcompressed ; cotyledons incum- 
 bent, concave or conduplicate, the radicle within the longitudinal fold. — 
 DiaTKiB. Species about aU ; temperate regions of the Old World. 
 
156 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Brassica. 
 
 Sect. T. Melanosinapis. Sejxih spreading. Fods terete or sub-tetra- 
 gonal ; valves l-nerved ; beak slender, seedless. 
 
 1. B. nigra, Koch.; kaves all petioled, lower lyrate, upper entire, 
 racemes naked, pods slender appressed to the stem. //./. d: T. in Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. v. 170. Sinapis nigra, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 4790. S. erysimoides, 
 Eoxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 123. 
 
 Cultivated in various parts of India and Tibet. 
 
 Annual, 2-3 ft. high, rigid, branched, more or less hispid. Leaves 4-8 in. Flowers 
 ^-4 in. diam., bright yellow. Fod |-4 in., subulate; valves keeled, torulose; cells 
 3-5-seeded. Seeds oblong. 
 
 Sect. II. Subrasslca. Sep<ds erect. Fod sessile, cylindric, beak or 
 conical, seedless ; valves l-nerved. (The Cabbage, JJ. oleracm, with its cul- 
 tivated forms, the Kale, Sprouts, Cole-rabi, Cauliflower and Broccoli, belong 
 to this section.) 
 
 2. 8. caxnpestrls, Linn. ; erect, lower leaves lyrate, upper auricled, 
 flowers corymboj^e, beak of i)od flat seedless. //. /. <(• 1\ in Jo urn. Linn. 
 S^>c. V. 169. Sinapis brassicata, Linn. S. dichotoma and S. glauca, Uoxb. 
 Fl. Ind. iil 117, 118. 
 
 Cultivated throughout India. 
 
 An erect, stout, simple or branched, glabrous or slightly hispid annual, 1-3 fl. high. 
 Leaves large, petioled, nn^reorless pinnatifid, upper oblong or lanceolate. Fhirers 
 large, blight yellow; pedicels ^ i"-. ascending or spreading. Pods 1^-3 in., glabrous, 
 Buberect ; valves with midrib and flexuous veins. ISeedn .small, smooth, pale or dark. 
 
 SuBSP. 1. CAMPE.STRIS proper; root tuberous, leaves glaucous, radical hispid, upper 
 glabrous, petals persistent till the corymb lengthens. — [Sicedidi Turuip.) 
 
 SuB.sp. 2. Napus, Linn, (sp.); root fusiform, leaves all glabrous and glaucous, petals 
 deciduous before the corymb lengthens. — {Rape, Cole seed; yields Colza and C'arcel 
 oils. ) 
 
 SuBSP. 3. Rapa, Linn, (sp.) ; root tuberous, lower leaves hispid not glaucous, upper 
 glaucous and glabrous, petals deciduous. — Common Turnip. 
 
 3. B. trilooularis, //./ d; T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170 ; lower leaves 
 lyrate, cauline amplexicaul auricled, ])ods pendulous long-beaked 3-4- 
 valved. Sinapis trilocularis, Foxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 121. 
 
 Subtropical Central and Eastern Himalaya, Nipal, Sikkim, and Assam, in fields. 
 Habit of subspecies Napus, but easily distinguished by the remarkable pendulous 3-4- 
 celled and valved pods, which are 24-3 in. long; beak l| in., terete, tapering; valves 
 with midrib and flexuous lateral nerves. Seeds large, globose, smooth, pale or dark. 
 
 4. B. quadrivalvis, //./. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 169; habit and 
 foliage of B. tn/ocidai'is, but pods smaller, on erect short pedicels, 4-celled 
 and valved, beak flattened. 
 
 Cultivated fields of B. campestris in the Upper Gangetic valley ; banks of the 
 Soane, H. f. 
 
 Sect. III. Brasslcoides. Sepah erect. Fods sessile, beak seed-bearing ; 
 
 valves 1-ribbed. 
 
 5. B. Tournefortil, Govxtn ; Boiss. FL Orient, i. 393 ; radical leaves 
 hispid runcinate-lyrate, cauline linear-lanceolate, flowers small pale yellow, 
 pods short compressed. B. Stocksii, //./. <£: T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 171. 
 
 Upper Gangetic valley ; between Ajmir and DaWii, Jacijuemont; Western Tujet 
 (cultivated), Fdgeworth. — Distkib. Westward to Spain and Italy. 
 
Brassica.] x. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 157 
 
 An erect, branchings hispid or glabrate annual, 1 ft. high. Radical leaves petioled, 
 crowded, spreading on the ground, hispid with white hairs, lobes toothed ; cauline 
 entire or pinnatifid. JPods 2| in , erect, glabrous, linear, compressed, torulose, beak 
 f in., linear, slightly tapering, obtuse usually i-seeded; valves with a central and many 
 distant lateral nerves. /Seeds compressed. 
 
 Sect. IV. Ceratosinapls. /S'ejoa^s spreading. Poc?^ slightly compressed, 
 beak subulate usually seedless ; valves 3-ribbed. /Seeds globose. 
 
 6. B.juncea, H.f. tO T.inJomm. Linn. Soc.v. 170; erect, glabrous, 
 lower leaves oblong-lanceolate toothed, upper narrow, pods suberect 
 torulose, beak long seedless, lateral nerves flexuous. B. Willdenovii, Boiss. 
 in A71/1. Sc. Nat. 1842, p. 88. Sinapis juncea, Linn. S. integrifolia, Wilid. 
 S. ramosa, rugosa and cuneifolia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 119-124. 
 
 Cultivated in India abundantly. — Distrib. Cult, westward to Egypt, and eastward 
 to China. 
 
 A tall erect branching annual, rarely glaucous, or hispid (at the base only). Lower 
 leaves petioled, sometimes pinnatifid ; upper lanceolaite, toothed, subsessile. Flowers 
 bright yellow. Pods \ in., linear-lanceolate ; beak straight, flattened, \ in. ; valves 
 with a prominent midrib. Seeds small, dark, rugose. 
 
 7. B. alba, H.f. & T. ; stem hispid, leaves pubescent pinnatisect, upper 
 segments confluent, pods spreading cyliu'lric torulose usually hirsute, beak 
 very long, deciirrent along the pod, 1-seeded. B. foliosa, Willd. Enum. 688. 
 Sinapis alba, Linn. 
 
 Cultivated fields at Ferozepore in the Punjab, Thomson. — Distkib. From Syria 
 eastward throughout S. Europe. 
 
 An erect annual, 2 it. iiigh, with a hispid or rarely glabrous stem. Leaves all 
 petioled, usually hispid : segments ovate, toothed or lobulate. Pods about 1 in., 
 stalked, spreading, cylindric, beak half as long, flattened, sometimes 2-seeded, valves 
 and base of the beak white with hispid hairs. 
 
 Sinapis patens, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii, 124, is a Nasturtium. 
 
 25. DZFX.OTAXZS, DC. 
 
 Annual or biennial branching herbs. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers yellow 
 pink or purple. Sejyals spreading, equal at the base. Fods elongate, linear, 
 compressed, sometimes with a short 1-seeded beak ; valves 1-nerved ; style 
 generally slender, stigma simple or 2-lobed. /Steeds numerous, 2-seriate, 
 oblong, compressed or subglobose ; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate. — 
 Distrib. Species about 20 ; Mediterranean region, Western and Central 
 Asia. 
 
 A genus closely allied to Brassica but differing in the flat pods, biseriate seeds, often 
 pilose sepals, and pink or purple flowers. 
 
 1. D. G-riffithli, ff.f. d^ T. ; hispid, lower leaves oblong entire or cut, 
 flowers large, pedicels slender, style very stout. Brassica Griffitlii, H.f. 
 t& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 171 ; Boiss. Flor. Orient, i. 389. 
 
 Kalebag in the Salt Range of the Punjab, Fleming. — Distrib. Affghanistan and 
 Bel uchi Stan. 
 
 A robust, erect, branched annual, 1-3 ft. high, hispid especially below with spreading 
 or reflexed hairs. Lower leaves shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolaie, entire 
 to )t lied lobed or pinnatifid ; upper lanceolate, less divided Floujers purplish or white. 
 Pods 14-2| in., erect, linear. — Dr. Anderson was disposed to unite with this B. acriSj 
 Boiss, {Hesjjeris, Forsk) a native of Arabia and N. Afi-ica, 
 
158 X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Ervca. 
 
 26. BRUCA, Tourn. 
 
 Erect branching herbs. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. Flowers lilac or yellow, 
 veined with violet. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals veined. 
 Fods closely adpressed to the axis, ovoid-oblong, turgid, terete, with a large 
 ensiform seedless beak : valves concave, 3-nerved ; stigma simple. Seeds 
 numerous, 2-seriate, globose ; cotyledons conduplicate. — Distrib. Three 
 species, inhabiting the Mediterranean region and W. Asia. 
 
 1. E. sativa, Lamk. ; Brassica Enica, Linn. ; 11. f. d: T. in Joum. Linn. 
 Soc. V. 171. B. erucoides, R(/xb. Fl. Ind. iii. 117. 
 
 Cultivated places in Northern and Central India, the Western Himalaya, 
 ascending to 10,000 ft., and Upper Ganoetic valley. — Distrib. Westward to the 
 Canaries. 
 
 Glaucous, glabrous, or subhispid. Stem 6-18 in. Leaves variously toothed, rarely 
 obovate and bubentire. Floicers large, pale yellow or white and veined. Sepals often 
 tipped with hairs. Pods 1 in., erect and aj>pre8se(l to the stem ; pedicels shorter than 
 the calyx ; valves twice as long as the broad flattened peak. 
 
 27. MORZCANDIA, DC. 
 
 Smooth glaucous branched herbs, often woody at the base. Zca yes entire, 
 amplexicaul or pinnatisect. Flowers rather large, violet, purple or rose 
 coloured. Sepcds erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals clawed, l^ods 
 linear, elongate, subtetragonal, with or without a flattened 1-seeded beak * 
 valves flat or bluntly keeled, 1- rarely many-nerved ; stigmatic lobes united 
 into a short cone. Seeds numerous, 1-2-seriate, compressed, sometimes 
 winged ; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate. — Distkib. Species about 6, 
 natives of the Mediterranean region, Arabia, and W. Asia. 
 
 1. im. arvensis, DC. Sjfst. Veg. il 626 ; glaucous, glabrous, leaves ob- 
 ovate obtuse, cauline amplexicaul, pods tetragonal compressed, beak broad, 
 seeds small sub- 2-seriate. U.f. d' T. ind our n. Limi. Soc. v. 172. Brassica 
 arvensis, Li7in. 
 
 Steirart. — Distrib. Westward to Persia, Arabia, and the Mediterranean region. 
 
 Bi<unial, or a perennial of short duration. Leavei2-A in., shortly pi^tioled ; cauline 
 ovate or oblong with large clasping auricles. Flowerx fi-w, large, shcirtly pedicelled, in 
 a loose long raceme. Petals rose-coloured, much larger than tiie senals. Pods 2-3 in., 
 very narrow, erect ; valves neiTed ; style usually broad, thickened, acute, sometimes 
 long and slender. 
 
 2. Tit. tortuosa, H. f. d: T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 172 ; leaves elliptic- 
 oblong, cauline-sessile, pods long subcylindric, beak cylindric acute, seeds 
 1-seriate. Uouepia tortuosa, Cambess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 18, t. 18. 
 
 Salt plains of the Punjab, West of the Indus, Jacqiumont; Salt Kanoe, Fleming. 
 
 An erect, glaucous, glabious, branched perennial, 1-2 ft. high. Stem below thick, 
 woody, sometimes tortuose. Leaves thick, mucronate, entire or crenate-sinuate ; lower 
 3-5 in., narrowed into a broad petiole. Flowers iew, large, erect, scattered along a 
 lengthened raceme. Petals pale rose coloured, nearly twice the length of the sepals. 
 Pcds erect, or ascending, linear ; beak ^ in. ; style short, conical, pointed ; valves 
 coiiVLi., striated^ margins prominent. Seeds eubglobose. 
 
Capsella.] 'X. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 159 
 
 28. CAFSi:Z<X.A, Moench. 
 
 Small branched annuals or perennials. Radical leaves entire or pinnatifid. 
 Flowers small, white, racetned. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals 
 short. Pods obcordate cuneate ovate or oblong, laterally compressed ; valves 
 convex or boat-shaped ; septum very narrow ; style short. Seeds numerous, 
 2 -seriate, narrowly margined: cotyledons incumbent. — Distiiib. Species 6, 
 natives of N. and S. temperate regions. 
 
 1. C. Bursa-pastoris, Mcench. ; leaves rosulate pinnatifid, pod trian- 
 gular or obcordate. H.f. <h T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 172. 
 
 Cultivated places throngliout temperate India. — Distrib. A weed of cultivation. 
 
 Glabrous or hairy; hairs branched ; root long, tapering. Stems 6-16 in., branched. 
 Leaves pinnatifid, rarely entire, upper lobe triangular, cauline auricled. Flonier^ jJ^- in. 
 diam. Pods \-\ in.; pedicels slender; style short; valves smooth. Seeds many, 
 oblong, punctate. 
 
 2. C. elliptica, C. A. M. ; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 199 ; annual, glabrous, stems 
 slender decumbent and ascending, leaves entire or pinnatifid, pods ovate- 
 oblong truncate. H.f. <k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 172. C. procumbens, 
 Boiss. FL Orient, i. 340. Hutchinsia procumbens, Desv. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 14,000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Westward to S. Europe and 
 N. Africa (Australia, Chili, perhaps introduced). 
 
 Stems 2-10 in., numerous from the root, filiform, flexuous. Leaves ^-4 in., radical 
 petioled, oblong or spathulate; upper more sessile, linear, entire. Flowers minute, 
 white, in elongating racemes with a capillary rachis. Pods distant, ^-i in., on long 
 capillary horizontal pedicels ; valves boat-shaped. Seeds many, minute. 
 
 3. C. Thomsoni, H. f. in Journ." Linn. Soc. v. 173 ; perennial, hoary- 
 tomentose, branches spreading from the root, leaves pinnatisect, racemes 
 leafy, pod broadly oblong truncate at both ends. Hutchinsia tibetica, 
 Thomson in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 900. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Nubra, Strachey ; Ladak, Thomson. 
 
 Boot long, fusiform, almost woody, crowned by a short stock that emits many pro- 
 strate leafy branches, 2-6 in. Ions:, with ascending tips. Leaves sessile, ^-1 in., linear- 
 oblong, segments lanceolate. Flouiers crowded, white, in the axils of leafy bracts, 
 very shortly pedicelled. Pods \ in. ; valves much compressed, obscurely keeled 
 v«ined ; stigma sessile, minute. Seeds numerous, very small, funicles slender. — A very 
 cu-ious plant, quite unlike its congeners, with the habit of the Siberian Hutchinsia 
 calycina, Desv. [SmeloivsJcia, C. A. M.) 
 
 29. IiBPZpiVXMC, Linn. 
 
 Diffuse or erect herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, with entire or divided leaves. 
 Flowers small, white, ebracteate. Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals 
 sometimes 2-4 or 0. Stamens 6, 4, or 0. Pods ovate or oblong, rarely glo- 
 bose, usually orbicular, laterally much compressed, tip notched or entire; 
 valves boat-shaped, keeled or winged ; septum narrow, membranous. Seeds 
 solitary in each cell ; cotyledons incumbent (in the Indian species). — Dis- 
 trib. Species about 80, chiefly European and Asiatic. 
 
 Sect. I. Cardaxnuxn. Pods ovate or oblong, notched at the tip ; valves 
 winged. Cotyledons divided. 
 
 1. Xi. sativum, Linn.; erect, radical leaves 2-pinnatisect, pods orbi- 
 cular-ovate, wings narrow. H.f. d: T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 174 (Cress.). 
 
160 X. CRUciPER^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Lepidium, 
 
 Cultivated throughout India and Western Tibet. 
 
 A glabrous erect annual, 6-18 in. Radical leaves long petioled; cauline sessile and 
 usually entire. lowers small, in long racemes, white. Pods deeply notched ; pedicels 
 appressed. — Not known in an indigenous state. 
 
 Sect. II. Cardaria. Fod transTersely oblong, tip entire ; valves turgid, 
 wingless. 
 
 2. Zi. Draba, Linn. ; pubescent, perennial, leaves oblong repand-toothed, 
 upper with sagittate auricles. H.f. d' T. in Jo)irn. Linn. iSoc. v. 173. L. 
 chalepense, Sckrenk., and L. repens, Boiss. Fl, Orient, i. 366. 
 
 A weed of cultivation in the Punjab. — Distrib. Westwards to Europe. 
 
 Stem \-^ h., simple or branched, flexuons. Leaves 1-3 in., lower petioled, uppe^ 
 with converging auricles. Flowern \ in. diam., white, in branched panicles. Pod ^in,, 
 deltoid with rounded angles, constricted between the papillose valves, of which one is 
 often imperfect ; pedicels spreading. 
 
 Sect. III. Z.epidiaBtruzn. Pod elliptic or ovoid, tip entire ; valves 
 wingless. * 
 
 3. Zi. latifoliuxn, lAnn. ; perennial, erect, glaucous, radical leaves 
 oblong serrate, pod ovoid. //./. d: T. in Jo urn. Linn. iSoc. v. 173. 
 
 Western Tibet, abundant. — Distrib. Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. Africa. 
 
 An erect, branched, glabrous or pubescent leafy almost shrubby herb, 2-4 ft. high. 
 Radical leaves petioled, often 1 ft. long, upper caulioe sessile. Flowers minute, in short 
 densely panicled bracteate corymbs. Pods j\ in. long ; pediceN short, spreading. 
 
 Var. platycakpa, lydutv. ; leaves rather llrsliy entire indis^tinctly S-nerved, jpowers 
 capitate, pods orbicular slightly pilose and reticulate. — Western Tibet, T/tomson, 
 Stewart. 
 
 Sect. IV. Dlleptlum. Pod elliptic or oblong, tip retuse or notched ; 
 valves keeled, wingless or winged at the tip only. 
 
 4. If. ruderale, Litin. ; annual, lower leaves 2-pinnatififl, flowers 
 apetalous diandrous, pod orbicular-oblong flat, valves winged at the tip. 
 H. f. d' T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 175. 
 
 Temperate Western Tiuet, alt. 7-13,000 ft., Tliomson. — Distrib. Westward through- 
 out Europe. 
 
 Erect or diffuse, glabrous or pubescent. Radical leaves much divided, segments 
 narrow ; upper cauline linear, entire. Flowers minute in terminal and lateral corymbs. 
 Pod iV-tV ^^- 5 pedicels slender, diverging. Seeds compressed. 
 
 5. Ii. capltatum, //./ ct* T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 175 ; prostrate, 
 leafy, leaves sessile upper cuneate-oblong toothed beyond the middle, 
 flowers tetrandrous in dense lateral capitate racemes, pods of L. ruderale. 
 L. incisum, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 33 {not of Ledebour). 
 
 Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kumaon, alt. 10-14,000 ft. 
 
 Glabrous or glandular-puliescent; branches 6-8 in., stout. Radical leaves shortly 
 petioled, pinnatisect, lobes oblong. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. Pods j^ in., 
 ovate, scarcely notched; valves keeled, wingless, sessile. Seeds mucilaginous when 
 moistened. 
 
 30. DIZ.OPKZA, Thorns. 
 
 A dwarf glabrous fleshy herb, with a long tapering perennial root, and 
 tufted spathulate or linear, entire or toothed leaves. Flowers numerous, small, 
 
Dilophia.] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 161 
 
 white, in densely contracted sessile subumbellate racemes. Sepals spreading, 
 equal at the base. Petals spathulate, retuse or toothed. Fods very short com- 
 pressed on the 4 sides, obcordate ; valves gibbous at the back, with a double 
 crest ; septum broad, perforated, ultimately disappearing. Seeds 2-4 in each 
 ceil, oblong, wingless, on short thickened cords ; cotyledons incumbent. 
 
 1. D. salsa, Thorns, in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v. 20, and iv. t. 12. 
 
 In salt marshes in Western Tibet, alt. 12-17,000 ft. — Distrib. Tian Schan Mts. 
 
 Boot simple, giving off many stout spreading stems at the crown. Sepals and petals 
 persisting round the opening pods. — Specimens collected by Baron Von CEsten Sacken 
 in the Tian Schan Mts., and which Ruprecht described in his Sertum Tianshanicum, 
 differ but slightly from the Tibetan ones. 
 
 31. zkiegacaiiph:a, DC. 
 
 Large coarse perennial herbs, with a thick fleshy root and stem, and large 
 2-pinnate radical leaves. Flowers racemed or subcorymbose, white or violet 
 coloured. Sepals equal at the base. Fetals oblong, entire. Stamens 6 or 
 numerous, filaments not toothed. Fods large, in dehiscent, didymous, much 
 flattened at the sides ; valves orbicular, broadly winged ; stigma sessile. 
 Seed^ large, solitary in each cell, much flattened, not winged ; cotyledons 
 accumbent.— Distrib. Species 3, 2 Tibetan the 3rd Caspian. 
 
 1. m. polyandra, Benth. in Hook. Keu) Journ. Bot. 1855, vii. 356, t. 7 ; 
 leaf-segments incised and toothed, stamens 10-16, pods notched at the 
 base and tip, lobes orbicular. H.f. (k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176. 
 
 Western Tibet; Balti, alt. 10,500 ft., Winterhottom ; Western Himalaya, Kumaon, 
 alt. 12,000 ft., Strachey & Winterhottom. 
 
 Boot as thick as the wrist, annulate. Stem 1-2 ft., as thick as the thumb below, 
 branched above. Leaves 1-2 ft., a span broad ; segments very irregular, sharply 
 toothed. Inflorescence much branched, puberulous ; flowers cup-shaped, ^ in. diam., 
 shorter than their pedicels, white. Filaments stout, fleshy, subulate. Ouarv broadly 
 obovate, base dilated into the fleshy lobed disk ; stigma, entire, discoid. Pod 2 in. 
 diam., wings nearly as broad as the cell, veined. Seed reniform. 
 
 2. m. bifida, Benth. I.e. 357 ; leaf-segments lanceolate quite entire, sta- 
 mens 7-11, pods deeply 2-lobed, lobes obovate at length conniving. H. f. 
 & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176. 
 
 Western Tibet, in the Kishengunga valley, alt. 7400 ft., Winterhottom ; Deotsu, 
 Falconer. 
 
 Stem 12-18 in., stout, stiff, erect. Leaves with decurrent quite entire lobes 2-3 in. 
 long, acute or acuminate. Pods 2-3 in. diam., lobes broadly obliquely obovate, sinus 
 acute, wings equalling | of the cell. — Specimens very imperfect, Winterhottom has 
 only a fragment of a leaf well preserved, with quite entire lobes. Falconer's specimens 
 are so shrivelled as to be hardly recognizable, and the accompanying leaves, which are 
 toothed, probably belong to M. polyandra. 
 
 32. TKX.ASPX, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire or toothed, the upper often 
 clasping the stem. Flowers racemose, small, white or rarely pale rose. 
 Sepals small, erect, equal at the base. Fetals equal or nearly so. Fod orbi- 
 cular obovate or obcordate, laterally compressed, emarginate, rarely acute ; 
 valves boat-shaped, keeled or broadly winged ; septum narrow, membranous, 
 
 VOL. I. M 
 
162 X. CRUCiFEB^. (Hook. f. & T, Anderson) [77daspi. 
 
 style short or long. Seeds 2 or more in each cell, not winged ; radicle ac- 
 cumbent.— DiSTRiB. Species about 30 ; natives of temperate Europe, Asia, 
 and N. America. 
 
 1. T. arvense, Li?in. ; glabrous, annual, erect, leaves obovate oblong 
 toothed, cauline amplexicaul, seeds concentrically grooved. II. f. tC- T. 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176. 
 
 A weed of cultivation throughout the temperate and subalpine Himalaya, ascending 
 to 14,000 ft. — DiSTRiB. Europe, Asia, always in cuhivated places. 
 
 Stem 6-18 in., simple or corjmboseiy branched above. Badiccd leaves petioled, soon 
 withering ; cauline 4 in., ohlong-lanceolate, usually acute, toothed ; auricles sagittate. 
 Fruiting racemes elongate ; pedicels spreading, a little longer than the pods, Fods 
 J-| in. diam., much flattened, obovate-orbicular, wing very broad, notch deep, some- 
 times closed by the overlapping of the sides. Seeds 5-6 in each cell. 
 
 2. T. cardiocarpum, //./. d- T. in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. 176 ; annual, 
 erect, leaves broadly oblong obscurely toothed, cauline amplexicaul, seeds 
 smooth. \ 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5-9000 ft. — Distrib. Affghanistan. 
 
 Slightly glaucous, less robust than the preceding. Stem 6-12 in. ; branches basal, 
 few, tall, erect. Radical leaves shortly petioled ; cauline ovate or oblong, obtuse, erect ; 
 auricles broadly sagittate, liacemes elongat<» in fruit, pedicels ^ in. Pods broadly 
 notched at the tip ; valves with a membranous reticulated wing, broad and rounded 
 above. Seeds 4-5 in each cell. — Closely allied to and perhaps identical with T. Kots- 
 chyanum, Boiss., of which we have not seen ripe fruit. 
 
 3. T. alpestre, Linn. ; perennial, tufted, radical leaves oblong or 
 ovate, cauline cordate amplexicaul, pods triangular-obcordate, seeds smooth. 
 II. f. <k T. in Journ. Liniu Soc. v. 177. T. cochleariforme, DC. T. Grif- 
 fithianum, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 329. 
 
 Temperate and subalpine Himalaya and Western Tibet from Sikkim to Kashmir, 
 alt. 7-12,000 ft. ; in Sikkim only on the dry inner ranges. — Distrib. Alps of Europe, 
 Asia, America ; Andes. 
 
 r Stem 4-12 in., stifl", glabrous, somewhat glaucous, erect, simple or branched. Root- 
 stock often branching and shortly creeping near the surface. Radical haves sometimes 
 almost orbicular, cauline oblong or obovate-cordate ; auricles small obtuse. Flowers 
 rather large, white ; racemes much.elongated in fruit; pedicels horizontal, as long as 
 the pods. Pods \ in., narrowed at the base, broadly not deeply notched; valves com- 
 pressed, wing very narrow below, broader above ; angles rounded, outer often sharp ; 
 style equalling the notch or projecting beyond it. Seeds 4-8 in each cell. 
 
 4. T, coclilearioides, U.f. dh T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 177: small, 
 decumbent, glabrous, perennial, radical leaves very long-petioled orbicular- 
 ovate, scape flexuous decumbent fuw-fiowered, pods oblong curved and 
 twisted. 
 
 Interior of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 14-16,000 ft., II. f. 
 
 Somewhat fleshy. Rootstock slender, branching above and sparingly covered with 
 the fibrous bases of the old petioles. /Steins few, 1-2 in., weak, decumbent or suberect, 
 with 2 or 3 small sessile ovate leaves. Radical leaves loosely tufted, petioles 
 slender, slightly toothed, under side pitted. Flowers small, white, in a short corymb. 
 Pods ^ in., racemose, emarginate ; valves compressed, narrowly bordered ; style short, 
 slender. 
 
 33. ZBX:RZDZ:X.X.A, Boiss. 
 
 Glabrous herbs or small undershrubs, branching from the base. Leaves 
 alternate, rarely opposite, upper generally amplexicaul with sagittate auri- 
 
Iberidella.] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 163 
 
 cles. Flowers white or rose- coloured, racemose. Sepals erect, lateral saccate 
 at the base. Petals equal. Pod compressed, oblong-lanceolate, acute; 
 valves keeled^ without wings ; septum narrow, membranous ; style elongate. 
 Seeds 2 to 6 in each cell, not margined ; cotyledons obliquely accumbent. — 
 DiSTEiB. Species 6, W. Asiatic. 
 
 1. I. Andersoni, H.f. S T. in Jotim, Linn. Soc. v. 177 ; radical leaves 
 short petioled tufted ovate-oblong, cauline oblong obtuse. 
 
 Western Himalaya in Kumaon, Strachey and Winterhottom ; and Garwhal, T. 
 Avderson; alt. 12-16,000 ft., in wet grassy places. 
 
 Root slender, branching above. Stems erect, 2-4 in. high, simple or branched from 
 the base ; flowerless shoots weak, decumbent. Radical leaves indistinctly toothed; 
 cauline with small cordate auricles ; leaves of the barren shoots broadly ovate or almost 
 orbicular, shortly petioled. Flowers numerous, raceraed, rather large, white or pale 
 rose. Pods (immature) ^ in., much flattened, narrow, lanceolate, curved, acute ; valves 
 wingless ; style very short, acute, tapering from the base. 
 
 34. ZSATXS, Linn. 
 
 Erect, tall, branching annuals or biennials, with petioled radical leaves ; 
 cauline sessile sagittate. Flowers small, yellow, in loose terminal racemes. 
 Sepals equal at the base, spreading. Petals equal, entire. Pod fiat, oblong, 
 obovate or cuneate-oblong rarely suborbicular, 1-celled, indehiscent ; centre 
 hard, often depressed ; margin membranous foliaceous or thickened ; 
 stigma sessile. Seed solitary, pendulous, oblong; cotyledons incumbent., 
 rarely accumbent. — Distrib. Species about 30, natives of the Mediterranean 
 region, and Central and W. Asia. 
 
 1. Z. tinctoriaf Linn.; biennial, radical leaves entire or coarsely 
 toothed, cauline glabrous, pods cuneate-oblong 1-ribbed, pedicel not 
 thickened at the tip. //./. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 178. 
 
 Cultivated places ; Western Tibet, Falconer. — Distrib. Westward to Enrope and 
 the Canary Islands. 
 
 Erect, somewhat glaucous and glabrous with a few hairs near the base. Stem, 
 \\-'6 ft., stout, thick, much branched above. Radical leaves 2-5 in., petioled, from 
 obovate to oblong-lanceolate, cauline narrow, 1-2 in. long, entire, auricles acute, sagit- 
 tate. Flowers small, yellow, racemed in a many-branched panicle ; pedicels glabrous, 
 very slander, recurved after flowering. Pods \-\ in., glabrous, rounded at the tip, 
 tapering to the base ; midrib thickened at the centre of the pod. 
 
 2. I. costata, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 204; annual, glaucous, 
 radical leaves obovate or oblong entire, cauline ciliate, pods elliptic-oblong 
 3-ribbed, pedicel thickened at the tip. H. f. <h T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170. 
 
 Western Tibet; valley of the Kishengunga in Balti, alt. 4-7000 ft., Winterhottom; 
 Gores, Falconer. — Distrib. Altai mountains, Soongaria, Caspian region to the Volga. 
 
 Stem 3 ft., thick, erect, branched above. Radical leaves 3-5 in., tip rounded, base 
 tapering into a short petiole y cauline linear-oblong, 2-4 in., uppermost linear, 4 in., 
 margins and midrib beneath ciliate. Racemes loosely panicled; pedicels glabrous, 
 spreading or recurved, subsecund. Pods \ in., rounded at the tip, glabrous. 
 
 35. TAUSCKERXA, Fisch. 
 
 An erect, glabrous, branching annual. Leaves entire, stem -clasping. 
 Flowers small, yellow, in corymbose panicles. Sepals erect, equal at the 
 
 M 2 
 
164 X. CRUCiFER^, (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Tauscheria. 
 
 base. Pods short, boat-shaped, concave above, convex below, centre 
 crustaceous, indehiscent, 1-celled with a broad wing folded inwards at the 
 edges and prolonged into a short triangular style, ^eed solitary, pendulous 
 from the top of the cell, cotyledons incumbent. 
 
 1. T. lasiocarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 210. T. desertorum, Led. Ic. PL Fl. 
 Moss. t. 139 ; Moyle III. 72, t. 11 \H.f.d; T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 178. 
 
 KuNAwuR in the Western Himalaya and Western Tibet, alt. 10-13,000 ft. — Dis- 
 TRiB. Soongaria and the Caspian region. 
 
 Stem 1 ft., seldom branching from below. Leaves ovate-oblong, radical subpetioled, 
 cauline with cordate auricles. Flowers in a loose corymbose panicle ; pedicels re- 
 curved in fruit. Pods \ in., thickly glandular-hairy.— All the Tibetan and Himalayan 
 specimens have pubescent pods and hence belong to var. lasiocarpa; plants with 
 glabrous pods occur in Soongaria and the Caspian region, apparently associated with 
 var, lasiocarpa. 
 
 36. DXFTERVGZUM, Dene. 
 
 A virgate rigid much branched shrub with the habit of a Oleoma, the 
 branches ending in few-flowered racemes. Leaves small, ovate oblong, 
 entire. Flowers small, few, in bracteate racemes. Sepals short, equal at 
 the base. Stamens free ; filaments entire, 1-celIed, ellipsoid, compressed 
 laterally, indehiscent, coriaceous, surrounded by a membranous wing. 
 Seed solitary, er^ct, winged ; cotyledons concave, incumbent. 
 
 1. D. ^laucum, Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, iv. fi7 ; //./. <6 T. 
 in Journ. Linn. Sqc. v. 179 ; Hoiss^ Fl. Orient, i. 417. Isatis spartioides, 
 Fdgew. mss. 
 
 In the PiTNjAB, near Mooltan, Edgeworth. — Distrib. Arabia, N.E. Africa. 
 
 A shrub, 6-12 in., with manv divaricate branches, glabrous, or the leaves and stem 
 slightly rough with viscid glands. Leaves few, J-J in. long, shortly petioled. Flowers 
 Bubsessile ; bracts scaly, yV in- Pods J in., transversely wrinkled, drooping. 
 
 37. NESZiZA, Desv. 
 
 An annual herb, with branched pubescence. Leaves entire or sinuate- 
 toothed, cauline sagittate. Flowers small, yellow, in ebracteate panicled 
 racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the biise. Petals entire. Pods shortly 
 stalked, subglobose, slightly flattened, coriaceous, indehiscent. Se^d soli- 
 tary ; cotyledons incumbent. 
 
 1. N. paniculata, Desv. Journ. iii. 162; //./. dh T. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. V. 179 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 371. 
 
 In the Punjab-Himalaya, from Hazara to the" Beas, tStewart ; Kashmir, alt. 
 5-6000 ft. — Distrib. In fields ; Persia, Western Asia, temperate Europe. 
 
 Stem 1-1 4 ft., erect, rather slender, simple below. Radical leaves 1-2 in., oblong - 
 lanceolate, cauline shorter, auricles sagittate. Flowers numerous, on long slender 
 spreading glabrous pedicels. Pods a little broader than long, reticulated, glabrous ; 
 style slender, sharp. 
 
 38. BUCZilDIUM, Br. 
 
 Branching, leafy, rigid annuals, with forked or branched pubescence. 
 Leaves entire coarsely toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers small, white, in terminal 
 or lateral, ebracteate racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Pods 
 small, erect, subsessile, subglobose, crowned by an oblique subulate beak, 
 
Euclidium.] X. CRUCiFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 165 
 
 hard and crustaceous, indehiscent, rarely dehiscent, 2-celled ; septum thick. 
 Seeds 2, oblong, pendulous ; cotyledons accumbent or obliquely incumbent.— 
 DiSTEiB. Species 2, central and western Asia. 
 
 1. S, syriacum, R. Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 74 ; H.f. <h T. in Joum. 
 Linn. Soc. v. 179 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 386 ; Griff. Bin. Notes 272, No. 631. 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Winterbottom; Punjab, at Peshawur, Stewart. — Distrib. 
 Westwards to central Europe. 
 
 Diffuse, much branched, 4-12 in. high, with 2-3-furcate hairs op glabrous; branches 
 stout, rigid when old. Leaves 1-4 in., petioled, oblong-ianceolate. Flowers distantly 
 subspicate ; pedicels very short, much thickened in fruit. Fods ^ in, long, pitted, 
 hairy ; beak (stj'le) stout, obliquely reflexed, mueronate, 
 
 39. CRAMBS, Toura 
 
 Stout herbs or undershrubs, glabrous or pilose. Leaves pinnate lyrate or 
 toothed, Eacemes elongate, ebracteate, usually panicled. Flowers conspi- 
 cuous, white. Sejxds spreading, equal at the base ; filaments of the longer 
 stamens frequently toothed at the top. Fods indehiscent, articulate, the 
 upper joint globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded ; lower seedless forming a pedicel to 
 the upper joint. Seed globose, pendulous from the incurved tip of the 
 funicle, which rises from the base of the cell ; cotyledons conduplicate. — 
 DiSTEiB. Species about 20, European and temp. Asiatic. 
 
 1. C. cordifolia, Stev. in Mem. Sac. Nat. Mosq. iii. 267 ; H.f. & T. in 
 Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 180 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 405. C. Kotschyana, Boiss, 
 Orient, i. 406. 
 
 KuNAwuR in the Western Himalaya, and in Western Tibet, alt. 10-14,000 ft. — 
 Distrib. Westward to Persia and the Caucasus. 
 
 A tall stoat bristly hairy perennial. Stem striated. Rootstock thick. Radical leaves 
 on stout petioles, 1-2 in., petiole striated and dilated at the base, rounded and cordate, 
 laciniate and variously toothed ; cauline on shorter petioles, ovate elliptic or rhomboid, 
 toothed or lobed. Racemes loosely panicled. Fods globose, upper part pisiform, 
 crustaceous. — Some Tibetan specimens have broader petals and shorter stamens (with 
 the filaments of the long stamens almost simple) than are found in the Affghan and 
 Caucasian ; but these plants agree in all other respects. Stocks says the root is eaten 
 in Beluchistan. 
 
 40. PKVSORKVNCUS, Hook. 
 
 A glabrous, glaucous, leafy undershrub. Leaves fleshy, lower petioled, 
 upper auricled. Flowers large, white, in elongated distantly flowered 
 ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect, equal at the base. Fods indehiscent 
 2-jointed, the lower joint longitudinally 2-celled, seedless, with small 
 spurious valves ; upper joint large, ovoid, with a long conical beak (style) 
 2-celled, with thick lacunose walls ; cells 2-4-seeded ; septum thin ; stigma 
 subcapitate. Seeds flattened, pendulous from the side of the cells ; coty- 
 ledons conduplicate. 
 
 1. P. brahvicus, Hook Ic. PI. t. 821 and 822, Bmss.FL Orient, i. 403 
 (with syn.). P. chamaerapistrum, Boiss. Lc. 
 
 Punjab, in the Salt Range, Ficor?/.— Distrib, Westwards to Southern Persia. 
 
 An erect perennial, about 2 ft. high. Leaves 1-4 in., ovate-oblong, entire- or repand- 
 toothed, tip rounded or acute, lower petioled ; cauline narrowed at the base, slightly 
 decurrent and auricled, uppermost linear-lanceolate. Fedicels erect, i in,, a little 
 thickened at the to^. Fods 4-| in. 
 
166 X. CRUClFERiE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Rapkanus. 
 
 41. RAFHANUS, Linn. 
 
 Coarse, rough or glabrous annuals or biennials. Leaves lyrate-pinnate 
 or piunatifid. FlowtrsldiVge, yellow, white or pale lilac, veined with purple, 
 in long ebracteate racemes. JSeprds erect, lateral ones saccate at the base. 
 Fods indehiscent, elongate, terete, thick, continuous or constricted, with a 
 long tapering pointed beak, continuous within or filled witli pith separating 
 the seeds. Seeds pendulous, globose; cotyledons conduplicate. — Distrib. 
 Species about 6, European and Asiatic. 
 
 1. R. satlvus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 228 ; lower leaves lyrate. (Radish.) 
 
 Cultivated throughout India, and up to 16,000 ft. in the Himalaya. — Distrib. With 
 cultivation throughout the temperate and warm zones. 
 
 Root fleshy, variable in size and form. Leaves roughly pilose. Flowers variable, 
 usually white or lilac with purple vein-*. Pods i< rete, continuous, 1 in. to 2 ft. {R. cau- 
 datus, L.). — The variety {R. caudatus), with whip-like pods as long as the entire 
 
 £lant, is commonly cultivated in Western India and the Punjab. The younger 
 innseus {PL Rar. Hori. l/psal, Dec. i. t. 10, an excellent figure) gives Java as the 
 country from whence the seeds of caudatus were received, under the name ".Mougri." 
 R. Rnphanistrum, Linn., can scarcely be distinguished from R. sativtts, and is probably 
 only the wild state of it. 
 
 42. COZiDBACKZA, DC. 
 
 A glabrous, glaucous, branched annual. Lower leaves petioled, upper 
 auricled. Flowers small, pale rose, in elongate, eljracteate racemes. ISepals 
 erect, equal at the base. Pods coriaceous, indehiscent, tetragonal, slightly 
 constricted between the seeds, but scarcely jointed, curved, tapering above 
 into a broad flattened beak ; cells 2 or 3, superimi)osed in one row, each 
 1 -seeded. Seeds oblong, pendulous ; cotyledons incumbent. 
 
 1. G-. l8Bvig-ata, DC. Syst. ii. 577 ; radical leaves many ovate-oblong 
 sinuate-toothed. //./. dc T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. IbO; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 
 243. G. torulosa, DC. Lc. 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5000 ft., Jacquemont ; common in the Punjab. — Distrib. Westward 
 to S. Russia. 
 
 ^tem 9-15 in. high. Radical leaves 4-5 in.; cauline lanceolate, usually slightly 
 toothed, shortly auricled. Pods pendulous, ^ in. long, reticulately veined, costate at 
 the angles; pedicels rather slender, reflexed, shorter than the pods. — Boissier describes 
 a variety, B. ascendcns, having erect pods, with retiexed pedicels. The numerous 
 Indian specimens examined have all drooping pods, with the exception of one from 
 Aftghanistan, in which the lower pods are ascending. 
 
 43. CKORZSFORA, DC. 
 
 A small, branching or tufted, glandular or hairy herb. Leaves entire or 
 pinnatisect. i'Voi^/e^-s yellow or purple, in few-flowered ebracteate racemes; 
 
 {)edicels lengthened, usually tliickening after flowering. Sepals erect, 
 ateral saccate at the base. Pod elongate, cylindric, torulose, indehis- 
 cent, with a lengthened beak ; cells numerous, 2-seriate, 1-seeded ; lobes of 
 the stigma erect ; cotyledons accumbent. — Distkib. About 7 species, na- 
 tives of Western Asia. 
 
 1. C. tenella, DC. Syst. Ver/. ii. 435 ; annual, leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 or spathulate, flowers purplish, pedicels very short, pods obscurely toru- 
 
Chorispora.] x. crucifer^. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 167 
 
 lose, style rigid subulate. H.f. <& T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 181 ; Boiss. Fl. 
 Orient, ii. 143. 
 
 Western Himalaya and the Punjab; Kashmir, alt, 5-7000 ft., T. T.; Salt Range, 
 Fleming. — Distrib, Central Asia and westward to Asia-Minor. 
 
 Pilose or rough glandular, rarely glabrous. Stem 6-9 in., much branched from the 
 base. Leaves shortly petioled ; lower^sometimes pinnatifid ; upper entire or toothed. 
 Flowers small, remote, purple (like those of Malcolmia africana). Racemes much 
 elongate in fruit. Pods 1^ in,, ascending, slender, curved, transverse-jointed, not con- 
 stricted between the seeds, beak long subulate ; pedicels ^-5 in., spreading, ultimately 
 as thick as the pods. 
 
 2. C. sibirica, DC. Syd. ii. 437; annual, glandular-hairy, leaves inter- 
 ruptedly pinnatifid, pedicels slender, pods slender curved torulose monili- 
 form, beak slender subulate. H.f. <k T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 181. 
 
 Hasora in Western Tibet, Winterhottom. — Distrib. Western and Altaian Siberia. 
 
 A straight spreading herb, 6-8 in., with numerous branches from the base. Leaves 
 narrow; lobes equal, entire or lobulated, acute ; terminal long, lanceolate. Flowers 
 rather large, yellow, few, very remote in lengthened racemes. Pods 1 in,, usually 
 curved ; cells 2-seriate, opposite, or one row a little higher than the other, but never 
 alternate, pedicels more slender than the pods, ascending or sometimes arched. 
 
 3. C. sabulosa, Camh. in J acq. Voy. Lot. 15, t. 15 ; perennial, glan- 
 dular-hairy, leaves entire toothed or pinnatifid, flowers yellow or purplish, 
 pedicels very slender, pods irregularly deeply torulose, joints gibbous, beak 
 short slender. H. f. ^ T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 181 ; Loiss. FL Orient. 1. 
 144; Grif. Itin. Notes 306, n. 1054. C. elegans, Camh. I.e. 15, t. 14. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kunawur to Kashmir ; and Western Tibet, alt. 10-17,000 
 ft. — Distrib. AfiFghanistan. 
 
 Root thick, fleshy, fusiform, branching at the crown. Leaves all radical, tufted, 
 petioled, oblong-lanceolate, lobes obtuse. Racemes springing from among the leaves, 
 dense at first, soon elongating to 6-9 in. Flowers large. Pods \-% in. long, straight, 
 curved or twisted; cells opposite or almost alternate, tuberculated ; pedicels erect, 
 slender, thickened at the top, as long as the pod. 
 
 Order XI. CAPPARIDE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Herbs shrubs or trees, erect or climbing. Leaves simple or palmately 
 3-9-foliolate ; stipules 2 or 0, sometimes spinescent. Jnflorescence indefi- 
 nite ; flowers solitary racemed corymbose or uinbelled, regular or irregular, 
 usually 2-sexual. Sepals 4, free or connate, valvate or imbricate, rarely 
 open in bud. Petals 4 (rarely 2 or 0), hypogynous or seated on the disk, 
 imbricate or open in bud. Stamens 4 or more, hypogynous or perigynous, 
 or at the base of or on a long or short gynophore. Disk 0, or tumid, or 
 lining the calyx-tube. Ovary sessile or stalked, 1-Celled ; style short or 0,, 
 stigma depressed or capitate ; ovules indefinite, on 2-4 parietal placentas 
 amphi- or campy -lotropous. Fruit capsular or berried. Seeds angled or 
 reniform, exalbuminous ; embryo incurved. — Distrib. Genera 23, species 
 300, chiefly tropical. 
 
 An order with various abnormal genera. — Cratceva has petals inserted on a large 
 disk ; Mmrua and Niehuhria (which want petals) are calycifloral ; Cadaba has a uni- 
 lateral disk (bundle of filaments ?) . Roydsia, with 6 sepals, a 3-locular ovary, 3 subu- 
 late styles, axile placentation and a straight embryo, though included here, might well. 
 form the type of a distinct Order. 
 
168 XI. CAPPARIDEJE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) 
 
 Tkibe I. Cleomeee. Herbs. Fruit capsular. 
 
 Stamens sessile on the disk. Petals imbricate in bud ... 1. Cleome. 
 Stamens on the gynophore. Petals open in bud 2. Gynandropsis. 
 
 Tribe II. Cappareae. Shrubs or trees. FruU berried or capsular. 
 
 Calyx tube lined by the disk, lobes valvate. 
 
 Petals 0. Fruit ovoid 3. Niebuhria. 
 
 Petals 4. Fruit moniliform 4. Mjerua. 
 
 Sepals 4, open in bud. Disk hemispheric 5. Crat^va. 
 
 Sepals 4, 2-seriate, imbricate, or 2 outer valvate. 
 
 ' Stamens 4-6, inserted high on the gynophore 6. Cadaba, 
 
 Stamens 8- 00 , inserted at the base of the gynophore . . 7. Capparis. 
 
 Sepals 6, 2-seriate. Ovary 3-celled ; styles 3 8. Roydsia. 
 
 1. CZiSOiaS, Linn. 
 
 Herbs. Leaves simple or digitately 3-9-foliolate. Flowers racemed, yellow 
 rose or purple. Sejyats 4, spreading. Petals 4, regular or ascending. Stamens 
 4-8, sessile on the disk. Ovary sessile or with a short gynophore ; style 
 short or ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule oblong or linear, 
 valves 2 separating from the seed-bearing placentas. ISetds reniform. — 
 DiSTRiB. Species about. 80, chiefly tropical. 
 
 C. heptaphylla, L., a W. Indian species, is cultivated in India ; it is a tall hairy 
 viscid annual, with prickly stems, 7 leaflets, large purple flowers, aud a long gynophore. 
 
 * Leaves simple. 
 
 1. C. monophylla, Linn. ; DCProdr. i. 239; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 puberulous penninerved, bracts petit)late, stamens 6. Wall. Cat. 6965 ; 
 
 W. d; A. Prodr. 21 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 129 ; Thivnites Enum. 14 ; Oliv. Fl. 
 Trop. Afric. I 76. C. cordata, DC l.c.—Burm. Zeyl. t KM), f. 3. 
 
 Western Peninsula from Behar aud the Concan to Ceylon, in fields and waste 
 places. — BiSTRiB. Tropical Africa. 
 
 /S/em 1-2 ft., erect, branched. Leaves 1-2 in., base rounded or cordate. Fbwers 
 J|-l in. long, dull purple; racemes elongating in fruit. Petals long-clawed, ascending. 
 Capsules 2-4 in., striate, subsessile or shortly stalked. Seeds rugose. 
 
 2. C. papulosa, Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, i. 382 ; hairy, often glandular, 
 leaves ovate-cordate obtuse strigose papillose penninerved, bracts small 
 sessile, stamens 6. Oliv. FL Tnjp. Afric. i. 76; Fdgew. I.e. vi. 184. C. gra- 
 cilis, Edgew. in Journ. As. Soc. Peng. xvi. 1212. 
 
 Arid districts of Sindh and Western Punjab. — Distrib. Abyssinia, Kordofao, 
 Arabia. 
 
 Stem 6-12 in., erect, branched, strong scented. Leaves \-\^ in., lower long-petioled, 
 upper subsessile. Flowers very small, pinkish at length dirty yellow ; racemes elon- 
 gate in fruit ; bracts oblong, upper pedicels ebracteate. Capsules 1-1 ^ in., subsessile, 
 very slender, finely striate. Seeds glabrous, granulate. 
 
 3. C. quinquenervla, DC. Prodr. i. 239 ; viscid, leaves suborbicular 
 palmately 5-nerved softly pubescent, bracts leafy, stamens 4 or 6. T. Anders, 
 in Jouim. Linn. Soc. v. Supjd.Si Griff. Itin. iVo^.'323, n. 1261. C.Noreana, 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
 
 Arid districts of Sindh and Western Punjab, Griffith, &c.— Distrib. Affghanistan, 
 Persia, Afabia. 
 Stem 6-12 in., erect; branches spreading from the base, rigid woody, strongly 
 
CleoTne.] xi. capparide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 169 
 
 aromatic. Leaves^ 1 in. diam., obtuse or acute, base cordate or rounded, margins and 
 long petioles glandular. Flowers small ; racemes elongate in fruit ; bracts usually 
 subsessile, rarely narrow, upper sometimes 0. Capsules 1-1 4 by ^ in., sessile, narrow- 
 oblong, acute at both ends ; hairs short rigid with tubercled bases, mixed with soft 
 black glandular hairs. /Seeds minute, smooth. — Anderson describes 6 stamens, we find 
 only 4. 
 
 4. C. Stocksiana, Bom. Fl. Orient, i. 414- glandular above, leaves 
 ovate or obovate tubercled palmately 3-nerved, bracts small or leafy, sta- 
 mens 6, filaments clavate. Griff. liin. Notes 225, n. 183. 
 
 Rocky hills in Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Beluchistan. 
 
 Perennial ; branches spreading from the base, erect or ascending, white, glabrous, 
 rough below, densely glandular and tubercled above. Leaves 1 in., fleshy, acute or 
 obtuse ; petiole 1-1 J in. Flowers small, pale purple, at length yellow ; racemes short 
 or long, densely glandular. Petals obovate-spathulate, clawed. Capsules 14 by ^ in., 
 broad-linear, subsessile, pendulous, striate. Seeds large, brown hairy. 
 
 5. C. sixnplicifolia, H.f. dh T. ; prostrate, strigose, leaves obovate- 
 oblong or lanceolate, bracts leafy, stamens 10-12, filaments filiform. Po- 
 lanisia simplicifolia, Camh. in J acq. Voy. Bat. 20, t. 20 ; Dalzell ds Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 8. P. burtporensis, Munroin Wight Ic. t. 1072. C. monophylla, 
 Law in Graluim Gat. Bomb. Fl. 7. 
 
 Northern India, near Burtpore, Munro ; drier parts of the Uekkan and Concan. 
 
 Annual, 6-18 in., much branched from the base. Jjeaves 1-2 in., obtuse or acute, 
 all scaberulous, hairs with scale like bases. Flowers ^ in., violet, in elongating leafy 
 racemes. Filaments &idoxm. CoprnZe |-1| in., subsessile, torulose; beak | in. Seeds 
 large, brown, smooth. 
 
 ** Leaves compound. Stamens 6. 
 
 6. C. tenella, Linn.f.; DC. Prodr. i. 240 ; glabrous, leaves 3-foliolate, 
 leaflets linear, capsule subsessile glabrous, W. d: A. Prodr. 21 ; Wall. 
 Cat. 6966 ; Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afric. i. 78. C. angustifolia, A. Rich. Fl. Seneg. 20. 
 
 Driest parts of the Carnatic, Heyne, &c. — Distrib. Trop. Africa, 
 Annual, 3-12 in. ; branches many, slender, spreading. Leaflets equalling or exceed- 
 ing the petiole. Flowers minute, purplish, in few-flowered racemes ; bracts simple or 
 3-foliolate. Capsules 1-1 1 in., linear. Seeds minute, smooth. — Indian specimens are 
 rather smaller than African. 
 
 7. C. brachycarpa, Vahl ex DC. Prodr. i. 240 ; musky, glandular and 
 rough, leaves 3-5-foliolate upper simple, leaflets obovate or oblong, capsule 
 scaberulous. T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 4 ; Edgew. I.e. vi. 
 184 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 77. C. Ruta, Camh. in J acq. Voy. Bot. 19, 1. 19. 
 C. Vah liana, Fresen. ; and diversifolia, Hochst. 
 
 N.W. India, from Agra, Jamieson, westward to Peshawur, Stewart; Sindh, Stocks. 
 — D18TRIB. Arabia, Abyssinia. 
 
 Perennial, 6-12 in., branched from the base. Leaflets ^-4 in., lower petioled, floral 
 subsessile. Flowers ^-4 in. long, yellow, long-peduncled, in leafy racemes. Capsules 
 I in,, oblong. Seeds minute, smooth. 
 
 8. C. aspera, Koenig ex DC. Prodr. i.241 ; branches glabrous prickly, 
 leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets equalling or exceeding the petioles, flowers 
 axillary, capsule sessile slender torulose. W. (k A. Prodr. 22 ; Wall. Cat 
 6967 ; Wight Ic. t. 287. C. diffusa, Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 129. 
 
 Western Peninsula and Ceylon ; common in sandy soil. 
 
 Annual, 6-18 in. ; branches many from the root, prickles minute. Leaflets \-\ in. 
 
170 XI. CAPPARiDEiE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Cleome. 
 
 Flowers \ in. long, dull yellow, solitary, long-pedicelled. Capsules 1-1 1 in., sessile, 
 slender, beaked. /Seeds large, glabrous, transversely rugose. 
 
 9. C. Burxnanni, W. <k A. Prodr. 22; branches glabrous prickly, 
 leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets shorter than the petiole obovate or oblong-lanceo- 
 late, flowers axillary, capsule stalked terete. Polanisia dodecandra, DO. 
 I.e. 242.— Barm. Thes. Ztyl t. 100, f. 1 {not good). 
 
 Fields of the Carnatic, and in Cetlon, Koenig, &c. 
 
 Annual, 6-18 in. ; branches many from the root. Leaflets 1 in., acute or obtuse. 
 Flowers j in., solitary, purple. Capsules 2 in., terete, glabrous, striate, tapering at 
 both ends ; stalk y\-| in., slender. /Seeds glabrous, transversely rugose. — U. ciliata, 
 Sch. ((; Th., of tropical Africa approaches this very closely. 
 
 *** Leaves compound. Stainens lO-oo . 
 
 10. C. felina, Linn. f. Si(p])l. 300; rough with rigid scale-like hairs, 
 leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets obovate, flowers axillary long-pedicelled, stamens 
 28-32, capsule glabrous. Polanisia felina, DC. Frodr. i 242 ; Hall. Cat. 
 6971 ; iV. d' A. Frodr. 22 {excl. sri/n. Hm't. Alalab.). 
 
 Southern provinces of the Carnatic, Koenig, &c. 
 
 Annual, erect, 1-2 ft., much branched. Leaflets ^-1 in., obtuse, equalling or shorter 
 than the petiole. Flowers ^-^ in. long, solitary, purple. Calyx and corolla bristly 
 outside. Filaments filiform. Capside 1-1 4 by ^ in., compressed, liuear-obluug, acute 
 at both ends, striate. /ScctZs large, glabrous, tubercled. 
 
 11. C. v^scosa, Linn.; softly pubescent, leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets 
 ovale or MMKato, lioweis racenied long-pedicelled, stamens J2-20.\ppsule 
 glandular-pubescent. Roxb. Fl. Iml. ii. 128. C. icosandra, Linn, rolanisia 
 viscosa, DC. Frodr. i. 242 ; Wall. Cat. 6968. Polanisia icosandra, W. d' A. 
 Frodr. 22 ; Wii/ht Ic. t. 2.—F/i£ede Ilort, Mai ix. t. 33. 
 
 Abundant throughout tropical and warm India, and the rest of the world. 
 
 Annual, erect, 1-3 ftr, hairs simple and glandular mixed. Leaflets equalling or 
 shorter than the petiole, upper usually subsessile. Flowers ^ in. long, yellow. Petals 
 reriexed. Capsule 2-34 i"-. striate, narrowed to the tip. ^eeds small, granular. 
 
 12. C Chelldonll, LAnn.f. Siippl. 300; glabrous or sparsely scabrid, 
 leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets obovate or oblong, flowers racemose then 
 corymbose long-i)edicelled, stamens very many, capsule glabrous. Foxb. 
 FLInd. iii. 127. Polanisia Chelidonii, DC. Frodr. i. 242; W. S A. Prodr. 
 22 ; Wight Ic. t. 319 ; Wall. Cat. 6969 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 8. P. hete- 
 rophylla. Wall. Cat. 6970. P. Bchraderi and Leschenaultii, DC Corynan- 
 dra pulchella, Schrad. 
 
 Moist places from the N. Circars, Roxburgh^ and Poonah, Jacquem., southwards. — 
 DiSTfUB. Java. 
 
 Aimual, erect, 1-3 ft., much branched, glabrous or with few bristles. Leaves long- 
 petioled, pubescence appressed, scabrid; leaflets 1-1 4 in., obtuse or acute. Flowers 
 f-in. diam., regular, rosy; bracts small, simple or 3-foliolate. Petals sessile, ovate. 
 Filaments clavate above. Capside 2-4 in., slender, tapering at both ends, striate. 
 Seed rather large, pale brown, muricate. 
 
 2. GVNANDXIOPSZS, DC. 
 
 An annual glandular-pubescent or glabrate herb. Leaves 5-foliolate, 
 long-petioled. Flowers racemed. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, spreading, 
 long-clawed, open in bud. Sitimens 6, filaments adnate below to the slender 
 gynophore, spreading above. Ovary stalked, ovules many. Capsule elon- 
 
Gynandropsis.] xi. capparide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 171 
 
 gate, stalked ; valves 2, separating from the seed-bearing |)lacentas. Seeds 
 reuiform, black, scabrous. 
 
 1. G-. pentapliylla, DC. Prodr. i. 238 ; leaflets broad-obovate acute or 
 obtuse entire or serrulate. W. & A. Prodr. 21 ; Wall. Vat. 6964. Cleome 
 pentaphylla, Linn.; Roxh. FL Ind. ii. 126.—Pheede Uort. Mai. ix. t. 34. 
 
 Abundant throughout the warm parts of India and all tropical countries. 
 Erect, branched, 1-3 ft. Leaflets 1-2 in. Flowers i-§ in. diam., white or purplish, 
 in glutinous racemes ; bracts 3-lolioIate. Capsules 2-4 in., nearly glabrous, striated. 
 
 3. NZEBVKRIA, DC. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Leaves 1-5-foliolate ; stipules setaceous. 
 Flowers solitary or corymbose. Calyx-tuhe ovoid; limb 4- cleft, valvate. 
 Petals 0. IStamens indefinite, united on the gynophore at about the level of 
 the top of calyx-tube ; filaments filiform, exserted. Ovary stipitate, 1 -celled ; 
 ovules many on 2 parietal placentas ; stigma subsessile. Berry ovoid, 
 1-seeded. Seed large ; cotyledons fleshy involute. — Distkib. Species about 
 8, tropical African and Asiatic. 
 
 1. N. linearis, DC. Prodr. i. 244 ; glabrous, leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets 
 ovate oblong linear or lanceolate, flowers racemed. Wall. Cat. 6975; 
 W.(kA. Prodr. 23 ; Wight Ic. t. 176 ; Hook. Ic. Pl.X. 124. Capparis apetala, 
 Both. Nov. Sp. 238. C. linifolia, Poxh. Hort. Beng. 41. Crataeva apetala, 
 Spreng. Syst. ii. 448. 
 
 Hilly parts of the Carnatic, Roth, Wight, &c, 
 
 A small tree, bark pale grey. Leaflets 1-2 by ^-1 in-, equalling the petiole of the 
 leaf, minutely wrinkled, shortly petiolulate ; 5 and linear in young plants. Racemes 
 1-2 in., terminal, few-Howered. Calyx 4 in., persistent. Berry 4-§ in., ovoid or sub- 
 globose, 1-3-seeded; stalk 1-1 J in. 
 
 4. MHIRUA, Forskahl. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. Leaves simple. Flowers corymbose. Calyx-tid)e lined 
 by a disk ; lobes 4, valvate. Petals 4 (in the Indian species), smaller than the 
 calyx-lobes, ovate, inserted on the edge of the disk. Stamens many, inserted 
 high up on the gynophore, filaments exserted. Ovary long stalked, 1 -celled, 
 or 2-celled by the cohesion of the placentas ; ovules many, on 2-4 parietal 
 placentas. Berry fleshy, elongate, moniliform, 1- or more-seeded. Cotyledons 
 fleshy, involute.— DiSTRiB. Species about 20, tropical Asiatic and African. 
 
 1. HL. arenaria, H. f. (& T. ; glabrous or pubescent, leaves broad- 
 ovate acute or oblong and obtuse or retuse, corymbs terminal or on lateral 
 shoots, petals lanceolate acute. 
 
 Western Himalaya, and Central India, abundant : var. 2. Gangetic plain, about 
 Delhi and Agra. 
 
 A large woody climber. Leaves ^-3 in. Flowers §-1 in. long, white. Calyx-tube 
 dilated upwards, about 4 as long as the limb. Berry 2-5 in., deeply constricted be- 
 tween the seeds — 31. ohlongifolia of Arabia and Africa differs only in the cylindric 
 calyx-tube equalling its limb. 
 
 Var. 1. glabra; glabrous and glaucous except the margins of the calyx-lobes. 
 Niebuhria arenaria and ohlongifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 244; Wall. Cat. 6976; W. & A. 
 Prodr. 24 in part; Hooh. Ic. PI. t. 127. Capparis heteroclyta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 570. 
 
 Var. 2. scabra; young shoots and upper leaves scabrous, calyx softly pubescent. 
 M. scabra and ovalifolia, Camb. in Jacq, Voy. Bat. 22, t. 23, 24. Niebuhria oblougi- 
 folia, Boyle 111. 73. 
 
172 XI. CAPPARIDE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Cratesva, 
 
 5. CRATSSVA, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers large, yellow or purplish, polygamous. 
 Sepals 4, cohering below with the convex lobed disk. Petals 4, long-clawed, 
 open in bud. Stamens indefinite, adnate to the base of the gynophore. 
 Ovary on a slender stalk, 1 -celled; stigma sessile, depressed ; ovules many, 
 on 2 parietal placentas. Berry fleshy. Seeds imbedded in pulp. — Distrib. 
 Species about 6, tropical and cosmopolitan. 
 
 " 1. C. rellg-iosa, For si. ; DC. Prodr. i. 243; leaflets ovate or ovate- 
 lanceolate appearing with the large greenish yellow at length purplish 
 flowers. Capparis 3-foliata, lioxb. Fl. Tnd. ii. 57 L 
 
 Near streams in Malabar and Canara ; cultivated elsewhere in India. — Distrib. 
 Trop. Africa. 
 
 1 A spreading, unarmed, deciduous tree. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets 3-6 by 1 1-2? in., 
 abruptly or gradually acuminate, pale beneath. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., in terminal 
 corjmbs. Petals ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute ; claw ^ as long as the Hmb. Berry 
 1-2 in. diam., many-seeded. — Very variable. Intermediates may be found between the 
 following varieties. The form of the ovary and fruit does not always correspond with 
 that of the leaflets. Imperfect specimens of a Mergui species of Griffith, with large 
 broad obtuse thick coriaceous leaves, may be different. 
 
 Var. 1, Nurvala; leaflets ovate-lanceolate taper-pointed, berry ovoid. C. Nurvala, 
 Ham., in Trans. Linn. Sac. xv. 122 ; Wall. Cat. 6973; W. & A. Prodr, 2Z.—Bhecde 
 Hort. Malah. iii. t. 42. 
 
 Var. 2. Boxburghii ; leaves small ovate-lanceolate abruptly acuminate, beny glo- 
 bose. C. Roxburghii, Br. in Denh. & Clajjji. Traveh, App. 224 ; W.& A. Prodr. 23; 
 Hook. Ic. PI t. 178. C. odora, religiosa and unilocularis, Ham. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 6972. 
 
 6. CADABA, Forskahl. 
 
 Unarmed shrubs. Leaves simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers solitary corym- 
 bose or racemed. Sepals 4, unequal, 2-seriate, 2 outer valvate. Petals 4, or 2, 
 rarely 0, clawed, hypogynous. Disk equalling the petal-claw, trumpet- 
 shaped or spathulate, with a tubular claw. Stamens 4-G, unilateral on the 
 slender gynophore ; filaments filiform, exserted, spreading. Ovary long- 
 stalked, 1-celled ; stigma sessile - ovules many on 2-4 parietal placentas. 
 Fi-nit fleshy, slender, cylindric, berried or dehiscing tardily upwards by 
 
 2 valves, which leave the pulpy placentas. Seeds subglobose, testa cartila- 
 ginous ; cotyledons convolute. — Distkib. Species about 12, tropical and 
 subtropical African and Asiatic. 
 
 I-- 1. C. trifoliata, W. d- A. Prodr. 24; leaves palmately 3-foliolate, 
 leaflets oblong or lanceolate, petals 2, stamens 6, fruit tardily dehiscent. 
 C. triphylla, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. 296, Suppl. t. 37. Stroemeria trifo- 
 liata, jtioxb. Fl. Did. ii. 79. Desmocarpus missionis. Wall. Cat. 6798. 
 
 Southern parts of the Carnatic, Berry, &c. Drier parts of Ceylon. 
 
 A rigid branched shrub, bark brown, shoots rather hairy. Leaflets 2 in. ; petioles 
 J-4 in. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., in few-flowered, axillary and terminal corymbs. Sepals 
 pale green, membranous, oblong, outer l^ in. Petals 2 in., yellowish-white, limb sub- 
 orbicular. Disk-limb bright yellow, recurved. Capsule 2-4 in., valves brittle. 
 
 2. C. indlca, Lamk.; DC: Prodr. i. 244 ; leaves simple ovate or oblong 
 acute obtuse or mucronate, petals 4 limb oblong, stamens 4, fruit dehiscent. 
 Wall Cat. 6977; W. S A. Prodr. 24; Dalz. <0 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 9. Stroe- 
 meria tetrandra, Vahl y Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 78. Cleome fruticosa, Linn. 
 
Cadaba.] xi. capparideje. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 173 
 
 Western Peninsula, from Guzerat and the Concan southwards, on old walls and in 
 waste dry places. 
 
 A straggling much branched shrub, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 1-1 4 in. 
 Flowers 1 in. diara., greenish white, in few-flowered terminal corymbs ; bracts small, 
 subulate. Sepals ovate. Claw o{ petals narrow. Dish broad, funnel-shaped, smooth, 
 fimbriate. Fruit 1-1 4 in., cylindric; pulp orange. 
 
 3. C. farinosa, Forsk. ; DC.Prodr. i. 244 ; hoary, leaves ovate or oblong 
 obtuse, petals 4 limb narrow spathulate, stamens 5, fruit indehiscent ? 
 Deless. Ic. Set. iii. t. 8 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 89. C. Dubia, DC. I.e. 
 
 Dry places in the Punjab at Multan, Edgeworth ; and Sindh, Stocks. — Bistrib. 
 Arabia, trop. Africa. 
 
 A straggling, much branched, wiry shrub. Leaves \-h in. rarely 1 in. Flowers as 
 in C. indica but petals very narrow. Fruit ^-l^ in., cylindric — Delessert's Icones re- 
 presents 6 stamens, we find 5 only. 
 
 4. C. heterotrlcha, Stocks in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 839 ; glaucous and pulveru- 
 lent, leaves broad obovate or orbicular, petals 4 limb suborbicular, stamens 5. 
 
 Sindh ; on rocks near Cape Monze, Stocks. 
 
 A small rigid branched tree, 10-20 ft., young parts often glandular. Leaves 1 in. 
 Flowers ^ in. diara., in terminal dense corymbs. Sepals ovate, acute. Limb of petals 
 equalling the claw. Cluw of disk slender, tubular, limb small, oblong, crenate. Fruit 
 unknown. 
 
 7. CAPPARIS, Linn. ^ 
 
 Trees or shrubs, erect decumbent or climbing, unarmed or with stipulary 
 thorns. Leaves simple, rarely 0. Flowers white or coloured, often showy. 
 Sepals 4, free, imbricate in 2 series, or 2 outer subvalvate. Petals 4, sessile, 
 imbricate. Stamens indefinite, inserted on the torus at the base of the long 
 gym)phore. Ovary stalked, 1-4-celled ; stigma sessile ; ovules many, on 
 2-fiiarietal placentas. Fruit fleshy, rarely bursting by valves. Seeds many, 
 imbedded in pulp, testa crustaceous or coriaceous ; cotyledons convolute. 
 — DiSTEiB. Species 120, natives of all warm climates, except N. America. 
 
 Sect. I. Flowers solitary, axillary. (Flowers sometimes fascicled in 
 3, zeylanica, and 4, Heyneana.) 
 
 1. C. spinosa, Linn. ; leaves orbicular, pale green not shining acute, 
 obtuse or retuse, thorns straight hooked or 0, flowers large, fruit ribbed 
 often dehiscing. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 95. (Caper plant.} 
 
 Hot Western Himalayan valleys Eastward to Nipal ; West. Tibet, ascending to 
 13,000ft.; Sindh; Punjab; and Western Peninsula in the Mahableshwar hills. — 
 Distrib. Affghanistan, West Asia, Europe, N. Africa, Australia, Sandwich Islands. 
 
 A branched shrub, glabrous or hoary, branches prostrate or trailing. Leaves 1-2 in., 
 orbicular or broad ovate. F'lowers white, with purple filaments ; pedicels equalling or 
 exceeding the leaves; fruit 1^-2 in., ovoid or oblong. 
 
 Var. 1. galeata ; armed, glabrous, often glaucous, leaves fleshy, anticous sepal very 
 Baccate. C. galeata, Fres. — Maritime, from Sindh to Arabia, and E. Africa. 
 
 Var. 2. rupestris; unarmed, leaves suborbicular fleshy. C. rupestris, aS'i^^^. i^Zo/*. 
 Grcec. t. 487 ; Wall. Cat. 7001 (no locality and perhaps not Indian). 
 
 Var. 3. vulgaris ; armed, young parts downy. C. obovata, Royle III. 73 ; Camhess. 
 inJacq. Toy. Lot. t. 21. C. Murrayana, Graham Cat. Bombay PL 9 ; Wight III. 
 t. 379 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. F'l. 9 (C iEgyptiaca, Linn. C. herbacea, Willd.). — 
 The common Indian and Oriental form. 
 
 Var. 4. leucophylla, DC. Prodr. i. 246 (sp.) ; floccose all over with white pubescence, 
 Deless. Ic. Set. iii. t. 10. C. nepalensis, IVall. Cat. 6979.— Confined in India to the 
 lower Himalayan valleys, also Persian. 
 
174 XI. CAPPARIDEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Capparis. 
 
 2. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 6984 ; branches tomentose, leaves ovate 
 acute mucronate shining above pubescent beneath, flowers large, pedicels 
 short, ovary glabrous. C. pyrifolia, W.d: A. Prodr. 25 {not of LamJc. db DC.); 
 Wight Ic. t. 1047. 
 
 Eastern slopes of the Nilghiri Mts., Wight. 
 
 A dense branched spreading shrub, 2-3 ft. ; thorns recurved. Leaves 1 in., short- 
 petioled, pubescence brown. Flowers 3 in. diam. ; pedicels \-^ in. Petal'^ broadly 
 obovate-cuneate, almost truncate. Ovary narrow-oblong, furrowed. Pruit 2 in., gla- 
 brous, oblong, beaked. 
 
 3. C. zeylanlca, Linn, {not DC. nor W. d^ A.); glabrous, armed, 
 leaves broad ovate to lanceolate usually acute and mucronate reticulate 
 beneath, flowers large, pedicels slender, ovary pubescent. Willd Sp. PI. 11 
 1132; Wall. Cat. 6789. C. acuminata, A'oj;6. Fl. Lid. ii. 566 (not Willd.), 
 C. brevispina, DC. ; W. <ic A. Prodr. 24 ; Thwaites Enuni. 15 ; Hooh. Ic. PI. 
 1. 126 ; Dak. <& Gibs. BomfKiy Fl. 9. C. Wallichiana, W. dc A. Prodr. 25 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 6987. (C. Klieedii and rotundifolia, Roltb.) 
 
 Common in the Carnatic and Malabar ; occasional in the Western Dekkan ; dry 
 parts of Ceylon. 
 
 A rigid, wiry, much branched shrub ; shoots sometimes puberulons. Leaves 1^-3 by 
 4-1 i in., coriaceous, shining above, sometimes pubescent beneath. Flowers 2 in. diam., 
 ■white, sohtary or 2-3 on a short shoot; 2 lower petals yellowish, changing to red 
 browni ; pedicels 1-2 in. Omr// oblong. Fruit 2 m., ovoid, smooth. — C. zeylanlca, 
 DC, is probably C. tenera or acuminata. 
 
 4. C. Kejmeana, Wall. Cat. 6986 ; unarmed or thorns minute, leaves 
 ovate or lanceolate acute or acuminate reticulate beneath, flowers solitary or 
 fascicled, pedicels slender 1-bracteate, ovary tomentose. W. d' A. Prodr. 
 25, C. formosa. Dak. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 40 ; Dak. d' Gibs. Bomh. Fl. 9. 
 — Rheede Hort. Mai. vl t. 57. \;» 
 
 From S. Concan and Canara, to Travancor; Ceylon, Thicaites (2509 in part). 
 
 An erect shrub ; young parts floccose. Leaves 3-6 by 4-3 in., base acute, coria- 
 ceous, old shining above. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., white pale blue or HIac, solitary or 
 2-3 ; pedicels 1-2 in., terminal ; bracts linear. Sepals obtuse, tomentose inside. Petals 
 obovate, 2 lower close together with a yellow basal spot. Fruit (immature) 1^ in., ovoid, 
 beaked. 
 
 6. C. divarlcata, Lamh. ; DC. Prodr. i. 252 ; glabrous, thoms straight, 
 leaves linear-oblong or ovate obtuse mucronate 6-7-nerved at the base, 
 flowers solitary, pedicels slender, ovary glabrous ribbed. Wall. Cat. 6988 
 B {not A); W. d A. Prodr. 27; Wight Ic. t. 889. C. stylosa, DC; Wall. 
 Cat. 6980 ; W. d' A. Prodr. 25 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10. 
 
 The Dekkan, and Carnatic at Tanjore and Coirabatore. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, branches spreading, glabrous or shoots hoary. Leaves 1^-3 
 by |-1 in., thick, coriaceous; petiole short. Flowers 24 in. diam. ; buds beaked; pe- 
 dicels i-1 in. Sepals very coiicave, ovate. Petals narrowly obovatc-spathulate. Fruit 
 2-3 in. diam., subglobose, 5-6-ribbed, tubercled, obtusely beaked. — Originally described 
 from young plants with slender branches and narrow leaves. Graham describes the 
 flower as red. 
 
 Sect. II. Flowers umbelled, racemed, corymbose or panicled. 
 
 * Flowers in simple corymbs (sornetimes compound in 9, versicolor, or 
 icemose in 13, grandis). 
 
 6. C. apbylla, Both; DC. Prodr. i 246; glabrous, thorns iu pairs 
 
-Capparis.] XI. capparide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 175 
 
 straight, leaves (only on younsf shoots) glabrous linear pungent, buds pu- 
 bescent, stamens 18-20. WalL Cat. 6983 ; W.&A. Prodr, 27 ; Dalz. (fc Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl, 9 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i 95. (C. Sodada, Br. Sodada deci- 
 dua, Forsk.) 
 
 Driest places in the Punjab, Guzerat, Kajputana, the Dekkan and S. Carnatic. — 
 DiSTRiB. Arabia, Egypt, N. trop. Africa, 
 
 A dense much branched shrub ; branches slender, glabrous. Flowers 1 in. diam,, 
 red-brown, in many-flowered corymbs on short lateral shoots. Outer sepals subvalvate, 
 ciliate ; inner very saccate. Fruit \-% in., glabrous, long-beaked. 
 
 7. C. diversifolla, W. <k A. Prodr. 27 ; glabrous, thorns recurved base 
 broad, leaves glabrous linear or oblong- lanceolate, flowers 1^ in. purple, 
 ovary glabrous. Hook. Ic. Pl.t. 181. C. reticulata, Klein, ex Wall. Cat. 6986. 
 C. divaricata, Wall. Cat. 6988, A {not B). C. caerulea, Heyne ex Wall. Cat. l.c. 
 
 Western Peninsula, in Travancore. 
 
 A shrub, branches zigzag, young puberulous. Leaves 1^-2 by J-| in,, uppermost 
 usually (rarely all) twice as long and ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, shining above ; petiole 
 Jin. Flowers 1| in,, in few-flowered terminal subsessile corymbs; pedicels subclavate, 
 puberulous. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals broad-obovate. Ovary narrow-oblong. Fruit 
 1^ in., ovoid, smooth, many-seeded. 
 
 8. C. trinervia, R. f. <^ T. ; branches brown-tomentose, thorns recur- 
 ved, leaves glabrous broad-lanceolate 3-plinerved, sepals orbicular tomen- 
 tose, ovary glabrous. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer; Tavoy, Parish. 
 
 Climbing ?, branches long. Leaves 2-3 by |-1 in. ; 'nervules transverse, few ; petiole 
 and midrib brown tomentose. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., in terminal many -flowered 
 corymbs ; pedicels 1-1^ in., lower with fuliaceous bracts, upper with minute ones. Ovary 
 ovoid, acute ; gynophore 1^ in. Fruit unknown. 
 
 9. C. versicolor, Griffith Notvl. iv. 577 ; branches glabrous, thorns short 
 recurved, leaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate 
 obscurely penninerved, sepals ovate glabrous, ovary glabrous. 
 
 Tenasserim, Griffith. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 Climbing; branches flagelliform. Leaves 2-3 by |-1 in., tip retuse, glabrous and 
 shining above, pale beneath; petiole \ in., puberulous. Flowers 2 in, diam., white 
 then rose ; buds globose, glabrous ; corymbs simple, terminal, with the lower flowers 
 axillary, or few-flowered and disposed in lateral racemes 1-1^ in. long; pedicel 1 in. 
 Outer sepals very convex, inner petioled. Ovary ovoid, gynophore 1^ in. — Perhaps C 
 salaccensis, Blume, of which we have seen no authentic specimen. 
 
 10. C. nXoonii, Wight III. 35 ; branches glabrous, thorns recurved, 
 leaves oblong obtuse or subacute with a callous tip glabrous, flowers 4-5 in. 
 diam., sepals orbicular, ovary glabrous. Thwaites Enmn. 16. 
 
 CoNCAN, Stocks, &c, ; Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft. 
 
 A large woody climber, branches flagellate. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 J in., coriaceous, 
 shining above, pale beneath. Flowers white, in 6-12-flowered almost leafless terminal 
 corymbs, with sometimes a solitary axillary flower; pedicels 1-2 in,, stout. Outer 
 sepals orbicular, convex, much imbricated. Petals subpilose. Gynophore 3-4 in. 
 Fruit 2-4: in. d\am., obovoid or subglobose. Seeds many, size of a large bean. — Pro- 
 bably a large flowered state of C. Boxhurghii. Thwaites' character of the long funicle 
 is altogether inconstant. 
 
 11. C. Rozburg-hil, DC. Prodr. i. 247 ; young branches hoary-pu- 
 bescent, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous obovate-oblong obtuse acute or 
 acuminate, flowers 2 in. diam., sepals orbicular, ovary glabrous. W. & A, 
 
176 XI. CArPARiDE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Capparis. 
 
 Prodr. 26 ; Wight Ic. t. 1048 ; Thwaites Enum. 15. C. corymbosa, Roxh. 
 Fl. Ind. ii. 569. C. bisperma, Wight Cat. 104 {not Roxh.\ 
 
 Forests of the Western Ghauts and Carnatic. 
 
 A large woody climber ; pubescence ashy or yellow, minute, deciduous. Leaves 1 4-24 
 by 1-1^ in., base acute, shining and glabrous above, pale beneath. Floicers white, 
 arranged as in C. Moonii; buds usually tomentose. Petals broadly obovate-cuneate. 
 Gynophore I5-2 in. Fruit 1-2 in. diam., globose. 
 
 12. C. grandls, Linn.f. ; DC. Prodr. I 248 ; branches pubescent, thorns 
 or recurved, leaves broad-ovate or obovate acute obtuse or retuse silky 
 beneath, buds pubescent, ovary glabrous. Wall. Cat. 6996 ; W. <Sc A. Prodr, 
 27 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10. C. maximus, Roth ; Wall. Cat. 6995. 
 C. bisperma, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 668 ; W.d'A. Prodr. 26 {excl.sy 71. Wight Cat., 
 d' Kleen.). C. obovata, Uam. and racemifera, DC. I.e. 248. 
 
 Hill forests of the Carnatic, Dekkan, and Ceylon. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 2-3 by 1^-2 in., base acute, glabrous above and the old on both 
 surfaces ; petiole 4-§ in. Flowers ^-1 in. diam., white, in terminal corymbs or racemes, 
 lower with leafy upper with deciduous bracts ; pedicels 1 in. Petals narrow-obovate 
 obliquely ascending. Gynophore 1 in. sometimes only 4 or ^i in* Fruit size of a nut- 
 meg, subglobose, purple, smooth, 2-6-8eeded. 
 
 ** Flowers in simple umbels. 
 
 13. C. orblculata, WaU. mss. in Herb. Linn. Soc. ; branches pilose, 
 thorns recurved from a broad downy base, leaves suborbicular truncate 
 retuse or mucronate papillose and hairy above tomentose beneath, flowers 
 small, ovary glabrous. 
 
 Segain hills, Birma, WaUich, Griffith. 
 
 A much branched rigid spreading shrub. Leaves |-1 in. broad, obscurely trapezoid, 
 base cordate ; hairs above papillose ; petiole very short. Flowers umbelled, peduncle 
 1-2 in., 1-leaved at the tip ; pedicels ^-f in., slender, spreading. Perianth absent. 
 Ovary oblong, acute ; gynophore less than 4 in. 
 
 14. C. pedunculosa, Wall. Cat. 6993 ; branches pubescent, thorns 
 recurved, leaves glabrous suborbicular obtuse or retuse penninerved, 
 sepals equalling the oblong petals, ovary glabrous. Ilook. Ic. Pl.t. 128; 
 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 9. C. sepiaria. Wall. Cat. 6993, G. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Russell; near Tanjore, in the Carnatic, Wight; Concan, 
 Stocks, &c. 
 
 A spreading branched shrub; branches wiry, at length glabrous. Leaves f-1^ by 
 4-1 in., base cordate, shining above; petiole very short. Flowers \-l in. diam., in 
 2-6-flowered terminal or axillary and shortly (^-^ in.) peduiuled umbels ; pedicels 
 1-1 4 in., slender. Sepals reflexed in flower. Ovary oblong; gynophore 1 in. Fruit size 
 of a cherry, globose, several-seeded. 
 
 15. C. long'isplna, H.f. <k T. ; branches pubescent, thorns long acicu- 
 lar, leaves ovate-cordate acute rarely obtuse pubescent beneath, sepals equal- 
 ling the oblong petals. 
 
 A spreading much-branched shrub ; branches slender, wiry, softly pubescent. Leaves 
 \-\\ by 4-f in-, glabrous above ; petiole very short. Flowers exactly as of C. pedun- 
 culosa, in sessile terminal umbels. Fruit (mature ?) size of a pea. — Possibly a state 
 of C. pedunculosa, though differing much in thorns pubescence and leaf-form. 
 
 16. C. parviflora, H. f. d^ T. ; branches unarmed, thorns 0, leaves 
 glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers small, 
 buds glabrous, sepals and petals oblong, ovary glabrous. 
 
Capparis.] xi. CAPPARiDEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 177 
 
 Shewageri hills in the Carnatic, Wight. 
 
 A spreading wiry much branched shrub (or tree?). Leaves l|-3 by ^-\ in,, base 
 narrow but cordate ; petiole short, broad. Flowers not { in. diara., in axillary or sub- 
 terminal 3-6-flowered subsessile or shortly peduncled umbels ; pedicels |-i in., slender. 
 Petals oblong. Ovary oblong, gynophore ^ in- i'ruit pisiform. 
 
 17. C. sepiaria, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 247; branches hoary or tomen- 
 tose, thorns recurved, leaves ovate oblong obovate or oblong-lanceolate 
 subacute or retuse penninerved downy (rarely glabrous) beneath, sepals 
 oblong, petals narrow, ovary glabrous. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 568 ; Wall. Cat. 
 6993; W. <&; A. Prodr. 26; Camb. in J acq. Voy. Bot. t. 22; Valz. & Gibs. 
 Bombay FL 10. 
 
 Dry places throughout India, from the Punjab and Sindh to Birma, Pegu, the 
 Carnatic, and Ceylon (at Jaffna, Gardner). — Distrib. Philippines. 
 
 A spreading wiry branched shrub. Leaves f-l^ by ^-f in. ; petiole y^j- in. Flowers 
 \-\ in. diam., white, in many-flowered sessile or shortly peduncled umbels ; pedicels 
 slender, \-% in. Ovary ovoid, pointed; gynophore ^-\ in. Fruit pisiform, black. 
 
 Var. 1. vulgaris ; branches softly tomentose, leaves broad. 
 
 Var. 2. incanescens ; DC. Prodr. i, 247 (sp.), branches rigid wiry, hoary, white, 
 leaves oblong. Wall. Cat. 6994 ; W. & A. Prodr. 26 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 123. C. stylosa 
 /S, DC. I.e. 
 
 Var. 3. retuseUa; Thwaites Enum. 16, 400 (ep.) J branches browu-tomentose, 
 leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous beneath, tip tapering retuse, umbels few- 
 flowered, gynophore longer. — Ceylon, near Kandy, Thwaites. 
 
 *** Flowers in racemose or panicled rarely solitary umbels or corymbs. 
 
 18. C. pumila, Champion in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. iii. 260; young 
 branches puberulous, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate, stamens about 20, buds globose glabrous. Benth. Fl. Hong- 
 Kmg, 18. C. punctata, Wall. Cat. 7002. 
 
 Khasja hills, alt. 2-3000 ft. — Distrib. E. China. 
 
 A shrub, twigs sarmentose or climbing. Leaves 2-3-4 ^7 f-^^^ ^n., base acute, ob- 
 ficurely penninerved ; petiole \ in., pubescent. Flowers 4 in. diam. ; white, in few- 
 flowered corymbs or umbels arranged in large terminal panicles ; pedicel J-^ in. 
 Petals oblong. Ovary ovoid-oblong, glabrous ; gynophore \ in. Fruit 4-| in. diam,, 
 globose, glabrous. 
 
 19. C. floribunda, Wight HI. i. 33, t. 14 ; branches glabrous, thorns 
 or recurved, leaves glabrous oblong rounded at both ends retuse apiculate, 
 stamens about 8, buds globose glabrous, C. malabarica, Wall. Cat. 7000. 
 C. o\ig2kXidiY?\.^ Griffith Notul. iv. 577. 
 
 Malabar, Heyne; Orissa, Cleghorn ; Tena^serim, Griffith, &c. Ceylon in the 
 Doombesa district, Thwaites. — Distrib. Philippines. 
 
 A large woody climber; branches slender. Leaves 3-5 by f-l| in., coriaceous, 
 shining above, obscurely penninerved below. Flowers 4 in. diara., white ; umbels 
 many flov\'ered, in large terminal panicles; pedicels ^-l in. Sepals reflexed in flower. 
 Petals oblong. Ovary ovoid, acute ; gynophore 4 in. P'ruit 1 in. diam., globose, 
 smooth, several-seeded. 
 
 20. C. assamica, H. /. <& T. ; branches glabrous, thorns minute 
 straight or slightly curved, leaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate reticulate beneath, flowers racemed, buds very small globose. 
 
 Assam, Griffith. 
 
 Erect?; branches slender. Zeavea 4-6 by 14-2 in., base acute, pale below. Flowers 
 n terminal many-flowerod racemes, 3-4 in, long, which bear many subulate empty 
 VOL. I. N 
 
178 XI. CAPPARiDE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Capparis. 
 
 bracts at 'the base, and at the top a tuft of the same probably enclosing a leaf-bud ; 
 buds immature, each in the axil of a subulate bract ; pedicel ^ in. tSejtuls 4, imbricate 
 in pairs. 
 
 Sect. III. Flowers seriate in vertical lines on the branches. 
 
 21. C. xnultiflora, H.f. & T. ; branches glabratej^ thorns 0, leaves large 
 glabrous broad-lanceolate or oblong taper-pointed, flowers small, sepals 
 glabrous. 
 
 Tropical valleys in E. Nipal, and Sik;kim ; Bhotan, Griffith; Hookhoom valley in 
 BiRMA, Griffith. 
 
 A large woody climber; branches long, slender. Leaves 6-12 by 2-5 in., thin, base 
 acute, pale beneath ; upper 2-4 in., often bractlike and very deciduous ; petiole h-^ in. 
 Flowers 4-| in- diam., supra-axillary to the leaf or bracts, forming a leafy or naked 4- 
 or more-flowered raceme ; pedicels |-4 in. Petals obuvate-obloug. Ooary glabrous. 
 Fruit pisiform or larger, l-S-seeded. 
 
 22. C. borrlda, Linn. f. ; DC. Prodr. i. 246 ; young leaves buds and 
 shoots brown-tomentose, thorns stout broad-based recurved, leaves ovate 
 obovate or oblong acute obtuse or mucronate at length shining above, 
 petals oblong ciliate, ovary glabrous acute. Wall. Cat. G981 ; W. <{• A ■ Prodr. 
 26; Wight Ic. t. 173; Ltalz. <£: Gihs. Bombay Fl. 10. C. zeylanica, lioxh. 
 Fl. Ind. ii. 667 {not of Linn.). C. forniosa. Wall. Cat. 6982 A. C. acu- 
 minata, Willd.; Wall. Cat. 6990 C {not A or B). C. tenuiflora ami quad- 
 riflora, DC. I.e. 247. C. ery tbrodasys, Miq.^Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 99. Capparis 
 sp. Grif. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. iv. t. 698. 
 
 Gangetic valley, &c., as far N. as Sahaninpore ; Western Peniksdla, Chitta- 
 GONo to Pegu; Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Philijipines. 
 
 Shrubby, climbing. Leaves li-4 by f-2 in., tip pungent, at length shining above 
 and usually much reticulate. Flowers 1^-2 in., white or purplish; buds globose; 
 pedicels supra-axillary, ^-1 in., upper longer. Fruit 1-1^ in. diam., obovoid or sub- 
 globose, smooth, obtusely 4 angled, red-brown, many-seeded. 
 
 23. C. acuxainata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 247 ; young shoots and leaves 
 beneatli brown-toMUutose, tliorns straight or curved, leaves at length gla- 
 brous broad-ovate obtusely acuminate, buds globose downy, flt)wers small. 
 C. zeylanica, W. <& A. Prodr. 25 {notof Limi., hut peilutps of DC. Prodr.). 
 
 Western Peninsula, Carnatic? Kkin in Herb. Wight. 
 
 Erect?; branches slender. Leaves 1^-2 by 1-1^ in., obtusely acuminate, mem- 
 branous ; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers 2-4 in a series, white, axillary ; pedfcels 4-1 in. 
 downy. — The specimen in Herb. Wight, is the only one known. It differs from C. hor- 
 rida in the thorns and small white liowers. The original ticket bears the manuscript 
 name ferrufjinea of Klein, corrected by himself to acuminata, W illd., no doubt from 
 corresponding specimens sent to Europe ; the locality is unknown. 
 
 24. C olacifolla, //./. dc T. ; young branches brown-pubescent, thorns 
 straight or slightly curved, leaves glabrous ovate-lanceolate taper-pointed, 
 tip acute obtuse or mucronate, flowers large, buds ovoid glabrous, sepals 
 oblong ciliate, ovary pubescent. 0. acuminata. Wall. Cat. 6990 A^ B {not 
 C, nor of Willd.). Capparis, 1149, Grifi". Itin. Notes, 199. 
 
 Tropical Himalayan valleys, from Nipal, Wallich, to Assam, Griffith, &c. 
 
 An erect shrub, 6-8 ft. ; branches long, leafy, old glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by l-2i in., 
 base rounded or subacute, shining above, midrib of young puberulous. Flowers 14 in. 
 diam., (white, anthers blue) 2-3 in a series, axillary ; buds acute, glabrous or puberulous. 
 Sepals margined. Petals narrowly obovate-oblong, pubescent. Iruit | in. diam., globose, 
 sharply beaked, black, smooth, shining. 
 
Cajyjmris.] xi. capparide^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 179 
 
 25. C. sabifiBfolia, ff. /. (^ T. ; branches glabrous, thorns 0, leaves 
 glabrous oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed, pedicels 1-2 supra-axillary. 
 
 Khasia hills, alt. 4-6000 ft., H.f. & T. 
 
 A shrub; branches slender. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 4 in., base acute. Pedicels about 
 4 in., slender, flowers unknown. Fruit pisiform, l-2-8eeded. 
 
 26. C. vimlnea, H.f. dh T. ; branches glabrous, thorns or small coni- 
 cal curved, leaves glabrous abruptly taper-pointed acute or obtuse, sepals 
 ovate margins tomentose, petals oblong tomentose outside. 
 
 Tropical valleys of Sikkim, Bhotan, Assam, and Tenasserim. 
 
 An erect shrub ; branches long, slender. Leaves 24-4^ by 1-2 in., thin ; petiole \ in. 
 Flowers 1 in. diam. ; white, 2-5 in a series, axillary, pedicels ^-l in. Fruit 4 in. 
 diam., globose, purple, glabrous, several-seeded. 
 
 27. C tenera, Dalz. in Hook. KewJourn. Bot. ii. 14 ; branches glabrous, 
 thorns hooked, leaves glabrous ovate obovate or oblong acute or abruptly 
 acuminate, flowers small, sepals ovate, margins tomentose, petals tomentose 
 outside. 
 
 From Assam to Birma and Tenassbrim; Canara, Concan and Ceylon (Kandy, 
 Tliwaites). 
 
 k woody climber, branches slender. Leaves l|-3 by %-\\ in., young very thin. 
 Flowers |-4 in. diam., 1-3 in a series, axillary ; pedicels |-1 4 in., slender, glabrous. 
 Fruit pisiform, few-seeded. The following vars. all pass one into another. 
 
 Var. 1. DalztlUi; leaves ovate- lanceolate very membranous, flowers often solitary. — 
 C. tenera, Dalz. I.e. 
 
 Var. 2. zeylanica ; leaves ovate, old firm and coriaceous, flowers 2-3 in a series. — 
 C. uncinata, Wall. Cat. 6998. C. tetrasperma, Thwaites Enum. 15. 
 
 Var. 3. latifolia; leaves obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate, old coriaceous, flowers 
 4-6 in a series. — C. oxyphylla. Wall. Cat. 6997 {not of Miguel). 
 
 28. C. Pinlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 6992 B {not A) ; branches glabrous, 
 thorns very small nearly straight, leaves glabrous broad lanceolate obscurely 
 reticulate above, sepals lanceolate acute glabrous. 
 
 SINGAPORE, Wallich, &c. — DisTRiB. Sumatra, Borneo. 
 
 An erect? glabrous shrub. Leaves 6-8 by 1^-3 in. ; coriaceous, smooth, shining, 
 pale and yellow when dry below. Flowers (buds only) on the young branches supra- 
 axillary, solitary or 2 in a series, appearing racemed when the leaves fall away ; pedi- 
 cels 4-| in. slender. i'Vttii (immature) ovoid-oblong, glabrous, ribbed, long-pedicelled. — 
 Flowers of Bornean specimens rose-coloured. Buds and flowers larger than in 0. micra- 
 cdntha and leaves not evidently cordate at base. 
 
 29. C. micracantlia, DC Prodr. i. 247 ; branches glabrous, thorns very 
 small conic straight, leaves oblong or broad-lanceolate shining and very 
 reticulate above, sepals oblong acute ciliate. Blume Bijd. 52 ; Miq. Ft. Ned. 
 Ind. i. pt. 2, 99. C. callosa, Blume I.e. 53. C. conspicua and C. Finlay- 
 soniana. Wall. Cat. 6991 and 6992 A {not B). 
 
 Pegu, Tenasserim, Wallich, &c.— Distrib. Siam., Java, Timor, Philippines. 
 
 A large shrub or small tree; bark smooth. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 in-> coriaceous, 
 lower obtuse at both ends, upper narrowed towards the rounded or subcordate base, 
 tip acute callous, pale beneath ; petiole ^-4 in. Flowers I4 in. diam., 2-4 in a series, 
 supra-axillary ; pedicels 4 in. or less. Petals 1 in., oblong. Ovary glabrous. Fruit 
 2-3 in., ovoid or subglobose, smooth. 
 
 Inflorescence unknown. 
 
 30. C. flavicans, Wall. Cat. 7003 ; branches tomentose, thorns 0, leaves 
 glabrous oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or retuse and mucronate 3-5 pli- 
 nerved, fruit solitary. 
 
 n2 
 
180 XI. CAPPARIDEJE. (Hook. f. & Tlioms.) [Capparh. 
 
 BiRMA, at Genanghuen and Selainmew, WaUich. 
 
 Shrubby, branches spreading, tomentum appressed. Leaves 1|-14 by f-1 in., base 
 rounded or subcordate ; midrib with 2 oblique veins from about the middle ; petiole 
 J in., pubescent. Fruit 1 in., subglobose, tomentose, many-seeded ; stalk as long. 
 
 31. C. s'l^'Uca, Wall. Cat. 7005 ; branches hoary-pubescent, thorns re- 
 curved, leaves glabrous narrow obovate-oblong obtuse or retuse penni- 
 nerved. 
 
 BiRMAJ common near Pagodas at Pegamew, WaUich. 
 
 A shrub; branches rigid, spreading. Leaves 1^-1 1 by J-| in., coriaceous, tapering 
 to the acute base, pale and glaucous beneath ; petiole | in., pubescent. Floicers pro- 
 bably umbelled, on stout axillary peduncles about 4 in. long. Fruit pisiform, glabrous, 
 1-2-Beeded ; stalk 4 in- i gynophore very short. 
 
 C. VARIABILIS, Wall. Cat. 7004, without flower or fruit, is indeterminable and not a 
 Capparis. 
 
 C. MOLLiuscuLA, Wall. Cat. 7006, is a Cansjera. 
 
 An undescribed Sikkim species allied to (J. Jloribunda, is figured amongst the 
 Cathcart drawings (in Kew Library), with flowers I4 in. diara., many stamens, and a 
 longer gynophore. 
 
 8. ROVDSZA, Roxb. 
 
 Large unarmed woody climbers, branches spotted white. Leaves simple. 
 Flowers yellow, racemed or panicled. Calyx 6-partite, segments 2-seriate, 
 tips a little imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens indefinite, inserted above the 
 base of the short cylindric gynophore. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled from the pro- 
 longation of the placentas; style 3, subulate, stigmas small terminal; 
 ovules many, 2-seriate in the angles of the cells. Fruit fleshy, with a woody 
 3-valved 1-celled endocarp, 1-seeded. Seed erect, cotyledons fleshy, un- 
 equal, longitudinally folded, the larger embracing the smaller. — Distrib. 
 fcjpecies 3, tropical Asiatic. 
 
 1. B. suaveolens, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 289 ; Fl. hid. ii. 643 ; leaves 
 oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or abruptly acuminate, endocarp of fruit 
 smooth. Wall. Cat. 4200 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 678. 
 
 Tropical forests of Sikkim, H.f., and Bhotan, Griffith; Khasia hili^, Roxburgh, &c. 
 
 Branche.^ glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leavts 6-12 by 2-5 in., glabrous, coria- 
 ceous, bright green above, pale below ; petiole §-1 in. Flowers § in. diam., pale yellow, 
 fiweet-scented, in long simple axillary or panicled tei-minal racemes ; buds tomentose ; 
 bracts small, subulate, eqr.alling the short pedicels. Drupe 1^ in., ovoid, scurfy, 
 orange-coloured ; pulp yellow ; stalk short stout. 
 
 2. B. obtusifolia, //./. <.{; T. ; leaves oblong obtuse at both ends, endo- 
 carp of fruit triquetrous muricate with long soft prickles. 
 
 Rangoon, M' CUiland. 
 
 Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., thickly coriaceous ; petiole § in. Ha- 
 cemes in terminal panicles ; flowers unknown. Drupe 2 in., oblong, scurfy ; stalk short, 
 stout. 
 
 E. PARViFLORA, Griff. Notul. iv. 578 ; Jc. PI. Ind. Or. t. 606, f. 6, belongs to TiliacecB. 
 
 Order XII. RESEDACE^. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Herbs rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatisect ; stipules 0, 
 or minute and glandular. Flowers small, spiked or racemed, bracteate. 
 
XII. RESEDACE^. (Hook. f. & Thonis.) 181 
 
 Calyx persistent, 4-7-partite, often irregular ; sepals imbricate in bud. PekUs 
 2-7, hypogynous, entire or lobed, equal or the posticous larger, open in 
 bud. Disk conspicuous, hypogynous (0 in Oligomeris). Stameris usually 
 many, seated on the disk, free or connate, equal or unequal. Ovary 1 -celled, 
 of 2-6 connate carpels, often lobed at the top and open between the lobes 
 which bear the sessile stigm^ ; ovules on 2-6 parietal placentas, amphi- 
 tropous or campylotropous. Fruit capsular (a berry in Qchradenus)^ open 
 at the top. Seeds many, renifor^fi, albumen ; embryo curved or folded, 
 cotyledons incumbent.— Distrib. Europe, N. A«ia, N. and S. Africa ; genera 
 6 ; species 20. 
 
 Petals 4-7, lobed ; ovary syncarpous 1. Reseda. 
 
 Petals 2 ; ovary syncarpous 2, Oligomeris. 
 
 Petals ; ovary syncarpous ; fruit a berry 3. Ochhadenus. 
 
 1. RESEDA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs. Leaves entire, lobed, or pinnatifid ; stipules glandular. Calyx 
 4-7-partitft. Petals 4r-l, clawed, unequal, multifid, posticous one with a 
 membrane above the claw. Disk broad, dilated posticously. Stamens 10-40. 
 Ovary sessile or stalked ; placentas 3. Capsule many-sided, open at the top. 
 — DiSTHiB. Species 26, IS". Africa, W. Asia. 
 
 The European R. luteola is found in AiFghanistan, and E. odorata (mignonette), 
 {R. nilgherrensis, J. Mull. Monog. Resed. 131), is commonly cultivated. 
 
 1. XI. pruinosa, Delile Fl. JSgypt. 152 ; papillose, lower leaves lanceo- 
 late, upper 3-5-partite, flowers very small subsessile, bracts minute. R. 
 bracteata, Poiss. Fl. Orient. 433 ; J. Mull. Monog. 154. 
 
 Hills in the Western Punjab, VicarT/, &c. — Distrib. Eastward to Egypt. 
 
 An erect perennial, l-l^ ft. Leaves 1-2 in., upper with linear segments. Racemes 
 terminal, 6-9 in., dense ; bracts subulate, deciduous. Capsules oblong or ovoid, short, 
 widely gaping. 
 
 2. R. Aucheri, Poiss. Fl. Orient, i. 434 ; glabrous or slightly papillose, 
 leaves obovate-spathulate acute or obtuse, flowers small, bracts linear- 
 lanceolate. J. Mull. Monog. 146. 
 
 SiNDH, Stocks. — Distrib. Eastwards to Persia. 
 
 A-branched perennial, 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-2 in., tapering into a long petiole. Racemes 
 terminal, dense ; flowers yellowish. Capsules as in R. pruinosa. 
 
 2. OZiIGOiyEERIS, Cambess. 
 
 Herbs. Leaves linear, fascicled. Flowers small, spiked. Calyx 4-pai*tite. 
 Petals 2, free or connate. Disk 0. Stamens 3-8, free or monadelphous. 
 Ovary 4-lobed, top open, placentas 4 ; ovules many, Cajmde subglobose, 
 angled, 4-pointed.— Distkib. Species 4 ; 3 S. African, and the following. 
 
 1. O. g'laucescens, Gamhess. in Jacq. Toy. Pot. 23, t. 25; leaves narrow- 
 linear, stipules minute subulate, spike dense-flowered, flowers minute, cap- 
 sule deeply 4-lobed. O. dispersa ^, J. Mull. Monog. 215. Reseda oligandra, 
 Edgew. in J own. As. Soc. Calc. vii. 764, and Hook. Lmid. Journ. Pot. ii. 203. 
 
 SiNDH, and Punjab, from the Jumna eastward, common ; rare in the Concan hills. — 
 Distrib. Westward to Spain and the Canaries. 
 
 An annual, erect, glaucous, much branched herb, 6-12 in. ; branches erect. Leaves 
 1-2 in. Spikes terminal, flowers greenish-white. Capsule very small, membranous. 
 Seeds minute, shining. 
 
182 XII. RESEDACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ochradenus. 
 
 3. OCKRADSNUS, Delile. 
 
 Much branched shnibs ; branches slender. , Leaves small, linear. Flowers 
 sfnked or racemed, often p(Jygamous. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 0. Disk 
 unilateral. IStamens 10-20, inserted within' the disk. Ovary ovoid, closed 
 at the top, 3-beaked ; ovules many, on 3 placentas. Berry many-seeded. — 
 DisTRiB. Species 2, a Spanish and the following. 
 
 1. O. baccatus, DelUe Fl. ^g. 16, t. 31, f. 1 ; leaves fleshy scattered 
 lin ear-spat hulate, racemes terminal, flowers minute. J. Mull. Monog. 94 ; 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 422 ; Griff. It. Notes, 228, No. 208. 
 
 SiNDH, Vicary, &c. — Distrib. Westwards to Syria and Egypt. 
 
 Shrubby, 6-12 ft.; branches glabrous, leafless when old. Leaves ^-1h in.; stipules 
 minute or 0. Jiacemes ri^d ; flowers yellowish, 1-2-sexual. /Stamens 10-12. Berry 
 small, white. Seeds few, large. 
 
 Order XIII. VIOLACEiE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatisect, stipulate. 
 Flowers regular or irregular, 2-bracteolate. Sejxils 5, persistent, equal or 
 unequal, imbricate in bud. Fetals 5, hypogynous, equal or unequal, imbri- 
 cate or contorted in bud. Stamens 5, filaments short, broad ; anthers free 
 or connate, connective broad, produced beyond the cells. Ovavy sessile, 
 1-celled ; style simple, stigma capitate truncate or cupular entire or lobed ; 
 ovules many, on 3 parietal placentas, anatropous. Fruit a 3-valved capsule, 
 rarely a berry. Seei/s small, albumen flesiiy ; embryo straight, cotyledons 
 flat. — Distrib. Genera 21, species 240; natives of temp, and trop. regions. 
 
 Tribe I. Vloleee. Corolla irregular ; lower petal dissimilar. Stami- 
 nodes 0. Cajiside loculicidaL 
 
 Sepals produced at the base 1. Viola. 
 
 Sepals not produced at the base 2. Ionidium. 
 
 Tribe TI. Alsodeleee. Corolla regular. Staminodes 0. Fruit a berry 
 or loculicidal capsule. 
 
 3. Alsodeia. 
 
 1. VIOZiA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs, rarely shrubby below. Flowers, on 1-, rarely 2-flowered peduncles, 
 often dimorphic, some large petalled which ripen few seeds, others small 
 petalled or apetalous and very prolific. Sepals produced at the base. Petals 
 erect or spreading, lower largest, spurred or saccate at the base. Anthers 
 connate, connectives of two lower often spurred at the basa Style clavate 
 or truncate, tip straight or oblique, stigma obtuse lobed or cupular. Cap- 
 side 3-valved. Seeds ovoid or globose.— Distrib. Species about 100, all 
 temp, regions. 
 
 The Pansy or Heartsease {Viola tricolor) occurs occasionally in India, as an escape 
 from cultivation. 
 
 * Stigma obliquely 2-lobed, not beaked ; lobes short, spreading. 
 
 1. V. biflora, Z. ; glabrous or pubescent, leaves reniforu}, stipules 
 ovate or oblong, flowers yellow^ sepals linear-obtuse, spur very short. V. 
 
Viola.] XIII. vioLACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 183 
 
 Wallichiana, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 300. V. reniformis, WaU. Cat. 1443 ; 
 Royle III. 74, t. 18, f. 2 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. WaU. ii. 457. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6-11,000 ft. — Distrib. N. Asia, 
 Caucasus, Europe. 
 
 Rootstock slender. Stem 3r-12 in., erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., 
 crenate, cauline 2-3. 
 
 ** Stigma terminal, truncate, dilated depressed orbicular or lobed. 
 
 2. V. Fatri-iii, DC. Prodr. i. 293 ; glabrous or pubescent, stemless, 
 without stolons, leaves triangular ovate oblong or linear-crenate or serrate, 
 base hastate cordate or cuneate, stipules linear adnate, flowers lilac, sepals 
 lanceolate, spur saccate. Wall. Gat. 1445. Y. prirnulifolia, Linri. in part ; 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 650. V. grandifolia and V. mysorensis, Wall. Cat. 1446, 
 1447. V. chinensis and V. csespitosa, Don Prodr. 205. V. nilagirica, 
 Tare, in Bull. Mosc.^ xxxvi. 536. V. Walkerii, Wt. Ill i. 42, t. 18. V. Pa- 
 trinii var. nepaulensis, DC. I.e. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. from Kashmir to Bhotan ; Western Tibet ; 
 Khasia hills ; hills of the Western Peninsula, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Affghanistan, 
 N. Asia, Japan, Mid. Kussia. 
 
 Very variable. Rootstock woody. Leaves very variable, largest 3-4 by 1-2 in., nar- 
 rowest 3-4 by ^-1 in. ; petiole 2-4 in., often winged. Stipules entire. Flowers ^-^ in. 
 diam. Style nearly straight, slender ; stigma 3-lobed, margined. Capsule straight, 
 J-4 in. ; valves narrow, acute. 
 
 3. V. diffusa, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 298 ; softly hairy, stemless, sto- 
 loniferous, leaves elliptic-ovate obtuse crenate base cuneate rarely cordate, 
 stipules free narrow toothed, sepals subacute, spur globose. Wall. Cat. 
 1444. Y. tenuis, Bentk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. '482. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya from Nipal to Mishmi, in fields, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Khasia 
 Mts. — Distrib. China. 
 
 Perennial. Leaves tufted, \-\ in., pale green ; petiole broadly winged, rarely^ 
 equalling the blade. Stolons short, ^metimes floriferous. Flowers pale-purple. Style 
 slender, narrowed-downwards from the 2-lobed margined obscurely- beaked stigma. 
 
 4. V, Kopkeri, T. Thorns. ; glabrous or young parts pilose, stem and 
 stolons short, leaves orbicular-reniform broadly crenate, petiole not 
 winged, stipules narrow free toothed or lacerate, sepals obtuse or acute, 
 spur saccate. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, alt. 6-7000 ii., Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 8-11,000 ft, ^ 
 H.f. 
 
 Rootstock slender. Leaves |-14 in., rather fleshy, crenatures very broad and shallow; 
 petiole 1-3 in., slender. Flowers white or very pale blue, small. Style slender, narrowed 
 downwards from the 3-lobed obscurely beaked stigma. Capsules small. — Perhaps two 
 species are mixed here, and if so they occur in both the Sikkim and Bhotan collections ; 
 one is small, very hairy when young, with more reniform leaves and shorter obtuse 
 sepals ; the other is larger, almost wholly glabrous, with more ovate minutely gland- 
 dotted leaves having rounded sometimes overlapping basal auricles, and acute sepals ; 
 of this latter some of Griffith's specimens are marked as from East Bengal (Khasia 
 hills), but through an obvious transposition of tickets. 
 
 5. V. distans, Wall. Cat. 4022, and in Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calc. 
 vii. 227 ; glabrous or nearly so, stolons or stems usually long leafy and 
 flowering, leaves ovate- or deltoid-cordate usually acute crenate-serrate, sti- 
 pules entire or fimbriate, sepals acute, spur saccate, capsule linear- oblong 
 
184 XIII. vioLACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) . [Viola, 
 
 many-seeded. V. Wightiana var, glabra, Thwaites Enum. 20. V. Noto- 
 niana, Wall. Cat. 1449. V. Metziana, Holien. PL Exsicc. No. 1501. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Nipal to Bhotan, alt. 5-10,000 ft. ; Khasia hills, 
 alt. 4-6000 ft. PuLNEY and Nilghiri Mts. ; Ceylon, alt. 6-7000 ft.— Distrib. Java ? 
 
 Rootstock slender or stout. IStems 1-14 in., usually long and trailing. Leaves 
 I-I4 in., very variable, sinus broad or narrow, shallow or d6ep ; petals not winged. 
 Flowers ^-\ in, diam , pale lilac or blue. iStyle slender, narrowed downwards from the 
 obscurely .3-lobed f-tigma. Capsule ^-4 in., valves acute. — It is very difficult to distin- 
 guish this from V, serpens, by leaf or flower, and the characters of the stigma and fruit 
 are probably sexual ; some of the synonyms quoted under each may apply to the 
 other. 
 
 Var. 1. distans proper ; stipules nearly entire. V. serpens, Wall. Cat. 1441 [not 
 
 ■ — - - - maris, Buck in DC. Prodr. i. 298, Don Prodr. 205.— Nipal, 
 
 of Fl. hid.). ? V. pal 
 Khasia hills. 
 
 Var. 2. jimhriata; stipules lacerate or fimbriate. — Sikkim. 
 
 Var. 3. acaulis; stemless, stipules fimbriate. — Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft. 
 
 *** Stigma very oblique or quite lateral, often minute and perforated. 
 
 6. V. serpens, Wnll. in Roxh. FL Ind. Ed. WalL ii. 449 {not ofCat.),and 
 in DC. Prodr. i. t\)i\ ; hirsute or glabrous, stolons or stems usually long leafy 
 and How eiing, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse or acute crenate-serrate, stipules 
 toothed or fimbriate, spur saccate, sepals acute, capsufes globose few-seeded. 
 Royle III. 74, t. 18, f. 1 ; W. <.i; A. Prodr. 32. V. Wightiana var. pubescens, 
 Thwaites Enum. 20. V. pilosii, Bliime Bijd. 57. 
 
 Moist woods, &c., throughout the Temperate Himalaya, Khasia hills, Pulney 
 and NiLOHiRi Mts., and Ceylon, alt.. 5-7000 ft. ?Moulmein, Parish. — Distrib. Java, 
 China. 
 
 Leaves 1-2 in., sinus open or closed, shallow or deep. Flowers from the main stem 
 ^-4 in. diam. ; those from the axils of the cauline leavefi small or minute. Capmles 
 often pubescent. — As variable in habit and foliage as V. distans, frojn which the stigma 
 ^ alone distinguishes the glabrous forms when these are not in fruit, and we suspect that 
 these differences are sexual, the stigmas of the gmaller fertile flowers appearing to be 
 more truncate than those of the large flowers. The N.W. India specimens are shorter- 
 stemmed than those from raoister districts. V. Orijithiana, Boiss., of Affghanistan, 
 differs in the more cylindric spur and swollen style above with rounded top, and in 
 the more evident beak. V. hirta, L., diflers chiefly in the latter character and obtuse 
 sepals. , 
 
 Var. 1, glabra; glabrous and very stoloniferous. ? V. Hamiltoniana, Don Prodr. 
 206. 
 
 Var. 2. caneseens, Wall. Cat. 1442 {sp.), and in Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 450; 
 often stemless, hoary or pubescent. V. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4021. V. Koyleana, 
 Wall. Cat. 1448. V. Griffithiana, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 456. 
 
 Vai{. 3. coiifvm, Bcnth. FL Bongk. 20 (sp.) ; stemless or nearly so, stolons 0. 
 V. W'ightiima, Wt. Ic. t. 943. V. aspera, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 295. 
 
 7. V. qdorata, L. ; glabrate or pubescent, stemO, stolons slender, leaves 
 tufted broadly ovate cordate obtuse crenate, stipules entire or toothed, 
 sepals very obtuse, spur nearly straight short subcylindric, style inflated 
 above, stigma decurved. Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 458. (ISweet Violet.) 
 
 Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Falconer, T. T..— Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W, 
 Asia. 
 
 Eootstock stout. Stem^ very short or 0. Leaves {\n the Kashmir plant) ^-1 in. 
 diam., tip rounded, nearly glabrous ; stipules subulate-lanceolate. iSepals rounded at 
 the tip. 
 
Viola.] XIII. viOLACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 185 
 
 8. V. canina, var. syhatica, Fries, (sp.) ; rootstock short or 0, flowering 
 stems from a short central axis, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse crenate-serrate, 
 stipules leafy fimbriate, sepals acute or acuminate, spur straight or hooked, 
 style of V. odorata. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 459. 
 
 Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 4-8000 ft., /ac^wemow^, &c. — Distrib. N. Asia, and 
 westward to the Atlantic. 
 
 Best distinguished from V. odorata by the acute or acuminate sepals. 
 
 9. V. Falconer!, //./. <k T. ; stem or very short, stolons or branches 
 stout erect 6-10 in., leaves large ovate-cordate very broadly crenate and 
 very large foliaceous toothed stipules densely covered with black glands, 
 flowers I in. diam., sepals subulate-lanceolate, spur saccate, anther-spurs 
 exceeding the cells. 
 
 Kashmir, Falconer. 
 
 _ A very remarkable species, resembling V. acuminata, Led. (a form of canina), of 
 Siberia and Manchuria, but with much larger flowers and gland-dotted leaves. 
 
 10. V. kunawarensis, Royle III. 75, t. 18, f. 3 ; small, glabrous, stem- 
 less, stolons 0, leaves tufted oblong obtuse subentire base cuneate, sepals 
 short tips rounded, spur short obtuse, style clavate, stigma subhorizontal 
 hardly beaked. 
 
 Western Tibet and Tibetan Himalaya, from Kumaon to Balti, alt. 11-15,500 ft. — 
 Distrib. AfFghanistan. 
 
 Bootstalk slender, woody, much branched. Leaves tufted, ^-f in., tapering into the 
 slender petiole, pale green. Flowers {-^ in. diam., purple. Capsules elliptic, acute. 
 
 11. V. cinerea, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 454; small, glabrous, stems short 
 diff'use bra'nched, leaves elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acute obscurely crenate, 
 base acute, stipules leafy fimbriate, flowers small axillary, sepals lanceolate 
 aristate, spur very short, style clavate compressed, stigma lateral of 2 oblong 
 parallel disks. 
 
 Dry hilly region of the Punjab and Sindh, common. — Distrib. AfFghanistan, Persia, 
 Arabia. 
 
 Slightly powdery. Stems 1-6 in. Leaves ^-^ in., apiculate, petioles as long. 
 Peduncles slender, bracts subulate. Flowers { in. diam. Capsvles \-\ in., elliptic, acute. 
 
 V. apetala, Roxh. f Wall. Cat. 1440, resemlilos an apetalous form qI ^. Patrinii. 
 V. DUBiA, Wall. Cat. 1450, is probably a lorm of V. str})tns. 
 
 2. ZONXDZUm, Ventenat. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. Flmoers axil- 
 lary, orange or purple. Sepals 5, subequal, not produced at the base. Petals 
 5, lower larger, clawed, saccate or spurred at the base. Ant/iers connate or 
 free, 2 or 4 of them gibbous or spurred at the back. Ova7y ovoid ; style 
 clavate, incurved, stigma oblique. Capsule 3-valved, subglobose, few- 
 seeded. Seeds globose, testa crustaceous. — Disteib. Species about 40, chiefly 
 tropical American. 
 
 1. Z. sufiruticosum, Ging.in DC. Prodr.'i.^W -, glabrous or pubes- 
 cent, leaves linear or lanceolate serrate-toothed, flowers solitary. Wall. 
 Cat. 1439 ', W.(h A. Prodr. 32 ; Wight III. t. 19 ; Ic. t. 308. I. enneasper- 
 mum, i>a; Wall. Cat. 1438; W. d^ A. Frodr. 33. I. Wightianum, Wall. 
 Cat. 4020. I. leptorhizum, JDC; W. d A. I.e. I. heterophyllum and erec- 
 tum, DC. I.e. 308, 311. I. hexaspermum, I)alz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 342 ; 
 Bomb. Fl. 12. Viola suff'ruticosa and enneasperma, Roxh. Fl. Ind, i, 649 i 
 Ed. Wall. ii. 417. V. frutescens and erecta, Moth, Nov, iSp. 168, 
 
186 XIII. vioLACE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [lonidiufn^ 
 
 Abundant from Bundelkund and Agra, to Bengal and Ceylon. — Distrib, Tropica' 
 Asia, Africa, and Australia. 
 
 Very variable, 6-12 in., perennial ; branches diffuse, woody. Leaves 1^-2 by ^^-^ in., 
 subsessile ; stipules subulate, gland-tipped. Flowers red ; pedicels shorter than the 
 leaves. Petals variable, 4 oblong acute or mucronate, the 5th with a long claw, and 
 large oval or orbicular limb. Seeds striate. 
 
 2. Z. ramosissimum, Thwaites Enum. 21 ; leaves closely imbricate 
 narrow-linear quite entire glaucous, flowers solitary. 
 
 Ceylon, banks of the Mahawelliganga at Havagam, Thwaites. 
 Shrubby, suberect, 6-8 in., branches siiberect. Leaves 1-1 <^ in., mucronate, veiuless, 
 margins recurved. Flowers as in /. suffruticosum, 
 
 3. AZ.SODSZA, Thouars. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate (rarely opposite), distichous ; secondary 
 nerves often numerous and parallel. IStipules rigid. Flowei^s small, axil- 
 lary or terminal, solitary fascicled cymose or racemose, regular ; peduncles 
 with many bracts. Sepals 5, subequal, rigid. Petals 5, subequal, sessile. 
 Stamens 5, inserted inside or on an annular disk ; connective produced into 
 a long or short often broad membran(3us appendage. Ovary ovoid ; style 
 straight, stigma terminal ; ovules few or many. Cajmde 3-valved, few- 
 seeded. Seeds glabrous in the E. lud. species. — Distrib. Species about 40, 
 chiefly tropical American. 
 
 Sect. I. Doryctandra, Hassk. (Gen.). Stamens exserted, filaments 
 slender ; anthers cohering in a cone. 
 
 1. A. Roxburg-hii, Wall. Ca^. 7189 (Pentaloba?) ; branchlets pubes- 
 cent on one side, leaves glabrous small elliptic or cuneate lanceolate obtuse 
 subcrenate perforate at the nerve axils beneath, flowers fascicled glabrous. 
 Am. in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii. 343. Vareca heteroclita, lioxb. Fl. Ind, i. 648. 
 Doryctandra Roxburghii, Hassk. in Retzia. i. 126. 
 
 Oude, Gevl. Martin; Silhet, Wallich; Andamans, Kurz. 
 
 A small *6hrub ; branchlets compressed. Leaves 1-1 4 by 4-| i^-i sessile, pale be- 
 neath, nervflb few, venules obsolete. Stipules | in., subulate from a broad base. 
 Flowers subsessile, ^V ^^- Jiam., white. Sepals unequal, obtuse. Petals linear, tips 
 revolute. Disk 10-toothed. Filaments glabrous; anthers white, narrow-linear, almost 
 as long as the filaments, base of cells tomentose ; appendage oblong, obtuse. Ovary 
 glabrous ; style filiform, pubescent. Capsule 1, few-seeded. 
 
 Sect. II. Stamens included ; anthers free. Disk cupular. 
 * Ovary and style glabrous. 
 
 2. A. beng-alensis, Wall, in Trans. Med. and Phys. Soc. Calc. vii. 224 ; 
 glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate serrulate, nerve-axils beneath beai-ded, 
 stipules slender, flowers fascicled, filaments very short, tip of connective 
 short broad. Pentaloba? bengalensis, Wall. Cat. 4896; Am. in Mag. Zool. 
 and Bot. ii. 542. 
 
 Silhet, Wallich, Griffith ; Andamans, Kurz. 
 
 A shrub or small tree ? Leaves 3-5 by l;|-2^ in., shining, tip obtuse ; petiole ^ in. 
 Stipides 4 in., narrow lanceolate. Peduncles |-^ in., 1-flowered, glabrous or pube- 
 rulous ; bracts minute, basal, ovate, subacute. Flowers J in. diam., glabrous. Sepals 
 broad, ovate, ^ the length of the oblong-ovate petals. Disk thick, 5-lobed. Anthers 
 glabrous, oblong. Capsvle ^ in., quite glabrous, 3-4-8eeded. 
 
Alsodeia.] xiii. violace^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 187 
 
 3. A. zeylanlca, Thwaites Enum, 21; branchlets pubenilous, leaves 
 elliptic-lanceolate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath bearded, stipules 
 broad-subulate, flowers fascicled, filaments' very short, tip of connective 
 short broad. Pentaloba zeylanica, Am. in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii. 543. 
 
 Malabar, Herb. Wight. ; Cochin, Johnstone ; Ceylon, in the Katnapoora district, 
 Gardner, &c. 
 
 Very closely allied to A. hengalensis and perhaps a variety of it, but the branchlets 
 are puberulous, the stipules broader, the leaves more obscurely serrulate, the flowers on 
 shorter pedicels, that are crowded on stout peduncles, and the petals are more linear.— 
 A. obtusa, Korth., and A. Brownii, Korth., come very near to this and A. bengalensis. 
 
 4. A. Wallichiana, H.f. <k T. ; quite glabrous, leaves petioled large 
 linear- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils 
 beneath not bearded, flowers 2-3 together axillary peduncled quite glabrous. 
 Pentaloba macrophylla. Wall. Cat. 4024. 
 
 Penang, Porter. 
 
 Branches stout. Leaves 7-12 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, shining, yellow when dry ; nerves 
 strong, many, arching ; petiole stout, ^-f in. Stipules 4-|in., linear-lanceolate, glabrous. 
 Peduncles ^-2^ in., usually 2 together, glabrous, with many small ovate-subulate basal 
 bracts and bracteoles. Flowers \ in. diam , erect. Sepals ovate, acute, very rigid, 
 glabrous. Petals ovate-oblong, rigid, twice as long as the sepals. Disk cupular, mem- 
 branous, entire or obscurely 5-lobed. Filaments subulate, flattened, dilated below, 
 adnate to the disk; anthers oblong, cells gibbous at the outer base, tip of connective 
 suborbicular broader than the cells. Ovary globose ; style glabrous, short, stigma 
 truncate 3-lobed ; ovules 6. Capsule ^ in. , glabrous. 
 
 5. A. racexnosa, IT./. <^ T. ; glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate 
 acuminate serrulate, nerve-axils beneath not bearded, petiole puberulous, 
 flowers in erect axillary racemes, filaments subulate. 
 
 Assam, Herb. Griffith. 
 
 Branches strict, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1J-1| in., rather oblique, membranous, base 
 subacute; nerves slender, arching; petiole | in., slender. Stipules -^^ in., ovate, acumi- 
 nate. Racemes 2-3 in., simple, erect, strict, stout, flowering throughout their length; 
 bracteate and 2 bracteolate at the base of each short pedicel; bracts like the stipules, 
 persistent, bracteoles minute. Flowers horizontal, | in. diam. Sepals ovate, sub- 
 ciliate. Petals twice as long, oblong, obtuse. Filaments subulate, connate at the base 
 with the disk into a cup, glabrous ; anthers ovate, tip of connective broad, subacute, cells 
 hairy at the base. Ovary 6-ovuled. 
 
 ** Ovary and style pubescent or tomentose. 
 
 t Leaves glabrous or nearly so. 
 
 6 A. Griffithii, //./. t& T. ; branchlets and petioles puberulous, leaves 
 elliptic-oblong acuminate serrulate glabrous, nerve-axils beneath bearded, 
 flowers fascicled on short branched peduncles, filaments very short, tip oi 
 connective broad orbicular. 
 
 BiRMA, near the Serpentine mines in the Hookoom valley, Griffith. 
 
 Branches stout. Leaves 8-10 by 3-4 in., shining above, midrib beneath with a few 
 short hairs or glabrous; petiole ^ in., stout. Stipules | in., oblong-lanceolate, hard, 
 pubescent. Peduncles clustered, very stout. Flowers crowded, ^ in. diam., pubescent. 
 Sepals broadly ovate, half as long as the petals. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Flaments very 
 short ; anthers with a short spur at the outer base of each cell, and a very large orbi- 
 cular membranous ciliolate tip to the connective, which is broader than the anther. 
 Ovary and style hairy. — This resembles a Philippine Island species (Cuming, n. 1074) 
 which has glabrous flowers, also the A. macrophylla^ Don (of Timor) which has an 
 acuminate tip to the connective. 
 
188 XIII. viOLACEiE. . (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Alsodeia. 
 
 7. A. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 4023 (Pentaloba) ; glabrous, leaves narrow- 
 lanceolate acuminate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath unbearded, 
 flowers in short cymes pubescent, filaments longer than the anthers, tip of 
 connective subulate. Vareca lanceolata, Hoxb. Ft. hid. i. 648. 
 
 Penang, Jack., Porter, &c. 
 
 An erect shrub. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in., smooth and shining on both surfaces, sub- 
 sessile, base narrowed. /Stipules \ in., subulate from a broad base, or lanceolate, gla- 
 brous. Flowers pale yellow, shortly pedicelled. /Sejyals ovate^-obtuse. Petals twice 
 as long, linear-lanceolate, subacute. Filaments glabrous, adnate to the 5-lobed disk; 
 anthers ovate, contracted into the acuminate tip of the connective. Ovary and style 
 densely villous. Capsule 4 in., pubescent or glabrate, several-seeded. 
 
 8. A. BXaing'ayi, //. /. <i: T. ; glabrous, leaves subsessile elliptic or 
 elliptic-lanceolate or obovate-oblong shortly acuminate serrulate, nerves 
 strong, axils beneath not bearded, flowers in peduncled axillary cymes 
 crowded pubescent, sepals oblong, stamens tomentose. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Main^ny. 
 
 A tree? Leaves very variable in size and shape, the longest narrow-lanceolate, 10 
 by 2 in. ; the broadest 5. by 3 in., shortly oblong tending to become obovate, often some- 
 what oblique, base rounded or acuminate, young pilose ; nerves many, strong, arching 
 and inosculating within the margin. Stipules \ in., subulate-lanceolate. Cymes with 
 stout glabrous peduncles 4-1 in- long, dichotoiuously branched. Flowers ^ in. diam., 
 sessile or pedicelled. Sepals broadly oblong, ciliolate. Petals rather longer, obtuse, 
 bearded down the centre on both surfaces. Filaments adnate to the cup-shaped 10-lobed 
 disk, broad, stout, tomentofee within ; anthers small, ovoid, connective pubescent, with 
 a glabrous short obtuse membranous tip. 
 
 tt BrancMets and leaves tomentose. 
 
 9. A. mollis, //./. & T. ; softly tomentose, leaves obovate- or oblong- 
 lanceolate acuminate obscurely toothed, flowers in dense axillary tomentose 
 cymes, outer sepals large orbicular, filaments pubescent above. 
 
 Tenassekim, Griffith, Heifer. 
 
 A shrub, branches and leaves thickly tomentose beneath with short spreading hairs. 
 Leaves 6-10 by 2-24 '"•» «cute or acuminate, often oblique, membranous, pubescent 
 above with a tomentose midrib ; petiole ^ in. Stipules \- 1 in., subulate-Iam-eolate, 
 pilose. Cymes peduncled or subsessile. Flowers ^ in. diam., subsessile, crowded, 
 ochreous. Sepals very unequal, inner oblong. Petals narrow, erect, rigid, with revo- 
 lute tips, hairy upwards. Filaments inserted on the cupular 10-15-lobed disk; anthers 
 shorter, ovate, narrowed into the short acute tip ol the connective. Ovary 6-ovuled. 
 Ca2)sule 4 in., densely pubescent. — Very near A. dusycaula, Miquel, of Sumatra, but 
 much more densely tomentose. 
 
 10. A. echinocarpa, Kortlials. in Ned. Kruidh. Arch. i. 359 ; densely 
 tomentose, leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate long acuminate usually 
 coarsely toothed, flowers in densely tomentose axillary cymes, outer sepals 
 oblong, capsules thickly clothed with felted brown-tomentose branched 
 fibres. Miqivel Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 116. Medusa auguifera, Lour. Fl. 
 Cock. 406. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Cochin-China. 
 
 Very similar to ^-1. mollis in foliage, stipules, and structure of the flowers, disk, sta- 
 mens and ovary, but the leaves are shorter-petioled and usuully more deeply toothed, 
 the cymes shorter, the sepals all oblong, filaments glabrous, and the fruits form spherical 
 balls 1 -2 in. diam. of matted bi'anched filaments which arise from the capsule, whose 
 valves are | in. long, Seeds few, large. 
 
Alsodeia,] xiii. vioLACEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 189 
 
 Sect. III. Scyphellandra, Thwaites (Gen.). Stamens included; an- 
 thers free. Disk reduced to 5 scales, one at the back of each anther. 
 
 11. A. virgrata, Thwaites (Scyphellandra) ; twigs pubescent with curled 
 hairs, leaves small petioled ovate or oblong toothed glabrous obtuse at 
 both ends. 
 
 Hot dry parts of Ces-lon, Thwaites. 
 
 A small shrub. Leaves very variable, J-lJin. ; petiole pubescent. Stipules minute, 
 lanceolate. Flowers subsolitary, axillary, peduncled or subsessile, ^ in, diam., whitish. 
 Petals sessile, linear-oblon£?, twice as long as the broadly ovate obtuse ciliolate sepals. 
 Anthers subsessile, tip of the connective petaloid, much exceeding the cells, ovate, sub- 
 acute. Ovary small glabrous ; style slender, stigma minutely 8-lobed ; ovules one on 
 each placenta. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds subglobose. 
 
 Order XIV. BIXINEiE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate ; stipules minute or 0. Inflorescence 
 various. Flowers regular, 1-2-sexual. Sepals 4-5, rarely 2-6, imbricate, 
 free or connate and bursting irregularly, usually deciduous. Petals 4-5 or 0, 
 imbricate or contorted in bud, deciduous. Stamens usually hypogynous ; 
 anthers 2-celled, bursting by slits or pores. Disk thickened, often glandular. 
 Ovary 1-, rarely several-celled ; style and stigiuas free or united ; ovules 
 parietal, amphitropous or anatropous. Fruit dry or fleshy, indehiscent or 
 valvular, valves bearing the seeds in the middle. Seeds arillate or testa 
 
 Eulpy, albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, cotyledons foliaceous often cordate. — 
 liSTRiB. Chiefly tropical ; genera 30 ; species 160. 
 
 Tribe I. Bixese. Petals broad, contorted, without a scale or basal ap- 
 pendage. Anthers bursting by pores or short slits. 
 
 Capsule almost 3-5-celled. Leaves compound 1. Cochlospermum. 
 
 Capsule 2-valved. Leaves simple 1* Bixa. 
 
 Tribe II. Flacourtieee. Petals small, imbricate or 0. Anthers short, 
 bursting by slits. 
 
 Flowers 2-sexual. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite ... 2. Scolopia. 
 
 Flowers 2-seximl. Petals 5-6. Stamens 5-6 3. Erythrospermum. 
 
 Flowers usually dioecious. Petals 0. Ovary 2-8-celled . . 4. Flacourtia. 
 
 Flowers dioecious. Petals 0. Ovary 1-celled. Seeds glabrous 5. Xylosma. 
 
 Flowers dioecious. Petals 0. Ovary 1-celled. Seeds hairy 6. Aberia. 
 
 Tribe III. Pang'ieaB. Flowers dioecious. Petals with an adnate scale 
 or basal appendage. 
 
 Sepals connate. Stamens very many . 7. Gynocardia. _^' 
 
 Sepals connate. Stamens 5 8. Trichadenia. 
 
 Sepals free. Stamens 5-8 9. Hydnocarpos. 
 
 1. COCKZiOSPERMUIVI, Kunth. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, juice yellow or red. Leaves digitately lobed or divided. 
 Flowers large, yellow, 2-sexiial. Sepals 5, deciduous. Petals 5, large, con- 
 torted in bud. Stamens many, on an eglandular disk ; anther-cells with 
 pores or short slits. Ovary globose, almost 3-5-celled ; style simple, stigma 
 toothed ; ovules very many, on 3-5 parietal placentas. Capsule 3-5-valved, 
 endocarp membranous. Seeds cochleate; testa hard, woolly; embryo 
 curved. — Disteib. About 11 species, all tropical. 
 
190 XIV. BIXINEJ3. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Cochlospermum. 
 
 1. C> G-ossypium, DC. Prodr. i. 527 ; leaves palmately 3-5-lobecl 
 tomentose beneath, lobes acute entire. Wall. Cat. 1S43 ; Wight in. Hook. 
 Bot. Misc. il 357, Suppl, t. 18 ; W. & A. Prodr. 87 ; Planch, in Hook. Kew 
 Journ. Bot. vi. 306. Bombax gossypium, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 169. 
 ' Dry hills Garwhal, Bundelkund, Behae, Orissa and the Dekkan; also com- 
 mouly planted near temples. 
 
 A small naked tree ; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3-8 in. diam., old glabrous ; 
 petiole slender. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., in few-flowered terminal panicles, golden yellow. 
 Sepals silky. Petals obovate, notched. Capsule 2-3 in., 5-lobed. 
 
 1* BZXA, Linn. 
 
 A tree. Lmve^ simple ; stipules minute. Flowers in terminal panicles, 
 2-sexual. Sepals 5, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, contorted in bud. 
 AntJiers opening by 2 terminal pores. Ovary 1-celled ; style slender, curved, 
 stigma notched ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Camulp loculici- 
 dally 2-valved, placentas on the valves. Seeds many, fuuicle thick, testa 
 pulpy ; albumen fleshy ; embryo large, cotyledons flat. 
 
 B. Orellana, L.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 31 ; W. c6 A. Prodr. 31. (Anatto.) 
 
 Cultivated throughout India, and the tropics generally, for the red dye afforded by 
 the testa. — Native of America. 
 
 A small evergreen tree. Leaves 4-8 by 2^-5 in., cordate, acuminate, glabrous; 
 petiole slender, 2-3 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., purple or white. Capside Ij in., ovoid 
 or subglobose, base intruded, softly prickly. 
 
 2. SCOZ.OPZA, Schreber. 
 
 Trees, spinous in India, spines often compound. Leaves alternate, entire ; 
 stipules minute or u. Flowers small, racemed, axillary, 2-sexual. Sepals 
 4-6, slightly imbricate in bud. Petals 4-6, subsimilar, imbricate in bud. 
 Stamens many; anthers ovoid, opening by slits, connective produced. 
 Ovary 1-celled ; style erect, stigma entire or lobed ; ovules few, on 3-4 
 parietal placentas. Berry 2-4-seeded. Seeds \vith. long funicles, testa hard' 
 cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. Species about 16 ; Australian, Asiatic, and 
 African. 
 
 1. S. rhinanthera, Clos. in Ann. So. Nat. Ser. 4, viil 252; leaves 
 lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate crenulate 6-plinerved, petiole 2-glandular at 
 the top, racemes pubescent, sepals and petals 4 each, fruit pisiform 2-6- 
 seeded. Miqml Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 107. Fhoberos rhinanthera, Benn. 
 PL Jav. Rar. 187, t. 39. P. macrophylla, W. & A. Prodr, 30. Flacourtia 
 inermis. Wall. Cat. 6673 G^ //, only. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. — Di«trib. Java, Borneo, 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-6 by l|-24 in., coriaceous, shining, base rounded or acute, teeth 
 glandular; petiole 4 in. Racemes Z-A\n.\ flowers 1- or more-bracteate. Sepals downy. 
 Petals twice as long, glabrous, ciliate. Connective of authers glabrous. Ovary 
 globose. 
 
 2. S. Roxburgrhii, Clos. I.e. 250 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate 
 subcrenate glabrous 3-5-plinerved at the base, petiole 2-glandular at the 
 top or not, racemes softly pubescent, sepals and petals 6 each, fruit olive- 
 formed. Aliq. Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 107. Phoberos Koxburghii, Benn. PL 
 Jav. Rar. 192. Ludia spinosa, Ro:id}. FL Ind. ii. 507. Flacourtia stigma- 
 rota, Wall. Cat, 6678, in part. 
 
Scolapia.] xiv. bixine^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 191 
 
 Mergui, Griffith. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 Spines on trunk compound. Leaves 4-5 by 14-2| in., coriaceous, shining above; 
 petiole ^-\ in. Eacemes axillary, 1 in. ; flowers yellow, solitary, bracts deciduous. Dish 
 pubescent. Connective ciliate. 
 
 3. S. crenata, Clos. I.e. 250 ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely 
 or acutely acuminate subcrenate glabrous obscurely 3-5-plinerved, petiole 
 |-| in., racemes axillary glabrous or puberulous, sepals and petals 5-6 each, 
 fruit globose green (dry size of a cherry). S. pseudo-crenata, acuminata, 
 chinensis, lanceolata, and crassipes, Clos. I.e. S. sseva, Hance in Ann. Sc, 
 Nat. Ser. 4, xviii. 182. Phoberos crenatus, W. (h A. Prodr. 29; Dalz. <k 
 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11. P. lanceolatus and P. Wightianus, W. (& A. Prodr. 30. 
 P. acuminatus, Hookerianus, and Arnottianus,.7^^^^;a^^es Mnum. 17 and 400. 
 Flacourtia sapida and crenata, Wall. Cat. 6675 //, 6679. 
 
 Malabar, Canara, Maisob, and Ceylon, in hilly districts. — Distrib. China and 
 Philippines. 
 
 Branches of young trees armed, of old unarmed. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in., base acute, 
 teeth glandular, shining above, pale and reticulate beneath ; petiole J-^ in. Racemes 
 1-3 in., terminal flowers at times corymbose; bracts deciduous; pedicels 1-3-flowered. 
 Connective of anthers glabrous. — Excessively variable. S. dasyanthera, Bennett, united 
 with this by Clos, is a different species. 
 
 4. S. G-aertnerl, Thwaites Enum, 400; leaves oblong to orbicular obtuse 
 or acute glabrous, petiole very short, racemes simple, sepals and petals 
 5 each, fruit pisiform red fleshy. S. pusilla, Moon. Gat; Clos. I.e. 251. 
 Limonia pusilla, Goertn. Fruct. i. 279, t. 58, f. 4. 
 
 Ceylon, from the sea coast to 1500 ft. 
 
 A tree, spines compound on the trunk, simple or on the branches. Leaves 1-3 by 
 \-2 in., coriaceous, base rounded cordate or subacute, thin, reticulate on both surfaces; 
 petiole jTj-^ in. 
 
 3. ERYTKROSFERMUIMC, Lamarck. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire. Flowers racemed fascicled 
 or panicled, 2-sexual. ISepals 4-6, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-6, usually 
 small. iStamens 4-6 ; anthers lanceolate-sagittate, connective dilated. Ovary 
 1-celled ; style short, stigma entire or 3-4-fid ; ovules many, on 3-4 pa- 
 rietal placentas. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-valved ; valves bearing the seeds 
 on the middle. Seeds few, testa coriaceous or fleshy ; embryo incurved. — , 
 Distrib. Species 6, all Mascarene but the following. 
 
 1. S. phytolaccoides, Gard. in Cole. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 9; gla- 
 brous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or subserrate, flowers 
 5-merous. Thwaites Enum. 18. 
 
 Ceylon, in the Ambamagowa and Katnapoora districts. 
 
 A tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves 3^-8 by 1 4-3 in., shining above, base acute ; petiole ^-| in. 
 Racemes axillary and terminal, simple or panicled, many-flowered. Flowers ^ in. diara., 
 white. Sepals ovate, obtuse, equalling the ovate-oblong ciliate petals. Anthers larare, 
 on very short filaments. Capsule globose, 3-4-valved, 4 in. diam., 1-2-seeded. Seeds 
 globose ; testa red. 
 
 4. FZ.ACOUB,TZA, Commers. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, often spinous. Leaves toothed or crenate. Flowers 
 small, dicecious, rarely 2-sexual. Sepals 4-5, small, imbricate. Petcds 0. 
 Stamens many; anthers versatile. Ovary on a glandular disk; styles 2 or 
 
192 XIV. BixiNE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Flacourtia. 
 
 more, stigmas notched or 2-lobed ; ovules usually in pairs on each placenta. 
 Fruit indehiscent, endocarp hard, with as many cells as seeds. Seeds obo- 
 void, testa coriaceous; cotyledons orbicular. — Distrib. About 12 species, 
 natives of the Old World, some are cultivated in various tropical countries. 
 After a long study of extensive suites of specimens, we find ourselves quite unable to 
 distinguish the forms of several species of this genus, and especially of 5, 6, 7, and 8, 
 which are all excessively variable. 
 
 * Leaves usually more or less lanceolate and acuminate. 
 
 1. P. sumatrana, Planch, mss. in Herb. Hook.; unarmed, leaves ob- 
 long acuminate base cordate glabrous obtusely gland-serrate, nerves be- 
 neath pubescent, lowest close-set, flowers racemed dioecious, stigmas 2-lobed. 
 Wall. Cat. 6678 A, in part. ? Ludia fcBtida, Moxb. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer. — Distkib. Sumatra. 
 
 Young branches only pubenilous. Leaves 5-10 by 2\-A\ in., thin, coriaceous, shining 
 above ; petiole \-\ in., and midrib below pubescent. Racemes axillary, fascicled, short. 
 Disl- ciipular. Ovary 4-7-celled ; styles 4-7. Fruit small, oblong, 
 
 2. r. Inermls, Roxh. Cor. PI. iil 16, t. 222 ; Fl. Ind. iil 833 ; unarmed, 
 leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate obtusely serrate 
 glabrous, flowers 2-sexual in fascicled pubescent racemes, stigmas 2-lobed. 
 Jack. Mai. Misc., and in Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 289 ; Wall. Cat. 6(573, exd. 
 G, H, I ; W. dh A. Prodr. 29. ? F. quintuplinervis, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 
 xxxvi. 353. 
 
 SiMiET, Singapore, Penano, Jack, &c., cultivated in India. — Distrib, Sumatra. 
 
 Young branches pubenilous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3^ in., base acute or rounded shining, 
 thin, coriaceous, midrib below pubescent; petiole ^-^ in. Disk covered with fleshy 
 orange glands. Ovary 5-celled, cells 2-ovuled; stigmas 4-8, 2-lobed. Fruit size of a 
 cherry, red, acid, pyrenes 8-10, 
 
 3. F. xnontana, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 10 ; branches spinous, flowering 
 unarmed, softly pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely 
 acuminate crenate glabrous above hairy beneath, base 3-5-plinerved, flowers 
 dioecious in fascicled densely pubescent racemes. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10. 
 F. inermis, Mi(j. PI. Holien. not Roxburgh. 
 
 Canara and Concan, Dalzell, &c. 
 
 A very thorny tree. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3^ in., coriaceous, base rounded or acute, 
 shining above, glabrate beneath when old; petiole ^ in., and costa beneath tomentose, 
 ZHsk of (J glandular. Fruit slightly acid, size of a cherry. — There is another F. mon- 
 tana, of Zippel (Linnsea xv. 176) I'rom Timor. 
 
 4. P. mollis, H. f. d: T. ; flowering branches softly pubescent, leaves 
 oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate-tootlied glabrous 
 except the midrib above downy beneath, flowers dioecious ^ in racemes 
 almost umbellate. 
 
 Tenasserim, Griffi,t.h, Heifer. 
 
 A tree ; bark smooth, grey. Jjcaves 4-6 by 1 4-2 in-, base rounded or acute, penni- 
 nerved ; petiole { in, Fl. ^ and fruit unknown, 
 
 - 5. P. Rukam, Zoll. do Mm-itz. Verz. 33; unarmed, young branches 
 pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, quite glabrous acute or 
 acuminate coarsely glandular-crenate, flowers dioecious umbelled, stigmas 
 6-8 capitate emarginate. Clos in xinn. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viil 216; Miq. Fl. 
 Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 104. F. cataphracta, Blume Bijd. 55 {not of Roxb). 
 
 Malacca or Mergui, Griffith. — DiaTRiB. Philippine Islands. Much culiivated^for 
 its fruit. 
 
Flacourtia.] xiv. BixiNEiE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 193 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-5 by lJ-2 in., firm, coriaceous, base acute or rounded, penni- 
 iierved ; petiole ^ in. Umbels fascicled, 4-flowered, subsessile, pubescent. /Styles erect, 
 remote. Fruit size of a large cherry. 
 
 6. r. Cataphracta^ Boxb. in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 830 ; Cor. PI ill. t. 222 ; 
 FL Ind. iii. 834 ; branches white-dotted glabrous young armed, leaves oblong 
 or oblong-lanceolate long acuminate quite glabrous crenate-serrate, flowers 
 dioecious in irregular glabrous racemes, stigmas 4-6 capitate. Wall. Cat. 
 6674 {exd. C) ; Clos I.e. {jiot of Roth., Bliime or Dalzell ?). F. Jangomas, 
 Miq. Stigmarosa Jangomas, Lour. Roumea Jangomas, Spreng. Spina 
 spinarum, Rumph. Amb. Cap. 43, p. 38, xix. t. 1, 2. 
 
 From Lower Bengal and Assam to CHrrTAGONO, Malacca, and Singapore. — 
 DiSTRiB. Malay Islands, China. — Commonly cultivated. 
 
 A small tree ; spines compound. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1| in., membranous, lower on the 
 branches often obtuse ; petiole \-^ in. Ovary flask-shaped, neck contracted. Flowers 
 very small, yV"8 ^^- d'^m. Fruit the size of a small plum, purple, very acid. — Clos 
 errs in considering this a native of Africa ; Bojer (Hort. Maur.) attributes it to India, 
 and Eoxlniigh gives it a well-known Bengali name (Paniala). The description in the 
 Bombay Flora is too brief for identification. 
 
 ** Leaves usually oblong chovate or orbicular, obtuse or obtusely pointed^ 
 rarely ellipti/:-lanceolate. 
 
 7. P. Raxnontchi, VHerit. Stirp. 59, t. 30, 31 ; armed, branchlets 
 glabrous or pubescent, leaves very variable elliptic-oblong obovate or sub- 
 orbicular, obtusely serrate or crenate, flowers dioecious in short branched 
 glabrous racemes, stigmas 5-1 1 free or connate. W. (b A. Prodr. 29 ; JJalz. S 
 Gibs. Bomb. FL 10. 
 
 Common throughout India, wild or cultivated. — Distrib. Madagascar, the Eastern 
 Archipelago. 
 
 W^ are quite unable to define the various forms brought together under the names of 
 F. Bamontchi and sapida, and which include either several species, or one that 
 spreads all over India, and varies much, presenting however the following principal 
 varieties or species. 
 
 Var. 1. Bamontchi proper; leaves glabrous 2-3 in. membranous elliptic ovate or 
 oblong coarsely crenate, racemes very slender glabrous or nearly so. F. Ramontchi, 
 Wall. Cat. 6677 ; Wight Cat. 108 ; Ic. t. 85; Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr. i. 120.— Common 
 in the Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 2. sapida; leaves 1-2 in. membranous or coriaceous glabrous or pubescent on 
 the costa beneath and petiole elliptic broadly oblong cuneate-obovate or suborbicuhir, 
 peduncles stouter pubescent. — F. sapida, Boxb. Cor. Fl. i. t. 69 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 835 ; 
 W. & A. Prodr. 29 ; Wall. Cat. 6675 C— Common in the Western Ghauts and else- 
 where in the Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 3. latifolia; branches robust glabrous, leaves large 3-5 in. glabrous, coriaceous 
 broadly elliptic-oblong or orbicular, costa below and petiole puberulous, nerves strong 
 very oblique, racemes very short pubescent, stigma sessile. — Carnatic, Nilgherries. 
 
 Var. 4. occidentalis ; branchlets petioles leaves often beneath and sometimes above 
 and racemes tomentose or velvety, leaves 1-2 in. broadly oblong orbicular or obovate 
 rarely elliptic or ovate, base rounded cuneate or cordate. — Probably a distinct species. 
 Wall. Cat. 6675, excl. B, C, H, & K. ?F. Perottetiaua, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, 
 viii. 218. — From Behar and the Dekkan, northward and westward to Oude, Eohil- 
 kund, and the Punjab ; abundant — (Beluchistan). 
 
 Var. 5. raccmidifera ; leaves small 1:|-1^ in. membranous glabrous elliptic-oblong 
 crenulate-serrate puberulous, petiole short, flowers very small dioecious in short glabrous 
 erect strict many-flowered racemes ^-1 in. long very slaortly pedicelled, bracteoles broad. 
 — Herb. Madras, Wall. Cat. 6675 K, male flower only; Wight Oat. 107. ?F. sepiaria 
 j8 frondosa, Clos in Ann. /Sc. Nat. tier. 4, viii. 217. — A very curious form, or probably 
 
 VOL. I. Q 
 
194 XIV. BixiNEiE. (Hook. f. Sc Thorns.) [Flacourtia^ 
 
 different species. Wallich's specimens and four in Wight's Herb, are all we have seen, 
 and these are male. 
 
 8. P. sepiaria, Roxh. Cc/r. PL i. 48, t. 68 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 835 ; shrubby, 
 very thorny, thorns usually bearing flowers and fruit, leaves suiiiU obcor- 
 date obovate or oblong or cuneate-obovate or orbicular crenate-serrate, when 
 old rigid coriaceous and shining, flowers dioecious solitary or few in nearly 
 glabrous racemes, stigmas 3-4. W. <k A. Frodr. 29 ; Wall. Cat. 6676 ; 
 JJcdz. <& Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 11. F. obcordata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 835. H. cor- 
 difolia and rotundifolia, Roxb. Hart. Btmj. 73. Sideroxylon spinosum, 
 WUld. Sp. Pi. i. 1091 ; Rlieede Ilort. Mai, v. t. 39. 
 
 Dry jungles throughout Bengal, the Westekn Peninsula, and Ceylon. — Distrib. 
 Java. 
 
 A very rigid thorny bush. Leaves ^-3 in., usually more or less cuneate at the ba>^e ; 
 when larger and more membranous or more elliptic it is difficult to distinguish this 
 from F. iiamontchi vars. 1 and 2. Flower generally solitary or twin in a very imper- 
 fect raceme, very small. ^Jale sepals ovate, obtuse ; female orbicular. Stigmas 
 usually separate, on very short styles. Drupe size ot a large pea. 
 
 Flacourtia Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6672 is a Scepa. F. nivea, Moon. Cat. 70 is 
 Flueggea hucopyrus, Wt. 
 
 5. XYX.OS»IA, Forster. 
 
 Characters of Flacowtia, but ovary with 2, rarely 3-6 few-ovuled parietal 
 placentas, a usually entire very short style, cai)itate stigma (iu the Indian 
 species) and globose 2-8-seeded berry. — Distrib. Species about 25, natives 
 of all tropical regions. 
 
 1. X. long'lfolium, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 231 ; leaves 
 linear- or elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate obtusely serrate, nerves 
 spreading, ^ flowers in short racemes, rarely in long panicles, bracts 
 ovate acuminate. Flacourtia ferox, Wall. mas. in Voigt. Ilort. Suburb. 
 Calc. 84. 
 
 Western Himalaya on the outer rangos, ascending to 5000 ft., from Kumaon, Struck, 
 and Wint., to Marri, Stewart. Assam, at Nowgong and Uowahatty, Jenkins, &c. 
 
 A glabrous bush ; branches rather long, slender. Leaves 4-9 by l\-l\ in , coria- 
 ceous, shining above, base acute, rarely obtuse ; nerves 8-12 on each bide the midrib ; 
 petiole 4-i in. Racemes usually very thort, ^ in., and crowded in the leaf axils, sessile, 
 inany-flowtred, glabrous or puberulous, rarely elongate and branched. Flotrera solitary 
 or fascicled, g in. diam. Berry glabrous, ^ in. diam. — The specimens with panicled in- 
 florescence occur amongst those from Assam. 
 
 2. X. controversum, Chs I.e.; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong 
 (rarely lanceolate) acuminate obtusely serrate, nerves very oblicjue, flowers 
 panicled puberulous, bracts linear-oblong. Flacourtia Cataphracta, Wall. 
 Cat, 6674 0. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich. Khasia hills, Griffith; Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft., H.f. <& T. 
 
 Very near X. longifolium, especially tbe form of that species with panicled male 
 flowers ; best distinguished by the usually shorter (3-6 in.) leaves, often more mem- 
 branous, with invariably very oblique nerves and fewer of them on each side (6-8). 
 The sepals are ecjual or unequal, and the character of the bracts is perhaps not a very 
 good one. The truit is alike iu both. 
 
 3. X. latifolium, H. f. d- T. ; leaves broadly elliptic-oblong obtuse 
 or acute obtusely serrate or subentire, nerves few very oblique, petiole 
 
Xylosma.] xiv. bixine^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 195 
 
 pubescent, <$ flowers in small branched slender pubescent few-flowered 
 panicles, sepals minute orbicular ciliate. 
 
 'Bababooden hills in Maisor, Law, Stocks. 
 
 A large thorny tree, twigs petioles and inflorescence finely downy. Leaves 2—5 by 
 1-24 in., hardly coriaceous, base acute, nerves 4 or 5 on each side, the 2 lower running 
 nearly throughout the blade ; petiole ^-^ in, ^ Panicles | -1 in , very slender, sparingly 
 branched ; bracts linear-ol'long. Fruit very small, about ^ in. diam. with 4 placentas ; 
 style very distinct, stigma capitate 4-lobed. 
 
 6. ABERIA, Hochst. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, often spinous. Leaves entire or toothed, exstipulate. 
 Flowers axillary, dioecious ; (^ subracemose, fascicled, or umbellate, ? soli- 
 tary or fascicled. *b'e/?afe 5-8, tomentose, subvalvate. Petals 0. I>isk of ^ 
 glandular. Stamens numerous; anthers short. O^ary 1-celled ; styles 2-5, 
 short, spreading, stigma notched or truncate ; ovules 2-6 on each of 2-7 pa- 
 rietal placentas. Berry globose, tomentose. Seeds pubescent or t)men- 
 tose, compressed, imbedded in pulp ; cotyledons flat, broad. — Species 5, all 
 but the following African. 
 
 1. A. G-ardneri, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 236 ; leaves ovate 
 elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or toothed pubescent above 
 tomentose beneath. Koumea hebecarpa, Gard. in Calc. Joum. Nat. Hist. 
 vii. 9 ; Thwaites Enum. 18. 
 
 Ceylon, at Condasalle, Maturatte, &c., Gardner, &c. 
 
 A tree, 16-20 ft. ; branches pale, twigs reddish, tomentose. Leaves 2-5 by ^2 in.; 
 midrib and very oblique veins red, base acute or rounded; petiole \-\ in. Flowers 
 ^ in. diam. ; (J urabelled on very short peduncles; $ solitary or few together. Fila- 
 ments equalling the lanceolatp, acute sepals. Styles hairy ; stigmas fimbriate. Fruit 
 1 in. diam. — The name of hebecarpa was not adopted by Clos,. because all the species 
 of Aberia have pubescent fruit. 
 
 7. GVNOCARBIA, R Er, 
 
 A perfectly glabrous tree. Leaves quite entire, i^^oz^/ers axillary or trun- 
 cal, fascicled, dioecious. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed or bursting irre- 
 gularly. Petals 5, with a ciliate scale opposite each. Fh. <$ : Stamens 
 many ; anthers basifixed, linear. Ovary 0. Fl. $ : Staminodes 10-15, 
 villous. Ovary ^ globose, 1-celled ; styles 5, stigmas large cordate ; ovules 
 many, on 5 parietal placentas. Berry subglobose, rind thick, hard, rough. 
 Seeds obovoid, immersed in pulp, testa thick ; albumen oily ; cotyledons 
 flat, subreniform, radicle ovoid. 
 
 1. G. odor£(,ta, R. Br. in Roxh.Gor. PI. 95, t. 299,- quite glabrous, 
 leaves oblong or linear oblong abruptly acuminate shining above. Bennett 
 PL Jav. Ivir. 207. Chaulinoogra odorata, Roxb. Fl. hid. iii. 835. Chil- 
 moria dodecandra, Ilamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 500. 
 
 From SiKKiM and the Khasia hills eastwards to Chittagong, Rangoon, and 
 Tknasserim. 
 
 Branches slender, flexuous. Leaves bifarious, largest 6-10 by 3-4 in., smallest 4-6 
 by lJ-2 in., coriaceous, strongly reticulate beneath ; petiole ^-1 in. Flowers sweet 
 scented, yellowish in very large fascicles on the trunk, solitary or few together in the 
 leaf axils, very variable in size, ^-2 in. diam., the females largest ; peduncles 1-3 in. 
 bracts basal, minute. Calyx coriaceous. Filaments woohy. Fruit 3-5 in. diam. 
 Seeds I in. long. 
 
 02 
 
196 XIV. BixiNE^. (Hook. f. it Thorns,) [TricJiadenia, 
 
 8. TRICHAJDENZA, Thwaites. 
 
 A tall tree. Leaves long-petioled, alternate, coriaceous. Stipules folia- 
 ceous, deciduous. Flovjers in short axillary racemes or i)aiiicles. Calf/xveTy 
 coriaceous. Petals 5, imbricate, with an adnate scale on each. Fl. (^ : 
 stamens 5 ; anthers linear. Fl. ? : Stammoiks 0. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 
 3, very short, stigmas subcapitate ; ovules solitary on 3 parietal placentas. 
 Berry spherical, 1-3-seeded, Seeds large, testa bony, albumen oUy ; coty- 
 ledons foliaceous, rugose. 
 
 1. T. zeylanlca, Thioaites in Ho^k. Kew Joum. Bot.vii. 196, t. 7; 
 Enum. 19 ; leaves oblong acuminate sinuate-toothed finely pubescent on 
 the nerves beneath, racemes tomentose. 
 
 Ceylon ; central province, alt. 3000 ft. Thwaites. 
 
 A very large tree ; branchlets very stout, inflorescence and petioles tomentose. 
 Leaves 5-12 by 2-4 in., base rounded; petiole 2-3 in.; nerves beneath very strong. 
 liacemes 3-5 in. Flowers i iu diam., pale greeu. Fruit 14-3 in.diam. Seed 4-^ in. 
 diam. 
 
 9. KVDNOCASPUS, Gaertner. 
 
 Trees. Leaves alternate, serrate or entire, transverse venules numerous ; 
 stipules deciduous. Flowers solitary or in irregular axillary few-tiowered 
 racemes or fascicles, dioecious. Sepals 5, eiiual or uueiiual, imbricate in bud. 
 Petals 5, with a scale opposite each. Fl. ^ : Stameits 5-8 ; anthers reniform, 
 connective broad. Ovary or rudimentary. Fl. $ : Stamens as in the ^ 
 but without pollen, or reduced to stuminodes. Ovary 1-celled ; stigmas 
 3-6, sessile or subsessile, spreading, dilated, lobed ; ovules many, on 3-6 pa- 
 rietal placentas. Berry globose, rind hard, many-seeded. Seeds many, 
 imbedded in pulp, testa crustaceous, striate, albumen oily ; cotyledons very 
 broad, fiat. — IUstkib. Species about 6, tropical Asiatic. 
 
 1. K. venenata, Gcertn. Fruct, i. 288, t. 60, f. 3 ; leaves lanceolate or 
 oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, flowers \ in. diam. racemed pentandrous, sepals 
 subequal orbicular, scales villous much smaller than the orbicular petals, 
 fruit the size of a walnut. Blame Mas. Bot. i. 15. H. inebrians, Vald Synd). 
 iii. 100 ; DC. Prodr. i. 257 ; Thwaites Enum. 18. 
 
 Ceylon, by banks of river.-<, ascending to 2000 ft. 
 
 A large tree ; branchleis puberulous or silky. Leaves 5-7 by 1-24 in-i obscurely 
 serrate, coriaceous; nerves very oblique; petiole J in., stout, liacemes 1 in. or less, 
 densely tomentose ; buds ^ in. diam. Sepah rather shorter than the petals, ciliate, 
 tomentose on the back. Stamens equalling the glabrous petals. Fruit densely tomen- 
 lose. Seedn grooved, ridges rough. 
 
 2. K. Wig'htiana, Blume Rumph. iv. 22 ; leaves elliptic- or oblong- 
 lanceolate long acuminate entire or serrate, flowers 1 in. diam, racemed 
 pentandrous, 3 inner sepals larger, petals ciliate twice as long as the ovate 
 fimbriate scales, ? flowers with imperfect stamens, fruit the size of a small 
 apple. Blume Mils. Bot. i. 15; Dak. d: Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 11. H. inebrians, 
 
 Wall. Cat. 6670; WiglU III. i. t. 16; Bennett PI. Jav. Ear. 207. Mun- 
 uicksia, Denmtd. Clav. Uort. Mai. — 1 Rlieede Ilort. Malab. i. 65, t. 36 {j'ruit 
 repremnted as rough with large tubefi'des). 
 
 Westekn Peninsula, from the S. Concan alung the coast ranges. 
 A tall tree; twigs usually brn-mi pubescent (raruly glabrate) as are the racemes. 
 Leaves 4-9 by 1^-4 iu., coriaceous or membranous, sometimes deeply obtusely serrate 
 
Hydnocarpus^.\ xiv. bixine^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 197 
 
 ov toothed, base round aeute or subcordate ; petiole J-| in. Floioers solitary or ra- 
 cemed, white. Sepals green, pubescent. Stamens villous at the base, equalling the 
 petals. Ovary densely pubescent. Frmt 2-4 in. diam.^ tomentose. Seeds obtusely 
 angular. 
 
 3. H- alpina, Wight Ic, t. 942 ; leaves elliptic oblong or more or less 
 lanceolate obtusely acuminate or subacute quite entire, flowers 1 in. diam. 
 racemed pentandrous, sepals equal, petals oblong-lanceolate glabrous equal- 
 ling the linear scales, $ flowers with linear oblong obtuse staminodes. 
 
 Moist valleys of the Nilghiri Mts., Wight; Ceylon, Thvmites. 
 
 A tree 70-100 ft. ; twigs glabrous or nearly so. Leaves very variable, young red, 
 old deep green, 4-7 by 14-24 in., glabrous; petiole ^ in. Flowers racemed on very 
 thick branched jointed peduncles and long pedicelled (in the Ceylon specimens), ped'cels 
 1-1 4 in. Stamens shorter than the petals. Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit globose, size cf 
 an apple, brown tomentose. Seeds imbedded in white pulp, testa hard. — Description 
 chiefly from Wight. 
 
 4. K. octandra, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot, vii. 197; Enum. 
 19 ; leaves elliptic or elliptic- or ovate- or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acu- 
 minate quite entire, flowers | in. diam. fascicled octandrous, sepals unequal, 
 petals twice as long as the rounded silky scales, $ fl. with imperfect stamens, 
 fruit 2-3 in. diam. 
 
 Ambamagawa district, Ceylon, alt. 2500 ft., Thwaites^ 
 
 A tree 40-50 ft. ; branchlets tomentose. Lea/oes 3-44 by 1|-1| in., glabrous above, 
 puberulous beneath with stellate hairs and glandular dots ; petiole \-% in. Floroers 
 2-8 in a fascicle ; pedicels \-\ in. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Petals orbicular, concave, 
 ciliate. Stamens exceeding the petals. Ovary oblong ; placentas 4, each 6-ovuled ; 
 stigmas 4. Berry woody, subtoraentose, few or many-seeded. 
 
 5. K. castanea, H. f. & T. ; perfectly glabrous, leaves linear-oblong 
 acuminate red-brown when dry quite entire much reticulated, petiole f-1 in., 
 
 $ flowers f in. diam., sepals equal, scales Ungulate silky equalling the 
 linear-oblong petals, ovary ovoid beaked, fruit as large as an orange. 
 
 King's Island, Andamans, by the sides of torrents, Heifer; Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 A middle-sized tree. Branches stout,, angular, smooth, black when dry. Leaves 
 8-14 bj 2-3^ in., sides at base very unequal, one acute, the other rounded, thickly 
 coriaceous, shining, strongly veined on both surfaces, nerves 6-10 on each side ; petiole 
 |-1 in., much thickened at the top, quite glabrous. Floioers $ (only seen) apparently 
 solitary, axilhuy, sweet-scented ; peduncles | in., and orbicular concave sepals densely 
 rusty-pubescent. Petals longer than the sepals, concave, obtuse quite glabrous ; scales 
 subacute, rigid, narrower than the petals. Staminodes 5, erect, glabmus, oblong, lan- 
 ceolate, obtuse, much shorter than the scales. Ovary villous, contracted into a conical 
 beak ; stigma sessile. "Fruit size of an orange, globose, rugose, brown, angled at the 
 top, flesh granular hard, placentas several. Seeds large angular, testa double, outer 
 subcoriaceous cellular, inner as- thick." Griff, mss. 
 
 There is a Burmese species apparently of this genus collected by Griffith, but in too 
 immature a state for description. 
 
 Order XV. PITTOSPORE-ffi. (By Hook. f. & Thorns.) 
 
 Erect or climbing trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or subverticillate 
 quite entire (very rarely toothed) ; exstipulate. Flowers usually herma- 
 plirodite terminal or axillary. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, 
 imbricate. Torus small. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals ; anthers versatile, 
 
198 XV. PiTTospoRE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 
 
 many, albumen copious ; embryo small, radicle next the hilum. — Distbib. 
 Genera 9 ; species about 90, chiefly Australian. 
 
 1. PZTTOSPORUXa, Banks. 
 
 Erect trees or shrubs. Sepals free or connate below. Petals erect, claws 
 connivent or connate. Stamens 5, erect ; anthers 2-celled, introrse, bursting 
 by slits. Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, incompletely 2-3-celled ; ovules 
 2 or more on each placenta. Capsule 1-celled, woody, 2- rarely 3-valved ; 
 valves placentiferous in the middle. Se<^ds smooth, imbedded in pulp. 
 — DiSTELB. Species about 50, subt;ropical Asiatic, Australian, and Oceanic. 
 
 * Capsule 3-valved, twice as long as broad, 
 
 1. P. grlabratum, LindL in Joum. Hort. Soc. i. 230 ; leaves obovate 
 oblong or lanceolate, flowers in lax terminal corymbs, peduncles glandular- 
 pubescent. — Bentk. Fl. Hongkong, 19. 
 
 Khasia HILL8, in thickets above 4000 ft , Griffith^ &c. — Distrib. Amoy and Hong- 
 kong, 
 
 A strflggling shrub, branches whorled. Leaves 2-4 by §-l| in., glabrous, usmilly 
 acuminate, base acute, white beneath. Flowers | in., pale yellow. Sepals sometimes 
 connate below, ovate, pubescent. Ovary linear-oblong, pubescent, style as long. Cap- 
 sule 1 in. or more, olovoid-oblong, many-seeded. — In Griffith's Herb, there are speci- 
 mens marked as from Sikkim, but probably through misplacement of tickets. Chinese 
 specimens are usually quite glabrous, but the peduncles are now and then downy. 
 
 ** Capsule 2-valved, when ripe broader than long. 
 
 t Leaves and tyranches glabrous {except 3, tetraspermum). 
 
 2. P. humile, //. /. d: T. ; dwarf, leaves lanceolate, racemes subum- 
 bellate few-flowered much shorter than the leaves, sepals obtuse, ovary 
 glabrous. 
 
 Khasia hjlls, banks of the Borpani river, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. tS^ T. 
 
 A small, much branched shrub, 1-2 ft., glabrous. Leaves 1^-24 by |-f in., short- 
 petioled, obtuse or subacute, margins recurved, liacemes ^-1 in., slightly pubescent ; 
 ptdicels ^-\ in., pubescent; bracts as long, linear. Floxrers ^ in., yellow-green. 
 Sepals ^^ in., ovate, obtuse. Petals oblong. Capsule subglobose, scarcely compressed, 
 2-valved. 
 
 3. P. tetraspermum, W. d.- A. Prodr. 154 ; leaves broad-ovate to lan- 
 ceolate acute, flowers in terminal many-flowered umbels, rays short simple 
 or 2-fid, sepals ovate acute ciliate, ovary tomentose. \\ ight Ic. t. 971 
 (stigma bad). 
 
 ^iLGUiKi Mts. ; and Ceylon, central province, alt. 5-7000 fl. 
 
 A large shrub or tree; branches often umbelled, young puberulous. Leaves 14-4 
 by §-2 in., glabrous, shining above, pale below, coriaceous, acute at both ends. Vmiels 
 sessile or shortly peduncled, rays many, J^ in., short, bracteolate, glabrous or pubescent. 
 Flowers ^ in. long, yellow-green. Style glabrous, 2-lobed. Capsule globose, glabrous, 
 2-valved, 4-seeded. — Very closely allied to P. nilghirense. 
 
 4. P. nilg-hirense, W. & A. Prodr. 154 ; leaves broad-ovate oblong or 
 lanceolate, flowers in slender glabrous terminal 3-8-flowered corymbs, sepals 
 ovate acute subciliate, ovary tomentose. WiglU III. i, t. 70. 
 
Piteosporu7n.] xv. pittospore^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 199 
 
 NiLGHiKi Mts.,- above 5000 ft. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 1-4 by |-2 in., acute or obtuse, shining above, thinly coria- 
 ceous, base tapering. Corymbs several together; pedicels ^-{ in., spreading; brac- 
 teoles minute, subulate. Style glabrous. Capsule subglobose, subcompressed, 2-valved, 
 6-seeded. — Very closely allied to states of the African F. Senacia, Putt. 
 
 5. P. Ceylanicum, Wight III. 173; leaves narrow-obovate, flowers in 
 terminal peduncled or compound corymbs, sepals ovate acute subciliate, 
 ovary pubescent. Thwaites Enum. 68 iexd. most syii.). 
 
 Ceylon ; in the Oova district, alt. 3-5000 ft. 
 
 A small tree ; branches leafy, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by f-l| in., obtuse or subacute, 
 base tapering; petiole \-^,\n. Peduncles several, 2-3 in., glabrous; bracteoles small, 
 ovate, at the base of the pedicels. Flowers ^ in., greenish-white. Style glabrous. 
 Capsule subglobose, compressed, 2-valved. — An imperfectly known species which turns 
 black in drying. 
 
 6. P. floribundum, W. & A. Prodr. 154 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- 
 lanceolate acute or acuminate, margins waved, flowers small pubescent in 
 much-branched terminal compound corymbs, sepals ovate, ovary pubescent. 
 Rotfle III. 77 ; Wall. Cat. 8127 ; Dab. & Gibs. Bomb.. Fl. 44. % P. densi- 
 florum, Putterl. Monog. 9.. Senacia nepalensis, DC. Prodr. i. 347. Celastrus 
 verticillata, Eoxb. FL Ind. 624, Ed. Wall. ii. 391. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, ascending to 5000 ft. Khasia 
 HILLS and MiSHMi ; Western Peninhula, Concan to the Nilghiri Mts. 
 
 A small tree ; branches often umbelied. Leaves 2-8 by 1-3 in., glabrous shining, 
 pale below, coriaceous. Corymbs sometimes leafy below ; branches 1-3 in., spreading, 
 glabrous or pubescent. i^Zow?e?*s numerous, yellow. Sepals obtuse or acute, subciHate. 
 Style glabrous. Capsules pisiform, glabrous, about 6-seeded. — Nilghiri specimens are 
 usually broader and shorter leaved than Himalayan. The African P. Mannii, H. f., is 
 nearly allied, But has a glabrous ovary. 
 
 ft Young branches pubescent or tomentose. Ovarp tomentose in all. 
 
 7. P. dasycaulon, Miguel in Herb. Hohenack. 775 ; leaves lanceolate 
 or oblong-lanceolate glabrous or midrib beneath downy, flowers in dense 
 Tnuch-branched terminal compound tomentose corymbs, sepals ovate acute. 
 
 Westekn Peninsula; hills of Canara [pi. Hohenack.) ; Belgaum, Mitchie; Concan, 
 Gibson. 
 A shrub or small tree; branchlets densely tomentose. Leaves 2^-4 by 1-1 4 in., 
 
 ?ale green when dry, thin, coriaceous, margin subundulate ; young petioles tomento>e. 
 <'hwers white. Sepals ciliate. Anthers bright yellow. Capsule large, compressed, 
 densely tomentose before dehiscence, about 6-seeded. — Flowers much larger than in 
 P. fioribundam ; closely allied to P. abyssinicum, Hochst. 
 
 8. P. eriocarpum, Royle El. 77 ; leaves ovate obovate or broad lan- 
 ceolate obtuse or acute, young floccose on both surfaces, flowers in many 
 compound many-flowered often umbellate corymbs, sepals lanceolate densely 
 tomentose. Wall. Cat. 8129, 8131, 9074. 
 
 Western Himalaya ; in Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 3-7000 ft. 
 
 A small tree; branches subverticillate, spreading; young tomentose. Leaves very 
 variable, 3-8 by 14-24 in., adult pubescent beneath. Peduncles 1-2 in., bracteoles- 
 subulate. Flowers ^ in. long, pale yellow. Ovary tomentose ; style short, glabrous.- 
 Capsules rather large, tomentose, many-seeded, valves woody. 
 
 9. P. ferrug'ineum, Ait. ; DC. Prodr. i. 346 ; leaves lanceolate or 
 oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, young rusty pubescent, flowers very 
 small in many terminal subsimple corymbose racemes, sepals narrow very 
 
200 XV. PiTTOSPORE^. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) [Pittosporum. 
 
 acuminate. Wall, Cat. 8128 ; Benth. Fl. Austral, i. 112. P: ferrugineum 
 and Kumpliii, Putterl. Monog. 7, 8. 
 
 Eastehn Peninsula, from Moiilmein to Sincapore, Wallich, &c. — Distkib. Eastern 
 Aicliipelago, Australia. 
 
 A spreading much branched tree ; yonng branches rusty pubescent. Leaves 2|-4 by 
 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, adult glabrous and shining above, glabrous or pubescent be- 
 neath. Peduncles 1 in., rustv-pubescent. Flowers \ in. l«>ng. gi-ecnish-wliito. Ovary 
 rusty -tomentose ; style vqrj short, glabrous. Capsvle slightly compressed, rough, about 
 4-8eeded. — Aiton's locality (Guinea) is no doubt an error. 
 
 Order XVI. POLYGALE-ffi. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.) 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs, erect or scandent shrubs, or timber trees. 
 Leaves alternate (rarely whorled) or occasionally reduced to settles or (), 
 simple, quite entire. iStiimles 0. Floorers irregular, 2-sexual, 3-bracteate. 
 Sepals 6, unequal, 2 inner often petaloid {wing sepals), deciduous or persis- 
 tent, imbricate in bud. Pefals 5 or 3, distinct, unequal, the inferior usually 
 keel-shaped. Stamens 8 (in Salovumia 4-5, in Trigoniastrnm 5) hypogynons, 
 filaments united into a sheath, more rarely distinct ; anthers opening by 
 terminal pores, rarely by slits. Ovarij free, 1-3-celled ; style generally 
 curved, stigma capitate ; ovules 1 or more in each cell, anatropous. Fruit 
 generally a 2-celled, 2-seeded,h)Culicidal c<ipsule;orindehiscent and 1-seeded, 
 or (in Trigoniastrum) of 3 indehiscent carpels. Seed usually stroi)hiolate, 
 albuminous, , rarely exalbuminous. — Distrib. The whole world except New 
 Zealand, chiefly in warm regions; genera 16 ; species 4of)-500. 
 
 Herbs or (more rarely) erect shrubs. Capsule loculicidal, 2-celled. 
 
 Stamens 8, united ; 2 interior sepals alaeform 1. Polygala. 
 
 Stamens 4-6, united ; sepals petaloid, nearly equal ... 2. Salomoma. 
 Climbing shrubs. 
 
 Stamens 8, united; fruit 1-celled, indehiscent, samaroid . 3. Secuiudaca. 
 Trees or erect shrubs. 
 
 Stamens 5, united ; fruit of 3 samaroid carpels .... 4. Tkiooniastrum. 
 
 Stamens 8, distinct ; fruit 1-celled, not winged .... 5. Xantuoi'hylllm. 
 
 1. POIilTGAXiA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or more rarely shrubs. Zmz'^.s alternate. /S'^'/jo^ usually persistent; 
 2 inner larger, usually petaloid. Petals 3, united at the base with the 
 staminal sheath, the inferior keel-sliaped and generally crested. StamemU, 
 filaments united for their lower half into a split sheath ; anthers opening 
 by pores. Ovary 2-celled ; ovides 1 in each cell, penduh)us. Cajjsule 2- 
 cclled, loculicidal, 2-seeded. Seeds almost always strophiolate and albu- 
 minous. — Distrib. Conterminous with the order, except Tasmania, About 
 250 species. 
 
 Sect. I. Chameebuzus, Tourn. (genus). Shrubs with large hand- 
 some flowers. Cahjx deciduous. Keel crested. Seeds with a large stro- 
 phiole, exalbuminous. 
 
 1. P. arillata, Ilamilt. in Don Prodr. 199; shrubby, leaves lanceolate 
 or oblong-lanceolate, flowers yellow in drooping racemes or panicles. Wall. 
 PL As. liar. t. 100 ; Cat. 4191 ; Griff. iXotid. iv. 535, t. 507 ; Ic. PL Ind. Or. 
 t. 597. Chamsebuxus arillata and paniculata, Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. 
 BoU i. 153, 154. 
 
Polygala.] xvi. polygale^. (A. W. Bennett.) 201 
 
 SuBTROP. and Temp. Himalaya, from Nipal eastward, alt. 2-6000 ft. Khasia Mts., 
 alt. 4-5000 ft. Western Peninsula, Ava, Ceylon. — Distkib. Malayan Arcbipelago, 
 S. China. _ * 
 
 An erect pubescent or nearly glabrous shrub, 4-8 ft. Leaves 4-6 by |-24 in., lan- 
 ceolate obovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate ; petiole ^-^ in. Flowers 4 in. 
 long, in usually panicled racemes ; bracts linear, deciduous. Sepals very unequal, ca- 
 ducous, upper very concave, 2 lower small, ovate; wings very large, ovate, red-purple. 
 Corolla yellow ; keel amply crested, united to the lateral petals for half their length. 
 Capsule \-\ in., broad-reniform, rather tleshy, rugose when dry. Seeds large, globose ; 
 cotyledons fleshy. 
 
 Sect. II. Herbs. Flowers small Calyx deciduous after flowering. Ked 
 not crested. Seeds albuminous. 
 
 2. P. triphylla, Ham. in Don Prodr. 200 ; annual, glabrous, leaves 
 spathulate or elliptic long-petioled, racemes terminal many-flowered 
 leafless. 
 
 Temp. Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; from Sirmore to Sikkim. Khasia Mts., Griffith; 
 Central India, Vicary ; Ava and Bihma, Wallich. 
 
 Stem slender, 2-10 in., erect or ascending, weak. Leaves ^-2^ in., membranous, 
 glabrous, obtuse or subacute, contracted into the petiole. Hacemes 1^-2 in., slender. 
 Flowers -^-^ in.,secnnd; biacts deciduous. Outer sejJals small, ovate, acute; upper 
 larger ; wings petaloid, elliptic, equalling the corolla. Keel liooded, with 2 inflated 
 terminal lobes; lateral petals narrow. Capsule iV^i i"-? orbicular, entire, narrowly 
 winged. Seeds black, slightly hairy ; strophiole galeate, with 2 minute appendages. — 
 Capsules in some (diseased?) Moulmein specimens, with unequal lobes, and irregular 
 much-veined wings. 
 
 Var. 1. triphylla proper ; leaves small orbicular or spathulate, flowers pink. Royle 
 lU. t. 19 D. F. hyalina, Wall. Cat. 4181. Semeiocardium Hamiltonii, Hassk. in Miq. 
 Ann. 31u8. Bot. i. 151. 
 
 Var. 2. glaucescens, Wall. Cat. 4182 (Sp.) ; leaves much larger 1-2 in. elliptic, 
 flowers yellow. P. furcata, Royle 111. t. 19, B, Semeiocardium hyalinum anc^glauces- 
 cens, Hassk. I.e. ^ 
 
 Sect. III. Herbs, sometimes woody at the base. Ccdyx persistent. Keel 
 crested. Seeds albuminous. 
 
 * Bracts persistent, at least till the flower expands. 
 
 t Under sliTuhs. Racemes axillary. Wings petaloid, membranous. Stro- 
 phiole '•l-appendiculate. 
 
 3. P. javana, DC. Prodr. i. 327 ; stems closely pubescent, leaves obovate 
 or obovfite-lanceolatemucronate, racemes many-flowered, bracts triangular- 
 ovate, wings triangular. W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 38 ; Thwaites Enum. 22 ; Hassk. 
 i?i Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 180. P. ceylanic^, Heyne in Wail. Cat. 4183. 
 IP. tinctoria Vahl ; Hassk. I.e. 181. 
 
 Western Peninsula and Ceylox. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A much branched undershrub ; branches stout, strict, erect or spreading, leafy. 
 Leaver f-l^ in., usually obovate and apiculate, finely pubescent on both surfaces; 
 petiole very short. . Jiacemes ^-3-4 in., sessile, stiff, few- or many-flowered, densely 
 pubescent. Flowers ^-4 in. long ; pedicels pubescent ; bracts sma,ll, ovate. Outer 
 sepals suhequal ; wings broadly triangular-ovate, angles rounded, exceeding the orbi- 
 cular notched pubescent shortly stipitate capsule. Seeds very hairy ; strophiole galeate, 
 appendages ovate, equalling the seed. 
 
 4. P. crotalarioides, Ham. in Don Prodr. 199 ; stems villous with 
 spreading hairs, leaves elliptic or oblong-obovate apiculate hairy ciUate, 
 
202 XVI. poLYGALE^. (A. W. Bennett.) \Polygala, 
 
 racemes very short, bracts subulate, wings obovate. DC. Prodr. i. 327 ; 
 ^yall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 185 ; Cat. 4176 ; and /3 pygmaia, Cat. 4176 D (a dimrf 
 form). Royle III. t. 19 C ; Hcisslc. in Miq. Mm. Bot. i. 164. 
 
 Temp. Himalaya, alt. 4-7000 ft., from Chaniba to Sikkim ; Khasia Mts. 
 
 Stems 4-8 in., erect or ascending, leafy. Leavt-s 1-2 in., tip rounded, mucronate or 
 not; petiole very short. Racemes very short, dense- Howe red, rarely tenuinal. Flowers 
 J-^ in. long, very, shortly pedice led; bracts minute. Wivgs vi\i\\ rounded tips, twice 
 as long as the capsule. Capsule broader than long, notched, strongly ciiiate. ISeeds 
 liairy ; strophiole with 2 small ovate appendages. 
 
 tt Herbs. Wings peUiloid^ membranous. Strophiole mtliout aj^peiidayes. 
 
 5. P. abyssinica, Fresen. in Mas. Senk. ii. 273 ; perennial, stems erect, 
 glabrous, leaves narrow-linear, racemes terminal long laxHowered, bracts 
 ovate, seeds covered with long hairs. Oliv. FL Trap. Afric. i. 130. P. Ge- 
 rardiana. Wall. Cat. 4187 ; JJassk. in Aliq. Ann. Mas. i. 173. P. scabra, 
 Edgeiv. in I'rans. Linn. Son. xx. 33. 
 
 SuBTROP. and Temp. Himalaya, alt. 3-8000 ft., from Marri to Kumaon, Jacqne- 
 mont, &c. ; Punjab at Moultan, Edgeworth. — Djstrib. Aftghanistan ; Abyssinia to 
 Natal. 
 
 Branches 8-18 in., very numerous, slender, ascending from a woody stock, twiggy. 
 Leaven ^-^ in., very narrow, acuminate, scarcely peiioled. liacevie 2-6 in., very 
 slender, naked. Flower's \ in. long, secund or subsecund ; bracts caducous, naiTow- 
 ovatc, margins membranous as are the outer sepals. Wiiujs obovate. obtuse, nerved. 
 Capsule o\ioy?iXe, emarginate, narrowly winged. iSeeds densely hairy, hairs longer than 
 the seed ; strophiole galeate. 
 
 6. P. leptalea, DC. Prodr. i. 325 ; perennial, .'^tems erect glabrous, 
 habit of P. abi/.ssinica, but racemes dense-flowered, flowers smaller, seeds 
 silky. Wall. Cat. 4189; Penth. Fl. Austral, i. 139 ; IlassL in Mia. Ann. 
 Mas. i. 173. P. oligophylli^ DC. I.e. 32b; Wall. Cat. 4188. P. discolor, 
 Ham. in Don Prodr. 199. 
 
 SuBTROP. Himalaya, from Kashmir to Nipal; Behar ; Khasia Mts., ascending to 
 4000ft; NiLGniRi Mts.; Rangoon, A va, Ceylon.t-Distrib. Austraha. 
 
 Very similar to P. ahynsiiiica. ^Uvis deeply furrowed. Loirer leaves often oblong- 
 lanceolate. Racemes 1-2 in., naked. Flower ^-\ in., subsecund ; bracts twice as 
 long as the buds, deciduous immediately after the flower expands. Wings much nar- 
 rowed below. tStrop/iiole small galeate. 
 
 7. P. Kohenackeriana, Fisch. ct- Met/. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. iv. 42 ; 
 hoary, stems many short from a perennial stock, leaves oblong lanceolate or 
 obovate-lanceolate obtuse or subacute, racemes short terminal many- 
 flowered, upper outer sepal much the largest obtuse, wings broad elliptic 
 obtuse very membranous, cai)sule very broadly winged. P. Hohenacke- 
 riana var. Stocksiana, Boks. Fl. Orient, i. 472. P. supina var. Hohenacke- 
 riana, Regel PI. Raddi, t. 7, 6, 12. 
 
 Western Punjab, Attock, Vicary; Waziristan, ascending to 3500 ft, Stewart. — 
 DiSTRiB. AffghanistMn and Beluchisian, Persia, Caucasus. 
 
 tStems 2-3 in., much branched from the base, suberect, hoary or pubescent. Leaves 
 ^-| in., pale, hoary, at length glabrous, nerveless. Ractmea \-^ in., subsessile, deiise- 
 ilowered. Flowers drooping, nearly ^ in. long ; pedicels short, bracts small. >Sepals 
 with broad scarious martrins, upper linear-obovate, 2 lateral very small oblong obtuse; 
 wings white, veins very delicate not anastomosing. Capsule ^ in. ; glabrous, orbicular, 
 with a broad membranous wing. Seeds densely silky ; strophiole with 2 appendages. 
 
 8. P. persicaricefolia, DC. Prodr. i. 326 ; annual, erect, leaves linear 
 or elliptic-lanceolate, racemes terminal and extra-axillary, pedicels slender, 
 
Polygala!] xvi. polygale^. (A. W. Bennett.) 203 
 
 bracts subulate, wings broad-obovate. Wall. PL As. Rar. ii. t. 184 ; Cat. 
 4185; Hassk. in Miq. Ann. M21S. i. 176; Oliv. FL Trop. Afric. i. 129. 
 P. Wallichiana, Wight III. i. t. 22 A. P. granulata, Hassk. I.e. 179. P. Bu- 
 chanani, Ham. in Don Prodr. 199. 
 
 Temp, and Subtrop. Himalaya, alt. 5-9000 ft. ; from Simla to E. Nipal. Khasia 
 Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft. ;• Western Peninsula, from the Dekkan to Travaucor. — Distkib. . 
 Trop. Africa and Australia. 
 
 An erect or ascending slightly pubescent very much branched slender herb, 6-16 in. 
 Leaves 1-2 in., flaccid, hardly petioled. Racemes 1-2 in., slender, lax-flowered. 
 Flowers \ in, long ; bracts small, subulate, pedicels curved. Wings orbicular-obovate 
 or elliptic, obtuse, rather longer than the elliptic notched ciliate capsule. Seeds villous; 
 strophiole small, galeate. 
 
 9. P. erioptera, DC. Prodr. i. 326 ; annual, erect or decumbent, leaves 
 linear linear-oblong or obovate, racemes axillary or extra-axillary few- 
 fiowered, wings obliquely oblong, with a strong green midrib. Wall. Cat. 
 4173 A ; Delens. Ic. ISel. iii. 1. 15. P. Vahliana, DC. I.e. 326 ; W.dh A. Prodr. 
 i. 366. P. obtusata, DC. I.e. P. tomentosa, Vahl ex Heyne mss. P. triflora, 
 Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afrie. i 128 {not of Linn.). 
 
 The Punjab; Scinde; Behar; the Western Peninsula ; Ava ; Birma. — Distrib. 
 Arabia, trop. Asia and Africa (St. Vincent, introduced?). 
 
 Very variable in habit ; .branches numerous, erect or spreading from the base, stout 
 or slender, 4-10 in. high. Leaves ^-1 in. long, from obovate or almost obcordate to 
 very narrow-linear. Racemes very short, ^-^ in., few-flowered. Flowers ^—^ in. ; 
 pedicels slender; bracts minute.- Wings always membranous in fruit, glabrous or 
 pubescent, longer than the ovate notched pubescent capsule. Seeds densely hairy ; 
 strophiole laleate and inappendiculate. — Aden specimens have the root so woody as to 
 appear perennial. 
 
 ttt Herbs. Wings herbaceous. Strophiole in- or 3-appendiculate. 
 
 10. P. g'laucoides, Ltnn. {not of Wight) ; stems wiry pubescent ex- 
 cessively numerous from a perennial stock, leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceo- 
 late, racemes extra-axillary with slender peduncles 2-3-flowered equalling 
 the leaves or shorter, outer sepals acuminate, wings oblong acute. DO. 
 Prodr. i. 326; Wall. Cat. 4171. ? P. confusa, Hassk. I.e. 165. 
 
 Ceylon ; on banks at Newera Ellia. 
 
 Stems 4r-8 in., pubescent or pilose. Leaves ^-§ in., glabrous or pilose, usually mu- 
 cronate. Racemes about equalling the leaves. Flowers ^-i in. long ; pedicels slender, 
 sometimes longer; bracts subulate. Outer sepals subequal ciliate; wings green, 
 oblique. Capsule broadly obcordate or didymous. Seeds somewhat curved, slightly 
 hairy ; strophiole half the length of the seed, 3-appendiculate. — The two following forms 
 of this plant are probably distinct species. 
 
 Var. 1. hirsutula, Arn. Pugill. 4 {sp.) ; leaves broadly elliptic-ovate acute flat opaque. 
 P. elongata /3 hirsutula, Thwaites Enum. 22. P. hypoglauca, Hassk. in Miq. Ann. 
 Mus. i. 169. 
 
 Var. 2 ; leaves linear-oblong acute shining nerved. P. rosmarinifolia and mucro- 
 nata, Thwaites Enum. 22. P. arvensis /3, Thwaites I.e. 400. 
 
 11. "P* elong-ata, Klein in Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 879 ; annual, erect or 
 ascending, slender, leaves linear or linear-oblong obtuse acute or mucro- 
 nate, racemes extra-axillary many- flowered longer than the leaves, outer 
 sepals lanceolate acuminate, wings very oblique. Wall. Cat. 4168 ; DC. 
 Prodr: i. 322; W. d: A. Prodr. '^S; Thwaites Emm. ^22; Hassk. in Miq. 
 Ann. Mm. i. 172. P. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4190; W. (k A. Prodr. 38; 
 Hassk. Lc. P. campestris, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Boi. ii. 40 ; Dalz. <Sc 
 
204 XVI. poLYGALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) [Polygala. 
 
 Gibs. Fl. Bomh: 13 {not of Benth.). P. macrostachya and eumekes, Ilassk. 
 I.e. 171, 172. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan southward. Ceylon, Walker. 
 
 Stems 6-10 in., branching from the base, ghibrous pilose or pubescent. Leaves ^-2^ 
 by -\-^\ in., acuminate, margins tl)ickened, costa prominent beneath, upper surface 
 ol'teu shining. .ft«ce»J?« 3-5 in., laxly many-flowered. Flower a ^m, yeWovf \ pedicels 
 slender; bracts minute. Outer sepals subequal ; wings equalling the corolla, falcate, 
 obovate or hatchet-shaped, acute obtuse or acuminate. Capaule didymous, narrower 
 upwards, na"|towly winged, notched, glabrous. Seeds \\\\w\s \ stropliiole. galeate, appen- 
 dages 3, ver^small. — P. Wightiana is tlj^ narrower leaved form. 
 
 12. P. chinensis, Linn.; annual, erect or diffuse, leaves from orbi- 
 cular-oblong or obcordate to narrow linear, racemes short axillary and 
 extra-axillary dense-flowered, flowers horizontal or pendulous, outer sepals 
 small ovate, wings very oblique acute. P. arvensis, Wllld. Sp. PI. iii. 876 ; 
 DC. Prodr. i. 326 ; Roxh. Fl. Lad. iii. 218 ; W. d- A. Protlr. i. 36 ; Thwaites 
 Eaum. 400. ? P. prostata, Willd. I.e. 896 ; DC. I.e. 333. P. Rothiana, W. d' A. 
 Prodr. i. 37 ; Hasak. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 162. P. Tranquel)arica, 
 Mart, ex Hb. Wig lit. 135 ; W. d A. Prodr. i. 37. P. glaucoides, W'ujkt in 
 Wall. Cat. 4171 {^not of Linn.). P. grandiflora, Jib. Wiyhf. ; Wad. Cat. 4175. 
 P. brachystachya, DC. I.e. 326 (jiot of Blnme). P. procumbens, Both. Nov. 
 iS}>. 329 ; DC. I.e. 326. P. e^igua, Uas^. i.e. 173. 
 
 Throughout India, from the Punjab to Pegu, and in the Western Peninsula, and 
 Ceylon. — Distkib. Trop. Asia and Australia. 
 
 A most variable, usually prncumbent, h-afy, rather stout herb ; 3-10 in. high, glabrous 
 or pubescent. Leaves excessively variable, ^-2 in. long, sometimes quite obcordate, at 
 others almost orbicular, rather thick and coriaceous, glabrous, ciliate, hoary, or pubes- 
 cent, margins usually flat, opaque. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, truncate, 
 almost capitate. Floimrs |-^ in. long. Wings longer than the suborbicular notched 
 ciliate narrowly winged capsule, green, falcate, ob>vate, acute, margins membranous. 
 Crest of corolla often small. Seeds silky ; stropliiole with 3 very short appendi^ges. — 
 Linnreus having described the crest as unbeardeil, this was not identified by De CandoUe 
 with Willdenow's arvensis, but was placed in another section of the genus. The speci- 
 mens in the Linn. Herb, are however decisive. It is linked by either intermediate or 
 mimicking forms with various other species. 
 
 Var. trijiora, Linn. (.S)^), racemes elongate, sometimes twice as long as the leaves, 
 lax-flowered. P. mnltibracteata. Wall. Cat. 4174. P. rajuosa. -^6. Wight ; Wall. Cat. 
 4177. P. ciliata, Hb. Wight. P. Kleinii,^//a.«/j. lt,'Mi,i. Ami. Mus. i. 158.— Chiefly 
 in the Western Peninsula. 
 
 Var. brach ystachj/a^J]knne liijd. 59 ( Sp., not of DC.) ; stems very slender prostrate, 
 leaves very narrow glabrous, racemes very sleufier few-flowered, flowers minute, j^j^ in. 
 long. Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 157. Malacca, Griffiih. Western Peninsula ?- 
 (P. glabra, Henne in Herb. Wight.) (Java). — Perhaps a distinct species, the flowers are 
 reiuarkably small and the habit is peculiar. 
 
 13. P. rosxnarinlfolia, W. dh A. Prodi-, i. 37 ; annual, stems many 
 slender erect or decumbent, leaves narrow linear, racemes axillary and 
 extra-axillary short erect few-flowered, flowers shortly pedicelled erect, 
 outer sepals acute, wings obliquely obovate acuminate, capsules ciliate. 
 Thwaites Enum. 22, 400. P. Tranquebarica, Wiykt in Wall. Cat. 4169. 
 %V. Arnottiana, !Stend. Nomencl. 370; llassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 159. 
 P. triflora, Hassk. I.e. 175 {not Linn.). P. linarifolia, Ueyne according to 
 Hassk. I.e. 
 
 Southern parts of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. 
 
 Stums many from the root, 4-18 in., twiggy, pubescent. Leaves \-2 in., glabrous or 
 
Polygala."] xvi. roLYGALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) 205 
 
 pubescent, narrow-linear very rarely oblong or narrowed to the base, erect, or suberect, 
 margin often thickened or recurved, midrib strong. Flowers ^ in. long, few, green, 
 erect, which gives a remarkable habit to the plant. Capsule as in P. chinensis but 
 usually hairy on the surfaqes as well as on the margins. — The erect leaves and flowers 
 seem to afford a good character for this. 
 
 ** Bracts caducous (before flowering). Strophiole 3-appendiculate. 
 
 14. P. sibirica, L. ; stems many slender ascending from a perennial 
 stock, leaves from orbicular to elliptic-lanceolate and linear sliii#ng margins 
 often recurved, racemes axillary and extra-axillary sub-erect laxly few- or 
 many-flowered, outer sepals subequal oblong ovate or lanceolate, crest usually 
 large, wings obliquely oblong or obovate obtuse or acute, capsule rather 
 broadly winged glabrous not ciliate. I)C. Prodr. i. 324 ; Ledeb. Id. 448. 
 P. japonica, i/ow^^. Syd. 8, t 62, f. 1 ; DC Ic ; Bassk, in Miq.Ann. Mm. i. 
 181. P. vulgaris, Thtmb. FL Jap.TH {not of Linn.). P. elegaus. Wall. 
 Cat. 4186 ; Hassk I.e. 176. P. myrsinites, Royle III. t. 19 A. P. Khasiana, 
 Bassk. I.e. 176. P. monopetala, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 27 ; Folyg. sp. 
 3, Grif. ; Notul. iv. 337 ; Ic. PL t. 597. •* 
 
 Temp, and Subtrop. Himalaya, alt. 1-6000 ft. (8000 in Sikkim), from the Punjab 
 and N. W. frontier to Bhotan ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Nilghiri Mts. (var. 1) ; 
 Ceylon (var. 2). — Distrib. China, Japan, Siberia. J 
 
 Very variable, but quite distinct from any other Inaian species, usually best recog- 
 nised by the shining reticulate upper surfaces of the elliptic-lanceolate leaves, and 
 slender extra-axillary racemes, rather large (^-^ in.) and conspicuous erect flowers; but 
 all these characters are excessively variable. /Stems 3-18 in., pubescent. Leaves ^-Jin. 
 Baremes 1-3 in. ; bracts deciduous or persistent. Outer sepals short or long, obtuse 
 acute or acuminate. Wings straight or oblique, membranous or subherbaceous, obtuse 
 or acute, rarely acuminate. Capsules always glabrous, with a broader wing than in 
 P. chinensis. Seeds pilose; strophiole with usually 3 short appendages. 
 
 Var. 1. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 4184 {Sp.) ; stouter, leaves linear oblong coriaceous, 
 midrib stout, margins usually strongly recurved, wings herbaceous acuminate, appen- 
 dages of the strophiole larger. — W. & A. Prodr. i. 38. Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 
 160.^^Pulney and Nilghiri Mts. Obviously a form of P. japonica, from which some 
 specimens are hardly distinguishable. 
 
 ' Var. 2. macrolophos, Has.^^k. in Miq. Ann, Mus. i. 167('Sp.); stems 1-2 ft. very 
 slender, leaves 1-l^in. broadly elliptic or lanceolate subacute flat, nerves obscure, outer ' 
 sepals acuminate, wings herbaceous. P. glomerata and pedunculosa, Thwaites Eaum. 
 400 {not of Lour.). Ceylon, Adam'^ Peak, &c., alt. 4-7000 ft. — A very large form, 
 quite unlike the usual states. 
 
 15. P. telephioides, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 876; annual, stems prostrate 
 sbort leafy, leaves small glabrous often imbricate very thick obovate or 
 oblong obtuse or acute, flowers very small fascicled on very short extra- 
 axillary peduncles, outer sepals acute, wings herbaceous oblique acuminate, 
 capsule glabrous margined not ciliate. DC Prodr. i. 332 ; W. (^ A. Prodr. 
 i. 361 P. serpyllifolia, Poir. Did. v. 499 ; DC I.e. 326. P. buxiformis, 
 Hassk in Miq. Mus. Bot. i. 161. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Carnatic, and Travancor ; Ceylon. — Distrib. Indian Archi- 
 pelago, China, Philippines, 
 
 Stems very many from an annual woody root, not exceeding 2-4 in. high in our numerous 
 specimens from various collectors ; pubescent. Leaves sessile, 4-| in-, margins usually 
 recurved. Flowers ^ in. long. Capsule ^^ in. long and broad, deeply notched, valves 
 margined. Seeds minnte, .silky ; strophiole minutely appendagcd. — A very distinct 
 species, easily recognised by its dwarf stature, the thick short leaves, small flowers and 
 fruit, and glabrous small capsule that is not winged. 
 
206 XVI. POLYGALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) [Polygala. 
 
 16. P. g'lomerata, Lour. Fl. Coch. 426 ; stems tall erect, or ascending, 
 leaves large from broad-ovate and oblong' to elliptic lanceolate and linear, 
 racemes extra-axillary very short, 2-3-flowered, flowers drooping, outer 
 sepals acuminate, wings herbaceous hatchet-shaped acuminate and awned, 
 cai)sule narrowly winged strongly ciliate. DC. PrcKlr. i. 326, P, densiflora, 
 Blume Bijd. 59 ; Hassk. in Miq. Mm. Bot. i. 166. P. depauperata, Wall. 
 Cat. 4180. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, hot valleys of Sikkim, alt. 1-6000 ft. ; Oude ; Assam ; Khasia 
 Mrs., alt. 0-5000 ft. ; Tenassekim. — Distrih. Eastern Archipelago. China. 
 
 Stems many from a woody stock, 1-2 fl. high, densely pubescent, curved. Leaves 
 very variable, 1^-24 in., flat, glabrous or hairy, not veined, sessile or shortly petioled, 
 ponietimes cordate. Racemes scattered, small ; peduncles shorter than the flowers, 
 •which are \-l in. long, green. Outer sfpals subequal, acute, ciliate. Crest very small. 
 Cap-Hule ^ in. oroad and long, 2-lobed. Seeds large, silk}', obovoid ; strophiole with 3 short 
 api)endag^. — Thwaitea' specimen named glumerata resembles it in habit, but differs 
 totally in the capsdip and seed; they no doubt belong to a large state of F.japonica 
 (see var. elata). 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 P. UnarifoUa, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 877 (linearifolia, DC. Prodr. i ^26). 
 _ P. procumbens, Roth. NoV. Sp. 32'.»; DC. Prodr. i. 326.— Ind. Or. 
 P. varians, Mart. DC. I.e. 332. — Bengal. 
 P. umbrosa, Mart. DC. I.e. — Bengal. 
 P. macrojpetala, Hassk. I.e., perhaps P. japonica, var. 2. 
 
 2. SAZ.OMONZA, Lour. 
 
 Leafy diffuse annuals, or (Sect. Epirhizanthes) parasites, with leaves 
 reduced to scales. Flotvers minute, in dense terminal spikes. SejHfls nearly 
 equal, 2 interior somewhat larger. Petals 3, united at the base with the 
 staniinal tube, the inferior keel-shaped, galeate, not crested. Stamens 4-5, 
 filaments united for their lower half into a sheath ; anthers opening by 
 pores. Ovary 2-celled, each cell with one pendulous ovule. Cajmde much 
 compressed laterally, 2-celled, loculicidal, margins toothed. Seeds albu- 
 minous, not or scarcely strophiolate — Distkib. fcjpecies about 8, natives of 
 Eastern tropical Asia and tropical Australia. 
 
 Sect. L Salomonla, DC. Stems leafy. 
 
 1. S. cantoniensis, Lour. Fl. Coch. 14 ; stem winged, leaves cordate- 
 ovate shortly petioled, sjiikes rather lax, capsule with triangular teeth. 
 Wall. Cat. 4192 ; DC Prodr. i. 334 ; Beutk. Fl.Homjk. 44; Miq. Flor. Ned. 
 Lad. i. nt. 2, 127 ; Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 144. S. subrotunda, Hassk. 
 Z.c— Salomonia, sp. 3 in Griff. Notul. iv. 639. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; Assam; Khasi/a Mts., alt. 0-4000 ft,; Eastern Peninsula. — 
 DiSTRiB. Malayan Archipelago. 
 
 A weedy erect much-branched diffus6 annual, 3-6 in. Leaves large, paler beneath. 
 Spikes numerous, terminal, lax below, denser above. Bracts raiimte, early deciduous. 
 Flotvers minute, quite sessile. Sepals linear subulate. Petals united below, the two 
 lateral shoiter than ihe keel, (aj).snle very hmall, broader than long, armed with a row 
 of recurved triangular teeth. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate. 
 
 2. S. clliata, DC. Prodr. i. 334; stem furrowed, leaves sessile cordate- 
 amplexicaul ciliate, spike very dense, capsule with filiform teeth. S. cor- 
 
Salomonia.] xvi. POLYGALE^E. (A. W. Bennett.) 207 
 
 data, Arn. Pug. Ind. 4; Wight III. i. t. 22 C; Thwaites Enum. 22 {excl. 
 synom.) ; Hassk. in Miq, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. i. 145. ] S. angulata, Gi'iff. 
 Notul. iv. 539. Polygala ciliata, Linn. 
 
 Ceylon, in swampy ground. 
 
 Stouter than S. cantoniensis . Stem erect, glabrous, furrowed, scarcely winged. 
 Leaves small, strongly ciliate. Flowers crowded, small, pink, sessile. Sepals lanceo- 
 late, ciliate. Capsule small, broader than long, with a row of red filiform teeth. Seeds 
 black, shining, with a small membranous strophiole. — Wight and Arnott are in error 
 in taking Linnaeus's Polygala ciliata for a true Fohjgala. The specimen in Herb. 
 Burman. in the British Museum, clearly shows it to be a Salomonia, and identical with 
 Arnott' s S. cor data. 
 
 3. S. oblong-ifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 354; leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceo- 
 late not ciliate, teeth of capsule filiform. Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Afiis Lugd.- 
 Bat. i. 147 ; Arn. Pug. Ind. 4 ; Delest Ic. Sel, ill. t. 19. S. sessiliflora, 
 Ham. in Don Prodr. 2i)l. S. obovata, Wight III. i. t. 22 B. S. canarana, 
 rigida, '? Horneri, ? uncinata and ? setosar<iiliata, Hassk. I.e. 147, 148, 149. 
 % S. striata, 8ieb, et Zucc. Abh. d. k. haier. Akad. d. Wiss. iv. 2, 152. S. lep- 
 tostachya, Wall. Cat. 4193. Polygala canarana and Arnottiana, Hassk. I.e. 
 
 SuBTROP. Himalaya, from Nipal to Sikkim ; Khasia Mts. ; Eastern and Western 
 Peninsulas ; Ceylon. — Distrib. Malayan Arcbipelago, Australia. 
 
 A simple or branched annual. Leares larger than in S. ciliata, sessile, not cordate, 
 margins with a few long distant hairs. Bracts linear, ofteiT persistent at time of 
 flowering. Flowers crowded, small, pink. Sepals nearly equal, lanceolate, slightly 
 ciliate. Lateral petals much shorter than keel. Capsule small, with a row of red teeth. 
 Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate.^-Very near the last, but probably distinct. 
 
 4. S. edentula, DC. Prodr. i. 334 ; stem much-branched winged, 
 leaves cordate-triangular very shortly petioled, capsule scarcely toothed. 
 Hassk. in Miq. Ami. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. \. 146; Wall. Cat. 4194. S. petiolata, 
 Ham. in Don Prodr. 200. 
 
 Nipal, Wallick. 
 
 A low, glabrous annual. Sjjikes lax below, denser above. Flowers minute. Bracts 
 minute, deciduous. Sepals very small, ovate. Lateral p)€tals broad and nearly as 
 long as the galeate keel. Capsule very small, membranous, not ciliate, minutely 
 toothed. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate. 
 
 Sect. II. Epirhizantlies, Blum£ (gen.). Parasitic ; leaves or re- 
 duced to scales. 
 
 5. S. apliylla, Griff, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 342. S. parasitica, Griff. 
 Notul. iv. 538. S. tenella, Hook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 158. 
 
 Malacca and Tenasserim, Griffith. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 A brown parasite, associated with Thismia Brunijniaaa and a Burmannia (GrifF.), 
 Stem 3-6 in., ascending, sparingly divided. Leaves reduced to a few distant brown 
 scales. Spikes numerous, elongated, very- dense. Bracts minute, persistent after 
 flowering. Flowers minute, brown. Sepals distinct, broadly ovate. Capsule mem- 
 branous, broader than long, not ciliate. Seeds minute, black, with a small appendicu- 
 late strophiole. 
 
 3. SBCURZDACA, Linn. 
 
 Shrubs, almost always scandent. Flowers in terminal or axillary usually 
 compound racemes. Sej^als deciduous, 2 inner {wings) larger and petaloid. 
 Lateral 2^etals nearly or (piite distinct from the galeate crested keel, superior 
 petals 0. Stamens 8, filaments united ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by 
 
208 XVI. poLYGALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) [Seeuridaca. 
 
 oblique'pores. Ovary l-celled, 1-ovuled. Fruit a 1-celled samara, 1-seeded, 
 wing broad coriaceous. Seeds exalbuiuinous, estrophiolate. — Distrib. 
 Species about 25 ; most numerous in tropical America, rarer in tropical 
 Africa and Asia. 
 
 Wall. Cat. 4196; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong 
 ni?o^ |itely Dubescen'^ beneath, flowers in loose subcorymbose panicles, wings 
 elliptic. ^^Sw- scaudens, JIam. in Wall. Cat. 4195 {not of Jacq.) ; Ilassk. in 
 Jliq. Awi. J/^ITlsJi^). 8. paiiiculata, Wall, {not of Lamk.). 8. inappendi- 
 culata, Ilassk. PL Jav^ar^^i^. Lopliostylis javanica, Mi(q. Fl. Ned. Ind. i. 
 pt. 2, 128. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, from 8ilhet and CffWiagong to Rangoon. — Distrib. Java, China. 
 
 A large woody scandeut shrub; brancUj^a'^iate, bninchlets puberuloua. Leaves 
 3-5 by 14-2 in., generally acuminate, ^Tbroul, paler beneath. Flmvers \ in., the 
 lower with considerably longer (4 in.) pedicels than the upper. Outer sejials nearly 
 equal, ovate, shortly ciliate ; wings elliptic, obtuse. Lateral pel als, adn&ie at the base 
 to the keel, truncate ; keel with a conspicuous but scarcely fimbriate crest. Ovary 
 orbicular; style unilateral, curved at right angles near the tip. Samara 2^-3 j in.; 
 nucleus very rugose ; wiug very large and strongly veined, oblique, tip rounded, margin 
 eutire, veins arched. 
 
 2. S. bracteata, A, W. Benn. ; leaves elliptic puberulous beneath, 
 flowers in panicled racemes, wings orbicular, wing of fruit strongly veined. 
 
 Malacca, Main gay. 
 
 A large scandeut shrub; branches terete, hoary-pubescent. Leaves elliptic, acu- 
 minate, margins revolute when dry, beneath finely pubescent glaucous. Flowers 4 in., 
 pedicels ^ iu- Bracts ovate, acuminate, pubescent, persistent after fioweriiig. Outer 
 sepals nearly equal, lar^e ovate, very hairy, ciliate ; wings scarcely twice as long, 
 pubescent externally. Lateral petals truncate; keel with a recurved, plaited crest. 
 Ocarij orbicular; style curved. Fruit unknown. /Samara 3-34 i"-» similar to that of 
 S. Taooyana, but contracted for a longer space above the nucleus. 
 
 4. TaZGONZASTRUM, Miquel. 
 
 A shrub or small tree. Leaves hoary beneath. Flowers in slender ter- 
 minal panicles. Fetah 5, unequal, the inferior keel-sliaped. Stamens 5, 
 filaments united into a sheath. Ovary densely hairy, 3-locular ; ovules 
 pendulous, solitary in each cell. Fruit of 3 samaroid ultimately almost 
 distinct carpels. Seeds 1 in e^ch carpel, not strophiolate. 
 
 1. T. hypoleucum, Miq. FL Ned. Ind. SuppL i. 395. Isopteris penan- 
 giana. Wall. Cat. 72(51. 
 
 Penang, Porter; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches slender, teiete ; branchlets hoary. Leaves 4-7 by 1^-24 in., elliptic- 
 lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, pale beneath and with very fine adpressed pubescence ; 
 petiole iV-g ^"- Panicles much branche.l, lax, slender. Flowers \ in. diam., shortly 
 pedioelled, tomentose. SepaU 5, 2 exterior rather larger. Ovary densely htiiry. 
 Samara 2 in. long, membranous, dimidiate-obovate, strongly reticulate, shinijig; 
 nucleus small. 
 
 5. XANTKOFKVZ.X.UM, Roxburgh. 
 
 Timber-trees. Leaves large, coriaceous, generally yellow-green. Sepals 
 5, nearly equal. Petals 5 or 4, nearly equal, the inferior keel-shaped, not 
 crested. Stamens 8, distinct, 2 hypogynoas, 6 attacLied to the base of the 
 petals. Ovary stipitate, i-ceiled ; style curved ; ovules various in number 
 
'Jiojithophyllum,] xvi. POLYOALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) 209 
 
 and insertion. Fruit 1-celled, indeliiscent, 1-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, 
 estrophiolate. — Disteib. Species about 15. Moat abundant in the Archi- 
 pelago and Malacca; a lew species are Continental Indian, and one is 
 N. Australian. 
 
 ♦Ovules 4-8, rarely more (8-14 in X. afflne). 
 
 1. X. flavesoens, Roxh. Cor. PL iil t. 248 ; leaves coriaceous elliptic- 
 lanceolate not glaucous beneath yellow-green when dry," .Jianicle ditfuse 
 closely pubescent, sepals unequal, ovary and style strigose, fruit glabrous. 
 W.<ih A. Frodr. 39. X. panic ulatum, Mi/iuel Ft. Ned. Ind. Sappl. i 39 3, 
 X. Arnottianum, undulatum, and Roxburghianiim, WigM III. i- 50; Bed- 
 dome Flor. Sylvat. (A/ial.) t. 3. — Ulieede Hort. Malab. iv. t. 23. 
 
 East Bengal ; Silhet, and Chittagong. Western Peninsula. Cevmn. — DiStrib. 
 Sumatra, Java. 
 
 A timber tree. Leaves 4-7 by 1^-3 in., shining above, less so and veins much reti- 
 culated beneath, with 6-7 principal nerves ou each side, and more or less scattered 
 perforated glands (which are sometimes absent) at the axils of the nerves or elsewhere. 
 Flowers 4-4 ID- long, yellow ; pedicels very vanable, ^§ in. Sepals unequal, subor- 
 bicular, finely tomentoae. Ovary globose, densely stngObe ; ovules 4, 2 erect and 2 
 pendulous, or more numerous and subhoiizontal. Fruit globose, | in. diam., and up- 
 wards, walls \ery thick, green. — Very vanable. 1 am unable to distinguish between 
 Roxburgh's flavescens and tnrens, both usually having pitted glands on the leaf beneath, 
 except by the long pedicels of the latter, the Ceylon speitimena of which have 4 ovules, 
 and the Silhet oius usually the same, whilst the Peninsula ones vary 4-9, and Suma- 
 tran specimens are 4-ovuled. 
 
 Var. 1. Jlavescetis proper ; leaves broad, panicle close axillary or terminal, pedicels 
 fihort, ovules 4-12. Chittagong and Western Peninsula (Sumatra, Java). 
 
 Var. 2. angustifolium, Wight 111. 5U, t. 23 («/>.)» leaves narrower, ovules usually 4. 
 Beddome M/Sylvat. Anal Gen. t. 3. 
 
 Vak. 3. virens, Roxb. Cor, PI. t. 248 (sp.); panicles short supra-axillary, pedicels 
 very slender, ovules 4. X. flavescens, Boxb. ? ; Wight I.e. ; Beddoms Fl. Sylvat. Anal. 
 Gen. t. 3. Ceylon, Silhet; Paupanassum hills (Travancor ?), alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 2. X. alRne* Korth.in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 271; leaves coriaceous oblong- 
 or elliptic-lauceolate not glaucous beneath yellow-green when dry, panicles 
 axillary and terminal ditfuse tomentose, sepals unequal, ovary g.abrous, 
 style strigose. X. flavescens, Wall. Cat. 4198, not of Moxb. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Tenasserim to Malacca and Penang, Wallieh, &c. — Dibtrib. 
 Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 
 
 So like the A.Jlanescens, that the larger lea \res, rather larger flowers, more tomen- 
 toae calyx, and glabrous larger ovary, alone distinguish it in the dried state. The 
 ovules vary from 8-14, and the fmit is quite glabrous, green, globose and thick- 
 walled. 
 
 .3. X. grlauouniy Wall. Cat. 4199 ; branches very slender, leaves usually 
 membranous elliptic or lancei)late acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves very 
 numerous 8-10 on each side, panicle large open lax, branches long tomen- 
 tose, calyx pubescent or tomentose, ovary and style strigose, fruit glabrous. 
 Hassle, in Mui. Ann. Mus. i. 193. 
 
 Eastern Pehi.nsula ; Bangoon and Tenasserim in moist p'aces. 
 
 A small tree; branches terete, very slender, dark red-brown, glabroua. Leaves 
 3-4 by 1-1^ in., rather abruptly acuminate, quite glabrous, finely reticulate ; petiole 
 slender, J in. Panicle 1 ft., with long spreading very slender tomentose simple 
 branches. Flowers |-^ in. diam., and slender pedit-els pnlescent, pale when dry. 
 Ovary sessile, covered with dense atrigOiie hairs, ovules 4. Fru't much smaller than 
 in X.flavtscens, i-i in. diam., quite smooth and glabrous. — Easily distmguished by its 
 
 VOL. 1. P 
 
210 XVI. POLYGALE^. (A. W. Bennett) [Xanthophi/Uur 
 
 Blender habit, and glaucous membranous leaves, which are very pale beneath, with 
 uuiucrous slender much reticulated veins. 
 
 4. X. Orlffitbli, Hook. /. ; branches usually robust, leayes very coria- 
 ceous elliptic or elliptic lanceolate acute or acuminate with few (5-6) prin- 
 cipal nerves on each side glaucous beneath, panicle spreading tomentose, 
 calyx pubescent, oVary and style strigose. 
 
 Mebgui, Griffith, Heifer; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Very touch more robust than X. glaucum, with very coriaceous leaves, 3-6 in. 
 long; branches very dark brown, smooth, terete ; branchlets often extra-axillary with 
 two opposite lateral corinceous oblong scalffs at the base (persistent first leaves of 
 the bud). Floioera nearly ^ in. long, on short stout pedicels, smaller in the Mergui 
 specimens, and darker when dry. iSepals orbicular ovate, -subequal. PetaU Hnear- 
 spathulate, elabroua, except the pubescent keel. Ovary sessile and style strigose, 
 ovules 4. Fruit in a Mergoi species the size of a pea, slightly pubescent, shining 
 (perhaps immature). 
 
 Lar^e leaved specimens of this or a closely allied species,, gathered in the Andamans 
 by Heifer, but without flowers, resemble the leaves of X acuminatissimufii, Miquel. 
 
 5. X. Kaingrayi, Hook. f. ; branches very slender, leaves membranous 
 elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate not glaucous betieatb, prin- 
 cipal nerves 5-6 on each side, racemes slender simple and panicled, calyx 
 pubescent, ovary and style strigose, fruit densely puoescent. 
 
 MAiiACCA, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Branches glabrous, pale yellow-brown, branchlets tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by lJ-14 
 in., pule green when dry, sometimes almost white beneath, but .scarcely glaucous ; 
 petiole very slender, ixr-\ in. Bacemes 1-2 in., axillary and terminal, the latter often 
 panicled, branches very slender finely pubescent with pale buff down. Flowers lax, 
 iin. long; pedicels short, slender. Sepals unequal, orbicular-ovate, -obtuse, buff-pubescent. 
 IPetaU glabrous, except the keel. Ovary and style strigose, ovules 4. Fruit § in. 
 diam., globose ; walls thick, rugose when dry. 
 
 ** Ovules numerous. (See also 2. A", affiiie.) 
 t Flowers panicled. 
 
 6. X. atlpitatum, A. W. Benn. ; branches very slender, leaves mem- 
 branous elliptic obtusely caudate-acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves indis- 
 tinct, racemes sparingly branched pubescent, calyx puberulous ciliate, ovary 
 cottony stipitate. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branchlets glabrous, dull brown. Leaves 2 by | in., dull pale leaden-brown when 
 dry, rather corinceous, shining above, opaque beneath, witn very obscure nerves; 
 petiole tV in. Panicle sparingly branched ; branches long, slender. Flowers ^ in. long, 
 dull red, shorter than the slender pedicels. Sepals subequal, broadly oblong, obscurely 
 puberulous. Pe<a& about twice as long, ciliate when young. Filaments yHIouh hehw 
 the middle. Ovary narrowed into u glabrous stipes, and base of style loosely clothed 
 %rith white cottony hairs; ovules 10-12. 
 
 7. X. rufiiin, A. W. Benn.; branchlets stoutand leaves beneath rusty or 
 rufous pubescent, leaves very coriaceous elliptic-ovate or oblong acuminate, 
 nerves oeneath lew very stout, panicle large and calycea red- tomentose, 
 ovary arid style densely villous, fruit pubescent. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay, 
 
 A lai'ge tiiiiber tree; branchlets very stout, densely tomentose. Leaves 6-7 by 
 1^-3 in., clothed beneath with soft spreading pubescence, especially on the costa and 
 nerves (6 on each side), -pale yellow when dry, upper surface opaque, under paler; 
 
Xanth&phyllum.l XVI. POLYOALEiE. (A. W. Bennett.) 211 
 
 petiole J-4 in. Panicle 6-10 in., branches stout, densely clothed with yellow-brown 
 tonienturn; branohlets and calyces riiddy; brown. Flowers f in. long; pedicels 
 shorter than the sepals, bracts large, oblong. Sepalt subequal, coriaceous, orbicular, 
 deciduous, densely tomentose within and without. Petals three times as long, nar- 
 rowlv falc§,te-lanceolate, glabrous, except the broad toraentose keel. Filaments pilose 
 at the bage. Ovary sessile, rigid (when dry) and style densely pubescent to the top •. 
 ovules 14-16. Fruit dry (immature obscurely angled). 
 
 ft Fl&wen racemosey racemes rarely panided. 
 
 8. X. obaourum, A. W. JBenn. ; branchlets stout, leaves very thickly 
 coriaceous stout-petioled oblong obtuse glabrous dark brown when dry, 
 racemes very short stout axillary few-flowered, calyx glabrous ciliate, ovary 
 and style glabrous. 
 
 SiscAPOEE, Maingay. 
 
 A large timber tree ; branchlets woody, glabrous Leaves 5-7 by 2-4 in., exceed- 
 ingly thick, shining above, nerves 8-10 on each side reticulate, dark brown when dry ; 
 petiole \ in., very stout. liacemes 1-1^ in., stout, suberect, dark, few-flowered. 
 Flowers ^-i in. long. /SiepaZs unequal, orbicular, tips minutely ciliate. Petals all 
 spathulate, subequal, glabrous, except on the claw and pubescent keel. Ovary ovoid 
 and style quite glabrous ; ovules 15-16 {Maingay). 
 
 d. X. Inslgrnef A. W. Benn. ; branchlets stout glabrous, leaves long- 
 petioled very coriaceous ovate or ellii)tic-oblong obtuse glabrous, racemes 
 simple short stout axillary and terminal, pedicels curved, sepals ciliate, 
 ovary sessile and style glabrous. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree, not lofty : trunk thick ; branchlets qt^ite glabrous. Leaves 5-6 by If -2 J In., 
 base acute, dark brown when .dry, shining above, nerves 6-8 on each side, loosely 
 reticulate ; petiole f-1 in., very thick. Jtacemes 3-4 in., sometimes panided at the 
 ends of the branches. Flowers A-| in. long, handsome, almost black when dry. 
 Sepals unequal, suborbicular, puberuious. Petals spathulate, subequal, except the keel 
 ■which is larger and silky near the tip ; claw pubescent. Ovary ovoid ; style slightly 
 curved ; ovules 12-14. 
 
 10. X» elliptioum, Korih. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 276; wholly glabrous, 
 leaves rather coriaceous elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate- 
 acuminate not glaucous beneath .strongly reticulate, racemes simple stout 
 suberect, calyx ovary style and thin- walled fruit perfectly glabrous. 
 
 Malacca, <?n^f A.— DisTRiB. Borneo. 
 
 Branchlets slender or stout. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in., glossy above, very strongly 
 reticulated on both surfaces, principal nerves about 6 on each side, pale brown when 
 dry ; petiole \ in. Racemes 1-3 it., racbis rather stout, angled. Flowers ^ in. long, 
 almost black when dry; pedicels equalling the calyx. Sepals orbicular, subequal, 
 very coriaceous. Petals twice as long, very narrow, all quite glabrous. FVnments 
 
 Slabrous. Ovary and slender style perfectly glabrous; ovules 12-14. Fruit % in. 
 iam., sessile, chestnnt-brown when dry with thin crustaceous walls. — There is a very 
 faint pubescence on the buds and pedicels of the Boi-nean specimens. 
 
 Order XVII. FRANKENIACEJE. (By M. P, Edgeworth, F.L.S.) 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs, with articulale branch<*R. 
 Zeaves opposite, small, exstipulate. Flowers small, solitary in tlie forks of 
 the branches, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx gamosepalous, persistent with 
 4-^ divisions, iiidupUcate valvate in bud. P^i^/s equalling the .sepals in 
 number, hypogynous, free ; claw with an adherent scale, imbricated in bud. 
 
 P2 
 
212 XVII. FRANKENiACE^. (M. P. Ed{^eworth.) 
 
 Stamens 4 or more, free, or connate at the base ; anthers versatile, 2-celle(i. 
 Ovary free, sessile, 1 -celled ; style slender, stigma 2-5-lobed ; ovules many 
 in two rows, amphitropous with the micropyle below ; funiclos slender. 
 Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, opening by as many valves as there 
 are placentas. Seeds oolong or ovoid, hilum sub-terminal, raphe linear, 
 testa cnistaceous ; embryo straight, in the centre of mealy albumen. — A 
 single genus, with about 12 species, natives of dry sandy and especiaUy 
 saline tracts. 
 
 1. FAAXTKENXA, Linn. 
 
 1. X". pulvemlenta, Linn. ; annual, prostrate, leaves obovate retuse 
 or hoary beneath, calyx glabrous. — Bous. Fl. Orient, i. 779. 
 
 Plains of the Punjab and Sindh, on Sola land. — Distrib. Eastward to S. Enrope, 
 Senegal, and S. Africa. 
 
 A slender, exceedingly branched, diffuse herb ; branoheB wiry, leafy, 6-18 in. long. 
 Leaves J-^ in., very shortly petioled. Ftoxoera pink, shorter than the leaves. Calyx 
 cylindric, strongly ribbed. Petals small. 
 
 Order XVIII. CARYOPHYLUCJC. (By M. P. Edgoworth,F.L.S., 
 
 & J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Herbs, rarely undershrubs ; branches opposite, usually jointed and 
 thickened at the joints. Leaves opposite, quite entire or serrulate, often 
 connate ; stipules scarious or 0. Flowers rarely 1 -sexual. S^-pals 4-5, free or 
 connate, imbricate in bud. PetaJs 4-5, rarely 0, inserted on a hypogynous 
 ring, rarely perigynous. Starnem 8 or 10, rarely fewer, inserted with the 
 petals ; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel oi)ening lengthwise. Dkk small and 
 annular, or elongated into a gynophore, or broken up into glands. Ovary 
 free, 1 -celled, or imperfectly 3-6-celled ; styles 2-^5, free, or connate 
 into a single style, stigmatose on the inner side ; ovules 2 or many, on 
 slender basal funicles, or with the funicles united into a column, amphi- 
 tropous. Cufjsu^e niembr.anous or crustaceous, rarely fleshy, opening by 
 valves equal in number or double that of the styles, rarely indehisceut or 
 bursting irregularly. Seeds few or many, rarely solitary, reniforin globose 
 obovoid or flattened on one side ; hilum marginal or central, albumen 
 niealv, rarely fleshy ; embryo usually more or less curved and surrounding 
 the albumen, nearly straight in the discoid seeds, cotyledons narrow incum- 
 bent, rarely accumbent.— Distrib. Cosmo[)olitan, but chiefly Arctic, AJ pine, 
 European and W. Asiatic ; Genera 35, species about 8(X). 
 
 Teibe I. SlleneaB, CoZyjc gamosepalous, 4-5-lobed. Petals clsiwed &nd 
 stamens inserted on an elongate gynophore (rarely sessile). Styles free. — 
 Stipules 0. 
 
 Subtribe 1. DiANTHEiE. Capsule dehiscent ; styles 2. Seeds peltate, 
 hilum facial ; embryo straight. 
 
 Calyx bracteate, striate 1. Dianthus. 
 
 Calyx bracteate or not, 5-16-nerved 2. Tunica. 
 
 Subtribe 2. Drypide^. Capsule indehiscent. Hilum lateral ; embryo 
 curved. 
 Calyx 5-15-nerT«d. Styles i . . . . . . 3. Acakthopuyli^hi,, 
 
XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edgeworth <fe Hook, f.) 213 
 
 Subtribe 3. Lychnide^. Capsule bursting by short or long valves. 
 Hiluui larteral ; embryo annular. 
 
 Calyx 5-nerv0d. Capsule 1 -celled, deeply 4-valved ; styles 2-3 4. Gypsophila. 
 Calyx veined. Capsule shortly 4-valved ; styles 2 . . . . 5. Saponakia. 
 Calyx^ lO-oo -nerved. Capsule partially 3-celled, shortly 3-6- 
 
 valved ; styles 3 .6. Sil.enb. 
 
 Calyx 10- nerved. Fruit fleshy ; styles 3 7. Cucubalds. 
 
 Calyx lO-nerved. Capsule shortly 4-5- or 8-10-valved ; styles 5 8. Lychnis. 
 
 Tktoe II. AlsineflB. Sepals free, or connate at the base only. Fetah 
 subsessile and stamens inserted on au annular disk, rarely perigynous. 
 tSti/les free. 
 
 * Sii/mles 0. Sepals free. Stamens hypogynoTis. 
 
 Petals jagged. Capsule cylindric or conic, 6-valved. Styles 3. 
 
 Seeds many, connpressed 9. Holosteum. 
 
 Petals notched or entire. Capsule cylindric or conic, 8-10- 
 valved. Styles 3-5, opposite the sepals. Seeds many . .10. Cerastium. 
 
 Petals 2-fid. Capsule globose ovoid or oblong. Styles 3-5. 
 
 Seeds few or many 11. Stellaria. 
 
 Petals entire. Capsuje depressed, l-seeded Styles 2 . . .12. Brachystemma. 
 
 Petals entire or lacerate. Capsule of SteUaria. Styles usually 
 
 2-3. Seeds many 13. Arenaeia. 
 
 Petals entire, minute or 0. Capsule 4-5-valved. Stamens and 
 
 styles 4 or 5 opposite the sepals 14. Sagina. 
 
 ** Stipules 0. Sepals connate heloro into an obconic tvbe^ hearing the 
 ttaniens. 
 
 Petals 0. .... .15. Thylacospermum. 
 
 *** Stipules scariotis. Sepals free. 
 
 Petals entire. Styles 3 or 5. Capsules 3- or 5-valved . .16. Spergdla. 
 
 Tribe III. Polycarpeee. Se^^als free. Petals subsessile and stamens 
 inserted on an annular disk. Styl^ 3-2, combined. Stipules scarious, rarely 
 obsolete. 
 
 Sepals not keeled. Petals 2-6-fid . 17. Drymaria. 
 
 Sepals keeled. Petals entire. Style 3-fid 18. Polycarpon. 
 
 Sepals scarious, not keeled. Stigma 3-toothed . '. . . . 19. PoLYCAfiPJBA. 
 
 1. DZANTKXrS, Linn. 
 
 Herbs, usually perennial. Leaves linear. Flowers terminal, solitary or in 
 panicled cymes. CWj/a: tubular, 5-toGthed, nely striated (with 7-9 or 11 
 nerves to each tooth) ; base embraced by 2 or more imbricating bracts. 
 Petals viith. a long claw; blade entire or tooth ?d or fimbriate, claw without 
 a scale. Stamens 10. Disk a long-stalked gynophore. Ovary 1-ceUed ; 
 styles 2, (Jajfside cylindric oblong or ovoid, 4-toothed or valved. Seeds 
 orbicular or discoid, plane or concave, imbricated on the columnar placenta ; 
 embryo straight, excentric. — Distrib. Species about 70, natives of the 
 N. temp, zone exclusive of Western N. America. 
 
 D. chinetuii L. {D. glaucus, Hb. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 656) is commonly cultivated in 
 India. 
 
214 XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEiB. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Dianthus. 
 
 * Petals entire crenate or toothed, not fimbriate. 
 t PeicUs stnooth, surface not bearded. 
 
 1. I>. Cavyopbyllus, Linn. ; leaves channelled, margin quite even, 
 cymes loosely. panicled, bracts 4 broadly obovate mucronate 3-4 times shorter 
 than the calyx, petals toothed and crenate. (Carnation or Clove Pink.) 
 
 Punjab at Attok, Falconer; ? Balti, »It 7-8000 ft., Thornton. — Distkib. Westward 
 to mid-Etirope. 
 
 Perennial, glabrous, glaucous ; stems 18^24 in., branched and leafy below. Leaves 
 4- 6 by 4 hi. Floijc^r» 1-1^ in. diana., fragrant. C<^^ l~li i^** teeth acute. Petals 
 obovate, rosy, teeth ^-j^ the length of t^ blade. Capgide ovoid. — Thomson's Balti 
 specimens are very old, and if pmperly referred here, belong to a form with more 
 numerous bracts. 
 
 2. O. Faloonerl, Edg^w. ; leaves chatmelled serrulate, flowers snb- 
 oolitary, bracts 4 rarely 6 broad-ovate long-cuspidate 3-4 times shorter than 
 the calyx, petals finely toothed. 
 
 Western TipET ; Astor and Deotnu, Falconer, &c. 
 
 Sbrubby below ; stems l-'^ ft., stout, rij^id, dichotomously branched. Leaves 3-6 by 
 A in., l-H-nerved. Flowers smaller than in />. Car>/opkyUus. Calyx 2 in., otrongly 
 striate ; bracts suddenly contracted into the long cusp. 
 
 3. ]>. CaohemirlouB, Edgew. ; .leaves dbannelled, margin thickened 
 serrulate, flowers solitary or few, bracts 4 lanceolate with a long eusiform 
 often loliaceous point sometimes equalling the calyx. 
 
 Ka3bmir, Falconer. 
 
 Hceins much branched from the base, more slender than D. Ealconeri, erect. Leaves 
 1-14 in- 1 very narrow, midrib beueath stout. Bracts with either very slender points or 
 long leafy ones. Calyx 1 in , teeth ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, margins scarious. 
 JPttdls large, obovate ; blade 4-§ by 1 in., margin toothed or almost entire. 
 
 4. Z>. anatollcus, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i 489 ; small, slender, leaves 
 very narrow margin much thickened serrulate, bracts 6 (4-8) very broad 
 cuspidate \-^ shorter than the calyx. 
 
 Western Tibet, Falconer ; Dras, 8-10,000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Armenia. 
 
 Densely tufted ; stock woody, short, much branched; stems 6-10 in., very slfender, 
 strict, 1-' or more-flowered. Leaves \-\ in., rigid, slender, with a very thick midrib and 
 margin. Bracts with sometimes ioliticeous poiuts. Calyx ^ in., teeth Hubacuie. Petals 
 rosy, blade small, broad, crenate-toothed. 
 
 5. ]>. Jacquemontii, Edgew. ; leaves narrow, radical serrulate, cauline 
 with thickened obscurely serrulate margins, bracts 4 very broaa obtuse 
 acute or cuspidate \ the length of the calyx, calyx-teeth pungent. 
 
 Western Himauaya, Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Jacquemomt^ &c. 
 
 Sttms 4-10 in., many from a tufted woody stock, rather slender. Leaves 1-1 ^ in.», 
 coriaceous, green when dry, tiat above, acute. FUncers usually solitary. Bracts sud- 
 denly Contracted into a point wiiich is sometimes thickened and quite obtuse. Calyx 
 J-l in., teeth long, with rigid tips. Petals broad, rather deeply toothed. Near £), 
 Liboschitzianus, beringe, of the Caucasus, but diflers in the toothed petals. 
 
 6? ]>. deltoides, L. ; glabrous, leaves linear acute obscurely serrulate, 
 bracts 2, calyx | in., petals toothed. 
 
 Wbstern Tibet; Lance. — Distrib. (of Z>. deltoides, Western Europe). 
 
 Specimens very imperfect, but apparently identical with the European plant, which 
 ▼Aries from glabious to pubescent, and very much in the length of the bracts, which m 
 '.jAQce's specimen are ^-| the length of the calyx, and coloured. 
 
I>ianthus.\ xviTi. CARVOPHYLLE^. (Edgeworth <fe Hook, f.) 215 
 
 tt Surf (tee ofpetah bearded or pubescent. 
 
 1. I>. Segruierl, VOX. ; Bcnss. Fl. Orient, i. 504 ; leaves broad, flowers 
 usually fascicled, bracts 4-6 \-\ the length of the calyx, with leafy points. 
 
 Western Tibet, Ladak, Stewart. — Disteib. Siberia, Caucasus, Greece- 
 Stem 6-10 in., leafy, erect, simple or paniculately branclied. Leaves strict, linear, 
 obscurely 5-nerved. Flowers usually surrounded with leafy bracts below the 4-6 
 ovate abruptly cuspidate ones, which are themselves often tipped with an herbaceous 
 point. Calyx teeth mucronate. Petals rosy, blade obovate acutely toothed. 
 
 ** Petals fimbriate. 
 
 8. ]>. fimbriatua, Bieherst. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient: i 495 ; rigid, leaves 
 rather broad subacute obscurely serrulate, bracts 6-8 short broad-ovate 
 acute, calyx f-1 in., petals fimbriate for | the length of the blade. 
 
 WESTERN Tibet; Falconer. ~Di&r rib. N. Persia, Caucasus. 
 
 Stock stout, woody, often elongate, much branched and sufFruticose ; stems many, 
 strict, erect, 6-10 in. ,4 -flowered. Leaves f-1^ in., rigid, erect,. Bracts ^ the length 
 of the "calyx, sometimes cuspidate. Calyx-teeth long, lanceolate, pungent. Petals 
 white, fading into lilac or pink. 
 
 9. I>. angrulatua, Hoi/le III. 79 ; rigid, leaves linear acute serrulate, 
 bracts 4-6 ovate acuminate or the lower cuspidate, calyx ^-| in., petals 
 fimbriate for | the length of the blade. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kuriawar to Kishtwar, and in Piti and Zanskar, alt. 
 7-13,000 ft. 
 
 Quite similar to I>. Jimbriatm, and probably a variety of that plant, with the bracts 
 often coloured and varying exceedingly in length, from ;J-4 the length of the calyx, 
 which rarely exceeds ^, and never | of an inch. 
 
 Var. 1. bracts rather lax ovate suddenly cuspidate. 
 
 Var. 2. bracts with a foliaceous point ^-| the length of the calyx, leaves dark green, 
 cauline S in., petals less deeply cut. Habit of Z>. deltoides. — Kishtwar. 
 
 Var. 3. incertus, Jacquem. Herb. (sp.);. brabts 4 rarely 6 lax ovate acamiuate 
 i-4 the length of the^ calyx, petals not so deeply cut. — Jiunawar. 
 
 10. ]>. crinitus, Smith; Boi$s.Fl. Orient, i. 496 ; bracts 4-8 lanceolate 
 long-acumiuate, calyx 1-^iu., teeth long lanceolate, petals fimbriate nearly 
 to the base of the blade. 
 
 Western Punjab ; Salt Range, Fleming, &c. ; Peshawur, Vicary, &c. We.stbrn 
 TrsET, Falconer. — Distrib. Beluchistun, Turkestan, and westward to'the Levant. 
 
 Suffruticose below; branches rigid, 8-18 in., few flowered. Leaves rigid, acute, 
 cauline usually siiorter than the joints. Bracts ^-4 the length of the calyx, acute or 
 cuspidate. Petals white, sweel-scented, 8egraent8 capillary. 
 
 D. barhatiis, Linn., is enumerated by Royle, together with D. caucasicus, Sims, but 
 both are unknown to us as Indian plants. 
 
 2, TUNICA, Scopoli 
 
 Annual or perennial slender herbs. Cali/x tubular, 6~ H 5-) toothed, with 
 or without imbricate bracts. Petals 5, clawed, graffually widering into the 
 entire or emarginate limb. Slicmena W. T(yrtt^smaM (>var;/ 1 -ceiled; styles 
 2 ; ovules numerous. CapsuU oblong, dehiscing by 4 teeth, many-seeded. 
 Seeds discoid or orbicular, peltate ; embryo straight. — Distrjb About 10 
 species, chiefly South European and West Asiatic. 
 
216 x^'ni. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgewoith & Hook, f.) [Timiea 
 
 1. T. Btricta, Bunge ; Boiss, FL Orient, i. 521 ; annual, erect, leaves 
 linoar-spatLulate, margiufj scabrous, cauUne linear, flowers subsolitary 
 ebracteate, calyx 5-ribbed. Ledeh. Ic. FL Boss. t. 5. 
 
 Kashmir, Falconer^ &c. — Distrib. Sonngaria, Altai, Persia, Asia Minor. 
 
 Glabrouh, 12-18 in., branched from the base. Badical leaves ^-!^ in., many, short. 
 Cymes strict, j nd their branches slender quite erect. Flowers ^ in. Jong; pedicels 
 often exceeding the glabrous turbinate calyx. PetcUs white, liuear-obloug, entire. 
 ^Secds boat-shaped, wrinkled on the edges and keel. 
 
 3. ACANTXOPRTZ.XiirK, C. A. Meyer. 
 
 Perennial, densely tufted acerose or spiny-leaved lierbs or shrubs. Flowei'S 
 solitary or in panicled or fascicled cymes, the lateral or all with 2-ti bra^^ts. 
 Calyx tubular or turbinate, 5-toothed or lobed, 5-15-nerved. Petals 5, ex- 
 serted, narrow, 8j)athulate ; claw long, widening into 'the -entire or notched 
 liinb. Stamens 10. V^j^^ short or produced into a short gynophoro. (yvanj 
 1-celled, 4-10-ovuled ; styles "z. Capsule ovoid or oblong, indehiscent or 
 with 4 small teeth, 1-2-seeded. i:yte(h subrenifonu, laterally compressed, 
 hilum marginal; embryo annular.— Distkib. About ] 7 species; natives of 
 Western and Central Asia, most numerous in Allghunistan. 
 
 1. A. macrodon, Fdgew. ; hoary, leares spinous, flowers solitary, 
 bracts 4 linear with scarious margins. 
 
 WaTiaristan in the Punjab, Steuart. — Distrir. Affghanistan, Griffifh. 
 ^ A tufted excesbively spinous herb, minutely pubescent. Leuvrn bonz>ntal, ^-J in., 
 rigid with acerose tips, yalf ^i-een, flat above, convex on the back, iV ^V >"• tli«*ni- at 
 the baBO. Flowertt ro.sy, J m. long, terminal ; bracts Kquarrose, pungent, n-curved, 
 reaching as high as the calyx lobes, ^'ali/x cylindric, hoarj, lobes Kubulate-lanceolaie, 
 recurved, acerose, with very u.'vrrow scarious edges. Petals narrow. 
 
 ' 4. ^CI-7PSOPRZX.A, Linn. 
 
 Perennial or annual, (men glaucous herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves usually 
 flat, very rarely subulate, "^^jwn'sm panicled cymes, rarely solitary in the 
 forks. Ctflt/x turbinate tubulaiyor, canipanulate, .5-tootlied or -lobed, with 
 6 broad ^reen nerves and membp^nous interspaces. PttaU o, claw narrow ; 
 limb entire or notched, without (rarely with) a scale. Dink small. Ovary 
 1-celled ; styles 2 (rarely 3) : ovules uiauy. Capsule 4-valved to or below 
 the middle, few- or many-seeded. 6Vc(/.s subrenifonu, hilum lateral; embryo 
 annular.— DisTRiR Species about 50, European and W. Asiatic. 
 
 Sect. I. Pseudacanthopbyllum. Undershrubs. Lexive* pungent or 
 
 acerose. Calyx ovoid or oblung-campanulate. 
 
 1. Cr. Ptewartii, Thorns. ; puberulous, leaveg \ in. subulate acerose, 
 convex beneath, flowers subcapital e, bracts equalling the calyx-tube. 
 
 Wazaristan in the Punjab, alt. 3-4000 ft., Stewart. — l>\m\i\Yi. Affghanistan 
 (Turuak valley). 
 
 A small green densely tutted spinous perennial. Leaves spreading, flat above, 
 points glabrous polished. Oymes on short peduncles, 8-15-flow/^red; bracts narrow- 
 sululate. Calyx ^ in., ovoid, glabrous, 5-ribbed ; teeth long, slender, subulate. Petal4 
 half as long again as the calyx; blade pink, linear-oblong.-— Closely allied to G. erinacea^ 
 Boiss. (oi Affghanistan), but much smaller, with crowded Mowers, and glabrous calyeoa 
 with longer subulate teeth. 
 
Gypsophila.] xviii. caryophylle^. (Edg^eworth & Hook, f,) 217 
 
 Sect, f I. Beterochroa. Herbs. Leaves flat. Cfdnx cajnpanulate 6-fid. 
 
 2. G. sedifolia, Kurz. in Flora, 1872, 285 ; perennial, tufted, hoary all 
 over, leaves linear obtuse, cymes capitate. G. Tibetica, H.f. dc T. Herb. 
 hid. Or. 
 
 Western Tibet, Zanskar and Bras, alt. 9-13,000 ft., Thomson. 
 
 Hoot very stout, woody, witli very many short tufted pointed decnmbent brancheg 
 Sterna pale. Leaves fas^cided, | in., nerveless, rather thick, pruinose. Heads of cymes 
 ^-\ in., on elongated branches 1-3 in. diani. ; bracts linear, obtuse. Calyx ^^ in., 
 ,5-lf'bed, teeth obtuse, margins scarious. Capsule not exceeding the calyx. Seeds 
 cochleate. 
 
 3. G. cerastioides* Don Frodr. 213; perennial, hoary-pubescent, 
 branches many decumbent, leaves ol'ovate-spathulate, cymes lax. Acosmia 
 lupestris, Bentk. in Wall. Cat. 644; Carnb. ixi J acq. Vot/. £ot. 26, t. 28. 
 Timaeosia rupestris, Klotzsch in Bot. Ueis. Pr. Waldem. 138, t. 33 {styles 3). 
 
 Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir and Kunawar to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft. 
 
 Very variable in size ; branches 4-10, in. Leaves ^-2 by :^-| in., tadical petioled, 
 cauline sessile, all ciliale. Cynies usually lax, with leafy bracts. Flowers sessile or 
 pedicelled, very variable in siz*-, ^-^ i°- diara. Calyx \ in., can>panulate, pubescent; 
 lobes obtuse, strongly ciliate with curved hairs. Petals lilac, spathulate, 3-nerved. 
 Styles 2-3. Seeds broad, black, tubercled. 
 
 5. SAFOKAaXA, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs. Lexxves flat. Flowers in dichotomous cymes. 
 Calyx more or less tubular, ovoid or oblong, 5-toothed, nerves obscure. 
 Petals 5, clawed ; limb entire or notched, with or without a basal scale. 
 Staiaeits 10. Disk small, or produced into a gynophore. Ovary 1 -celled, or 
 imperfectly 2-3-ceiled; styles 2, rarely 3; ovules many. Capsule ovoid or 
 oblong, rarely subglobose, 4-toothed. Seeds reniform or subglobose, hilum 
 marginal ; embryo annular. — Distrib. Species about 30, chiefly Mediter- 
 ranean and W. Asiatic. 
 
 1. S. Vaccaria, Linn.; radical leaves oblong, cauline sessile, base 
 rounded or cordate, calyx-teeth triangular margins scarious, petals short 
 erose. Wall. Cat. 1603. IS. Vaccaria and oxyodonta, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 525. 
 S. perfoliata, Uoxh. Fl. Lnd. ii. 445. Gypsophila Vaccaria, W.dA. Prodr. 42. 
 
 In wheattields throughout India, and in Tibet. — Distrijb. A weed of cultivation. 
 
 A tall, robust, simple or sparingly branched perfectly glabrous annual, 12-24 iu. 
 high. Leaves 1-3 by \-% in., acute, cauline linear-oblong. Cymes corymbose, many- 
 flowered. Flotoers erect; pedicels slender. Calyx 4 in., with 5 broad green nerves, 
 ventricose in fruit. Petals rosy, obovate. Capsule included, broadly ovoid. Speeds 
 large, globose, black, granulate. 
 
 6. SXIiZSaCS, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs. Flowers solitary or cymose, often secund on 
 the branches of the cyme. Calyx more or less inflated, ovoid campanulate 
 clavate or tubular, 5-toothed or cleft, 10- rarely many-nerved. Petals 5 ; 
 claw narrow ; limb entire bifid or laciniate, usually with two basal scales. 
 Stamens 10, 6 usually adnate to the petals. Disk usually produced into a 
 long gynophore. Ovary incompletely 3- (rarely 1-) celled ; styles 3 (rarely 5) ; 
 ovules numerous. Capsule 3-6-toothed or valved. Seeds reniforn), usually 
 tubercled, hilium marginal ; embryo annular.— Distrib, Species about 250, 
 chiefly natives of temperate Europe and Asia. 
 
218 xviiT.CARYOPnYLt.KjE. (.Edj^ewofth (fe Hook. f.) [S'^ene, 
 
 The following escapes from cultivation occur in Indian collertiona. 
 
 S. Anneria, L. in the Nilgherries and Canara (Plant. Holieuack. No. f>lf>).-^8. 
 noctifloray L. ](Wall. C'at. 624, from Herb. Wiubt., without habitat).— ^^ c-^lorota, 
 Poiret; {S. intrusa, W. & A. Pnxlr. 42; Wight 111. i. t. 26) ; Nilghiris and Garwhal. 
 
 SuBGEN. I. Behen. Fcfals imbricate in bud. Calyx usually inflated, 
 10- or 20-iierved, reticulateJy veined. 
 
 1. S. lnflata« Smith ; glaucous, cymes many-flowered, bracts scarious, 
 calyx 20-nerved, petals deeply cloven. Wall. Cat. ()23 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i 
 628. S. Wallichiaua, KlotzschmBot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 139, t. 30. S. Cucu- 
 balus, Wib. in Rohrb. Monog. JSilenej b4. Cucubalus Behen, Lirm. 
 
 Tempkrate Himalaya, elev. 5-11,600 ft., from Nipal to the Indus. — Distwb. 
 Temperate Asia, Europe, and N. Africa. 
 
 Perennial, 2-5 ft., erect or ascending, glabrous or pnbescent. Leaves 1-3 in., ovate 
 obovate or oblong, cauline sebsile ; margins denticulate. Flower (-f in. diam., drooping 
 white. Calyx ovoid, base intruded, teeth broadly triangular. Petals white, with two 
 gibbosities in the place of scales. Capsule globose, gynophore short. /Seeds concave in 
 front, convex on the base, tubercled in lines. 
 
 SuBGEN. II. SUene proper. Petals contorted in aestivation. Calyx 
 with 10 anastomosing nerves, or 20, 30, or 60 simple nerves, not reticulately 
 veined. 
 
 Sect. L Conosllene. Calyx 20-, 30-, or 60-nerved, in fruit conical 
 from a broad base. — Annuals. 
 
 2. S. oonoldea, Linn.; glandular-pubescent, cauline leaves oblong or 
 lanceolate acute, flowers Hpanicled, calyx-base intruded, teeth subulate-lan- 
 ceolate, | its length; petals obovate, capsules ovoid contracted above sessile. 
 £0188. Fl. Orient, i. 580 > Wall. Cat. 625. 
 
 \^E8TBR» HiMAiJiYA ; from Kumaou to the Indus, alt. 1-8000 ft, ; and from OtJDE 
 to the Panjab, in the plains. West Tibkt; Ladak, ^It. 8-11,000 ft.— Distkib. West- 
 ward to the Atlantic ocean. 
 
 Erect, 6-18 in., dichotomously branched. Leaves 2-^4 in., radical spathulate, cau- 
 line sometimes very narrow, ses&ile. Calyx 1 in. ii»ria(bd in fruit. Petals pink, small, 
 entire or erose ; claw auricledj scales 2. Capsule crustaceous, shining. >6ee</< coch- 
 leate, with 5 dorsal and as many lateral rows of tubercles. 
 
 Sect. II. Soorpioideae. Calyx 10-nerved. — Annuals (the Indian 
 species). Flower8 in unilateral racemes. 
 
 3.* S. STAllAoAf Linn.; annual, laxly pilose, glandular above, cauline 
 leaves linear-oblong or spathulate, cyme simple, flowers unilateral, calyx- 
 base rounded, teeth subulate lanceolate \ its length, capsule subsessile 
 ovoid. Boiss. Fl. Onent. i. 590. 
 
 Garwhal, Falconer; Carnatic, Wight: — an introduced weed. — Dibtrib. A weed of 
 cultivation. 
 
 Erect, 8-18 in., clothed especially above with spreading hairs. Leaves f-14 in. 
 Racemes many-6owered. Flowers ^-J in. long, secund, lower pedicelled, upper sessile. 
 Calyx ovoid, lO-striate, contracted above. Petals small, red (or white), emargiuute ; 
 scales 2. Filaments villous below. Seeds minute, striate-tuberculate, not groovwl, 
 face flat with an ear-shaped depression. 
 
 3. S. apetala, Willd. Sp. PL il ;i07 ; annual, hoary-pubescent, cauline 
 leaves linear-oblong, flowers subracemose, calyx campanulate, base obconic, 
 teeth short lanceolate acute, margins scarious, petals included, cajjsule 
 globose, shortly atipitate. Bois8. Fl. Orient i. 696. 
 
Silene.] xviii. caryophylleje. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 219 
 
 Pasjab ; Peshawur, Vicary, Stewart. — Distrib. Westwards to 9p«n. 
 ^few 6-24 in., simple or branched. L«aye« I -1 4 in., acuminate, cili(iiate. Cyn\e$ 
 irregnlar, loosely racemose ; peduncleg exceeding the calyx ; bracts acute. Calyx 
 
 yin., with broad green hairy nerves ; teeth short. Petals 0, or minute, spathulate, 
 jht red. Seeds flat^ chatineiied^ with a double corrugated margin. 
 
 Sect. III. Aurloulaiia. Calyx lO-iierved, contracted towards the 
 base. FetaU with the claw toothed or auricled on both sides. — Perennials. 
 Flowers solitary or in few-flowered elongate panicled cymes. 
 
 4. S, Mooreroftiana, WaU. Cat, 626; perennial, finely pubescent, 
 canline leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, flowers i-3 terminal or stibter- 
 minal, calyx tuhular-clavate viscid, base intruded, teeth short obttkse with 
 scarious margins, capsule ovoid shorter than the gynophore. Benih. in 
 Royle III. 79 ; Rohrh. Monog. Silene, r29. 
 
 Western Himalaya, alt. 10-13,000 ft. ; from Garwhal to Kashmir. Wrstees 
 Tibet, alt. 9-16,000 ft.— Distrib. Affghanistan. 
 
 Stems many from a woody stock, densely tnft*d ; flowering bratiches erect, 6-18 in., 
 slender, simple or dichotomous at the top. Radical leaves spathnlate-lanceolate, acute ; 
 cauline shorter, acuminate acute or obtuse. Flowers erect. Caltfx 1-lJ in., riender 
 below the middle; nerves 10, dark, Pttdls exserted, elaw auricled with a long acuto 
 tooth; limb 2-partite, segments ligulate, dirty red or white, involute when witSeriog ; 
 Bcales 2, long. Capsule with the gynophore as long aa itself. Seeds compressed, not 
 channelled, with 5 rows of dorsal and as many lateral tubercles. 
 
 Var. 1. taller, more slender, 2-3-flowered. — Tibet. 
 
 Var. 2. dwarf, leaves linear, pedicels longer than the bracts. 
 
 5. S. arenosa, C Koch, in Linncea, xv. 711 ; annual, slender, glaucous, 
 viscid above, leaves narrow, margins revolute, flowers in sparse much- 
 divaricating cymes, calyx clavate, base intruded, teeth lanceolate-ciliate, 
 capsule oblong equalling the gynophore. S. leyseroides and S. salsa, j5ow5- 
 Fl, Orient. I 603. 
 
 Western Pan jab, common at Peshawar, Attock, &Ci Vicary, Stewart. — DisxRrB. 
 Affghanistan, Persia, Armenia. 
 
 \ery slender, excessively branched from the base, minutely pubescent, glandular 
 above. Leaves shorter than the internodes, f-l^ in., rigid, acuminate. Floioers erect 
 or inclined; pedicels ^-\ in., capillary. Calpx 4-§ in., slender, lOribbed ; teeth with 
 aeanoug margins. Petals with an oblong 2 -fid blade, lobes linear, claw auricled; 
 softies 2, small, lanceolate. — Flowers open at night. 
 
 6. S. tenuis, Willd.; perennial, glabrous or viscid, leaves narrow 
 Huear or lanceolate, flowers in short racemes, calyx campanulate. base 
 rounded or truncate, teeth obtuse, petals 2-partite auricled, capsule oolong, 
 gynophore short. Jiohrb. Monog. Silene, 186. S. graminifolia, Otth. in 
 DC. Prodr. i. 368, not of Ledeb. S. Gul.-Waldemarii, Klotzsch Bot. Reia, 
 Pr. Waidem. 140, t. 31. S. repens, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 614 C? of Patrin) : 
 Ledeb, Ic. FL Ross. t. 425. S. amaena, Linn. Sp. Fl. eel. 1 {not of ed. 2)i 
 
 Western Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft,, from Kunawar to Kashmir, Jacqttemont. 
 Western Tibet, Falconer.-— TfisrmB. Northern and Arctic Asia. 
 
 Stems many from the root, erect or ascending, 4-18 in., slender, simple, naked when 
 tall. Leaves 1-3 in., acute or acuminate, often oiliate, fiat, radic£tl slightly dilated 
 upwards. Flowers often whorled, sometimes secxmd, inclirted or nodding; pedicels 
 ^-|ia.; bracts short, whorled, subulate. Calyx ^-^'m.^ membranous, lO-nerved, teeth 
 spreading. Petals dirty-yellow or brown ; scales short, oblong ; claw ciliate. Clapsule 
 twice the length of the gynophore. S^eds with 5 dorsal and as many lateral rows of 
 tubercles. 
 
 Var. dasyphylla, Tnrcz. Fl. B«ic. Dah. i. 207 (sp.), densely pubesoent, leaves more 
 ccdiaceous not ciliate. LtiixHyJaeachke, 
 
220 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgewofth & Hook, f.) [^lene. 
 
 Sect. IV. Otites. Coiyr^ lO-nervoJ, cylindric or contracted towards 
 the base. Petals not auricled at the .sides, with or without scales at the top 
 of the claw. — Perennials. Flowers iu opposite panicled or racemed cymes. 
 
 7. S. Faloonerlana, Benth. in Ko^iU IU. 7», t. 20 ; perennial, stout, 
 erect, pubescent below, leaves linear-lanceolate serrulate-ciliate, flowers iu 
 short uniform opposite cymes, calyx cylindric narrow, base intruded, teeth 
 short obtuse, petals very narrow spathulate, tip rounded or notched, cap- 
 sule ovoid longer than the gynophore. Hohrb. Monog. Silent, 202. 
 
 Westkrm Hikalava, from Kuniaon to Kunawar, alt. 3-9000 foet, JKoi/le, &c. 
 
 Stems 1-2 ft., beveral from the woodj stalk, niniple or branched, clo.sely pubescent 
 below. JjtareB l4-2i in., narniw, pubescent or glabrous on both hurlaccH. InfloreH' 
 cence 1-1 4 ft. long, lax, of opposite or whorled cymes or branched racemes. J^ivtotra 
 erect or inclined; pedicels slender; bracts minute. CeUyx^ in., slightly dilated up- 
 wards in flovjer, much so in fruit, membranous;, nerves 10, green; teeth not margined 
 with white; base truncate. Pttals' white, without scales or auricles. CajfsuUs ovoid, 
 twice or thrice the length of the gynophore. /^d» minute, granulate, sides flat or 
 convex, back channelled. 
 
 8. S. Oiiffithil, £oiss. Fl. Orient, i. 637; perennial, robust, densely 
 pubescent, touientose or villous, leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, radical 
 petioled, flowers in opposite few-flowered cymes, calyx cylindric, teeth acute, 
 base rounded or truncate, petals 2-partite, lobes 3-6-fid, scales 0, capsule 
 oblong, gynophore thort. IS. Webbiana, W^afi. Cat. 627. S. nmltifida, AV(/<?m'. 
 in Trans. Linn. aS'oc. xx. 34. Carpophora Hofl"meisteri, Klotzsch in Bot. Ueise 
 rr. Wald. 139, t. 32. S. viscosa, Pits. ; Benth. in Royle III. 79. Me- mdryum 
 Griffithii, Hohrb. in Linnaa^ xxxvi. 248; MoncHj. ISUene^ 232. 8. viscosa 
 lusus 3, ami (:> suaveolens, Kar. d' Kir. {s^}.), Hohrb. Monog. ,'Silene, 205. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Garwhal to Cabul and Kisbtwar, alt. 7-11,000 ft.— Dis- 
 THiB. Aflglianibtau, Soongaria. 
 
 Very variable in pubescence, from hoary to almost woolly. Sterna 12-18 in., simple 
 or divided, very robust. Leaves 24-4 by ^I| in., radical spathulate-lanceolate, nar- 
 rowed into a broad petiole ; cnuline sessile, hometimes cordate at the base, more or less 
 pubescent ou both surfaces. Floivers in opposite irreg^ilarly 3-flower«d cymes, shortly 
 pedicelled. (kdyx |-1 in., glandular, hardly dilated above except iu fruit, teeth not 
 margined with v.-bite, nervos 10, green. PttaU more or less laciniatc, without scales or 
 auricles. Petals white. Capsule four times as long as the gynophore. Heeds imma- 
 ture, apparently like those of «S'. Falconeriana.—\ery closely allied to S. viscosa, L., 
 with which it is united by Bentham and Rohrbach. 
 
 9. S. kunavarenais, BentJi. in Rwjh III. 79 ; perennial, puberulous 
 or quite glabrous, slender, leaves uarrow-.spatliidate or lanceolate, flowers in 
 opposite distant pairs or cymes, pedicels slender, calyx glabrous cylindric 
 or subciavate, base intruded, teeth short obtuse with scarious margins, 
 petals deeply 2-fid, scales oblong, capsule ovoid twice as long as the gyno- 
 phore. 
 
 Western Hjmalaya, in the Tibetan regions of Kunawar and Piti, alt. 10,000 ft., 
 Boyle, Jacqtuinont, &o. 
 
 Brancliea tufted from a prostrate stock ; flowering ones slender, 6-12 in., usually 
 
 flabrous above. Leaves l-lj in., very narrow, minutely pubescent on both surfaces. 
 ''hwers rather few and scattered, nodding, pedicels slender, equalling the calyx. 
 Calyx 4-i in., membranous, quite glabrows or the teeth pubescent, clavate in fruit, 
 lO-nerved. Petals with 2 linear-oblong scales and no auricles. Capsule pale. Seeda 
 dorsally channelled, sides nearly flat, hardly tubercled. 
 
 10. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 627 ; tall, slender, minutely pubescent, 
 cauline leaves broadly ovate-cordate amplexicaul acuminate 6-9-nerved, 
 
8ilene.\ xviii. caryophylleje. (Edg-ewortli & Hook, f.) 021 
 
 cymes lax opposite long-poduncled, calyx glandular cylindric, teeth lan- 
 ceolate-subulate, base truncate intrudod, capsule narrow oblong, rather 
 longer than the gynophore. S. viriditiora, var, Rokrh, Monog. SUene^ 216. 
 
 Western Himalava, Sirmur, Webb, 
 
 We have seen but one specimen, itaelf a fraprment. 16 in, tall, of what is evidently a 
 tftll spare lax-flowered species of a plant resemldinj; closely S. viridljlora, Linn. — 
 Leaves 14 in. broad, puberuloiifl on both surfacen. Branches of panicle (peduncles of 
 cymes) 3-6 in., terminated by two ov ite foHac«ous bracts. Flowem drooping; pedicels 
 \~% in., densely touieutoae. Cafi/.c | in., very slenier, lO-nerveii, ventricose in fruit; 
 teeth with s arious edges. PttaU I'Hig, greenish- white ; limb bifid, lobes Hgulat^j ; 
 scales 2. FUnments glabrous. Ovary cylindric, top globose ; styles 3. Capaule 
 immature, cyliudric-obbnf.!:. 
 
 Sect. V. Cuoubaloideas. Calyx cylindric, rounded at the base, pale, 
 membranous. Petah without auricles at the sides. — Scandent or subscandent 
 slender lax perennials. Flowers in very lax few-flowered panicled cymes. 
 
 11. S. 7 Straoheyi, F<l^ew.; glabrous, flaccid, subscandent, leaves 
 petioled lanceolate acuminate membranous, cymes 3-flowered bracteate, 
 calyx membranous, teeth broad with orbicular tips, capsule half the length 
 of the gynophore. 
 
 .Temperate Himalaya, Piti rfvor, Kumaon, alt.7 500 ft., Strack.& Winterh. Sikkim 
 in woods, Lachen river, alt. 9-10,000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 Habit and ft»li;igo of Cucuhalus baccifer, but erlabrous or nearly so, leaves longer 
 petioled. Calyx cylindric, and ovary with a very long grynophore and 5-lobed callous 
 tip, indicating a 5- valved dehiscence. -Stenu shining. Leaves 2-24 V ^~f in*, ciliolate, 
 with an intramarginal nerve. Pediceh 4-I in., very slender, minutely pube&cent. 
 Calyx I in., pale, with 10 green nerves and anastomosing veins between them above ; 
 teeth hyaline, contracted below the orbicular ciliolate tips. Petals white, very narrow; 
 claw not auricled ; limb retuso or 2-lobed. Filaments glabrous; anthers short, didy- 
 mous. — An exceedingly curious plant, ihtermediate between JSilene and Cacubalus, per- 
 haps better refeiTcd to the latter genus. 
 
 12. S. khaslana, Rohrh. in Linnaea^ xxxvi. 259 ; glandular pubescent 
 above, subscandent, leaves sessile ovate acuminate, flowers solitary and in 
 terminal 2-3-flowered bracteate cymes, calyx shortly cylindric, teeth broad 
 acute, base rounded, capsule oblong, gynophore very short. 
 
 Khasia Mrs., at Molira and Moflong, alt. 5-6000 ft., H. f. & T. 
 
 A straggling brittle hardly flaccid herb, with rather robust branches. Leaves 1-2 in., 
 not membranous, 3-5-neryed at the base, paler beneath, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, 
 ciliolate. Flowers erect \ pedicels 4-1 In., strict. ^ Calyx I in., with 10 broad nerves 
 and no veins. Petals pale pink; claw cuneate; limb 2-pMrtite, obtuse; scales small. 
 Fiiaments glabrous ; anthers didyraoue. Capsule broad, with very small teeth. Steds 
 dorsally rounded, sides convex strjate-tuberculate. 
 
 7. CVCVBAXiVS, Linn. 
 
 A diffuse subscandent herb. Xmw« ovate- lanceolate. Flmoers in 1-3- 
 fiowered leafy cymes or solitary in the forks of the branches. Caltfx broadly 
 campanulate, 10-nerved, 5-toothed, Petcds 5 ; claw narrow toothed at the 
 top ; limb 2-fid with 2 scales at its base. Stamens 10. Disk produced into 
 a short gynophore. Ovary 1 -celled, 3-septate at the base ; styles 3 ; ovulea 
 many. Frail globose, tip crowned with an entire callus, shining, dry or 
 fleshy, at length fragile and bursting irregularly. Seeds reniform, shining ; 
 hilum lateral ; embryo annular. 
 
222 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEiB. (Edg^worth & Hook, f.) [Cucubalus, 
 
 1. O. baoclfenxs, Linn. ; Bpiss. FL Orient, i. 657. 
 
 Tekpekate Himalaya, from Kaslimir, alt. &-8U00 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft. 
 Khabia Mts., at tlje Boga Pani, ah. 6000 ft., H.f. & T. — Distbib. Westwards to South 
 Europe ; W. Siberia. 
 
 A rambling herb, more or less pnbescfrnt with curly white hairs. TjMvea 1-2 by 
 f-1 in. , membranous, ciliate, narrowed into the petioJe, upper sessile. Flowers diw^ing ; 
 pedicel i-4 in., tomentose. Cait/x ^ in,, base ruumied; teeth large, broad, subacute, 
 ciliolate ; nerves obscure, yeins reticulate. PetaU greenish-white, 2-lob^. Ahtherg 
 didym^ous. PruU the size of a pea, black. 
 
 8. Z.«VCBMXS, Linn. 
 
 Herbs, with the habit of Silme, but capsule 1-celled, and styles nsaally 5 
 (3-5). — DisTRiR Species about 30, natives i»l Arcticj^nd Temperate northern 
 regions, and of the Andes of S. America. 
 
 The following species of Lychnis are, with the exception of L. Coronaria, extremely 
 difficult to limit, the characters of habit, nervation of the cal^x, form and division of 
 the petals, and superficial markings of tiie seed, being all very variable. The diviHion 
 into wing(fd: and wingless-seeded is far from good ; the contrast between the reniform 
 granulate, and the angled and winged seeds, is indeed strong, but analogy with othet 
 genera would suggest, that some of the wingless species are but forms of winged ones. 
 We cannot follow Rohrbach and ofhers in separating Mdandryum from Lychnis proper; 
 the capsule dehiscing variously in the same species, and several true i/eian</r^a naving 
 crestttd seeds. 
 
 Sect. I. Fseudagrroatemma. PetaU with stiff 2-toothed scales at 
 the claw. CapstUe 5-valved, valves quite entire. 
 
 1. Z». Ooronariay tamlc. ; uniformly softly tomentose with silky white 
 wool. Boiss. FL Orient, i. 658. 
 
 Eashmib Valley, abundant in groves and fields, /oc^uewKm*, &c. — Distiub. W. Aaia, 
 S. Europe. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., sparingly branched. Leaves 3-5 in., spathulate lanceolate, caalind 
 oblong, i^'/oicer* on long pedicels. Calyx |-1 in., turbinate, 10-nerved ; teeth con- 
 torted to the left. Pttals 1 in. «nd upwards, broadly obcordate, red purple. Cajaside 
 •ubsessile, included. Seeds biconvex, equally striate-tuberculate. 
 
 Sect. II. Melandryum. Petals with membranous scales. Capnde 
 4-5-valved, valves entire or 2 -fid. 
 
 ♦ Stem scape-like, I- rarely 2-3-flowered. Seeds compressed or angled, 
 winged, not granulate or tubercled : wing thick or inflated. 
 
 2. Xi. apetala, Linn. ; stem short glandular-pubescent 1- rarely ^3- 
 flowered, calyx inflated subglobose with broad purple-brown nerves, petals 
 with a very short emarginate or bifil limb, carpophore very short or 0. 
 Melandryum apetalum, Hohrb. inLinnoBa, xxxvi 217. M. Falconeri, i?oAr6. 
 Ic. 220. 
 
 Alpimb Himalaya and Tibet, alt. 12-17,000 ft. ; and to 18,000 ft. in Sikkim.—- 
 DisTBiir. Arctic region!^, mouniaius of N. Europe, Asia, and America. 
 
 Stems tufted, 2-6 in., often ciirved. Leaves radical linear-lanceolate or spathulate, 
 obtuse or acute ; caulinc 1-2 pair. Flowers nodding. Caiyx k-% in long, mouth con- 
 tracted, more open in fruit, membranous, pale between the broad dark nerves, which are 
 yariable in disposition, simple or sparingly branched, the secondary free or uniting with 
 the primary in the short broad calyx-teetb. Petals excessively variable in length and 
 bretuith and in the subentire crenate or lobed scales, purplish. Capsule turgid ; valves 
 
lychnis.] XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE.f:. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) QQS 
 
 bifid, erect or recurved ; Carpophore glabrous or tomerlose, alwayB very short. Seeds 
 very variable, tV"tV ^^- dium., with a uarrow or ljro»d wiag- — I cannot distinguish 
 L. Falconeri, Rohr,, even as a permanent variety ; it is characterized as having a more 
 open calyx in fruit. 
 
 '^XH. pallida, stems usually 2-flowered, calyx v6ry pale with green undefined veins. — 
 Western Tibet, Falconer^ Henderson. 
 
 3. Im, ttigrreseend, Edgew, ; stem simple glandular-pubescent 1-flowered, 
 calyx inflated subglobose with broad purple-brown nerves, petals with a 
 short retuse limb, carpophore |-i th« length of the capsule brown-tomentoi? j, 
 L. tristis, Herb. Ind. Or. H. /. ^ T. Melandryum macrorhizum, liohrK in 
 Linnaea, xxxvi. 228, not of Royle. 
 
 Alpinp SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 11-16,000 ft., J. D. H. 
 
 Similar in many respects to L. apetala, but stem more leafy, calyx larger and more 
 inflatec^ almost | in. diam., with broader more membranous-edged teeth, and a very 
 different carpophore. The nerves of the calyx are simple and free in all the specimens, 
 and the seeds are like those oftlie rather narrow-winged forms oi L. apetala. — Rohr- 
 bach is certainly in error in describing this as wingless-seeded, and in referring it to 
 Royie's L. macrorhiza. 
 
 4. Zi. lilinalayensis, Edgew. ♦ stem very slender elongate 1-3-flowered 
 liiinutelv pubescent, leaves usually vety slender, calyx broadly oblong with 
 slender black-purple nerves, petals with a very small blade, carpophore very 
 short pubescent or 0, seeds angular very small narrowly- winged. L. apetala, 
 var, himalayehsis, Rohrh. in Linnma^ xxxvi. 22. L. apetala, var. gracilis. 
 Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. <& T. 
 
 Sjkkim Himalaya, alt. H-14,000 ft., /. D. H. Western Tibet,- Falconer ; Sassar 
 alt. 16-17,000 ft., T.T. 
 
 Probably only a slender form of L. apetala, but easily distinguished by its size 
 (8-16 in.), slenderness, long narrow leaves, narrower smaller - calyx ^~4 "'• long, with 
 usually more slender and free veins, which however sometimes unite in the teeth, aoU 
 small seeds which are pale in Thomson's specimens, black in Hooker's and "Falconer's. 
 
 ** Seeds turgid, renif orm, wingless, graniilate tubercled or echinulate. 
 t Stem short, single- rarely ^-flowered. 
 
 6. Zi. macrorhiza, Boyle ; Benth. jin Boyle III. 80 {not of Bohrh) ; 
 stem short simple 1-flowered and leaves closely glandular-pubescent, leaves 
 obovate-spathulate, calyx broadly oblong inflated pale, nerves faint free or 
 united in the calyx*teeth, petals short, carpophore stout brown-tomentose. 
 L. madens, Jacq. mss. 
 
 Alpine Western Himalaya, and Western Tibet ; Kunawar, Boyle, Jocquentnnt; 
 
 Parang Pass, alf. 15-16,000 ft., T. T.; l\)pi dhunga, alt. lo.OOOft., Slrach. <& Winterb. 
 
 Whole plant 4-6 in., resembling L. apetala^ but leaves broader and more densely 
 
 fmbescent, pale, obtnse or subacute. Calyx 4-| in. Petals apparently deep purple ; 
 imb short, 2-fld. Seeds x>&\e chestnut, absolutely wingless, minutely granulate concen- 
 trically, back rounded. — Royie's specimens are very imperfect, but I think referable to 
 this. 
 
 tt Stem elongate, simple or branched; leaves narrow, linear-lanceolate 
 {rarely ovate in L. Cachemeriana). 
 
 6. X«. braclijrpetala, Ilort. Berd.; stem 1-2 ft. slender hoary simple 
 few or many-flowered, leaves very narrow grass-like glabroUs or miimtely 
 pubescent, nolvers nodding opposite or in short few-flowered opposite cymes, 
 calyx ovoid pale with 10 dark or green simple free or connected nerves, petals 
 very short pale 2-partite, carpophore short glabrous or pubescentor 0, seeds 
 
524 XVIII. CARYUPHYLLE^. (Edj^eworth & Hook, f.) [Li/ehnis. 
 
 reniforiu dark granulate. Melandryum brachypetaluin, Fetizl in Led, .Ft, 
 U<m. i. 326. Var. tibetanum, Rohrh. in Linncea, xxxvi. 232, 
 
 Alpink Himalaya; from SiWtJrn, alt. 12 15,000 ft., /. />. IT., to Kunawar, Jactfue- 
 mont; and Western Tibet, alt. 10-15,000 ft., Str. & WirUerb., Thomaon, &c..— Dis- 
 TKiB. Siberia, Dahuria, Mongolij^. 
 
 Stems strict, very rarely divided except at the base. Leaves 2-5 in., rarely ^ in. 
 broad. Flowers often in distant pairs towards the top of the stem ; pedicel strict, 
 2-bracteolate. Calyx ^ in. long, pale with dark or green nerves, which are very vari- 
 able; teeth spreading in fruit. Petals pale-red or dirty white, included or sJightIv 
 exserted ; claw glabrous or ciliate, obtusely anricied. Seedit njinute. Capsvle with 
 simple or 2-fid teeth. — The nerves of tb'e calyx are somotiuies united at the tin-^, at 
 others free ; at times simple, and again the secondaries branch and unite with the 
 primaries. 
 
 7. Xi. multloaaltot WaU. Cot 622 ; steruB 2-3 ft. strict laxly pubescent 
 Above, leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous or p\iberul«jiis margins scaberulous, 
 flowers very few in elongate racemes nodding, calyx oblong-cauipanulate, 
 nerves green or brown united in the teeth, petals short, limb minute toothed, 
 carpophore short pubescent or 0, seeds reniform dark granulate. Benth. in 
 RoyU III. 80. Melandryum multicaule, Rohrb. in Linncea, xxxvi. 226. 
 
 Tbmpebatk Himalava; Nipal, Wallieh: Kumaon, 10-12,000 ft., Edgew. ; Sikkim, 
 alt. 11,000 ft., /. />. H (flower rather larg^, calyx green). 
 
 A much taller plant than L. brachypetala, inhabiting lower levels, with epamer in- 
 florescence, longer pedicelled fewer flowers and UHuallv broader leaves; bnt probably 
 only a lowland f >rm ; also very near L. nntaM, R'>y!e. Wallich's and Edgcworth's 
 specimens have oalyces \ in. long, with purple nerves ; the Sikkim ones have larger 
 calyces, J in. long, with broader green nerves; in both the venation is very variable. 
 Styles 3-5 and capsule 5-6- or 8-10-cleft. 
 
 8. X«. Caohemerlana, Royk ; Benth. in Royle lU. 80; gtem robust, 
 erect strict simple hoary, leaves from ovate to lanceolate scaberulous, flowers 
 largo erector nodding in subterminal contracted cymes, calyx green oblong, 
 teeth acute, nerves many anastomosing, claw of petals woolly, limb 2-fid, 
 lobes cut, cari)ophore broad den.sely woolly, seeds reniform granulate. 
 Melandryum indicum, var. timbriatum (a form), Rolirb. in Lintuea^ xxzvL 
 235. 
 
 Kashmir, Bojrle, &c. 
 
 An erect rigid spi'cies, with strict rarely spreading cymes. Leaves very variable, 
 2-3 by 4"! in. Calyx membranous, ^-l in. long, teeth acute or acuminate. Petals 
 white or pale, blade about ^ in. long. Carpophore about ^ as long as the 5-fid capsule. 
 — Probably only a form of L. indica, as regarded by Eohrbacb, but the calyx-lobes are 
 usually much more acute. 
 
 9. lam Stewartiiy Edgew. ; stem short, wiry, hoary below pubescent 
 above leafy, leaves very narrow linear spreading l-nerven, flowers few small 
 solitary in the upper leaf axils nodding, calyx oblong pubescent, nerves 
 green faint free or united, teeth rounded, petals obcordate with a very 
 short 2-partite white limb, carpophore densely woolly, styles 3 very short. 
 
 Western Himalata; Upper Chenab and Chamba river, alt. 8-11,000 ft., StewaH. 
 
 A very curious little species, probably polygamo dieecious, of which there ate but 
 scanty specimens, without seed, somewhat resembling SteUaria graminea in foliage, 
 and quite unlike any other Indian species of the genus. Stem 4-6 in., rigid, slender, 
 upper part and pedicels viscidly tomontose. Leaves 2 by yV-iV i"> "gid, keeled by 
 the solitary stout midrib, margins recurved. Pedicels f5olitnry or in opposite pairs, 
 pubescent, with two linear bracts above the middle. Calyx | in. long, roembraiu>us, 
 pubescent, teeth scarious, edges with long curled cilia, Petalt with the claw very 
 
Lychnis.] xvili. caRYophylle^. (Edg6wortli &. Hook, f.) 225 
 
 broafl, auricler], exceeding the calyx ; limb small, recurved ; appendages notched. 
 Capsule exceeding the calyx, 10-cleft. 
 
 ttt Stem elongate^ usually laxly dickotomously branched (simple in L. 
 inflata). Leaves oDate elliptic or lanceolate. 
 
 10. Zi. inflata, Wall. Gat. n. 618; minutely pubescent, stem simple 
 erect 1-3-flowered leafy, leaves elliptic or lanceolate lower petioled, flowers 
 large terminal drooping, calyx very inflated pale with dark brown nerves, 
 teeth rounded, petals with a broad claw 2 large appendages and a short 
 rounded limb, carpophore short woolly, seeds reniform compressed, back 
 furnished with rows of long soft setas. Benth. in Eoyle III. 80. Melan- 
 dryum inflatum, Rohrh. in Linncea xxxvi. 226. Agrostemma inflata, Don 
 Gen. JSyst. i. 417. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya ; Kumaon, Blinhworth. 
 
 Stem rather stout, 10-16 in., glandular-pubescent above, nodes swollen. Leaves 
 14-2^ by |-^ in,, acute or acuminate. Pedicels slender, ebracteolate. Calyx f in. 
 long, nearly as broad, membranous ; nerves free or uniting in or below the broad hya- 
 line rounded teeth, which are not ciliate. — A very curious and distinct form, the seeds 
 of which are quite peculiar. It is singular that it should have escaped the notice of all 
 collectors in Kumaon since the days of Blinkworth, the first explorer of the Flora of 
 that region. 
 
 11. Ii. indica, Benth. in Royle III. 81 ; finely-pubescent, stem leafy dif- 
 fusely dichotomously branched, leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate or orbi- 
 cular, panicle lax many-flowered, calyx oblong inflated, nerves green or 
 browji, lobes short rounded, carpophore short broad pubescent, petals with 
 a 2-fid or fiuibriate limb, seeds reniform granulate. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5500-10,000 ft., from Nipal to Marri. 
 
 A tall dichotomously branched spreading weak herb, 2-3 ft. high ; stem below some- 
 times as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves variable, more or less ovate-lanceolate, lower 
 petioled, largest 4 in. long, membranous, flaccid. Flowers drooping when young, in 
 open or contracted panicled glandular-hairy cymes ; pedicels ebracteate. Calyx 4-| in. 
 long, glandular-pubescent ; nerves 10-15, free or combined, simple or branched ; teeth 
 broad, obtuse rarely acute. Petals very variable, usually white inside and purplish out- 
 side ; appendages short, obtuse, often crisped. Capsule ovoid, teeth 5, simple or bifid. 
 Seech minute, very dark, the granulations on the back stronger than on the sides. 
 
 Var. 1. indica proper; petals with a short 2-fid blade, lobes entire or 2-tnothed, 
 styles usually 3. Silene indica, Boxb. Hort. Bevg. 34 ; PL Ind. ii. 447 ; Wall. Cat. 
 264 irt part. Melandryum indicum var. genuinum, Rohrh. in Linncea, xxxvi. 234. 
 
 Var. 2. fimhriata, Wall. Cat. 619 (Sp.) ; petals with a longer lacerate or fimbriate 
 blade, the lobes linear 2-fid, styles usually 5. Benth. in Eoyle III. 80, t. 20 B. L. erio- 
 stemon, Wall. Cat. n. 620. Melandryum indicum var. fimbriatum, Bohrb. I.e. 
 
 12. Zi. nutans, Benth. in Boyle III. 80 ; finely pubescent, stems dif- 
 fusely dichotomously branched, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate or orbi- 
 cular, panicle lax few-flowered, calyx globose inflated, nerves green or 
 brown, lobes short rounded, carpophore short pubescent or 0, petals with a 
 short purple crenulate limb, seeds reniform granulate tubercled on the back. 
 Melandryum nutans, Bohrb. in Linncea^ xxxvi. 229. L. ciliata. Wall. Cat. 
 n. 621. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kunawar, alt. 7500-11,000 ft. ; Marri, alt. 
 10-12,000 ft. 
 
 Very closely allied to L. indica^ but apparently a smaller plant, more flaccid, with a 
 shorter more globose calyx, and short crenulate corolla-limb. Uhe upper leaves are 
 sometimes orbicular-cordate. 
 
 VOL. I. Q 
 
226 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE^. (EdgGwortli & Hook, f.) [Lychnis. 
 
 13. Xi. pilosa, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 34; clothed especially 
 above with long spreading flaccid hairs, stem erect or diflusely branched, 
 leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, panicle lax few-flowered, calyx oblong, 
 nerves green, lobes short, petals with a 2-lobed limb, lobes bifid, carpophore 
 short or long, seeds reniform, granulate on the sides, back with long pro- 
 cesses. Melandryum nutans (a form), Rohrb. in Linnaa, xxxvi. 229. 
 
 Western Tempekate Himalaya, from Garwhal to Kashmir, alt. 9-12,000 ft.,. 
 Boyle, Edgeworth, &c. 
 
 Very closely allied to L. nutans, if not, as Rohrbach considers, a variety of. that 
 plant; it is best distinguished by the long flaccid hairs, and ecbinate dorsal face of the 
 seeds; the latter character is not a very good one, as a passage can be established 
 between the seed of L. iudica in which the dorsal granulations are but little lar^^er 
 than the lateral, through that of L. nutans to that of L. pilosa. There are two forms 
 of this species, the original, with the calyx nearly an inch long and a long woolly car{io- 
 phore; and another with smaller calyx (altogether like that of iy. nutans), and a shoit 
 carpophore. The styles are 5. 
 
 14. Zi. cancellata, Jacquem. mss. ; densely hoary-pubescent, stem erect, 
 simple, leaves ellijjtic-lanceolate or orbicular, panicle C(»ntracted few- 
 flowered, flowers suberect, calyx 5-lobed to below the middle viscid glan- 
 dular, lobes subacute, petals with an auricled claw and short 4-tid Hmb, 
 carpophore woolly, seeds granulate. 
 
 KuNAWAR, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Jacquemont, Royle, &c. 
 
 Erect, rather slender, covered with close-set often rather long and spreading hairs, 
 glandular above. Leaves very variable, 1-2 in. long, radical petioled, cauline eehsile, 
 acute or acuminate. Elouers in rather distant pairs, shortly pedicelled, inclined. 
 Calyx J^-^ in. long, subcampanulate, green, densely tomentose or woolly ; nerves 10, 
 meeting in the segments, broad, green ; lobes oblong, erect or somewhat spreading, 
 ciliate, tips often recurved. Pttals with the claw woolly, limb about \ in. long ; scales 
 2-fid. JStamens woolly. Styles 4-5, — The deeply cleft cal\ x is the best mark for this 
 species, but possibly not a good one, as I observe some irregularity in the divisions, 
 suggesting an abnormal condition of that organ. 
 
 The following Indian species of Lychnis contained in the Kew Herbarium are in too 
 imperfect a condition for determination. 
 
 L. PUMiLA, Jioyle; Btnth. in Jioyle III. 80 ; Jtohrh. in Linncea, xxxvi. 227 (Melan- 
 dryum). 
 
 Ij. cuneifolia, Jioyle; Rohrb. I.e. ; a densely tomentose short large-rooted species, 
 with spathulate leaves, in a very young state fn-m Kunawar. 
 
 Melandkydm iNTRUSLM, liohrb. in Linncea, xxxvi. 242, is unquestionably iSilene 
 colorata, an introduced plant, alluded to at p. 218. 
 
 There is a Lychnis in the Hei barium difl'ering from any of the above described Indian 
 species, in the upper leaves being linear and rounded at the tip ; its flower resembles 
 that of Z. indica. I have seen'scraps only from the Shiri Pass in Tibet, collected by 
 Heyde, and from Dr. Stewart (locaUty uucertaiu but probably from Tibet). 
 
 9. HOXiOSTSUBX, Linn. 
 
 Annual glandular herbs. Leaves narrow. Flowers in terminal umbel- 
 like cymes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, toothed or notched. Stamens 3-5, rarely 
 10. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3 (-5) ; ovules many. Cajtsule subcylindric, with 
 twice as many short terminal valves as there are styles. Seeds peltate, con- 
 cavo-convex, dorsally compressed, rough ; embryo horse-shoe shaped. — 
 DiSTRiB. &?pecies 3. Europe and W. Asia. 
 
 This genus is distinguished from Arenaria and SttUaria more by habit than by any 
 easily deliued character. 
 
Holostetim.] xviii. caryophylle^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 227 
 
 1. H. uxnbellatuxn, Linn.; leaves rosulate petioled elliptic-oblong. 
 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 709. 
 
 Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. W, Asia, N. Africa, Europe. 
 
 >S^?ewi 4-8 in., very slender, branched below. Leaves {-I in. Flowers few, erect; 
 pedicels ^ in-, deflexed after flowering, erect after fruiting ; bracts small, membranous. 
 Sepals white, obtuse, edges scarious. Petals rather longer, ^ in., white or pale pink. 
 Stamens and styles olteu 3 each. Cajjsules exceeding the sepals. Seeds black. 
 
 10. CBRASTIV]YE, Linn. 
 
 Pubescent rarely glabrous herbs, often glandular, annual or perennial 
 Leaves usually small. Flowers white, in terminal dichotomous cymes. Sepals 
 5, rarely 4. Petals as many, rarely 0, notched o» 2 -fid, rarely quite entire or 
 cut. Stamens 10, rarely 5 or fewer, hypogynous. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 
 usually 3-5 ; ovules mauy. Capsule cylindric, often curved, with twice as 
 many short valves as styles. Seeds compressed, not arillate ; embryo 
 annular.— Distrib. Species about 40, all natives of temperate and cold 
 regions. 
 
 Cerastium like Holosteum is with difficulty distinguished by technical characters 
 from Arenaria and Stellaria. 
 
 Sect. I. Dicbodon. Styles usually 3. 
 
 1. C. trig-ynum, Villars ; perennial, tufted, stem procumbent with 
 alternating hairy lines or glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous, cymes 
 1-3-liowered, bracts herbaceous with membranous edges. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
 i. 715. Stellaria cerastioides, Li7i7i. Sp. FL 604. Diplodon cerastioides, 
 Jieichb. Ic. Fl. Germ, f. 4915. 
 
 Alpine Western Himalaya, ajt. 11-17,000 ft., from Kulu to Kashmir, and in 
 Western Tibet, Boyle, Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Affghanistan, Siberia, W. Asia, 
 Arctic regions, Alps of Europe, 
 
 Nearly glabrous. Leaves |-4 in., distant, obtuse, often recurved. Flowers ^ in. 
 diam. ; pedicels very slender, glandular-pubescent, fruiting reflexed. Sepals linear- 
 oblong, spreading, 1-nerved. Petals deeply 2-fid. Styles usually 3. Seeds with 8 row8 
 of dorsal tubercles. — Altogether intermediate between Cerastium and Stellaria. 
 
 Sect. II. Strephodon. Sti/les 5. Valves of the capsule convolute or 
 recurved at the tip, margins not revolute. 
 
 2. C. dahuricum, Fisch. in Spreng. Piigill. ii. 65 ; tall, glabrous or 
 pubescent below, leaves large oblong sessile or auricled, petals twice as 
 long as the sepals, claws bearded, capsule straight, seeds tubercled. Boiss. 
 Fl. Orient, i. 717. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 10-11,000 ft., from Kumaon, Sir. & Wint. to 
 Marri, Stewart. — Distrib. Dahuria, Siberia, Persia, Caucasus. 
 
 Perennial. Stem stout, ascending amongst shrubs to 12 ft., shining. Leaves 1^- 
 2 in., connate, obtuse or acute, margined. Cymes with divaricating branches and 
 pedicels, which latter are slender, ebiacteolate. Flowers | in. diam. Sepals elliptic- 
 oblong, subacute, shining, with narrow scarious edges. Petals twice as long, obcordate, 
 2 lobed. Capsule twice as long as the calyx, striate, many-nerved ; valves revolute. 
 
 3. C. indicum, Wight d; Am. Prodr. 43 ; slender, glandular-pubescent, 
 leaves subsessile elliptic ovate or lanceolate acute, petals a little exceeding 
 the calyx, capsule straight, teeth recurved. Thwaites Enum. 24; Wight 
 111 i. t. 26. 
 
 Wkstekn Peninsula, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wigld, &o. Cevlox, alt. 6-7000 ft., 
 Thwaites. 
 
 Q2 
 
228 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (EdgewortL & Hook, f.) [Cerastium^ 
 
 Perennial. Stems very slender, flaccid. 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-1^ in., membrjinous, not 
 rtiargined, ciliale, obscurely petioled. ' Covers few, in terminal dichotomcus cymes ; 
 pedicels divaiicate, tomentose. /Sejxih t in., obleng laiiceolafe, acute, margins narrowly 
 scaridus. Cap-ntles rather longer than the sepals. — There is a specimen marked as 
 Mauritian in Herb. Benth., but I suspect it is Indian ;'jt has, however, rather longer 
 petals. 
 
 Sect. III. Orthodon. Styles 5'. Valves of tlie capsule straight or 
 slightly spreading ; margins revolute or recurved. 
 
 4. C. vulgratum, Linn. ; annual*or perennial, tomentose or hairy, glan- 
 dular above, lower leaves spathulate, upper oblong ovate or lanceolate ob- 
 tuse or acute, petals equalling the calyx, rarely or larger, capsules much 
 exceeding the calyx often curved. Wight d: Am. Prodr. 43. 
 
 Throughout the temperate and subalpine regions of Indu and Ceylon, ascending to 
 15,000 ft. in Sikkim and Western Tibet. — Djstrib, Temperate N. Europe and Asia ; 
 introduced into various countries. 
 
 Stems 6-12 in., erect or syberect, simple or branched, stout or slender. Cymes 
 various, few or many-flowered, open or crowded or subcapitate or subumbellate. 
 Flowers ^-^ in. diiuu., sometimes apetalotis or o-androus? Cai^ule very variable in 
 length, and set-ds in amount of granulation or tuberculation. 
 
 Var. 1. glomerata, ThuilHer; annual, pubescence dense spreading, leaves obtuse, 
 cymes at first subcapitate, fruiting pedicels suberect shorter than the sepaLs, bracts all 
 herbaceous, sepals acute densely hairy, margins narrowly membranous. 
 
 Var. 2. trivialis, Link ; annual or perennial, cymes usually open, leaves usually 
 lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate acute, pubescence shorter less spreading, bracts all 
 herbaceous, sepals lanceolate, margin narrowly membranous. 
 
 Vah. .3. grnnr/ijiora, Don Prodr. 216 (sp.) ; annual, flaccid, stems 6-10 in., lower 
 leaves obovate-spathulate, upper oblong, cymes open, bracts herbaceous, pedicels slender, 
 petals twice as long as the calyx. — C. napalerise, Wall. Cat. 628. Temperate Himalaya, 
 alt. 6-10,000 ft. , 
 
 ? Var. 4. tihetica; dwarf, densely tufted, leaves oblong or elliptic, cymes few- 
 flowered, bracts all herbaceous, flowers as in var. 3. grandijiora. — Sassar pass, alt. 
 16-17,000 ft., T. Thomson; Ladak, Stewart. Perhaps a new species, but the specimens 
 are very few. 
 
 ? Vak. 5. memhranacea, Jacq. mss. (sp.) : stem slender erect, leaves oblong-lanceo- 
 late acute, cymes few- flowered, bracts with broad scarious edges, pedicels slender, peials 
 larger than the broadly scarious-edged coloured sepals.— Kunawar, between Uookio- 
 ghat and Doubling, Jacquemont. — Perhaps a different species or a small state of the 
 following, but we have only 2 stems. 
 
 5. C. Thoxnsoni, Jlool-.f.; clothed with spreading glandular hairs, 
 
 stems slender erect, leaves all linear-oblong subacute cymes few-fiowered, 
 bracts with narrow scarious edges, pedicels slender, flowers large, sepals 
 oblong-lanceolate subacute coloured below the scarious tips, much smaller 
 than the broadly-obovate petals. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya; Kishtwar, alt. 11-12,000 ft., T. Thomson; 
 Kuraaon, alt. 10,000 ft., Strach. & Wint.; Lahul, Jae^chle. 
 
 We were at first disposed to regard this as the C. grandifloriim, Don, because of the 
 size of the flower: but that plant having broadly obovate lower leaves is no doubt 
 Wallich's C. napalense (a var. of triviale), which has further much smaller flowers and 
 a very diflerent habit from this. Stems 6-12 in., quite erect, rather slender, copiously 
 hairy, branched at the very base only. Leaves f-l^ in., straight, the very lowest soon 
 withering and more obovate. Cymes subumbellate. Flowers 4-f in. diam., with broad 
 petals. Fruit unknown. 
 
Stellaria.] xviii. caryophylle^. (Ed^eworth &. Hook, f.) 229 
 
 11. STEZ.X.ARIA, Liun. 
 
 Heri)S of various habit. Leaves various. Flowers in dichotomous cymes, 
 niore rarely solitary and terminal, wliite. Petals 5, rarely 4, 2-fid or 2-par- 
 tite or 0, Stamens 10, rarely 8, hypogynous or perigynous. Disk anrmlar 
 or divided into glands. Ovary 1- rarely 3-celled ; styles 3 or rarely 2-5 ; 
 • ovules many, rarely few. Capsule short, splitting to below the middle or 
 to the base into as many entire or 2-fid valves as there are styles. Seeds 
 compressed, tubercled granulate or nearly smooth ; embryo annular. — Dis- 
 TETB. Species about 70, natives of all cold and temperate regions. 
 
 Sect. I. Schizosteg-iuxn, Fend. Subscandent or decumbent herbs. 
 Ovary 3-celled. Oapside 1-2-seeded. 
 
 1. S. crispata, Wall. Cat. 633 ; tall, glabrous, pubescent above, leaves 
 large sessile oblong or linear-oblong from a cordate base long-acuminate, 
 edges crisped, flowers small. S. monosperma, Don Prodr. 215. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft, from Sikkim to Kashmir; Khasia Mts,, 
 alt. 5-6000 ft. 
 
 Booi^ of fleshy fusiform fibres. Stem 2-4 ft., 4-angled, shining with a line of fine 
 hairs, nodes often hairy. Leaves 2-9 in., often broadest beyond the middle, pale 
 beneath, rather coriaceous, nerves very faint, one intramarginal, tips very slender, 
 margin scarcely thickened, more or less crisped. Cymes much branched, pubescent, 
 peduncles and pedicels divaricate, very slender. Sepals ^ in., oblong-lanceolate, acumi- 
 nate, margin narrowly scarious. Petals as long or twice as long as the sepals. Seeds 
 1 or 2, granulate. 
 
 2. S. paniculata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 35 ; tall, glabrous or 
 ciliate, leaves petioled lanceolate or elliptic long-acuminate, flowers very 
 small pubescent. S. media, Wight Cat. 145, not of Linn. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-11,000 ft. ; Sikkim, .7. D. H.; Knmaon to 
 Sirmur, Royle, Edgeworth, &c. Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft., Griffith, &c. Nilghiri 
 Mrs., Wight, &c. 
 
 Nearly glabrous or laxly pubescent throughout. Stem 2 ft. high and more, decum- 
 bent or suberect, weak, shining, with a line of hairs above. Leaves 14~^ i"-) very 
 variable in shape, membranous, long or sbortly acuminate, nerves spreading, one intra- 
 marginal." Cymes glandular pubescent, much branched; pt'duncles and pedicels very 
 slender, spreading. Sepals pubescent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, i-^ in. Petals notched, 
 shorter than the sepals. Capsule equalling the calyx. Seeds wrinkled. 
 
 3. S. drymarioides, Thwaites Eniim. 24; procumbent, rooting, gla- 
 brous below, glandular-pubescent above, leaves petioled orbicular or broadly 
 elliptic acute or apiculate, flowers small densely pubescent. 
 
 Ceylon ; Harpootelle pass, alt. 4000 ft., Walker, Thivaites, 
 
 Stems slender, Haccid, 4 angled ; branches erect. Leaves \-\\ in. diara., with a few 
 scattered hairs ; petals ^V-3 iii- ; nerves spreading. Cymes with long slender spreading 
 peduncles and pedicels, the latter often thickened upwards. Petals 2-fid, half as long 
 as the sepals. Di-ih 5-lobed. Capsule included, 1-seeded. — Closely allied to S. 
 paniculata and probably a broad-leaved state of that plant, the foliage and habit closely 
 resemble Drymaria cordifoUa, which may at once be distinguished by the nervation of 
 the leaf. 
 
 Sect. II. nXalachlum, Fries. Sep(ds free to the base. Stamens hypo- 
 gynous. Sttjles usually 5. Ovary 1-celled. Capsule with 5 2-fid valves, 
 many-seeded. 
 
 4. S. aquatlca, Scopoli ; slightly glandular above, stem diflfuse decum- 
 bent angular, leaves ovate-cordate. Cerastium aquaticum, Linn. Mala- 
 bhium aquaticum, Fries ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 731. 
 
)230 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgewortli & Hook, f.) [Stdlaria. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; from Nipal to Marri, alt, 4-8000 ft. — Distrib. N. and W. 
 Asia, N. Africa, Europe. 
 
 Perennial. Stem 1-3 ft, brittle, branched, often trailing over bush^^s. Leaves 
 ]-l4 in., membranous, lower shortly petioled, acute, sometimes ciliate. Flowers 4 in. 
 diam., axillary. Sepals lanceolate, enlarged in fruit. Pctah with diverging lobes. 
 Capsule 1 in., ovoid, rather exceeding the sepals; peduncle deflexed, curved at the tip. 
 JSeeds globose, tubercled. 
 
 Sect. III. Stellarla proper. Sepah free to the base. Stamens hypo- 
 gynous or subperi gy nous. Ovary 1- celled ; styles 2-3. Capsule with -1-6 
 entire valves. Seeds numerous, rarely few. 
 
 5. S. media, Linn. ; stem procumbent with aline of hairs, leaves ovate 
 acuminate lower petioled upper sessile, cymes many-flowered, sepals green 
 subacute or obtuse, petals shorter than the glandular sepals or 0, stamens 
 3-10, styles 3, seeds opaque strongly tubercled or echinate. Wall. Cat. 631 ; 
 Wiglit Ic. t. 947; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 707. S. monogyna, Don Frodr. 215. 
 Alsinella Wallichiana, Beidh. in Wall. Cat. 630. 
 
 Throughout the Panjab, and temperate regions of India, ascending in the Himalaya 
 to 12,000 ft., and in Western Tibet to 14,500 ft. Ceylon; Newera Ellia, probably 
 introduced,— Distrib. All Arctic and N. temperate regions, a doubtful mitive elsewhere. 
 
 A very common and most variable weed. Stems 6 in. 2 ft., generally much branch«'d, 
 flaccid, green. Leaves 4-1 i"-. lower long-petioled, ovate or conlate, upper sessile, 
 elliptic or lanceolate. Flowers axillary and in terminal cymes, ^-^ in. diim.; pedicels 
 slender, glabrous or glandular-pniiescent. t^cpals obtuse or subacute, Imirv glandular or 
 covered with raised points. Capsule ovoid, longer than the sepals. Seeds brown, 
 acutely tubercled. — I lou-ers 4-merou8 and apetaluus in Alpine Sikkim specimens. 
 
 6. S. slkkimensis, Ho<jk.f.; decumbent, stems shining below, much 
 branched laxly pubescent or villous with spreading hairs, leaves small sessile 
 ovate or ovate-lanceolate rarely cordate, cymes terminal many-tlowered, 
 sepals lanceolate acuminate pilose nmch exceeding the 2-partite petals, 
 stamens 10, styles 3, capsule not exceeding tbe sepals. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya; common, alt. 5-9000 ft., Ilerh. Orifith, J. D. U. 
 
 Often forming matted tufts, clothed with flaccid brown 'spreading hairs. Leaves 
 ^-§ in., spreadiu'' recurved or reflexeil, acute, very .shortly-petiolcd, opaque, hairy on 
 both surfaces and ciliate. Flowers \ in. diam. ; pedicels rather longer than the sepals, 
 spreading, decurved in iVuit. Sepals with broad scarious margins. Capsule elongate 
 ovoid, rather longer than the sepals ; valves 5, entire. Seeds many, minute, opaque, 
 scarcely tubercled. — bubalpine specimens have more coriaceous deflexed l-aves, with 
 strongly recurved margins. Nearly allied to S. saxatilis, but less perigynous, more 
 laxly hairy, and cymes much shorter peduncled and terminal. 
 
 7. S. semivestita, Edgew. ; more or less woolly, stem elongate stout 
 decumbent much branclieel leafy, leaves spreading and recurved subulate, 
 peduncles axillary nnich exceeding the leaves, sepals lanceolate acuminate 
 with broad scarious margins shorter than the petals, stamens 10, styles 3. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya ; Kumaon, alt. 6-8000 ft. ; Lohoo-ghat and 
 Padooka Taola, T. IViomson; Chaur. Slracli. & Wint. 
 
 Forming large compact or I.tx tufts. Stems 6-18 in., terete below ; branches ascend- 
 ing, crowded, very leafy, white with woolly hairs. Leaves 4-| in., gradually recurved 
 from a broad base, 1-nerved, woolly on both surfaces or glubrate. Flowers 4 in. diam.; 
 peduncles 1 in., very woolly. Sepals ^ in., very acuminate, back striate, tomentose. 
 Fetals 2-partite, rather broad. Fruit unknown. 
 
 8. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 642 (Leucostemma) ; glabrous, stem slender 
 decumbent branched leafy, leaves spreading linear or acicular, pedicels 
 
Stellaria.] xviii. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 231 
 
 axillary capillary very long, sepals lanceolate acuminate much shorter than 
 the 2 fid petals, stamens 8, styles 2. Benth. in Royle III. 81, t. 21, f. 2. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kumaon to Sirmur, Blink- 
 worth, &c. 
 
 Sterna zigzas:, 6-12 in., 4-angled. Leaven J in., shining, with long acicular points, 
 1-nerved, sessile, rather rigid. Flowers axillary, suberect, | in, diam. ; pedicels strict, 
 1-2 in., erect in fruit. Sepals shining, \ in. ; back striate, margins broadly scarions 
 shining. Pefah 2-fid to about tlie middle, lobe? narrow obtuse. Capsule equalling the 
 sepals, ovoid, ti-valved. /Seeds pnle-brown, reniform, compressed, back echinate with 
 long processes. 
 
 9. S. latifolla, Benth, in Wall. Cat. 643 (Leucostemma) ; glabrous 
 below, tomentose above, stems decumbent flaccid laxly tufted, leaves sub- 
 sessile margins acuminate, lower broad-ovate or cordate, upper elliptic, 
 pedicels very slender, sepals oblong or subulate-lanceolate much shorter 
 than the 2-fid petals, stamens 8, styles 2, capsule much shorter than the 
 sepals. Benlh. in Royle III. 81, t. 21, f. 1. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft. ; Kuma,ou,' Blinkworth, &c. ; Gar- 
 "whal, Falconer. 
 
 Stems 2-10 in., flexnous, 4-angled, glabrous, shining except the young, which are 
 laxly tomentose, much branched. Leaves; lower, 4-§ in-, almost orbicular at timt^s, 
 shortly petioled, suddenly mucronate, margins thickened, veins diverging, upper smaller 
 narrower. Flowers 4 i"- diam. ; pedicels terminal and in the uppermost axils, capil- 
 lary, glabrous. Sepals green, with a narrow scarious border. Pe?a/s_2-fid to about the 
 middle, lobes oblong obtuse. Capsule short, ovoid, included, membranous, hyaline, ap- 
 parently bursting irregularly. Seeds orbicular, brown, nearly sniooih. 
 
 10. S. bulbosa, Widf, ; rhizome slender creeping tuberiferous, stem 
 slender simple with a line of hairs, leaves few obovate or elliptic-lanceolate 
 subacute, pedicel solitary subterminal capillary erect, sepals 4-5 much 
 shorter than the broad petals. DC. Prodr. i. 397 ; Cesatiin Linn<Ea, xxxii. 
 253, t. 1. Kraschninnikowia rupestris, Turcz. in Led. Fl. Ross. i. 373. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, in woods at the roots of trees,; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 
 10-12,000 ft., /. D. H. Jamu to Marri, alt. 6-9000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson, &c.— 
 DiSTRiB. Siberia, Carinthia, N. Italy. 
 
 A very peculiar and interesting little plant in respect of structure and distnbution, 
 confined to Carinthia and Transylvania in Europe, and to Siberia and the Himalayas 
 in Asia. Stem 1-5 in., erect, very slender. Leaves 2-6 pairs, 1-1^ in. long, rather 
 fleshy, sessile or contracted into a petiole; margins sometimes ciliate ; midrib slender, 
 nerves very obscure. Flowers olten dimorphic, the lower on the plant from the inferior 
 pedicels or rhizomes being minute apetalous and ripening seeds, the subterminal large, 
 4 in. diam , rarely or not producing seed. Sepals herbaceous, oblong-lanceolate or lan- 
 ceolate, 4-| in. shorter than the white petals. Anthers purple. Sti/les filiform. Capsule 
 8-angled, 4-valved to the base. Seeds few, large, tuberculate. — The seeds of Siberian 
 specimens have long processes on the back. 
 
 11. S. tibetica, KurzinRegensh. Flora. 1872, 285 ; whole plant densely 
 glandular-pubescent, stem ascending rather robust, leaves sessile oblong 
 subacute or acate, cymes erect peduncled few-flowered, peduncle and pedi- 
 cels stout, bracts ovate coriaceous, sepals much shorter than the petals, 
 elliptic acute margins submembranous. 
 
 Western Tibet; on limestone rocks near Trantse Lundo, in Kamag, alt. 
 14_17,000 ft., Dr. StoUczha. 
 
 Stem 3-5 in., cylindric, base glabrous shining. Leaves snberect, ^-f in., opaque, 
 midrib slender, nerves obscure. Cymes auxiliary and terminal, robust ; pedicels longer 
 or shorter than the flowers, the lateral 2-bracteoiate. Flowers ^ in. diam., erect. CcUyx 
 
232 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [SfcUana. 
 
 rounded at the base, quite free. Petals half as lonsr as^ain as the sepals, 2-fid to the 
 middle. /'i7r<m6w^.j.8lender, hvpogynous. Disk 0. aS'/^^* 3, slender ; ovules numerous, 
 Capavle broadly ovoid, shorter than the sepals, 6-valved, inserted by a very narrow base. 
 Seedi (unripe) apparently solitary, large, muricate. 
 
 Sect. IV, Iiarbraea, aS'^. Hil. Sepals more or less connate at the base 
 into an obconic tube. Stamens 8-10, perigynous ; filaments linear or subu- 
 late, not suddenly dilated at the base. Ovary 1 -celled ; styles 3, rarely 4. 
 Capsule 4-6-valved; valves entire. Seeds numerous.— Usually flaccid laxly 
 caespitose herbs. 
 
 * More or less pubescent woolly or silky. 
 
 12. S. lanata, Hook. J.; stems slender decumbent glabrous below, 
 branches pedicels sepals and leaves beneath densely woolly, leaves 
 si»reading and recurved linear-oblong, sepals small oblong acute, petals 
 minute, stamens 8, styles 3, capsule twice as long as the sepals. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 9-14,000 ft., in gravelly places, /. D. H. 
 
 Stevis laxly tufted, veiy slender, 8-12 in., below cylindric and shining; branches 
 4-angled and leaves beneath clothed with snow-white soft wool. Leaves J-| in., sessile 
 or subcordate at the base, opaque above, l-nei-ved. narrowed to the pnint, but hirdly 
 acuminate, dull green. Cymes few-flowered, terminal. J^^lowers ^ m . dium . ; pedicels 
 rather longer than the leaves, erect in fruit, rarely deflexed. Sepals with narrow 
 Bcarious margins. Petals very obscure, 2-fid or 2-partite, lobes slender. Capaule oblong- 
 ovoid, 4-6-valved. Seeds brown, reniform, granulate. 
 
 13. S. long'lsslxna, Wall. Cat. 632; stems slender decumbent glabrous 
 below, branches i)edicels and leaves softly silky, leaves sessile linear-oblong 
 or -lanceolate spreading or recurved, pedicels slender, sepals narrow- 
 lanceolate equalling the 2-partite ])etals, stamens 10, capsule shorter than 
 tlie sepals 5-cleft. S. patens, JJ071 Prodr. 215. S. Fenzliana and S. mollis, 
 Klotzsch in Bot. lieis. Pr. Waldem. p. 141, t. 29. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Sikkim, J. D. II., to Sirmur, 
 Jacqiiemovt. 
 
 Stems 6-18 in., much-branched, laxly tufted, cylindric below, 4-angled above, upper 
 parts and leaves on both surfaces and peduncles clothed with lon^ lax hilky hairs. Leaves 
 f-l| in., sessile, acute, flat, opaque, l-norved. 'Floioers 4 in. diam., axillary or in ter- 
 minal few-flowered cymes; peduncle erect, J-1 in.; bracts with scarious edges. Sepals 
 ■y in., glabrous, with broaa scarious mart^'ins. Petals with rather broad segments, 
 usually deeply 2-partite. Filaments slender. Capsule ovoid, 5 valved. Seeds dark- 
 brown, minute, turgid, tubercled. — Klotzsch's L. Pemlii is distinguished by the more 
 deeply divided petals and by being less pubescent. 
 
 14. S. sazatllls, Ilamilt. in Wall. Cat 634; stem long decumbent 
 shining, upper parts densely soft tomentose, leaves subsessile ovate elliptic 
 or oblong rarely cordate acute tomentose on botii surfaces, cymes axillary, 
 sepals tomentose exceeding the 2-partite petals, stamens 10, styles 3-4, 
 capsules equalling the sepals. Don Prodr. 215. 
 
 Tkmperate Eastern and Central Himalaya; Nipal, WalUch ; Bhotan, in wet 
 places, alt. 5-7000 ft., Griffith. Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., iSimons, &c.— Dibtrib. 
 Java, Siberia, Japan. 
 
 Stems 2-3 ft., laxly tufted, cylindric ; pubescence of the upper parts, leaves and inflo- 
 rescence close dense almost woolly, sometimes very thick and closely appressed. Leaves 
 ^-li in., sessile or very shortly petioled, midrib faint. Cymes on slender peduncles, 
 usually from the forks, very slender, subunibellately branched, pedicels 1-1 ^ in., diva- 
 ricating ; bracts linear-subulate. Flowers ^ in. diam. Sepals almost woolly, oblong, 
 acute, margin very narrowly membranous. Petals 2-partite. Filmnents slender. 
 Capsule 5- valved. Seeds almost black, tubercled. — Some Bhotan specimens have very 
 
Stellaria.] xviii. caryophylleje. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 233 
 
 ^densely tomentose cordate thick almost coriaceous leaves. The Javanese have recurved 
 much more glabrous and acute leaves. 
 
 ** Glabrous, or leaves ciliolate tmuards the base only. 
 
 15. S. graxninea, Linn. ; glabrous, stem very slender (rarely short) 
 suberect 4-angled, leaves sessile narrow linear-oblong acute, margins 
 thickened smooth often ciliate towards the base, cymes terminal branched 
 or reduced to one flower, sepals linear-oblong 3-nerved margin narrow equal- 
 ling the petals, stamens 10, capsule shorter than the sepals. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
 i. 707. 
 
 Western Tibet; alt. 11-15,000 ft., 21 TAowsow. — Distrib. Afifghanistan to W. 
 Europe. 
 
 Everywhere glabrous except the margins of the leaf towards its base. Stems 
 3-10 in., suberect or decumbent and tufted, shining, 4-angled. Leaves \-l in., sessile, 
 narrowed at the base, sides almost parallel, opaque, somewhat glaucous, midrib and 
 nerves obscure, margins thickened, quite smooth, sometimes undulate. Cymes spread- 
 ing; pedicels very slender, divaricating, |-1 in.; bracts oblong-lanceolate, with broadly 
 scarious margins. Flowers erect, about ^ in. diam. Sepals green, shining, obtuse or 
 acute. Petals 2-partite. Filaments slender. Styles 3. Capsule always shorter than 
 the sepals, 5-6-valved. Seeds orange-brown, granulate. 
 
 Var. montioides ; stems short densely tufted, leaves small short, cyme reduced to 
 1 flower.— Alt. 15-17,000 ft. 
 
 16. S. g'lauca, Withering ; quite glabrous, stem suberect or erect 
 4-angled, leaves sessile oblong or linear-lanceolate acuminate, margins 
 thickened perfectly glabrous, pedicels subsolitary terminal and axillary 
 slender spreading in fruit, sepals linear-oblong half as long as the broad 
 2-lobed petals, stamens 10, capsule equalling the sepals. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 
 708. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya; Lahul, Jaesclihe; Western Tibet, Indus valley, 
 T. Thomson. — Distkib. Siberia, W. Asia, Europe, Oreenland. 
 
 Perennial. Stems 1-2 ft., slender. Leaves 1-2 in., sessile, base rounded, ascending 
 or erecto-patent, midrib distinct, nerves obscure. Flowers J-| in. diam. ; pedicels 
 rather stout, stric^t, 1-3 in.; bracts membranous. /Se^a/s oblong- or lanceolate-oblong, 
 acute or acuminate, green, 3-nerved, margins bi'oadly scarious. Filaments slender. 
 Capsule broadly ovoid, equalling the sepals, on rather spreading pedicels. Seeds 
 strongly granulate. 
 
 17. S. ulig'inosa, Linn.; glabrous or with a few hairs at the base 
 of the leaves, stems slender 4-aMgled, leaves sessile small ovate or oblong, 
 lanceolate, cymes axillary and terminal, pedicels at length defle^ed, sepals 
 lanceolate acute, petals minute or 0, stamens 10, styles 3, capsule equalling 
 or a little exceeding the sepals. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 708. S. thymifolia, 
 Wall. Cat. 636 (apetalous, leaves short broad). S. aquatica, Poll. ; Wall. Cat. 
 635 (glaucous, leaves oblong). 
 
 Temperate and x\lpine Himalaya; in wet places, from 4-10,000 ft. (to 16,000 fl. 
 in Sikkim), common. Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft. IS'ilghiri Mts., Wight. — Distrlb. 
 Temperate N. Hemisphere. 
 
 Animal, very variable in size and habit, much branched, very leafy and copiously 
 flowering, often glaucous. Stem 6-18 in., erect or diffuse. Leaves rarely | in., with 
 often thickened sometimes undulate margins and mucronate tip. Cymes slender, 
 peduncles short or long ; bracts scarious. Flowers ^ in. diam., sometimes solitary, 
 pedicels slender. Calyx-tube obscure. Filaments slender. Capsule ovoid, 6-valved. 
 Seeds small, minutely tubercled. 
 
 18. S. subuxnbellata, Edgew. ; perfectly glabrous, stem very slender 
 ascending, leaves sessile linear or elliptic-oblong acute, cymes terminal or 
 
234 xvni. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edg-Gworth & Hook, f.) [Stellariu. 
 
 flowers solitary, pedicels capillary deflexed in fruit, flowers very sin all, sepals 
 ovate-lanceolate acute, petals 0, stamens 5, styles 3, capsule cylindric twice 
 as long as the sepals. 
 
 Interior of the Rikkim Himalaya, alt. 12-16,000 ft., J.D.B. Western Tibet; 
 Nubfa, alt. 11-15.000 ft., T. Thomson. 
 
 Stems 6 in. high in Niibra specimens very slender simple, stouter shorter and more 
 tufted in the Sikkim ones. Leaves ^-\ in., with thickened margin and tip, not nnicro- 
 nate. Flowers^ \n. di\dixa..\ pedicels 4-1 in- ", bracts scarioiis. Coli/x base obscure; 
 sepals green, stninglv 3-nerved, with broad scarious margins. Filaments slender. 
 Styles short. Capsule ^ in. l"))g, straiglit, 5-valvcd. tSeeds pale brown, distinctly 
 granulate. — Very near the Baikal <?. umhellatt, Turcz. (Led, Flor. Ross. i. 394), but 
 the bracts are not numerous and crowded, and the seeds are not perfectly smooth, but 
 strongly granulate. 
 
 19. S. depauperata, Edgew. ; quite glabrous, stems slender flexuous 
 red-brown, leaves spreading and recurved sessile oblong-lanceolate acute, 
 pedicels few axillary and terminal elongate curved wiry, flowers small, 
 calyx with a broad turbinate base, sepals lanceolate acute petals 0, styles 3 
 very short, capsule 6-valved, seeds few. 
 
 Alpine Sikkim Hlmalaya ; Yenmtong in gravelly places, alt. 1.5,000 ft,, /. D. H. 
 
 A very singular little species, of which there are but few specimens, all gathered in 
 one spot. Stems 3-4 in., wiry, flexuous, 4-angled, dark red brown. Leaves tew, \ ^ in., 
 in distant pairs. Pedicels \-^ in. long, wiry, floxuous. Cah/x base large and bn>a<l ; 
 sepals I in., dark green with broad scarious edges. Filaments linear. Ovary short, 
 ovoid; styles 3, very short. Capsule shorter than the sepals. — The structure of the 
 flower approaches that of Sect. Adenonema. 
 
 Sect. V. Adenonema, Bunge. Sejxih connate at the broad base. 
 Petals minute or 0, rarely equalling the sepal'?. Stamens 8-10, perigynous ; 
 filaments dilated at the base. Disk glandular. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3. 
 Capsule 3-5-valved. Seeds 1 or few or many. — Densely tufted Alpine 
 herbs. 
 
 20. S. decumbens, FAlgeiv. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 35 ; laxly or 
 densely tufted, usually very shining, stems stout or slender and i)edicels 
 densely pubescent or villous, branches 8[)arse or closely imbricate often 
 fascicled in axillary globose tufts, ovate or oblong or lanceolate-subulate 
 acicular-pointed (rarely acute or obtuse) 1-nerved, margins thickened gla- 
 brous or ciliate, flowers solitary or cymose, sepals 4-5 oblong-l.-tnceolate, 
 petals usually very short 2-partite narrow, capsule shorter than the sepals, 
 seeds 2-8 opaque nearly suiooth suborbicular. 
 
 Alpine and Siiualpine Himalaya, in rocky and grav.lly places, alt. 11-15,000 ft. 
 (18,000 ft. in Sikkim). 
 
 A very common and variable Alpine Himalayan plant, allied to S. petrcea, Bungc, 
 but at once distinguished by its shorter shining le.ss rigid leaves, and denser pubes- 
 cence. — We are quite unable to distinguish the folfewing varieties specifically, though 
 var. 4 is less connected by intermediates than the others, and may be different. 
 a. Flowers solitary. 
 
 Var. 1; tufts large lax shining 6-18 in. broad, leaves | in. usually imbricate 
 often in axillary tufts usually ovato-siil)ulate, sepals .5, petals minute. — S. petrjea, 
 Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. (not of Bnnge). — Sikkim and Kunawar. 
 
 Var. 2. Edgeworthii; tufts lax shining, stems slender, leaves sparse slender spread- 
 ing \ in. subulate-lanceolate, petals minute. — S. decumbens, Edgew. I.e. — Kumaon. 
 
 Var. 3. minor ; stems slender 2-4 in., leavps shining or not J in. ovate- or lanceolate- 
 subulate often in axillary fascicles, sepals 4, petals minute. — Sikkim. 
 
 Vae. 4. Stracheyi; stems slender 2-4 in., leaves J in, not shining ovate-subulate, 
 
Stellaria.] xviii. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Ed^eworth & Hook, f.) 285 
 
 petals equalling the 5 sepals —Kumaon, alt. 12-13,000 ft., Str. & Wint. [tvith S. & W. 
 No. 6). ^ 
 
 Var. 5. pulvinata; forming dense globose or cushion-like masses, opaque or shining, 
 leaves densely imbricate ovate-subulate or the lower ob]6ng and rounded at the tip 
 usually ciliate, sepals 4-5 coriaceous. — Garwhal, at great elevations, 16-18,000 ft., 
 Str. d' Wint. ; Western Tibet, T. Thomson ; Sikkim, /. D. H. 
 h. Flowers cymose. 
 
 Var. 6. polyantha; tufts dense shining, stem stout, leaves \-\ in., ovate- or lanceo- 
 late-subulate ciliate or pubescent, cymes sessile many-flowered, sepals 5, petals minute. 
 — Kashmir, Royle; Sikkim, J.D.H. 
 
 Var. 7. acicularis; stems lax and leaves very shining, leaves erecto-patent rigid 
 narrow subulate-lanceolate keeled, margins smooth, cymes pedimcled lax many- 
 flowered, bracts large concave scarious, sepals 4-5, petals minute, — Sikkim, at Tungu, 
 alt. 12-14,000 ft. 
 
 12. BRACKVSTEBZl^A, Don. 
 
 A diffuse subscandent branching herb. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers 
 numerous, in axillary or terminal panicles. /S'^^^a/s 5,subscarious. Petals 5, 
 minute, narrow and quite entire. Stamens 10, 5 without anthers. Ovary 
 1-celled ; styles 2; ovules 4. Cop.si^/e globose, depressed, 4- valved, 1 -seeded. 
 Seed reniform or globose, tuberculate. 
 
 1. B. calycinum, Don Prodr. 646 ; Fenzl in Endl. Atakt. t. 16. 
 
 Temperate Central and Eastrrn Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 
 4-7000 ft., J. D. H. ; Bhotan, Griffith; Khasia Mrs., alt. 3000 ft. 
 
 Glabrous Stems 6-8 ft., clambering amongst bushes, 4-angled, shining, brittle. 
 Leaves 1^-3 in., petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous beneath, triple-nerved, mar- 
 gins obscurely crenulate. Cymes 3-6 in., pedicelled, terminating lateral branches 
 or axillary ; bracts linear; pedicels slender. Flowers ^-§ in. diam. Sepals oblong- 
 lanceolate. Petals, stamens and pistil all very small compared with the scarious sepals. 
 
 13. ABENABIA, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial, often tufted herbs. Leaves broad or narrow. 
 Flowers white or pink, solitary or in dichotoinous cymes. SejMls 5. Pet(ds 
 5, entire lacerate or retuse, never 2-fid or 2-partite, rarely 0. Stamens 5, 
 perigynous or subhypogynous. Stamens 10, rarely 5, hypogynous or more 
 often inserted on the perigynous lobed or annular disk. Ovary 1 -celled ; 
 styles 3-4 (rarely 2) ; ovules usually many. Capsule short, rarely exceeding 
 the sepals, valves 2-6. Seeds compressed or turgid, smooth or tubercled. — 
 DiSTEiB. Species about 130, all natives of cold and temperate regions. 
 
 A. Capsule with as many valves (usually 3) as there are styles. 
 
 Sect. I. Alsine. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves in the Indian spe- 
 cies broad fiat. Flowers small, cymose white. Calyx not thickened at the 
 base. Styles 3. Seeds compressed, striate or granulate. 
 
 1. A. trichotoma, Poyle mss. ; perennial erect, dichotomously 
 branched, branches long strict spreading finely pubescent, leaves glabrous 
 linear or linear-oblong from a broad sessile base, cymes long peduncled tri- 
 chotomous, pedicels slender, bracts scarious, petals equalling or exceeding 
 the ovate-oblong acute broadly-margined sepals, seeds 3-5 orbicular com- 
 pressed. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya; Kunawar, alt. 8-' 0,000 h., Jacquemont, BoyU, 
 &c. — DiSTRiB. Aflghanistan. 
 
 iJ early glabrous, 1-1 ^ ft. Stems rather stout and flexuous at the base ; branches terete, 
 
236 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Arenaria. 
 
 very strict. Leaves ^-14 in. in distant pairs, or spuriously whorled, subacute, thick, 
 opaque, 1-nerved, acute, margins somewhat recurved. Cymes very lax, strict, slender, 
 branches and pedicels very long ; bracts and bracteoles small. Flowers \ in. diani., 
 erect. Calyx rounded and not hardened at the base ; sepals quite glabrou-^, obscurely 
 1-nerved. Styles 3, slender. Capsule subglabrous, 3-vaIved. Seeds striolate, much 
 compressed, pale red-brown. 
 
 2. A. Ztleyeri, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 682 (Alsine) ; annual, fastigiately 
 dichotomous, clothed with spreading glandular hairs, leaves suberect subu- 
 late 7-nerved, pedicels short, sepals rigid subulate-lanceolate strongly nerved, 
 petals very short, seeds small granulate. 
 
 I^ANJAB, near Peshawur, Vicary, Stewart. — Distrib. Affghanistan, and westward to 
 Syiia and A.sia Minor. 
 
 A small ri^'id erect annual, 4-6 in. Stems cylindric. Leaves ^-h in., more or less 
 recurved. Calyx ^ in. long; base rounded or suKacute ; sepals erect, rigid, green, 
 slightly recurved, pungent, outer 5-, inner 3-neived, nerves and margins white. Petals 
 ovate-oblong. Stamens sometimes 6 and 7. Styles 3. Capsule oblong, much shorter 
 than the sepals, 3 valved. Seeds red-brown, orbicular reniform, compressed. 
 
 3. A. foliosa, Royle mss. ; quite glabrous, loosely tufted, stems much 
 branched, brandies slender leafy, leaves very narrow linear subacute spread- 
 ing often flexuous 1-3-nerved, cymes long-peil uncled subumbellate, brac- 
 teoles short ovate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate strongly 3-nerved 
 shorter than the entire petals, capsule ovoid rather longer than the sepals, 
 valves recurved, seeds reniform dorsally granulate. Alsine lloylei, Feud 
 in Herb. Btnth. 
 
 Western Subalpine Himalaya, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from Garwhal to Kashmir, Royle, 
 Jacquemonf, &c. 
 
 Perennial, branched from the base; branches 2-6 in., loosely or densely leafy. 
 Leaves ^-§ in., usually spreading, never rigid or pungent, not -^^ in. broad, bright 
 green. Peduvcles sparingly leafy, strict, erect ; bracts and bracteoles coriaceous, acute, 
 coMcave; petlicels equalling or exceeding the sepals. Calyx rounded and not indu- 
 rated at tne base ; sepals J in., coriaceous, pungent, nerves much raised, inner with 
 scarioufi edges. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds small, pale brown. — Perhaps' a form of yl. 
 jvnijyerina, Fenzl (Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 677), a native of Persia and W. Asia. 
 
 4. A. kashmlrica, Edgew. ; glandular-pubescent rarely glabrous, 
 densely tufted, stems much branched, branches leafy, leaves narrowly linear- 
 subulate acute spreading strongly 3-nerved, cymes peduncled subumbellate, 
 bracteoles ovate-subulate strongly nerved, sejials ovate-lanceolate acuminate 
 strongly 3-nerved shorter than the entire petals, capsule ovoid rather longer 
 than the sepals, valves recurved. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-7000 ft., T. Thomson; Lahul, Jaeschke; 
 Western Tibet, Falconer. 
 
 Very similar to A. foliosa, but usually glandular-pubescent throughout, leaves more 
 subulate. and rigid, very strongly nerved, lateral nerves often marginal, and bracts very 
 different ; Howers smaller ; pedicels often shorter than the sepals ; petals longer ; the 
 capsule and seeds are similar. 
 
 B. Capsule with twice as many valves as there are styles. 
 
 Sect. IL Eremo^oneeB, Perennials, u.sually densely tufted. Leaves 
 crowded, subulate rigid setaceous or grass-like. Sepcih often hardened at 
 the base. Disk-glands usually large. 
 
 * Peduncles elongate. Flowers usually ajmose, 
 
 5. A. festucoidesy BetUh. in Royk III. 81, t, 21, f. 3 ; densely tufted, 
 
Arenaria,] xviii. CARYOPHYLLEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 287 
 
 leaves densely crowded subulate pungent rigid recurved 1-nerved beneath 
 ciliolate, peduncles 1- or few-flowered glandular-pubescent, sepals lanceolate 
 or subulate-lanceolate straight or recurved 1-3-nerved, margins broadly 
 scarious shorter than the petals, capsule oblong 5-6-valved to the base 
 shorter than the sepals, seeds flat with a narrow fimbriate wing. 
 
 Western Alpine Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kunawar; alt. 11-13,000 ft., Boyle, 
 Jacquemont, &c. Western Tibet, Karnali river, alt. 15,500 ft., Strach. & Wint. 
 
 Very variable iu stature, 2-8 in. Leaves with axillary fascicles, ^-\^ in., shining, 
 rather concave above, usually recurved, pungent, margin cHiolate, nerve strong beneath. 
 Peduncle 1-6 in., erect or curved, leafy, U rarely 2-5-flowered, always very glandular ; 
 bracts ovate-subulate, with broadly scai'ious margins ; pedicels shorter or longer than 
 the sepals. Calyx scarcely thickened at the base ; sepals \ to nearly \ in., from ovate- 
 lanceolate to subulate lanceolate, sometimes falcate, long acuminate, pungent, margin 
 broadly scarious, back green with 3 approximate nerves, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. 
 Petals sometimes twice as long as the sepals, obovate, variable in length and breadth. 
 Capsule coriaceous, rarely equalling the sepals. Seeds very flat, pale. 
 
 Var. imbricata ; smaller, stems very short densely tufted, leaves \ in., peduncles 
 very short. ? A. imbricata, J/, Bieb. Fl. Tuur. Cauc. i. 344, which differs only in the 
 capsule exceeding the sepals. — Ledebour and Boissier {Fl. Orient, i. 673), both refer 
 A. imbricata to Alsine, but the capsule in original specimens is distinctly 6-valved. 
 
 6. A. Griffithii, Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 697 ; suff'ruticose, tufted, glabrous 
 or glandular, leaves densely crowded short subulate pungent rigid straight 
 or recurved 1-nerved beneath ciliolate, peduncle several-flowered, sepals 
 ovate acute concave obscurely nerved shorter than the petals, capsule glo- 
 bose 6-valved shorter than the sepals. 
 
 Western Tibet ; Dras valley, alt. 8-10,000 ft., T. Thomson. — Distrib. Affghanistan. 
 
 A more robust species than A. festucoides, with usually shorter though quite as ris^d 
 leaves, short concave ovate-subulate bracts, more numerous and smaller flowers, calyx 
 rounded and much thickened at the base, broader sepals, and a globose or very broadly 
 ovoid coriaceous capsule. 
 
 ** Flowers always solitary, sessile or very shortly pedicelled. 
 
 7. A. musciforxnis, Wall. Cat. 6401 ; glabrous, most densely tufted, 
 root long woody, stem very short densely leafy, leaves subulate spreading 
 and recurved rigid minutely ciliate, flowers sessile solitary, sepals oblong- 
 lanceolate acute 3-nerved rather shorter and narrower than the linear 
 obovate petals. 
 
 Alpine Eastern and Western Tibet, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Welh, Jacquemont; 
 Balch pass, Strach. <& Winterb.; Karakoram and Parang passes, &c., T. Thomson; 
 Tibetan Sikkim, alt. 15-16,000 ft., /. D.R. 
 
 Forming matted hard tufts ; roots very long, strong, woody. Leaves subsquarrose 
 when dry pale green, ^-^ in., with broad sheathing scarious bases, 1-nerved below. 
 Flowers sessile, solitary, ^ in. diam. Calyx narrow subtruncate and hardened at the 
 base ; sepals green with broad scarious margins, outer 3-, inner 1-nerved. Petals per- 
 sistent, tip rounded. Filaments long, slender. Styles 3, slender. Capsule apparently 
 never fertilized in the specimens collected, small, globose, 5-6-valved to the base.— The 
 leaves of the Sikkim specimen are ^ in., which is longer than those of the Western 
 Himalaya. 
 
 8. A. polytrichoides, ^c/^(?m;. ; most densely tufted, branches together 
 with the most densely imbricating leaves cylindric, leaves sliort spreading 
 and recurved subulate from a broad scarious sheathing base rigid pungent, 
 channelled in front convex on the back, margins thickened obscurely ciliate 
 towards the base, flowers minute subsessile, sepals broadly elliptic obtuse, 
 petals larger broadly obovate, capsule broad equalling the sepals. 
 
238 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Ed^Gworth & Hook, f.) [Arenaria. 
 
 Tibetan reirion of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 14-17,000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 Forming hemisphirical moss-like tufts of densely packed cylindric stems 1-4 in. long, 
 clotlied with old leaves below, together with the<se about | in. diam. Leaves ^-\ in., 
 bright green, shining. Peduncles lengthening a little in fruit. Calyx roundc^d and 
 much thickened at the base; sepals fV ^"-1 ^'^''J obtuse, concave, without scarious mar- 
 gins, obscurely 3-nerved. Petals broader and longer than the sepals, obovate. FilamenU 
 slender. /Styles 3. Capsule broadly ovoid, coriaceous, 1-celled, shortly 5-6-valved. 
 jSeeds small, black, rather angular, nearly smooth. 
 
 9. A. monticola, Edgtw.; glabrous, very densely tufted, branches 
 densely leafy, leaves short spreadinj^ and recurved subulate from a broad 
 scarious slieathmg base rigid tip acicular margin thickened minutely 
 ciliate, midrib prominent on both surfjices, fli)ral larger lanceolate-subulate 
 scarious, flowers large sessile, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate witli 3 close- 
 set green nerves in the axis much smaller than the broad obovate petals. 
 
 Tibetan region of the S.kkim Himalaya, alt. 15-16,000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 Forming large 8ubsquarro>e green patches, 6-12 in. broad; roots long, woody; 
 branches with the leaves about § in. diam. L aves ^ in., rigid, midrib very strong, 
 briu'ht green, shining. Flowers '\ in. dianj., bracteate by tlie 2 upper pairs of leaves. 
 Calyx truncate, not thickened at the base ; sepals ^ in., nerves very strong, approxi- 
 mate. Petals 4 in. long, persistent, white, shortly clawed. Filaments slender. Styles 
 3, slender. Cajisule apparently never fertilized, small, subglobose, 6-valved. 
 
 ' 10. A. pulvinata, Edcjew. ; densely tufted, branches densely leafy, 
 leaves short subulate from a scarious sheathing base semi- cylindric mucro- 
 nate margin not thickened strongly ciliate, midrib usually obsolete, flowers 
 sessile, sepals ovate-lanceolate subacute with 3 close-set nerves in the axis 
 much smaller than the obovate petals. 
 
 Tibetan region of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 15-18,000 ft., /. D.H. 
 
 Forming suiall subglobose densely compacted subsquarrose tufts; branches with the 
 leaves on \-}^ in. diam., pale green. Leaves spreading and recurved, \-\ in., vi-ry 
 strongly ciliate, almost fimbriate towards the base, flat above, back convex up to the 
 tip, which is abruptly mucronate. Flowers | in, diam., not bracteate by the enlarged 
 upper leaves (as in A. monticola). Calyx .rovndcd and thickened at the base; sepals 
 vith hard scarious njargins, about half as large as the })etals. Disk-(,lands distinct. 
 Filaments slender. StylfS 3, slender. Capsule ovoid, about ^ in., shorter than the 
 sepals, 6-valved, Seeds obovaterenifurm, nearly smooth, pale, 
 
 11. A. oreopbila, Ilooh. f. ; nearly glabrous, densely tufted, stems 
 shoit densely leafy, leaves spreading and recurved rigid narrowly linear- 
 subulate from a broad sheathing base semi-cylindric' acute margins not 
 thickened quite glabrous, midrib obsolete, flowers very shortly pedicelled, 
 sepals nearly orbicular concave nerveless half as long as the narrow 
 obovate-spathulate petals. 
 
 Tibetan region of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 18,000 ft., /. D. H. 
 f Forming small subglobose dens.-ly compacted tufts ; branches with the leaves \-^ in. 
 diam. Leaves nearly ^ in. long, spreading, nearly flat above, convex to the tip be- 
 neath ; uppermost pair short, bract-like, ciliolate. Flowers ^ in. diam., solitary; 
 pedicel shorter than the calyx, stout, puberulous Calyx rounded and somewhat thick- 
 ened at the base ; sepals coriaceous, ciiiolate. Petals vary narrow, tip rounded. 
 Filaments s'ender. Disk glands prominent. Styles short. Capsule broadly ovoid, 
 obtuse, rather exceeding the sepals, coriaceous, 6-valved to the base. Seeds ear- 
 shaped. 
 
 14. A. g'lobiflora, Wall. Cat. 639; densely tufted, stems short pubescent 
 densely leafy, leaves spreading subulate-lanceolate imngent from a narrow 
 membranous base concave 1 -nerved, margin scaberulous, flowers globose, 
 
Arenaria.] xviii. caryophyle^. (Edg-eworth & Hook, f.) 239 
 
 pedicels short pubescent with several pairs of ovate pungent bracts, sepals 
 orbicular-oblong palmately veined rather shorter than the orbicular-ovate 
 petals. Fe?izl in Ann. Mies. Wien. i. 60, t. 7. Cherleria grandifiora, Don 
 Frodr. 214. 
 
 Alpine region of the Nipal Himalaya, at Gosain-than, Wullich. 
 
 Forming small compact hemispherical tufts ; roots long, fusiform. Stems 1-2 in. 
 Leaves '6 in., rigitl, base ciHate. Flowers ^ in. diam., peduncle about as long, with 
 2-3 pairs of concave bracts. Calyx rounded at trie base; sepals membranous, mar- 
 gins very thin, arose. Petals retuse. Filaments very rigid, subulate, cohering into an 
 annular disk at the base. Ovary spherical ; styles 2-3, short. Capsule much shorter 
 than the sepals, membranous, 6-valved. — Don describes the flowers as rose-coloured, 
 which we cannot affirm, and the stigmas as capitate, which is not the case, nor do we 
 find the capsule to be 3-celled, as Don says it is. 
 
 13. A. densissima, Wcdl Cat. 640 ; densely tufted, stems clothed with 
 the imbricating leaf-bases, leaves recurved subulate-lanceolate from a narrow 
 base pungent concave nerveless keeled below, margin quite smooth, flowers 
 axillary solitary shortly pedicelled, bracts elliptic concave mucronate, sepals 
 ovate half as long as the very narrow petals. FenzlinMm. Wien. i. 60, t. 7. 
 Cherleria juniperina, Don Frodr. 214. 
 
 Alpine ? region of the Nipal Himalaya, Gosain-than, Wallich. 
 
 Forming large compact tufts ; roots long, woody. Stems crowded, 3-4 in., densely 
 leafy, rigid, fragile. Leaves |-^ in., almost deflexed, shining. Flowers very suiall. 
 Sepals subacute, ^-^ in. long. Fttals liuear-spathulate. Capsule globose. 
 
 Sect. IV. Euthalia. Lax or tufted, usually perennial. Leaves ovate 
 or oblong, broad, never subulate. Flowers cymose or solitary. Di^k usually 
 conspicuous. Capsule 6-valved. Seeds numerous, rarely few. 
 
 * Cymes few- or many- rarely \-Jlowered, 
 
 14. A. serpyllifolia, Linn.; annual, stem pubescent all round exces- 
 sively branched, branches decumbent or suberect, leaves subsessile uvate 
 acuminate 1-3- nerved ciliate, cymes many-flowered, bracts leafy, sepals 3-5- 
 ribbed pubescent. Boiss. Fl. Orieiit. i. 701 ; Wall. Cat. 637. A. Wallichiana, 
 Seringe in Wall. Cat. 638. 
 
 ^ Subtropical and Temperate Himalaya, from Nipal to Kashmir; Rohilkund and 
 the Panjab, alt. 1-11,000 ft.; Western Tibet, alt. 11-13,000 ft., T. Thomson.— 
 DiSTRiB. Aflghanistan, Temp. Europe and Asia. 
 
 Branching from the root, many-flowered; branches 2-10 in., slender, dichotomously 
 branched, leafy, hairs often recurved. Leaves \-lm.y rather rigid. Flowers ^-\ in. 
 diam. ; pedicels slender, strict, eiect in flower, erect or spreading in fruit. Sepals ovate- 
 lanceolate much exceeding the petals. Capsule 6-valved, ovoid, about as long as the 
 sepals. Seeds tubercled. 
 
 15. A. neel^errensis, Wight <& Am. Frodr. 43 ; annual, stem pubes- 
 cent on one side much branched, branches decumbent, leaves subsessile 
 elliptic or obovate obtuse or mucronulate 1 -nerved ciliate, cymes few- or 
 many-flowered, bracts leafy, sepals ovate acute 1 -nerved, nerve pubescent. 
 
 North-West Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft., from Jamu to Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c. 
 NiLGHiRi Mts., Wight, &c. 
 
 Very similar to A. serpyllifoUa, but of laxer habit, leaves more elliptic often petio- 
 late sometimes obovate, branches chiefly hairy on one side, sepals usually broader and 
 seeds less tubercled, but these characters are far from satisfactory. — Wight and Arnott 
 describe the petals as longer than the sepals, which is not a constant character, and the 
 "styles as varying from 2-4. 
 
240 xviii. CARYOPHYLLKiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Arcn/iria. 
 
 16. A. orbiculata, i?o?//e mss.; biennial or perenniaH, branches very 
 slender nearly glabrous decumbent, leaves sessile or shortly petioled orbi- 
 cular or elliptic obtuse or apiculate 1 -nerved, petiole ciliate, aepals ovate or 
 lanceolate 1-nerved glabrous. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Bhotan, Griffith, and Sikkim, alt. 8-13,000 ft., to 
 Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft. 
 
 Much more slender and less dichotoniously hranched than A. serpytlifolia, to which 
 it is closely alHed. Branches 2-10 in., thinly pubescent chiefly on one side. Leaves 
 ^-J in., nearly glabrous. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes. Sepals about 
 
 1 in., nerve often ftiint. Petals shorter than the sepals. Seech many, smooth. — Appa- 
 rently very near the West Asiatic A. rotundifolia, M. Bieb. (Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 700), 
 but the branches do not root, and the cymes are much fewer-flowered. 
 
 *■* Floivers solitary. — Usually small tufted large-Jlowered alphie species. "^ 
 
 17. A. ciliolata, Fdr/ew.; perennial, hairy, eglandular, laxly tufted, 
 stems short leafy pubescent, leaves ovate or oblong acute cusjjidate or acu- 
 minate nerveless fringed with long liexuous jointed hairs, flowers large 
 solitary sessile or shortly pedicelled, sepals lanceolate acute ciliate shorter 
 than the broadly obovate white petals. 
 
 Sikkim Himalaya; alt. 15-17,000 ft., J. D. H. 
 
 Perennial, forming rather lax patches ; roots fibrous. Stems matteJ, 2-3 in., with 
 
 2 obscure Hues of hairs. Leaves spreading, \ in., sometimes elliptic, rather thick, 
 obscurely 1-nerved, shining when old, margin obscurely thickened, hairs brown when 
 dry, sometimi'S scattered over the surfaces, but chiefly confined to the margin. Floioera 
 nearly 4 i"- diam. ; pedicels shorter thin the leaves, very pubescent, ebracteatfj. 
 Calyx rather rounded at the base ; sepals of the texture of the leaves, edges hardly 
 membranous, nerve obscure. Petals with i-Dunded tips. Filaments subulate, flattened, 
 connate at the base. Styles 3, slender. Capsule imperfect, small, globose, 6valved. 
 
 18. A. g'landuli^era, Edgew.; densely glandular-pubescent, stems 
 short laxly tufted suberect, leaves lax ovate or elliptic-oblong acute or 
 acuminate flat, nerves obscure, flowers solitary pedicelled terminal erect or 
 inclined, calyx rounded at the base, sepals spreading and recurved linear 
 acute or obtuse glandular much smaller than the obovate rosy petals, cap- 
 sule 6-valved shorter than the sepals. 
 
 Alpine Himalaya; Kashmir, Falconer; Barji Kang pass, Kumaon, alt. 14,500 ft., 
 Strach. & Wint.; interior of Sikkim, alt. 14-18,000 ft., /. D. II. 
 
 Allied to A. cili'data, and of the same habit, but smaller and densely glandular- 
 pubescent, without the long flexuous articulate hairs of that plant, having also much 
 smaller flowers. Stems numerous from the root, J -2 in., rather stout shining and 
 glabrous below, laxly leafy. Leaves ^-\ in., pale green, glandular on both surfaces, 
 soft, opaque, margins hardly thickened. Flowers ^-\ in. diam, ; pedicel usually 
 shorter, slender. Calyx thickened at the base ; sepals with membranous margins. 
 Filaments flattened and united at the base in a glandular ring. Styles 3. Capsule 
 membranous, few-seeded. Seeds pale. 
 
 19. A. Stracheyi, Edgew. ; quite glabrous, stems short laxly tufted 
 suberect, leaves lax narrow linear-oblong acute or acuminate flat, nerves ob- 
 scure, flowers solitary pedicelled terminal erect or inclined, sepals suberect 
 lanceolate acuminate smaller than the obovate petals, capsule 6-valved 
 shorter than the sepals. 
 
 Westkrv Tip,et, north of Kumaon, near Eakas Tal, alt. 15,500 ft., Strach. tfe 
 Winterh. ; Ladak, Steicart. 
 
 This belongs to the same group as A. glanduligera and ciUolata, and may be recog- 
 nised by being perfectly glabrous. Stems 1-2 iu., ascending, simple. Leaves fleshy, 
 
Aremria.] xviii. caryophylle^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 241 
 
 5-| in., very pale when dry, tip acute rather cartilaginous, margins not thickened, mid- 
 rib very obscure. Flower 4-| in. diam. ; pedicel short, stout, ebracteate. Sepals coria- 
 ceous. Petals apparently white. Seeds small, somewhat ear-shaped, pale, opaque, 
 nearly smooth. 
 
 20. A. melandryoides, Edgew. ; glandular-pubescent, stems laxly 
 tufted suberect, leaves lax oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate obtuse coria- 
 ceous 1-nerved, flowers terminal solitary pedicelled nodding, calyx truncate 
 at the base, sepals erecto-recurved obtuse glandular much shorter than the 
 linear rose-coloured petals, capsule 4-6-valved exceeding the calyx. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 14-18,000 ft., J. D. H. 
 
 Perennial ; roots slender fibrous. Stem 2-4 in. long, laxly fascicled, branched from the 
 base ; branches cylindric, erect or ascending, simple or sparingly divided, naked below. 
 Leaves ^-§ in., in rather distant pairs, sessile, dull green or purplish, glandular on both 
 surfaces, almost fleshy. Flowers solitary, terminal, rarely axillary, |-1 in. diam., 
 pedicel short and curved in flower, densely glandular, much elongated strict and erect 
 in fruit. Calyx subcampanulate, thickened at the base; sepals \ in. long, narrow, 
 green, nerveless, margins not membranous. Petals very variable, sometimes | in. long, 
 tip rounded. Filaments slender. Disk-glands inconspicuous. Styles 2-3. Capside 
 ovoid, exceeding the calyx, 4- or 6-valved, membranous. Seeds large, irregularly 
 formed, testa pale spongy (young seeds orbicular and broadly wintred). — A very curious 
 plant, with something of the habit of Stellaria cerastioides, very glandular, with pink or 
 purplish flowers. It unites this section with the following. The testa is very lax and 
 appears in the immature seed as a broad white wing around the undeveloped nucleus. 
 
 Sect. V. liepyrodiclis, Fend (gen.). Flaccid usually tall herbs. Leaves 
 broad, flat. Petals often erose or lacerate. Flowers cymose. Bisk annular 
 or obsolete. Styles 2, rarely 3. Capsules 2-6-valved, membranous, 1-6-seeded. 
 Seeds with a thick or tubercled testa.— This section is usually upheld as a 
 genus and described as having a distinct disk, 2-3-valved capsule, and only 
 2-4 seeds, but we find none of these characters to hold good. 
 
 21. A. holosteoides, Edgew. ; a tall slender flaccid glabrous or pube- 
 rulous much branched herb, leaves linear or linear-oblong from a broad 
 sessile cordate base acute or acuminate, cymes few-flowered, pedicels slender 
 divaricate, sepals obtuse and petals very variable, tip retuse not lacerate, 
 capsule 2-6-valved 1-6-seeded, seeds large tubercled. Lepyrodiclis holo- 
 stei)idt's, Fenzl in Ledeh. Fl. Ross. i. 359 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 686. Gouffeia 
 crassiuscula, Camh. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 30. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya and Western Tibet, from Kumaon to Kashmir, 
 alt. 7-12,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.— Distrib. Affghanistan, Soongaria, and Westward 
 to Asia Minor. 
 
 Whole plant glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Stem 2-3 ft., much dichotomously 
 branched, shining and striate when dry. Leaves 1-3 in., spreading, midrib and very 
 oblique nerves exceedingly slender. Cymes pedicelled. Flowers J-^ in. diam., white, 
 nodding; pedicels ^- J in, ebracteate. Calyx not thickened at the base ; sepals from 
 linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate-oblong, green with membranous edges, glabrous or 
 very hairy and glandular at the back. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals, linear- 
 spathulate or broadly obovate, notched or letuse. Filaments with broad flattened free 
 bases. Dii^k 0. Styles 2-3, filiform, elongate. Capsule subglobose, shorter than the 
 calyx, very membranous, variable in size, 2-6-valved to the base. Seeds on tumid funi- 
 cles, variable in number and size, turgid, red brown or blackish, with concentric rows 
 of acute tubercles ; cotyledons long flattened, radicle short. — We do not find the sub- 
 hypoLiynoas gland described by Fenzl (in Ledebour, i.e.), nor any disk in this and the 
 two following species. A most variable plant, especially in the sepals petals capsule 
 and number of seeds. 
 
 VOL. L 5 
 
242 x\'lil. CARYOPHYLLE^. (Edg^ewortli & Hook, f.) [Arenaria. 
 
 22. A. Benthaml, Edgew.; tall, slender, flaccid, glandular-pilose, much 
 branched, leaves sessile ovate acute hairy on both surfaces, cymes few- or 
 many-flowered, pedicels slender divaricate, sepals oblong- or linear-lanceo- 
 late, petals obovate-spathulate lacerate, capsule 2-6-valved. Adenostemnia 
 glandulosum, Betith. in Wall. Cat. 645. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya; Kumaon, Blinkworth; Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft., /. 7). H. 
 
 Stems 2-3 ft. high, clothed with spreading jointed glandular hairs. Leaves f-l^ in., 
 the lower petioled, midrib indistinct, nerves obsolete, margins ciliate. Cymes peduncled. 
 Flowers ^ in. diam., nodding ; pedicels slender, deflexed in fruit, ebracteate. Calyx not 
 thickened at the base ; sepals very glandular, erect and recurved, green with narrow 
 membranous margins. Petals longer than the calyx, white. Disk obsolete. Filaments 
 slender, dilated below, but hardly connate. Styles usually 2, not eo capillary as in 
 A. holosteoides. Capsule usually 4-valved, smaller than the calyx. Seeds few, with a 
 thick spougy opaque hardly tubercled testa. 
 
 23. A. debilis, Ilook.f. ; stems solitary or laxly tufted flaccid glan- 
 dular-pilose sparingly branched or simple, leaves sessile elliptic-ovate ob- 
 tuse hairy especially above, flowers solitary terminal or in fevv-flov\cred 
 cymes, pedicels divaricate, sepals linear-lanceolate petals obovate, tip 
 arose. 
 
 Alpine Sikkim Himalaya; alt. 14-16,000 ft. /. D. H. 
 
 Very like a small form of^.' Benthami, but smaller in all its parts ; leaves more ob- 
 tuse ; flowers not | in. diam. ; petals not lacerate and broader, merely irregularly toothed 
 at the tip; filaments much shorter inserted on an evident thickened annular disk. — 
 Small states come very near A. glanduligera, which however may at once be distin- 
 guished by the large flower acute leaves and the petals. 
 
 24. £L. tenera, Edgew. ; glabrous or pubescent, stems filiform flaccid in- 
 tricately branched, leaves long-petioled elliptic or ovate- or oblong-lanceolaie 
 acute, flowers small axillary, pedicels capillary, sepals ovate-oblong or lan- 
 ceolate acute half as long as the linear quite entire petals. Lepyrodiclis 
 tenera, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 669. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya; Kishtwar and Banahal, alt. 6-8000 ft., T. Thom- 
 son. — DisTHiB. Atfghanistan. 
 
 A very slender intricately tufted annual, with stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves scattered, 
 membranous, ^-f in., petiole often longer than the blade, ca[)illary. Flowers usually 
 axillary, ^-J in. diam.; pedicels divaricate, i-1 in. Sepals variable in form, erect and 
 conniving in flower, then spreailing, ciliat^ at the back. Petals white, gradually 
 dilated upwards. Filaments very slender, hardly united at the base. iJisk obsolete. 
 (^apsule globose, smaller than the sepals, usually 4-valved and 4-8ceded. iSeeds sub- 
 glol)ose, with concentric series of acute tubercles. — In the Aflghan specimens the petals 
 appear lacerate, but it is exceedingly difficult to lay them out after being dried without 
 rupturiug the apices. 
 
 14. SAGZNA, Linn. 
 
 Small annual or perennial herbs. Leaves subulate, connate at the base ; 
 stipules 0. Flowers solitary, small, axillary and terminal, pedicelled. iSepnls 
 4-5. Petals 4-5, entire or 0. iSiamens 4, 5, 8, 10, perigynous. Ovary 
 1-celled ; styles 4-5 (and valves of cap.sule) opposite the sepals ; ovules 
 numerous. Capsule 4-5-valved to the base. }:i€eds reniform. — Distrib. 
 Temperate regions ; species 8. 
 
 1. S. procumbens, Linn. ; perennial, stems many tufted, primary 
 shoots flowerless, lateral slender with fascicled usually procumbent and 
 rooting branches, sepals 4-5 spreading in fruit, petals very small. Boiss. 
 Fl. Orient, i. 662. 
 
Sagina.] xviii. CARYOPHYLLE^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 243 
 
 Tkmperate and Alpine Himalaya, and Western Tibet, alt. 7-14,000 ft., ascending 
 to 16,000 ft. in Sikkim. — Distkib. N. and S. Temperate Zones. 
 
 Whole plant 1-6 in., bright green. Leaves glabrous or ciliate, usually mucronate. 
 FUiwers globose, green, rarely 5-merous, J in. diam., pedicels erect or curved at the tip. 
 Sepals obtuse. Capsule a little longer than the sepals. 
 
 VAR. pentamera ; flowers'pentamerons. — This may be referable to S. Linnosi, Presl. 
 (saxatilis, Wimmer), but differs in the short petals. 
 
 15. TKVX.ACOSFERBIVBZ, FenzL 
 
 A most densely tufted herb. Leaves minute, most densely imbricate, 
 short, acute ; stipules 0. Flowers solitary, sessile in the tips of the branches. 
 Calyx-tvhe obconic, 4-5-lobed, lobes suberect. Petals 4-5, small, obovate- 
 spathulate. Stamens 8-10, inserted on the edge of a disk lining the calyx- 
 tube. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2-3, filiform ; ovules few. Capsule coriaceous, 
 spherical, 4-6-valved. Seeds few, large, with a soft loose cellular testa. 
 
 1. T. rupifragrum, Schrenh. Periandra csespitosa, Cambess. in Jac(j[. 
 Voy. Bot. '11 and t. 29 (Flourensia). Bryomorph'a rupifraga, Kar. ^ Kir. 
 Enum. PL Soong. Arenaria rupicola, Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 780. 
 
 Alpine Western Tibet, alt. 15-18,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Soongaria, 
 Forming large hemispheric cushions a foot across and more, quite glabrous. Leaves 
 ^—^7^ in., auhertict, or spreading most densely 5- fariously imbricate, ovate, acuminate, 
 pungent, shining, nerveless, back convex, concave above with thickened margins. 
 Floivers Yjy in. diam. Capsules shining, 4- or irregularly 6-valved. Seeds very large, 
 irregularly compressed, almost white; — A very singular plant in habit, closely allied to 
 Arenaria densissima, &c. 
 
 16. SPERGVZiA, Linn. 
 
 Annual or perennial herbs, with forked or fascicled branches. Leaves op- 
 posite, often with leafy buds in their axils, whence the foliage appears to be 
 whorled ; stifmles small, scarious. Flowers in peduncled panicled cymes. 
 Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5 or 10, rarely fewer, inserted on a 
 perigynous disk. Ovary 1-celled; styL^s 3 or 5, ovules many. Caj^side 
 with 3 or 5 entire valves. Seeds compressed, margined or winged. — Dis- 
 trib. Weeds of cultivated grounds ; species 2-3. 
 
 The valves of the capsule are described as opposite to the sepals, but this does not 
 hold good where there are but 3 valves and 5 sepals. 
 
 * Leaves apparently whorled. 
 
 1. S. arvensis, Li7in. ; green, leaves in false whorls linear-subulate 
 
 l-terete grooved beneath rather fleshy, petals obtuse white, seeds keeled 
 or narrowly winged granulate or papillose. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 731. 
 
 Cultivated fields in various cool parts of India ; and throughout the Northern hemi- 
 sphere. 
 
 Pubescent or glandular. Stems |-2 ft., branched from the root, geniculate. Leaves 
 ^-2 in., slender, spreading. Flowers ^-^ in. diam., subumbellate ; pedicels slender, 
 spreading or deflexed. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals white. Capsule subglobose, 
 shining. Seeds black. 
 
 2. S. pentandra, Linn. ; glaucous, leaves in false whorls linear-subu- 
 late terete not grooved beneath, petals lanceolate-acute white, seeds piano- 
 compressed smooth, wing often as broad as the striate nucleus. Boiss. Fl. 
 Orient, i. 731. Arenaria flaccida, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 447. 
 
 K2 
 
244 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Spergula, 
 
 In the same situations as S. arvensis, and with the same distribution. 
 
 I am unable to distinguish this in a dried state from the preceding. I find 3 styles 
 verj frequently, as described by Roxburgh, which does away with the difterence be- 
 tweeo the genera Spergula and jSpergularia, to which latter the following species 
 belongs. 
 
 ** Leaves opposite. 
 
 3. S. rubra, Linn. (Arenaria); suberect or prostrate, glandular-piibes- 
 cent,leaves simply opposite linear flat, sti{)iiles cleft, sepals lanceolate-obtuse, 
 jietals pink or white, seeds wingless scabrid, margin somewhat thickened. 
 Spergularia rubra, /St. Hil. ; Boiss. Ft Orient, i 732. 
 
 Plains of the Panjab, Edgeicorth, &c. — Distrib. N. and W. Asia, Europe. 
 
 Root fusiform, annual. Stems much branched from the base, 4-8 in. Leaves 4-1 in., 
 fleshy; stipules broad, silvery. Flowers J-^ in, diam., subglobo.'^e ; pedicels divaricate 
 or deflexed. Sepals green, with membranous borders, obtuse. Petals obovate, obtuse ; 
 shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5 or 10. Styles 3. Capsule ovoid, lonyer than the 
 sepals. Seeds pale brown, irregularly reniform or pyriform. This is usually referred, to 
 another genus Spergularia^ Persoon (Lepigonum, Fries), which (lifters from Spergula 
 in having only 3 styles ; but the prevalence of 3 styles in the typical species of Spergula 
 in India, renders this character valueless as a generic one. 
 
 17. DRVIHARXA, Willd. 
 
 Difliise or suberect dichotomously branching herbs. Leaves opposite, flat ; 
 stipules small, often fugacious. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitiiry or 
 cymose. Sepals 5, herbaceous. Petals 5, 2-6- fid. S(a7ne?is 5, rarely .fewer, 
 slightly perigynous. Ovar)/ 1-celled ; style 3-fid ; ovules few or numerous. 
 Capsule 3-valved. Seeds globose, reniform or compressed, liilum lateral, 
 eraoryo curved. — Distrib. Species 16, all Tropical American except the fol- 
 lowing and an Australian species. 
 
 1 . 1>. cordata, Willd. ; glabrous, leaves ovate-cordate elliptic or orbi- 
 cular petioled, petals 2-lobed shorter than the sepals. Wight & Arn. Prodr. 
 359. D. exteusa, Wall. Cat. 647. Cerastium cordifolium, Hoxb. Fl. Ind. 
 ii. 458. 
 
 Tropical and subtropical India and Ceylon, extending westwards to the Panjab and 
 ascending the Himalaya to 7000 ft. in Sikkim. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa, and 
 America. ^ 
 
 A diflnse glabrous shxu.b; branched from the base ; branches 1-3 ft., slender. Leaves 
 3-5-nerved fron> the base, mucronate; petioles variable; stipule of several bristles. 
 Flowers l-\ in. diam., in axillary and tt-rminal cymes; pedicels slender; bracts wiih 
 membranous edges. Calyx obconic at the very base ; sepals oblong, with 3 Ktrong 
 nerves, and membranous margins. Petals 2-lobed to below the middle, lobe.s narrow not 
 exceeding the sepals.^ Stamens 3-5. Style short; ovules 3 or more. Capsule ovoid, 
 3-gonons, shortly pedicelled, 3-valved to the base ; 1- co-seeded. Seeds orbicular, com- 
 pressed, muritate. 
 
 18. FOX.VCARPON, Linn. 
 
 Difi'use or dichotomously branched, glabrous or pubescent herbs. 
 Leaves flat, opposite, appearing whorled from the presence of axillary 
 fascicles of leaves ; stipules scarious. Flowers small, in crowded many- 
 flowered cymes with scarious bracts. Sepals 5, keeled. Petals 5, small, 
 hyaline, entire or toothed. Stamens 3-6. Ovary 1-celled ; style short, 3-fid ; 
 ovules numerous. Seeds ovoid, hilum subbasal ; embryo almost straight 
 or incurved, cotyledons incumbent or oblique. — Distrib. Species about 6, 
 natives of various tropical and warm climates. 
 
polycarpon.] xviii. caryophylle-s:. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 245 
 
 1. P. Xioefllng-iee, Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. PI. i. 153, in note; glabrous or 
 more or less pubescent, leaves cuneate linear oblong or spathulate, cymes 
 terminal or in the forks, petals linear truncate, tip toothed. P. depressa, 
 DC. Frodr.iii. 275. P. lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 1515 b and ? P. Benthamii, 
 1514. Loeflingia indica, Beiz. Obs. 38; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 165 ; Pharnaceum 
 depressum, Linn. Mant. n. 564. Hapalosa Loeflingiae, Wall. Cat. 6962 ; 
 Wight <jh Am. Prodr. 358. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, in fields and waste places. — ^Disteib. Tropical 
 Asia and Africa. 
 
 A weed, erect or diffuse ; branches 6-10 in. Leaves ^-f in., acute or obtuse. 
 Cymes fascicled or panicled. Flowers \ in. diam. Sepals subequal, obtusely keeled. 
 Petals entire or notched. Seeds subcylindric, hilum lateral and subbasal ; embryo 
 nearly straight. 
 
 19. POZiVCARFSiL, Lamk. 
 
 Annual or perennial, usually erect herbs. Leaves flat, opposite, or ap- 
 pearing whorled from the presence of axillary fascicles of leaves ; stipules 
 scarious. Flowers numerous, in effuse or contracted or capitate cymes. 
 Sepals 5, scarious and often coloured, rarely scarious at the margins only. 
 Petals 5, entire 2-toothed or with the margins erose. Stamens 5, subperi- 
 gynous, free or cohering together and with the petals into a tube. Ovary. 
 1 -celled ; style slender 3-tid or 3-dentate ; ovules numerous. Capsule 
 3-valved. Seeds obovoid or compressed. Embryo curved, rarely straight. 
 «— DiSTRiB. Species about 24, natives of warm climates. 
 
 1. P. corjrinbosa, Lamk. III. n. 2798 ; hoary tomentose or glabrescent, 
 leaves narrow linear or subulate pseudo-verticiilate, stipules lanceolate or 
 subulate, cymes terminal, sepals lanceolate very acute much exceeding the 
 capsules. DC. Prodr. iii. 374; Wall. Cat. 1571; Wt. Ic. t. 712; W. (k A. 
 Prodr. 358. P. spadicea, Lamk. DC. I.e. 374; W. <ic A.261 ; Wall. Cat. 
 1512 b ; Wt. in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii. t. 6. P. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 1513. 
 P. indica, Lamk. Fncycl. v. 483. Paronychia subulata, Lamk. Encycl. v. 25. 
 Achyranthes corymbosa, Linn. ; Willd. Celosia corymbosa, Willd. 1 Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. i. 681. Mollia spadicea and corymbosa, Willd. ? Spreng. Syd. i. 
 795. Lahaya spadicea and corymbosa, Sc/iult. ? Syst v. 405 ; Bwrm. Zeyl. 
 t. 65, f. ^.—Rheede Hort. Mai. t. 66. 
 
 Western Peninsula, and Ceylon, Central and N.W. India, and Sindet, ascending 
 the Western Himalaya to 7000 ft. ; Birma, Wallich. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa, 
 Australia, and America. 
 
 An erect or decumbent annual or perennial herb, 6-12 in. high, much dichotomously 
 br;mched. Leaves ^-1 in., acuminate acule or obtuse, much exceeding the stipules. 
 Flowers ^ in. diam., in dense excessively branched silvery cymes. Sepals scarious, 
 white or coloured, glabrous or pilose, much exceeding the petals and the capsule. — Dr. 
 Wight found it impossible (111. ii. 44) to separate P. spadicea from P. corymbosa, even 
 as a well marked variety, and we may add that we have equally failed to discriminate 
 either those species or their synonymy. — The following seems to be a well-marked form, 
 to which the name spadicea might have been applied with propriety. 
 
 Var. awr^a, Wight 111. ii. 44, t. 110; smaller, densely tomentose, excessively 
 branched, flowers much smaller highly-coloured. 
 
 2. P. diffusa, Wight dh Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 91 ; glabrous, 
 slender, leaves narrow-linear or subulate pseudo-verticiUate, sepals ovate- 
 lanceolate very acute not much exceeding the petals or capsule. Wirfht III. 
 ii. 44. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; near Tuticoreen, Wight, 
 
246 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Polycarpon. 
 
 Branches 6-18 in. high. Leaves obtuse, {-\ in.; stipules lanceolate. Cymes 
 puberulous, lax, ver^ many-flowered. Floioers ^j in. long. 
 
 3. P. spicata, Wight & Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 91; annual, gla- 
 brt>us, leaves obovate-spathulate radical rosulate, cymes densely fas- 
 cicled or semiutnbellate, flowers subspicate, sepals lanceolate or ovate- 
 lanceolate acute much exceeding the petals and capsule. P. staticseformis, 
 HocJist. & Steud. 
 
 Western Peninsula, at Tuticoreen, Wight; Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Arabia, 
 Egypt, N. Australia. 
 
 A small herb 2-5 in. high ; branches strict, filiform, erecto-patent from the root, 
 bearing tufts of leaves and umbelled cymes. Leaves petioled, |-4 in., rather fleshy, 
 nerveless; stipules scarious, lacerate. Cymes 4 in. diam., long ped uncled. Flowers 
 subsecund, crowded, ^ in. long, bracts and sepals acute, scarious, white, with a highly 
 coloured broad herbaceous midrib. Petals very small, oblong, obtuse. Capsule rather 
 more than half the length of the sepals. Seeds shining. 
 
 Order XIX. PORTULACE^. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) 
 
 Herbs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire ; nodes 
 with scarious or hairy appendages, rarely naked. Infloiei^cence various. 
 Sepals 2, imbricate. FeUm 4-5, liypogynous or perigynous, free (or united 
 below), fugacious. Stamens 4r- cc ^ inserted with (rarely upon) the petals, 
 filaments slender ; anthers 2-ceUed. Ovary free, or ^-inferior, 1-celled ; 
 style 2-8-fid, divisions stigmatose ; ovules 2-oo , on basal funicles or a cen- 
 tral column, amphitropal. Capsule with transverse or 2-3-valvular dehis- 
 cence. Seeds l-co compressed ; embryo curved round a mealy albumen. — 
 Distrib. Cosmopolitan, chiefly American; genera 15, species about 125. 
 
 Ovary half-adnate 1. Portulaca. 
 
 Ovary free 2. Talinum. 
 
 1. PORTUZ.ACA, Linn. 
 
 Diffuse, usually succulent, annual or perennial herbs. Leaves with scaly 
 or hairy nodal appendages. F lowers terminal, surrounded by a whorl of 
 leaves, solitary or clustered. Sepals connate below, the free part deciduous. 
 Petals 4-6, perigynous or epipetalous. Ovary ^-inferior ; style 3-8-fid ; 
 ovules CO. 6V//JSM/e crustaceous, dehiscing transversely. Seeds Qo,reniform. — 
 Distrib. Tropical regions, chiefly American ; one or two are cosmopolitan 
 weeds extending to temj^erate regions ; species 16. 
 
 * Leaves flat. 
 
 1. P. oleracea, Linn.; nodal appendages scarious minute or 0, leaves 
 cuneate-oblong. Roxh. Fl. Iiul.W. 463; W. dh A. Prodr. 3b6. P. laevis, 
 JIam. in Wall Cat. 6841. P. sufi'ruticosa, Thw. Enwn. 24 {not of Wight). 
 
 Throughout India, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Himalayas. — Distrib. All warm 
 climates. 
 
 An annual usually prostrate herb, 4-1 ft., subsucculent and glabrous. Leaves \-\ 4 in., 
 rounded-truncate ; petiole very short. Injlorescence of few-flowered terminal heads, 
 cither solitary, or in dichotomous cymes. Flowers sessile, with a few ovate, pointed, 
 scarious scales. Petals 5, about eqiialling the sepals, yellow. Stamens 8-12. Style 
 3-8-Hd. Seeds tubercled-punctate. — An excellent salad. 
 
 Var. erecta; erect, leaves ppatlmlate-linear brighter green; P. oleracea, var. sylves- 
 tris, Hb. Boyle {not o/DC.).—ii.W. India. 
 
Portulaca.] xix. PORTULACEiE. (W. T. ThJselton l)yer.) 247 
 
 2. P. Wigrhtlana, Wall. Cat. 6845 ; nodal appendages whorled sca- 
 rious, leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate. W. <^ A. Prodr. 356. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; in the Carnatic, and Ceylon. 
 
 Stems much branched, prostrate, stunted ; the approximate joints naked below, 
 clothed with scarious appendages, and sparingly leafy above. Leaves \ in., alternate, 
 acute, margins recurved; nodal appendages about six in a whorl, equalling the leaves, 
 i'ubricate, lanceolate, acute, persistent. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, surrounded 
 by a few leaves and tufted appendages. Sepals about ^t^ in., broadly ovate-lanceolate. 
 Petals 5, obovate, with netted veins. Stamens 5 (or more?) shorter than the petals. 
 Style filiform, 4-fid to ^ its length. Seeds numerous, granulate. 
 
 3. P. quadrifida, Linn. ; annual, nodal appendages pilose, leaves ovate 
 or ovate-lanceolate. Wight III. ii. t. 109 ; Wall. Cat. 6843. P. meridiana, 
 Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 463. P. geniculata, Royle III. 221. lUecebrum 
 verticillatum, Burm. Ind. 66 ; Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 31. 
 
 "Throughout the warmer parts of India and Ceylon. — Dihtrib. Tropical Asia and 
 Africa. 
 
 Stems diffuse, filiform, rooting at the nodes. Leaves \-\ in., opposite, very shortly 
 petioled ; nodal appendages more or less copious. Flowers terminal, solitary. Calyx- 
 tube ^-immersed in the extremity of the axis, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre and 
 long silky hairs. Petals 4 (yellow). {Stamens 8-12.) Style filiform, 4-fid to the 
 middle. Seeds minutely tubercled. — Stunted specimens have the habit of Polygonum 
 heraiarioides which has been mistaken for this species. , 
 
 ** Leaves terete. 
 
 4. P. tuberosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 91 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 464 ; perennial stems 
 short spreading from a tuberous root. P. cristata, Ham. and pilosa, Hh. 
 Madr. in Wall. Cat. 6844, not of Linn. 
 
 Behar, Hamilton ; Sindh, Stocks ; Western Peninsula ; Ceylon. 
 
 . Boot 2-3 in , slightly fusiform, with a few branches towards the extremity, villous. 
 Sfdrtts 2-3 in., spreading. Leaves ^-f in., alternate, fleshy, linear ; nodal appendages 
 ^ in., of spAringly tufted brown hairs. Flowers (yellow) in small terminal clusters, sur- 
 rounded by about 8 leaves and tufted hairs. Stamens 20-oo . Style filiform, 5-cleft. 
 Seeds black, granular.— Closely allied to the Australian P. napiformis, F. Mueil. 
 
 5. P. sufiruticosa, Wight in Wall. Cat. 6842 ; annual, stems erect. 
 W. ckA. Prodr. 356. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Wight. 
 
 Hoot annual, woody, divided. Stem about 1 ft., subligneous at the base, breaking up 
 into numerous ascending branches. Leaves about 4 In-? acute; nodal appendages 
 setose, scanty, very short, brown. Flowers in small terminal clusters, surrounded by 
 about 8 leaves, and setose appendages equalling about ^ the base of the capsule. 
 {Stamens about 16. Style 5-clett to the middle, W. & A.). Seeds very small, with con- 
 centric rows of minute tubercles. — Allied to the tropical African P. foliosa, Ker, which 
 differs chiefly in habit, from the production of lateral flower-bearing shoots overtopping 
 the primary terminal heads. 
 
 2. TAZ.XNVBI, Adans. 
 
 Succulent herbs or shrubs. Leaves flat, exstipulate. Flowers racemed or 
 panicled. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens^, (^mry superior ; style 3-fid ; 
 ovules 00 . Capsule globose or ovoid, 2-3 valved. Seeds subglobose or com- 
 pressed, strop hiolate. — Distrib. Warm countries throughout the world. 
 
 1 . T. ouneifollum, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 465. T. indicum, W.<kA. 
 
 Prodr. SbG; Wall. Cat. 68i7. 
 NirAL, Wallich; Webtebn Peninsula, Wight.— Dibtrib. Arabia, Africa. 
 
248 XIX. PORTutACE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Talinum. 
 
 Stems shrubby, erect, striate. Leaves 1-2 in., cuneiform-obovate, uppermost mucro- 
 nate. blowers iu a terminal subdichotoraously branched panicle, with small acuminate 
 membranous-edged bracts ; pedicels decurved in fruit. Petals 4, purple. /Sepals ^ in. 
 long, broadly ovate, margins membranous, rather obtuse. Style very short, 3-fid. 
 Capsule globose, about J in. diam. 
 
 Order XX. TAMARISCINE^. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) 
 
 Undershnibs, bushes, or small trees. Leaves alternate, very minute, often 
 scale-like, exstipulate, rarely sheathing, sometimes fleshy orimpress-jmnctate. 
 Flowers solitary or in spiked or panicled racemes, regular, rarely 1 -sexual. 
 Sepals and petals each 5, rarely 4, imbricate, free or connate below. Slamens 
 5-1O-0O, inserted on the disk, free or connate below; anthers versatile. 
 Disk hypogynous or subperigynous, 10-glandular. Ovary free, 1 -celled, or 
 imperfectly septate ; styles 2-5, free or connate, or stigmas 3-5, sessile ; 
 ovules 2-Qo on each basal placenta, anatropous, raphe ventral, micropyle 
 inferior. Ccrpsi^/e 3-valved. Seeds erect, jilumed or winged ; albumen floury, 
 subfleshy or 0; embryo straight, cotyledons flat.— -Distrib. Cold, tem- 
 perate and hot regions, often in saline or sandy plains ; genera 5, species 
 about 40. 
 
 Stamens free, styles 3 1. Tamarix. 
 
 Stumens connate, stigmas sessile 2. Myuicakia. 
 
 1. TAMARZX, Linn. 
 
 Bushes or small trees. Leaves scale-like, amplexicaul or sheathing. In- 
 florescence of lateral or terminal spikes or dense racemes ; flowers white or 
 pink. Stamens 4, 5, 8 or 10 ; anthers apiculate. Vuk more or less lobed 
 from varying confluence of the glands. Ovary narrowed upwards ; styles 
 3-4, short, dilated into the stigmas ; placentas basal ; ovules many. Seeds 
 with a sessile plume, exalbumiuous ; embryo ovoid. — Distrib. Of the 
 Order ; species about 20. 
 
 ♦ Stamens 5. 
 
 1. T. grallica, Linn. ; leaves not sheathing smooth subulate or scale- 
 like acute, disk 5-lobed. 
 
 Throughout India from the N.W. Himalaya to Birma and Ceylon, near rivers and 
 along the sea coast. — Distrib. W. and S. shores of Europe, N. and Tropical Africa, 
 S. Asia. 
 
 A bush or small tree ; branches slender. Flowers \ in. diam., shortly pedicelled in 
 slender panicled spike-like racemes. Sepals triangular-ovate, much shorter than the 
 petals. Glands of dish more or less coalescing in pairs. Ovary sub-3-gonou8, sub- 
 sessile ; styles 3, articulated to the ovaiy, slightly connate. — Divided into numerous 
 species differing in minute and uncertain characters. 
 
 Var. 1. indica, Willd. in Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. iv. 214 (sp.) ; usually green, branchlets 
 divaricate, leaves semi-amplexicaul, lobes of the disk entire or nearly so. T. indica. 
 Keen, ex Roxb. Fl. Jnd. ii. 100 (excl. syn.). T. gallica, Wight 111. t. 24 A. T, epa- 
 croides, Sm. in Bees Cycl. T. articulata. Wall. Cat. 3756 a and d. — Coujmon. 
 
 Var. 2. Palladia Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 349 (sp.); glaucescent or glaucous, branch- 
 lets erect, leaves shortly decurrent, lobes of the disk deeply emarginate. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
 i. 773. T. ramosissima, Ledeh. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 256.— Western Tibet, alt. 8-12,000 ft. 
 
 2. T. sallna, />?/er ; leaves cordiform subamplexicaul strongly impress- 
 punctate. 
 
 Western Panjab ; Salt Range at Caffir Kote and Esakhail, Fleming. 
 
Tamarix.] xx. tamariscine^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 249 
 
 A glabrous glaucous shrub, with the habit of T. passerinoides, Del. ; Boiss. FI. 
 Orient, i. 778. Bracts linear, equalling the flowers in length. Stamens equalling the 
 ovary; filaments dilated at the base, confluent with the disk-glands. Stigmas sessile. 
 Capsule not seen. 
 
 3. T. dioica, Eoxb. Hort Beng. 22; Fl. ItuI. ii. 101 ; leaves sheathing, 
 flowers dioecious in rather short dense peduncled spikes. Griff. Notul. 
 iv. 465, ic. 577, f. 2; Wall. Cat. 1241; W. ^ A. Frod/r. 40; Boiss. Fl. 
 Orient, i. 777. T. articulata, Wall. Cat. 3756, b & c {not of Vahl). 
 
 From SiNDH and the Pan jab to Assam, the Western Peninsula and Birma, near 
 rivers and on the sea coast. 
 
 A small tree. Branches with drooping extremities ; ultimate branchlets elongate, 
 patent-fastigiate. Leaves glabrous, green, obliquely truncate and acuminate. Spikes 
 panicled, 1-2 in., about equalling their peduncles. Bracts triangular, acuminate. 
 Flowers | in. diam., pink. Stamens inserted in the notches of the 5-lobed disk ; 
 anthers purple. 
 
 4. T. articulata, Vahl, Symh. ii. 48, t. 32 ; hoary with impress-punctate 
 glands, leaves sheathing, spikes lax usually sessile. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 777. 
 T. orientalis, Forsk. Descr. 206. T. Pharas, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 3758. Thuya 
 aphylla, Linn. Amcen. Acad. iv. 295. 
 
 Abundant in Sindh and the Panjab; often cultivated. — Distrib. Beluchistan and 
 westward to Egypt and S. Africa. 
 
 A bush or coniferous-looking tree. Branchlets fastigiate, elongate, slender, cylindric, 
 jointed. Leaves reduced to a very short sheath with a minute tooth. Spikes slender, 
 more or less interrupted. Bracts sheathing, acute. Flowers | in. diam., subsessile. 
 Stamens inserted in alternate notches of the lOlobed disk. — The Cape form is T. 
 usneoides, E. Mey. 
 
 ** Stamens 10. {Pleiandrce. Bge.) 
 
 5. T. ericoides, Rottl. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. iv. 214, t. 4 ; leaves 
 impunctate sheathing-amplexicaul, glands of the disk separating the fila- 
 ments. T. mucronata, Sniitk in Rees Cycl. T. tenacissima, Ham. ex Wall. 
 Cat. 3757. Myricaria vaginata, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 350. Trichaurus 
 ericoides, W. d: A. Prodr. 40 ; Wight III. t. 24 B ; Ic. 22 ; Camh. in Jacq. 
 Voy. Bot. 58, t. 70. 
 
 Central India, Bengal, the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. 
 
 A shrub; stems slender, branchlets fastigiate. Leaves minute, scale-like, ovate- 
 lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers \ in. diam., pale rose-pink, in terminal racemes 4-6 in. 
 Stamens not exceeding the petals, alternately long and short. Capsule 4 in. — Approaches 
 Myricaria in habit. 
 
 6. T. stricta, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 778 ; hoary with impress-punctate 
 glands, leaves closely sheathing, glands of the disk passing into the slightly 
 dilated bases of the filaments. 
 
 Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Beluchistan. 
 
 Habit of T. articulata, Vahl, from which according to Boissier it is distinguished by 
 the thicker branchlets more remote leaves and subsessile stigmas, besides the diflerent 
 number of stamens. 
 
 2. MVRZCARXA, Desv. 
 
 Fastigiate shrubs. Leaves small, narrow, sessile, often crowded. /w/?o- 
 rescence of lateral or terminal spike-like racemes ; flowers rose-pink. 6Va- 
 mens 10, alternately long and short, monadelphous. Disk almost obsolete. 
 Ovary tapering with 3 sessile stigmas ; placentas basal, very short, adnate to 
 the middle of the valves ; ovules many. ^Seeds exalbuminous with a usually 
 
250 XX. TAMARisciNE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Myricaria. 
 
 stalked plume ; embryo ovoid. — Disteib. Europe, Mid- Asia ; known spe- 
 cies 4 ? 
 
 1. Tit. g'ermanica, Desfv. in Ann. ^c. Nat. iv. 349 ; bracts ovate-lan- 
 ceolate 3-4 times as long as the pedicels, sepals free lanceolate, stamens 
 connate for half their length. M. bracteata, Royle III. 214, t. 44; Boi&s. 
 FL Orient, i. 763. M. Hoffmeisteri, Kloiz. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 120, t. 25 (plume 
 sessile). Tamarix germanica, Linn. 
 
 Temperate and Alpine Himalajta; from Sikkim to Kumaon, alt. 10-14,000 ft. — 
 Djstrib. Westward to Europe. 
 
 A bush, 4-8 ft. Sterna slender, striate, 'glaucous-green when young. , Leaves linear- 
 lanceolate. Racemes 1-18 in., spiked, lateral or terminal. Bracts with broadly mem- 
 branous margins. Sepals about equalling the petals. 
 
 Var. 7??o«<m^a, Benth. and Hook, f Gen. PI. i. 161 (sp.) ; prostrate, branchlets 
 asceudin^^ often very short with closely imbricate leaves, seed-plume sessile. — A very 
 Alpine form. 
 
 2. m. eleg-ans, Royk lU. 214 ; bracts ovate about twice as long as the 
 pedicels, sepals connate below, stamens connate for one-fourth of their 
 length. M. germanica var. longifolia. Herb. lud. Or. II. f. <k T. 
 
 Western Himalaya and \Ve.^tern' Tibet, from Garwhal, alt. 11,500 ft., Royle, &c., 
 to Ladak, &c., alt. 6-15,000 ft., T. Thomson. 
 
 A bush, with smooth striate slender stems. Leaves oblong-ovate, narrowed at the 
 base. Raceinen 3 in., lateral, lax. Bracts short, acuminate, with narrowly membranous 
 margins. Sejjols much shorter than the petals, obtusely triangular at the apex. 
 
 Order XXL ELATINE^. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) 
 
 Minute semi-aquatic or terrestrial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves oppo- 
 site or wliorled, entire or serrate, stipulate Flowers small, axillary, soli- 
 tary or cymose. Sepals and petals each 2-5, free, imbricate in bud. Stamens 
 as many or twice as many as the se})als, hypogynous, free ; anthers versa- 
 tile. Ovary free ; cells and styles 2-5, stigmas cai)itate ; ovules many, oh 
 the inner angles of the cells, anatropous, raphe lateral or ventral. Ca/>- 
 stfle septicidal ; valves tiat concave or incurved, separating from the axis 
 and septa. Seeds straight or curved, raphe on the concave side, testa often 
 rugose, albumen scanty or 0; embryo cylindric, straight or curved, cotyle- 
 dons small. — DiSTRiB. Scattered over the world ; genera 2, known species 
 about 20. 
 
 Sepals obtuse, aquatic herbs 1. Elatinr. 
 
 Sepals acute, flowers usually 5-merou8 2. Beroia. 
 
 1. Z:XiATZN&, Linn. 
 
 Minute aquatic tender creeping herbs. Leaves opposite or whorled. 
 Fl(nve)'S very small, axillary, usually only one to eacli node. Sepals 2-4, 
 membranous obtuse. Petals 2— i. Omrt/ globose. 6'ay>.sw/6 membranous; 
 sejita evanescent after bursting or adhering to the axis. Seed cylindric, 
 straight or curved, ridged and pitted. — Disteib. Temperate and subtropical 
 regions; species about 6. 
 
 1. B. americana, Am. in Edin. Journ. Nat, Sc. i. 431 ; flowers sessile 
 or nearly so, stamens longer than the sepals. 
 
JElatine.] xxi. elatine^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) y 251 
 
 NiLGHiRi Mts., Schmidt. — Distrib. N. America (usually dimer8us)4^. Zealand, 
 Australia. 
 
 Prostrate on mtid in patches 1-3 in, broad. Stems rooting at the nodes, with nume- 
 rous opposite or alternate ultimately ascending branches. Leaves |-^ in., opposite, 
 ovate-lanceolate, narrowed to the base, entire, minutely scabrid ; stipules scarious, 
 acute, incise-serrate. Flowers fully ^V ^"- diam. Sepals 3, 2 slightly herbaceous. 
 Petals 3, twice as long as the sepals, with a mid- vein. Seeds about 12 in each cell, 
 slightly curved. — Asa Gray, Gen III. t. 95, represents entire stipules united at the 
 base and sepals exceeding the pistil ; American specimens disagree with the figure in 
 these respects and agree with the Indian plant. 
 
 2. S. ambig-ua, Wight in Hook Bot. Misc. ii. 103, t. 5 ; flowers pedi- 
 celled. stamens shorter tlian the sepals. W. <k A. Prodr. 41 ; WigJit III. t. 
 25 B ; Seabert in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. t. 2, f. 11-14. 
 
 Western Peninsula, TF/</7i^— Distrib. Fiji Islands. 
 
 Habit of E. americana, Am. Leav:.s oblong- lanceolate. Sepals, petals and stamens 
 each 3. — Probably should be united with the preceding and E. triandra, Schk. (which 
 drflfers in the absence of the superior petal). The aggregate species would have a cos- 
 mopolitan range. 
 
 2. BERGIA, Linn. 
 
 Annuals or undershrubs, erect, decumbent, or diffusely branched, 
 often pubescent. Leaves opposite, serrate, or sometimes quite entire. 
 Flowers solitary or in more or less dense axillary fascicles, minute, usually 
 5-merous. Sepals with a herbaceous midrib and more or less membranous 
 margins, acute. Ovary ovoid. Capsule subcrustaceous, septicidal or sep- 
 tifragal.— DiSTKiB. Warm countries throughout the world ; known species 
 about 14. 
 
 1. B. odorata, Edgew. in Joum. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vii. 765 (1838); 
 pubescent-glandular, flowers fascicled pedicelled 2-8 together. Lancretia 
 sufFruticosa, Delile Fl. Egypt. 69. B. sufFruticosa, Fend in Denks. Bot, 
 Gesell. iii. 183 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 783. 
 
 Sikh States at Balawati, Edgeworth ; Sindh at Kurrachee, Stocks. — Distrib. 
 Trop. Africa, Egypt. 
 
 Woody, diffuse, 1 ft. or less, aromatic, with papery deciduous bark. Leaves ^^^ in., 
 sessile, thick, elliptic or ovate, margins crenate-serrate, often reflexed. Flowers ^ in. 
 long, on branches barren below. Sepals 5, ovate, herbaceous, serrulate. Petals obovate. 
 Stamens 10, filaments dilated below. Ovary grooyed; st\les 5, one-half the length of 
 the ovary. Capsule 5-celled. Seeds numerous, minute, shining, slightly curved. — A 
 very variable plant. Smells of chamomile. 
 
 2. B. BDStivosa, W. d; A. Prodr. 41 ; nearly glabrous, flowers solitary 
 or 2-4 together. Elatine sestivosa, Wight Ic. t. 222. fcSpergula aestivosa, 
 Keen, ex W^. Cat. 6963. 
 
 Panjab, Thomson; Moultan, Edgeworth. 
 
 Branches slender, divaricate. Leaves narrow-obovate or oblong, faintly serrate. 
 Flowers pink, on branches with almost linear leaves barren above. Sepals lanceolate, 
 acute, (Jenticulate, with membranous margins. — Probably only a variety of jB. odorata, 
 but distinct in habit. 
 
 3. B. ammannioides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 457 ; annual, 
 flowers in dense subverticillate fascicles, stamens 3-5. Roth. Nov. PI. Sp. 
 219 ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 93, Suppl. t. 28 ; III. i. t. 25 A. ; Wall. 
 Cat. 655; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 472. B. pentandra, Guill. d: Perr. Fl. Seneg. 
 42, t. 12. Elatine ammannioides, W. d: A. Prodr. 41. Sagina ammannioides, 
 Wall. Cat. 7504. 
 
252 XXI. ELATiNEiE. (W. T. Thiseltoii Dyer.) [Bergia. 
 
 Throughout India and Ceylon ; in marshy places. — Distrib. Affghanistan, Persia, 
 Tropical Asia, Africa, and Austrah'a. 
 
 Stems 3-12 in., erect or with the lower hranches decurahent, smooth or thinly pubes- 
 cent-hispid, the stem-hairs often glandular-capitate. Leaves ^-| in., sessile, linear, 
 lanceolate or oblanceolate, tapering below, sharply serrate, acute. Flowers ^'^ in-t 
 sessile or shortly pedicelled. Sepals 5, lanceolate, denticulate. Petals and stamens 5. 
 Ovary oblong, deeply grooved. Copsvle 3-6-celled ; valves with incurved edges, de- 
 hiscing from a central axis. Seeds numerous, ovoid. 
 
 ^ Var. trimera ; Fisch. & Mey. in Linnfea, x. 74 (sp.) ; flowers trimerous. B. araman- 
 nioides ^ flor. triandr. ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 93, t. 28, f. 1 and 2 ; Lechea 
 verticillata, Willd. ex DC. Prod. i. 286. — Western Peninsula and Ceylon. 
 
 4. B. verticillata, WiUd. ; Roxh. Fl. Lid. ii. 456 ; glabrous, stems 
 procumbent rooting, stamens 10. Thw. Enum. 23. Elatine (B) verticillata, 
 W. <C' A. Frodr. 41. B. aquatica, Roxh. Coram. PL ii. 22, t. 142 ; Bous. Fl. 
 Orient, ii. 783. B. capensis, Linn. ; Rheede Ilori. Mai. ix. t. 78. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Ceylon and Kanooon. — Distrib. Widely spread in the tropica 
 but absent from S. Africa. 
 
 A glabrous rather succulent annual aquatic herb, ^-1 ft. Leaves 1-1^ in., spreading, 
 elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at either end, acute, faintly crenate-serrate ; stipules nar- 
 rowly deltoid, toothe d, acujc . S<paU 5, narrow-lanceolate, obliquely acuminaie, midrib 
 herbaceous. Petals 5. Capsule globose ovoid. Seeds minute, slightly curved, ribbed 
 and transversely rugose. — Not a native of the Cape, Linnseus's original name has there- 
 fore been suppressed. 
 
 Order XXII. HYPERICINE-ffi. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) 
 
 Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, often punctate with pel- 
 lucid glands or dark glandular dots, entire or glandular-toothed ; stipules 0. 
 Flowers solitary or cymose, terminal, rarely axillary. Sejxih and petals each 
 5, rarely 4; petals contorted in bud. Stamens ao, or rarely definite, 3- or 
 5-adelphou3, rarely free or all connate ; anthers versatile. Ovary 3-5-carpel- 
 lary, 1- or 3-5-celled ; styles as many, filiform, free or united ; ovules few or 
 00, on parietal or axile placentas, anatropous, raphe lateral or superior. 
 Fruit capsular or baccate. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo straight or 
 mrved. — Distrib. Temp., and mountains of warm regions ; genera 8, species 
 »bout 210. 
 
 Tribe 1 . Kypericeae. Capsule dehiscing septicidally or at the placentas. 
 iSeeds not winged. 
 
 Flowers 4-merou8 1. Ascyrum. ■ 
 
 Flowers 6-merous 2. Hypericum. 
 
 Tribe 2. Cratozyleas. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally. Seeds winged. 
 
 3. Cratoxylon. 
 1. ASCiraUM, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or shrubs. Leaves small, entire. Flowers terminal, nearly solitary, 
 yellow, 4-merous. Senals leafy, the 2 outer largest. Stamens slightly connate 
 or free. Ovary 1 -celled. Capsule 2-4-valved, dehiscing at the placentas. — 
 Distrib. Except the endemic Indian species confined to N . Amer. and the 
 Antilles ; species 6. 
 
 1. £L, filicaule, />j/^r.— Hypericum filicaule, H.f. <k T. ms. 
 Temperate Sikkim Himalaya ; Lachoong valley, alt. 12,000 ft., J. D. H, 
 
Ascyrum.] xxii. HYPERiciNEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 253 
 
 A perennial herb. Stems 3-6 in., slender, cylindric, faintly 2-edged, rooting at the 
 base. Leaves \ in. or less, subsessile, broadly elliptic, obtuse, pellucid-punctate, mar- 
 gins wavy. Fiowers \ in. diam , solitary. Sepals oblong, obtuse, outermost exceeding 
 the petals. Styles 3, ^^ in., rather shorter than the ovary. 
 
 2. KVPBRICUIME, Linn. 
 
 Herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Leaves usually sessile. Flowers cymose, 
 yellow, terminal, or axillary. Sepals 5. Petals 5, usually oblique. Ovary 
 1-celled with 3 or 5 parietal, or 3-5-celled with axile placentas ; styles free 
 or united ; ovules oo , rarely few. Capsule septicidal, or dehiscing at the 
 placentas. — Distrib. Temperate regions ; species 160. 
 
 M. calycinum, L., from S. Europe, occurs as a garden plant. 
 
 H. chinense, L. ; H. monogynum, WiUd.; Boxb. F'l. Ind. iii. 400, is said to be known 
 only as a cuhivated plant. It is found in Indian gardens ; the leaves are elliptical and 
 obtuse, and the styles united throughout. Hypericum salicifolium, Sieh. db Zucc, of 
 Japan is probably not distinct from this. 
 
 Sect. I. Androsaemineae, Spach. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals deciduous. 
 Stamens 5-adelphous at the base. Ovari/ 5-celled. — (Commonly shrubs with 
 few and large flowers.) 
 
 * Styles longer than the ovary {tinknown in 1). 
 
 1. K. Griffithii, //./. <k T. ms.; leaves ovate subcordate, cymes corym- 
 bose, sepals small narrowly deltoid, styles 5. 
 
 Bhotan, Dimree-nuddee, alt. 6400 ft., Griffith. 
 
 A shrub, young branches terete. Leaves 2-44 in., obtuse, younger lanceolate acute, 
 firm, glauc>^scent below with prominent reticulate nerves. Sepals ^ in. long, acute. 
 Capsule ^-4 in. long. — Flowers unknown ; habit that of H. grandifolium, Choisy. 
 
 2. H. mysorense, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4808 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 decussate approximate, sepals ovate, styles exceeding the stamens. H. myr- 
 tifolia, Spach Suit. Buff. v. 428? Norisca mysorensis, Wight Ic. t. 56. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; on the hills from the Concan to the Pulneys, alt. 3-4000 ft. 
 Ceylon, Wallcer, &c. 
 
 A glabrous shrub 4-6 ft. high (Gardner) ; young branches 4-angled. Leaves 1-2 in., 
 tapering to an amplexicaul base, with slender ascending veins and pellucid strise. 
 Cymes terminal, 3-flowered; flowers 2-2f in. diam. Sepals 4 in., acute. Petals 
 obliquely oblanceolate, twice the length of the stamens. Styles twice as long as the 
 ovary. Capsule about ^ iu. — The allied Abyssinian H. gnidicefolium, Rich,, has styles 
 I united. 
 
 3. K. cernuuxu, Poxb. Hort. Peng. 59 ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 400 ; leaves 
 elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, glaucous beneath, sepals ovate, styles slightly 
 exceeding the stamens. Carnb. in Jacq. Yoy. Bot. t. 23. H. oblongifolium, 
 Choisy Prodr. Hyp. 42, t. 4. H. speciosum, Wall. Cat. 4803. H. Gova- 
 nianum, Wall. Cat. 4815 (sepals linear-lanceolate). 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon to Sirmur, alt. 5-7000 ft. 
 
 A glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft. ; branches cylindric, glaucous when young. Leaves 1-3 in., 
 sessile, minutely dotted. Cymes terminal, 3-5-tiowered; flowers 2 in. diam., white, 
 then yellowish. Sepals J in., acute. Petals obovate, longer than the stamens. Styles 
 twice the length of the ovary. Capsule 4 in., conical. 
 
 4. H. cordifoliuxn, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 545 ; leaves oblong-lanceo- 
 late cordate coriaceous glaucous beneath, sepals lanceolate. H. bracteatiim, 
 
 Wall. Cat. 4b04 ; PL Asiat. Par. t. 220. H. acutuui, Wall. Cat. 4807. 
 
254 xxiT. HYPERiciNE^. (W. T. Thiselton Djer.) [Hypericum. 
 
 Central Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Kumaon, at Raman, alt. 4500 ft., Strach. 
 & Wint. 
 
 A glabrous shrub, 1-2 ft. ; branches long, slender, brown ; branchlets subtetragonous. 
 Leaves 1-2 in., coriaceous, opaque with translucent lines, penniiierved with one or two 
 lateral veins and midrib darkly marked below. Cymes many-Howered ; flowers 14 in. 
 diam. Sepals \-\ in. Petals obliquely obovate. Stamens equalling the styles, § the 
 length of the petals. Styles \\ times as long as the ovary. 
 
 5. K. lysiznacliioides, Wall. Cat. 4817; leaves ovate subsessile glau- 
 cous beneath with dark veins, sepals linear-lanceolate. H. coriaceum, Royle 
 III. 131. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 8-9000 ft., to Wardwan, 
 alt. 5-6500 ft., Stewart. 
 
 A glabrous shrub, branchlets subtetragonous. Leaves |-lf in., acute or rather 
 obtuse, penninerved, the veins connected marginally, pale and black-dotted beneath. 
 Otjmes loose, leafy, 2-3-chotomou8 ; flowers 1 in.' diam. Sepals ^ in. Ptlals lanceo- 
 late. Styles slightly longer than the ovary, not exceeding the stamens. Capsule 
 about 4 in. 
 
 ** Styles not longer than the ovary. 
 
 6. K. Rookerianum, W. d- A. Prodr. 99; branches terete, leaves 
 ovate to ovate-oblong, sepals obovate, styles recurved exceeding the stamens. 
 WigM Ic. 949. H. oblongifoliuni, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4949. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., /. D. H.; Mishmi, Griffith; Khasia Mts., alt. 
 4-6000 ft., Lobh., &c. ; Nilohiris, Wight, &c. 
 
 A glabrous shrub 6-8 ft. ; branches red-brown. Leaves 1-4 in., sessile or very 
 shortly stalked, obtuse, mucronate, firm, glaucous or rusty beneath, faintly pellucid- 
 punctate. Cymes few-flowered or corymbose, leafy-bracteate ; flowers about 2 in. diara., 
 golilen-yellow. Sepals ^-^m. Pd<a/« obliquely-obovate. Ioniser than the stamens. Styles 
 ^ in., t-horter than the ovury. Cnpsulf ^ in., obtusely conical to egg-shaped. 
 
 Var. Lescheitaultii, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 145 (f^p ) ; Deless. ic. Sel. iii. t. xxvii. ; 
 sepals acute. H. triflorum, Biume, Fl. Ned. Intl. 142. 11. oblongifoliuni, Wall. Cat. 
 4810 {7iot of ChnUy). H. C^joisianum, Wall. Cat. 4805. — Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, 
 alt. 8000 ft.", J. JJ. if.— VinTRiB. Java. 
 
 7.'K, patulum, Thanh. Fl. Jnp. 29o, t. 17 ; branches spreading pyra- 
 midally 2-edged, louve.s elliptic-lanceolate, sepals elliptic obtuse, styles ex- 
 ceeding the stamens. Wall. Cat. 4809; JI(x>k. Bot. Ma<f. 5()9;i ; Dun Prodr. 
 218. H. Uralum, /Am. ex Don I.e.; Jitt. Mag. t. 2375; DC. Prodr. 218. 
 U. oblwii^u'ifoiiiuii, \]'(dl. Pi A.dat. Par. t. 24* {not of Cfmsy in Wall. Cat.). 
 
 Throughout the Temp. Himalaya (Sikkim excepted); alt. 3-7000 ft., from Bhotan, 
 Griffith, to Sinihv, Lady iJaUiovnie, and Chamba, Stewart. Kuasia Mt8., alt. 5-6000 ft.; 
 Yunan, /. Anderson. — Distkib. Japan, Formosa. 
 
 A glabrous shrub, 1-3 ft., with brownish bark and numerous red, stiffly patent 
 branches. Leaves 1-2^ in., distichous, very shortly petioled, acute, black-dotted and 
 glaucescent or rusty beneaih, pellucid punctate and striate, margins reflexcd. Cymes 
 few-flowered, tenuinal ; peduncles 2-bracteate ; flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals j in. Petals 
 orbicular, twice theleniith of the stamens. Styles equalling the ovary. Capsule 4 in., 
 obtusely conical. — Nearly allied to H. Hookerianum but smaller, more rigid, and with 
 smaller flowers. 
 
 Var, attenuatum, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 545 ; more slender in every part. 
 
 8. K. tenuicaule, H. /. <ih T. ms.; branches diffuse slender terete, 
 leaves elliptic or ovate pellucid striate, flowers solitary or geminate, sepals 
 elliptic, styles not exceeding the stamens. 
 
 Temperate Sikkim Himalaya ; Lachen valley, alt. 8000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 A glabrous shrub. Leaves l-l 4 iu., taperiug below, subacute, pale and glandular-dotted 
 
Hypericum.] xxii. HYPERiciNEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 255 
 
 beneath. Flowers \\ in. diam., usually exceeded by lateral leafy shoots. Sepals about 
 ^ in., obtuse. Petals obliquely obovate, twice the length of the stamens. Styles 
 scarcely ^ in., about as long as the ovary. Capsule ^ in. — Perhaps a variety of H. 
 patidum, but distinct in habit. 
 
 9. H, reptans, ff. f. dh T. ms. ; stems shrubby prostrate diffuse root- 
 ing, flowers terminal solitary. 
 
 Temperate Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 9-11,000 ft., J. D. H. 
 
 Branches slender, two-edged, reddish- brown. Leaves \-^ in., approximate, elliptic- 
 oblong, obtuse, with short pellucid striae. Flowers 1| in. diam. Sepals about 4 in., 
 elliptic, obtuse. Petals obovate. Stamens hardly exceeding the ovary. Styles ^ in., 
 equalling the ovary, tips recurved. Capsule 4 in., globose. Seeds minute, apiculate at 
 both ends. 
 
 Sect. II. Kyperineae, Spach. Sepals 5, connate at the base, equal or 
 unequal. Petals persistent. Stamens 3-adelphous at the base. Ovary 3-celled. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 Margins of the sepals eglandnlar. 
 
 10. K. perforatum, Linn. ; stem erect 2-edged, leaves oblong or ovate 
 pellucid-punctate, sepals linear acute. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalava ; from Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft., to Kashmir, alt. 
 3-6500 ft. — DiSTRiB. Europe, N. Africa, N.W. Asia. 
 
 A perennial herb. ■ Stems 18 in., with slender stolons, branched above. Leaves | in., 
 obtuse, witli radiating veins, paler beneath with black dots. Cymes corymbose, 3 cho- 
 toraously branched; flowers 1 in. Sepals ^ in. Petals with black-glandular edges. 
 Styles twice the length of the ovary, equalling the stamens. Capsule ^ in., egg-shaped. 
 
 Var. debile, Royle, ms. ; stem weak, leaves oblong-iinear. 
 
 11. K. Sampsoni, Hance in Seem. Journ. of Bot. iii. 378 ; stems erect 
 cylindric, leaves oblong connate pellucid-punctate, sepals oblong obtuse. 
 
 Khasia Mountains, Nowgong, Simons. — Distrib. S. China, Formosa. 
 
 A perennial herb. Stems 1 ft. Leaves 1^-2 in., obtuse, glaucescent beneath. Cymes 
 lax; flowers ,|-^ in. diam. /Se^^f/Zs black-punctate. Pe^aZ^" about equalling the sepals. 
 Styles very short. Capsule ovoid, covered with oval resiooiis vesicles. — Appmaches 
 //. erectum, Thb., of Japan, which is destitute of vesicles and has the leaves am- 
 plexicaul. 
 
 12. K. petiolulatum, IT. f <& T. ms. ; stems erect slender cylindric, 
 leaves shortly petioled ovate elliptic, flowers small, sepals linear unequal, 
 styles very short exceeded by the stamens. 
 
 SiKKTM Himalaya, alt. 9000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 Stems ^-\6\n., branched from the base; branches weak, simple. Leaves i-| in., 
 rather distant, obtuse, glaucescent beneath with dark pellucid dots, margins wavy. 
 Cymes 3-flowered ; flowers ^ in. long. Sepals x^— J in., acute, not pellucid-punctate. 
 Capsule with numerous glandular lines. 
 
 13. K. huxuifusuxu, Linn. ; stems procumbent 2-edgecl, leaves sessile 
 elliptic to ovate approximate, sepals lanceolate unequal, styles \ the length 
 of the ovary. H. rubrum, Wight ms. 
 
 NiLGHiRis, Wight. — Distrib. Europe, Atlantic Isles, S. Africa. 
 
 A glabrous perennial herb. Stems about 6 in., numerous, red. Leaves \-^ in., 
 petlucid-punctate and as well as the sepals with black intramarginal glands. Cymes 
 terminal, few-flowered. Flowers ^-\ in. diam. 
 
 ** Margins of the sepals with gland-tipped teeth. 
 
 14. K. elodeoides, Choisy in DC. Frodr. i. 552 ; stems stout usually 
 
256 XXII. HYPERiciNE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hypericum, 
 
 simple, leaves oblong or ovate acute firm, sepals with long teeth, petals 
 glandular-striate. H. adenophorum, Wall. Cat. 4812. H. nervosum, Don 
 Frodr. 219. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; from Sikkim, alt. 7-12,000 ft., to Sirmur, alt. 7-8000 ft. ; 
 Khasia Mt8., alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Assam and Dirma, Griffith. 
 
 Stems 1-2 ft., stoloniferous, glabrous, terete. Leaves \-\\ in., approximate, stem- 
 cla8|)ing, uppermost glandular- fringed at the base, closely pellucid-punctate. Cymes 
 paniculate ; flowers | in. Sepals ^ in., lanceolate, acute, with black intramarginal 
 glands. Petals exceeding the calyx. Styles 3, \ in., at least twice the length of the 
 ovary, spreading, not exceedin<? the stamens. Capsule ^\n. — A very variable plant, 
 allied to the European H. montanum, L., which is puberulous with a denser cyme and 
 shorter sepaline teeth. H. intermedium, Steud., of Abyssinia and Asia Minor, has 
 shorter teeth but a very open cyme. 
 
 15. K. napaulense, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 552 ; stems weak with 
 numerous branches, leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse thin, sepals 
 with short teeth, petals eglandular or nearly so. H. pallens, Don Prodr. 219. 
 H. setosum, Wall. Cat. 4814. H. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 4010; W. ft A. 
 Prodr. 99 ; Wight. III. i. 43. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya; from Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft. to Kashmir, alt. 7-8000 ft.; 
 Birma, Griffith. — Western Peniksula, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wight, &c. 
 
 ^tems slender, difluse or prostrate, cylindric, obscurely 2 -edged. Leaves ^-f in., 
 sessile and stem-clasping, or slightly petioled, glaucous beneath and closely pellucid- 
 punctate. Cymes few-flowered, loose ; flowers 4 in. Sepals lanceolate. Petals longer 
 than the calyx. Styles J in., about equalling the ovary, exceeding the stamens. Cap- 
 sule J in. — Perhaps only a variety of H. elodeoides. 
 
 16. H. xnonanthemum, H.f. <k T. ms. ; stems simple, leaves broadly 
 elliptic or ovate, sepals dark-glandular-striate, petals linear twice the length 
 of tlie sepals, styles half the length of the ovary. 
 
 Sikkim Himalaya; Lachen and Lachoong Valleys, alt. 11-12,000 ft., J.D.H. 
 
 Stems ^\n.-\ ft., erect, 2-edgcd, reddish brown. Leaves | in., sessile, obtuse, pel- 
 lucid striate-punctate, with a few black marginal dots beneath. Cymes 1-3-flowered; 
 flowers with a pair of glandular fringed bracts. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Syles ^^ in., 
 equalling the stamens. Capsule \ in., ovoid. 
 
 Sect. III. BrathydineaB, Spach. Sepals 6, Petals persistent. Stamens 
 Cimnate at the base. Ovary 1 -celled, 
 
 17. K. japonloum, Thtinb. Fl. Jap. 295, t. 31 ; stems diffuse or ascend- 
 ing, leaves 3-nerved, cyme dichotomous elongated, sepals 3-nerved. Wall. 
 CW. 4811. Royle 111. t. 24. H. pusillum, Cltoufy in DC. Prodr. i. 549. 
 Brathys nepalensis, Blume Mus. Pot. ii. 19. H. calycatum, Jacq. Herb, (sepals 
 foliaceous). 
 
 Temperate and Sdbtropical Himalaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal ; alt. 2-5000 ft. 
 Khasia Mts. ; Assam, Silhet, Birma ; Eastern and Western Peninsula and Ceylon. 
 — Distrib. New Zealand, Australia, Japan, China, Java. 
 
 Annual. Stems 1-15 in., tufted or prostrate, glabrous, 4-angled. Leaves 4 in. or 
 less, stem-clasping, oval or ovate, pellucid-punctate. Flfjwers \ in. diam., yellow. 
 Bracts and sepals linear-lanceolate, entire, acute, glandular and pellucid-punctate at 
 the apex . Pe^w^ equalling the calyx. iS<?//e« ^ the length of the ovary. Capsule^ in. 
 Seeds ribbed and transversely striate. — H. humifusum is distinguished by its 2-edged 
 Btems, 3 celled ovary, and leaves with intra-marginal black dots. 
 
 18. H. Zialandii, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 550; stems slender simple, 
 leaves approximate below appressed with revolute mar^^ins 1-nerved, cym,e 
 
Hypericum.] xxii. hypericine^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 257 
 
 close often few-flowered, sepals with one prominent nerve. H. foetidum, 
 H.f.&T.ms. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., Lohh^ &c. — Distrib. S. Africa, Lower Guinea. 
 
 Annual. Smell remarkably fcetid, like bad orange-peel. Stems 6-18 in., slender, 
 simple, tufted. Leaves 4 in., or less, rather thick, faintly pellucid-pnnctate. Sepals 
 elliptic-oblong. Sti/les 4 the length of the ovary. — Probably a variety of H. japonicum, 
 but identical with the African plant. 
 
 Sect. IV. Elodeinese, Spach. Stamens definite (9), cohering for ^ their 
 length into 3 bundles separated by (entire) hypogynous scales. 
 
 19. K. brevifloruxn, Wall. Cat. 4876 ; stems usually simple cylindric 
 lower f bare, flowers in 1-3 short axillary cymes. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt, 5000 ft. ; Silhet, Wallich. 
 
 Stems I ^h. Zeaues narrow elliptic, black-dotted beneath. Flowers vfhhe. Sepals 
 very sliort, ovate-linear, obtuse. Anthers vesicular-apiculate. Styles | the length of 
 the ovary, recurved. Capsule J in., ovoid. — The allied ff. petiolatum, Walt., of N. 
 America and Japan has cylindric capsules. 
 
 3. CRATOXVX.ON, Blume. 
 
 Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire, usually papery. Inflorescence axillary or, 
 terminal, cymose. Sepals and petals each 5. Stame7is '.^- or 5-adelpbous, with 
 fleshy hyi)Ogynous glands alternating with the bundles. Ovary 3-celled ; 
 styles distinct ; ovules 4-go in each cell. Capsule 3-valved. — Distrib. Tro- 
 pical Asia ; species about 12. 
 
 Sect. I. Anclstrolobus, Spach. Petals subpersistent, inappendiculate. 
 Stamens 3-adelphous, hypogynous ; glands more or less cucuUate. 
 
 1. C. polyanthum, Korth. Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Bol. 175, t. 36 ; leaves 
 
 elliptic to oblong, cymes 1-3-flowered axillary or slightly supra-axillary, 
 petals glandular- veined. 
 
 BiRMA and the Eastern Peninsula. — Distrib. China (C. hiflorum), Philippines, 
 Borneo. 
 
 A glabrous aromatic shrub, with compressed branchlets. Jjeaves 1-4 in,, pellucid- 
 punctate and black-dotted beneath. Flowers | in. diam., pink. Sepals ^ in. long, 
 I in. when in fruit, elliptic, obtuse. Hypogynous glands sometimes obsolete. Capsule 
 ^-^ in. long, exceeding the sepals. Seeds 3, j in. lung, with an oblique unilateral 
 wing. 
 
 Var. 1. ligustrinum, Blume Mus, Bot, ii. 16 (wp.); leaves narroweil at both ends 
 acute. C. lanceolatum, Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. Supp. i. 500, Ancistrolobus ligustrinus, 
 Spach, Suit. Buff. v. 361, A, brevipcs, 2'urcz. Bull. Hose. 1858, i. 383. Hypericum 
 pulchoUum, Wall. Cat. 4821, Pegu, Malacca, S, Andamans, Kurz. 
 
 Var, 2. Wightii, Bl. l,c, 18 (sp.). Leaves broadly oval mostly obtuse. Ancistrolobus, 
 sp. Wight lit. i. HI, Hypericum horridum, Wall. Cat. 4822. Elodea, sp., Oriff. 
 Notul. iv, 569, Tenasserim, Mergui, Griffith; Tavoy, Wallich. 
 
 2, C. neriifolium, Kurz in Journ. Asiat, Soc. Beng, 1872, pt. ii. 293 j 
 leaves narrow-oblong sessile, cymes 3-flowered in a short terminal panicle 
 Hypericum neriifolium, Wall. Cat. 4824. 
 
 BiRMAH, Teiyet, Griffith; Pegu, Prome hills, Wallich; Chittago^q, H. f. db T. 
 
 A shrub, 10 ft. Leaves 3-6 in., by f -1^ in,, slightly cordate, tapering to the apex. 
 Panicle 3 in, Hypogynous glands with the rcflexed margin mucronate. Capsule \ in,, 
 hardly exceeding the calyx. — Agrees otherwise with C. polyanthum and closely allied 
 
 VOL L S 
 
258 XXII. HYPERlciNEiE. (W. T. Thiseltoii Dyer.) [Cratoxylm. 
 
 3. C. arborescens, Blume Mm. Bot. ii. 17 ; leaves obloiig-obovate or 
 elliptic, cymes forming a i)yramidal panicle, petals glaiidular-dotted. Hy- 
 pericum arborescens, Va/d Symh. ii. 86, t. 43. H. cuccineum. Wall. Cat. 482 ;J. 
 Ancisitrolobus glaucescens, Tarcz. Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 383. Yismia? arbores- 
 cens, Vhoisy Prod. Hyp. 36. 
 
 MouLMEiN, Lohb; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Sincapoke, Anderson. — DisxiUB. 
 Java, Borneo. 
 
 A bush? Leaves 3-44 in. by 1^2 in., coriaceous. Panicle 4-9 in. long. Flowers 
 ^ in. diam., scarlet. Capstde ^ in. long; seeds J in. long, with an equilateral wing. 
 
 Sect. II. TrideBinis, S}xich. Petals not persistent, with a basal squa- 
 mule. Stamens 3- or 5-adelphous. 
 
 4. G. formosum, Benth. d- Hook./. Gan. PI. i. 166; branchlets alter- 
 nate spreading, hypogynous glands triangular attenuate, fruit pedicels 
 drooping. Tridesmis formosa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 179, t. 37. T. 
 oclinoides, iSpach^ Suit. Buff. v. 359. Elodea f ormosa. Jack in Hook. Jouru. 
 Bot. i. 374. 
 
 Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith; Sincapoke, Maingay; S. Andaman, Kurz. — Distrib. 
 Borneo, Philippines. 
 
 A very lar^e tree with habit of a Cerasvs. Leaves 2-3^ in., decussate, elliptic or 
 oblong-eiliptic, papery, glabrous. Cymes in the axils of fallen leaves, shortly nicemose ; 
 flowers white. iSepais nut accresent, ^ the length of the petals. Basal squumide of the 
 petals usually rou^ded. Stamens 3-Adelphous. Styles dimorphic. Capsule i by J in., 
 triquetrous. Seeds ^ in. long, with a very obtuse, obovate, unilateral wing. 
 
 5. C. Maingrayi, Dyer ; branchlets spreading opposite, hypogynous 
 glands triangular, fruit pedicels ascending. 
 
 Penaxg, Maingay. 
 
 A tree above 30 ft., with a very thick stem. Leaves 2-3^ by 1-1 4 in., elliptic, 
 tapering at both ends, acuminate, midrib reddi.sh-brown beneath, pa])ery, glabrous. 
 Cymes in the axils of the often per.-isteut old leaves. Petals with black-doitcd veins; 
 basal squamule acute. /Stamens 3-adelphou8. Styles filiform, as long as petals (but 
 
 {)robably diniorphic). Capxule ^ in. long, j'g- in. broad, slander, cyliudric. Seeds | in. 
 oiig, with an oblong unilateral wing. 
 
 6. C. prunifoliunif Dyn' ; branchlets opposite ascending, leaves pubes- 
 cent, hypogynous glands very short t»btiise transversely grooved, dype- 
 ricnm prunifolium. Wall. Cat. 7276. Tridesmis prunifiora, JCurz in Joaiifi, 
 Asiat. Soc. Bejig. 1872, pt. ii. 293. 
 
 Mo u LM E I N , Wall ich . 
 
 Stems woody, compressed, rather rigid. Floioers precocious, in small, lax, axillary 
 fascicles; pedi'-els and calyx closely pubescent. Sepals ^ the longtii of the petals. 
 Basal squamule of the petals acute. Stamens 3-adelphou8. Fruit not seen. 
 
 Order XXIII. GUTTIPER^. (By T. Anderson, F.L.S.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs, abounding in a yellow or greenish juice. Leaves oppo- 
 site, coriaceous or membranous, rarely whtjrled or stipulate. Flowe?^s nxil- 
 lary or terminal, solitary fascicled subracemose or panicled, white yellow or 
 red. Flowers regular, dioecious, polygamous or hermaphrodite. Sepals 2-6, 
 imbricate or in decussate pairs. Petals 2-6 (rarely more, or 0), usually much 
 imbricated or contorted. Male fl. : Stamens wawaWy indefinite, hyj)ogynous ; 
 filaments free or variously connate, monadelphous or in as many bundles as 
 there are petals ; anthers various. Female tl. : Staminodes various. Ovary 
 1-2-00 -celled ; style slender, short or (2 in PoeGiloneuron), stigmas as many 
 
XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Andersoii.) 259 
 
 as the cells free or connate, sometimes peltate ; ovules 1-2 or oo , axile or 
 erect from the base of the cell. Fruit usually baccate and indehiscent. 
 iSeeds large, albumen ; embryo consisting of a large radicle {tigellus) with 
 small or obsolete cotyledons, or of thick free or consolidated cotyledons with 
 a very short inferior radicle. — A large tropical family, common in Asia and 
 America, rare in Africa, of 24 genera and 250 species. 
 
 Mammea AMERICANA, Linn., the Mammee apple of the West Indies is occasionally 
 cultivated in Indian gardens ; it belongs to the tribe Calophyllece, and is distinguished 
 by its valvately 2 -partite caljx which is quite entire in the bud. 
 
 The following account of the British Indian Guttiferm was drawn up by Dr. Thos. 
 Anderson, late iSuperintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, shortly before his death 
 in 1870. .For the reduction of Xanthochymus to Garcinia I am answerable, as also for 
 several new species from Maingay's Malacca collections and other sources, and for the 
 reference to ileddome's and Lanessan's works— all such additions are either enclosed 
 between [ ] or signed with my initials. — J. D. Hooker. 
 
 Tribe I. G-arcinieee. Ovary-cells 1-ovuled ; stigma sessile or subsessile, 
 peltate, entire or with radiating lobes. Berry indehiscent. Embryo of a 
 solid tigellus with minute cotyledons or 0.- 
 
 Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals 1. Garcinia. 
 
 Calyx closed in bud, bursting into 2 valves 2. Ochrocarpus. 
 
 Tribe II. CalophylleaB. Ovary with 1, 2 or 4 erect ovules ; style slender 
 (rarely styles 2), stigma peltate or 4-fid or acute. Fruit fleshy, rarely dehis- 
 cent. Embryo of two tieshy free or consolidated cotyledons, with a small 
 radicle. 
 
 Ovary l-celled, 1-ovuled; style 1, stigma peltate ' . .... 3. Calophyllum. 
 
 Ovary 1-celled, 4-ovuled; style 1, stigma 4-fid 4. Kayea. 
 
 Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled ; style 1, stigma peltate 5. Mesua. 
 
 Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled ; styles 2, stigmas acute 6. PcEciLONEUKOif. 
 
 1. GARCINIA, Linn. 
 
 (Including Xanthochymus, Eoxb.) 
 
 Trees, usually with yellow juice. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous, very 
 rarely stipulate. Flowers solitary fascicled or panicled, axillary or terminal, 
 polygamous. Sepals 4-5, decussate. Fetals 4-5, imbricate. Male fl. : 
 Stamens oo, free or collected into a ring or an entire globose or conical 
 4-5-lobed mass, usually surrounding a rudimentary ovary ; anthers sessile or 
 on short thick filaments, 2- rarely 4-celled, adnate or peltate, dehiscing by 
 slits or pores or circumsciss. Female or hermaphrodite fl. : Staminodes 8-oo , 
 free or connate. Ovary 2-1 2-celled ; stigma sessile or subsessile, peltate, 
 entire or lobed, smooth or tubercled ; ovules solitary in each cell, attached 
 to the inner angle of the cell. Berry with a coriaceous rind. Seeds with a 
 pulpy aril. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa, and Polynesia ; species about 50. 
 
 [Kurz (Jouni. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxvii. 64) rightly states that Xanthochymus cd-n- 
 not be kept distinct from Garcinia, for that both 4- and 5-merou8 flowers occur in 
 X. pictorius. — /. D. H.^ 
 
 Subgenus I. G-arclnia proper. Sepals and Petals 4 each. 
 
 Series A. Stigma divided into rays, or deeply 4-lobed (unknown in 
 G. hancana). 
 
 * Stamens of male flowers in 4 masses or in a 4-lobed mass surrounding 
 the rudimentary ovary j anthers oblong, dehiscing vertically. 
 
 si 
 
260 XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia. 
 
 1. G-. IHangrostana, Linn. ; leaves ellintic-oblong acuminate, nersres 
 very numerous horizontal, petiole short thick, male fl. 1^ in. diam. yellow- 
 red or purple, stamens in 4 masses, stigma sessile. JJC. Prodr. i. 560 ; 
 Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 618 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4847 ; Chois. GiUiif. Ind. 33 ; 
 Flanch. & Trian. Mem. GtUtiff. 170; \_Lane8san Mem. Garcin. 15j. 
 
 Native and cultivated in the Malayan Peninsula and Southern Tenasserim, — 
 DisTRiB. Malay Archipelago, cult, in Ceylon and a few spots in the Madras 
 Presidency. 
 
 A small conical tree 20-30 ft.; hranches many, decussate. Leaves 6-10 hy 2^-41 in., 
 very coriaceous ; nerves regular, close, inarching with an intramarginal one. Male fl. 
 in 3-9-flowered terminal fascicles ; pedicels short. Sepals orbicular, concave, persistent. 
 Petals broad-ovate, fleshy. Stamens indefinite. Hekmaph. fl. 2 in, diam., solitary or 
 geminate at the tips of the young branches; pe'licels ^ in., thick, woody. Sepals and 
 petals as in the male. Stamens many, filaments slender, connate below. Ovary 
 4-8-celled. Stigma sessile, 8-rayed ; ovules solitary. Ben-y a.s large as an orange, 
 smooth, dark purple ; pericarp firm, spongy. Seeds large, flattened ; aril very fleshy, 
 white, juicy. 
 
 2. Cr. corneal Linn. ; leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate, petiole \ in., 
 male fl, | in. diam. pale green, stamens in a 4-lobed mass, style short. 
 LC. Prodr. i. 561 ; tioxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 629 ; Wiijht Ic. t. 105 ; Wall. Cat. 4852 
 in part ; Clims. Guitif. Ind. 33 ; Planch, ii; Trian. Mem. Guttif. 170 ; [Lanes- 
 san Mem. Garcin. 20]. G. affiuis. Wall. Cat. 4852, -3, and -4 in part, not of 
 W. (fc A. Discostigma fabrile, Miguel Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 496 {Kurz in 
 Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxix. p. 64). 
 
 Eastekn Bengal from Silhet to Tenasserim, Penang, and Malacca. — Distrib. 
 Malay Archipelago. 
 
 A smnll tree ; trunk erect, branches horizontal and pendulous. Leaves 4-6 by 
 2-3 in., leathery, shining, often acuminate; veins stout, prominent, |-^ in. apart, 
 straight or forked, iuarching with an intramarginal one, Male fl, inodorous, in 3-9- 
 flowered terminal faw.-icles, pedicels 1-1 ^ in. Sepals orbicular, coriaceous. Petals ovate, 
 concave, twice as loni; as the sepals and thinner. Stam'nial masses united at their 
 base only. IIermaph. fl. usually solitary, like the males: pedicel short, stout, terminal. 
 Stigma large, 4-6-lobed, glutinous. Berry subspheiical, the size of a small orange, 
 briglit-red ; pericarp spongy. Seeds enclosed in a white jnicy very acid aril. — All 
 Cumming's speciniens marked 2296 are from Malacca; his 1124 are from the Philippines 
 and referable to Bluncos Cantbogia venulosa (Garcinia, Choi.'-y), diflering in the large 
 flowers, thick woody pedic'ls and many-lobed stigma. Wnilich's specimen G. affinis, 
 4854) is the only Silhet one 1 have seen; other of his specimens ticketed (G. apijiis 
 belong to G. anomala. [.M Lanessan, Mem. Gave. 21, refers this to G.olehica, Linn. 
 There are two or more species or forms comprised under this description of G. corma, 
 one with narrow leaves and very oblique veins, the other with broad leaves and much 
 closer-set veins more spreading from the midrib. This last resembles in foliage the 
 G. malaccense, and is apparently common in the Eastern Peninsula. — /. D. H.] 
 
 3. G-. speclosa, Wall. PI. As. Par. iii. t. 258 ; Cat. 4852 E ; leaves 
 oblong or elliptic-oblong narrowed at both ends, petiole ^ in. thick angled, 
 male fl. 1| in. diam. bright yellow. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 33 ; Planch, dc Trian. 
 Mem. Guttif, 171. 
 
 Tenasserim, near Amherst ; Moulmein; Martaban; Andaman Island, Kurz. 
 
 A tree about 50 ft., trunk straight, erect, 2 ft. diam. ; bark thin, greyish-black. 
 Leaves 5-12 by l|-3 in., leathery. Male fl. as in G. corma but larger, and very 
 fragrant. Female fl. unknown. — Closely allied to G. cornea, [M. Lanessan, Mem. 
 Garcin. 15, refers this species as a synonym to G. Mangostana.] 
 
 ** Stamens of male flower in a central shortly-stalked 4-anglecl or columnar 
 mass; anthers quadrate, dehiscing vertically; rudimentary ovary usually 0. 
 
Gareinia.] xxiii. guttifer^. (T. Anderson.) 261 
 
 t Male flower in Z-^ -jld. terminal and axillary fascicles ; fruit subglohose 
 or ovoid, tip mamillar {unknown in G. bancana). 
 
 4. G. indica, Chois. in DC. Prodr. i. 561 (according to Lanessan Mem. 
 Garcin. 45) ; leaves obovate- or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, male 
 pedicels 1-H in., fruit globose as large as an orange purple not furrowed. 
 Flamh. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 183 ; Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 45. G. pur- 
 purea, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 624 ; Graham Cat. Bomb. PL 25 ; Wight III. i. 125 ; 
 Dalz. <h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. '31 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi. ; Planch. <k 
 Trian. Mem. Guttif. 191. G. celebica, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 700 ; 
 and Chois. Guttif Ind. 33 (not of Humph.). Brindonia indica, Dupetit-Th. 
 in Diet. Sc. Nat. v. 340. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Ghats of Concan and Canara. — Distrib. Cultivated in Bom- 
 bay, Mauritius, &c. {I have seen no specimen.) 
 
 A slender tree, with drooping branches. Leaves 24-3^ in., dark-green, young red, 
 membranous, mucronate rarely obtuse. Male fl. 4-8 in axillary and terminal fascicles ; 
 buds as large as a pea. Sepals orbicular, outer smaller. Petals rather larger. /Stamens 
 numerous (12-20 Beddome), forming a short capitate column ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, 
 opening longitudinally. Fem. fl. solitary, terminal, shortly and strictly peduncled. 
 Staminodes in 4 masses. Ovary 4-8-celled ; stigma of as many lobes. Fruit spherical, 
 as large as a small orange, purple throughout, not grooved. Seeds 5-8, compressed, 
 enclosed in an acid pulp. {Characters from Roxburgh, &e.) 
 
 I have followed Planchon and Triana and Lanessan in referring the G. purpurea 
 of Roxburgh (not of Herb. Wallich) to G. indica of Choisy, a plant known from 
 early times as the Briudon of the Portuguese, and cultivated as such in Goa and the 
 Mauritius. It was described by Garcias in 1574, by J. Bauhin in 1623, and by Ray 
 in 1688. Roxburgh states of his G. purpurea that it was sent to him by Dr. Berry 
 from a garden, and was supposed to come from the Eastern Archipelago. Graham 
 (Cat. PI. Bombay) says that G. purpurea, Roxb., is the Brindall of the Portuguese, is 
 cultivated in the gardens of Bombay, and found wild in the ravines of Kandalla, &c. 
 The juice of the fruit is used as a mordant, and the expressed oil of the seed is the 
 Kokum oil of the natives, extensively used to adulterate Ghee. 
 
 There are in the Hookerian Herbarium specimens from Lambert's Herbaiium labelled 
 purpurea, Roxburgh, but they are imperfect ; their leaves are rather small, elliptic, 
 with very oblique somewhat distant nerves, and resemble those of G. Gambogia and 
 G. Jlorella, and are perhaps referable to G. lancecefolia. — /. D. H. 
 
 5. Gr, xnalaccense, Hook. f. ; leaves very coriaceous elliptic acuminate, 
 nerves very tine spreading close-set connected beneath by oblique nervules, 
 male fl. 1 in. diaro.. stoutly pedicelled fascicled, female 1^2 in. diam., stamens 
 in a dense stipitate conical column. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Maingay. {G. cornea, Roxb., Kew distrib. 149.) 
 Branches stout, 4-angled. Leaves 5-7 by 2-2i^ in., abruptly acuminate, hardly 
 shining above, brown when dry ; petiole ^ in. Male fl. on stout pedicels ^-| in., in 
 terminal fascicles of 4-6. Sepals orbicidar, concave. Petals twice as long, dull-red, 
 broadly ovate, shortly-clawed. Stamens very numerous, densely imbricated in a narrow 
 conical or pyramidal mass, filaments very short ; anthers adnate, ovoid, 2-celled, some 
 oblong, otuers bruader than long. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female fl. solitary, ter- 
 minal, rose- coloured. Staminodes few. Ouar?/ globose, 8-celled ; stigma sessile, very 
 large, convex, enveloping half the ovary, 8-cleft almost to the concave c«utre. Fruit 
 unknown. — So like G. spectabilis that but for the structure of the andrcecium (which is 
 confirmed by Maingay's careful analysis), I should have hesitated in separating it from 
 that plant, which again differs from G. cornea chiefly in the much larger flower. 
 Cumming's 2296 from the same locality (referred by Choisy to G. venulosa of the 
 Philippines, and by T. Anderson to G. cornea) may be this same plant. — /. D. H. 
 
 6. G. Cambogrla, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 701 j leaves oblong 
 elliptic or lanceolate dark green beneata, nerves very oblique, male pedicels 
 
262 XXIII. GUTTiFER^. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia. 
 
 :J-f in., rudimentary stigma 3-4-lobed or 0, fruit not grooved to the tip. 
 Boxb. Coram. PI. iii. t. 298, Fl. Ind. ii. 621 ; DC. Prodr. i. 561 ; Wall. Cat. 
 4865, 4866, 4861 C, 4863 B ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 561 ; Chois. Guttif. Ind, 35 ; 
 Planch, d; Trian. Mem. Guttif. 177 ; Thwaites Envm. 48 ; [Lanessan Mem. 
 Garcin. 362 ; Beddome Flor. ISybat.i.^b]. G. zeylanica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 621 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 4867; [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 408 J. G. affinis, W. dh A. Prodr. 
 101 (uot of Wall. Cat. 4854). G. elliptica. Wall. Cat. 4b69. 
 
 Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from Concan to Travancor ; Ceylon. 
 
 A small erect tree ; branches drooping. Leaver 2-5 by ^-1^ in., dark green, shining, 
 hardly coriaceous, shortly acuminate, base acute rarely obtuse ; midrib prominent to the 
 middle; veins thick, usually very oblique, ^ in. apait, reticulate; petiole \-^ m. 
 Male fl. in short axillary fascicles; pedicels thickened towards the tip, often rtflexed. 
 Sepals with narrow membranous margins, outer ^-^ in. long, inner larger. Petals 
 twice as long as the sepals, thinner, oblong, concave. Stamens 12-20 or more, adnate 
 to the receptacle into a mass with a prominent centre ; free part of filaments ^^ i"* '*'"g' 
 £u<Jimentary stigmas 3-4, very short or (». Hekmaph. fl. 1-3, terminal and axillary, 
 rather larger than the male ; pedicels ^\ in. Stamens 10-20, filaments unequal, all 
 connate at the base or in unequal bundles. Stigmatic rays 8-10-tubercled, free nearly 
 to the base, spreading. Fruit the size of a small apple, yellow or red, grooves 6-8, 
 ending about the middle ; top flat, depressed, mamilla thick. Seeds 6-8 ; aril succu- 
 lent. — Roxburgh's unpublished drawing (Herb. Calcutta and Kew) differs from that in 
 the Coromandel plants in the usually axillary female flowers, with few terminal ones, 
 and in the papillose scarcely divided stigma; differences of no specific vali:e. Thwaites 
 (Enum.) states that this yields a yellow insoluble gum, hence valueless as a pigment, 
 but that the acid juice of the ripe fruit is used as a condiment. — [G. indica, Chois (DC 
 Prodr. i. 561), founded on I'homas's Brindonia indica (Diet. Sc. Nat. v. 340), is pro- 
 bably this species, but having seen no specimens I do not quote it. See No. 4.] 
 
 [The following varieties or species are referred to O. Camhogia by Beddome (Fl. Sylv. 
 Gen. xxi.). 
 
 Var. 1. conicarpa, Wight Tc. 121 (excl. <J), 111. i. 126 (sp); Planch. & Trian. Mem. 
 Guttif. 192 ; Lane.^san Mem. Garcin. 53 ; kaves bioader beyond the- middle or linear- 
 rblong, fruit ovoid-conical 4-grooved to the top, furrows angular. — Shevagerry hills, 
 Wight. 
 
 Vau. 2. papilla, Wight Tc. t. 960, 961 (sp.); Planch. & Trian. Guttif. Ind. 191 ; 
 Lanessan mem. Garcin. 50 ; leaves large elliptic, fruit ovoid 4-8-grooved to the top 
 with a terminal mamilla — Conoor and Sisparah jungles, Wight.] 
 
 7. G. Cowa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 622 : leaves broad-lanceolate acute at both 
 ends dark green beneath, male pedicels ^— | in., rudimentary stigma 0, fruit 
 grooved to the tip. UC. Prodr. i. 561 ; W.d- A. Prodr. i. l(tl ; Chois. Guttif. 
 Ind. 34 ; Planch, d' Trian. Mem. Gidtif 186 ; Wall. Cat. 4863 ; [Lanessan Mem. 
 Garcin. 54.] G. Kydia, Roxb. I.e. 623 ; Wight. Ic. t. 113 ; [G. Kydiana, Lanessan 
 Mem. Garci7i. 59. j G. Roxburghii, Wight III. 125 {excl. syn. Cambogia Zey- 
 lanicae affinis), /c.t. 104. G. umbellifera, /^oa;6.. Wall. 6'a^.4864. G.Wallichii, 
 Chois.' I.e. 37. G. lobulosa, Wall. Cat. 4868 A ; Chois I.e. 36. Oxy carpus 
 gangetica. Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. v. 344. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; bills near Monghir; Assam; Eastern Peninsula; Andaman 
 Islands, Kurz. 
 
 An erect tree, 60 ft. ; trunk straight, simple ; branches many, slender, lower reaching 
 the ground ; bark dark-grey. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in. ; veins yV~^ ^^- apart, slender, 
 regvilar, inarching with an intra-marginal one. Male fl. in 3-8-flowered, rarely axillary 
 umbels ; pedicels ^-^ in. Sepals ^ in. long, broad-ovate, thick, fleshy, yellow, with 
 pink on both surfaces. Petals twice as long, oblong. Stamens many ; anthers sub- 
 sessile, 4-celled. Hermaph. fl. solitary, rarely 2-3, axillary, sessile. Ovary subglobose; 
 stigmatic rays spreading, papillose. Stamens (sterile) in 4 clusters of 3-8 unequal 
 filaments. Fruit the size of a small orange, dark-yellow, 4-8-gi"ooved and celled, de- 
 pressed above, tip mamillary. — Wallich's Sincapore specimens 4868 B are very im- 
 
Garcinia.] xxiii. guttifer^. (T. Anderson.) 263 
 
 perfect. The specimens under this number in Herb. Linn. Soc. consist of two brandies 
 wi^h leaves and solitary terminal female flowers: the five leaves marked B are detached 
 and can hardly be referred to O. Cowa, whilst the flowers certainly can. — [Lanessau 
 retains G. Kydiana as a distinct species with G. Wallichiana, Choisj, and umbettifera, 
 Wall., as synonym.] 
 
 8. Gr. nigTo-lineata, Planch, mss. ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 
 acuminate acute at the base ferruginous beneath, male pedicels \-\ in., 
 rudimentary stigma 0. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith (Kew distrib. 854), and Maingay (Kew 
 distrib. 152 and 162). 
 
 A tree ; branches often knotted ; bark dusky. Leaves 5-8 by 1^-3 in., subcnriaoeous, 
 tapering to the base ; veins many, delicate, -^^-^ in. apart, inarching with an intra- 
 marginal one. Male fl. 3-9, fascicled on short^xillary woody nodes; pedicels |-^in., 
 slender, thickened above. Sepals ^V in., fleshy, orbicular. Petals a little longer and 
 thinner, concave, reflexed above the middle. Stamens in a shortly ppdicelled 4 cornered 
 compressed mass ; anthers 4-gonal, 4-ceIIed. Female fl. solitary, axillary. Ovary ovoid 
 (5-7-celled, Maingay) ; stigma 5-7-lobed, lobes lobulate, papillose. ["Fruit subglobose, 
 with a thick fleshy stipitate discoid apiculus, as large as a walnut, bright orange- 
 yellow." — Maingay J\ 
 
 9 1 G-. bancana, Miquel Flor. Ned. Ind. Supj^L 494 ; branchlets very 
 stout, leaves broadly ovate or oblong tip rounded very coriaceous, veins 
 numerous slender, petiole 1 in., male fl. small shortly pedicelled in dense 
 fascicles from axillary cushions that are clothed with lanceolate bracts. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Maingay (Kew distrib. 158). — Distrib. Island of 
 Banca. 
 
 Branchlets as thick as the little finger, 4-angled, black when dry, nodes very close 
 set. Leaves 5-7 by 3-4 in., not shining, narrowed into the petiole, brown when dry, 
 nerves uniform very slender, with oblique sinuous connecting nerves beneath ; petiole 
 not very stout. Male fl. \ in. diam., crowded on every node for a considerable length ; 
 pedicels J in. long; bracts crowded, tV—iV ^"- ^^ng, membranous, erect, red-brown. 
 Sepals orbicular, outer smaller. Petals rather larger than the inner sepals, orbicular, 
 concave, not very coriaceous. Stamens forming a quadrate mass, without a rudimentary 
 ovary ; anthers small, subsessile, 2celled, peltate. — I find no difference between this 
 plant and the Banca one except that the leaves are larger and the pedicels rather 
 shorter. A very similar or identical plant is found in Borneo ; its remarkable inflo- 
 rescence and bracts at once distinguish it. — J. D. H. 
 
 ft Male flower terminal^ solitary or geminate, rarely 3, fruit ohovoid, 
 unknown in G. loniceroides. — Leaves 2-4 in. 
 
 10. G-. lanceaefolia, Roxb. FL Ind. ii. 623 ; leaves narrow-lanceolate 
 acuminate subcoriaceous dark green, flowers ^ in. diam. Wight Ic. t. 163 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 4861 A, B; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 36 ; Planch. (^ Trian. Mem. Guttif. 
 186 {_Laae.ssan Mem. Garcin. 48]. G. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 4862, and 
 Chois. I.e. 36 {iiot of Roxburgh). 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; in forests of Assam and Silhet. 
 
 A small tree ; bark dark, rough. Leaves 2-4 by f-1 in., rather thick, tapering at 
 the base ; veins few, indistinct; petiole J-| in. Male fl. 1-2, terminal, dark-yellow. 
 Sepals ^ in. long, thick, oblong, fleshy. Petals smaller, slightly oblique, dark red. 
 Stamens about 40, in a globose mass ; anthers 4-celled. Female fl. terminal or axdlary, 
 rather larger than the male. Stamens in 4 bundles of 4-5 each. Ovary ovoid ; stig- 
 matic rays 6-8, gland-ilarly tubercled. Fruit the size of a small plum, obovojd, not 
 grooved, orainge-yellow, 6-8-seeded.— [Lanessan refers G. oxyphylla, PI. & Tnan., to 
 this species.] 
 
264 XXI ir. GUTTiFERuE. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia. 
 
 11. G. loniceroides, T. Anders. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate oroblanceo- 
 late membranous glaucous beneath, flowers very small i in. diam. 
 
 BiRMA, Griffith {Kew distrib. n. 870) ; Pegu, at Tonkve ghat, Kurz. 
 
 A shrub or small tree ; branches slender, decussate, horizontal, old bark dark grey ; 
 young shoots reddish purple. Leaves 2-4 by 4-^ in., confined to the young shoots ; 
 ▼eins slender, indistinct, irreejularly branched and forked; petiole ^ in. Male ti. 
 r.irely axillary, usually 3 or more; pedicels slender, ^ in. Sepals axu\ petals tV^iV '"•» 
 thinly fleshy, broad-ovate, concave. Stamens many in a central sessile 8ub-4-gonai 
 mass ; anthers subsessile, 2-celled. Budiinentary ovary 0. 
 
 ttt Male flower in a terminal 3-chotomous panicle ; fruit smooth. 
 
 12. G-. pedunculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 625 ; leaves obovate obtuse 
 long-petioled. WaU. Cat 4860; Wight III. 125, Ic. t. 114, 115 : Chois. Mnn. 
 QiMif. 36 ; Planch, dh Trian. Mem. Gutlif. 192 ; [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 
 
 42]. 
 
 Forests of N.E. Bengal, near Rungpore and Goalpara, and in Silhet, where it is 
 cultivated for its pleasant acid fruit. 
 
 A tree about 60 ft-.; bark spongy. Leaves 6-12 by 3-54 i"-» subcoriaceotis ; base 
 acute or acuminate ; midrib stoat; veins 4 in. apart, regular, parallel, tips in;irched and 
 anastomosing; petiole 1-1 J in. Male fl. large, pale green, in 8-r2-flowLred panicles; 
 pedicels 2-3 in., stout, erect. Sepals ^ in., orbicular, fleshy, inner pair narrower. 
 Petals narrower, but scarcely longer, obhmg. -S'iamevw in a 4-angled trtmcate shortly 
 stipitate mass ; anthers 4-gonal, 2-celled. Female fl. solitary, larger than the male, 
 terminal on a thick 4-angled peduncle ^ in. long. Stamens 20-30, filaments in 
 4 bundles, connate below. Ovary globose; stigmatic rays 8-10, spreading. Fruit 
 large, yellow, the size of a small melon. Seeds 8-10, large, reniform ; aril succulent. 
 
 tttt Male flowers several^ in sessile terminal heads ; fruit echinate. 
 
 13. far. echinocarpa, Thwaites in Hook. Joum. Bot. vi. (1854) 71 ; 
 Enam. 49 ; leaves lanceolate oblong or obovate acute or retuse base narrowed. 
 Planch. <i' Trian. Mem. Guttif. 193 ; [Beddome Fl(jr. Syivat. Gen. xxi. 
 Lanetisan Mem. Garcin. 33]. 
 
 Central and Southern provinces of Ceylon. 
 
 A tree, 40-50 ft. Leaves 3-6 by 1-24 in., thickly coriaceous; veins close, regular; 
 petiolfc stout, ^-1 in. Male fl. small, sessile, pale yellow. Sepals thick, orbicular, sub- 
 cordate. Petals twice as long, thinner, oblong, suboblique. Stamins 12 or more, on a 
 short 8ub-4-gonous stalk; anthers subsessile, 4-angled. Female fl. solitary, terminal, 
 sessile. Stamens connate in a ring. Ovary covered wiih imbricate Heshy scales ; 
 stigma peltate, irregularly lobed. Fruit I4 in. long, subglobose, dark-red, covered with 
 broad sharp tubercles (like the Litchi fruit), l-S-seeded. — The thick oil of the seed is 
 used for lamps, but is not good. 
 
 Vak. 1. Leaves lanceolate-oblong acute, flowers small. — Forests, below 4000 ft. 
 
 Vah. 2. Leaves thickly coriaceous obovate or oblong retuse or obtuse, flowers large. — 
 A mountain state, alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 *** Stamens of the male flowers in a subglobose mass ; anthers adnata, 
 orbicular, dehiscence circumsciss, rudimentary ovary 0. (Male fl. axillary.) 
 
 14. G. Morella, Besiyuss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 701, t. 405, f. 2 ; leaves 
 thickly coriaceous elliptic-obovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse, veins very 
 oblique, petals longer than the inner sepals. DC. Prodr. i. 561 ; Planch. <k 
 I'rian. Mem. Guttif. 195 ; Ilanbury in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 489, t. 50 
 [Beddome. Flor. Syivat. t. 86 ; Lanessan Mem. .Garcin. 62]. G. lobulosa, 
 WalL Cat. 4868. G. pictoria, Roxb. Fl, Ind. ii. 627 ; WigfU Ic. t. 102 IBed- 
 domeFlor. Syivat. t. 87]. G. elliptica, Wall. Cat. 4869; Wight Ic. t. I2O. 
 G. acuminata, Planch, d; Trian. I.e. 200. G. gutta, WigM 111. 125, t. 144 
 
Garcinia.] xxiii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) 265 
 
 (eoccl. syn. Linn.). G. cambogioides, Royle Mat.'' Med.' Ed. iii. 339. Hebra- 
 dendron cambogioides, Graham in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199, t. 27.^ 
 
 Forests of Eastern Bengal ; the Khasia Mts. ; the Western Peninsula, in Malabar 
 and Canara, and the Eastern Peninsula at Malacca and Sincapore ; Ceylon. — Dis- 
 TRIB. Eastwards to Siara. 
 
 A small tree, 30-50 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 1^-3 in., base acute, veins indistinct, ^-\ in. 
 apart; petiole about \ in., short, stout. Male fl. about 3, subsessile in the axils of 
 fallen leaves, or on pedicels ^-| in. long. /Sepals y^ in., orbicular, concave. Petals 
 similar, but rather larger. /Stamens many, in an obscurely 4-aiigled subghibnse mnss; 
 free portion of filament very short ; anthers orbicular, flattened. Female fl. larger than 
 the male, solitary, axillary, sessile or shortly pedicelled. Staminodes about 1 2, bases 
 connate or in a ring. Ovary subglobose ; stigma large, sessile, 4-lobed, tubercled, lobes 
 toothed. Fruit the size of a cherry^ subglobose, slightly 4-lobed, 4-celled, 4- seeded. — 
 For an excellent memoir and accurate figure see Hanbury's paper cited above. "The 
 only Ceylon Gamboge-yielding species." Thwaites. Much confusion has arisen from 
 Planchon and Triana having examined only imperfect specimens of Wallich'.s n. 4868. 
 The specimens in the Linnean Society consist of 2 branches, with many attached 
 leaves, a young leaf and a fruit, all certainly belonging to the true G. MoreVa. — 
 [Lanessan adds, as other synonyms, G. laterijlora, Blum., and Gaudichaudi, PI. & 
 Trian. Beddome keeps G. pictoria, Roxb., distinct from G. 3Iorella, Desroiiss., on 
 account of difference in the female flower, which he represents as having the staminodes 
 in bundles and the stigma very small, 4-lobed in the centre. He states that the Gamboge 
 has been analyzed by Mr. Broughton, and that it proves equal to that of G. Morella. — 
 J. D. B.] 
 
 15. G. Choisyana, Wall. Cat. 4870; leaves membranous ovate acu- 
 minate, petals twice as long as the sepals. Planch. <h Trian. Mem. Gattif. 
 203. Hebradendron Choisyanum, Chois. Guttif. Ind. 39. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, Wallich. 
 
 Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in. ; veins few, 4-4 in. apart, alternate, reticulate, anastomosing 
 at the tips; petiole 4 in., slender. Male fl. S)litary?, axillary, sessile. SepaU ^ in., 
 broad ovate, scarious. Petals obovate, slightly concave. Stamens many, in a short 
 mass, 'free portion of filament short ; anthers irregular, more or less orbicular. Fe.viale 
 fl. unknown. 
 
 16. G. heterandra, Wall. Cat. 4856 ; leaves thickly coriaceous ovate 
 obtuse or obtusely acuminate, petals twice as long as the sepals. Planch. <&; 
 Trian. Mem. Guttif. 204. Hebradenvlron Wallichii, Chois. Gidtif. Ind. 39. 
 
 Forests of Pegu and Tenasserim, ascending to 4000ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 874). 
 
 Young branches stout, with large axillary flowering nodes. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., 
 base tapering; veins ^-1 in. apart, faint, curved; petiole |-1 in,, stout. Male fl. 
 ^ in. diam., axillary, subsessile. Sepals thin, coriaceous, orbicular. Petals thick, fleshy. 
 Stamens in a globose central mass, free portions of filaments very short ; anthers peltate. 
 Female fl. axillary, solitary, sessile. Immature fruit subglobose, 4-celled, 4-8eeded; 
 stigmatic rays 4, sessile, tubercled. — Choisy describes the male flowers as solitary, but 
 1 think the large scarred axillary nodes indicate their being fascicled. 
 
 17. Cr, Wig-htii, T. Anders. ; leaves coriaceous linear-lanceolate acumi- 
 nate, petals equalling the sepals. 
 
 Forests of Southern India, Wight. (Distrib. Kew, PI. Wight, 145.) 
 Leaves 3-5 by ^-i in.; veins very slender oblique ; petioles ^-^ in. Male fl. small, 
 sessile, axillary. Sepals equal, thinly coriaceous, orbicular, concave. Petals obovate, 
 very concave. Stamens about 20, in a 4-gonal column enclosing a rudimentary 4-t;onal 
 style, filaments free above ; anthers peltate, dehi&cence oblique. Female ti. solitary, 
 sessile. Pruit the size of a small cherry ; stigma 4-lobed. — The Gamboge of this 
 species is very soluble, and yields a good pigment. 
 
^QQ XXIII. auTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) \Garcinia. 
 
 Series B. Stigma entire. 
 
 * Stamens of the male flowers in a globose central mass; anthers 2-4-celled, 
 dehiscing vertically (unknown in 19. atro-viridis). Stigma convex. 
 
 18. G. paniculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.626 ; leaves thin oblong-lanceolate 
 or obovate, male fl. in twice or thrice branched panicles, female in short 
 terminal spikes. Wight III. 125, let. 112; Wall. Cat. 48o7 ; Ckois. Gatiif. 
 Ind. 35 ; Planch, d; Tri/m. Mem. Gtittif. 194 [Laitessan Mem.. Garcirt. 60]. 
 G. Bhumicowa, Boxh. ; Wall. Cat. 4858. 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; Khasia Mts., ascending to 3000 ft. ; Eastern Himalaya, Bhotan, 
 Booth. 
 
 A tree, about 40 feet; branches many, ancending. Leaves 6-9 by 2-4 in., shining, 
 acuminate, rarely obtuse, base tapering; veins | in, apart, curved ; petiole | in. Male 
 fl.'many, pure white. Outer sepaU small, thick, inner y\ in. Petals 3 times longer, 
 ovate, very concave. Stamens many, subsessile, imbricate in a large siibp:lobo8e maeg; 
 anthers obovate, 2-4-celled. Fkmale fl. few, like the males. Staminodes 0, or 1-2 fila- 
 ments. Ovary subglobose; stigma convex, entire, tubercled. Fruit the size of a large 
 cherry, yellow, succulent. iSeeds 4, reniform, aril pulpy. 
 
 19. G. atro-viridls, Griff, mss. ; leaves coriaceous oblong-lanceolate, 
 female fl. solitary terminal. 
 
 Upper Assam, at Tabong, Griffith. (Herb. Kew Distrib. 862). Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Young branches stout, terete , bark black when dry. Leaves 6-9 by 2-2^ in., thickly 
 coriaceous, dark green, shining, abruptly acuminate, base contracted ; veins ^ in. apart, 
 prominent on both surfaces, anastomosing along the margin; petiole 1 in. Female H. 
 large, 1^ in. diam. ; pedicel 1 in. SepuU spreading, large, orbicular, concave, blood-red 
 within. Petals obovate, fleshy, coloured like tlie sepals, tip recurved. IStamens united 
 below into a ring. Ovary subangled, 10-celled; stigma sessile 8ub-4-gonal, minutely 
 tubercled, broader than tne ovary. — " Ovary 9-celled ; 8tij,'ma closely adherent to the 
 ovary, large, orbicular, convex, blood-red, fleshy, margin obscurely lobed. Ivipo fruit 
 3 in. long, subglobose, base slightly y-lobed, dull yellow, crowned by the at length con- 
 cave stigma." — Mainyay rnss. 
 
 20. G, Griffitbil, T.Anders.; leaves^very large ovate or ovate-cordate, 
 obtuse, nerves distant. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, Mt. Opbir near Malacca, G^ri^/t (Kew Distrib. 361); Main' 
 gay (Kew Distrib. 153). 
 
 A tall tree ; young branches 4-gonou8, pale green. Leaves 12-18 by 4-64 ^^-i coria- 
 ceous ; midrib stout, rigid, angled ; veins very prominent, i| in. apart, tips free. Male fl. 
 numerous, small, bright yellow, in very short axillary woody branches, pedicels 2 in. 
 SepaU tV'"' '^'"g> concave, fleshy. Pttals a little hirger, oblong, "dull-red,'' Maivgay. 
 Stamens many, in a sub-4-gonal sessile flattened mass ; anthers subsessile, 2-celled. 
 Mudimentary ovary 0. Female fl. : " Ovary 12-celled ; style very short, stigma 
 peltate slightly convex obscurely lobod at the margin, rough with elevated papillae, 
 persistent. Fruit pomitbrm faintly ribbed, 2 in. in longest diam. Seed two-thirds pen- 
 dulous.' ' — Maingay. 
 
 [There is in Maingay's Herbarium a plant very like this in habit, but described by 
 him as having a circumsciss anther, which is cultivated at Sincapore as the true Gam- 
 boge of Siam.] 
 
 ** Stamens of the male flower in an annular mass round the rudimentary 
 ovary ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscence vertical Stigma broad, discoid, centre 
 depressed. 
 
 21. G. anoxnala, Planch, d' Trian. Mem. Gutiif. 174 ; leaves coriaceous 
 elliptic or oblong-lanceolate shortly acuminate, male and female fl. in brac- 
 teate 3-flowered cymes. \_Lanessa)i Mem Garcin. 30.] G. affinis, Wall. Cat. 
 4854 injjurt, not of W. dc ^.— Guttifera, Griff. It. iVotes^ 40, No. 654. 
 
Garcinia.] xxiii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) ^Q7 
 
 Eastern Bengal; Jyntea Hills and Khasi^a Mts., Wallkh, &c., in beds of torrents, 
 3000-5000 ft. elevation. (Kew Distrib. Herb., Griffith, 848) ; (Herb. Ind. Or., H. f. & T. 
 Garcinia, 14). 
 
 A small erect tree, branches subverticillate. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3? in., dark green; 
 veins close-set, anastomosing within the margin ; petiole ^-4 in. Cymes in the axils of 
 the upper leaves, rather exceeding the petioles ; pedicels short, stout ; bracts under each 
 flower 2, leafy, | in. long. Male H. : Sepals orbicular, concave. Petals \ in. long, . 
 obliquely oblong, suberect, slightly concave. Stamens very numerous, mass subglobose 
 concealing the rudimentary ovary ; anthers large, horse-shoe shaped. Female fl. like 
 the male, but ^ smaller. Staminodes many, united into a lobe<i ring or into bundles. 
 Ovary oblong ; stigma broad, discoid, edge revolute, slightly lobed. Fruit the size of a 
 plum, subglobose, smooth, dark olive-green, crowned by the short-thick style, 1-2- 
 seeded. 
 
 22. G-. IWaing'ayl, Hook.f.; leaves 4-6 in., elliptic obtusely apiculate 
 petioled, nerves distant spreading arched distinct, interspaces covered with 
 minute wavy irregular raised points and lines, flowers about | in diam. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, Malacca, Maingay, (Kew Distrib. No. 161 cJ and 160 9). 
 
 A small tree ; branches obtusely angled. Leaves coriaceous, very pale-brown when 
 dry, not shining, narrowed into the petiole, which is ^ in. long ; nerves ^-\ in. apart. 
 Male fl. in terminal fascicles, shortly pedicelled. Sepals broader than long, outer 
 smaller than the inner. " Petals larger than the sepals, shortly clawed. Stamens very 
 numerous, filaments connate into a short column ; anthers in very many series sur- 
 rounding a columnar rudimentary ovary with a discoid top, linear, recurved, 2-celled. 
 Female fl. solitary, terminal, subsessile. Perianth of the male. Staminodes few, slen- 
 der, inserted on a hypogjnous ring. Ovary globose, half concealed by the large convex 
 entire stigma, 4-6-celled. — Maingay describes the stigma as marginally 3-4-lobed, but 
 it appears to be quite entire in the dried specimens. — /. L>. H. 
 
 23. Cr. stipulata, T. Anders, ; leaves thickly coriaceous elliptic-oblong 
 stipulate, male flowers in 4-6-flowered cymes, female solitary or geminate. 
 Guttifera, Griff. It. Notes, 117 n. 261. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, in moist subtropical forests, Bhotan, Griffith (Kew. Distrib. 860) 
 Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft., /. D. H. (Herb. H. f. & T. Garcinia, 17.) 
 
 A tree, about 60 ft ; bark smooth, branches slender. Leaves 6-12 by 14-3^ in., dark 
 green, thickly coriaceous, yellow-green ; midrib and nerves pnmiinent, the latter alternate, 
 distant, incurved, reticulate ; petiole | in. ; stipules small, triangular. Male fl. 4-6 in 
 each cyme ; pedicels 4 in., stout ; bracts scale-like. Sepals orbicular, concave, outer 
 ^ in., inner \ in. broad. Petals twice as long, obliquely ovate, acute. Stamens many, 
 in an annular mass; free portion of filaments very short. Female fl. like the male, 
 axillary, solitary, shortly pedicelled. Fruit ^ in. long, oblong, smooth, shortly pointed, 
 2-celled and 2-seeded ; stigma orbicular, tubercled, margin revolute. Seeds flattened, 
 oblong, testa strongly nerved. — Planchon and Triana refer the flowers of the Herb. Ind. 
 Or. H. f. & T. specimens of this to G. speciosa (I.e. 172 in note), and state that they 
 cannot reconcile the venation and stipulation of the leaves distributed with them with 
 any Guttlferce but the tribe Quinece, and therefore refer these to a plant of that said 
 tribe. 1 have however examined the living plant in Sikkim, and it is certain that there 
 was no error in the distribution of the Indian specimens. 
 
 *** Stamens of the male flowers in 4 bundles ; anther-cells dehiscing by 
 terminal pores, or by 2 erect valves ; stigma peltate smooth. 
 
 24. G. mer^uensis, Wight III. 122, Ic. t. 116; leaves lanceolate 
 elliptic or ovate with a long obtuse or notched tip, flowers axillary, male 
 cymose, female solitary or in pairs. WaU. Cat. 1948. [Latiesscm Mem. 
 Garcin. bl, excl. syn.] Discostigma merguense, Planch, d: Tiian, Mem. 
 GiUtif. 208. 
 
268 XXIII. GUTTiFERJi. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; in dense woods from Mergui to Malacca. 
 
 A small tree or shrub, young branches 8ub-4-gonal. Leaxies 2-4 by 1-lf in., thinly 
 coriaceous ; veins below very close set, delicate, ending in a stout intramarginal one ; 
 petiole ^l in. Male fl. numerous; cymes \-l in long; pedicels \ in., 4-goiuil Outer 
 sepals small, bract-like ; inner ^V i^-; t^^^- nienibranuus, concave. Petals like the 
 inner sepals, concave. Stamens many, in 4 distinct bundles, each bearing a head of 
 anthers on short filaments ; anthers small. 2-celled. Budimentary stigma large fungoid ; 
 style equalling the staminal bundles. Female fl. on pedicels ^-1 in. Fruit ^-^ in. 
 long, oblong, fleshy. Seed solitary, subreniform. 
 
 25. G. travancorlca, Bedclcmie Flor. Sylvat. t. 173; leaves 2^-3^ in. 
 linear- oblong, tip rounded, base acute, nerves very slender horizontal, surface 
 finely reticulated beneath between them, petiole slender, flowers \ in. diaia. 
 Garciiiia, sp. 2, Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi. 
 
 AVestern Peninsula, in forests of Travancor and Tinnivelly, Beddome. 
 
 A large tree, abounding in a yellow pigment ; branches obtusely 4-angled, shining. 
 Leaves coriaceous, sometimes broader upwards, dark green above, not shining, pale 
 beneath, with a stout reddish (when dry) midrib, and beautifully reticulated surface; 
 margins recurved; petiole .J- 1 in. Male fl.in 3-chotomous, short, few flowered terminal 
 and subterminal cymes. Sepals orbicular, concave. Pttals about twice as 1 irge, shortly 
 clawed. /S<rt//jen« in 4 large masses ; anthers very numerous, versatile, 2-celled, cells 
 longitudinally 2-valved. Budimentary ovary columnar, with a circular peltate stigma. 
 FE.\fALE fl. terminal, subsolitary. Perianth of the male. Stamiuodes few, slender, 
 inserted in a hypogynouK nng. Ovary globose, half concealed by the large convex 
 obscurely lobed siigma. Fruit as large as a walnut, subglobose, contracted into a short 
 thick style with a broad imlricate stigma ^ in. diam. Seeds few, large, shining. — 
 /. D. H. 
 
 26. G-. terpnophylla, Thwaites Enum. 406 ; leaves lanceolate acute or 
 acuminate with an obtuse tip, flowers axillary, male in short subumbellate 
 fascicles, females solitary or in pairs. Beddome Ftor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi. 
 Terpnopliyllum zeylanicum, Thwdtes in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 
 70, t. 2, f. 1, Enum. 49. Discostigma zeylanicum, Planch. <t Trian. Mem. 
 Gidtif. 209. 
 
 Central province of Ceylon, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A middle-sized tree, young foliage red-purple. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1 i in., coriaceous; 
 midrib prominent, veins ^ in. apart, inarching at the tips with an intramarginal one. 
 Male fl. ^ in diam.; pedicels Jin. Slaimns many, in 4 [2-4 Beddome j very short 
 spreading bundles, adnate to the basal keel of the petals ; anthers sessile. Budiinentary 
 ovary a small papilla. Female fl. : Staminodes scale-like. Ovary 2-celled ; stigma 
 peltate, partially lobed. Fruit f in. long, obliquely ovoid, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. — In the 
 flower I have exanuned the stamens are in 4 equal bundles, as in its allies of this section, 
 and not on a lobed disk as represented in Journ. I>ot. I.e. 
 
 Var. acuminatum; leaves with a long tapering obtuse point. Discostigma acumi- 
 natum, Planch. (£• 2'rian. 3Iem. Guttif. 209. 
 
 27. G. eug-eniaefolia, Wall. Cat, 4873 ; leaves broadly lanceolate acute 
 or acuminate, male flowers in short dense axillary cymes, females subum- 
 belled. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Sincapore, Wallich (7491); Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 A small tree very like G. mergaense, but with large broader leaves, finely and closely 
 veined beneath like a Calophyllum. Male fl. as in merguense but smaller, in short 
 dense cymes. Staminal bundles distinct, suberect, free part of filaments very short ; an- 
 thers very small. Style slender, as long as the stamens. Female fl. in 4r- 10 flowered 
 short subumbelled cymes. Sepals minute, scale-Hke. Petals smaller, margins ciliate. 
 Staminodes V Ovary short, terete ; stigma broad, peltate with revolute entire mar- 
 gins. — I cannot agree with Triana and Flanchon in referring lJiscustigm,a rostratum, 
 
Garcinia.] xxiii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) 269 
 
 Haask. to this. Heifer states that the stem exudes a green varnish, and Griffith de- 
 scribes the juice of the fruit as milky. 
 
 Subgenus II. Xantbochymus, Boxb. (Gen.). Sepals and Petals 5, 
 very rarely 4. FiJ/iments connate in 5, rarely 4 erect distant pedicelled 
 spathulate bodies, antheriferous at the top, free portions very short, in- 
 curved ; anthers small diJymous. 
 
 28. Cr. Xanthocliymus, Hook.f. ; leaves large linear-oblong or oblong- 
 lanceolate acute or acuminate, male fl. fascicled \ in. diam. shortly pedi- 
 celled. Xanthochymus pictorius, Roxb. Corcmi. PI. ii. 51, t. 196, Fl. Ind. 
 ii. 633. X. tinctorius, DC. Prodr. i. 562 ; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 32 ; Planch. ^ 
 Trian. Mem. Guttif. 149 ; W. & A. Prodr. 102 ; Wall. Gat. 4837. 
 
 Eastern Bengal and the Eastern Himalaya, from Sikkim to the Khasia Mts. and 
 to Birraa : Eastehn Peninsula, Penang and the Andaman Islds. ; Western Peninsula, 
 the Circars, Roxburgh, and from the Bombay Ghats southward. 
 
 A middling sized tree ; trunk straight ; branches dro'>ping, angular. Leaves 9-18 by 
 2-4 in., coriaceous, shining, veins |-4 in. apart, reticulated; petiole 1 in., rugose. Male 
 fls. f in. diara., in 4-8-flowered fascicles, from the axils of fallen leaves, white; pedicels 
 thickened, l-j| in. Sepals ij in., orbicular, concave, fleshy, unequal. Petals ^ in., 
 orbicular, spreading, thin. Stamens in 5 broad bundles of 3-5, alternating with 5 fleshy 
 glands, anthers 2-celled. Hekmapil fl. Hke the male. Ovanj ovoid, pointed, usually 
 5-celled; stigmatic lobes 5, oblong, spreading, entire. Fruit the size of an apple, sub- 
 globose, pointed, dark yellow. Seeds 1-4, oblong. — Yields a large quantity of indifferent 
 gamboge (Roxburgh). The closely allied X. dulcis, Roxb., of the Indian Archipelago 
 has a round-tipped fruit. There are in Heifer's Tenasserim Herbarium imperfect spe- 
 cimens of a plant much resembling this, but with pubeser;nt branchlets. " A very variable 
 species in the shape of the leav s, and length of the peduncles and pedicels ; it yields a 
 tenacious gum of no value." — Thwaites. 
 
 29. G". ovalifolius, Hook.f. ; leaves ovate elliy)tic-oblong or lanceolate 
 or suborbicular retuse obtuse or acute, male jEl. spiked or fascicled, sepals 
 ciliolate. Xanthochymus ovalifolius, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 632 ; W. <k A. Prodr. 
 102 ; Wall. Cat. 4838 ; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 32 ; Planch. <& Trian. Mem. 
 Guttif, 149; Thwaites Enum. 49. Stalagmites ovalifolius, G. Don. 
 
 ' Western Peninsula; in forests of the Circars, Roxburgh; Ceylon, ascending to 
 3000 ft.— Distrib. Java? 
 
 A middling-sized tree. Leaves 84-8^ by l§-3g in., shining ; nerves numerous, slender, 
 arched with many oblique transverse nervules; petiole ^-4 in. Floioers \-\ in. diam., 
 $ and 9 often mixed in one fascicle, but usually the fem.ales are fascicled and the 
 male-! often spiked, the spikes sometimes running out to 4 inches long, with fascicles of 
 flowers throughout their length. Male fl. : Sepals 4, coriaceous, orbicular, half as large 
 as the membranous orbicular concave petals. Stamens in 5 long-clawed spathulate 
 fascicles ; anthers few (6-10) didymous. Female fl. usually on much longer pedicels than 
 the male. Staminodes 5, small, with effete anthers. Ovary globose, 3-4-celled ; style 
 very short ; stigma 5-lobed to the middle. Fruit broadly oblung ; size of a walnut, smooth, 
 deep green, 1-3-seeded. — A very similar species inhabits Java, but has always acute 
 leaves. 
 
 Var. 1. ovalifoUa proper ; haves ohtnse, $ flowers fascicled 5-^ in. diam. — Ceylon 
 and Western Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 2. spicata; leaves obtuse, $ in long or short spikes, flowers as invar. 1. Xan- 
 thochymus spicatus, W. & A. Prod. 102; Wall. Cat. 346 A. — Western Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 3. macrantha; leaves obtuse, ^ flowers large §-1 in. diam. fascicled, anthers 
 8-12 in each bundle. — Xanthochymus ovalifolius? Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi. — 
 Western Ghats. 
 
 Var. 4. acutifolia ; leaves acute, flowers as in var. 1. 
 
 I can detect no further differences than the above between vars. 2, 3, and 4 G.. ovali- 
 folia. Beddome states that var. 3 has a different habit. — /. D. B.. 
 
270 XXI Ti. GUTTIFER^. (T. Anderson.) [Garcinia. 
 
 30. G. Andersonl, Hook.f.; leaves very large 1-2 ft. oblong thickly 
 coriaceous subacute rounded or cordate at the base, nerves numerous strong, 
 flowers large, fascicled, pedicels very stout long, sepals pubescent. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ;. Malacca, G^ri^V^, littoral ("Koondon Belookar"), Maingay 
 (Kewr distrib. 157, G. "macrophylla, T. And. ms.) 
 
 Brauchlets as thick as the middle finger, acutely 4-angled, almo^ winged when dry 
 green. Leaves by far the largest of the genus, often 2 ft. by 9 In., very variable in 
 . breadth, nerves very numerons and prominent, meeting in a strong intramarginal one, 
 interspaces reticulate; petiole 1-2 in., very stout. Male fl. unknown. Fem. fl. | in, 
 diam., in axillary many-flowered fagciclea ; pedicels very stout^ 2 in., seated on a sub- 
 globose axillary. cushion. Sepals 5, intricate, leathery, orbicular, concave, two outer 
 smaller, all minutely pubescent at the back. Petals thren times as large as the sepals, 
 orbicular, concave, contorted in bud. Disk very large, of 5 thick fleshy pitted ciliate 
 glands, between each of which is a minute staminode with about 5 imperfect anthers. 
 Ovary globose, narrowed into a distinct style, 4-5-celled ; stigma cleft to the base into 
 4-5 linear-oblons: obtuse rays. " Fruit very large, pomiform, crowned by the stigma, 
 normally 5-celled," Maingay. — This species was incompletely characterized by Dr. 
 Anderson from Griffith's specimens under the rass. name of Garcinia ^ marrophylla , I 
 have now redescribed it from Maingay 's more complete specimens, and in so doing given 
 the name of my late friend the monographer of the Indian (Juttiferje to what is certainly 
 by far the noblest species of the genus. Griffith in his notes attached to the specimen, 
 describes the perianth as 4-merous, but 1 find it is always o-merous. — /. 1). H. 
 
 Doubtful Species. 
 G. succipolia, Kurz in Joum. Deng. As. Soc. xii. pt. 2, of which the female flower 
 and fruit are not known. It is a native of Martaban. 
 
 2. OCKROCARPUS, Thouars. 
 {Calysaccion, Wight.) 
 
 Trees with coriaceous leaves and axillary polygamous flowers. Cah/x 
 closed before flowering, at length ojiening into 2, rarely 3, valves or sepals. 
 Pet<ils 4-7 or more. ^Stamens indefinite, filaments tiliform, free or shortly 
 connate below ; anthers erect, oblong or linear, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 
 2-celled ; style sliort, stout, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell Berry 
 1-4-seeded. »S'e<v/.s large ; embryo of a large fleshy tigellus witli the cotyledons 
 reduced to a small mamilla or 0.— Distrib. A small genus of VV. Africa, 
 Madagascar, and India. 
 
 1. O. long'ifolius, Bmth. dc. Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 980 ; leaves linear- 
 oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse, pedicels fascicled, petals acute. Beddorae 
 Flor. cSylv'it. t. 89. Calysaccion longifolium, Wight III. i. 130, Ic. t. 1999. 
 Mammea longifolia. Planch, dh Trkm. Mem. Guttif. 216. Calophyllum 
 longifolium, Wall. Cat. 4«ol. C chinense Walp. ? ex iSeemann i7i Bonplandia. 
 
 Forests of the Western Pem.nsula from Canara to the Concan. 
 
 A middling-sized tree ; young brunches terete, youngest 4-gonous. Leaves 6-8 by 
 2-24 iu., thickly coriaceous, dark green, base rounded, midrib stout prominent, veins few, 
 indistinct, very slender, united by innumerable venules which give the dried leaf a 
 \ery beautifully lacunose appearance ; petiole short, stout, ^ in. Flowers | in. diam., 
 on nodes clothed with subulate bracteoles in the axils of fallen leaves ; buds globose ; 
 pe<iicel8 1 in., slender. Calyx bursting into 2 valves, reflexed during flowering. Petals 
 4, thin, deciduous, white. Stamens many. .^<//^e subulate ; stigma broad, discoid. Iruit 
 1 in.l'Ug, obliquely ovoid, tipped by the hard pointed style, siipilate, i-seedeJ. [Flowers 
 often hermaphrodite in cultivation, and used for dyeing silk. — Btddome.] 
 
 2. O. siamensis, T. Anders. ; leaves linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate 
 or oblauceulate obtuse, pedicels 1--2 rarely fascicled, petals rounded at the tip." 
 
Ochrocarptis.] xxiii. guttifer^. (T. Anderspn.) 271 
 
 Mainmea siamensis, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 261. Calysaccion 
 siamense, Miguel in A an. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat, i. 209. 
 
 Dry hills in Pegu and Arracan, McClelland, Kurz. — Distrib. Siam. 
 
 Very similar indeed to 0. longifolius, but the flowers are fewer in a fascick, the petals 
 obtuse, and the fruit narrower and more pointed. — Flowers sweet. Fruit 1^ in. long, 
 ovoid, mucronate, glabrous. 
 
 3. CAZiOPHVIiZiUIMC, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves opposite, shining, coriaceous, with innumerable parallel 
 slender veins at riglit angles to the midrib. Flowers polygamous, in numerous 
 axillary or terminal panicles. Sepals and j^etals 4-12, imbricate in 2-3 series. 
 Stamens very many, filaments, filiform often liexuous, free or connate below ; 
 anthers erect, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 1-celled ; style slender, 
 stigma peltate ; ovule solitary, erect. Drupe with a crustaceous putamen. 
 S^ed erect, ovoid or globose, te.sta thin, or thick and spongy. — Distrib. 
 About 25 species, chiefly tropical Asiatic with a few American. 
 
 A. Sepals 4. Petals (or Sepals 2, Petals 2). See also (7. Wightianum.-~- 
 Apoteeium, Blume Bijd. 218. 
 
 * Flowers in short racemes, racemes sometimes panicled and terminal, usually 
 ax'h'ary. 
 
 J C. spectab.i.le* Willd.; DC. Prodr. i. 562; leaves large (6-14 in.) 
 ob]o:-g nv uvaie-ouiv>ng acuminate, margins usually undulate, racemes sub- 
 umoeliate few-tiowered glabrous axillary or in subterminal leafy panicles. 
 Chois. Guttif. Ind. 43, in part ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 238 ; Wight 
 III. i. 128. C. tetrapetalum, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 608. C. Moonii, Wight III. i. 129, 
 Ic. t. iii. ; Wall. Cat. 4841 D, 4842, 4843, 4849 C ; Thw. Enum. 52 ; Beddo^ 
 Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. cymosum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Sujypl. i. 497. 
 
 F(jre8ts of the Eastern Peninsula, Penang, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Fiji, and 
 Society Islands. 
 
 A tall tree: young shoots 4-gonal, often clothed with rusty tomentum. Leaves 6-14 
 ty 2-5 in., base acute; veins many, close-set, equally prominent on both sm-faces; 
 petiole ^-1 in., stout. Flowers few, ^ in. diam., in short ract-mes. Sepah 4, orbicular, 
 Petals 0. Fruits 8phericy,l or ovoid ; pedicel 1 in., stt)ut, glabrous. — Roxburgh describe s 
 the leaves of O. tetrapetalum as being finely seiTulate. 
 
 2. C. canuxn, Hook.f. ; leaves (6-7 in.) linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate 
 shining, racemes in very stout terminal many-liowered hoary-pubescent 
 panicles, pedicels short stout. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches robust, woody, subcylindric. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, obtusely acuminate, 
 red-brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, especially above, base acute, margin not 
 thickened, a little waved ; nerves extremely close, uniform on both surfaces ; petiole 
 ^-| in. Panicles terminal, of many short opposite stout racemes 1-2 in. long, rachis 
 and branches stout. Flowers rather crowded, | in. diam. Sepals 4, outer coriaceous 
 broadly ovate obtuse concave, hoarv-pubescent externally, inner twice as large orbicular 
 concave, almost membranous. Petals 0. btamens excessively numerous, and style 
 equalling the inner sepals ; anthers linear. — Very like C. Walh'chii, but the leaves are 
 apparently never tomentose beneath, and there are no petals. — L D. H. 
 
 3. C-pulclierrlmuin, Wall. Cat. 4848-; leaves 1-2 in. ovate-lanceolate, 
 petiole i in., racemes axillary few-flowered glabrous, pedicels very slender. 
 Chois. Guttif. Ind. 41 ; Planch. <Sc Trian. Mem. Gukif. 246. C. gracile and 
 
272 XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [Calophyllum. 
 
 C. bancanura, Miguel Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 498 and 499, and C. plicipes, ib. 
 {according to Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxix. pt. 2, 64). C. mesuae- 
 folium, Wall. Cat. 4850. 
 
 Eastekn Peninsula, Sincapore and Malacca. — Distrib. Sumatra, Bancft. 
 
 Branches slender, terete, shoots 4 gonal. Leaves 1-24 ^y 4-U '"., rigid, thin, ob- 
 tusely acuminate, base tapering acute ; veins slender on both surfaces ; petiole ^4 ^^-i 
 slender. Racemes from the axils of the oldest leaves, slender, glabrous, few-flowered ; 
 pedicels ^ in., very slender. Sepals all equal, broadly ovate. Petals 0. — Of Wallich's 
 C. mesucefolium only a branch with a few leaves are known. 
 
 Var. oblong if olium ; leaves 1^-24 in. oblong, tip rounded. Malacca, Maingay (Kew 
 distrib. 173.) 
 
 4. C. Burmannl, WifjM III. i. 129, Ic. t. 107, 188 ; leaves small (1-2 in.) 
 elliptic-ovate ; tip rounded, racemes small axillary few-fiowered glabrous. 
 Planch d' 'fi-ian. Mem. Guttif. 233 {not of Seeinaun FL Viti.) ; llcwaites 
 Emirn. 52 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii 
 
 Hotter parts of Ceylon, at no great elevation. 
 
 Young shoots 4-gonal, clothed with ferruginous toraentum. Leaves 14-24 by I-I4 in., 
 thinly coriaceous, tip scarcely emarginate, finely and equally veined on both surfaces; 
 petiole ^-4 in. liacemes slender. Flowers scarcely \ in. diam., pedicels long slender. 
 Sepals 4, orbicular-oval e. Petals 0. Frnit nearly \ in. diam., siib-globose [reddish- 
 brown, Bedflome]. — Wight's var. /3 parvifolium passes so gradually into the typical 
 form as hardly to deserve recognition as a distinct form. 
 
 5. C. floribundum, Hook. f. ; leaves 1-2 in. elliptic-lanceolate ob- 
 tusely acuminate margin tliickened, petiole \-\ in., racemes glabrous in 
 most of the axils, pedicels ^-\ in. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Maingay. (Kew distrib. 170, 172, &? 171.) 
 Much-branched, everywhere glabrous ; branchlets 4-angled, strict. Leaven conaceous, 
 pale when dry, hardly shining, nerves close-set uniform on both surfaces. Rdcemes 
 erecto-patent, about half as long as the leaves, 6-8-flowered, pedicels spreading. Flowers 
 ■J- in. diam., opposite. S<pals 4, outer broadly ovate, sulwicute, inner broadly obovate, 
 tips rounded, membranous, veined. Petals 0. Stamens very numerous and style hardly 
 exceeding the sepals. Fruit unknown. — J. D. H. 
 
 6. C. retusum, Wall. Cat. 4846 ; leaves 1-2 in. ovate or ovate-oblong, 
 tip rounded, petiole short downy, racemes axillary slender pubescent to- 
 wards the base. C/iois. Guttif .Ind. 41 {excl. sytwnf/m) ; Planch, d' Triun. Mein. 
 Guttif. 237. C. amcenum, Wall. Cat. 4849. C. Burmanni var. bracteatum, 
 Wigfu III. i. 129. C. pisiferum. Planch, d Trian. I.e. 266. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, from Maitaban to Sincapore, Griffith, (Kew distrib. 876, 881.) 
 An erect much-branched, densely-leafy shrub; shoots clothed with ferruginous down. 
 Leaves 1-2 by |-1 in., coriaceous; veins most prominent on the upper surface; petiole 
 ^-^ in., downy. Racemes in the axils of the lower and fallen leaves, few-flowered, slender, 
 erect; peduncle ferruginous towards the base, /'^wt^rs small, ulabrous. >6'e/>aZa 4, ^in. 
 long, ovate-oblong. Petals 0. Anthers minute, ovoid. Fruit pisiform, ,deep yellow, 
 pericarp thin. 
 
 ** Flowers solitary or in pairs. 
 
 7. C. microphyllum, T. Anders. ; leaves obovate or cuneate-obovate 
 obtuse or retuse, tiowers tew glabrous. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, near the top of Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Lohb, Maingay (Kew 
 di.-itrib. n. 165). 
 
 A glabrous shrub; branches many, short, slender, leafy; shoots 4-gonal. Leaves 
 f-1^ by 4-^ in., tapering to the truncate base; veins prominent on both surfaces; 
 peiioltf i2~^ i"' Flowers in the upper axils, minute ; pedicels ^-^ in., slender, 
 
Calophyllum.] xxiii. guttifer^. (T. Anderson.) 273 
 
 recurved, 2 bracteolate at the base. Sepals 4, suborbicular, all nearly equal. Petals 0. 
 Fruit (immature) pisiform, tipped by the persistent style. 
 
 B. Sepals 4. Petals 4 (rarely 3, or in C. Wightianum, or 8 in C. cordato- 
 ohlongum, cuneifoliam and Wallceri). 
 
 * Racemes shorter than the leaves, eoccept C. polyanthum. 
 
 8. C. inophylluxn, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 562 ; quite glabrous, leaves 
 oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or emarginate shining, inner sepals 
 petaloid. Chois. Gtittif. Ind. 42 ; Planch. <& Trian. Mem. Guttif. 254 ; Roxh. 
 Fl. Ind, ii. 606 ; W.(h A. Prod. 103 ; Wight III. i. 128, Ic. t. 77 ; Wall. Cat. 
 4841 B, C, D, E, F ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. Bintagor, Roxh. 
 I.e. 607. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from Concan and Orissa southwards ; Ceylon ; Eastern 
 Peninsula, from Pegu southwards; Andaman Islands. — Distrib. E. African Islands, 
 Malay Archipelago, Australia, Polynesia. — Cultivated throughout India. 
 
 A middling-sized tree ; bark grey, smooth. Leaves 4-8 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, shin- 
 ing on both surfaces ; veins many, fine ; petiole 4-1 4 iii- Racemes in the upper axils, 
 loose, 4-6 in. long, shorter than the leaves, lax, few-flowered. Flowers | in. diam., 
 pure white, fragrant ; pedicels slender, 1-2 in. Sepals 4. Petals 4, like the inner 
 sepals. Stamens numerous, filaments in 4 bundles. Ovary gl(jbose, stipitate ; style 
 m'ich exceeding the stamens, stigma peltate lobed. Fruit 1 in. diam., globose, smooth, 
 yellow, pulpy. — Rumph and Blurae say that the petals are sometimes 6-8. Wood 
 coarse-grained but valuable. Seeds afford lamp oil. 
 
 9. C. Wallichianum, Planch. c& Trian. Mem. Guttif. 249 ; young parts 
 tomentose, leaves long-petioled narrow-oblong acute or obtuse, racemes 
 pubescent on the rachis or throughout, sepals subequal. C. tetrapetalum, 
 Wall. Cat. 4843, not of Roxburgh. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; from Penang to Sincapore, Wallich, &c. 
 
 Young branches sub-4-gonal, or cjlindric, and buds riisty tomentose. Leaves 6 by 
 1-1^ in., acute or subacute at the base, margins flat or waved ; midrib puberulous ; veins , 
 close-set, somewhat prominent on both surfaces; petiole 1-1^ in. Racemes axillaiy or 
 terminating short branches, few-flowered, half the length of the leaves, rusty pubescent; 
 p'duncle and pedicels glabrous. Flower | in. diam. Sepals ovate-oblong, glabrous or 
 pubescent. Petals 4, oblong. Filaments slender Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Fruit 
 globose, size of a cherry. — Griffith's Malacca, 880, may be this, but consists of a young 
 fiowerless branch only, the leaves are rusty-pabescent beneath, as are Maingay's 
 
 10. C. G-riffithii, T. Anders. ; quite glabrous, leaves oblong or elliptic- 
 oblong acute or obtuse, veins stout with a strong intrainarginal one, racemes 
 glabrous, sepals subequah 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 A glabrous tree ; young shoots 4-gonal, older cylindric. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., tip 
 often rounded, base acute, coarsely veined on both surfaces ; petiole ^ in. Raremes 
 axillary, few-flowered, glabrous, much shorter than the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam., 
 glabrous. Petals 4. 
 
 11. C. macrocarpum, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves linear-oblong 
 or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate narrowed into a slender petiole, 
 racemes not half the length of the leaves, pedicels 1-1:1 in., flowers 1 in. diam., 
 petals narrow much longer than the sepals. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Maingay (C. Griffithii, Kew distrib. 174). 
 
 Branches robust ; branchlets sharply 4-angled. Leaves 3-5 by l|-2 in., veiy coria- 
 ceous, shining above, hardly so beneath ; nerves very strong ; petiole 1-1 j in. Aacemes 
 axillary, 2-4 in. long, 6-10-flowered ; rather minutely puberulous. Sepals 4, 2 outer 
 broadly oblong, obtuse, very concave ; 2 inner twice as long, petaloid, oblong, obtuse. 
 
 VOL. I. T 
 
274 XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [Calophyllum. 
 
 Petals 4, mnch longer than the inner sepals, linear-spathnlate. Stamens very short, 
 Fruit (according to Maingay's drawing) 5 in. long, ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, 
 smooth. — /. D. H. 
 
 12. C. polyanthuxn, Wall. Cat. 4844 ; quite glabrous, leaves lanceolate 
 acuminate, mnrgins waved, racemes terminal glabrous, outer sepals very 
 small. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 43 ; Planch, (k Trian. Mem. Gattif. 250. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; Khasia Mts. ascending to 3000 ft. ; Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 A glabrous tree, 60 ft., twigs 4-gonal, compressed. Leaves 4-6 by l\-\\ in., coria- 
 ceous ; veins equally distinct on both , surfaces ; petiole \-\ in. Racemes many- 
 flowered, equalling the leaves ; tbe upper together forming a terminal panicle. Flowers 
 ^ in. diHm. Outer sepals suborbicular, inner twice as long, petaloid. Petals rather 
 longer than the inner sepals, obovate, concave, reflexed. Fruit the size of a small 
 plnm, subglobose, not pointed. 
 
 13. C. tomentosum, Wight III. {. 128, 7c. 1. 110 ; young parts tomentose, 
 leaves elliptic or linear-lanceolate acuminate, margin waved, racemes 
 pubescent, outer sepals smaller than the inner. Planch, d' Trian. Mem. 
 Gidtif. 241 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. elatum, Beddome I.e. xxii. 
 and tr. 2. 
 
 Moist forests in the Western Peninsula from the Concan southwards ; and in 
 Ceylon, ascending to 5000 ft. 
 
 A tall straight tree ; branches 4-angled ; buds, shoots, panicles and outer sepals 
 clothed with rusty tomentum. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., coriaceons, shining ; veins many, 
 close-set, slender, equally prominent on both surfaces ; petiole h-% in., often downy. 
 Jiacemes from the axils of the upper leaves, sometimes collected into a terminal panicle, 
 lax, many-flowered. T'/otrer.'? upwards of 4 in. diam. ; pedicels long, slender. /Sepals 
 orb'cular. Petals 4, ovate-oblong, larger than the sepals. Fruit | in. long, obliquely 
 ovoid, pointed. — Yields the Poon-spars of Western India, and the seeds an abundant oil 
 in Ceylon. 
 
 14. C. bracteatum, Thwaites Enum. 51 ; young parts tomentose, leaves 
 elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate acuminate, racemes glabrous few-flowered 
 bracteate, sepals obovate, petals oblong-lanceolate. Planch, d; Trian. Metn. 
 Guttif. 252 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. 
 
 Near streams in the SaflTragam district of Ceylon, Thwaites, 
 
 A large tree, closely resembling C. Tomentosum. Leaves dimorphic, the fully deve- 
 loped 3-8 in. long, tapering to the obtuse base, highly p. dished, golden brown when 
 dry; petiole \-^ in.; abnormal or undeveloped leaves 1-2 by ^-J^ in., stibsessile, linear- 
 lanceolate or linear, pubescent, resembling bracts. Racemes in the axils of and shorter 
 than the normal leaves, few-flowered. Flowers \ in. diam. ; pedicels with an oblong 
 bract ^ in. long at the base. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Fruit f in. long, oblong. — Flowers 
 not in a good state for examination. 
 
 15. C. "Wig-litlanum, Wall. Cat. 4847 ; young shoots often pruinose, 
 leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, racemes axillary glabrous, sepals subequal, 
 petals usually 0. Planch, db Trian. Mem. Guttif. 228 ; Beddome F'lor. Sylvat. 
 t. 90. C. spurium, Chois. in DC. Prod. i. 563 ; W. dh A. Prod. i. 103. C. deci- 
 piens, Wight III. i. 128, Ic. t. 106, 7iot of Thwaites ; Wall. Cat. 4841 A, G. 
 
 Mountains of the Western Coast of the Western Peninsula from the Concan to 
 Travancor. 
 
 Young shoots 4-gonal. Leaves 2-4 by lJ-2 in., rigidly coriaceous, rounded and 
 usually retuse at the tip ; veins most prominent on the under surface ; petiole ^ in. 
 Racemes from the axils of all the leaves and scars of a few fallen ones, several-flowered,^ 
 shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedicels slender. Flowers J in. diam. Sepals 
 4, very thin, strongly veined. Petals (or 4 small ones visible in the bud, Wight) . 
 
Calophyllum^ xxiii. GUTTIFER2E. (T. Anderson.) 275 
 
 Fruit f in. long, ellipsoid. — I have never found petals in any of the buds 1 have 
 opened. 
 
 ** Racemes longer than the leaves, or equalling them. {See also C. poly- 
 anthum.) 
 
 16. C trsLpeTifolivLJXi, Thwaites Enum. bl] glabrous, leaves small ovate 
 or rhomboid, racemes few-flowered glabrous 2-3 times longer than the 
 leaves. Planch. (^ Trian. Mem. Guiiif. 254 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. 
 
 Central province of Cevlon, from 4-5000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A tall tree. Leaves 1^-2 by 1 in., coriaceous, tip rounded retuse or shortly acumi- 
 nate ; veins fine, equally prominent on both surfaces ; petiole ^ in. Racemes in the 
 upper axils; pedicels I in. Flowers ^ in. diam. Outer sepals smaller than the inner. 
 Petals 4, 2 outer larger than the inner. Fruit | in. diam., subspherical. 
 
 17. C. Thwaitesii, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 232 ; glabrous, leaves 
 obovate or orbicular base rounded or cordate, racemes axillary glabrous 
 several times longer than the leaves. Thwaites Enum. 407 ; Beddome Flor. 
 Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. decipieiis, Thwaites Enum. 51, not of Wight. 
 
 Mountains of Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 Twiijs stout, 4-angled. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., very thick and leathery; veins 
 coarse, very prominent above, less so beneath ; petiole -^ in. Racemes rather 
 slender, few -flowered. Sepals 4, obovate. Petals 3-4, oblong, longer than the sepals. 
 Anthers half the size of those of O. Wightianum.. Fruit subspherical. 
 
 18. C. cordato-oblong'uin, Thwaites Enum. 407 ; young parts pilose, 
 leaves oblong-cordate obtuse, panicles terminal as long as the leaves 
 pubescent, outer sepals twice as long as the inner. Beddome Flor. Sylvai. 
 Gen. xxii. 
 
 At Hinidoon Pattoo in Ceylon, Thwaites. 
 
 A lofty tree ; twigs stout, 4-angled ; young shoots petiole and pedicels covered with 
 deciduous rusty hairs. Jjcaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., very thickly coriaceous, obtuse, equally 
 veined on both surfaces ; petiole ^-\ in. Peduncles and pedicels pubescent. Fhwtrs 
 1 in. diam. Sepals rounded, outer \ in. long, inner petaloid, twice as long. Petals 4-8, 
 ^ in., orbicular. 
 
 19. C. cuneifolium, Thwaites Enum. 51 ; glabrous except the buds, 
 leaves small obovate or cuneate-spathulate obtuse or retuse, racemes axillary 
 equalling or exceeding the leaves glabrous, outer sepals smaller than the 
 inner. Planch, d; Trian. Mem. Guttif. 261 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. 
 
 At Madamahanewera in Ceylon, alt. 3-4000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree ; leaf-buds and rachis of racemes covered with short brown down. Leaves 
 1-1 1 by 4-1 in., thick and leathery; veins stout and prominent on both surfaces; 
 petiole |-5 in. Racemes 10 or more-flowered. Flowers about \ in. diam. Sepals 4. 
 Petals 4-8, inner the smallest. Fruit spherical, | in. diam. 
 
 20. C. Walkeri, Wight III. i. 128, t. 45 ; quite glabrous, leaves obovate 
 tip rounded or retuse, racemes in the axils of the upper leaves often 
 collected into a terminal panicle glabrous, outer sepals shorter than the 
 inner. Planch, (k Trian. Mem. Guttif. 263; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. 
 xxii. C. decipiens, Wight III. i. 128. 
 
 A large tree; twigs stout, terete, erect. Leaves I-I4 in long, almost as broad, ri- 
 gidly coriaceous, crowded, veins strong ; petiole ^ in., very stout. Floicers large, pale 
 rose-coloured or white; pedicels 1 in., very stout ; buds globose. Outer sepals very 
 small. Petals usually 8, larger than the sepals; inner smaller. Styh equalling 
 
 T2 
 
276 XXIII. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [CalophyUum. 
 
 the atamens, stigma fleshy peltate. Fruit size of a cherry, globose. — This tree is 
 said to flower once in 3-4 years ; its seeds yield an oil used for burning. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 C? MARGINATUM, Wall. Cat. 4845. — Does not exist in any herbarium accessible 
 to me. 
 
 C. SuRiGA, Buck. Ham; ex. Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 608. CalophyUum Soulattri, Bunn. 
 Fi. Ind. 121, with liuear-oblong polished leaves and flowers whorled below them, is 
 quite unknown to me. 
 
 C. ANGUSTiFOLiuM, Boxb. Fl. /tk?. li. 608 ; "twigs cylindric, leaves short -petioled 
 lanceolate with lengthened subotuse points lucid finely veined, flowers in axilbiry 
 fascicles, pedicels with a cyathiform tip." — Prince of Wales Island, where called 
 Peon, and yields spars, Boxh. 
 
 4. KAVEA, Wall. 
 
 Trees. Leaves opposite; veins rather distant, arched. Flowrs herma- 
 phrodite, either large and solitary, or small and collected iu terminal 
 panicles. Sepals and Petals 4 each, imbricate. Staitipjis numerous, filaments 
 slender, free or connate at the base ; anthers small, subglobose, 2-celled, 
 dehiscence vertical. Ovary I-celled ; style slender, stigma acutely 4-fid ; 
 ovules 4, erect Fruit subdrupaceoas, fleshy, indehiscent, 1-4-seeded. Seeds 
 thick, testa thin and crustaceous. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, 4 species. 
 
 1. K.. floHbunda, Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 5, t. 210 ; Cat. 4840 ; leaves 
 oblong or linear-oblong acuminate cuspidate, panicle lax many-flowered, 
 pedicels 2-bracteolate. 
 
 Dense tropical forests of the Eastern Himalaya, in Sikkim, and the Khasia Mts., 
 ascending to 3000 ft. ^ • 
 
 A tall straight glabrous tree; branches cylindric. Leaves 5-8 by 1-1^ in., thickly 
 coriaceous, base acute ; vtins ^-1 in. apart, slender, arclie^l, prominent on the under 
 surface, faint on the upper; petiole 1 in., slender, cylindric. Panicle 6 in. long, ter- 
 minal ; branches and pedicels with 2 opposite bracts or bracteoles at their bases. 
 Flowers 1 in. diam. Outer sepals \ in. long, suborbicular, truncate. Petals a little 
 longer than the sepals, thin but fleshy, white, edges rosy. Stamens rainy, filaments 
 capillary, excei'ding the sepals. Fi-u't the size of a chestnut, covered by the thick 
 accrescent ydlow rugose calyx, tipped by the slender style, 1-seeded. 
 
 2. K. racemosa, Planch, dc Trian. Mem. Guttif. 269 ; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate acuminate cuspidate, racemes short few-flowered, pedicels ebrac- 
 teolate. Mesua singaporiana. Wall. Cat. 48:30. 
 
 Eastern Peninsul\; at Sinrapore, WaJh'ch; Malacca, Main grry (Kew dhtrih. 177). 
 
 A glabrous tree ; branches tylindric ; bark ashy. Leaves 4-5 by 14 in., thin, ritrid ; 
 petiole 4 if^'j terete. Bacemes short, axillary and terminal; pedicels stout. Outer 
 sepals thick, rugose. Immature fruit as lar^^e as a filbert, tij)pQd with the short subu- 
 late style. — Only one specimen seen, in the Linnnean Society's Herbarium, and assumed 
 to be the plant published by Planchon and Triana from a specimen without habitat in 
 De Candolle's Herbarium. — [Maingay's specimens have slender whored branchlets, each 
 with leaves at the end. Leaves 6-9 by 14-2^ in., elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, not polished, 
 nerves beneath many, strong, arched, about 4 in. apart; petioles 4-| in. Racemes few, 
 short (1 in.), crowded on the tips of the branehlets between the two leaves ; peduncles 
 and pedicels very short, bracts small ovate deciduous. Flowers ^ in. diam. Sepals 
 very thickly coriaceous. Petals about twice as long. Stamens in 1 series, very nume- 
 rous, monadelphous at the base. — J. D. H.] 
 
 3. XL. stylosa, Thwaites Enum. 50 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate 
 cuspidate, racemes erect few flowered equalling the leaves, pedicels minutely 
 
Kayea^ xxiii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) 277 
 
 bracteolate. Beddome Flor. Sytvat. t. 102. K. cuspidata, Planch, dc Trian. 
 Mem. Guttif. 268. 
 
 Southern districts of CEyLON, Thwaites. 
 
 A large glabrous tree; bark dark-grey; brancWets terete, reddisli. Leaves 1-^ by 
 \-\ in., rigid; veins arched, very faint on both surfaces; petiole ^-\ in., slender. 
 Racemes from the upper axils, bracteoles subulate. Flowers small. Stamens many, 
 filaments capillary, persistent, exceeding the sepals. Fruit the size of a small chestnut, 
 covered by the coriaceous accrescent calyx, tipped by the thickened short style. 
 
 4. XL. nervosa, T.Anders.; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate cuspidate, flowers solitary or 1-3 axillary or terminal. Mesua 
 nervosa, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 279. 
 
 Tenasserim provinces, at Mergui and Martaban, Griffith, Parish. Malacca, 
 Maivgay. 
 
 Young branches minutely tubercled, sub-4-angular ? Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., thin, 
 membranous, base rounded, shining above, coppery beneath ; veins distinct, ^ in. apart, 
 arclied, depressed on the* upper surface ; petiole | in. Flowers If in. diam., pedicels 
 1-24 iri-> tubercled. Outer sepals \ in-., thick and coriaceous, suborbicular, inner nearly 
 twice as large. Petals cuneate-obovate. Filaments capillary, nearly equalling the 
 pistil. Style slender, thickened after flowering, stigma deeply 4-cleft. 
 
 5. BIBSUA, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves opposite, rigidly coriaceous, often pellucid-dotted ; veins 
 innumerable, very slender, at right angles to the midrib. Flowers polyga- 
 mous or hermaphrodite, large, axillary, solitary. Sepals and Petals 4 each, 
 imbricate. Stamens very numerous, filaments filiform free or connate at the 
 base ; anthers erect, oblong, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 2-celled ; 
 style long, stigma peltate ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit between fleshy 
 and woody, 1 -celled by the absorption of the septum, at length 4-valved, 
 1-4-seeded. Seeds without an aril, testa fragile. — Disthlb. Tropical Asia ; 
 3 species. 
 
 1, BK. ferrea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 562; leaves drooping linear-lanceolate 
 acute or acuminate, peduncles short stout. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 40 ; Planch, d; 
 Trian. Mem. Guttif. 271 ; Moxb. Ft. Ind. ii. 605; W.& A. Prodr. 102; Wall. 
 Cat. 4834; Wight III. 127, Ic. t. 118; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxiii. 
 M. speciosa, Chois. in DC I.e. ; Guttif Ind. 40 ; Wight Ic. t. 961 ; Wall. 
 Cat. 4835 : Beddome I.e. xxiii. M. pedunculata Wight III. 127, Ic. t. 119. 
 M. coromandeliana, Wight III. 129, /c. t. 117; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 64. 
 M. Roxburghii, Wight III. 127 ; Beddome I.e. xxiii. M. salicina, M. Walkeriana 
 and M. pulchella. Planch. (^ Trian. I.e. 373, 374, and 379. M. sclerophylla, 
 Thwaites Enum. 407; Beddmne I.e. xxiii. M. Nagana, Gard. in Gale. Journ. 
 Nat. Hist. viii. 4. 
 
 Mountains of Eastern Bengal, the Eastern Himalaya, and the Eastern and 
 Western Peninsulas, and Andaman Islani>s ; cultivated elsewhere in India. 
 
 A middling-sized glabrous tree ; trunk erect, straight ; twigs slender, sub-4-angled. 
 Leaves 3-6 by 1^ to 1| in., base acute or rounded, dark-green and shining above, covered 
 more or less with fine waxy meal beneath; veins very fine, close-set, and equally incon- 
 spicuous on both surfaces ; petiole \-\ in. Flowers |-3 in. diam., usually terminal 
 and solitary or in pairs. Sepals orbicular, thick, with membranous margins, inner pair 
 largest. Petals 4, spreading, cuneate-obovate, pure white. AMthers large, oblong, 
 golden-yellow. Fruit ovoid, conical-pointed, size variable, often of a large chestnut; 
 base surrounded by the persistent sepals, 1-4-seeded. Seeds dark-brown, testa smooth. 
 — A very variable plant, the absence of the pruinose under-surface of the leaves is by 
 
278 xxrii. GUTTiFERiE. (T. Anderson.) [^fesua. 
 
 no means confined to the small-flowered states from S. India, to which the name of coro- 
 mandeliana has been applied ; the latter is a small and distinct-looking form. 
 
 2. M. Thwaitesii, Planch, dh Trian. Mem. Giittif. 277 ; leaves linear- 
 oblong acute or acuminate, flowers subsessile. M. speciosa var. a, Tkwaites 
 Enum. 50, iiot of Clioisy. 
 
 Banks of streams in the Ratnapoora district, Ceylon, Tkwaites. 
 
 A tree resembling M.ferrea, but distinguished by the form of the leaves and large 
 sessile or subsessile flowers. Leaves 8-12 by 1 1-2 in., base acute, glaucous and tiiintly 
 nerved beneath. Flowers nearly 4 in. diam., axillary, solitary or in pairs. 
 
 3. M. ? lepidota, T. Anders, ; leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate, racemes terminal. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Malacca, Griffith (distrib. Kew, No. 845, named M. speciosa 
 by error). 
 
 Branches short, rather slender, terete. Z^eawe* coriaceous, 2^-34 by |-1^ in., shortly 
 cuspidate, tapering to the obtuse base ; veins very numerous,^ close sety fine, equally 
 faint on both surfaces. Flowers unknown. Fruit size of a chestnut, subglobose, pointed, 
 subtended by the thickened obtuse sepals, valves thick, surface rugulose as if scurfy. 
 Seed with a brown brittle testa. — Probably a new genus between Kayea and Mesua, 
 on account of the small woody non-accrescent sepals. 
 
 6. PCECZZ.ONX:URON, Beddome. 
 (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 
 
 Trees. Leaves opposite, smooth, coriaceous, with close-set spreadin.2 lateral 
 veins^ minutely reticulated. Flowers yellowish- white, in a terminal panicle, 
 or solitary at each node. Sepcds 4-5, small, imbricate. Petals 5-6, contorted. 
 Staimiis numerous, free or slightly connate at the base, filaments short or 0; 
 anthers basifixed, narrow-linear, erect. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, subulate, 
 stigmas punctiform ; ovules 2 in each cell, ascending from the base. Capmle 
 ovoid, 1-celled, septicidaU, with a single erect seed, albumen ; cotyledons 
 fleshy ; radicle minute, inferior. — Distrib. S. India ; species 2. 
 
 1. P. indicum, Bedd. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. viii. 267, t. 17 ; FIoi\ 
 Syhat. t. 3 ; flowers in a pyramidally spreading terminal panicle 4 in. long, 
 sepals and petals each 6, anthers lobulated. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; on the west slopes of the Ghats, from South Canara to Mala- 
 bar, alt. 3-4000 feet., Beddome. 
 
 A large tree. Leaxies 4-10 by 14-24 in., elliptic, with a long acumination, petioled. 
 Peduncles, pediceh, and sepals slightly puberulous. Flowers | in. diam., yellowish 
 white. Fruit ellipsoid. 
 
 2. P. pauciflorum, Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 93 ; flowers about 4 together 
 and terminal or solitary at each node, sepals 4 the 2 innermost larger, 
 petals 6, anthers simple. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Travancor, alt. 4-5000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A tree with red wood. Leaves about 5 by I4 in., narrowly elliptic. Petals oblong, 
 obtuse. Fruit 1 in. long, 4 i°- diam., at first obpyriform, finally ovoid and rather 
 smaller than in P. indicum. 
 
XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 279 
 
 Order XXIV. TERNSTRCEMIACE^. 
 
 (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) 
 
 Shrubs rarely climbing, or trees. Leaves alternate, simple (in Indian 
 species) entire or often serrate, usually coriaceous, exstipulate. Flowers 
 handsome, seldom small, usually subtended by 2 sepal-like bracts, rarely 
 diclinous, axillary, 1 or more together, rarely in lateral or terminal racemes 
 or panicles. /Sepals 5, rarely 4-7, free or slightly connate, the innermost 
 often larger. Fetals 5, rarely 4-9, free or connate below, imbricate or con- 
 torted. Stamens numerous (definite in Sladenia and Stachyurus) free or 
 connate, usually adnate to the base of the deciduous corolla ; anthers basi- 
 fixed or versatile, dehiscing by slits or rarely by terminal pores. Ovary free 
 (^-inferior in An7ieslea), sessile, 3-5-celled, (many-celled in Actinidia) ; styles 
 as many, free or connate, stigmas usually small; ovules 2-co in each cell, 
 rarely solitary, never orthotropous. Fruit baccate or capsular. Seeds few 
 or numerous, placentas axile, albumen scanty or 0, rarely copious ; embryo 
 straight or hippocrepiform, cotyledons various. — Distrib. Rare in tempe- 
 rate, abundant in tropical Asia and America, almost wanting in Africa and 
 entirely in Australasia ; species about 260. 
 
 Tribe I. Ternstroexuieae. Peduncles 1 -flowered (many-flowered in 
 Sladenia). Petals imbricate. Stamens adherent to the base of the corolla ; 
 anthers basifixed. Fruit (in Indian Genera) indehiscent. fSeeds usually 
 few, albumen fleshy usually scanty. Embryo curved; cotyledons shorter 
 than the radicle and about as broad. 
 
 * Fruit inferior. 
 
 1. Anneslea. 
 ** Fruit superior. 
 Flowers hermaphrodite (except Temstrcemia penangiana). 
 
 Anthers glabrous 2. Teenst^(emia. 
 
 Anthers usually pilose. 
 
 Stamens about 12, ovary 3-celled 3. Sladenia. 
 
 Stamens many, seeds numerous, ovary 3-5-celled 4. Adinandra. 
 
 Stamens many, seeds moderate, ovary 2-3 celled 5. Cvkyera. 
 
 Flowers dioecious 6. Eukya. 
 
 Tribe II. Sauraujeae. Peduncles many-flowered. Petals imbricate. 
 Anthers versatile. Fruit usually pulpy, rarely sub-dehiscent. Seeds nu- 
 merous minute, albumen abundant. Radicle straight or slightly curved 
 and longer than the cotyledons. 
 
 * Flowers 6-merous^ stamens many. 
 
 Styles many 7. Actinidia. 
 
 Styles 3-5 8. Saurauja. 
 
 ** Flowers ^-m^rous^ stamens few. 
 
 9. Stachyurus. 
 
 Tribe III. GordonleaB. Peduncles 1-flowered, often very short. Petah 
 imbricate. Anthers versatile. Fruit indehiscent or loculicidal. Albumen 
 scanty or 0. Cotyledons various ; radicle short, straight or curved. 
 
 * Fruit indehiscent. 
 
 11. Pyrenaria. 
 ** Fruit dehiscent. 
 
 Seeds winged, radicle inferior 10. Schima. 
 
 Seeds winged, radicle superior , . 12. Gordonia. 
 
 Seeds wingless 13. Camellia. 
 
280 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACEJE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 
 
 Tribe IV. Bonnetieae. Flowers in terminal panicles, rarely lateral and 
 solitary or racemose. Feials contorted. Anthers versatile or basitixed. 
 FriiU indehiscent or septicidal; albumeii scanty or 0. Embryo straight, 
 cotyledons flat ; radicle short. 
 
 Ovary 5-celled 14. Archyt^a. 
 
 Poeciloneuron is referred to Guttiferce. (p. 278.) 
 
 1. annesz.z:a, Wall. 
 
 Evergreen trees with the habit of Ternstroemia. Flowers axillary and 
 forming sub-terminal umbellate corymbs, rather large, white. Sejjals 5, 
 connate into a tube which is finally fleshy and adherent to the ovary. Petctls 
 5, connate. Stamens many, scarcely adherent to the corolla ; anthers with 
 a long apiculus. Ovary ^-immersed in the torus, 3-celled ; style 3-fid ; 
 ovules many, pendulous from the top of the cells. Fruit baccate, leathery, 
 inferior, crowned by the sepals. Seeds oblong with a horse-shoe-shaped 
 cavity, testa osseous, albumen fleshy. — Distrlb. Malay Peninsula ; species 2. 
 
 1. A. frag-rans, Wall. Cat 598 ; Plant. As. Ear. i. 5, t. 6 ; peduncles 
 about twelve in each corymb 2^3 in. slender with 2 ovate obtuse bracts. 
 Griff. Notul. iv. 567, t. 585 A, f. 17. 
 
 Eastern Pe.mnsula ; Moulmein and Martaban, Wallich, &c. 
 
 A tree 30 ft. Leaves 3J-5 by li-24 in., elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse; petiolas 
 2-1 in. Sepals ^ in , cordiform, acute. Fruit 1 in. diam. Seeds witli a thin scarlet 
 fleshy envelope. 
 
 2. A. crassipes, Hook. ex. Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 41 ; peduncles 3-6 in 
 each corymb about 1 in. rather thick with 2 small ovate acute fleshy 
 bracts. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Mt, Ophir, Malacca, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Philippine Islds. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 2-4^ by l|-2 in., lanceolate elliptic or oblanceolate, crenulate, acute 
 or obtuse; petioles ^-1 in. Flowers as in -4. /ra^ra«« but drooping. iSepals ^ in., 
 orlitular, acute. Fruit \ in. diam. 
 
 2. TSXtNSTRCEMZA, Linn. 
 
 Glabrous evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves leathery, entire or crenate- 
 serrate. Pedxmcles lateral, recurved, 2-bracteate below the flower. Sepals 5. 
 Petals 5, connate at the base. Stamens many : anthers glabrous. Ovary 
 2-3-celled ; style simple, often 0, stigma broadly 2-3-k)bed or subentire ; 
 ovules 2 in each cell, rarely 1 or 3-6, pendulous from the apex. Seeds as in 
 Amieslea but the albumen sometimes evanescent. — Distrib. Trop. Asia and 
 America ; species 25. 
 
 * Anthers apiculate. 
 
 1. T. japonica, Thunh. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 335 ; a tree about 20 ft., 
 leaves oblong-obovate petioled, style subentire, stigma 2-l(»bed, fruit glo- 
 bose. Cley era japonica, Thimb. FL Jaj). 224 {not of Sieb. <Sc Zucc.). 
 
 Eastern Bengal and Peninsula, from the Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. to Moul- 
 mein. Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri Mts. ; Ceylon.— Distrib. Sumatra, China, 
 Japan, Loochoo Islds. 
 
 Branclilets with rather soft bark, whorled or repeatedly forked. Leaves 2-3 by 
 1-1 1 in., rather crowded at the ends of the branches; petioles ^i in. Peduncles 
 h~i in., 2-edged. Flowers f in. diam., in the axils of the fallen leaves; corolla 
 epreadiug, pale yellow. Ovary cells 2-ovuled. Fruit i-f in. diam., baccate, almost 
 
Temstroemia.] xxiv. ternstroemiace^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 281 
 
 julceless, usually more than 2-seeded. — Griffith's jTerws^rcewiacea from Khasia [Itin. 42, 
 Notul. iv. 568 \ Ic. t. 604, f. 1), probably belongs to this, although described with uni- 
 sexual flowers. 
 
 Var. 1. Wightii, Choisy Mem. Ternst. 19 (sp.), leaves acute. — T. aneura, Miq. Fl. 
 Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 477. Cleyera gymnanthera, W. & A. Prodr. 87 ; Wight. Ic. t. 47 ; 
 Tkw. Enum. 41 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 91. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat, 1461 {in Herb. 
 Linn. Soc. only). 
 
 Var. 2.parvifolia, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 14; leaves 1^-2 in. 
 
 2. T. emarg-inata, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 14 ; a shrub 10-16 ft., leaves 
 sessile spathulate crenulate-serrate emarginate, style deeply 2-fid, stigmas 
 flatly capitate, fruit conical. Cleyera emarginata, Gardn. in Gale. Jourti. 
 JVat. Hist. vii. 447 ; Thw. Enum. 40. 
 
 Ceylon ; higher parts of the Island, Gardner. 
 
 Leaves 1-2 in. Peduncles | in., 2-edged, minutely hracteate. Floicers \ in. diam., 
 white, then yellowish-purple. Petals twice the length of the sepals. {Ovary-cells 1- 
 ovuled, Thw.) P'ruit oblong-ovoid, baccate, 2-seeded. — As Choisy points out, this so 
 closely resembles the Brazilian T. cuneifolia as to be barely distinguishable. 
 
 * Dioecious, anthers not apiculate. Erythrocliiton, GriJ". 
 
 3. T. penang-iana, Ghoisy Mem. Ternstr. 20 ; stigmas 2 reniform 
 foliaceous, fruit ovoid baccate with, a coriaceous epicarp. T. macrocarpa, 
 Scheff. obs. phyt. 15, Jide Kurz, in As. Soc. Journ. Beng. 1870, ii. 64. Ery- 
 throchiton Wallichianura, Griff. Notul. iv. 565, t. 585 A, f. 7. Fagraea? 
 dubia, Wall. Gat. 4456. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; from Moulmein and the Andaman Islands to Penang and 
 Malacca. — Distkib. Java. 
 
 A small tree with a thick trunk. Leaves 4-8 by 1^-34 in., oblanceolate to obovate, 
 acute, coriaceous; petioles about 1 in. Flowers nearly 1 in. diam., solitary axillary or 
 subfa.sciculate. Petals fleshy, twice the length of the sepals. Stamens m&ny in the male 
 floweis, crowded in many rows, reduced to filaments in the female flowers. Ovary- 
 cells 2-ovn\ed; style very short. Berry I4 in. diam. /Seeds 4, bony, imbedded in a 
 reddish or pinkish pulp. 
 
 Var. monosjperma ; berry 1 in. diam., 1-seeded. 
 
 T.? Khasfana, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 20, Griff, n. 422 in Herb. Boissier from the 
 Khasia Mts., proves from the examination of the type specimen to be identical with 
 Illicium Griffithii, H. f. & T., p. 40. (See Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 331.) 
 
 3. SZiADENZA, Kurz. MS. 
 
 A strub 1 Leaves crenately serrate, glabrous, feather-veined. Flowers 
 in dichutomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Sepals 5. Petals 5, free. 
 Stamens about 12, slightly adnate to the base of the petals, filaments dilated 
 at the base ; anthers basifixed, the lobes slightly divergent below, hispid. 
 Ovary 3-celled, tapering into the very short 3-denticulate style; ovules 2 
 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit unknown. 
 
 1. S. celastrifolia, Kurz, ms. 
 
 Ydnan, Mynesa, /. Anderson. 
 
 Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., oblong-obovate, acuminate, acute at the base; petioles \ in. 
 Pedicels \ in. Sepals ^ in., lanceolate, obtuse or hooded at the apex, papery. Petals 
 oblanceolate, obtuse, rather longer than the sepals. Anthers lanceolate with a 
 minutely bifid connective. 
 
 4. ADZNANDRA, Jack. 
 
 Small evergreen trees with the habit of Ternstromiia or Gordonia. 
 Peduncles axillary, solitary, recurved, 2-bracteate at the apex. Flowers often 
 
282 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACE^. (W. T. Thiselton Djer.) [Adinandra. 
 
 silky outside. Sepals 5. Petals 5, connate at the base. Stamtiis many, 
 often 1-4-adelphous, usually hairy. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style ultimately 
 elongate, entire or shortly 3-5-fid ; ovules many in each cell. Fruit globose. 
 Seedsm?iX\Y, small,albumen fleshy.— Distrib. Confined (except the W. African 
 A. Mannii) to the Malay Peninsula and Indian Archipelago ; species 10. ' 
 
 1. A. dumosa, Jack in Malay Misc. ii. no. 7, 50 ; leaves elliptic-oblong 
 serrulate above the middle glabrous ferruginous beneath, petioles \ in., 
 peduncles about 1 in., sepals orbicular-ovate glabrous ; Wall. Cat. 3664 bis 
 {ex Cliois. Mem. Ternstr. 90) & 7071 {in Herb. Kew.). A. Jackiana and trichoco- 
 ryna, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 106, 107. A. cyrtopoda, stylosa, and 
 glabra, Miq. Flor. Ned. Ind. Smypl. i. 478, 479. Ternstroeuiia? duuKjsa, Wall. 
 Cat. 2245 {ex Chois. I.e.). Camellia? Scottiana, Chois. I.e. {not of Wall. Herb.) 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Siucapore and Malacca, /acfc. &c. — Distrib, Sumatra, Java, 
 Borneo, China. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 2^-4^ by 1^-24 in., acute at both ends, coriaceous; petioles 
 4 in. Peduncles solitary or in pairs, extra-axillary. Bracts ^ the length ot the sepals. 
 JPetals twice the length of the sepals, ovate-oblong, acute, white. Stametis silkily-hairy. 
 Ovary glabrous; style subulate, persistent, 4 in. in fruit. Berry 4 i", diam., glabrous. 
 
 2. A. acuminata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 109 ; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate more or less acuminate glabrous, petioles } in., peduncles | in., 
 sepals oblong-ovate glabrous. Gordonia acuminata, Wall. Cat. 3664 in Herb. 
 Linn.Soc. Ternstroemia ? coriacea, Wall. Cat. I'^b'i. CamelUa axillaris. Wall. 
 Cat. p. 158 {not o/* Moxb. ex Bot. Peg. 349, see Joum. Linn. ISoc. xiii. 330). 
 Polyspora axillaris, Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 91 {not of Don). 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Penang and Sincapore, Wallich, &c. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 A small tree. Buds bilky. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in. Peduncles thickened and 
 warted after flowering. Bracts minute, deltoid, acute. JSepals 4-^ in. Stamens hairy. 
 Style pilose, filiform, thickened below; stigma very minutely 2lobed, subcapitate. 
 Berry | in. diam., glabrous. Seeds about 6 in each cell, discoid, rather large. 
 
 3. A. Grlffithii, Dyer; leaves oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate glabrous, petioles \ in., peduncles 1 in., sepals rotund-elliptical 
 glabrous, styles deeply 5-fid. Kew Distrib. 755, Cleyera granditiora. 
 
 Eastern Bkngal ; Khusia Mts., Griffith. 
 
 A tree? Buds glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., paler beneath. Bracts almost 
 obsolete. Sepals ^ in. Petals about equalling the sepals. Stamens sparingly setose, 
 1-seriate, adnate to the petals. Ovary glabrous; divisions of the style cylindric, hardly 
 exceeding the sepals. 
 
 4. A. Integrerrlma^ T. Anders, ms. ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate glan- 
 dular-serrulate paler beneath with black glands and a few hairs, petiole 
 i-| in. pubescent, peduncles | in. strigose, sepals ovate silky outside. A 
 dasyantha, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 90 {not of KoHh.). Ternstrcemia 1 in- 
 tegerrima, Wall. Cat. 1^52 in Herb. Linn. Soc. T. ? reticulata, Wall. Cat. 2246 
 {ex Choisy I.e. 90). Gordonia reticulata Wall. Cat. 3663 his in Herb. Kew <k 
 7070 {ex Chouy I.e.). Camellia japonica. Wall. Cat. 3667 in Herb. Kew. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Penang, Wallich. 
 
 Branches with pubescent extremities and silky buds. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., acute 
 at both ends or obtusely acuminate. Bracts small, ovate, acute. Sepdts ^ in., exceed- 
 ing the silky petals. Stamens adnate to the base of the petals; anthers silky. Ovary 
 densely silky. Berry | in. diam., with appressed pubescence. Seeds small, shining. 
 
 5. A. maculosa, T. Anders, ms.; leaves finely mottled beneath with 
 reddish-brown remotely deaticulate glabrous, petioles ^ in., peduncles ^ in. 
 
Adinandra.\ xxiv. ternstr(emiace^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 283 
 
 puberulous, sepals strigosely pubescent outside. Ternstroemial integerrima, 
 fVall. Cat. 1452 in Herb. Kew., not in Herb. Linn. Soc. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Penang, Wallich. 
 
 Branches glabrous ; buds yellow, silky. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2| in., elliptic or elliptic- 
 oblong, shortly acuminate, acute at the base. Bracts ^ the length of the sepals, orbi- 
 cular. Berry 4 in. diam., hoary with thin appressed pubescence. /Seeds minute. 
 
 6. A. villosa, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 24; leaves pubescent beneath, 
 petioles \ in., peduncles 1 in. pilose, sepals silky near the middle externally. 
 Ternstroemia ? sericea, Wall. Cat. 1454. Schima Wallichii, Ckoisy Mem. 
 Ternstr. 91 {not of Choisy in Zoll. Gat.). 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Tavoy, Wallich. 
 
 A small pubescent tree ; young shoots silky. Leaves 34-5 by l|-2 in., oblong ovate- 
 oblong or elliptic, acute or acuminate, base obtuse, glabrous above, yellowish below, sub- 
 coriaceous. Peduncles nodding. Bracts obsolete. Floioers f in. diam. Sepals ovate. 
 Petals densely siiky at the apex. Style elongate, subulate, strigose but glabrous at the 
 apex. Berry 4 in. diam., covered with white appressed silky hairs. — Habit of A. 
 integerrima. 
 
 7. A. crenulata, T. Anders, ms.; leaves narrow elliptic-oblong crenu- 
 late-serrate glabrous, petioles ^ in., peduncles l-l^ in. thinly strigose. Tern- 
 strcemia crenulata. Wall. Cat. 3723. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ? Herb. Madr. ( Wallich.) 
 
 Glabrous except the flowers and buds. Leaves 3-5 by 1|-14 in., acute at both ends, 
 prominently reticulated above. Peduncles thickened at the apex, slightly recurved. 
 Bracts nearly obsolete. Sepals and petals as in A. villoso, but less siiky. Stamens 
 adnate to the petals, filaments short, glabrous ; anthers silky, with an acuminate con- 
 nective. — The plant described under the name of Ternstrcemia crenulata by Wight, 
 (III. i. 99) is a species of A.porosa. 
 
 8. A. lasiopetala, Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 24 ; leaves narrow oblanceolate 
 glabrous above minutely strigillose beneath, margins revolute denticulate, 
 flowers silky-strigose externally. Sarosanthera lasiopetala, Thw. Hnum. 41. 
 Cleyera lasiopetala, Wight III. i. 99. Eurya lasiopetala, Gardn. in Gale. 
 Journ. Nat. Hid. vii. 466. 
 
 Ceylon ; at 6000 ft. and upwards. 
 
 A small tree ; branches terete, minutely strigose. Ijeaves 2^-4 by |-1 in., obtuse or 
 subacuminate, retuse. Peduncles | in., nodding, thickened towards the apex. Bracts 
 ^ the length of the sepals, deltoid. Flowers \-% in. diam. Petals 3 times the length 
 of the sepals, white. Stamens thinly hairy, unequal, filaments slender. Ovary 3-celled ; 
 style filiform, stigmas 3 cylindric obtuse. Berry 4 in. diam. 
 
 5. CX.SVERA, DC. 
 
 Trees or shrubs with the habit of Ternstrcemia. Peduncles shorter, often 
 fascicled, flowers smaller ; bracts minute or 0. Sepals 5. Petals 5, more or 
 less connate at the base. Stamens many ; anthers pilose. Ovary 2-3-celled ; 
 style often elongate with a shortly 2-3-fid apex, or shorter and more deeply 
 divided, stigmas slender ; ovules many. Seeds usually few, albumen fleshy.-— 
 DisTRiB. Tropical Asia ; Japan, Mexico and the Antilles. Species about 6. 
 
 1. C. ochnacea, DC. Mem. Ternstr. 21 ; leaves oblong-obovate or 
 oblong-oblanceolate acuminate, base acute, flowers usually in small fascicles 
 rarely solitary, apex of peduncles with 2 almost obsolete bracts. C. 
 
284 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Cleyera, 
 
 Wallichiana, Sieb, <fc Zucc. Fl. Jap. i. 154. C. ochnoides, G, Don Gen, 
 tSysL i. 566. 
 
 Central Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich. Khasia Mts., alt. 2000 ft. 
 
 Leaves 3-44 in. by J ^-2 in. ; petioles 4 in. Peduncles | in., usually nodding, thick- 
 ened towards the apex. Petals ^-^ in., 3 times the length of the sepals, yellow. Style 
 subulate, persistent. Fruit baccate. — Probably C.japonica, Sieb. and Zucc, which has 
 the pedicels and flowers only 4 as large is not distinct. 
 
 Var. 1. Lvshia, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 566 (sp.) ; fascicles about 5-flowered, peduncles 
 erect. Tenistrcemia Lushia, Ham. in Don Prodr. 225. 
 
 Var. 2. grandiflora, Chois. Mem. Terustr. 21 (sp.); fascicles 2-4-flowered, flowers 
 larger, leaves narrower more acuminate. C. grandiflora, Wall. Gat. 1461 in Herb. 
 Kew.f not in Herb. Linn. Soc. 
 
 2. C. g-randlflora, H.f. dc T. 7m. {not of Wall or CJiolsy) ; leaves oblong 
 obtusely acuminate base obtuse, flowers usually solitary, peduncles with 2 
 minute alternating bracts. 
 
 EASTEhN Bengal ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., /. D. H. & T. T. 
 
 I^eaves 4-54 V 14~2 in. : petioles f in. Peduncles about f in., usually erect. Flowers 
 I in. diara. Petals I in., about four times the length of the sepals. — Closely allied to C. 
 ochnacea, but larger in all its parts. 
 
 6. EVRTA, Thunb. 
 
 Shrubs. Leaves glabrous, tisually crenate-serrate. Flowers small, dioecious, 
 sessile or shortly pedicelled in axillary fascicles, or rarely solitary, with per- 
 sistent bracteoles. SejxiU 5. Petals 5, united at the base. /Stanieits 15 or 
 less, rarely 6 ; anthers glabrous. Ovary 3 (rarely 2-5-)-celled ; styles 3 
 (rarely 2-5) free or united : oviUes many in the inner angle of each cell. 
 Fruit baccate. Albumen fleshy. —Distrib. S. E. Asia, Indian Arch, and 
 Pacific Is. ; reputed species more than 30, reducible at most to 10. Thwaites 
 indeed, after careful study, unites 1, 3, 4, 6 into one variable species. 
 
 1. B. japonlca, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 191, t. 25 ; glabrous, branches striate, 
 flowers about 2 together 2-bracteolate, sepals glabrous. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 5-10,000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-6000 ft. ; Moun- 
 tains of the Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Cevlon ascending to 7000 ft. — 
 Djstrib. Eastwards to Japan and the Fiji Islands. 
 
 Var. 1. Thunberffii, Thw. Enum. 41 ; leaves 3-5 by 1-1 4 in. elliptic or oblan- 
 ceolate more ,or less serrate acuminate, petioles J in., styles free. E. tristyla, W. 
 t& A. Prodr. 86. E. VVightiana, Wight lU. i. t. 38 {not Wall). E. coneocarpa. 
 Forth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Pot. 114. E. elliptica, Gard. in Calc. Joum. Nat. Hist. 
 vii. 443. E. japonica, Beddome Flor. JS'yhat. t. 92.— JSikkira, 5-10,000 ft. J. D. U. ; 
 Concan, Stocks; Ceylon, Gardn., Nilghiris, Gardn. — Djstrib. S. China, Loochuol., 
 Japan, Fiji I. — E. vitiensis, A. Gray. 
 
 Var. 2. nitida, Korths. I.e. 115, t. 7 (sp.) ; stems 8 ft., leaves 14-24 by 4-1 in- nar- 
 row elliptic or oblanceolate serrate above acute or shortly acuminate, petioles ^ in., 
 styles united beyond the middle. E. Roxburuhii, WaU. Cat. 1465, in part. E. sys- 
 tyla, Miq. in Herb. Hovenacker. E. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3662. E. fasciculata, 
 Wall Cat. 4399.— Habit resembling that of the Tea shrub.— Khasia, 3-6000 ft. 
 Griffith; Moulmein, 5000 ft.; Penang, Lobb. — Nilghiris, Gardn. Djstrib. Borneo, 
 Sumatra, Java. 
 
 Var. 3. phyllanthoides ; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 110 (sp.); tips of branches silky- 
 pubescent, leaves 4-5 by 1 in. usually narrow elHptic serrulate with a long acuminate 
 apex, petioles J in., styles united. — Khasia Mts., Moulmein. — Disteib. Java. 
 
 2. E. syxnplodna, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 114; branches striate silky at 
 the apeXj flowers in rather crowded fascicles, peduncles 3-bracteolate silky 
 
Efirya.\ xxiv. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Tliiselton Dyer.) 285 
 
 sepals silky outside, styles united. E, acuminata, Wall. Cat. 1464 in part, 
 not of DC. E. Wallichiana, Planch, ms., not of iSteud. Diospyros cerasifoiia, 
 Don Prodr. 144. 
 
 Central and Eastern Himalaya, alt. 5-7000 ft. ; from Nipal, Wallich, to Misbmi, 
 Griffith. — DiSTRiB. Java. 
 
 A slender shrub. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1^ in., oblong-elliptic, entire or serrulate above, 
 obtusely acuminate, papery, midrib with appressed pubescence ; petioles 4 in. 
 
 3. IS. chinensis, R. Br. in AheVs Voy. 379, cum ic. ; branches snb- 
 flexuose 2-edged pilose, leaves small, flowers 2-3 together subsessile 2-brac- 
 teolate, sepals glabrous, styles united. E. parvifolia, Gardn. in Gale. Journ. 
 Nat. Hid. vii. 445. E. japonica 8 parvifolia, Thw. Enum. 41. 
 
 Ceylon ; ascending to 8000 ft. — Distrib. China, Japan. 
 
 A shrub 3-12 ft. Leaves f-l^ by |-| in., obovate, marjjins re volute, mucronate ser- 
 rate, obtusely acuminate, midrib hairy, petioles ^ in. Pedicels and bracteoles glabrous. 
 
 4. E. ceylanica, Wight III. i. 98 ; branches cylindric pilose, leaves with 
 depressed veins, flowers 2-4 together 2-bracteolate shortly peduncled, sepals 
 glabrous, stigmas 3 subsessile reflexed. E. japonica y chinensis, Thw. 
 Enum. 41. 
 
 Ceylon, alt. 3-7000 ft. 
 
 A shrui), 12-16 ft. Leaves l|-4 by f-H in., broadly, elliptic, shortly acuminate, 
 margins recurved, mucronate-serrate, tip retuse, midrib hairy ; petioles yV in. Pedicels 
 and bracteoles hairy. Emits with a few scattered hairs. 
 
 5. 33. acuminata, DC. Mem. Ternstr. 29; branches cylindric pu- 
 bescent-hairy, flowers about 5 together shortly peduncled 2-bracteolate, 
 styles 3-5 distinct or united below. Diospyros serrata, Ham. in Don 
 Prodr. Nep. 143. 
 
 Temperate and Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 3-7000 ft., from Kumaon to Bhotan; 
 Mountains of Easterx Bengal, Assam, and the Eastern Peninsula to Penaug; 
 Ceylon. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Fiji Islands. 
 
 A shrub 8-10 ft. Leaves 2-5 by ^-1 in., narrow oblong-elliptic, serrulate, attenuate- 
 acuminate, midrib softly hairy 
 
 Var. 1. euprista, Korths. Verb. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 113 (sp.) ; styles distinct. Griff. 
 Jc. 604,/. 3. E. multiflora, DO. I.e. 25. E. serrata, Blume El. Jav. prcsf. vii E. 
 angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 1465 in Herb. Linn. Sac. E. acuminata, Boyle III. 127, t. 25. 
 E, salicifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 118. ? E. chinensis, Hook.f. <& Thorns. Herb. Ind. 
 Or. {not of Brown). 
 
 Var. 2. Wallichiana, Steud. in Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 118 (sp.) ; styles united. E. 
 lucida. Wall. Cat. 1462. E. fascicnlata. Bam. in Wall. Herb. 1463. E. acumi- 
 nata. Wall Cot. 1464. E. bifaria. Wall. Cat. 3721 ? E. membranacea, Gardn. in Calc. 
 Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 444. E. japonica j3 acuminata, Thw. Enum. 41. 
 
 6. E. trichocarpa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 114; branches 
 cylindric pubescent at the apex, flowers few together, peduncles 2-bracteo- 
 late, ovary densely silky, styles 3-5 united | of their length. E. trichogyna, 
 Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 114. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, Bhotan, Griffith; Khasia Mts., (rri/^^A.— Distrib. Amboyna. 
 Buds silky. Leaves 3-4| by f-"l in. narrowly elliptic, acuminate, serrulate, pubes- 
 cent especially on the midrib below ; petioles \ in. Sepals pubescent externally. 
 
 7. ACTZNIDXA, Lindl. 
 
 Glabrous, strigose or tomentose shrubs, usually climbers. Leaves entire or 
 serrate, usually membranous, feather-veined. Flowers polygamous or 
 
286 XXIV. TERNSTR(EMiACE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Aetinidia. 
 
 dioecious, in axillary cymes, rarely solitary. Sepals 5, slightly imbricate, 
 subconnate at the base. Petals 5, somewhat contorted-imbricate. Stamens 
 many ; anthers dehiscing by slits. Ovary many-celled ; styles as nu- 
 merous, divergent and elongated after flowering. Fruit baccate, containing 
 raphides. — Disteib. Himalaya, China and Japan ; species about 8. 
 
 1. A. callosa, Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 439; glabrous, leaves broadly 
 elliptic setosely serrulate, sepals tomentose, fruit sparsely warted. A. Kolo- 
 mitka, Rupr. in Maxim. Amur. 63. Dillen. ord. callosa, Wall. Cat. 6634. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from GarwhaVto Bhotan, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 
 4-5000 ft. — DisTRiB. Mancliuria, Japan, Loochoo Islands. 
 
 A shrubby climber ; stems brown with while verruculse. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 i in., 
 membranous, acuminate ; petioles 1-1 i in. Flowers \ in. diam. in small lax umbellate 
 cymes, wliite. Pedicels with an obsolete bract below the calyx. Sepals oblong, obtuse. 
 Styles clavcite. Fruit % in., ovoid. 
 
 2, A. strlgrosa, Hook. /. d& Thorns, in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 55 ; strigose- 
 his[»id, leaves ovate or oblong callously ciliate or denticulate, sepals nearly 
 smooth. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 A shrubby climber with the habit of .1. callosa. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., acuminate ; 
 petioles about 1 in. Pcdimcles short, 2-4-flowered. Flowers | in. diam., shortly pedi- 
 celled, white. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Styles scarcely dilated at the apex. Pruit 
 1^ in., ovoid, mucilaginous, edible. 
 
 8. SAURAUJA, Willd. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Branches usually brown with whitish tubercular dots, 
 at first as well as the leaves more or less strigose-pilose or scaly. Leaves 
 approximate at the ends of the branches, usually serrate, with j>arallel veins 
 diverging from the midrib. Inflorescence lateral, often from the axils of 
 fallen leaves, cymose, subjJaniculate, rarely few-flowered. Bracts usually 
 small, remote from the calyx. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, 
 strongly imbricate. Petals 5, usually connate at the base. Stamens many ; 
 anthers dehiscing by pores. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles as many, distinct or 
 connate ; ovules many. Frxiit baccate, rarely dry and subdehiscent. — 
 DiSTRiB. Tropical and subtropical Asia and America. Species about 60. 
 
 * Flowers in axillary peduncled panicles. Styles 5. 
 
 1. S. napaulensis, DC. Mem. Ternslr. 29 ; panicles 2-4 in. alternately 
 branched with a peduncle about 5 in., bracteoles deciduous elliptic acute, 
 sepals orbicular glabrous. Wall. PI. Asiai. Par. ii. 40, 77, t. 178 ; Cat. 1469. 
 S. paniculata, Wall, in G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 567. Ternstroemia racemosa, 
 Don Prodr.^-2b. Zanthoxylum Serra, Tiircz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, 440. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., to Garwhal, alt. 
 2400-5000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft.; Mishmi hills; Griffith. 
 
 A moderate siz6d tree ; youngest branches, petioles, midribs and peduncles covered 
 •with scurfy tomcntum, mixed with brown, deciduous, acuminate scales. Leaves 10-15 
 by 3-4 in., narrow oblong- elHptic, rounded at the base, shortly acuminate, strongly ser- 
 rate, nearly glabrous above, thinly ferruginous-tomentose beneath; petioles 1-1^ in. 
 Flowers ^ in. diam., pink. Sepals ^ in. Petals at length recurved at the apex. Fruit 
 green, mealy inside, edible, sweet. Seeds red-brown. — Varies with elliptic obtuse leaves. 
 
 2. S. GriflSthii, Dyer ; panicle 4-6 in. alternately branched with a 
 peduncle 6-8 iti , bracteoles small oblong, sepals elliptic obtuse densely 
 tomentose externally. 
 
Saurauja.] xxiv. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 287 
 
 Assam, Qrifith. 
 
 Covered except on the smooth upper surface of the leaves and old wood with dense 
 brown flocculent tomentum without scales. LeMves 8-10 by 4-5 in., broadly elliptic, 
 oblong, rounded at both ends, abruptly and very shortly acuminate, margin with remote 
 spinulose serratures ; petioles about 2 in. Sepals ^ in. 
 
 ** Fl(mers in fascicles (the peduncle evanescent) of about 4 trichotomous 
 cymes from the axils of fallen leaves. Styles 5. 
 
 3. S. fasciculata, Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 40, t. 148, Cat. 1468 ; cymes 
 1-3-fiovvered glabrous, bracteoles minute linear-deltoid. 
 
 Eastern subtropical Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. ^2-4000 ft., 
 Griffith, &c. 
 
 A bush or small tree 20 ft. high, tomentose as in S. napaulensis. but the scales trun- 
 cate and torn. Leaves 7-10 by 2-3 in., narrow eliiptic-olong, acute or rounded at the 
 base, attenuate-acuminate, obtusely serrate, glabrous above, ferruginous-toraentose 
 beneath ; petioles 1-2 in. Cymes 2-3 in., branches red; bracteoles x^-in. Flowers Jin. 
 diam., pedicelled, subcampanulate, white then pink. Sepals ^ in., ovate, obtuse. 
 
 4. S. punduana, Wall. PI. As. Par. ii. 40, Cat. 1470; cymes many- 
 flowered scaly, bracteoles broadly ovate, flowers | in. diam. S. fasciculata 
 var. abbreviata, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 27. 
 
 SiKKiM Himayala; alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft. ; Mishmi hills 
 and BiRMA, Gi'iffith. 
 
 Habit of S. fasciculata, but the scales mostly acute. Leaves 8-11 by 3-4 in., acu- 
 minate; petioles 1-2 in. Cymes 3 in., rarely solitary; bracteoles y^j-j in. Flowers 
 I in. diam., pink. Sepals \-^ in., broadly ovate, rounded. — ^Varies with elliptic obtuse 
 leaves. 
 
 5. S. Xtoxburgrhii, Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii 40, Cat. 1467 ; cymes many- 
 flowered thinly tomentose, bracteoles -deltoid acute, flowers ^ in. diam. 
 Ternstroemia serrata, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 40, not of Jack. 
 
 SiLHET and Khasia Mts., ascending to 4000 ft. ; Chittagong, /. D. H. & T. T. ; 
 Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, tomentose as in S. napaulensis, the scales minute acute. 
 Leaves 6-14 by 2-5 in., elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends or shortly acumi- 
 nate, obtusely serrate, smooth above, ferruginous-tomentose below ; petioles 1-2 in. 
 Cymes 1-3 in. ; bracteoles -^^ in. Flowers subcampauulate. Petals white, then pink. 
 Stamens about 50. Styles 5. Perries the size of a small pea. 
 
 *** Flowers (except on the old wood) in fascicles of many simple or very 
 shortly peduncled pedicels. Styles 3 or 5. 
 
 6. S. tristyla, DC- Mem. Ternstr. 31, t. 7 ; leaves obovate or broadly 
 oblong. Wall. Cat. 1466. S. leucophloia and S. media, Korth. Verh. Nat. 
 Gesch. Pot. 125. Scapha CandoUii and S. pinangiana, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 
 31. Ternstroemia pentapetala. Jack in Malay Misc. i. no. 5, 40. T. trilocu- 
 laris, Roxb. ex Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 40. T. bilocularis, Roxh. Fl. Ind. 
 ii. 522. Cleyera pentapetala, Spreng. Syst. feg. ii. 596. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; from Tenasserim, Heifer, to Penang, Sincapore, and Malacca, 
 Wallich, Maingay. — Distrib. Moluccas, S. China. 
 
 A shrub or small tree ; branches with grey unspotted bark. Leaves 7-10 by 2J- 
 4 J in. acuminate, spinulose-serrate, glabrous on both sides except the scale-like hairs 
 on the nerves and the midrib beneath; petioles ^-IJ in. Flowers on old wood in 
 fascicles of about twice 3-chotomous cymes. PedireU f in,, scaly and hairy. Floicers 
 i in. diam. Sepals obovate, obtuse. Petals white. Stamens about 20. Styles 3, rarely 5, 
 distinct. Perries usually 3-lobed. 
 
 7. S. macrotrlcha, Kurz, ms. ; leaves very narrowly lanceolate. 
 
288 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMIACE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Saurauja. 
 
 BiRMA at Durunja, alt. 1000 ft., Griffith; Yunan at Ponsee, /. Anderson. 
 
 A small tree, clothed except on the old wood with stiEF setose hairs. Leaves 9-11 
 by l-2i in., attenuate above and below, setosely serrate, more sparingly hairy on both 
 ' surfaces; petioles % in. Pedicels 1 in. or less, unequal. Flowers red. Sepals ^in., 
 elliptic, obtuse. Styles 5, connate below. 
 
 **** Flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, sessile solitary or aggregate, 
 Styles 4. 
 8. S. cerea, Griff, ms. ; ovary densely hairy. Grif. Itin. Notes, 200. 
 
 Bhotan Himalaya, at Murichom, alt, 3500 ft., Griffith. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 1-10 by 4-5 in., cuneate-obovate, acute, setosely serrate, gla- 
 brous on both sides, veins below with distant setose scales; petioles i in., scaly. 
 Flowers 1 in. diain. Sepals orbicular, densely scaly externally. Petals orbicular- 
 obovate, white with the base blood-red, waxy. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 S. STERCULiPOLTA, Griffi. Itin. notes, 198, Bhotan. — Probably S. napauUnaia, 
 
 S. PERRCGiNEA, Griff. Itin. notes, 120, Bhotan. 
 
 S. MiCRANTHA, Griff. Itin. notes, 71, Khasia. — Probably S. Roxhurghii. 
 
 9. STACHYURUS, Sieb. & Zucc. 
 
 Glabrous shrubs or small trees. Leaves serrate, membranous. Floivers 
 small, in short lateral spikes or racemes. Bracts 2, connate at the b.ise. 
 Sepals 4, strongly imbricate. Petals 4, free. Staviem 8 ; anthers dehiscing 
 by slits. Ovary 4-celled; style sim})le, stigma capitate-peltate; ovules 
 many. Beri'y 4-celled. Cotyledons elliptic, radicle short. — Distkib. 2 known 
 species, a Japanese and a Himalayan. 
 
 1. S. Wxnalalcus, Ilook.f. <£r Tluoms ; Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 
 55 ; leaves shortly petioled attenuate-acuminate, berries subsessile subglobose. 
 Indetemi. Wall. Cat. 7417. 
 
 Eastern Temi^erate Himalaya; Nipal, IFa/^tc/i; Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft., /. Z), iT.; 
 Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 A small-tree with strajigling branches. Leaves 4-6 by l.J-2 in., ovate, with a rounded 
 bane, finely serrate, the veins strongly reticulated beneath ; petioles i-4 in. Sjjikes 
 2-3 in., erect. Berries the size of a small pea. 
 
 10. SCKZMA, Reinw. 
 
 Trees with papery evergreen leaves. Pedaucles usually erect, axillary or 
 solitary, or the ui)permost shortly racemed. Flowers handsome, 2-bracteo- 
 late. Sepals 5, subequal. Petals 5, much larger, connate at the base, the 
 outermost concave and sub-cucullate. Stamens many, adnate to the base of 
 the petals. Ovary 5- (rarely 4-6-) celled ; styles simple or slightly lobed at 
 the apex with broad spreading stigmas ; ovules 2-6 in each cell, attached 
 laterally, sub-pendulous. Ca]mde woody, depressed-globose, loculicidal, 
 with a persistent axis. Seeds flat, kidney-shaped, dorsal ly winged, hilum 
 central, albumen scanty; cotyledons foliaceous, flat or crumpled, accum- 
 bent ; radicle inferior, curved upwards.-— Distkib. Tropical Asia. Species 
 about 7. 
 
 1. S. mollis, Dyer ; leaves quite entire with nearly simple lateral veins, 
 peduncles 1 in. with minute white warts, fruit pubescent when young. 
 Gordonia mollis, Wall. Cat. 1458. 
 
Schima.\ xxiv. ternstrcemiace^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 289 
 
 Tavoy, mdUch. 
 
 Branches brown with minute scattered white warts. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in., elliptic, 
 tapering and acute at both ends, smooth on both surfaces with red veins ; petiole f in., 
 pubescent. Peduncles thickened upwards. /Sepals -^\ in. long, with pubescent-ciliate 
 margins, glabrous externally. 
 
 2. S. Wallichli, Choisy in Zoll. Gat. 144 ; leaves entire or obscurely 
 cretiate-serrate with forked lateral veins, flowers in a short terminal raceme, 
 peduncles |-2 in. with minute white warts, fruit f in. diam. pubescent when 
 young, afterwards minutely warted. S. hypoglauca, Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 
 fSiippl. i. 484. Gordonia Wallichii, I>C. Prodr. i. 528; Wall. Cat. 1455. 
 G. integriiolia, Roxb. Hoi-t. Beng. 52. G. Chilaunia, Ham. in Don Prodr. 
 225. G. sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 562, t. 600. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, from Nipal, Wallich, and Sikkira, alt. 2-5000 ft., /. D. H., to 
 Bhotan, Gri§ith. Assam, Chittagong, and the Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft., Wallich, 
 &c. BiRMA, Griffith. — Distkib. Sumatra. 
 
 A tree 80-100 ft., with rough or smooth, pale or brown bark. Leaves 6-7 by 2-3 in., 
 elliptic-obloiig, tapering or rounded below, acute or slightly acuminate, glabrous and 
 reddish-veined above, reticulate and more or less puboscient beneath ; petiole 4 in., 
 pnljescent. Peduncles rather slender; bracts \ in., alterliate, narrow obiong, retuse. 
 Flowers 14-2 in. diam., white, fragrant. Sepals ^ in. long, with pubiscent-ciliate mar- 
 gins, glabrous, or slightly pubescent outside. Petals pubescent outside at the base. 
 
 3. S. crenata, Korik. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 14.3, t. 29 ; leaves faintly cre- 
 nate-serrate, flowers in a loose terminal corymb, peduncles 1^-2 in. smooth 
 slender, fruit \ in. diam. pubescent. Gordonia floribunda, Wall. Cat. 1456; 
 Griff. Notid. iv. 563. G. oblata, Poxk Fl. Ind. ii. 572. G. sp. Griff. I.e. 562. 
 
 Eastern Penjnsula, from Tenasserim to Penang. Birma, Griffith. — Distrib. Borneo, 
 Sumatra. 
 
 A tree 30-60 ft. Branchlets compressed, pubescent. Leaves about 6 by 2 in., elliptic, 
 acute at the base, acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces, rather leaden-coloured above ; 
 petiole 4 in., glabrous. Flowers 1^ in. diam., white, fragrant. /Sepals hardly ^ in., 
 long, margins scarcely ciliate, glabrous externally. Petals pubescent externally at the 
 ba.-ie. /Stigma 4-5-lubed, peltate. — The Borneo and Sumatra specimens have ciliate 
 sepals, pubescent externally. 1 agree, however, with Kurz (Joaru. As. Sue. Beng. 1870, 
 ii. 64), that they must be united with the Indian forms. 8. Noronhce has fewer and 
 larger flowers and stouter peduncles. 
 
 4. S. khasiana, Dyer ; leaves strongly serrate with nearly simple 
 lateral veins, flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, peduncles f in. stout 
 with minute white warts, fruit f in. diam. rough. Gordonia superba, 
 Hook.f. d' Thorns, ms. (not of Gard. & Champ.) 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 A tree with white bark. Leaves 5-6 by 2-2^ in., ovate, acute, glabrous on both 
 surfaces, reticulate beneath; petiole 4 iii., glabrous. Flowers 24 in. diam. Sepals ^ in. 
 long, with pubescent-ciliate margins, pubescent externally. Petals silky -pubescent 
 externaNy on the lower half. 
 
 11. PVRENARIA, Blume. 
 
 Shrubs or trees. Leaves serrate, large and submembranous. Flowers sub- 
 sessile, axillary, erect or nodding. /Sepals usually 5, unequal, graduatmg 
 from the bracts to the petals. Petals connate at the base. /Stamens very 
 numerous, mostly connate, adnate to the base of the petals. Ovary 5-celled ; 
 styles 5, free, or partially united ; ovules 2 in each cell, attached laterally. 
 Fruit drupaceous, indeluscent. Seeds oblong, stout, wingless with a thick 
 
 VOL. I. U 
 
290 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACE^. (W. T. TMseltoD Djer.) [Pyrenaria, 
 
 woody testa ; albumen ; cotyledons large, crumpled or conduplicate ; radicle 
 inferior, inflexed,— Distrib. Malay Penins. & Ind. Arch. Species about 7. 
 
 * Leaves pubescent beneatk. 
 
 1. P. acuminata, Planch, ex Choisy Mem. Temstr. 84; bracts and 
 sepals ovate acute. Ternstrcemia ? macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 3663 m Herb. 
 Linn. Soc. Gordonia (Camellia ?) acuminata, Wall. Cat. 3664 in Uerb. Kew. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, Malacca and Sincapore, Wallich, &c. 
 
 Branches densely hairy. Leaves 8-12 by 2^-4 in., oblanceolate, obscurely serrulate, 
 shortly acuminate, glabrous above; petiole ^-^ in., pubescent. Plowers l\ in, diam , 
 shortly stalked. Bracts and sepals velvety externally. Petals round, silky externally, 
 purplish-brown within, Ovor?/ silky. J^'ruit 14 by 1 in. when dry, pomaceoua, wrinkled, 
 finally nearly glabrous, 
 
 ** Leaves glabrous beneath. 
 
 2. P. camellieeflora, Ku?^ in Joum. An. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 46 ; leaves 
 oblong or elliptic-ublon^^ subacuminate creuato-serrulate. 
 
 Pegu, Kurz ; Martaban, Brandts. 
 
 A small tree, 25-30 ft, high. Leaves 5-7 by 1^-2 in , yellowish-green even when 
 dried ; petiole 4 '"• Flowers f in. uiam,, white ; bracteoles small and as well as the 
 sepals and petals silky externally. Ovary silky. Drupe about 1 in, long, obovoid, 
 succulent, at first slightly pubescent, then pruinose. Steds 2. 
 
 3. P. attenuata« Seem, in Linn. Trans, xxii. 340 ; leaves obovate serru- 
 late, flowers 4^ in. diam. Freziera? attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1451. Thea viridis 
 var. assamica, CJioisy Mem, Tei-ndr. 91. Tliea assamica, aflf. sp., Choisy 
 I.e. 68. 
 
 Tavoy, Oomez. 
 
 Branches glabrous; buds silky. Leaves 6-7 by 24-3 in., obtuse or very shortly 
 acuminate ; petiole 4 in. Plowers very shortly peduncled. Bracts, sepals, and petals 
 orbicular, pubescent externally. Ovary pubescent ; styles united below, glabrous above. 
 
 4. P. barrlng-tonlae folia, Seem, in Bonpl. vii, 49 ; leaves spathulate 
 strongly serrate, flowers 1 ^ in. diam. Eusynaxis barringtoniicfolia, Griff. 
 JSiM. iv. 560, t. 603, f. 1, 2, 3. 
 
 Assam, Grirfith; Garrow hills in Eastern Benoal, Lobb. 
 
 A shrub 6 it., with glabrous branches and pubescent buds. Leaves 8-10 by 24-34 in., 
 tip ronniled or truncate, cuspidate-acuminate ; petiole ^ in, Plowers yellowish-white, 
 very shortly peduncled. Bracts, seitaU, and prtals orbicular, erose-crenate, pubes- 
 cent exteinaily, C^vori/ silky, grooved ; styles distinct, i*VMif ovoid, 1^ in, long when 
 dry, longitudinally wrinkled, glabrous, 
 
 12. GORDONIA, Ellis. 
 
 Trees with evergreen entire or crenate leaves. Flotvers usually handsome, 
 often subgessile, solitary in the axils of the leaves or collected at the ends of 
 the branches, 2-4-l)racteolate. Sepals usually 5, unequal, graduating from 
 the bracts to the petals. Petals free or often slightly connate at the base, the 
 innermost larger. Stamens 5-adelphous or all connate, adnate to the petals. 
 Ovary 3-5- (rarely 6-) celled ; style single with a stout spreading stigma ; 
 ovules 4-8 in each cell. Capsule oblong, woody, loculicidal with a })ersistent 
 axis. Seeds flat or compressed, prolonged upwards into an oblong wing 
 (rarely obsolete) albumen ; embryo mostly straight, oblique, with ovate 
 flat or slightly cruujpled cotyledons ; radicle superior. — Distrlb. N. America, 
 Tropical Asia, Malay Archipelago. Species about 10. 
 
Oordonia.] xxiv. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Bjer.) 291 
 
 1. G-. excelsa, Blume, Bijd. iii. 130; leaves very shortly petioled 
 narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate more or less acuminate obscurely serrulate 
 usually coriaceous. G. singapariaua, Wall. Gat. 1457 {in part). Antheeis- 
 chiraa excelsa. Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 138, t. 27. Dipterospermae sp. 
 Gnff. Notul. i'v. 564. 
 
 BiiOTAN HiMAT.AYA, (var. 1), (rrt^^^ / EASTERN Pexinsula, Sincapore, Q. Thomson; 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Araboyna, 
 
 Bark of young branches cracking transversely and scaling off. Leaves 4-10 by 1^-3 in., 
 tapering at both en Is ; midrib strong; veins faint; petiole J in. Fedundes {-^m., 
 short, pubescent. Flowers l§-2 in. diam., pinkish, fragrant. Sepals a.nd petal'i rather 
 fleshy, orbicular, silky-pubescent externally with membranous edges. Capsule 1 in. 
 long. Valves fiat on the back, more or less tapering upwards. 
 
 Var. 1. pubescens ; buds and young shoots pubescent. 
 
 Var. 2. sincapuriana ; buds and young shoots glabrous. 
 
 2. G*. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 1459 ; leaves shortly petioled narrowly elliptic 
 tapering at both ends, obtuse or obtusely acuminate crenate papery. G. 
 obtusifolia and G. parvifolia, Wight III. i. 99. Saurauja crenulata, Wight in 
 Wall. Gat. 1459 {not of DC). 
 
 MoDNTAiNS of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to the Pulney hills. Ceylon ? 
 
 A tall tree ; young branches with grey striate persistent bark, at first compressed ; 
 buds silky. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1 4 in. ; midrib strong ; petioles ^ in. Pedunchs short, 
 pubescent. Flowers \\ in. diam,, white. Sepals orbicular, silky-pubescent externally; 
 the membranous petals faintly so. Capsule 1 in. long, 5-angled, the valves deeply sul- 
 cata above. 
 
 3. G. IHaing'ayi, Dyer ; leaves petioled oblanceolate tapering below 
 obtusely acuminate with obscurely serrulate and slightly revolute edges 
 subcoriaceous, margins of petals and sepals glabrous. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Bra'fichlets numerous, slender, with grey and persistent bark ; buds silky. Leaves 
 3 by 1-lf in. ; petioles j in. Flowers 1 in. diam., subsessile. Sepals and petals orbi- 
 cular, retuse, silky-pubescent externally, with membranous edges. Capsule 1 in. long, 
 stained inside with purple ; valves nearly flat on the back. — Closely allied to G. obtusa, 
 but the subsessile flower-buds and flowers are smaller and the leaves stouter. 
 
 4. G. zeylanlca, Wight III. i. 99 ; leaves shortly petioled elliptic- 
 oblanceolate tapering at both ends with a minute retuse glandular point 
 entire rather coriaceous. 
 
 Ceylon; forests of the Central Province, alt. 4-7000 ft.. Walker, &c. 
 
 Bark of young branches persistent, smooth. Leaves 3-4 by 1-2 in. ; midrib strong; 
 veins obsolete; petiole ^ in. Peduncles short, glabrous. Flowers \\ in. diam., white. 
 Sepals orbicular, smooth, retuse ; margins ciliate. Petals slightly pubescent externally 
 towards the base. 
 
 Var. 1. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 40; young branches pilose, leaves narrow. 
 
 Var. 2. elliptica, Thw. I.e. (excl. syn. Gardner) ; young branches smooth, leaves 
 broader. 
 
 5. Cr. elliptica, Gard. in Gale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 448 ; leaves sessile 
 broadly elliptic rounded at both ends retuse at the apex entire slightly 
 coriaceous. 
 
 Ceylon ; Gardner, Newera Ellia, O. Thomson. 
 
 A large tree. Branchlets with the leaves crowded at their extremities ; bark crack- 
 ing across and lengthwise. Leaves about 3 by 1^ in , upper surface reticulate-veined ; 
 midrib strongly marked below, channelled above. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., sessile, white. 
 Sepals orbicular, emarginate, puberulous externally. Petals obcordiform, puberulous 
 
 U2 
 
292 XXIV. TERNSTR(EMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Gordmiu. 
 
 Capsule 1-1 J in. ; back of valves sulcate. — Thwaites does not appear to have seen spe- 
 cimens of this plant, which differs from G zeylanica in its sessile, more coriaceous 
 leaves with slightly revolute margins when dry, and its larger flowers. 
 
 6. G-. speciosa, Thwaites Eniim. 40 ; leaves sessile broadly elliptic 
 rouii'led and retuse at the apex entire coriaceous. Carria speciosa, Gard. in 
 Cak. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 7. 
 
 Ckylon ; damp forests of the Central Province, rather micommon, alt. 5000 ft. and 
 upwards, Gardner^ &c. 
 
 A tree 40-50 ft. BrancMets with th^ leaves crowded at their extremities ; bark 
 groy, crackins; longitudinally. Buds glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by l.J-3 in., slightly revo- 
 lute when dried ; midrib strong, channelled above ; veins obsolete. Flowers 2-4 in, 
 diam , suhsessile, reddish purple. Sepals And petalx orbicular-oblong, obcordate ; sepals 
 smooth, maririns ciliate ; petals faintly silky externally towards the base. CapstUe 
 1 J in. long ; back of valves sulcate above. 
 
 GoRDONiA ANOMALA, Spreng. Syst. iii. 126, is figured in Bot Reg. 349, under the 
 name of Camollia axillaris, Rorb. ms., and is stated to have been introduced by Dr. Rox- 
 burgh into the Calcutta Botanic (Jarden from Pulo-Penang. I have seen, however, no 
 specimens except from 8. China, whence it is probably not indigenous in Penang. 
 
 13. CAMEZiXiZA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen, serrate, coriaceous or membranous. 
 Flowers axillary, solitary, or aggregated, sessile or shortly stalked, often 
 handsome. Sepals 5-6, unequal, graduating fri)m the bracts towards the 
 petals. Petals slightly coherent at the base. jSt^nnens numerous, the outer- 
 most in many rows, slightly or almost wlioUy monadelphous, adherent to 
 the base of tlie petals ; the innermost, 5-12, f^ee. Ovari/ 3-5-ceUed ; styles 
 free to the base, or more or less united ; ovules 4-5 in each cell, pendulous. 
 Capsule woody, usually short, loculicidal. /Seeds mostly solitary in each cell, 
 wingless, albumen 0; embryo straight, cotyledons thick, radicle short, 
 superior. — Distrlb. Trop. and East. Asia and Malay Archipelago. Species 
 about 14. 
 
 Sect. I. Thea, Linn. Flowers nodding, sepah persistent. 
 
 1. C. theifera, Grif. Notid. iv. 558, t. 601, f. i. & iii. ; Trans. Agric. Soc. 
 Gale. V. (1838), t. C; leaves elli[)tic-oblong acute or cuspidate-acuminate pu- 
 berulous on the nerves beneath, peduncles 2-3-bracteate short, styles and 
 stamens glabrous. Thea chinensis, Linn.; Seem, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. t. 61. 
 T. assamica. Masters in Journ. Agric. d' Hort. Soc. hid, iii. (1844), 63. Assam 
 Tea, Wall. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. iv. 48, t. 2. Camellia ? Scottiana, Wall. 
 Cat. 3668, (see Jouim. Linn. Soc. xiii. 328). Camelliae sp., Grif. Trans. 
 Agric. (k Hort. Soc. Ind. v. (1838), t. B. Eurya angustifolia, Miquel in Herb, 
 hoheuack. 483 (a cultivated form). 
 
 Upper Assam, Wallich; Cachar {fide T. Anderson). — Distrib. China. 
 
 A shrub, 3-6 ft. high. Brancldets glabrous ; buds silky. Leaves 4-8 by 1^-2^ in. 
 tapering at either end, more or less serrate, membranous ; petiole ^ in. Flowers \\ in, 
 diam., white. Sepals orbicular, glabrous, with membranous cihate edges. Petals broadly 
 obovate. Styles united for | their length. Capsule leathery, trigonous ; cells 1- rarely 
 2-seeded. Seeds f in. diam., nearly globose or obtusely angled, smooth, pale brown, — 
 Possibly the wild stock of the tea plant. The cultivate*! forms vary with more con- 
 tracted habit, smaller, more obtuse and coriaceous leaves, and a pubescent calyx. In 
 J. W. Bennett's Ceylon, 277, the Tea plant is alluded to and figured as having been found 
 in that island by the Dutch. This, however, was not confirmed by the writer or by 
 any subs-quent observer. 
 
Camellia] xxiv. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 293 
 
 2. C. caudata, Wall. PI. As. Bar. iil 36 ; leaves elliptic-oblong caudate- 
 acuminate sparsely puberulous beneath, peduncles imbricate-bracteate short, 
 stamens and styles hairy. Wall. Cat 978 ; Grif. Notul. iv. 559, t. 601, f. ii. ; 
 Trans. Agric, (h Hort. ^oc. Ind. v. (1838\ t. A. 
 
 Khasia Mts. and Silhet, Walllch, &c. ; Bhotan Himalaya, Booth; Mishmi Hills, 
 
 Griffith. , . , 
 
 tiranchlets slender; buds silky. Leaves 3-4 by f-1 in., serrate, membranous with a 
 strong midrib pubescent beneath; petiole ^ in., pubescent. Flowers about 1 in. diam., 
 white. Sepals ovate, silky externally. Petals obovate, puberulous externally. Capsule 
 f in. diam., trigonously-spherical, 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 Sect. II. Camellia proper. Flowers erect, sepals deciduous. 
 
 3. C. drupifera, Lour. Fl. Cochin. 411, ex Seem, in Trans. Linn. Sac. 
 xxii. 344; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong tapering below with a long 
 acuminate apex coriaceous, stamens glabrous, styles nearly free woolly at 
 the base. C. Kissi, Wall, in As. Res. xiii. 429 ; Jo urn. As. Sac. Beng. iv. 48, 
 t. 2 ; PI. As. Rar. iii. 36, t. 256. C. keina, Dm, Prodr. 224. C. mastersia, 
 Griff. Notul. iv. 539. C. simplicifolia, Griff. Notul. iv. 560, t. 604, f. ii. C. sym- 
 plocifolia. Griff. Itin. 40. C. caudata, Griff. Itin. 40 {not of Wall.). C. oleifolia, 
 
 Wall. Cat. 976. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya; alt. 3-7000 ft.; from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith; 
 Assam and Khasia Mts., alt. 5-8000 ft. ; Tenasserim and Andaman Islands, Heifer. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, wiih much divided slender branches. Branchlets slightly 
 puberulent ; buds with loose scales, sparingly pubescent. Leaves 3-4 by I-I4 in., serrulate 
 especially towards the apex, often slightly revolute ; veins faint ; petiole J in. Flowers 
 14 in. diam , white, with the odour of cherry-laurel. Sepals orbicular, silky externally. 
 Petals obovate, emarginate, scarcely hairy externally. Ovary wooily. Capsule nearly 
 1 in. diam., at first pyriform and pubescent, ultimately depressed-globose and smooth. 
 Seeds 1-3. — C. Sasanqua, of China and Japan, has less acuminate leaves, obcordate or 
 2-lobed petals and connate styles. 
 
 4. C. lutescens, Dyer; leaves elliptic-oblong tapering or rounded 
 below caudate-acuminate membranous, styles short, stigmas recurved, cap- 
 sule drupaceous (when young only 1). 
 
 Mishmi Hills, high up on Laim-planj-thaya, Griff. Journ. p. 38, Kew Distrib. 777 
 and 779. 
 
 A shrub with much divide^ pale grey branches and buds silky within. Leaves 2-3 4 
 by l-lj in., closely serrate ; midrib prominent below and pale; petiole ^ in. puberu- 
 lous. Flowers 1 in. diam., crowded towards the ends of the branches, sessile, white, 
 then yellowish, fragrant. Sepals orbicular, membranous, thinly pubescent internally. 
 Petals obovate, smooth. Ovary with long silky hairs. 
 
 5. C.t sp.n.; a, shrub 10 ft. with puberulous shoots and pubescent buds and 
 petioles. Leaves 4-7 by 1^-2 in., oblong, tapering at both ends, crenate serrate, 
 obtuse acuminate, papery, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole | in. Flo\\ers 
 1 in. diam. erect; the orbicular, minutely mucronate sepals and obovate 
 petals both pubescent externally; styles 5, distinct, very short; ovary silky. 
 
 Moulmein, Lobh, alt. 3000 ft. ; a single specimen. 
 
 I have no means of identifying the plant found by Griffith on the Mishmi moun- 
 tains {Journ. 38 and 45), and called by him Camellia axillaris. 
 
 14. ARCKVTSIA, Martius. 
 Leaves evergreen, semiamplexicaul, smooth. Flowers on a lateral com- 
 pressed peduncle, 3 or more together, rarely solitary Brads subfoliaceous. 
 
294 XXIV. TERNSTRCEMiACEJS. (W. T. TLiselton Dyer.) [Archytaa. 
 
 Sepals and petals each 5. Stamens numerous, 5-adelphous ; anthers versa- 
 tile. Ovary 5-celled ; styles distinct or wholly united ; ovules numerous 
 in many imbricating rows. Cajjside acuminate, septicidai from below, 
 with a persistent central axis. tSeects linear-subcylindric, albumen scanty. 
 — DiSTBiB. Trop. Amer. and Indian Archipelago. Species 3. 
 
 1. A. Vahlll, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 73. Hypericum altemifolinm, 
 Vahl Symb. ii. t.-42 ; DC. Prodr. i. 545 ; Wall, Cat. 4806. Pioiarium elegans, 
 Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 135, t. 25. 
 
 Eastern I^eninscla; Malacca, Griffith; Sincapore, Wallich; Penang, Jack. — 
 DisTRiB. Borneo. 
 
 A shrub or small tree. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, narrow oblan- 
 ceolate, acute ; margins and midrib red. Flowers 1 in. long, pink. /Styles 4 in. long, 
 distinct. 
 
 A plant of which I have seen only specimens in fruit, collected by Maingay at Penang, 
 and described below, is probably the type of a new Ternstroemiaceous genus. — Leaves 
 alternate, 2-3 by 1-1 4 in., elliptic, acute, coriaceous, with close patent lateral veins ; 
 petiole 1 in. Flowers irom the axils of fallen leaves, forming a terminal panicle ; 
 peduncle ^ in. long, thickened upwards. iSepals 6, imbricate. Immature /rttii ovoid, 
 apiculale, drupaceous, containing 2 1 -seeded cells. 
 
 Order XXV. DIPTEROCARPEiE. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 
 
 Resinous trees, rarely climbinj]; shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, quite 
 entire, rarely sinuate-crenate, with parallel lateral nerves ; stipules usually 
 small and deciduous, or inconspicuous, sometimes larger and persistent, or 
 fugitive, leaving an annular scar. Flowers usually sweet-scented in few- or 
 many-flowered axillary and terminal racemes or panicles. Bracts usually 
 minute or 0, rarely larger and persistent. Calyx-tube tree and cam})anulate, 
 or very short and adnate to the base of the ovary. Fetals contorted, connate 
 at the base or free. Stametis qo, 15, 10 or 5, bypogynous or subperigynous, 
 free, connate, or adnate to the petals, filaments short, often dilated at the 
 base ; anthers 2-celled, the outer valves sometimes larger, connective 
 often aristate or witli an obtuse ai)pendage. Ovary slightly immersed in the 
 torus, usually 3- rarely 2- or 1-ceiled ; style subulate or fleshy, entire or 
 with 3 minute stigmatic lobes ; ovules anatrupous, 2 in each cell, pendulous 
 or laterally afiixed (solitary and erect in Ancistrocladus). Fruit usually nut- 
 like, sometimes capsidar and 3-valved, 1- rarely 2-seeiied, accompanied by 
 the variously accrescent calyx of which two or more lobes are usually developed 
 into linear wings. ISeed exalbumous (albumen fleshy and ruminated in 
 Ancistrocladus); cotyledons fleshy, equal or unequal, straight or more or less 
 
 Elaited and crunjpled ; radicle directed towards the hilum, usually included 
 etween the cotyledons.— Distrlb. Confined (except 3 Tropical African 
 species) to Tropical Eastern Asia ; genera about 13, species about 170. 
 
 * Calyx much enlarged in fruit, segments erect. 
 Calyx in fruit with a distinct tube. 
 
 Pruit free 1. Dipterocarpus. 
 
 JFruit adnate to the calyx. 
 
 All the calyx-lobes enlarged. Stamens 6-10, ovary 1- 
 
 celled 2. Ancistbocladus. 
 
 Two calyx-lobes enlarged. Stamens oo , ovary 3-eelled . . 3. Anisoptera. 
 
XXV. D1PTER0CARPE2E. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 295 
 
 Calyx in fruit with an obscure tube. 
 
 /Estivation of the calyx subvalvate j stamens 15 .... 4. Vatica. 
 -Estivation of the calyx imbricate. 
 
 Three or all the calyx-segments enlarged ; stamens 15-oo, 
 
 subulate-cuspidate 5. Shorea. 
 
 Two caiyx-segments enlarged; stamens 10-15, subulate- 
 cuspidate 6. Hopea. 
 
 Two calyx-segments enlarged ; stamens 15, with an obtuse 
 
 appendage 7. Doona. 
 
 ** Calyx scarcely enlarged in fruit, segments reflexed. 
 
 Stamens 15-go . 8. Vateria. 
 
 Stamens 5 9. Monoporandra. 
 
 1. DIPTEROCARPUS, Gsertn. f. 
 
 Lofty trees, stellately pubescent or more or less clothed with fascicled 
 hairs. Leaves coriaceous, entire or sinuate-crenate, lateral nerves not quite 
 opposite, connected by marginal loops and transverse reticulations ; petiole 
 usually more or less tuuiid at the apex ; stipules large, valvate, enclosing 
 the terminal bud, finally caducous leaving an annular scar. Flowers large, 
 racemed, white or reddish. Calyx-tube free. Petals usually pubescent ex- 
 ternally especially on the outer margin. Stamens oo ; anthers linear, equi- 
 valved, acuminate. Ovary 3-celied ; style filiform ; ovules 2 in each cell. 
 Fruit nut-like, 1- rarely 2-seeded, inclosed in the accrescent calyx- tube, 
 free; wings 2, erect. >5Ve(i adnate to the base of the pericarp; Cv»tyledons 
 large, thick, unequal ; radicle inconspicuous. — Distrib. Tropical E. Asia ; 
 species about 50. 
 
 * Calyoc-tuhe in fruit without ribs or wings, 
 t Young branches glabrous or canescent, 
 
 1. D. turbinatus, Goertn. f. Fruct. iii. 51, t. 188; leaves ovate or 
 broadly lanceolate entire or sinuate-crenate acute base rounded, fruit-wings 
 5 by i in. linear-oblanceolate obtuse 3-nerved. Ham. in Mem. Weim. Soc. 
 vi. .:i()0 ; Jioxb. Fl. lad. ii. 612 ; Gorom. Fl. iii. 10, t. 213 ; Wall. Cat. 952 ; 
 A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 607. D. laevis, Ham. I.e. 299 ; A. DC. I.e. D. indicus, 
 Bedd. Forest Rep. 1864-5, 17 with tab. 
 
 Eastern Bengal and Eastern Peninsula, from Chittagong and Pegu to Sincapore. 
 (Concan and Ceylon cult. ?) 
 
 Young brandies compressed. Leaves 5-12 by 24-7 in. ; glabrous on both surfaces or 
 slightly pubescent, especially on the nerves and margins, lateral nerves 14-18 pairs; 
 petiole 14-3 in.; stipules with dense stellate canescence, pubescent towards the apex. 
 Macemes 3-5-tiowered. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calyx tube obconic, hoary-puberulous ; 
 in fruit 1 in. diam., sub-spheroidal, mouth contracted, unenlarged lobes deltoid-ovate. 
 Petals pinkish-white. Nut pubescent. — The Gurjun oil tree. — Kanyin. 
 
 2. X>. vestitus, WalL Gat. 954; leaves elliptic obtuse at both ends, 
 margins sinuate-crenate and ciliate. 
 
 Tavox", Gomez. 
 
 Young branches compressed^ clothed in every part except the glabescent upper sur- 
 faces of the leaves with stellate canescence. Leaves 7 by 5 in., margins undulate, 
 lateral nerves 15 pairs; petiole 14 in. Racemes ahoMi 6-flowered. Calyx-tube obtusely 
 ol)couic ; lobes short, broadly deltoid, obtuse. — I have seen no fruit. 
 
 tt Young branches inmre or less Imiry, 
 
 3. D. obtusifolius, Teysm, in Miq. Ann, Mus, I 214 ; leaves broadly 
 
'2i)G XXV. dipterocarpetE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Diptcrocarpus 
 
 ovate obtuse sinuate-crenate, base rounded, fruit-wings 5 by 1 in. linear- 
 oblanceolate 1- or sub-3-nerved. A, DC. Piodr. xvi. 2, 608. 
 
 MouMiEiN and Rangoon, Griffith, &c. ; ascending 3000 ft., Brandis. — Distrib. Siam. 
 
 The compressHd young branches, stipules and petioles densely hairy. Leaves 8-9* 
 bv 4-5^ in., glabrous above, sol'tly pubescent beneath, margins undulate sometimes 
 ciliate, lateral nerves 12-14 pairs ; petioles I-I4 in. Calyx tube in fruit 1^ in. diam., 
 depressed spheroidal, mouth contracted, sparsely hispid, at length glabrous, unenlarged 
 lobes cordi'brm. Nat silkily pubescent. — Engnu. Kan. — In Indian specimens the mar- 
 gins of the leaves are smooth, in those from Siam, their upper surface is glabrescent. 
 A plant collected in Pegu by Kurz dififers ifi the stiffly -tomentose young parts, subobtuse 
 leaves, and acute fruit-wings. 
 
 4. I>. hispidus, Thwaites Enum. 33 ; leaves broadly elliptic-oblong 
 shortly acuminate base slightly cordate sinuate-crenate, fruit-wings 6 by 
 1^ in. linear-obovate obtuse, principal nerve with 3-4 strong ascending 
 branches. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608. 
 
 Ceylon ; SaflFragam District and Eatnapoora. 
 
 Youtig branches, stipules, petioles and the prominent reticulations on the under 
 surface of the leaves clothed with spreading rufous fascicled hairs. Leaven 6-12 by 
 34-7 inch. (25 by 11 on young trees), lateral nerves 15-24 pairs ; petiole 1-2^ in. Caliix- 
 tiibe obconic, densely pubosct-nt, in fruit ovoid, obscurely 5-angled, glabrescent. Nut 
 stiiate, glabrescent. — D. oblongifolius, Thvj. Enum. 33 {not of Blume). D. oblongus, 
 A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608, is said by Thwaites to have smaller leaves, but appears to 
 me in other respects indistinguishable. 
 
 5. D. pilosus, R()xh. Hort. Beng. 93; Ft. Ind. ii. 615 ; leaves elliptic- 
 oblong very shortly acuminate base acute or rounded margins with 
 fascicled cilia, fruit-wings 6-8| by li-l^ in. linear-oblong retnse usually 
 strongly 3-nerved glabrous. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 614. i). Biiudii, Korth. 
 
 Vevh. Nat, Gesck. Bot. 59, t. 5 ; Km^ in Journ. As. ISoc. Beng. 1870, il 65 ; 
 A. DC. Prodr. I.e. 609. 
 
 Assam, Oriffith; Pegu and Qmi^KQO^Q, Roxhurgh, &c. ; Andaman Isl., Kurz. — 
 Dl^sTRIB. Sumatra. 
 
 Compressed young branches, stipules and petioles densely hairy. Leaves 6-18 by 
 3-12 in., glabrous above, sparingly hairy on the reticulations beneath, lateral neivcs 
 24 pairs; petiole 1^-3 in. Cah/x-tuhe in fruit 2 in. hmg, ovoid or obovoid, glabrous, 
 mouth not contracted, unenlarged lobes orbicular. Nvt densely pube.'-cent. — An Assam 
 )»lant Collected by G. Mann has identical fruits but leaves 7 by 4 in., elliptic, acute, 
 case rounded, miuutely tawny-pubescent beneath. 
 
 6. Z>. crlnltus, Dyet\- leaves obovate acute margins entire slightly 
 recurved when dried fringed with sliort fascicled hairs, fruit-wings 
 (immature) 3| in. linear deltoid obtuse or acute 3-nerved. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 Young branches, petioles, prominent nerves on the under surface of the leaves and 
 pedicels clothed with long fascicled hairs. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3i in., coriaceous, thinly 
 hairy above especially on the midrib, lateral nei-ves 15-18 pairs; stipules glabrous 
 ex(;ept a few fascicled hairs on the dorsal nerve; petiole 1^-1^ in. Racemes about 
 6-tlowered. Caly.vtuhe obconic, glaucous, obovoid in immature Iruit, contracted below 
 the mouth, glabrous, unenlarged lobes broadly elliptic. 
 
 ** Calyx-tahe in fruit 5-angled or winged. 
 
 t Angles confined to tlie wpper j>ortion of ilie calyx-tube. 
 
 7. D. cornutus, Dyer ; leaves oblong rounded at both ends or tip 
 apiculate sinuate-crenate, calyx-tube in fruit tubercular-pentagonal above, 
 mouth contracted. 
 
Di2)terocarpus.\ xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 297 
 
 Malacca, Mnivgay. 
 
 Young branches compressed, canescent. Leaves 10-13 by 4-8 in., glabrous above, 
 canescent beneath, lateral nerves 19 pairs with a persistent intermediate plication ; petiole 
 2 in. ; stipules 4-6 in., canescent with scattsred fascicled hairs. Racemes 4-6 in., simple, 
 about 8-fiowered. Calyx-tube in fruit f in. long, glabrous, wings linear-spathulate. 
 
 8. D. tuberculatus, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 614 ; leaves cordiform acute 
 base cordate or truncate margins sinuate-crenate undulate, calyx-tube in 
 fruit pentangular-costate in its upper part, mouth contracted. A. DC. 
 Prodr. xvi. 2, 614. D. cordatiis, Wall. Cat. 956 j A. DC. l.c, 612. D. grandi- 
 folius, Teysm. m Miq. Ann. Mm. i. 214. 
 
 Chittagong, Boxhurgh ; Eangoon, McClelland ; Birmah, Wallich. — Distrib. Siam. 
 
 Young branches compressed, glabrous or canescent. Leaves 10-18 by 5-14 in., late- 
 ral nerves 15 pairs ; petiole 4-5 in. ; stipules 3-5 in. Bacemes 5-6 in., simple or 2-fid, 
 4-7-flowered. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Calyx-tube in fruit 1^ by 1 in., wings 
 4^-5 by lJ-1 1 in., linear-elliptic, obtuse, 3-nerved. — Enben. 
 
 Var. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 957 (sp.),revery part canescent, racemes 8 in. 9-flowered. 
 > — Attran. 
 
 1 could not agree with Kurz {Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 64, but corrected in 
 Begensb. Flora, 1872, 189), that the foliage of D. cordatus, Wall, (not cordifolvus, as 
 cited) is identical witli that of D. obtusifolius. Miquel describes the calyx-tube in fruit 
 as " exalatus ;" it does not appear however that he ever saw it mature. 
 
 ft Angles or wings prolonged to the base of the calyx-tuhe or nearly so. 
 a. Angles costate. 
 
 9. I>. zeylanicus, Thwaites Enum. 33 ; leaves elliptic or ovate-oblong 
 slightly apiculate base rounded margins faintly crenate, calyx-tube in fruit 
 urceolate. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 610. 
 
 Ceylon, ascending to 3000 feet. 
 
 Young branches, compressed, glabrous. Leaves 8 by 4 in., lateral nerves 17-22 pairs ; 
 petiole l|-2 in. . [Bacemes 2-fid near the base, 6-12-flo\vered. Thw.\ Petals blood- 
 red with pale yellowish margins. Calyx-tube in fruit 1 in. long; wings 5-7| in., linear- 
 oblong, obtuse, sub-3 nerved, unenlarged lobes |-1 in., ovate-oblong, obtuse. Nut densely 
 canescent. 
 
 /3. Angles winged. 
 
 10. D. scaber, Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 300; leaves oblong-ovate 
 acute base slightly cordate, racemes 4-9-flowered, calyx-tube in fruit 
 obovoid pilose angles with narrow membranous wings. D. alatus, A. DC. 
 I^rodr. xvi. 2, 611 in part, 7h')t of Roxh. 
 
 Ea.stern Bengal ; Mountains in Southern Tippera, Hamilton. 
 
 Clothed with brown fascicled hairs ; young branches subcompressed. L^eaves about 
 4 by 2 in., pilose on both surfaces, lateral nerves 12 pairs; petiole f in. Calyx-tube in 
 fruit f in., pilose, mouth contracted, fruit^wings 3 in., linear oblong obtuse. 
 
 11. D. g-landulosus, Thwaites Enum. 34; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate base acute margins slightly ciliate, racemes 2-3-flowered. flowers 
 shortly pediceiled (calyx-tube in fruit subglobose the angles with wings 
 broadest in the middle but not reaching to the pedicel. Thw.). A. DC. 
 Prodr. xvi. 2, 612. 
 
 Ceylon ; Saffragam and Ambagamowa districts, Thwaites. 
 
 The subcompressed young branches, petioles and stipules stellately puberulent and 
 thinly hairy. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2 i in., glabrous above, glandular-puberulous beneath, 
 lateral nerves 11 pairs; petiole f-1 in. [Fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 3-4 by % in. Thw.\ 
 Petals about 1^ in. long, yellow. 
 
298 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Dipterocarpus. 
 
 12. D. scabridus, Thwaites Enum. 34 ; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate 
 base rounded margins ciliate, calyx-tube in fruit subglobose with distant 
 stellate hairs angles with undulate wings \ in. wide reaching to the pedicel. 
 A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 612. 
 
 Ceylon ; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. 
 
 Young branches, petioles, and the under surface of the midrib with appressed hairs. 
 Leaves about 7 by 2f-3 in., glabrous above, glabrescent beneath except on the midrib 
 and nerves, lateral nerves 12-15 pairs ; petiole f in. Fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 4 by 1 in. 
 linear-lanceolate, obtuse. 
 
 13. Z>. alatus, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 614 ; leaves ovate or 
 ellif)tic acute, calyx-tube in fruit globose angles with wings | in. broad. 
 Wall. Cat. 953; A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 611 in part D. costatus, Gitrin.f. 
 Fruct. iii. 50, t. 187 (bad). D. gonopterus, 2'urcz in Mosc. Bull. 1863, 576 ; 
 A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 612. Oleoxylon bdsamiferum, Wall. Cat. p. 157. 
 
 CmTTAGONG, BiRMA, Tenasperim, Andaman Islanus. — DisTRiB. Siam. 
 
 Young branches compressed, pubescent. Leaves 54 by 3 in., shining above, more or 
 less pubescent beneath, margins ciliate, latt-ral nerves 15 pairs; petiole li in., softly 
 pnbescent-haiiy ; stipules pilose, liacemes abont 7-tlo\vered. Cahjx-tuhe in fruit 1 in, 
 diam., smooth, IVuit-wings (calyx lobes) 4-5 by 1 in., linear-ovate or spathulate, obtuse, 
 3 nerved , unenlarged lobes orbicular. — Kan\in. — Gaertnei's figure is bad as is show n by 
 Hamilton's specinn^s in the Bank^ian Herbarium, from which it appears to have been 
 drawn ; bis specific name suits the drawing, but is inapplicable lo the species. I have 
 therefore adopted Roxburgh's. 
 
 14. I>. incanus, Roxb. Hort. Benq. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 614; leaves ovate 
 obtuse. W. d' A, Frodr. 84; A. DC. Frodr, xvi. 2, 611. 
 
 Chittaoong, Boxhurgh; Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 Young parts and compressed branches softly hairy-pubescent. Leaves 6 by 4i 
 in., thinly pubescent on both surfaces, margins ciliate, lateral nerves 12 pairs, pubescent 
 beneath ; petiole 2 in., softly pubescent. Culyx-tvhe (in flower) softly pubescent, strongly 
 winged. 
 
 15. D. insigrnis, Thwaites Ennm. 34; leaves ovate apiculate base obtuse, 
 jflowers subse.ssile, calyx-tube in fruit narrowly ovoid, angles with wings 
 \ in. wide mouth scarcely contracted, fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) with one 
 principal nerve. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 612. 
 
 ' Ceylon ; Saflfragam district, Thwaites. 
 
 Young bran hes densely pubescent ultimately glabrescent. Leaves 4-6 by 2^-3 in. 
 glabrous above, pubtscent or glabrous on the nerves ueneath, margins sinuaie-crenate, 
 lateral nerves 11 pairs; petiole i-f in., silky-pubescent, finally transversely rugose, 
 liacemes 3-5 flowered. FloweTs\Ar^Q. Fetals'l\ in. long, yellow on the inner, reddish 
 on the outer margin. Calyx tube in fruit abcut 1 in. long ; immature fruit-wings 
 (cal} x-lobes) 2|-f in., linear-oblong, obtuse. 
 
 16. D. pteryg-o calyx, Scheff. Qbs. Fhyt. ii. 35 ; leaves elliptic ovate or 
 oblong-ovate shortly and abruptly acuminate base truncate, calyx-tube in 
 fruit ovoid angles with wings nearly \ in. wide mouth slightly contracted, 
 fruit wings (calyx-lubes) sub-3-nerved central nerve prominent. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Banca. 
 
 Y'oung branches subcompressed with deciduous canescence. Leaves 4-10 by 3-5 in., 
 glabrous on both surfaces, margins sinuate-crenate and undulate, lateral nerves about 
 18 pairs, rather remote ; petiole 2-3 in. ; stipules pale, glabrous. Racemes about 
 5-flowered. Calyx-tube in fruit 2 in. long, glabrous; fruit-wings 7 by 1^-2 in., linear- 
 oblong, obtuse, unenlarged lobes broadly ovate or orbicular. 
 
Bipterocarpus.] xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 209 
 
 17. D. G-riffithii, Miq. Ann. Mm. Bot. i. 213 ; leaves ovate acute base 
 rounded, calyx-tube in fruit oblong ovoid angles with wings fully \ in. 
 wide mouth uncontracted, fruit-wings with 3 parallel approximate nerves. 
 A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 612. D. grandiflorus, Griff. Notul. iv. 515, not of Wall. 
 
 Mergui, Griffith; South Andaman Island, Kurz. 
 
 Young brancTies subcompressed, canescent. Leaves 6 by 4 in., glabrous on both sur- 
 faces, lateral nerves about 13 pairs; petiole 2-2^ in.,; stipules canescent. Racemes 
 3-4-flowered. Calyx-tube in fruit 2-3 in. long; fruit- wings (calyx-lobes) 5^-6 by 
 1-lf in., linear-spathulate, obtuse, sparingly reticulate, une.ilarged lobes broadly del- 
 toid. — Distinguished from D. pterygocali/x by the distinctly 3-nerved calyx- wings, and 
 the unenlarged calyx-lobes not being contracted at the base. J). Motleyanits, Hook, f., 
 from Borneo, is closely allied. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 D. angustifolius, W. & A. Prodr. 84 ; D. costatus, Booib. Fl. Ind. ii. 613 {not of 
 Gcertn.). — Chittagong. 
 
 2. ANCISTROCXiADUS, Wall. 
 
 Smooth climbing shrubs with short supra-axillary often arrested and 
 circinately hooked branches. Leaves usually in terminal tufts, coriaceous, 
 entire, reticulately feather-veined ; stipules small, caducous or incon- 
 spicuous. Flowers usually small, very caducous, in terminal or lateral 
 panicles. Calyx-tube at first very short, adnate to the base of the ovaiy 
 with imbricate lobes, finally turbinate and adnate to the fruit with the lobes 
 unequally enlarged, spreading and membranous. IStamens 5 or 10, subpe- 
 rigynous. Ovary 1-celled, inferior ; styles 3, articulated to a rounded or 
 sliortly cylindrical epigynous disk ; ovule solitary, erect or laterally affixed. 
 Seed subglobose, testa prolonged into the ruminations of the copious fleshy 
 albumen ; embryo short, straight ; cotyledons sliort, divergent. — Distrib. 
 Except A. guineensisiii W. Tropical Africa confined to Tropical Asia and the 
 Indian Archipelago. Species about 10. 
 
 * Leaves less than 4 times as long as wide, 
 t Stamens 5. 
 
 1. A. Vahlii, Am. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xviii. pt. i. 325. Thw. in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc. xxi. 233, t. 24. Wormia hamata, Vahl in Scrift. Nat. Selsk. 
 Kjobenk. 6, 105. 
 
 Ceylon ; Central and Southern part, ascending to 2000 ft. 
 
 Leaves 4 by 1-lJ in., sessile, cuneate-oblanceolate, obtuse. Panicle about twice 2- 
 chotomous ; divivsions slender. Calyx-tube finally 4 in- long, exceeding the fruit, obconic, 
 pentangular ; enlarged lobes 1 in. long, oblong obtuse, obscurely parallel-nerved. 
 
 ft Stamens 10. 
 
 2. A. extensus, Wall. Cat. 1052 (1) ; panicle repeatedly 2-chotomous, 
 divisions divaricate recurved, calyx-tube equalling the flat-topped fruit not 
 furrowed, lobes slightly decurrent. Planck, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3rd ser. xiii. 
 318. Ancistrolobus sp.. Griff. Notul. iv. 568 ; Ic. t. 605, fig. ii. 
 
 Pegu and Tenasserim, Wallich, Hdfer, &c. 
 
 Leaves 5-12 by 2-34 ^"v sessile, obovate-oblong, subobtuse or acute, narrowed below. 
 Bracts ovate, acute. Calyx-lobes 1^ in. long, cuneate-obovate with about 3 sub- 
 parallel nervuies. 
 
 3. A. Keyueanus, Wall. Cat. 7262 ; panicle about twice 2-chotomous, 
 calyx-tube furrowed exceeded by the conical apex of the fruit, lobes not 
 decurrent. WiglU Ic. 1987-88; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 602. 
 
300 XXV. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Tliiselton Dyer.) [Ancistrocladus, 
 
 Western Pemnsula ; from the Concan to Travancor. 
 
 Leaves 6-11 by 2-3 in., sessile, elliptic-oblong, subacute, rather abruptly narrowed 
 below, lateral veins remote and inc<inspicuoiis with loose reticulations between. Enlarged 
 calyx-lobes in fruit 1{ in., spathulate, with numerous subparallel nervules. 
 
 4. A, pinang'ianus, Wall. Cat. 1054 ; panicle repeatedly 2-diotomous, 
 divisions slender, calyx-tube furrowed exceeded by the conical apex of the 
 fruit lobes decurrent. Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 318 ; A. DC. 
 Prodr. xvi. 2, 603. 
 
 Pexang, Porter; Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib, Banca. 
 
 Leaves 5-11 by 2-34 i^^-i sessile, obovate-oblong, subobtuse, rather abruptly narrowed 
 below, upper surface faintly reticulate. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx-lobes obloug- 
 cuaeate, obtuse, sparingly nerved. 
 
 ** Leaves more than 4 times as long as wide. 
 
 5. A. Wallichii, Planch, in Ann. *bc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 319 ; panicle ter- 
 minal or on short slender lateral branchlets 2-3 times 2-chotomous, bracts 
 solitary ovate acute denticulate. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 602. A. extensus? 
 in jjait Wall. Cat. 1052 (2). A. stelligerus, Wall. Cat. 1053 ; A. DC. I.e. 603. 
 
 Pegu and Tenasserim, Wallich, &c. Silhet, Da SUva. Chittaoong, H.f. & T. 
 
 Branches tortuous. Leaves 9-12 by 1^-14 and 10-13 by 2-3 in., sessile, linear or 
 linear-elliptic, obtusely acuminate or acute, gradually narrowed to the subauricled base, 
 lateral veins remote, midrib prominent beneath. Panicle about 3 in. long. Eularged calyx- 
 lobes in fruit subequal, about ^ in. long, oblong-ovate, obtuse, spreading. — PlanclK)n mis- 
 took the lateral branchlets in imperfect specimens for peduncles. To this species I 
 refer foliage specimens collected by Drs. Hooker and Thomson in Chittagong. 
 
 6. A. Grlffithii, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 318 ; panicle ter- 
 minal repeatedly 2chotonious divisions ascending slender tiexuous, bracts 
 in pairs linear acute. 
 
 Tknasserim, Griffith, Heifer. 
 
 Branches tortuous. Leaves 7-9 by 1-1 ^ in., jinear-obovate, obtusely acuminate, 
 tapering below into a flat petiole about J in. long. Panicle about 7 in. long. 
 
 7. A. attenuatus, Dyer; panicle terminal repeatedly 2-chotomous 
 with stout divaricate divisions the ultimate ones recurved, bracts solitary, 
 deltoid acute. 
 
 Tenasserim and Andaman Islands, Heifer {Kew Distrib. 724). 
 
 Leaves 12-15 by \\-\% in., cuneate-linear, sessile, gradually acuminate, midrib pro- 
 minent, lateral nerves remote and inconspicuous. Calyx-tube in fruit furrowed, 2 lobes 
 enlarged, f in. long, narrowly elliptic, obtuse, the rest half as long. 
 
 A. 8AGITTAT08, Wall. Cat. 1055, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 603, is a Tetramerista. 
 
 .3. AMZSOFTERA, Korth. 
 
 Resinous trees. Leaves coriaceous, entire, feather-veined and finely reti- 
 culate ; stipules small, fugacious or inconspicuous. Flowers in lax terminal 
 panicles. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the base of the ovary, segments 
 imbricate, then subvalvate. Stamens go ; anthers ovoid with a long subulate 
 connective, outer valves larger. Ovary 3- (rarely 4-5-) celled ; style fleshy, 
 ovoid or oblong, with an attenuate 3-5-fid apex ; ovules 2 in each cell. 
 Capsvle adnate to the calyx-tube, indehiscent, 1 -seeded, crowned by the 
 accrescent calyx-segments, of which 2 form linear wings. Cotyledons fleshy, 
 
Anisoptera,] xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 301 
 
 unequal ; radicle superior,— Distrib. Malay Peninsula, and Archipelago to 
 New Guinea. Species about 5. 
 
 1. A. oblong-a, Di/er. 
 
 Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 Twigs with smooth pale bark, young parts sparingly furfuraceous with fascicled hairs. 
 Leaves S^-o by l|-2 in., oblong, or oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, base rounded, 
 shining above, minutely impress-punctate beneath; lateral nerves 18 pairs; petiole 1 in.'; 
 stipules pubescent. Panicle about 5 in, long. Cah/x-tabe in fruit ^ in, long ; wings 
 4 in., linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, with 3 oblique, parallel, unequally prominent nerves. 
 
 A. GLABRA, Kurz ms. (a native of Birma) is only known to me from the fruit. The 
 wings are 6 by f in., and the triple nerves are not oblique and are equally prominent. 
 
 4. VATICA, Linn. 
 
 Small or moderate-sized resinous trees. Leaves coriaceous, entire, feather- 
 vei?ied and finely reticulate ; stipules small, fugacious or inconspicuous. 
 Flowers in axillary and terminal panicles, usually tomentose before ex- 
 pansion. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the base of the ovary ; segments 
 somewhat acute, imbricate then subvalvate. Stamens 15 ; anthers oblong, 
 external valves larger, connective apiculate. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, 
 subulate or apex clavate or capitate, stigma entire or 3-toothed ; ovules 2 in 
 each cell. Capsule leathery, 3-valved (or indehiscent?), 1-2-seeded, supported 
 by the spreading accrescent calyx, two segments of which often expand into 
 linear wings. Cotyledons fleshy.— Distrib. Tropical Asia and Indian Archi- 
 pelago. Species about 25. 
 
 Sect. I. Euvatica. Benth. <k Hook. Fruiting-calyx with 2 wing-like 
 segments. 
 
 1. V. grandiflora, Dyer; leaves 5-8 in. long oblong or oblong-lanceolate 
 shortly acuminate base rounded lateral nerves 12-15 pairs, petiole | in. 
 Hopea grandiflora. Wall. Cat. 958 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi, 2, 634. Synaptea 
 odorata, Griff. Notul. iv. 516, t. 585 A. f. 5, fde Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 
 Btng. 1870, ii, 65. S. grandiflora, Kurz., I.e. Anisoptera odorata, Kurz in 
 Megensb. Flora, 1872, 190. 
 
 Martaban, Tenasserim, and Singapore, Wallich, &c. 
 
 Young parts densely furfuraceous with tawmy fascicled hairs. Leaves 2-2i in. broad. 
 Panicles i-i the length of the leaves. Calyx-segments oblong, acute. Petals with pale 
 brown tomentum ex'ernally in bud, pink. Ovary tomentose; stigma capitate, 3-lobed. 
 Fruit-wings 2| by 4 in., linear-oblanceolate, abruptly contracted below, 5-nerved, 
 
 2. V. fag'inea, Dyer ; leaves about 4| in. long elliptic-oblong subobtuse 
 base tapering or rounded lateral nerves about 10 pairs, petiole ^ in. Hopea 
 faginea, Wall. Cat. 963. 
 
 Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith, Heifer. 
 
 A bush or small tree ; the young parts with pale tomentum. Leaves 14-2 in. broad. 
 Panicles lax, 4~§ the length of the leaves, occasionally contracted. Calyx-segments 
 obhmg-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals tomentose externally in bud, blood-red. Fruit-wings 
 14-21^ by I in., linear-elliptic or -lanceolate, base more or less contracted, ^-nerved. — 
 Not sharpl} distinguished from V. gran^ijlora except by the difference in fables and 
 the smaller loliage. 
 
 .3. V. scaphula, Dyer ; leaves 4-6^ in. long elliptic-oblong apex shortly 
 acuminate or obtuse base rounded laterrd nerves about 16, petiole |-1| in. 
 Hopea scaphula, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Flor. hid. ii. 611. 
 
302 XXV. DiPTEROCARPEiE.. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Vatiea. 
 
 Chittagong coast at Mascal Island, Roxb. 
 
 A tree ; twigs pale brown, glabrous, vonng parts with pale grey tomentum. Leaves 
 lf-2| in. broad, glabrous on both surfaces, paler beneath, midrib prominent. Panicle 
 6 in. ; pedicels ^ in. Flowers f in. diam. Calyx-segments with dense hairy tomentum. 
 Petals glabrescent externally, white. 
 
 4. V. KCaingrayl, Dyer ; leaves about 3^-5 in. long oblong or oblong- 
 obovate abruptly acuminate base rounded, lateral nerves 12 pairs, petiole 
 I- If in. 
 
 Malacca, Maivgay. 
 
 Young parts with rusty furfuraceous tomentum. Leaves lJ-2 in. broad. Panicles 
 rather dense, fully ^ shorter than the leaves. Cahjx-seyments oblong-lanceolate. Fruit- 
 wings 2 by ^ in., linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, scarcely contracted at the base. 
 
 5. V. Kelferl, Dyer ; leaves 4^-5^ in. long oblong obtuse base cordate 
 under surface cluthed with minut^ tomentose cauescence lateral nerves. 
 12 pairs, petiole \ in. 
 
 Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Heifer. 
 
 Young parts of inflorescence and pedicels with pale-brown soft pnberulence. Leaver 
 2^-3 in. broad, midrib and veins rather proiuiiicnt beneath. Panidea about 6 in., ter- 
 minal, narrow. Calyx and petals in bud clothed with silky pubescence. Fruit un- 
 known. 
 
 Sect II. Zsauxis, Am. Fruiting-calyx with equal segments. 
 
 6. V. lanceaefolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 31 ; young parts pnlvendent 
 but soon glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate base tapering paler 
 beneath lateral nerves 15 pairs, ascending. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, fil8. 
 V. canaca, Ham. in Wall. Cot. 4405 B. Vateria lanceolaria, Roxh. Hart. 
 Bevci. 42 1 V. lanceaefolia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 601 ; Wi(jht Hi. i. 88. V. lanceo- 
 lata, Roxh. [hy error), W. <k A. Prodr. 84 ; Wall. Cat. 4405. Ketinodendron 
 lanceaefolium, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesck. Bot. 50. Seidlia lanceaefolia, Kodel^ 
 ally, tiled, pharm. Flora 1945 {fix DC. Prodr.). 
 
 Eastern Himalaya and Eastern Bengal and Silhet, Wallich; Khasia Mts. 
 Assam and Bhotan, Griffith, &c. 
 
 A middle-sized tree. Leaves 7-11 by 2-2 i in. ; petiole i in. Panicles | the length 
 of the leaves. Flowers fragrant. Cahjx-st gments ovate, acute. Petals | in., cuneate 
 white. Ovary pubescent ; stigma clavate, 3-toothed. Capsule ovoid. 
 
 7. V. Rozburg'hiana, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 31, t. 7 ; young parts with 
 lepidote cauescence, leaves lanceolate acute base rounded or retuse, lateral 
 nerves 10 pairs. Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 214 ; Thwaites Enum. 404; A. DC. 
 Prodr. xvi. 2, 618. V. chinensis, Linn. ; Smith Ic. ined. t. 36 ; DC. Prodr. 
 i. 517. Vateria Roxburghiana, Wight III. i. 88; Ic. t. 26. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from Canara southwards. Ckylon, Thwaites. 
 
 Leaves 4i-8i by lJ-3 in. ; petiole 1 i-2 in. Panicles axillary, ^-i the length of the 
 leaves. Calyx-segments ovate-deltoid, acute, in fruit nearly % in long, lanceolate 
 {Stigma 6-dentate, Blume) Capsule ovoid, ultimately globose, 3-sulcate. — A frag- 
 mentary specimen collected by Griffith at Mogoung, Birma, appears to belong to this 
 species. 
 
 8. V, pallida, Dyer; young parts hoary, leaves narrowly elliptic or 
 linear-elliptic or oblanceolate cordate-acuminate base acute or obtuse 
 lateral nerves about 9 ascending curved midrib prominent above. 
 
 Penang, Maingay. 
 
 A small tree, twigs slender, slightly fiexuose, pale-barked. Leaves J>-1 by 1-2 in. 
 
Vatica.] XXV. dipterocarpe^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 303 
 
 olive-coloured, shining above, pale and opaque beneath; petiole ^ in., thickened. 
 Panicles 1-1 i in., mostly axillary. Cahix-seij merits narrowly-deltoid, acute, at len:^th 
 deflexed, pubescent. Petals pubescent externally. Anthers apiculate. Ovary pubes- 
 cent; style 2^^ in., stigma capitate, lobulate. Fruit unknown. — ^Notwithstanding the 
 deflexed calyx this species appears to find its most natural position here. 
 
 9. V, affinls, Thwaites Enum. 404 ; young parts nigrescent nearly- 
 glabrous, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate base rounded 
 lateral nerves about 6 pairs ascending curved, midrib prominent above. 
 A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 619. Isauxis Roxburghiana, Tkwaites Enum. 37, not 
 of Wight. 
 
 C'Ei'LON ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 4^-5.^ by 2-3 in., both surfaces glabrous, shining above, paler 
 beneath; petiole 1 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, ^-\ the length of the leaves; 
 pedicels and buds pubescent. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, in fruit ovate 3-nerved. 
 
 10. V. scabriuscula, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620; young parts with 
 tawny stellate pubescence, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate 
 base obtuse lateral nerves about 25 pairs spreading the alternate ones 
 fainter. Vateria (Stemonoporus) scabriuscula, Thwaites Enum. 404. 
 
 Ceylon ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thivaites. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 4:^^-bh by \\-2 in., on young shoots 11 by 2^ in., glabrous 
 above, scabrid beneath, midrib channelled above, very prominent beneath ; petiole 
 J-f in. Liflorescence axillary and terminal, racemose ; bracts caducous, ovate, acute, 
 palely tomentuse. Anthers with a few scattered hairs. Style cyhndric, slender, trun- 
 cate. — I have only seen immature flowers of this, but the anthers perfectly agree with 
 Vatica and are unhke those of Vateria. 
 
 11. V. ? disticlia, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620 ; young twigs with minute 
 tawny appressed pubescence, leaves oblong strongly acuminate base 
 rounded, lateral nerves about 10 faint ascending. Vateria (Stemonoporus) 
 disticlia, Thwaites Enum. 404. 
 
 Ceylon ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 5 by 1^-2 in., glabrous above, glabrescent beneath, coriaceous, 
 lateral nerves slightly prominent, midrib channelled above ; petiole \ in. Panicles 
 axillary and terminal, imbricate-bracteate when young; bracts ^ in., distichous, ovate, 
 ciliate, the lowest with appressed fulvous pubescence, the uppermost glabrous. — The 
 stamens appear to agree with Vatica, and according to De Candolle are apiculate. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 v.? (Isauxis) cordifolia, Thw. Enum. 4:04: and 39 {Monoporandra). Foliage only 
 known. Leaves b-l\ by 2-4 in., oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute, base obliquely cor- 
 date, lateral nerves about 7 pairs ; petiole ^-f in — Ceylon ; Atakalan Corle, Thwaites. 
 
 5. SKOREA, Roxb. 
 
 Glabrous, mealy, or pubescent resinous trees. Leaves entire or subrepand, 
 feather- veined, with the intermediate reticulations often inconspicuous ; 
 stipules large coriaceous and persistent, or minute and fugacious. Flowers 
 in axillary or terminal lax cymose panicles ; bracts persistent, caducous or 
 0. Calyx-tiihe very short, adnate to the receptacle ; segments ovate or 
 lanceolate, imbricate. Stamens 15 or 20-100 ; anthers ovate or oblong, 
 rarely linear ; connective subulate-cuspidate, rarely inappendiculate ; valves 
 obtuse, rarely cuspidate, equal or the outer slightly larger. Ovary 
 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; style subulate, stigma entire or 3-toothed. Capsule 
 leathery, indehiscent (or 2-valved ?), usually 1-seeded, closely surrounded 
 
S04 XXV. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Tliiselton Dyer.) [Shorea. 
 
 by the bases of the accrescent calyx-segments 3 or more rJirely all of which 
 are developed into 10-veined linear wings. Cotifledons tle?hy, unequal, 
 usually inclosing the superior radicle. Distrib. — Tropical Asia and Indian 
 Archipelago ; species about 40. 
 
 Sect. I. Fentacme. A. DC. Anthers linear, valves cuspidate. 
 
 1. S. siamensis, 3fiq. Ann. Mm. Bot. i. 214; A. DC. Prodr. xvu 
 2,631. Pentacme suavis, ^. i)C. I.e. 626. P. siamensis, Kurz in Journ, 
 Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1870; 2, 66. Hopea (Shorea?) suava, Wall. Cat. 959. 
 
 Martaban, Wallich; Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Lobh; Pegu, Kurz. — Distrib. 
 Si am, 
 
 A shrub 10 ft., leafless during^inflorescence; branchlets with smooth greyish bark. 
 Leaves 5-6 by 3 -4 in., oblnn:^ or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, base truncate or 
 cordate, glabrous above and beneath, lateral nerves 15 pairs, scarcely prominent ; 
 petiole 1-1 i in. Panicles 6-9 in., axillary ami terminal, lax, branches divaricate; 
 pedicels \ in. Plowcrs sweet-scented. Cah/.r segments ^ in., ovate, acute, glabrous, 
 niarfrins ciliolate. Petals /n- in., pale citron colour. Stamens 15, filaments very short ; 
 anthers J in. long, lobes slii^htly unequal, connective with a subulate prolongation, ulti- 
 mately bent outwards. Style ^\ in., filiform. Capsule indehiscent, ovoid ; pedicel 
 dilated; bases of fruiting calyx-segments ovate, thickened, glabrous; wings 3 in., 
 linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 7-nerved. — Of Ht>pea suavis, Kurz, Andamans Report, I 
 have only seen leaves. They do not belong to this species. 
 
 Sect. II. Ajithers oblong, valves obtuse. 
 ♦ Stamens 12-15. 
 
 2. S. stellata, Dyer; cal)rx-segraents equally developed into wings or 
 2 slightly shorter. Parashorea stellata, Karz in Jouni. Asiat. Soc. Seng. 
 1870, 2, 66. 
 
 Martaban, Brandis; Birma, Kurz. 
 
 A large glabrous tree. Leaves 4J by IJ in., ovate or lanceolate, acute or apiculate. 
 Fhicers in panicles of cymose racemes, white, (^apfiule f in. Ions:, obovoid, tawny- 
 tonieiitos*^ ; wings 4i by f in., linear-oblanceolafe, ohtuse, tapering to a very ob- 
 scurely dilated base ^ in. long, strongly 7-nerved, puberulous. — The subequal accrescence 
 of the sepals occurs also in S. robu^ta, and appears to me of no value as a generic 
 distinction. 
 
 ** Stanie7is 15. 
 
 t Flowers pedicelled. 
 
 3. S. floribunda, Kurz, ms ; leaves rather narrowly-oblong shortly 
 acuminate, panicles terminal or lateral from the axils of fallen leaves, 
 flowers rather crowded, calyx-segments narrowly deltoid-ovate glabrous 
 dark-coloured. S. robusta, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628 {not of Goertn.). Hopea 
 floribunda, Wall. Cat. 964. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez. 
 
 Glabrous; branchlets with pale brown bark. Leaves about 3.J by 1-lJ in., hardly 
 mature at the time of flowering, base rounded ; lateral nerves about 15-20 pairs ; petiole 
 ^-f in. Ptdtcels i in. Floicers rather larger than in S. Talura. Calyx-segments 
 glabrous, ciliolate. Anthers with a very long seta. — Fruit unknown, but this and the 
 next species are evidently clo.sely allied. It has nothing to do with S. robusfa, to which 
 A. De Candolle can have referred it only through some contusion of specimens. 
 
 4. S. Talura, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 618 ; leaves elliptic or 
 oblong to ovate- elliptic, panicles terminal or lateral from the axils of fallen 
 
Shorea.] xxv. dipterocarpe^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 305 
 
 leaves lax, calyx segments deltoid linear glabrous not dark coloured. 
 S. laccifera, Heyne ex Wall. Cat. 967; A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 630. S. Rox- 
 burgliii, Don Gen. Syst. i. 813. S. robusta, Roth. nov. sp. 221 {not of 
 Gwrtn.). Vatica laccifera, W.& A. Prodr. 84 ; Wight. Ic. 164. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; forests of Mysore and Malabar. 
 
 Glabrous, except the pubescent buds ; branchlets with smooth pale brown bark. 
 Leaves 3^-4^ by 2-2J in., acute or retuse and mucronulate, base rounded or emar- 
 ginate, margins undulate, lateral nerves about 12-15 pairs; petiole ^-1 in. Pedicels 
 4 in. Flowers 1 in. diam., pinkish white. Calyx-segments glabrous, margins ciliolate. 
 Anthers with a long seta. Bases of fruiting calyx-segments | in. long, obovate ; 
 wings 3 by | in., elliptic-linear, obtuse, with about 10 slender parallel nerves. — Yields 
 a kind of lac. 
 
 tt Flowers sessile or nearly so. 
 
 5. S. leprosula,'if{5. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. L 487 ; leaves oblong very 
 shortly acuminate, panicles terminal or axillary, branches small unilateral 
 racemose, calyx-segments ovate pubescent. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 631. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Di.strib. Sumatra. 
 
 Young parts and under surface of the leaves densely tawny-puberulous. Leaves about 
 4-5 by 1|-2| in., shining above, lateral nerves about 14 pairs, prominent beneath; 
 petiole 4 iri' Panicle about 4 in. Flowers sessile. Anthers cuspidate. {Ooary 
 glabrous; style filiform, stigma urceolate. Maingay.) {Fruit-wings spathulate obtuse. 
 Miq.) 
 
 6. S. parvifolia, Dyer; leaves oblong-elliptic to ovate-acuminate, 
 panicles terminal lax, flowers with deciduous bracts, calyx-segments ovate 
 pubescent. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Young parts hoary, puberulous. Leaves 2-2 J by 1-14 i°-> I'^'Se rounded, glabrescent 
 beneath, lateral nerves about 15 pairs; petiole \ in. Panicles about 5 in. Flowers 
 sessile, 4 or 5 together ; bracts fully ^ in. long, broadly elliptic, obtuse. {Petals \ in. 
 long. Anthers apiculate. Ovary pilose ; style slender, shorter than the ovary, stigma 
 scarcely lobed. Maingay.) Fruit unknown. 
 
 7. S. acuminata, Dyer ; leaves ovate to lanceolate strongly acuminate, 
 panicles terminal lax, branches unilateral, bracts very fugacious, calyx- 
 segments ovate pubescent. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Young parts tavsrny-puberulous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 i"-> l^^se rounded or emar- 
 ginate, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves about 8 pairs, scarcely 
 prominent; petiole h, in. Panicles about 6 in. long, with tufts of enlarged bracts occa- 
 sionally terminating the branches. Floivers sessile, {Petals ^% in. long. Anthers 
 shortly appendiculate. Ovary minutely pilose, tapering into the short filiform style, 
 fttigma minutely lobed. Maingay.) Fruit unknown, 
 
 8. S. bracteolata, Dyer ; leaves more or less narrowly oblong-elliptic 
 shortly acuminate, panicles terminal lax, branches flexuose, flowers each 
 with a pair of bracts, calyx-segments narrowly deltoid puberiilous. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Young parts glabrescent. Leaves ^\-h\ by 14-2 J in., base roimded, glabrous on both 
 surfaces, lateial nerves 12-15 pairs, scarcely prominent; petiole 4-* ^^- Panicles 
 6-9 in. long. Flowers subsessile ; bracts ^ in. long, elliptic-lanceolate. Calyx 
 segments \ in. long. /Stamens cuspidate. Stigma simple. Bases of fruiting calyx 
 segments 4 in. long, ovate with 3 gibbosities at the bottom; wings 34 % 4 ^''^•j hnear 
 subacute, with 9 parallel nerves, 
 
 VOL. I. X 
 
306 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Tliiselton Dyer.) [Shorea. 
 
 * Stamens ^0-^. 
 
 9. S. robusta, Gcertn. f. Fruct. iii. 48, t. 186; leaves ovate-oblong 
 acuminate base cordate glabrous lateral nerves about 12 pairs, panicles 
 terminal or axillary lax, stamens 50. Moxb. Fl. hid. ii. 615; Cor. PL iii. 
 312 ; Wall. Cat. 9(^5 ; A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 628 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 4. 
 Vatica robusta, Steud. Nam. Ed. 2. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, and along its base from Assam to the Sutlej. Eastern districts 
 of Centkal India, Western Bengal hili.s. 
 
 A very large tree, but often occuiring in a stunted form. Leave* 6-10 by 4-6 in. ; 
 petiole |-1 in. ; stipules \ in., falcate, pubescent. Paidcles 5-9 in. long, clothed as 
 well as the flowers with pale velvety pubescence, branches unilateral, .racemose. 
 Flowers subse.shile. Petals about { in. long, pale yellow, tapering upwards, 12-13- 
 rerved. Antlters with a bearded appendage. Ovary pubescent ; stigma 3-deniiculate. 
 Fruitivg-calyx with the segments sometimes subequal, bases ^ in., ovate, pubescent; 
 wings 24 in., linear, obtuse, 10-nerved. — The Sal tree; the wood is very generally used 
 in Bengal and it ranks next to teak ; the resin-dammer is extensively used as a sub- 
 stitute for pitch. 
 
 10. S. obtusa, WalL Cat. 966 ; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong obtuse 
 base obtoise or en)arginate pubescent on the nerves and in their axils 
 beneath lateral nerves about 15 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens 20-25. 
 Blume Mas. Bot. ii. 32, t. 8; A.JJC Frodr. xvi. 2, 629. S. leucobotrya, 
 Mi/ji. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 215. Vatica obtusa, Steud. Novi. Ed. 2. 
 
 Martaban, WuUieh; PEac, M'Clelland, &c. ; Tenasserim, at Mouhnein, Heifer. — 
 DiaTRiB. 8iam. 
 
 Leaves 4-6 by 1^-3 in., often un^-ymmetrical, glabrescent above, subrepand; petiole 
 4-J in. Panicles 2-4 in. long, clothod as well as the (lowers with hoary pubescence, 
 racemose. Flowers subsessile. Pttalt ^l^ in. long. Anthers with a bearded appen- 
 dage. Ovary pubescent. Banes of the sigments of the fridtiny-cahjx ^ in. long, rather 
 shorter than the pubescent capsule, ovate-oblong, pubescent ; wings 2 4 by 4 in- liuear- 
 oblanceolate, glabrescent, 9-nerved. 
 
 11. S. serlcea, Dyer ; leaves elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate scabrous 
 beneath lateral nerves about 20 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens 50, 
 anthers inappendiculate. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A very large d am nier-p reducing tree (Maivgay) ; young parts, nerves of the leaves 
 beneath and inflorescence covered with ru^ty meal intermixed with fascicles of short 
 hairs. Leaves 44-7 by 1|-2| in., polished above, lateral nerves very prominent be- 
 neath; petiole i-J in- Panicles about 6 in. long, ultimate branches racemose, uni- 
 lateral. Ftotr£rs sessile; buils cloihed with tawny silky hairs. Anthers with the lobes^ 
 subequal. Stigma 3-lobed. Frviting-calyx with immature accrescent segments, clothed 4 
 m\ both surfaces with soft yellow down. 
 
 12. S. Tumbug-^aia, Foxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 617; leaves 
 ovate or oblong-conliform acuminate base truncate or emarginate glabrous 
 on both surfaces lateral nerves about 8 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens 
 about 30. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 630 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. 26. 
 S. penicillata, A. DC. I.e. 630. Vatica Tumbuggaia, W. i: A. Frodr. 84 ; 
 Wight Ic. t. 27. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; forests of Cudapah and Palghaut in Mysore, Wtr/ht, &c. 
 
 A gigantic dammer-producing tree. Leaves 24-8 by 14-4i in. {Beddome) ; petiole 
 1-2 in. Panicles 8 in. long, hoary or nearly glabrous. Flowers shortly .pedicelled ; 
 buds densely hoary. Anthers with a hairy appendage. Stigma 3-lobulate. Capsule f in. 
 long, ovoid, acuminate, pubescent above; bases of fruiting calyx-segments 4 in. long, 
 ©vate, hoary ; wings ll-lf by J in., spathulate, obtuse, 8-10-nerved. — There can be no 
 
Shorea.] xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer,) . 307 
 
 doubt as to the identity of this species. Koxburgh states the number of stamens to be 
 100, but this is clearly an error. 
 
 13. S.^oblongrifolia, Thwaites Enum.. 36 ; leaves oblong shortly acu- 
 minate base truncate or emarginate both surfaces glabrous^ lateral nerves 
 about 15 pairs, panicles terminal or axillary, stamens 80-100. A. DC. 
 Prodr. xvi. 2, 629. 
 
 Ceylon ; Southern districts of the Island, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by l|-24 in. ; petiole A-f in. Panicles 6 in. long, race- 
 mose, hoary. Flowers yellow, odorous, shortly pedicelled; buds densely hoary. 
 Anthers with a terminal bristle about their own length and two minute lateral ones. 
 Capsule I in. long, ovoid, silky-pubescent ; bases of the fruiting calyx-segments 4 
 as long as the capsule, oblong, gibbous, puberulent ; wings 2 by | in., spathulate, 
 obtuse. 
 
 14. S. lissophylla, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves oblong-cordiform 
 slightly acuminate base emarginate both surfaces glabrous lateral nerves 
 about 7 pairs prominent beneath, panicles small terminal or axillary, 
 stamens about 35. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 630. 
 
 Ceylon; Hinidoon Pattoo and Singhe-rajah Forest, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree, twigs black when dry. Leaves 3-5 by li-S in. ; petiole ^-\ in., rugose. 
 Panicles about 3 in. long, racemose, glabrous. Flowers shortly pedicelled ; buds hoary. 
 Anthers bearded. Fruit unknown. 
 
 15. S. stipularls, Thwaites Enum. "iQ ; leaves oblong shortly acuminate 
 or subobtuse base rounded coriaceous both surfaces glabrous midrib chan- 
 nelled above very promment beneath lateral nerves about 15 pairs. A. DC. 
 Prodr. xvi. 2, 631. 
 
 Ceylon ; between Katnapoora and Galle, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2-4 in.; stipules ^-1 by ^-§ in., ovate, suhobhque, with 
 numerous slender nerves, very persistent; petiole 1^-H ^'^- Flowers unknown. Capsule 
 subconic, smooth; (winged calyx-segments 5-54 by li ^^t 11-14-nerved, Thwaites). 
 
 16. S. assamica, Dyer; leaves broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong very 
 shortly acuminate base rounded both surfaces glabrous midrib cliannelled 
 above lateral nerves about 17 pairs hispid beneath rather prominent above. 
 
 Upper Assam ; banks of the Duhing river, 0. Mann. 
 
 Young twigs thinly pendulous. Leaves about 34 by If in., shining above. Flowers 
 unknown. Capsule | in., ovoid, acuminate, glabrous; bases of the fruiting calyx- 
 segments about 4 as long as the capsule, broadly ovate, gibbous ; wings 4 by | in., 
 linear, subacute, about 12-nerved, 
 
 17. S. gratissima, Dyer ; leaves elliptic acuminate base acute both 
 surfaces glabrous margins undulate lateral nerves about 14 pairs incon- 
 spicuous, panicles terminal and axillary,. stamens 20-25. Hopea gratissima, 
 
 Wall. Cat. 960. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich. 
 
 Branchlcts slender. Leaves 24-4 by 1|-14 in.; petiole |-1 in. Panicles 3-6 in., 
 glabrous, black when dry. Flower-buds hoary ; pedicels about ^V in- Anthers with a 
 terminal seta. 
 
 18. S. reticulata, Thwaites ms. ; leaves lanceolate with a long acumi- 
 nate point base acute shining above glabrous beneath margins undulate 
 lateral nerves about 10 pairs hardly prominent beneath. 
 
 Ceylon. 
 
 Twigs slender, pale. Leaves 3-4 by If in. ; petiole | in., decurved. Flowers un- 
 
 X2 
 
308 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Shorea. 
 
 known. Bases of the frviting calyx-segments lanceolate, gibbous, puberulous ; wings 
 14 by 4 in., linear, obtuse, glabrous, 8-nerved. 
 
 19. S. macroptera, Dyer ; leaves narrowly oblong acuminate base 
 obtuse somewhat coriaceous shining above glabrous beneath lateral nerves 
 about 10 pairs rather prominent beneath, panicles terminal. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 Twigs puberulous, dark-brown. Leaves Ar-b by If in., cbocolate-coloured when dry ; 
 petiole 4 in., rugose. Flowers sessile. Capsule {immnXnTe) ^ in. long; bases of the 
 fruiting calvx-aegments equalling the capsule, ovate, bordered by the decurrent margins 
 of the wing; wings 5-6 by |-1 in,, hnear, obtuse, 1()- nerved, glabrescent. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 Shorea longisperma, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 93 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 618. Parashorea longi- 
 spernia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 66. Prince of Wales' Island. Without 
 description. 
 
 6. KOPEA, Eoxb. 
 
 Glabrous or hoary-tomentose resinous trees. Leaves quite entire, firm, 
 inconspicuously feather-veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous. 
 Flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled, ebracteate, in lax panicles of unilateral 
 racemes. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the rece])tacle, segments obtuse, 
 imbricate. IStamens 15, or rarely 10, slightly connate; anthers ovate, con- 
 nective subulate-cuspidate, valves obtuse equal. Ovai-y 3-celled, the cells 
 2-ovuled; style shortly cylindric or subulate. Nut 1-seeded, closely sur- 
 rounded by the bases of the accrescent calyx- segments, 2 of which are 
 developed into linear wings. Embryo as in chorea. — Distrib. of SJiorea ; 
 species about 35. — The separation of this genus from iShorea is somewhat 
 artificial 
 
 * Panicles palely tomentose. 
 
 1. K. odorata, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; FL Ind. ii. 609 ; leaves ovate- or 
 lanceolate-oblong acute or obtusely acuminate lateral nerves about 12 pairs 
 rather weak their axils often glandular, anthers oblong appendage a!bout 
 the same length. A. DC Prodr. xvi. 2, 632. H. faginea, Hm^t. Cole, ex 
 Herb. Lemann. {not of Wall.). H. eglandulosa, Koxb. Hort. Beng. 42 ; 
 Fl. Ind. ii. 611 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634. H. decandra, Buck, ex Wight 
 III. 83. fl. Wiglitiana, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack. 320, {jwt of Wall). 
 
 Rangoon, Pegu, Martaban and Tenasserim. 
 
 A large tree ; branchlets dark brown, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by H-2 in., base rounded 
 often suboblique, margins undulate, firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole | in. 
 Flowers sweet-scented, buds about 5 in., very shortly pedicelled. Calyx-segments 
 ovate, obtuse. Petals yellow. Nut \ in., ovoid, apiculale, glabrous ; wings of fruiting 
 cal.vx-segments linear, obtuse, tapering to an oblong base 5^ in. 
 
 Var. 1. odorata jyroper, Wall. Cat. 961 (sp.) ; panicle { as long as the leaves rather 
 dense, wings of fruiting calyx-segments 1^ by |-| in., 7-9-nerved. Boxb. Cor. PI. iii, 
 t. 210; Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 75, t. 7, f. 15-21.— Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 Var. 2. vasta, Wall. Cat. 926 (sp.) ; leaves gradually tapering opaque above, panicles 
 equalling the leaves rather lax, wings of fruiting calyx-segments If by f-l^ in., 9-13- 
 nerved. — Rangoon to Mergui. 
 
 2. K. parviflora, Beddome Flor. Syhat, t. 7 {by error t, 6) ; Gen. xxvii. m 
 art; Ind. For. Rep. 1863-4, with plate ; leaves ovate or oblong acute 
 
 ateral nerves about 10 pairs often forked their axils often glandular, tips of 
 
 fa 
 
Jlopea.] XXV. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 309 
 
 petals dilated and crisped, anthers suborbicular, appendage about half as 
 long again. 
 
 Malabar and S. Canara ; ascending to 3500 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A large tree ; branchlets reddish -brown, slightly glaucescent. Leaves about 3^ by 
 14 in., firm, base acute or rounded, margins slightly undulate, glabrous on both sur- 
 faces, nerves pale beneath ; petiole ^ in. Flower-huds about J in., tomentose, very 
 shortly pedicelled, calyx-segments lanceolate, obtuse. Fruit unknown. 
 
 3. K, long'ifolia, Dyer; leaves linear-lanceolate obtuse lateral nerves 
 
 about 10 pairs very oblique their axils often glandular, tips of petals crisped, 
 anthers suborbicular appendage about half as long again. H. parviflora, 
 Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxvii., in part. 
 
 South Carnatic, near Tinnivelly, Beddome. 
 
 A large tree ; branchlets brown. Leaves 5-7 by 1-1^ in., firm, base acute, margins 
 slightly undulate, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole | in. Flower-huds -^ in., tomen- 
 tose, shortly pedicelled. Calyx-segments ovate, acute. Fruit unknown. 
 
 ** Panicles glabrous (except sometimes in H. micrantha). 
 
 4. XZ. Wig'litlana, Wall. Cat. 6295 ; branchlets pale softly pubescent at 
 length glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse or acute lateral nerves 
 about 10 pairs, panicles racemose axillary 1-6 together shorter than the 
 leaves, calyx-segments glabrous. W. (h A. Frodr. 85; Wight III. t. 37 ; 
 A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 633. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Wight; Concan, Stocks. 
 
 Leaves 5-8 by l|-3 in., firm, base acute rounded or emarginate, glabrous on both 
 surfaces, opaque above, nerves oblique, curved, rather prominent above ; petiole 4 in., 
 stout, pubescent. Bracts -^ in., lanceolate, acute. Buds about \ in., very shortly 
 pedicelled. Calyx-segments lanceolate, obtuse. Petals pubescent externally. Anthers 
 with an appendage 4 times their length. Nut 4 in., ovoid, apiculate, glabrous ; bases 
 of fruiting calyx-segments scarcely distinct, gibbous, wings l|-24 by 4-| in-> linear or 
 elliptic-linear obtuse, about 9-nerved, usually tinged with red. — The inflorescence is 
 often diseased and condensed into a globular mass ; this is Artocarpus lancecefolia, 
 Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 527, ex Miquel, in Herb. Hoheuack. 796 a. 
 
 5. K. g'labra, W. dc A. Prodr. 85 ; branchlets dark-coloured glabrous, 
 leaves lanceolate obtuse or shortly acuminate lateral nerves about 8 pairs, 
 panicles 1-3 together, racemes axillary about equalling the leaves, calyx- 
 segments glabrous. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Wight ; Southern Carnatic, at Tinnivelly, Beddome. 
 
 Leaves about 4 by 1^ in,, base acute or obtuse, glabrous and rather shining on both 
 surfaces, nerves oblique curved and prolonged parallel to the margins slightly prominent 
 above ; petiole 4 in., rugose. Bracts nearly ^ in., lanceolate, obtuse. Flower-buds 
 very shortly pedicelled. Calyx-segments ovate, obtuse. Petals pubescent. Anthers 
 orbicular, appendage about 3 times as long. Fruit unknown. 
 
 6. K. oblongrifolla, Dyer ; branchlets pale compressed, leaves oblong 
 shortly acuminate lateral nerves about 10 pairs, panicles racemose axillary 
 (rarely two together) about half as long as the leaves, calyx-segraents 
 glabrescent. 
 
 Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 Leaves about 7 by 24 in., firm, base obtuse, glabrous and rather opaque on both sur- 
 faces ; nerves oblique, scarcely curved, inconspicuous above ; petiole 4 »i-. glabrous. 
 Bracts minute, about equalling the very short pedicels. Calyx-segments ovate, acute. 
 Petals pubescent. Anthers orbicular with an appendage 4 ^mes their length. Fruit 
 unknown. 
 
310 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hopea. 
 
 7. K. G-riffitlill, Kurz ms. ; branchlets slightly lepidote at length 
 glabrous, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate obtuse lateral nerves about 
 10 pairs evanescent, panicles axillary less than half the length of the leaves, 
 calyx- segments glabrous. 
 
 Tenasserim ; Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 Brandies dark-barked, with pale striae. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in., firm, base acute, 
 glabrous on both surfaces, midrib proinineut below; petiole ^ in., slender. Bracts 
 minute, -shorter than the ppdicels, lanceolate, acute. Flower-buds ^ in., shortly pedi- 
 celled. Petals palely pubescent. Ant}i,er8 suborbicular, appendage about twice as long. 
 Fruit unknown. 
 
 8. K. micrantha, FTook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 160; branchlets 
 dark-coloured minutely lepidote, leaves elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate- 
 acuminate obtuse lateral nerves very numerous evanescent, panicles terminal 
 or axillary less than ^ the length of the leaves hoary-pubescent, calyx- 
 segments varnished. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 A very lofty tree. Leaves 2-24 hy |-1J in., coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, 
 midrib prominent above and beneath; petiole 4 in., puberident. Flo^cers -^ in., pedi- 
 cels fully -^Tf in. Petals palely pubescent. Anthers HuborUicular, appendage about as 
 long. Nut conical ; bases of fruiting calyx-segments \ in. long with two gibbosities at 
 the bottom, wings 14 in. oblanceolate, obtuse, 9-uerved. 
 
 9. K. discolor, Thwaites Ejiiim. 36 ; branchlets dark-coloured slightly 
 pruinose, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate obtuse reddish-brown 
 beneath lateral nerves about 5 pairs depressed above, panicles axillary 
 sometimes 2-3 together about -\ the length of the leaves, calyx-segments 
 glabrous. A. DC Prodr. xvi. 2, 633. 
 
 Ceylon ; Saffragam and Ambagamowa districts, at no great elevation, Thicaites. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 2-3 by |-1 in. ; petiole J in. Panicle bright red ; pedicels 
 ^ in. Petals yellow, palely puberulous. Anthers suborbicular, appendages three times 
 their length. Nut | in., conical, acute, glabrous ; bases of Iruiting calyx-segments ^ in. 
 lanceolate; wings 14-3 by ^-^ in.; oblanceolate, obtuse, 7-nerved. 
 
 10. K. racophlcBa, Dyer ; branchlets brown, leaves ovate shortly 
 caudate-acuminate base acute lateral nerves about 4 pairs oblique curved 
 about equally prominent on both surfaces with large axillary glands, 
 panicles terminal or axillary exceeding the leaves. 
 
 Malabar; Wynaad forests, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A large tree, the bark peeling oft' in adherent scales (Beddome). Leaves 4-4^ by 
 2-24 in., firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole | in. slender. Bases of fruiting 
 calyxseijments minute, scarcely distinct, thickened, gibbous; wings 3 by 1 in., oblong, 
 tip truncate or rounded inconspicuously 10-nerved, reddish. — Nearly allied to the Ceylon 
 ff.jucunda. 
 
 11. K, jucunda, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; branchlets dark purplish- 
 brown, leaves ovate or orbicularabruptly acuminate obtuse base rounded or 
 obtuse lateral nerves about 4 pairs oblique curved slightly depressed above 
 with large axillary glands, panicles terminal or axillary. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 
 2, 633. 
 
 Ceylon ; Hinidoon Pattoo, Pasdoon Corle, and Saffragam district, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 14-5 by 1-2^ in., firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole \ in. 
 transverbely rugose. Flower-buds ^ in. ; pedicels ^j in. Calyx-segments ovate, var- 
 nished. Petals palelj'-pubescent externally. Antliers with an appendage four times 
 their length. Frwit unknown. 
 
 Var, modestUj DC Prodr. xvi. 2, fi33 ; leaves 1-2 in., branches of the panicle 
 filiiorm. 
 
Doona.] xxv. DiPTERocARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 311 
 
 7. DOONA, Thwaites. 
 
 Lofty glabrous and often glaucescent resinous trees, with the habit of 
 (except in H. nervosa) some species of Hopea. Leaves entire, firm, incon- 
 spicuously veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous. Flowers 
 rather small, usually in lax panicles rarely exceeding the leaves. Calyx as 
 in Hopea. Stamens 15 ; anthers oblong, connective prolonged into a usually 
 clavate appendage, valves equal. Ovary as in Hopea. Nut 1-seeded. Seed 
 ovoid with the thin testa .interposed between the folds of the cotyledons ; 
 radicle superior. — Distrib. Endemic in Ceylon. Species 10. 
 
 1. D. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Joum. iii. (1851) t. 12 and iv. 7 ; 
 
 Eniim. 34; leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate base deltoid lateral nerves 
 numerous ascending inconspicuous, pedicels exceeding the calyx. Beddoim 
 Flor. Sylvat. t. 97 ; ^. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 626. 
 
 Ceylon ; Central province, ascending to 4000 ft. 
 
 A tree of 60 ft. or more ; branchlets much divided, somewhat flexuose, with smooth 
 purple-brown bark. Leaver 2-3 by |-1 in., midrib prominent beneath, channelled 
 above ; petiole ^ in. Panicles 2 in., erect, many-flowered ; bracts small, brown, deci- 
 duous. Flowers f in. diam., pink ; pedicels ^ in., erect. Outermost calyx-segments 
 deltoid-ovate, obtuse. Anthers with an appendage about 4 as long, glabrous, varnished. 
 Nut (immature) ^ in. long, ovoid ; winged fruiting calyx-segments about 1 in, oblan- 
 ceolate with an ovate base, at first bright red, — Yields a gum resin manufactured into 
 a varnish, 
 
 2. "D. nervosa, Thwaites Enum. 35 ; leaves oblong elliptic or ovate 
 caudate-acuminate base rounded lateral nerves prominent beneath ascend- 
 ing, pedicels about equalling the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627. 
 
 Ceylon ; Ekualagodde near Ratnapoora, Thivaites. 
 
 A large tree ; branchlets dichotomously divided with rather pale brown bark trans- 
 versely rugose on the ultimate twigs when dry. Leaves 34-44 by 14-2 in,, lateral 
 nerves about 9 pairs; petiole ^ in. PawicZe 2 in., racemose, 3-6-flowered. Flowers 
 I in. diam. ; pedicels ^ in. decurved, then erect. Outermost" calyx-segments oblong, 
 obtuse, glabrous, scarcely varnished. Winged fruiting calyx- segments 1-1 4 in,, oblong 
 or oblanceolate, tip rounded, base narrow, gibbous. 
 
 3. D. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves oblong caudate-acuminate base 
 
 rounded lateral nerves inconspicuous ascending, pedicels about equalling 
 the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627. 
 
 Ceylon ; between Ratnapoora and Galle, at no great elevation, Thwaites. 
 
 Branchlets dichotomously divided, brown barked. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1 1 in., lateral 
 nerves about 6 pairs, midrib channelled above ; petiole 4 in. Panicle \\-2 in., peduncled, 
 subcoryrabose, 6-9-flowered ; pedicels g in., at first decurved. Outermost calyx-seg- 
 ments oblong, obtuse, glabrous, scarcely varnished. Fruit unknown. — This desci'iption 
 does' not completely agree with that of Thwaites; it is drawn up from specimens 
 distributed as D. nervosa ^ C.P. 3712 and referred subsequently {Enum. 402) to this 
 species. 
 
 4. 1>. trapezlfolia, TAz^aiVes Enum. 35; leaves rhomboid-lanceolate 
 gradually caudate-acuminate base obtuse lateral nerves inconspicuous 
 spreading, pedicels exceeding the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627. 
 
 Ceylon ; Central and Southern provinces ; common, ascending to 1500 ft., Thwaites, &c. 
 
 A large tree ; branchlets much divided, bark brown with minute pale warts. Leaves 
 2^-34 by 1-1^ in., opaque, midrib slightly channelled above, lateral nerves about 12; 
 petiole 4 ill. Panicle about 14 in., racemose, about 6-flowered. P'iowers 4 in- diam.; 
 pedicels ^ in. erect. Outermost calyx-segments obloug-lanceolate, obtuse. Nut | in. 
 
iM2 XXV. DiPTEROCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Djer.) \Doona. 
 
 loug; winged fruiting calyx-segments 2 in., linear-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous, base 
 shorter than the nut, ovate. 
 
 5. D. cong-estlflora, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves ovate-lanceolate 
 gradually acurainate base rounded, flowers very shortly pedicelled in dense 
 peduncled panicles. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 627. 
 
 Ceyj.on ; Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree ; brancblets with pale minutely warted bark. Leaves 3-4^ by 1^-2 in., 
 firm, midrib slightly channelled above, prominent beneath, lateral nerves about 9 pairs, 
 scarcely conspicuous, ascending, curved. Peduncle 1 in. Flowers 4 in- diam., pink ; 
 pedicels -^^^ in. or less. Outermost cahjx-seg merits oblong, obtuse, opaque. Petals 
 scarcely puberulous, margins ciliolate. Nut \ in. ; winged fruiting calyx-segments 2 in., 
 liuear-oblanceolate, obtuse. 
 
 6. D. Gardnerl, Thwaiies Enum. 35 ; leaves long-petioled ovate acumi- 
 nate base rounded, pedicels shorter than the calyx deflexed. BeddUnne 
 Flf/r. Sylvat. t. 98 ; A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 628. 
 
 Ceylon ; Central province between 3-5000 ft.. Walker, &c. 
 
 A large tree ; brancblets much divided, slightly flexuose, with smooth purplish brown 
 bark. Leaves 2-3^ by 1|-1| in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending, incon- 
 spicuous, midrib channelled above, proniinent beneath ; petiole f-1 in. Panicle 2^-4 in. 
 racemose. Flowers \ in. diam., pinkish ; pedi<;els \ in. Outermost caljfx-segments 
 deltoid-oblong, obtuse, shining. Winged fruiting calyx-segments 1^ in., linear-oblan- 
 ceolate obtuse ; base dilated gibbous, equalling the immature nut. 
 
 7. !>• cordifolla, Thvnites Enum. 35; leaves ovate-lanceolate or 
 oblong shortly caudate-acuminate rounded or cordate at the base, midrib 
 elevated above, lateral nerves prominent beneath. A. DC. Frodr. xvi 
 2, 628. 
 
 Ceylon ; Pasdoon Corle and Ambagamowa, at no great elevation, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree ; brancblets much divided, flexuose, with dark-coloured bark, fjcaves 
 4-6 by 1^-2^ in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending, curved; petiole ^ in., 
 transversely rugose. Flowers unknown. — The terminal buds appear to be frequently 
 converted into a curious strobiliform gall resulting from the production of a multitude 
 of small imperfectly developed leaves. 
 
 8. S. macrophylla, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves large oblong obtusely 
 acuminate base rounded, pedicels about equalling the calyx. A. DC. 
 Frodr. xvi. 2, 627. 
 
 Ceylon ; Hinidoon Pattoo, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree ; brancblets with pale brown stn'ately rugose bark. Leaves 6^-8 by 
 2^-3 in., pale beneath ; midrib channelled above, prominent beneath, lateral ncirves 
 about 15 pairs, parallel. Panicle 4-7 in., racemose. Pedicels \ in., deflexed. Calyx- 
 se^me7i/s elliptic, glabrous. Pe^aZ« ^ in., elliptic, canescent externally. Anthers ^\n. 
 long, appendage about ^^ iu. Fruit unknown. 
 
 9. D. ovalifolia, Thwaiies Enum. 402 ; leaves ovate obtusely caudate- 
 acuminate base rounded lateral nerves inconspicuous above prominent 
 beneath ascending, pedicels equalling the calyx. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 
 2, 628. 
 
 Ceylon ; Saffragam district, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree; brancblets dichotomously divided, somewhat flexuose, with dark brown 
 bark. Leaves 14-24 by ^-1^ in. ; lateral nerves about 8 pairs ; petiole \ in. Panicles 
 racemose, axillary or terminal, few-flowered, shorter than or equal to the leaves. Pedicels 
 deflexed. 
 
Boona.] xxv. dipterocarpe^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 313, 
 
 30. D, venulosa, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong 
 obtusely abruptly acuminate with close and prominent venation above. 
 A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628. 
 
 Ceylon ; south of the Island, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree ; branchlets turning black when dry. Leaves 2-3 by l-l^ in. ; lateral 
 nerves about 7 pairs ; petiole ^-f in. — I have taken these particulars from Thwaites as 
 1 have seen no specimeus. 
 
 8. VATERZA, Linn. 
 
 Glabrous tomentose or furfuraceous resinous trees. Leaves entire, firm 
 or leathery, feather-veined ; stipules deciduous or inconspicuous, rarely 
 large and persistent. Flowers in terminal lax corymbose or lateral racemose 
 panicles, or 1-3 on axillary peduncles. Calyx as in IShorea. Stamens 15, 
 rarely about 50 ; anthers linear or oblong, connective rarely prolonged or 
 minutely apiculate, external valves equal, or longer, or longer and broader 
 and rolled inwards at the apex. Ovary as in Shorea. Capsule ovoid or 
 globose, leathery or fleshy, 1 -seeded, indehiscent, or 3-valved, supported 
 by the reflexed scarcely accrescent calyx. Cotyledons large, fleshy, unequal, 
 usually lobed, inclosing the superior radicle. — Distrib. of Shorea ; species 
 about 17. — A. De Candolle transfers the secticTn Stemonoporus^ which is 
 endemic in Ceylon, to Vatica. The species, however, have an imbricate 
 calyx which in fruit completely agrees with that of Vateria. 
 
 Sect. T. Poenoe. A. DC. Stamens about 50 ; anther-cells adnate to 
 the apex of the acuminate connective, external valves much the longer. 
 
 1. V. indica, L. ; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 602 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 288 ; W. <k A. 
 Prodr. 84 ; Wight III. i. 88, t. 36 ; Wall. Cat. 3670 ; Gaertn. f. Fruct. iii. 
 29, t. 4. V. malabarica, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 29 ; ^. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 624 ; 
 Beddcmie Fl. Sylvat. t. ^A^.—Rheede Hort. Mai iv. t. 15. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from Canara to Travancor, Wight, &c. 
 
 A large tree ; young branchlets and inflorescence stellately canescent. Leaves 5-8 
 by 2J-3i in,, oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or minutely acuminate, base rounded or 
 eraarginate, lateral nerves 14 pnirs, slender; petiole 1^ in.; stipules 4 i^-, obliquely 
 lanceolate, acute. Panicle 6-8 in., terminal, loosely corymbose, branches spreading. 
 Flowers | in. diam., 1-ranked, erect; pedicels 4 in. Calyx- segments lanceolate, obtuse, 
 canescent on both surfaces. Petals elliptic-oblong, obtuse, white. Anthers glabrous. 
 {Capsule 2^ by 1^ in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, fleshy, 3-valved. Boxh.) — Ijinnjeus 
 clearly intended his name Vateria indica to apply to Eheede's plant. He identified 
 with this an imperfect specimen in the 4th volume of Hermann's Herbarium now in 
 the British Museum. What appears to be this specimen is perhaps indeterminable, 
 but certainly does not belong to iJipterocarpece. The evidence appears to show that 
 V. acuminata, Hayne, was unknown to Linnaeus, and has therefore no claims to be 
 identified with V. indica. 
 
 Sect. II. Kexnipliractuin. Turcz. Stamens about 50; anther-cells 
 distinct at the apex, acuminate, valves equal, connective not pro- 
 longed. 
 
 2. V. acuminata, Hayne Arzn. xi. 5 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2 ()fot of 
 Thw.). V. indica, Thwaites Enum. 37 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 84 ; Blume 
 Mus. Bot. ii. 29, t. 4 [not of L.). Elseocarpus copalliferus, Betz. Ohs. iv. 27. 
 Hemiphractum oxyandrum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. 1859, i. 262. 
 
 Ceylon ; common in the hotter parts of the Island, ascending to 2000 ft., Thwaites. 
 A large handsome tree ; young brauches and inflorescence densely covered with 
 
314 XXV. -DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Tliiseltoii Djer.) [Vateria. 
 
 sliort caducous ferruginous hairs. Leaves 6-8 by 3 in., elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 
 shortly acuminate, base rounded, lateral nerves about 20 pairs, stout; petiole 14 in.; 
 stipules |-1 in., linear-deltoid, attenuate. Panicle terminal, 8 in., loosely corymbose; 
 bracteoles ^ in., ovate, obtuse. Flowers 1 in. diam., 1-ranked, erect; pedicels 4 in. 
 Calyx ferruginous without, cane.scent within. Petals orbicular, acute, white. Anthers 
 puberulous. {Fruit 4 in, long by 2^-3 in. broad. — Yields a green resin, used in Cinga- 
 lese superstitious ceremonies. Thwaites.) 
 
 Sect. III. Stemonoporus, Thwaites. Stamens 15 ; anthers with the 
 external valves longer, broader and foiled inwards at the apex. 
 
 * Inflorescence panicled. 
 
 3. V. ceylanica, Wight III. i. 88 ; leaves elliptic or oblong apiculate 
 or retuse base rDiinded or slightly acute. V. Wightii, Thiuait^s Enitm. 
 403. Vatica Wightii, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620. Stemonoporus Wightii, 
 Thwaites Eniim. 37. 
 
 Ceylon ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, and near Palmadoolla, Thoaites. 
 A large tree; young branches glabrous. Leaves 6-11 by 3-5^ in, both surfaces 
 
 {)ale, glabrous; lateral nerves 21 pairs, spreading ; petiole 2^ in. Panicles 3 in. long, 
 aterai. Flovjers fully 1 in. diam. Calyx glabrescent. Pital)t elliptic, obtuse, sulphur- 
 yellow. /Stamens with dilated slightly connate filaments ; anthers puberulous, connec- 
 tive with a short acute apex. /Style subulate, acute. — 1 believe this to be the plant 
 intended by Wight. The only sheet in his herbarium with this name has clearly been 
 ticketed in error ; it bears the inflorescence of V. acuminata and the foliage of some 
 indeterminate plant. 
 
 4. V. G-ardneri, Thwaites Ennm. 403 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 
 acuminate base rounded or cordate. Vatica Gardneri, A. DC. Prodr. x\i. 
 2, (J22. Stemonoporus Gardneri, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. of Bot. 1854, 68, 
 ^. 2 A. 
 
 Ckylon; Eambodde, Gardner ; Adams Peak, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree; young parts faintly puberulous. Leaves 3-5 by 2-2^ in., lateral 
 nerves about 10 pairs, ascending; petiole about | in. Panicles about 2 in. long, nume- 
 rous, collected towards the ends of the brunches, 5-7-flowered. Flowers f in. diam. ; 
 pedicels \ in., decurved. Calyx-segments glabrous, ovate, acute. Petals broadly ovate, 
 white. Stamens connate at the base ; external valves of the aTithers rolled inwards at 
 the apex, connective not prolonged. Style acute. Fruit globose, 1 in. diam. 
 
 5. V. jucunda, Thwaites ms. ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate 
 gradually acuminate base rounded. V. acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 403. 
 {not of II ay ne). Vatica acuminata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 622. 
 
 Ceylon ; Madamahanewera, Ambagamowa, and Badalla distiicts, Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree ; young branches reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by |-2 in., 
 midrib very stout, lateral nerves about 12 pairs, ascending. Panicles 2\ in. long, 
 lateral, racemose, puberulous. Flowers | in. diam. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute. 
 Petals lanceolate, acute, pale yellow. Stamens and style as in V. Gardneri. — Mature 
 fruit unknown. 
 
 ** Peduncles few flowered. 
 
 6. V. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves ovate-oblong caudate-acumi- 
 nate base rounded lateral nerves depressed when dry. Stemonoporus affinis, 
 Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1854, 68 ; Enum. 38. Vatica Thwaitesii, 
 A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621. 
 
 Ceylon ; Hunasgiria district, alt. 4000ft.,77m-mVe». 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 3-4^ by 1^-2 in., glabrous, opaque, glaucescent above, scabrid 
 beneath ; lateral nerves about 10 pairs, intervening spaces irregularly buJlaie 
 
Vateria.] xxv. dipterocarpeje. (W. T. Thiselton Djer.) 315 
 
 when dry; petiole | in., slender. Pec^wracZes ^ in., axillary, usually l-flowered. Calyx- 
 segments subacute, hoary externally. 
 
 7. V. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong shortly 
 caudate- acuminate base acute midrib slightly prominent above lateral and 
 transverse nerves depressed when dry. Stemonoporus lanceolatus, Thwaites 
 Enum. 38. Vatica lanceolata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621, 
 
 Ceylon; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. 
 
 A small tree; young parts glabrescent. Leaves 54-74 by 2-3 in., glabrous above, 
 glabrescent beneath, lateral nerves about 8 pairs, prominent beneath; petiole f-i in., 
 stout, channelled. Peduncles \ in., slightly supra-axillary, 1-flowered. Petals ^ in. long, 
 elliptic, obtuse, pale yellow. Calyx-segments in fruit linear, acute. 
 
 8. V. canaliculata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong ob- 
 tusely acuminate base obtuse or acute midrib channelled above lateral 
 nerves in shallow depressions when dry with intramarginal connecting 
 loops. Stemonoporus canaliculatus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vatica canalicu- 
 lata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi 2, 621. 
 
 . Ceylon; Hiiiidoon and Reigam Corles, Thwaites. 
 
 ■ A moderate-sized tree ; young parts and petioles striate, scabrous. Leaves 2^-4^ by 
 1]-1| in., glabrous and opaque above, scabrous beneath, lateral nerves about 10 pairs, 
 prominent beneath ; petiole 1-1 ^ in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles ^V '"•> axillary, 
 about 3-flowered. Calyx-segments oblong, obtuse, densely pubescent externally, buifif- 
 coloured. Anthers linear-lanceolate, minutely apiculate, puberulous. Fruit 1-1$ in. 
 diam., ^ in. deep, flattened-spheroidal, pale chocolate-coloured, mottled. 
 
 9. V. petiolaris, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong 
 shortly acuminate base rounded or subacute midrib elevated above, lateral 
 nerves weak, petiole l|-3 in. Stemonoporus petiolaris, Thwaites Enum. 38. 
 Vatica petiolaris, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621, 
 
 Ceylon ; at Kittool Galle, Thwaites. 
 
 A moderate-sized tree ; young parts and petioles scarcely scabrous. Leaves 6-10 by 
 2-2| in,, glabrous above, scabrous beneath, lateral nerves about 12 pairs. Peduncles 
 J in., axillary, 1-3-fiowered. Calyx- segments ovate-oblong, obtuse. Anthers lanceo- 
 late, minutely apiculate, puberulous. 
 
 10. V. rig'ida, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves obovate emarginate base 
 acute or narrowly elliptic obtuse base rounded midrib slightly elevated 
 above very stout beneath lateral nerves depressed when dry. Stemono- 
 porus rigidus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vatica rigida, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. ^, 
 621. 
 
 Ceylon ; Ambagaraowa district, alt. about 3000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree ; young parts petioles and under-surface of the leaves minutely scabrous. 
 Leaves 34-5^ by 1| in., glabrescent and opaque above ; lateral nerves about 10 ; petiole 
 4-f in. Peduncles very short, axillary, about o-flowered. Flowers | in. diam. Calyx- 
 segments oblong, obtuse. Petals elliptic, subacute. Anthers linear-lanceolate, with a 
 broad retuse apex, minutely hairy puberulous. 
 
 11. V. oblongifolia, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong sub- 
 acuminate base rounded midrib and lateral nerves slightly elevated above. 
 Stemonoporus oblongifolius, Thwaites Enum. '6'6. Vatica oblonga, yl. i>(7. 
 Prodr. xvi. 2, 621. 
 
 Ceylon; Ambagamowa district, alt. about '4000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree; young parts tawny pulverulent-scabrous. Leaves B-ohy 1^-2^ in. , 
 glabrous on .both surfaces, midrib stout and prominent beneath ; petiole | in. Peduncle& 
 
316 XXV. DiPTEBOCARPE^. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Vateria. 
 
 about ^ in., 1-4-flowerecl, crowded at the ends of the lateral shoots. Calyx-segments 
 elliptic, subacute. Petals obovate, obtuse. Anthers linear-oblong, obtusely apiculate, 
 puberulous. Fruit ^ in. diain., globose, 3-sulcate, pale brown, minutely wrinkled. 
 
 12. V. reticulata, Thwaites Eniim. 403 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong 
 leathery acuminate base rounded shining above lateral nerves incon- 
 spicuous. Stemonoporns reticulatus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vatica reticulata, 
 A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620. 
 
 Ceylon; Hinidoon Corle, alt. about 1000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A moderate sized tree ; young parts pulverulent. Leaves2^-^\ by 1 1-2 J in., opaque, 
 midrib prominent and minutely reticulate beneath, lateral nerves 9 pairs; petiole 1^ in. 
 Pedunaes axillary, 1-2-flowered. Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx-segments lanceolate, 
 glabrous, acute. Petals broadly elliptic, acute. Anthers linear, minutely apiculate, 
 hairy-pubescent. Fruit i^ in. long, ovoid, acute, 3-8ulcate, brown, minutely ver- 
 rucose. 
 
 13. V. nitida, Thwaites Enum. 403; leaves lanceolate or ovate caudate- 
 acuminate base rounded shining above opaque beneath midrib and lateral 
 nerves inconspicuously prominent above. Stemonoporus nitidus, Thivaites 
 Enum. 39. Vatica nitida, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 622. 
 
 C'EYLON ; Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. 
 
 A moderate-sized tree ; twigs white-barked, with black verruculee, young parts dark 
 brown, glabrescent. Leaves 3-4 by U-l^ in., midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves 
 6 pairs, slender; petiole ^ in. Peduncles few-flowered. Calyx-segments lanceolate, 
 acute. Petals elliptic, acute, yellowish. Anthers linear, minutely apiculate, puberu- 
 lous. — The number of stamens proves this not to belong to Monoporandra, as A. De 
 CandoUe appears to think probable, no doubt from its resemblance to M. lancifolia, 
 which appears to be nothing more than a variety. 
 
 Vak. lancifolia, Thwaites Enum. 404 (sp.) ; leaves 2J-3J by |-1 in., tapering-acumi- 
 nate, fruit about 1 by f in. ovoid pale brown minutely mottled. Monoporanda lancifolia, 
 Thwaites Enum. 39; A. DC. Prod. xvi. 2, 637.— Hellessee and Pasdoou Corle, Thwaites. 
 — The 15 stamens prove this to belong to Vateria. 
 
 14. V. Moonli, Thwaites Enum. 403,: leaves linear-lanceolate base 
 tapering nerves hairy on both surfaces wlien young ultimately glabrous. 
 Stemonoporas 'i Moonii, Tliwaites Enum. 39. Vatica Moonii, A. DC. Prodr. 
 xvi. 2, 622. 
 
 Ceylon; Maturatte? Moon. 
 
 Young parts and petioles densely fulvous-tomentose, ultimately glabrescent or pulveru- 
 lous. Leaves 6-10 by 1-2 in., papery, midrib proniinent beneath, lateral nerves about 
 20 pairs, curved upwards, rather slender, with weaker ones intervening ; petiole 1 in. 
 Stipules |-1 in. distinct, linear-lanceolate, rigid, persistent. Peduncles 1- flowered, in 
 the axils of fallen leaves. — Somewhat resembling Vatica scahriuscrda in habit, but dif- 
 fering from other species of Vateria. Thwaites, however, by an analysis of the flower, 
 has determined it to belong to Stemonoporas. 
 
 a nXONOPORANDRA, Thwaites. , 
 
 Glabrescent or puberulous, much branched, moderate-sized trees. Leaves 
 entire, firm, feather-veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous. 
 Flowers moderate-sized on small, few or many flowered axillary peduncles. 
 Calyx as in Vateria. Stamens 5 ; anthers as in Vateria § Stemonoporns., 
 minutely apiculate. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled. Fruit globose, leathery, 
 indehiscent^ 1-seeded, supported by the reflexed scarcely accrescent calyx. 
 Cotyledons iieshy, unequal, radicle superior. — Disteib. Endemic in Ceylon ; 
 species 2. According to Bentbam and Hooker, and also Baillon, Monopo- 
 
Monoporandra.] xxv. DiPTEROCARPEiE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 317 
 
 randra does not differ from the Siemonoporus section of Valeria (with which 
 genus Thwaites now unites it) except in the number of stamens. Thwaites 
 however figured and described the ovary as 2-celled, and from the examina- 
 tion of M. cordifolia I find this to be correct. 
 
 1. ZME. cordifolia, Thwaites in Hook. Joum.'Bot. vi. (1854) 70 ; Enum. 39 ; 
 leaves ovate shortly caudate-acuminate base cordate or rounded midrib and 
 lateral nerves depressed above, panicles about 1 in. many-flowered. A. DC. 
 Frodr. xvi. 2, 237. Vateria cordifolia, Thwaites Enum. 404. 
 
 Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, elevation about 3000 ft, Thwaites. 
 
 A moderate-sized much branched tree ; young parts puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves 
 2-4^ by 1-2J in,, glabrous on both surfaces, opaque above, lateral nerves about 7 pairs ; 
 petiole ^-1 in., tumid at the apex. Flowers drooping, yellow. Calyx-segments lanceo- 
 late, acute. Fruit the size of a pea, brown, mottled. 
 
 2. IMC. eleg'ans, Thwaites in Hooh. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 69, t. 2 B ; 
 
 Enum. 39 ; leaves elliptic abruptly and slenderly caudate-acuminate midrib 
 depressed lateral nerves prominent above, peduncles 1-4-flowered about 
 fin. A. DC. Frodr. xvi. 2, 636. Vateria elegans. Thwaites Enum. 404. 
 
 Ceylon ; Saffragam district, alt. about 2000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A moderate-sized tree; young parts glabrescent. Leaves 2^-3 by |-1 in., base 
 obtuse or rounded, lateral nerves about 1 pairs ; petiole \ in. Calyx- segments linear- 
 lanceolate. Petals oblong, obtuse, pale-yellow. Anthers lanceolate, pulverident. Fruit 
 globose, Y^g in. diam., with a drooping peduncle. 
 
 An imperfect fruiting specimen of a large tree collected by Major Beddome in South 
 Tinnivelly and there called Karanyongoo, appears to belong to a new genus intermediate 
 between Fachynocarpus and Vatica. — Twigs brown barked, with minute white spots. 
 Leaves 3^-44 by l^-li in., lanceolate, obtuse, entire, lateral nerves 10 pairs, scarcely 
 prominent; petiole about ^ in. Flowers in short terminal or axillary puberulous 
 panicles ; pedicels g in. Calyx-tube very short, segments ^ in., ovate, minutely acumi- 
 nate, thickened, with numerous minute pale warts externally. Capsule | in. diam., nearly 
 globose, apiculate, glabrous, striate. Seed solitary ; cotyledons fleshy, deeply 2-fid, 
 enclosing the superior radicle. 
 
 Order XXVI. MALVACEiSl. (By MaxweU T. Masters, F.R.S.) 
 
 Herbs, shrubs or rarely soft-wooded trees, with mucilaginous rarely acid 
 juice, and tenacious inner bark ; herbaceous portions generally more or less 
 densely covered with stellate hairs. Leaves alternate, palminerved, simple 
 lobed or rarely compound. Stipules free, sometimes caducous. Bracteoles 3 
 or more, scattered or approximate, free or combined, often forming an epi- 
 calyx. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary fascicled or cymoso-paniculate, 
 regular, hermaphrodite or 1 -sexual. SejMs 5, valvate, free or connate. 
 Fetals 5, twisted-imbricate. Stamens oo , rarely definite, adnate to the base of 
 the petals ; filaments monadelphous, forming a tube, rarely a column ; 
 anthers oblong or reniform, cells sinuous or twisted, linear or annular, 
 ultimately 1-celled, bursting longitudinally; pollen globose, granular, 
 niuriculate. Ovary 2- many-celled, entire, or lobed, of 2-5 or usually more 
 carpels whorled round a central axis ; styles connate below or throughout 
 their length ; stigmas linear peltate spathulate or capitate ; ovules 1 or 
 more, curved, attached to the inner angle of each carpel. Fruit of dry 
 indehiscent or dehiscent cocci, or capsular and loculicidal, sometimes large 
 and woody. Seeds reniform or obovid, glabrous hairy silky or woolly; 
 
818 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwcll T. Masters.) 
 
 albumen scanty often mucilaginous or ; embryo curved ; cotyledons leafy, 
 usually folded or crumpled.— Distrib. Abundant in warm regions, common 
 in temperate, absent from arctic. Genera 57, known species about 700, 
 largely represented in India. A few genera are peculiar to India or the 
 Archipelago, and some of the species are also endemic. 
 
 A. Androecium tubular ; tube entire, or but slightly divided at the apex. 
 
 Tribe I. lUalveaa. Herbs or shrubs. Mipe carpels separating from the 
 axis. Styles as many as the carpels. 
 Ovules solitary, ascending. 
 Stigmas linear. 
 
 Bracteoles 6-9 1. Alth^a. 
 
 Bracteoles 3, connate 2. Lavatera. 
 
 Bracteoles 3, free 3. Malva. 
 
 Stigmas capitate 3.* Malvastrum. 
 
 Ovules solitary, pendulous. 
 
 Carpels spreading, beakles? 3.** Anoda. 
 
 Carpels convergent at the points or beaked 4. Sida. 
 
 Ovules 2 or more. 
 
 Carpels with a transverse false partition ...... 4.* Wissadula. 
 
 Carpels with no false partition 6. AnuxiLON. 
 
 Tribe II. Ureneae. Styles or stigmaiic brandies twice as many as the 
 carpels. 
 
 Carpels opposite the petals. 
 
 Carpels iinarni(?d 5-* Malachra. 
 
 Carpels beset witli spines 6. Urkna. 
 
 Carpels opposite the sepals 7. 1'avonia. 
 
 Tribe III. Hlbisceee. Herbs rr shrubs. /Vw/i capsular. Sepals lesify. 
 Staminal-tuhe truncate or S-toothed at the apex. 
 Stigmas spreading. Seeds reniform. 
 
 Ovary lO-celled 8. Decaschistia. 
 
 Ovary 2-5-celled. 
 
 Stamens 10 9. Julostyles. 
 
 Stamens numerous. 
 
 Bracteoles 4, lanceolate combined at the base . . .10. Dicellostyles. 
 
 Bracteoles 3, cordate 11. Senra. 
 
 Bracteoles 5 or more 12. Hiuiscus. 
 
 Stigmas coherent in a club-shaped mass. 
 
 Bracteoles 3-5, small . 18. Thespesia. 
 
 Bracteoles 3, large, cordate ' 14. GoaaYPiuM. 
 
 B. Androecium either tubular at the base only, and divided above into 
 pentadelphous filaments (rarely tubular higher up) ; or divided throughout 
 into filaments. 
 
 Tribe IV. BoxnbaceaB. Trees. Sepals leathery. Styles connate or free. 
 Fruit capsular or indehiscent. 
 
 Leaves simple or lobed. Bracteoles 4-5 15. Kydia. 
 
 Leaves digitate. Bracteoles 0. 
 
 Calyx 5-ckft . 15.* Adansonia. 
 
 Calyx truncate or iiTegularly 3-5-lobed. 
 
 Ultimate filament with a single anther 16. Bombax. 
 
 Filaments with 2-3 anthers 17. Eeigdendron. 
 
 Leaves simple 1-costate, scaly. 
 Bracteoles united into a tube. 
 Petals 18. Cullenia. 
 
XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 319 
 
 Petals 5. 
 
 Calyx tubular or bell-shaped. 
 
 Anthers linear, cells sinuous 19. Durio. 
 
 Anthers globose, opening by a pore 20. BoscuiA. 
 
 Calyx dilated at tlie base. 
 
 Calyx cushion-shaped or orbicular 21. Neesia. 
 
 Calyx 5-pouched at the base 22. Ccelostegia. 
 
 1. dflLZtTKJSBA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs pubescent or villous, erect or decumbent. Leaves more or less 
 deeply divided, rarely entire. Flowers peduncled, axillary, solitary or 
 fascicled, often in long terminal racemes. Bracteoles 6-9, connate at the base. 
 Anther-valves subglobose or linear. Ovary many-celled; styles filiform, 
 inner surface stigmatose ; ovules 1 in each cell. Carpels numerous, 
 ultimately separating from a short torus. Seed solitary in each carpel, 
 ascending. — Distrib. Temperate regions, rare in the tropics ; known, 
 species about 12. 
 
 Althcea rosea, L., the common Holly-hock, is often cultivated in Indian Gardens : it 
 is A. coromandelina, Cav., and A. chinensis, Wall. Cat. 2689. 
 
 1. A. Ziudwig*!!, L. ; DC. Prodr. 1. 437 ; annual, hispid, prostrate or 
 ascending, leaves deeply lobed lobes 3-fid, flowers shortly peduncled few or 
 tufted, anther- valves subglobose, carpels glabrous. Cav. /c 423; Boiss.Mor, 
 Orknt. i. 824. Malva malwensis, Edgew. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 284. 
 
 North Western India, the Panjab, and Sindh. — Dibtrib, Western Asia and the 
 Mediterranean region ; S. Africa. 
 
 AS'iem 6-12. in high, slender, brandling. Leaves long-petioled, orbicular, 5-7 -lobed, 
 lobes wedge-shaped. Bracteoles 7-'9, as long as the calyx. Flowers whitish, 4-1 in. 
 diam. Petals exceeding the lanceolate sepals. Carpels wrinkled at the sides. 
 
 2. A. officinalis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 436 ; perennial, uniformly downy, 
 leaves ovate simple or slightly lobed, flowers peduncled in axillary clusters, 
 bracteoles linear-lanceolate, anther-valves subglobose. Boiss. Flor. Orient. 
 i. 825. 
 
 Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c. — Distrib. Westward to England. 
 
 Stem erect, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovoid, annular, base scarcely cordate, unequally toothed ; 
 stipules linear-subulate. Flowers 1-2 in. diam., rosy. Bracteoles half the length of 
 the sepals. — The Marsh Mallow, which yields Guimauve. 
 
 Var. taurinensis ; not so densely downy as the type, flowers comparatively few. 
 A. taurinensis, JDC. Prodr. i. 436. 
 
 2. Z.AVATERA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs with branching downy stems. Leaves lobed. Flowers peduncled, 
 axillary. Bracteoles 3, connate at the base. Ovary many-celled; styles 
 filiform, inner surface stigmatose; ovules 1 in each cell. Ripe carpels 
 numerous, surrounding a prominent conical toras, from wliich they 
 ultimately separate. Seed solitary, ascending.^DisTEiB. Chiefly Mediter- 
 ranean ; one is Australian, two are Canarian. 
 
 1. Xi. XLashxniriana, Carnh. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 29, t. 32.J 
 
 Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c. 
 
 A branching downy herb. Lower leaves with petioles as long as the blade, orbicular, 
 cordate, 5-lobed, lobes crenate nearly glabrous above, downy beneath, upper with petiole 
 shorter than the blade, 3-5 lobed, lobes acute, central longest; stipules liuear-lanceo- 
 
S20 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Lavatera. 
 
 late. Peduncles about equalling the leaves. Bracteoles 3, broadly ovate, acute, com- 
 bined at the base. /Sepals lanceolate, longer than the bracteoles. Corolla 3 in. diam., 
 pink ; petals cuneate, deeply 2-tid. Staminal column villous. Carpels reuiibrm, smooth, 
 shorter than the projecting torus. 
 
 3. AXAX.VA, Linn. 
 
 Downy herbs. Leaves lobed. Flowers in axillary tufts. Bracteoles 3, 
 distinct. Sepals 5, connate at the base. Petah emarginate, connate at the 
 extreme base. Staminal-tube autheriferous to the top, without sterile teeth. 
 Ovary many-celled ; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas linear ; ovules 
 1 in each cell Rij^e carpels 1-seeded, indehiscent, separating from a short 
 conical tcyrus. Seed ascending.— Distrib. Temperate regions of the Old 
 World. Species about 16 ; many are widely diffused by cultivation, &c. 
 None of the Indian species are endemic 
 
 1. BX. verticillata, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 433; an erect annual or peren- 
 nial, pubescent, flowers nearly sessile in dense axillary clusters. Wall. Cat. 
 1879, 1884, 3, 4. M. neilgherrensis, WigfU let. 950. M. alchemillsefolia, 
 Wall. Cat. 1884, d. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, ascending to 6-12,000 ft., from Assam and Sikkim to 
 Kumaon and Lahul ; Nilohirjs Mth., in corn fields, Wight. — Distuib. Europe, Abyssinia, 
 Egypt, Amoor land, China. 
 
 Stem blanched, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves cordate, suborbicular, 5-6-lobed, downy ; petiole 
 6-7 in. Flowers Bniall, nearly sessile, densely crowded. Bracteoles linear. Sepals 
 deltoid lanceolate. Petals notched, slightly longer than the sepals. Carpels 10-12, 
 enclosed within the accrescent calyx, netted on the sides, prominently ribbed at the 
 back. 
 
 2. BI. silvestrls, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 432 ; an erect nearly glabrous herb, 
 peduncles as long or longer than the flowers erect or ascending. Boiss. 
 Flor. Orient, i. 819. 
 
 Western Temperate HfMALAYA, from Kumaon, alt. 2500 ft., to Kashmir and the 
 Panjab. — DisTKiB. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia. 
 
 Annual, J-3 ft. hi^^h. Leaves cordate, rounded, lobed; petiole 4-5 in. Peduncles , 
 about 1 in. Bracteoles ovAie, entire, shorter than the bell-shaped cah/x. Corolla l{ in. 
 diam. Petals notched, claw-bearded. Carpels reticulated, downy or glabrous. 
 
 Var. 1. mauriiiana; carpels reticulated, glabrous. M. mauritiuna, i)C Prodr, i. 432, 
 Cav. Diss.ii. 25, f. 2 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 181 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 45 ; Wall. Cat. 1877; 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 819.— Bengal, Western Peninsula. M. ciliata, Wall. Cat. 1878. 
 
 Var. 2. eriocarpa, Boissier Fl. Orient, i. 819 ; carpels reticulated downy. — Himalaya. 
 
 3. BI. rotundifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 433 ; a spreading herb, 
 slightly downy, peduncles deflexed after flowering, claw of petal bearded. 
 Wall. Cat. 1885 ; Boiss. Flor. Orient, i. 820. M. vulgaris, Fries. Novrit. 219. 
 
 I^orth-West Provinces ; Kumaon and Sindh. — Distrib. Europe, W. Asia. 
 
 A much branched herb, sparingly villous. Xeaw« .suborbicular, lobed, crenate ; petiole 
 6-7 in. Peduncles H in. Bracteoles lanceolate half the length of the broadly lance- 
 shaped sepals. Corolla 1 in. diam. Petals wed i,'e- shaped, notched, twice the length of 
 the sepals. Ripe carpels downy, flat or wrinkled. 
 
 Var. 1. horealis ; petals scarcely exceeding the sepals, carpels prominently wrinkled 
 and netted, M. rotundifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 181 ; M. horealis, Wallm. ex Boiss, 
 Flor. Orient, i, h20 ; M. rotundifolia var. /3, W. & A. Prod. i. 45 ; Wall. Cat. 1884, e, f ; 
 M. parvifiora, Huds. not of Linn. — Bengal, Mysore, 
 
 Var. 2. reticulata ; petals exceeding the calyx; carpels glabrous, wrinkled, M. rotun- 
 difolia, var, a, W, & A, Prodr. i, 45 ; Wall, Cat. 1884, e,— Bengal, North- West Hima- 
 laya, alt. 1-2000 ft. 
 
Malva.] XXVI. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 321 
 
 4. M. parviflora, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 433 ; a spreading herb, slightly- 
 downy, peduncles spreading after flowering, claw of petal glabrous. Bom. 
 Flor. Orient, i. 820. 
 
 North-West Himalaya, alt. 1-2000 ft., Uppkr Bengal, Sindh and the Panjab. — 
 DisTRiB. Europe, the Levant, Arabia, Nubia. 
 
 A comparatively small spreading herb. Leaves roundish, obsoletely lobed ; peduncles 
 short. Bracteoles linear. Sepals broad, acute. Petals notched, scarcely exceeding the 
 sepals. Carpels wrinkled. 
 
 3.* MALVASTKUIW, A. Gray. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or divided. Inflorescence axillary or 
 terminal. Bracteoles 3, narrow. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-parted. Petals longer 
 than the sepals. Staminal-tube antheriferous to the summit, with no sterile 
 teeth. Ovary 5- or more-celled; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas 
 capitate. Ripe carpels separating from a short torus, indehiscent, 1-seeded, 
 beaked or not. aSc^c? ascending.— Distrib. About 60 species, all American 
 and S. African except 2, which are widely distributed throughout the 
 tropics of both hemispheres. 
 
 M. TRICUSPID A TUM, A. Gray PI, Wright, 16 ; hairs simple, carpels with 
 three small projecting points. Malva tricuspidata, Ait. ; DC. Prodr. 
 i. 430. 
 
 Various parts of Bengal and Madras, introduced. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemi- 
 spheres and Australia. 
 
 An erect branching herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, irregularly toothed, 
 feather-veined. Petiole\\\n. Peduncles \-\m. Bracteoles narrow. CcfZy.r campanu- 
 late, 5-fid, lobes triangular acute. Petals yellow. Carpels 8-12, reniform, 
 
 M. SPICATUM, A. Gray PI. Fendler, 22; hairs stellate, carpels rounded or 
 angular not beaked. Malva spicata, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 430. 
 
 Various parts of India, introduced; Mergui, Griffith. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemi- 
 spheres. 
 
 All erect herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acute, crenate-serrate, soniftimes lobed. 
 Flowers in a dense terminal leafy spike. Bracteoles narrow. Sepals acuminate. Petals 
 yellow. Carpels 8-12, pubescent. 
 
 3.** ANODA, Cav. 
 
 Hispid herbs. Leaves hastate-lobed. Flowers on long axillary peduncles. 
 Bracteoles 0. Calyx 5-parted, segments spreading. Petals 5. Staminal- 
 tvbe dividing into numerous filaments at the top. Ovary many-celled ; 
 styles as many as the cells of the ovary ; ovules 1 in each cell. Ripe- 
 carpels separating from the axis, bursting irregularly, 1-seeded. — Distrib. 
 An American genus of 8 species, not indigenous in India. 
 
 A. HASTATA, L. ; DC Prodr. i. 458 ; thinly clothed with appressed 
 hairs, leaves ovate-cordate hastate 5-lobed, lobes deltoid central one 
 longest. 
 
 Various places in North-Western India and the "Western Peninsula, but not in- 
 digenous — Distrib. W. Indies, &c. 
 
 A heib 2-3 ft. high, thinly beset with appressed hairs. Leaves 2-3 in. ; petioles 
 1^ in. Stipules linear, 4 in- long. Peduncles 4 in., l-flowered. Flowers li in. diam. 
 Sepals 5, broadly ovate, acute, spreading, connate at the base into a shallow tube. 
 Petals purple, longer than the sepals. 
 
 VOL. I. Y 
 
322 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sida. 
 
 4. SXDA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or undershnibs. Leaves simple or lobed. Bracteoles 0. Calyx of 
 5 valvate sepals, tubular below. Corolla of 5 petals, free above, connate 
 below and adnate to tlje tube of the stamens. Staminal-tuhe dividing at 
 the summit into numerous anther-bearing filaments. Cai-pels 5 or more, 
 ■^'hurled; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas terminal. Kij>e airpels 
 separating from the axis, generally 2-avvned at the summit, and dehiscing 
 irregularly or by a small chink. iSeed solitary, iiendulous or horizontal ; 
 radicle superior. — DiSTEUB. A genus of about 80 species, most of them 
 being tropical weeds. 
 
 * Herhaceom^ often trailing. 
 
 1. S. humilis, WUld. ; DC. Prodr. i. 463; a trailing herb, leaves sub- 
 orbicular-cordate acute serrate slightly hairy, carpels 5 sometimes awned. 
 Cav. Diss. V. t. 184, f. "Z; Roxh. Ft. Ind. iii. 171 ; Thwait^s Eniim. 28; 
 D<dz. A: Gibs. Boinb. Fl. 17'; Wall. Cat. 1854, 1, 2, 3, D ; W. <Sc A. Prodr. i. 
 h\) ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 140. S. unilocularis, L'Her. Stirp. t. 56. 
 S. pilosa, Ketz^ not of Cav. ex W. <t' A. I.e.; Wall.^Cat. 1854, E. iS. radicans, 
 W(dl. Cat. 1854 G. S. Hiulticaulis, Cav. Diss, i. 10, t. 1, f. (j ; DC. I.e. 
 S. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 1853, Jiot of DC 
 
 Generally distributed throughout the hotter parts of India. Distrib. Tropical Africa 
 and .America. 
 
 Very variable. Stem usually procumbent, branching, covered, like the leaves, with 
 a Uw scattered radiating hairs ; petiole rather shorter than tlie blade. Peduncles 
 jointed in the middle, dih^taiit or arranj^ed in a loose raceme Flouers axillary, soli- 
 \arv or twin. C«/?/x-«e«we«<« triangular, very acute. C'oro//a straw-coloured, scarcely 
 f xfccditig the calyx. Garpeh 5, muticous or shortly bicuspidate. — '1 he specimens vary 
 so much in quality of pubescence, length of carpellary awns, &c., that 1 find it difficult 
 to determine the following varieties with accuracy. 
 
 Vak. 1. morifolia, Cav. Diss. i. 9, t. 1, f. 1 (sp.) ; carpels slightly mucronate. — Wall. 
 Cat. 1853 B, E. 
 
 Vah. 2. veronicfefoUa, Lam. Diet. n. 11 (sp.) ; carpels with two longishawns. — Cav. 
 Jj-i^s. i. 7, t. 1, f. 3 and 5; Wall. Cat. 1853 D. 
 
 2. S. mysorensls, W. d- A. Prodr. i. 59 ; herbaceous, covered with 
 glutinous hair.s, leaves cordate-ovate acuminate, peduncles shorter than the 
 petioles, carpels 5 awned keeled. Thivaites Fnnm. 2S. S. hirta. Wall. Cat. 
 1855. not of Lam. 8. urticaefolia, W. <£• A. I.e. S. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 1853 E. 
 K olens, ilavi. in Wall. Cat. 1874. S. glutinosa, Poxh. IJort. Beng. 97 ; Fl. 
 J lid. iii. 172; Wall. Cat. 1855, not of Cav. S. tenax. Ham. in W. <&; A. 
 Prodr. i. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 1855, E, F. ? S. radicans, Cav. Diss. I p. 8 ; W, 
 li' A. Prodr. i. b\}.—Rkeede Heyrt. Mai. x. 69. 
 
 J>ii<)TA\, Tknas-serim, Cokomandel, Mysore, Concan, Ceylon. 
 
 A herb or undershrub 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 1\ by 2 in., coarsely toothed, downy be- 
 neath ; petiole \\ in. Pef/»??cZ<2 joitited in the middle. Flowers scarcely \ in. diam. 
 — Perhaps not specifically distinct from 8. humilis. 
 
 ** Siiffrutescent {except S. corylifolia) erect or rarely procumbent. 
 
 3. S. Schimperiana, Uochst. in Pick. Fl. Abyss, i. 66 ; perennial, 
 slirubby, branches rei)eatedly forked, leaves oblong retuse base cuneate, 
 carpels 5 subglobo.'ie beaks short connivent. JIast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 
 IbO. ISida cuneifolia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 170. Dictyocarpus truncatus, Wight 
 m Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xi. 169; M adra.'< Journ. Lit. dj Sc. v. t. 19. Melo- 
 chia truucata and Hermannia ;Unifolia, Wall. Cat. 1196 K. 
 
Sida.] XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 323 
 
 Western Peninsula; Carnatic and the Dekkan, Wight, &c. — Distrib. Abyssinia, 
 S. Africa. 
 
 A woody underslirub, with a thick rootstock. Branches intricate, decumbent or 
 erect. Leaves 4 in., sparingly covered with stellate hairs , petiole very short. Flowers 
 solitary, axil!ary, shortly petioled. Sepals 5, connate below the middle in a cup shaped 
 tube. Petals pink. Carpels ultimately dehiscing along the inner edge. 
 
 4. S. spinosa, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 460 ; shrubby, erect, branches often 
 with spiny tubercles below the variable leaves, which are hoary beneath, 
 carpels 5, beaks erect. S. alba. L. ; W. <k A. Prodr. i. 58 ; DC Prodr. I.e. ■; 
 Roxh. Fl. hid. iii. 174; Tliwaites Enum. 28; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17. 
 S. retusa, Wight Cat. 195, not of Linn. S. alnifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 461 ; 
 Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 174 ; W. (h A. Prodr. i. 58 ; Wall. Cat. 1873. S. glan- 
 dulosa, Poxb. mss. ex W. <k A. Prodr. i. Lc. S. Boriara, Wall. Cat. 1872. 
 
 Hotter parts of India, from the North- West provinces to Ceylon. — Distrib. 
 Tropics generally. 
 
 Leaves about | in., ovate obovate or linear-lanceolate, obtusely serrate, base cordate, 
 sometimes cuneate : petiole \ in. Peduncles solitary or clustered, jointed near the flower, 
 equal lin;4 or exceeding the petiole. Sepals deltoid, connate below into a cup-shap.'d 
 tube. Carpels membranous, scarcely longer than the calyx. 
 
 5. S. grewioides, GaUl. <^ Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 71 ; a cano-tomen- 
 tose undershrub, leaves oblong-ovate obtuse, calyx-tube angular, carpels 
 7-8 wrinkled awned, beaks connivent. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 835 ; Mast, in 
 Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 182. 
 
 North- West provinces and Sindh. — Distrib. Arabia, Tropical Africa. 
 
 Leaves about ^ in., crenate, downy on both surfaces ; petiole shorter than the blade. 
 St'pulei linear-subulate, scarcely so long as the petiole. Ptdavcles solitaiy or twin, 
 shorter than the petioles. Floivers yellow, small. Carpels indehiscent, or nearly -so. 
 
 6. S. carpinifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. ^60; an undershrub, leaves 
 nearly glabrous narrow acuminate serrate, stipules linear-subulate longer 
 than the petiole, peduncle jointed in the middle as long as the iietiole, 
 sepals triangular acute, calyx-tube siibglobose, carpels 5-9 rugose awned. 
 Wall Cat. 1871. S. acuta, Biirm. ; Can. Diss. i. t. 2, f. 3 ; DC. Prodr. i. 461 ; 
 }ValL Cat. 1868, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. I7l ; W. <k A. Prodr. i. 57 ; 
 Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17 ; Thivaites Enum. 27 ; Wight Ic. t. 95 ; Wall. Cat. 
 1868 G. S. lanceolata, Roxb. I.e. 175 ; Wall. Cat. 1868 F. S. stipulata, Cav. 
 Diss. i. t. ;5, f. 10; DC Prodr. i. 460; W. <Sc A. Prodr. I.e. S. Stauntoniana, 
 DC. I.e. ; S. scoparia, Lour, ex W. (k A. I.e. — Rheede, IJort. Mai. x. t. 53. 
 
 Generally distributed throughout the hotter parts of India, — Distrib. Tropics 
 generally. 
 
 Perennial. Leaves about 2-3 in., linear-lanceolate ; petiole t^-^? if^- ; stipules 
 many-nerved, two or three times longer than the petiole. Petals yellow, twice the 
 length of the calyx. — De Candolle's S. compressa, from Nipal, which I have not seen, 
 is described as having the leaves hoary beneath, and the peduncles three times as long 
 as the petiole. 
 
 7. S. rhonabifolia, Linn. ; shrubby, erect, leaves polymorphous taper- 
 ing at the base, peduncle longer than the petinle, carpels 10 awned or not, as 
 long as the calyx. DC. Prodr. i. 462 ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 17(5 ; WaJl. Cat. 
 1862, 2; Thwaitrs Enum. 28. S. canariensis, Willd. ; DC Prodr. i 462. Sida 
 compressa, Wall. Cat. 1866 ; DC. Prodr. i. 462. 
 
 Widely distributed throughout India. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemispheres. 
 
 Very variable, perennial, glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs. Leave-<^ generally 
 more or less rhomboid, under side hoary, rarely green ; stipules Ihiear-setaceous, longer 
 than the petiole. Peduncle rarely less than twice as long as the petiole, axillary or 
 clustered at the ends of the branches. Flowers yellow, rarely white. Sepals delt oi 
 
 Y2 
 
324 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sida. 
 
 acuminate. Carpebt smooth or reticulate. — Very variable in form of leaf, relative 
 lenp^th of peduncle, position of joint, and size of the carpellary awns. — This species and 
 its allies vielil good fibre. 
 
 The following forms may be more or less readily distinguished, and many more might 
 l)e added, but their characters merge so much one into the other, that discrimination 
 becomes difficult. 
 
 Var, 1. scabrida, W. & A. Prodr. i. 57 (sp.); sprinkled with rigid hairs, leaves con- 
 co orous, peduncles jointed at the base, carpels awiied. 
 
 Vah. 2. retusa, Linn, (sp.) ; leaves obovate retuse hoary underneath, peduncles 
 equalling the leaves jointed above the middle, c.-irpellary awns short. — Cav. Ihss. i. t. 3, 
 f. 4, and Diss. v. t. 181, f. 2 ; W. d' A. Prodr. i.58 ; Wall. Cat. 1870; DC. Prodr. i. 
 4fi2 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 175 ; Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 17. S. chinensis, Petz ex lioxh. 
 Hort. Bevg. 97 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 174. S. philippica, DC. Prodr. i. 4G2 ; W. & A. Prodr. 
 I.e.; Wall Cat. 1869 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. x. 18 ; Riimph. Amb. v. t. 19.— The S cory- 
 nocarpa, Wall. Cat. 1870, seems to be a form of this variety, with densely intricate 
 M-oody brunches, and long carpellary awns. 
 
 Var. 3. rhomboidea, Koxb. Hort. Beng. .50, Fl. Ind. iii. 176 (sp.) ; leaves rhomboid 
 hoarv beneath, peduncles jointed at the base, carpellary awns very short inflect<'d. 
 J) C! Prodr. i. 462; W. & A. Prodr. i. 57; WaU. Cat. 1862 E, I860; Thwaiies 
 Firum. 28. S rhombifolia, Wall. Cat. 1862 F. ? S. orientalis, Cav. Diss. i. t. 12.— 
 The flowers expand at noon (Roxb). 
 
 Var 4. obovata. Wall. Cat. 1864 (sp.) ; leaves I4 by 2 in. broadly obovate hoary 
 beneath, apex coarsely toothed, base cuneate, petiole i in., peduncle longer than the 
 j)eti()le shorter than the blade. 
 
 Var. 0. viicrophyllfi, Cav. Diss. i. t. 12, f. 2 (sp.); leaves small elliptic dentate hoary 
 l>enoath, peduncle slightly exceeding the petiole, carpels 5-7 awned. — Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 iii. 170; DC. Prodr^ i. 461. 
 
 .s. S. corylifolia, WaU. Cat. 1865; leaves oblong glabrous on both 
 surfaces crenate-serrate base rounded, peduncle longer than the petiole 
 jointed above the middle, carpels smooth, awns long erect covered with 
 reflexed bristles. 
 
 1^1 RM a, Wallich. 
 
 Herl aoeous Leaves 4 by 2 in., concolorous ; petiole 1^ in. ; stipules deciduous. 
 Peduncle I4 in. Calyx broad, cup-shaped, ^ in. diam., glabrous ; sepals deltoid, acute, 
 sliorttr than the carpellary awns. — Resembles S. cordifolia in the long awns. 
 
 9. S. cordifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 464 ; downy, erect, leaves cordate- 
 oblong obtuse crenate, carpels 10 awned awns longer than the calyx covered 
 with stiff reflexed hairs. Rm:b. Fl Ind. iii. 177 ; Wall. Cat. Ib49 ; W. cC- .1. 
 Prodr. i. 58; Thwaiies Emtm. 28 ; Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17 ; Mast, in Oliv. 
 Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 181 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 140. S. herbacea, Cav. 
 Diss. i. 19, t. 13, f. 1 ; DC. Prodr. i. 463 S. micans, Cav. Diss. i. 19, t. 3, f. 1. 
 S. rotuiidifolia, Cav. Diss. i. 20, t. 3, f. 6, and Di&f. vi. t 194, f. 2 ; Wall. Cat. 
 1849, D ; DC. Prodr. i. 464. S. althaeifolia, Swartz; Guill. d' Per. Fl. Seneg. 
 i. 73. — Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 54. 
 
 Generally distributed throughout tropical and .subtropical India. — Distkib, A tropical 
 weed. 
 
 Annual or perennial. Leaves 14-2 by 1-1 ^ in., very downy on both surfaces ; 
 petiole as lon^^ as the leaf; stipules linear, half the length of the petiole. Peduncles 
 jointed near the flower, lower distant longer than the petioles, upper crowded very short. 
 Flutters yellow. Carpels furrowed at the back, sides reticulated. — Flowers with the 
 other species in the rainy and coul seasons. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 S. pentacakpos, Roxb. ex Horn. Supp. 78; DC. Prodr. i. 473, an annual plant 
 having cordate sub-tric-nspidate leaves, peduncles as long as the petioles, and muticous 
 very hispid carpels. — Kostdetzkya pcntacarpos is not a native of India. 
 
Sida.] XXVI. Malvaceae. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 3125 
 
 > 4* WISSADUZiil., Medik. 
 
 Underslirubs, more or less beset with soft hairs. Leaves palraately lobed. 
 Itrflorescence lax, panicled. Bracteoles 0. Calyx of 5 sepals which are free 
 above tubular below. Petah 5, connate below and adherent to the tube of 
 the stamens. Staminal-tuhe divided at the apex into numerous filaments. 
 Styles as many as the cells of the ovary. Ripe carpels 5, many-seeded, 
 beaked, dehiscent, often with a transverse false partition. Seeds 1-3 in 
 each cell, lower descending, upper ascending. — Distrib. iSpecies 5 or 6 
 tropical American, and one common in all the hotter parts of the globe. 
 In habit they differ from the species of Sida and Abutilon. 
 
 W. ROSTRATA, Flanck. in Hook. Niger Flora^ 229 ; peduncle longer than 
 the petiole, carpels with a false partition. Masi. in Oliv. Fl. Tropj. Afr. 
 i. 182. W. periplocifolia, Tliwaites Eniim. 27. W. zeylanica, Medik.; Miq. 
 Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 147. Abutilon periplocifolium, G. Don Gen. Syd. 
 i. 500; W. d' A. Frodr. i. 55. Sida periplocifolia, L. ; DC. Frodr. i. 4(j7 ; 
 Roxh. Fl. Lid. iii. 172 ; Wall. Cat. 1861, B, C, D. 
 
 Cultivated in India, naturalized in Ceylon, and very common in the south of the 
 island. — Distrib. Java, Tropical Africa and America. 
 
 SufFrutescent, more or less densely clothed with stellate tomentum. Leaves 3-4 by 
 14-2 in. and upwards, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, cordate-oblong, entire, 
 tapering into a long point ; petiole 1 in, Floioers yellow, in lax panicles. Pedunclen 
 3 in., jointed near the top. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals exceeding the caljx. 
 Ripe carpels awned, much longer than the calyx. — Koxburgh says this is a native of 
 the Malay islands, and yields a beautiful hemp. 
 
 Var. I, zeylanica, DC. Prodr. i. 467; leaves narrow, slightly scabrid above. — PluJ;. 
 t. 74, f. 7 ; JJill. Bort. Elth. i. t. 3, f. 2. 
 
 W. Leschenaultiana, peduncles not exceeding the petiole, carpels with- 
 out false partitions. Sida Leschenaultiana, DC. Prodr. i. 468. Abutilon 
 Leschenaultianum, Don Gen. Syst. i. 500. 
 
 Cultivated in India and in Ceylon ; its native country not known. 
 
 SufFrutescent, softly downy. Leaves 2-3 by 24^-85 in., glabrescent above, softly 
 tomentose beneath, cordate-ovate, acuminate, quite entire ; petiole 3-4 in. Injlores- 
 ce/ice terminal, panicled, many-flowered. Peduncles 1-2 in. Petals ohcovdate. Ripe 
 carpels ovoid. — In habit this plant agrees with Wissadula, but it is destitute of the false 
 partitions in the carpel. 
 
 5. ABUTXZiON, Gsertn. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs more or less covered with down. Leaves angled or 
 palraately-lobed. Fiifioresceiice axillary or terminal. Bracteoles 0. Calyx 
 of 5 valvate sepals, tubular below. Corolla of 5 petals, free above, connate 
 below and adnate to the tube of the stamens. Slaminal-tuhe divided at the 
 apex into numerous filaments. Carpels 5-x . Styles as many as the carpels. 
 Ripe carpels separating from the axis, awned or not, 1- or more-deeded. 
 Seeds reniforrti, upper ascending, lower descending. — Distrib. About 70 
 species, all tropical or subtropical. As a genus hardly separable from Sida.^ 
 except in habit and in the larger flowers, which latter (in the Indian speciesj 
 usually open in the evening, while in the Sidas they expand about noon. 
 
 * Carpels more tlmn 10 {except in A. polyandrum). 
 
 1. A. polyandrum, Schlecht, in Link Enum Hort. Berol. ii. 264 ; 
 leaves roundish-cordate with a long acumen, filaments free nearly to the, 
 base, staminal-tube with a ring of hairs at the top, carpels 5 awned. Don 
 
326 XXVI. MALVACEJ*:. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Abutilon. 
 
 Gen. Syd. i. 500 ; W. <i- A. Prodr. i. 55 ; TImaites Eimni. 27 ; Dah. d' Gibs. 
 Momb. Fl. 17 ; Miq. Fl. hid. la. i. p^ 2, 144. Sida oxypbylla, Wall. Cat. 
 
 1850. S. polyandra, R(xb. Hod. Beng. 50, Fl. Ind. iii. 173; Wall Cat. 
 
 1851, D, E, F. IS. persica. Barm. Fl. Ind. t. 47, f. 1 ; Cav. Diss. i. t. 4, f. 1 ; 
 DC. Prodr. i. 473. S. macrophylla, Wall Cat. 1851, D. 
 
 Nouth-West provinces, Tropical Himalaya, Western Peninsula, Birma, 
 Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, South Trop. Africa, Persia? 
 
 Annual or perennial. Leaves 4-5 in., downy, especially beneath ; petiole 4 in. 
 PefJuncles clustered in small terminal racemes, jointed near the top. iSejjah lanceolate, 
 forming a bell-shaped tube below. CoroHa 14 in. diam. Carpeb hispid exceeding 
 the calyx, awns erect. 
 
 2. A. asiatlcum, G. Dmi Gen. Sysf. i. 503 ; leaves rugose above 
 velvety beneath acute or acuminate, toothed, cordate at the base, sepals 
 ov.ite acute or acuminate, petals overlapping, ripe carpels about 20 
 hispid scarcely longer than tlie calyx, awns erect. Tkwaites Enum. 27 ; 
 W. S A. Prod. i. 56; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 184. iSida asiatica, 
 Linn. 8j). 964 ; Cav. Diss, i t. 7, f. 2, and v. t. 128, f. 1 ; xMiq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 
 i. pt. 2, 145 ; nier. JStirp. 130. 
 
 Wkstern Peninsula; Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropics of both liemispheres. 
 
 Herbaceous or suflirutescent. Leaves 3-4 in. and more, Kubscabrid above, velvety 
 beneath ; stipules linear, deflexed. Peduncles stout, jointed near the flower, longer 
 than the petiole. Flowers yellow, 2 in. diam. Calyx campanulate Carpels rarely 
 muticous. 
 
 The synonymy of this and the two following species is much confused. The A. 
 asiat'cum of Wight's herbarium is indistingiiishalile from A. indiciun of Don. The 
 rugose upper surface of the leaf mentioned by L'Heritier is one of the best marks of 
 this species, the shape of the calvx-lobes, and the relative size and amount of pubes- 
 Cfuoc of the carpi:ls is more variable. 
 
 3. £l. indicum, G. Don Gen. Sysf. i. 504 ; leaves cordate nearly entire 
 
 «)i- irregularly toothed covered on both surfaces with closely-felted white 
 dowu with few or no hairs intenningled, sepals ovate acute, ripe carpels 
 15 20 longer than the calyx glabrescent truncate or .shortly awned, awns 
 .si)reading. A. asiaticuMi, W. d' A. Prodr. i. 56, not Sida asiatica, Linn.; 
 W. <f' A Prodr. i. 56 ; Wight. Ic. t. 12 ; Dah. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18 ; Thwaites 
 Fniim. 27 ; Mast, in Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. i. 186 ; Mvp Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 
 1 4(). Sida indica, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 471 ; Cav. Diss. i. p. 33, t. 7, t. 10 ; Roxb. 
 FL Ind. iii. 179 ; WalL Cat. 1859, 1, 2, D, F. 
 
 Generally distributed throughout tropical India (wanting in Malacca). Ceylon, 
 T'hwaites. — Distrib. Tropics. 
 
 Annual or perennial. iStipules deflexed. Peduncles longer than the petioles, jointed 
 near the top. Flowers yellow, 1 in, diam., opening in the evening. 
 
 \'ar. 1. popuUjolium, W. & A. Prodr. i. 56, var. /3; leaves more or less acuminate. 
 Abutilon populifolium, G. Don Gen. ISyst. i. 503; Sida populifolia, Lam.; Cav. Diss. 
 i. t. 7, f. 9; DO. Prodr. i. 470; hoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 179; Wall. Cat. 1858; .Sida 
 P.oloere, LPIf'T. Stirp. i. 130. S. Eterouiischos, Cav. Diss. ii. 55, and v. p. 275, t. 128. 
 — Humph. Anib. iv. i. xi. ; Bhcede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 65. 
 
 Lamarck's plant is open to doubt, as the stem is described as purplish, and the stipules 
 as spirally twisted. 
 
 4. A. bidentatum, Iloc/ist. in A. Rich. FL Abyss, i. 68 ; leaves cordate- 
 ^^vate acuminate crenate-tootiied, stipules short subulate, panicles axillary, 
 
 jduncles shorter than the leaves, ripe carpels 20 smooth exceeding the 
 ilyx, awns spreading. Mast, in Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. i. 186. 
 ^Nortu-West provinces, Edgeworth; Sindu, Stocks ; Panjab, T. Thomson; Con- 
 can.— D^trib. Tropical Africa and Arabia. 
 
 % 
 
Abutilon.] XXVI. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 327 
 
 Erect, perennial. Leaves 2^-3 by 2 in., downy on both surfaces, lower petioles 4-5 
 in. Peduncles 1^-2 in. Sejmls ovate, acute. Calyx-tube cup-shaped. Bipe fruit 
 4 in. diam. Carpels oblong, glabrescent, twice the length of the calyx. 
 
 5. A. graveolens, W. dh A. Prodr. i. 56 ; branches covered with 
 clauimy pubescence mixed with spreading hairs, leaves orbicular-cordate 
 abruptly acuminate velvety on both sides, stipules falcate, peduncles as 
 long as the petioles, sepals ovate acuminate, carpels 20 or more rounded 
 hairy. Mast, in Oliv. Fl, Trop. Afr. i. 184; Tkwaites Enum. 27. Sida gra- 
 veolens, Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 50, Fl. ; Ind. iii. 179 ; DC. Prodr. i. 473; Wall, 
 Cat. 1856, D, E, F, G. S. hirta, Wall. Cat. 1852, B partly. 
 
 North- West provinces, Sindh, Nilghirrhis Mts., and Ceylon. — Distrib. Belu- 
 chistan, Java, Tropical Africa and Australia. 
 
 Leaves sometimes lobed ; petiole almost as long as the blade ; stipules linear, refloxed. 
 Flowers large, orange coloured, with a darker centre, ultimately reflexed. Petals ob- 
 cordate. Carpels truncate, rather longer than the calyx, not awned. — The fresh plant, 
 according to Koxburgh, has a strong unpleasant smell. There is no constant difference 
 between this and the following form, but the var. hirtum is usually more densely hispid, 
 and its carpels are more awned and scarcely exceed the calyx. 
 
 Var. I. hirtum, (t. Don Gen. Syst. i. 503 (sp.) ; stem copiously hispid, pubescence 
 brownish, leaves subscabrid above, stipules linear-subulate, carpels about 20, acute, 
 hairy, about the length of the calyx. — Abu|;ilon hirtum, W. & A. Prodr. i. 56 ; Wall. Cat. 
 1856; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 145. Sida hirta, Lam. Diet. i. 7 ; DC. Prodr. i. 470 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 1858 G ; Cav. Diss. t. 129. S. pilosa, L'Her. Stirp. 130. 
 
 6. A. muticum, C Don Gen. Syst. i. 502 ; pubescent and hairy, leaves 
 roundish-cordate, sepals broad cuspidate, carpels about 20 reniform awnless 
 downy shorter than the calyx. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 836. A. tomentosum, 
 W. <h A. Prodr. i. 56 ; Tkwaites Enum. 27 ; Dalz. (h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18. 
 A. glaucum, Don Gen. Syst. i 504 ; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 185. 
 Sida glauca, Cav. /c. 1, 8, t. 11. S. hirta. Wall. Cat. 1852 B partly. S. vil- 
 losa, Wall. Cat. 1856 C. S. asiatica. Wall. Cat. \Q52 D. S. mutica, Delile 
 Flor. Egypt. 60, n. 45. S. tomentosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; FL Ind. iii. 
 178 ; Wall. Cat. 1852 A, C, D, E. 
 
 North- West provinces, and Western Peninsula, Stocks, Edgeivorth, Sec. Ceylon, 
 Tangalle, Tkwaites^ — Distrib. Affghanistan, Trop. Africa, Egypt. 
 
 Annual or suffrutescent. Leaves tomentose on both surfaces, toothed ; petioles 2 in. ; 
 stipules lanceolate, reflexed. Peduncles as long as the petiole, stout, jointed near the 
 flower, usually arranged in axillary nearly leafless clusters. Flowers laige, orange. 
 Calyx very tomentose, divided hallway down. Petals obliquely triangular, often lobed. 
 Fruit globose, depressed at the summit. Seeds 3, scabrous. 
 
 7. A, Avicennee, Gcertn. Carp. ii. 251 ; leaves orbicular-cordate with a 
 long point, peduncle shorter than the petiole, sepals free, nearly to the base, 
 carpellary awns ultimately widely spreading. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 836. 
 Sida Abutilon, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 470 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 178. 
 
 North- West India, Sindh, Kashmir, and Bengal. — Distrib. N. As-ia and westward 
 to S. Europe, and also in N. America. 
 
 Annual, herbaceous, softly tomentose. Leaves 3-4 in. ; petiole 3 in. Peduncles 1 in., 
 solitary, axillary. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals yellow, hardly exceeding the sepals. 
 iStaininaL-tuhe very short. Carpels 15-20, much exceeding the sepals, oblong, trun- 
 cate, hispidulous or pubescent, with 2 long horizontal spreading ciliolate awns. Seeds 
 
 8. A. crispuin,^.-^^tJ^ jS^^^ri^-SCS^ pubescent and hairy, leaves 
 cordate roundish acuminate-crenate upper petioled or nearly sessile, fruit 
 
328 XXVI. MALVACEAE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Abutilon. 
 
 globose bent downwards when ripe, carpels 12 or more wrinkled mem- 
 branous awnless. Wight Ic. t. 68 ; W. <£' A. Prodr. i. 56 ; Ihwaites Enum, 
 401. Sida crispa L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 469; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 177; Wall. 
 Cat 1857 C, D, E, F. S. indica, Cav. Diss. o3, tab. 7, f. 101 and of Herb. 
 Htyne. S. montana, Roxh. Ic. ined. 
 
 Western peninsula ; Nilgliirrhis Mts., the Dekkan, and Coromandel. — Distrib. 
 Tropical and subtropical America. 
 
 A weak diffuse annual. Leaves 2-3 by 14 in.; stipules filiform. Peduncles as long 
 as the petidle, geniculate above the middle. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx tubular 
 below, divided beyond the middle into lanceolate sepals. Carpels obtuse, nearly gla- 
 brousf 2-3-seeded. Seeds pilose. • 
 
 ** Carpels not exceeding 10. 
 
 9. A. raznosum, GuUl. <Sc Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 68 ; leaves ovate-cordate 
 acuminate, peduncles shorter than the petioles, sepals free for half their 
 length, ripe carpels about 10 much exceeding the sepals, hispid, awns spread- 
 ing. Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 186. A. sidoides, Dalz. d: Gibs. Bond). 
 Fl. 18. JSida ramosa, Cav. Diss. i. 28, t. 6, f. 1. 
 
 North-West provinces; Concan, Dalzell. — Distrib. Tropical Africa. 
 
 Suffrutescent. Branches downy and with thin npreadiiig hairs. Leaves long- 
 petioled, sometimes 3-cuspidate, crenate-serrate. Peduncles axillary and terminal, tri- 
 chotomous. Calyx-tube broadly cup-shaped. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals twice as 
 long as the sepals. 
 
 10. A. frutlcosuzn, Guill. d- Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 73 ; leaves ovate-cordate 
 acute, stii)ules linear, carpels 10 truncate awnless pointed but little longer 
 than the calyx. Boisi<. FL Orient, i. 836 ; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 
 187. A. microphyllum, A. Jiic/i. FL Abi/ss. i. 70, t. 15. A. albidum, 
 Webb, d' Berth. Phyt. Canar.m. 39, t. 2. 1 Sida amsena, WaU. Cat. 1848. 
 
 ^\'s\>Yi^ Stocks^ Aitcheson ; Ibrawaddi? Wallich. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Arabia, 
 Java. 
 
 Suffrutescent, covered with white down. Leaves small, denticulate or nearly entire; 
 petiole short. Peduncles soHtary, axillary, shorter than the petiole, l-3-'liowered, 
 pedicels jointed above the middle. Sepals ovate, acute, scarcely .cuspidate, combined 
 below into a shallow cup. Fruit cylindric, tnmcate, scarcely exceeding the calyx. 
 Seeds sparingly pilose. — Dalzell says the flowers of this species expand at midday like 
 the Sidas. 
 
 11. A. neilgrherrense, Munro in Wight. III. t. Q^ ; suffruticose, sub- 
 glabrous, leaves whitish beneath roundish deeply peltate-cordate acumi- 
 nate crenate ; peduncles about the length of the petiole, corolla spreading, 
 carpels truncate, twice the length of the sepals. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Nilghirrhis Mts., Munro. 
 
 Leaves sometimes 7 4 in. Peduncles 2-10-fiowered. Sfpals lanceolate, acuminate, 
 villous. Petals obovate, united below into a short tube, hairy at the orifice. Tube of 
 the stamens glabrous. Carpels about 9. — I only know this species from Munro's descrip- 
 tion above cited. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing species, A. auritum (Sida aurita, Wall. Cat. I860), a 
 Javanese plant, is cultivated in India, and is sometimes met with as an escape from 
 gardens. 
 
Malachra.] xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 329 
 
 5.^ BZAX.ACKRA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs. Zmws angled. Flowers in dense heads, usually intermixed with 
 bracteoles. Sejmls 5, forming below the middle a cup-like tube. Petals 5, 
 coherent below, and connate at the base with the tube of the stamens. 
 Starninal-tube truncate or 5-toothed, filaments numerous. Carpels 5, 
 1-ovuled ; styles 10. Ripe carpels 1-seeded, indehisceift, separating fr()m the 
 axis, smooth, ^eeds reniforra, ascending.— Disteib. Species 5 or 6, all Ame- 
 rican but the following, which is widely distributed throughout the tropics. 
 
 M. CAPiTATA, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. -440 ; leaves roundish-angled cordate 
 toothed, bracteoles with a white spot at the base. Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
 Afr. i. 188. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India from the North West provinces to the Carnatic, 
 probably introduced. — Distkib. W. tropical Africa, tropical America. 
 
 Annual or perennial, coarsely hairy. Leaves 5-6 in. wide or less ; petiole 4 in. ; 
 stipules linear. Flowers in axillary or terminal heads. Petals yellow or white, longer than 
 the subulate sepals. Fruit subglobose, depressed. — It is singular that this plant is not 
 mentioned either by Wight or Roxburgh, and that it is not included in Wall. Cat. In 
 "Wallich's herbarium, however, there are some specimens without numbers, and with 
 no localities assigned, while others are from the Calcutta garden. 
 
 6. URENA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs, more or less covered with rigid stellate hairs. 
 Leaves angled or lobed. Flowers clustered. Bracteoles 5, adnateto the 5-cleft 
 calyx, sometimes coherent at the base into a cup. Petals 5, often tomen- 
 tose at the back, free above, connate below and united to the base of the 
 tube of the stamens. Staminal-tuhe truncate or minutely toothed. Anthers 
 nearly sessile. 0ya/'^6-celled, cells 1-ovuled, opposite the petals ; stigmatic 
 branches 10 ; stigmas capitate. Ripe carpels covered with hooked bristles or 
 smooth, indehiscent, separating from the axis when ripe. Seed ascending ; 
 cotyledons bent and folded ; radicle inferior. — Distjrib. Species 4-5, natives 
 of tropical and subtropical countries ; 2 only are confined to Asia. 
 
 * Carpels armed with hooked bristles. 
 
 1. U. lobata, Linn. ; leaves rounded angled not divided beyond the 
 middle. BC. Prodr. I 441 ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 182 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 46 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 1928 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18 ; Thwaites En. 25 ; Miq. Fl 
 Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 148. U. cana, Wall, Cat. 1930 B. U. palmata, Eoxb. Fl. 
 Ind. iii. 182. 
 
 Generally distributed over the hotter parts of India. — Distrib. Tropics of both 
 hemispheres. 
 
 Very variable, herbaceous, more or less hairy. Leaves about 1-2 by 2-3 in., cor- 
 date, 5-7-lobed, lobes acute or obtuse ; nerves 5-7, prominent on the under surface, the 
 three central, or the midrib only provided with a- gland on the under surface ; petiole 
 usually shorter than the blade. Bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, equalling the calyx. 
 Floivtrs pink. Carpels densely pubescent, echinate. 
 
 V.\u 1. scahriuscula, DC. Prod. i. 441 (sp.) ; herbaceous, leaves roundish scarcely 
 lobed with 1-3 glands beneath, bracteoles linear longer than the sepals. — U. scahrius- 
 cula, Wall. Cat. 1928 F ; W. dc A. Prodr. I 46 ; Dalz. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18.— Wight 
 and Arnott doubt this being a distinct species, but Dalzell considers it very distinct. 
 
 2. U. sinuata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 441 ; leaves divided below the 
 middle into 5 oblong lobes narrowed at the base and often pinnatifid. Poxb. 
 Ilort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 182; Wall. Cat. 1933 E; W.dtA. Prodr. i. 46; 
 
330 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Urena. 
 
 Thwaites Enum. 25 ; Dalz. d' Gihs. Bcmib. Fl. 18. U. muricata, DC. Prodr. 
 i. 442. U. Lappago, DC. Prodr. i. 441. U. morifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 442? 
 U. heterophylla, ISmith in Pees. Cycl. 37; Wall. Cat. 1933 E, F, G, H, K. 
 U. tomentosa, Wall Cat. 1933 H \—Barm. Zeyl. t. 69, f. 2. Rlhtede, Hort. 
 Mai, t. X. f. 2; Riimph. Amh. vi. t. 25, f. 2. 
 
 Generally distributed over the hotter parts of India. — Distbib. Tropics of botli 
 hemispheres. 
 
 Verv variable in amount of pubescence, and in the form of the foliage, herbaceous, 
 perennial. Leaves downy, lobes serrated. Glands on under surface of nerves 1-8. 
 Bracteoles linear-oblong, as long as the Galyx. Flowers 1 in. diam. Carpels densely 
 pubescent. 
 
 ** Carpels smooth^ nnamied. 
 
 3. U. repanda, Ro.x:b. Fl.. hid. iii. 182; stellate-hairy, leaves roundish 
 or somewhat lobed, flowers racemose, bracteoles 5 subulate connate below 
 into a cup, sepals united for half their length. W. <C' A. Prodr. \. -16 ; 
 Wight III. i. 65. U. rigida, Wall. Cat. 1929 (partlf/). U. Haniiltoniana, 
 Wall. Cat. 27(K). Favonia repanda, iSj^reng. St/st. iii. 98. Urena speciosa. 
 Wall. PI. As. Par. t. 26, Cat. 1931. 
 
 Nouth-We8t India, Upper Gangetic Plain, the Western Peninsula and Ava. 
 
 Shrubby. Leaves shortly petiole), rough above, midrib glandular at the base be- 
 neath, lower 2-2^ in. long, roundihh, rarely lobed, cordate at the base, ropand-sen*ate, 
 upper lanceolate. Flowem in ultimately leafless clusters. Bracteoles \-^\\\.\ sub- 
 coriaceous, exceeding the membranous calyx. Corolla pink, twice the length of the 
 bracteoles. tSeed ascending, smooth. 
 
 4. IT. rlg-ida, Wall. Cat. 1929 {partly) ; stellate- hairy, leaves cordate 
 roundish, flowers in heads at the ends of the branches, bracteoles 5, lanceo- 
 late combined for half their length into a bell-shaped tube, sepals free nearly 
 to the base. 
 
 BiRMA, Wallich, 3PCleUavd; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 Perennial. AStem purplish, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves petioled, about 2 by 2\ in., 
 base cordate, roundish serrulate, midrib glandular beneath ; stipules setaceous. Floicers 
 mixed with floral leaves, in terminal subsessile heads. Sepals \ in., nearly as long as 
 the bracteoles, membranous, villous at the back. Corolla white, tul)ular at the base, 
 above 5-petalous, twice the length of the bracteoles. Stamen-tube with 5 minute ti-eth 
 at the upper ed'j^e. Bipe carpels hispid, reticulate. Seed pilose. — This species has 
 the habit of a Malachra. The nearly free sepals are noteworthy. 
 
 7. PAVONIA, Cav. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, angular or lobed, more or less 
 downy. Flowers axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles 
 5-30, free or forming a tube at the base. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 
 5-petalous, united at the base to the staminal-tube. Stamwal-tube truncate 
 or 5-toothed at the ai)ex. Ovary 5-celled, cells usually.^opposite the sepals, 
 rarely opposite the petals ; styles 10, stigmas capitate, ovules 1 in each cell. 
 Ripe carpels separating from the axis, entirely indehiscent, or more or less 
 2-valved, smooth, netted or winged, never glochidiate. Seeds ascending. — 
 DiSTRiB. Species about 60, chiefly tropical America. 
 
 Sect. 1. Ziebretonia. Bracteoles 5-6. Carpels indehiscent. 
 
 1. P. grlechomlfolia, ^. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 54; Mast. in. Oliv. FL 
 Trap. Afr. i. 190. T. procumbeus, Bom. Fl, Orient, i. 837. Urena cordata. 
 
Pavonia.] xxvi. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 331 
 
 Herb, lleyne. Lebretonia procuinbens, Wall. Cat. 2688 ; Wight Ic. t. 4 ; 
 W. d' A. Frodr. I 47. L. flava, Wall. Cat. lii83.—Flu/c. t. 352, f. 5. 
 
 North- West provinces, Sindh, the Western Peninsula, Birma, and Ceylon. — 
 DisTEiB. Trop. Africa, Arabia. 
 
 Rigid, procumbent, more or less pubescent. Leaves 2^ by 2 in., hirsute or glabrous, 
 roundish-cordate, crenate-serrate, somewhat 3-lobed, midlobe longest; petiole 2^ in. 
 Peduncle slender, axillary, 1-flowered, about the length of the*petiole. Bracteoks 5-6, 
 ovate-lanceolate, exceeding the sepals. Petals yellow, longer than the bracteoles. 
 Pipe carpels 5, muricate, sometimes with a serrulate crest, — Variable in pubescence, 
 size of bracteoles and armature of carpels. 
 
 Sect. 2. Eupavonla. Bracteoles 10 or more. Carpels dehiscent. 
 
 2. P. arabica, Hochst. in Schimp. PL Exsicc. Abyss. ; leaves nearly- 
 entire, carpels unarmed wingless. Mast. in. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 193 ; 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 837. 
 
 Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Abyssinia. 
 
 Perennial, more or less densely clothed with down. Stems erect. Leaves 1| by ^ in., 
 subcordate, oblong, entire or slightly dentate ; petiole as long as the leaf. Peduncle 
 axillary, as long as the petiole. Bracteoles 10-12, linear, villous, exceeding the calyx 
 and corolla. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla pink. Carpels 5, oblong, 3-sided. 
 
 3. P. zeylanica, Cav. ; DC. Frodr. i. 444 ; glandular-pubescent, leaves 
 hispid deeply 3-5-lobed, carpels unarmed slightly winged. Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 iii. 214 ; Wall. Cat. 1885 A to D ; W. <k A. Frodr. i. 47 ; Dalz. & Gihs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 21 ; Thwaites Enum. 401. Hibiscus zeylanicus, Linn. ; Roxb. 
 Hort. Beng. 50.— Fluk. t. 125, f. 3; Biirm. Fl. Iiid. t. 48, f. 3. 
 
 North- West provinces, Sindh, the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. 
 Trop. Africa, Mauritius. 
 
 Perennial, much branched, hispid. Leaves 1 by f in. and upwards, cordate, roundibh, 
 deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes wedge-shaped, dentate, midlobe longest ; petiole equalling or 
 exceeding the blade. Peduncles about the length of the petiole, solitary, axillary. 
 Bracteoles 8-12, linear, ciliulate. Sepals lanceolate. Carpels oblong, 3-sided. — Vari- 
 able in the form and lobing of the leaf. 
 
 4. P. odorata, Willd. ; DC. Frodr. i. 144; glandular-pubescent, leaves 
 slightly 3-5-l()bed, carpels unarmed wingless. Roxb. Fl. Lid. iii. 214 ; 
 
 Wall. Cat. 1886, 1, 2, D, E; W. d' A. Frodr. i. 47; Thwaites En am. 26; 
 Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 193. Hibiscus odoratus, lioxb. LLort. Beng. 
 50. P. sidoides, Hm-n. in DC. Frodr. i. 444 ; Wall. Cat. 1886 F, G. P. rosea, 
 Wall. Cat. 1887 ; P. Romborua, Wall. Cat. 2690. 
 
 North-West provinces, Sindh and Banda, Edgeworth; Western Peninsula, 
 BiRMA and Cevlon. — Distrib. East Trop. Africa. 
 
 Erect, herbaceous, covered with sticky hairs. Leaves 24 by 3 in., cordate-ovate, with 
 3-5 shallow pointed lobes ; lower petioles longer than the blades. Peduncles as long 
 as the leaves, 1-fiowered, clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles tC-12, 
 linear. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla pink, twice the length of the calyx. Carpels 
 obovoid. 
 
 5. P. ceratocarpa, Dahell in herb. ; stellate-hairy, leaves oblong ir- 
 regularly toothed, carpels each with 3 terminal horns and 4 linear basal 
 appendages. 
 
 Sindh, Stocks. 
 
 An uudershrub. Leaves 1^-2 by 1 in., oblong, rounded at the base, obtuse, irregu- 
 larly coarsely toothed ; petiole | in. Peduncles axillary and crowded at the end of the 
 branches, jointed near the lop. Flowers 1 in. diam. Bracttoles 10, linear, conuate at 
 
332 xxvT. MALVACE^. (Moxwell T. Masters.) [Pavonia. 
 
 the base. Calyx broadly campanulate,' lobes deltoid. Corolln yellow, 2-3 times longer 
 than the calyx. Ovary depressed CarpeU 5, woody, pyritbrm, splitting through the 
 back, 3-horned at the apex, and with 4 linear obtuse wing-like appendages at the base. 
 — Leaves gratefully acid, as in Oxalis, Dalzell. 
 
 6. P. propinqua, Garche in Sdiweinf. Fl. uEthiop. i. 55 ; suffnitescent, 
 stellate-hairy, leaves wblong crenate, bracteoles 10 linear-lanceolate, carpels 
 ■with 2 short prickles. Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 191. P. grewioides, 
 Ilochst. n. Schimp. Exsicc. Abyss. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 837. 
 
 SiNDH, Stocks. — DisTRiB. Beluchistan, Abyssinia. 
 
 Leaves 1-4 in., subcordate ; petioles shorter than the leaves ; stipules linear- 
 subulate. Peduncles solitary, axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches. 
 Bracteoles nearly free, one-half longer than the ovate lanceolate sepals. Corolla yellow, 
 1 in. diam., exceeding the bracteoles. Fruit subglobose, depressed ; carpels woody. 
 
 Under the name Diplopenta, Alefeld (in (Estr. Bot. Zeit. 1863, p. 11) describes a 
 genus of Malvacece, which he says differs from Pavonia in the presence of 5 stigmatic 
 branches instead of 10. To tliis genus he refers Pavonia odorata, Willd., and a new 
 species, which he calls D. pedunculosa, and which, he says, has been confused with 
 P zeylanica. I have seen no specimen of this genus, and suspect some error or acci- 
 dental cohesion of styles. 
 
 8. DECASCHZSTZA, W. k A. 
 
 Shrubs. Leaves entire or lobed. Floivers shortly peduncled, axillary or 
 clustered and terminal. Bracteoles 10. iSej^als 5, connate below. Petals 5, 
 connate below and adnate to the tube of tlie .stamens. Staminal-tuhe giving 
 off many filaments below the apex. Ovary 10-celled, cells 1-ovuled ; styles !(►, 
 connate below, stigmas capitate. Capsule loculicidally 10-valved. Seeds 
 reniform, ascending. — Distrib. The following are the only species. 
 
 1. I>. trilobata, Wight Ic. t. 88 ; lower leaves deeply 3-lobed, bracteoles 
 considerably shorter tliau the calyx. IJalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. FL 21. 
 
 We.stekn Pkninsula ; Mysore, the Concan, and Dekkan, 
 
 A shrub, branches more or less hi.spid or tomentose. Upper leaves sometimes entire, 
 lanceolate, lower more or less 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, finely ser- 
 rate ; petiole \ in., downy ; stipules linear or 3-lobed, equal to the petioles. Peduncle 
 Bplitary, axillary, as long or longer than the petiole. Flowers 2 in. diam. Bracteoles 
 linear. Sepals deltoid, connate below, twice the length of the bracteoles. Capsule 
 hi.spid. 
 
 2. D. crotonlfolia, W. d- A. Prodr. i. 62 ; leaves simple rarely lobed 
 coarsely toothed, bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx. Wight Ic. t. 42. 
 Hibiscus crot()nif(jliu.s, Wall. Cat. 1900 and 1901. H. pteroj>permoides, 
 Wight mss. ; Wall. Cat. 1901 B. H. coriaceus, lleyne mss. ; W. d' A. I.e. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Mysore and Madura. UrPER Ganoetic plain, Boyle. 
 
 A shrub. Leaves 4 by 2 in., leathery, simple or slightly lobed, coarsely toothed, 
 velvety on both surfaces with a short dense tomentum, whitish beneath, midiib with a 
 glandular pore at the base; petiole l^iti.; stipules linear-subulate. Peduncle longer 
 than the petiole. Bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx. CapsiUe slightly hispid. 
 
 Among Maingay's specimens from Rangoon, is one (n. 213?) of which the flowers are 
 too imperfect to allow of examination, but which is probably referable to this genus. 
 Leaves 5 by 2 in., oblong lanceolate, subcordate, sometimes 3-lobed at the apex, hoary- 
 tomentose beneath ; petiole ^ in. Peduncle solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, as long as the 
 
 Eetiole. Bracteoles 10, subulate-lanceolate, half the length of the calyx ; sepals lanceo- 
 ite. Corolla pink, 4 in. diam. 
 
Julostyles.l xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 333 
 
 9. JUX.OSTVZ.es, Thwaites. 
 
 A tree. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate, entire, puberulnus. Panicle 
 terminal, pendulous. Bracteoles 5, forming below a bell-shaped tube. Sepals 
 5, smaller than the bracteoles, connate below. Petals 5, cotinate below, 
 exceeding the sepals. Siaminal-iube antheriferous below the middle, 
 5-toothed above. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, connate below and densely hairy, 
 free at the apex, stigmas large, globose, woolly ; ovules 2, collateral in 
 each cell ascending. Fruit not seen. 
 
 1. J. ang^ustifolia, Thwaites Enum. .30; Beddotne Fl. Sylvat. Anal. 
 Gen. t. iii. Kydia angustifolia, Am. Pug. PL Ind. Or. 4 (322). 
 
 Ceylon; south of the island, not uncommon, Thwaites. 
 
 A low tree. Leaves 5-8 by 1^-3 in., paler beneath ; petiole |-| in. Flowers ^ in. 
 diam. Corolla pale yellow with a reddish centre. Pollen-grains globose, muricate. 
 
 10. BICi:i.Z.OSTVZ.Z:S, Benth. 
 
 Trees, more or less covered with stellate down. Leaves simple, or slightly 
 lobed. Iiiflorescence panicled ; bracteoles 4-6, lanceolate, connate at the 
 base, longer than the calyx. Seuals 5, ovate, connate below the middle, in- 
 ternally provided at the base with a ring of fleshy tubercles. Petals oblong, 
 unsymmetrical, connate at the base. Filaments many, connate at the very 
 base. Ovary 2-4-celled ; styles 2, connate below the middle, stigmas large 
 globose ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, ascending. Capsule globose, hispid, 
 8-lobed, splitting into 2 (or more) indehiscent cocci. Seeds solitary, reniform, 
 albumen fleshy ; cotyledons folded. — Disteib. So far as known, exclusively 
 Indian. 
 
 1. D. jujublfolia, Benth. in Gen. PL i. 207 ; flowers panicled, bracteoles 
 oblong-lanceolate. Kydia jujubifolia, Griff. Notul. iv. 534, Ic. PL Asiat, 
 t. 595. 
 
 Eastern Tropical Himalaya; Siklcira and Bbotan Mts., Griffith, &c. 
 
 A tiee. Leaves 3 by 2 in., ovate-acute, or ovate-lanceolate, entire or obscurely lobed, 
 rounded at the base, glabrous above, closely felted beneath, 5-nerved, nerves convergent ; 
 petiole 4 in., stellate-tomentose. Inflorescence panicled. Mature floioer 1^ in. diam. 
 Bracteoles oblong, many-ribbed. Sepals oblong, half the length of the bracteoles. 
 Petals oblong, obtuse, oblique, nearly as long as the bracteoles. Filaments 25-30, free 
 nearly to the base ; anthers reniform. Ovary globose ; style cylindric below, branched 
 above. 
 
 2. ]>. axillaris, Benth. I.e. ; flowers solitary axillary, bracteoles linear- 
 oblong. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 3; Thwaites Enum. 401. 
 Kydia axillaris, Thwaites Enum. 30. 
 
 Ceylon ; near Badulla, alt. 2000 ft., Tlmoaites, 
 
 A tree. Leaves 24-4^ by 1^-2 in., ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, paler be- 
 neath, feather-veined; petiole |-^in.; stipules Hnear-lanceolate. 1 -nerved, equalling 
 the petiole. Pedunch about the length of the petiole. Bracteoles 1 by \-^ in. Calyx 
 4 ill., cUp-shaped, 5-toothed. Stamens connate at the base into a short tube, adherent 
 to the petals. Or^f^r?/ 2-celled; styles twice the length of the stamens, connate below 
 the middle. Fruit hispid. 
 
 11. SENRA, Cav. 
 
 (By error Serraea, Serra, and Senraea.) 
 
 A downy undershrub. Leaves orbicular, 3-lobed. Inflorescence axillary. 
 Bracteoles 3, large, membranous, free. Sepals 5, lanceolate, connate below. 
 
334 XXVI. MALVACEAE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Senm. 
 
 Peiah 5, combined below. Staminal-tiihe slicrhtly 5-toothed, antheriferous 
 below the summit. Filaments numerous. Ovarii 5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; 
 styles 5, stigma capitate. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, valves opposite 
 the sepals. Seeds reniform, ascending, 1 in each cell. 
 
 1. S. incana, Cav. Dm. ii. 83, t. 35, f. 3 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 838 ; Mast, 
 in Oliv. Fl. I'vop. Afr. i. 194. Serraea incana, Decaime in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2. 
 iv. 70, t. 4; Wiffh'f Ic. t. 1592. S. rupestrrs, Edgew. Cat. Band. PI. 44?; 
 Dumreichera, Hochst. in Schimp. PJ. Abyss, exsicc. 
 
 SiNDH, ou rocks, Stocks, Vicary ; ? Banda, Edgeworth — Distrib. Arabia, Abyssinia, 
 Nubia. 
 
 Leaves long-pctioled, denticulate ; stipules fugitive. Peduncles shorter than the 
 petiole, ultimately dellexed. Bracteoles oval, cordate, membranous. Calyx bell- 
 shaped. Petals obovatc, yellow or violet, exceeding the calyx, shorter than the brac- 
 teoles. Seeds pilose and with black dots. — Varies in size of calyx and bracteoles. 
 
 12. HIBISCUS, Medik. 
 
 Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves stijnilate, usually more or less palmately- 
 lobed. Injlorescence axillary. Bracteoles 5 or more, rarely fewer or 0, free, 
 or connate at the base. Calyx 5-tootlied or 5-fid, valvate, sometimes 
 spathaceous and circumsciss. Petals 5, connate at the base with the stami- 
 nal-tube. Staminal-tidje truncate or 5-toothed at tlie sinnmit ; filaments 
 many ; anthers reniform, 1-celled. O^'a^v/ 5-celled, cells .(^iposite the sepals, 
 each with 3 or more ovules ; styles 5, connate below, stigma cajntate or sub- 
 spathulate. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, sometimes with a separate endo- 
 carp, or with false dissepiments forming a spuriously 10- celled fruit. Seeds 
 glabrous, hairy or woolly. — Distrib. A genus of about 150 species, most 
 abundant in the tropical regions of both hennspheres. 
 
 Sect. 1. Trionum, Medik. Calyx membranous, 5-cleft, ventricose. 
 
 1. K. Trionum, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 453 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 840. H. 
 vesicarius, C((v. Diss. iii. 171, t. 64, f. 2 ; W. <k A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Dah. <Sc Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 19. H. dissectus, Wall. Cat. 2696. 
 
 Western Himalaya; Kashmir, Simla; Bbnoal, Coxcan, Sindh. — Distrib. S. Europe 
 and hotter parts of the Old World, 
 
 Annual, more or less pubescent. Lmrer leaves orbicular, undivided, uppor 3-5-parted, 
 lobes obovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed. Bractt^oles numerous, linear. Flowers H in. 
 diam., yellow with a purple spot. Calyx with hispid green nerves.' Capaule oblong, 
 obtuse. /iS'ee^ glabrous. — Variable in pubescence, lobing of leaf, size of flower, &c. 
 
 Sect. 2. Furcaria, DC. Calyx persistent, 5- cleft. Bracteoles distinct, 
 forked at the apex, or provided with a leafy appendage. 
 
 2. H. surattensis, lymn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 440 ; stem with recurved 
 ])rickles, stipules leafy broad ear-shaped. W. d- A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Poxfj. Fl. 
 lad. iii. 205 ; Wight Ic. t. 197 ; Cav. Diss. iii. t. 53, f. 1 ; Thivaites Enum. 
 26 : Wall. Cat. 1893, 1, 2, 3, D, E, F, G ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20 ; Mast. 
 in a'iv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 2ul ; Mirjf. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 161. H. furcatus, 
 
 Wall. Cat. 1896 C, not of Roxb.—Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 44. 
 
 Hotter parts of Ixdia, from Bengal to Penang, and CErLox. — Distrib. Tropical 
 Asia, Africii, and Australia. 
 
 A weak-stenMned trailing plant, covered with soft hairs and scattered prickles. Leaves 
 long-petioled, roundish, deeply and palmately 3-5-fid, lobes serrate. Ptduncle equalling 
 
Hibiscus.] XXVI. malvaceje. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 335 
 
 the petiole. Bracteoles linear, with a spathulate appendage. Flowers yellow, with a 
 dark centre. Capsule hairy, ovoid. Seeds downy. 
 
 3. H. furcatus, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Flor. Ind. iii. 204 ; shrubby, 
 perennial or annual, prickly, leaves 3-5-lobed, stipules lanceolate, peduncles 
 scattered. DC Prodr. i. 449; Wall. Cat 1896, 1, 2, A, 1^, D ; W. 4; A. 
 Prodr. i. 48 ; Tliwaites Enum. 26 ; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 19 ; Mast, in 
 Oliv. Ft. Trop. Afr. i. 201 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i, pt. 2, 161. 1 H. hispidis- 
 &\mu^, Griff. Notul. iv. 52. H. aculeatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 206. H. bifur- 
 catus, Roxb. ic. ined., not of Willd. or of Hort. Beng. 
 
 HoTTE.u PAKTS of India, from Bengal to Ceylon. — Djstrib. Trop. and S. Africa, 
 Asia, &c. 
 
 Stem erect, covered with soft down and with scattered slender recurved prickles, 
 risiiig from a thickened coloured base. Leaves entire or 3-lobed, serrate, pubescent 
 beneath, prickly along the nerves ; stiptiles oblong-lanceolate. Ptduncles short. Brac- 
 teoles 10-12, linear, forked. Sepals bristle-pointed. Corolla yellow with a crimson 
 centre, 4 in. diam. Capsule ovoid, pointed, as long as the calyx. 
 
 4. H. radiatus, Willd. ; Roocb. Fl. Ind. iii. 209 ; perennial, prickly, leaves 
 deeply palmately divided, stipules linear, bracteoles 8-10 linear forked with 
 or without an appendage. Cav. Diss. iii. 150, t. 54, f. 2 ; DC. Prodr. i. 449 : 
 
 W. d' A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Wall. Cat. 1894 A, B; Dalz. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20 ; 
 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 161. H. Liiidleii, Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 4; Wall. 
 Cat. 1895, 1, 2, C; Bot. Reg. 1395. H. heptapbyllus, Dalz. dh Gibs. Bomb. 
 FL 20. 
 
 Khasia Mrs., Hk. f. & T.; Sikkim, H.f.; Ava an^ Martaban, Wallich. — Djs- 
 trib. Java. 
 
 Suffrutescent. Leaves A-5 by 1 in., 3-5-lobed, lobes broadly lanceolate, serrate; 
 petiole^armed, nearly as long as the blade. Flowers axillary, soHtary, shortly peduncled. 
 Bract^'dtes not glandular. Sepals 5, not glandular. Corolla yellow with a crimson 
 centre, or all purple. P'ruit not seen. — The leaves are said to have an acid taste. 
 
 Sect. 3. Soxnbicella. Bracteoles^ distinct, entire, without appen- 
 dages. Cal(/x not distended. Seeds cottony or villous. 
 
 5. H. hirtus, L. ; W. d A. Prodr. i. 51 ; shrubby, leaves ovate entire 
 or slightly 3-lobed glandular beneath, peduncles as long as the leaves, 
 corolla spreading, Wight Ic. t. 41 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20. H. phoeniceus, 
 Willd. [excl. syn. Linn.); DC. Prodr. i. 452, partly; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 194; 
 Cav. Diss. iii. t. 67, f. 2 {excl. f) ; Wall. Cat. 1904, B, C, D, E, F. H. rosa- 
 nialabarica, Ker^ Bot. Reg. t. 337. — Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 1 ; Pluk. t. 254, 
 f. 3. 
 
 Nortii-West PROVINCES, Pcshawur, Jacquemont, Stewart; Concan, Stocks; Western 
 Peninsula, often cultivated. — Distkib, Java, 3Jiq. 
 
 Leaves 3 by 2 in., ovate, acuminate, lower often cordate and 3-lobed, serrate hairy, 
 with a large gland on the under side of the midrib, serratures in the young leaves 
 bristle-pointed; petiole 2 in., hairy; stipules linear, ^ in. Peduncle axillary, jointed 
 below the flower Bracteoles 5-7, subulate, shorter than the linear-lanceolate sepals. 
 Corolla 4 in diam., pink or white, spreading. Anthers whorled. Capsule globose, 
 shorter than the calyx. Seeds cottony. 
 
 6. ZZ. micranthus, Linn. ; Cav. Diss, iii, t. 66, f. 1 ; scabrid, leaves ovate 
 glandless, peduncles as long as or longer than the leaves, corolla reflexed. 
 DC. Prodr. i, 453 ; W. d A. Prodr. 1. 51, Thwaites Enum. -26 ; Dcdz. d 
 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20; ^fast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 205. H. rigidus, Z. M. 
 SujjjjI. 310; Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 195 ; WaV. Cat. 1905 B, C, D, E. H. clan- 
 
336 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Hibiscus. 
 
 destinus, Cav. Tc. i. t. 2. H. siiborbiculatus, Wall. Cat. 1906. H. ovalifo- 
 lius, Vahl Symh. i. 50 ; Baiss. Fl. Orient. I 839. 
 ^ Hotter parts op India, from the North West provinces eastward and southward 
 to Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Arabia, &c. 
 
 Shrubby, with slender rod-like spreading branches, thinly covered with stellate 
 bristles. Leaves |-1 in., ovate or oblong, quite entire or serrate, rough with bristly 
 hairs; petiole very short. Peduncles axillar}-, as long or longer than the leaves. 
 Bracteoles linear, shorter than thf calvx. Flowers white or pink, 4 in. diam. SepaU 
 lanceolate. Corolla reflexed. Anthers whorled. Capsule globose. Seeds cottony. — 
 Variable ; Roxburgh suspects that it may be specifically identical with H, hirtus. The 
 green capsules of both are eaten by children. The form called suborbiculatus has 
 roundish .-errated leaves, but is otherwise not different. 
 
 7. K. scindicus, Stocl'sin TTooTc. Tc. Plant, t. 802 ; a hoary undershrub, 
 leaves glandular, cuueate at the base, petals convolute. Bolss. Flor. Onent. 
 I 839. 
 
 SiNDH, Stocks. — DisTRiB. Bcluchistan. 
 
 A much branched tortuous and subspinous undershrub. Leaves snbsessile, thinly 
 bestrewn with stellate hairs, retuse, toothed ; stipules subulate. Peduncles axillary, 
 solitary, shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles 6-8, linear-sulmlate. Sepals linear- 
 lanceolate, connate at the base, longer than the bracteoles. Petals longer than the 
 calyx, twisted below into a tube. Anthers in a globose head. Ovary cells 2-ovided. 
 Capsule globose. Seeds with long wool. 
 
 8. K. intermedius, A. Mich. Fl. Ahyss. i. 50; annual, with reflexed 
 prickly hairs, leaves polymorphous glandiess, peduncle shorter than the 
 leaf. Mast, in Oliv. FL Troj\ A/r. i. 198. H. scandens, Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. 
 Fl. 20. 
 
 SiNDii, Stocks; coast of Kattywar, Dalzell. — Distrib. Arabia, East tropical Africa. 
 
 A weak-stemmed annual, with a line of hairs along one side of the branches shifiing 
 in position at each joint. Leaves entire or irregularly toothed, usually deeply 5-7- 
 parted ; lobes oblong, wedge-shaped at the base. Peduncle axillary, shorter than the 
 petiole. Bracteoles strap-shapeil, shorter than the calyx. Floivers 1 in. diara., yellow 
 with a purple centre. Sej)als lanceolate, 3-nerved, connate at the base. PetaU twice 
 the length of the calyx. Capsule beaked, hispid, valves slightly winged at the edges. 
 Seeds black, covered with appressed shining hairs. 
 
 Sect. 4. Xiagnnea, Cav. {gen.) Bracteoles small or 0. Seeds pilose or 
 smooth, nut cottony. 
 
 9. K. Solandra, T^Her. Stirp. i. 103, t. 49 ; annual, herbaceous, leaves 
 palmately lobed or entire, peduncles as lono: as the petioles, seeds tubercled. 
 Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 197. Mast, in Oliv. FL Trojh Afr. i. 20(5. H. pumilus, 
 Moxb. FL Ind. iii. 203. H. albus, Wall. Cat. 1870 E. Lagunea lobata, 
 Willd. ; Cav. Diss. v. t. 13() ; UC. Prodr. i. 474; WalL Cat. 187^, A to D ; 
 W.ti: A. Prodr. i. 55- TlmaiJes Enum. 27; Valz d: Gibs. B<nnb. FL 21. 
 Sida heterophylla and S. diversifolia, Sprenq. ex W. <£• A. Prodr. i. 56, aiftd 
 in Herb. Heyne. Solandra lobata. Murr. C(ymm. Goett vi. t. 11"; Cav. Diss. i. 
 J/antissa^ i. 55; Lam. III. t. 580. Triguera acerifolia, Cav. Diss. i. t. 11. 
 Lagunea sileniflora, Wall. Cat 1882. 
 
 Hotter parts of India, from the N. W. provinces to Sikkim and from Kumaon and 
 Birma to Ceylon. — Distrib. East tropical Africa. 
 
 Erect, slightly villous. Lower leaves on long petioles, upper palmately lobed, upper- 
 most 3-fid. Peduncles \{ in., 1-flowered, jointed near the top, arranged in a terminal 
 loose leafless raceme. Bracteoles linear, usually 0. Flower yullow, f in. diam. Sepals 
 lanceolate, 3-nervtd, connate at the base, as long as the ovoid beaked capsule. Seeds 
 blackish. 
 
Hibiscus.] XXVI. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 337 
 
 Sect. 5. BLetmia, I)C. Bradeoles entire, free or connate at the base, 
 sometimes adnate to the calyx-tube. Calyx 5-cleft, not ventricose. Seeds 
 hairy, not cottony. 
 
 * Bradeoles 5, free or connate at the base, not adnate to the calyx. 
 
 10. K. fragrans, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 195 ; arborescent, glabrescent, 
 leaves cordate-ovate acuminate, flowers axillary and terminal, peduncle 
 shorter than the leaf, bracteoles ovate connate below. Wall. Cat. 1911 A. 
 
 SiLHET, Roxburgh; Cachar, Hk. f. & T.; Assam. 
 
 A small tree. Yowig leaves 3-4 by 3 in., pubescent, serrate ; petiole ^\ in. Pedun- 
 cles axillary, panicled, 2-3 in., jointed near the top. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, connate 
 below, longer than the bracteoles. Corolla 24 in. diam., white, fragrant. Capsule 
 1 in., cylindric, downy, longer than the persistent calyx. Seeds covered with long white 
 hairs. 
 
 11. K. canescens, Heynein Wall. Cat. 2698; shrubby, leaves acutely 
 lobed, upper simple tomentose beneath, peduncles axillary shorter than the 
 petiole, bracteoles linear-subulate longer than the calyx. W. S A. Prodr. i. 
 49 ; H. septemnervosus, Wight in Wall. Cat. 2693. H. borbonicus, Wight in 
 Wall. Cat. 2694, not of Link. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Mysore, and the Carnatic. 
 
 Stem not prickly. Leaves 3^ by 3 in., roundish, cordate, minutely toothe'1, 7-nerved ; 
 petiole 3 in. Stipule 1 in., setaceous. Peduncle f in., angular. Bracteoles 1 in., 
 striated. Sepals ovate, acute, 3-nerved. Corolla yellow with a pink centre. Capsule 
 1 4 in., twice the length of the calyx, oblong, pointed, villous. Seeds downy. 
 
 12. K. scandens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Flor. Liid. iii. 200 ; {not of Wall.) ; 
 scandent, pubescent, leaves cordate-ovate sometimes lobed, flowers numerous 
 in terminal panicles, bracteoles ovate acute connate below the middle. 
 Wall Cat. 1910, 1910 B. 
 
 Tkopical Eastern Himalaya and Eastern Bengal, from Sikkim to Chittagorfg.^ 
 A shrub climbing over lofty trees. Young shoots thinly stellate-tomentose. Leaves 
 3-8 by 2-5 in., ovate-acuminate, dentate, sometimes 3-angled or 3-lobed, lobes deltcnd- 
 lanceolate ; petiole 1 in. pilose. Stipides linear-lanceolate, deciduous. .Ptdundes 1 in. ; 
 flower-buds globose. Flowers \\ in. diam. Sepals oblonir-lanceolat^sli^htly exceed- 
 ing the bracteoles. Corolla twice the size of the calyx, white or yellovv with a crimson 
 centre. Fruit not seen. 
 
 ** Bracteoles more than 5, free or connate at tJie base, not adnate to the calyx. 
 
 13. H. macrophyllus, Po',rb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; arborescent or shrubby, 
 villous, leaves entire orbicular cordate rarely lobed hispid, bracteoles large 
 spathaceous deciduous, flowers in terminal cymes. Wall. PI. As. Ear. i. 44, 
 t. 51, Wall. Cat. 1903. H. setosus, Poxb. FL Ind. iii. 194. H. vestitus, 
 Griff. Notul. iv. 519. 
 
 Eastern Bengal and the Eastern Peninsula, from Silhet *nd Chittagong to 
 Mergui and Penang. 
 
 A tree or shrub more or less covered with brown, villous, often tufted hairs. Leaves 
 large, 7-9-nerved, very hairy on the lower surface ; petiole 7-8 in., longer than the 
 blade. Stipules large, oblong, foliaceous, deciduous. Ivflorescence terminal, many- 
 flowered, cyraos-e ; pedicels 14-2 in., shaggy like the petioles with brown hairs, articu- 
 lated at the top and provided at the joint with two large spathaceous caducous bracts 
 connate below. Bracteoles 10-12, linear, 1 in., connate at the very ba.'^e, equalling the 
 calyx. Sepals 5, lanceolate, connate l)elow the middle into a bell-shaped 10-ribbed 
 tube. Corolla 4 in. diam., purple. Capsule oblong, pointed, hispid, as long as the 
 persistent calyx. Seeds densely bearded with long silky fulvous hairs. 
 
 VOL. I. 7, 
 
V 
 
 338 XXVI. MALVACEAE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Hibiscus. 
 
 14. K. coUinuSf Eoxb. Hoii. Beng. 51 ; Flor. Ind. iii. 198 ; arborescent, 
 leaves lobecl, peduncles axillary shorter than the leaves, bracteoles 8-10 
 oblong wavy free. Wall Cat. 1908 E. H. aestuans. Wall. Cat. 1908 B. 
 H. asperatus, Wall. Cat. 1908 C. H. acerifolius, DC. Frodr. i.4A8. H. erio- 
 carpus, DC. Prodr. i. 452 ; W. d' A. Frodr. i. 51 ; TJmaites Enum. 26. 
 Hibiscus simplex, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 61; G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 480 ; W. d' A. 
 Frodr. i. 51. Pavonia acerifolia. Lk. d: Otto. Ic. Fl. Select, x. t. 1. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; in the Concan, Circars, and Coromandel ; Ceylon. 
 
 Stem wilhcmt prickles. Leaves 4 in., glabrous or thinly hairy, cordate, 3-lobed ; 
 lobes oblong, narrowed at the base, acuminate, margin wavy; petiole 2 in. Stipules 
 setaceous. Peduncle 2 m. jBracfeoZe | in., nearly equal to the calyx. /Sp/?a/« oblong, 
 lanceolate, 1 nei-ved. Corolla 2-3 in. diam., pink with a dark centre; claw of petal 
 hairy. Staminal-tuhe antheriferous all the way down ; anthers whorled. Capsule 
 4 in., orbicular, depressed, densely hispid. Seeds spherical, glabrescent. 
 
 15. K. lunariifolius, Willd.; DC. Frodr. i. 451 ; herbaceous, perennial, 
 clothed with api)ressed hairs, leaves angled or lobtd, peduncles very short 
 forming a terminal leafless raceme, bracteoles 5-10 lanceolate connate at 
 the base. W. <(\ A. Frodr. i. 49 ; Wight Ic. t. 6; Thmiites Envm. 401; 
 Alast. in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i 202 ; Miq^ Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 159. H. pru- 
 riens, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 51 • Fl. Ind. iii. 196 ; Wall. Cat. 1892 ; DC. Frodr. 
 i. 448. H. racemosus, Lindt. Bot. Reg. t. 917. H. sidoides, W. d A. Frodr. 
 i. 494. 
 
 Western Peninsula, in ihe Carnatic and Mysore; Birma, Wallich; Ceylon. — 
 DiSTRiB. Tropical Africa. 
 
 Stem covered with ri^'id pungent hairs. Leaves about 3 in. diam., roundish-cordate, 
 fclij:htly and acutely 3-o-lobed, serrate, hairy beneath; petiole as long or longer than 
 the blade. Stipules subulate. Peduncles thickened below the flower, very hairy. 
 Flowers 4 in. diam., yellow, with a dark centre. Bracteoles longer than the calyx. 
 SepaU linear. Corolla convolute. Staminaltube antherilerous all the way down. 
 Capsule ovuid, beaked, clothed with pungent huirs. Seeds kidney-shaped. 
 
 16. K. pandureeformls, B;(rm. Fl. Ind. 151, t. 47, f. 2; annual or 
 I)eroniiial. witliuut i)iickles cicnsely clothed with sticky hairs, leaves cordate 
 angular tomentose, ])eduncles very short, bracteoles 7-10 linear-spathulate, 
 free. W. d A. Frodr. i. 50 ; Phwaites Emim. 26 ; Dalz. d- Gils. Bf/mh. Fl. 
 20. H. tubulosus, Cav. Diss. iii. 161, t. 68, f. 2 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Fl. 
 Ind. iii. 196; DC. Frodr. i. 447 ; Wall. Cat. 1902 E, G ; 3Iiq. FL Ind. Bat. 
 i. pt. 2, 157. H. setosus, Wall. Cat. 1902 {jiot of Roxb.). H. velutinus, DC. 
 Frodr. i. 452. 
 
 Hotter parts of India, from the North-West provinces to Birma and Ceylon. — 
 DisTHiB. 'Jropical Africa and Australia. 
 
 Leaves tomentose, hispid, whitish beneath, slightly 5-lobed, upper narrow ; petiole 
 about 2 in., shorter than the blade. iStipules linear, divided, deciduous. Peduncles | in., 
 axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles shorter than the calyx. 
 Sepals lanceolate, connate below into a cup-shaped tube. Petals yellow with a purple 
 centre or all purple. Filaments few. Capsule ovoid, very hairy. Seeds pubescent or 
 glabrous. 
 
 17. K. vitifclius, L. ; DC. Frodr. i. 450 ; annual or biennial, villous, 
 leaves :i-5-lobed, bracteoles 8-12 free, capsule 5-wii)ged. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 
 200 ; Wall. Cat. Ib99, 1, 2, 3, and E, F, G ; Cav. Diss. iii. 145, t. 58, f. 2 ; 
 W.d A. Frodr. i. 60; Th%aites Enum. 26; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20; 
 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 160. H. obtusifolius, Willd. ; DC. Frodr. Ic. ; 
 W((ll. Cat. 1899 D. H. truncatus, Roxb. Hort. Btng. 51 ; Flor. Ind. iii. 200. 
 H. serratus. Wall. Cat. 1900, 1, 2. H. cuspidatus, Edgew. Cat. Banda 
 Fl. 44.—Rfi£ed€ Hort. Mai. vi. t. 46, 
 
BiMscus.] XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 339 
 
 Hotter parts of India, from the North-West provinces to Ceylox. — Distrib. 
 Tropical Africa and Australia. 
 
 Herbaceous. Leaves tomentose on both sides, cordate, roundish or angled, 3-5 lobed, 
 lobes oblong lanceolate, coarsely serrate, lower 4 in. ; petiole 24 in. Peduncles solitary, 
 axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petiole, jointed in the middle, often aggregated at 
 the ends of the branches. Bracteoles linear, shorter than the bell-shaped 5 cleft calyx. 
 Sepals lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, connate below the middle. Petals yellow with a 
 purple spot, twice or thrice longer than the sepals. Anthers regularly arranged along 
 the whole length of the staminal tube, ^psule beaked, hairy, shorter than the calyx, 
 valves winged at the edge. Seeds tubercled. — H. truncatus, Roxb., is a variety 
 with much smaller parts. 
 
 18. H. procerus, Wall. Cat. 2692 ; perennial, prickly, leaves glabrous 
 deeply 5-7-parted, bracteoles 8-10 free linear covered with tawny tomentum, 
 sepals lanceolate bristly, corolla large. 
 
 BiRMA, Wallich. 
 
 Prickles of stem conical, with a whitish base. Leaves 8 by 5 in., roundish, deeply 
 3-7-9-partea, lobes lanceolate, serrate, glabrous, midrib prickly, upper leaves 3-part'd, 
 uppermost lanceolate ; petiole 1-2 in., lower 4 in. Stipules ^ in., linear, pilose. Pe- 
 duncles 4 in., aggregated at the ends of the branches and with the bracteoles and calyx 
 clothed with tawny tomentum. Sepals \ in. Corolla 6 in. diam., pink with a dark 
 centre. Capsule ovoid, pointed, shorter than the sepals. Seeds black, tubercled. 
 
 19. K. cannabinus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 450 ; annual or perennial, 
 prickly, stem glabrous, lower leaves entire upper lobed, mid-nerve glandular 
 beneath, peduncle very short, bracteoles 7-10 linear, shorter than the calyx, 
 sepals glandular. Ga.v. Diss. iii. 148, t. 52. f. 1 ; Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 208 ; 
 Cor. PI. i. t. 190 ; Wall. Cat. 1898 ? ; W.&A. Prodr. i. 50 ; TMvaites Evura. 
 26 ; Dak. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20. H. Wightianus, Wall. Cat. 2695 and 1898. 
 
 Generally cultivated ; apparently wild East of the Northern Ghauts. — Distrib. Culti- 
 vated, in most tropical countries. 
 
 Stem glabrous, prickly. Lower leaves cordate, upper deeply palmately lobed, lobes 
 narrow, serrate ; petiole prickly, lower much longer than the blade. Stipules liiiear, 
 pointed. ^Peduncles axillary, very short. Sepals bristly, lanceolate, connate below the 
 middle, with a gland at the back of each. Corolla large, spreading, yellow with a 
 C'-imson centre. Capsule globose, pointed, bristly. Seeds nearly glabrous. — All parts 
 agreeably acid. The .stems furnish fibre. — The specimen of II. Wightianus in Wallich's 
 herbarium is imperfect, but it is doubtless referable to this species; its leaves are 
 simple. >- 
 
 20. K. diversifolius, Jacq. Ic. PI. Par. t. 551 ; perennial, stem pubes- 
 cent covered vv^ith short stout conical prickles, leaves long-petioled scabrous 
 roundish or angular 3-5-lobed, bracteoles 10 linear very bristly half the length 
 of the calyx. Poxb. PI. Ind. iii. 208 ; DC. Prodr. i. 449 1 ; Pot. Peg. t. 381 ; 
 Ma4. in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 198. H. scaber, Wall. Cat. 1894 C, and 
 1897, 18982. 
 
 BiRMA, Wallich. — Distrib. Tropical Africa and Australia. 
 
 A tall herb or undershrub, with the branches, petioles and nerves of leaves armed 
 with hard conical prickles. Leaves variable, usually cordate, roundish, slightly lobed, 
 lobes acute, upper nearly entire, lanceolate. Peduncles very short bristly, axillary, 
 racemose. Sepals linear-lanceolate, bristly not glandular. Corolla 3 or 4 times the 
 size of the calyx. Capsule ovoid, pointed, hispid, ultimately glabrescent. Seeds 
 smooth. — The specimens from Birma do not materially differ from those grown in the 
 Calcutta garden. I refer to De Candolle's plant with doubt, as he gives as a synonym 
 H.ficulneus of Cav., quite a different plant. 
 
 21. Ki G-ibsoni, Stocks mss. ; an undershrub, branches bristly or with 
 minute prickles, leaves deeply palmately divided, peduncle longer than the 
 
 z 2 
 
340 XXVI. MALVACE^. (MaxwcU T. Masters.) [Eilnsctis. 
 
 leaves, bracteoles free linear prickly curving over the calyx. H. penta- 
 piiyllus, /'. MueH. Fragm. Pkyt. Aust. ix. 13; Mast, in Oliv. Flor. Trap. 
 Afr. i. 198 {not of Roxb.). 
 
 The Panjab, Deccan, Concan, and Sindh, Stocks, &c. — ^Distrib. Affghanistan, 
 South tropical Africa. North Australia. 
 
 Leaves 1-3 in., oblong- lanceolate, serrate, glabrous or with numerous forked hairs; 
 petiole as long as the blade. Piduncles tiolitary, axillary, Bracteoles longer than the 
 calyx. Sepals lanceolate, 5-nerved, connate below into a bell-shaped tube. Cortlla 
 twice the length of the bracts, yellow with a purple centre, or all purple. Staminal- 
 tvhe half covered with anthers. Capsule ovoid, pointed ; valves setose. Seeds pilose. 
 
 22. H. punctatus, DaheU in Dah. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. HO (18G1) ; 
 annual, stellately pubescent and glutinous, leaves ovate more or less 
 3-lobed, peduncle as long as the petiole, bracteoles 8-10 linear, shorter than 
 the calyx connate at the base, petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. H. 
 la^uueoides, Edgew. in Journ. Linn. Soc, vi. 199 (1862). 
 
 SiNbH, Stocks ; MooLTAN, Edgeworth. 
 
 A lax branching annual. Leaves distant, ronnded ovate, acute, entire or 3-lobed, 
 lobe.s oblong, sinuate-dentate ; petiole If in., shorter than the blades. Strpitlea minute, 
 sulmlate. Pedii.iicles 1-2 in., sub-paiiicled, joiutod at the top. Cali/x bell-sliaped; 
 sepals deltoid, lanceolate, connate oelow the middle. Pefa^ rose-coloured. Capsule 
 b( aked. pilose, as long as the calyx. Seeds tubercled, black. — Yields good hemp 
 (JJahell), 
 
 *^'* Bracteoles adnate to the base of the calyx. 
 
 2;3. H. SabdarlfTa, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 453 ; annual, glabrous, unarmed, 
 steuj purplish, leaves entire or lobed glandular beneath, peduncles very short 
 tliicktned at the .sumniit, bracteoles 8-12 linear adnate to the base of the 
 calyx, sepals bristly. W. d' A. Prodr. i. 52 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 158 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 1909 ; Cav. Diss, iil p. 170 ; vi 351, t. 198, f. 1. ?H. sanguineus, 
 Grif. Not. iv. 520. 
 
 Generally cultivated in the hotter parts of India, and in Ceylon. — Distbib. Culti- 
 vaJed in the Tropics. 
 
 Erect. Leaves polymorphous, midrib glandular beneath; petiole 2 in. 'Peduncle 
 solitary, axillary, shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles and calyx accrescent. Sepals 
 d'-ltoid, acuminate, conrtale below the middle into a purplish fleshy cup. Corolla 2A in. 
 diam., yellow. Capsule, ovoid, pointed, villwus, shorter than the calyx. Seeds renifurm, 
 sub-glabrous. — The liozelle of India, and Red Sorrell of the W. Indies. 
 
 Sect. 6. Abelmoschus. Calyx elongate, spathaceous, circumsciss. 
 * Bracteoles 4-6, broad ., leafy. 
 
 24. K. ficulneus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 448 : annual, prickly, leaves pal- 
 niately 3-5-lobed lobes glabrous narrowed at the base, bracteoles 5-6 lanceo- 
 late villous fugacious, capsule ovoid. Wall. Cat. 2697 B. H. prostratus, 
 Poxb. Fl. Did. iii. 208. H. strictus, Poxb. Ilort. Peng. 52 ; Flor. Did. iii. 206. 
 H. sinuatus. Car. Di^s. iii. t. 52, f. 2. Abelmoschus ficulneus, W. dA. Prodr. 
 i. 53 ; Wight Ic^ t. 154 ; Thivaites Enum. 27 ; Mvi. Fl. Did. Bat. i. pt. 2, 152. 
 Lagunea aculeata, Cav. Diss. iii. t. 71, f. 1 j DC. Prodr. i. 474. , 
 
 ITofter parts of India, from the Nokth-West rRoviNCES and Panjab to Bengal, the 
 CiiujAR.s, and Concan ("Native of the southern provinces of the Peninsula, naturalized 
 e^lsewhere, W. d: A. I.e."). 
 
 Branches shining, covered with small sharp tubercles. Youvg leaves rounded- 
 cordate, adult hispid, palmately lobed with wide sinuses, lobes unequally toothed ; 
 petiole 2^-4 in., as long «s the leaves. Stijnde.^ subulate, lanceolate, caducous. Pe- 
 duncles hall" the length of the petioles, the upper in a leafless raceme. Sepals 5, hispid, 
 
Hibiscus.] XXVI. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 341 
 
 connate for almost their whole length. Corolla 1 in. diam., white with a rosy centre. 
 Anthers equally distributed. Capsule tomentose, covered with viscid points when 
 green. /Seeds globose, sulcate, slightly pilose. — Roxburgh calls special attention to the 
 excellence of the fibre of this plant. His H. prostratus is a form with procumbent 
 branches. 
 
 25. H. pun^ens, Boxb. Ilori. Beng. 50; Fl Ind. iii. 213; annual or 
 perennial, bristly, petiole longer than the deeply-lobed leaves, lobes 
 oblong acuminate toothed, bracteoles 4-5 persistent oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate, as long as the cuspidate hispid capsule. H. vestitus, Wall. 
 Cat. 1924 partly. Bamia pungens, Wall. Cat. 1924. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft. ; Khasia Mts. 
 
 Stem erect, branches ascending, bristly and with scattered black dots. Leaves 
 5-8 in., cordate roundish, deeply palmately 7-lobed, lobes oblong acuminate, toothed, 
 upper ones 3-lobed ; petiole 8-10 in. Stipules broad lanceolate, upper linear-setaceous. 
 Peduncles 1-2 in., racemose. Bracteoles 1 in., accrescent. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 
 yellow with a purple centre, 5 in. diam. Column antheriferous throughout. Capsule 
 I in. 
 
 H. Manihot L. ; DC. Prodr. i 448 ; annual, subglabrous, leaves deeply 
 palmately-lobed, lobes linear-oblong coarsely toothed or lobulate, peduncles 
 defiexed, bracteoles 4-6 persistent ovate-lanceolate. WaU. Cat. 1926; 
 Cav. Diss. iii. 172, t. 63, f. 2. H. pentaphyllus, Moxb, Hart. Beng. 52 ; 
 Flor. Ind. iii. 212 {not of F. Muell). 
 
 Naturalized in Bengal ; introduced from China. 
 
 A tall almost glabrous herb. Leaves 5-6 by 6-7 in. ; petiole nearly as long as the 
 blade. Stipules lanceolate. Peduncles 1^ in., ultimately drooping. Flowers 5 in, 
 diam., yellow with a purple centre. Staminal-tube antheriferous all the way down. 
 Capsule oblong, pointed, hispid (5-seeded, Roxh.). 
 
 26. K. tetraphyllus, Roxh. Hart. Beng. 52 ; Fl. Ind. iii, 211 ; annual 
 hispid and slightly prickly, leaves cordate very deeply 5-7-lobed lobes 
 lanceolate crenate-toothed, bracteoles persistent broadly ovate lanceolate 
 equalling the cuspidate capsule. H. canaranus, Miq. PI. HoJienack exsicc. 
 Bamia tetraphylla. Wall. Cat. 1925. Abelmoschus tetraphyllus, Grah. Col. 
 Bomb. 14. A. Warreensis, i>a^2;. m//oo^'. /im' J^oz/yni. ^0^. iii. 123; Dalz. <k 
 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 19. Erebennus canaranus, Alefeld iii (Est. Bot. Zeit. 1863, 14. 
 
 Bengal, near Calcutta, Roxburgh; Concan, and Canara, Gibson, &c. 
 
 Stem 4-6 ft. Leaves scabrous ; petiole 2]^ in. Stijmles ovate-lanceolate. Peduncles 
 1 in., axillary, and clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles ^-f in., shorter 
 than the calyx. Floioers 2 in. diam., yellow. Capsule ovate, 5-angled, hispid, I4 in. 
 /Seeds smooth. — Dalzell, I.e., says his A. Warreensis differs from A. tetraphyllus m the 
 persistent not deciduous bracteoles, but in most of the specimens the bracteoles are 
 persistent. There is great variation in foliage and pubescence. 
 
 27. H. ang'ulosus, Mast. ; herbaceous, not prickly, leaf-lobes ovate 
 acuminate, bracteoles fugacious, capsule ovoid pointed hispid as long as the 
 calyx. Abelmoschus angulosus, W. d- A. Prodr. i. 53 ; Wig fit. Ic. t 951 ; ///, 
 i. 65 ; Thwaites Enum. 26. Bamia angulosa, Wall. Cat. 1927 ; Hymenocalyx 
 variabilis, Zenker ex Wight, III. p. 65. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Concan, Malabar, and Nilghirris Mts. ; Ceylon. 
 
 iyert?;es about 4 in., pubescent above, tomentose below, cordate, palmately 5-lobed ; 
 petiole 5-6 in. Peduncles not exceeding the petiole, densely hispid, hairs spreading. 
 Bracteoles ovate. Calyx \\ in., ovate-lanceolate, hispid; sepals slightly cohering. 
 Corolla 5 in. diam. 
 
 Var. 1. grandiflorus, Thwaites Enum. 26 ; petioles scabrous not hispid, corolla yellow, 
 seeds subpj riform. 
 
342 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Hibiscus. 
 
 Var. 2. purpureus, Thwaite?, I.e.; petiole covered with rigid spreading hairs, corolla 
 purple, seeds globose. 
 
 28. K. hostills, Wall. ms. ; annual, bristly, leaves large cordate angular 
 palmately 5-lobed lobes dentate, bracteoles 5-6 ovate-lanceolate, capsule 
 oblong-lanceoiate setose. Bamia magnifica, Wall. Cat. 1919. 
 
 BiRMA, Wallich. 
 
 Erect, s^ew glabrescent. Leaves 10 by 8 in., lobes acute; petioles of lower leaves 
 10 in. Stipules ovate-lanceolate. Peduncle 2 in., dilated at apex. Bracteoles ^ &a 
 long as the capsule, shorter than the caly«. Flowers 6-8 in. diam. Capsule 2 in. 
 long, cuspidate. 
 
 ** 
 
 JBi^adeoles generally more than 5, linear. 
 
 29. SZ. Abelinoschus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 462 ; annual, hispid, leaves 
 polymoqdioiis base cordate hastate or sagittate with acute lobes, peduncles 
 as lon^ as the petioles, bracteoles 6-12 linear much shorter than the 
 oblong-lanceolate setose glabrescent capsule. Roxh. FL IiuL iii. 202 ; Griff. 
 Not. iv. 521. Abelnioschus moschatus, Moench ; W. d'A. Prod. i. 53; Wig lit. 
 Ic. t. 399 ; Wall. Cat. 1915, F, G, H, I, K, L ; Thwaites PJnum. 27; Jliq. 
 FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 151. H. flavescens, Cav. Diss. iii. t. 70, f. 2 ; DC. I.e. 454. 
 H, spathaceus, Wall. Cat. 1913, 1913 A, 1915. H. riciiiifoliu.s, Wall. Cat. 1915. 
 H. chinensis, Wall. Cat. 1616? H. sagittifolius, /w^rz. in Journ. As. ISoc. 
 Beng. 1871, ii. p. Ai5—Rheede Ilort. Mai. ii. t. 38. 
 
 Through the hotter parts of India. — Distrib. Cultivated in most tropical countries. 
 
 Hi-rbaceous, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves usually palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes npreading, 
 oblouiT-lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed. Stipules Hnejyi, Peduncles 2 in., 
 ecjualiing the petiole. Bracteoles \i-\m. Calyx 1| in., oblong,^^oothed. Corolla 
 4 in. diam., yellow with a crimson centre. Capsule 1-3 in. Seeds renitbrm, striate, 
 musky. — Very variable. The following forms may be distinguislieJ : — 
 
 Var. 1. multiformis, Bamia Sp. Wall. Cat. 1917; lower leaves roundish-cordate, 
 upper oblong-sagitt.ite, uppermost linear-lanceolate. Birma. 
 
 V^AR. 2. betulifolius, Bamia Sp. Wail. Cat. 1918 ; leaves orbicular-cordate, bnacteoles 
 longer than in the type. 
 
 30. H. rugrosus, Mast. ; annual, hispid, bristly, leaves cordate or 
 hastate 5-lobed h)bes lanceolate serrate, peduncles racemose, bracteoles 10 
 setaceous, capsule ovoid hairy. H. hirtus. Bach, ex Roxh. PI. Ind. iii. 203, 
 not of otiiers. Bamia'rugosa, Wall. Cat. 1923. Abelmoschus rugosus, W.d;A. 
 Prodr. i. 53. 
 
 Mysore, Hamilton ; Madura hills, Wif/ht. 
 
 Stem erect, hispid not aculeate. Leaves polymorphous, lower lobed, upper lanceo- 
 late, nearly entire ; petiole nearly as long as the leaves. Stipules subulate. Brac- 
 teoles half the length of the capsule. Flowers yellow with a red centre. Capsule 1 in., 
 ovoid, 5-iingled, hairy. Sctdi numerous. — Perhaps not distinct from H. Abelmoschus. 
 
 ■W. K. cancellatus, R<k,^). Uort. Beng. 51 ; FL Ind. iii. 201 ; annual, 
 erect, very bri.stly, leaves cordate angled crenate, bracteoles 10-15 long 
 filiform incurved hispid. Abelmoschus (Bamia) crinitus, Wall. PL As. 
 Rar. i. 39, t. 44. A. racemosus. Wall. Cat. 1929 {not H. racemosus of Liiidley). 
 Bamia cancellata a7id B. fusitormis, WalL Cat. 1920, 1921. 
 
 North- West provinces, Falconer ; Kumaon, ascending to 4000 ft.; Nepal, Hamil- 
 ton; Pegu. 
 
 Root fusiform. Stem herbaceous, 2-3 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 3-5 in., cordate, roundish, 
 obtusely 5-angled, crenate-toothed, sometimes lobed, upper sagittate ; petiole 4 in. 
 Stipules linear. Peduncles much shorter than the petiole, racemose at the ends of the 
 branches, each with 2 bracts at the base. Bracteoles Hnear-setaceous, 14 in. Flowers 
 
RiMscus.] XXVI. MALVACEiE. (IVIaxwell T. Masters.) 343 
 
 4-5 in. diam., yellow with a purple centre. Anthers scattered. Capsule H in-, ovoid, 
 furrowed. /Seeds numerous, reniform. — The form called fusiformis has more deeply- 
 divided leaves than the type. 
 
 H. EscuLENTUS, L. ; DC. Frodv. i. 450 ; annual, hairy, not prickly, 
 leaves cordate 3-5-lobed lobes oblong toothed scabrous, peduncle shorter 
 than the petiole, bracteoles 8-10 deciduous equalling the calyx, capsule 
 pyramidal. Cav. Diss, iii., t. 61, f. 2. H. longifolius, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 210 ; 
 WaU. Cat. 2699 ; DC. Frodr. i. 450. Abelmoschus esculentus, W. <^ A. 
 Frodr. i. 63 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 152. 
 
 Cultivated throughout India, probably originally native. — Disteib. Naturalized or 
 cultivated in all tropical countries. 
 
 A tall herb covered with rough hairs. Leaves coarsely toothed ; petiole 6 in., more 
 or less bristly. Stipules subulate. Peduncles about 1 in. Bracteoles 1 in., linear-subu- 
 late. i^fo?t*ers yellow with a crimson centre. Staminal-tuhe antheriferous throughout. 
 Fruit <o-\0 by 1 in., pyramidal-oblong, glabrescent, cells 5-8-seeded. Seeds striate, 
 hairy. — Variable. Roxburgh distinguishes the West Indian "Ochro," H. esculentus, 
 from his IT. longifolius, but does not specify in what the difference consists, and the 
 plants are so variable that it is difficult to suppose the difference to be specific. The 
 pods are used as pot herbs and for their demulcent properties. 
 
 Sect. 7. Paritium. Trees. Bracteoles connate at the base. Capsvle 
 with false dissepiments. 
 
 32. H. tiliaceuB, L. ; DC. Frodr. i. 454; arboreous, leaves cordate 
 roundish acute rarely lobed glabrous above hoary beneath. Roxh. Fl. Ind. 
 iii. 192 ; Miq. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 153 ; BeddomeFl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 4. 
 Paritium tiliaceum, W. & A. Frodr. i. 52 j Wight Ic. t. 7 ; Wall. Cat. 1912 ; 
 Thwaites Enum. 26 ; Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17 ; Griff. Notid. iv. 523. 
 
 Coasts of both Peninsulas, BENGAii, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemi- 
 spheres, usually near the coast. 
 
 A much-branched tree. Leaves 4-5 in. diam., leathery, roundish, crenulate, abruptly 
 acumii^ate, 7-nerved, sometimes glandular beneath ; petiole 1-3 in. Stipides subulate, 
 1 in. 'i^eJw7?cZes terminal with stipule-like deciduous bracts at the base. Bracteoles 
 7-10, linear-lanceolate, connate above the middle. Calyx 1 in., about the length of 
 the bracteoles or longer. Sepals lanceolate, downy outside. Corolla 4 in. diam., cam- 
 panulate with a crimson centre. Staminal-tuhe 1^ in., antheriferous all the way down. 
 Co/jsw/e shorter than the calyx, ovoid, pointed, spuriously 10-celled, 5-valved; valves 
 pilose. Seeds reniform, thinly pilose. 
 
 Var. 1. tortuosus, stem crooked, branches twisted, capsule as long as the calyx. 
 Hibiscus tortuosus, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 192; Wall. Cat. 1912 G, 1913 B ,—Bheede, 
 Hart. Mai. i. t. 30. — In herbarium specimens I can find nothing to warrant the sepa- 
 ration of this as a distinct species, the form of leaf and relative length of the bracteoles 
 and capsule being subject to variation ; but in a native state and under cultivation they 
 look very different. 
 
 33. K. floccosus, Mast., arboreous, leaves cordate angled thinly stellate- 
 pilose on both surfaces, bracteoles connate into a bell-shaped 5-toothed 
 tube less than half the length of the calyx. 
 
 Mount Opbir, Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A. tree. Young branches and outer surface of the calyx covered with rusty floccose, 
 toraentum. Leaves 4-5 in. diam., obscurely 5-angled ; petiole shorter than the blade. 
 Peduncles racemose, terminal ; pedicels stout, 1^ in. long, jointed near the base ; brac- 
 teoles deltoid at the apex and somewhat, recurved. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, united 
 for half their length. Corolla 3 in. diam., pink, twice the length of the calyx. Petals 
 oblong-spathulate, venoso-striate, stellate-pilose on the outside. Staminal-tuhe pilose. 
 Cajisule oblong, truncate, shorter than the calyx, downy on the outside. Seeds cottony. 
 — Allied to H.ferrugineus, DC, of Madagascar. 
 
344 XXVI. MALVACE^. ' (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Hibiscus. 
 
 H. TRicuspis, £a7iks in Cav. Diss. iii. t, 55, f. 2 ; arboreous, leaves 
 3-lobed glandular beneath. DC. Prodr. i. 453; lioxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 202; 
 Wall. Cat. 1914 B. Paritium tricuspe, G. Dm, Gen. Syst. i. 485; W. <£? A, 
 Prodr. i. 52. 
 
 Cultivated in North- West India and Bengal (introduced from the Society isles, 
 Boxburgh). 
 
 Tree, herbaceous portions covered with stellate white down. Leaves 4-5 by 3 in., 
 glabrescent above, hoarj^-pubescent beneath, base cuneate or cordate, lobes lanceolate, 
 tslightly lobed; petiole '24-3 in. ^lipulea ovate. Peduncles terminal, racemose. 
 Bracteoles deciduous, ovate, leafy, half the length of the linear-lanceolate s(^pals. Co- 
 roUa yellow with a purple base. Capsule spuriously 10-celled. — Koxburgh describes 
 calyx and epicalyx as ten-parted, but this is probably an error. 
 
 PI. P.osA si"EX^[s, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 448 ; shrubby, leaves ovate acu- 
 minate nearly glabrous, jjcduncles axillary, as long or longer than the 
 adjoining leaf, staminal tube exceeding the corolla. Cav. Diss. iii. t. 69, f. 2 ; 
 Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 194; Wall. Cat. 1890 B to F. ; W. (0 A. Prodr. i. 49 ; 
 JUig. Fl. Did. Pat. i. pt. 2, 156.— Pheede, I/ort. Mai. ii. t. 17, and vi. t. 43. 
 
 Cultivated in gardens throughout India. 
 
 Stem woody, branched, not prickly. Leaves entire at the base, coarsely toothed at 
 the apex, /Stipules ensitorm. Bracteoles 6, 7, linear, half the length of the bell-shaped 
 calyx. Sepals | in., lanceolate, connate below the middle. Corolla 3 in. diam., red. 
 Capsule rounJish, many-seeded (^Loureiro). — There are numerous varieties differing in 
 coliiur, duplication, &c. The flowers are used lo blnck shoes. Roxburgh says it is 
 wild in IlindoHtan, but I have seen no wild specimens. Wight and Arnott suggest 
 that the plant shoidd be placed in section Bombicella, but the seeds are not known, 
 and the habit is more that of the section Ketmia. 
 
 There is a plant in herbaria from Griffith and others, to which the manuscript names 
 of H. Wiijtorus (not of DC), and of//. Arnotti (not of Gray), are attached. It appears 
 identical with Wallich's 1890 D, described ijj Wall. Cat. I.e. as a hybrid plant intro- 
 duced to the Calcutta garden from Mauritius and said to be a form of IL rosa sinensis. 
 
 H. MUTABiLis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 452 ; arborescent, leaves downy 
 5-ai)glc(l, jiotluucles axillary nearly as long as the leaf, bracteoles 10 linear 
 nearly distinct. Cav. Diss. iii. t. 62, f. 1 ; Poxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 201 ; W. d- A. 
 Prodr. i. 51 ; Wall. Cat. 1907, 1, 2, 3, D to G • Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 158. 
 H. sestuans, Pottler in Herb.— P/ieede Hm-t. Mai. vl 38-42. 
 
 Cultivated in gardens, native of China {lioxhurr/h). 
 
 A small tree without prickles. Leaves 4 in. diam., cordate, toothed ; petiole 3 in. 
 P(t</«<?ic/e 4-5 in., jointed near the top. Bracts shorter than the calyx. Floicers 3-4 
 in. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, connate below the middle. Corolla white or pink 
 on first opening in the morning, deep red by night. Capsule globose, flattened, hairy. 
 Se(d-i reniform, hispid. — In Dr. Brandis' herbarium there is a specimen from Martaban, 
 labelled //. venvstiis, Blume (Bijdr. 71), which differs from the Indian specimens of 
 H. mntahiUs in its more tomentose pubescence and hirsute seeds; Blume's plant, more- 
 over, is said to have 5 bracteoles, but there are more than 5 in the Martaban plants. 
 
 H. SYRIACUS, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 448 ; shrubby, leaves cuneiform ovate 
 3l->l'ed dentate, peduncle axillary jstrlong^jis-^he petiole, bracteoles linear 
 half the length of the calyx. Cav. Diss. iii. t. 69, f. 1 ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 
 195; Wall. Cat. 1891 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 157. H. rhombifolius, 
 Cav. Diss. t. 69, ex Poxb. 
 
 Cultivated throughout India and in China. 
 
 Branches destitute of prickles. Leaves 2 in., nearly or quite glabrous ; petiole short. 
 Peduncle shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles 6-7, linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 
 longer than the bracteoles. Petals obovate, longer than the calyx. Anthem in whorls 
 all the way up the column. Capsule oblong, obtuse, slightly hispid. Seeds pilose. 
 
Tkesjpesia.] xxvi. Malvaceae. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 345 
 
 13. THESPESIA, Corr. 
 
 Tall trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or lobed. Inflorescence axillary. 
 Bracteohs 5-8, arising from the thickened end of the peduncle, deciduous. 
 Cab/x truncate, minutely 5-toothed or 5-parted. Corolla convolute. SUiminal- 
 ^i^5e5-toothed at the apex. Oi'ar^ 4-5-celled ; style club-shaped, 5-turrowed, 
 entire or 5-toothed ; ovules few in each cell. Capsule loculicidal or scarcely 
 dehiscent, ^ieeds glabrous ■ or tomentose ; cotyledons conduplicate, black- 
 dotted.— A genus of few species, natives of tropical Asia, Madagascar, and 
 tJie islands of the Pacific. 
 
 1. T. Ziampas, Bah. c& Gihs. Bomb. Fl. 19; subarboreous,- herbaceous 
 portions downy, leaves palmately lobed. Hibiscus Lampas, Cav. Diss. iii. 
 ]54, t. 56, f. 2 ; DC. Prodr. i. 447 ; Roxh. Fl. hid. iii. 197 ; Wight Ic. t. 5 ; 
 ^y. (b A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Wall. Cat. 1889, 1 to 4 & E to I. Thwaites Enum. 26 ; 
 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 153. H. tetralocularis, Roxl. Fl. hid. iii. 198. 
 Azanza Lampas, Alefeld in Bot. Zeit. 1861, 297. H. gangeticus, Roxh. Ic. 
 ined. and Heyne in Herb. Paritium gangeticum, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 485. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, alt. 1-4000 ft., from Kumaon eastwards ; Bengal, the Western 
 Peninsula, Birma, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, East Tropical Africa. 
 
 Arborescent, not prickly. Leaves 5 in. diam., cordate, 3-lobed, lobes spreading, acu- 
 minate, sparingly stellate, pilose above, tomentose beneath, midrib v.'ith a glandular 
 pore at the base beneath ; petioles 2^ in., downy. Stipules subulate. Peduncles axil- 
 lary or terminal, panicled, 3-flowcred, Bracteoles 4-8, subulate, deciduous. Calyx of 
 5 subulate sepals connate below the middle. Corolla campanulate, yellow with a 
 crimson centre. Capsule ovoid, pointed, villous, 5- rarely 4-valved, valves hispid gla- 
 brescent. Seeds glabrescent. 
 
 2. T. populnea, Corr. in A7in. Mus. ix. p. 290 ; arboreous, herbaceous 
 portions covered with peltate scales, leaves entire ovate acute or acuminate. 
 Cav. Diss. iii. 152, t. 56, f. 1; DC. Prodr. i. 456; W. d' A. Prodr. i. 54; 
 Wight Ic. t. 8; Thwaites Enum. 27 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t, 63; Dah. & Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 18 ; Wall Cat. 1888, 1, 2, & C to H. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 
 150. Hibiscus populneus, L. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Flor. Ind. iii. 190. 
 H.populneoides, ^0x6. Z.c. Malvaviscus populneus, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. 253, 
 t. 135. Azanza acuminata, Alefeld Bot. Zeit. 1861, 299. — Rheede Hort. Mai. 
 i. 29. 
 
 Tropical shores of Bengal, Ceylon, and both Peninsulas. — Distrib. Tropical Asia, 
 the Pacific islands, and Africa. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 3 in. diam., cordate, roundish, acuminate, quite entire, 5-7- 
 nerved, with a glandular pore beneath between the nerves ; petiole 2\ in. Peduncle 
 axillary, shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles obsolete or 5,' oblong-lanceolate, deci- 
 duous, as long as the cup-shaped 5-toothed calyx. Cwolla 2-3 in. diam. Staminal- 
 tuhe toothed at the top ; filaments ascending. Capsule H in., oblong, depressed, scaly, 
 ultimatel y,glabrescent. Seeds pilose or powdery on the surface. — The characters assigned 
 by lloxburgh to Hi' iscits populneoides are not sufficient, as on the same specimen acute 
 and acuminate, glandular and i;landless leaves may be seen, and the characters of the 
 capsule appear equally invalid. Roxburgh describes the integument of the capsule 
 in II. j^opidneoides as double, " the exterior one, which is fragile and composed of five 
 valves, opens from the apex spontaneously when ripe, exposing the inner lamina, which 
 is remarkably strong, tough, reticulated with fibres and not opening without consider- 
 able force;" w\ierea.8 in H. populneus the integument "is single, and can be easily 
 broken by the pressure of the thamb and finger." 
 
346 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Gossypium. 
 
 14. GOSSYPZUM, Linn. 
 
 Herbs shrubs or low trees. Zeat'es palmately lobed. Perfzmc/es axillary, 
 1-tlowered, jointed. Flowers large, yellow with, or rarely without, a crimson 
 centre, or all purplish. Bmcteoles 3, large, leafy, cordate, sprinkled like the 
 calyx with black glandular dots. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate or slightly 
 5-toothed. Petals convolute or spreading. Staminal-tuhe as in Hibiscus. 
 Ovary 5-celled ; style clavate, 5-grooved at the apex with five stigmas ; 
 ovules many in each cell. Capsule bculicidally 3-5-valved. Seeds densely 
 clothed with woolly hairs ; cotyledons leafy, ])licate, sprinkled with black 
 dots.— DiSTRiB. Tropics of the Old and New World. 
 
 The very numerous forms of this genus are distributed by cultivation throughout the 
 hotter regions of the globe. Their synonymy is extremely complicated, and has baffled 
 the attempts of many authors. Wight and Arnott greally added to the confusion by 
 their attempts to reduce all the varieties to two species, G. album and G. nigrum. 
 Speaking broadly, it is not difficult to recognise the following forms. G. Stocksii is 
 wild in ISindh, and may be the primitive form of the cultivated states of G. herbaceum. 
 
 1. C Stocksll, Mast ; shrubby, branching, leaves palmately 3-5-lobed 
 lobes glabrous oblong obtuse, bracteoles deeply laciuiate, segments linear 
 lanceolate, cotton yellow adherent to the seeds and with no felted down 
 beneath. 
 
 Limestone rocks on the coasts of Sixdk, truly wild, StocJcs ; Dalzell. 
 
 Branches straggling, diflfuse. Leaves small, rounded with five roundish or obtuse 
 lobes. Floivers small, yellow. Capsule ovoid. Cotton not separable from the seed. — 
 It seems probable that this may be the wild form of the plant cultivated as G. herba- 
 ceum, and therefore the parent type of all the forms of Indian cotton. Dalzell and 
 Gibs(m (Bomb. Fl. 21) apparently confound lloxburgh's G. obtusifolivm with this 
 plant, which they say is found all over limestone rocks of the Sindh coast, tiiDUgh the 
 description they give does not apply to this, but to the cultivated form of G. herbaceum 
 just alluded to. Stocks, indeed, remarks, that in cultivation the leaves of this phint 
 assume the appearance of those of G. herbaceum. Roxburgh's G. obtusifolium, which 
 he says is a native of Ceylon, appears, moreover, from his drawing to be a form of 
 G. herbaceum. Thwaites does not mention any species as native of Ceylon. 
 
 G. HERBACEUM, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 456 ; annual or perennial, hairy or 
 subglabrous, leaf-h^bes broadly ovate acuminate, flowers yellow with a 
 purple centre rarely wholly yellow or white or purple, petals spreading, 
 bracteoles not divided below the middle, sometimes entire or nearly so, 
 cotton white or brownish, adherent to the seeds, overlying a grey or greenish 
 down. Roxh.Cor. PL iii. 269; Fl.Ind. iii. 184; Wigld Ic. t. 9, 11 ; Roylelll. 
 t. 23, f. 1 ; Wall. Cat. 1880; Cav. Diss. vi. 310, t. 164, f. 2 ; Parlators Sp. di 
 Cotoni, p. 31, t. 2; Mast, m Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr. i. 212. G. indicum, Lam. 
 Encycl. ii. 134; DC. Prodr. i. 456. G. album, W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 54. 
 G. micranthum, DC. Prodr. I.e. {in part) ; Royle III. i. 49.—P/ieede Hort. 
 Mai i. t. 31. 
 
 Cultivated ; furnishing the varieties of Indian cotton, such as Dacca and Berar. 
 
 Erect, shrubby, or herbaceous, nearly glabrous or more or less hairy, and with a few 
 scattered glandular points. Leaves cordate, 3-5- rarely 7-lobed, usually with a gland 
 on the under surface of the midrib. /Stymies ovate-lanceolate, entire or slightly toothed. 
 Peduncles shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles fequalling the capsule. C(dyx truncate, 
 or obsoletely crenulate, much shorter than the bracteoles. Petals obovate or cuneate. 
 Capsule ovate, globose, mucronate, 3-5-valved. Seeds 5-7 in each cell, ovoid ; cotton 
 white, rarely yellowish, overlying a greenish or greyish down. 
 
Gossypium.] xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 347 
 
 Var. 1. ohtusifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 183 (sp.) ; shrubby, much branched, leaves 
 3-5-lobed, lobes ovute entire, stipules falcate, bracteoles nearly entire, Wall. Cat. 1880, 
 in part. China cotton, Eoxh. I.e. 185? — This is the form found in Ava by Griffith, 
 Journals, p. 147. 
 
 Var. 2. Mrsutum, L. (sp.) ; hairy or hispid, foliage of G. herhaceum, but leaf- lobes 
 usually less rounded and more elongate, bracteoles deeply gashed as in G. harhadense, 
 petals yellow without a crimson spot, cotton white with underlying greenish or grey down. 
 G.hirsutum, L. ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 187 ; DC. Prodr. i. 456"; Wall. Cat. 1880, in part; 
 Ronle III. I, p. 100 ; Parlatore Sp. Cot. 42, tab. 5.— Yields Upland Geor-ian Cotton. 
 
 Var. 3. religiosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 185 (sp.) ; leaves hairy or subglabrous, with 
 five triangular acute lobes, stipules cordate acuminate, bracteoles deeply laciniate, 
 petals entirely yellow, seeds covered with firmly adherent short tawny down and long 
 wool of the same colour. G. religiosum, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 185 ; Cav. Diss. t. 164, f. 1 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 1885, M; ? of Linnaeus and others. — Yields Nankeen Cotton. 
 
 Var. vitifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 186 (sp.), not of others ; sub-arboreous, 
 dark purple and hairy, leaves 3-5-lobed, lobes triangular acuminate, capsules oblong, 
 seeds clothed with firmly adhering short greenish-grey down under the long fine white 
 Wool, — I have not been able to identify this variety, but it is evidently a form of G. 
 herbaceum. The G. vitifolium of Roxburgh's drawings is a different plant, 
 
 G. BARBADENSE, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 456; herbaceous or shrubby, 
 leaves nearly glabrous cordate 3-5-lobed lobes oblong acuminate, bracteoles 
 very large deeply gashed, petals convolute, yellow with a crimson spot, 
 capsule oval acuminate, seeds black, free or coherent, covered with readily 
 separable white or brownish cotton. Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 187 ; Wight IlL 
 t. 28 A and B. G. nigrum {in part), W. & A. Prodr. i. 54 ; Wall. Cat. 
 1875, D, E, G, H ; Royle III. p. 100, Cult, of Cotton, t. 3 ; Parlatore Sp. Cot. 
 49, t. iii. ; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. i. 210. 
 
 Cultivated ; yields the American varieties known as Barbadoes, Bourbon, Sea-island, 
 New Orleans, &c., Cottons. 
 
 A shrub or tall herb, herbaceous portions glabrescent, sprinkled with black dots, 
 branches purplish. Leaves 1 -glandular, deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes tapering, acuminate. 
 Stip>ioles linear-lanceolate. Peduncle thick, often glandular at the apex. Ovary ovoid, 
 pitted, 3-5-celied. 
 
 , Var. acmmnatuvi, Roxb. Ilort. Beng. 51 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 186 (sp.) ; sub- arboreous, 
 leaves 3-5-lobed, lobes oblong-lanceolate acuminate, flowers yellow with a crimson spot, 
 petals spreading, seeds black covered with easily separable white wool and adhering 
 firmly to each other. Wight 111. t. 27 ; Poyle III. i. p. 98 ; Cult. Gott. t. 3, f. 5. G. 
 peruvianum, Cav.; DC. Prodr. i. 4:5Q. G. vitifolium. Lam. Encyl. ii. 135; Roxb. Ic. 
 ined. not of Fl. Ind.; Cav. Diss t. 166; Wall. Cat. 1875, F. G. religiosum, Parla- 
 tore Sp. di Cott. bb, t. 4 [not of authors). — Yields the varieties known as Peruvian, 
 Brazilian, Kidney Cotton, &g. The plant is usually larger in foliage, flower, and cap- 
 sule than the other varieties. 
 
 G. ARBOREUM, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 456 ; arborescent or shrubby, leaves 
 nearly glabrous, _ deeply palmately 5-7-lobed lobes linear-oblong, flowers 
 purple rarely white, bracteoles nearly entire, cotton not readily separable 
 from the seed. Ropch. Fl. Ind. iii. 183 ; Wight Ic. t. 10 ; Roijle III. 23, f. 2 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 1875 J., 1881 ; Parlatore Sj). Cot. 24, t. 1; Mast, in Oliv. Fl. 
 Trop. Afr. i. 211. G. nigrum, Ham. in W. <& A. Prodr. i. 64, in part (excl. 
 syn.). G. rubicundum, Roxb. Ic. ined. and in herb.—Rheede Hort. Mai. t. 31 1 
 Barm. Fl. Ind. 150. 
 
 Plains of India, in gardens, but not generally cultivated ; Kashmir, Falconer. 
 
 A shrub or low tree, rarely a herb; branches purple, pilose. Zeares 1 -glandular, 
 lobes mucronate, contracted at the base, often with a supplementary lobe iu the sinus. 
 Stipules ensiform. Bracteoles cordate, ovate, acute. Petals spreading. Staminal- 
 !w6e antheriferous for its whole length. Capsule about 1 in., oblong-pointed. Seeds 
 «.'fee, covered with white wool overlying a dense green down. 
 
348 XXVI. MAi^VACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Kt/dia. 
 
 15. KVX>IA, Jioxb. 
 
 Trees with stellate pubescence. Leaves palminerved, usually lobed. 
 Flowers panicled, polygamous. Bracteofes 4-6, leafy, connate at the base, 
 accrescent and spreading in fruit. Sepals 5, connate below the middle. 
 Petals 5, obcordate, obli»][ue, longer than the calyx, adnate to the staminal 
 tube. Staminal-iuhe diWi^edi about the middle into 5 divisions each bearing 
 3 reniform anthers which are imperfect in the female flower. Ovary 
 2-3-celled ; style 3-cleft, .stigmas 3 peltate, imperfect in the male flower ; 
 ovules 2 in each cell, ascending. Capsule subgloDose, muticou.s, loculicidally 
 3-valved. Seeds reniform, furrowed. — Distrib. Exclu.sively Indian. 
 
 1. K. calycina, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Cor. PI. iii. 11, t. 215; Ft. 
 Ind. iii. 188 ; leaves downy beneath, bracte^les oblong downy. Wight Ic. 
 t. 879-80; W. d' A. Prodr. i. 70 ; Ualz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24 ; Beddome Fl. 
 Si/lvat. t. 3; Wall. Cat, 1176. K. Roxburghiana, Wight Ic. iii. t. 881 ; 
 
 Wall. Cat. 1177. K. fraterna, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 216; Fl. Ind. iii. 189; 
 W. & A. I.e. K. pulverulenta. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1176. 
 
 Tropical regions of the Himalaya, from Kumaon eastward, and throughout tho 
 Western Ghats. Birma, Wallich. 
 
 A treei Leaves 4-5 by .3 in., rounded, cordate, palmatelj 7-nerved, more or less lobed, 
 midlobe longest, glabrous above or with thinly scattered hairs, closely felted beneath ; 
 petiole 1-2 in. Injiorescence much branched, many-flowered. Bracteoles 4-6, oblong- 
 spat hulate, nearly as long as the calyx, ultimately spreading. Flowers white or pink. 
 /Sepals ovate, acute. Petals exceedinej the sepals, obcordate. Staminal-tube shorted 
 than the petals, branches opposite to the sepals. — The size and proportion of the parts 
 vary according to the sex ot the flower. 
 
 2. K. g^labrescens, Mast. ; leaves suborbicular slightly angled, 
 bracteoles oblanceolate glabrous. 
 
 Bhotan, Assam, and Malacca, Griffith (all the localities). 
 
 A tree, herbaceous portions sparingly hairy. Leaves 4 by 3^ in., palminerved, 
 obscurely lobed, base wedge-shaped ; petiole 2^ in. Panicle terminal ; bracteoles 4-5, 
 spreading, accrescent, ultimately 1 in. Sepals lanceolate. Capsule tho size of a small 
 pea, shorter than the incurved sepals, globose, pubescent. — I have only seen fruiting" 
 specimens. 
 
 15.-*^ ADANSONZA, Linn. 
 
 Tree with a short thick trunk and very widely spreading branches 
 forming a mushroom-shaped head. Z'^rtw.s pubescent beneath when young, 
 glal)rous digitate, deciduous. Flowers solitary, axillary, pendulous, long- 
 j)eduncled. Calyx leathery, cup-shaped, 6-cleft, bibracteolate. Petals 5, 
 exceeding the sepals, adnate below to the stamens. Staminal-tube cylin- 
 drical, dividing above into numerous filaments; anthers reniform, 1-celled. 
 Ovary 5-10-celled ; style long, exserted, divided into as many stiginatic 
 branches as there are cells to the ovary, stigmas radiating ; ovules many in 
 each cell. Fruit oblong, woody, iudehiscent ; with mealy pulp in the 
 inside. Seeds reniform, testa thick, albumen Ihin, embryo curved, coty- 
 ledons contortuplicate. — Two species are known, one the Baobab, a native 
 of Africa, not truly wild in India, and the other Australian. 
 
 A. DIGIT ATA, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 478 ; Cav. Diss. v. 298, t. 15 ; W. d A. 
 Prodr. i. 61 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 164; Thwaites Enum. 28 ; Wall. Cat. 1836 ; 
 Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 212. 
 
 Cultivated in various parts of India and Ceylon. — Djstrib. Tropical Africa. 
 
Bombax.] xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 349 
 
 16. BOMBAX, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves digitate, deciduous. Peduncles axillary or subterrainal, 
 solitary or clustered, 1-flowered. Flowers appearing before the leaves. 
 Bracteoles 0. Calyx leathery, cup-shaped, truncate or 'JrT-lobed. Petals 
 obovate. Stamens pentadelphous, bundles opposite the petals, and divided 
 above into numerous filaments ; anthers reniforra, 1-celled. Ovary 5-celled ; 
 style clavate, stigmas 5 ; ovules many in each cell. Ga'pside loculicidally 
 5-valved, valves leathery, woolly within. Seeds woolly, testa thin, albumen 
 scanty; cotyledons contortuplicate. — Distrib. A genus of about 10 species, 
 mostly tropical American, one is tropical African. 
 
 1. B. malabaricum, DC. Prodr. i. 479; trunk and branches prickly, 
 leaflets 5-7 quite entire cuspidate, base tapering, filaments ligulate half the 
 length of the petals, capsule oblong obtuse. Wight III. t. 29; W. (^ A. 
 Prodr. i. 61 ; Wall. Cat. 1840 ; Beddmie Fl. Sylvat. t. 82. Salmalia malabarica. 
 Schott. Meletem, 35 ; Thwaites Enum. 28 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 22 ; 
 3fiq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 166. Bombax heptaphylla, Cav. Diss. v. p. 296 ; 
 Roxb. Hart. Beng. 50 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 247 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 167. B. Ceiba, Barm. 
 Fl. Ind. 145 excl. syn. Gossampinus rubra, Ham. m Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 
 128.— Eheede Ilort. Mai. iii. t. 52. 
 
 Tropical Eastern Himalaya, and throughout the hotter forest regions of India, to 
 BiRMA and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra. 
 
 A large tree, covered with stout hard conical prickles ; hranches spreading. 
 Leajiets 6-12 in., glabrous ; petiole longer than the leaflets, secondary petioles 1 in. 
 Stipules small, caducous. Flowers numerous, fascicled at or near the ends of the 
 branches. Calyx L in., cup-shaped, smooth externally, silky within, margin slightly 
 lobed, ultimately irregularly cleft, deciduous with the corolla and stamens. Corolla 
 6-7 in., red or white. Petals 5, oblong, recurved, fleshy, twice the length of the stamens. 
 Staminal-tuhe short, filaments numerous, pluriseriate, 5 innermost forked at the top, 
 each with an anther, 10 intermediate shorter, outer very numerons. Style longer than 
 the stamens. Capsule 6-7 in., ovoid, downy, 5-valved, valves silky within. Seeds 
 numerous, obovate, smooth. — Cotton tree. 
 
 2. B. insig-ne, Wall. PI. Asiat. Par. i. 71, t. 79, 80 ; Cat. 1841 ; Kurz. 
 in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 61 ; trunk without prickles, leaflets 7-9 
 obovate cuspidate acuminate glaucous beneath, filaments slender two-thirds 
 the length of the petals. 
 
 BiRMA, Pegu, and the Andaman islands. 
 
 A tree, 20-30 ft. ; trunk marked with large leaf-scars. Leaflets 5 in. Flowers 
 solitaiy, large, scattered on leafless branches. Peduncles \ in., thick, club-shaped, 
 jointed at the top. Flowers 10 in. diam. ; buds globose. Calyx 1^ in., urceolate- 
 globose, truncate or slightly two-lobud. Petals 5-*6 in., linear-oblong, recurved, downy, 
 scarlet within. S/amens many. Ovary ovoid. Stigma 5-lobed. Capsule 10 by 1 in., 
 elongated, curved at the apex, glabrous. 
 
 17. BBZODENDBON, DO. 
 
 Trees. Leaves digitate, deciduous. Flowers appearing before the leaves, 
 tufted at the ends of the branches, or axillary, large white or rose coloured. 
 Bracteoles (}. CV//y/.i; cup-shaped, truncate, or 3-5-fid. P(?to^s oblong. Staminal 
 bundles 5, opposite the petals connate at the base each bearing 2-3 sinuous 
 or linear anthers. Ovary ovoid, 5-celled ; style cylindrical, dilated, stigma 
 obscurely 5-lobed. Capside oblong, coriaceous or woody, 5-celled, 5-valved, 
 valves densely silky within. Seeds globose or obovoid. testa crustaceous, 
 smooth with silky hairs, albumen scanty; cotyledons contortuplicate. — 
 
360 XXVI. MALVACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Eriodendron. 
 
 DiSTETB. A genus of about 3 species, most of them American, one occurs 
 in tropical Africa. 
 
 1. E. anfractuosum, DC. Prodr. i. 479 ; leaflets lanceolate cuspidate 
 entire or serrulate towards the point glaucous beneath. Wall. Cat. 1839; 
 W. <k A. Prodr. i. 61 ; Wioht Ic. t. 400 ; Griff. Not. iv. 533 ; Dah. & Gibs. 
 Bomb. FL 22 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 166 ; Beddoim Ft. Sylvat. Anal. 
 Gen. t. 4. Bombax pentandrum, Linn. Sjj. PI. 989 ; Cav. Diss. v. 293, t. 151 ; 
 Boxb. Fl. hid. iii. 165. B. orientale, Sfyreng. ISyst. iii. 124. Ceiba pentandra, 
 Gcertn. Fruct.u. 244, t. 133; Ilam. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 126. Erio- 
 dendron orientale, JS'tettd. Nom^ncl. 587 ; Thivaites Enum. 28. — Bheede Hort. 
 Mai. iii. t. 49, 50 ; Rumph. Amb. i. t 80. 
 
 Forests throughout the hotter parts of India and Ceylon. — Distrib. S. America. 
 W. Indies, Trop. Africa ? 
 
 A tall tree, trunk straight, tapering, prickly when young; branches horizontal, verti- 
 cillate. Leaflets 5-8, 3-4 by 1 in ; petioles at least as long as or longer than the leaf- 
 lets. Stipules small, caducous. Feauncles about 2 in., club-shaped, tnfted, 1-flowered.. 
 Calyx i in_, cup-shaped, 5-cleft, lobes roundish, glabrous on the outside, slightly downy 
 within" Petals 5, oblong, connate at the base, downy externally, yellowish within, 
 twice the length of the calyx. FilamenU shorter than the petals. Ovary conical; 
 Btyle as long as the stamens, decHnatc, dilated above the contracted base, stigma ob- 
 Bcurely 5-lobed. Cap/nf/f oblong like a cucumber; septa membranous, tardily dehi^cing. 
 iktds numerous, subpyriform, black, glabrous. — Roxburgli doubts whether the Indian 
 species be the same as the West Indian, which latter is described with an irregular 
 trunk, often ventricose or thicker above ; the shape of the fruit is also difterent. DC. 
 I.e. makes 3 varieties — 1. Indicum, above described, with flowers yellowish within ; 2. 
 Caribo'um, with rose coloured flowers ; 3. AfrUanum, to which no diftereulial cha- 
 racters are assigned. In herbaria the specimens from the East and from the West do 
 not appear to diflfer. Planchon, however (in herb.), has suggested that the name E. 
 Bhetdii be given to the Indian form. 
 
 18. CUZ.I.Z:NIA, Wight. 
 
 A tall tree. Leaves simple, scaly. Flowers fascicled in the axils of the 
 leaves. Bracteoles 3-5, connate for nearly their whole length into a de-- 
 ciduous cylindric tube, clothed, like the calyx, with jieltate scales. Sepah 
 5, connate for nearly their whole length into a deciduous cylindric tube. 
 Petals 0. iStaminal-tube 5-cleft, divisions linear, exserted, declinate ; anthers 
 small, subglobose, 1-celled, clustered at intervals on the branches of the 
 staminal-tube. Ovai-i/ 5-ceiled, style elongate, very hairy, stigma capitate ; 
 ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Emit globose, densely clothed with 
 spines, ultimately 5-valved. Seeds with a fleshy aril, albumen 0, cotyledons 
 fleshy unequal 
 
 I. C. excelsa, Wight Ic. 1761, 2 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat., Anal. Gen. 
 t. 4 ; lliwaites Enum. 28. Durio zeylanicus, Gardn. in Calc. Joum. Nat. 
 Hist. viii. 
 
 Ivamallv hills, Malabar, WigJit; Ceylon ; common in the central provinces, alt. 
 2500 ft., Tlmaites. 
 
 Leaves elliptic, acuminate, bright shining green above, silvery and densely scaly be- 
 neath. Flowers densely packed on contracted branches, short pcduncled, pointed at the 
 base. Fruit the size of a large orange. Seeds Uke a chestnut. 
 
 19. DURIO, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves entire, leathery, closely penninerved, scaly, rarely hairy 
 beneath. Flowers in lateral cymes ; peduncles angular. Bracteoles 3, connate 
 
Durio.] XXVI. malvace2e. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 351 
 
 below into a cup, tips free, deciduous. Gcdj/x bell- shaped, leathery, like the 
 bracteoles densely scaly, 5-fid, lobes valvate oblong or rounded. Petals 5, 
 contorted-imbricate, spathulate, longer than the sepals. Stammal-tube 
 divided into 4-5 phalanges opposite the petals ; filaments many, bearing 
 a globose head of sinuous 1-celled anthers, or a single annular 1-celled 
 anther. Ovari/ scaly externally, 4-5-celled; styles connate, stigmas capi- 
 tate ; ovules many and 2-seriate in each cell. Fruit very large, subglobose 
 or oblong, spiny, indehiscent or loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds arillate; 
 cotyledons fleshy, often connate.— Distkib. Malay Peninsula and islands ; 
 species 3. 
 
 1. D. Zibethinus, DC. Prodr. i. 480; leaves scaly beneath, flowers 
 about 3 in. diam., stainiual column tubular at the base only, anthers sinuous 
 in globose heads. Koen. in Trans. Linn. /Soc. vii. 266, t. 14-16 ; Eoxb. Fl. 
 Ind. iii. 399. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 167. Griff. Not. iv. 528 ; Ic. t. 596. 
 —Rumph. Amb. i. 99, t. 29. 
 
 Malacca, cultivated only? — Distrib. Malay islands. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-7 by 2-2^ in., base rounded, obovate- oblong, entire, feather- 
 veined, leathery, shining above, scaly beneath, not hairy ; petiole about 1 in., thickened 
 at the apex. Flowers in lateral trichotomous cymes ; peduncles angular, subulate. 
 Bracteoles deciduous, half the length of the calyx. Calyx bell-shaped, leathery, densely 
 clothed with large peltate scales, 5-lobed, lobes obtuse. Petals oblong, tapering at the 
 base, longer than the calyx. tStamms longer than the petals. Ooary oblong, scaly. 
 Fruit subglobose, very lari::e, somewhat woody, densely muricate, indehiscent or tardily 
 5-valved, pulpy within. S(^eds arillate. — The Durian is probably not indigenous in the 
 Malay Peninsula. Wallace (Kew. Gard. Mis. viii. 228) states that two varieties, both 
 small fruited, are indigenous in Borneo. 
 
 2. D. malaccensis, Planch, mss. ; leaves scaly beneath, flowers large 
 (about 5 in. diam.), staminal column tubular for half its length, anthers 
 sinuous in globose heads. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Birma, Brandts. 
 
 A tree, with the habit and foliage of D. Zibethinus, but with the flowers nearly 
 twice the size. Petals twice the length of the sepals. Staminal-tvhe divided, about 
 the middle only, into 5 phalanges. Ovary and fruit as in the preceding. — Perhaps the 
 ■wild form of the Durian. 
 
 3. Z>. Oxleyanus, Griff. Notui. iv. 531 ; leaves glabrous above pubescent 
 or hairy on the under surface, scaly on midrib only, flowers about 1 in. 
 diam., stamens 4-5-adelphous, anthers annular solitary on the end of each 
 filament. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 A tree, with the habit and foliage of D. Zibethinus. Calyx ventricose. Petals 
 oblong-spathulate, longer than the sepals. Staminal-phalanges 4 or 5, dividing about 
 the middle into numerous filaments each bearing a solitary anther with a thickened 
 black connective bordered by an annular cell. Ovary and fruit of D. Zibethinus, but 
 smaller. — Referred by Planchon, in Herb. Kew, to Neesia, but erroneously. 
 
 20. BOSCKZA, Korth. 
 
 Trees. Leaves simple entire, scaly beneath. Flowers small, axillary. 
 Bracteoles 2-3, connate at the base, deciduous. Calyx deeply 4-5-parted. 
 Petals linear-ligulate, entire or laciniate. Stamens many, some free, others 
 irregularly coherent, outermost without anthers ; anthers oblong, 1-celled, 
 opening by a terminal pore, solitary, or in groups of 2-6. Pollen 
 globose 3-valved. Ovary 3-5-celled, style elongate ; ovules one or 
 
352 XXVI. MALVACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Boschia. 
 
 more in each cell, ascending. Fruit oblong, 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved, valves 
 muricate, bright red. Seeds few, oblong black, with a fleshy orange- 
 coloured, cup-shaped arillus extending over half their surface ; cotyledons 
 amygdaloid; radicle next the hiluin. — DiSTiiiB. Malay Peninsula and 
 archipelago. Species 2. 
 
 1. B. Griffithii, Mast.; leaves ovate oblong cuspidate penniveined 
 scaly beneath, flowers solitary or 2-3 in short axillary cymes. Heteropyxis, 
 Grif. Notul. iv. 524 ; Ic. PL As. t. 594. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 A small tree, hark grey, wood reddish. Leaves 3-4 by 1 ^-2 in., glabrous above, 
 white and sparingly lepidote beneath ; petiole short. Stipules linear, caducous. Peduncle 
 very short. Bracteoles 2-3, deciduous. Flowers J in. diara. Calyx 4-parted, seg- 
 ments ultimately reflexed. Petals linear-spathiilate, variable in number, lon;;^er than 
 the calyx. Anthers minute. Ovary covered with spines, each tipped by a peltate 
 steUiform scale. Fruit about 2 in. Seed J in., solitary in each cell. * 
 
 21. NEESIA, Blume. 
 
 Trees. Branches marked with large leaf-scars. Leaws entire, feather- 
 veined. Stipules leafy. Inflorescence of cymes produced from the stem in 
 the axils of the fallen leaves. Bracteoles 3, connate into a canipanulate tube, 
 circumsciss and deciduous, covered, like the sepals, with peltate scales. 
 Caltfx, closed, ultimately dilated and cushion-shaped at the base, tubular, 
 ct)n]cal above, opening by a circular irregularly crenulate orifice at the top. 
 Petals 5, free, imbricate. Stamens in 5 bundles, alternate with tiie petals, 
 each dividing midway into numerous filaments, the terminal or central one 
 of which bears a 2-lobed and the lateral filaments a 1-lobed exirorse anther 
 opening lengthwise, connective thick ; staminodes 0, Ovary very shortly 
 stalked, oblong, 5-celled ; style short ; stigma conic ; ovules numerous 2- 
 seriate, horizontal, anatropous. J^'ruit ovoid, woody, muricate, loculicitlally 
 5-valved. Seeds albuminous ; aril ; cotyledons flat, leafy. (Fruit and 
 seed after Blume.) — Distrib. Two species, a Javanese and Malaccan. 
 
 1. N. sjmandra, Mast. 
 
 Penano, M(dn<iay. 
 
 A lolty tree, trunk stout. Leaves 9-12 by 4-5 in., cordate-oblong, obtuse, coriaceons, 
 minutely puberulous ; petiole 2 in. Stipules oblong, 1-nerved, li in. Peduncle stout, 
 angular, i^rw/iof /)«rj'a«,( Maingay). — This diffi-rs from Biuine's y.altlssima in tluifurm 
 of the leaf and particularly in the stamens, which are described and figured by Blume as 
 joined at the base only. Neesia Griffithii of herbaria, and upon which Bentham 
 (den. PI. i. 213) partly constructed, as it would seem, the generic character, is a true 
 Durio (Z>. Oxleyanus, Grifif.), 
 
 22. CCEXiOSTEGZA, Bentk 
 
 A tall tree. Leaves simple, quite entire, scaly beneath. Flowers axillary, 
 fascicled, subsessile. Bracteoles 3-4, scaly, combined below into a cup- 
 shaped tube. Sepals 5, lanceolate, much longer than the bracteoles, connate 
 below the middle into a 5-lobed 5-pouched cup. Petals 5, free, attached to 
 the base of the calyx and much smaller than it. Stamens in 5 bundles 
 opposite to the sepals and adherent to their bases, included; anthers small, 
 subglobose.* Ovary partly immersed in the calyx-tube, 5-celled ; cells few- 
 oviiled ; style filiform, stigma large capitate ])eltate 5-lobed. Fruit un- 
 known. — The following is the only known species. 
 
Ccelostegia.] xxvi. malvace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 353 
 
 1. C. Griffithil, Benth. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI, i. 213. 
 
 Mat.acca, Griffith. 
 
 Leaves 2|-3 in., glabrous, acuminate, base rounded ; petiole J in. Flowers ^ in. 
 diam., produced from the old wood, covered with scales. 
 
 Order XXVII. STERCULIACE^. (ByMaxwellT. Masters, F.E.S.) 
 
 Herbs, shrubs (rarely climbing), or trees, herbaceous portions usually- 
 more or less pubescent. Bark usually abounding in mucilage, inner 
 fibrous. Leaves alternate, simple, lobed or digitate, stipulate. Inflorescence 
 axillary or terminal, usually cymose. Flowers regular, uni- or bisexual. 
 ^Sepals 5, more or less connate, rarely completely so. Petals 5 or 0. Androecium 
 columnar or tubular, of many stamens, or rarely stamens few, free ; anthers 
 in heads, or in a single ring at the apex of the column, or dispersed on the 
 outside of the tube, or arranged along the edge of a cup or tube, with interven- 
 ing staminodes or sterile stamens ; anther-cells always 2, parallel or divergent. 
 Ovary free, 2-5-celied, rarely of 1 carpel, sessile or stalked ; styles consoli- 
 dated, or as many as the cells of the ovary. Ovules many or few, attached to 
 the inner angle of the carpels, anatropous, ascending or horizontal, raphe 
 ventral or lateral. i^rw^'iJ dry or fleshy, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds some- 
 times ariUate, albuminous or exalbuminous ; cotyledons leafy, flat, folded or 
 convolute, radicle pointing in various directions in different species. — 
 DiSTRiB. Abundant in the tropics of either hemisphere and in subtropical 
 Africa and Australia. Genera 40-45 ; species between 500 and 600, largely 
 represented in India and its islands, to which 2 or 3 genera and numerous 
 species are peculiar. 
 
 Tribe I. Sterculieae. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. PeUils 0. 
 Androecium columnar or sessile ; anthers clustered or disposed in a ring. 
 
 * Anthers numerous. 
 
 Ovary with 2 or more ovules in each cell; fruit dehiscent ... 1. Steuculta. 
 Ovarian cells 1-ovuled ; fruit indehiscent 2. Tarrietia. 
 
 ** Anthers 5, whorled ; fruit i?idehiscent. 
 
 3. Heritieba. 
 
 Tribe II. Kelictereae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals deciduous. An- 
 droecium columnar below, dilated above into a cup, on the margin of which 
 are placed the anthers usually alternating with staminodes. 
 
 Anthers sessile 4. Keevesia. 
 
 Anthers stipitate. 
 
 Capsule membranous, inflated 5. Klkinhovia. 
 
 Capsule more or less woody, not inflated. 
 
 Anther-cells divaricate ; seeds not winged 6. Helicteres. 
 
 Anther-cells parallel ; seeds winged 7. Pterosi'ekmum. 
 
 Tribe III. EriolaBnesB. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals deciduous. 
 Ayidroedum tubular, conical, antheriferous for nearly its whole length ; 
 staminodes 0. 
 
 8. Eriol^na. 
 
 Tribe IV. DombeyeeB. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat, persistent. 
 Androecium tubular, antheriferous at the margin ; anthers solitary or in 
 groups, alternating with staminodes. 
 
 VOL. I. A A 
 
354 XXVII. sTERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 
 
 Bracteoles caducous ; anthers 15 9. Pentapetes. 
 
 Bracteoles persistent ; anthers 5 10. Melhania. 
 
 Tribe V. KennannleeB. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals marcescent, 
 flat. Andrcecium tubular at the base only ; stamens 5, staniinodes 0. 
 
 Ovary 5- celled 11. Mei.ochia. 
 
 Ovary of 1 carpel 12. Waltheria. 
 
 Tribe YI. Buettnerleae. /*€^a/,<? concave at the base. Andrcecium \m- 
 bular ; anthers marginal, solitary or in groups between the stamiuodes. 
 
 * Stamens \-seriate, anthers 2,-^ between each staminode. 
 
 Petals with a stipitate ovate blade 13. Abroma. 
 
 Petals with a linear 2-fid blade 14. Guazuma. 
 
 *♦ 
 
 Stamens l-seriaie, anthers solitary between each staminode. 
 
 Petals with an entire or 3-fid blade; staminodes short-obtuse . 15. Boettneria. 
 Petals with a linear blade ; staminodes linear^lanceolate . . .16. Commersonia. 
 
 *** Stamens pluriseriate^ petals orbicular without appendage. 
 
 17. Leptonychia. 
 1. STURCUZiZA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, palmately lobed or digitate. InRo- 
 rescence panicled, axillary or tenninal. Flowers polygamous. Calyx tubular, 
 4-5-parted, often coloured. Petals 0. Staminal column bearing a head or 
 ring of sessile, 2-celled anthers. Pistil sessile or stipitate, of 4-5 carpels 
 opposite the sepals, each S-many-ovuled ; styles connate at the base, stigmas 
 as many as the carpels, free, radiating. Eijie carpels distinct, follicular, ses- 
 sile or stipitate, woody or membranous. Seeds 1 or many, naked, sometimes 
 arillate, sometimes winged ; albumen bipartite, flat or folded ; cotyledons 
 flat, thin, adhering to the albumen, or thick and fleshy ; radicle near to or 
 remote from the hilum. — Distrib. A genus of about 60 species, natives of 
 the tropics of both hemispheres, but specially abundant in tropical Asia. 
 
 Sect. I. Eusterculia, Endl, Follicle coriaceous or woody. Radicle 
 remote from the hilum. 
 
 * Leaves digitate. 
 
 1. S. foetlda, L, ; DC. Prodr. i. 483 ; leaflets 7-9 elliptic-lanceolate 
 adult glabrous beneath, calyx deeply 5-parted. Br. in Benn. PL Jav. 
 Mar. 227 ; Cav. Diss. v. t. 141 ; Boxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 155 ; W, 
 d: A. Prodr. i. 63; Wall. Cat. 1137; Wight Ic. t. 181, 364 ; Thwaites Enum. 
 29 ; Miquel Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii, p. 112.— Bumph. Herb. Amh. iii. 
 t. 107. 
 
 Western Peninsula, in the Concan, Malabar ; Birma, Ceylon. — DistRiB. East 
 tropical Africa, Moluccas, North Australia. 
 
 A tall tree. Branches wliorled, horizontal. Leaves crowded at the ends of the 
 branches; leaflets about 6 by 2 in., pubescent when young; petiole 8 in. ; stipules 
 eusiform, caducous. Panicles erect, oo-flowered, spreading (formed immediately under 
 the young leaves of the present year, Roxh.), branches glabrous, ultimate pedicels 
 shorter than the flower, jointed in the middle. Bracteoles minute. Calyx \-% in. diam., 
 dull orange coloured, campanulate, deeply 5-parted ; lobes oblong-lanceolate, spreading, 
 villous within, much longer than the tube. Anthers 12-15. Carpels 5, downy ; style 
 curved. Follicles as large as the fist, woody, oblong, boat-shaped, shortly beaked, 
 
Sterculia.] xxvii. sterculiace-s:. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 355 
 
 nearly glabrous. Seeds 10-15, the size of filberts, black, smooth ; albumen ; coty- 
 ledons thick, fleshy, 5-nerved, plumule developed. — The seeds are roasted and eaten as 
 chestnuts. 
 
 2. S. ▼ersicolor, Wall. PI. As. Ear. i. 48, t. 59 ; leaves peltate digitate, 
 leaflets 5-7 oblong acumftiate pubescent beneath, calyx-lobes in flexed conni- 
 vent at the tips. Wall. Cat. 1129. £r. in Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 227. 
 
 BiRMA, on limestone rocks, by the banks of the Irrawaddy, near Segaen, Wallich. 
 
 A tree 16 ft. Trunk thick, bark grey. Branches spreading. Leaflets 5-7 by 2-2^ 
 in., glabrous above, whitish-pubescent beneath; petiole 6-8 in., dilated at the apex. 
 Panicles at the ends of the branches, erect, shorter than the petioles. Flowers oo, 
 small, fragrant, orange-yellow, pedicelled. Calyx \ in., campanulate, segments oblong. 
 Staminal column curved. 9 fl. : ovary pedicelled, 5-furrowed, villous ; style short, villous, 
 stigma subpeltate, 5-lobed, lobes obtuse. 
 
 ** Leaves palmately lobed. 
 
 3. S. urens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Cor. PI. i. 25, t. 24 ; Fl Ind. iii. 145 ; 
 leaves 5-lobed velvety beneath, panicles erect, follicles armed with sharp 
 bristles. W.(h A. Prodr. i. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 1120 in part ; Dalz. <&; Gibs. Bomb. 
 Fl. 23 ; Thwaites Enum. 29 ; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 227. Miq. Fl. 
 Ind. Bat i. pt. 2, 172. Cavallium urens, Schott (k Endl. Melet. 33. 
 
 North- West India, Assam, Behar, Eastern and Western Peninsulas, Ceylon. 
 
 A soft-wooded tree, with white papery outer bark, inner fibrous. Trunk erect. 
 Branches spreading, marked with large scars. Leaves about the ends of the branches, 
 9-12 in. long and broad, rounded, base cordate, lobes entire acuminate ; petiole 6-9 in. 
 Panicle dense, terminal, oo -flowered, glandular-pubescent. Flowers small, yellow, 9 
 mixed with many 6. Calyx \ in. diam., campanulate, 5-parted, lobes acute, spreading. 
 Filaments \0. Follicles 5, oblong, radiating, yellow pubescent, with stinging hairs 
 intermixed. Seeds 3-6, oblong, black. Yields a colloid gum, and the seeds are roasted 
 and eaten. — In Wallich's herbarium, under number 1120 D, E, F {S. urens), are 
 fragments of two or three species intermixed, with no indication of the proper letters 
 pertaining to each, the leaves are digitate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, there arc 
 flowers of two species, and fruits which may be those of S. villosa. The name S. uresis 
 cannot be properly applied to any of these fragments. 
 
 4. S. villosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 153 ; leaves 5-7-lobed 
 velvety beneath and with spreading villi, panicles pendulous, follicles 
 downy. Wall. Cat. 1136, 2, 3, D. ; W. <& A. Prodr. i. 63 ; Dalz. <fc Gibs. Bomb. 
 Fl. 22 ; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. 227. 
 
 North-Western India, Bengal and Malabar, and the tropical Himalaya from 
 Kumaon eastwards. 
 
 A tree with white bark. Branches few, spreading, with large scars. Leaves 12-18 
 in. each way, glabrescent or thinly stellate-pilose above, base cordate, deeply palmately 
 5-7-lobed, lobes acuminate, sometimes 3-fid ; petiole as long as the leaf, expanded and 
 very downy at the top ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate. Panicle 12-14 in., deflexed, 
 much branched, rusty pubescent. Bracts filiform, caducous. Flower-buds globose. 
 Flowers oo, <5 and ? mixed, the former most numerous. Qalyx 4 in. diam., broadlj cam- 
 panulate, downy outside, pinkish within, 5-lobed, lobes spreading. Anthers lO. Ovary 
 globose, style recurved. Follicles 1^-2 in., oblong, spreading, rusty-villous. Seeds oblong, 
 black ; albumen bipartite ; cotyledons thin. 
 
 *** Leaves simple, not lobed, 1-nerved. 
 t Calyx-lobes hroady spreading. 
 
 5. S. gruttata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 148 ; leaves glabrous 
 above pubescent beneath oblong-ovate acute or acuminate base rounded 
 or subcordate, panicles sparingly branched. Wall. Cat. 1127, in p>a7't; 
 
 A A 2 
 
356 XXVII. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Stermlia. 
 
 W. <i; A. Prodr. I 62 ; Wight. Ic. t. 487 ; Thwaites Enum. 29 ; Dah. <k Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 23 ; Beddcme Fl Sylvat. t. 105 ; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 229. 
 S. cuneata, Heynems. in Wail. Cat 1127'. S. alata, Wall. Cat. 1127 D, 
 not of others.— ^/i^et/e Hort. Mai. iv. t. 61. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Concan, Nilghiri Mts. ; Malabar^ Eastern Peninsula, at 
 Malacca and the Andaman Isles ; Ceylon, Ambagamowa district. 
 
 A tree. Trunk straight. Bark cracked, ash-coloured, inner fibrons. Young shoots 
 pubescent. Leaves!-^ by 4 in., scabrid above, nerves stellate-pilose beneath ; petiole 
 2 in,, thinly stellate pilose ; stipules ensiform, caducous. Panicle emialling the leaves, 
 branches horizontal, rusty-tomentose ; ultimate pedicels shorter than tne flowers. Bracts 
 lanceolate. Flower-huds globose. Fioicera chiefly <J. Calyx A in., densely ru^ty- 
 downy outside, glandular within, canipanulate, 5 fid ; segments broadly ovate-acute, 
 ultimately reflexed, covered with long hairs. Anthers 12. Ovary stalked, globose, 
 3_5.1obed, ^fyZe curved, stigma 3-5-lobed. i^o///c/e« 1-5, size ofa small apple, each 
 about 3 in., obovoid, covered with reddish down, smooth, pink within. Placentas villous. 
 Seedn oblong ; testa black, brittle; between it and the second coat, which is brown and 
 tough, is a soft white sebaceous substance, innermost coat thin, membranous; albumen 
 amygdaloid ; cotyledons elliptic. 
 
 Brown, I.e., makes two vars., a vvith oblong ovate acute leaves ; and /3 with obovate 
 acuminate leaves and racemes much shorter than the leaves. — Cloth is made from the 
 bark in Malabar. 
 
 6. S. B-oxburgrlill, \yall. Cat. 1124; leaves glabrous oval or oblong- 
 lanceolate suddenly acuminate base rounded, racemes erect shorter than the 
 leaves. Wall. PI. As. Par. 2(52 ; Br. in Bmn. PI. Jav. Par. 229. S. lan- 
 ceaefolia, Poxh. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iil 150, not of Cav. S. ovaUfolia, 
 Wall. Cat. 1132. S. alata, Wall. Cat. 1125. in part. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, ascending in Sikkim 6000 ft., /. D. II. ; Silhet and 
 
 A8.SAM. 
 
 A tree. Bark ashy. Leaves 4-8 by 1-3 in,, lanceolate ; petiole J-1 in., thickened at 
 both ends; stipules subulate. liacemes 2 m., axillary, few-flowered, pedicels erecto- 
 patent sparingly stellate-pilose. 6 fl. most numerous. Calyx 4 in. diam., scarlet, cam- 
 panulate, 5-parted, segments oblong-lanceolate, spreading, longer than the tube. Fol- 
 licles 1-5, 3 in., lanceolate, beaked, downy-scaberulous, pink. Seeds 4-8, black, ovoid, 
 coats as in S. guttata (Roxb.), albumen scanty ; cotyledons thick. — Wallich's S. avail- 
 folia only difl'ers in its oval leaves. 
 
 7. S. parvifoUa, Wall. Cat. 1123; leaves glabrous lanceolate base 
 tapering, racemes simple shorter than the leaves. Br. in Btnii. PI. Jav. 
 Par. 229. 
 
 Malacca and Penang, Porter, &c. 
 
 A small tree. Branches glabrous, purplish, bark cracking, leaving whitish striae. 
 Leaves 4-6 by 1^ in.; petiole 2 in., thickened at the apex. liacemes axillary, shorter 
 than the leaf. Flowers red. Follicles 2 in., downy, oblong. Seeds black. — Specimens 
 imperfect. 
 
 8. S. striatlflora, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong-acute base tapering, 
 panicle branched shorter than the leaves, calyx funnel-shaped striated. 
 
 Birma, Griffith. 
 
 A shrub. Leaves 8-18 by 4-6 in., leathery, arch-veined, midrib prominent ; petiole 
 1 in. ; stipules subulate. Brandies of panicles erecto-patent, ultimate pedicels shorter 
 than the flowers. Bracteoles minute. Calyx { in., glabrous, pink externally, longitu- 
 dinally striated ; lobes linear, erecto-patent. — Imperfect specimens only seen. 
 
 9. S. macrophylla, Vent. Hort. 31 aim. ii. n. 91, in note; leaves glabrous 
 above tomentose beneath suborbicular quite entire base deeply cordate, 
 calyx-lobes triangular. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 230. 
 
Sterculia.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 357 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 12-16 by 10-12 in., venation arched, secondary veins proceed- 
 ing nearly to the margin before arching ; petiole downy, 6 in. Panicles deflexed, much 
 branched, nearly equalling the leaves, ultimate pedicels capillary, shorter than the 
 flowers, pubescent and hispid. Flower-buds minute, subglobose. Calyx | in., cup- 
 shaped, stellate-hairy, 5 fid ; lobes triangular, erect, shorter than the tube. Follicle 
 2 in., downy, smooth within. 
 
 10. S. lingruifolia, Afast. ; leaves glabrous oblong- obtuse base rounded 
 1-nerved, racemes slender pendulous shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes 
 linear subulate 3-4 times longer than the tube. 
 
 Tavov, Parish. 
 
 A shrub, 6 ft. Leaves 7-8 by 2 in., coriaceous ; petiole 1^ in. Flower-huds lan- 
 ceolate. Calyx I in., salmon-coloured ; lobes slightly ciliated externally, free at the 
 tips, much longer than the tube. — Imperfect specimens only seen. 
 
 11. S. pubescens, Mast. ; leaves glabrous above pubescent beneath 
 oblong obtuse or abruptly acuminate base cordate, panicle erect, calyx 
 campanulate lobes triangular acute. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree, younger portions rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in., nerves stellate- 
 hairy beneath; petiole 1| in., sulcate striated; stipules \ in., subulate. Panicle much 
 branched, as long or longer than the leaves ; ultimate pedicels jointed, pubescent, 
 spi'eading. Calyx | in., segments hairy within, equalling the tube. Ovary globose, 
 downy, style deciduous. 
 
 12. S. armata, Mast. ; leaves glabrous above downy beneath oblong 
 acute base rounded nerves hispidulous, panicle erect, calyx broadly cam- 
 panulate lobes ovate-lanceolate. 
 
 Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 A tree. Bark grey, marked with very large cordiform scars. Leaves crowded at 
 the ends of the branches, 5-6 by 2 in. ; petiole fin., rusty -hispid ; stipules ^-^ in., 
 deltoid-lanceolate, striate. Panicle as long as or longer than the leaves, erect or 
 ascending, many-flowered ; pedicels subpilose, as long as the flowers. Flower-buds 
 oblong. Calyx f in. diam., pink, 5-fid ; lobes spreading, longer than the bell-shaped 
 tube. Fruit not seen. 
 
 tt Calyx-lobes narrow incurved, frequently cohering at the tips, gaping at 
 the sides. 
 
 13. S. laevis, Wall. Cat. 1138 ; leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous 
 base tapering, panicles erect, nearly the length of the leaves, calyx sub- 
 globose, segments broadly lanceolate. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Ear. 230 ; 
 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 174. S. coccinea, Jack Mai. Misc. i. 286, not of 
 Roxb. 
 
 Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay; Pegu, Kurz. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 6-7 by 14-24 in. ; petiole 1^-2 in., thickened at the apex. 
 Peduncles very slender, ultimate pedicels spreading, as long as the flower. Bracteoles 
 very minute, subulate. PHower-buds oblong. Flowers \-% in. ; calyx-lobes linear 
 from a broad base, much longer than the tube, glabrous without, bearded within. Fol- 
 licles 14 in., woody, downy externally, smooth and crimson within, tip beaked. Seeds 
 small, oblong, b'-ick, shining. 
 
 14. S. coccinea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 151 ; leaves glabrous 
 lanceolate abruptly acuminate base tapering, panicles lax drooping, calyx- 
 segments deltoid below linear-lanceolate above 4-5 times longer than the 
 tvihe.— Wall. Cat. 1122, C ; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. 230. S. lanceolata, 
 Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1122. 
 
358 XXVII. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Stercidia. 
 
 Tropical Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, 3-6000 ft., /. 2). H"./ Bhotax, Oriffith; 
 Assam, and the Khasia Mts. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 4-8 by 1-3 in., quite entire, sometimes with scanty stellate 
 hairs beneath ; petiole 1 in., hairy, apex thickened ; stipules subulate. Panicles 
 equalling the leaves, ultimate pedicels capillary, as long as the flowers. Bractcoles 
 subulate. Flower-huds lanceolate from a broad base ; <J flowers \\ in. diam., green ex- 
 ternally, pink wiihin. Sepals incurved, woolly tips coherent or free, sometimes spread- 
 ing. Follicles 4-5 in., lanceolate, beaked, downy externally, crimson on both surfaces. 
 Seeds 4-8, ovoid, smooth, albumen scanty, bipartite. — On some specimens dimorphic 
 male fl. may be seen, the majority similar to those above described, others in which the 
 sepals are united for the greater part of their length, forming a distended, somewhat 
 fleshy, pink, accrescent bell shaped calyx, ultimately attaining a length of 2 in. This 
 hypertrophy may be the result of insect or fungus growth. 
 
 15. S. nobilis, R. Br. in Benn. Fl. Jav. Far. 231; leaves glabrous 
 oblong acuminate, panicles pendulous, calyx-segments as long as the bell- 
 shaped tube linear incurved. Mio, FL Ind. Bat. i. part 2, 175. S. Balanghas, 
 Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. H4, not of WUld. ; Wall. Cat. 1118, B, C, E. Southwellia 
 nobilis, Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 69. 
 
 Malabar, at Quilon, Wight; doubtful if wild. — Distrib. China and Sumatra. 
 
 A tree ; bark brown. Leaves 2-12 by 2-6 in. ; petiole 1 in. Panicles lax, axillary, 
 many-flowered ; ultimate pedicels filiform, glabrous, spreading horizontally. Flower- 
 huds fu8iform. <J flowers \ in. diam., fragrant, campanulate, lioary-tomentose outside, 
 rC'l within. Staminal column slender, curved. ^ llowcrs tVw. Ovary very hairy, stipi' 
 tate, 5-lobed, style curved. Follicles woody, ovoid, beaked . Seeds few, testa dark 
 chestnut, clammy, inner coat coriaceous, dull black; albumen 0; cotyledons thick. — 
 Seeds eaten as chestnuts. 
 
 16. S. Balangrhas, L.; Br. in Benn. Fl. Jav. Rar. 231, not of Roxh. ; 
 leaves pubescent beneath oblong-ovate obtuse acuminate or lanceolate base 
 rounded not cordate, panicle erect or nodding as long as the leaves, flowers 
 globular, sepals as long as the hispid bell-shaped tube, stigmas long. Wall. 
 Gat. 1118, D ; Wight, III. t 30 ; W. (0 .-1. Frodr, i. 62 ; Thwaites Enum. 29. 
 —Rlieede Hart. Mai. i. t. 49. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India and in Cetlon. 
 
 A tree ; herbaceous portions rusty-tomentose. Leaves 5-6 by 3 in. ; petiok li-2 in.; 
 stipules subulate. Panicle stellate-hairy ; pedicels longer than the flowers. Flower- 
 huds ovate, obtuse. Calt/x globose i in. diam., downy outside, hispid within, 5-cleft to 
 the middle, segments connivcnt. Stigmas recurved, as long as the style. Follicles 3 in., 
 woody, oblong acuminate, covered with rusty down. Seeds oblong, black. 
 
 Var. 1. mollis; leaves elliptic-oblong, panicles nodding, pedicels capillary pilose, 
 spreading. S. mollis, Wall. Cat. 1131, 1426, 1427; Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Bar. 
 231. — Bhotan and the Eastern Peninsula. More densely pubescent than the type, but 
 otherwise hardly distinguishable. 
 
 Var. 2. angmtifolia; leaves narrow lanceolate, panicle spreading or ascending, 
 pilose. S. angustifolia, Boxh. Hort. Bevg. 50; FL Ivd. iii. 148; Wall. Cat.W.Vi; 
 Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Bar. 231. — North-Western provinces, Nipal and Mergui. Roj^ 
 burgh describes the panicle as pendulous : I always find it ascending in herbarium 
 specimens. 
 
 Var. 3. ghhrescens ; leaves glabrescent beneatb.' Mergui, Oriffith. 
 
 17. S. rubig-lnosa, Ve7it. Hort. Malm. ii. 91, m note; leaves oblong 
 acute or abruptly acuminate glabrous Above downy beneath base rounded 
 stipules very long, panicle erect, calyx-lobes as long as the tube, stigmas 
 short. Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 232; Miq. FL Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 175. 
 S. angustifolia. Jack Mai. Misc. i. ; Hook. BoL Misc. i. 287. S. Jackiana, 
 WalL Cat 1134. 
 
Sterculia.] xxvii. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 369 
 
 BiBMA and the Eastern Peninsula. — Distkib. Java. 
 
 A tree ; herbaceous portions rusty -villous. Leaves 8-10 by 2 4 in., nerves rusty-hispid 
 beneath ; petiole ^-^ in., hispid ; stipules 1 in., subulate-lanceolate. Panicle scarcely 
 equalling the leaves, laxly hispid, mauy-flowerecl ; ultimate pedicels spreading, scarcely 
 exceeding the flowers. Flower-buds short, broadly ovate, acute. Calyx ^ in. long, 
 subglobose, lobes linear-subulate, incurved or spreading, hispid. Follicles 2 in., lanceo- 
 late, beaked, downy externally, crimson inside. JSeeds 4 in. long, black. 
 
 18. S. ensifolia, Mast. ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends apex 
 gradually acuminate stipules half the length of the petiole, panicles erect 
 half the length of the leaves, calyx-lobes much exceeding the tube, stigmas 
 short. 
 
 Penano, Philips ; Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 A tree. Zeaves 8-10 by 2^ in.", glabrous above, pubescent beneath, nerves rusty- 
 hispid beneath; petiole |-1 in., densely rusty-tomentose ; stipules filiform, half the 
 length of the petioles. Panicle few- flowered ; ultimate pedicels shorter than the flower, 
 rusty-tomentose. Flower-buds ovate- lanceolate. Calyx nearly ^ in. ; lobes linear- 
 lanceolate, sparingly hispid at the edges. Ovary 5-lobed, hispid; style curved, stigma- 
 lobes rounded, short, radiating. Follicles downy, curved, lanceolate, beaked. 
 
 19. S. parviflora, Eoxb. ffort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. hid. iii. 147 ; leaves oblong- 
 ovate acuminate glabrescent above slightly pubescent beneath base sub- 
 cordate, panicles spreading as long as the leaves, calyx minute, tube urceolate 
 5-toothed teeth inflexed. Wall. Cat. 1121 ; Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Ear. 232. 
 
 SiLHET, Wallich; Malacca and Penang, Maingay, &c. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2^-4 in. ; petiole 1^ in., apex thickened. Panicle 
 stellate hairy ; ultimate pedicels as long as the calyx, capillary, pilose. Calyx {m.^ 
 yellowish; tube longer than the 5, appressed, connivent lobes. Ovary globose, 5-lobed ; 
 style short. Follicles 2 in., downy, oblong, beaked. JSeeds oblong, black, albumen 
 bipartite. 
 
 20. S. bicolor. Mast. ; leaves oblong-acute glabrescent above hoary 
 tomentose beneath base rounded or subcordate midrib rusty subpilose 
 beneath, calyx-lobes linear incurved as long as the campanulate tube. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree 40-50 ft. Leaves 3-4 by 1^ in., coriaceous, 1-nerved, entire ; petiole 1^ in., 
 striate. Panicle many-flowered, shorter than the leaves; branches spreading or de- 
 flexed, rusty-tomentose ; ultimate pedicels longer than the flowers. Calyx $ in., 5-fid 
 to the middle. 
 
 21. S. nCaingrayi, Mast. ; leaves obovate oblong abruptly acuminate 
 glabrous base cordate, panicle erect or spreading equalling the leaves, 
 calyx-lobes linear as long as the campanulate downy tube. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves 8-9 by 3-4 in. ; petiole 3 in. Panicle erect, many-flowered ; 
 pedicels spreading, pubescent, longer than the flowers. Flowers | in. long, urceolate- 
 campanulate. Follicles 3-4 in., oblong, acuminate, downy externally, ^eeds | in. 
 oblong, black ; albumen and cotyledons fleshy. 
 
 Sect. II. Firixiiana, Marsili; Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Ear. 235 (gen,). 
 Follicles membranous, opening long before maturity. Seeds two or more ; 
 embryo transverse, radicle inferior, 
 
 22. S. color ata, Eoxh Hort. Beng. 50; Cor. PI. i. 26, t. 25 ; FLInd. 
 iii. 146; leaves glabrescent roundish palmately lobed lobes acuminate, 
 calyx tubular club-shaped covered with orange coloured down. Wall. Cat. 
 
360 xxvii. STERCULIACEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Stereulia. 
 
 1119, F. : Hook. Ic. PI. 143 : Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 23 ; W.& A. Prodr. i. 
 63. S. rubicunda, Wall. Cat. 1119, D, F, G. Firmiana colorata, Br. in 
 Benn. PI. Jav. Ear. 235 ; Thvxiites Enum. 29. Erytliropsis Ruxburghiaiia, 
 Scliott & Endl. Meld. Bot. 33. 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; Pegu, the Western Peninsula, and Ceylon. 
 
 A large tree ; trunk erect, bark ashy, branches spreading. Leaves^&-9 by 5-12 in., 
 about the ends of the branches, base cordate, 3-lobed, lobes triangular acuminate ; 
 petiole 4-9 in. ; stipules erect, lanceolate. Panicle terminal, coral-like, many-flowered ; 
 pedicels covered with orange-red tomentum. Calyx f in., tube 4 times longer thnn the 
 rounded rather obtuse lobes, orange-downy outside, pilose within; anthers 30, reniform. 
 Styles recurved. Follicles 2-3 in., stipitate, glabrous, membranous. Seeds ovoid", smooth 
 or wrinkled, of the size of a field bean. — Brown, I.e., admits 3 varieties: Var. 1, with 
 furfuraceous calyx, tube nearly 4 times longer than the lobes. Var. 2 is S.fvlgens, 
 Wall. Var. 3 has calyx-lobes covered with loose spreading stellate hairs, tube scarcely 
 three times longer than the lobes. 
 
 23. S. fulg'ens, Wall, Cat. 1136 ; leaves cordate angular obscurely lobed 
 scabrid above pubescent beneath, calyx downy cylindric tubular curved. 
 Wal^. Cat. 11192. Firmiana colorata var. /3, Br. in Btnn. PI. Jav. Par. 
 235 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat., i. pt. 2, 178. 
 
 Tropical Western Himalaya ; Knmaon, alt. 2500 ft., Strach. & Wint.; Garwhal, 
 Falconer ; Birma and the Eastern Peninsula. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves ample, 10 by 6 in., coriaceous; petiole pubescent, 12-18 in. 
 Panicle erect, branches covered with rusty-stellate down, many-flowered. Flowers 
 ^-§ in., produced before the leaves, covered with yellowish down. Calyx-lobes ovate, 
 acute, 3-4 times shorter than the tube. Follicles stipitate. 
 
 24. S. linearlcarpa, Mast. ; leaves glabrescent cordate suborbicular, 
 panicle erect, petl uncles thick compressed pilose, flowers dense, calyx 
 tubular-campanulate pilose lobes ovate acute, follicles linear-lanceolate 
 yellow downy. 
 
 Malacca, Maivgay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-12 in. each way, ample, coriaceous, entire, 7-nerved, nerves pro- 
 minent beneath; petiele 3-8 in., apex thickened. Panicle teiininal, erect, many- 
 flowered, rusty-pubescent, as long as the leaves ; pedicels spreading, jointed. Flower- 
 },uds globose. Calyx .j-j in., tube cylindric, limb rotate-campauulate ; lobes as long as 
 the tube. Staminul column slender. Follicles 3-4 in. 
 
 Sect.. III. Pterygrotaj Fndl. (gen.). Follicles woody. Seeds many, 
 winged at the apex, albuminous, radicle next the liilum. 
 
 25. S. alata, Poxb. Ilort. Beng. 50 ; PI Cor. iil 84, t. 287 ; Fl. Ind. 
 iii. 162 ; leaves cordate ovate acute glabrous, flowers nearly 1 in. flocco.se 
 tomentose, wing of seed large spongy. Wcdl. Cat. 1125. Pterygota Rox- 
 burghii, ScJwtt dj Fndl. Mdet. P. alata, Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Ear. 234. 
 S. coccinea, Wall. Cat. 1122 partly. S. Heynii, Beddome Flor. Sylvat t. 230. 
 
 Silhet and Chittagong, Roxburgh; We.stern Peninsula ; Tinnevelly, Heyne. 
 
 A large tree ; herbaceous portions covered with dense golden pubescence. Bark ash- 
 coloured. Leaves 4-10 by 3-7 in,, clustered about the ends of the branches, submera- 
 braiious, 7-nerved ; petiole 1—4 in ; stipules subulate. Panicles from the leafless 
 axils, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles caducous. Calyx campanu- 
 late, densely tomentose, deeply 5-parted, segments linear-lanceolate. Staminal column 
 I the length of the calyx. § flowers : ovaries 5, sessile ; style recurved ; ovules nume- 
 rous. Follicles 5, 5 in. diam , globose, depressed, woody, clothed with mealy pubescence 
 outside, corky within. Seeds many, oblong, compressed, wing 2 in. and upwards by 
 1^ in.; cotyledons not separable from the mealy albumen, radicle next the hilum. — 
 
Sterculia.] xxvii. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 361 
 
 Col, Beddome, who gives a good description and figure of this plant, suggests, with 
 reason, that this is the true S. alata of Roxburgh. The latter author says there is no 
 albumen, but this is an oversight. 
 
 26. S. Thwaitesii, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong acute base rounded, 
 6 fl. ^-f in., 9 nearly ^ in., wing of seed membranous scarcely spongy. 
 Pterygota alata, Thwaites Enum. 29. 
 
 Ceylon ; Banks of the Mahawelliganga, at Haragam, Thwaites. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 2 in., glabrescent, coriaceous ; petiole 1-4 in. Panicles 
 axillary, as long as the petiole. ^Zo?/;ers pubescent, Ca^i/x divided half-way down ; 
 lobes ovate, acute, as long as the bell-shaped tube. Staminal-column slender, ^ shorter 
 than the calyx. ? fl. : ovaries 3, with staminodes at the base ; styles 3 ; ovules go . 
 Follicles 3 by 2 in., woody, oblong,, obtuse. Seed obovate, wing terminal, oblong, 
 truncate, twice the length of the seed. 
 
 Sect. IV. Kildeg-ardia, Endl. Follicles membranous, winged at 
 the top, ultimately dehiscent Seeds albuminous, radicle next the hilum. 
 
 27. S. populifolia, Roxh. Hort. Bmg. 60 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 148 ; leaves 
 glabrous rounded cordate acuminate, carpels ovate ventricose terminated by 
 a membranous oblique obtuse cultrif orm wing. Wall. PI. As. Ear. 1. 3, t. 3, 
 Cat. 1128. S. populifolia, W. (k A. Prodr. i. 62. Hildegardia populifolia, 
 Br. in. Benn. PL Jav. Mar. 235. 
 
 Westekn Peninsula ; Cororaandel, Eoxhurgh. 
 
 A tree. Barh smooth ; young branches like those of a poplar, angular. Leaves 3-4 
 by 4 in., 7-uerved ; petiole 2-6 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, shorter than the 
 leaves ; branches angular, glabrous, spreading ; ultimate pedicels shorter than the 
 flowers. I'lower-huds oblong. Calyx-segments \ in., free nearly to the base, linear- 
 spathulate, downy externally. Ovary hispid, ovoid, tapering into a short style, stigma 
 5-lobed. Follicle solitary. Seeds oblong, | in. long. — De CandoUe's var. acutiuscula 
 (Prodr. i. 483) differs in its more acutely pointed leaves, but is scarcely separable 
 even as a variety. 
 
 Sect. V. Scaphiuxn, Fndl. Anthers 10-15. Stigmas lobed, subcapi- 
 tate. Follicles large, leafy, boat-shaped, dilated at the base, opening long 
 before maturity. Seed solitary, albuminous, radicle next the hUum. 
 
 28. S. scaphig^era, Wall. Cat. 1130 ; leaves glabrous, oblong-lanceolate 
 1-nerved, calyx campanulate 5-parted lobes reflex.ed. Scaphium Wallichii, 
 Br. in. Benn. PI. Jav. Kar. 236. 
 
 Martaban, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay. * 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves 12-14 by 6 in., coriaceous, base rounded; petiole 4-5 in., 
 thickened at the top. Flowers panicled. Calyx j in., pilose. $ fl. : stamens 10-14 ; 
 anthers pilose. 9 A. : ovary villous, on a long slender stalk, 2-celled, with a ring of 
 sessile anthers at the base; style filiform, stigmas 2. Follicles at first pilose, ulti- 
 mately 6-8 by 3-4 in., venoso- reticulate, 1-2-seeded. Seeds globose; cotyledons pale 
 green. 
 
 29. S. aifinis, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong base truncate 5-nerved, 
 branches of panicle downy flattened or angular, flowers very smaU. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 4-5 in., coriaceous, midrib striated beneath ; petiole 3-4 in., 
 apex thickened, striated. Panicle erect, as long as the leaves ; peduncles thickly 
 striated, angular, subpilose, spreading ; ultimate pedicels downy, densely crowded. 
 Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers \ in. Calyx-lobes ovate, longer than the funnel-shaped 
 tube. Follicle a span long, falcate, leaty, glabrescent, shining within. Seed | in., 
 solitary, oblong, black. 
 
362 XXVII. STERCULiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sterculia. 
 
 Sect. VT. Fterocymbium, Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. 219 (gen). 
 Flowers sub-hermaphrodite. Anthers 10. Styles coherent, stigmas recurvefl. 
 Follicles 4-6, nlembranous, opening long before maturity. Seed solitary, 
 albuminous ; radicle next the hilum. (Too nearly allied to Scaphium.) 
 
 30. S. oaxnpanulata, Wall. mss. ; leaves cordate ovate entire glabrous 
 above pubescent beneath 5-nerved, panicles terminal, calyx turbinate-cam- 
 panulate, seed glabrous. — Pterocymbium javanicum, Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. 
 Mar, 219, t. 45; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 179. 
 
 Pegu, Kurz. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A tree 50-60 ft. ; bark brownish. Leaves 4 by 3J in. ; petiole equalling or shorter 
 than the leaves ; stipules ^ in., subulate, caducous. Panicles terminal, ascend-* 
 ing, shorter than the leaf; pedicels jointed. Bracteoles caducous. Calyx smooth, 
 coriaceous, divided half-way down ; lobes lanceolate. Stamival colvmn pubescent 
 below. Ovaries 5, sessile, gibbous at the apex ; styles short, cohering ; stigmas filiform, 
 recurved; ovules 2, collateral, erect, anatropal. Follicles 5-6, or fewer by abortion, 
 stipitate, glabrous, tSeeds spherical, testa crustaceous, wrinkled, innermost coat mem- 
 bra.ious, between the two a woolly substance is interposed {Brown). 
 
 31. S. tubulata, Mast; leaves glabrous entire oblong abniptly 
 acuminate, cymes terminal, calyx tubular-turbinate, follicles pilose 2 in., 
 seeds pilose. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6 by 2 in., coriaceous, l-nervod, base rounded ; petiole 1 in. Cymes 
 panicled, as long as the leaves, flowers numerous. Calyx glabrous ; lobes spreading, 
 ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Staminal column slender, pilose ; anthers in a 
 ring, lobes parallel. Ovaries 5 ; styles inflexed, tips cohering. Follicles 5, 2-3 by 1 in., 
 stipitate, oblong, acute, dilated at the base. Seed ovoid. 
 
 2. TAXiaiBTIA, Blume. 
 
 Tall trees. Leaves digitate or simple, glabrous or scaly. Flowers uni- 
 sexual, panicled. Calyx tubular, small, 5-toothed. Petals 0, Staminal- 
 column short, bearing a ring of 10-15 very densely clustered anthers, cells 
 parallel. Ovary of 3-5 nearly free carpels opposite the sepals ; styles as 
 many, short hliform, stigmatose witliin ; ovules 1 in each cell. Ripe 
 mrpels of stellately spreading samaras with long falcate wings. Seeds 
 oblong ; albumen bipartible ; cotyledons flat ; radicle next the hilum. — 
 Distrib. Known species 3 or 4, natives of Australia, Java, and the Malay 
 Peninsula. 
 
 1 . T. simpllclfolia, Mast. ; leaves simple oblong quite entire apex 
 retuse slightly 2-lobed with an intervening mucro, cymes panicled as long 
 as the leaves. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-7 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous, 1 -nerved, feather-veined, nerves 
 approximate ; petiole 2 in., striate, apex thickened. Cymes many flowered. Flower- 
 huds globose. Calyx clavate-campanulate, 5-toothed, dnwny externally. S fl. : sta- 
 minal column short; anthers annular, lobes parallel, globose. 9 fl- : ovar?/ 5-lobed, 
 se^-sile ; stigmas spreading. Fruit samaroid, 3 in., oblong, obliquely spathulate, 
 glabrous. 
 
 3. KBRZTZERA, Alton. 
 
 Trees. Leaves coriaceous, simple, scaly beneath. Flowers small, uni- 
 sexual, in axillary panicles. (Jalyx 5-, rarely 4-6-toothed or cleft. Petals 0. 
 
Heritiera.] xxvii. sterculiaceje. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 363 
 
 Anthers in a ring at the top of the column, cells 2, parallel. Ovaries 5-6, 
 almost free ; style short, stigmas 5 thick ; ovules solitary in each cell. Ripe 
 carpels woody, indehiscent, keeled or winged. Albumen 0; cotyledons 
 thick ; radicle next the liilum.— A genus of 4-5 species, natives of Tropical 
 Asia, Africa and Australia. 
 
 1. K. littoralis, Dryand. in DC. Prodr. i. 484; leaves oblong base 
 rounded or subcordate, ripe carpels smooth outer margin winged inner 
 keeled. W. <k A. Prodr. i. 63 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 142 ; Thwaites Enum,. 28 ; 
 Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 237 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, p. 179 ; Dalz. <k 
 Gibs. Bmnb. Fl. 22. H. Fomes, Wall. Cat. 1139, partly ; H. macrophylla, 
 hort. Balanopteris Tothila, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. 94, t. 99. — Rheede Hort, Mai. 
 vi. t. 21. 
 
 • Coasts of Bengal and of the Eastern and Western Peninsulas and Ceylon, 
 extending inland as far as the Khasia hills and Cachar. — Distrib. Tropical coasts 
 of the Old World. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 5-8 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, white beneath, with flat scales ; petiole 
 14-4 in. ; stipules lanceolate, caducous, i flowers small, in axillary much branched 
 clusters, which are shorter than the leaves. Calyx nearly 5 in., urceolate, 6-toothed, 
 downy. ' Column s\ioxi. Anthers 5. ? ^o?/7ers larger than the <J. Calyx bell-shaped. 
 Fruits 1-4 in., oblong, woody, smooth or tubercled. 
 
 2. K. Fomes, Bmh. in Symes Ava Emb. t. 28, (1800) ; leaves broadly 
 lanceolate acuminate tapering at the base 1 -nerved, ripe carpels obovate 
 flattened furrowed on the inner edge winged on the outer. Balanopteris 
 minor, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. t. 98, f. 2. Heritiera minor, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50, 
 Fl. Ind. iii. 142. 
 
 Abundant in the Gangetic delta, extending inland to Silhet, and along the shores 
 of the Eastern Peninsula. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 A tree. Trunk straight, often deeply grooved. Leaves 4-6 by 2 in., ashy beneath 
 and scaly ; petiole 1 in. ; panicles axillary, half the length of the leaves, crowded, much 
 branched, rusty-pubescent. Flowers small, | in., orange-coloured, bell-shaped. — Much 
 used for firewood in Calcutta. 
 
 3. K. Papilio, Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 218 ; leaves lanceolate 3-nerved 
 silvery and scaly beneath, flowers monoecious, ripe carpels winged. Wall. 
 Cat. 7836. 
 
 Travancore and Southern Carnatic, at Caurtallum and Tinnevelly, Beddome. 
 
 A lofty evergreen tree, all the young parts panicles and inflorescence clothed with a 
 golden, soft, stellate tomentura. Leaves 3-5 by l\-2 in., young downy on the upper 
 surface, ultimately coriaceous, glabrous and shining beneath, permanently silvery and 
 with close-set scales ; petiole |-f in. ; stipules entire. Panicles axillary, much shorter 
 than the leaves. $ fl. : calyx campanulate, 4-5-cleft. Staminal column slender, 
 glabrous ; anthers 4-5. ? fl. : calyx ^ in., 5-C-cleft. Carpels 5-6, ultimately quite 
 glabrous, with a pair of staminodes between each. Stigmas recurved. Ripe carpel 
 samaroid, wing large, subdeltoid, membranous, like that of some butterflies {Beddome). 
 
 H. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1140; Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 237, is a species of 
 Niota. (See Rutacece.) 
 
 4. REBVESZA, Lindl. 
 
 Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple. Flowers numerous, white, in terminal 
 much branched cymes. Calyx .campanulate or funnel-shaped, 5-fid. Petals 
 clawed. Staminal-column adnate to the gynophore, bearing a globose head 
 of 2-celled anthers, cells diverging, ultimately confluent. Ovary 5-lobed, 
 
364 XXVII. STERCULiACEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Beevesia. 
 
 5-celled ; stigma sessile, 5-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, anatro- 
 pous ; raphe turned away from the placenta. Capsule woody septicidally 
 5-valved. Seeds 1-2 superposed, ascending oblong, compressed, winged 
 downwards, hilum lateral near the top ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat, 
 foliaceous, radicle inferior. — Distrib. 1 or 2 species, natives of Eastern 
 Asia. 
 
 1. Xt. Wallichli, Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 231 ad not. ; leaves thinly 
 stellate hairy beneath oblong acuminate base rounded, calyx campanulate. 
 Sterculia punduana, WalL Cat. 2701.; Griff. Itin. Notes, 73. 
 
 Eastern Tropical Himalaya ; Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft. : Bhotan, Griffith ; 
 Sikkim, /. i). ^. 
 
 A tree 50ft. Leaves 3 by 1| in., quite entire, l-nerved, thinly stellate-hairy; petiole 
 thickened at both ends ; stipules deciduous. Cymes panicled, dense, from the axils of 
 the fallen leaves, ultimate pedicels as long as the flowers, jointed, -2-bracteolate. 
 Floirer-huds pyriform. Calyx ^ in., at first closed, afterwards 5-fid. Petals white, 
 spathulate, clawed, exceeding the calyx. Staminal column slender, longer than the 
 flower, with .5 very short terminal divisions, each bearing 3 extrorse anthers; connective 
 thick. Carpels pubescent; style very short. Capsule l^-'^ in., pendulous, woody, 
 oblong, obtuse, 5-iobed, lobes keeled, septicidally dehiscent, ultimately separating 
 through the dorsal suture also. Seeds pendulous. 
 
 2. R. pubescens, Mast. ; leaves pubescent beneath oblong acuminate 
 base cordate, flowers panicled, calyx funnel-shaped. 
 
 Eastern Tropical Himalaya; Sikkira, T. Anderson; Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 A tree ; branches thinly sprinkled with stellate hairs. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 '^-j sub- 
 coriaceous, glabrescent above, pubescent beneath, nerves stellate hairy beneath ; petiole 
 1 in. Panicle terminal, many-flowered, peduncles, pedicels, and calyx pubescent, ulti- 
 mate pedicels shorter than the flower. Calyx ^ in., inf'undibuli'orm, 5lobed, lobes 
 broadly ovate acute. Petals pink, linear-spathulate, twice the lengtli of the calyx. 
 Staininul colvmn stout, 4 times longer than the calyx. Fruit not seen. — Difl'ers from 
 P. Wallichli in its pubescent, cordate leaves, and larger flowers. 
 
 5. ILIiSINHOVZA, Linn. 
 
 A tree. Leaves palminerved, ovate, acuminate, quite entire. Iriflorescence 
 terminal, lax, cymose. Bracteoles small, ensiform. Sepals deciduous. Petals 
 5, unequal, upper with longer claws, margins involute. Staminal column 
 dilated above into a bell-shaped, 5-fid cup, divisions each with 3 extrorse 
 2-celled anthers, cells divergent. Ovarij inserted in the staminal cup, 
 5lobed, 5-celled; style slender, stigma 5-fid. Capsule membranous, inflated, 
 pyriform, loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, tubercled ; albu- 
 men scanty or ; cotyledons convolute ; radicle next the hilum. — Distrib. 
 One species only. 
 
 1. K. Kospita, L.; DC. Prodr. i 488; Wall. Cat. 1152; W. d: A. 
 Prodr. i. (34 ; Roxb. Ft. Ind. iii. 141 ; Dalz. i Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 23; Beddome 
 Flor. Syivat. Anal. Gen. t. 4; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bai. i. pt. 2, 186 ; Mast, in Oliv. 
 Fl. Trap. Afr. i. 226. 
 
 Eastern and Western Peninsulas; Southern Concan, Nimmo ; (a doubtful native, 
 Gibs, and Dalz.) ; Carnatic, Malacca and Singapore, Wallich, &c. Ceylon. — 
 Distrib. Java, Philippines, East tropical Africa. 
 
 Trunk straight ; bark smooth ; branches spreading. Leaves 6-12 by 2-3 in., 5-nerved, 
 smooth on both surfaces ; petiole nearly as long as the blade ; stipules ensiform. 
 Flowers rose-coloured. Petals 5, shorter than the lanceolate sepals. Seeds tubercled. 
 
Helicteres.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 365 
 
 6. KEZ.ICTSXIES, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, more or less stellate-pubescent. Leaves simple. Floioers 
 axillary, solitary or fascicled. Calyx tubular, 5-fid, often irregular. Petals 
 5, clawed, equal or unequal, the claws often with ear-shaped appendages. 
 Staminal column adnate to the gynophore, 5-toothed or lobed at the apex ; 
 anthers in groups at the top of the column between its teeth, 2-celled, cells 
 divergent, sometimes confluent. Ovary at the top of the column, 5-lobed, 
 5-celled ; styles awl-shaped, more or less united, slightly thickened and 
 stigmatose at the tips ; ovules many in each cell. Follicles spirally twisted 
 or straight. Seeds tubercled ; albumen scanty ; cotyledons leafy, folded 
 round the radicle which is next the hilum, — Distrib. About 30 species, 
 natives of the tropics of both hemispheres, most abundant in America. 
 
 Sect. I. 'SpirocarpaBa. Ripe carpels spirally twisted. 
 
 1. H. Isora, L. : DC. Prodr. i. 475 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 143 ; W. <^ A. 
 Prodr. i. GO ; Wall. Cat. 1179 ; Dalz. d; Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 22 ; Thwaites Enum. 
 28; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 5; Wight Ic. t. 180; Miq. Fl. Ind. 
 Bat. i. pt. 2, 169. H. chrysocalyx, Miq. in PL Hohen. H. Roxburghii, 
 G. Don Gen. Syst. i. bOn.—Rheede Hmrt. Mai. vi. t. 30. 
 
 Dry forests throughout Central and Western India, from Behar, as far West as 
 Jamu, the Western Peninsula, and Cevlon. — Distrib. Java, North Australia. 
 
 Arborescent or shrubby. Leaves 3 by 2J in., bifarious, obliquely cordate, roundish 
 obovate, often lobed, shortly acuminate, serrate, scabrous above, pubescent beneath ; 
 petiole \ in., as long as the linear subulate stipules. Peduncles 2-3 together, in a short 
 axillary cyvnQ. Bracteoles small, subulate. Fhioers 1^ in. Calyx gibbous, laterally 
 compressed, somewhat 2 -lipped. Petals reflexed, red at first, fading to lead colour, very 
 unequal in size, 2 lower much the largest, claw winged. Staminodes 5 eraarginate 
 scales. /Stamens 10; anthers ovate. -PrM?i cylindric, beaked, pubescent. 
 
 Var. 1. tomentosa; under side of leaves tomentose, W. & A. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 
 1179 F. — The Western and Central forms are mostly of this variety. 
 
 Var. 2. glahrescens ; under side of leaves nearly glabrous, W. & A. I.e. ; Wall. Cat. 
 1179 C partly, E partly. — Miquel's H. chrysocalyx is a large-flowered form of this 
 variety, to which most of the Southern forms belong. 
 
 Sect. IT. Orthocarpeea. Ripe carpels straight, not spirally twisted. 
 
 2. K. ang-ustifolia, L. ; DC Prodr. i. 476 ; leaves glabrous above 
 cano-tomentose beneath, ripe carpels stellate-pilose sometimes mossy. 
 Wall. Cat. 1180. H. lanceolata, DC. Prodr. i. 476. H. virgata, Wall, 
 Cat. 1181. Oudemansia integerrima, Miq. PI. Jimgh. i. 296; Fl. fnd. Bat. 
 i. pt. 2, 170. O. integerrima var. j3 angustifolia, Hassk. Hwt. Bog. i. 98 ; 
 Miq. I.e. 
 
 Mergui, Griffith; Malacca. — Distrib. Java, Siam, China. 
 
 Shrubby, Leaves 3 by ^ in. ; base tapering, 3-nerved, entire or minutely serrulate ; 
 petiole 4 in. Cymes racemose-fasciculate ; peduncles 1 in. Calyx 5 in. Petals linear, 
 longer than the stamens, with two teeth at the base of the limb. Carpels 4 to f in-> 
 oblong, obtuse, apiculate. — Varies in breadth of leaf and amount of pubescence. 
 
 3. K. elong'ata, Wall. Cat. 1845; leaves obliquely oblong-lanceolate 
 serrate thinly stellate hiiry above pubescent and stellate-hairy beneath, 
 ripe carpels stellate-hairy c r m >ssy. 
 
 AvA, at Taong Dong ; Birma, Griffith, WalUch ; Eastern Bengal, Sikkim, alt. 
 1000 ft., /. D. if.— Distrib. Yunan. 
 
 A diffuse, stragijling shrub ; branches very slender, stellate hairy. Leaves 3 by 1 J in. ; 
 petiole ^-4 in. Cymes elongate, terminal, nearly as long as the leaves, many-flowered. 
 
366 XXVII. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Helicteres. 
 
 Bracteoles setaceous. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-fid ; lobes deltoid-lanceolate, pubescent. 
 Car2>el8 5, 1-1^ io., oblong, beaked. — Varies in amount of pubescence, and m shaggi- 
 iiess of capsule. The Himalayan forms have subglabrous leaves and very shaggy 
 carpels. 
 
 4. K. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 1184; leaves thickly stellate hairy above 
 pubescent beneath oblong obtuse entire base rounded, cymes spicate, 
 ripe carpels shaggy oblong obtuse. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, 
 ii. 62. 
 
 Tavov, Gomez; Mergui, Griffith; MoviMEim, Lobh; Feqv, M^Lelland; Andaman 
 Iblvs., Kurz. — Distrib. China. 
 
 Shrubby, herbaceous portions ferruginous. Leaves 2\-A by 1 in., quite entire 
 3-nerved, petiole \ in. Cymes not much exceeding the petiole ; pedicels with 3 minute 
 setaceous bracteoles beneath the flower. Floicer-buds ovoid. Flowers small, \ in. 
 Calyx cylindric campanulate. Bipe carpels scarcely 1 inch. 
 
 5. K. g-labriuBCula, VTaU. Gat. 1185; leaves obliquely lanceolate 
 base cordate thinly stellate-hairy serrulate, ripe carpels short stellate-hairy. 
 ? H. spinulosa, ^yall. Cat 1847. 
 
 AvA, at Pronie, Wallich; Birma, Griffith. 
 
 Shrubby, diflFuse ; branches very slender, virgate, purple, glabrescent. Leaves 4|-4 
 by 4-1 i in. ; petiole \ in. ; stipules subulate, deciduous, as long as the petiole. Flowers 
 gpicate ; peduncles half the length of the leaf. Ripe carpels ^-\ in., oblong, beaked, 
 stellate-hairy. — Flowers not examined. 
 
 6. K. spicata, Cohhr. in Wall. Cat. 1845, B. 1182; leaves stellate- 
 hairy above downy beneath oblong lanceolate acuminate, base obliquely 
 subcordate, cymes elongated spike-like, ripe carpels long shaggy. H. vestita, 
 Wail Cat. 1844. H. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 1183 partly. H. grewiaefolia, Wall. 
 Cat. 1443. , H. hirsuta ?, Herb. Ham. in Wall Cat. 26«6. 
 
 From SiKKiM, Assam, and Ava, to Penano. — Distrjb. Malayan Archipelago to 
 China (cult.?). 
 
 Shrubby. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in., varying in breadth from ovate-oblong to lanceo- 
 late, unequally serrate; petiole |-f in. ; stipules setaceous, as long as the petiole. 
 Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 3-flowered ; pedicels shorter than the flower. Calyx 
 nearly J in., bell-shaped, curved, distended at the base, downy. Ripe carpels 14-lf 
 in. ; stalks exserted From the persistent calyx, oblong-lanceolate, beaked, very shaggy. 
 — Variable. The following form is sufficiently distinct to be made a separate variety. 
 
 Var. lanigera, pubescent, leaves thinly hairy with simple hairs above pubescent 
 and stellate hairy beneath coarsely and irregularly toothed, ripe carpels oblong very 
 densely shaggy. H. lanigera, Wall. Cat. 1846. 
 
 The plant labelled in Wall. Cat. 2687 as H. longifolia and also as ff. carthagenensis 
 is apparently a form of this species with narrow leaves ; but it is too imperfect to be 
 accurately determined. 
 
 7. K. plebeja, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 67 ; shrubby, 
 scabrous, leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong dentate, ripe caq)els 
 stellate-tomentose and muricate. 
 
 Arracan, Kxirz. 
 
 Leaves 3-5 in., mostly petioled, base rounded, slightly hispidulous or subglabrous 
 above, stellate-hispid and scabrous beneath, densely cano-tomentose when young. 
 Cymes few-flowered. Flowers small, yellowish. Calyx ^-\ in., stellate -hairy:- Petals 
 longer than the calyx (Kurz l.c.) 
 
 7. PTEROSPERBXUZa, Schreb. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, scaly or stellate-tomentose. Leaves usually bifarious, 
 leathery, oblique, simple or lobed, penninerved. Peduncles 1-3 axillary 
 
Pterospermum.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 367 
 
 and terminal. Bracteoles entire, laciniate, persistent or caducous. Calyx 
 of 5 more or less connate sepals. Petals 5, deciduous with the calyx. 
 Staminal column short, bearing, opposite to the sepals, 3 linear 2-celled 
 anthers between each pair of five antipetalous ligulate staminodes ; cells 
 parallel ; connective apiculate. Ovary inserted within the top of the 
 staminal column, 3-5-celled; style entire, stigma 5-furrowed ; ovules many 
 in each cell. Capsule woody or coriaceous, terete or angled, loculicidally 
 5-valved. Seeds winged above, attached in two rows to the inner angle of 
 the cells of the capsule ; albumen thin or ; cotyledons plaited or cor- 
 rugated, radicle inferior. — Disteib. A genus of about 15 species, confined 
 to troiHcal Asia. 
 
 * Bracteoles linear, entire, very caducous. 
 
 1. P. Jacklanum, Wall. Cat. 1164; leaves rusty-pubescent beneath 
 oblong abruptly acuminate undulate entire base 1-nerved, flowers sub- 
 sessile, capsule ovoid acute. — P. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1165. 
 
 Penang, Jack, Wallich, &c. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-4 by l|-2 in., oblique, nerves stellate-hairy beneath ; petiole 5 in. ; 
 stipules caducous. Flowers solitary, axillary, If in. cliam. Bracteoles minute, linear- 
 subulate. Flower-huds lanceolate, 5-ribbed. Sepals 2 in., linear-lanceolate, rusty- 
 tomentose externally, villous within. Petals half the length of the sepals. Capsule 
 14 by 1 in., terete, shortly stalked, covered with flat scaly hairs, 5-celled. 
 
 2. P. suberifoliuxu, Lam. III. t. 676, f . ii. 7iot of Roxh. ; leaves creamy- 
 pubescent beneath oblong abruptly acuminate coarsely toothed or somewhat 
 lobed towards the apex base cuneate rounded or subcordate 4-nerved, 
 capsule ovoid or obovoid-terete, seeds 4 in each cell. W. <k A. Prodr. i. 68. ; 
 Thwaiies Emun. 30 ; Dalz. <^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24 ; Wight in Hook. Bot. 
 Misc. iii. t. 26; Wall. Cat. 1166; 1172 in part. P. canescens, Roxb. Hart. 
 Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 1162. P. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1165? Pentapetes sube- 
 rifolia, L. ; Cav. Diss. iii. t. 43, f. 2. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Madras, Pondicherry, &c. ; Ava, at Amherst, Wallich; Ceylon, 
 Thwaites. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in,, coriaceous, glabrous above, nerves stellate- 
 hairy not prominent ; petiole | in., rusty pilose. Peduncles axillary, twice as long as 
 the petiole. Bracteoles very caducous. Flower-buds oblong. Flowers 1| in. diam., 
 white, fragrant. Sepals oblong, revolute. Petals linear-oblong, obtuse, equalling the 
 calyx. Cells of ovary 4-ovuled. Capsule 1-2 in., subangular, tapering to both ends, 
 4-5-valved, valves covered with dense fluffy pubescence. Seeds 2-4 in each cell. — 
 The Amherst specimen (P. oblongum, Wall.) is imperfect, and may belong to another 
 species, probably to P. Jachianum, according to a fmit preserved in the Kew 
 Museum. 
 
 3. P. diversifolium, Blume Bijdr. 88 ; leaves hoary beneath obovate- 
 oblong acuminate sinuate rarely peltate 3-5-lobed base cordate 1-nerved, 
 capsule large subclavate-oblong 5-angled. P. acerifolium, Zoll. & Atorr. Sy&t. 
 Verz. 27, ecccl. syn. Willd. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay ; Southern Carnatic, at Tinnevelly, Beddome. — Distrib. 
 Java, Philippines. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 2| in., coriaceous, veins arched, rusty-pilose; petiole 1 in. ; 
 stipules entire. Peduncles shorter than the petioles. Flower-buds linear-oblong. 
 Bracteoles entire, slrap-shaped. Sepals 5-6 in., linear, rusty -tomentose outside, silky 
 within. Ovary d 'wny, shorter than the style. Capsule 8-10 in. ; woody, sulcate, 
 tapering to the stalk. 
 
368 XXVII. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pterospermum. 
 
 ** Bracieoles laciniate or palmately divided.. 
 
 4. T. rnbisinosvLm, Hey7if 171 Wall. Cat. 1168, 1168 B; leaves nisty- 
 pubescent beneath obliquely ovate-lanceolate entire base 4-nerved, capsule 
 oblong beaked 5-angled 5-f urrowed. W. d' A. Prodr. i. 68 ; Beddome Flor. 
 Sylvat. t. 106. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Canara at Telliclierry, Bottler ; Travancor at Quilon, Wight. 
 
 A shrub ; branches slender, rod-like. Leaves 2 by | in., upper smaller, coria'jeous, 
 obliquely cordate, midrib with 2 nerves on one side and one on the other, basal lobe 
 rounded, often overlapping the corresponding lobe of the adjoining leaf; petiole \-\ in. ; 
 stipules oblique, laciniate. Peduncles ^-f in- Bracteolcs caducous. Floictrhxids 
 oblong, downy. Fioivers 1| in. diam. /Sepals 1 in., linear, rusty-tomentose. Capsule 
 2 in., ultimately glabrous. 
 
 5. P. acerifolluxn, Wllld. ; DC. Prodr. i. 500 ; leaves roundish or 
 oblong sihiple or lobed entire or coarselv toothed palmately nerved base 
 cordate often peltate, peduncles shorter than the petioles, capsule stipitate 
 oblong angled sulcate glabrescent. Boj^j. II art. Beng. 50 ; Fl. hid. iii. 158 ; 
 W.dc A. Prodr. i. 69 ; Wight Ic. t. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 1170. P. aceroides, Wall. 
 Cat. 1171 ; Kurz in Journ. Ai. Soc. Beiuj. 1873, ii. 62. Pentapetes acerif olia, 
 Cav. Diss, iil t. 44. 
 
 From the N. West Himalaya, in Kumaon, alt. 4000 ft., to Cbittagong, Tenasserim 
 and the Concan. Both Roxburgh and Wight question it being a native either of 
 Bengal or the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Java (native?). 
 
 A large tree; bark smooth, herbaceous portions floccose-pubescent. Leaves 10-] 4 
 by 6-12 in., polymorphous, palmately 7-12-nerved, adult glabrescent above, cano pube- 
 scent beneath, nerves prominent beneath and stellate-hairy ; petioles like the midrib, 
 striated, lower as long or longer than the blade ; stipules multifid, caducous. Flower- 
 luds oblong, obtuse, 5-aiigled, rusty-tomentose outside. Bracteoles caducous. Flowers 
 5-6 in. diam., pure white, fragrant, i'kpals linear-oblong, internally villous. Petals 
 linear-oblong, somewhat cuneate, but little shorter than the calyx. Staminodes club- 
 shaped. Ovary oblong, 5-angled, 5-celled, cells many-ovuled. Capsule 4-6 in. long, at 
 first covered with a reddish fluffy crust, 5celled, 6-valved. JSeeds numerous in each cell, 
 obliquely ovoid, compressed ; wing large, thin ; tes'a brown, smooth ; albumen scanty, 
 mucilaginous; cotyledons thin, folded (Koxb.). — The flowers render water gelatinous. 
 
 6. F. Bemisag-ittatum, Ham. in Poxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 160; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate entire base very oblitjuely cordate or sagittate auricled on one 
 side, bracteoles deeply laciniate, capsule elliptic-oblong terete. Wall. Cat. 
 1167. 
 
 Chittagono, H. f. & T. ; Birma, Wallich, Griffith ; Tenasseeim, at Martaban, 
 WaUich. (Carnatic, probably cultivated.) 
 
 A large tree. Bark ash-colourcd, herbaceous portions very downy. Leaves 5-6 
 by If in., glabrescent above, hoary beneath, 5-7 -nerved, auricle often as long as the 
 petiole which is 1 in. ; stipules pinnatifid. Flowers terminal and axillary, generally 
 solitary on short, rusty-tomentose, drooping peduncles, 5-6 in. diam., pure white. 
 Bracteoles conspicuous. Flower-huds lanceolate. /Sepals linear, tomentose outside, 
 pubescent within. Petals obliquely obovate-cnneate, stellate-hairy externally. /Stami- 
 nodes as long as the style. Capsule woody, 2-3 by 1.^ in., covered with dense yellow 
 flufTv down. iSeeds about 10 in each cell, winged much as in P. acerif olium. — 
 Dr. Brandis informs me that the geographical distribution of this species needs further 
 enquiry. 
 
 7. P. lancecefolium, Poxh. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 163 ; leaves 
 lanceolate and 1-nerved acuminate base rounded, capsule ovoid acute, 
 obscurely 5-angled. Wall. Cat. 1172. 
 
 North- West Himalaya, Kumaon, Madden; Silhet, Boxhurgh; the Khasia Mts. 
 ascending to 4000 ft. ; Tenasseuim at Tavoy, WaUich. 
 
Pterospermum.] xxvii. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 369 
 
 A tree. /S'^oo^s slender, virgate, hoary. Leaves 3-6 by 1| in., glabrescent above, 
 covered with whitish or cream-coloured tomentum beneath, nerves stellate-hairy ; petiole 
 very short. Stipules 2-3-fid, subulate-lanceolate, as long as the petiole. Peduncles 
 axillary, half the length of the leaves, dilated at the top. F loioer-huds oblong, striated. 
 Floioers 2-3 in. diam., sweet-scented, white. Sepals linear, rusty-pubescent, villous 
 within. Petals obliquely cuneate, longer than the sepals. Capstde 3 by 14-2 in., 
 elliptic, covered with light grey down. Seeds 2-4 in each cell. 
 
 8. P. reticulatum, W. & A. Frodr. i. 69 ; leaves pubescent beneath 
 oblong entire or coarsely toothed towards the apex acuminate 3-nerved 
 base cuneate, peduncles longer than the petioles, capsule oblong acute slightly 
 angular furrowed, seeds 4 in each cell. 
 
 Malabar ; on the Naggar hills, Wight. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4 by 1^ in., coriaceous, whitish beneath, nerves prominent, nisty 
 stellate-hairy ; petiole very short. Peduncles 3-flowered. JBracteoles 3-sect, segments 
 linear. Flowers 1^ in. diam. /6'e/;aZs Hnear-lanceolate. PefaZs obovate oblong. Staminodes 
 filiform. Ovary with about 6 ovules in each cell. Capsule 3 in., furfuraceous. 
 
 9. P. Keyneanum, Wall. Cat. 1169; leaves oblong acuminate coarsely 
 toothed or lobed near the apex 4-5-nerved base cuneate subcordate rarely 
 peltate, peduncles as long as the petiole, capsule oblong acute obscurely 
 6-angled scarcely furrowed, seeds 8-10 in each cell. W. S A, Frodr . i. 69 ; 
 Wight Ic. t. 489. P. suberifolium, Willd. Sjj. iii. 728 ; Bot. Mag. 1526 ; 
 Eoxh. Hort. Benq. 50; FL Ind. iii. 160. P. Lawianum, Nimmo in Grah. 
 Cat. Bomb. PI. 246 ; Dalz. (h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24. Pentaglottis suberifolia, 
 Wall. Cat. 1169, parti I/. Velaga xylocarpa, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. 245, t. 133. 
 
 Mountainous tracts throughout the Western Peninsula. 
 
 A middle-sized tree, herbaceous portions rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3^ in., 
 variable in form and size, coriaceous, rarely lobed or peltate, whitish beneath, nerves 
 prominent 'rusty-pilose ; petiole pubescent, ^ in. Stipules deciduous, ensiform. 
 Bracteoles persistent, imbricate, deeply gashed. Flowers large, pure white, fragrant. 
 Sejials 2 in., oblong, revolute, hairy outside. Pe^aZs obovate, spreading. Capsule 2 in., 
 pointed at both ends, more or less deeply furrowed at the sides, at first densely fur- 
 furaceous, afterwards glabrescent. — The nervation of the leaves varies in different 
 specimens, or even on the same ; when the leaves are entire the secondary nerves 
 are arched, when coarsely toothed or lobed they are strictly feather- nerved the 
 secondary nerves running out directly into the lobes. 
 
 10. P. g-labrescens, W. & A. Prodr, i. 69 ; leaves obovate shortly and 
 suddenly acuminate base cuneate cordate or subpeltate 5-nerved, stipules 
 entire, peduncles as long as the petioles, capsule large oblong 5-angied 
 beaked cells 10-12-seeded. Wall. Cat. 1169, imrily .—Blmede Hort. Mai. vi. 
 t. 58. 
 
 Hills of the Western Peninsula ; the Concan, Malabar, and Coromandel. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6 by 3^ in., coriaceous, glabrescent above, a.shy pubescent beneath, 
 nerves conspicuous, rusty-pilose ; petiole ^-4 in. Stijmles ligulate, entire, half the 
 length of the petiole. Bracteoles deciduous. Flower-buds ovoid, acute. Flowers 
 4 in. diam. Sepals hnear-oblong, villous within. Petals oblong, nearly as long as the 
 sepals. Capsule 5-6 in., stipitate, at first covered with floccose rusty tomentum, after- 
 wards glabrous. — It is not quite certain that the flowers above described belong really 
 to this species. Wight describes the stipules as palmate, but in his specimens they are 
 entire. Probably it is not distinct li-om P. diversifoUum, Bl. 
 
 11. P. obtusifolluxn, Wight ms.; leaves glabrescent above ashy tomen- 
 tose beneath obovate oblong 1-nerved apex 2-lobed base cuneate, capsule 
 oblong obtuse tubercled downy. 
 
 Malabar, and the Carnatic; Courtallum, Wight. j0^ 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-4 by 2^-3 in., coriaceous, slightly oblique, obscurely, and remotely 
 VOL. L B B 
 
370 XXVI 1. STERCULiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pterospermum, 
 
 toothed /lear the apex, feather-nerved ; petiole \ in., downy. Peduncle longer than the 
 petiole, jointed in the middle. Bracteoles and 'flowers not seen. Capsule 2 by 1 in., 
 covered with squarish truncated tubercles. — Very distinct in its curiously tubercled fruit, 
 
 8. ERIOIiiENA, DC. 
 
 Trees. Leaves simple or lobed, downy or stellate-tomentose beneath. 
 Peduncles i!iX\\\a.vY, l-many-flowered. Bracteoles 3-5, laciniate, or small and 
 caducous. Cali/x, at first spathaceoHS, ultimately 5-parted. PeUds flat, with 
 dilated tomentose claws. ^Sta7niHal column short, bearing externally nu- 
 merous linear-oblong 2-celled anthers, in many series, cells parallel. JStami- 
 noc/es 0. Ovari/ sessile, 5-10-celled ; style erect, stigmas 5-10 spreading ; 
 ovules many in each cell. Capsule woody, loculicidal. i^eeds winged above ; 
 albumen thin, cotyledons plaited or contortuplicate, radicle next the 
 hilum. — A genus of 7 or 8 exclusively Asiatic species. 
 
 * Bracteoles deeply cut. 
 
 I.E. Walllchii, DC. Mem. Mus. x. t. 5 • leaves ovate or roundish 
 acuminate 7-nerved base qprdate, peduncles l-nowered, bracteoles pinnati- 
 sect, sej>als lanceolate, style pilose. Wall. Cat. 1174, C. Gumsia hirta, 
 Ham. in Wall. Cat. p. 157, 1174, B. 
 
 Njpai., WaUkh. 
 
 A shrub, herbaceous portions shaggy-ton^entose. Leaves 4-8 by 6 in., crenate- 
 nerrate, pilose above, stellate-tomentose beneath ; petiole 1-2 in. Stiimles nearly 1 in., 
 leafv, lanceolate, with acute lobes. Peduncles villous, shorter than the leaf. Flowers 
 2^ in. diam. Sepals lanceolate, floccose-tomentose outside, villous within. Petals 
 orbicular, with a narrow hairy claw. Column glabrous. Fruit not seen. 
 
 2. X:. Stocksii, Jlook.JU. et Thoins. ins.; leaves roundish subacuminate 
 6-7-nerved ba.se cordate, peduncles 3-flowered longer than the leaves, brac- 
 teoles bipinnatisect mossy, sepals cuspidate, style pilose. 
 
 Western Pemxsula ; Coxcan, Stocks. 
 
 A shrub, bark purplish, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 4-5 by 3 in., 
 crenate, stellate-hair)' above, pubescent beneath ; petiole 2 in. Stipxdes subulate. 
 FLoioer 14 in. diam. Semds cuspidate, glandular at the base within. Petals spathu- 
 late. Ovary 10-lobed. T'VmiV not seen, 
 
 3. E. Kookeriana, W. d; A. Prodr. i. 70 : leaves roundish acuminate 
 serrate base cordate, peduncles many-flowered, bracteoles shorter than the 
 calyx much cut pubescent, styles pubescent. — Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal. 
 Gen. t. 5. 
 
 Wsi^TERN Peninsula; the Concan, Nilghiri, and Pulney Mts., Wight; Behar, alt. 
 1-4000 ft., /. D.H. 
 
 A tree, herbaceous portions stellate-downy. Leaves 4 in. each way, thinly stellate- 
 hairy or glabrescent above, rusty-tomentose beneath, nerves prominent beneath ; 
 petiole 2 in. Peduncle longer than the petiole, stellate-hairy, at length glabrous. 
 Flowers 2 in. diam. Sepals narrow-lanceolate. Capsule 1 in., ovoid, pointed, 10-valved; 
 valves downy, tubercled or pitted, villous at the inner angle. 
 
 4. E. Candollel, Wall. PL As. Par. I 51, t. 64; Cat. 1175; leaves 
 ovate acuminate base cordate lobes rounded, peduncles many-flowered, brac- 
 teoles pin natitid pubescent, style glabrous. Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. FX 24. 
 
 Birma; Mountains of Prome, Wallich; Western Peninsula; Ram Ghat in the 
 Concan, Dalzell. Biiotan ? Herb. Griffith. 
 
 A tree, bark grey, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 5 by 4 in., upper 
 Bmalk-r, palmately 5-7 -nerved, stellate-hairy above, grey-pubescent beneath, crenate- 
 
Eriolana.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 371 
 
 dentate; petiole l|-3 in. Flowers crowded, yellow, I5 in. Peduncles shorter than 
 the leaves. Sepals lanceolate, glandular within at the hase, slightly exceeding the 
 bracteoles. Petals oblong, apex notched, claw thick, villous. Ovary ovoid; style 
 glabrous, stigmas 8-10, revolute. Capsule 2 by 1 in., woody, ovoid, acute, beaked, 
 10-lobed, 10-valved; valves oblong, acute, keeled or rounded at the back, villous or 
 rarely glabrous at the inner margin. Seeds oo imbricate ; embryo erect, cotyledons flat. 
 — The Bhotan plant may, when fuller material is accessible, prove to be distinct. 
 
 ** Bracteoles entire, or nearly so (Jackia, Spreng. ; Schillera, Reich). 
 
 5. E. spectabllls, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; leaves ovate acuminate 
 base cordate, cymes many-flowered panicled, bracteoles a little below the 
 flower linear entire rarely lobed, style pilose at the base. Wallichia specta- 
 bilis, DC. Mem. Mus. x. 104, t. 6, Microlsena spectabilis, Wall. Cat. 1173. 
 Gumsia tiliacea, Wall. Cat. 1173 D. G. chloroxylon, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 
 p. 157, 1173, E. 
 
 Central Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Simla, Webb. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, young shoots stellate-hairy. Leaves 3-4 by 1^ in., unequally 
 serrate, 7-9-nerved, scabnd above, ashy-pubescent beneath ; petiole 2 in. Stipules 
 capillary. Peduncles longer than the leaves ; ultimate pedicels stellate-hairy, nearly as 
 long as the flower. Flowers 2 in. diam., sulphur-coloured. Buds oblong. Calyx at 
 first spatbaceous, ultimately 5-parted ; sepals linear-lanceolate. Petals obovate-spathu- 
 late, claw thick, villous. Ovary ovoid, villous, oo -celled; stigmas 00. Capsule 14 in., 
 woody, oblong ; valves obtuse, tubercled, villous at the inner angle. — Yields a fibre fit 
 for rope-making. 
 
 6. E. quinquelocularis, Wight under Ic. t. 882 ; Ic. Index 36 ; leaves 
 roundish toothed apex acute shortly acuminate base cordate, bracteoles a little 
 distance from the flower minute caducous entire or lobed, style hairy stigma 
 5-10-lobed, Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 5. Microchlsena quinquelocularis, 
 W. (^ A. Prodr. i. 71. M. flavescens, Garcke in PI. Hohenack. No. 1533. 
 
 Behae, alt. 1-4000 ft., /. D. H. ; Western Peninsula, Nilghiri mts., Gardner; 
 Coimbator, Wight; Concan, Dalzell; Belgaum Ghats, Bitchie. 
 
 A tree, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 2^-3 in. each way, palmately 
 7-nerved, thinly stellate-hairy or glabrescent above, whitish and softly pubescent be- 
 neath ; petioles 2 in. Cymes at the end of the branches ; peduncles longer than the 
 leaves, stellate-hairy ; pedicels shorter than the flower, jointed above the middle. 
 Flower-buds ovate-oblong. Sepals | in., lanceolate, stellate-hairy, glandular at the 
 base within. Petals equalling the sepals ; claw broad, pubescent. Column as long as 
 the petals. Stigmas revolute. Capsule 1| in., oblong, pointed, 5-10-valved ; valves 
 not tubercled, usually villous at the- inner angle. Seeds numerous. 
 
 9. PENTAPETES, Linn. 
 
 Herbs. Leaves hastate-lanceolate. Flowers axillary. Bracteoles 3, car 
 ducous, subulate. Sejxds 5, lanceolate, connate at the base. Petals 5. 
 Stamens 20, connate at the base, 15 fertile in 5 groups (of 3 each) alternating 
 with 5 staminodes, which are nearly as long as the petals ; anthers 2-celled, 
 extrorse. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, cells many ovuled ; style entire, twisted 
 and thickened upwards, stigmas 5 minute. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved. 
 Seeds 8-12, 2-seriate in each cell, not winged; cotyledons plaited, 2 partite, 
 radicle inferior.— A single species, widely distributed in tropical Asia. 
 
 1. P. phoenlcea, Linn.; Roxh. Fl Ind. iii. 157 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 67 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 1157, 2, 3, 4 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 190. Dombeya phoenicea, 
 Cav. Diss. iii. t. 43, f. 1. — Rlieede, Hort. Mai. x. t. 56. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Panjab to Birma and the Western 
 Peninsula. 
 
 BB2 
 
372 XXVII. STERCULiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pentapetes. 
 
 A branched annual, 2-5 ft., glabrous or with a few scattered stellate hairs. Leaves 
 3-5 in., l-nerved, crenate-serrate ; petiole 1 in. Stipules subulate. Peduncle simple, 
 axillary, as long as or longer than the petiole, 1-2-flowered, jointed near the flower. 
 Practeoles half the length of the calyx. Flowers red, openiiiLT at noon and closing at 
 the following dawn. SepaU stellate-hairy, with a few simple bristles. Petals obovate. 
 Style short. Capsule subglobose, bristly, lialf the length of the pergistent calyx. 
 
 10. MSZiKANIA, Forsk. 
 
 Undershrubs. Leaves simple, downy. PeduncUs axillary, 1 -flowered. 
 Bracteohs 3-5, cordate, often longer than the sepals. Flowers yellow. 
 Sepals 5, connate below. Petals 5 marcescent. Stamens 10, connate below 
 into a very short tube, fertile filaments 5, alternating with as many 
 ligulate staminodes ; anther-cells parallel. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, cells 1- 
 many-ovuled ; styles 5, subulate, connate below, stigmatiferous on the inner 
 face. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved Seecls albuminous ; cotyledons 
 plicate, biparted, radicle inferior. — Distrib. Species 16 distributed over 
 the hotter parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia. 
 
 * Bracteoles linear. 
 
 1. M. inoana, Ilej/ne in Wall. Cat. 1200 ; leaves narrow elliptic-oblong 
 Serrulate, bracteoles linear-oblong shorter than the calyx, capsule sub- 
 globose shorter than the calyx. W. d: A. Prodr. i. 68 ; Aliq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 
 pt. 2, 191. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; dry hills in the Carnatic and Mysore, Heyne, &c. 
 
 Suffruticose, branches spreading. Leaves 1-2 by ^-4 in., linear-oblong, obtuse, base 
 subcordate, tomentose beneath; peduncle 1-2-flowered, as long as the petiole, jointed 
 in the middle. Floicers small. Sepals j in., lanceolate, acuminate. Petals obovate, 
 longer than the sepals. Capsule hairy, shorter than the sepals. Seeds 2-4 in each 
 cell, tubercled. 
 
 2. M. abyssinica, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 76, t. 18 ; leaves elliptic obtuse 
 crenate-dentate pubescent above paler and tomentose beneath, bracteoles 
 linear shorter than the calyx, capsule longer than the calyx. Mast, in Oliv. 
 Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 231. Brotera ovata, Cav. Ic. v. 20, 433. Melhania ovata, 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 841, excl. syn. 
 
 SiNDH, Stocks. — DiSTiMB. Cape de Verde islands, Abyssinia. 
 
 Suflruticose, cano-tomentose, branches prostrate intricate spreading. Leaves 1 by 
 3 in., doubly -serrate ; petiole \ in. Stipules J in., capillary. Peduncles axillary, as 
 long as or longer than the petiole, 2-4-fl(.wered. Flowers ^ in. diam. Bracteoles nearly 
 as long as the lanceolate stpals. Petals obovate, shorter than the sepals. Style very 
 short. Capsule slightly exceeding the persistent calyx. 
 
 ** Bracteoles broad, at least at the base. 
 
 3. AK. cannabina, Wi(/ht in Herh. Kew. ; leaves oblong obtuse cre- 
 nulate base subcordate, bracteoles lanceolate equalling the lanceolate 
 cuspidate sepals, capsule subgibbous shorter than the calyx. 
 
 Western Peninsdla ; in the Carnatic and Mysore, fVight, &c. 
 
 A shrub, herbaceous portions cano-pubescent. Leaves 2^ 1{ in., 8ub-3-nerved, paler 
 beneath; petioles 1| in. Stipules fugacious. Cymes pedunch'd ; peduncles equallitig 
 tiie petioles; ultimate pedicels shorter than the flowers. I'lowersj^ in. diam. Bracteohs 
 striated. Capsule villous, the size of a large pea. Seeds numerous, angled, rugose. 
 
 4. M. Kamiltoniana, Wall. PI. Asiat. Par. i. t. 77 ; leaves roundish- 
 ovate subcordate obtuse unequally toothed, peduncles axillary twice the 
 length of the petiole, bracteoles cordate-ovate longer than the calyx. 
 
Melhania.\ xxvii. STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 373 
 
 Western Peninsula and Birma. 
 
 A shrub, cano-tomentose, branches spreading. Leaves 2-3 in., pubescent on both 
 surfaces, white beneath, 5-nerved ; petiole 1 in. Stipules setaceous, scarcely shorter 
 than the petiole. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered. Bracteoles recurved 
 at the edges. Sepals lanceolate, cuspidate, villous. Petals yellow, obovate, oblique, 
 longer than the sepals. Staminodes ligulate. Capsule ovoid, obscurely truncated at 
 the top, villous, shorter th;in the calyx, 5-celled, cells liiany-seeded. Seeds oblong, 
 somewhat 4-sided, truncated, tubercled. 
 
 Var. 1. tomentosa ; leaves rounded or subcordate at the base densely tomentose 
 obtuse, petals hardly exceeding the sepals. Pentapetes tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 1156. — 
 Dry places on the banks of the Irawaddi, Wall. 
 
 Var. 2. abutiloides, Am. (sp.) ; leaves deeply cordate cano-tomentose more mem- 
 branous acute or acuminate, petals much exceeding the sepals. Wight. Ic.t. 23.— 
 Western Peninsula. 
 
 5. m. futteyporensis, Munro in Herb. Hook.; leaves oblong acu- 
 minate serrate base cordate, bracteoles equalling the calyx cordate-oblong 
 acute margins recurved, sepals lanceolate cuspidate. M. Hamiltqniana, 
 Munro ^ Hort. Agrens. 9 {not of Wall). 
 
 North Western India, from the Indus Valley, alt. 2500 ft., Stewart^ to Delhi, 
 Falconer, and Bundelkhund, Edgeworth; Sindh, Stocks. . 
 
 A cano-puliescent shrub. Leaves 3 by 2 in., petiole 1 in. Stipules setaceous. 
 Peduncles axillary and terminal, 2-4-flowered, twice the length of the petiole. Flov)ers 
 1 in. diam. Capsule 4 in., oblong, villous, scarcely so long as the sepals. 
 
 6. IMC. toxnentosai Stocks in Herh. Hook. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 crenate-serrate, base rounded, peduncles terminal cymose, bracteoles oblong- 
 lanceolate cuspidate shorter than the sepals. M. abutiloides, Aitch. Cat. 
 Punj. PI. ^Zj^artly^ not of Am. 
 
 The Panjab, Aitchison; Sindh, Stocks. 
 
 A cano-tomentose shrub. Leaves 2 by 1 J in. ; thinly stellate-hairy above, paler and 
 softly pubescent beneath ; petiole | in. Peduncles about the length of the leaves, 2 - 
 3-flowered. Bracteoles ^ in., margins not recurved. Sepals | in., oblong-cuspidate, 
 tomentose. Capside oblong, villous, shorter than the calyx. Seeds muricate, angled. 
 — Nearly allied to M. futteyporensis, but with flowers about half the size. 
 
 7. M. Denhami, Br. in Denh. <^ Clapp. Voy. App. 233 ; leaves ovate- 
 oblong crenate-serrate 5-nerved at the base, bracteoles cordate-reniform 
 accrescent membranous. Mast, in Oliv. Trop. Afr. i. 230. M. bracteosa, 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 841. Erotera bracteosa, Guilt, et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 80, 
 t. 17. Cardiostegia Kotschyi, Presl. Epiniel. Bot. 249. 
 
 Hills of Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Beloochistan, Tropical Africa and Arabia. 
 
 Sufftuticose, cano-tomentose. Branches spreading. Z^eat^es 1^ in., elliptic, stellate- 
 hairy above, hoary-pubescent beneath ; petiole ^-1 in. Stipules setaceous. Peduncles 
 as long as the petiole, 3-flowered. Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals yellow. Capsule 
 spheroid, downy, hardly as long as the calyx. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell. — The flowers 
 open in the evening. 
 
 11. MSIiOCKIA. Linn. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs, more or less downy. Leaves simple. Flowers 
 small, clustered or loosely panicled. Sepals 5, connate below. Petals 5, 
 spathulate, marcescent. Stamens 5, opposite to the petals, connate below 
 into a tube ; anthers extrorse, 2-lobed, lobes parallel. Omrf/ sessile, 5-celled ; 
 cells opposite the petak, 2-ovuled ; styles 5, free or connate at the base. 
 Capsule loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds ascending, albuminous; embryo 
 straight, cotyledons flat, radicle next the hilum. — Disteib. Species about 50, 
 natives of the warmer regions of both hemispheres. 
 
374 XXVII, STERCULiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Mclochia, 
 
 1. M. corcliorlfolia, Lin?i. ; Willd. Sp. PL iii. 604 ; leaves obloug-ovate 
 serrate plaited base rounded or cordate, flowers in terminal or axillary heads, 
 with bracteoles intermixed, capsule globose, lioxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 139 ; 
 Thwaites Fnum. 30 ; Wall Cat 1 19& in part. M. truncata, Willd. aS>>. PL 
 iii 601. M. supina, L. SjkPL 944. M. aflSnis, Wall. Cat. 1198. M. paucillora, 
 Wall.Cat. 1199. Riedleia corchorifoUa, DC. Prodr. i. 491 ; W. d: A. Prodr. 
 i 66 ; Miq. Fl Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 188 ; IJalz. <i' Gibs. Bomb. FL 24. R. trun- 
 cata W. d' A. I.e. 66. R. supina, DC. Prodr. i. 491. R. concatenata, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 492. Visenia corchorifolia, Spreng. Syst. iii. 30. V. concatenata, 
 /Sprenfj. Sysf. iii. 30. V. supina, Spremj. JS'yst. iii. 31. Melochia concatenata. 
 Wall. Cat. 1197. Sida cuueifolia, Poxb. Uort. Beng. 50.— P/ieede Hart. 
 MaL ix t. 73. 
 
 Generally distributed in the hotter parts of India from Kumaon alt. 4000 ft. to 
 Sikkim, Malacca and Ckylon, — Distkib. A widely difluBcd tropical weed. 
 
 An erect branching herb or undershrub, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaver 1-3 in., 
 variable in form, rarely obscurely lobed, subgiabrous above, thinly stellate-hairy be- 
 neath, base 5-ncrved ; petiole 1 in. Stipults subulate-lanceolate, shorter than the 
 petiole. /S'tpals 4 in., lanceolate, acuminate. Pttals obovate, white or pink, longer than 
 the sepals. Cupsule the size of a small pea, globose, exceeding the persistent calyx. — 
 Variable. Wallich's M. nffinis has the branches of the cyme lengthened and spike-like 
 'vvilh Uowers on one side only as in the form called concateiiata. 
 
 2. M. velutina, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 5 ; leaves cordate suborbicular 
 acuminate serrate, Uowers in umbellate corymbs, capsule oblong 5-lobed, 
 seeds winged. Visenia umbellata, Wight Ic. 509. V. tomentosa, Miq. 
 PL Ilohtn. Exsicc. Riedleia tiliaifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 491 ; JJalz. & Gibs. 
 Bomb. FL 24 ; AMiq. FL Ind. Hat, i. pt. 2, 188. Glossospermum velutinum, 
 WalL Cat. 1153. G. ? cordatum, WalL Cat, 1165. 
 
 Widely distributed through the hotter parts of India, from the N.W. Provinces to 
 the CoNCAN and Ava, but often cultivated only. — Distkib. Wild or cultivated in the 
 Mauritius and Malay islands, 
 
 A shrub or tree, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 4 by 3 in., thinly stellate- 
 hairy or glabrescent above, duwny beneath, Ijnse 5-7-nerved ; petiole 3 in. Stipides 
 \ in., leafy, roundish. Panicles many-flowered, lax, terminal and axillary. Flowers 
 i in. diam., pink. Cahjx campanulate, lobes 5, deltoid-ovate, connate to about the 
 middle. Petals oblong, twice the length of the sepals. JStameiis inserted witli the 
 petals on a lobed hypogynous disk, lilaments flat. Ovary 5-celled ; styles 5, opnosite 
 the petals. Capsule 4 iu., 5lobed, bristly. Heed solitary in each cell, wing ascending. 
 
 M. PYRAMiDATA, Linn, occurs as an introduced weed in India. 
 
 12. WAZiTHSRZA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves simple. Stipules narrow. Flowers small, 
 iu dense axillary or terminal clusters. Sepals 5, connate below into a 
 bell-shaped tube. Petals 5, oblong-spathulate. Stamens 5, tubular below ; 
 anthers 2-lobed, lobes parallel. Staminodes 0. Ovary sessile, ^1-celled ; 
 ovules 2, ascending ; style excentric, stigma club-shaped. Capsule ^Ydlvad^ 
 1-seeded. Seed ascending, albuminous; embryo straight, cotyledons flat, 
 radicle next the hilum. — Distrib. About 15 species, one or two of which 
 are tropical weeds, the remainder are natives of tropical America. 
 
 1. W. indica, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 493. W. <Sc A. Prodr. I 67; Thwaites 
 Enum. 30 ; Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 187 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bcmib. FL 23 ; 
 WalL Cat. 119i. W. americana, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 492; W. elliptica, Cav. 
 Diss.Y\.\ll\ WalL Cat. lldb. Melochia corchorifolia, If a//. Cat. 1196, H, 
 not of others. 
 
Waltheria.] xxvii. sterculiace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 375 
 
 Common in all the hotter parts of India, from Kdmaon alt, 4000 ft. to Malacca and 
 Ceylon. — Distrib. A widely diffused Tropical weed. 
 
 Perennial, villous. Leaves 1-3 in., shortly petioled, cordate-ovate, oblong, obtuse, 
 toothed, plaited. Flowers yellow, ^ in. Bracts narrow, villous. Sepals lanceolate, 
 acuminate. PetaU longer than the sepals, stalked. 
 
 13. ABROBZA, Jacq. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, serrulate, sometimes 
 angled. Pedimcles opposite the leaves, few-flowered. Sejmls 5, connate 
 near the base. PetaU 5, purplish, concave below, prolonged above into a 
 large spoon-shaped lamina. Staminal-cup of 5 fertile and as many sterile 
 divisions, fertile filaments opposite the petals, 3-antherifer6us ; anthers 
 2-lobed, lobes divergent. Staminodes longer than the fertile filaments, 
 obtuse. Ovary sessile, pyramidal, 5-lobed ; cells many-ovuled ; styles 5. 
 Capsule membranous, 5-angled, 5-winged, truncate at the apex, septi- 
 cidally 5-valyed, valves villous at the edges. Seeds numerous, albuminous ; 
 embryo straight, cotyledons flat cordate, radicle next the hilum. — 
 DiSTKiB. 2 or 3 species, natives of Tropical Asia. 
 
 1. A. aug'usta, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i 485; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. 
 Ind. iii. 156 ; Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 183 ; Beddmie Flor. Sylvat. Anal. 
 Gen. t. 5 ; W. cO A. Prodr. i. 65 ; Wall. Cat. 1142. A. angulata, Lam. Ill^ 
 636. A. Wheeleri, Retz. Obs. v. 27 ; Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1425. A. fastuosum 
 Ga^rin. Fruct. i. 307, t. 64. 
 
 Widely spread, native or cultivated, throughout the hotter parts of India from the 
 North West Provinces to Sikkim, alt. 3000 ft. ; Khasia Mts. alt. 4000 ft., and Assam. 
 — DisTRiB. Java, Philippines, China. 
 
 A shrub, branches downy. Leaves 4-6 by 4-5 in. repand-denticulate, base 3-7-nerved, 
 upper smaller, narrower, entire, glabrescent above, tomentose below ; petiole ^-1 ^n- 
 Stipules Hnear, deciduous as long as the petiole. Peduncle 14 in., axillary. Flowers 
 2 iu. diam. Sepals 1 in., lanceolate, free nearly to the base. Petals scarcely exceeding 
 the sepals, imbricate in the bud, deciduous. Capsule I4 in., obpyramidal ultimately 
 glabrous, thrice as long as the persistent calyx. — The bark yields good fibre. , 
 
 14. GUAZVMA, Plum. 
 
 A tree. Leaves simple, tomentose. Flowers in axillary cymes. Sepals 5, con- 
 nate below the middle, at first spathaceous. Petals 5, concave at the base, 
 prolonged at the apex into 2 narrow strap-shaped processes. Stamens 10, 
 connate into a column which is tubular below, and consists above of 5 fertile, 
 3-antheriferous filaments opposite the petals, and 5 lanceolate staminodes 
 opposite the sepals ; anthers 2-lobed, lobes divergent. Ovary sessile, 5-lobed, 
 5-celled ; styles more or less connate ; ovules numerous in each cell. 
 Capsule oblong, woody, tubercled, resembhng a mulberry. Seed alba- 
 niinous ; embryo curved, cotyledons leafy folded, radicle next the hilum.— 
 Distrib, A genus of 5 species, chiefly natives of Tropical America. 
 
 1. G. tomentosa, Kunth ; DC, Prodr. i. 485; Wight IU. t. 31 ; 
 W. <^ A. Prodr. i. 64 ; Tkwaites Enum.. 29 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 107, 
 Buboma tomentosa, Spreng. Syst. iii 385. G. ulmifolia. Wall. Cat. 1141 
 Diuroglossum rufescens, Turcz. in Flora 1853, 735. 
 
 Generally distributed and frequently cultivated in the warmer parts of India ar. 
 Ceylon, but perhaps only introduced. — DiSTUiB. Java, Tropical America. 
 
 A tree, herbaceous portions stellate-tomentose. Leaves 3-4^ by 2 in., oblong-lanceo- 
 late, obhquely cordate, acuminate, serrate, scabrid, or glabrescent above, pubescent 
 
376 XXVII. STERCULiACE-E. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Giucziima, 
 
 beneath, base 5-7-nerved ; petiole short. Flowers numerons, yellow, in terminal and 
 axillary panicles, which are twice the length of the leaves. Flower-htids globose. 
 Cr/Zj/j; liin^ell-shaped, stellate-hairy. /S'e/ja/s ultimately reflexed. Pt'^a/« exceeding 
 the cd^^TAnthers concealed in the hood of the petals. Capsvle 1 in., oblong, obtuse, 
 covered with obtuse black tubercles. 
 
 15. BUBTTNSRZA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs, trees or«hrubs, often climbers, frequently prickly. Foliage various. 
 Flowers minute, in repeatedly branched axillary or terminal umbellate 
 cymes. JSepak 5, connate at the base. FeMh 5, claw concave, limb with a 
 long strap-shaped 2-fid appendage. Siamens 10, connate below into a mem- 
 branous tube, bearing above 6 fertile stamens opposite the petals, and 
 5 staminodes opposite the sepals ; anthers 2-lobed, extrorse. Ovary 
 sessile, 5-celled ; cells opposite the petals, 2-ovuled ; style entire or 5-fid. 
 Capsule globose, spiny, septicidally 5-valved, valves breaking away from 
 a central column, cells 1-seeded. Seed ascending, exalbuminous ; coty- 
 ledons folded around the superior radicle, plumule lobed.— Distrib. About 
 45 species, mostly natives oi tropical America, a few are AsLatic, and one 
 African. 
 
 * Leaves usually longer than broad, generally simple. 
 
 1. B. herbacea, Roxh. Cor. PI. i. t. 29; Fl. Tnd. i. 619; herbaceous, 
 unarmed, leaves glabrous ovate acuminate toothed paler beneath; capsule 
 covered with small subulate prickles. Wall. Cot. 1146; W. d: A. Prodr. 
 i. 65 ; WigM Ic. t. 488 ; DaJz. <k GUjs. Fl. Bom}). 23. Commersonia her- 
 bacea, G. Don. Gen. Syst i. 523. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; not uncommon in the Camatic, Orissa, and Concan. 
 
 Stem herbaceous, unarmed. I^eaves \\2\ by f in., base cordate or rounded, 3-5- 
 nerved, nerves not glandular ; petiole ^ m. StijmlcK linear, eoualling the petiole. 
 InjloTescence longer than the adjoining leaf. Sepals linear-lanceolate, reflexed. Limb 
 oj petals subulate, as long as the st-pals, puberulous. Fertile filaments very short ; 
 staminodes ovate. Fruit the size of a pea, 5-lobed. 
 
 2. B. crenulata, Wall. Cat. 1150 : a tree, branches unarmed, leaves 
 glabrous elliptic acuminate, ca])sule globose glabrous covered with long 
 linear-lanceolate spines. B. polyacantha, Wall. Cat. 1151 ? B. catalpifolia, 
 Wall. Cat. 1152? B. echinata, W(dl. Cat. 1149? 
 
 NiPAL, WaUich; Biuma, at Attran and Saluen, Wallich; Pegu, M'Clelhmd. 
 
 Leaves A-b by 2-3 in., coriaceous, leaves 5-7-nerved, rounded ; petiole 2 in., thickened 
 at both ends. Peduncles short, thinly stellate-hairy, pedicels ^-| in., jointed in the 
 middle. Bracteoles equalhng the pedicels, persistent, lanceolate. Ploirer-bitds deltoid, 
 5-angular, pilose. Flowers ^ in. diam. Petals stalked, limb cordate with two rounded 
 lobes, apex linear. Ovary ovoid, style short. Capsule 4 in. diam. — The above synonyms 
 must be received with hesitation, the materials being too imperfect to allow of satisfac* 
 tory determination. 
 
 3. B. Jacklana, Wall in Roxh. Fl. hid. {ed. Carey) ii. 386 ; shrubby, 
 unarmed, leaves elliptic acuminate scabrid above, stellate hairy beneath, 
 nerves pilose, capsule globose covered with straight-subulate spines. Wall. 
 CatAU7. 
 
 Penang, Jack, &c. 
 
 A climbing shrub ; herbaceous portions pilose and downy. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2| in., 
 entire or minutely serrated, base rounded ; petiole f in. pilose. Panicles axillary, much 
 shorter than the leaves, many -flowered ; pedicels capillary, stellate-hairy. Sepals ^ in., 
 deltoid acuminate, spreading. Petals shorter than the sepals. Capsule 1 in. diam., 
 glabrous, 5-lobed. Seeds black. 
 
Buettneria.] xxvii. sterculiaceje. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 377 
 
 4. B. elliptlca, Mast. ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves pilose on both sur- 
 faces especially along the nerves elliptic- oblong shortly acuminate. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A climbing slirub. Stem terete, downy. Leaves 5-6 by 3 in., base 5-nerved, rounded ; 
 petiole 3 in., pilose. Peduncles axillary, shorter than the petiole ; pedicels \-\ in., um- 
 bellate, thinly stellate-hairy. Flowers \ in. diam. Petals shorter than the lanceolate 
 sepals. Fruit not seen. 
 
 5. B. unclnata, Mast. ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves glabrescent elliptic- 
 lanceolate acuminate, capsule covered with hooked gland-tipped barbed 
 spines. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Stem glabrous, scarred. Leaves 8-10 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous or with a few 
 thin hairs along the midrib on the under surface, base rounded, 3-nerved ; petioles 
 2^-3 in., thickened at both ends. Fruiting-peduncles half the length of the leaves. 
 Capsule depressed, 3-celled, spheroidal, the size of a hazel nut. 
 
 6. B. IHaing'ayi, Mast. ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves glabrous on both 
 surfaces lanceolate acuminate, capsule globose obscurely 5-lobed studded 
 with short subulate prickles. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Leaves 10 by 3 in., coriaceous, base rounded, 5-nerved ; petiole 
 2 in., thickened at both ends. Peduncles barely 1 in., spreading at right angles, and 
 bearing an umbel of flowers; pedicels J in. Sepals \ in., ovate-lanceolate. Petals 
 shorter than the sepals, with a long linear appendage. Staminodes erect, oblong, 
 obtuse, 2-fid. Style as long as the ovary. Fruiting peduncle as long as the petiole. 
 Capsule i\ in. diam. 
 
 ** Leaves more or less orbicular, or not much longer than broad, usually 
 lobed. 
 
 7. B. aspera, ColehrooJce in Roxh. Fl. Ind. {ed. Carey) ii. 383 and in 
 Wall. Cat. 1144 ; a tree, unarmed, leaves glabrescent suborbicular or oblong 
 shortly acuminate base cordate, capsule glabrous globose covered with stout 
 curved prickles. B, grandifolia, BC. Frodr. i. 486. B. nepalensis, Turcz. 
 in Bull. Mosc. 1858, 207. 
 
 Nipal, Wallich; Sillet, Da Silva, Sikkim and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 
 4000 ft., /, n. R. & T. T.— DiSTRiB. China. 
 
 Tree. Leaves 4 by .2^ in, and upwards, base 7-nerved ; petiole 2 in. and^ upwards. 
 Peduncle pubescent, as long as the petioles ; pedicels umbellate, ultimate pedicels \ in,, 
 jointed in the middle. Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers minute, downy, campandate. 
 Sepals deltoid. Capsule 1^ in. 
 
 8. B. andamanensis, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, ii. 47 ; Flora, 1871, 
 
 277 ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves glabrescent palmately lobed, capsule glo- 
 bose glabrous covered with short subulate spines, 
 
 Andaman Islds., Kurz; Tenasseeim, at Martaban, Brandis ; and Moulmein, 
 Lohh. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Stem terete. Leaves 4-5 by 4 in., thinly stellate-hairy, glabres- 
 cent, ovate, shortly 3-5-lobed, lobes acute or acuminate, irregularly and coarsely 
 toothed, base 5-7-nerved, deeply cordate, lobes rounded ; petiole 2-4 in. Stipules \ in., 
 subulate, deciduous. Cymes 2-3-chotomous. Peduncles slender. Capsule the size of 
 a cherry. 
 
 9. B. pilosa, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 618 ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves pilose on 
 both surfaces suborbicular palmately lobed, capsule globose downy, studded 
 with subulate barbed prickles. Wall Gat. 1145. B. velutina, Wall. Cat. 
 1148, 192d. 
 
378 XXVI T. STERCULiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Buettneria. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; Silhet, Da Silva; Assam and Khasia Mts., Griffith; Birma, 
 WaUich, &c. ; Chittagong, H.f. <& T. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Branches hispid with spreading hairs, or thinly stellate-hairy. 
 Leaves 4 in., shortly 3-lobed, lobes deltoid, entire or serrulate, 7-9-nerved, midrib glan- 
 dular, base deeply cordate, lobes rounded, upper ovate-lanceolate ; petiole 1^-4 in., 
 densely rusty-tomentose. Stipules subulate. Infiorescence lax, much branched; 
 
 $eduncles longer than the petioles. FUnoers minute, campanulate. Sejials lanceolate. 
 ^etals yellow, incurved, appendage orange. Capsule the size of a large cherry, globose. 
 Seed ovate-oblong. 
 
 16. COMBISRSONZA, Forsk. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, oblique. Injlorescerux cymose, terminal 
 or axillary or leaf opposed. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, concave at the base, 
 prolonged into a long strap-shaped appendage at tlie apex. Ftrtile stamem 
 5, opposite the petals ; anthers subglobose, 2-celled, cells diverging ; starai- 
 nodes 5, opposite to the sepals, lanceolate. Carpels 5, opposite to the sepals, 
 connate ; sti/les connate ; ovules 2-6. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, covered 
 ■with bristly hairs. Seeds ascending, albuminous, strophiolate ; cotyledons 
 flat, radicle next the hilum. — Distrib. A genus of about 8 species, some 
 of which are natives of the Malay peninsula and archipelago, others of 
 Australia. 
 
 1. C. plat3rphylla, Andr. Bot. Rej\ t. 603, adnot ; leaves broadly 
 ovate-lanceolate oblique stellate-hairy above hoary tomentose beneath. 
 C. javensis, G, Don Gen. Syst. i. .523. C. echinata, Blume Bijdr. 86 ; WaU^ 
 Cat. 1143; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 519, not of Forst. C. echinata, var. |3. Mvi. 
 Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 182. Buettneria hypoleuca, Turcz. in Mosc. Bull. 
 1858, 207. 
 
 Malacca, Penang, and Sincapore. — Distrib. Malay isles. 
 
 A shrub or low tree. Younger branches softly downy. Leaves 6 by 4 in., obliquely 
 subcordate, subacuniinate, irregularly serrulate, nerves with reddish down beneath; 
 petioles 4-4 in., do\vny. Stipules deciduous, herbaceous, palmately cut. Fhwen 
 numerous, rotate, \ in. diara., in much branched terminal cymose corymbs; ultimate 
 pedicels divaricate, hispid, as long as the flowers. Culi/x-lobes ovate, as long as the 
 tube. Petals 5, base concave, appendage linear. Stamens 5, o[)posite the petals, and 
 concealed within their concavity; staminodcs 5, lanceolate, opposite the sepals, as long 
 as the petals. Ovary 5-celle 1, cells opposite the petals. Capsule globose, the size of 
 a marble, covered with long filiform intricate ciliolated processes. 
 
 Var. Leschenauitii ; leaves glabrescent equally serrate, peduncles opposite the leaves. 
 
 The tme C. echinata of Forst. has not yei been met with within the limits of this 
 Flora, though it probably will be discovered in Malacca. It is distinguislmd from the 
 preceding by its narrower lance- shaped leaves, glabrous on the upper surface. 
 
 17. XiEPTONirCKZA, Turcz. 
 
 Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, entire. Flowei's cymose axillary. Sepals 5, 
 valvate, distinct nearly to the base. Petals 5, valvate, short, orbicular, con- 
 cave. Androecium tubular below, filamentous above, filaments 3-seriate, 
 outer series of 10-15 ligulate staminodes opposite the petals, middle of 
 10 fertile stamens also opposite the petals, innermost of 5 very short fleshy 
 subulate staminodes opposite the sepals ; anthers linear-oblong, introrse, de- 
 hiscing at the sides longitudinally. Ovary sessile, 3-4-celled; placentas 
 axile ; styles connate, stigmas capitellate ; ovules many in each cell, ana- 
 tropous. Capsule 2-3-celled, or by abortion 1-celled, dehiscing septicidally 
 or loculicidally, or both, simultaneously or irregularly. Seeds black, 
 
Zepton^chia.] xxvii. sterculiaceje. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 379 
 
 aril fleshy orange-coloured, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat leafy, radicle 
 superior. — Distrib. A genus of 3 or 4 species, natives of both Peninsulas, 
 the Archipelago, and also of west tropical Africa. 
 
 1. If. acuminata, Mast. ; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate base 
 tapering, outer starainodes 10, inner subulate not ciliate, capsule 2-valved 
 valves ultimately dimidiate. 
 
 Malacca, Malngay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 8 by 2^ in., glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole |-2 in. Flowerhuds 
 oblong, pointed, 5-sided. Flowers \-% in. diam. /Sepals spreading, coriaceous, lanceo- 
 late, downy on both sides. Petals less than half the length of the sepals, erect, sub- 
 coriaceous, orbicular, concave, villous. Androaciu'm tubular at the base, outer starai- 
 nodes linear-ligulate, nearly as long as the sepals, fertile stamens intermediate, as long 
 as the outer starainodes, and placed with them in pairs opposite the petals ; anthers 
 adnate j inner starainodes 5, very short, subulate fleshy, opposite the sepals. Ovary ob- 
 long, villous, 3-celled ; style terete, as long as the fertile filaments, stigma capitate 
 obscurely lobed. JSeed oblong, testa black shining smooth, aril fleshy orange-yellow 
 tubular covering half the seed from the hilum upwards, albumen fleshy, embryo 
 straight, cotyledons flat leafy base cordate, radicle superior away from the hilum. 
 
 2. Zi. g-labra, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858,- 222 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
 abruptly acuminate base tapering subcordate, outer staminodes 15, iriner 
 staminodes ciliated, capsule l^celled. Oudem.in Compt. Rend. Ac. Roy. Sc. 
 Amsterd. 2 ser. ii. 8, cum, ic. and Walp. Ann. vii. 449. Grewia? caudata, 
 Wall. Cat. 1099. G. heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 590. Binnendykia tri- 
 chostylis, Kurz in Nat. Tijdschrift Ned. Lid. ser. 3, iii. 164. Turraea tri- 
 chostylis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suj^p. i. 502. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay ; Penang, Wallich ; Moulmein, Lohb; Tenasserim, Heifer. — 
 Distrib. Mnlucfas, I'orneo, Java, Sumatra. 
 
 A tree, Leac^s 4-tj by 2 in., glabrous or thinly stellate-hairy, base 3-5-nerved, some- 
 what oblique ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles axillary, solitary, or in short few-flowering 
 cymes. Buds oblong, club-shaped. Ovary oblong, obscurely 4-lobed. Capsule 4 in. 
 depressed pyriform, coriaceous, rugose, shining and wrinkled within. Seed ^ in. — In the 
 absence of perfect flowers on the Indian specimens it is not absolutely certain that they 
 are specifically identical with those from Sumatra, 
 
 3. Zi. moacurroides, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 114; leaves elliptic 
 acuminate base rounded, outer staminodes 10, capsule tubercled. 
 
 Carnatic and Mysore, Beddome ; Courtallum, Wight. 
 
 A small Grewioid tree. Branches virgate. Leaves 3-4 by If in., glabrous on both 
 surfaces, base 3-nerved ; petiole 5-4 i^- Stipules lanceolate, caducous. Flowers in 
 axillary cymes, half the length of the petioles. Sepals | in., linear-lanceolate, pubescent. 
 Petals orbicular, half the length of the sepals, densely villous. Ovary 4-lobed ; style 
 pubescent. Capsule \-% in., obovoid, verrucose, irregularly 2-valved. — The leaves and 
 flowers of this species are smaller than those of the preceding. 
 
 Order XXVIII. TILIACE^. (By Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S.) 
 
 Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leavse alternate,, rarely opposite, simple or 
 lobed. Stijyules free, often caducous. Flowers usually cymose, cymes few- 
 flowered, or large and many-flowered. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or 
 unisexual. Sepcds 3-5, free or connate, valvate. Petals as many as the 
 sepals, rarely absent, imbricate or valvate. Stamens numerous, ,rarely 
 definite, usually springing from a prolonged or dilated torus, free or some- 
 
380 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 
 
 times 5-adelplious, filaments filiform ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary free, 
 2-10-celled ; styles columnar, or divided into as many divisions as there 
 are cells to the ovary, stigmas usually distinct rarely confluent or sessile. 
 Ovules attached to the inner angle of the cells of the ovary, if few in 
 number often pendulous from the apex or ascending from the base, if 
 more numerous disposed in 2 or more ranks, anatropous ; raphe ventral 
 or lateral. Fruit fleshy or dry, dehiscent or i«dehiscent, 2-10 or by 
 abortion 1-celled (cells sometimes divided by false partitions), carpels 
 separable or always united. Seech 1 or many, ascending, pendulous or 
 transverse, with no arillus, testa leathery or crustaceous or pilose, albumen 
 fleshy abundant or scanty rarely wanting ; embryo straight or slightly 
 curved, cotyledons leafy rarely fleshy, radicle next the hilum.— Distrib. 
 About 350 species some of which occur in all the great divisions of the 
 W(jrld except the arctic and antarctic, but most abundantly in the tropics 
 of either hemisphere. Some of the genera and many of the species are 
 strictly Indian. 
 
 Series A. Kolopetalae. Pf^a^s glabrous or rarely downy, coloured, thin, 
 unguiculate, entire or nearly so, imbricate or twisted in the bud. Anthei'S 
 globose or oblong, opening by slits. 
 
 Tribe I. Brownlowieae. Sepals combined below into a cup. Anthers 
 globose, cells ultimately confluent at the top. 
 
 * Staminodes 6. 
 
 Carpels distinct, 2-valved 1. Brownlowia. 
 
 Carpels combined, iudebiscent, winged 2. PentaCe. 
 
 Capsule 5- valved 3. PnyR^VNTHE. 
 
 ** Staminodes 0. 
 
 Stamens on a raised torus 4. Chartacalyx. 
 
 Stamens on a contracted torus 5. Beurya. 
 
 Tribe II. G-rewlese. Sepals distinct. Petals glandular at the base. 
 Stamens springing from the apex of a raised torus. 
 
 * Fruit destitute ofpricMes, 
 
 Fruit drupaceous 6. Grewia. 
 
 Fruit of 3-5 winged cocci 7. Columbia. 
 
 ** Fruit prickly. 
 
 Fruit large, 3-angular, indehiscent 8. Erinocarpus. 
 
 Fruit small, globose, indehiscent, or 3-5-coccous 9. Tkiumfetta. 
 
 Tribe III. Tllleee. Sepals distinct. Petals not glandular. Stamens 
 springing from a contracted torus. 
 
 Leaves alternate 10. Corchgrus. 
 
 Leaves opposite 11. Plagiopteron. 
 
 Series B. Keteropetalee. Petals sepaloid, incised or 0, induplicate 
 or imbricate, not twisted. Aniliers linear, opening by a terminal pore. 
 
 Stamens on a depressed torus. Fruit capsular 12. EcmNOCARPUs. 
 
 Stamens on a raised torus. Fruit drupaceous 13. El^ocarpus. 
 
Brorvnlowia.] xxviii. tiliace^e. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 381 
 
 1. BROWNZ.OWIA, Roxb. 
 
 Trees. Pubescence stellate or scaly. Leaves entire, 3-5-nerved, feather- 
 veined. Flowers numerous, small, in large terminal or axillary panicles. 
 Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 3-5-fid. Petals 5, without glands. Stamens 
 many free, springing from a raised toras. Staminodes 5, within the stamens, 
 opposite the petals and petaloid. Anthers subglobose. Ovary 6-celled, each 
 cell 2-ovulate ; styles awl-shaped, slightly coherent ; ovules ascending. 
 Carjiels ultimately nearly free, 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Albumen ; cotyledons 
 thick, fleshy. — Disteib. Three species confined to Tropical Asia. 
 
 1. B. elata, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. 61, t. 265; leaves ovate acute base 
 cordate 5-7-nerved undulate down;^ beneath, petiole long. Bot. Peg. 
 t. 1472 ; Wall. Cat. 11/8. Humea elata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 640. 
 
 Chittagong to Tenasserim, ^oa;&Mr^^, Griffith Sac. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 A lofty tree. Branches spreading. Leaves 4-12 by 3-8 in., glabrous, white be- 
 neath, sometimes peltate ; petiole 3-4 in. or longer, thickened at the apex. Panicles 
 terminal, as large as the adjacent leaf, branches pubescent, ultimate pedicels longer 
 than the flower. Flower-buds clavate-oblong. Slower 4 in., yellow. Calyx funnel- 
 shaped, lobes ovate shorter than the tube. Petals oblong, spreading, tapering at the 
 base, longer than the sepals. Filaments slender ; anther-lobes divergent at the base, 
 confluent at the apex ; stamiuodes linear-lanceolate. 8tyle as long as the petals. Follicle 
 1\ in., by abortion solitary, obh'quely ovate, woody, covered with fine ash-coloured 
 pubescence. Seed solitary, rarely 2, albumen 0; embryo erect, cotyledons 2 nearly 
 equal amygdaloid. 
 
 2. B. lanceolata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. y. Suppl. ii. 57 ; leaves 
 lanceolate-acuminate white and scaly beneath, petiole short, panicle much 
 shorter than the leaves. 
 
 SuNDERBUNDS, Griffith ; Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Parish. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in., glabrous; petiole ^va.., thickened at the apex. 
 Panicles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves, peduncles longer than the 
 petioles. Flower-buds ovoid. Calyx ^ in. diam., campanulate, lobes lanceolate 
 equalling the tube. Petals ^ in., oblong base broad. Anthers small, didymous, lobes not 
 widely divergent, connective thick ; staniinodes petaloid. Ovary 4-lobed, cells 2-ovuled, 
 style simple, stigma 4-lobed. Young fruit pyriform, truncate.) j 
 
 2. PZSNTACE, Hassk. 
 
 Trees. Herbaceous portions pubescent or scaly, ultimately glabrous. 
 Leaves entire, leathery, 3-5-nerved. Flowers numerous, small, in terminal 
 panicles. Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 3-5-fid. Petals 6, glandless. Stamens 
 numerous, on a slightly raised torus, sometimes pentadelphous. Staminodes 
 5, opposite the sepals. Antliers subglobose, pollen globose 3-pored. Ovary 
 5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; ovule pendulous, raphe next the placenta. Fruit 
 dry indehiscent 3-5-winged, by abortion 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Seed solitary, 
 albuminous. — Distkib. Three species, all Malayan. 
 
 1. P. burmannica, Kurz in Flora, 1871, 278 ; leaves elliptic ovate 
 acute 3-5-nerved pubescent beneath, pedicels long, ovary globose 5-lobed, 
 fruit oblong truncate 5-winged wings longer than broad. 
 
 Martaban, Brandis ; Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 A tree. Shoots pubescent. Leaves 4 by 2| in., oblong, rounded at the base, acumi- 
 nate, glabrous, whitish beneath; petiole \ in. Pedicels long, covered with tawny down. 
 
38*2 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pentace. 
 
 Calyx J in., pubescent, sepals lanceolate. Petals obovate-oblong, tapering at the base, 
 slightly exceeding the sepals. Capsule If by IJ in., oblong-truncate, wings stellate- 
 hairy. 
 
 2. P. trlptera, 3fast. ; leaves 1 -nerved, ovary 3-celled, fruit S-winged 
 wings obtuse rounded as broad as long. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves Qhy 3 in., glabrous, white beneath, oblong-acute, rounded at the 
 base, 1-nerved, feather- veined ; petiole 1 in. Panicle terminal. Sepah ^~\ in., oval- 
 lanceolate, downy. Petals twice the length of the sepals, oblong-spathulate. Stamens 
 in 5 parcels, one opposite each petal. Staminodes 5, linear-subulate, much shorter than 
 the stamens, opposite the sepals. Ovary pubescent, globose. Styles shorter than the 
 stamens. Capside | by 1 in. 
 
 3. PXTVAANTKE, Thwaites. 
 
 A tree. Leaves obovate. Panicles terminal. Flowers small, numerous. 
 Calyx urceolate-campanulate, 3-4-lobed. Petals obovate, tapering at the 
 base, glandless. Fprtile stamens 15 in groups of 3 before the petals, fila- 
 ments dilated. Staminodes 5, opposite the sepals. Anther-lohes divergent at 
 the base. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, cells opposite the sepals, 1-2-ovuled, ovules 
 
 f)endulous ; styles conjoined, stigma minute 5-lobed. Fruit pyriform, locu- 
 icidally 5-valved, 1 -seeded by abortion. Seeds oblong, netted, pubescent. — 
 DiSTRiB. A single species, native of Ceylon. 
 
 1. P. verrucosa, Thwaites Enum. 29 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. 1. 109. 
 
 Ceylon ; Balticaloa, Jaffna, Trincomalee, TJiicaites. 
 
 Leaves 2-6 by 1-3 in., shining on the upper surface, paler beneath, with stellate 
 pubescence, crenate, base rounded 3-nerved ; petiole ^-f in. Floicers ^ in. Flower- 
 buds ovoid, acute. Calyx J in., lobes ovate acute as long as the tube. Petals and 
 stamens twice the length of the sepals. Capsule |- 1 in. 
 
 4. CKAXlTACAXiirX, Maingay herb. 
 
 A tree. Leaves alternate, simple, 1-nerved. Panicle terminal, few- 
 flowered. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, lobes valvate accrescent coloured. 
 Petals 0. Stamens numerous, free, springing from the top of a short gyno- 
 phore ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, cells parallel dehiscing at the sides longi- 
 tudinally. Stamin/xles 0. Ovary stalked, 5-celled ; placentas axile • styles 
 consolidated stigmas 5 linear recurved ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, 
 pendulous from near the apex of the placenta. Fruit not seen. — The fol- 
 lowing is the only known species. 
 
 1. C. accrescens, Mast.; leaves oblong acuminate entire base oblique. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 Branches rigid, obliquely ascending. Leaves 2-4 by |-1| in., coriaceous, glabrous 
 above, rusty tomentose beneath, base rounded or tapering, 1 -nerved, venation arched; 
 petiole \-\ in. Panicle stellate-hairy, pedicel 1 in., jointed near the base. Calyx 
 \ in., ultimately 2 in. diam,, papery, pink, veins prominent. Filaments slender, stellate- 
 hairy, half the length of the calyx. Ovary pilose, ovoid, obscurely 5-lobed. Styles 
 cylindric, stellate-pilose, longer than the filaments, dividing at irregular heights int» 
 2-5 stigmatic branches. — The cohesion between the styles is apparently but slight, 
 hence they separate one from another at varying heights. 
 
Berrya.} xxviii. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 383 
 
 5. BSRRVA, Eoxb. 
 
 A tree. Leaves alternate, ovate, acuminate, glabrous, base cordate, 5-7- 
 nerved. Panicles large, many-flowered, terminal and axillary. Calyx cam- 
 panulate, irregularly 3-5-lobed. Petals 5, spathulate. Stamens many, inserted 
 on a short torus ; anthers didymous, lobes divergent opening lengthwise. 
 JStaminodes 0. Omr?/ 3-4-lobed, cells, 4-ovuled; style consolidated, stigma 
 lobed; ovules horizontal. Fruit loculicidally 3-4-valved, each valve 
 2-winged. Seeds pilose albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat leafy, radicle 
 superior next the hilum. — Distrib. The following is the only species. 
 
 1. B. ammonilla, Eoxh. HoH. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 639 ; Cor. PI. iii 
 264; leaves ovate base cordate palmately 5-7-nerved. Wall. Cat. 1068; 
 W.ikA. Prodr. i. 81 ; Wight III. t. 34 ; Thwaites Enum, 32 ; Beddome Flor. 
 Sylvat, t. 58. 
 
 Malabar, Travancore, Pegu, Martaban, Wallich &c. ; Ceylon. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 4-8 by 2i-3 in. ; petiole 14 in. and upwards. Stipules ensi- 
 form. Pedicels 1 in., pubescent. Calyx \ in., downy. PeteZs linear-oblong, twice the 
 length of the calyx. Filaments half the length of the petals. Ovary ovate ; style 
 short, stigma 3-cleft. Capsule 6-winged, rounded, wings netted, villose. Seeds 1-4 in 
 each cell. 
 
 Var. mollis ; petiole and under surface of leaves pubescent. Berrya mollis. Wall. 
 Cat. 1186 ; KurzinJourn. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 62. — Attran. — The wood is used for 
 building, and is sometimes called Trincomalee wood. 
 
 6. GBEWZA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs more or less stellate-pubescent. Leaves entire, 1-9- 
 nerved. P'lowers axillary, few or more numerous and panicled. Sepals 
 distinct. Petals 5, glandular at the base, sometimes 0. Stamens many on a 
 raised torus. Staminodes 0. Ovary 2-4-celled, cells opposite the petals, 
 2-many-ovuled ; style subulate, stigma shortly lobed. Drupe fleshy or 
 fibrous, entire, or 2-4-lobed ; stones 1-4, 1-2-seeded, with false partitions 
 between the seeds. Seeds ascending, albumen fleshy or rarely ; cotyledons 
 flat. — Distrib. A genus of about 60 species, for the most part confined to 
 the hotter regions of the old world. Some of the Indian species are 
 endemic, others common to tropical Africa, &c. The synonymy of some 
 of the species is extremely involved, and the genus requires a complete 
 re-examination. The structure of the drupes and seeds in particular requires 
 fuller investigation than is possible in herbarium specimens which are often 
 incomplete. 
 
 Sect. I. Grewia proper. Flowers axillary or terminal. Fruit fleshy 
 or crustaceous usually lobed. 
 
 * Inflorescence usually terminal or extra-axillary. 
 
 I. Gr. coluxnnaris, Sm. ; DC. Prodr. i. 510 ; shrubby, leaves scabrous 
 oblong shortly acuminate glandular-serrate, cymes extra-axillary and termi- 
 nal, flower-buds conical sulcate, drupes turbinate 4-lobed bristly. Wight Ic. 
 t. 44 ; W. S A. Prodr. I 76 ; Thwaites Enum. 31 ; Dak. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26. 
 G. orientalis, Vahl Symb. i. 34, ex W. d; A. I.e. G. pilosa, WaU. Cat. 1112 
 C, D, E, F, not of Lam. G. bracteata, Miq. PI. Holien. G. obtusa, WaU. 
 Cat. 1103, partly. G. carpinifolia, Wall. Cat. 1093. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Bengal and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, East tropical Africa. 
 
384 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grewia. 
 
 A shrub. Branches virgate, stellate-hairy. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1^ in., coriaceous, 
 glabrescent, base rounded, 3-nerved, secondary nerves arched ; petiole ^-\ in. 
 Flowers white, in terminal corymbose cymes. Ptdundes twice the length of the 
 petiole, 3-5-flowered, pedicels supported by small subulate deciduous bracts. Sepals 
 ^ in., linear, yellow, 3nerved. Petals half the length of the calyx, ovate-lanceolate, 
 entire. Tortis short, villous. Ovary villous. Drupes ^ in. diam., purplish ; stones 4, 
 2-celled. 
 
 2. G. emarg-inata, W.d: A. Prodr. i. 79 ; shrubby, leaves stellate-liairy 
 above pubescent beneath roundish-obovate cordate gland-toothed, pe- 
 duncles mostly terminal much longer than the petiole, flower-buds ovate- 
 oblong not striated, drupes glabrescent, stones 4 1-2-seeded. G. carpinifolia, 
 Roth Nov. Sp. 245, partly; Wall. Cat. 1093 B, jxirtly. G. orientalis, Wall. 
 Cat. 1093 B, G. G. involucrata, Wall. Cat. 1093, C. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Mysore, Courtallum, Pulney and Nilghiri Mts., Wight, &c. 
 
 Leaves 2-24 ^J ^3-2 in., base 3-nerved, secondary nerves not arched, petioles 4 in. 
 Stipules subulate. Peduncle 1^ in., 3-6-branched, pedicel 4-| in. Bracts linear- 
 subulate. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals Hiiear-lanceolate. Petals linear-oblong, emar- 
 ginate, shorter than the sepals. Torus elongate. iStyle clavate, stigma 4r-lobed. 
 Drupe the size of a large pea, yellowish, subglobose, turbinate, 4-lobed. 
 
 3. G-. opposltifolia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 583 ; a tree, leaves scabrous 
 above pubescent beneath broadly ovate-lanceolate acuminate, cymes umbel- 
 late opposite the leaves, drupes 1 -4-lobed, stone 1 -celled 1 -seeded. Wight 
 Ic. t. 82; Wall. Cat. 1101 ; Miq. FL hid. Bat. I pt. 2, 204. 
 
 Common and indigenous, wild in the N.W. Himalaya, from Jamu to Nipal, ascend- 
 ing to 7000 ft. ; also frequently cultivated. 
 
 Bark aah-coloured. Herbaceous portions rotigh with stellate liairs. Leaves 3 by 
 li in., distichous, crenate-serrate, lower serratures glandular, base rounded, 3-nerved, 
 secondary nerves scarcely arched, tertiary veins parallel conspicuous ; petiole ^ in., 
 pilose. Stiptdes caducous, linear lanceolate, longer than the petioles Peduncles oppo- 
 site the leaf, sometimes terminal, rarely axillary, much longer than the petioles ; pedicels 
 shorter than the peduncle, clavate, with small bracteoles at the base. Flower-buds 
 cjlindric, obovate-oblong, pilose sulcate-striate. Floicers yellowish. Sepals % in., 
 linear, 3-nerved. Petah oblong, entire, half the length of the sepals. Turm hairy, 
 scarcely longer than the glands. Ovary 2-ceIled, cells 2 ovuled, stigma 2-lobed. 
 Drupe glabrescent, blackish, lobes the size of a small pea. — The leaves are used as 
 fodder, the bark for cordage, and the wood for various purposes. 
 
 4. G-. orientalis, Linn.; DC. Prodr. \. 510; shrubby, often scandent, 
 leaves glabrescent elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles axillary and ter- 
 minal twice the length of the petiole, petals lanceolate entire, drupe globose 
 scarcely lobed. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586 ; Roth New. Sj). 242 ; W. d' A. Prodr. 
 i. 76; Wall. Cat. 1100 A, B, D, E; Thwaites Enum. 31; Dalz. d; Gibs. 
 Brmh. Fl. 26. G.' obtusa. Wall. Cat. 1103, />ar^/?/. G. rhamnifolia. Roth 
 Nov. Sp. 244 ; Wall. Cat. 1100 C. G. ovaHfoiia, WirjM in Wall. Cat. 1103 
 B, C. G. pilosa, Wall. Cat. U\% partly. 
 
 Southern Provinces of the Western Peninsula, TF/^A^/ Ceylon. 
 
 Branches virgate, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 4 in., base tapering or 
 slightly cordate, 3-nerved, arch-veined, veins with appressed simple hairs, margins 
 serrulate ; petiole 4 in. Cymes umbellate ; pedicels shorter than the flowers, each with 
 a small subulate bracteole at the base. Flower-huds ovoid, pilose, ribbed. Sepals 
 nearly 1 in., linear, yellow, pubescent outside. Petals half as long as the sepals, lanceo- 
 late, entire. Torus hispid, short. Drup)e8 yellow, wrinkled, the size of a small 
 cherry, pilose ; stones 4, 2-3-celled. — ITie Ceylon specimens are referred with doubt to 
 this species, as I have not seen the fruit. 
 
Grewia.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 385 
 
 5. G-. umbellata, Moxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ; shrubby, 
 scandent, leaves glabrescent above thinly stellate-hairy beneath elliptic 
 acaminate, cymes umbellate terminal and axillary, drupe 1-celied 1-seeded. 
 Wight Ic. t. 83 ; Wall. Cat. 1084. G. pedicellata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 585 ; 
 Wall Cat. 1084 B. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Concan and Coromandel ; Eastern Peninsula, Malacca, 
 Penang, and Sincapur, Maingaii, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Philippines, Sumatra. 
 
 Branches virgate, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 5 by 2 in., base rounded, 3-nerved, 
 veins not prominent, not arched; petiole ^-:|: in. Peduncle longer than the petiole, 
 pedicels divergent. Flower-buds narrow, oblong, pilose, striated. Sepals ^ in. Petals 
 narrow, entire, shorter than the sepals, springing from the back of a thickened claw. 
 Torus prolon<:ed, terete, pilose. Drupe the size of a cherry, stellate -hairy, obscurely 
 lobed, purplish. 
 
 6. G-. heterotricha, Mast. ; arborescent, leaves scabrous elliptic 
 acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles opposite the leaves and terminal twice 
 the length of the petiole, buds obovoid, torus elongate sulcata. 
 
 Western Peninsula, in Kurg, G. Thomson. 
 
 A shrub or small tree ? Young shoots stellate-hairy, ferruginous. Leaves 4 by 2 in., 
 stellate-hairy; petiole 4 in., densely pilose, hairs simple, stipules subulate, equal to 
 the petiole, with simple hairs. Peduncles 3-flowered, stellate-hairy, pedicels shorter 
 than the flower. Bracts subulate. Flowers 1 in, diam. Sepals linear-oblong, 3-nerved. 
 Petals lanceolate, half the length of the sepals. Toru^ and ovary clothed with simple 
 hairs. Anthers glabrous. Stigma clavate, 5-lobed. — The only specimens known to me 
 were gathered by collectors employed by G. Thomson, Esq., of Madras, about the 
 year 1845. 
 
 7. G. populifolia, Vald ; DC. Prodr. i. 511 ; shrubby, leaves 'glabrous 
 unequally crenate-serrate, base roundish or cuneate, peduncle solitary or 
 twin opposite the leaves, drupe 1-4-lobed, stones 1-4 1-2-celled ; W. (t A. 
 Prodr. i. 80 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 843 ; Wall. Cat. 1088 BlCi G. betulasfolia, 
 Jim. in Ann. Mm. iv. 92, t. 2, £ 1; Eotk Nov. Sp. 249. G. rigida. 
 Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1088 D. 
 
 Sjndh, StocJiS, Dalzell, &c. ; Panjab, Aitcheson, &c. ; Western Peninsula, 
 Concan, Nilghiris, &c. — Distrib. Affghanistan, Arabia, Tropical Africa, Mauritius. 
 
 A much and intricately branched shrub; herbaceous portions more or less stellate- 
 hairy, ultimately glabrescent. Leaves ^-IJ by 1^ in., coriaceous, multiform, often 
 cuneate-obovate, base 3-5-nerved ; secondary nerves obscure, not arched ; petiole ^ in. 
 Peduncles longer than the petiole. Sepals 4-| in., linear-oblong. Petals white, 
 notched, shorter than the sepals. Torus short. Ovary hoary, ultimately glabrescent. 
 Drupes yellowish, generally 2-lobed, lobes the size of a small pea, orange-red. — The 
 acid i'ruit is eaten under the name of "(jingo." 
 
 ** Inflorescence axillary very rarely extra-axillary. 
 t Leaves hoary, at least beneath. 
 
 8. Cr. ezcelsa, Vahl ; DC. Prodr. i. 509; shrubby, leaves glabrous 
 above hoary beneath ovate-oblong or lanceolate acuminate serrulate, 
 peduncles 2-3 axillary much longer than the petiole, petals entire, drupe 
 globose pubescent. Wall. Cat. 6307 A ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 586. G. Eothii, 
 DC. Prodr. i. 509 ; W. d: A. Prodr. i. 78. G. bicolor, Rotk Nov. Sp. 240, 
 not o/Jiiss. G. salvifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 587 ; Wall. Cat. 1091. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, Assam, Sikkim, and Chittagonq; Bundelkund, Edgeworth ; 
 Coromandel, Roxburgh. — Distrib Tropical Africa. 
 
 Leaves 4-5 by 1^ in., finely serrulate, base rounded, 5-nerved, nerves arched trans- 
 verse ones prominent, tip obtuse or acute ; petiole ^-\ in. Stipules linear-Hgulate, 
 
 VOL. I. C C 
 
386 xxviii. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grenna. 
 
 longer than the petiole. Flowers \-l in. diam. Sepals linear. Petals oblong, half the 
 length of the sepals. Drvpe the size of a pea ; nuts 2-celled. — Possibly not specifically 
 distinct from G. salvifolia, Heyne. The fruit is agreeable. 
 
 9. G. salvifolia, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sj\ 239 ; leaves glabrescent hoary 
 beneath entire or minutely serrate, peduncles 1-3 axillary clustered k»nger 
 than the petiole, petals 2-fid, drupe 1-4-lobed. W. <k A. Frodr. i. 77. 
 G. bicolor, Juss. in Ann. Mm. iv. 90, t. 50, f. 2 ; Boiss. Fl. Oi-ient. i. 844. 
 G. araria, Wall. Cat. 6308? 
 
 North West provinces from the JnELUNf to Nipal, Hamilton, &c. ; Western Penin- 
 sula, Heyne, &c. — Djstrib. Tropical Africa. 
 
 A shrub or small tree ; bark grey, herbaceous portions covered with soft hoary pubes- 
 cence. Leaves 2^ by 1^ in., base 3 nerved, transverse nerve.s indistinct; petiole \ in. 
 Stipules ^ in., subulate. Feuuncles 2 in., pedicels | in. Buds ovate-oblong, striated. 
 Sepals \ in., linear, 3-nerved. Petals ^ in., obovate, 2-fid, limb yellow from the back 
 of the thickened claw. Ovary pubescent ; style as long as the stamens. — Wight and 
 Am< tt describe the petals as entire, probably from confounding the present species 
 with G. liothii. 
 
 10. Cr. orbiculata, Hottl in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. 1803, 205; 
 shrubby, leaves cordate roundish elliptic or oblong pubescent on both 
 surfaces hoary beneath minutely toothed, peduncles tufted longer than the 
 petiole, flower-bufls subglobose or oblong, drupes slightly 2-lobed, stones 
 1-2 2-celled. Roth Nov. Sp. 246 ; WuU. Cat. 1085 and p. 237, 1085 C. 
 G. rotund if olia, J ass. in Ann. Mas. iv. 92, t. 50, f. 3 ; Wi(/ht Ic. t. 45 ; W. 
 d' A. Frodr. i. 80 ; Wall. Cat. 1085. G. orbicularis, G. Don Gen. Syst. 
 i. 550. G. variabilis. Wall. Cat. 1087. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Concan, Malabar, &c. 
 
 A shrub; branches virgate. Leaves 1-2^ by ^-1^ in., subsessile, base often oblique, 
 5-nerved, nerves arched. Cymes umbellate ; peduncles pihse, 3- flowered ; pedicels 
 phorter than the peduncles, divaricate. Bracteolts minute, pinnatifid. Buds ov(.id 
 oblong striated. Flowers yellow, \ in. diam. Svpoh liii<ar. Petals notched, half the 
 length of the sepals. Tbrtw glabrescent, very short. Ct;a?-r/ vi lions. />rt/^e greyish, 
 pil(»8e. — '1 he G. oriicultta, of Wall. Cat. 1U85 1), may prove a distinct species. It 
 nas smaller flowers and very small glands to the petals. 
 
 11. G. tllleefolia, Vahl Symh. i. 35 ; a tree, leaves hoary beneath oblique 
 cordate, stipules leafy falcate acuminate, auricled, tiower-buds oval-oblong, 
 drupe 1-4-lohed small subglobose, stimes 3-6-celled. W. d' A. Frodr. i. 8(); 
 Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 587 ; Wall. Cat. 1094 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26; Bed- 
 d^nne Fl. Sylvat. t. 108; Thwaites Enum. 32. G. arborea, Roth Sp. Nov. 247. 
 G. variabilis. Wall. Cat 1087, partly. G. subinaequalis. Wall. Cat. 1087 E. 
 
 Hot dry foretts throughout Western India, ascending to 4000 ft. in the Himalaya. 
 Western Peninsula; Birma, Ceylon. — Disirib. East Tro])ical Africa. 
 
 A moderate tree, branches purj)lish. Jjeaius 4 by 2 in., dentate, base 3-5-nerved, 
 feather veined ; petiole \-i in., pubescent, tbickenid at the top. Peduncles 3-10, 
 axillary, tufted, as L^ng as, or longer than, the petiole Pedicels 3, divergent, shorter 
 than the peduncle. Sepals ^h, in., oblong. Petals oblong, emarginate, half the hn.th 
 of the sepals. Torus slender, glabrftus. Drupe blackish, the size of a small pea — 
 Fruit eaten by the natives. The stipules form the best distinguishing mark of this 
 species. 
 
 12. Cr. asiatlca, L. ; W. & A. Frodr. i. 79; arborescent, leaves roundish 
 coarsely and irregularly toothed subacuminate obli([ue, stipules subulate 
 ensiform, buds club-shaped, drupes subturbinate with 1 or 2 1-celled nuts. 
 Ro:cb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586 ; Wall. Cat. 1089 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i, 844 ; Dalz. d 
 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26. G. subinaequalis, DC. Frodr. i. 511 ; Wall. Cat. 
 1087 C. 
 
Grewia.] xxviii. .tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 387 
 
 Generally cultivated in India, except in the Gangetic plains and E. Bengal ; said to 
 be indigenous in the Salt Range, Poonah, and Oudh. Ceylon. 
 
 A small tree, herbaceous portions covered with soft yellowish pubescence. Leaves 
 2--7 in., obliquely cordate, base 5-nerved, smaller nerves not arched, prominent beneath, 
 transverse ones parallel ; petiole 4 in , thickened at the top. Stipules nearly as long 
 as the petiole. Peduncles 2 or more, usually shorter, sometimes longer, than the 
 petioles, dividing into 2 or more divergent pedicels. Bracts linear. Flowers f in. diam. 
 /Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Petals yellow, linear-oblong, half the length of the sepals. 
 Drupe globose, 1-2-lobed, pilose, about the size of a pea. — A very variable plant, the 
 following form is usually held to be distinct : — 
 
 Var. vestita, Wall. Cat. 1105 (sp.); leaves obovate acuminate obscurely 3-lobed 
 minutely serrate, cymes densely crowded, buds ovoid not striated. G. asiatica, Wall. 
 Cat. 1089, partly. G. elastica, Boyle 111. t. 22. G. obtecta, Wall. Cat. 1114.— Tropi- 
 cal Hinialaya, from Garwhal to Sikkim, Pegu. 
 
 13. Cr. sapida, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 590 ; shrubby, leaves subsessile ovate 
 or orbicular doubiy-serrate pilose above pubescent beneath, sti])ules linear, 
 peduncles 2-5-flowered, drupes subglobose slightly 4-lobed, stone 2-seeded. 
 Wall. Cat. 1115. G. nana, Wall Cat. 1102. G. suffruticosa, Ham. in Wall. 
 Cat. 1102 B, G. G. pumila, Ham. in Don Prodr. 227. 
 
 Teopical Himalaya, from Garwhal to Bhotan, and Assam. 
 
 A decumbent shrub ; stock woody, subterranean, sending up annually a number of 
 herbaceous pubescent shoots, 12-14 in. Leaves If in. by 3 in., base 5-nerved, secon- 
 dary nerves not arched ; petiole 4 in. Stipules linear-subulate, as long as the petiole. 
 Peduncles 2-3, 1 in, ; pedicels divaricate, shorter than the petiole. Flower-buds ob- 
 long. Flowers yellow, ^ in. diam. Sepals oblong. Petals yellow, entire, half the 
 length of the sepals. Torus glabrescent. Drupes the size of a pea, obscurely lobed. — 
 The shoots are usually burnt by the jungle fires after flowering. Roxburgh describes 
 the petals as 2-toothed, the stone as 1-3-seeded, and the leaves as scabrid. 
 
 ft Leaves not hoary beneath. 
 Drupe globose, rind crusiaceous. 
 
 14. G. scabrophylla, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 584 ; shrubby, leaves scabrous 
 above pubescent beneath roundish ovate irregularly serrate, peduncles 
 1-4 axillary equalling the petiole 2-3-flowered, drupe globose tomentose 
 with a crustaceous rind. G. sclerophylla. Wall. Cat. ID95 ; Wight Ic. t. 
 89. G. Carrea, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1095 B. G. sulcata, Wall. Cat. 1096. 
 G. pilosa, Wall. Cat. 1112, partly. G. obliqua, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 590? not 
 of Juss. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya; Garwhal, Falconer; Sikkim, alt. 2-300 ft., Hk.f.; Assam, 
 Chittagong, and Ava, Wallich, &c. 
 
 A small shrub, herbaceims portions pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 4 in., often 
 slightly lobed, base 3-o-nerved, secondary nerves not arched, prominent beneath ; 
 petiole 4 in. Stipules subulate. Cymes umbellate, pedicels diverging, longer than the 
 peduncles. Bracteoles linear-sabulate, deciduous. Flower buds ovate-oblong, ribbed. 
 Flowers f in. Sepals linear-lanceolate pubescent. Petals obovate, white, notched, 
 half the length of the sepals or less. Torus short, hispid. Ovary hairy, 2-celled, cells 
 4-6-ovuled. Drupe the size of a large cherry, stellate-hairy ; stones 4, 1-celled, 
 1- seeded. 
 
 15. C, carpinifolia, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 91, t. 51, f. 1; arborescent, 
 leaves 3-nerved oval acute thinly stellate-hairy crenate-serrate, peduncles 
 exceeding the short petiole, flower-buds elliptic dilated at the base, 
 anthers smooth, drupe globose glabrescent. G. pilosa. Wall. Cat. 1112, 
 partly. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Pondicherry. — Distkib. Tropical Africa. 
 
 CC2 
 
388 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Greivia. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 3 by 1^ in., glabrescent above, thinly stellate-haiiy along the 
 nerves beneath ; petiole \ in. Peduncles 3-flowered, pedicels short. Flower-buds 
 pilose. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Petals oblong, half the length of the sepals. 
 
 16. G. pilosa, Lam. Diet iii. 43, excl. syn. ; shrubby, leaves subsessile 
 scabrous cuiieate-obovate or lanceolate, peduncles 1-3 as long as the petiole, 
 drupe hairy 1-4-lobed. W. d: A. Prodr, i. 78 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26. 
 G. carpinifolia,^«o:?;6. Fl. hid. ii. 587; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1113 C, ]xirtly, not 
 of Juss. ; Moth Nw. Sp. 245, partly. G. involucrata, Wig}\t in Wall. Cat. 
 1093 C. G. commutata, DC. Prodr. \. 611. G. flavescens, Juss. in Ann. Mvs. 
 iv. 91 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1113 D. G. bipartita. Wall. Cat.j). 237, 1113 B. 
 G. scabrida. Wall. Cat. 1113. G. orientalis, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. t. 106? 
 
 Central and Soutiiehn India ; from Guzebat to Beuar, and southwards to 
 Maisor. — DiSTRiB. Tropical Africa. 
 
 A small tree or shrub, herbaceous portions rough with stellate hairs. Leaves 2-4 
 by 1-1 4 in., scarcely acuminate, uneoually serrate, softer beneath, base rounded or 
 siibcordate, 3-nerved, secondaries archea ; petiole very short, pilose. Stipules subulate, 
 acuminate. Peduncles axillary, \ in. ; pelicels as long as the peduncle. Flower-huds 
 oblong, dilated at the base, constricted in the middle. Sepals linear. Petals linear, 
 2-ti(l, one-third shorter than the sepals. Torus glabrous, scarcely exceeding the glai'ds. 
 Anthers ami style stellate-hairy. Stigma 4-parted. Ovules numerous. Drupe reddish- 
 brown, the size of a large pea, mesocarp fibrous ; stones 1-4, 1-3-celled, pitted. — Very 
 great confusion exists in books and herbaria as to the synonymy of this and some nearly 
 allied species. 
 
 Several distinct species are called G. jyilosa in Wallich's herbarium, and the labels 
 have in all probability been slyfted ; moreover, it sometimes happens that two or three 
 difterent plants are included under the same letter, 
 
 17. G, villosa, Willd. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. 1P03, 205 ; shrubby, 
 leaves rugose above villous beneath suborbicular obliquely cordate serrate, 
 serratures ciliate, peduncles very short, drupe 4-stoned rind crustaceou.'*. 
 J)C. Prodr. i. 512 ; W. d- A. Prodr. i. 79 ; Wall. Cat. 6i06; Dalz. d- Gibs. 
 Fl. Bmnb. 25. G. corylifolia, Giiill. dc Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 95, t. 20. G. or- 
 biculata, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 551, not of Bottler. 
 
 Western and Southern India, from Sindh and the Pakjab to Travancor. — 
 DisTRiB. Cape de Verde Islands, Tropical Africa. 
 
 Herbaceous portions covered with long soft hairs. Leaves 1-3 in., apex acuminate or 
 rounded, base 5-uerved, nerves prominent villous, secondary nerves not arched; petiole 
 4-1 in. iSVijj«/eif broad, leafy. Flotrcrs nearly sessile, in close tufr*^, sonit times oppo- 
 site the leaves. Bra'ts oblong. Sepals oblong, acute, villous. Petals dull yellow, 
 oblong, notched, much shorter than the sepals. Drupe globose, coppery, pilose, the 
 si/e of a cherry ; stones 4, l-2-8eeded. 
 
 00 Drupes fleshy didymous. 
 
 18. Gr, multiflora, J?/.s.s. in Ann. Mus. iv. 89, t. 47, f. 1 ; shrub or tree, 
 leaves shortly ) ctioled lanceolate glandular-serrate peduncles much exceed- 
 ing the petiole 3-tlo\vered, fiower-buds obhmg-clavate, petals entire, drupes 
 2-lobed. Miq. Fl. Lid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 200. G. sepiaria, Ro^ib. Hort. Beng. 42 ; 
 Fl. hid. ii. 589; Wall. Cat. 1104, partly. G. serrulata, DC. Prodr. i. 510. 
 G. coriacea, Garcke in PI. Hohenack. exskc. 1132. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, Assam, the Sikkim Himalaya, and Khasia Mts., ascending to 
 4000 ft. ; Western Peninsula, Nilgiiiri Mts. ; Singapore. — Distrib. Malay Archi- 
 pelago, East Tropical Africa. 
 
 Branches slender, sparingly hairy. Leaves distichous, variable in shape and size, 
 glabrescent, apex sometimes acuminate, base 3-nerved ; petiole very short, pilose. 
 Stipules linear-subulate, as long as the petiole. Peduncles half the length of the 
 
Grewia.] xxviii. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 389 
 
 leaves, pilose ; pedicels dilated upwards.^ Sepals ^ in., linear-oblong. Petals half the 
 length of the sepals, entire. Drupe the size of a small pea, purplish, glabrescent; stones 
 1-seeded. — Doubtful if distinct from G. Icevigata ; used as a hedge plant. 
 
 19. G-. IflBvig-ata, Vahl Symb. i. 34; arborescent, leaves shortly 
 petioled glabrescent tapering to both ends acuminate serrate, peduncles 
 much exceeding the petiole, fiower-buds oblong obtuse, drupe 2-lobed. 
 W. & A. Prodr. i. 77; Wall. Cat. 1086 H • Mia. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 199. 
 G. ovalifolia, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 90. G. didyma, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 1086, partly. G. disperma, Rottl. in Spreng. Syst. ii. 579. G. mol- 
 lococca, Ham. in Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1086 F. G. Lalpeta, i^am. in Wall. Cat. 
 p. 237, 1086 G. 
 
 Eastern and Southern India, from Nipal, Sikkim, and the Khasia Mts., through 
 both Peninsulas, Ava, and Martaban. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Malay Islands, 
 Australia. 
 
 Herbaceous portions thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 3^-44 by 1|-1| in., 3-nerved, 
 nerves pilose beneath, secondaries arched ; petiole ~ in. Stipules linear-subulate. Buds 
 ovoid-oblong, striated, as long as the petiole. Peduncles 2 or 3 together, 2-3-flowered. 
 Bracts Hnear-subulate. Sepals 4-| in., 3-nerved. Petals oblong-lanceolate, entire, 
 yellow, half the length of the sepals. Torus glabrous, short. Style longer than the 
 stamens. Drupe smooth, 1-4-lobed, the size of a small pea, black when ripe ; stones 
 1 -celled. — Closely allied to G. multijlora, but has larger flowers. 
 
 000 Drupes fleshy l-4-lobed. 
 
 20. G-. Ritchiei, Mast. ; arboreous, leaves glabrescent ovate-lanceolate 
 glandular-serrate 3-nerved, peduncles cymose axillary and terminal, buds 
 oblong subclavate, torus as long as the entire petals sulcate, drupe deeply 
 4-lobed. 
 
 CoNCAN, Stocks; Western Ghauts, Ritchie. 
 
 Young branches stellate-hairy. Leaves 3 by 1^ in., coriaceous, glabrous above, 
 thinly stellate-hairy beneath, base rounded, smaller nerves arching, petiole pilose, ^\y-^ 
 in. Peduncles half as long as the leaves, pedicels pilose. Sepals linear-oblong. Petals 
 white, narrow-pointed, shorter than the sepals. Style exceeding the stamens. Drupe 
 purplish, I in. diam. ; stones 1-seeded. — Allied to G. columnaris, but differs in the ob- 
 Icng buds, very long torus, and deeply lobed fruit. 
 
 21. G-. bracteata, Rotli Nov. Sp. 243; shrubby, leaves glabrescent 
 scabrous beneath oval-lanceolate, peduncles equalling the short petioles, 
 drupe 4-lobed, stones 2-3-celled. W. c& A. Prodr. i. 76. G. obtusa, Wall. 
 Cat. 1103, partly. 
 
 Western Peninsula, in the Carnatic, Heyne; Ceylon. 
 
 Leaves 3-4 by 1^-1 1 in., somewhat oblique, serrate, base rounded, 3-nerved, secondaries 
 arched, with straight hairs along the nerves beneath ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles solitary 
 or twin, axillary, 3-flowered. Bracts broad, pilose, as long as the peduncle. Buds 
 conical or ovoid, pilose, sulcate. Sepals linear, covered with golden down. PetaU 
 much shorter than the sepals, oblong, entire, recurved. Torus prolonged beyond the 
 glands. Drupe shrivelled when dry, the size of a cherry, covered with yellow hairs. — 
 Some specimens, labelled as from Assam, but probably from the Calcutta Bot. Gardens, 
 are slightly more scabrous. 
 
 22. G". scabrida, Wall. Cat. 1113, partly ; shrubby, leaves pilose or 
 glabrescent elliptic acute dentate, peduncles axillary cymose, much longer 
 than the petiole, flower-buds cylindric-oblong ribbed, torus longer than tlie 
 glands, drupe 4-lobed. Kurz inJoum. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 63. G. pilosa, 
 yVall. Cat. 1112, partly. G. ferruginea, HocJist. in A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. \. 
 87 1 G. odorata, Blumeex Walp. Rep. i. 361. G. acuminata. Joss, in Ann. 
 Mus. iv. 91, t. 48. 
 
390 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grervia. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, from Tenasserim, Heifer, to Malacca. — Distrib. Malay Archi- 
 pelago, West Tropical Airica, Abyssinia. 
 
 A climbing shrub ? J!5rancAe« rusty stellate-hairy. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in., base 
 rounded, 3-nerved, transverse nerves prominent ; petiole 4 i"-, rusty tomentose. Stipules 
 subulate-lanceolate. Peduncle 3-4 times Ioniser than the petiole, floccose-tomentose. 
 Sepah f in. and upwards, pilose. Petals oblonsr, entire or erose, less than half the 
 length of the sepals, blade from the back of a thick glandular claw. Turns villous, 
 angular, sulcate. Drupe glabrescent, the size of a cherry, purplish, mesocarp fibrous; 
 stones 1 -seeded. — Variable in size of parts, and in quality of pubescence. 
 
 23. G-. abutillfolla, Jtiss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 92 ; arboreous, leaves scabrous 
 roundish base cordate or rounded irregularly toothed or lobed, peduncles 
 clustered axillary half the length of the petiole, ])etals entire, drupe 
 1-4-lobed pubescent. W. d' A. Prodr. i. 79 ; Wall. Cat. 1092 ; Dalz. d' Gihs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 2f). G. aspera, Eoxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ; Wall. Cat. 
 1092 B, C, D. E. G. macrophylla, G. Dmi Gen. Syst. \. 549. G. asiatica, 
 Wall. Cat. 1089, paribjj not of others. 
 
 We-stekn Peninsula, from the Circa rs and Kurg to Malabar. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A small tree, herbaceous portions scabrid, stellate-hairy. Leaves 3-4 by 24-3 in., 
 thinly stellate-hairy on both surfaces, base 3-nerved, smaller nerves parallel, straiirht ; 
 j)etiole 4 in. Cymes contt acted, pedimcles 3-4-flowered. Buda oblong, pilose. Flower 
 'i in. diam. Sepals ^ in., oblong. Petals much shorter than the sepals, oblong, entire. 
 (hmry hispid ; style as long as the stamens. Drupes yellow, subglobose or turbinate, 
 obscurely 4-lobed, the size of a large pea; stones 4 or fewer, 1-2-celled. 
 
 24. G. diplocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 31 ; shrubby, leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles 3-flowered as long as the 
 petiole, dnipe 4-lobed pilose. 
 
 Ceylon ; Matturatte and Oova, alt. 3000 ft., TJmaites. 
 
 Herbaceous portions clotherl with simi^le appresscd rigid hairs. Branches purplish. 
 Leaves 3-4 by Ij-lJ i"., tapfring at the base, glabrescent or sparingly pilose along 
 the nerves, secondary nerves not arched; petiole ^-i in., hairy. Stipules subulate, 
 lanceolate. Peduncles axillary, pedicels shorter than the peduncle. Bracts subulate, 
 as long as the pedicels. Buds cylindric-oblong. Sepals linear. Petnlx lanceolate, 
 acute, half the length of the sepals, limb scarcely longer than the claw. Stigma 
 4-lobed. 
 
 25. G. miorostemxna, Wall. Cat. 1109; shrubby, leaves scabrous 
 broadly lanceolate acuuiinate coarsely and unequally serrate, cymes tufted, 
 buds oblong striated, drupe subglobose 1-4-lobed. JCurz in Joani. As. Soc. 
 Beng. 1873, ii. 63. 
 
 Pegu and Bikma on the Irrawaddy, and at Prome, Wallich, Griffith, &c. 
 
 Young shoots scabrous; branches terete, stellate hairy Leaves 5-7 by 2J in., bafee 
 rounded, 3-nerved, secondary nerves not arched ; petiole \ in., hairy. Stijrules subulate- 
 acuminate, as long as the petiole. Cymes axillary, many-flowered ; peduncles very short. 
 Buds oblong, striated. Sipals ^ inch, linear, l-nerved. Petals linear, subentire, thorter 
 than the sepals. Torus glabrous, scarcely exceeding the claw of the petals. Dru])e 
 the size of a large pea, purplish, glabrescent. 
 
 26. Cr. humilis, Wall. Cat. 1110; shrubby, leaves downy ovate or 
 roundish acute, i)etiole and peduncle very short, drupe turbinate obscurely 
 lobed. G. pilosa,Jra/Z. Ca<. p. 237, 1112 G. G. retusifolia, Kurz in Joum. 
 As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 294. 
 
 AvA, on the Irrawaddy, WaUich ; Birma, Kurz. 
 
 Branches downy. Leaves li-2 by 1-2 in., 3-5-nerved, feather-veined, secondary 
 nerves transverse parallel ; petiole very short. Stipules linear. Peduncle axillary, 
 hairy, shghtly longer than the petiole, dividing above into 2 or 3 short diverging pedi- 
 
Gremia.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 391 
 
 ce!3. Ripe fruit wrinkled, glabrescenf:, on a very short hispid torus. — Near G. Jdrsuta, 
 but differing in the broader leaves and smaller fruit. 
 
 27. G-, hirsuta, Vahl Symb. i. 34 ; shrubby, leaves glabrescent or pilose 
 above densely tomentose beneath lanceolate acuminate, peduncles 1-3. drupe 
 subglobose 4-lobed. W.& A. Prodr. i. 78 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. il 587 ; Wight Ic. 
 t. 76 ; Tkwaiies Enum. 31 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1091 B. G. pilosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 ii. 588, not Lam. G. salvifolia, Wall. Cat. 1091, not of Roth. G. helicteri- 
 folia, Wall. Cat. 1090 C ; Tliwaites Enum. 31. G. Roxburghii, G. Don 
 Gen. Syst. i. 548, excl. syn. G. saxatilis. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1091 E. G. Sul- 
 coria, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1090 D. G. longifolia. Ham. inWall. Cat. 1090 E. 
 
 Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula; Ceylon. 
 
 Branches stellate-hairy. Leaves distichous, 2^-3 by \\-\\ in., base 3-nerved, oblique, 
 rounded, iiTegularly serrate, wrinkled ; petiole 4 !"•> ^»airy, thickened at the top. 
 jStipules linear, as long as the petiole. Peduncles 1--3, axillary, 2-4-flowered, pedicels 
 very short. Flower-buds oblong, obtuse, pilose. Flower ^ in. diam., white, subse- 
 quently yellow. Sepals lanceolate. Petals oblong, entire, half as long as the sepals. 
 JJrupe glabrescent, the size of a small cherry ; stones 4, 2-celled. — Roxburgh's deeei iption 
 of the stones of this plant being 1-celled is probably erroneous, as shown by Wight and 
 Arnott. --'I 
 
 28. G-. polyg'ama, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 588; shrubby,; ... 
 leaves almost sessile narrow velvety beneath, flowers polygamous, drupe A^ 
 4-lobed. W.&A. Prodr. i, 78 under G hirsuta; Wall. Cat. p. ii37, 1090 B ; ^ 
 Dah. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26. G. helicterifolia. Wall. Cat. 1090, partly ; 
 Tliwaites Enum. 31. G. viminea. Wall. Cat. 1111?. G. lanceolata, //er6. 
 Heyne. G. lancifolia, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 21. G. hirsuta, Wall. Cat. 
 
 p. 237, 1090 0. G. angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 1106?. G. biloba, Wall. Cat. 
 1107 ?. ? G. lancesefolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586. 
 
 North Western India and along the Himalaya, from the Salt Eange to Nipal, 
 ascending to 4000 ft. ; Concan, Pegu, Ceylon. — Distrib, North Australia. 
 
 Herbaceous portions pubescent or thinly pilose ; branches spreading. Leaves dis- 
 tichous, 3-4 by 4-4 in., lanceolate, very acute, serrate, base 3-nerved, nerves not 
 arched, secondary nerves transverse, parallel. Stipules subulate. Peduncles 1-5, 
 axillary, about half the length of the leaf; pedicels 2-3, divergent, shorter than the 
 peduncle. Male fl. Sepals |^-| in. diam., linear, longer than the oblong entire petals. 
 Stamens numerous. Hermaphrodite fl. Ovary very hairy, shortly stipitate. JJrupe 
 4 iu. diam., hairy, brownish; stones 4, 1-seeded. 
 
 Sect. II. Oznpliacarpus. Inflorescence terminal, or terminal and 
 axillary. Flowers involucrate. Brwpe with a corky or fibrous rind. 
 
 29. G. fibrocarpa, Mast. ; arborescent, young shoots densely covered 
 with brown hairs, leaves scabrous above pilose beneath, stipules laciniate, 
 inflorescence terminal, drupe 1-celled globose tomentose outside fibrous 
 within. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay, Griffith. 
 
 A tree; herbaceous portions tomentose. Leaves 5-7 by lf-2j in., somewhat oblique, 
 minutely serrulate, base 3-5-nerved, nerves prominent, secondary distant ; petiole ^ in., 
 densely hairy. Stipules nearly as long as the petiole, ovate, laciniate, concave. Flowers 
 numerous, in terminal cymes ; pednncles longer than the petiole ; pedicels divergent. 
 Bracts oblong, entire, ^-| in. Sepals linear-oblong, very pilose, |^ in. Petals linear- 
 oblong, half the length of the sepals. Torus as long as the glands of the petals. Drupe 
 1 by ^ in., stone 1-seeded. 
 
 30. Ct, g-lobullfera, Mast. ; shrubby, herbaceous portions floccose 
 tomentose, leaves glabrescent oblong acuminate entire, base rounded 
 3-nerved, liower-heads globose, drupe 1-celled, stone cartilaginous. 
 
392 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grenna. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 8 by 3 in., glabresceut or thinly stellate-hairy, nerves prominent beneath, secon- 
 dary nerves distant ; petiole 1 in., thickened at the end, tomentose. iStipules caducous. 
 Ivfiorescence terminal, floccose-tomentose ; cymes half the length of the leaves, ultimate 
 pedicels with 3 ovate entire bracts supporting as many flowers. Buds oblong. Sepals 
 linear-oblong, ^ in., tomentose. Petals notched, dilated at the base, shorter than the 
 sepals. Torus not much longer than the petaline glands. Zhupe 1 in., furfuraceo- 
 tomentose, crustaceous, fibrous in the middle ; stone 1-celled, l-seeded. 
 
 31. G. calophylla, JCurz in Amiaman Report^ App. B, iii. ; shrubby, 
 leaves glabrous ovate-lanceolate acuminate, base rounded, drupe 2-celled. 
 
 Andaman isles, Kurz ; Malacca? Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 6-7 by 3 in., coriaceous, entire, 3-nerved, secondary nerves distant ; petiole 
 ^-\ in. Ivfiorescence terminal, pedicels articulate. Flower-biuis cylindric, noary, 
 striated. Sepals linear-oblong. Petals shorter than the sepals. Drupe '4 by ^ i"-, 
 obovate, tapering at the base into a stalk, coriaceous and glabrous externally, filjrous 
 within ; stones 2, 1-celled. — Kurz suggests {Flora 1872, 397) that Inodaphnis lanceo- 
 lata, Miq. Fior. Ind. Bat. Supp. i. 357, from Sumatra is this plant. 
 
 32. G-. latlfolla, Jfasf. ; a tree, leaves glabrescent above stellate-hairy 
 beneath oblong acuminate inequilateral entire tapering at the base sub- 
 3-nerved, inflorescence terminal f ulvo-tomentose, drupe 1-celled. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 7-8 by 3^ in. ; petiole \ in., pilose. Inflorescence cymose, peduncles half 
 the length of the leaves, pedicels divaricate. Drvpe ovoid, 1 by | in., glabroun, rind 
 yellow, crustaceous, middle coat fibrous; stone 1-celled, 1- or more-seeded. — I have 
 not seen flowers of this species, which, however, appears quite distinct. 
 
 33. Ge. laurifolla, Hook. ms. ; shrubby, leaves glabrous oblong sub- 
 acuminate mucronate entire, inflorescence pubescent terminal and axillary. 
 
 Malacca and Penano, Maingay, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 A shrub or tree? i?ra7?c/i&» terete, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1^ in., shining, base 
 3-nerved, secondary nerves very distant ; petiole 1 in. Cr//?ie shorter than the leaves. 
 Involucre of 3 ovate dentate bracts. Sepals 5, pubescent. Petals 5, or fewer by 
 abortion, sometimes absent. Drupe 4 in., globose, yellow, 1-lobed by abortion, tapering 
 below into a stalk of nearly equal length to itself, fibrous within ; stone 3-celled. Seed 
 
 1 by abortion. — Fruit agreeable subacid {Maingay). 
 
 Sect. III. BZicrocos. Ivjlyrescence terminal, in panicled cymes. Flowers 
 involucrate. Drui)e entire, fleshy (unknown in G. sinuaia). 
 
 34. G. slnuata, WaU. Cat. 1108; shrubby, branches spreading glabres- 
 cent, leaves ovate obtuse sinuate, stipules entire as long as the very short 
 petiole. 
 
 Maktaban and Tenasserim, Wallich, Griffith, &c. 
 
 Brunches slender, rigid, widely spreading, thinly stellate-hairy when young. Leaves 
 
 2 by 1 in., glabrous, coriaceous, base rounded, scarcely 3-nerved, secondary nerves 
 straight, apex obtusely acuminate ; petiole ^-^ in. Stipules subulate, as long as the 
 petiole. Cymes at the ends of the branches. Buds obovoid, longer than the pedicels, 
 hoary. Sepals oblong. Petals oblong, entire, half the length of the sepals. Torus 
 as long as the glands. Fruit not seen. 
 
 35. G. Mlcrocos, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 510; shrubby, leaves glabrescent 
 ovate or obovate-lanceolate serrulate acuminate, stipules subulate-lanceolate. 
 W. <k A. Prodr. i. 81 ; Wall. Cat. 1098 ; Wujht III. t. 33 ; Thwaites Fnurn. 
 32 : Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 202 ; Dalz. l^ GUjs. Bomb. Fl. 26. G. ulmi- 
 folia, Eoxb. Uort. Beng, 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 691 ; Wall. Cat 1098, 1, 2,3, and 
 
Grewia.] xxviii. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 393 
 
 p. 237, 1098 H ; Wight Ic. t. 84. G. affinis, Lindl. in Trans. HorU Soc. vi. 265. 
 G. begonifolia, Wall. Cat. 237, 1098 D. G. glabra, Jack. Mai. Misc. i. p. 14, 
 ex Hook Bot. Misc. i. 282. Microcos paniculata, L.ex W. dh A. Frodr. i. 81 ; 
 Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1098 E, F. M. mala, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 549. 
 M. Stauntoniana, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 551. — Rheede Hort. Mai. i t. 56. 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; Khasia Mts., ascending to 4000 ft.; Chittagong, Birma, and 
 Martaban ; Western Peninsula, Mysore, &c. ; Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, China. 
 
 Leaves distichous, 5-6 by 1^ in., subcoriaceous, glabrous, or more or less stellate-hairy 
 beneath, base 3-nerved ; petiole ^-^ in. Stipvles entire, half the length of the leaves. 
 Cymes terminal, peduncles pubescent, pedicels hispid divergent. Bracts subulate. 
 Flowers 2 or 3 together within the bracts. Sepals oblong, pubescent. Petals oblong, 
 entire or slightly emarginate, thrice shorter than the sepals. Drupe the size of a pea, 
 purplish, glabrous ; stone hairy, 3-celled. 
 
 VAR. rugosa; leaves bullate. G. rugosa, Wall. Cat. 1098 /3. Arsis rugosa, Lour. 
 i^^.CocA. 409.— Pegu. 
 
 3G. Ge, paniculata, Boxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ; shrubby, leaves pubescent 
 :)ene;itli oblong ucLiiiiiuute sonulate base cuneate, petiole short, stipules 
 2-partite, drupes 1-4-lobed obovoid. Wall. Cat. 1097, parili/ ; Miq. Fl. hid. 
 Bat. i. pt. 2, 203. G. Blumei, Hassk. Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. xii. 130 ; Miq.^ Fl. 
 Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 203. Microcos tomentosa, Smith in Bees Cycl. G. amnis, 
 Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog. 207, not of Lindl. 
 
 Malacca and Penang, Hunter, Wallich, ifowgro?/.— Distrib. Java, Philippines, 
 Siam. 
 
 A tree ? or shrub. Leaves 6 by 24 in., base 5-nerved ; petiole ^ i"-? pilose. Stipules 
 nearly equalling the petiole. Cymes terminal, half the length of the leaves, pedicels 
 nisty-floccose. ^rac^s divided. jBmc?s subglobose or turbinate. Sepals ohloxxf;;. Petals 
 entire, much shorter than the sepals. Fruiting-pedicels recurved. Drupe the size of 
 a large pea, pilose ; stones 1-celled. ^.*-y^ cj^-^s a. h.*^ ^v*-? /^ (- ■f>^x4^ A- 
 
 In addition to the above species, Beddome mentions a G. umhellifera, Bedd., from 
 South Canara, with the following imperfect description : " Leaves oblong-ovate, very 
 suddenly pointed asperous, heads of flowers on long stalks axillary or supra-axillary." 
 The same author describes in Linn. Trans, xxv. 210, a species which he calls G. acu- 
 minata (not of Juss.), hut of which I have seen no specimen. It is described as a 
 "fmall tree with glabrous shoots; leaves 4-6 by 2 in. oblong acuminate entire, 
 petiole { in., stipules small subulate ; peduncles very short lateral or axillary 2-5- 
 flowered bracteolate ; sepals covered with ash-coloured pubescence." 
 
 7. COZ.UBIBXA, Pers. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, usually oblique. Flowers clustered, 
 clusters in terminal panicles. Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, glandular at the 
 base. Stamens indefinite, free, springing from a raised torus. Ovary 
 3-5-celled, cells 2-4-ovuled ; style subulate, entire. Capsule roundish 3-5- 
 winged, 3-5-coccous, cocci indehiscent 1-seeded, /S'eeti albuminous ; cotyle- 
 dons flat. — Distrib. A genus of about 5 species, natives of Tropical Asia, 
 
 1. C. floribunda, Wall, in Voight Cat. Hort. Calc. 128 ; leaves scabrous 
 above puberulous beneath oblong acute spinuloso-denticulate base cordate. 
 J{urz m Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 63. Glossospermum ? quinque-alatuui, 
 Wall. Cat. 1154 and 7641. 
 
 Birma, at Taong Dong, Wallich ; Ava, Martaban, Kurz. 
 
 A shrub ; younger portions scabrid, stellate-hairy. Leaves 5 by 3 in., 3-7-nerved, 
 petiole 1 in., floccose-tomentose. Flowers small. Sepals ^ in., oblong, hoary ex- 
 ternally. Petals oblong-spathulate, as long as or longer than the sepals. /SY?/Ze stellate- 
 hairy. Fruit |-1 in. diam., S-winged, stellate-hairy, separating when ripe into 3-5 
 indebisceat l-seeded cocci. 
 
894 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Colwmbia. 
 
 2. C. znergruensis, Planch, ms. ; leaves lanceolate acuminate serrate 
 1-3-nerved scabrous above puberulous beneath. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 Leaves 6-8 by 2 in, ; petiole \ in. Fruit \\ in. diara., downy, 3-winged. — Imper- 
 fect specimens only seen. 
 
 8. EaZNOCAZlPUS, Nimmo. 
 
 A tree. Z^awslong-petioled, roiindibh-cordate, toothed, 5-7-nerved, some- 
 times 3-lobed. Flowers large, yellow, in lar^e terminal panicles. JSfjxnh 6, 
 distinct. Petals 5, clawed. iStaiyiens numerous, springing from a raised 
 torus, free, or slightly united at tlie base. Ovary 3-colled, cells 2-ovuled ; 
 style filiform, stigma minute. Fruit indehiscent, woody, triangular, 
 3-winged, spiny, 1 -celled by abortion. Seed solitary, pendulous, albumen 
 fleshy ; cotyledons ovate, flat.— The only species 
 
 1. S. Nimmoanus, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 21 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. 
 t. 110 ; Dalz. tL- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27.- 
 
 Western Peninsula ; the Concan and Dekkan, Stocks, &c. 
 
 Leaves 4 by 44 in., glabrous ; petiole 1-4 in. Stipules caducous. Bracts 6-8 in., 
 ton)iintose, ovate- obloDg, Flowerhvds oblong. Flower | in. diam. Fruit 2 by 
 1^ in. 
 
 9. TRZUBIFZSTTA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or undershnibs, generally more or less covered with stellate hairs. 
 Leaves serrate, simple or lobed. Flowers yellowish, in dense cymes. Sepals 
 5, (tblong, concave. Petals 5. Stamens 5-35, springing from a fleshy, lobed, 
 glandular torus. Ovary 2-5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma 
 5-toothed. Caj^stde globose or oblong, spiny or bristly, indehiscent or 3-6- 
 valved. Seeds 1-2 in each cell, penduhnis, albuminous ; embryo straight, 
 cotyledons flat. — Distrib. A genus of about 40 very variable species, mostly 
 trojiical weeds. 
 
 * Fruit globose rarely ovoid. 
 
 1. T. toxnentosa, }h>j r in Ann. Sr. Xaf. ser. ii. xx. 103 ; herbaceous or 
 suffrulico.-^u niure or less downy, leaves variable, fruit globose covered with 
 straight spines. Mast, in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afr. i. 258. T. ovata, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 5D71. T. pilosa, WaU. Cat. 1080. T. pilosa. var. a, Thwaites Fnvm. 
 31. T. vestita, Wall. Cat. 1078, 1, 2. T. indica, llarn. in WaU. Cat. 237, 
 1078 IT; W. d' A. Prodr. I 74 T. oblonga. Wall, in Dm Prodr. 227. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; Silhctt, WaVich ; Simla, Govnn; Assam, Griffith; Ceylon. — 
 DisTKin. Mauritius, Madagascar, Eiist Tropical Africa, West Indies? 
 
 Stem hispid. Leaves 4 by 8 in., thinly stellate-hairy above, pubescent beneath, 
 ovate, acuminate, sometimes lobed, crenulate, base rounded, 5-7-nerved, upper obliquely 
 lanceolate, serrate, 3-nerved ; petiole about 2 in. Stipules lanceolate. Flowers ycWow, 
 in interrupted spikes. >Sie/?a?« apiculate, densely stellate-hairy. Stamens 5-7. Fruit 
 the size ot a large pea, hispid, spines ciliate along the lower edge, glabrous along the 
 upper, with a straight transparent bristle-point. — It is not quite certain that the African 
 and Indian plants are specifically identical. Perhaps only a woolly state of T. jnlosa. 
 
 2. T. pilosa, Poth Nf/v. Sp. 223; herbaceous, bristly, bristles bulbous at 
 the base, lower leaves lobed upper ovate or ovate-lanceolate unequally 
 toothed, fruit globose tomentose covered with long hooked spines which 
 are glabrous along the upper hispid along the lower edge. W. <t A. Prodr. 
 i 74. T. pilosa, var. /3, Thwaites Enum. 31 ; Dalz. <jc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25. 
 
Trinmfetta.] xxviii. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 395 
 
 T. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 1078 C. T. glandulosa, Heyne Jierh. ; Wall. Cat. 
 1077, 5. T. polycarpa, Wall Cat. 1079. T. oblongata, Link. Enum. PL 
 Hort. Ber. ii. 5 ; Wall. Cat. 1077, 1, 2, 3. 
 
 Throughout Tropical India, from Nipal and Kumaon to Ava and Malacca, Tra- 
 VANOOR, and Ceylon. — Djstrib. Abyssinia, West Tropical Africa. 
 
 Upper leaves 3^-4 by 21 in., lower 3-lobed, stellate-hairy on both sides; petiole 
 I in., villous. Stipules subulate-aristate, shorter than the petiole. Peduncles shorter 
 than the petiole. Flowers | in., yellow. Sepals linear, apiculate. Petals oblong- 
 spathulate, scarcely shorter than the sepals, ciliate at the base. Stamens about 10. 
 Fruit (including the spines) about the size of a cherry, 4-celled, 8-seeded. 
 
 3. T. g'ld'bra, Herh. Miss.; W. (k A. Prodr. i. 75 ; suflfmticose stem 
 pubescent, leaves subcordate 3-lobed 7-nerved, fruit globose covered with 
 hooked spines ciliated for nearly their whole length. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Canara, at Baiticalo, Bottler. 
 
 Leaves 24 by 2 in., glabrous, lobes coarsely and irregularly toot?ied," slightly cuspidate. 
 Flowers in terminal leafless clusters. Sepals apiculate. Petals oblong, glabrous at 
 the base. Stamens 30-8.5 (W. & A.), filament.s glabrous. Fruit slightly hairy. — 
 DilT-rs fijiii T. snndtriloha in the number of stamens and in the larger fruit. 
 
 4. Ti rhoiaboidea, Jacq. ; DC. Prodr. i. 507 ; glabrous or pubescent, 
 leaves poi;. murphous, fruit small globose or ovoid pubescent and with 
 hooked spines. T. angulata, Lam. Diet. iii. 41 ; Wight Ic. t. 320 ; W.& A. 
 Prodr. i 74; Thwaites Enum. 31; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 25; Wall. 
 Cat. 1075, 2, C ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. pt. i. 197. T. angulata, /3. acuminata. 
 Wall. Cat. 1075 ^. T. Bartramia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 463 ; Wall. Cat. 1075, 
 D, E. T. trilocularis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 462; Wall. Cal. 1083. T. vestita, 
 Wall. Cat. 1078, in part. 
 
 Throughout tropical and subtropical India and Ceylon, ascending to 4000 ft. in the 
 Himalaya. — Distrib. Malay Islands, China, Tropical Africa. 
 
 Herbaceous or sufFruticose. Leaves ovate rhomboid or cordate, 3-7-nerved, apex 
 acute or somewhat 3-lobed, serrate, variable in amount and quality of pubescence. 
 Flowers \ in., yellow, in dense cymes. Pedicels short. Flowgr-buds obloni;, club- 
 8haped, apiculate. Sepals oblong, apiculate. Petals oblong, ciliate at the base. Stamens 
 8-15. Capsule the size of a small pea, albido-tom^entose between the spines, spines 
 hooked, glabrous or ciliated. — Some of the forms of this protean species are superficially 
 so dilFerent that they may be mistaken for distinct speciesr^^-^n examination, however, 
 of large suites of specimens from various localities, it will be found that the forms 
 merge one into the other. The same variability occurs in Tropical Africa and else- 
 where — see Flora of Trop. Afr. i. 257. 
 
 5. T. rotundifolia, Lam. Diet. iii. 421 ; leaves suborbiculate gla- 
 brescent above touientose beneath, flowers in interrupted racemes, fruit 
 globose pubescent, spines conical subulate hooked pubescent. W. <& A. 
 Prodr. I 75; Rot/i Nov. aS>. 222 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1076 B, C, D, E; 3fiq. Fl. 
 Ind. Bat. I pt. 2, 196 ; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25. T. suborbiculata, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 506. T. orbiculata, Koenig in Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36. T. bilocularis, 
 Wall. Cat. 1081. 
 
 Western Peninsula and Central India, from Bandelkhand, Edgeworth, to Maisor, 
 Pegu, Wallich. 
 
 SufFruticose, roughish. Leaves \\ in., coriaceous, unequally serrate, lower serratures 
 thickened, rugose and glabrescent above, cream-coloured and pubescent beneath ; 
 petiole 4 >"• Sepals apiculate, albido-tomentose. Petals oblong, ciliate at the base. 
 Stamens 15-25. Frmit globose, the size of a pea, pubescent, spines dilated at the 
 base. — Possibly only a form of T. rhomhoidea, but having larger fruits and the spines 
 wider at the base. 
 
396 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Triumfetta, 
 
 6. T. semltriloba, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. l 507 ; herbaceous or suffrutes- 
 ceiit, pubeaceiit villous or glabrescent, leaves variable, fruit globose prickly, 
 prickles hooked shaggy or ciliated scarcely dilated at the base. Wall. Cat, 
 1075, partly. \ 
 
 Tenassekim ; at Tavoy, Gomez. — Distrib. A tropical weed. 
 
 Stem hispidulous. Leaves cordate-ovate, 8ub-3-lobed, coarsely and irregularly 
 toothed, 5-7-iierved, downy, upper leaves smaller ovate-lanceolate ; petioles 2-4 in. 
 Flowers in clusters along the sides of the branches. Buds oblong. Sepals apiculate. 
 Petals ciliate at the base. Stamens 10-15. Fruit the size of a large pea, 4-6-valved, 
 bjirbed. — A variable plant as to pubescence and form of leaf, and closely allied to 
 T. rhomhoidea, but differs in its larger fruit with bristly or shaggy spines. 
 
 7. T. annua, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i 507 : annual, nearly glabrous, leaves 
 ovate acuminate toothed, fruit glabrous globose covered with long hooked 
 8i)ines. Miq. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 196. T. polycarpa, Wall. Cat. 1079, 
 jKirtly. T. trichoclada, Link, ex DC. Prodr. i. 607; Wall. Cat. 1082. 
 T. indica. Lam. Diet. iii. 420 ? 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, from Simla to Sikkim ; the Khasia Mts., Assam, Concan, 
 AvA, and Andaman Islands — Distkib. Malay Archipelago, Tropical Africa. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., with a line of hairs along one side, shifting at each joint. Leaves A-o 
 by 2-4 in. ; petiole long. Stipules subulate. Peduncles 4 in., extra-axillary, 3-ttowered. 
 Flowers about ^ in. PetaU orange, nearly as long as the apiculate sepals. Stamens 
 10. Fruit the size of a large pea, glaucous, 4-celled ; spines glabrous. 
 
 8. T. cana, Blume Bijdr. i. 116; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate 
 acuminate slightly cordate unequallv toothed thinly stellate-hairy above 
 densely beneath, peduncles extra-axillary, sepals tomentose, fruit globose, 
 spines straight ciliated. 
 
 Tiie Khasia Mrs. and Chittagong, Hook. & T/toms.; Assam, Sincapore, G. Thomson 
 — Distrib. Java, Hongkong. 
 
 Stem hispid. Leaves 2 by f in. ; petiole 1 in. Flowers scarcely ^ in. Stamens 
 10-12. Fruit the size of a small pea; prickles hispid, with a slender transparent 
 straight point. 
 
 ** Fruit oblong. 
 
 9. T. neg-leota, W. <6 A. Prodr. i. 75; annual, leaves roundish, 
 stamens 5-10, fruit oblong indehiscent covered with hooked spines ciliated 
 on the upper edge. Mast, in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afr. i. 255. T. pentandra. 
 Giidl. & Peiir, Fl. Seneg. i. 93, t, 19 ; Ham. in Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1075 F. 
 T. pilosul ', lliwaites Enam. 401. 
 
 North We.stern India, Boyle; Western Peninsula ; Ceylon, at Trincomalee. — 
 Distrib. Abyssinia, Senegal. 
 
 Slightly hairy, branched. Leaves subcordate, acuminate or slightly 3-lobed, serrate, 
 hairy on both surfaces, especially beneath, upper lanceolate. Flowers small, ^V '^-j in 
 lateral extra-axillary clusters. Sepals linear. Petals oblong, obtuse, glabrous below. 
 
 Wight and Amott, in Prodr. i. 75, describe as T, f miarophjlla, a Peninsular plant 
 known only in a malformed condition. Stems herbaceous, erect, branched, glabrous ; 
 haves oblong-lanceolate, not lubed, sharply serrate, glabrous; jjeduucles bearing 1-3 
 flowers, opposite ? to the leaves ; stamens 5-8. — It is perhaps a state of T. pilosa eaten 
 down by the cattle or goats. 
 
 10. COaCZZOXlUS, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs, more or less covered with stellate pubescence. 
 Leaves simple. Peduncles axillary or opposite to the leaves, 1-2-flowered, 
 
Corchorus.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 397 
 
 Flowers small, yellow. Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, glandless. Stamens free, 
 indefinite or rarely twice the number of the petals, springing from a short 
 torus. Ovary 2-6-celled, style short, stigma cup-shaped. Capsule elon- 
 gated, slender or subglobose, smooth or prickly, loculicidally 2-5-valved, 
 sometimes with transverse partitions. Seeds numerous, albuminous, pen- 
 dulous or horizontal ; embryo curved. — Distrib. A genus of about 35 
 species, for the most part widely dispersed throughout the tropics. 
 
 * Capsule globose, not beaked. /rif^aXi •*■ a-^t^/-^*^ 
 
 1. C. capsularis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 505 ; annual, capsules oblate sub- 
 globose 5-celled. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 581 ; If. (^ A. Prodr. i. 73; Wall 
 Cat. 1071 ; 1071, B, C ; Wight Id. 311 ; Thwaites Enum. 31 ; Dalz. & Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 25 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 194. C. Marua, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 
 mil.—Iiumph. Amb. v. t. 78, f. 1. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India ; cultivated in most tropical countries. 
 
 Leaves 2-4 by f-1 in., glabrescent, oblong, acuminate, coarsely toothed, base gene- 
 rally prolonged into tail-like appendages ; petiole 1^ in. Stipules \~\ in. Capsule 
 wrinkled, muricate, 5-valved, valves without transverse septa. Sends tew in each cell. 
 — Yields the fibre known as Jute. 
 
 ** Capsule elongated, beak entire. 
 
 2. C. olitorius, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 504 ; annual, capsule elongate gla- 
 brous 3-6-valved, valves with transverse partitions between the seeds, beak 
 long erect. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 581 ; W. <t A. Prodr. i. 73 ; Wall. Cat. 1072 ; 
 1, 2, 3, 4, D, E, F ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 845 ; Dalz. (£• G.ibs. Bomb. Fl. 25 ; 
 Miq. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 195 ; Thwaites Enum. 31. C. decemangularis, 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 582 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1072 G. 
 
 Indigenous in many parts of India. — Generally distributed by cultivation in all tropical 
 countries 
 
 Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., nearly glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, serrate, the 
 two lower serratures prolonged into long sharp points ; petiole 1-2 in., pilose. Stipules 
 shorter than the petiole. Peduncles 1-3-flowered ; shorter than the petiole. Sepals 
 . shortly pointed. Petals yellow, spathulate. longer than the sepals. Capsule 2 in., 
 cylindric, lO-ribbed. — Cultivated as a potherb, or for its fibre (Jute). The plant varies 
 in statnre, hairiness, &c. Arnott (in herb.) corrects an error into which he had fallen 
 in the measurement of the pod, in the Prodromus, and which, as corrected, should read — 
 "pods 10-12 times longer than broad." 
 
 3. C. trilocularis, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 60^; annual, capsule elongate 
 3- angled scabrous or aculeate, beak short erect, valves with transverse 
 partitions. W. &. A. Prodr. i. 72; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 582; Wall. Cat. 
 1070 B; Wight in Wall. Cat. 1070 C ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25. 
 
 SiNDH, Stocks; North-west Provinces, from Amballa to the Panjab ; Nilghirris 
 Mts. — DiSTKiB. AfTghanistan, Tropical Africa. 
 
 Leaves 1-4 by 1 in. elliptic-oblong or oblong lanceolate, crenato-serrate with or 
 without basal lobes ; petiole very short, pilose. Peduncles 1-3-flowered, very short, 
 opposite the leaves. Capstde 2-3 in., straiijht or curved, 3-4-angled, 3-4-valved, valves 
 scabrous. — Of this species Wight and Arnott, I.e., make three varieties: a, leaves ovate 
 oblong, capsules in pairs, 3-angled; /3, leaves ovate-oblong, capsules solitary 4-angled ; 
 y, leaves oblong-lanceolate capsules in pairs 3-angled. To the latter belongs Wallich's 
 1070 B. It would appear, however, that these are mere individual variations. 
 
 4. C. urtlcaefolius, W. d' A. Prodr. i. 73 ; annual, capsules terete or 
 slightly 3-aDgled not exceeding one inch pilose beaked, beak erect entire, 
 valves with transverse internal partitions. Thwaites Enum. 31. C. olitorius. 
 
398 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Corchorv3. 
 
 Wall. Cat. 1072 F, }Mrthj. C. subscandens, Wall. Cat. 1074. C. sestuans, 
 Hb. Madr. ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1074. 
 
 Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula, Wight; Ava, Wallich; Ceylon, 
 Trincomalee, Thwaites. — Distkib. Abyssinia. 
 
 Leaves 2-3 by 1-lf in., thinly pilose, cordate, sometimes oblique, ovate acuminate, 
 dentate (almost precisely as in Urtica dloica). Fedumlea extra-axillary, 2-3-flowered. 
 Capsule 1 in., bent downwards, hairy. — Closely allied to C. trUocularis but with a much 
 shorter pod. 
 
 5. C. fasclcularis, Lain.; DC: Prodr. i. 505 ; annual, capsule short sub- 
 cylindric puberulous shortly beaked, valves nearly destitute of internal 
 partitions. Moxh. Fl. lud. ii. 582; Thivaites En am. 401; Dalz. d: Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 24 ; Wall. Cat. 6312. C. linearis, Wall. Cai. 1070, partl.y. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India from Banda, Fdfjeuorth, to Bengal, the 
 Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropical Australia and Africa. 
 
 Leaves 1-2 by \-^ in., oblong lanceolate, serrated; petioles very short pilose. 
 Peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-5 -flowered. iSepals -^-^ in. JStamens 5-10. Capsule 
 ^\ in., 3 or 4 together, each 3-4-valved, valves downy. 
 
 6. C. Antichorus, Rceusch. Nomend. But. ed. iii. 158 ; woody, perennial, 
 much branched, branches prostrate, capsule cylinrlric elongate beaked. 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 84(5; M(ut. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. \. 263. Antichorus 
 deprcssus, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 504. Corchorus huniilis, Munro Hort. 
 Agrens. Appendix 35; Wight Ic. 1073; Dalz. d- Gils. Bomb. Fl. 25. 
 
 North Western India from Sindh, Stocks, and the Punjab, F?Van/, to Acjra, Munro. 
 "Western Peninsula, in Kattywar, Guzerat and the Deccan. — Distrib. Affghauistan, 
 Aden, Tropical Africa, Cape de Verde Isles. 
 
 Branches tortuous, imbricate, 6-7 in. Leaves \-\ by ^ in., shortly petioled, roundish, 
 plicate, crenate-serrate, base 3-nerved. Peduncles short, stout, opposite the leaves. 
 Capsules 4-1 \ in., straight or curved, 4-valved. 
 
 *** Capmle elongated, beak 3-fid spreading. 
 
 7. C. tridens, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 505; annual, capsule elongate cylin- 
 dric terminated by 3 spreading points, valves without partitions. W. db A. 
 Prodr. i. 73 ; Thwaites Emim. 401 ; Wall. Cat. 1073 ; BoUs. Fl. Orient, i. 
 845. C. Burinanni, DC. Prodr. i. 505. C. linearis, Wall. Cat. 1070. 
 C. trilocularis, Burin. Fl. Ind. t.' 37, f. 2. 
 
 Generally distributed. — Distrib. Australia and Africa. 
 
 "Variable as to habit, pubi'scence and form of leaf Ltaves 1-3 by ^-1 in., linear- 
 oblong or lanceolate; petiole j^-^ in. Peduncles 1-4-flowered. Capsule 1-2 in — Of 
 this speciesW ight and Arnott recoinise three forms, viz. : — a, leaves lanceolate acumin- 
 ate, \\'all. Cat. 1073. fS, leaves linear obhmg or linear-lanceolate, C. Bunnannii DC. 
 C. Uncariji, Wall. Cat. 1070, C. y, leaves oblong or obovate cuueate at the base. — 
 The three forms merge one into the other. 
 
 8. C. acutangfulus, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. i. 505 ; annual, capsules elon- 
 gate 6-angled 3 of tiie angles winged, beak 3-fid divisions spreading hori- 
 zontally, valves with or without partitions. W. ci- A. Prodr. i. 7'S ; Wall. 
 Cat. 1069, 1074 D, E; Wight. Ic. t. 739; Thwaites Fnum. 31; Dalz. d- 
 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 194. C. ^stuans ? Ham. 
 in Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1074 C. C. fuscus, Boxb. Ilort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 
 582 ; Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1069. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India and Ceylon. — Distrib. Australia, Tropical 
 A rica. West Indies. 
 
 Leaves 1-3 by |-1 it)., more or less hairy, ovate and acute, or oblong and acuminate, 
 serrate, with or without basal lobes ; petiole \ iu., hairy. /Stipules linear-subulate, 
 
Corcliorus.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 399 
 
 much shorter than the petiole. Peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-3-flowered. Capsule 
 1-1 4 in. — Wight and Arnott describe the septa between the seeds as nearly obsolete, 
 but they are frequently well marked. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 C. PUMiLUS, Hum. in Wall. Cat. 6310 (a plant cultivated in the Calcutta Garden), 
 is too imperfect to be determined. It is probably a depauperated form of some common 
 species. 
 
 11. PZ.AGZOPTERON, Griff. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Leaves opposite and alternate, pubescent, entire. 
 Flowers numerous, in peduncled panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5, retlcxed. 
 Stamens numerous ; filaments clavate ; anthers 2-ceiled, cells divergent at 
 the base. Ovary 3-celled ; styles consolidated, subulate ; ovules 2 in each 
 cell, collateral Fruit subturbinate, woody, 3-celled, 3-winged at the 
 summit.— DiSTRiB. A solitary species. 
 
 1. P. fragrans, Griff, in Gale. Joam. Nat. Hist. iv. 244, t. 13. 
 
 Tenasseuim, at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 Stellate-pubescent. Leaves 4 by 2 in., ovate-oblons:, cuspidate; petiole \ in. 
 Flowers small, fragrant. Petals 3-4 times longer than the sepals. Stamens longer 
 than the petals, filaments capillary. Ovary pilose. Frait i\ in. diam. — Griffith, 
 who describes this plant from specimens growing in the Calcutta Garden, says that it 
 is supposed to come from Silhet ; but I fiud specimens in his own Herbarium gathered 
 hy himself in Mergui, probably at a subsequent date, 
 
 12. ECKINOCARPUS, Blume. 
 
 Trees. Leaves simple, arcli-veined. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, soli- 
 tary or tufted. Sepals 4, imbricate. Petals 4, gashed. Stamens numerous, 
 free, springing from a thick disk ; anthers linear, openins: by a terminal pore. 
 Ovary 3-4-celled ; cells many-ovuled ; style subulate. Cajmde coriaceous or 
 woody, prickly or setose, 3-4- or" by abortion, 1-celled. Seeds solitary few 
 or many, pendulous, ovoid, testa bony shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons 
 broad, flat,— Distrib, One species is Australian, another Javan, the re- 
 mainder are Indian. 
 
 1. E. Murex, Benth. in Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii, p. 71 ; leaves 
 oblong or sublanceolate acuminate glabrous on both surfaces, spines of the 
 fruit dilated at the base. 
 
 •"Khasia Mts. ; alt. 3-5000 ft , Hk. f. & T. 
 
 Glabrous except the peduncles. Leaves 3-4 by l\ in. ; petiole 1 in. Peduncle 1 in. 
 Floioers not seen, Capsvle 1-1 ^ in., ovoid, woody, 4-5-valved, valves downy, covered 
 with long straight subulate spines. — Kurz (Journ. As, Soc. Beng, 1870, ii. 67), identi- 
 fies^. Murex with Blume's E. Sigun, but in the absence of authentic specimens of the 
 latter I hesitate to adopt his view seeing how far apart the Kha>,ia Mountains and Java 
 are, and that the species has been found in no intermediate station. Clos, moreover, 
 describes F. Sigun as differing both in the foliage and spines of the capsules. 
 
 2. E< assamicus, Benth. I.e. 72 ; leaves elliptic-oblong abruptly acu- 
 minate, glabrous above thinly pubescent beneath, spines of the fruit 
 subulate. 
 
 Upper Assam, Griffith. 
 
 A medium-sized tree. Leaves 9 hy 4 in. ; petiole 2-3 in. Peduncles puberulous. 
 Ovary ovoid, bristly ; style subulate. Fruit pendulous, 2 iu. diam., globose, studded 
 with long slender spines. / 
 
400 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) {Echinocarpus. 
 
 3. £. stercullaceus, Benth. Inc. cit. 72 ; leaves ovate or obovate cuspi- 
 date downy beneath, spines of the fruit subulate. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, at 2000 ft., Hk.f. ^ 
 
 A tree. Bark smooth. Leaves 8-10 by 4 in., base rounded or subcordate, minutely 
 
 serrulate ; petiole 2 in. Peduncles tomentose, 1-1 ^ in. Fruit globose, densely covered 
 
 with very long subulate spines. 
 
 4. E. tomentosus, Benth.loc. cit. 72; leaves elliptic tomentose beneath, 
 capsule covered with short bristles, 
 
 Ea-stern Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt, 2-4000 ft,, Hk.f. 
 
 A lolty tree, younger portions tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, acumi- 
 nate, serrated, base rounded ; petiole If in., downv, tliickencd at the apex. Peduncles 
 1^-2 in., tomentose, thickened at the apex. Fiowera 4 in. diam. Sepals 6, ovutQ, 
 pointed. Petals oblong, concave, 4-5-toothed at the apex. Anthers linear, apiculate, 
 filaments pilose. Capsule \.\ in., ovoid, woody, 4-5-valved, valves densely covered with 
 short fine bristles. 
 
 5. E. dasyoarpus, Benth. loc. cit. 72; leaves oblong or oblanceolate 
 entire or serrulate glabrous on both surfaces, petals longer than the calyx, 
 fruit covered with short dense ultimately deciduous spines. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 4-6000 ft., Hk.f. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 3 in., coriaceous, shortly acunn'natc, base tapering ; petiole 
 1 in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles 1^-2 in., axillary or aggregated at the end of 
 the brancht'S. Flowers nearly 1 in, diam, Receptade cushion-shaped, pitted. Sepals 
 oval or orbicular. Petals broad, lobed. Anthers oblong, apiculate. Ovary 4-celled, 
 stylo longer than the ovary. Capsvle 1 in., subglobose, 4-5-valved, valves woody. 
 Seeds 4 by I in., oval, black, smootn.— Variable in foliage and size of flower. 
 
 13. EXiSIO CARPUS, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves simple. F/owers usually hermaj)hrodite, rarely polygamous, 
 in axiUary racemes. S^jkiIs 5, distinct. Petals 5, usually laciniate at the 
 apex, rarely entire, springing from the outside of a cusliion-shaped, often 
 5-lobed torus. Stamens usually indefinite, never less than 10, arising from 
 the inside of the torus, and more or less agcjregated into groups o])posite the 
 petals and alternating with the glands of the torus ; anthers innate, linear, 
 oi)ening by a terminal pore. Ovary sessile, 2-5-celled, cells 2-many-ovuled ; 
 style columnar. Drupe with a single bony stone which is 3-5 or by abortion 
 1-celled. Seeds peiubdous, 1 in each cell, albumen fleshy; cotyledons flat. — 
 DiSTRiB. About 50 species, most abundant in the hotter parts of India and 
 the Indian archi]>e]ago. A few species are found in some of the South Sea 
 islands. New Zealand, and Australia. 
 
 Sect. I. Ganitrus. Ovary and drupe 5-celled. 
 
 1. S. Ganitrus, lioxh. Hort. Benrj. 42; FL Tnd. ii. 592; leaves glabres- 
 cent elliptic acute, stamens many anthers bearded, drupe globose. Wall. Cat. 
 2(560 A ^0 D ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27. Ganitrus sphaerica, G(jertn. Fruct. ii. 
 271, t. 139 ; Wight Ic. I 66. — Rumph. Amb. iii. t. 101. 
 
 Native of various parts of India, Roximrgh; Nipal, and Chittaoong, Wallich; 
 Malacca, Coscan, on the higher Ghats, Dalz. & Gibs. — Djstrib. Malay Archipelago, 
 Roxburgh. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in., serrulate ; petiole ^-f in. Stipules minute, subulate, 
 caducous. Racemes from the old wood, drooping, shorter than the leaves. Flower- 
 buds ovoid-conical, elongate. Flowers 4 in. diam., white. Sepals lanceolate, acumi- 
 nate, glabrescent, internally 1 -ribbed. Petals glabrescent, oblong, laciniate halfway 
 
Mceocarpus.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 401 
 
 down. Stamem 35-40. Ovary spherical, albido-pilose ; style longer than the sta- 
 mens. Drupe the size of a cherry, globose, purple ; stone tubercled, grooved, 5-celled, 
 6-seeded, 
 
 2. E. parvifollus, Wall. Cat. 684 and 2662 A, B; leaves glabrous 
 elliptic acute at both ends minutely serrulate, stamens 15-20, anthers beard- 
 less, drupe oblong. G. Mull. Anot. defam. Elceocarp. 24. 
 
 Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith, &c. ; Penang, Jack ; Singapore. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 A small tree. Young shoots silky. Leaves 3-34 by 1 in. ; petiole ^-f in. Pedicels 
 and calyx villosulous. Flowers about ^ in. diara. Glands large, 2-lobed, opposite the 
 sepals. Stamens in pairs between each gland, opposite the petals, and singly opposite 
 the glands and sepals. Ovary 5-celled, cells opposite the petals. Drupe | in. and up- 
 wards, olive-shaped ; stone 5-celled. — In one of Wallich's specimens the drupe is globose. 
 
 3. E. nitidus, Jack Mai. Misc.; ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 84; leaves 
 ovate-lanceolate serrate, stamens 15, anthers beardless, drupe globose. 
 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 208 ; Wall. Cat. 2670. 
 
 Malacca and Penang, Jack, &c. — Uistkib. Java. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2-24 in., base tapering; glabrous, petiole 1-| in. Flowers 
 \ in, diara. Sepals linear, acute, thinly pilose. Stamens 15, 10 in pairs between the 
 glands. Drupe globose; stone rugose, 5-celled, one cell only usually fertile. — Like E. ro- 
 bustus, but differing in the anthers and fruit. 
 
 Sect. II. Dicera. Flowers bisexual. Anthers not, or scarcely prolonged 
 at the apex (see also E. prunifolius and E. pedunculatus). Drupe 1-3-celled. 
 
 * Anthers mually bearded, sometimes not {see E. robustus and E. lanceae- 
 folius). 
 
 4. E. serratus, L. ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 82, not of Eoxb. ; leaves elliptic 
 obtuse or acuminate crenate-serrate, stamens 20-35, anther-valves sparingly 
 bearded, drupe oblong, stone tubercled 1-celled 1-seeded. Wall. Cat. 2666 
 B, F, K, L ; Thwaites Enum. 32 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 208. E. Pirincara, 
 Wall. Cat. 2664 partly, not of DC. E. integrifolius. Lam. III. t. 459; DC 
 Prodr. I 519. ? E. lacunosus, Wall. Cat. 6858, 9026. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya ; Sikkira, 2-3000 ft., Hk.f., Nipal, WaUich; Eastern Bengal, 
 and the Eastern and Western Peninsulas. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 2^ in., glabrous, base tapering; petiole 1 J in. Racemes 
 scarcely so long as the leaves, ascending. Flower-buds ovoid-conical. Flowers \ in. 
 diara. Sepals ovate, speckled, glabrous. Petals laciniate halfway down, ciliate at the 
 edges. Ovary villous, 3-celled. Drupe the size and forra of a small olive, edible; stone 
 oblong, pointed, tubercled, pitted, 1-celled. — In Laraarck's integrifolius the leaves are 
 nearly entire. The plant called E. serratus in Koxburgh's unpublished drawings ap- 
 parently belongs to this species, having a I -celled stone, while the species so called in 
 Roxburgh's Fl. Ind. ii. 596, is described as 3-celled. I have referred E. lacunosus, 
 Wall., both to this species and to E. cuneatus with doubt. The specimens have leaves 
 and fruit only, and are insufficient to determine to which species (if either) they really 
 belong. 
 
 5. E. floribundus, Blume Bijdr. 120; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate 
 crenate-serrate base acute, peduncles spreading, stamens about 20, anthers 
 bearded, drupe ovoid 1-celled 1-seeded. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 210. 
 E. grossa, Wall. Cat. 2661. E. serratus, Roxb. ex Wall. Cat. 2666 A, B, paHly. 
 E. oblongus, WaU. Cat 2677 ; C Mull. Anot. de fam. Eloeocarp. 19, f. 30. 
 E. Lobbianus, Turcz. in Mosc. Bull. 1858, 235. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; Khasia Mts., alt, 3-4000 ft., and Chittagong; Assam, Grijffith; 
 Tks^sbbkim, Heifer; Singapore; Birma, Kurz. — Distrib, Java. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4 by 2^ in, and upwards, coriaceous, glabrous, acute at both ends, 
 VOL. I. D D 
 
402 XXVIII. TiLiACE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elceocar-pits. 
 
 venation obscure ; petiole If in., thickened at the top. Flower \ in. diam. Pedicels 
 pilose. /Sepals deltoid-lanceolate. Petals cuneate, cut halfway down, lobes I'ringed. 
 Ovary 3-celled. Stone pitted. 
 
 6. S. robustus, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii 597 ; leaves ovate- 
 oblong acuminate serrate, flower-buds oblong-ovoid, stamens 50, anthers 
 bearded rarely beardless, drupe ovoid 3-celled 1-seeded. Wicfht Id. G4; 
 ? Wall. Cat. 2664 A. E. ovalifolius, Wall. Cat. 2665 ; C. Mull Aiiot. de Jam. 
 Eloeocarp. 21 E. amygdalinus. Wall. Cat. 6857. E. serratus, Wall. Cat. 
 2666 C. E. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 2677 ? (specimen imperfect). E. aristatus, 
 Wall. Cat. 2665 B. ? Wall. Cat. 9027 (a monstrous form, not in flower). 
 
 From the Kastern Himalaya, Sikkiin, alt. 2000 ft., and the Khasia Mts. to Chit- 
 TAGONG, Tenasserim, Malacca and Penano ; also in Canara and Ceylon. 
 
 A tree or shrub? Young shoots pubescent. Leaves 6-8 by 2^-3 in. and upwards, 
 
 flabrous; petiole 1-2 in. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Flower-hvda acute. 
 ^lowers \ in. diam. Anthers pubenilous. Ovary downy. Drupe 1-14 in., rind 
 hard crustaceous, yellow; stone furrowed deeply pitted. 
 
 7. £■ ouneatus, Wiffht III. i. p. 83 ; leaves cuneate-obovate acuminate, 
 stamens 30-40, anthers bearded, ovary 3-celled, drupe olive-shaped, stone 
 3-celled. ? E. serratu.'^, Roxh. Ilmt. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 296 ; Miq. in Herb. 
 Hohenack. ; Thivaites Eniim. 32. ? E. lacunosus, Wall. Cat. 6858, 9026. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim; Chittagono; Silhet; Birma and Tena8>»erim; 
 Western Peninsula, the Southern Provinces, Wight, Beddome ; Ceylon, Jhwaites. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 3 by 14 in, glalirou^, serrulate, petiole i-| in. Racemes 
 shorter than the leaves. Buds conical. Petals ppeckled (in dried specimens), gla- 
 brous, ciliolate. Anthers usually bearded or not, on the same specimen. Drupe the 
 size and form of an olive ; stone rugose, pitted, 3-celled. — The synonymy of this species 
 is open to doubt. 
 
 8. E. lanceaefolius, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 598 ; leaves 
 broad lanceolate serrulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, stamens 15, drupe 
 oblong-ovoid 1-celled. Wight Ic. i. 65. E. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 2667, jKirtly. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft. ; Bhotan, Oriffith; Khasu Mts., 
 alt. 4-5000 ft., SiLHET and Tenasserim, Wallich, Griffith, &c. ; Canara, Law. — 
 DisTRiB. Java. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 1 1-2 in., glabrou.s, base tapering ; petiole 4-1 in. Racemes nearly 
 as long as the leaves ; pedicels slender. Floicers about 4 in- diam. JSepaU glabrous, 
 lanceolate. Petals ciliate at the edgen, shorter than the sepals. Anthers sparingly 
 or not at all bearded. Ovary 3-celled, downy. Drupe the size of a pigeon's egg. 
 
 9. E. Kelferi, Kurz nu. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate crenate-serrate, flower- 
 buds ovoid obtuse, anthers bearded. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer ; Andamans, Kurz. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 8-10 by 3 in., glabrous, base rounded; petiole 1-1 4 in. Raceme 
 half the length of the leaves. /Toir^r* 4 in. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, downy. 
 Petals wedge-shaped, laciniate halfway down, ciliate at the edges. Ovary globose, 
 downy, 3-celled. — Apparently very nearly allied to E. robustus from which it differs in 
 the shorter petioles, smaller flowers and more broadly ovoid buds. 
 
 10. S. slkkimenBls, Mast.; leaves elliptic acuminate crenate-serrate, 
 serratures mucronulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, anthers bearded, drupe 
 ellipsoid. 
 
 Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, alt, 5000 ft., Hk.f.; Assam, Oriffith. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 8 by 3 in., glabrous ; petiole 2 in. thickened at the apex. Racemes 
 erect, half the length of the leaves; pedicels thinly pilose. Floicers about 4 in. diam. 
 Sepals lanceolate, pilose. Petals cuneate, slightly silky at the back. Disk villous. 
 
Maocarpus.] xxviii. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 403 
 
 Ovary 3-celled. Drupe 2 by 1 in., tubercled. — Differs from E. rohusfvs in the narrow 
 pointed flower-buds. It is open to doubt whether the fruit placed with it in the Kew 
 Herb, belongs to this species. 
 
 ** Anthers usually beardless. 
 
 11. E. leptostachya, Wall. Gat, 2672 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate 
 serrulate, peduncles erect, pedicels pilose, flower-buds rounded, anthers 
 beardless. C. MiUl. Anot. defam. Elceocarp. 23. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer ; Penang, Wallich. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., serrulate, base rounded; petiole 2-2| in,, thickened 
 at the apex. Peduncles half the letigth of the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam. SepaU 
 pubescent. Petals cuneate, ciliate, tip laciniate. Ovary villous, 3-celled. — Very like 
 JE. rohustus, but the anthers are not bearded. 
 
 12. E. lucldus, Roxb. Hort. £e?ig, 42; Fl. Ind, ii. 600; leaves glabrous 
 lanceolate serrate, racemes as long as the leaves, flower-buds ovoid-conical, 
 anthers beardless. 
 
 Chittagong; Roxburgh, Griffith. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 5 by 2 in., acute, serratures spiny, base rounded; petiole 1 in. 
 Raceme erect, many-flowered, scarcely so long as the leaves. Flowers f in. diam. 
 Sepals lanceolate. Petals laciniate halfway down. Anthers puberulous. Dish villous. 
 Fruit not seen. — Differs from E. robustus in the beardless anthers as well as in the 
 pointed buds and smaller flowers. 
 
 13. E. oblong-US, Gcertn. ; W. <k A. Prodr. 82 ; leaves glabrous 
 elliptic acute or acuminate serrate, stamens 30-40, anther-valves beardless 
 or bearded, drupe oblong, stone 1 -celled 1-seeded. Smith in Rees Cycl. ; 
 DC. Prodr. i. 519 ; Wight Ic. t. 46 ; Dalz. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27 ; Miq. Fl. 
 Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 208. E. glandulosus. Wall. Cat. 6859 ; E. adenophyllus. 
 Wall. Cat. 6860. E. Perim-Kara, DC. Prodr. i. 509 ; Wall. Cat. 2664 B, in 
 
 part. E. serratus, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2666. 1 E. angustifolius, Wight III. 
 p. 84. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Lobb; Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Tra- 
 vancor. — Distrib. Moluccas, Borneo. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-4 by l|-2 in., base wedge-shaped; petiole |-1 in., glandular at 
 the apex. Racemes from the axils of the fallen leaves. Flower-buds ovoid-conical. 
 Petals ciliolate. Drupe 1 in. — Wight and Arnott make two vars. of this species — one 
 var., a, with acute leaves and stout pedicels, the other var. /S, with marked acuminate 
 leaves and slender pedicels; the former has also larger flowers and more lanceolate .>^epals, 
 the latter lias smaller flowers and ovate acute sepals ; but the two forms seem to merge 
 one into the other. 1 he saccate glands seen on the under surface of the leaves in 
 this and other species are possibly the result of insect agency. 
 
 14. E. polystachyus, Wall. Cat. 2671 ; leaves elliptic-oblong serrulate 
 pubescent beneath, flower-buds subglobose, petals alinost entire at the 
 apex, stamens 40-50, anthers beardless, drupe 1 -celled. — C. Midi. Anot. de 
 fam. Elwocarp. 20, f. 13. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; shoots, petioles, peduncles, pedicels and sepals pubescent. Leaves 4-8 by 
 3-^ in., base rounded; petiole 24 in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles scarcely 
 exceeding the petioles, pedicels resupinate. Flowers \ in. diam. Petals oblong. 
 Stamens numerous. Gland's of disk obsolete. Ovary 2-celled. Drupe § in., glabrous, 
 crustaceous. 
 
 15. E. g^labrescens, Mast. ; leaves at first covered with ferruginous 
 down afterwards glabrescent lanceolate-acuminate, stamens 15-20, anthers 
 beardless, drupe globose 1-celled. 
 
 D D 2 
 
404 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elaocarpm. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree; herbaceous portions downy. Leaves 3 bj 1^ in., acute at both ends, gla- 
 brescent, or with a few hairs beneath; petiole 1^ in., with two glands at the apex. 
 Peduncle as long or longer than the petiole, pedicels ^ in., hairy. Flowers ^ in. diam. 
 Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals oblong. Anthers puberulous. Ovary 3-celled. Drupe 
 the size of a cherry ; stone 1-celIed, 1-seeded. 
 
 16. E. stlpularis, Blume Bijdr. 121 ; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate 
 serrulate pubescent beneath, stipules.ovate incised, drupe globose 1-celled. 
 
 From BiRMA, Wallich, to Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Borneo. 
 
 A tree, herbaceous portions pubescent. Leaves 6 by 2 in. ; petiole 1 in. Racemes 
 nearly as long as the leaves, pubescent, Flowhrs h in. diam. Buds ovoid. Sepals 
 lanceolate, silky-pubescent. Disk 5-lobed. Anthers bearded or beardless, 15-20. 
 Ovary downy, 5 celled. 
 
 17. B. amoenus, TJnvaites Emim. 32 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate acumi- 
 nate serrate, serratures aristulate, anthers beardless, drupe globose 1-celled. 
 Beddome Flor. ISylvat. t. 1 ITT 
 
 Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula, Beddome; Ceylon, Central pro- 
 vince, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 2-4 by f-2 in., glandular beneath ; petiole A-| in. Leaf-huds 
 pilose. Bacemes from the axils of the fallen leaves. Flower-bvds ovate-lanceolate. 
 Sepals lanceolate. Ovary 5-celled. Drupe the size of a large cherry ; stone 1-celled. 
 
 18. E. obovatus, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323 (1836); leaves 
 glabrous obovate, racemes longer than the leaves, anthers beardless, drupe 
 globose 1-celled. Thwaites Enum. 32. E. coriaceus, Hook. Ic. Fl. t. 154 ; 
 Wight III. i. 83 (1840). 
 
 Ceylon, Newera Ellia, alt. 6-8000 ft. 
 
 A shrub. Leaves 2J^-3 by lJ-2 in., coriaceous, obtuse, serrulate, sometimes glan- 
 dular, base cuneate ; petiole ^ in. Flowers f in. diam., drooping. Sepals lanceolate, 
 tomentose. Stamens 15-25. Ovary minutely villous, 3-celled. Drupe spherical ; 
 stone rugulose, tubercled. 
 
 19. ZS. montanus, Thwaites Enum. 32 ; leaves ovate-oblong or orbicular 
 obtuse denticulate glandular beneath, anthers beardless, drupes spherical. 
 
 Ceylon ; loftier parts of the island, alt. 6-8000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A middle-sized tree. Leaves 2-34 by l|-2 in., coriaceous, younger ones pubescent be- 
 neath ; petiole ^-l in. Bacemes nearly as long as the leaves, pubescent. Flowers ^ in. 
 diam. Sepals oblong. Petals silky, longer than the sepals. 
 
 20. E. subvillosus, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323 (1836); leaves 
 oval obtuse abruptly and shortly acuminate crenate-serrate glabrescent, 
 bracts pectinate, anthers pubescent, drupe oblong 1-celled. — Thwaites 
 Enum. 33. E. pubescens, //oo^. Ic. PI. 155, (1837). 
 
 Ceylon; Saffragam district, Thwaites; Mai.acca, 3faingoy — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 Arborescent; herbaceous portions densely pubescent, at length glabrescent. Leaves 
 4 by 2^ in. ; petiole 14 in. StipuUs subulate. Bacemes downy, from the axils of the 
 fallen leaves. Ilower-huds ovate, acute. Petals oblong, clawed, fimbriate at the 
 apex. Stamens 15-25. Anthers densely pubescent. Ovary villous. Drupe olive- 
 shaped ; stone tubercled, sharply pointed. 
 
 Sect. III. Blonocera, Jack (Gen.). Flowers bisexual. Anthers termi- 
 nated by a long awn. Ovary 2-3- rarely 5-celled. Drupe 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. 
 
 * Petals narrowed toward the base, dilated toward the a^yex. 
 t Anther-tails erect. 
 
 21. E. tuberculatus, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 594 ; leaves glabrous above 
 hairy along the nerves beneath obovate minutely serrate base cuneate, 
 
Elcsocarpus.] xxviii. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 405 
 
 stamens 70-80, anther-tails erect. Wall. Cat. 2658 B, C ; Beddome Fl. 
 Sylvat. t. 113. E. serrulatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42. L. rugosus, Wall. 
 Cat. 2658, A, B, not of Roxb. Monocera tuberculata, W. & A. Prodr. i. 83 ; 
 Wight] Ic. 62 ; Wigkt. III. t. 35 ; Dalz. d^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27. M. subin- 
 tegerrima, Aliq. in Herb. Hohenack. 
 
 Pegu and Martaban, Wallich ; Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula, 
 Wight, &c. — DiSTRiB, Java. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-12 by 3-4 in., glabrous or more or less downy beneath ; petiole 
 l^-2in., pilose or glabrescent, thickened at the apex. Racemes erect, more than twice 
 the length of the petiole. Pedicels recurved, ultimately erect. Flower-buds lanceolate. 
 Flower 1 in. diara. Sepals lanceolate, rusty-pubescent. Petals oblong-cuneate, deeply 
 laciniate, sometimes bifid, silky on the outside. Stamens very numerous (70), filaments 
 hairy or glabrous. Ovary 2-celled, cells 8-ovuled. Drupe 14-2 in., oval, smooth; 
 stone 1-2-ceiled, coarsely tubercled furrowed. — To this species may possibly be re- 
 ferred E. grandifolius, Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. p. 294, of which leaves 
 only exist in the Kew Herbarium. The leaves are larger than ordinary. The nuts 
 of E. tuberculatus are worn by the Hindoos as a religious ornament. 
 
 22. E. aristatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 52 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 599 ; leaves 
 glabrous cuneate-obovate, stamens 40-50, anther-tails erect. Monocera 
 R(jxburghii, Wight Ic. i. 63. ElaBocarpus rugosus, Wall. Cat. 2659 A, 
 partly^ not of Roxb. 
 
 Bhotan, Booth; Silhet, Wallich; Assam, Jenkins ; Concan, Stocks. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-10 by 3 in., serrate, base tapering ; petiole 1 in. Racemes 
 nearly as long as the leaves. Flower-hucls lanceolate, ribbed. Sepals lanceolate, 
 pubescent. Petals wedge-shaped, deeply fringed. Filaments glabrous. Ovary villous, 
 2-celIed, cells 10-12-ovuled. " Drupe the size shape and colour of a large olive ; 
 stone oblong, pointed at both ends, rugose." — Roxb. 
 
 23. B. rug-osus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 596 ; leaves gla- 
 brescent shortly petioled or subsessile obovate-oblong serrate, peduncles 
 downy, stamens 30, anther-tails erect, drupe yellow obovoid 1-2-celled, 
 stone 2-edged tubercled. Wight Ic. t. 61. 
 
 Chittagong, Roxburgh; Western Peninsula, Coorg, Nilghiri Mts., Wight, 
 Gardner. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-12 by 4 in. J?acemes shcfc*ter than the leaves, spreading. Flowert 
 1 in. diam. Flower-buds elongate, conical. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Petals cuneate, 
 silky, deeply laciniate. Owar// villous 2-celled, cells 8-ovuled. Stone oblong, pointed 
 at both ends. — The flowers are generally smaller tlpn those of E. aristatus. 
 
 24. E. Monocera, Cav. Ic. t. 501 ; leaves glabrous cuneate-obovate 
 serrulate serratures apiculate, stamens 40-^0, anther-tails erect very long. 
 E. obtasus, Blume Bij dr. 123. ?E. venustUs, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 174. 
 Monocera macrocera, Zoll. ex Walp. Ami. i 112. 
 
 Assam, Griffith; ?BmM a, Kurz; Malacca, G'W^^A; ? Southern provinces of the 
 Western Peninsula, Beddome, — Distrib. Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., obtuse, acute or acuminate, often glandular 
 beneath; petiole 1-1^ in. Racemes shorter than the leaves, 3-7-flowered. Flower-buds 
 ovoid, acute. Sepals lanceolate. Petals cuneate, lo!)ed, pilose. Disk 10-lobed. Ovary 
 pubescent, 2-celled. Drupe \\ in., ovoid ; stone tubercled, 1-celled. — Beddome's 
 E venustus, Fl. Sylvat. t. 174, so closely resembles E. Monocera, that it may perhaps 
 be considered as a variety of that species. It differs, however, especially in the ovate 
 leaves having shorter petioles, glabrous sepals, and very short anther-tails. 
 
 25. E. punctatus, Wall. Cat. 2676 ; leaves small glabrous above 
 densely felted beneath oval acute entire, anther-tails long erect, drupe ovoid. 
 
406 xxviir. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elaocarpus. 
 
 Singapore, WaHich. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 2 by 1 in., with brownisli pubescence beneath; petiole ^ in. Flower 
 \ in. diam. xSVpa/* lanceolate. Petals oblong, silky. Drupe 1^ in., scaly. 
 
 I have seen f)nly imperfect specimens of this, and have some doubt whether the foliage 
 in Herb. Wallich. does not belong to some other genus {? Fterospermum). 
 
 26. E. acuminatus, Wall. Cat 2675 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate 
 acuminate serrulate, racemes erect half the length of the leaves, flower buds 
 fusiform lanceolate, stamens numerous, anther-tails short. 
 
 Eastkbn Bengal; Assam, Silhet, and the Khasia, Wallich, &c. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6 by If in. ; petiole |-1 in., lower ones much longer, thickened at 
 the apex, tiowers 4 i"- diam. iSepuls oblong-lanceolate, slightly villous. Fttals silky 
 outside, laciuiate at the apex. IJitik broad, lobed. Ocary subglabrous, 2-3-celled ; 
 ovules numerous. 
 
 27. S. fexTuglneus, Wight Ic. 206 CNIonocera\ not of Jack ; leaves 
 oblong-oval entire downy beneath, stamens 20, anthers shortly awned, 
 ovary 3-celled.— i^e<it/o;/ie Fk>r. 8ylv. t. 112. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Nilghiri, Pulney, &c. Mts., Munro, &c. 
 
 A tree. Young branches stout, covered with rusty down. Leaves 3-6 hy 1^-2 in., 
 coriaceous, convex above, p<;tiule 1-2 in., villous, thickened at the apex. liacem^s 
 downy, shorter than the leaves, crowded at the ends of the branches. Flowers | in. 
 diam. Sepals lanceolate, downy. Petals silky, oblong, laciniate at the apex. Drupe 
 I in., ovoid; stone 1 celled, i-seeded. — The leaves are remarkably convex in all tne 
 specimens. This differs from .\fKcVs Monocera ferrvginea (Houk. Bot. Misc. ii. 86), 
 in the short putiole, and other characters. 
 
 28. Zi. cyanocarpa, Maingay mss. ; leaves glabrous lanceolate ser- 
 rulate shortly petioled, racemes nearly as long as the leaves, buds elliptic- 
 lanceolate, ovary 5-celled, drupe 3-celled. 
 
 Malacca, Main gay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 5-6 by 1-f in.; petiole \ in. Flowers nearly 4 in. diam. /Sepals 
 lanceolate. ■ Petals obovate, longer than the sepals, divided halfway down into linear- 
 lanceolate very acute straight segments. Anthers puberulous. Ovaru villous ; stylo 
 much exceeding the stamens. Drupe the size of a large cherry, brignt blue ; stone 
 rugose, woody, 3-celled. 
 
 29. E. bracteatus, Kur2 in Flora 1871, p. 278; glabrous, leaves 
 obovate-obloug, bracts leafy dentate, stamens numerous, ovary villous, 
 stone rugose. 
 
 Martaban, Kurz. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 5-6 in., pointed at both ends, repando-dentate ; petiole ^-1 
 in. Racemes axillary. Ptdiceh 1 in., glabrous; bracts ^-1 in., obovate, apparently 
 persistent. Sepals ^ in., linear-lanceolate, silky outside, cihate. Petals cuneate-obloiig, 
 bifid, lobes laciniate. Drupe the size of a plum. 
 
 30. E. ceylanicus, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323; leaves 
 glabrous long petioled broadly ovate acuminate, stamens numerous, anther- 
 tails erect. Monocera Walkerii, Wight III. i. 84 ; Thwaites Eniim. 33. 
 
 Ceylon ; Saff'ragam District, alt. 5000 ft.. Walker, &c. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2 iu., crenulate ; petiole 1-1 4 in. Racemes as long as 
 the leaves ; pedicels slender, 1^ in. Flowtr-buds lanceolate. Flowers secund, drooping. 
 /Sepals lanceolate. Putals densely hairy, sparingly fimbriate. Filaments pubescent. 
 Ovary 2-ceUed ; stone tubercied, subcylindric. 
 
 31. E. g'landulifer, Mast, ; leaves glabrous long-petioled ovate- 
 lanceolate undulate crenate, stamens numerous, anthers hairy, ovary 
 
ElcBocarpus.] xxviii. tiliace^e. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 407 
 
 3-celled. Monocera glandulifera, Hook, ex Wight III. i. p. 84. Thwaites 
 Enum. 33. 
 
 Ceylon ; Central Provinces, 4-6000 ft., Gardner, &c. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 2 in., glandular beneath; petiole Ifin. Racemes shorter 
 than the leaves, many-flowered. Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers | in. diam., drooping. 
 Petals oblong, pubescent. Ovary silky, 3-celled. Drupe olive-shaped; stone 2-celle(l. 
 — Nearly allied to F. prunifolias and E. Munroii. The so-called saccate glands on 
 the under surface of the leaf are possibly the result of insect agency, 
 
 ft Anther-tails at length reflexed. 
 
 32. B. IMCunroii, Mast. ; leaves glabrous long-petioled ovate-lanceolate 
 acuminate, stamens 20, anther-tails, at length reflexed, drupe olive-like. 
 Monocera Munroii, Wigfii III. p. 84 ; Ic. t. 952. 
 
 Westekn Penixsula; Nilghiri Mts., Wight; Concan, Stocks. 
 
 A tree. Branches with prominent scars. Leaves 3 by 2 in., crenulate ; petiole 2 in. 
 Racemes many-flowered, scarcely as long as the leaves. Flower-huds ovoid. Fiowerg 
 4 in. and upwards diam., drooping. /Sepals lanceolate, acute. Anthers glabrous. Ovary 
 2-celled, on a raised torus. Drupe yellowish, shining, edible ; stone 1-celled. 
 
 33. E. apiculatus, Mast. ; leaves glabrous obovate acuminate minutely 
 serrulate base cuneate, racemes half the length of the leaves, anther-tails 
 reflexed, disk very small glabrescent, drupe oblong apiculate 2-celled. 
 
 Malacca, Mahajau. 
 
 A tree, 50-60 ft, Stem very thick. Leaves 6 by 2^ in. and upwards ; petiole ^in., 
 thickened at both ends. Peduncles puberulous, many-flowered ; pedicels about 4 in-» 
 articulate at the base, dilated at the apex. Flower | in. diam. Buds oblong, obtuse. 
 Sepals linear-oblong, puberulous. Petals white, cuneate, 2-lobed, lobes fringed silky. 
 Stamens numerous. Drupe 1 in., resembling the fruit of a Diospyros. 
 
 ** Petals wide at the base, narrowed towards the apex. 
 
 34. El. prunifolius, Wall. Cat. 2669 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate long- 
 petioled, petals nearly entire, stamens 20, anther-tails obsolete or short. 
 C. Mull. Anot. defam. El(jeocarp. 15. 
 
 SiLHET, Wallich; Khasia Mrs., alt. 1-3000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1 4 in., often recurved; petiole 2 in. Racemes nearly 
 as long as the leaves, loose ; pedicels glabrous. Flower buds ovoid. Sepals lanceolate. 
 Petals deltoid, nearly entire, silky on both sides. Anthers glabrous. Ovary villous, 
 2-3-celled, cells 6-ovuled. Drupe |-| in., ovoid, 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 35. E. paniculatus, Wall. Cat. 2663; leaves glabrous elliptic 
 acuminate entire, petals nearly entire silky, stamens 50, anthers and ovary 
 villous. C Mull. Anot. de Jam. Eloiocarp. 12, Monoceras leucobotryum, 
 Mici. Ft. hid. Bat. Suppl. i. 409 ; Monocera Griffithii, C. Mull. I.e. 
 
 Malacca, Mavngay ; Sincapoke, Wallich. — Distrib. Banka. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6 by 2 in. and upwards, coriaceous, base rounded; petiole 2-3 in., 
 thickened at the apex. Racemes subterminal, erect, nearly as long as the leaves. 
 Flower-luds ovoid, acuminate. Flowers \ in. diam. Sepals lanceolate, hoary, silky 
 outside. Anther-tails reflexed. Drupe ^ iu., ovoid ; stone tubercled. 
 
 36. E. Varunua, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2666 G, H ; leaves glabrous 
 elliptic acuminate serrulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, anthers pube- 
 rulous, ovary villous. 1 E. Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat. 6851. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 1-2000 ft. Assam ; Silhet, 
 Chittagong, and Malacca. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 3-7 by l|-3 in., base rounded ; petiole 14-3 in. Racemes axillary, 
 half the length of the leaves and upwards. Flower ^ in. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 
 
408 XXVIII. TiLiACEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elaocarpus. 
 
 white, silky. Petals oblong fimbriate, downy outside. — The JE. Finlaysonianus doubt- 
 fully referred to here is a native of Siam. 
 
 37. B. pedunculatus, Wall. Cat. 2678 ; glabrous, leaves long-petioled 
 oblong obtuse serrulate with apiculate serratures, racemes much shorter 
 than the leaves, buds ovate -lanceolate, stamens few, anthers glabrous 
 tails very short, ovary 2-celled glabrous. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay; Singapore, Wallich. 
 
 A tree. Leaves a-4 by 1 \-\ 4 in., tapering at the base ; petiole f-1 in.'thickened ^t the 
 apex. Hacemes, 2-3 in. long, many-flowered, from the axils of the fallen leaves. Pedicels 
 downy. Flower-buds ovate-lanceolate. Floicers nodding. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 
 covered with white down. Petals oblong-lanceolate, silky on both sides, fringed at the 
 apex. Anthers glabrous. Glands 10. Drupe | in., linear-oblong, glabrous, 1 -celled. 
 
 38. S. Griffithil, Mad.; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate glabrous, 
 pedicels as long as the petioles, anthers hairy, ovary subglabrous. Monocera 
 Griffithii, Wight III. i. p. '84, not of MiiU. M. holopetala, Zoll. ex Walp. 
 Ann. i. 113. M. trichanthera. Griff. Not. 518, t. 616, f. 3. 
 
 Tenasserim, Hdfer^ Griffith ; Malacca, Griffith, &c. ; Sincapore, Maingay. — 
 DisTBiB. Java. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 6 by 2J in., minutely serrulate, paler beneath ; petiole 
 2i in., thickened at the apex. Racemes longer than the leaves, erect. Flower-buds 
 ovate lanceolate. Flower 4 in. diara. iSe.pids silky. Petals lanceolate, entire or 
 slightly laciniate. .Anther-tails rQi\Q\Qf\. Z^/>e olive-shaped, purple, 1-celled; stone 
 tubercled. 
 
 39. X:. Integra, Wall. Cat. 2668, and 2673; leaves long-petioled glabrous 
 ovate-lanceolate, racemes shorter than the leaves, anthers glabrescent tails 
 reflexed, ovaiy 2-celled. C. Miill. Anot. de fam. Eloeocarp. 14. Monocera 
 
 Setiolata, Jack Mai, Misc. ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 86. Monoceras petiolatuni, 
 (iq. FLIrid. Bat. i. pt. 2, 212. ?Elaeocarpu3 robustus, Wall. Cat. 2664 A. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay; Penano, Wallich; Tenasserim, Heifer; Silhet, 
 Wallich. — DisTRiB. Sumatra, Borneo. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 5-9 by 2-3 in., entire or minutely serrulate ; petiole 2-4 in. 
 Eacemes erect, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Flower-buds glabrous exter- 
 nally, ovoid, abruptly acuminate, t lowers 4 in. diam. tScpah glabrous, lanceolate. Petals 
 oblong- lanceolate, silky on both sides. /Stamens 20-30. Drupe | in., smooth, olive- 
 coloured; stone tubercled, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. — Varies in the proportion of leaf and 
 petiole. 
 
 Sect. IV. Acronodla. Flowers polygamous. 
 
 40. E. Acronodla, Mast. ; leaves glabrous lanceolate, anthers beardless, 
 ovary 2-celled. Acronodia punctata, Bliime Bijdr. 123 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 
 i. pt. 2, 213. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Bonieo. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 2^-3 byj in., acute at both ends, apiculate ; petiole \ in. Racemes 
 shorter than the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam. Sepals 4-5, oblong, pointed, minutely 
 villous. Petals A-b, spathulate, laciniate at the ape x. i Stamens ib \ anthers beard- 
 less, muticous. Pistil 0. 9 StamchS as in the male, but smaller. Ovary ellij)8oid, 
 tubercled ; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, anatropal, raphe next the placenta. 
 Drwpe ^ in., oblong, obtuse, olive-coloured, smooth, by abortion 1-celled. 
 
 doubtful species. 
 
 E. Chackroula, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2674. Gualpara. Of this there is no specimen 
 in Wallich's Herbarium. 
 
Maocarjms.] xxviti. tiliace^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 409 
 
 E. Jackianus, Wall. Cat. 2679, not found in WalHch's Herbarium. It is said to be a 
 native of Sincapore, Jack. 
 
 E. LONGiFOLius, WttU. Cat. 6682, from Ava, is indeterminable. It has very long, 
 strap-shaped leaves, pilose along the nerves. 
 
 E. MONQCEROiDES, Wight. 111. i. p. 84. '^Leaves glabrous elliptic. Racemes lax, few- 
 flowered. Stamens indefinite, glabrous. Anthers pointed, beardless, shorter than the 
 style." 
 
 MoNOCERA FERRUGiNEA, Juch Mai. Misc. EX Hooh. Bot. Misc. ii. 86. " Leaves 
 oblong-ovate, acuminate, entire, under surface as also the peduncles and branchlets fer- 
 ruginous villous, racemes axillary shorter than the leaves. — Leaves 6-7 in., entire, with 
 revolute margins; petiole 2-24 in., downy. Drupe olive-shaped; nut rather smooth, 
 1 -seeded by abortion. Seed oblong, pointed, albumen conform, embryo inverse, coty- 
 ledons flat, radicle superior and much shorter than the cotyledons,"— Jack states that 
 he did not see the flowers. 
 
 Note on Roydsia. 
 
 At p. 180, it is stated that Roydsia parvijlora, GrifF., is a Tiliaceous plant ; this is 
 an error. R. parvijlora forms with R. Jlorihunda, Planch. Mss. (Cuming, Philippine 
 Island collection, n. 541), a subgenus of Roydsia, or a new genus closely allied to it, 
 of which the fruit is unknown. These plants differ from Roydsia suaveolens and R. 
 ohtudfolia in the linear-oblong buds, strap-shaped perianth-segments, which are imbri- 
 cate in two series, in the anthers being entire at the base, in the long stipes of the 
 ovary, subulate style with 3 minute terminal stigmas, and in the few ovules in each 
 cell. I would suggest the name of Alytostylis for this genus or subgenus, in allusion to 
 the undivided style. The Philippine Island R. jlorihunda. Planch. Mss., has flowers 
 nearly an inch in diameter, very many stamens, a very slender gynophore, which elon- 
 gates after flowering, and oblong leaves, 7-9 inches long. 
 
 There can be no doubt but that Roydsia should, as Griffith observes, form the type of 
 a Natural Order intermediate between Bixinece and Capparideoi. Both Roydsia and 
 Alytostylis differ remarkably in habit from Tiliacece. 
 
 3. Kojclsia (Alytostylis) parviflora, Griff. Notul. iv. 578; Ic. 
 Plant. Asiat. t. 607, f. 1 ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, 
 perianth-segments ligulate obtuse. 
 
 BiRMA, in woods near the Serpentine Mines at Hookum, Griffith. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Leaves 4-7 by l|-2 in., glabrous, rather membranous, pale yellow- 
 green, nerves almost horizontal; petiole ^-| in., slender. Racemes \b\\oi% very pubes- 
 cent, axillary, and forming small terminal panicles, rachis slender; pedicels shorter than 
 the buds ; bracts subulate, caducous. Flowers \ in. diam., inodorous, densely tomentose; 
 buds oblong. Perianth divided nearly to the base into 6, biseriate, imbricate, obtuse, 
 strap-shaped, densely pubescent segments, that are finally recurved, not much shorter 
 than the stamens. Gynophore short in flower, slender. Stamens about 20, not much 
 exceeding the perianth-segments ; anthers not 2-fid at the base. Ovary ovoid, densely 
 pubescent, contracted into a stipes as long as itself, 3-celled ; style subulate, stigmas 3, 
 minute ; ovules about 4 in each cell. 
 
 Flowering specimens of R. obtusifolia, H, f, & T. (see p. 180), have been recently 
 received from Kurz, collected in Pegu. The flower-buds are very small, globose, 
 tomentose. Sepals 6, short, obtuse, apparently valvate, pubescent. Stamens about 18, 
 exceeding the perianth. Ovary glabrous, on a tomentose gynophore ; styles 3, subulate, 
 united at the base. — /. D. Hooker. 
 
 Order XXIX. LINE-flG. (By J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually alternate, simple, entire, rarely crenate- 
 serrate ; stipules lateral or intrapetiolar or 0, Iivfiorescence various. Flowers 
 regular, bisexual. Sejmls 6, rarely 4, free or connate below, imbricate. 
 
410 XXIX. LTNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Petals as many, hypogynous or slightly perigynous, usually fugacious, often 
 contorted. Stainens 4-5 with as many interposed staminodes, or 8-10, 
 rarely more, filaments united at the base into a hypogynous or slightly 
 perigynous ring, filiform ; anthers versatile, 2-celled, Glands 5, entire or 
 2-lobed, usually adnate to the staminal ring, or obsolete. Ovary entire, 
 3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, free or more or less connate, stigmas terminal ; 
 ovules 1 or 2, inserted in the inner angle of the cells, anatropoas, jiendulous. 
 Fruit usually splitting into 3-5 cocci, rarely a drupe. Seeds 1-2 in each 
 cell, testa sometimes winged, albumen fiesliy or ; embryo nearly as long 
 as the seed, straight, rarely incurved^ cotyledons broad, radicle superior. — 
 DisTRiB. All regions ; genera 14, species about 135. 
 
 Teibe I. Sulinece. Pstak cJontorted, fugacious. Perfect stamens as 
 many as the petals. Cajisule septicidal. — Herbs rarely shrubs. 
 
 Calyx glabrous or pubescent. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled . . .1. laNUM. 
 
 Calyx glabrous. Styles 3-4. Capsule 3-4- celled 2. Reinwardtia. 
 
 Calyk setose. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, l-seeded . . . . .3. Anwadenia. 
 
 Tribe IT. Xug-onieee. Petah contorted, fugacious. Perfect stamens 
 2-3 times as many as the petals. Fruit a drupe. — Usually scandent shrubs, 
 with hooked woody tendrils formed of arrested branchlets. 
 
 Sepals subacute, tomentose, ebracteolate 4. Huqonia. 
 
 Sepals obtuse, bracteolate 5. Roucueeia. 
 
 Tribe III. Erythrozyleee. Petah imbricate, rarely contorted, with a 
 scale on the inner face, at length deciduous. Perfect stamens twice as many 
 as the petals. Fruit a drupe. — Shrubs or trees. 
 Pedicels axillary. Petals with a double scale 6. Erythroxyi.on. 
 
 Tribe IV. Xxonantheae. Petals contorted, persistent. Stamens 2-3-4 
 times as many as the petals. Caj^sule septicidal 
 Stamens perigynous 7. Ixonantiies. 
 
 1. Z.XNVM, Linn. 
 
 Herbs, rarely shrubby below. Leaves narrow, nuite entire ; stipules 0, 
 or replaced by glands. Sepals 5, quite entire. Petals 5, contorted, fugacious. 
 Staviens 5, often alternating with minute staminodes. Glands opposite the 
 petals, adnate to the staminal ring. Ovary 5-celled, cells 2-locellate, 2-ovuled ; 
 styles usually free, stigmas various ; ovules 10, 1 in each locellus. Capsule 
 5-celled, septicidally splitting into 5 simple 2-seeded or 10 l-seeded cocci. 
 Seeds compressed, albumen sparing ; embryo straight. — Species about 80, 
 most of them Mediterranean. 
 
 1. Zi. usitatisslxnuxn, Linn. ; annual, stem cylindric erect simple 
 below, leaves narrow sub-3-nerved, petals blue, styles quite free, stigmas 
 linear-clavate, capsule scarcely exceeding the narrowly white-margined, 
 acuminate sepals. Wall. Cat. 1504; Don Prodr. 217 ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 110; 
 Gibs, a; Dalz. Bomb. Fl. SuppL 16; BC. Prodr. 217 ; W. d: A. Prodr. 134. 
 L. trinervium, Roth Nov. Sp. 187. 
 
 Cultivated chiefly for oil throughout India, up to 6000 ft., in the Himalaya. — Distrib. 
 Westwards to the Atlantic. 
 
 Stems 2-4 ft,, often solitary, corvmbosely branched above. Leaves linear or lanceo- 
 late, without stipular glands. Flowers 1 in. diam., in broad cymes. Sepals ovate, 
 acuminate, 3-nerved, eglandular, margins ciliate or not. — The Indian plant has the 
 
Linum.] xxix. line^. (J. D. Hooker.) 411 
 
 ciliated axile margins of the carpels of L. humile, Mill., and the crenate petals (Roxb.) 
 and smooth leaf-margins of L. usitatissimum, and is thus intermediate between these 
 supposed species. Roth's specimens of trinerv'mm (from Herb. Rottler) are from a garden ; 
 they are very imperfect, but clearly Z. usltatissimum. 
 
 2. Zi. perenne, Linn. ; perennial, stems many from the roots, leaves all 
 lanceolate or lower oblong obtuse and upper linear acute, petals blue entire, 
 styles quite free, stigmas subcapitate, capsule much longer than the white- 
 margined sepals. 
 
 Western Tibet, alt. 9-13,000 ft., Hh. Boyle, Munro, &c. ; Lahul, Jaeschke. — 
 DisTEiB. Westwards to the Canaries. 
 
 Stem 1-3 ft. high. Leaves |-| in., without stipular glands. Cymes few-flowered, 
 racemose, blowers 1 in. broad. /Sepals ovate or obovate, 3-5-nerved. Capsule as 
 large as a pea, on a slender pedicel. Sepals with glandular margins. 
 
 Var. Stocksianum, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 865 ; more glaucous, cymes very few- 
 flowered. L. Stocksianum, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, i. 98. — Scarcely different from the 
 type. 
 
 3. Zi. strictum, Linn. ; annual, leaves linear linear-oblong or lanceo- 
 late 1 -nerved margins and keel scab rid, petals yellow, styles quite free 
 stigmas capitate, capsule globose shorter than the long acuminate sepals. 
 Boi8S. Fl. Orient, i. 852. 
 
 Var. corymbulosum, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot., vii. 476 ; corymbs lax- 
 flowered, pedicels longer than the calyx. L. corymbulosum, Beichh.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
 i. 852. 
 
 Ihe Punjab hills, &c., extending to Peshawur and Marri, Jacqiiemont, &c. 
 Western Tibet, alt. 10,000 ft.. Falconer, &c. — Distrib. From Soongaria to N. Africa 
 and Italy. 
 
 A slender annual, perhaps at times biennial, usually corymboseiy branched above, 
 glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Leaves |-| in., acuminate, without stipular glands. 
 Flowers ^-f in. diam., shortly pedicelleJ, in corymbose cymes. Sepals with very long 
 rigid green points, about equaUing the pedicels, margins glandular. Capsule ^ in. 
 diam., globose — Cultivated in Affghanistan for oil and fodder, and not for flax {Griffith, 
 It. Notes, 313). 
 
 4. Xi. mysorense, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 1507 ; annual, stem corymboseiy 
 branched above, leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong narrowed at the base 
 obtuse or acute 3-nerved, petals yellow small but exceeding the calyx, styles 
 connate below stigma capitate, capsule about equalling the ovate acute 
 sepals. W. (& A. Frodr. i. 134; Thwaites Enurn. '2.6 \ Benth. in Bot. Reg. 
 under tab. 1326 ; Dalz. (^ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 16. L. humile, Heyne mss. 
 L. trinerviura, Lferb. Rokenhack, not of Both. 
 
 Exposed hills of the VVestern Peninsula, from theConcan, Kandalla and the Deccan 
 to the Nilghiris. Western Himalaya, Garwhal, alt., 3-5000 ft., Jacquemont, Boyle, 
 &c. Ceylon, alt. 4-6000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A small slender glabrous herb, usually much corymboseiy branched above. Leaves 
 ^-| in., variable in breadth and somewhat in form, without stipular glands. Flowers 
 I in. diam , in panicled corymbs, the branches of which elongate as unilateral cymes in 
 fruit. Sepals with white eglandular margins and short points. Filaments connate 
 below, dilated above. Capsule | in. diam., globose. 
 
 2. REINWARDTZA, Dumort. 
 
 Undershrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire or crenate-serrate ; stipules 
 minute, subulate, caducous. Flowers yellow, in axillary and terminal 
 cyniose fascicles, rarely solitary. Sepals 5, quite entire, lanceolate, acuminate. 
 Petals 5, contorted, fugacious, much longer than the sepals. Stamens 5, hy- 
 
412 XXIX. LiNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Reinivardtia. 
 
 pogynous, connate below, alternating with as many interposed subulate 
 staminodes. Glands 2-3, adnate to the staminal ring. Ovary 3-5-celled, 
 cells 2-locellate ; styles 3-4, filiform, free or connate below, stigmas sub- 
 capitate ; ovules 1 in each locellus. Capmle globose, splitting "into 6-8 
 cocci Seed& reniform. — Distrib. The following are the only "species. 
 
 1. R. trigryna, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot vii 522; leaves 
 elliptic-obovate with the tip rounded or elliptic and subacute quite entire or 
 minutely crenate-serrate, styles 3 free or connate at the base. R indica, 
 Dumort. Comm. Bot. 19. R. repens, Planch. I.e. 523. Linum trigynum, Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. ii. 110; ISmitk Exot. Bot. 31, t. 17; Bot, Mag. t. 1100; Wail. Cat. 1505; 
 W.d'A.Prodr. 134. L. repens, Don Prod r. 217. Macrolinum trigynum, /^cicM. 
 Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. 68. ICittelocharis trigyna, Alef. in Bot. Zeit. 1863, 282. 
 
 Hilly parts of India, from the Punjab eastwards to Sikkim, ascending to 6000 ft. 
 Behar, Assam, and CHrrxAGONO, and southwards from the Bombay Ghats to the 
 
 NiLGHIRI HILLS. 
 
 A tufted glabrous undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, with erect and prostrate rooting terete 
 rather stout soft branches. Leaves 1-3 in., narrowed into slender petioles, usually 
 rounded and mucronate at the tip, and then quite entire, but sometimes acute or even 
 suddenly acuminate, and then nunutcly crcnate-s<Trate. Florvers often 1 in. diam., but 
 variable iu number, size, lenj^th of pedicel, and of sepals, which are sometimes § in. 
 long. Capsule shorter than the sepals, the size of a small pea. — If, as is prol)able, this 
 and the following species are varieties of one, Dumortier s name of B. indica should 
 be retained for both. 
 
 2. R. tetrag'ynaf Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 523 ; leaves 
 elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate, styles 3-4 united below. 
 R. trigyna, JJalz. <{r Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 1(5. Linum tetragynum, Cokb. in 
 Wall. Cat. 1506; Bmth. in Bot. Peg. under tafj. 1326. L. Cicanobum, Bon 
 Prodr. 217. 
 
 In the same regions as B. trigyna, but usually in damper localities. 
 
 Easily distingui-shed from the common type of E. trigi/n/i by the much larger lanceo- 
 late leaves, and more numerous styles, but variable in the Ibrmer respect, and I suspect 
 that the two are varieties of one. — 1 have a note to the efl'ect that 6 styles occur. 
 
 3. ANZSADENIA, Wall. 
 
 Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or somewhat whorled at the top of the 
 stem, coriaceous, serrate ; stipules intrapetiolar, striate. Flowers in ter- 
 minal si)ike-like racemes, white or pink ; bracts minute, coriaceous, concave, 
 grooved, caducous, pedicels at length reflexed. ISejms 5, lanceolate, cori- 
 aceous, strongly nerved, 3 outer with spreading gland-tipped bristles, 
 2 inner glandular. Petals 5, contorted, fugacious. Stamens 5, hypogynous, 
 filaments connate below, alternating with interposed staminodes. Glands 
 usually 3, adnate to the staminal tube, one very large. Ow/ry 3-celled; 
 styles 3, stigmas terminal ; ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Capsule oblong, 
 membranous, indehiscent ? l-seeded. i'^eed oblong, testa adherent to the 
 thin albumen ; embryo straight, green, cotyledons plano-convex. — Distrib. 
 The following are the only species. 
 
 1. A. saxatllis, Wall. Cat. 1510; stem glabrous leafy at the summit, 
 leaves 2-5-in. glabrous above sparingly pubescent or glabrous beneath. 
 A. Khasyana, Grijf. NotuL iv. 534 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 593 {middle Jig are). 
 
 Central and Eastern Temperate Himalaya ; Nipal, Sikkim, alt, 6-8000 ft., and 
 the Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft. 
 
 Stem curved at the base, ascending, rather stout, ofien 1 ft. long below the foliage, 
 
Anisadenia] xxix. line^. (J. D. Hooker.) 413 
 
 always simple, lower part often creeping. Leaves approximate, spreading, elliptic- 
 lanceolate, acuminate, glaucous beneath, margin quite entire or obscurely waved or 
 crisped. Baceme 2-5 in. long, quite simple. Flowers \-^ di&m., pink ; pedicel very 
 short. Calyx ^ in. long. 
 
 2. A. pubescens, Griff. Notul. iV. 535 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 593 {right hand 
 figure) ; stem pubescent leafy all the way up, leaves \-\\ in. with appressed 
 hairs above siikily villous beneath. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 More slender than A. saxatilis, stem elongate, prostrate, often much-branched; 
 branches including the racemes 6-15 in. Leaves alternate, whitish beneath, elliptic, 
 acute at both ends, margin quite entire, sometimes undulate, nerves very oblique ; petiole 
 \-^ in. Raceme very slender, simple above, the lower peduncles 2-3-flowered, short, 
 erect, and as well as the rachis tomentose. Calyx \ in. long, gland-tipped hairs more ' 
 robust than in A. saxatilis. Flowers 4 in. diam., white, much larger than iu A. saxa- 
 tilia^. 
 
 4. KUGONIA, Linn. 
 
 Climbing, often tomentose shrubs. Leaves alternate, serrate, stipulate. 
 Injiorescence various ; flowers yellow, lower peduncles converted into spiral 
 hooks. Sepals 5. Petals 5, contorted, fugacious. Stamens 10, hypogynous, 
 with glandular swellings on the basal ring betw^een the filaments, 
 which are connate below. Ovary 5-celled ; styles 5, filiform, stigmas 
 capitate ; ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Drupe globose. Seeds com- 
 pressed, albuminous ; embryo straight or slightly curved, cotyledons flat. — 
 DiSTRiB. Tropical Asia and Africa ; species about 6. 
 
 1. K. IMCystax, Linn. ; leaves elliptic-obovate or obovate-oblong obtuse 
 or subacute quite entire reticulate on both surfaces. Wall. Gat. 1201 ; 
 W.<So A.Prodr. 72; Wight III. l^,i. 32; Planch, in Hook Lond. Journ. 
 Bot. vii. 624; Bah. ^ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 17. ' H. obovata, Ham. in Trans, 
 Linn. Soc. xiv. 205. — Rheede Hort. Mai. ii. t. 19. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Travancor. Ceylon. 
 
 A rambling leafy shrub ; branches, tendrils, and sepals densely clothed with brown 
 tomentnm. Leaves crowded, 1^-24 in., rather thin, nerves spreading; stipules subulate, 
 undivided. Flowers 1-1 ^ in. diam., terminal and in the upper axils, shortly pedicelled, 
 yellow. Stamens alternately long and short. Fruit globose, shorter than the sepals. 
 
 2. K. ferrugfinea, W. d' A. Prodr. 72 ; leaves elliptic long acuminate 
 quite entire densely siikily villous beneath, veins arched not reticulate. 
 
 Ceylon, hotter and drier parts of the island. 
 
 A rambling or climbing shrub ; branches, tendrils, and sepals densely velvety. Leaves 
 2-5 by 1^-2 in., rather coriaceous, finely silky above when young, glabrous when old, 
 midrib and arched nerves strong ; stipules subulate. Flowers about half the size of 
 those of H. Mystax. 
 
 5. ROUCKERIA, Planch. 
 
 Erect or climbing trees or shrubs with revolute woody tendrils. Leaves 
 quite entire or glandular-serrate, coriaceous, penninerved ; stipules minute, 
 caducous. Flowers axillary, yellow, subsessile, or in excessively short 
 fascicled spikes; pedicels oracteolate, Sepals 5. Petals 5, hypogynous, 
 contorted, fugacious. Stamens 10, all fertile, filaments connate into a short 
 tube below. Glands obsolete. Ovarij 3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, filiform, 
 stigmas cuneate, 2-lobed ; ovules 2, collateral. Drupe scarcely fleshy, sub- 
 globose ; stone 3-6-angled, bony, cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds compressed, pen- 
 dulous ; albumen rather fleshy, embryo with foHaceous cotyledons and an 
 elongate radicle. — Distrib. 3 or 4 species, one or more Malayan and Bornean, 
 and 2 from Guiana. 
 
414 XXIX. LINE.S:. (J. D. Hooker.) [Rmcheria, 
 
 1. R>. GriflBltliiana, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. vi. 143, vii. 
 527 ; leaves lanceolate or elliptic- or obiWate-lanceolate obtusely caudate- 
 acuminate crenate-serrate, drupe 1 -celled 1 -seeded. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo. 
 
 A climbing slirub, perfectly glabrous. Leaves 3-5 in., alternate, coriaceous, compli- 
 cate, shining above, nerves few, arched; petiole ^ in., slender. Flowers \\u. ^\\i\n\., 
 7-8 in a cluster ; pedicels very short, densely bracteate. Petals narrow, very fugacious. 
 Drupe the size of a small pea. — There cannot be much doubt of this constituting the 
 genus Sarcotheca, Blume, though he describes the calyx as ebracteate, the ovules as 
 superposed, and the fruit as a bacciform capsule, dehiscing by 5 apical fissures. 
 
 6. BRirTKROXVIiON, Linn. 
 
 Shrubs or small trees, usually quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, quite 
 entire, often subdistichous ; stipules intrapetitdar, often imbricating on 
 short arrested leafless branche.s. Flowers axillary, small, white or pink, 
 solitary or fascicled ; peduncles bracteolate, jSa/xtls 5, rarely 6, free or 
 connate. Petals 5, hypogynou.s, deciduous, with an erect double ligula on 
 the inner face, imbricate. JStaniejis 10, rarely 12, filaments united into a 
 glandular or eglandular tube. Ova?'// 3- rarely 4-celled ; styles 3, rarely 4, 
 free or connate (connate in all Indian species), stigmas capitate; ovules 1, 
 rarely 2 in each cell. Drupe l-celled, 1-seeded. Seed with a tiiin testa, 
 albumen variable in quantity or ; embryo straight, cotyledons plano- 
 convex, radicle short. — Distrib. Species about 50, four-fifths of them 
 American, and almost all tropical. The Indian species are not easy of 
 discrimination. 
 
 * Leaves glaucous brown beneath when dry. 
 
 1. S. monog'jnum, JRoxb. Cor. PL i. t. 88 ; Flor. Ind. ii. 449 ; 
 leaves 1-2 by 1-1 in. obovate or elliptic- or cuneate-obovate tip rounded 
 hardly shining above pale glaucous brown beneath when dry, nerves 
 oblique much reticulated, peduncles \ — \ in. E. indicum, Beddome Flor. 
 8ylvat. t. 81. Sethia indica, DC. Frodr. i. 576 ; Wall. Cat. 6848 ; W. <h A. 
 Frodr. 106; Wight III. t. 48. 
 
 Hilly parts of the Western Peninsula, Bottler, &c. ; Ceylon, in hot dry parts of the 
 Island. 
 
 A shrub with pale bark. Leaves the smallest of the Indian species, always more or 
 less cuneate-obovate, the primary nerves hardly distinguishable from the secondary, 
 and these last not connected w^ith an evident intramarginal one ; petiole sometimes 4 in. 
 — The Ceylon specimens have larger leaves and longer pedicels. This is very closely 
 aliied to, if not identical with, an Eastern African species. 
 
 2. E. Kunthianum, Wall. Cat. 6849 (Sethia ?) ; leaves 2^-31 by 
 f-lj in. elliptic-lanceolate rarely elliptic-obovate acute or acuminate 
 rarely obtuse or rounded at the tip opaque above pale glaucous-brown 
 beneath when dry with a reddish midrib, nerves sub-horizontal very faint. 
 ? E. Kunthianum, Kitrz in Jouni. Beng. Asiat. Soc. xli. pt. ii. 294. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, and Khasia hills, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; ? Martaban, Kurz. 
 
 A shrub, 3-6 ft. Leaves very faintly reticulate on both surfaces, the secondary 
 nerves not collected into an obvious intramarginal nerve ; petiole very short. Drupe 
 4 in. long, slender, equalling the pedicel. — 1 have not seen Kurz's specimens. 
 
 Var. ? Parishii; leaves smaller \\ in. acute pale with more prominent nerves. — 
 Top of Thounggyun in Moulmein, Parish. 
 
 3. IS. burmanlcum, Griff. Notuliv. 468 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 581, f. 3 
 {flower); a tree, leaves 1-2| by |-li in. obovate oblong or obovate very 
 
Erythroxylon.] xxix. line^. (J. D. Hooker.) 415 
 
 obtuse or emarginate glaucous beneath nerves horizontal faint not forming 
 an intramarginal nerve, pedicels \-\ in. solitary or geminate. E. suma- 
 tranum, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. ^iippl i. 572. E. retusum, ^ai^r ex Teysm. 
 <k Binnend. in Tydschr. v. Naturch. Ver. Ned. Ind. xxviii. 71 {according 
 to Kurz). 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, Tenasserim, and Andaman Islds., Htlfer; Mergui, Griffith; 
 Malacca, Griffith, 3Iaivgay ; Penang, Phillips. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 Very near to E. Ktmthianum, but with more obovate and more obtuse leaves ; it is 
 further described as a tall tree, whilst the Khasia plant is a mere bush. The Penang 
 and some Malaccan specimens have much smaller leaves than the Mergui ones. — I have 
 seen no Sumatran specimens. 
 
 ** Leaves not glaucous beneath, but more or less shining on both sur- 
 faces. 
 
 4. E. lanceolatum, Wight III. i. 136 (Sethia) ; leaves 2-4 by |-in. 
 elliptic-lanceolate obtuse shining on both surfaces nerves oblique, pedun- 
 cles i-f in. very slender. Sethia lanceolata, Thwaites Eniim. 54. 
 S. erythroxyloides, Wight, I.e. 
 
 AVestern Peninsula; Courtallum, Wight; Ceylon, banks of streams, Galagama dis- 
 trict, alt. 2-3000 ft., Thwaites, &c. 
 
 An erect branchina: shrub. Leaves sometimes slightly contracted towards the base, 
 nerves not connate into a distinct intramarginal one ; petiole ^^-g in. — Wight's var. 
 obtusifolivm and his S. erythoxyloides are hardly distinguishable ; the latter is a 
 short-styled form, with alternately longer stamens ; another form with longer styles and 
 shorter stamens occurs ; as is the case with the two following species ; — all are no doubt 
 dimorphous. 
 
 5. E. lucidum, Moon Cat. Ceyl. PI. 36; leaves 2-3 by |-1 in. 
 
 elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate opaque or shining above 
 shining beneath nerves nearly horizontal, pedicels J^-i in. Sethia acu- 
 minata, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 324; Wight III. i. 135; Thwaites 
 Enum. 54. 
 
 Ceylon ; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, alt. 1000 ft., Walker. 
 
 This differs from E. lanceolatum in the long points to the comparatively 
 broader leaves, which have furthermore horizontal nerves ; and in the short stout 
 peduncles. Thwaites notices two forms of flower, one {stylosa) with the alternate 
 stamens longer, and a shorter style ; the other {staminea) with equal stamens and a 
 longer style. — The expressed juice of the fresh leaves is given by the Cinghalese as an 
 anthelmintic to children. There is a very similar species to this, a variety of it, in 
 Borneo. 
 
 6. E. obtusifoliuxn, Thivaites Enum. 54 ; leaves 2-3| by l^-lf in. 
 obovate-obtuse or broadly oblong tip rounded or obtusely pointed rather 
 shining on both surfaces nerves rather oblique elevated, pedicels short 
 stout. 
 
 Ceylon; Central Provinces, alt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 I follow Thwaites in retaining this as a distinct species, though I can scarcely doubt 
 its being a broad-leaved state of E. lanceolatum, its nerves are less oblique however. 
 It occurs under the two forms of long stamens and short style and vice versa. Fruit 
 in Thwaites's drawing ^ in. long, linear-oblong, straight, red. Thwaites refers to this 
 the 8. lanceolata, var. obtusifolia of Wight, which is, however, clearly a very trifling 
 variety of /S. lanceolatum. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 E. S1DER0XYL0IDE8, Lomlc. This is a Mauritian species, mentioned by Roxburgh (ii. 
 449) as having been sent from Ceylon to the Botanic Garden of Calcutta by General 
 Macdowall, and as being also a native of Coromandel. As no description is given I 
 cannot say to which of the above Roxburgh's Coromandel species it should be referred. 
 
416 XXIX. LiNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ixonanthes. 
 
 7. IXONANTKSS, Jack (Ixionanthes, Auct.) 
 
 Glabrous trees, turning black in drying. Leaves alternate, entire or cre- 
 nate-serrate, nerves reticulate ; stipules minute or 0. Flowers small, in 
 axillary cymose dicliotomous peduncled panicles. Sej^als 5-6, shortly connate 
 at the base. Petals 5-6, perigynous, contorted, persistent, hardened round 
 the fruit. Stamens 10-JiO, inserted on the outside of a perigynous annular 
 or cupular eglandular disk. Ovfiry free, 5-6-celled, cells sometimes 
 2-locellate ; style simple, stigma capitate lobed ; ovules two in each cell. 
 Capsule coriaceous or woody, oblong or conic, septicidal, carpels opening 
 inward. Seeds (according to Griffith) winged or crowned with a mitri- 
 form aril, albumen fleshy ; embryo lateral, cotyledons foliaceous, radicle 
 superior.— DiSTRiB. Species 6-8, all tropical Asiatic, and chiefly Ma- 
 layan. 
 
 1. Z. ioosandra, Jack Mai. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. l 154 • 
 leaves obovate or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire or crenate narrowea 
 into a very short petiole, stamens 10-20, capsule I by \ in. very narrow 
 ovoid. Miq. Fl. hid. Bat i. pt. 2, 494. I. dodecandra, Griff. Plant. 
 Cantor. 12. Gordonia ? peduncularis, Wall. (7«^ 4409. Hypericinea dentata, 
 Wall. Cat. 4832. Pierotia lucida, Blume Mm. Bot. i. 180. Brewstera 
 crenata, Boem. Syn^J^s. i. 141. Macharisia icosaudra. Planch, mss. — Griff. 
 Notid. iv. 498 ; fc. PI. Asiat. t. 589, f. 2. 
 
 Penano, WalUch; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Sincapobb, Lohh. — Distrib. 
 Sumatra. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 3-7 by 14~2 in., very variable, always narrowed into the 
 petiole, which varies from -nj— 4 i"-i brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, margins 
 thickened, nerves very slender almost horizontal, tip obtuse rounded or emarginate. 
 Peduncles slender, straight, often e.xceeding the leaves. Flowers about ^ in. long. 
 — Without authentic specimens the identity of this with Jack's plant cannot be veri- 
 fied. Though it ditTcrs from his descripticm in the usually small leaves, and in the often 
 fewer stamens, I have followed my predecessors in referring it to his /. icosandra. Jack 
 desoribes the flowers as 5-6-,merous. The pedicels appear to elongate very much as 
 the bud advances, and up to the ripening of the fruit. Ihere are perhaps two varieties, 
 one with peduncles shorter than the leaves, and longer pedicels. 
 
 2. Z. ouneata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Sitppl. i. 484 ; leaves oblong-spathu- 
 late or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire or crenate narrowed into a very 
 short petifde, cymes peduncled, stamens about 10, capsule turgid a— | by 
 \ in. broadly ovoid. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 I retain this species with great doubt, the foliage and flowers appear to be identical 
 with those of 7. icosandra, but the capsule is very mijch broader for its length. 1 have 
 seen two Sumatran specimens thus named by Miouel himself, of which one alone has 
 these broad capsules ; the other appears to be in tnis as in every other respect, identical 
 with I. icosandra. Miquel does not describe the capsule, and I hence do not know 
 which he meant to be I. cuneata. 
 
 3. Z. khasiana, Hook. f. ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate 
 quite entire narrowed into a slender petiole, nerves very oblique, peduncles 
 slender shorter than the leaves, cymes dense-flowered. Hypericinea pedun- 
 culosa. Wall. Cat. 4826. 
 
 Khasia Mts., F. de Silva. 
 
 Similar in habit to /. icosandra, but the leaves are of a totally different shape, much 
 more membranous, and the flowers are twice as large. Leaves 3-4^ in., membranous ; 
 
Ixo7ianthes.\ xxix. lineje. (J. D. Hooker.) 417 
 
 iiei-ves numerous, oblique ; petiole 4-| in. Peduncles shorter: than the leaves. Flowers 
 ^ in. diam. Stamens 10. 
 
 4. Z. obovata, Hook. f. ; leaves broadly obovate rounded at the apex 
 sinuate-crenate narrowed into a slender petiole nerves nearly horizontal, 
 stamens 12 or more, capsule (unripe) \ by \ in, narrow ovoid. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Singapore, Lohh. 
 
 A very distinct species, easily recognised by the broad flat obovate leaves, 2-4 by 
 \\rl\ in., with nearly horizontal nerves, the tip is rounded and often emarginate, and 
 the margins have long very shallow crenatures. Fedaiwles very slender, equalling or 
 exceeding the k-aves ; cymes rather crowded. Flowers about the size of those of /. 
 icosandra. 
 
 5. Z. reticulata, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. No. 7, 51; leaves elliptic-oblong 
 obtuse quite entire scarcely narrowed into the slender petiole nerves arching 
 much reticulated on both surfaces, peduncles very stout, stamens 10, cap- 
 sule 1-li by I in. ovoid, valves grooved at the back. Grijjith Plant. 
 Cantor 11. Hypericinea macrocarpa. Wall. Cat. 4833. Gordonia decandra, 
 lioxb. Fl. hid. ii. 573 ; Wall Cat. 4408. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Maingay ; Singapore, Wallich. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 Leaves, 3-5 by 1^-2^ in.; petiole 1 in., very slender. Peduncles shorter than or 
 equalling the leaves. /Sepals in fruit ^ in. long, very thick. — Wallich's specimens h ive 
 a shorter, more turgid capsule than Maingay's, and more shining leaves, with a de- 
 cidedly recurved margin. This accords best with Jack's description of 7. reticulata, 
 though, as with /. icosandra, its identity cannot be satisfactorily ascertained. It 
 differs in the leaves not having very thickened margins, and not being glaucous beneath. 
 It approaches the /. cMnensis, but the fruit is very much larger, and may be identified 
 with a Bornean species, of which, however, I have seen no fruit. 
 
 Order XXX. MALPIGHIACE^. (By J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs, often climbing. Leaves (in the Indian genera) opposite, 
 quite entire ; stipules small or 0. Inflorescence axillary or terminal ; pedicels 
 articulate, usually 2-bracteolate. Flowers middling sized or small, white or 
 yellow, more rarely red yellow or blue, hermaphrodite, regular or irregular. 
 Calyx usually 5-partite ; segments imbricate or valvate, 1 or more (never all) 
 furnished with a large gland, rarely eglandular {Asjndopterys). Petals 5, 
 clawed or not, often fimbriate, imbricate. Disk obscure. Stamens 10, 
 Ijypogynous or subperigynous, equal or 1 or more much larger than the 
 others, filaments free or connate below, anthers 2-lobed. Ovary 3-celled ; 
 styles 1-3, straight or circinate, stigmas capitate or punctiform or lateral ; 
 ovules solitary in each cell, niicropyle superior, raphe ventral. Fruit (in the 
 Asiatic genera) of one or more winged samaras. Seed exalbuminous; embryo 
 straight or curved, radicle superior.— Distrib. A very large American Order, 
 scantily represented in Africa and still more so in Asia ; genera about 50, 
 species about 600. 
 
 Styles 1 rarely 2. 
 
 Calycine glands minute or 1, Tristellateia. 
 
 Calycine gland 1, large, aduate to the pedicel 2. Hiptaqe. 
 
 Styles 3. 
 
 Calycine glands 3. Aspidopteeys. 
 
 VOL. I. E E 
 
418 XXX. MALPiGHiACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Tfistellateia. 
 
 1. TRISTSZjJliATSX^, Tlumars. 
 
 Woody -climbers. Leaves opposite or whorled ; petiole 1-2-glandiilar at 
 the top ; stipules minute. Flowers yellow, in terminal or lateral racemes. 
 Cali/x 5-partite, eglandular, or with minute glands. Petals 5-clawed. 
 Stainens 10, all perfect ; filaments rigid, truncate and articulate at the top ; 
 anthers acute. Ovary 3-lobed; styles 1-3, slender, one or more reduced to 
 small papillae. 7i*/;>c carpels 3, each with about 3 or more wings, the whole 
 forming a stellate fruit, ^eed obovoid, testa membranous ; cotyledons Heshy, 
 hooked.— DisTBiB. About 8 species, natives of tropical Africa, Asia, and 
 Australasia. 
 
 I. T. australa«lca, A. I^i-h. SeH. Astral. 38, t. 15; Benth. Flor. 
 Austral, i. £b<;. rialynenia laurifolium, W. d' A. in Ed'm. New Phil. 
 Jomii. 1833, 179 ; Prodr. 107. 
 
 Eastern ARcmPELAOO ; Sincapore, Htrh. Wight, &c.— DrsxRiB. Eastwards to New 
 Ireland. 
 
 Glabrous. Leaves 2-4 in., ovate or elliptic, acute, membranous, quite entire; petiole 
 1- or eglandular. Racemes terminal, 4-6 in. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; pedicels opposite, 
 minutoh' 2-brHCteolate below the middle. Petals ovatecordate, claw slender. Fruit 
 4 in. diam. ; carpel-winga coriaceous, spreading and recurved, linear oblong, vertically 
 compressed. — Wight's specimens, stated in the Prydromus to be from Ceylon, were 
 from Sincapore. 
 
 2. KZPTAGS, Gaertner. 
 
 Climbing or suberect shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, coriaceous, 
 eglandular, or with a row of remote intramarginal glands beneath ; stipules 
 0. Racemes terminal or axillary, simple or compound ; ])eduncles erect, 
 bracteate, articulate with the 2-bracteolate pedicels. Flowers white, fra- 
 grant, the 6th petal discoloured. Calyx 5-partite ; glands large, adnate 
 to the pedicel. Petals 5, clawed, unequal, silky. Stamens 10, declinate, all 
 fertile, one much the largest, filaments connate at the base. Ovary 3-lobed, 
 lobes appendiculate ; styles 1-2 circinate, the others rudimentary, stigmas 
 1 or 2. Fruit of 1-3, 2-3-winged samaras. Seed subglobose ; cotyledons 
 thick, unequid. — Distmb. Four species, all tropical Asiatic. 
 
 1. K. PSadablota, Cartn. Fruct. ii. 169, t. 116 ; branches stout, leaves 
 4-(; in. obh/ug or oviite-lanceolate acuminate or cordate-acuminate, racemes 
 with densely apjtressed pubescence, flowers |-1 in. diam., carpels with a 
 
 36t<. Banisteria bengalensis, Linn. B. unicapsularis, Lamk. B. tetraptera, 
 Sonnerat Voy. ii. t. 135. — liheede Ilort. Mai. vi. t. 59. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, from Jamu and Sindh to Birma, Malacca, 
 and Ceylon. — Distrib. China, Java. 
 
 •A tall chmber, glabrous except the joung parts and inflorescence, which are hoary 
 or appressed-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in., coriaceous, petioled, shining above. Racemes 
 1-6 in., axillary, usually forming a leafy panicle. Flower ^-i in. diam., fragrant, 
 Avhite. Sepals obtuse. Pttals twice as long, fimbriate, 5th petal yellow at the base. 
 Wivg-^ of carpels oblong, coriaceous, inner 1-2 in. linear-oblong, outer narrower shorter 
 fipieading. — G. obtusijolia, DC, a native of China and Birma, diflers chiefly in its 
 smaller size. 
 
Hiptage.] xxx. malpighiaceje. (J. D. Hooker.) 419 
 
 2. H. parvifolla, W.<fc A. Prodr, 107, excl. syn, ; branches and shoots 
 elongate twiggy, leaves about 3 in. elliptic acute or acuminate glabrous, 
 racemes with appressed pubescence, flowers \ in. diam., carpels usually 
 without the additional wing. Gaertnera laurifolia, Herb. Madr. ex Wall. 
 
 Cat 7265. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Mysore, ^ottZer; Courtallum, Wight; Ceylon, hot and dry 
 parts of the Island, Gardner, &c. 
 
 Smaller in all its parts than H. Madablota, and with usually two styles ; the pubes- 
 cence of the inflorescence is appressed, in which respects it differs from H. sericea. 
 
 3. H. sericea, Rook. f. ; branchlets short slender, leaves about 2-3 in. 
 elliptic or ovate acuminate glabrous, racemes short laxly soft tomentose or 
 villous, flowers \-\ in. diam., carpels with an intermediate ridge. H. parvi- 
 flora, Wight. Cat. 358. Clerodendon sericeum. Wall. Cat. 1824. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingty. 
 
 Branches and inflorescence clothed with soft brown villous pubescence. Leaves 
 always small. Racemes axillary and terminal, short, dense-flowered ; pedicel much 
 thickened from beneath the flower downwards. — The habitat of Ceylon given by Wight 
 and Arnott is, no doubt, an error, originating with that respecting Tristellateia 
 atbstraladca. 
 
 4. K. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 1065 ; branches stout woody scabrid, 
 leaves 3-4 in. lanceolate acuminate glabrous, racemes short dense clothed 
 with thick brown tomentum, flowers | in. diam., fruit unknown. 
 
 Khasia Mts , at Churra, alt. 4000 ft., Gomez, &c. 
 
 A bushy den!-e shrub. Leaves coriaceous, usually caudate-acuminate : nerves very 
 oblique, few, arched, reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole short, stout. Bacemes much 
 shorter than the leaves, sometimes corymbose. — A chain of very fine reticulate nerves 
 borders the leaf beneath, in which are often (not always) remote deeply impressed 
 points or glands. 
 
 5. K. candicans, Hook. f. ; branchlets slender and with the leaves 
 beneath clothed witli soft fine white cottony pubescence, leaves on young 
 shoots 1-2 in. oblong or orbicular on old 4-5 in. elliptic-oblong, carpels with 
 no intermediate ridge or wing. Flacourtiacea, Wall. Cat. 9020. 
 
 BiRMA ; banks below Yenangheum, Wallich; sandy woods in the Kivakdwong, above 
 Bamo, Griffith. 
 
 A very distinct species, apparently scandent or sarmentose ; the shoots with sm.ill 
 rounded leaves resemble the pinnate leaves of a Leguminous climber. Thi leaves are of 
 a very pale colour, rather shining on the upper surface, and all obtuse or apiculate ; 
 the nerves are indistinct. There are no flowers, and only imperfect fruits, which Are 
 pubescent. 
 
 excluded species. 
 
 Hiptage, Wall. Cat. 9029, from Herb. Heyne, is Terminalia paniculata. 
 
 3. ASFIDOPTHRYS, A. Juss. 
 
 Shrubs, usually climbing. Leaves opposite, eglandular, quite entire; 
 stipules 0. Flowers in simple or compound axillary and terminal panicles ; 
 peduncles bracteate, jointed at the top, pedicels often minutely 2-bracteo- 
 late. Flowers small, yellovsj or white. Calyx short, 5-partite, eglandular. 
 Petals 5, not clawed, spreading or reflexed, quite entire. iStameris 10, all 
 perfect, filaments connate or distinct at the base. Ovary 3-lobed, lobes 
 flattened at the back, sides winged ; styles 3, glabrous, stigmas capitate. 
 Fruit of 1-3 samaras; nucleus sometimes crested or winged at the back, and 
 
 £ e2 
 
4L'0 XXX. MALPiGHiACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Asjndojytcrys. 
 
 surrounded with a broad oblong or orbicular wing. Seeds oblong, subterete ; 
 embryo straiglit, cotyledons equal, radicle sliort.— Distkib. Species about 
 15 ; all tropical Asiatic. 
 
 * Leaves glabrous beneath^ or nearly so. 
 
 1. A. Roxburg'Iilana, A. Jnss. in Archiv. Mus. Hut. Nat. iii. 511 ; 
 wlioots usually glal)r()us, inflorescence nisty-tomentose, leaves ovate or 
 elliptic-ovate acuminate, midrib beneath glabrous or pubescent, ovary 
 hiiiry, samara linear-oblong, nucleus not doriially winged or keeled. 
 Hiraea indica, Roxb, Hort. Bmg. 90 ; Fl. Ind. \\. 448 ; Cor. IH. il IGO ; Wall. 
 ri. As. Rar. i. 13. Aspidopteris oxypbylla, A. Juss. Lc. 510. Hiraea oxy- 
 phylla, Wall. Cat. 7264 (a more slender form). 
 
 SiKKiM H1MAI.AYA, MisHMiand Kiiasu Mrs., alt. 1-5000 ft., Bikma^ Saluen river, 
 Wallich; Western Peninsula, Caknatic, Okissa, and Concan. 
 
 A slender climber. Leaves 3-4 in., variable in brc/idth, acute or rounded at the 
 base, unders'nfKce when very young sHj^htly pubcscfut, when old quite glabrous or 
 the centre only; pttiole ^-^ in., glabrous or pubescent. Panicles etliiso, nisty- 
 tiinientose. Flowers J in. diani. Fruit variable, much narrower in the Peninsular 
 than in the Bengal specimens.-;-! have given the Bombay habitat on the authority of 
 the Bombay Flora. 
 
 Var. 1. Samara 2 by 4 in. sides nearly parallel. — Western Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 2. Samara 1^-2 by ^-1 in. mure elliptic-oblong often narrowed either above 
 or below. A. jrlabriuscula, A. Juss. Ix. 511 ; Hirtea glabriuscula, Wall. Cat. p. 260, 
 6626 — Khasia Mts., Sikkim. 
 
 Var. 3. Leaves more rounded, samara H by ^-H in- — Assam. 
 
 .I«i8sicu describes the ovary of Var. 2 as glabrous, but it is clothed with deciduous 
 hairs, as in all the vars. Wallich's Assam specimen under this name is referable to 
 A. ntUans. 
 
 2. A. cozicava, A. Juss. in Archiv. Mus. Jli^t. Nat. iii. 509 ; shoots 
 glabrous, leaves ovate obtuse or obtusely-acuminate quite glabrous, buds 
 rusty -tomentose, samaras orbicular very membranous transparent very 
 concave, nucleus winged in the concavity. Hiraja concava, Wall. PI. As. 
 Bar. i. 13; Cat. I06L H. Merguensis, WiyhtJU. i 139. 
 
 Birma, at Martaban, Wallich; Texasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 1 have seen only imperfect epecimens, Wallich's are in young bud only ; GriflBth's 
 in old fruit. Leaves 3-4 in. ; petiole quite glabnxis. FruU on very long capillary 
 pedicels, 1-1^ in. diara., beautifully hyaline with radiating veins. — I do not observe the 
 plication of the leaves described by Jussieu, who suspected tlmt this was Blume's 
 elliptica; but that is described as having much larger samaras, with a dorsal crest 
 6-7 lines long. 
 
 3. A. canarensis, Dah. in Hook. Knv Journ. Bot. iii 37 ; glabrous 
 almost throughout, shoots stout woody, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate 
 obtu.'-ely acuminate, inflorescence reduced to axillary fascicles, ovary 
 glabrate, samara suborbicular very membranous, nucleus with a dorsal 
 wing. A. glomerata, Wight Ic. t. 1986. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Canara, Dalzell; Malabar and Mysore, Wight. 
 
 Branchlets tiexuous, hard, with furrowed bark. leaves 3-4 in., sometimes elliptic- 
 obovate, base acute or rounded, rather coriaceous, pale ; petiole ^ in. Pedicels slender, 
 4 in., glabrous, bracteolate towards the base, crowded on very sbort, simple or divided, 
 ])ube8ceut axillary pi-dui cles that are clothed with minute bracts. Flowers ^ in. 
 di.iui Samaras \\-\^n\.<i\B.in., margin even or lobed towards the apex. — A very re- 
 markable and distinct species. 
 
Aspidojjtcnjs.] xxx. MALPiGHiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 421 
 
 ** Leaves hairy tomentose or "pubescent beneath. 
 
 4. A. hirsuta,^. Jiws. in Archiv. Mus. Nat. Hist. iii. 512, t. 17 ; clothed 
 with long spreading flaccid hairs, leaves broadly obovate or oblong or 
 orbicular-obovate abruptly acuminate cordate at the very base, ovary 
 gl ibrous, samaras linear-oblong, nucleus without dorsal crest or wing. 
 Hiraea hirsuta, Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 13, t. 13 ; Cat. 1059. 
 
 BfRMA, on the Taong dong and the Prome Mts., Wallich. 
 
 Shoots very slender. Leaves 4-7 in., clothed on both surfaces with long soft hairs, 
 membranous ; petiole \ in. Inflorescence an open lax panicle, with regular opposite 
 spreading branches ; bracts at the base of the branches ^-f in., lanceolate ; branches 
 with many opposite bracteoles above the middle. Flowers I in. diara., subambellate, 
 glabrous, white. Samaras 14-2 by ^-f in., sides almost parallel. 
 
 5. A. cordata, A. Juss. in Archiv. Mus. Nat. Hist. iii. 513; shoots 
 inflorescence and leaves beneath clothed with white appressed tomentum, 
 leaves orbicular-cordate with a broad acumen, panicle effuse, ovary villous, 
 samaras orbicular or nearly so, nucleus not winged or keeled. Hiraea cor- 
 data, Hei/ne in Wall. Cat. lOCiO; Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 13. H. nutans, 
 Wall. Cat. 1058, 2. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Concan, Canara, and Mysore. 
 
 A slender climber. Leaves 5-8 in. diam., the younger ovate-cordate, all rather 
 abruptly terminated by a broad acuminate tip, opaque, and sometimes pubescent above ; 
 petiole 1-1 4 in- Inflorescence a lax pendulous panicle, sometimes rusty ; bracts at the 
 branches filiform or 0, pedicels very variable. Flowers ^ in. diam. Samaras pale, 
 1-1^ in. diam., sometimes slightly oblong. 
 
 6. A. nutans, Hookf. {not of A. Juss.) ; young shoots and inflorescence 
 tomentose, leaves ovate elliptic or orbicular with a broad based acumen 
 base not cordate silkily pubescent beneath, panicle effuse, ovary villous, 
 samaras oblong or suborbicular, nucleus not or rarely ridged or with a 
 small wing at the base. A. Roxburgh iana, A. Juss. in part. A. lanu- 
 ginosa, A. Juss. I.e. 512. Hiraea nutans, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 447 {not of 
 Wallich). H. indica, Wall. Cat. 1057 inpaH. H. lanuginosa. Wall. Cat. 1058. 
 ill part (a very villous-leaved form, from Nepal). 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich; Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 2000 ft., J.D.H.; Eastern Bengal, 
 Assam, and Chittagong, Roxburgh, &c. ; Birma, at Bhamo, T. Anderson. 
 
 Very similar to A. cordata, but usually less tomentose, leaves even larger, attaining 
 10 in. diam., with often rusty tomentum on the nerves and rather thin long hairs be- 
 tween them ; upper surface reticulate and rather shining ; petiole of the larger leaves 
 2 in. Samaras 1^ by 1 in,, usually oblong, sometimes almost orbicular. — Wallich says, 
 under his H. indica (Cat. 1057), " An plus mia species sub hac coufusa ;" and so it is, 
 from wanting fruit of any of his specimens ; five sheets thus named appertain to this 
 species, 
 
 Var. rotund folia; leaves more villous beneath, samara with a small dorsal wing or 
 crest. A. rotundifolia, A. Juss. I.e. 514 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 448. Hirtea orbiculata, 
 Roxb. Hort. Beng. 90 ; Wall. FL As. Rar. ii. 13. — Chittagong, Roxburgh. 
 
 7. A. Wallichii, llooh.f.; shoots slender, inflorescence and leaves be- 
 neath densely clothed with appressed more or less silky white tomentum, 
 leaves ovate acute or acuminate base subcordate, panicle graceful efiiise pen- 
 dulous, ovary densely hispid with long white deciduous hairs, samaras 
 orbicular-oblong, nucleus without crest or wing. A. nutans, A. Jt/s.<t. I.e. 
 513. Hiraea nutans, Wall. PL As. Par. i. 13 ; Cat. 1056, 1, not of Roxburgh. 
 H. lanuginosa, Wall. I.e. ; Cat. 1058 in part. 
 
4?'3 XXX. MALPiGHiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aspidoptcrys, 
 
 Westrrn Tropical Himalaya ; Garwhal and Kumaon, ascending to 4500 ft., 
 Govan, &c. 
 
 A tall climber; branches white. Leaves 4-7 in., base rounded, under.surface usually 
 snow-white and silky, upper glabrous; petiole rarely 4 in. Panicle sometimes a foot 
 long, white, lax, very graceful Flowers | in. diani. ; pedicels rather stout, bracteoles 
 most minute. ASamaras 1^-14 by 1-1^ in., variable in shape, sometimes narrowed at 
 one end or emarginate. — It is not clear to what plant Wallich meant the name 
 lanuginosa to apply ; he has in his Herbarium two under that name, and both num- 
 bered 1058; of these, one i'rom Govan, gathered, no doubt, in Kumaon, is identical 
 with his owji (not Roxburgh's) Hircea nutans; the other, from Nipal, has a rusty to- 
 meutose panicle, and is probably the true nutans of Roxburgh ; indeed he tickets it in 
 mss. " prox nutanti, lio.cb.^' As W'allich's and Jussieu's lanuginosa is certainly not 
 the very local and beautiful species here described, I have dedicated the latter 
 to Dr. Wallich. 
 
 DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 Imperfect specimen in young fruit of a plant from Poneshce in Birma, collected by 
 Dr. J. Anderson. Leaves orbicular, coriaceous, densely rusty toun-ntose beneath. 
 Unrijye samaras oblong, with a dorsally winged nucleus. — Perhaps A. tomentosa, Juss., 
 Java. 
 
 A Tenasserim or Andaman Island plant of Heifer, with orbicular leaves slightly cor- 
 date at the base, glabrous on both surfaces, except the costa beneath, which with the short 
 Eetioles shoots and inflorescence are clothed with dense rusty tomentum. , Samaras m<m- 
 ranous, orbicular, not concave, retuse at the top, nucleus with a prominent dorsal wing. 
 — Perhaps a form o'l A. concava, .Imss. 
 
 HiR.fiA FiNLAYsoNiANA, Wall. Cat. 7263, is a species of Kditris. 
 
 OitDKU XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLE-ffi. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S., 
 and J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Herbs or shrub.s, rarely trees, branches usually articulate. Jjeaves opposite 
 or .ilternate by suppression, stipulate, 2-3-foliolate or pinnate ; leaflets entire, 
 not punctate ; stijtules twin, ])ersistent, sometimes spiny. Pedundes ueually 
 1-2 in the axils of the stipules, ehracteate rarely 2-bracteate. Flowers her- 
 maphrodite, regular or irregular, white, red or yellow, very rarely blue. 
 Sejxfls 5, rarely 4, free or rarely connate at the base, imbricate, rarely val- 
 vate. petals 5-4, very rarely 0, hypogynous, tree, imbricate or contorted, 
 Tarely valvate. JJisA- convex or depressed, rarely annular or 0, without glands. 
 fSta7/ie)is equal to or double or rarely three times as many as the petals, 
 inserted at the base of the disk, often alternately longer, tho.se opposite to 
 tlie petals often connate at the base to the petals, filaments usually with a 
 scale at the base or middle; anthers versatile, opening longitudinally. 
 Ovary sessile or rarely sti[)itate on a short gynopliore, furrowed angled or 
 winged, 4-5- (rarely 2-1 2-) celled, cells very rarely with partial tran.sverse 
 septa, narrowing into a terminal angled or furrowed style ; stigma simple, 
 rarely discoid or stigmas 5 ; ovules 2 or more, rarely 1, usually filiform, 
 pendulous or ascending, raphe ventral with a superior micropyie. Fruit 
 never berried, coriaceous or crustaceous, either of 2-10 free or united often 
 spiny cocci, or capsular and septicidally dehiscent. ISeeds usually pendulous, 
 solitary, rarely twin or more, oblong or linear, the raphe adnate or free ; 
 testa membranous crustaceous or thick and mucous; albumen scanty rarely 
 ; embryo the length of the seed, green, straight or rarely curved, cotyledons 
 oblong or linear thick or foliaceous, radicle very short, straight, superior.— 
 
XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLEJE. (Ed^^eworth & Hooker.) 423 
 
 DisTRlB. Genera, about 17, with 100 species, chiefly tropical and sub- 
 tropical. 
 
 * ISeeds exalbuminous. 
 
 Petals entire. Stamens 10. Fruit of usually spiny cocci. Leaves 
 
 abruptly pinnate 1. Tribulus. 
 
 "** Seeds albuminous. 
 
 Petals 0. Stamens 5. Leaves 3-foliolate 2. Seetzenia. 
 
 Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Ovules axile, superposed. Leaves 
 
 1-2-foliolate 3. Zygophyllum. 
 
 Petals 5. Stamens 10. Ovules basal, collateral. Leaves 1-3- 
 
 foliolate 4. Fagonia. 
 
 (See Peganum in Rutacece.) 
 
 1. TZtZBUZ.VS, Linn. 
 
 Branching prostrate herbs, usually silky. Leaves stipulate, opposite, usually 
 unequal, abruptly pinnate. Flowers solitary, on pseudo-axillary peduncles, 
 white or yellow. Sepals 5, deciduous (or persistent) imbricate. Petals 5, 
 fugacious, patent, imbricate. Disk annular, 10-lobed ; stamens 10, inserted 
 on the base of the disk, 5 longer opposite to the petals, 5 shorter with a 
 little gland outside; filaments filiform, naked. Ovary sessile, hirsute, 
 5-12-lobed, 5-12-celled, cells opposite the petals ; style short, pyramidal or 
 filiform, stigmas 5-12; ovules superposed. Fruit 6-angled, of 5-12 winged 
 or spinous or tuberculate indebiscent cocci. Seeds obliquely pendulous, 
 testa membranous ; embryo without albumen, cotyledons ovate, radicle 
 short. — DiSTEiB. A cosmopolitan genus of about 15 species. 
 
 1. T. cistoides, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 703 ; perennial, flowers 1-2 in. 
 diam., peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, cocci 2-4-horned. 
 
 Bengal, near Calcutta, Edgeworth ; Western Peninsula, Madras, Shuter, &c. ; 
 Kilghiri Mts., Foulkes ; Tenasserim at Mergui, Wallich. — Uistrib. Throughout the 
 Tropics. 
 
 Bootstock stout ; branches 1-2 ft., procumbent or ascending, and leaves usually more 
 silky than in the following. Leaflets often 7-8 pairs, subequal ; stipules falcate, acumi- 
 nate. ASep«?s 5-^ in., acuminate, silky. Petals ohovaXQ. Sti gmaticlobes shovtev thf{n 
 the diameter of the style. Cocci tubercled and hairy, with usually 2 spines. Seeds 
 separated by transverse septa — Regarded as a large tiowered form of T. terrestris by 
 Oliver (Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 284). 
 
 .2. T. terrestris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 703 ; annual or biennial, flowers 
 ^-f in. diam., peduncles shorter than the leaves, cocci with 2 long and 2 
 short spines. Bah. d' Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 45. T. lanuginosus, Linn. ; DC. I.e. ; 
 W. (^ A. Prodr. 145 ; Wall. Cat 6854 ; Wight Lc. t. 98 ; III. i. 164 ; Boiss. FL 
 Orient, i. 902.— Burm. Fl. Zeyl. 265, t. 106, f. 1. 
 
 •Throughout India, ascending to 11,000 ft. in Western Tibet; northern part of 
 Ceylon. — Distkib. Throughout the warm regions of the globe. 
 
 Prostrate, hirsute or silky hairy ; branches 1-2 ft. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, subequal, mu- 
 cronate. Petals often not exceeding the calyx. Cocci very variable, glabrous or hairy, 
 mucronate, much as in T. cistoides. Stigmatic lobes longer than the diameter of the 
 style. 
 
 3. T. alatus, DelUe ; DC. Prodr. i. 703; annual, flowers \-\ in. diam., 
 peduncles shorter than the leaves, cocci broadly winged. — Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
 i. y02. 
 
424 xxxT. ZYGOPHYLLE^. (Edg-eworth & Hooker.) [Tribuhts. 
 
 SiNDH, Stocks, Vicar y ; Panjab, at Multan, Edgeicorth. — Distrib. Egypt, Arabia, 
 Nubia. 
 
 Hispid and villous ; branches procumbent or ascending. Leaflets 5 pairs, subacute ; 
 stipules ovate, acute. Petals about equalling the .sepals. Stamejis 5 or 10. Fruit 
 broadly pyramidal, somewhat pointed ; cocci hirsute, 2-seeded, the spines confluent 
 iiito toothed wings. — Fruit slightly bitter, eaten by the desert nomads in Multan. 
 
 2. SEETZENXA, Br. 
 
 A small prostrate glaucous herb, woody at the base, glabrous or woolly. 
 Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, apiculate. Peduncles axillary, 
 1-flowered. Flowers small. Sepals 5, linear-oblong, valvate, incurved at 
 the top. Petcds 0. Di^k small, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted on the disk, 
 filaments filiform glabrous naked at the base ; anthers nearly globose. 
 Ovary oblong-clavate, sessile, pentagonal, truncate, fleshy, 5-celled ; styles 
 5, short, spreading, stigmas small capitate ; ovules solitary in each cell, 
 pendulous. Fruit ovoid, of 5 1 -seeded cocci, separating from the persistent 
 axis, with a narrow sucpulent exocarf) on the back only, endocarp crus- 
 taceous. Seech oval, compressed, testa thick with three skins, the outer 
 membranous, the middle one cellular and mucous, the inner coriaceous, 
 albumen thin ; cotyledons thickish. 
 
 I. S. orientalls, Daie. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, iii. 280, t. 7 ; Boiss. Fl. 
 Orient, i. 916. 
 
 SiNDH, Stocks, Vicary, — Distrib. Arabia, N. and S. Africa. 
 
 Branches long and slender, smooth cr papillose. Leaflets tleshy, \-\ in. long, middle 
 one obovate-cuntate, lateral oblitiiie ; stipules tiiaii'^uiar. Ptdunde ^ i in., more or 
 less recurved at the tip, longer than the petiole. Fruit ellipsoid, ovoid or subglobose, 
 \-^ in. long, pendulous. Seeds fusiform, smooth. 
 
 3. ZVGOFKVZ.Z.UBI. Linn. 
 
 Small shrubs or prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, 1- or 2-f()liolate, fleshy ; 
 stipules 2, often spiny. Peduncles 1- or 2-fl()wered, among the stipules. 
 Flower white, or yellow with red or purple spots at the base. Calyx 
 4-5-partite, persistent or deciduous, imbricate. Petals 4-5. clawed, imbri- 
 cate and contorted. J)v<k fleshy, angled, cup-shaped or concave. Stameus 
 8-10, inserted on the disk, longer than the petals, filaments filiform with a 
 scale at the base ; anthers oblong. Ovary sessile upon the disk, 4-5-cornered, 
 4-5- (rarely 2-3-) celled, tapering into an angled style, stigma small ; ovules 
 2-00, superposed, raphe free or adnate. Fruit capsular, 4-5-cornered or 
 winged, mdehiscent or septicidally dehiscent into 5 cocci, or loculicidally 
 5-valved, the endocarp sometimes separating. Seeds 1 or many in each cell, 
 pendulous, testa crustaceous, albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong.— Distrib. 
 Upwards of 50 species, natives of the Old World, and chiefly Cape and 
 Australian. 
 
 1. Z. simplex, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 705; annual, leaves simple cylin- 
 dric. — Jhiss. Fl. Orient, i. 912. 
 
 Sandy deserts; Sindh, Stocks, vicary; Panjab, at MxAiaxi, Edgeworth. — Distrjb. 
 Arabia, tropical Africa. 
 
 A prostrate glabrous slender much branched herb. Leaves small, sessile, fleshy, 
 obtuse ; stipules lanceolate, acute. Peduncle as long as the obovate cucullate sepals. 
 Petals ppathulate. Scales 2-pariite. Capsule deflexed, turbiuate, rough, of 5- com- 
 
Zygophijllum.] xxxi. zygophylle^. (Edg-eworth & Hooker.) 425 
 
 pressed 2 -3-seeded cocci. Seeds fusiform, smooth. — The seeds are swept up by the 
 nomad tribes of the Multan desert, and eaten under the name of Alathi. 
 
 2. Z. coccineum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 706; perennial, leaves 2-f olio- 
 late. Boiss. Ft. Orient, i. 915. 
 
 Kocky ground in Sindh, Stoclcs, Vicary. — Distrib. Syria, Arabia, Egypt. 
 
 Stem shrubby below, with erect or ascending boary at length glabrous branches. 
 Leaven petioled; leaflets terete, grooved or semiterete, minutely powdery ; stipules tri- 
 angular, scarious. Peduncle equalling the petiole. Sepals ovate, cucuUate, fleshy, 
 sborter tban the spathulate wbite undulate petals. Scales lanceolate, entire or torn. 
 Capsule erect, gronved, cylindiic-ovoid, truncate. Seeds small, ovoid, tubercled, acute, 
 compressed. — The flowers" open in the middle of the day. 
 
 4. FAGONIA, Linn. 
 
 Branching woody herbs. Leaves opposite, 1-3-foliolate, entire, miicronate ; 
 stipules usually spiny. Peduncle solitary from between the stipules. Sepals 
 5, deciduous, imbricate. Pekds 5, closed, caducous, imbricate. Disk short, 
 inconspicuous. Stamens 10, inserted on the disk, filkments filiform, naked ; 
 anthers oblong. Ovary sessile, 5-cornered, 5-celled, tapering into a subulate 
 style, stigma simple ; ovules 2, collateral at the base of each cell, pendulous 
 from ascending funicles. Fruit 5-cornered, of 5 1-seeded cocci which 
 dehisce along the ventral suture and separate from a horny endocarp. Seeds 
 erect, compressed, broadly oblong, testa mucilaginous, albumen horny ; 
 cotyledons broad, flat, ovate. — Distrib. Species variously estimated from 
 2 or 3 to 30, being very variable and difficult to define. 
 
 1. r. arabica, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 704; glandular, young branches 
 terete striate, spines exceeding the linear leaflets. Boiss. Ft. Orient, i. 907. 
 F. mysorensis, Roth.; DC. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 6853; W. (h A. Prodr. 145; 
 Dah. (& Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 45 ; Wight III. i. t. 64. F. cretica var. arabica, 
 2\ A^iders. in J own. Linn. Soc. v. Sujjpl. i. 12 ; Oliver Fl. Trap. Afric. i. 287. 
 
 Throughout North Western India, Sindh, the Panjab, and the southern provinces 
 of the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Westward to Egypt. 
 
 A small green spiny nndershrub, with erect branches, more or less glandular. 
 Leaves 1-3-foliolate; leaflets elliptic or li.ear, acute; petiole often fohaceous. 
 Flowers small, pale rose-coloured. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, half as long as the petals. 
 Capsule pubescent, about as long as the recurved peduncle. Seeds punctulate. 
 
 2. r. Brug-uieri, DC. Prodr. i. 704 ; glandular, young branches subte- 
 tragonous sides grooved, spines exceeding the ovate rather fleshy leaflets. 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 905. F. Echinella, Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1, viii. 123. 
 F. cretica var. T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. SujjjjI. i. 12. 
 
 North- West India ; Peshawur, Herb. Falconer, Stewart ; Chandnist, Edgeworth.— 
 Distrib. Westward to Algeria. 
 
 Similar to F. arabica, and like it referable by many authors to a variety of i^. cretica. 
 Liternodes short; branches procumbent. Lower leaves 3-foliolate, the rest 1-foliolate; 
 leaflets minute.— The form distinguished as Echinella by Boissier, has crowded decus- 
 sate branches, and very short leaves. 
 
 EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 Fagonia MONTANA, Miq. ; see Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 596, is Monetia tetracantha. 
 
426 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 
 
 Order XXXTT. GBKANIACHJE. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S., 
 and J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely trees ; glabrous or more usually pubescent • 
 and glandular. Leaves opposite or alternate, usually 2-stipulate. Fedimcles 
 usually solitary and axillary, 1- or more-flowered. Flowers umbelled 
 cymose or racemose, usually showy, hermaphrodite, regular or irregular. 
 iSqxds 6, rarely 4 or 2, free or united to the middle, imbricate or rarely val- 
 vate, the posticous sometimes spurred. Petals as many as the sepals or 
 fewer by suppression, or 0, hypogynous or subperigynous, variously imbri- 
 cated, rarely contorted. Torus scarcely expanded into a disk with 5 glands 
 alternating with the petals, or without glands, raised in the centre into a 
 beak, rarely flat. iStaniens as many as or double or treble the sepals, or fewer 
 by su[)pression ; filaments filiform ordilated, or connate into a ring ; anthers 
 2-celled, cells parallel, opening lengthwise. Ovari/ 3-5-lobed, 3-5-celle(l, 
 rarely 2-lobed, of 3-5 carpels united with the axis as far as the insertion of 
 the ovules, sometimes lengthened into a beak-bearing style, or styles which 
 are free or more or less united, stigmas capitate linear or ligulate ; ovules 
 1 or 2 or rarely more, horizontal or pendulous or ascending. Fruit capsular, 
 3-5-lobed, lobes 1-seeded otten senarating Irom tlie axis septicidal or locu- 
 licidal rarely berried. Seeds pencluhms or horizontal, albumen or scanty 
 or fleshy • embryo straigiit or curved, cotyledons flat convex or variously 
 folded foliaceous or thick or fleshy, radicle either short and near the hilum 
 or longer and inflected or incumbent on the cotyledcms. — Distrib. Genera 
 20, with about bOO species, chieHy found in temperate climates. 
 
 Besides the genera described below, Pelargonium (the garden so called Oeraninm) 
 is cultivated throughout India, and one species of Natal (P. grossularioides, />6'. ,• 
 Eroditim nilagirinnn, Schlecht. PI Ind. Or. erstcc. 1560\ is naturalized in the Nil- 
 ghiris. The genus is distinguishf-d by the posticous sepal being produced into a spur 
 which is adnate to the pedicel and by some of the filaments being antherless. 
 
 Tribe 1. G-eranieee. Leaves simple or compound. Floivers regular or 
 nearly so. ISrpals imbricate. Glands alternate with the petals. Antlieri- 
 ferous stamens as many or double or treble the number of petals. 
 
 Carpels indeliisccnt ; not beaked. Ovules solitary. 
 
 Stamens 10, all perfect 1. Biebersteinia. 
 
 Carpels beaked, dehiscent. Ovules geminate. 
 
 Perfect stamens l.'S, pcntadelphous 2, Monsonia. 
 
 Perfect stamens 10, rarely fewer 3. Gkranium. 
 
 Perfect stamens 5, stamiuodes 5 4. Ekodium. 
 
 Tribe 2. Ozalidees. I^eaves compound. Flowers regular. Sepals imbri- 
 cate. Glands 0. Stiyrnas capitate. Ovules 2 or more. 
 
 * Herhs. Fruit capsular. 
 
 Stamens 10. Capsule lociUicidal, valves cohering with the axis. 
 
 Leaves 3-» -foliate . . ' 5. Oxalis. 
 
 Stamens 10. Capsule loculicidal, valves usually separating from 
 
 the alis to the base. Leaves pinnate 6. Biophytum. 
 
 ** Trees or shrubs. Fruit berried. 
 
 Stamens 10, ,or 5 and 5 staminodes. Ovules many. Leaves 
 
 pinnate 6.* Averrhoa. 
 
 Stamens 10. Ovules in pairs. Leaves 1-3-foliolate 7. Connabopsis. 
 
XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edf^eworth & Hook, f.) 427 
 
 Tribe 3. Balsaxnineae. Leaves simple. Flowers irregular. Sepals 
 usually coloured, the posticous spurred. Stamens 5, very short. Antliers 
 subconnate. 
 
 Lateral petals connate in pairs. Fruit capsular 8. Impatiens. 
 
 Lateral petals free. Drupe fleshy 9. Hydrocera. 
 
 1. BISBERSTBXNZA, Stephan. 
 
 Perennial glandular herbs. Leaves stipulate, pinnatisect. Flowers regu- 
 lar, racemose or panicled. Sejmls 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynoas, 
 imbricate, alternating with 5 glands. Stamens 10, all bearing anthers, fila- 
 ments united into a ring at the base. Ovary deeply 5-l(»bed, 5-celled ; styles 
 distinct, arising from the bases of the lobes, connate into a capitate stigma ; 
 ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous from below the top of the cell. Ripe 
 carpels separating from a persistent 5-l()bed axis, indehiscent, crustaceons, 
 wrinkled. Seeds incurved on one side of the fleshy albumen ; embryo 
 arched, cotyledons thick. — Distrib. Several species, natives of Asia, Siberia, 
 Greece, the Altai Mountains, and Tibet. 
 
 1. B. emodl, Jaub. d- Sjmch. HI. PI. Or. ii. 109; leaves pinnatisect 
 lobes pinnatifid, stipules adnate laciniate, bracts oblong or obovate lobed, 
 petals entire. B. odora, Poyle III. 153, t. 30, not of Step/tan. 
 
 Alpine Western Tibet and Kunawar alt. 14-17,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. 
 
 Glandular-pubescent. Rootstocks densely tufted, branched, tuberous, giving off crowns 
 of leaves and short simple flowering stems a few inches high. Leaves linear, with 
 many pairs of small broad irregularly lobed leaflets ; stem leaves small. Flowers 
 racemose, ^ in. diam., yellow ; pedicels equalling the calyx, 2-bracteolate. Sepaht 
 elliptic-oblong, pubescent. PefaZs nearly orbicular. Filaments hany . Styles slander. 
 — The aspect, and in many respects the structure, of this plant is singularly Rosaceous, 
 and like a Fotentilla. 
 
 2. BIONSONIA, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate. Peduncles 
 axillary, bracteate. Flowers solitary or umbelled. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 
 5, hypogynous, imbricate, alternate with 5 small glands. Stamens 15, all 
 bearing anthers, shortly moiiadelphous, 5 of them opposite the petals. 
 Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, beaked ; beak ending in the style, bearing 5 linear 
 branches inwardly stigmatose ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Capsule 
 with a very long beak of 5 l-seerled carpels ; carpels with 5 elastic tails 
 which are bearded on the inner side, and separate from the beak. Seeds 
 exalbuminous ; embryo incumbent on the convolutely folded cotyledons. — 
 Distrib. South Africa; genera of about a dozen species, besides 4 or 5 
 North African species and the present. 
 
 1. nx. seneg-alensls, Guill. d- Perr. Fl. Senegamh. i. 131 ; viscid, leaves 
 ovate or cordate, peduncles rarely 2-liowered, beak of carpels very long 
 setose on the inner face. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 898. M. Lawiana, Stocks in 
 Calcutta Joiirn. Nat. Hist. vii. 19. M. Chumbalensis, Wight Ic. in text 
 t. 1074. Erodium Chumbalense, Miinro in text Wight Ic. t. 1074. ? Gera- 
 nium Lawianum, Graham Cat. Bomb. PL Siip2^lemental 2JCLye. 
 
 SisvH, Stocks; Upper Ganuetic plain near Agra, Munro ; the Dekk ax, common 
 in dry pastures, Gibson, &c. — Distrib. Beluchistan, Arabia, aud westwards to ISene- 
 gambia and Naniaciualaud. 
 
428 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [3Io?isonia. 
 
 A diffuse annual herb or undershrub ; branches pubescent and glandular. Leaves 
 I-I4 in., long-petioled, obtuse or mucronate, rejKxnd-toothed, glabrate above, pilose and 
 pubescent beneath ; stipules subulate. Peduncles long, sharply deflexed at the brac- 
 teoles. Sepals obovate, awned, densely pubescent with long hairs. Petals violet or 
 pink, 3-veiiied, crumpled, scarcely exceeding the sepals. Filaments ciliate. Carpels 
 acute, stipitate, obliquely truncate with 2-3 wrinkles at the top, roughly hairy ; 
 beak 3 in. 
 
 2. BI. heliotropioides, Cav. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 897 ; annual or 
 perennial, leaves petioletl ovate ovate-cordate or rhomboid minutely toothed, 
 sometimes obscvirely lobed hoary above villous beneath, petiole and scape 
 clothed with very long wJiite deciduous hairs, sepals silky or hoary 
 mucronate. M. mallica, Edyw. in Jour. Linn. Soc. vi. 200. 
 
 Panjab ; Moultan, Edgeworth ; beyond the Indus in Waziristan, Stewart; Sindii, in 
 the Hill range, Vkury. — Distrib. Westwards to Egypt. 
 
 A small white annual herb, or with a well-developed woody rootstock. Leaves 
 4-1 in. long, chiefly radical, very variable in shape, coriaceous, densely silky an I 
 villous beneath ; petiole longer than the blade. Scapes 2-8 in , erect, slender. 
 Flowers \-^ in. diani., umbelled. Sejmls oblong, at length obovate and enlarged in 
 fruit. Petals obovate-spathulate, not exceeding the sepals. Stamens 15, slightly 
 o-adelphous at the base. Fruit 3 in. ; carpels narrow, stipitate, hairy, keeled, with two 
 transverse wrinkles at the top. — The Indian specimens are usually but not always 
 aimual, anil never so large as the Persian and Arabian specimens. The structure of 
 the fruit is identical with that of Frodium siipaceum, but the stamens are very 
 diiferent. 
 
 3. GERANZUBI, Linn. 
 
 Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate. Peduncles 
 axillary, bracteate, 1-2-flowered, or pedicels umbelled. Flowers regidar. 
 S<'pah 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbricate, alternating with 5 
 glands. Stamens 10, usually all anther-bearing, rarely 5 without anthers, 
 free or shortly monodelphous. Omry 5-lobed, 5-celled, beaked ; styles 5, 
 stigmatose longitudinally, ovules superposed. Capsule 5- lobed, 5-celled, 
 cells 1 -seeded, carpels usually dehiscent ventrally, often se[)arating septi- 
 fragally from the axis, their beaks elastically coiling upwards from the 
 base to the apex of tlie axis. Senls with scmty albumen or ; embryo 
 with the cotyleilons indu])licate or convolute incumbent. — DiSTRiB. Species 
 about 100, natives chiefly of cold temperate regions in the Northern 
 Hemisphere ; they are very difficult of discrimination. 
 
 Sect. 1. — Peduncles axillary and terminal, solitary, 2-flowered. Flower- 
 huds oblong or ovoid, not pyramidal. Sepals not dilated or subcordate at 
 the base. Carpels, with their beaks separating elastically from the axis, 
 not wrinkled. — Kootstock stout, perennial. 
 
 * Flowers large, an inch or upwards in diameter. 
 
 t Petals rejlexed. 
 
 1. G. refractum, Edrjew. & Hooh.f.; tall, stout, branched, glandular- 
 hairy, leaves 5-7 partite segments obtuse deeply lobed and cut, stipules 
 large, bracts linear very slender, sepals shortly awned, petals reflected, 
 filaments nearly glabrous. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya; Tungu, alt. 12-13,000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 Stems 2-4 feet, erect. Leaves 3 in. diam , shortly pubescent on both surfaces; 
 lower petioles long; stipules ^ in., broadly oblimg, ovate or obtuse. Peduncle and re- 
 fracted pedicels long, clothed with spreading hairs. Sepals ^ in., membranous, glan- 
 
Geranium.] xxxil. geraniace^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 429 
 
 dular-hairy, marc;ins broad, awn stout. Petals twice as long as the sepals, linear- 
 oblong, obtuse, white, 5-nerved, villous on each side at the base. Filamenia gradually 
 narrowed upwards. Ovary tomentose. Fruit not seen. — A very curious species, allied 
 to the N. American O. Bichardsoni. 
 
 ft Petals spreading. 
 
 2. G. pratense, Linn. ; DO. Prodr. i. 641 ; stout, erect, branched, 
 hairs spreading, leaves orbicular 7-9-partite segments acute incised, stipules 
 subulate-lanceolate, pedicels glandular-hairy, sepals long-awned, bracts 
 subulate, filaments ciliate. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 877. G. himalayense, 
 KLotzsch in Eeise Prim. Waldem. 116, t. 122; Wal}). Ann. vii. 485. 
 
 Western temperate Himalaya ; Kashmir, Falconer ; Kulhara in Garwhal, alt. 
 10,500 ft., Strack. & Winter. ; Piti, alt. 7-8000 ft., T. Thomson ; Western Tibet ; 
 Sakh river, alt. 14,000 ft., Strach. & Winter. — Distrib. N. Asia, and westwards to 
 Europe. , 
 
 Stem 2-4 ft. high, usually stout, hairs on branches and petioles often reflexed. 
 Leaves 2-3 in. diam., variously cut ; stipules usually small. Peduncles and refracted 
 pedicels densely hairy and glandular; bracts small and slender. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., 
 blue-purple. Petals entire or notched, ciliate at the base. Filaments gradually nar- 
 rowed upwards. Carpels glandular-hairy. Seeds reticulate. 
 
 3. G. rectum, Trautv.; Walp. Ann. vii. 485 ; very slender, tall, sub- 
 simple, sparingly leafy and hairy, leaves opposite 5-angled 7-lobed to belovsr 
 the middle membranous segments rhomboid acute and acutely incised, 
 stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles, very long and slenderly appressed- 
 pubescent, bracts subulate, sepals long awned, filaments ciliate. 
 
 Kashmir, Falconer ; in Baltal, T Thomson. — Distrib. Soongaria. 
 
 Stem 2 feet, very slender, apparently ribbed, almost glabrous. Leaves 3-4 in. diam., 
 membranous, sparingly pilose on both surfaces, radical petioles very long and slender. 
 Peduncles sometimes 8 in. ; pedicels very variable ; bracts subulate. Flower 1^ in. 
 diam. Sepals membranous, glabrate, narrow-oblong with a stout awn. Petals obovate, 
 reiuse, ciliate at the very base. Filaments gradually nairowed upwards. Carpels (not 
 seen in Indian specimens) smooth, appressed-pubescent. Seeds smooth. — Siberian 
 (AlatauMts.) specimens are described as having erect fruiting peduncles and presenting 
 two varieties, one glabrous, the other villous with whit^ hairs. It differs from O. 
 nodosum in the stems not being swollen at the nodes and in the entire petals. Fal- 
 coner's is a single rather doubtful specimen, mixed with G. Wallichianum. 
 
 4. G. aconitlfolium, VHerit; DO. Prodr. i. 642; very slender, 
 sparingly pubescent, much branched, leaves deeply 3-9-partite segments 
 acute deeply laciniate or pinnatifid upper sessile, stipules small subulate, 
 pedicels and long-awned sepals usually glandular hairy, filaments ciliate. 
 
 Western Tibet, Falconer {Kew Distrib. 328).— Distrib. Alps of Switzerland and 
 N. Italy. 
 
 Stems slender, 1-2 ft., very sparingly hairy. Leaves 2-2^ in. diam. ; segments nar- 
 row, acute or obtuse ; upper leaves sessile with the radiating lobes giving a peculiar 
 appearance to the plant. Peduncles vavvahh in length, pedicels usually clothed with 
 spreading glandular hairs, but sometimes merely pube.-cent ; bracts subulate, very 
 slender. Flowers smaller than in the other species of this group, 1-1^ in. diam. 
 Sepals rather broad. Petals obovate, rounded at the tip, glabrous. Filaments suddenly 
 dilated at the base. Fruit 1 in., nearly glabrous. Seeds smooth, opaque. — Apparently 
 the same as the European species, in which the peduncles and pedicel and calyx are 
 eglandular, which is rarely the case in the Tibetan specimens. 
 
 5. G-. ooUlnum, M. Bieh. ; DO. Prodr. i. 642 ; stem usually short hoary 
 or glandular pubescent, leaves orbicular 5-7-lobed to below the middle 
 
430 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Geranium. 
 
 segments cuneate obtusely 3-5-1 obed, stipules small ovate acute, pedicels 
 appressed-pubescent or glandular-hairy, sepals shortly awned, filaments 
 ciliate at the base. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 874. G. multifidum, Don Frodr. 207. 
 G. Donianum, Wall. Cat. 8565 ; Sweet Geran. suO tab. 338. 
 
 Western Tibet, Zanskar, Piti, and Kunawer, alt. 12-14,000 ft, Jacquomont, &c.; 
 Kashmir, Falconer; Nipal, Wallich; Gakwhal, 9-11,000 h., Echjeicorth ; inner 
 vallevs of Sjkkim Himalaya, /. IJ. H — Distkib. Affglianistan, Siberia, S. Russia. 
 
 In its common Tibetan form this is a short hoary-pubescent or gkmlular species, with 
 many subsimple flowering stems, 6-10 in. higli, orbicuhir (not angled) leaves, with 
 obtusely cut often slender lobes, slender peduncles and pedicels, and large flowers. 
 — Affglianistan specimens are taller, more slender, and branched. 
 
 6 G*. ?palustre, Linn.; DC. Frodr. i. 642; rather tall, imbescent or 
 hairy, leaves pentagonal palmately 5-lobed lobes rhomboid acute pen- 
 natitidly incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles long glandular- 
 hairy, sepals awned, i)etals obovate rounded at the tip. Foiss. Fl. Orient, i, 
 874. G. grandiflorum, Fdgetv. in Trans. Linn. JSoc. xx. 42. 
 
 Kashmir, Falconer; Kumaon, at Mana, alt. 9-11,000 ft., Edgeworth. — Distrib. 
 Siberia, Caucasus, Mid. and N. Europe. 
 
 Very similar to large states of Q. collimim, but the flowers are larger, nearly 2 in. 
 diam., and leaves pentagonal in outline from their segmeuts being more produced. 
 The identification with G.palustre is doubtful. 
 
 7. G. Walllchianum, Sweet Geran. t. 90 ; DC. Frodr. i. 641 ; tall, 
 robust, much branched, leaves 6-gonal deeply 3-5-lobed segments rlioniboia 
 acuminate incised, stipules very large broadly oblong or almost rounded 
 obtuse, bracts large, pedicels long, sepals long-awned, ti laments ciliate at 
 the base. Wight Ic. t. 324; Wall. Cat. 8558; Don Frodr. 208. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-11,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Rlani, Fleming. 
 
 ]^Iore or less pilose or villous with B[)rcading or rellexed hairs, which are rarely glan- 
 dular. Leaves 3-4 in. broad, segments acutely cut; stipules ^-1 in. long, very broad. 
 Bracts usually 4, linear-oblong, i in. long, obtuse, acute or acuminate. Flowers l{-2 in. 
 diam. Pttnls obovate, retuse. Filaments suddenly dilated at the base. Carpels 
 pilose. Seeds smooth. — The very large solitary stipules best distinguish this species. 
 
 8. G. Grevllleanum, Wall. Cat. 8559; Fl. As. Far. iii. t. 209* robust 
 or slender, hairy and glandular, branched, leaves 5-gonal 5-7-lobed below 
 the middle segments rhomboid acute or acuminate incised, stipules 2-lid or 
 in pairs ovate acuminate, pedicels long slender, sepals long-awned, filaments 
 villous with long hairs. G. eriostemon, Don Frodr. 208, 7iot of Fisclwr. 
 ? G. Lamberti, Suoeet Geran. X. 338 G. Backhousianum, Regel. DescHpU 
 Flfini. N'^v. 1873, 32. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 8-11,000 ft . from Kumaon to Sikkim. 
 
 A tall branched species, resembling G. Wallichianum, but distinguished by the bifid 
 or bipartite stipules and very villous filaments ; it varies much in pubescence and 
 glandular often reflexed hairs, being sometimes almost villous or velvety. Feduncles 
 and pedicels slender, clothed with spreading glandular hairs ; bracts linear, slender. 
 Flowers 1-1 4 ill. diam. Petals obovate, tip rounded or retuse, hairy at the base, rose- 
 coloured, or very pale with a purplish eye (in Sikkim specimens). Filaments gradually 
 narrowed upwards. Carpels pilose. Sei:ds smooth. 
 
 ** Flowers less than an inch in diameter (see also 14, G. rotundifolium). 
 
 9. G. nepalenBe, Sweet Geran, t. 12 ; slender, diffuse, much branched, 
 hairy or villous, eglandular, leaves 5-gonal deejjly 3-5-lobed or -partite 
 up]»er sessile segments rhomboid incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate, 
 peduncles slender 1-2-fid, sepals shortly awned almost equalling the entire 
 
Geranium.] xxxii. geraniace^. (Edg-eworth & Hook, f.) 431 
 
 petals. Bon Prodr. 208. G. radicans, DC. Prodr. i. 639. '. G. pallidum and 
 G. i)atens, Royle Herb. ; Wall Cat 8560, 8561. G. affiiie, W. & A. Prodr. 133 
 {not of Ledebom) Wight III. i. 153, t. 59 {colour ofjiower wrong ?). G. Arnot- 
 tianum, Steud. Nomen. 677. 
 
 Throughout the Temperate Himalayas, alt. 5-9000 ft. ; the Kiiasia, Nilghiri and 
 Pui.NEY Mts., and in the higher parts of Ceylon. — Distrib. Yunan. 
 
 Branches sometimes rooting {G. radicans, l^C), more or less clothed with spreading 
 or reflexed hairs. Leaves 1^-2^ in. diam,, opposite, spreading. Peduncles usually 
 slender, sometimes 1-flovvered, very variable in length, spreading, reflexed after flower- 
 ing. Flowers ^-| in. diam., pink or purple. Sepals usually silky. Carpels hairy. 
 Seeds shining, smooth. — W^e find no difference between the Himalayan and Peninsular 
 specimens. The Javanese G. ardjunense, ZolL, may, from the description, prove to 
 be this. 
 
 10. G-. sibiricuxn, Linn. ; DC Prodr. i. 639 ; prostrate, slender, 
 excessively branched, hoary, leaves 5-gonal 5-partite segments rhomboid 
 acute acutely incised, stipules subulate, peduncles slender 1-2-flowered, 
 sepals long-awned, equalling or exceeding the notched petals. Poiss. Fl. 
 Orient, i. 879. 
 
 Western Tibet, Nubra and Ladak, alt. 10-12,000 ft. Thomson. — Distrib. Siberia, 
 Dahuria, Caucasus, Germany. 
 
 Very similar at first sight to G. nepalense, but more flaccid and branched, with the 
 upper leaves all petioled, and shorter notched petals. — Thomson's specimens are the 
 only Indian ones we have seen. 
 
 Sect. 2. Pedicels crowded amongst the uppermost leaves, subumbellate. 
 Floiver-buds ovoid or (jblong, not pyramidal. Carpels wrinkled, becoming 
 detached from their beaks which coil upwards elastically. — Rootstock stout, 
 perennial. 
 
 11. G-. polyanthes, Edgew. & Hook./.; sparingly hairy, slender, 
 flowering-stems naked below, leaves orbicular-reniform 7-9-partite or 
 lobed segments cuneate obtuse 3-7 -fid, pedicels short, sepals shortly 
 awned, filaments ciliate. Wall. Cat. 8564. G. Donianum, Herb. Ind. Or. 
 
 E.f.&T. not of Sweet. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, Kumaon, Blinhworth; Inner valleys of Sikkim, alt. 9-12,000 
 ft., in grassy places, /. D. Hooker. 
 
 A very singular species, with subsimple stems 6-10 in. high, bearing clusters of 
 flowers auKmgst the uppermost involucre-like leaves. Flowering- stems simple or umbel- 
 lately branched about the middle. Leaves 1^-2 in. diam., more or less pilose; petiole 
 of radical very long, xipper sessile and crowded under the pedicels ; stipules variable, 
 ovate acuminate or subulate-lanceolate. Umbels 3-10-flowered; pedicels |— 1 in., glan- 
 dular-hairy, as are the sepals Jt'loivers 4-f in. diam., dark-purple Fruit erect, 1 in. 
 long. Carpels laterally compressed, keeled, strongly reticulate, glabrous ; beaks slender ; 
 styles very short. Seeds smooth. 
 
 Sect. 3. Peduncles 2- or more-flowered, crowded. Flower-buds ovoid or 
 oblong, not pyramidal. Carpels smooth, their beaks remaining attached to 
 the axis (not always in G. rotundifoliurn). 
 
 * Rootstoch perennial, flowers large. 
 
 12. G. Tuberarla, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 23, t 37; slender, erect, 
 hairy and glandular, leaves orbicular-reniform 5-7-partite, segments pinna- 
 tifid, petiole very slender, peduncles 2-flowered terminal umbelled or 
 fascicled very hairy and glandular, sepals obtuse awned or apiculate very 
 hairy, petals retuse, filaments ciliate with very lung hairs. Walp. Rep, 
 449. 
 
432 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (Edg'Gworth & Hook, f.) [Geranhm. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalayas, Kashmir, Jacquemont ; Kishtwar, alt. 8000 ft., 
 T. Thomson. 
 
 Bootstock tuherous. Floicerivg stems 12-\8 m. high, slender, simple or subumbel- 
 lately branched. Leaves 1^-3 in. diam.. segments very spreading, radical on very long 
 slender petioles; stipules variable. Jvjiorcscence subiimbelled, with an involucre of 
 shortly petioled leaves : peduncles and pedicels erect, clothed with long spreading glan- 
 dular hairs ; bracts leafy, pinnatitid. Flowers 1 in. diam. SejiaU elliptic, sniall, 
 obtuse, apiculate, narrowly margined. Petals large, obcordate, ciliate at the very 
 base. Filaments very slender throughout their length. Fruit \\-\^ in., erect, hairy ; 
 carpels not wrinkled ; styles very short. Steds smooth. — There is no trace of the beaks 
 being separable from the axis, though the valves are removable. —A very curious 
 tpecies. 
 
 ♦* 
 
 AnmiaJ, flowers smally in axilla?'// pedimcle.% fruitmg jjedicels dejiexed. 
 
 13. G. pusilluxn, Linn. • DC. Prodr. i. 642 ; prostrate, very slender, 
 much braiiclied, pube.scent, leaves reniform-orbicular deeply 5-9-lobed or 
 partite segments cuneate 3-lobed, petals obcordate scarcely exceeding 
 the mucronate sepals, carpels smootli, seeds smooth. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
 i. 881. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya; Kashmir, Falconer; Kishtwar, alt. 8000 ft., 
 /. Thomson. — Distkjb. Syria and throughout Europe. 
 
 Very slender and much branched, leafy, slightly glandular above. Lfares 4-1 in. 
 diam; siipules short. Floirers \ in. diam., bluc-i)»irple, very small. Petals and Fila- 
 ments ciliate at the base. Fruit ^ in, long. Carpels smooth, hairy. Seeds very minutely 
 granulate. 
 
 14. O. rotundlfolium, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 643; suberect with very 
 slender s^jreuding branches, glandular-hairy, leaves reniforni 7-tid seg- 
 ments broad obtusely lobulate, i)etals cuneate entire exceeding the calyx, 
 carpels smooth, seeds deei>ly pitted. Po'isi<. Fl. Orient i. 880. G. poten- 
 tilloides, Klotzschin Reise Pr. Waldem. \1\\ t. 17. 
 
 Pan JAB at Peshawar, Vicary ; and Hooshiarpore, Aitcheson; Western Tkmperate 
 Himalaya, alt. 6 9000 ft.; Kashmir, Falconer; .Tamu, Thomson; GarwhaJ, alt. 2000 
 ft., /Strach. rf- Winter. — Distkih. Siberia and Eastward to Europe and N. Africa. 
 
 Very slender. Leaves ^-14 in. diam. ; petioles very slender. Flowers ^ in. diam. 
 Petals red, glabrous. Fruit § in. long. 
 
 15. G, molle, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 643 ; stems rather stout diffuse or 
 ascending softly villous and glandular, leaves orbicular palmately 7-9-fid, 
 lobes cuneate obtusely lobulated, petals obcordate exceeding the sepals, 
 carpels obliquely wrinkled, seeds smooth. Boiss. PI. Orient, i. 882. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya; Kishtwar, 6-9000 ft., Thomson; Kumaon, alt. 
 1500 ft., Madden. — Distrih. Westward to Europe and N. Africa. 
 
 A common European weed, possibly introduced into India, but also found in Affgha- 
 nistan and Persia ; more robust than the two preceding species, readily distinguished 
 by the wrinkled carpels, smooth seeds, purple petals ciliate at the base, and glabrous 
 filaments. 
 
 Sect. 4. Peduncles 2-flowered. Flower-biids pyramidal. Sepals broad or 
 cordate at the base, acuminate, not abruptly awned. — Annual or biennial. 
 
 16. G. Robertlanum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 644; erect, much 
 branched, pubescent or hairy, leaves triangular-oblong 5-foliolate or 
 ternatisect segments incised or pinnatitid, peduncles slender, pedicels 
 spreading, petals twice as long as the sepals clawed, carpels wrinkled 
 
Gcmnitim,] xxxii. aERANiACE^. (Edg-eworth & Hook, f.) 433 
 
 keeled, seeds piinctulate. Boiss. Fl. OrieMt. i. 883. G. Lindleyanum, 
 Royle III. 151, t. 27. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft., from Kashmir, Falconer, to Garwhal, 
 Strach. & Winter. — Distrib. Siberia, Asia Minor, the Caucas'is, Europe. 
 
 A reddish foetid rather succulent annual or biennial. Branches 6-18 in., brittle, 
 leafy. Leave^i 1-8 in. broad; petiole lon^ ; stipules ovate. Flov^ers ^ in. diara., 
 streaked with dark and light red. Petals narrow, claw glabrous. Fruit f-1 in. ; 
 beak of carpels si-parating upwards from the axis and attached to its apex by silky 
 hairs. — " Herb. Robert." , 
 
 17. G. lucidum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 644 ; annual, glabrous, shininsr, 
 leaves orbicular 5-7-lobed Libes 5-fid cuneate, pedicels with a series of 
 hairs, sepals long-awned shorter than the spathulate petals, carpels reti- 
 culate keeled nearly glabrous, seeds smooth. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 884. G. 
 laevigatum, Boyle III. 150. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya ; from Kishtwar to Kumaox, alt. 6-9000 ft. — Distrib. 
 Siberia, S^ria, the Caucasus, Europe, N. Africa. 
 
 A suberect, much-branched, brittle herb, with usually bright red branches. Leaves 
 f-14 in. diam., lobes short broad; stipules acute. P(ec?//??c/e.s longer than the petioles. 
 Flowers ^-^ in. diam. Sepals wrinkled. Peta's rose-red, claw glabrous. Fruil 4 in., 
 glabrous, beak very slender; carpels small, separating both from their beak and 
 the axis. 
 
 18. Gr. ocellattim, Camh. in J acq. Yoy. Bot. 33, t. 38 ; annual, hoary- 
 pubescent or hairy and glandular, excessively branched, prostrate, slender, 
 leaves orbicular 5-7-lobed lobes cuneate 3-5-fid, petals large broadly 
 obcordate much larger than the acuminate sepals, carpels corrugated, seeds 
 smooth. Walp. Ann. i. 449. G. bicolor, and G. choorense, Boyle III. 
 149, 150; Wall. Cat. 8562. 
 
 Hills of the Panjab; temperate and subtropical Himalaya, alt. 1-6000 ft., from 
 Kashwik and the Salt Range to E, Nipal ; Behar, on the top of Parusnath, 
 Anderson. 
 
 A small straggling species. Leaves 4-2 in. diam. Peduncles sometimes clustered, 
 and subumbelleii as in G. Tuheraria, at others axillary solitary and 1 -flower -d. Flowers 
 ^ in. diara., rose-coloured with a dark purple eye. Sepals rigid after flowering, 
 wrinkled from pressure against Uae carpels. Fruit erect, | in. long ; carpels small, 
 separating from the axis and beak, which latter eventually coils up elastically. Seeds 
 shining, pale. — B'ound in E. Nipal (Tambur river), but not hitherto in iSikkim. 
 
 doubtful and unknown species. 
 
 G. heterotrichon, Sm. ; Boyle III. 150. 
 
 G. prdunculatum, Boijle, I.e. — Of this and the preceding species no information is 
 given by Eoyle ; Smith has nowhere described a G. heterotrichon. 
 
 4. XIROBXITM, L'Herit. 
 
 Herbs, rarely undershrubs, with the branches swollen or jointed at the 
 nodes. Leaves opposite, often alternately smaller, stipulate. Flowers 
 usually regular, in axillary 1-flowered or umbelliferous peduncles. Sepals 5, 
 imbricate. Petals 5, liypogynous, with alternating glands. Stamens 5, 
 alternating with 5 stamiiiodes. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, long-beaked ; 
 styles 5, stigmatose Lmgitudinally ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. 
 Capsule 5-lobed 5-cellf^d, cells 1-seeded ; carpels indehiscent, separating 
 septifragally from the axis, their beaks elastically coiling upwards from the 
 base to the apex of the axis, hairy on the inner surface, each with usually 
 
 VOL. I. r F 
 
434 XXXII. GERANiACE,E. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Erud'mnu 
 
 2 pits at the top below the beak. ISeeds exalbuminous ; embryo incumbent 
 on the induplicate or ilexuous radicle. — Distrib. About 50 species, natives 
 of temperate regions in the Old World, wlience a few have escaped to the 
 New, and to the Southern Hemisphere. 
 
 * Beak of carpels ventrally clothed with rigid setae that disappear 
 towards the tip. 
 
 t Leaves l-2-3-pinnatisect. 
 
 1. S. cicutariuzn, Leman ; DC. Prodr. L 646; annual, leaves pin- 
 natisect pinnules pinnatifid not decurrent, sepals liiucronate, filaments 
 glabrous not toothed. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i 890. ? E. himalayanum, lioyle 
 III. 150. 
 
 Western India, from Sindh and the Panjab to Simla, ascending to 8000 ft. in 
 Little Tibet, near Iskardo. — Dihtkib. Westward to Algeria and throughout Europe 
 and temperate N. Asia; introduced elsewhere. 
 
 Pubescent and glandidar. Branches short or long, sometimes 2-3 ft. Leaven oblong, 
 pinnules 7-1 1 pairs sessile ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scarious. Peduncles 
 many-flowered ; pedicels hoary; bracts small, connate, ovate, hyaline. ySV^ff/* 5-uerved, 
 mar^'ined. Petab obovate, unequal, bearded at the base, purple, often spotted. Beak 
 of carpels 5 times as long as the cell, scabrous outside, almost glabrous above, pits 
 with a concentric fold. Seeds very smooth ; cotyledons 3-lobed. 
 
 2. H, ciconium, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 646 ; annual, leaves pinnatisect 
 pinnules pinnatitid decurrent, sepals awned, filaments ciliate not tootlied. 
 Boiss. FL Orient, i. 891. 
 
 Paxjab, near Kohat in the Salt Range, Stewart. — Distrib. Westward to Syria, the 
 Caucasus, and S. Europe. 
 
 Pubescent and viscid. Branches stout, ascending. Leaves ovate, pinnules toothed; 
 stipules ovate -lanceolate, long-acuminate, scarious. Peduncles longer than the leaves, 
 2-Go-flowered ; bracts scarious, mucronate, ciliate. Sipals ovate, membranous, with 3 
 glan(]ular hairy nerves with long cilia} and a long rough awn. Petals purple, obovate. 
 Carpels subuLate at the base, glabrous, with white hairs and a glabrous scar at the 
 tip, pits without a fold ; beak very long, scabrous outside, wi:h brown hairs at the top 
 and hmger setae below. 
 
 3. S. Stephanlanum, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 645 ; annual, leaves 
 2-pinnatisect segments decurrent acutely toothed, sepals awned, filaments 
 ciliate toothed on one side. Ledeh. Fl. Boss. i. 475 in jmit. 
 
 Western Tibet, Ladak and Nubra, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Thomson. — Distrib. Siberia, 
 China, 
 
 Pubescent and pilose. Branches diffuse. Stipules cuneate, acute, ciliate. Peduncles 2-5- 
 flowered ; bracts linear, reflexed, ciliate. Sepals ovate, 5-nerved, ciliate, awn long. Pttals 
 as long as the sepals, broadly ovate, nerved, ciliate at the base. Carpels hispid. Seeds 
 glabrous, minutely aciculate. — The Siberian specimen in Herb. Kew. resembles the 
 Tibetan, and does not accord with Ledebour's description as to the stamens, which, 
 however, Chinese specimens do. , 
 
 ft Leaves not pinnatisect. 
 
 4. B. tibetanum, Edrjew.; annual?, leaves 3-fid velvety beneath, 
 sepals obovate obtuse not awned, carpels not pitted below the beak. 
 
 Western Tibet, Fahoner ; Ladak Valley below Hanle, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Thoin- 
 son, Hay. ^ 
 
 Hoary, almost stemless. Leaves oblong-ovate, more or less incisocrenate ; stipules 
 cimeate, scarious, ciliate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2- or more-liowered, bracts 
 ciliate. Sij>als pubescent, with a small knob in place of a mucro. Petals elliptic, 
 
Erodium.] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 435 
 
 exceeding the sepals. Ovary silky. Carpels brown, stipitate, with stiff white hairs, 
 split on the back ; beak ^-l in. long, 3-4 times the length of the cell, rough on the 
 outer side, in the inner side with long brown hairs and a few setje, hairy to the tip. — 
 This resembles E. chium and (jegyptiacuniy which differ in their mucrouate sepals. 
 
 5. E. xnalacoides, WUld. ; BO. Prodr. i. 648 ; anuual, leaves 3-fid or 
 lacerate shortly pubescent, sepals awned, carpels pitted below the beak. 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 803. 
 
 Panjab, Falconer; Indus Valley at Attok, Pesbawmr, and Hazara, Stewart. — 
 DiSTKiB. Westward to S. Europe and N. Africa. 
 
 Softly hairy, hairs on the stem deflexed. Stems erect or diffuse, elongate, 
 branched. Leaves ovate- oblong, acute or obtuse, shortly appressed-pubescent, lovver 
 cordate; stipules large, scarious, acute or obtuse. Inflorescence glandular; peduncles 
 3-many-flovvercd; bracts ovate, scarious, ciliate. Sepals membranous, two outer 5- 
 and three inner 3-nerved, awn hairy. Pttals ciliate at the base, obovate, lilac,- 9-nerved. 
 Filaments glabrous, lanceolate. Staminodes linear. Ovary hairy. Carpels stipitate, 
 3-gonous, setose ; beak 4-5 times as long as the cell, with stiff brown hairs for \ of itB 
 length ; pits with a deep fold. 
 
 ** Beak of carpels plumose on the ventral face, with long soft cilia. 
 
 6. S. stipaceuxHf Edgew. ; hoary, annual, leaves oblong crenate- 
 toothed lobed or unequally pinnatifid, sepala silkily hoary apiculate, fila- 
 ments ciliate 5 inner the broadest, carpels slender hispid with transverse 
 wrinkles at the tip of the valves, beak very long. 
 
 WESTEitN Tibet? Vigne {Herb, Falconer); Panjab beyond the Indus in Bannu 
 Stewart. 
 
 Boot woody, but apparently annual ; branches straggling. Leaves ^-1 in., variable in 
 shape, oblong or linear- oblong ; petiole slender. Peduncles several-tlowered ; pedicels 
 short. Mowers ^in. dinm. Sepals concave, strongly 3-nerved. Petals narrow-cuneate, 
 equalling the sepals. Filaments subulate, ciliate, the inner series much the largest and 
 broadest. Frmt 3-4 in., slender, erect; carpels slender, narrowed into a stipes, terete, 
 transversely grooved at the base of the beak, covered with stiff' hairs with swollen 
 bases, beaks membranous, silky, hairs fulvous. — A very close ally of Monsonia hetero- 
 tricha, notwithstanding the different stamens. 
 
 DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 E. vioL^-FOLiuM, Turz. Mosc. Bull, xxxvi. i. 592. " Csesjutos^, diffuse, pilose, 
 leaves petiolate cordate obtuse sinuate-lobate crenate, with scattered adpressed hairs, 
 peduncles 3-5-flowered, calyx aristate, fruit densely hairy." — Western Peninsula, P,r- 
 rotet. '' Root fibrous, stalk 4-5 in. long, arista not plumose wl>en young." — Speci- 
 mens not seen, only known from the above (? Monsonia senegalensis). 
 
 E. NiLAGiRicuM, Scldcckt. Herb. Ind. Or. 1560, is an introdi^oed Cape Pelargo- 
 nium {P. grossularioides). 
 
 5. OXAI.IS, Linn, 
 
 Acid herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves radical or alternate, stipulate or ex- 
 stipulate, compound, usually 3-foliolate. Floioers on axillary 1- or more- 
 flowered peduncles, regular. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, 
 contorted. Glands of the disk 0. Stamens 10, free or united at the base, 
 all anther-bearing. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled ; styles 5, distinct, stigma ter- 
 minal capitate 2-tid or laciniate ; ovules 1 or more in each cell. Capside 
 with loculicidal dehiscence, valves persistent to the axis. Seeds with an outer 
 fleshy coat which bursts elastically, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy; 
 embryo straight.— Distrib. JSpecies about 200, chiefly tropical and temperate 
 3. American and S. African. 
 
 JFF2 
 
436 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (Edgewortli & Hook, f.) [O.rffHi^. 
 
 1. O. cornlculata, Linn. ; DC Prodr. i. 692 ; appressed-piibescent. 
 diffuse, creeping, leaves 3-foIiolate, stipules adnate to the petiole, peduncles 
 2-OD-fid, petals yellow notched. Boiss. Ft Orient, i. 866 : Wall. Cot. 4347 ; 
 Jioxh. Fl. hid. ii. 457 ; W. tf' A. Prodr. 142. O. repens, Tliunh. ; Wirjht I<\ 
 t. 18. O. pusilla, Scdish. ; Roxh. I.e. 
 
 Throughout the warmer parts of India and Ceylon, ascending the Himalaya to 7000 
 f(. — DiHTRiB Cosmopolitan. 
 
 A very varinble weed, abundant in cultivated places. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets 
 ol>cordate. Flowers subumbellate. Sepal » obtuse, bracts setaceous, PetaU yellow, 
 obcordate. Fruiting-pedictls depressed. Capsule tomeutose, subcylindric, cells man}'- 
 steded. Seeds transversely ribbed. 
 
 2. O. Acetosella, Linn. ; DO. Prod. i. 700 : pilose, stemless, rootstock 
 creeping scaly, leaves all radical .3-foliolate leaflets broadly obcordate, sti- 
 pules large broad membranous, peduncles 1 -flowered, petals white. Boisk. 
 Fl. Onent. i. 806. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft.— 
 T>MTKin. N. Asia, Eiirope, N. Africa, N. America. 
 
 Petioles ^-{\m.\ leaHets ^-!^ in., obcordate, often purple beneath. Peduncle axil- 
 birv, slender, 2-bracteolate about the mi Idle. Floirers ^-f it. diam. Sepol-i oblong. 
 Petals obovate, white or pale-rose, veined with purple, eros--, cohering above the claw. 
 Capsule erect, cells 2-3-seeded. Seeds longitudinally ribbed. 
 
 3. O. GriffitMi, Edfjew. d' ITonl-. f. ; pilose or villous, rootstock creeping, 
 leaves all radical 3-foliolate leaflets trian^ilar retuse, 8ti])ules small ovate- 
 lanceolate, peduncles 1-flowered, petals >v']iite. 
 
 Temperate Eastern Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith ; Sikkim, in woods, alt. 8-10,000 ft. 
 /. D. H. : Khahia Mts., alt. .5-7000 ft., //./. A' T. / 
 
 Very similar to 0. Acetosdla, but the whole plant more hairy, leaflets triangular, and 
 stipules small. 
 
 6. BZOPKVTUM, De Cand. 
 
 Annual rarely perennial herbs, with simple or branched stems. Leavp$ 
 abruptly pinnate, fascicled or almost whorled at the top of the stem ; 
 leaflets o]>positp, oblique ; petiole swollen at the base. Pedtnicles terminal ; 
 pedicels umbelled. Flowers small, yellow, rarely i)urple. Sejxds 5, lanceo- 
 late, acuminate. Petals 5. Stinnens 10, filaments free, 5 outer smaller. 
 Stales 6, stigmas notched at the apex or 2 fid. Oajiside ovoid or oblong or 
 subglobose, splitting loculicidally sometimes to the base into 5 s})reading 
 valves. Seeds as in (>.?(/ ^m.—Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 
 Species about 20 ; various species have sensitive leaves which, and the 
 leaflets, close downwards. The flowers are dimorphous as regards the rela- 
 tive length of the styles and stamens. 
 
 * Stpni simple. Leaflets rounded or merely apiculate at Uie tip, tJie tertninal 
 pair usually. ilie larged. 
 
 I. B. sensitivim, DC. Prylr. i. 600; leaflets 6-15 pairs oblong nearly 
 stiai..,ht t::co;>t tlio terminal ti]) apiculate or not, peduncles long or short 
 vvX dubbed at the top, flowers shortly pedicelled, se})als usually much 
 exceeding the capsule, seeds with obliquely transverse tubercled ridges. 
 Pn.rh. Fl. Ind. ii. 457 ; W. dc A. Prodr. 162; Bot. Reg. xxxi. t. 68 ; Wall 
 Cat. 4343 C, E. 
 
Biophytum.l xxxii. QERANiACEiE. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 437 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, ascending to 6000 ft. in the Himalaya, and 
 Ci:\LON. — DisTRiB. Tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 
 
 Stems long or short, slender or robust, hispidly pubescent. Leaves \\-b in.; peti"le 
 hispidulous or merely ciliate ; leaflets very variable in size, |-| in., sometimes arched 
 a little upwards, nearly equal at the base except the terminal one, which is obovate and 
 oblique at the contracted base, nerves few or many rather oblique often waved. 
 Peduncles very variable, 4-5 in., hispid, sometimes swollen at the tip ; bracts rigid, 
 setaceous; pedicels usually shorter than the sepals, sometimes equalling them <r a 
 little longer. /Sepals rigid, subulate-lanceolate, grooved, glandular and hispid. Petals 
 ustiaily twice as hmg as the sepals, yellow (sometimes purple?). Capsule elliptic, 
 shilling ; cells few-seeded. Seeds very vaiiable, minute, with transverse oblique acute 
 or obtuse ridges that are more or less broken up into tubercles. 
 
 Var. 1. Cantlolleana ; leaflets 10-15 pairs, more or less strigose or appressed pilose on 
 the upper surface, seeds both tubercled and grooved. B. Candolleanum, Wight 111. i. 
 161, t. 02 ; Wall Cat. 4343 D.— Western Peninsula, and Ceylon. 
 
 Var. 2. ass arnica ; leaves 3-7 in., leaflets 7-15 pairs glabrous, petiole and rachis 
 nearly glabrous, seeds turbinate smooth acutely furrow^ed, flowers yellow. Wall. Cat. 
 4343 G.— Assam. 
 
 Vak. 3. nervifoUa; leaflets about 12 pairs glabrous, nerves few strong and waved 
 beneath as in B. Apodiscias. B. nervirblium, Thivaites Enwn. 64. — Bengal, Ceylon. 
 Mr. Edge worth, who has laboriously studied the Indian forms of this genus, distin- 
 guishes as species — 1, B. Candolleanum, described above ; 2, B. sesbanioides, Edgew. 
 mss (Wall. Cat. 4343 A), with ciliate downy nerved leaflets, and (judging from dried spe- 
 cimens) parple flowers; 3,^. Cuminr/ianum, Turcz. in Bull, Mosc, with 6-15 pairs of 
 glabrous leaflets, and 4, B. j^oterioides, Edgew. mss. (Wall. Cat. 4343 B) which is stem- 
 less with 6-12 pairs of glabrous leaflets, strongly nerved beneath, purple petals and 
 shining not tubercled seeds with forked furrows. 
 
 2. B. Apodiscias, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. xxxvi. i. 599 (Aposcias hy 
 error) ; leaflets 5-7 pairs small shortly and reniformly obovoid widening 
 towards the rounded tip, nerves beneath few strong horizontal waved, pedi- 
 cels sessile, seeds with scattered tubercles. Oxalis sessilis, Hamilton in 
 Wall. Cat. 4344. 0. Petersii, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. Reis. Bot. t. 5. 
 
 Bengal, at Monghir, Hamilton; Assam, Griffith; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft,, 
 /. D. E. & T. T. ; xMysore and Carnatic, G. Thorns. Herb. 
 
 Annual. Stem 1-2 in., slender. Leaves 1-1 4 in., crowded; leaflets rather coria- 
 ceous, pale, the lowest smallest orbicular-ovate, the middle ones truncate at the base, 
 the terminal with a contracted oblique base and much arched midrib ; petiole puberu- 
 lous. Flowers ^ in. long. Sepals exceeding the pedicels. — Probably only a state of 
 B. sensltivam, approaching var. nervifoliwn, but distinguished by the small size, arched 
 midrib of the leaflets, absence of peduncle, and simply tubercled seeds. 
 
 3. B. adiantoides, Wight mss. ; leaflets 12-25 pairs linear-oblong tip 
 rounded very unequal at the base, midrib straight, peduncles slender, 
 pedicels equalling the sepals. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 A very distinct and large species ; stem, petiole, rachis and peduncles tomentose and 
 pilose. Leaflets I in. long, sides nearly straight, base obliquely truncate, lower edge 
 short, upper long, sometimes produced into an obscure lobe at the anterior maigin. 
 Peduncles slender, with a clubbed mass of bracts at the apex. Ploivers imperfect. 
 
 4. B. Beinwardtii, Walp. Pep. i. 476 ; leaflets 10-20 pairs oblong tip 
 rounded equal at the base glabrous, midrib stniight, nerves slender oblique, 
 peduncles slender, pediJels equalling or exceeding, the small flowers, 
 cipsule almost equalling the small sepals. O.. sensitiva, Zucc. in JIanch. 
 Dtnki. ix. 183, t. v. B. 0. Keinwardtii, Zucc. in Munch. AO/utnd. i. 274. 
 
438 XXXII. GERANlACEiE. (Edg-ewortli & Hook, f.) [Biophi/tum. 
 
 O. Metziana, Miq. in Herb. Hohenaclc. 144. O. graciknta, Kurz in Joum. 
 As. Soc. Bencj. 1870, ii. 68. O. seusi^iva, Wall. Cat. 4343 F, R.—BIicede 
 Hon. Mai. ix. 33, t. 19. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, as far to the N.W.as Garwhal ; and in Ceylon. 
 — DiSTitiB. China, Java. 
 
 But distingui-hed from ^. seTwtVi'ywm by the graceful habit, slender peduncles, and 
 small flowers with the capsule not much overtopped by the sepals. The seeds vary in 
 amount of furrowing and mbetcles exactly as in B. sensithum. The foUovring three 
 varieties -are regarded as species by Mr. Edgeworth : — 
 
 Vah. 1. Btinwardtn jyrai^er ; seeds spirally furrowed. 0. Reinwardtii, Zucc. in port. 
 1). Pensitiva, Linn. Herb, in part ; Wall. Cat. 4343 B 2. 
 
 Var. 2. nervioides; seeds deeply furrowed and tubercled. 
 
 Yar. 3. 3Iets)iana; seeds tui-binate 5-7 furrowed tuberculate. — To whicli should be 
 added — 
 
 Var. 4. gracilenta; seeds tubercled not furrowed. 
 
 ^* Stem vsvfilly branched in a prdiferous nianner. Leaflets umaUy cm- 
 pidute or acuminate ; tlie temiinxd pair generally sliorter than the rest. 
 
 5. 8. nudum, Ao-ii. in Nov. Act. Acad. C(Ps. xviii. 32fJ; stem tall 
 simjile or branched, leafl«^ts 15-30 pairs linear-oblong obliquely abruptly 
 cuspidate equal at the base, midrib straight, nerves close-set, pedicels 
 equalling or exceeding the sepals, seeds tubercled not furrowed Wight 
 2/1. i. 161, 
 
 Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 Apparently annual. Strm i]-]H in., sometimes as stout as a goose-quill, often umlicl- 
 lately branched. Leaves 2-3 in., racl'is tomentose ; lealiets ^ in , glabrous, margins 
 thickened, base truncate. Peduifclen nlender, pubescent ; pedicels pilose. /Sejitth ^ in., 
 scarcely exceeding tlie gk>bose capsule. 
 
 6. B. proliferum. Am. in Nmi Act. Acad. Ca's. xviii. 327; stem slender 
 prostrate C()])iously dichotoniously branched from a woody stock, l«ives 
 short, leaflets very small 5-lO-pairs oblong obliquely cuspidate, midrib 
 nearly straight, base equal, peduncles very short usually 1-tiowered, seeds 
 tubercled not furrowed. Wight III. i. 16:2. 
 
 Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft., W<dker, Gardner, kc. 
 
 A remarkable species, easily recognised by its excessively branched prostrate habit, 
 >ilf'ndir branches, minute leaflets, and solitary, rarely geminate flowers. Branches and 
 ]K'duncles pubescent. Leaves rarely 1 in., in whorls; leaflets ^ in. long, usually gla- 
 brous above ; nerves oblique, slender. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves and than 
 the very slender pedicels. Sepals hairy, about as long as the leaflets. — I identify this 
 A ith Arnott's plant on the faith of two specimens thus ticketed by himself in Wight's 
 Ihrbarinm, though Arnott describes the umbel as 2-5-floweied. and the leaflets as 
 ).il(ise above, and does not allude to the remarkable smallness of the foliage; whence I 
 suspect that he had both this and the following under his eye. 
 
 7. B. intermcdiuzn, Wi{jht III. i. 162 ; branches very numerous from a 
 stout woody rootstock slender dichotoniously branched, leaflets 15-20 
 ]^:drs linear-oblong abruptly cuspidate, midrib somewhat arched, base equal, 
 peduncles usually exceeding the leaves several-flowered. 
 
 Ceyi.ox, Walker. 
 
 A much larger plant than B. proliferum, of a very different habit, having long 
 arching blanches arising from a woody .stock as thick as the finger. Leaves 2 in. long ; 
 leaflets \-^ in., glabrous or pilose above, margins sometimes ciliate, nerves close-set, 
 oblique ; petiole ciliate with loig hairs. Flowers three times as large as in B. proli- 
 ferum.—l have identified this by specimens in Wight^s Herbaiium ; which coutaius a 
 
Biophytum.] xxxii. geraniace^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) 4.39 
 
 somewhat similar plant (described below as a variety) from the Pulney Mountains that 
 differs in being apparently annual, and having more pilose foliage. 
 
 "iV-AV. \. pulney ense ; annual, stem simple below subumbellately branched above, 
 leaflets slightly hairy above. 0. sensitivum, Herh. Wight Kew Distrib. 302. — 
 Pulney Mts. 
 
 Var. 2. vertidllatum ; annual?, stem dichotomously branched, leaves and leaflets 
 smaller often much ciliated on one or both surfaces. B. verticillatum, Wiglit III. i. 162. 
 — J3. sensitivum var. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 4343 I. 
 
 8, B. polyphyllum, Munro in Wight III. i. 162 ; silky and villous, 
 stem stout umbellately branched, leaves long very narrow flexuous, leaflets 
 minute 30-50 pairs shortly falcate-oblong gradually and obliquely acuminate 
 terminal pair much the smallest. 
 
 NiLOHiRi Mts., at Kundalis, llunro. 
 
 An exceedingly curi )us and distinct species, remarkable for the slender, flexuous 
 leaves, 2-3 in. long, and very minute crowded leaflets, | in. long, which are not 
 abruptly cuspidate as in the pre(5eding species ; rachis villous with long hairs. 
 
 6.* AVSRRKOA, Linn. 
 
 Trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate with a terminal leaflet ; 
 leaflets subopposite. Flowers small, regular, in panicled axillary or ramal 
 cymes. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, contorted. Glands 0. Stamens 10, 
 united at the base, all perfect or 5 without anthers. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celied, 
 without a beak; styles 5, distinct, stigmas capitate ; ovules numerous in the 
 cells. Berry oblong, 5-lobed. Seeds naked or arilled, albumen scanty, 
 fleshy ; embryo straight. — Distrib. Three or four species, of which two are 
 copiously cultivated in many hot countries, probably both natives of the 
 New World, in which alone is a native s{)ecies found. Very likely both 
 were introduced by the Portuguese into India. 
 
 A. Carameola, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 689; leaflets 2-5 pairs ovate or 
 (•vate-lauceolate acute glabrous and glaucous beneath, fruit with acutely 
 angled lobes, seeds arillate. Koxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 450 ; W. S A. Prodr. 141 ; 
 Brandis For. Flor. 45; Beddome Fl. Syhat. 39. — Elieede Hort. Mai. iii. 
 t. 43, 44. 
 
 In gardens throughout the hotter parts of India as far north as Lahore. — Native 
 country unknown. 
 
 A small tree, densely branched. Leaflets 14-3 in. ; petiole stout, pubescent. 
 Floicers chiefly axillary, variegated white and purple. Calyx glabrous, half as 
 long as the petals. Stamens 10, 5 shorter without anthers, or sometimes 1 or 2 of 
 these longer and antheriferous. Ovary pubescent. Fruit 3 in. long, yellow ; aril 
 2-lobed, lacerate. — Two varieties are known, sweet and sour. The former is eaten 
 raw and cooked. Leaflets irritable to the touch. 
 
 A. BiLiMBi, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 689 ; leaflets 5-17 pairs oblong or 
 linear-lanceolate acuminate pubescent beneath, fruit with 5 rounded lobe.s, 
 seeds not arillate. Poxh. Fl. Lnd. ii. 451 ; W. d: A. Prodr. 142; Brandis 
 For. Fl. 46 ; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. lll.—Rheede Hort. Mai. 3, t. 45. 
 
 In gardens throughout the hotter parts of India, also naturalized as an escape. — 
 Native country unknown. 
 
 7. CONNAROFSZS, Planch. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnately 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets coriaceous, quite 
 entire, strongly nerved, triple-nerved at the base, margined. Flowers minute. 
 
440 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (Edgeworth & Hook, f.) [Connaropsis. 
 
 regular, in terminal and axillary panicled cymes. Sepals 5, imbricate, connate 
 at the base. Petals 5, imbricate. GiandsX). iStamens 10, filaments united 
 at the base, the alternate shorter. Ovary 5-angled, 5-celled ; styles 5, 
 subulate, stigmas apiculate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit llesliy, 5-lobed. — 
 DiSTEiB. Three species, all from the Malayan archipelago. 
 
 1. C. monophylla, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; leaves 1 -folio] ate, leaflets 
 ovate obtusely acuminate shining above glaucous beneath, panicles pube- 
 rulous of slender spiciform erect branches. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Cuming, Maingay. 
 
 A small round-headed tree. LeajleU 2-3 in,, quite entire; petiole \ in., slender. 
 Panicles 3-5 in. lung. Si pals pubescent. Corolla suburceolate ; petals uhlong, blood- 
 red, tips suhrecurvfd. Ovary pilose. Fruit obtusely angk-d, 5-lurrowed ; endocavp 
 fibrous, sending outwards fibres which reticulately divide the saic(jcarp. Albumen 
 copious; embryo green, radicle terete. {Descr. chiefly from Griffith's notes.) 
 
 2. C. G-rlffithii, Planch, in Herb. Hook.; leaves 3-foliolate ovate or 
 elliptic-lanceolate long-acuminate opaque above, panicles short broad 
 tomentose. Hook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. lGi5 {name only). 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Main gay. 
 
 A small tree. Branches woody, bark black. Leaflets 2i-3i in., pale, pubescent, as 
 are their short petioles ; nerves remote ; petiole f in., that of the leaflets \ in. Inflores- 
 cence ferruginous. Flowers usually all antheriferous. A<tamens usually on the old wdcd, 
 4 in. long, brown purple. Fruit 2 in,, yeliow. — Kurz {Journ. As. aSoc. Bengal, J87o, 
 ii. (39), considers that tins shoul<l bear the name of C. dlctrsijblia, because it was first 
 described as liourea diversifolia by Miquel {Fl. hid. Bat. JSuppl. 528), a view I cannot 
 adopt, seeing that Miquel put it not only in a wrong genus, but in a wrong Natural 
 Order, and that the trivial name diversifolia is not applicable. Moreover, I doubt C. 
 Griffithil being the same with Miquel s plant, which latter has hicid leaves, whereas 
 those of C. Griffithii are singularly opaque.-— i'Vu/i acid, eaten cooked, pickled or pre- 
 served with sugar. Leaves irritable to the touch. 
 
 8. ZBIFATZ&NS, Linn. ' (By J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Herbs, rarely shrubby at the base. Leaves opposite or alternate, in some 
 whorled, in others all radical, simple, exstiimlate, or with stipular glands 
 at the base of the petiole. Flowers in scapes, or in axillary or terujinal 
 1-2-many-flowered peduncles, irregular, resupinate. Sepals 3 rarely 5, im- 
 bricate ; 2 anterior when present minute ; 2 lateral small, flat, usually 
 green ; posterior (anterior in flower) large, petaloid, produced into a iioUow 
 spur or sac. Petals 3 (or 5) ; anterior (outer in bud) large ; lateral 2-lobed 
 (or 2 connate). Stamens 5, filaments short, broad ; anthers cohering. Li^k 0. 
 Ovary oblong, 5-ceIled ; stigma sessile, 5-tootlied ; ovules many, 1-seriate in 
 each cell. Capsule loculicidal ; valvies 5, elastically springing aw^ay from a 
 placentiferous axis. Seeds smocth or tubercled, glabrous or hairy, albu- 
 men ', embryo straight.— Distrib. Mountains of trop. Asia and Africa, rare 
 iu temp. Europe, N. America, N. Asia, and S. Africa; species about 150. 
 
 The species of Impatiens are difficult of determination, in a dried state especially ; 
 and for Beddome's I am chiefly dependent on his published plates. Minute flowers 
 fertilized in the bud occur in some species apart from the others. The following 
 arrangement is that suggested by myself in the Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. iv. 
 p. lOG (Dec. 1859), with the addition of the Peninsula species subsequently described by 
 i3eddome, and with the important change consequent on dividing the gepus into two 
 principal groups, a Himalayan, with slender terete or obovate capsules, and a chiefly 
 Peninsular group, with the capsule short and swollen in the middie. To avoid ver- 
 biage I shall employ the same t<irma used in that arrangement, of Sepals fur the 2 
 
Impatiens.] xxxii. qeraniace^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 441 
 
 lateral sepals (or 4 when present) ; Lip for the spurred sepal ; Standard for the petal 
 next the'axis; and Wings for the combined pairs of lateral petals. 
 
 Conspectus of Sections. 
 
 Series JBL. Capsule ellipsoid or oblong, short, (rarely | in.), turgid in 
 the middle. Seeds rounded, often with a shining brittle or hairy testa. 
 —Chiefly Peninsular, Ceylon and Khasian species. — Capsule slender in /. 
 Kleinii, tHlobata, and perhaps in a few other species of group iii. 
 
 A I. — ScAPiGER^. Root-stock tuberous, perennial. Leaves all radical. 
 Scape slender ; flowers racenied. — All Westeim Peninsula and Ceylon. 
 (Sp. 1-9.) 
 
 A II. — Oppositipoli^. Annual. Leaves all opposite, or the upper ran ly 
 all whorled in threes (never alternate), usually acutely serrate. Pedicels 
 solitary or fascicled. Seed^ few, large, testa black glabrous. — The pedicels 
 of /. Lawii, salicifolia, and others are sometimes arranged on a short pe- 
 duncle. (Sp. 10-25.) 
 
 A III. — Subverticillat^. Annual. Leaves all opposite or subopposite, 
 or the lower alternate and upper opposite or whorled, rarely all alternate. 
 Peduncles 1- or more-flowered. Seeds often villous or hairy. (Sp. 2tJ-36.) 
 
 A IV.— UNtsi^OR-E. Mostly annual. Zeaves all alternate, usually rather 
 distant. Flowers solitary or fascicled ; pedicels not crowded on a common 
 peduncle. (Sp. 37-53.) 
 
 A V. — LATERiFLORiE. Leavcs all alternate, rather distant, not all ap- 
 proximate or whorled. ' Peduncles axillary, 1-3 rarely 4-5-flowered ; flowers 
 racemose (not umbelled). (Sp. 51-57.) 
 
 A VI.— Epiphytic^. Succulent short stemmed epiphytes. Peduncles 
 1-2-flowered. Standard and wings very small ; lip very large, laterally 
 compressed and saccate. — Western Peninsula. (6'p. 58-60.) 
 
 A VII. — Umbellate and Subcapitat^. Leaves all alterilate, rarely 
 opposite, often crowded at the end of the stem or branches and almost 
 whorled. — Flowers in ped uncled dense racemes or subumbelled corymbs; 
 bracts often conspicuous.— Chiefly Western Peninsula and Khasia Mts. 
 (Sp. 61-76.) 
 
 A viiT. — Racemose. Leaves usually crowded upAvards, all alternate. 
 Peduncles many, subterminal, elongate, at length exceeding the leaves, many- 
 flowered. Flowers racemose, rarely whorled or fascicled. (Sp. 11-Sl.) 
 
 Series B. Capsule elongate, linear or clavate, rarely shortly clavate 
 Seeds oblong or obovoid, compressed \ testa usually rugulose, opa(iue, 
 coriaceous, quite glabrous.— Chiefly Himalayan and Khasia Mts. species. 
 (Capsule doubtful in /. tropa^olifol:ia, Griff.) 
 
 B I.— Oppositifoli^ and VERTiciLLATiE. Leavess]\ opposite or whorled or 
 a few alternate. — Stout, tall, succulent, annual species, with subumbelled, 
 often purplish flowers on long peduncles. (Sp. 88-91.) 
 
 B n. — UNiFEORiE. Leaves all alternate. Flowers solitary or rarely 
 2 together, on slender axillary pedicels. (Sp. 92-94.) 
 
 B III. — AxiLLiFLOR^E. Leaves all alternate. Flowers in axillary 2-4-flow- 
 ered peduncles, not umbelled or nicemeJ. (Sp. 95-106.) 
 
442 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineoe, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 B IV. — SuBUMBELLAT^. Leaves all alternate, very rarely opposite. 
 Peduncles usually fascicled towards the top of the stem or branches, many- 
 flowered. Flowers in interrupted racemes, subumbelled or whorled, often 
 large purplish, small and yellow in /. radiaia. (8p. 107-111.) 
 
 B V. — Racemose. Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite. Peduncks 
 usually fascicled towards the top of the stem or branches. Flowers often 
 small^ in uninterrupted racemes, usually yellow. (Sp. 112-122.) 
 
 A. Capsule short, trapezoid or ellipsoid. 
 
 A I.— SCAPIGERiE. 
 
 * Spur shorter than the flower or 0. Wings 3-lobed, except in I. orchioides. 
 
 1. Z. Beddomel, Hook.f. ; quite glabrous, leaves orbicular or reniform- 
 cordate, bracts obtuse or subacute, standard short broader than long, 
 wine-lobes 3 subequal retuse, spur incurve^ clavate obtuse. I. scapiflora, 
 W. ^' A. Prodr. 137 in jxirt ; Wight III t. 967; //./. d^ T. in Joum. Linn. 
 Soc. iv. 118 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomh. Flor. 43, not of Heyne. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar; near Dodabtt, Coonnoor, and elsewhere in the Nilghlris, 
 Wight. J 
 
 A foot high or less. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., fleshy, quite entire or obscurely crenate- 
 sen-ate ; nerves flali^llate. Itaci'ines 1-4 in. ; bracts broadly ovate ; pedicels slender. 
 Flowers 4 in. diani. ; sepals broadly and obliquely ovate; wings with three subequal 
 phort truncate retuse lobes; spur rather shorter tliau the flower. Cupsulc ^ in., elliptic. 
 Sced.'i minute, granulate. — Being obliged to find a new name for this beautiful plant, I 
 have selected that of Col. Beddouie, who has made the Peninsular species his special 
 study. 
 
 2. I. modesta, Wight in Madr. Joum. v. 13 ; Ic. t. 968; leaves ovate- 
 cordate acute crenate-serrate sparsely hairy above, bracts with thickened 
 tips, standard short broader than long, wings with 3 subequal obtuse lobes, 
 spur recurved short obtuse. I. tenuis, Bedd. in Madr. Joum. ser. 2, iv. 69, 
 t. 7, f. 12; Ic. Pl.Ind. 6>r. p. 31. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar; Nilghiri, and Sivagherry hills, Wight. Anamallay hills, 
 alt. 5-7000 ft., Bcddome. 
 
 A foot high or less. Leaves 1-5 in. ; basal lobes tounded, with a rounded sinus on 
 each side of the petiole. Scape very slender: raceme 1-2 in ; pedicels capillary; 
 bracts much smaller and narrower than in Beddamei. Floicen^ ^ in. diam., pink ; 
 sepals small. CajJs iile ^-\ m., eWintxc, acute at both ends. Seeds minute. {Wings 
 pubescent on the surface, Bcddome!) 
 
 .3. I. Stocksil, //, /. <£: T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 119; very small, 
 quite glabrous, leaves orbicular oblong or broad-ovate obtuse crenate base 
 acute or rounded, bracts acute, standard orbicular, lip boat-shaped spur 
 less. Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 42. 
 
 Mountains of the Concan, Law, Stocks. 
 
 ]\luch the smallest of the Scapigernus section, 1-4 in. Leaves 4-f in. diam., tip 
 obtuse or rounded, nerves flabellate ; petiole as long or shorter than the blade; pedicels 
 thick for the size of the plant; bracts small, ovate. Florcers few, .3-6. Sepals broadly 
 ovate, obtuse; standard as broad as long, not very concave, obtuse, rather rhomboid; 
 \vins:s with three obtuse lobee, the lower rather the longest. Coptsule \ in., elliptic, 
 turgid, acute. See,ds minute, linear-oblong. 
 
 4. Z. crenata, Bedd. in Madr. Joum. ser. 2, iv. 69. t. 7, f. 10 ; Ic. PI. 
 Jnd. Or. p. 31 ; leaves orbicular-reniform or cordate crenate, scape very 
 
Impatiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsaminea?, Hook, f.) 443 
 
 slender few-flowered, standard broader than long very concave, spur short 
 obtuse. I. Akka, £eddome, I.e. 69, f. 11. 
 
 Malabar, in the Anamallay and Akka Mts, alt. 5-8000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 I have not seen this species, which Beddome describes as perhaps not distinct from 
 /. Stocksii ; from which, however, it seems to diifer in the large flowers, long scapes, 
 short pedicels, shape of the standard, and presence of a distinct spur, as well as in the 
 habitat. Though originally described as different plants, Beddome subsequently united 
 bis /. crenata and AkJca, which according to his descriptions differ in the first having 
 hairy nerves on the leaves above, short petioles, and a crenate standard ; both have 
 hairy upper surfaces of the wings and large flowers (how large is not stated), pure white 
 with a blue tuft of hairs in /. crenata. 
 
 5. Z. orchioides, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 31, t. 151; leaves ovate- 
 cordate obtuse acuminate very hairy above, bracts ovate, standard ovate, 
 wings with two subulate tails, lip saccate spurless. 
 
 Koondah Mts. in Malabar, near Avalanche Ghat, Beddome. 
 
 Leaves li-2 in., glabrous beneath, crenatures bristle-pointed; petiole very long. 
 Scape 6-7-fiowered ; pedicels very slender. Floicers ^ in. diam., like those of a 
 Liparis, reddish-brown ; sepals ovate ; standard obtuse, not vaulted ; wings with a 
 dimidiate oblong blade produced into two pendulous tails longer than itself; lip acute. 
 Capsule contracted at both ends. Seeds minute scrobiculate. — Description from Bed- 
 dome, who describes the sepals as small, but figures them as remarkably large for the 
 size of the plant. 
 
 ** Spw longer than the flower. Wings ^-lohed {except in I. acaulis). 
 
 6. X. acaulis, Am. in Hook. Comp^ Bot. Mag. i. 325 ; glabrous, leaves 
 orbicular ovate-cordate or oblong, base acute rounded or cordate (not deeply 
 2-lobed), standard obovate very concave, wings 2-partit^e terminal lobe 
 largest, spur very slender. Thwaites Enimi. 68 ; Dah. <t Gibs. Bomb. 
 Flor. 42 ; //./. <i: T. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. iv. 118 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Lyl Or. 
 p. 31. I. scapiflora, Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 3587 ; W. d' A. Prodr. 137, irCpart. 
 I. bulbosa, Moon Gat. 18. I. gracilis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ser, 2, iv. 69, 
 t. 7, f. 13. 
 
 Mountains of the central province of Ceylon ; alt. 3-5000 ft., and of Malabar and 
 the CoNCAN ? ~ 
 
 Very variable in size and robustness, 2-12 in. high. Leaves 1-6 in. ; usually on 
 slender petioles, more or less crenate. Scape stout, Raceines 1-4 in. ; bracts broad; 
 pedicels stout, 1 in. FlotoBrs \-\ \ in. broad ; sepals broadly ovate ; standard short, broader 
 upwards ; wings variable in the length and breadth of the segments, which are falcate and 
 truncate ; spur very slender, variable in length. Capsule \-^ in., ellipsoid, acute at bi-th 
 ends. — Thwaites suspects that the Ceylon plant cannot be scapiflora^ because W'allichae- 
 scribes the spur as several inches long, but in some of our specimens it attaiirs 3 inches. 
 ^\'ight and Arnott, in the Prodromus, apparently confound acaulis with the true /. scapi- 
 fiora. There is so much diversity in the foliage of specimens which the 2-partite 
 wing obliges me to refer to this species, that I cann(jt but repeat that this and the 
 three following may prove to be forms of one. Some have the orbicular reniforni 
 leaves of /. scapijlora, others the ovate-cordate and pilose leaves of /. rivalis (notably 
 Thwaites, No. 2595), others the elliptic leaves of /. rivalis, var. 2, and still others the 
 oblong leaves with rounded sinus of 7. Denisonii. The species of this group cannot be 
 determined from dried specimens. Beddome (7c. PI. Ind. Or. p. 31) states that 7. acaulis 
 and rivalis " could never be confounded except in dried specimens." 
 
 7. Z. scapiflora, Ilei/ne in Boxb. FL Ind. ed. Garey., ii. 464 ; leaves 
 orbicular cordate or reniform sinus usually deep and broad above tip 
 rounded obscurely crenate serrate, standard large oroicular rliouiboiJ, wings 
 with 3 broad segments, spur very slender. 
 
444 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) [Mpaiiens, 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, Heyne ; Bababud, Herh. Bottler. 
 
 A specimen of this plant in Eottler's Herbarium, labelled by himself " /. scapijlora, 
 Heyne," may, I assume, be regarded as authentic for the plant discovered by the 
 author of the species. It is certainly not the plant which bears this name in the 
 Linnean Journal (see /. Beddomei), which has a short spur and 2-partite wings ; it en- 
 tirely resembles round-leaved forms uf /. acawZw, except in the 2-partite wings. The 
 leaves are evidently tieshy, obscurely crenate, with radiating nerves ; the bracts thick, 
 and scape and pedicels stout. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; segments of wings recurved-falcate 
 linear, rather bioad, tips rounded. 
 
 8. 1. rlvalis, WigfU in Madr. Jmirn. v. 13, t. 8 ; Ic. t. 751 ; leaves 
 ovate-cordate with an acute sinus or a rounded base or elliptic and acute at 
 both ends crenate-serrate usually hairy above, standard broader than long 
 vaulted, wings 3-partite, spur very long. 11. f. <i' T. in Journ. Linn. JSoc. 
 iv. 119.. 
 
 Mountains of the Concan, Canara, Malabar, and Travancor, alt. 5-8000 ft. 
 
 Very variable in stature, 6-18 in. high. Leaves extremely variable in form and 
 pubescence, feather-nerved, never orbicular-reniform with a broad sinus as in /. scajA- 
 jiora and Denisonii. — Except by the wings I do not see how some epecinuns are to L>e 
 distinguished from 1. acaulis, but lieddome says they " never could be confounded ex- 
 cept in diied examples;" he reduces his verrucosa to this species (Ic. PI. lud. Or. p. 31). 
 . Var. 1. leaves 2-5 in. ovate-oblong hairy acute, base rounded or cordate. night 
 Ic. t. 757. 
 
 Var. 2. leaves 4-8 in. elliptic acute at both ends, petiole as long very stout. — 
 Concan, Stocks. 
 
 Var. 3. leaves 3-4 in. ovate -cordate, wings with a batch of warts on the upper sur- 
 face. I. verrucosa, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iv. 69, t. 7, f. 9. 
 
 9. Z. Denlsonii, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 30, 1. 161 ; leaves ovate-cordate 
 obtuse or acute crenate pilose above base deeply 2-lobed sinus broad, 
 scape and pedicels very long and slender, standard broadly ovate vaulted, 
 wings 3-partite bearded on the inner face, lateral segment with a filiform 
 appendage enclosed in the long recurved spur. 
 
 NiLGHiRi Mrs. ; abundant in the Hisparah ghat, alt. 4-5000 ft., Beddome. 
 Apparently very near to 7. rm/Zi*, differing in the deeply 2-lobed base of the leaf, 
 smaller Howers, (^ in. diam.) with much narrower ami longer segments to the wincrs. 
 
 and in the (nnious filiform appendages of tiie latter that descend into the spur as in /. 
 raccmosa, and which are no doubt concerned in the process of fertilization. I suspect 
 that Herb. Wight. Kew Disirib. 310 is referable to this, not to /. acaulis. 
 
 A II. — OPPOSITIFOLIiE. 
 
 * Sjnir as long as the flower or longer. 
 
 10. Z. chinensis, Linn.; glabrous, stem angled, leaves all opposite 
 subsessile linear-oblong or obovate, stiimles setaceous, sepals linear, 
 standard orbicular, wings semi-obovate entire base auricled, spur very 
 slender incurved. Lah. <(!• (Jibs. Bomb. Ft. 42 ; //./. <Ss T. in Journ. Linn. 
 JSoc. iv. 119. I. fasciculata, Lamk. Diet. i. 359; Wight Ic. t. 748; W. dc A. 
 Prodr. 138; Hook. Lot, Mag. t. 4631. I. heterophylla, Wail, in lioxb. Fl. Ind. 
 ed. Carey J il 458 ; Cat. 4748. I. setacea, CoI.eh. in llook. Exot. Flor. t. 137. 
 Ealsamina fasciculata and B. chinensis, DC. Prodr, i. QSQ.—Rheede Ilwt. 
 Mai. ix. t. 47. 
 
 Bhotan, Griffith; mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Tra- 
 vancor, alt. 5-8000 ft ; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Birma, Wallich ; Tenasserim, 
 Hdfer; Malacca, Griffith.— Distuib. China. 
 
 A very variable aud beautiful plant. Stem 4-1 G in., erect from a rooting prostrate 
 
Tnipatiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. {\ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 445 
 
 base. Leaver § to nearly 4 in., serrate, linear-oblong obovate or almost rounded, 
 sharply serrate, acute or obtuse, base acute rounded or subcordate, glabrous or spars'dy 
 h;iiry, rather thick, glaucous beneath, basal serratures often setaceous ; stipules subu- 
 late, gland-tipped, recurved. Pedicels shorter or longer than the leaves, solitary or 
 fascicled, fruiting defiexed. Flowera ^-A. in. diara., rose-purple or white ; penanth 
 flat ; lip boat-shaped. Capsule ^-| in., elliptic, turgid in the middle. Se<'d-i many, 
 shortly oblong, smooth, nearly black, shining. — -The Linneau type is a straight broad- 
 leaved form, but the narrow-leaved occurs in China. 
 
 11. X. G-riffithii, li.f. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 120 ; lower leave? 
 opposite petioled uppermost sessile whorled in threes, all narrow linear- 
 laiice(jlate, sepals ovate-oblong acuminate, standard broad obcordate 
 spurred behind, wings broadly 2-lobed, spur long filiform. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Mounts Ophir and Gerai, &c., alt. 3000ft., near Malacca, 
 Griffith, &c. 
 
 A beautiful species, closely allied to /. chinensis, but very distinct in the foliage, all 
 the leaves being narrowed at the base, and the upper in threes ; they are 1^-4 in. long, 
 rather thick, whitish beneath, glabrous and somewhat hairv on the upper surface, as is 
 the stem sometimes, teeth remote, lower setaceous. JPed'cels solitary, very rarely in 
 pairs. Flowers 1 in. diam., perianth flat, rose-lilac. Capsule unripe, like that of 
 /. chinensis. 
 
 12. I. G-ardnerlana, Wight Ic. t. 1050; nearly glabrous, stem creeping 
 at the base, leaves whorled in threes sessile or sliortly petioled ovate- 
 oblong acute sharply serrate, sepals short, standard obovate apiculate 
 dorsally winged, wings 2-lobed, lobes similar obovate retuse, lip boat- 
 shaped with a long slender spur. H.f, d^ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 121. 
 
 Pastures below Sisparah in the western slopes of the Nilghiri Mts., Wight c0 
 Gardner. 
 
 Stem procumbent at the base and rooting, simple, ascending. Leaves \\-2 in., 
 distinctly petioled, very sharply seriate, ciliate towards the base. Pcdanch.s longer 
 than the leaves, filiform. Sepals ovate, acuminate ; wings very short and subequally 
 2-lobed, neither of the lobes clawed, the terminal rather the larger. Capsule oblong', 
 small, pointed, glabrous. — 1 have seen no specimens of this plant ; that so named in 
 Wight's Herbarium and distributed from it (No. 312) is an opposite-leaved species, with 
 a very short spur, and wholly differently shaped wings. 
 
 13. I. setosa, //. /. <i\ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 123; stem branched, 
 leaves all opposite or uppermost whorled most of them long petioled elliptic- 
 lanceolate acuminate distinctly serrulate, upper sessile with long cilia at the 
 base, stipules of many setae, standard suborbicular with a dorsal wing, 
 wings broad, spur very slender. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar ; Agamalay, near Palaghautcherry, Wight ; Sisparah Ghat, 
 alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A tall erect branched annual, 1-2 ft. high ; stems below as stout as a goose-qm'll, 
 quite glabrous, minutely dotted with black ; branches opposite. Leaves 2-4 in., the 
 lower on petioles ^-l in. ; petiole and both surfaces sparsely pubescent, margins at the 
 base and stem at the upper nodes with long cilia. Pedicels quite glabrous, solitary or 
 twin, slender, equalHuii: the leaves. Floivers 1 in. diam, ; perianth rotate, violet -purple; 
 sepals rather large, ciliate, apiculate ; standard suborbicular. with a broad dorsal wing ; 
 wings broad, 3-Iobed ? ; spur curved upwards. Capsule (diseased) 1 in. long, terete, 
 very slender. 
 
 14. I. XLleinil, W. d: A. Prodr. 140; slender, branched, nearly gla- 
 brous, leaves all opposite usually petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblong or 
 obovate acute or acuminate distantly serrulate, pedicels glabrous, stipules 
 of 2 glands or obsolete, flower small, sepals linear-subulate, standard small 
 
446 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 orbicular, wings with lonsr claws broadly obovate almost entire, spur 
 slender, capsule narrow. Wiffht Ic. t. 884 ; //./ d: T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 iv. 122 ; Dalz. d' GUjs. Bomb. Flor. 43. I. tenella, Wall. Cat. 4746 B. Balsa- 
 mina minor, JJC. Prodr. i. Qm.—Mlieede llort. Mai. ix. t. 50, 51. 
 
 Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards, common in the 
 rains. 
 
 A slender herb, rarely 1 ft. high; branches opposite, spreading. Leaves 1-1^ \r\.^ 
 very variable, glabrous or pilose above, glaucous beneath, rarely sessile, u'^ually nar- 
 rowed into a slender petiole. Ptdicels «lender, solitary or twin, reflexed in fruit. 
 Flowers ^ in. diam., violet-purple ; spur harrlly exceeding the flower or longer, more or 
 less ascending. Capsule ^ in., ellipsdiil-lanceolate. ^eed-t few, subglobose, black, 
 shining. — The small flower, long spur, entire clawed wings, and small capsule with lew 
 globose seeds together best distinguish this variable plant. I never And the pedicel 
 to have a liae of pubescence as in /. tenella and iiiconsjncua. 
 
 15. X. diversifolia, Wall. Cat. 4749 ; diffuse with ascending branches, 
 quite glabrous, leaves all opposite faintly serrate lower shortly petioled 
 elliptic or oblong obtuse, upper sessile lincar-obiong or ligulate base cor- 
 date, sepals linear acuminate, standard small, wings bruadly semi-obovate, 
 spur long filiform. W. d: A. Prodr. 139; H. J. <(• T. in Joarn. Linn. Soc, 
 iv. 121. I. heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 4748 B. I. Arnottiana, J/«Vy. wi //err6. 
 HoJienadc. 275. 
 
 Wk.stekx Peninsula, from Canaua to Malabar, Heyne, &c. ; Quilon, Wiyht; 
 Bababoodan hills, Law. 
 
 *Stcvis very succulent, a foot or more long, rooting at the nodes. Leaves \-3 in., 
 the lower smallest and usually petioled, npper often dilated at the base, serratures 
 rarely well defined, all very flaccid when dry; stipules obscure, glandular. Pedicels 
 .solitary or twin, with a faint line of pubesceme, usually longer than the leaf, deflexed 
 in fruit. Flowers f in. diam. ; perianth rosy, rotate; spur ascending, sometimes 
 thick, inflated, ecjualling or exceeding the flower. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, tur<;id. 
 tSeeds globose, dark brown, smooth, shining. — Copious specimens in VVight's Herbarium 
 prove this to be a very variable plant, sometimes of considerable size, and not the small 
 species it was assumed to be in the Linnean Journal. Some specimens, probably 
 gathered in marshy places, have very thick succulent stems and large leaves, flaccid 
 when dry, and others are very slender with leaves not | in. in breadth. 
 
 16. Z. ligrulata, Pedd. in 2fadr. Journ. ser. 2, iv. 67, t. 7, f. 6 ; Ic. PL 
 Ind. Or. ]). 30, t. 149 ; branched, erect, glabrous, leaves uniform subse.ssile 
 linear-ligulate mucronate base cordate remotely serrate lii-sjad above, stipules 
 setaceous or 0, pedicels with a pubescent line, sepals linear- lanceolate, 
 vstandard small, lateral wing-h)bes broad almost hatchet-shaped, terminal 
 very slender descending into the spur, spur as long as the flower stout 
 incurved. 
 
 Mountains of Travancor and Malabar, alt. 1-2500 ft , Bedilome. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft. ; branches slender, spreading. Leaves 3-4 in., horizontal, very uniform 
 in all the specimens, though piobably the species occurs with broad and petioled lower 
 leaves. Pedicels 1 or more, very slender, about half the length of the leaves. Flowers 
 about 1 in., pink or white ; standard with a dorsal pubescent line ; spur undulate Cap- 
 sxde ellipsoid, swollen in' the centre. Seeds about 12, glabrous, shining. — When dry it 
 is difficult, except by the spur, to distinguish tliis from narrow-leaved states of /. in- 
 coiispicua, tenella, and oppositifolia ; and, except from the breadth of the spur, from 
 /. divers (folia, it being difficult to make out the curious structure of the 2 wing-lobes 
 (that descend into the spur), except on fresh specimens. According to Beddome's 
 figure it is the terminal lobes that are reduced to nan-ow ligulfe and descend into the 
 spur ; but as far as I can make out from dried specimens, it is the lateral lobes ; they are 
 filiform, much longer and more slender than Beddome represents, aud dilated at the apex. 
 
Impatiens.j xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 447 
 
 ** Sjmr shorter than the flower or 0. 
 
 ] 7. Z. tenella, Heym i7i Wall. Cat. 4746 A ; small, slender, erect, 
 glabrous, leaves all opposite sessile or shortly petioled ligulate oblong or 
 lanceolate remotely serrate, stipules obscure or 0, pedicels with a line of 
 pubescence, sepals linear acuminate, standard short, terminal lobe of wing 
 clawed elongate lateral small, spur shorter than the flower, capsule clavate 
 pointed few-seeded. W. & A. Prodr. 140 ; H.f.& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 iv. 123. ?I. rosmarinifolia, Retz ; Wight Ic. t. 750. I. tehuicula, SteucL 
 Nom. ed. 2, i. 804. 
 
 Mouutains of Malabar, Heyne; and the Concan, Jacquemont. 
 
 Stem 4-10 in., simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 1-4 in., the upper or all nnr- 
 row, sessile with a subcordate base, the lower (rarelj all) usually narrow lanceolate and 
 petioled. Pedicels 1-3, solitary or fascicled, c;ipillary, erect horizontal or deflexed in fruit. 
 Ftowers about \ in,, pink? Capsule glabrous, ^ in., straight, long- beaked. Seeds few, orbi- 
 cular, compressed, shining, black. — Avery obscure plant, probably a variety of/. Kleinii^ 
 intermediate between it and /. inconspicua. There is a specimen in Bottler's Herbaiium, 
 marked /. longifiora, Heyne, from Bababud. Wight's I. rosmarinifolia ? has a very 
 short spur. 
 
 Var. brachycarpa ; spur very slender as long as the flower, capsule shorter \ in. 
 ellipsoid acute at both ends. Herb. Wight. — Cochin, Johnstone, Mysore, Lobb. Leaves 
 4 in. long, ligulate from a cordate sessile base in Cochin specimens. 
 
 18. I. inconsplcua, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4741 ; flaccid, glabrous, mucli 
 branched from the base, leaves serrate lower ovate or oblong and petioled 
 upper linear sessile or all ovate or all linear, stipules setaceous or 0, pedi- 
 cels very slender shorter than the leaves with a line of pubescence, sepals 
 linear-subulate, wings with a broadly rhomboid obovate clawed terminal 
 lobe and small lateral lobe, lip saccate acuminate not spurred. W. d: A. 
 Prodr. 139 ; Wight Ic. t. 970 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 43. I. pusilla, Heyne 
 in Wall. Cat. 4745 ; H. f. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 122. I. filiformis, 
 W. (& A. Prodr. 140. I. mysorensis. Both in Wall. Cat. 4743 in pari. I. Per- 
 rotettii, Turcz in Bidl. Soc. Nat. IIosc. 1863, i. 694. 
 
 Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Malabar ; common at 
 3-8000 ft. 
 
 Steins 4-12 in., robust or slender, erect. I^eaves ^ -4 in., upper always narrowed and 
 most lemotely serrate, often very slender, glabrous or pubescent above, pale or glaucous 
 beneath. Pedicels always with one line of pubescence, solitary or geminate, shorter 
 than the leaf, deflexed in fruit. Sepals very long and narrow ; wings with a large 
 rounded almost obovate clawed terminal lobe, and small linear lateral one. Capsule 
 ^ in., turgid in the middle, acute at both ends. Seeds few, almost globose, but a little 
 compressed, black shining. — Of this very variable plant there appear to be two extreme 
 and totally distinct forms, but the WalHchian specimens, which are all under-sized, are 
 so bad, that I cannot satisfactorily determine to which of them any of the synonyms 
 quoted above should apply. One of these two forms is usually shorter, and has all the 
 leaves ^-| in., petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, and sharply serrate ; it is the /. in- 
 conspicua of Wight's Icones, t. 970, /. tenella of Heyne, according to a specimen so 
 named in Bottler's Herbarium, but certainly not Eottler's tenella. The other extreme 
 form is much larger, with leaves 14-2 in., narrow-ligulate, remotely serrate, often 
 rounded or subcordate at the base; this is the I. filiformis of Wight's Herbarium, but 
 diflers from the description in Wight and Arnott in the pedicels not being confined to the 
 ■ uppermost leaves. /. mysorensis,y^&\\. Cat. 4743 B, is a very small state of inconspicua 
 and not the true plant. /. ramosissima, Dalz., referred in the Journ. Linn. Soc. to /. 
 tomentosa, Dalz., is another form, with a minute rudimentary spur. Between the ex- 
 treme forms there are innumerable connecting links ; and I retain the name inconspicua, 
 as the most applicable, the flowers being amongst the smallest of the genus. Beddome 
 adopts the synonymy of the Prodromus for /. inconspicua, and says that he does not 
 
448 XXXII. OERANIACE^. (§ Balsamineffi, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 know I. tevella (Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 82). Upon the whole, I am disposed to separate the 
 varieties as Q)llows : — 
 
 Var. 1. ivcompicua projycr ; stem 4-8 in. nsTially more robust, leaves ovate or ovate- 
 lanceolate petiolate stri-nglj serrate, peduncles usually short. I. inconspicua, WigJit Ic. 
 t. 970. 
 
 Var. 2. pusilfa; smaller, lower leaves more or less petioled lanceolate and serrate, 
 nppev longer narrow subbessile remotely serrate. I. pusilla, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 
 4<4.M. 
 
 \ AR. 3. fiUformis; slender and much branched, leaves subeessile very long slender 
 reri otely senate the lower sometimes petioled and lanceolate. I. filiformis, W. & A. 
 Prodr. 140 (a small few-flowcr»-d form). 
 
 Vak. 4. ramosisihna ; robust, much branched, leaves uniform short sessile oblong 
 nbiuse at both ends, lip with a very minute spnr. /. ramosusima, Dalz. in Hook. Kew 
 Joum. Bot. iii. 230. 
 
 19. Z. oppoBltlfolla, Linii.; erect, leaves .subsessile narrow-linear 
 elonerate remotely serrate, or the lower oblong or linear-oblong and petioled, 
 i<ti]nilea subulate, i>edicels quite glabrous, sepals linear acuminate, wings 
 with a broad ly-obovate clawed terminal lobe and a small lateral one, lip 
 conical ending in a short stout incurved spur. Wi\jht Ic. t. 883 ; W. d: A. 
 rrodr. 139 ; iJah. <(- G'ihs. Bomb. Fl. 43 ; //./ <{• T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 
 121. I. rosmarinifulia. Retz. Obs. v. 29; Ani. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 
 3:^5. Balsaniina rosmarinifolia and oppositifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 686. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, Canara, and the Concan, alt. 3-5000. Ceylon, abundant 
 fn m the sea-level to 7000 ft., TJucaitts. 
 
 Ihis is another plant so clo.stly allied to /. tenellfi and incorvtpicua^ that I do 
 not see how tlie.\ arc always ili.stin.i:ulisliablf, in a dried state at any rate, except by the 
 s}>ur and glabrnus pedicels. Ceylon specnniens are remarkably uniform, 12-18 in., erect, 
 t'.iuiple or t-paringly branched, stipulate with very n.irrow leaves 1^-3 in., flowers 4- j 
 in. long (from standard to tip of wings), and a short stout incurved spur; but Peninsu.ar 
 s])ecimen8 have more often broadly oblong shortlypetioled leaves, sometimes roundeil at 
 the lip. Kottler's specimens are excesnively slender and flaccid. The spur is tolerably 
 uniform in all, being horned, and the peduncles invariably glabrous; the capsule and 
 heed are quite like those of /. ivcormpicua. I had (in Linn. Joum.) referred to this 
 A\'ight"s figmc of 1. roernarinifolia, t. 750, which 1 am now disposed to refer to /. tenella 
 or incompicua. 
 
 20. X. reticulata, Wall. PI. As. Par. 19, t. 19; Cat. 4750; glabrous, 
 Fttin erect from a creeping ba.se Heshy 8im])le or branched, leaves all 
 opposite upper subsessile linear-oblong acute cuspidate-serrate base retuse, 
 1( wer often shortly petioled, sepals narrow linear, standard ovate acute, 
 w ings clawed, claw with a hooked process (lateral lobe) on eacli margin, 
 terminal lobe orbicular clawed, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a short 
 incurved spur. 
 
 Pegu near Rangoon, IVallich ; Moulmein, Ijohh. 
 
 Sum 6-12 in. ; branches o}iposite or alternate, obscurely 4-angular. Leaves 1-1 1 in.; 
 lower often narrow-obuvate acute. Flowers \ in. diani., rosy, nodding; fruiting pe- 
 duncles deflexed. Capsule \ in., elHpsoid, turgid in the n)iddle, narrowed at both ends 
 and beaked at the apex, glabrous. Seed-f few, subglobose, testa black sinning. — Very 
 nearly allied to /. opponitifolia, with which I have confounded it in Joum. Linn. Soc. ; 
 but the character of the 2 small lateral falcate recurved lateral lobes on each wing, is very 
 remarkable. I describe them from Wallich's figure, and assume Lobb's plant to be the 
 sauie, a point which can only be determined from living specimens. 
 
 21. X. Xiawli, //. /. ((: T. in Jovrn. Linn. Soc. iv. 122; erect, much 
 branched, leaves short sessile or subsessile ovate or oblong subserrate 
 sparsely scabrid above, stipules 0, pedicels with a line of liairs, sepals 
 
Impaticjis.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineye, Hook, f.) 449 
 
 linear-lanceolate, standard orbicular cuspidate, wings with very broadly 
 obovate subsessile terminal and small lateral lobes, lip boat-shaped 
 spurless. Dalz. (b Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 43. 
 
 Bababoodan bills in Malabar, Law. 
 
 Annual, 8-10 in. Stem rather stout, glabrous. Leaves |-1 in., smaller upwards, 
 acute, glabrous and pale beneath, the upper often cordate at the base. Pedicels about 
 equalling the leaves, sharply deflexed in Iruit. Flowers f in. diam. across the wings. 
 Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, acute at b )th ends. Seeds few, unripe, appai-ently as in /. 
 Kleiiiii. — Very distinct from any of the preceding specimens of this section in the form 
 of the wings. 
 
 22. X. Dalzellli, H.f. <k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 123 ; erect, spar- 
 ingly branched, quite glabrous, robust, leaves subsessile lower elliptic- 
 lanceolate, upper ovate or oblong-lanceolate from a broad or cordate base 
 spinulose-serrulate, stipules 0, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard sub- 
 orbicular hooded winged at the back, terminal wing-lobe clawed, lip boat- 
 shapepl with a very short spur. Dalz. <3& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 43. 
 
 Mountains of the Concan, Dalzell. 
 
 Stem stout, 10-18 in. high. Leaves 3-5 in., sometimes 1| in. broad, acuminate, 
 basal serratures often with long cilia. Pedicels solitary or fascicled on a very short 
 common peduncle, quite glabrous, shorter than the leaves, apparently not deflexed in 
 fruit. Flowers about 4 in across, yellow (structure not well made out). Capsules 
 nearly ^ in., ellipsoid. Seeds few, very large, broadly oblong, black, shining. — A very 
 distinct species, which diflfers from all of this section in the olten fascicled peduncles and 
 very large seeds. 
 
 23. Z. toxnentosa, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4751 ; more or less tomentose, 
 leaves nearly uniform very shortly petioled elliptic- or oblong-ovate acute 
 or obtuse serrulate hispid above glabrous or tomentose on the nerves 
 beneath, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard oblong, wings with a broad 
 sessile terminal and small lateral lobe, lip saccate. Dalz. fk Gibs. Bomb. 
 Flor. 43; Wight Ic. t. 749 ; //./. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 121 {excl. syn. 
 of ramosissima) ; W. ch A. Prodr. 139. I. rufescens, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 
 4747 ; W. d'. A. Prodr. 138 ; Wight Ic. t. 969. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar and Travancor, alt. 3-7000 ft., common in swamps. 
 
 Stem 4-8 in., usually simple, erect, more or less clothed with crisped rufescent hairs 
 above, which also appear on the pedicels and often on the nerves of the leaf beneath. 
 Leaves 4-1 in., short, uniform, obtuse or acute, more or less scabrid or tomentose above; 
 nerves beneath few. Pedicels always solitary, longer or shorter than the leaf, deflexed 
 in fruit. Flowers very variable in size, longest dit meter (^-^ in.) through the lip be- 
 cause of its being so saccate, more or less pubescent ; wings short, terminal lobe 
 rounded; lip obtusely conical. Capsule and seeds as in /. oppositifolia, &c. — Wight 
 figures a short apical spur in /. rufescens, but I do not find it in any of the specimens, 
 and I do not think that tomentosa and it are separable as permanent varieties. On the 
 other hand, Wight's figure of /. rufescens differs so much from that of his I. tomentosa, 
 that it seems best to rank these provisionally as varieties. 
 
 Var. 1. tomentosa; flower 4 in. long from tip of lip to that of standard, wings with an 
 oblong lateral lobe incumbent on a large terminal one, lip saccate with a short hooked 
 spur. Wight I.e. 
 
 Var. 2. rufescens ; flowers twice as long as in var. 1, lip shortly saccate spurless. 
 Wight I.e. 
 
 24. I. conclnna, //. /. ; small, glabrous, branches opposite, leaves 
 uniform opposite subsessile ovate or ovate-cordate acute sharply serrate, 
 nerves strong beneath, sepals dimidiate-lanceolate as Ions as the lip, 
 standard orbicular spurred, wings 2-lobed, the terminal clawed dimidiate- 
 
 VOL. I. . G G 
 
450 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook.^f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 ovate, lip boat-shaped with a very short curved spur. L Gardneriana, Wight 
 Herb, not of the Icones. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, Wight. 
 
 Annual, erect, 6-10 in., rather stout; branches opposite, ascending. Leaves 4-f in., 
 lower serratures almost setaceous ; stipules setaceous or obsolete. Pedicels rather 
 shorter than the leaves, l^nvtrs ^ in. diaiu., remarkable for the length of the sepals, 
 apparently purple. Capsule erect, ^ in., acute at both ends, very turgid in the middle. 
 ^eds very few and large, subcompressed, rather broader than long, testa black shining. 
 — Ihis has much the habit of/, tomentosa^ but it is glabrous with ovate very acutely 
 serrate leaves, and diiferent flowers. The pedicels show no disposition to be deflexed. 
 
 25. I. salicifolia, //. /. <Sc T. in Jom-n. Linn. JSoc. iv. 124 ; erect, 
 stout, tomentose, leaves shortly petioled lanceolate serrate all opposite or 
 lower opi)osite upper whorled, peduncles solitary or fascicled on a common 
 peduncle sometimes 2-flowered, stipules subulate or 0, tiowers large, sepals 
 subulate-lanceolate, standard obovate keeled, lip deeply saccate with a 
 short stout hooked spur. 
 
 Khasia Mt8., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 /Stem stout, 1-2 ft., with spreadiug opposite branches. Leaves 2-5 in., acununate at 
 both ends, membranous, tomentose or glabrate on both surfaces, serratures small, the 
 basal long-ciliate. Injiorescence very variable, of slender l-flowered pedicels that are 
 sohtary or fascicled or collected into a many-flowered axillary cyme, with subulate brac- 
 teoles. Flowers dark pmple, nearly triangular in protile, and 3 in. from tlie tip of the 
 spur 10 that of the standard. Capsule \ in., elliptic-lanceolate. iSecds immature. — 
 / saZai/b/iV/, Turcz., published in the Moscow Bulletin in the year previous to this 
 (in the Linnean Journal, 1860) is, I suspect, /. Balsamina. 
 
 A III.— SUBVERTlCILLATuE. 
 
 * Peduncles \-fioivered. See I. parvifolia in **. 
 
 26. Z. latifolia, Linn. ; tall, stout, erect, branched, quite glabrous, leaves 
 subopposite and whorled petioled ovate-lanceolate crenate, sepals ovate 
 cusi)idate, standard broad 2-lobed spurred behind, wings broad 2-lobed, lip 
 boat-.shaped, spur long slender straight or incurved. Wall. Cat. 4737 ; 
 W.d: A. Prodr. 1.38 in part; Dalz. d' Gibs. Jiwnb. Fl. 44; U.f. & T. in 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 124 {excl. some syn.) ; Miq. III. Flor. Arch. Ind. 93. 
 I. cuspidata, W. tb A. in Hook. Cmnp. Lot Mag. i. 321 ; Wight Ic. t. 741 ; 
 Thwades Enum. 65. Balsamina latifolia, DC Prodr. i. 686. — liheede llort. 
 Mai. ix. t. 48. 
 
 Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from Concan to Travancok, alt. 3-7000 ft. ; 
 Ceylon, alt. 4-7000 ft, — Distrib. Java, tid. Miguel. 
 
 A robust plant, annual? 2-3 ft. high; stem as thick as the finger below, branches 
 alternate. Leaves membranous, 2-5 in., acuminate, base always acute, crenatures 
 often setose. Flowers 1-1 f in. diam,, pale purple, perianth rotate. ^Standard larger 
 tlian the wings, which have a large retuse basal and narrower tenninal lobe ; lip green, 
 as is the spur. Capsule 1 in., elliptic, turgid, quite glabrous. iSeeds few, large, oblong, com- 
 pressed; testa thick, opaque, reticulate. — A Nilghiri s^pei iuien of Gardner's has long 
 cilia on the petiole and alternate leaves. Thwaites remarks the variability of the large 
 lobes of fhe wings. I have not cited under this the /. latifolia of Bot. Mag. t. 5625, 
 which has very alternate leaves, and must hence be referred to l.jiaccida. 1 hese species 
 are undistinguishable in herbarium specimens, though so different in the seeds. 
 
 27. I. LescheiKiultii, Wall. Cat. 4739 ; almost shrubby, leafy, 
 glaorous, leaves opposite and alternate spreading and recurved petioled 
 ovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute crenate, sepals ovate acuminate, 
 
] XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 451 
 
 standard 2-lobed spurred at the back, win^s 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur 
 slender incurved. ^F. (&: A. Prodr. 136; Wight Ic. t. 970, hu; H.f. dc T. in 
 Jotirn. Linn. Soc. iv. 125. Balsamina Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr. i. 686. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar and Tiiavancor, alt, 3-7000 ft. 
 
 A very near ally of /. latifolia, but I think distinct, especially in the excessively 
 branched and leafy habit, much smaller, crowded, usually recurved leaves, and smaller 
 flowers and capsules. De CandoUe is, no doubt, wrong in assigning Ceylon as a 
 habitat, except, indeed, he took /. latifolia for this. Leschenault, its discoverer, col- 
 lected in the Peninsula. 
 
 28. I. lucida, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4738 ; nearly glabrous, flaccid, 
 stem very slender, leaves chiefly opposite and whorled petioled ovate or 
 ovate -lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles very slender, flowers small, 
 sepals ovate acuminate, standard suborbicular beaked entire, wings 2-lobed, 
 lip boat-shaped with a long incurved slender spur. 1. latifolia, W. (h A. 
 Prodr. 138. 
 
 Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Malabar. 
 
 Numerous specimens of this from Law, Stocks, Wight and others, show it to be a 
 very different species from /. latifolia, being much smaller in all its parts, 4-8 in. 
 high, sparingly branched, very slender and flaccid ; with a small flower ^ in. diam., and 
 a small entire orbicular standard. The crenatures of the leaf, which is spai'sely hairy 
 above, are rarely setigerous. A specimen in Bottler's Herbarium bears the name 
 liicida, Heyne, and station Courtailum, spelled Kuttalam. This may be a form of 
 I.Jlaccida, with the leaves sometimes opposite. 
 
 ** Peduncles 2- go rarely \-Jlowered. 8ee I. fimbriata and janthina m 
 Avii. 
 
 29. Z. radicans, Benth. i7i Wall, Cat. 4763 ; pubescent, stem simple 
 erect leafy, leaves opposite subsessile stipulate lanceolate acuminate serrate, 
 peduncles horizontal, flowers 1-4 large, standard galeate, wings small, 
 lip saccate obtuse, spur short hooked. H.f. d' T. in Journ. Linn. iSoc. 
 iv. 126. 
 
 Khasia Mts., in marshes, alt. 4-6000 ft., Wallich, Griffith, &c. 
 
 A beautiful species, 10-18 in., more or less crisply hairy on the stem and leaves 
 above, rarely glabrate. /Stem square. Leaves 1-3 in., sometimes ovate- or oblong- 
 lanceolate, the serratures often ciliate, pale beneath ; stipules of 2 fascicles of soft gland- 
 tipped setae. Peduncles slender, shorter than the leaves, with as many lanceolate brac- 
 teoles as there are pedicels. Flowers nearly 1 in. across and as deep, purple ; sepals 
 very variable, dimidiate-ovate or lanceolate, straight or falcate ; standard with a dor.sal 
 conical obtuse horn or gibbosity ; wings 2-lobed ; lip very obtuse, longer than broad ; spur 
 incurved. Capsule | in,, glabrous, ellipsoid, turgid in the middle. /Seeds oblong, com- 
 pressed ; testa pale, membranous, 
 
 30. I. trilobata, Caleb, in Rook. Exot. Flor. ii. t. ]4I ; tall, alternately 
 branched, almost glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate all or the lower 
 only long-petioled lanceolate or ovate-lancec^late crenate -serrate stipulate, 
 peduncles horizontal, flowers 2-5 large, sepals minute subsetaceous, standard 
 obcordate, lip saccate obtuse or conical, spur long or short. Wall. 
 Cat 4.762 A, and 4763 (Pundua) ; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 126. 
 
 Tropical Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 2-4000 ft., and Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft. 
 
 A very variable and, beautiful species, 1-2 ft. Leaves membranous, sparsely hairy 
 above, lower 2-5 in, usually long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate long-acumiuate crenate, 
 the upper more often sessile lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, all often ciliate towards the 
 base; stipules usually of large tufts of soft cilia. Peduncles very slender, shorter than 
 the leaves; bracts minute or 0. Flowers ^-f in. from base of lip to tip of standard, 
 which is horned at the back, bright violet-purple ; wings 2-iubed, but not deeply, notched 
 
 GU 2 
 
452 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamine», Hook, f.) [Imimtiens. 
 
 on the inner margin, lobes rounded-oblnng, sometimes elongate ; lip very variable, some- 
 times conoid and produced into a slender curved spur, at others obtuse, abruptly spurred, 
 or gibbous above the spur. Capsule and seeds as in (92) /. tripetala. — The figures in 
 the Exotic Flora represent etiolated fluwers. 
 
 31. Z. flavida, //. / d: T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 127; erect, 
 quite glabrous, leaves opposite and 3-nately whorled all long-petioled 
 ovate-lanceolate minutely serrulate, stipules obsolete, flowers 2-4-subum- 
 belled yellow, bracts recurved, standard obovate, wings small, lip saccate 
 obtuse, s])ur stout incurved. Wall. Cat. 47G3 {with I. trilobata). 
 
 Eastekx Bengal; Silhet and Cachar, in woods, Wallich, &c. ; Mishmi Mts. and 
 Upper Assam, Griffith. 
 
 A branched annual, not easily distinguished in a dried state from states of I. trilo- 
 hfita, excejit by the leaves being more constantly quite glabrous above, the stipules being 
 obsolete, and the leaves not ciliate towards the base. Peduncles often opposite and 
 usually erect ; bracts apparently always recurved. Floicers ^ in. from the base of the 
 lip to the tip of the standard, duty gamboge-yellow ; spur thick, hooked; wings with 2 
 rounded lobes, the terminal purplish. 
 
 32. Z. vertlclllata, Wight in Mad?-. Jour. v. 15 ; glabrous, erect, 
 leaves opposite and in whorls of 3 and 6 short-petioled narrow-lanceolate, 
 stipules subulate, flowers umbelled, wings broad 2-lobed, terminal lobe 
 elongate, lip boat-shaped with along very slender spur. IJ.f. d: T. in 
 Joum. Linn. *b'oc. iv. 129. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar; in gravelly beds of streams, at Sivagherry, Wight ; Cochin, 
 Johnstone. 
 
 Herbaceous, diffuse ; stem 6-18 in., subsimple, naked below, swollen at the joints, terete. 
 Leaves 4-6 in., usually 4-6 in a whorl, much narrowed at both ends, ciliatc-serrate. 
 Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2-qo -flowered, bracts subulate. Flowers | in. djam., 
 crimson, perianth subrotate ; standard suborbicular-oblong ; wings deeply 2-lobt'd, 
 terminal lobe elongate, dimidiate-oblong ; lip boat-shaped ; spur f-1 in., nearly straight 
 or with an incurved tip, very slender indeed. Capsule erect or inclined (oblong obtusely 
 5-angled, Wight). 
 
 33. Z. Gou^hil, Wight Lll.i. 160; Tc. t. 1603; small, slender, quite 
 glabrous, leaves mostly opposite petioled ovate crenate-serrate, peduncles 
 capillary viscid exceeding the leaves 4-6-flowered, flowers minute, standard 
 obovate retuse, wings 2-lobed, lobes short truncate and retuse, lip boat- 
 shaped with a straight spur shorter than the flower. U. f. d' T. in Joum. 
 Linn. jSoc. iv. 130. I. pulniensis, Bedd. in Madr.Joum. iii. 176. I. anamal- 
 layensis, Bedd. in Madr. Joum N.8. iv. 68, t. 7, f . 8 ; Ic. PL Lnd. Or. 30, 
 t. 150. I. circaeoides, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Lmp. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. 594. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar and Travancor ; Nilghiri Mts. at Pycarrah, Gough; 
 Anamallay and Pulney Mts. by streams, alt. 7-8000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A very slender glabrous simple or branched annual, 4-8 in. high, supporting itself 
 amongst herbage (Wight). Leaves ^-| in., petiole half as long or longer, subacute, 
 base rounded, nerves few, serratures not ciliate ; stipules obsolete. Peduncles tei-minal, 
 often numerous. Flowers ^-\ in. diam., 4-8, umbelled, pink ; bracts minute, seta- 
 ceous ; sepals minute, falcate ; standard mucronate in the retuse apex ; wings with 
 very variable lobes, the lower 2-lobed according to Beddome ; spur shorter than the 
 flower. Cap/tule ^V i^) erect, ellipsoid, acute at both ends. Seeds few, clothed with 
 hairs. — Beddome (Ic. PI. lnd. Or. p. 32) identifies his /. viscosa with Goughii; but his 
 t^pecimens of/ anamallayensis are certainly identical with Goughii, and u/occsa appears 
 to me to be a d ff'erent plant, with a long spur ; his figure of anamallayensis represents 
 a coarser plant than his .specimen, with very hairy upper surface of the leaves, which, 
 however, he describes as having but few distant hairs: he further describes it in his 
 Icones (not in the Madr. Jour.) as having a ligulate appendage to the wings, which is 
 
Impatiem.] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 453 
 
 hidden in the spur. The wings are probably very variable : the drawing in Beddome's 
 Icones does not resemble that in the Madr. Journal (and neither are like Wight's 
 figure) ; there is a short subulate process on their inner margin, close above the spur, 
 which may descend into it. 
 
 34. X. vlscosa, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. N.s. iv. 68, t. 7, f. 7 ; stem petioles 
 and peduncles viscidly pubescent, leaves opposite long-petioled elliptic or 
 ovate obtuse or acute subcrenate, peduncles exceeding the leaves 6-12- 
 flowered, flowers minute umbelled, standard suborbicular, wings 2-lobed 
 terminal lobe the largest clawed, lip conical, spur curved gibbous longer 
 than the flower, seeds echinate. 
 
 Anaraallay hills in Malabar, alt. 3500 ft,, Beddome. 
 
 Probably a variety of /. Goughii, from which it differs in the stem and branches and 
 sometimes the leaves being viscid, the usually larger size, faint crenatures of the leaves, 
 longer spur, and (according to Beddome) the echinate ripe seeds which are matted with 
 hair when young. The wings are, as usual, very vaiiable, sometimes exactly as in 
 Wight's figure of OougJdi, and there is, as in that plant, a subulate process on their 
 inner margin close to the base, which is hidden in the lip. 
 
 35. Z. parvifolia, Bedd. m Madr. Journ. n.s. iv. 66, t. 7, f. 1; Ic. PI Ind. 
 Or. 29, t. 142 ; glabrous, small, stem very slender branched, leaves alternate 
 and opposite very small ovate coarsely crenate-serrate, peduncles axillary 
 much longer than the leaves, flowers 3-5 very small racemose, standard subor- 
 bicular, wings with a large triangular terminal lobe, lip boat-shaped, spur 
 short blunt, seeds villous. 
 
 Malabar ; on rocks at the top of the Akka Mts., alt. 8-8600 ft., Beddome. 
 
 Much the smallest known species. Stem 3-6 in., apparently prostrate. Leaves ^-^ in., 
 opposite and alternate, sessile or petioled, the lower usually opposite and upper alter- 
 nate. Peduncles very stout and long for the size of the plant, often 1-1 4 in., spreading, 
 axillary, solitary ; bracts minute. Flowers \ in. diam., pale pink with a crimson blotch 
 on the wing; sepals falcate; standard small, vaulted; wings with a small upper and 
 large terminal lobe ;.lip greenish. Capsule apparently as in /. Goughii. — Description 
 taken chiefly from Beddome. In the Kew specimens the peduncles are almost always 
 single- flowered. 
 
 36. I. circaeoides, Wall. Cat. 4772 ; small, glabrous, stem simple, 
 leaves few opposite long-petioled broadly ovate subserrate, peduncle solitary 
 filiform, flower subracemose, sepals orbicular acuminate, standard small, 
 wings large, lip concave, spur very short. H. f. & T. in Joui-n. ^Liun. 
 Boc. iv. 130. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Wallich ; Pegu, McClelland. 
 
 Stem very slender and quite simple, 4-6 in. Leaves 2-4 pairs, 2 by \\-\\, in., gla- 
 brous, with a few scattered hairs on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, acute, serratures 
 subciliate, nerves many slender; petiole very slender; stipules obscure, glandular. 
 Peduncle shorter than the leaf; bracts small, ovate ; pedicels short. Flowers about 
 i in. diam., white ? ; sepals green ; terminal lobe of wing long-clawed, pendulous. 
 Capsule short. — The above is an imperfect description, the specimens being very in- 
 different. 
 
 A IV.— Uniflor^. 
 
 ' * Spur much shorter than the flower or 0, sometimes longer in /. Bal- 
 samina, and /. lepi/jpoda. 
 
 37. Z. Balsaxuina, Linn. ; pubescent or glabrate, leaves petioled nar- 
 row-lanceolate acuminate deeply serrate, petiole glandular, flowers rose- 
 coloured, sepals broad-ovate minute, standard orbicular retuse, wings very 
 broad lateral lobe much rounded, terminal sessile very large, lip small 
 conoid, spur* short or long and slender incurved, capsule tomentose. ^Y. <i' 
 
454 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineap, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 A. Prodr. 135 ; H. /. di' T. in Joum. Linn, Soc. iv. 130; ?I. Lobbiana and 
 salicitolia, 2\ircz. in Bull. Mosc. 1859, i. 270, 271. 
 
 Throughout tropical and subtropical India and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Islands 
 and China. ^ / 
 
 The common garden Balsam is a very variable plant in habit, pubescence, size and 
 colour of flower, breadth of leaf, shape of lip, and length of spur. Capsule |-4in., 
 ellii)soid, narrowed at both ends, densely tomentose or woolly. iSeeds globose ; testa 
 black, opaque, tul)ercled. 
 
 Var. 1. vulgaris; tall, leaves broadly lanceolate, flowers large, spur short. I. Balsa- 
 mina, Linn.; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 651; Wall. Cat. 4731. Balsaraina hortensis, DC. Prodr. 
 i. 6S5.—Pkeede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 52. 
 
 Var. 2. coccinea ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, flowers medium-sized, spur long and 
 slender. I. Balsamina, D.tlz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 44. I. coccinea. Wall. Cat. 47.S2 ; Bot. 
 Mag. 1256. l.cornuta, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 4733. I. longifolia, Wight in Wall. Cat. 
 4734. Balsamina coccinea n)id corniita, DC. Prodr. i. 685-6. 
 
 Vak. 3. arcuata; diffusely branched, leaves small narrow-lanceolate, flowers small, 
 ppur long slender arcuate. 1. arcuata. Wall Cat. 4785; W. d; A. Prodr. 136. — 
 Western Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 4. inacrantha; small, 4 in., leaves ovate-lanceolate, flower large, spur short. — 
 Westeni Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 5. micranthn ; small, stem simple, leaves small ovate-lanceolate, flowers small, 
 spur long slender. — Western Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 6. rosea; tall, leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers rather small, lip saccate, spur 
 short incurved. I. rosea, Lindl. Bot. litg. 1841, t. 27. — Western Himalaya. 
 
 38. Z. Bcabriuscula, Heyne in Roxb. FL Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 404 ; short, 
 erect, branched, tomentose, leaves petioled lanceolate or obovate serrate, 
 peduncles short, se|)alH minute, standard orbicular winj^ed^ wings 2-Iobed, 
 lip boat-shaped tomentose, spur 0. Wall. Cat. 4720, 473G, m part ; Am. in 
 Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 ; Bedd. Tc. PI. Ind. Or. 29, t. 144 ; H.f. d- T. 
 in Joum. Linn. ISoc. iv. 131. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, from the Southern Concan to Wynaad and Kurg, alt. 
 2-4000 ft. 
 
 Usually much branched from the base, 4-10 in. high. Leaves uniform, 1-2 in. ; 
 petiole hardly glandular, variable in length. Btdmuins short, scabrid. Floicers 4 in. 
 diam., pink ; sepnls, lip, and standard usually very hairy. Cap.^ule ^ in. long, ellip- 
 soid, uiucronate, villous, iiccda few, globose ; testa opaque, dark brown, tubercled. ' 
 
 39. Z. grlandulifera, Am. in Hook. Conip). Bot. Mag. ii. 322; almost 
 shrubby, leaves subterminal 4-8 in. glabrous ovate or elliptic-lanceolate 
 acuminate serrulate, petiole very long glandular, flowers fascicled axillary 
 and sliortly pedicelled, sepals subulate, standard orbicular 2-lobud spurred 
 behind, wings 2-lobed Literal lobe small rounded, terminal broad half-obovate 
 pendulous, lip saccate hairy, spur short minute. Thwaitts Ennm. GG ; H.f. 
 <k T. in Joum. Linn. iSoc. iv. 131. 1. cornigera, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4623, not 
 of Arnott. 
 
 Central province of Ceylon, alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 IStem 1-6 ft., very robust. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, serratures very small 
 ciiiolate and setigerous ; petiole 1-3 in., usually with pedicelled glands. Flowers rose- 
 coloured, 1^ in. long; pedicels pubescent, short; standard with a large green spur 
 behind ; Hp sometimes conoid and almost glabrous ; spur involute. Capsule unknown. 
 
 40. Z. xnacrophylla, Gardner in Bot. Mag. t. 4662 ; almost shrubby, 
 stem very thick, leaves subterminal 6-16 in. usually pubescent beneath 
 ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrate, petiole very long glandular, flowers 
 mostly fascicled on the stem below the leaves shortly pedicelled, sepals 
 
Impatiens.] xxxii. geraniaceze. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 455 
 
 minute, standard small elliptic acuminate with a long beak, wings very 
 small 2-lobed included in the lip, lip saccate, spur short involute.- fff. i; 
 T. in Journ. Linn. iSoc. iv. 132. I. glandulifera var. ? Am. in Hook. Comp, 
 Bot. Mag. I 323. 
 
 Mountains of Ceylon, alt. 5-7000 ft. 
 
 Stem asthick as the thumb, 10-12 ft. high, naked below. Leaves very like those of 
 I glandulifera, but even larger, and petioles as in it, with pedicelled glands. Flowers 
 I in. long, orange-red, quite glabrous, with a remarkably small beaked standard and 
 wings. Capsule ^ in , very turgid, straight, beaked, quite glabrous. Seeds not ripe. — 
 A noble species in habit and foUage. 
 
 41. X« repens, Moon Cat. 18 ; glabrous, creeping, diffusely branched, 
 leaves long-petioled ovate cordate or reniform, pedicels very long, standard 
 orbicular spurred behind, wing-lobes short broad, lip subconoid, spur short 
 incurved. Wig lit III i. 160, t. 61 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4404; H.f. <& T. in 
 Journ. Linn. hoc. iv. 132. 
 
 Southern and Central parts of Ceylon, at no great elevation. 
 
 A slender creeping much branched and perfectly glabrous plant. Leaves \-\ in. 
 diam., acute; petiole 1 in. Flowers yellow, f in. diam. Capsule and seeds un- 
 known. 
 
 42. X. leptopoda, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 321 ; erect, 
 branched, quite glabrous, slender, leaves long-petioled ovate or lanceolate 
 acuminate crenate-serrate, pedicels long axillary subsolitary, flowers 
 small, standard obcordate spurred at the back, wings 2-lobed broad hori- 
 zontal, lip boat-shaped, spur long or short. Tliwaites Enum. 65 \ H.f. ^ T. 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 132. I. brevicornu and I. gibbosa, Arn. I.e. 
 
 Mountain woods of Ceylon, alt. 5-8000 ft. 
 
 A flaccid variable herb, 1-3 ft. high ; stem often prostrate and rooting at the base, 
 sometimes almost woody below. Leavas 1-3 in., membranous, sometimes ciliate to- 
 wards the base, young usually puberulous, nerves many ; petiole very variable in length, 
 sometimes with stipitate glands. Flowers about ^ in. diam.; pedicels very slender; 
 perianth rotate, rosy ; sepals small, oblong-lanceolate ; lobes of wings subequal, flat ; 
 spur sometimes f in,, and very slender, at others reduced to a mere tubercle. Capsules 
 |-4 in., erect, ellipsoid, beaked. Seeds immature. 
 
 43. I. truncata, Tliwaites Enum. QQ\ weak, slender, diffusely branched, 
 leaves I'-ll in. petioled ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrate sparsely 
 pubescent above, pedicels 1-3 slender bracteate and small, flowers pubescent, 
 stcmdard orbicular cuspidate, wings unequally 2-lobed spreading, lip conoid, 
 spur short curved. H.f. (& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 133. 
 
 Mountain woods of Ceylon, alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 Closely allied to /. leptopoda, and probably a variety of that plant, with diffuse stems 
 and hairy leaves peduncle and flowers, but of which Thwaites enumerates a variety, 
 subglabra, which is almost glabrous. Young capsules pilose, Thw. 
 
 44. X. pendula, Heyrw in Wall. Cat. 4744 ; very small, erect, slender, 
 branched, almost glabrous, leaves y-\ in. petioled elliptic-ovate or subcor- 
 date acute remotely serrate, pedicels solitary fruiting deflexed, flowers 
 minute glabrous, standard spurred at the back, lip concave not spurred. 
 W. d^ A. Frodr. 137 ; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 133. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, at Bababood, Heyne. 
 
 The specimens of this do not suiiice tor a good description ; it is evidently closely 
 
 , allied to 1. inconspicua, tenella, and other species with minute flowers, opposite leaves 
 
 and deflexed fruiting peduncles. Stem 4-6 in. ; branches with a faiut line of pubescence 
 
456 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineec, Hook, f.) \Iinpatiens. 
 
 on one side. Leaves with few nerves. Pedicels shorter than the leaves, minutely 
 pubescent. Flowers \ in. diam. Capsule | in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. 
 
 45. Z. mysorensis, Roth Nov. Plant. Sp. 164; stem very slender 
 glabrous, leaves alteruate petioled lanceolate acuminate remotely serrulate, 
 pedicels 1-2 axillary, flowers very small, sepals minute, standard sul)orbi- 
 cular gibbous at the back, terminal lobe of wing largest, lip boat-shaped, 
 spur short straight, capsule tomentose. Wall. Cat. 4743 C; W.<i' A. Prodr. 
 137 ; //./. ^ T. in Journ. Linn. Sac. iv. 133. Balsamina mysorensis, DC 
 Prodr. i. 686. 
 
 Mysore, Ueyne. 
 
 /Stem 6-10 in. Leaves IJ in., quite glabrous. Pedicels half the length of the 
 leaves or less. Flowers red, about ^ in. diain. ; spur about half the length of the lip, 
 which is acuminate. Capsule unripe, i in. ellipsoid. — A very obscure plant, belonging 
 apparently to the section with (18) /. i/iconsplcua,. hut -with leaves all alternate and a 
 very tomentose capsule. Wight & Ainott, in the Prodromus quote Wight Cat. n. 979, 
 under this species, but give no particulars, taking the description almost entirely from 
 Ivoth. I find a good authentically named specimen in Bottler's Herbarium, communi- 
 cated by Heyne himself in 1801, and marked mysorensis, nobis, in Rottler's hand- 
 writing. 
 
 46. Z. Parlshii, II. f.; glabrous, stem very thick and fleshy, leaves 
 large long-petioled elliptic or ovate serrulate, pedicels solitary in the upper 
 axils capillary, sepals very large orbicular-ovate, standard broadly orbicular, 
 wings not lobed very obliquely trapezoid acute projecting furw.irds, lip 
 small oblong concave with a basal gibbosity or very short spur. 
 
 Tenasserim ; on limestone rock«, near Moulmein, Parish. 
 
 The Kev. Mr. Parish describes this very curious species as a " biennial or perennial 
 fleshy short-stemmed plant, 10-24 in. high, slightly branched, with large handsome 
 flowers, which are single in the axils of the upper leaves;" and .suggests the names for 
 it of la^is or lavicaulis, which, not being significant in so glabrous a genus, 1 have 
 ventured to replace by that of its excellent discoverer. It is descnbed above partly from 
 imperfect specimens communicated by himself and partly from his drawing. jStem as 
 thick as the finger, short, smooth. Leaves 5-7 in., membranous, straight or oblique, base 
 sometimes slightly cordate ; nerves many, arched ; petiole 2-3 in., slender, sometimes 
 2-glandular at the top. Flowers 2 in. long from tip of wing to that of standard, white 
 \\nth red streaks on the wings and lip ; sepals ^-^ in., concave, acute ; wings project- 
 ing forward, the lateral lobes not distinct from the terminal, turned upward and falcate, 
 the rest of the lobe triangular with straight inner edges and acute apex; lip very small, 
 horizontal, the spur a gibbosity, green. Capsule unknown. 
 
 47. Z. capilllpes, //. /. d^ T. in Journ. Linn. Sac. iv. 135; very 
 slender, glabrous, diffusely branched, leaves long-petioled lanceolate caudate- 
 acuminate, crenate, pedicels 1-2 axillary capillary, flowers very small, 
 sepals falcate, standard very long erect linear-oblong, wings short lobes 
 rounded acuminate, lip saccate, base rounded with a short slender spur. 
 
 Tenasserim ; Moulmein, on limestone rocks, Lobb, Parish. 
 
 Stem 6-10 in., branches long. Leaves 2-5 in., very narrow, flaccid, many-nerved, 
 narrowed into the slender naked petiole. Pedicels 4-4 in., extraordinarily slender. 
 Floioers white ? | in. from the top of the standard to the base of the spur ; sepals linear, 
 obtuse ; standard remarkably long, obtuse, concave ; wings lobed to the middle, lateral 
 lobe much the largest, sides rounded, acute, tips of both lobes pointed downwards. Cap- 
 side \ in., trapezoid, acuminate, contracted at the base, like that of (87) /. racemulosa. 
 Seeds unripe. 
 
 ** Spur longer than the flower. {See I. Balsamina aw(/ leptopoda in *.) 
 4«. Z. XHunronii, Wight III. I 160; /c. t. 1049; softly hairy, stem hard 
 
Impatiens.] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 457 
 
 flexuous branched, leaves towards the ends of the branches petioled elliptic 
 acuminate serrulate, pedicels slender, sepals large as long as the wings, 
 standard orbicular winged at the back, wings short 2-lobed to the middle, 
 spur trumpet-shaped villous ending in a long stout incurved spur. B. f. <k T. 
 in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 133. I. eriantha, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 
 1859, i. 270. 
 
 Western Nilghirts, at Sisparah, alt. 5-7000 ft., in shady places. 
 
 Suff'ruticose, 1-2 ft., stem terete, somewhat woody; branches spreading, nodose. 
 Leaves 1 ^-3 in., membranous, covered with soft scattered hairs on both surfaces, teeth 
 small glandular, nerves faint; petiole 4-2 in., hairy. Pedicels |-14 in., hairy. Flowers 
 (white and red, ^ft^cZome) about I in. long; sepals very large, acuminate; wings and 
 standard very small ; spur hirsute. Ovary hairy. Capsule hairy. Seeds glabrous, 
 (Wight.) 
 
 49. I. dasysperma, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 7. t. 2 ; Ic. t. 742 ; 
 herbaceous, flaccid, erect, branched, leaves petioled elliptic or ovate 
 acuminate crenate, petiole often glandular, pedicel usually solitary- 
 slender, flowers rather small, sepals minute, standard obcordate, wings 
 spreading deeply 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur very long and slender. 
 H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 134. 
 
 Malabar, in woods and plains, ascending to 3000 ft. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., branches sometimes opposite. Leaves always alternate, 2-3 in., 
 slightly hairy on the upper surface, glabrous beneath ; crenatures large, not setigerous ; 
 petiole ^-2 in., sometimes with stipitate glands. Pedicels equalling or exceeding the 
 petioles, very slender. Flowers ^-f in. diam.; standard cuspidate ; wings very diver- 
 gent ; lobes subequal, obovate, retuse ; spur incurved, exceeding the flower, very hairy. 
 Capsule I in., very obliquely ovoid, turgid, glabrous, pointed at both ends. Seeds sub- 
 globose, hairy, numerous. 
 
 50. Z. flaccida, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 ; slender, erect 
 sparingly branched, glabrous, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate crenate, 
 sepals ovate, standard broad 2-lobed, spurred behind, wings broad 2-lobed, 
 lip boat-shaped, spur long slender, capsule glabrous, seeds globose 
 tubercled. Thwaites Enum. 65 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5276, and I. latifolia, 
 t. 5625. I. bipartita, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 % I. floribunda, 
 Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 7. I. bifida, Thunh. Prodr. PI. Cap. 41. I. lati- 
 folia, Moo7i Cat. 18. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar; forests of the Sivagherry hills, alt. 4000 ft., Wight; 
 Ceylon, abundant to 3000 ft., Thwaites, &c. 
 
 Stem 6-18 in., branched above. Leaves 2-5 in., membranous; petiole with stalked 
 glands or naked. Pedicels solitary or several. Flowers rose-purple, f-l^ in. diam. ; 
 wings very variable ; spur 1^ in., very slender, sometimes 2-fid to the middle. Capsule 
 \ in., ellipsoid, acuminate, quite glabrous. Seeds numerous, opaque, tnberculate with 
 pale papillae. — So similar in most characters to I. latifolia, that it is difficult to separate 
 these species in the Herbaria. I.flaceida is, however, a smaller plant, more slender, 
 with never opposite leaves, and has globose pubescent seeds, very different from those of 
 7. latifolia. I have brought the alternate-leaved plants (/. latifulia, Bot. Mag. t. 5625, 
 /. hipartita, Am., I. floribunda, Wight, and 7. bifida, Thunb.) to this, from 7. latifolia, 
 under which I had placed them before, because of their alteraate leaves, though some 
 or all may be alternate-leaved specimens of 7. latifolia. The specimen of what I sup- 
 pose to be this plant in the Linnean Herbarium has no name or habitat, and Thunberg 
 has founded his 7. bifida on it, because of its abnormally bifid spur, supposing it to 
 have been a native of the Cape, where there is nothing at all like it. 
 
 51. Z. violseflora, H. j. ; very slender, erect, glabrous, simple or 
 sparingly branched, leaves petioled very membranous elliptic-lanceolate 
 
458 xxxTi. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Imjpatiens. 
 
 acuminate crenate-serrulate, pedicels axillary solitary or few slender, 
 sepals minute, standard broadly obcordate, wings 2-lobed spreading, lobes 
 obovate lateral rounded terminal retuse or 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur 
 very long straight and slender, capsule puberulous. I. tiaccida, var. /3, JI. /. 
 & T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 134. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Moulruein, Lohh. 
 
 Very similar to /. flaccida, but the lobes of the wings are longer and narrower, 
 the standard is obcordate and not spurred behind, and the capsule is smaller and 
 puberulous. 
 
 52. Z. pulcherrima, Dah.' in Hook. Lond. Joiim. Bot ii. 37 ; stout, 
 succulent, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled ovate-lanceolate acuminate, 
 pedicels 2-3 erect, sejials 2-tid minute, standard orbicular notched or 
 spurred at the back, wings very broad 2-tid, lip boat-shaped or conoid, si)ur 
 long stout curved, capsule glabrous, seeds large obovate rugose. 11 oak. Lot. 
 Mag. t. 4615 ; H. f. <i' T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 134 -^ Ualz. dc Gibs. Bomb. 
 Flor. 44. 
 
 Warree jungle in the Southern Concan, Dalzell. 
 
 Stem 14-2 ift., simple or branched. Leaves 3-5 in., flaccid, ciliato towards the base, 
 glabrous or with a few svattered hairs above ; petiole 1-3 in., naked or with stipitate 
 glands. Pedicels 2-3 in., slender, spreading, i^/cnrer* 1 4-2 in. diani., rose or violet- 
 purple ; wings spreading, flat, variable in sliape ; lip small ; spur 2 in., rather stout, 
 incurved. (Jupsule 4 in-, very turgid. Seeds 2-8, subcompressed, testa very thick. 
 — A very fine species, allied to I. Jlaccida in the flowers, but the seeds are wholly 
 different. 
 
 53. Z. Kenslowiana, ^Ir/i. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 ; 
 perenniall, stem very stout almo^ shrubby nodose scarred, leaves petioled 
 ovate or lanceolate serrate acuminate hirsute, pedicels subsolitary erect, 
 sepals large broad, standard orbicular or obovate, wings broad flat 2-pariite, 
 segments 2-lobed, lip small, spur very long incurved slender, capsule 
 glabrous or jjilose. Tkwai.tes Ennm. (j5 ; //. /. <C' T. in Jouini. Linn. Soc. 
 iv. 135. I. albida, Wigltt in Madr. Joum. v. 7, t. 1 ; Ic. t. 743. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, clefts of rocks near Courtallum, alt. 2-7000 ft., Wight, &c. 
 CEyLON, in the Central Province, alt. 4-6000 It., on rocks. 
 
 Stem 8-16 in., as thick as the thumb, woody, sometimes so closely covered with scars 
 as to be nodose, simple or branched. Leaves 3-5 in., crowded at the ends of the thick 
 branches, serratures tine or coarse, both surfaces usually hirsute, sometimes glabrate ; 
 petiole ^-3 in,, naked or glandular. PtdiceU 2-5 in., stout, glabrous or pubescent. 
 Flowers 1-2 in. diam., white or pale pink ; sepals remarkably large, broadly ovate, 
 acuminate ; standard winged at the back (in VV ight's figiu-e) ; wings with very broad, 
 flat, semi-obovate lobes ; spur stout or slender, 1-1 ^ in. Capsule §-1 in,, rather slender. 
 iSeeds not ripe. — The habit and large sepals and capsule are excellent characters of this 
 plant. 
 
 A v.— LATERlFLORiE. 
 
 54. Z. bella, H. f. d- T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 138; diffuse, stem 
 short densely pubescent creeping below, leaves broadly ovate or orbicular 
 crenate, petiole slender, peduncle pubescent l-2-flowered bracteate in the 
 middle, flowers large yellow, sepals large ovate, standard orbicular-obovate 
 gibbous or bluntly spurred at the back, terminal lobe of wing elongate 
 obovate, lip conical saccate narrowed into a long incurved spur. 
 
 Khasia Mts., in marshes at the Kala Pane, alt. 5000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 A small species, 6-10 in., growing in loose tufts ; stem rather stout, rooting much at 
 the base, glandular and almost tomentose with crisped hairs. Leaves 1-3 in,, some- 
 
Imimtiens.'] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae Hook, f.) 459 
 
 times lanceolate, obtuse acute or acuminate, many-nerved, often pubescent above ; 
 petiole |-| in., pubescent, rarely glandular. Peduncle stout, usually from a subterminal 
 axil, curved, pubescent, most often 1-flowered, with bracts in the middle; pedicel short. 
 Flower 1 in. long without the spur, orange- or golden-yellow, beautifully streaked with 
 purple. Capsule | in., ellipsoid, acute at both ends, turgid, pubescent. Seeds sub- 
 globose, papulose, puberulous, testa thick opaque. — A very distinct and beautiful little 
 species. 
 
 Var. major; more robust, leaves 3-4 in., flowers 1| in. red quite glabrous. — Xhasia, 
 alt. 5-6000 ft. 
 
 55. X. latiflora, Hook.f. dh Thorns, in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 139 ; short, 
 herbaceous, pubescent, leaves petioled elliptic-lartceolate caudate-acuminate 
 crenate, peduncle erect stout 2-3-flowered, bracts ovate acuminate, flowers 
 large, sepals broad, standard orbicular winged at the back, terminal lobe of 
 wings large semi-ovate acute, lip boat-shaped, spur very long slender 
 incurved. 
 
 Subtropical forests of the Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft. ; ? Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 
 2-4000 ft. (specimens imperfect) ; Bhotan, at Duphla, Booth. 
 
 Stem a foot high, branched or not, sometimes as thick as the little finger, remotely 
 scarred. Leaves 3-7 in., sometimes narrowly lanceolate, glabrous except the nerves 
 beneath, often ciliate towards the base, as is the puberulous petiole. Peduncle solitary, 
 stout, erect, |-1 in. ; bracts variable in position ; pedicels stout. Flowers 1-2 in. 
 diam., pale rose or violet ; sepals acute ; lateral lobe of wings obovate, retuse, smaller 
 than the usually acute terminal one, which is sometimes 1 in. long ; standard retiise ; 
 spur 1-24 ^^-1 acute. Capsule immature, probably like that oi 1. pulchra. 
 
 56. I, pulchra, H. f. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. ^139; glabrous, 
 stem short stout simple, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate ser- 
 rate, peduncles stout erect 1-2-flowered, bracts lanceolate, flowers large, 
 sepals broad, standard winged at the back, wings broad, lip funnel-shaped 
 narrowed into the stout hooked spur. 
 
 Shaded woods in the subtropical and temperate regions of Eastern Nipal and the 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. 
 
 Stem 4-10 in., erect, nodose at the scars, rarely divided. Leaves 2-4 in., glabrous 
 on both surfaces, rather coriaceous, not or rarely ciliate ; petiole stout, naked. Pedun- 
 cles 1-2 in , few, stout, erect ; pedicels often as stout and as long. Flowers 2 in. long 
 from the tip of the spur to that of the standard, pale rose-coloured or straw-coloured, 
 streaked with red; sepals ^ in., green, acute; terminal lobe of wing semi-ovate obtuse ; 
 lip very large ; spur sometimes spiral. CajJsule J-|in., erect, narrowly ellipsoid-oblong, 
 glabrous, subacute. Seeds many, immature, pubescent? 
 
 57. I. fruticosa, DC. Prodr. i. 687 ; shrubby, perennial, leaves elliptic 
 acuminate many-nerved pubescent on both surfaces, petiole stout long, 
 peduncles numerous 3-5-flowered, bracts linear, pedicels very long 
 slender, flowers large, sepals broad, standard orbicular 2-lobed, wings lobed 
 spreading, lip trumpet-shaped, spur very stout long curved. W. d' A, 
 Prodr. 137 ; Wight Ic. t. 966 ; Wall. Cat. 4762 ; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. iv. 140. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar and Travancor, common at 4-6000 ft. 
 
 An erect much branched shrub, 8 ft. high ; branches glabrous, nodose at the scars. 
 Leaves 8-5 in., sometimes almost silky beneath, ciliate and glandular towards the 
 base, nerves stout; petiole 2-3 in., often villous, naked or glandular. Peduncles 1-2 in.; 
 pedicels olten much longer and exceeding the leaves. Flowers 14 in. broad; sepals 
 acuminate; standard neither winged nor spurred; wing-lobes flat, subequal, divari- 
 cating, oblong; spur I-I4 in. Capsule erect, 1 in., ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, 
 beaked. Seeds many, unripe, large, opaque, obovoid; testa thick, pitted. 
 
460 XXXII. GERANIACEJE. (§ Balsamineffi, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 A VI.— Epiphytic^. 
 
 58. Z. Jerdonlae, Wight Ic. t. 1602 ; eDiphytic, glabrous, stem tumid 
 short stout prostrate, leaves few petioled elliptic acute serrate, peduncles 
 sh(jrt, pedicels 1-3 very long, bracts setaceous, sepals long lanceolate, 
 standard small hooded, wings small 2-lobed, spur very large saccate ventri- 
 cose wrinkled, spur short horn-like or 0. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4739; //./. 
 <Cr T. in Journ. Linn. JSoc. iv. 141. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, on trees at Sisparah, the Brahmagherrie and Palghat hills, 
 alt. 3 5000 ft, Wight, &c. 
 
 Stem 3-6 in., green or purple-brown, often as thick as the finger, rooting. Leaves 
 2-3 in., deep green, with glandular cilia at the base and on the top of the stout petiole, 
 nerves few. Peduncles 1-3 in , green, stout ; pedicels sometimes 4 in., red. Floioera 
 14-2 in. measured along the lip; sepals acuminate, green; standard yelliw, orbicular, 
 apiculate, narrowly winged at the back ; wings yellow, almost includeil in the lip, lobes 
 rounded overlapping ; lip bright red, laterally compressed. — In flower closely allied to 
 /. Walkeri. I have seen no specimen of Beddomn's I. parasitica; his character of 
 it accords with that of /. Jerdonim in all but the green colour of the standard and 
 sepals, and the moniliform stem. I shall therefore provisionally add it to this as a 
 variety. 
 
 Var. ; stem moniliform, standard with a foliaceous crest and wings green. — I. para- 
 sitica, Bedd. iv Madr. Jour. iv. t. 7, f. 2 ; Ic. PL Ind. Or. 28, t. 140.— Anamallay 
 hills, alt. 6-7000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 59. Z. auriculata, Wight in Madr. Joiim. y. 8, t. 3; epiphytic, gla- 
 brous, stem short prostrate internodes very tumid, leaves petioled elliptic 
 acute, peduncle short, pedicels 1-3 erect very long, bracts ovate, sepals very 
 large obliquely oblong pendulous red, standard small hooded, wings very 
 small 2-lobed, lip very large saccate wrinkled, spur short thick. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar and Travaxcor, alt. 5000 ft., on branches of trees, Wight, &c. 
 
 A smaller plant than /. Jerdonice, with the internodes mucli swollen, sometimes as 
 large as nuts, the stem appearing annulate in dried specimens. Leaves 1-2 in, 
 obscurely crenulate, with but iaw glandular setas at the base. Pedicels 1-1 4 in. Flowers 
 1 in. measured along the lip ; sepals very remarkable, pendulous, acute, much exceeding 
 the wings, and sometimes as long as the lip, scarlet; standard dark green ; wings dark 
 purple, the segments cochlcate and overlapping ; lip scarlet, laterally compressed ; 
 spur very variable. Cajysvle unknown. — The sepals of this species are wholly different 
 from any other in the genus, and hang down like a spaniel's ears. 
 
 60. Z. viridiflora, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 9 ; erect, glabrous, epi- 
 phytic, stem short extremely thick, branches few short nodose, leaves 
 petioled elliptic acute crenate-serrate, peduncles short, pedicels 1-2 slender, 
 sepals linear, standard orbicular 2-lobed back strongly keeled, lip saccate 
 narrowed into a stout involute spur. Bedd. Ic. Pi Ind. Or. 29, t. 141. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar; forming masses on the trunks of trees at the Sivagherry 
 ghat, alt. 5000 ft., Wight. 
 
 Stem ofien 1 in. diam.. fleshy. Leaves \\-2 in., sometimes obovate or lanceolate, 
 with veiy few glandular cilia at the base, rather fleshy, crenatures large ; petiole stout. 
 Peduncle \-\ in., usually 2-flowered; bracts subulate. Flowers 1 in. measured along 
 the lip, wholly green ; sepals reflexed or deflexed, acuminate ; standard small, deeply 
 hooded ; wings fleshy, 2-lobed, lateral lobes hid under the standard, terminal oblong 
 rounded ; lip wrinkled, laterally compressed. Capsule glabrous. 
 
Impatiens.\ xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 461 
 
 A vn.— UmbellaTuE and Subcapitat^. (See /. Gougkii, trilobaia, 
 and others in A iii., /. Tangachoi and others in A vni.) 
 
 * Spur very slender, as long as or exceeding the flower. 
 
 61. I. fixnbriata, Hooh. Exot, Flor. ii. t. 146 ; glabrous, stem erect 
 subsiniple, leaves opposite and alternate long-petioled ovate-lanceolate 
 acuminate subserrulate, peduncle terminal long erect bearing at the top a 
 subcapitate crowded raceme clothed with recurved ciliate bracts. I. brac- 
 teata, Coleh. inEoxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 459 ; Wall. Cat. 4760j E.f. ik T, 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 142. 
 
 Marshes in the Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft., abundant. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched, succulent. Leaves 2-5 in., opposite alternate and 
 whorled sometimes on the same specimen, flaccid, cihate or not at the base ; petiole J-2 
 in. ; stipules 0. Peduncle 2-6 in., strict, absolutely terminal in all the specimens, with 
 sometimes an axillary one, naked ; raceme ^-2 in., oblong or globose, very dense 
 and covered with crinite-green slender recurved bracts, which are ^-^ in. long, 
 clothed with long pink hairs and conceal the bases of the capillary pedicels. FLoicers 
 rose-purple, f in. diam. ; sepals small, lanceolate ; standard small, ovate, with a recurved 
 point ; lateral wing-lobes small, rounded, terminal semi-ovate large broad clawed ; lip 
 boat-shaped ; spur | in., very long, slender, incurved. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, acute 
 at both ends, turgid, glabrous. Seeds few, obovate, compressed, very hairy. — The Flora 
 Exotica name having a year's priority over Colebrooke's, I am compelled to adopt it. 
 
 62. X. janthina, Thwaites Enum. 68; small, glabrous, stem simple 
 1-4-leaved, leaves opposite broad-elliptic or orbicular acuminate subserrate, 
 peduncle terminal erect, flowers umbelled, bracts oblong, sepals broadly 
 cordate, standard hooded, wings 2-lobed, lip saccate narrowed into the 
 involute spur. H.f. & T. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. iv. 142. 
 
 Ceylon ; Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, at no great elevation, Thwaites, 
 Whole plant, 4-10 in. ; stem sometimes very thick and succulent. Leaves 2-5 in., 
 base rounded or subacute, not ciliate, sometimes oblique, very membranous ; petiole 
 ^-2 in. ; stipules 0. Peduncle erect, 3-5 in., very slender ; umbel terminal, 3-5-floweied, 
 with sometimes a small lateral one; pedicels ^-V in.; bracts broad, green, obtuse. 
 Flowers 4-| in diam., violet; standard not winged, very concave ; lateral lobe of wings 
 rounded, obtuse, terminal acute. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, subacute, glabrous, many- 
 seeded. — A very curious species, quite unlike any other, but allied to the preceding and 
 following. 
 
 63. I. umbellata, Heyne in Roxh. Fl. Lnd. ed. Carey ^ ii. 464; small, 
 glabrous, stem simple stout leafy at the top, leaves crowded petioled broad- 
 ovate or elliptic obtuse or acute crenate, peduncles subterminal erect 
 1-co -flowered, sepals broad-ovate, standard orbicular, wings spreading lobes 
 obtuse, lip smaU buat-shaped, spur long slender incurved. Wall. Cat. 4759 ; 
 W. (k A. Prodr. 137; Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 9, t. 4 ; Ic. t. 745 ; H.f. 
 c^' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 143. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar, in Tinnevelly near Courtallum only, Wight. 
 
 Stem 4-8 in., very rarely branched, naked below. Leaves 1-2 in., sometimes orbi- 
 cular, membranous, crenatures cihate, base ciliate or not ; petiole very variable, ^-1^ in. 
 Peduncle and pedicels stout; bracts small, green. Flowers ^ in. diam.; standard not 
 spurred ; wings with subequal lobes ; spur 1 in., graceful. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, 
 turgid, glabrous. Seeds echinate (Wight). — Wight describes the root as tuberous, 
 which is 1 think an error; it is fibrous and annual in his specimens. 
 
 64. I. subcordata. Am. in ILook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323 ; glabrous, 
 stem prostrate and rooting at the base stout, leaves long-petioled ovate or 
 
462 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Imjmtiens, 
 
 lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate base rounded or cordate, peduncles 
 short 4-8-fiowered, flowers unibelled or sljprtly racemed, sepals large ovate, 
 standard orbicular not spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very large 
 and broad, lip small, spur long slender incurved. Tkwaites Enum. 67 ; 
 H.f.& T. in Jouim. Linn. Soc. iv. 144. 
 
 Central province of Ceylon; alt. 3-6000 ft., Walker, &c. 
 
 Sttm 1-2 ft., sioiit, sometimes much ditfusely branched, smooth or scarred. Leaves 
 very variable, 1-3 in.; crenatures large, ciliate or not; petioles ^-2 in., eglaudular. 
 J^eduncles 2-4 in., axillary and subterminal ; bracts ^ in., ovate-lanceolate, acute. 
 ^'lowers ^-| in. diam., white with red sefjals and standard ; spur 4-1 in-, slender, in- 
 curved. Capaule ^ in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous, ikeds subglubose, hairy. 
 
 65. Z. viscida, Wight iuMadr. Journ. v. 12; Id. 746; tall, slender, 
 stem rigid angled rooting below hairy above, leaves petioled elliptic- 
 lanceolate serrate firm, peduncles axillary very long viscid 3-x-flowered, 
 flowers unibelled or in short racemes, pedicels viscid, sepals suborbicular 
 equalling the small standard, terminal lobe of wings large suborbicular, lip 
 small boat-shaped, spur long strong incurved. //. /. <£: 1'. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. iv. 144. 
 
 Pulney Mts. in the Southern C.\kn.4tic, alt. 5500 ft., in beds of rivers, Wiyld. 
 
 JStem 2-3 ft., simple or sparingly branched, leafy all the way up, very rigid for the 
 genus. Leaves 2-3 in., pubescent beneath on the midrib" and numerous strong nerves, 
 not ciliate, teeth glandular; petiole 4-1^ in. Peduncles 2-4 in., rigid, erect, terete; 
 bracts ovate-lanceolate ; pedicels short, often hairy. Flowers | in. diam., pink ; sepals 
 acuminate, almost as large as the orbicular acuminate standard; wings with spreaaing 
 lobes, lateral short falcate, terminal twice as large hatchet-shaped, tip rounded ; spur 
 Btout towards the base, slender on to the tip. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, beaked, ventri- 
 cose, glabrous. Seeds numerous, globose, hairy. — I'edicels more or less hairy and viscid. 
 
 66. I. cordata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 10 ; glabrous, flaccid, stem 
 prostrate and rooting below, leaves long-petioled ovate-cordate acumi- 
 nate obscurely crenate, peduncle subterminal and axillary 3-4-flowered, 
 flowers uiubelled, pedicels glabrous, sepals large ovate acuminate, standard 
 cuneate emarginate, lateral lobes of wings small incurved, terminal large 
 broad spreading, lip boat-shaped, spur long slender incurved. 
 
 Sivagherry Ghats, on the Malabar Mountains, Wiyht ; Anamallay Mts., alt. 
 3-5000 ft. ; Travancor, Beddome. 
 
 JStem 6-12 in., apparently succulent. Leaves 2-3 in., very membranous, crenatures 
 with minute cilia, base ciliate or not, nerves slender, with scattered hairs on both sur- 
 faces; petiole 1-3 in. Peduncles 2-4 in. ; bracts broadly ovate, ^ in., green ; pedicels 
 short. Flowers 1 in. diam., lilac with a purple centre; sepals almost equalling the 
 standard ; lateral lobes of wings fleshy, forming a vault over the stamens ; terminal 
 almost orbicular ; spur '{ iu. Capsxde \ in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds unripe. 
 
 67. I. acuminata, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4754 ; shrubby, glabrous, stem 
 simple stout, leaves crowded upwards petioled lanceolate acuminate 
 crenate, peduncles axillary stout, flowers unibelled or racemed, bracts 
 broad, sepals large ovate-cordate, standard orbicular, wings 2-partite, lip 
 boat-shaped narrowed into the slender incurved spur. JL f. d: T. in 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 145. 
 
 Wet rocks in the Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. 
 
 Boot perennial? Stem 6-14 in., naked below, almost invariably simple. Leaces 
 3-5 in,, often caudate-acuminate, rather thick, crenatures minutely setigerous, not 
 ciliate at the base; petiole ^-\ in., naked. Peduncles J-l^in. ; bracts ^-^ in., obtuse 
 or acute, concave, green ; pedicels ^-1 in., erect. Flowtrs about 1 iu. diam., pale red; 
 
IinjMtiens.] xxxii. geraxiaceje. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 463 
 
 sepals broad, very oblique, acuminate ; standard not winged or spurred ; lateral winir- 
 lobes renifonn, incumbent on the much larger triangular terminal one, lower margin of 
 wing with an inflexed auricle ; lip almost conical. Capsule ^ in., short, erect, ellip- 
 soid, subacute. /Seeds many, minute, woolly. 
 
 68. Z. Kookeriana, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bat. Mag. i. 324 ; shrubby, 
 glabrous, stem and branches robust, leaves elliptic acute or acuminate 
 crenate-serrate thick, petiole long with 2 large glands, flowers 4-6 sub- 
 umbelled long pedicelled, sepals small lanceolate, standard transversely 
 oblong spurred at the back, wing- lobes large broad rounded, lip small 
 continuous with the long curved stout spur. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4704; 
 Thivaites Enum. 66 ; H.f.<Sc T. in Journ Linn. Soc, iv. 145. I. biglandulosa, 
 Moon Cat. 18. 
 
 Central Province of Ceylon, alt. 3-5000 ft. 
 
 A shrub, 4-5 ft., with very stout stem and often scarred branches as thick as the 
 finger. Leaves 4-8 in., crenatures with a bristle ; petiole 1-4 in., stout, with 2 large 
 opposite glands above the middle (usually at the top). Peduncle 3-4 in., erect, very 
 robust ; bracts small, caducous ; pedicels very slender. Flowers 2 in. diam., white or 
 with the wings streaked with blood-red ; stamlard very large ; wings spreading, lateral 
 lobes oblong, terminal much larger, notched towards the tip; spur and lip 1^-2^ in, 
 Copsvle ^-| in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous, obtuse. Seeds many, young pubescent. — 
 This, though closely allied to /. grandis, seems to differ in the much smaller sepals, as 
 well as in the shape of the wings, lip, and spur. 
 
 69. X. g-randis, Rajm in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 464 ; shrubby, 
 glabrous, stem and branches robust, leaves elliptic acute or acuminate 
 crenate-serrate thick, flowers 4-6 subumbelled long- pedicelled, sepals large 
 broad-ovate, standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes obovate terminal cuneate 
 notched, lip saccate obtuse or prolonged into a very stout conoidal straight 
 spur. Wight in Madr. Jour. v. 10, t. 5 ; W. (& A. Prodr. 137 ; Am. in Hook. 
 Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324; Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. 31, t. 153; //. / (jc T. 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 145. 
 
 Mountains of Malabar and Tinnevelly, alt. 1-4000 ft., WigJit, &c. 
 
 Shrubby, 8 ft. high, habit, foliage, and inflorescence of/, biglandulosa, and with the 
 same coloured flower, but the sepals are three times as large, the standard more orbi- 
 cular, the wing-lobes much narrower, and the lip ends in a sac or very stout conoidal 
 straight spur. 
 
 ** Spur shorter than the flower or 0. {See I. grandis and biglandulosa 
 in *). 
 
 70. X. campanulata, Wight in Madr. Jour. v. 11, t. 7 ; Ic. t. 744; 
 herbaceous, robust, glabrous, sparingly branched, leaves long-petioled 
 elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate crenate glaucous beneath, peduncle stout, 
 flowers 3 umbelled, bracts very large deciduous, sepals very large and 
 broad ovate, standard orbicular keeled at the back, wing-lobes small in- 
 curved, lip smooth boat-shaped, spur very short. H.f. (& T. in Joam. Linn. 
 Soc. iv. 145. 
 
 Mountains of the Southern Carnatic, alt. 5-7000 ft., in moist woods, Wight. 
 
 Stem 4-5 ft., as thick as the finger. Leaves 3-6 in., membranous, crenatures ciliate, 
 base usually 2-glandular ; petiole 1-2 in., eglandular. Peduncle 2-3 in., very stout, 
 erect; bracts \ in., ovate-lanceolate,- subfoliaceous ; pedicels short. Flowers campanu- 
 late, white and yellow speckled with purple ; sepals perhaps the largest of the genus, 
 acuminate ; standard apiculate ; wings concave and pointing forwards, lateral lobe small, 
 obovate, overlapping the larger hatchet-shaped protruded terminal one. Capsule | in., 
 ellipsoid, pointed at both ends, glabrous. Seeds globose, euhinulate. 
 
464 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminece, Hook, f.) [Tmpatiens, 
 
 71. Z. leuoantha, Thwaifes Enum. 67 ; glabrous, stem erect simple 
 rarely forked, leaves in 1 whorl or fascicled rarely opposite shortly pctioled 
 lanceolate acuminate serrulate, peduncles several long erect, flowers in a 
 sliort terminal raceme, bracts ovate-lanceolate, sepals ovate-oblong acute, 
 standard hooded, lateral lobe of wings small lanceolate, terminal large 
 3-lobed, lip boat-shai)ed, spur short straight. 
 
 Ceylon ; at Hinidoon and Kittool Galle, Thioaites. 
 
 JStem 5-10 in., naked below, succulent. Leaves 6-10 in the fascicle, of unequal sizes, 
 3-6 in., serratures acute, base often ciliate ; petiole ^-i in- Peduncles many, longer 
 or shorter than the leaves, many-flowered ; pedicels capillary, spreading, \-l in. ; 
 bracts green, concave. Flowers white, ^ in, diam. ; standard not winged ; wings with 
 the lobes rounded ; spur ^ in. Capsules ^ in., unripe, erect, ellipsoid, glabrous, 
 beaked. 
 
 72. Z. linearis, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323 ; stem short 
 stout simple, leaves crowded upwards subsessile linear-lanceolate acute sub- 
 serrate, peduncles solitary or 2 stout erect, flowers very shortly umbelled, 
 bracts ovate, sepals short ovate, standard short spurred at the back, terminal 
 lobe of wings large obovate clawed, lip concave, spur very short. //. /. <is T. 
 in Journ. Linn. iSfJC. iv. 143. 
 
 Adam's Peak, CErLON, alt. 4-6000 ft., Walker, &c. 
 
 Erect, glabrous ; stem stout, scarred. Leaves many, 1-3 in., all crowded at the top of 
 tlie stem, rather thick, base not ciliate. Peduncle 1-2 in., very stout ; bracts \ in., green, 
 spreading, acuminate, concave ; pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers ^ in. diam. ; 
 wings large; spur a mere point. Capside | in., ellipsoid, very turgid, acuminate, 
 glabrous. tSeeth many, very small, pubesct-nt. 
 
 Var. petiolata; leaves rather broadly petioled with scattered short hairs on the 
 upper surface. 
 
 73. Z. appendiculata, Ay-n. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 323; small, 
 glabrous or pubescent, stem slender, leaves solitary few or many petioled 
 ovate ellii)tic or lanceolate acute serrulate, peduncles long solitary or few, 
 flowers umbelled or very shortly racetned, bracts broad-ovate or lanceolate, 
 sepals ovate or oblong, standard hooded, lateral lobe of wings lanceolate 
 caudate, terminal large clawed ^-cordate, lip boat-shaped, spur very 
 short. Thwaites Enum. 67. 
 
 Southern and Central parts of Ceylon, alt. 2-5000 ft. 
 
 Very variable, both in habit and foliage. Stem simple, rarely branched, naked 
 below, usually leafy above, with the leaves 1-1 4 in. broad, long-petioled and almost 
 glabrous above; other specimens have 4 similar but pubescent leaves in a whorl, 
 others 1, 2, 3, or a few lanceolate acuminate leaves, 4 in. long. Leaves membranous, 
 usually ciliate towards the base. Peduncle often solitary, subterniinal and longer 
 than the leaves, with an umbel or very short raceme of 4-8 flowers ; bracts \ in., 
 concave, acuminate, green ; pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers about | in. long, 
 white or pale rose-colour; standard streaked transversely with red. — Thwaites de- 
 sciibes the lateral lobes of wings as small lanceolate long-caudate, the terminal 
 as larger 4-cordate and acuminate ; the spur is sometimes reduced to a mere 
 point. Capsule ^in., ellipsoid, turgid, beaked, many-seeded. Seeds immature, oblong, 
 hairy ? 
 
 74. Z. travancorica,^6'c/(/. Ic. PL Ind. Or. p. 29, 1. 142; small, stem 
 simple stout leafy at the top, leaves crowded small petioled elliptic sub- 
 acute crenate, peduncles 1-3 subterniinal erect 2-4-flowered, bracts lan- 
 ceolate, flowers umbelled small, sepals obliquely ovate, standard small 
 concave, terminal lobe of wings large sessile, lip boat-shaped, spur short 
 obtuse or 0. 
 
Impaticns.\ xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamiceae, Hook, f.) 46o 
 
 Motintfiins of Travancor; Myhendra and Aghasteer. alt. 4-5000 ft, Beddome. 
 
 Stem strict^ G-8 in., naked below. Leaoes ^ in., rather thick, ciliated in the crena- 
 tures ; petiole slender, often as lonsc as the blade. Peduncles 1-2 in.; bracts green, 
 subulate-lanceolate, spreading. Floioers \ in. diam., white streaked with red, very 
 membranous; sepals oblique, acuminate; lateral lobe of wings small. Capsule un- 
 known. 
 
 75. X. uncinata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 11, t. 6; Ic. t. 747; 
 slender, elect, glabrous, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-cordate crenate, 
 peduncles slender 4-8-fld., flowers small subumbelled or shortly racemed, 
 sepals very large obliquely ovate, standard small elliptic, wings divaricating, 
 terminal lobe obovate falcate, lip subcampanulate, spur short, inflated 
 hooked. H.f. (k T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 144. 
 
 Mountains of the Southern Carnatic, in dense shaded jungles near Courtallum, 
 alt. 2-3000 ft., Wight. 
 
 Stem 6-10 in., sparingly branched, leafy. Leaves 2-4 in., very membranous, ciliate 
 often at the base, crenatures large, minutely ciliate ; petiole ] -3 in., rather slender. 
 Peduncle shorter than the leaves ; bracts small, rather persistent ; pedicels ^-1 in. 
 Flowers f in. diam. ; sepals very large for the size of the plant ; standai-d pointed ; 
 lateral wing- lobes oblong, pointed forward, terminal protruded, rather hatchet-shaped; 
 lip shortly campanulate ; spur constricted at the insertion, inflated below it, with a 
 more slender upcurved tip. Capsule 3 in., ellipsoid, beaked, turgid, glabrous. Seeds 
 few, unripe, apparently orbicular and glabrous. 
 
 76. Z. eleg-ans, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 29, t. 145 ; stout, glabrous, 
 stem erect stout simple or branched, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate- 
 cordate acuminate crenate, peduncles slender axillary and terminal erect, 
 flowers 3-0 umbelled or shortly racemed, bracts lar^e ovate-lanceolate, 
 sepals ovate, standard small orbicular- ovate, lateral wing-lobes small 
 rounded arched over the stamens, terminal very large obliquely ovate acute, 
 lip very small boat -shaped, spur 0. 
 
 Anamallay hills, in Travancor, alt, 2500-5000 ft., common, Beddome. 
 
 Stem 6-12 in., simple or branched, often rooting at the joints. Leuvss 2-4 in., very 
 membranous, '.jrenatures minutely ciliate ; petiole 1-3 in. Peduncles 1-3 in. ; bracts 
 J in., usually recurved, whorled ; pedicels capillary, spreading. Flowers 1 in. across 
 the wings, pale rose colour with a purple eye, those from the highest localities the largest ; 
 standard apiculate flat with a green dorsal ridge ; terminal wing-lobe sessile, tip obtuse 
 entire, inner margin obscurely retuse towards the tip. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, beaked, 
 turgid in the middle, glabrous. Seeds hairy, subglobohc. — In many respects near 
 /. cordata, in which the side lobes of the wings are also incurved. 
 
 A VIII.— Racemose. 
 * Sj^ur long and slender. 
 
 77. I. maculata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 12 ; tall, slender, branched, 
 leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate hairy above and 
 beneath, peduncles and very long lax racemes much exceeding the 
 leaves, pedicels horizontal, sepals large broad, standard small, lateral lobes 
 of wings minute terminal very large, lip conoid, spur very long slender. 
 H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 149. 
 
 Mountain streams in Malabar ; Sivaghery hills, alt.,4-7000 ft., Wight. 
 
 Stem 5-6 ft. ; branches and petioles laxly hairy, or glabrate. Leaves 3-5 in., mem- 
 branous, often 2-glandular at the base, se-n atures not tipped with a bristle ; petiole 
 1-2 in., sometimes with 2 or more long stipitate glands. Raceme and stiff pediaicle 
 together 6-12 in., quite erect ; bracts ovate, persistent ; pedicels 1 in. Flower nearly 
 1 in. long ; sepals and orbicular standard acuminate ; terminal wing-lobe suborbicular, 
 lateral hid under the standard; spur twice as long as the fljwer, curved up. Capsule 
 
 VOL. I. H H 
 
466 xxxii. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineae^Hook. f.) [Impntieits. 
 
 4 in 
 The 
 
 in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds Buborbiciilar. pnstidar, and shortly hairy, 
 glands of the leaf-base and petiole are sometimes spirally involute. 
 
 78. Z. elong'ata, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324; tall, stout, 
 glabrous, simple or branched, leaves stout-petioled elliptic acuminate 
 serrate thick, peduncles far exceeding the leaves very stout, racemes lax, 
 pedicels horizontal, sepals rather large ovate, standard small, lateral lobes 
 of wings small, terminal large, lip small, spur long very slender. Thwaites 
 Enum. 67 ; H.f. d' 2\ in Joum Linn. ISoc. iv. 150. 
 
 Adam's Peak in Ceylon, alt. 3-4000 ft. 
 
 Apparently about 3 It. high; stem woody below, straight or flcxuons and scarred 
 above. Leaves 2-^ \v\.\ serratures gland-tapped. P«Zu»c/c very lax ; raceme 4-10 in., 
 stout; bracts ovate, acuminate, persistent; f)edicel8 l-l^ in., horizontal, thi< kened np- 
 wards. Flower 1 in. long, red ; sepals acuminate, the small dorsally spurred standard 
 about equalling the lateral lobes of the wings : terminal lobe oblique ; s\i\XT IJ in., tip 
 thickened. Coji-nile ^ in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. 
 
 79. Z. comig'era, Am. in Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323; quite glabrous, 
 stem simple rather stout, leaves (rarely opposite) petioled elliptic-lanceolate 
 acute or acuminate crenate, peduncles suiDtenninal slender erect, racemes 
 short lax, pedicels capillary, sepals small ovate, standard oblong acuminate, 
 lateral wing-lobes minute, terminal subquadrate with a broad claw, spur 
 long or short rather stout circinate at the tip. Thtmites Enuni. 67 ; 
 U.f. d: T. in Joaiii. Linn. Soc. iv. liiO. 
 
 Warmer parts of Ceylon, in damp woods. 
 
 IStem G-24 in , stout or slender, usually the former, often naked below and very leafy 
 above. Leaves very variable, 3-6 in., sometimes variegated with white along the mid- 
 rib, rarely seirate, crenatures ciliate ; petiole .|-1 in. PeiJimclcs erect, longer or 
 Khorter than the leaves; raceme 1-2 in.; bracts small, ovate, acute; pedicels 1 in., 
 horizontal, t^neers 1 in. long, yellow, variegated with green or pale rose ; standard 
 concave, orbicular when spread out ; terminal lobe of wings with concave sides and 
 broad oblique notched apex ; sptir very variable, sometimes inflated below. Cfqmde 
 i in., ellipsoid, turgid, beaked, glabrous. iSeeds few, orbicular, compressed, shining. — 
 The shining smooth compressed seeds ally this to /. Klcinii, &c. 
 
 80. Z. Amottil, Thwaites Envm. 67 ; quite glabrous, stem simple 
 rather slender, leaves pt*ti<ded elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenulate 
 sparsely hairy above, peduncles strict subterminal, flowers few and shortly 
 racemed or subumbelled, sepals small cordate, standard small, lateral 
 wing-lobes small, terminal large clawed semicircular, lip small, spur slender 
 incurved. 
 
 Central Province of Ceylon, alt. 1-3000 ft., rare, Thwaites. 
 
 Very similar to /. cornujtra, but more slender, racemes shorter or flowers sometimes 
 umbclled, red-purple, tinged yellow in the centre, and with very diflferently shaptd ter- 
 niinal wing lobes which are notched at the apex on one side. — The base of the stem in 
 this and iis allies seems to form a perennial tuber. 
 
 81. Z. phoenicea, Bodd. in Madr. Joum. iii. 175: Ic. PI. Ind.Or. 
 p. 30, 1. 148; sufFruticose, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled lanceolate, narrowed 
 at both ends serrate, yieduncles axillary as long as the leaves racemose, br^icts 
 cordate, raceme few-floweced, sepals ovate, standard broad ovate, wings 
 small, lateral lobe cordate overlapping the much larger oblong terminal 
 one, lip with spur trumpet-shaped incurved. 
 
 Pulney hills in the Southern Carnatic, alt. 6-7000 ft., Beddome. 
 Apparently a slender sparingly branched herb, quite glabrous. Leaves 3-4 in., mem- 
 branous, serratures with rather long cilia ; petiole ^-1 in., naked. Peduncles axillary,* 
 
Imprithns.] XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamiiieae, Hook, f.) 4G? 
 
 slender, erect ; bracts \ in., persistent ; pedicels 4-1 in., slender. Flowers 4-14, 1 in. 
 long, campanulate, brilliant scarlet, yellow in the centre ; standard vaulted, dorsally 
 winged ; tip of spur swollen. — Major Beddorae regards this as aUied to /. Walkeri, of 
 Ceylon. 
 
 82. Z. Tangrachee, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 147 ; glabrous, stem 
 stout short subprocumbent, leaves obscurely whorled subsessile narrowly 
 elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate, peduncles exceeding the leaves very 
 stout erect, flowers subumbelled or racemed, pedicels erect, sepals oblong, 
 standard short broad, lateral wing-lobes truncate terminal broadly cuneate, 
 lip small boat-shaped, spur slender incurved. 
 
 Anaraallay hills in Travancoe, alt. 4000 ft. and upwards, in river-beds, Beddome ; 
 Bolemputty, Wight. 
 
 A short simple or forked herb, 6-10 in. Stem naked and rooting below. Leaves 
 2-3 in. ; glabrous on both surfaces, thick, nerves few slender. Peduncles very stout, 
 lk-2^ in.; bracts ^ in., coriaceous; pedicels ^-H io., stout, thickened upwards. 
 Flowers 4-8, 1-14 in., bright rose; spur stout, straight or hooked, terminal wing-lobe 
 with a broadly truncate and erose apex ; spur 1 in., straight or incurved. Capsule 
 ^ in., gibbous, glabrous. Seeds many, very small. 
 
 83. X. leptura, Hooh. f. ; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves long- 
 petioled elliptic acuminate crenate membranous, peduncles axillary slender 
 2-3-fld, bracts deciduous, sepals broad ovate very oblique, standard small 
 "Vaulted, lateral wing-lobes small rounded, terminal very large suborbicular, 
 lip small saccate, spur long very slender incurved. 
 
 Anamallay hills, in Malabar, alt. 4500-5500 ft., Beddome. 
 
 Leaves 4-6 in., very membranous, with or without gland-tipped bristles at the base, 
 crenatures ciliate; petiole 1-3 in., slender. Peduncles shorter than the leaves : bracts 
 ovate, small ; pedicels ^-1 in. Flowers 1 in. across the broad flat wings ; standard 
 quite small, not winged or spurred dorsally ; lateral wing-lobes very small, concave, 
 overlapping the very large terminal ones which are quite entire ; spur 1-1^ in,, flexuous, 
 turned to one side. Capsule \ in,, ellipsoid, beaked, turged in the middle, glabrous. 
 Seeds many, orbicular, young pilose, probably large. — I have only fragments of this 
 very distinct species, which is labelled I. eordata? by Major Beddome. 
 
 ** Spur short, or 0. (See also /. cornigera). 
 
 84. I. Wig-htiana, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 146 ; sufFruticose, 
 erect, glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate, 
 petiole with many stipitate glands, peduncles slender shorter than the leaves, 
 bracts ovate, racemes lax, pedicels ca}>illary, sepals small, standard small 
 orbicular ovate apiculate, lateral wing-lobes small spreading, terminal very 
 large long oblong obtuse, lip funnel-shaped, spur short incurved. 
 
 IMoist forests in the Anamallay hills, Travancor, alt. 3-4500 ft., Beddome. 
 
 Leaves 5-6 in., with a few scattered hairs above on the nerves, membranous, Hneolate 
 between the nerves; petiole 14-24 hi., slender. Peduncles flowering almost through- 
 out their length; bracts very small; pedicels spreading in fruit. Flowers 1-1] in. 
 long, white mottled with pink ; standard with a green dorsal ridge ; upper wing-lobe 
 oblong, pointing forwards, terminal narrow, obtuse ; spur very short, hooked. Capsule 
 \ in,, trapezoid, glabrous. Seeds about 5, globose, hairy, 
 
 85. Z. Walkeri, Ilooh Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324, t. 18; tall, erect, quite 
 glabrous, leaves very long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrulate, 
 peduncles stout erect, flowers 6-8, bracts broadly ovate, pedicels slender 
 erect, sepals small ovate- cordate, wings small 2-partite, lip elongate serrate 
 ventricose incurved laterally compressed, spur very short incurved. Bot. 
 Mag. t. 6237. 
 
 H H 2 
 
468 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) [Impaticns. 
 
 Central Provinces of Ceylon, alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 Hoot tuberous, perennial. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, simple or branched. Leaves li-4 in., 
 thick, serratures ciliate, petiole ^-l in. Peduncles stout, erect; racemes 4-8- flowered; 
 bracts small, persistent ; pedicels slender, erect, spreading in fruit. Flowers §-1 in., 
 scarlet, rarely yellow ; sepals small, ovate ; standard very small, hooded ; wings very 
 small, lateral lobes rounded, almost hidden under the standard ; terminal lobes orbi- 
 cular protruded, notched on the inner margin towards the rounded end ; lip very large, 
 walls imdulate ; spur slender, hooked, swollen at the tip. Capsule ^ in., ellipsoid, gib- 
 bous, glabrous. Seeds unknown. 
 
 86. I. tavoyana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4773 ; short, quite glabrous, 
 stem stout succulent, leaves petioled ovate acuminate subserrate base with 
 long cilia, peduncles subterniinal erect slender, flowers small in short 
 racemes, bracts minute, pedicels spreading cajiillary, sepals narrow, standard 
 small oblong concave spurred at the tip, terminal wing-lobes very long- 
 clawed pendulous oblong?, lip boat-shaped with a gibbosity or short slender 
 spur. //. /. cC' 2\ in Journ. Linn. JSoc. iv. 146. I. lineata, 2\trcz. in Hull. 
 Soc. Nat. Jfosc. 1859, i. 271. 
 
 Tenasserim at Moulmein, Lohb. 
 
 Annual. Stem 4-10 in., simple or branched. Leaves 2-3 in., very membranous, 
 serratures ciliate, hairs at the base not glandular; petiole ^1 in. Peduncles 1-3 in,, 
 erector spreading; raceme terminal, 8-1 4-flnwercd; bracts setaceous, persistent, pedi- 
 cels 4-1 in. Flowers 4 in. long, white? with purple streaks on the lip , sepals variablef 
 in shape, usually linear ; standard with a green spur at the tip ; claw of wings ^ in. 
 long, very narrow, strap-shaped, blade shorter than the claw, obovate-cuneate, with a 
 callous auricle at the base ; lip large for the plant, very concave, acuminate ; spur 
 sometimes as long as the hp, and turned up along its base. Capsule \ in,; trapezoid, 
 acutely beaked, glabrous. Seeds 2-3, oMong, compressed, opaque, glabrous. — An ex- 
 ceedingly curious species, the long slender claws of the wings are tmiqne in the genus. 
 The form of the wing itself, as described, I have not ascertained with sufficient 
 confidence. 
 
 87. Z. racexnulosa, Wall. Cat. 7274 ; stem simple erect leafy, leaves 
 long-petioled elliptic-ovate acute crenate-serrate, petiole eglandular, racemes 
 flexuous axillary 6-8-flowered, bracts ovate, pedicels capillary, flowers 
 f in., sepals obliquely ovate, standard small orbicular, terminal lobe of 
 wings very large ^-orbicular violet, lip boat-shaped, spur incurved slender. 
 //./. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 138. 
 
 Khasia Mts., in marshes, alt. 4-5000 ft., Gomez, &c. ; Bhotan, Uerh. Griffith. 
 
 Stem 6-8 in., succulent, sometimes thick. Leaves \^-2\ in., membranous, exstipu- 
 late. Racemes 1-2 in., horizontal ; pedicels scattered, spreading, J in. ; bracts ^-j^m., 
 coriaceous, persistent, glandular at the tip. Flowers | in. across the wings, of a deep 
 fine violet colour; standard not spurred at the back ; lateral lobes of wings small ; spur 
 ^-f in,, obtuse, curved into a semicircle. Capsxde i^\\ovi, ^ in., clavate, acute, glabrous. 
 Seeds few, small. — A very beautiful plant, allied to none. 
 
 B. Capsule linear. 
 B I.— Oppositifolia and Verticillata. (See I. trijyetala in B ii.) 
 
 88. Z. Roylei, Walj^. Bej). i. 475 ; tall, robust, branches quite glabrous, 
 leaves usually opposite and whorled lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply 
 serrate, stipules of seta, peduncles subterminal, flowers many umbelled or 
 racemed, standard 2-lobed, wings broad, lip saccate very obtuse, spur short, 
 capsule clavate beaked cernuous. //./. d' T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 127. 
 I. glandulifera, Bo7/le III. 151, t. 28, f, 2 ; Lindl. Bot. Beg. 1840, t. 22 ; Hook. 
 But. Mag. t. 4020. 
 
Im2?aticns.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 469 
 
 Temperate "Western Himalaya ; common from Nipal to Marri, alt. 6-8000 ft. 
 
 A handsome often gigantic species, 4-10 ft., with the stem as thick as the thumb, 
 fleshy. Leaves very variable as to disposition, size, breadth, petiole, and cutting of 
 the margin, base rounded or acute ; stipules of stout glaud-tipped setae. Peduncles 
 2-5 in., stout, straight, erect ; bracts ovate lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers usually pale 
 red-purple, sometimes white ; sepals ^-^ in., green. Capsule ^-f in., clavale, or 
 much narrowed towards the base, top abruptly beaked, glabrous, usually drooping, very 
 turgid in the middle. Seeds large, broadly obovoid ; testa opaque, spongy. — Very 
 closely allied to /. longicornu, sulcata, and Thomsoni. Edgeworth considers that 
 1. 'luoschata differs specifically in its musky odour, habit, and more deeply serrated 
 leaves. — Seeds eatable raw, tasting like nuts. 
 
 Var. 1 ; leaves crenate-serrate, serratures glandular. 
 
 Var. 2. moschata; leaves alternate and whorled, coarsely serrate, less glandular. 
 I. moschata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 38. 
 
 Var. 3. Candida; uppermost leaves opposite or whorled, flowers white spotted with 
 crimson. I. Candida, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. 1840, Misc. 85 ; 1841, t. 20. 
 
 Var. 4. macrochila ; upper leaves alternate, terminal lobes of the wings longer 
 dimidiate-ovate falcate. 1. macrochila, Lindl. Bot. Beg. 1840, t. 8. ' 
 
 89. Z. Thomsoni, Hook f. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 128 ; tall, robust, 
 branched, quite glabrous, leaves opposite below whorled or alternate 
 above, petioled ovate acuminate coarsely serrate, stipules pulvinate*, 
 peduncles erect, flowers umbelled, sepals ovate-lanceolate, standard entire, 
 wings 2-lobed, lip conical narrowed into the rather long spur, capsule 
 narrowly clavate. 
 
 Inner ranges of the Temperate Himalaya, Piti and Kunawur, alt. 9-10,000 ft., 
 T. Thomson; Kumaon and Garwhal, alt. 12,000 ft., Strach. & Wint. ; Sikkim, alt. 
 12,000 ft., /. n. H. 
 
 Probably a small state of I. Boylei or sulcata, 2-12 in. high, with flowers only half 
 the size, a conical or trumpet-shaped lip narrowed into the spur, and a narrower cap- 
 sule 4-1 i"- long- It is only found in the interior and drier Himalayan ranges, and 
 varies exceedingly in the size of all its parts. The flowers are pale and spotted. The 
 stipules usually form a large glandular tubercle. 
 
 90. I. sulcata, Wall. (Jot. 4764 in part ; stem stout erect grooved 
 quite glabrous, leaves usually opposite and whorled elliptic- ovate or lan- 
 ceolate coarsely crenate-serrate, stipules pulvinate, flowers many umbelled 
 or racemed, standard 2-lobed, wings broad, lip saccate obtuse, spur short 
 inflexed, capsule elongate horizontal. H. f. <£• T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 
 129. I. gigantea, Edgew. in Trails. Linn. Soc. xx. 38. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-12,000 ft., from Makri to Sikkim. 
 
 A gigantic annual herb, said to attain 15 ft. in height, but 1 never saw it more than 
 8 in Sikkim, with furrowed fistular stems, so like /. Boylei that I suspect it may prove 
 to be a variety of that plant, differing in the more crenate leaves, stipules (a very vari- 
 able character), and the longer narrow inclined capsules 1 in. long, wdiich are but 
 sUghtly clavate, and have similar large eatable seeds. It should also be compared with 
 states of /. longicornu. The 4 lateral sepals are sometimes developed in Sikkim. /^ 
 
 Var. minor; smaller, lip conical.— Kunawur, alt. 8000 ft., T. Thomson. 
 
 91. I. amplexlcaulls, Edgew, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 37; tall, 
 branched, quite glabrous, leaves sessile lower opposite oblong-lanceolate 
 upper ahernate ovate-lanceolate amplexicaul, all crenate-serrate, stipules 
 pulvinate or obsolete, flowers umbelled or racemed, standard orbicular 
 2-lobed, wings 2-lobed, lip saccate acute or obtuse, spur short inflexed, 
 capsule slender horizontal. //./. (^ T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 129. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-12,000 ft.; Kulu, Edgeworth; Simla, Lady 
 Dalhousie ; Kumaox, Strach. & Wint. 
 
470 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineoe, Hook, f.) [Impaticns. 
 
 A very distinct species in foliage, and at once recognised by tlio alternate am- 
 plexicaul upper leaves, but the lower leaves, habit, flowers and fruit differ little from 
 /. sulcata and Thomsoni. The stem is 4-angled, peduncles short, llovvers fewer and 
 smaller, and the capsule is hardly clavate, 1-1 J in, 
 
 B II.— Unifloe^. (See also /. discolor^ spirifer and serrata under B m., 
 * which are sometimes 1-nowered). 
 
 92. Z. trlpetala, Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 453 ; tall, glabrous, rarely- 
 pubescent, branched, stout, leaves large membranous long petioled opposite 
 alternate or whorled ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crennlate, 
 pedicels slender solitary or fascicled, tiowers large, sepals subulate falcate, 
 standard obovate spurred at the back, wings small, lip deeply saccate, 
 spur short abrupt mcurved. I. multiflora, Wall Cat. 4742; //./. <t' T. in 
 Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 126. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. IT.; Bhotan, Duphla Hills, 
 Booth; Assam, Silhet, and Khasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft. 
 
 Annual. JStein stuut, succulent, 1^-2 ft., swollen at the nodes, simple or with op- 
 posite branches. Leaves 2-8 in., exclusive of the petiole, which is often 5 in.^ mem- 
 Dranous, acuminate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, nerves very numerous, lower 
 crenatures often with bristles. Pedicels 4-1 in., glabrous, bracteate at the base when 
 fascicled on a short peduncle. Flowers red or purple, 1^ in. from the base of the lip to the 
 tip of the standard, glabrous or pubescent; sepals very small for the size of the flower; 
 standard galeate ; wings with two suborbicular lobes ; lip rounded at the base, suddenly 
 narrowed into a spur. Capsule ^-\ in., ellipsoid, quite glabrous. Sccdn many, pyrilbrm, 
 testa rough opaque. — Specimens of this might be referred to sections B. i. and B. iii., 
 accoiding as the leaves are opposite or alternate, and the pedicels solitary or collected 
 on a peduncle. 
 
 93. Z. puberula, DC. Prodr. i. 684 ; slender, erect, leafy, pubescent, 
 leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate crenate acuminate eglandular, pedicels 
 subterminal bracteate slender l-flowered, flowers pubescent violet, sepals 
 broad, standard orbicular notched dorsally winged, terminal lobe of wings 
 broadly semi-obovate, lip conoidal, spur long slender incurved, capsule 
 slender. Wall. Fl. As. Far. ii. 83, t. 193 ; Cat. 4767 A ; //./. <^ T. in 
 Joum. Linn. ISoc. iv. 141. I. mollis, Wall, in Moxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, 
 ii. 461. I. hispidula, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4740. 
 
 Temperate regions of the Sikkim and Nipal Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft. 
 
 «SYe7/i ,2-3 ft., sparingly branched, pubescent above. Leaves 1-3 in., membranous, 
 usually pubescent on both surfaces ; petiole rather short; stipules 0. Pedicels 1-1 4 in., 
 pubescent, usually confined to the uppermost axils ; bracts subulate, basal, or 0. 
 Flower flat, l|-l| in. from the standard to the wings; sepals broad ovate acuminate; 
 standard almost as large as the two wings, and, like them, of a deep violet colour; wings 
 of 2 sessile lobes, lateral smaller rounded; lip rather small; spur ^ in. Capsule 1 in., 
 glabrous. Seeds immature. — In the Linnean Journal I confounded with this under 
 variety ^, a Khasia plant which I now find should be referred to /. hella, leaving this a 
 single-flowered species. The Sikkim specimens are larger leaved and more glabrous than 
 the Nipalese. 
 
 94. Z. arg-uta, H. f. & T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. 137 ; slender, erect,' 
 glabrous or sparsely pubescent, leaves ovate or lanceolate sharply ser- 
 rate, petiole usually glandular, peduncle very short 1-2-flowered, bracts 
 setaceous twisted or 0, flower large, sepals ovate-cordate, standard orbi- 
 cular spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very long pendulous, lip 
 elongate saccate, spur short stout incurved. 
 
InijMtiens.] xxxii. GERAXiACEiE. (§ Balsainineifi, Hook, f.) 471 
 
 Shaded woods of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 5-7000 ft., and Khasia Mts., alt. 3-6000 
 ft. ; Bhotan, at Duphla, Booth ; Bikma, at Momyen, /. Anderson. 
 
 Perhaps only a variety of /. spirifer, but a stronger growing plant, often much 
 branched, leaves more strongly toothed, often ciiiate at the ba«e, petiole usually glan- 
 dular, bracts, when present, very curiously twisted, lip deeper, and spur not spiral. 
 Capsule 1 in., stout, /Seeds orbicular, small, opaque, granulate. — 1 have found 4 late- 
 ral sepals on this species ; it was the commonest Darjeeliug one in 1848. 
 
 B in. — AXILLIFLOE^. 
 
 * Standard usually spurred at the hack. 
 
 95. X. Jurpia, Ham. in Wall. Cat.^ 4761 ; tall, shrubby, branched, 
 glabrous or pubescent, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate-' 
 acuminate often oblique crenate, peduncles very long 1-3-flowered, flowers 
 large, bracteoles and sepals minute, standard obcordate usually with a long 
 dorsal spur, terminal lobe of wings obovate or oblong, lip very large saccate, 
 spur short stout incurved. H.f. <&; T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv, 140. 
 
 Shaded woods of the temperate and subtropical Himalaya from Nipal to Bhotan ; 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft. 
 
 Stem 5-8 ft., stout and woody below ; branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 3-10 
 in., very membranous, many-nerved, with scattered hairs above, often red beneath, 
 often ciiiate towards the base ; nerves numerous, slender ; petiole usually long and 
 slender, often glandular. Peduncles 2-4 in., slender; bracts subulate; pedicels 4-1 iu. 
 Flowers nearly 2 in. from the spur to the tip of the standard, white or pale straw- 
 coloured or orange-red ; standard with a spur sometimes J in. long, at others obsolete ; 
 wings small, lateral lobes rounded, included, terminal exserted, twice as large, notched 
 at the tip or not, with an inflexed auricle on the inner margin ; lip very large and 
 broad, usually rounded at the base ; spur stout, obtuse. Capsule 1-1 ^ in., narrow-linear, 
 clavate, acute, glabrous. Seeds many, small, opaque, suborbicular, tubercled. — A 
 splendid species, closely allied in flower to /. spirifer, arguta, and discolor. The 
 peduncles are sometimes 9 in. long, and bear many alternate broad ovate small per- 
 sistent thick bracts and no flowers. Amongst Cathcart's drawings of Darjeeling plants 
 is a white-flowered species, probably a variety of this, with large bracts and a very short 
 spur on the standard. 
 
 96. I. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4767; 1 DC. Prodr. i. 687; slender, erect, 
 branched, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles 
 short axillary 1-3-flowered, bracts broad ovate gland-tipped, flowers large, 
 sepals rather large broadly ovate, standard orbicular spurred at the back, 
 terminal lobe of wing large pendulous, lip very large deep conoidal nar- 
 rowed into a short stout involute obtuse spur. H.f. d; T. in Journ. Linn. 
 iSoc. iv. 137. I. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Reise Pr; Waldem. Lot. 121, 1. 15 A. 
 
 Temperate Nipal and Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft. 
 
 Glabrous, or pubescent on the leaves above. Stem 3-5 ft, decumbent and rooting at 
 the base. Leaves membranous, crenatures coarse, with a bristle in the sinus ; nerves 
 many ; petiole variable, naked. Peduncle a.x^d jjedicels together 1-2 in., very slender, 
 bracts yV i") scattered. Flowers 1^-2 in., violet-blue with a pink-purple veined very 
 large lip ; standard small ; wings as in /. arguta and spirifer, which this much re- 
 sembles in foHage and flowers, but differs wholly in the frmt. Capsule | in., slender, 
 clavate and acuminate beyond the middle, the lower portion being seedless. Seeds un- 
 ripe. — A very common Darjeeling species. De Candolle describes the flower as yellow, 
 so I suspect that he has had J. urtlcafolia (or perhaps 1. Jiavida) in his eye, with which 
 species this has much in common ; in this the leaves are more uniform, less crowded 
 upwards and less drawn out at the apex ; and the flowers are more uniformly lateral. 
 
 97. X. spirifer, H.f. dh T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 135 ; erect, glabrous, 
 or sparsely pubescent, leaves long-petioled ovate-lanceolate caudate-acu- 
 
4?2 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 ruinate coarsely crenate ui)per sessile, stipules setose, peduncles 1-2, sepals 
 large ovate-cordate, standard orbicular spurred behind, terminal lobe of 
 •wings very long pendulous, lip subcampanulate, spur short spiral, capsule 
 long slender. 
 
 Temperate and subtropical woods of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 4-7000 ft. 
 
 Stem 8-10 in., slender, sparingly branched. Leaves membranous, 1-3 in., narrowed 
 int'o the slender cyliiidrical petiole, apiculate in the crenatures. Peduvchs sometimes 
 2 and connate at the base, ebracteate, very slender, shorter or longer than the leaves. 
 Flowers 1^ in. from the spur to the tip of the apiculate st!in<lard : wings violet-purple, 
 the terminal lobe sometimes 1^ in. long, elliptic-oblong; lip deeply conoidal, inHuted, 
 narrowed into the spiral spur, pale rose-coloured streaked with purple. Cajy^tile 1 in., 
 very slender. /Seeds small, globose, puberulous. — A lovely plant, closely allied to 
 /. arguta, but the flowers are almost invariably solitary, and it wants the curious 
 united bracts. 
 
 98. X. porrecta, Wall. Cat. 7275 ; slender, quite glabrous, stem simple 
 creeping below, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrulate 
 2-glandular near the base, peduncles 2-3-flo\vered, bracts setaceous gland- 
 tipped, sepals ovate-lancetdate, standard orbicular spurred at the back, ter- 
 minal lobe of wings elongate pendulous, lip large conoid deep narrowed 
 into a rather long abruptly hooked spur. H. f. <k T. in Jourii. Linn. 
 JSoc. iv. 138. 
 
 Khasia Mt9., Wallirh; in marshes at Kala Panee, alt. 5-6000 ft., /. D. H. & T. T. 
 
 aSYc7w siniple, 12-18 in, succulent. Leaves 14-24 in., membranous, many-nerved; 
 petiole 1-1 4 in. JPcduncIe with the pedicels shorter than the leaves. Flowers large, 
 14 in. long, pale yellow or straw-coloured, beautilully striated with red; standard and 
 wiuijs as in /. discolor, but the lip is very different, being almost triangular in profile, 
 narrowed into a spur as long as itself. Capsule very immature, apparently not more 
 than 4 in., acuminate. 
 
 90. X. scabrida, DC. Prod?-, i. 687 ; glabrous or pubescent, leaves 
 ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrate, stipules of two large glands, pe- 
 duncles short 2-6-flo\vered, bracts setaceous, sepals broad ovate-cordate, 
 standard very large orbicular spurred behind, wings smaller, lij) conoidal 
 as long as the incurved spur. Wall. Cat. 4769 ; Wif/M Ic. t. :'.23 ; //./. <(• T. 
 in Journ. Linn. ISoc. iv. 136. I. tricornis, Lindl. Lot. lu'(j. 1840, t. 9; Hook. 
 Bot. Mag. t. 4051. I. cri.stata and I. calycina. Wall, in lloxh. F'l. Ind. Ed. 
 Careij, ii. 456 and 463. I. Hamiltoniana, Don Prodr. 204. 
 
 8hady woods of the temperate Himalaya, from Kunawar to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft. 
 
 Robust, often much brancbed, 3-5 ft., rarely quite glabrous. Leaves 2-6 in., sesi-ile 
 or narrowed into tbe naked petiole. Flowtrs 1 in., golden-yellow, spotted with red, 
 sometimes panicled, generally in several axils; peduncle 1-2 in., pedicels as long; 
 standard cordate at the base, lateral lobe of wings short rounded, terminal much -smaller, 
 oblong. Capsule 1-2 in., slender, straight, ribbed, glabrous or puberulous. Seeds 
 1 -seriate, oblong, scarcely tubercled. — De Candolle describes the spur as very Inng 
 (longissimus), which is certaiidy not the case. I have no ISikkim specimen, but have 
 a figure of the plant amongst Caihcail's drawings, which has 4 lateral sepals. 
 
 100. X. tropseolifolia, Griff, mss. ; nearly glabrous, stem stout succu- 
 lent branched, leaves petioled elliptic-obovate acuminate crenate-serrulate, 
 X)eduncles succulent 2-3-flowered, flowers large yellow, sepals broad orbi- 
 cular-ovate, standard orbicular thick green with a dorsal spur, wdngs very 
 large clawed 2-lobed with an inflexed thickened auricle on the inner 
 margin, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a stout incurved spur. 
 
 MisHMi Hills, Griffith. 
 
 Annual, a foot high; stem diaphanous, flexuous. Leaves 2-34 ^^-t rather thick, 
 
Imputiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsaminese, Hook, f.) 473 
 
 glabrous or sparsely puberulous above, white beneath, teeth with subspiral bristles, 
 nerves slender; petiole \~% in. ; stipnlar glands obsolete or 0. Peduncles 1^ in., appa- 
 rently not stiff ; bracts small, caducous ; pedicels slender. Flower about 1 in. diam. ; 
 sepals acuminate, green; standard very coriaceous or fleshy; wings 1 in. long, claw 
 broad, dilating first into a rounded lateral lobe, which is followed by twice as large a 
 rounded terminal lobe ; a curious incurved and thickend semilunar fold of the inner 
 margin occurs opposite the union of the lobes ; lip large ; spur 1 in. long. Fruit un- 
 known. — This fine species may belong to A v. in the short-fruited section. 
 
 ** Standard not spurred, hut sometimes gibbous at the back. {See also 
 100. tropaeolifolia.) 
 
 101. Z. laevlg-ata, Wall. Cat. 4753 ; shrubby, erect, glabrous, leaves 
 petioled elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate serrate, peduncles 
 axillary very short stout, bracts large, Howers racemed and crowded Or' 
 solitary yellow, sepals very large green orbicular, standard transversely 
 oblong not spurred behind, wings short 2-lobed, lip funnel-shaped narrowed 
 into a hooked spur of its own length or shorter. H. f. <k T. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. iv. 146. 
 
 Shaded woods in the Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft. 
 
 Stem 4-6 ft., woody below, branched; branches nodose, sometimes pubenilous. 
 Leaves 4-6 in., membranous, often oblique at the base, serratures with a bristle; 
 petiole \-l in., sometimes glandular. Peduncles ^-lin., usually crowded in the upper 
 axils, stout, 1-4-flowered; bracts broadly ovate-cordate, obtuse, sometimes i in.; pedi- 
 cels short, stout. Flowers 1-14 in. long, pale yellow streaked with pink on the wings 
 and lip ; sepals very large indeed, sometimes 4 ii»- long, acute, very oblique ; upper, 
 wing-lobes short, oblong, obtuse, lower almost twice as large, oblong, unequally 2-lobed, 
 notched ; lip and spur |-1 in. 
 
 102. I. Cathcartii, Hook.f.; erect, shrubby, branched, glabrous, 
 leaves petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles 
 axillary long stout, bracts small, flowers laxly racemed large, sepals very 
 large coloured orbicular, standard orbicular gibbous or spurred behind, 
 wings short 2-lobed, lip saccate with a short stout incurved spur. 
 
 Shaded forests in the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 3-5000 ft., /. D.H. 
 
 A large ramous s[iecies, nearest allied to J. Icevigata in foliage and habit, but dif- 
 fering in the long very stout peduncled racemes, 3-7 in. long, smaller bracts, larger pink 
 flowers 2-24 in. loiig> with bright rose-coloured spur and standard; in the red (not 
 green) sei)als and more saccate lip. — As in /. Jurpia and other species the standard 
 varies in being .spurred or only gibbous at the back. 
 
 103. I. serrata, Bentli. in Wall. Cat. 4771 ; glabrous, erect, simple or 
 sparingly branched, leaves sessile or shortly petioled ovate-lanceolate acu- 
 minate s'harply serrate eglandular, stipules glandular or 0, pedicel very slender 
 forked in the middle li-flowered, bracts setaceous scattered, sepals large 
 broad, standard oblong clawed, wings clawed narrow, lip oblique conoid, spur 
 about equalling the flower. H. f. dL* T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 136. 
 
 Shaded woods in the temperate regions of Nipal, Wallich ; Sjkkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft., 
 and Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 Stem slender, 1-3 ft. Leaves membranous, narrowed gradually into the petiole. 
 Flowers |-14 in. long, yellow or white spotted with red ; sepals very variable, some- 
 times very large, and almost orbicular; standard and wings apparently remote from the 
 length of their claws ; spur abrupt, recurved. Capsule 1-1^ in., very slender. iSeeds 
 numerous, narrow obovoid, strongly tubercled. — Allied to /. scabrida, but smaller, moi-e 
 delicate, with ditferently shaped lip, spur, and sepals. 
 
 104. I. longripes, E.f. <& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 150 ; quite glabrous, 
 tall, branched, leaves distant shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate- 
 
474 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 acuminate crenate, peduncles solitary axillary very long slender arcuate, 
 raceme terminal 3-5-flowered, bracts subulate caducous, flowers 1 in. 
 yellow, sepals 2-4 small, standard orbicular apiculate, wings with a long 
 narrow twisted terminal lobe, lip trumpet-shaped, spur slender hooked. 
 
 Temperate Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8-10,000 ft., /. D. R. 
 
 A very distinct plant, 3-4 ft,, with scattered uniform leaves and long axillary sub- 
 horizontal peduncles, 2-5 in. long. Stipules 0. Stem subtetragonous. Leaves 3-5 
 in., membranous, rather falcate ; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers loosely racemed, pale yellow, 
 unspotted ; buds rounded at the apex. Stixih sometimes 4, ovate-lanceolate ; lateral 
 "v\in,^-lobe rounded, terminal 1 in., broadly subulate. Capsule not seen. — 1 have not 
 cited any other habitat for this species but Sikkim ; the Kumaon plants cited in Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. being imperfect. In the form of the flower it is most allied to /. laxijiora 
 and its allies. 
 
 105. I. urticifolla, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, u, 457 ; Cat. 4768 ; 
 simple or sparingly branched, quite glabrous, leaves large lower loiig- 
 petioled elliptic-ovate caudate-acuminate coarsely crenate, peduncles ax- 
 illary and subterminal very slender arched 3-5-tlowered, bracts persistent 
 slender, flowers large purple or vellow, sepals obliquely ovate, standard 
 orbicular, wings 2-lobed, lip shortly saccate, spur short incurved or hooked. 
 I. urticifolia, vars. a and -y, //./. (& T. in Journ. Liim. ISoc. iv. 152. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft., /. D.Il 
 Stem 2-3 ft., usually slender, and bardly branched. Leaves A-(!) in., upper sessile, 
 membranous, tips Ltn^ and quite entire; nerves many spreading, very slender; crena- 
 turcs with subbasal bristles ; petiole 1-3 in. ; stipular glands sessile or pedicelled or 0. 
 Peduncles 2-5 in., usually axillary, sometimes Rubtcrniinal and clustered, always very 
 slender, horizontal, and more or less arched ; divided, as it were, at the top into 3-5- 
 filiform pedicels, which, as well as the bracts (nearly \ in.), are very slender, and do not 
 spread. Flowers yellow according to Wallich, white or pale purple with red streaks, 
 in the Sikkim specimen, | in. diain. ; sepals oblique, long-pointed ; standard obscurely 
 keeled ; wings with broad lateral lobes and elongate oblong terminal ones ; spur almost 
 as broad as deep, apiculate, base contracted but rounded, spur stout, obtuse. Cnjjsule 
 1 in., inclined, linear, acuminate, glabrous, Seeds unripe. — This resembles a good 
 deal /, amphorata, but is distinguished by its' long, arched, filiform, usually horizontal, 
 peduncles, which do not bear a raceme, but as it were divide into pedicels, and by its 
 long slender bracts. It is most nearly allied to /. lomjipes and I. cymbifera. Wallich's 
 description of the flower is imperfect, and I am unable to examine the wings of the 
 dried specimens. 
 
 106. Z. cymbifera, Honk.f.; slender, branched, quite glabrous, leaves 
 petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-acuminate sharply crenate- 
 serrate, peduncles axillary and subterminal much shorter than the leaves 
 filiform 1-4-tlowered, bracts large caducous, flowers large lilac, se])als large 
 orbicular-ovate, standard orbicular gibbous behind, lateral wing-lobes 
 rounded, terminal elongate-oblong conniving, lip broadly and deeply boat- 
 shaped rounded below, spur 0. I. urticifolia ^, //./. <£: T. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. iv. 152. 
 
 Inner valleys of the Sikkim Himalaya ; Lachoong river, alt. 8-10,000 ft,, /. D. H. 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft., green with pale red-purple blotches; branches slender. I^eaves 4-8 in., 
 membranous, tip quite entire, crenatures or serratures very shallow, with a terminal or 
 subterminal bristle ; nerves many, arched, slender ; petiole 4-4 in-, winged ; stipular 
 glands sessile. Peduncles 14-3 in., spreading, capillary; bracts ^ in,, boat shaped with 
 long points; pedicels divaricating. Floicers 1-1^ in. long, pale lilac spotted with red; 
 sepals nearly as long as the standard, acuminate, green on one (the upper) side of tho 
 midrib, lilac on the other ; standard much vaulted, hardly, keeled ; terminal wing-lobes 
 horizontal, obtuse, conniving and parallel; Jip | in. Jong, ovoid in outline, apiculate,.. 
 
Impatiens.] xxxii. GERANiACEiE. (§ Balsamineee, Hook, f.) 475 
 
 almost hemispherical below. Capsule |-1 in., linear, cuspidate, torulose, glabrous. 
 i:)eeds few, youns: obovoid acute at the hilum, opaque. — Most nearly allied to I. urtici- 
 fulia, Wall., differing in the acute small serratures ^ of the leaves, short peduncles, 
 caducous broad bracts, and the curious concave boat-like spurless lip. 
 
 B IV. — SUBUMBELLAT^. 
 
 107. I. bicomuta, Wall. inRoxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Gareij, ii. 460 ; Cat. 4765 ; 
 tall, stout, quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate 
 crenate caudate-acuminate, racemes subterminal interrupted, pedicels 
 whorled, bracts narrow persistent, flowers rather large, sepals small, standard 
 orbicular, wings caudate, lip horned at the tip produced downwards into a 
 broad conoid or oblong incurved sac, spur short hooked or incurved. 
 1. longicornu, Wall. Cat. 4729 in part, not of Flor. Ind. I. longicornu, 
 Wall. var. a ; //./. c& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148. 
 
 Central and Western Temperate Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich; Garwhal, Strach. <& 
 Wint. 
 
 A tall, leafy, much-branched annual ; stem stout, succulent. Leaves 3-6 in., mem- 
 branous, with sometimes a few scattered hairs on the upper surface, crenate, bristles 
 or basal ; petiole 1-3 in., often with prominent basal stipular glands. Fedundes 
 2-4 in., -rather stout, erect; racemes many-flowered; bracts whorled, ovate, with long 
 prominent glandular tips; pedicels |-1 in., slender. Flowers |-1 in. long from tip of 
 lip to that of standard ; buds 2-homed by the spur and projecting glandular herbaceous 
 end of the lip, which is large, broad, and remarkably incurved ; wings with small 
 lateral lobes and narrow terminal ones. Capsule (according to Wallich) 1^ in., cylin- 
 dric, smooth, shining. Seeds 8-10, subcylindric. — Under Wallich's 4729 (/. longi- 
 cornu) there is a fine specimen of this, together with one of /. sulcata, and another of 
 /. ampliorata ? to neither of which does his character of the double-horned bud apply ; 
 and as the said fine specimen accords with another called /. bicomuta, but without a 
 Catalogue number, in Wallich's Herbarium, collected in Nipal in 1821, and with his 
 description of that plant in Roxburgh's Flora Indica, I retain the name here. The 
 specimen in his Herbarium bearing the Catalogue name of I. bicomuta, has the spur 
 rather more like that of /. ampliorata, but it has not the broad sepals. The name 
 longicornu in his Herbai-ium is inapplicable to any of the 3 plants in the sheet to 
 which it is attached, and had best be suppressed ; and all the more because it is not 
 his own /. longicornu published in Roxburgh (which is De Candolle's, and his own 
 lepttoceras). 
 
 108. I. amphorata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 39; erect, branched, 
 slender or robust, glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic acuminate-crenate with 
 glandular stipules, racemes subterminal subumbellately interrupted, bracts 
 broad persistent, flowers large, sepals small broadly cordate, standard orbi- 
 cular dorsally keeled or crested, wings with short lobes, lip a large deep 
 broad rarely conical obtuse sac with a short abrupt incurved spur, capsule 
 linear. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 5-8000 ft. 
 
 The habit and foliage of this are quite those of /. bicomuta, but the petioles ar^ more 
 constantly 2-glandular at the base, with the glands either sessile or stipitate, the apex 
 of the leaf is not so produced into an entire linear tail, the raceme is often hardly 
 whorled or interrupted, the sepals are constantly cordate, and the lip is usually of a 
 very different shape, being very large, subcylindric and saccate, rarely conoidal, and 
 though at times apiculate, never having the strong callous green points which suggest 
 the name of bicomuta for that plant. The flowers are, 1 believe, rose-coloured and 
 yellow, with red veins ; the lip, often f in., is in one specimen from Simla, drawn out 
 into a spur circinnate at the tip, and with the spur considerably over an inch long. 
 The capsule is erect, |-1| in., huear, acuminate, not at all clavate. Seeds few, large, 
 
4:7 Q XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 oblong, compressed ; testa rugose. — The following varieties are distinguished as species 
 by Mr. Edge worth : — 
 
 Var. 1. ampliorata proper; stipular glands pedicelled, standard crested, wings un- 
 equally hatchet-shaped, lip very obtuse, spur incurved, capsule subterete. I. anipho- 
 rata, Eclgeicorth, I.e. I. longiconiu, Wall. Cat. 4729, in part, I. umbrosa, Noh. in 
 Linn. Soc. Journ. I. picta, Knowhs & Wescott Floral Cabinet, t. 128 (according to 
 a specimen in Herb. Lindley). 
 
 VAR. 2. umbrom; stipular glands sessile obtuse, pedicels glandular, lip gradually 
 narrowed into the incurved spur, capsule subtorulose. I. umbrosa. Edgeiv. in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc. xx. 39. 1. longiconiu, var. a and S, nob. I.e. I. bicolor, Hoyle III. 151, 
 t. 28. I. Roy lei, Klotzsch in Beise Pr. Wold. 121, t. 15 B. 
 
 Var. 3. ■pallens ; stipular glands unequal ear-shaped, pedicels thickened eglandular, 
 flowers smaller paler, lip gradually narrowed into a revolute spur. I. pallens, Edgcw. 
 I.e. 39. I. longiconiu, var. pallens, Nob. I.e. 
 
 109. X. Hdg-eworthil, Ilook.f.; tall, robust,"branchcd, glabrous, leaves 
 large petioled elliptic acuminate acutely serrate, peduncles subterminal 
 fascicled, raceme short, interrupted, bracts large keeled persistent often 
 wliorled, flowers large yellow and red, sepals very large orbicular midrib 
 crested, standard orbicular crested, lateral wing-lobes obliquely oblong, 
 terminal oblong, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into an incurved spur. 
 I. longicornu, var. y cristata, Noh. in Jomm. Linn. iSiiC. iv. 148. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya at Kundau and the Bcas Valley in Kuld, Edge- 
 worth. 
 
 This resembles very closely /. hicomnta in habit, stature, and foliage, but the leaves 
 are sharply serrate, the serratures tipped with glandular bristles, the sej)al8 are very 
 large, nearly ^ in, long, crested on the midiib, and the lip is broadly funnel-shaped, 
 without the callous green points of that species. From 7. umbrosa it differs in the 
 same points (except the last). The stipular glands are tumid ; the bracts boat-.shaped, 
 with long stiff' glandular points ; the tiower 1 in. long from the tip of the standard to 
 the spur; the sepals green, rest of the flower yellow streaked with red, except" the 
 broad crested midrib of the standard, which is green. Capsule and seeds as in 
 /. amphorata. 
 
 110. Z. mishmlensis, Uook.f.; quite glabrous, stem stout branched, 
 leaves petioled clliptic-ohlanceolate acuminate serrate, peduncles stout 
 axillary, flowers large white in broken wliorls, bracts large whorled per- 
 sistent, sepals large broad ovate, standard orbicular obtusely spurred at 
 the back, terminal wing-lobes elongate, lip fuuuel-sliaped narrowed into a 
 short incurved spur. 
 
 MisnMi Mrs., Gnjjith. 
 
 A stout apparently succulent plant, 4 ft. high. Leaves 6 in., crowded towards the 
 ends of the branches, membranous, sometimes gland-tipped, nerves very slender ; petiole 
 1^-2 in. ; stipular glands U or obsolete. Peduncles stout, shorter than the leaves ; bracts 
 
 in., spreading, acuminate, concave, green ; pedicels %-\ in. Elowers few, more or 
 less umbelled, about 1^ in. diani. ; sepals and standard flesh-coloured ; wings apparently 
 clawed and 2-lobed, both lobes being narrow, the terminal larger, tinged with yellow, 
 and with 2 yellow spots ; Up large j spur about 1 in. Capsule unripe, 1-1;J in., linear. 
 
 111. I. radiata, Hook.f.; tall, quite glabrous, much branched, leaves 
 long-petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles 
 fascicled towards the ends of the branches erect, pedicels very numerous 
 more or less whorled, bracts persistent, flowers small yellow or purpli.sh. 
 sepals small, standard orbicular, terminal wing-lobe elongate, lip conical 
 ending in a short straight spur. I. racemosa, U.f. dj T. in Linn. Soc, 
 Journ.jy. 147, not of Le Candolle and Wallich. 
 
Impatiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineee, Hook, f.) 477 
 
 SiKKiM HiMALArA, alt. 6-12,000 ft.; Khasia Mts., alt. 5-7000 ft. 
 
 A large leafy species, 3-5 ft., with copious inflorescence. Leaves 3-5 in., often fas- 
 cicled towards the top of the stem, crenatures large, bristles basal ; petiole ^-3 in., 
 with two large stipuliform glands at the base. Peduncles 3-8 in , corymbosely crowded, 
 strict, stiff, with 2-5 whorls of stiff spreading pedicels 4-2 in. long ; bracts whorled, 
 ^-^ in., ovate, with long stout glandular points. Flowers ^ in. indndm^ the spur, 
 yellow or purplish, bud rounded at the top ; sepals lanceolate, with long points like the 
 bracts ; standard neither winged, keeled nor spurred ; spur straight with a swollen tip, 
 much shorter than the pedicel. Capsule f-1 in., strict, rarely inclined, usually in a line 
 with the pedicel, linear, hardly at all clavate, glabrous. /Seeds between obovoid and 
 oblong, small and smooth or nearly so, apiculate at the hilum. — A very distinct plant, 
 though in a dry state small specimens are indistinguishable from several of its allies 
 in B. V. The Sikkim specimens have larger seeds than the Khasian. 
 
 B V. — Eacemos^. 
 
 * Bracts deciduous ; spur long, slender. 
 
 112. Z. insig-nis, DC. Prodr. i. 688; glabrous, stem simple robust, 
 leaves sessile elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate thick, nerves many- 
 strong, peduncles subterminal usually numerous stout long erect, raceme 
 terminal, bracts large caducous, flowers crowded red, sepals large, standard 
 broadly oblong recurved, wings small 2-lobed, lobes short, lip conoidal 
 tapering into a long curved spur. Wall. Plant. As. Rar. ii. 83, t. 194; 
 Cat. 4766; H.f. dj T. in Joarn. Linn. JSociv. 150. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich. 
 
 Stem 1-2 ft., quite simple, very stout, hard, angled, swollen at the nodes, leafy. 
 Leaves 2-5 in., almost coriaceous, serratures close-set, tipped with a stout brisde, midrib 
 and nerves prominent, transverse nerves very distinct ; stipules of 2 glands. Peduncles 
 often crowded at the top of the stem, 4-8 in., rigid ; bracts \ in., boat-shaped, acute ; 
 pedicels ^-| in., erect in flower spreading in fruit. Flowers 14 in., dark rose ; sepals 
 broad, acuminate ; standard neither keeled nor spurred ; lateral wing-lobes ovate, 
 obtuse, termiiial longer, oblong; lip with a stout point or horn, gradually contracting 
 below into the fiexuous spur, together 1 in. long. Capsule 1 in., narrow clavate, apicu- 
 late, glabrous, cernuous. — Specimens in the VVallichian Herbarium are labelled as from 
 Silhet, but 1 suspect through some error. 
 
 113. X. leptoceras, DC. Prodr. i. 688 ; very robust, much branched, 
 nodes close swollen, leaves sessile or petioled narrow lanceolate acuminate 
 crenate-serrate, peduncles fascicled subterminal erect shorter than the leaves, 
 flowers small (except the spur) crowded, bracts large boat-shaped with long 
 points deciduous, buds rounded, sepals large obliquely ovate-cordate, wings 
 2-lobed with a short narrow claw, lip boat-shaped, spur very long slender. 
 Wall. Cat. 4770. I. longicornu, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 462 ? 
 Miquel III. Flor. Archi}). Ind. 103. I. leptoceras var. a, H.f. & T. in Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. iv. 153. I. odorata, Don Prodr. 213. 
 
 NiPAL, or Sheopore, Wallich. — Distrib. ? Java {^liquet). 
 
 Stem 2-4 ft.? smooth, fleshy, as thick as the thumb below ; branches with decurrent 
 lines from the petioles. Leaves 5-Q in., very long-acuminate, serratures incumbent, with 
 basal bristles ; nerves not stout, and without transverse nervules ; petiole |-1 in., with 
 purplish stipular glands. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, stout, erect. Flowers yellow, 
 fragrant, ^ in. diam. ; bracts large, ^-f^ in., 3-nerved ; pedicels 1 in. Standard broader 
 than long ; wings (1 have given Wallich's description in the specific character) ; lip 
 pointed, but not hoi-ned at the point ; spur ascending or straight. Capsule detached, 
 those in the Wallichian Herbarium, and consequently possibly not of this species, are 
 1-1 1^ in., very narrow, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds unripe, oblong. — I find nothing 
 resembling Wallich's original specimens in any other collection, in point of robustness, 
 
478 xxxTi. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminece, Hook, f.) [ImpatieTis. 
 
 Bhort intevnodes (1 in.), swollen nodes, leafiness, very long narrow leaves, few flowers 
 terminating the short peduncles, and great length of spur. Amongst his distributed 
 Bpecimens under this name, however, are /. racemosa, laxiflora ? and others. He has 
 attached a mss, ticket of " /. longicornu, Wall." (along with the lithographed Catalogue 
 ticket)- to the orie^inal specimen, thus identifying this plant with that he described in 
 the Carey Edition of Roxburgh's Flora Indica. In that work Wallich says he has 
 received the same plant from Western Nipal, gathered by Dr. Govan ; but there are no 
 specimens of Govan 's in his Herbarium, and I suspect that laxijiora gv racemosa is 
 here alluded to, which he has distributed under the same number, and which De Can- 
 dolle probably describes as var. a. /. leptoceras resembles /. insir/im, but the leaves 
 are longer, less coriaceous, and want the strong transverse nervules so well marked in 
 that plant ; the peduncles are moreover much shorter, the flowers and sepals mnrh 
 Btnaller, the tip is not horned at the points, and the spur is far longer. De CandoUe 
 describes two varieties, a and j3, with peduncles respectively longer and shorter than 
 the leaves. The present plant is his ^ I suppose ; his a being probably /. laxijiora. 
 I have, however, retained his name, as being in accordance with Wallich'a determi- 
 nation. 
 
 114. I. tuberculata, //./. d- T. in Joum. Linn. Soc.'iv. 155; erect, 
 branciied, quite glabrous, leaves shortly petioled elliptic acuminate crenate, 
 peduncles erect and pedicels short, bracts minute caducous, flowers small 
 purplish, sepals falcate, standard orbicular, wings exserted broad obtuse, 
 lip boat-shaped with a very short spur, capsule short clavate tubercled. 
 
 Temperate and Subalpine Sikkim Himalaya, alt 10-13,000 ft., J. D. 11, 
 iSttm 2-3 ft., succulent. Leaves 2-4 in., more or less fascicled as if whorled at the 
 ends of the branches, rather thick, bristles of the seiratures basal, nerves many, diverg- 
 ing; petiole J-.^ in. ; stipular glands obscure or 0. Peduncles 1-1 4 in.; racemes not 
 interrupted, 4-8 flowered ; pedicels \-^ in. Flowers ^ in. diam. ; sepals much curved, 
 very small ; standard orbicular, very concave, keeled at the back ; lateral wing-lobes 
 orbicular, terminal produced (I think); lip apiculate; stem broad short. Capsule 
 ^ in., erect or horizontal, 5-angled, valves with 2 .series of pustules or tubercles; tip 
 obtuse, with a curved spur or beak. Seeds | in., oblong, narrow, compres'<ed ; testa 
 spongy, wrinkled, brown. — A very well marked species, L»y the shortly petioled leaves 
 with basal bristles in the cronatures, short peduncles and pedicels, peculiar capsules 
 and large seeds. 
 
 115. X. stenantha, ITook.f.; tall, much branched, quite glabrous, 
 leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or caudate-acuminate 
 crenate, peduncles axillary and terminal, bracts caducous, flowers 
 yellow, buds beaked at the rounded or subacute tip, sepals small narrow, 
 standard recurved, lateral wing-lobes oblong, terminal narrow elongate 
 acute or obtuse, lip trumpet-shaped horned at the very oblique mouth, 
 narrowed into a long slender spur. 
 
 SiKKTM Himalaya and E. Nipal, common, alt. 6-8U00 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 
 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 Usually tall, erect, much branched. Leaves 2-6 in., crenatures with basal or sub- 
 basal bristles ; petiole ^-3 in. ; stipular glands sessile or stipitato on the stem or petiole. 
 Peduncles slender, shorter of longer than the leaf; racemes short; bracts SL-taceous, 
 caducous long before the expansion of the flower. Flowers yellow, often speckled with 
 red; bud 1 in. long, with a long terminal green beak; sepals sometimes 4; standard 
 orbicular or oblong ; wings with, sometimes a twisted acute terminal lobe nearly as long 
 as the spur, which is sometimes clubbed at the tip. Capbule ^ in., narrow clavate, 
 acuminate, glabrous. /Seeds small, obovoid, compressed, opaque. — I long hesitated 
 before separating this from /. angustljlora, but the constantly caducous bracts both in 
 Sikkim and the Khasia Mountains seem to indicate an important diiference, which will 
 no doubt be confirmed when the structure of the flower is better known. 
 
 Var. 1 ; leaves large elliptic caudate-acuminate, terminal wing-lobes acute flat re- 
 curved or twisted. — Sikkim. 
 
Impatkns.] xxxii. Geraniace^. (§ Balsamineee, Hook, f.) 479 
 
 ? Vak. 2 ; leaves small obtuse or subacute, peduncles few longer than the leaves, 
 terminal wing-lobe strap-shaped obtuse, flowers orange-yellow speckle<l with red, mouth 
 of lip hardly horned. — I. Itptoceras, var. /3, H.f.& T. in Jour n. Linn. Soc. iv. 153, 
 Khaeia Mts., at Myrung and Nonkrim — perhaps a different species. 
 
 ** Bracts persistent ; spur long, slender. 
 
 116. Z. racemosa, DC. Frodr. i. 688; erect, quite glabrous, slender, 
 branclieHI, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, 
 peduncles lateral and subterminal slender erect, bracts persistent, flowers 
 ^-|-in., sepals ovate, standard orbicular, wings with a filiform process 
 descending into the spur, lip boat-shaped with a curved spur equalling tiie 
 pedicel. I. racemosa. Wall. Cat. 4730 in part ; I. tingens, Edgew. in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc. xx. 41 ; //. /. (& T. in Joiirn. Linn. ^oc. iv. 151. I. micrantha, 
 Bon Frodr. 203. 
 
 Temperate Himabya ; from Simla, alt. 5-7000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft. 
 
 Stem 2-3 ft. high, sometimes glandular above. Leaves 3-9 in., membranous, crena- 
 tures with a bristle in the sinus or near it; petiole 4-2 in., slender, naked or with 
 2 sessile or pedicelled stipular glands at tlie base. Eacemes usually exceeding the 
 leaves, not interrupted, lax, G-10-flowered ; bracts ovate, with stout glandular points ; 
 pedicels slender. Flowers small (4 in.), yellow; sepals very variable, ovate or oblong, 
 with points like the bracts ; standard not spurred or winged ; wings narrow, pendulous, 
 lateral lobes orbicular, terminal broadly strap-shaped, obtuse, with a basal rounded 
 auricle externally, a slender almost filiform process, with a glandular tip, descends from 
 the inner margin of each wing into the spur. Capsule ^-f in., linear-clavate, acmni- 
 nate, glabrous. /Seeds large, oblong, compressed, rugose. — A caieful examination of those 
 specimens of Wallich's /. raremosa that agree with De Candolle's description, prove its 
 identity with Edgeworth's /. tingens, both having the curious filiform process of the 
 wings concealed in the spur ; and this obliges me to alter the nfHftenclature adopted in 
 the Linnean Journal, together with the description, as far as the Khasian specimens 
 (which must be excluded) are concerned. I have failed to prove the existence of the said 
 processes in the dried Sikkim specimens, which are in a very unsatisfactory state for an 
 analysis of such deHcacy as that of the spur ; but I think I detect their presence. The 
 plant varies extremely in size of all its parts, but is always small-flowered. Some of 
 Wallich's specimens have linear-lanceolate bracts. There are two sheets marked 
 /. racemosa in Wall. Herb., and on both are specimens of this, and of what is either 
 /. radiata or a small state of I. licornvta. The plant distributed by Wallich to the 
 Hookerian and Benthamian Herb., is that here described. Edgeworth (Trans. Linn. 
 Soc.) describes the standard as keeled and crested, which I do not find to be the case in 
 his specimen, which precisely accords with Wallich's. 
 
 117. Z. laxiflora, Edgav. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 40 ; tall, branched, 
 quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate, 
 l)edunc!es subterminal slender fascicled, bracts persistent lanceolate, pedi- 
 cels slender, flower | in, yellowish, buds rounded at the end, sepals small, 
 standard orlDicular, lateral wing-lobes rounded or oblong terminal rounded 
 or elongate, lip conical apiculate narrowed into a long usually curved 
 spur. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft. from Simla to Sikkim; Khasia Mts., alt. 
 5-6000 ft. 
 
 Stem 2-4 ft., slender. L^eaves 3-5 in , membranous, crenatures rounded with basal 
 orsubbasal bristles, nerves slender; petiole 1-3 in.; stipular glands various. Peduncles 
 usually exceeding the leaves, slender ; bracts small, narrow; pedicels not whorled or 
 fascicled, spreading. Flowers together with the spur, about 1 in. ; sepals usually small 
 and narrowly ovate; standard not crested nor spurretl at the back ; wings very variable 
 (if the following varieties all belong to one species) ; lip without a stout callous tip ; 
 spur straight or conical, tip often clubbed. Capsule %-! in., narrowly clavate, mucro- 
 
480 XXXII. GERANiACE^. (§ Balsaminece, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. 
 
 nate, glabrous. Seeds oblong, rugose, compressed, brown. — I have made this to in- 
 clude the common Himalayan Impatiens of the group with much hirger flowers than 
 rocemosa, crenate leaves, rounded tips to the buds, a long slender spur, and persistent 
 narrow bracts ; whether all the follo\\'ing varieties are referable to it cannot oe deter- 
 mined from dried specimens. Edgeworth's specimens in Herb. Bentham are not in an 
 examinable state. It diflers from /. leptoceras (to which 1 had referred various of the 
 ibrms) in the broader shorter leaves, persistent bracts, and habit of growth ; from 
 /. angufitijlora, in the rounded buds and lip not ending in a beak ; and from /. sten- 
 antha by the same characters and persistent bracts. 
 
 Var. 1. Edgeworthii ; stipular glands B-4 on each side of the petiole sessile, stan- 
 dard mucronate at the back, lateral wing-lobes obovate erect spotted yellow, terminal 
 flat lanceolate rosy or purple?, spur straight widte spotted yellow and purple. — I. laxi- 
 flora, Eilgeio. I.e. Banks of streams at Sevaria, alt. 7-9000 ft. Kumaon, Strach. cb 
 Wint. (Imp. 19). ^ _ 
 
 Var. 2. Stracheyi; stipulary glands various, flowers yellow, lateral wing-lobes large 
 rounded spreading, terminal short, narrower obtuse. — Simla, T. jT. ; Birma, 7300 ft., 
 Madden; Jagesur and Naintal, in Kumaon, iStr. & Whit. (Imp. 3); Sikkira, at 
 Choongtam, J. D. R. 
 
 Vak. 3. sikkimcnsis ; stipular glands several small or 0, standard green with purple 
 spots, wings lilac spotted with purple, lip yellow-green. — Sikkim at Lachoong, alt. 
 9000 ft. 
 
 Var. 4. Jchafiana; stipular glands or sessile or pedicelled, flowers pale-yellow, 
 Iffteral wing-lobes small spreading- ntunilod, terminal with a very broad rounded basal- 
 lobe on the outer margin and tongue-like obtuse apex. — Kha.sia, not common at Pom- 
 rang, Nunklow, Surureem and Molim. I. leptoceras var. a in part. M. f. tO T. in 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 153. 
 
 118. 1. paludoBa, Hook/.; small, sparinji^ly leafy, quite glabrous, 
 leaves shortly petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or obtuse crenate- 
 serrate, peduncles 1-2 mucli longer than the leaves 2-4 flowercl, bracts 
 broad boat-shai)ed, flowers yellow, buds rounded, sepals orbicular-ovate, 
 standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes small spreading rounded, terminal 
 very large spreading lobed at the side obtu.se, lip boat-shaped apiculate 
 narrowed into a long slender incurved spur. I. leptoceras, va): C II. f. t(!* T. 
 in Jmirn. Linn. ISoc. iv. 153. 
 
 KiiASiA Mrs. ; marshes near Nonkrim and Pomrang, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. 
 
 JStcm 4-10 in., rather rigid. Leaves 1-2 in., rather distant, thickish, crenatures with 
 basal bristles ; petiole \-h in. Peduncles 1-3 in., terminal and lateral ; bracts | in., 
 spreading or reflexed. liowers with the spur 1-1 1 in. ; sepals more than half as long 
 as the keeled standard; terminal wing-lobes about J in. broad ; spur clubbed at the tip. 
 Capsule I in., cylindric, apiculate, glabrous. jSecds minute, subouovate, pointed at the 
 hilura, rough, opaque. — 1 was long disposed to rank this merely as a for«i of / laxijiora, but 
 besides that the habit is very ditt'erent, the leaves are small, rather coriaceous, not longf 
 acuminate, the peduncles are few and few-flowered, the bracts very broad and boat- 
 shaped, with short stilf glandular points, the sepals are much longer and broader, and 
 the capsule shorter. 
 
 119. X. angrustiflora, IIoolc. /. ; simple or branched, quite glabrous, 
 leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-acuminate crenate, 
 ]>eduncles subterminal clustered slender erect, bracts small lanceolate 
 persistent, flowers yellow narrow, buds acuminate, sei)als small, standard 
 orbicular or oblong, lateral wing-lobes small, terminal elongate, lip 
 trumpet-shaped horned at the very oblique tip narrowed into a long slender 
 curved spur. I. leptoceras r), 6, H.f. d' T. iii Journ. Linn. iSoc. iv. 153. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 5-7000 ft., Lohh, &c. ; Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 Very similar to /. laxiflora, but at once distinguished by the narrow acute buds, due 
 to the very oblique mouth of the lip, which ends in a p-een strong subulate process, 
 
Lnpaiiens.] xxxii. geraniace^. (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 481 
 
 whence the unexpanded flower has a remarkably narrow form with a beaked tip; in 
 tin's respect it agrees with I. stenaniha, which differs in the deciduous bracts. The 
 wing-lobes vary much in breadth, and in var. 2 the terminal-lobes are inflexed, 
 crossing one another ; in var. 1 the form of the wing-lobes cannot be determined ; sti- 
 pular glands srssile or pedicelled or 0. 
 
 Var. 1 ; stem slender, branched, leaves elliptic-ovate. — Surureem in woods. 
 PBhotan. 
 
 Var. 2 ; stem very robust shorter sometimes narrowly- winged above, leaves longer 
 narrow-lanceolate. — Moflong. 
 
 120. Z. micranthemum, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 40; quite 
 glabrous, stem slender branched with scattered glands, somewhat winged 
 by the decurrent petioles, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate acuminate crenate, 
 peduncles subterminal fascicled and axillary very slender, bracts lan- 
 ceolate persistent, flowers ^ in. white, sepals small narrow, standard 
 orbicular, wings conniving, lateral lobes elliptic, terminal rounded, lip 
 tubular narrowed into a slender straight spur. //./. <& T. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. iv. 154, under I. laxiflora. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya; Simla, alt. 6-10,000 ft., Elgeioorth, Thomson. 
 
 A tali slender pale succulent plant, with difficulty distinguished in a dry state from 
 /. laxijlora, except by the smaller flowers and straighter spur. Leaves 3-4 in., very 
 rarely opposite, flaccid, with often 2 glands at the base of the blade, crenatures with 
 basal bristles, upper subsessile ; stipular gland stipitate. Peduncles longer or shorter 
 than the leaves ; racemes many-flowered ; pedicels ^-1 in., capillary. Flovyers white ; 
 standard with yellow and red spots. Capsule horizontal, \-\ in., linear, apiculate, gla- 
 brous^ Seeds oblong, rugulose. — I can find no valid characters in the description given 
 whereby to separate /. elata ; both are probably forms of /. brachi/centra, to which 
 Edg'eworth's var. ,8 of /. micranthermim may be referable. 
 
 Var. 1 ; bristles of crenatures basal, pedicels glandular. I. micranthemum, 
 Edgew. I.e. 
 
 Var. 2 ; bristles of crenatures subapical, pedicels glandular. I. elata, Edgew. Zc. 41. 
 
 * Bracts persistent, sjnir short or 0. 
 
 121. X. . brachy centra, Kar. (i- Kir. in Bidl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1S42, i. 
 179 ; erect, slender, branched, quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled 
 ellii^tic acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles fascicled at the top of the 
 stem stout erect, racemes many-fiowered, bracts minute persistent, flowers 
 minute pale, sepals ovate obtuse concave, standard broadly obovate, wings 
 ratffer long, lateral lobes rounded, terminal produced 2-lobed, lip boat- 
 shaped with a very short straight conical spur. 
 
 Western temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., from Kunawur, Jacquemont, to 
 Marri, Fleming. — Distrib. Soongaria. 
 
 Annual, 1-2 it. iStem usually naked below, not winged. Leaves 2-5 in., very mem- 
 branous, teeth tipped with a bristle, nerves many, very slender ; petiole 4-1 i"-, slender, 
 often with 2 sessile or stipitate stipular glands. Peduncles usually very numerous, 1-3 
 in., very slender, mostly subterminal, with a few reduced lateral ones in the lower axils ; 
 bracts setaceous; pedicels capillary. Flowers \ in., whitiish ; sepals large for the size of 
 the flower ; standard not keeled or spurred. Capsule ^-| in., narrow clavate, acute, 
 membranous, glabrous. Seeds few, oblong, pyriform, compressed, rugulose. The bristles 
 of the teeth of this species are distinctly apical. — I. ulata, Edgeio. {Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 
 41) differs according to the description in the distinct spur, in being di^tted with black 
 glands, and having glandular tips to the pedicels. (See under I. micrantheynunl.) 
 
 122. Z. depauperata, Hook. /.; low, slender, very much branched, 
 quite glabrous, loaves small shortly petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate 
 acmninate-crenate, racemes axillary few-flowered, bracts persistent, flowers 
 
 VOL I. n 
 
482 XXXII. GERANiACEiE. (§ BalsaminesB, Hook, f.) [Ivipatmis. 
 
 minute yellow, sepals ovate, standard orbicular, wings short, lip boat- 
 shaped with a gibbosity or boss in place of a spur. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft., at Surureem on walls, Griffith; at Molira, /. D. H. 
 tC- T.T. 
 
 Like a very small form of /. racemosa, but the flowers are not | in. diameter and 
 are not spurred. I should have referred it to a reduced form of this plant with minuie 
 flowers arie.sted in development, had it occurred in the Himalaya, but the widely- 
 sundered habitat obliges me to regard it as distinct. — Capsule ^ in., narrow-clavate, 
 glabrous. aSccJs small, obovate, compressfcd, pointed at the hilum. 
 
 OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY. 
 
 123. Z. grlauca, //. /. d' T. in Jouim. Linn. JSoc. iv. 155 ; tall, stout, erect, 
 quite glabrous, very glaucous throughout, leaves long-petioled ovate-oblong 
 or cordate coarsely crenate white beneath, peduncles axillary and terminal 
 very long and stout, raceme npt interrupted. 
 
 Western temperate Himahiya, at Dwali iu Kumaox, alt. 9500 ft., Strach. & Wint. 
 
 Stem very stout, the base of the branch in the Herbarium, which is almost 2 feet 
 long, being as thick as a swan's quill and much contracted, as if succulent when fresh. 
 Leaves 2 in., very obtuse, quite white beneath, membranous, nerves few arche(i, cn^na- 
 tiires with subterminal cilia or none ; petiole ^-^ in., with a large scutellate gland at 
 the outer base, which is also present at an analogous position on the peduncle. 
 J^eduncles many, 5 in., erect or ascending, the upper fa^cicled (as if branched) ; raceme 
 terminal, 6-8-flowered ; bracts caducous ; pedicels stout, § in., fruiting ones spreading, 
 much thickened at the lip. Capsule U in., inclined, linear-clavate, glabrous. Seed^ 
 sevtral, large, oblong, rugulose — Of this very singular species I have seen but one 
 n)Utilated lluwerless specimen ; it is wholly covered with a glaucous secretion of the 
 epidermis, very much as in Buhv« Hjiorus ; the loiig-pttioled leaves not narrowed into 
 the petiole, with coarse crenatures, resemble those of /. Nuli-metangere ; it is evi- 
 dently a tall much-branched plant. 
 
 [The following species has been published by Major Beddome in a number 
 of the Icones^ which did not reach England until after Part 11. had 
 appeared.] 
 
 33 his. X. Ballardi, Bedd. Ic. PI. hid. Or. 44, t. 192; slender, rooting 
 below, nearly glabrous, leaves alternate and opposite petioled ovate ser- 
 rate, base with glandular cilia, peduncles slender axillary and terminal 
 much exceeding the leaves, flowers subumbellate, sepals ovate-subulate, 
 standard orbicular concave, wings dimidiate-lanceolate acute spreading, 
 the lobes separated by a notcli only, lip boat-shaped with a very short 
 straight spur which is inflated in the middle and subulate at the tip. 
 
 Mountains of Tkavancor, near Permeede, at 2-3500 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A slender herb, 1-1 1 ft. Stein glabrous. Leaoes 1-2 in, nerves 3 or 4 on each side, 
 slightly hairy above, glabrous.^beneath ; petiole |-| in. Pedunclts 2-3^ in., snbgla- 
 brous, 5-8-fl"owerod ; pedicels slender, bracts minute. Floioer | in. long; standard 
 obscurely keeled, spur as long as the wings. Capsule ovoid, swollen, subg'abrous, 
 7_10-f^eedcd Seeds with weak hairs. — Description taken from Beddome's' characters 
 and plate quoted above, where it is stated that it is allied to I. Goughii, but has much 
 larger flowers and diflerently shaped petals. 
 
 DOUBTPUI. SPECIES. 
 
 T. SEMivERTiciLLATA, TuTCz. iuBull. SoG. Nttt. Mosc. 18G3, 1. 594. Annual, erect, 
 glabrous, branched ; leaves opposite and often 3-nately whorled, lower long petioled, 
 upper sessile, attenuate at both ends, repand crenate, with a bristle between the crena- 
 tures; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, as long as the leaf, lower solitary, upper fascicled ; 
 
Impatiens.] xxxii. geraniace^, (§ Balsamineae, Hook, f.) 483 
 
 spur exceeding the flower; capsule c^lindric, often incurved. — Nilghiri Mts., Perrotet, 
 n, 187. 
 
 I, CLAVicoRNU, Turcz. I.e. 1859, i. 271. The description will apply to any of the 
 long-spurred species of group A 1. 
 
 I. DEBiLis, Turcz. I.e. 1859, i. 271, may he /. tenella or any of its allies. 
 
 T. AssAMENsis, Grlf. Not. PL Asiat. iv. 459, t. 576, f. 1. It is impossible to say 
 what plant is meant here. The description answers best to I. stenantha in its habit, 
 very long peduncles, small flowers, and glabrous foliage, &c. ; but the figure cited is 
 that of a very robust and very pubescent plant (like /. scabrida), with an immense 
 flower, totally differing from the description in every respect. — Banks of the Burram- 
 poota in sandy places near Dibong Mookh, Grljjith. 
 
 I. MALAYENSis, Griff, l.c. 457, t. 576, f. 2. From the imperfect descnption this is 
 probably one of the forms of /. Balsainina. — Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 I. ? From Eamgunga in Kumaon, alt. 7200 ft., Strach. & Went. — Resembles /. Icun- 
 ff^ora, Edgew., but has very broad green sepals. 
 
 I. ? Baltal in Kashmir, T. Thomson; and Marri, Fleming. — Probably a form of 
 /. amphorata or /. hicornuta. 
 
 1. ? Marri, Meming. — Probably a form of laxijlora, but the leaves are sharply ser- 
 rate and buds larger. 
 
 I. ? Khagump, Griffith (? Khagumpa in Bhotan). — A suffruticose species with the 
 habit of /. Icevigata, but llowors twice as large, and the very large standard herbaceous 
 and crested ; wings app.iicntly rounded ; lip large, deeply boat-shaped ; spur stout, 
 clubbed at the tip. 
 
 i). HYDROCEXIA, Blume. 
 
 A glabrous erect iiiiirsh herb. Leaves narrow, alternate. Flowers in 
 short axillary l-2-llo\vered peduncles, irregular. Sepcds 5, coloured, im- 
 bricate; 2 outer lateral, flat; posticous one produced into a short liolluw 
 spur. Petals 5, the anticous oilter, very large, concave. Bisk-glands 0. 
 ISiamens 5, filaments short fiat ; anthers slightly cohering around the pistil. 
 Ovary 5-celled ; stigmas 5 sessile ; ovules 2-3 in each cell. Drupe baccate, 
 stone bony truncate 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds curved, corrugated, 
 albumen ; cotyledons plano-convex, thickish, radicle short superior. — 
 DiSTRiB. One tropical Asiatic species. 
 
 1. K. ti^iflora, . TT. (^ A. Prodn i. 140; H. f. dh T. in Jonrv. Linn. 
 iSoc.iv lott. H. ani^ustifolia^ Blavie Lijd. 2i\. Impatiens trifiora, Zz///^. 
 nC. Prodr. i'687 ; Wall Cat. 4756. I. ? 'natans, Willd. ; DC Frodr. 1. 687 ; 
 Boxb. Fl. I/id. i. 652; Wall. Cat. 4755. Tytonia natans, G. Don, Gen. 
 Si/st. i. 749 ; Bitrrn. Fl. Zeyl. t. 16 {inaccurate). 
 
 Throughout Bengat>,, the Eastern and Western Peninsula, Cevlon and Bikma, in 
 marshes. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 Annual. Stem, floating, fistular, flexuous, rooting at the nodes, often many yards 
 long; branches 1-2 ft., erect, 5-angled, as thick as the finger. Leaves J -5 in., linear- 
 lanceolate, serrate, sessile ; stipular glands 2. Peduncles short, usually 3-flowered ; 
 bracts oblong. Flowers 1 in. diiim., variegated red, white, and. yellow. Drupe sub- 
 globose, as large as a cherry, smooth, red, succulent. 
 
 112 
 
484 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Order XXXIII. RUTACE-ffi. (By J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, abounding in pellucid glands filled with 
 essential oil (except Feganum). Leaves opposite or alternate, simple or 
 compound, exstipulate. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles, 
 (racemed in Dictamnus)^ never spiked, usually bisexual and regular in the 
 li}dian species (except Dictamniis). Calijx of 4-5 small lobes or sepals. 
 Petals 4-5, hypogynous (in the Indian genera), valvate or imbricate. Stamens 
 4-5 or 8 or 10, rarely more {CUnis, ^Egh), or 6 {Boenninghausenia), fila- 
 ments usually free, hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled, opening inwards. Di-^k 
 ■within the stamens, crenate or lobed, sometimes large or long. Ovary of 4-5 
 free or connate carpels ; styles as many, free or variously united, stigmas 
 terminal, entire or lobed ; ovules usually 2 in each cell. Fruit a capsule, 
 berry or drujie, or of 1-4 capsular cocci. Seeds usually solitary in the 
 cells, testa various, albumen fieshyorO ; embrj'o straight or curved, radicle 
 superior. — Distrib. Tropical and extratropical plants ; many are S. African 
 and Australian. Genera b3, and about (j5() species. 
 
 Tbibe I. KutesD. Herbs; rarely shrubby. Flowers hermaphrodite. 
 JjiA' thick. Ovary deeply 3-5-lobed ; styles basilar or ventral, free or 
 united ; cells 3- or more ovuled. Fruit capsular. Albumen fleshy ; embryo 
 usually curved. 
 
 * Flowers regular. 
 
 Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Ovary sessile 1. Wvta. 
 
 Petals 4. Stamens 6-8. Ovary pedicelled _'. ]><KNNiNr.iiALSEX!A. 
 
 Petals 4-5. Stamens 12-15 I'eganum. 
 
 ** Flowers irregular. 
 
 4. DiCTAMNUH. 
 
 Tribe IT. Zanthoxyleee. Shrubs or trees. Flowers usually polyga- 
 mous. ]Ji!<k free, rarely 0. Ovary deeply 2-5-lobed ; styles basilar or 
 ventral, more or less free ; cells 2-ovuled. Fmiit-carpels cai).sular. 
 
 Leaves opposite. Stamens 4-5 5. Evodia. 
 
 Leaves opposite. Stamens 4, with 4 stamiuoiles opposite 
 
 the petals 6. TETRAcxoMrA. 
 
 Leaves opposite. Stamens 8 7. MKi.rccu'E. 
 
 Leaves alternate. Stamens 3-5 8. Zamhoxvlum. 
 
 Tribe III. Toddalieee. Shrubs or trees. i'yr/Zf;^^?-6' usually polygamous. 
 J)iA' free. Ovary entire ; style single ; cells 1-2-ovuied. Fruit syncarpous. 
 Seed albuminous ; cotyledons usually flat. 
 
 Stem usually prickly. Leaves compound. Petals and 
 
 stamens 2-5 each 9. Toddalia. 
 
 Stem unarmed. Leaves 1-3-foliolate. Petals 4. Stamens 8 lo. A« jmnychia. 
 Stem unarmed. Leaves simple. Petals and stamens 4-5 each H. S&immia. 
 
 Tribe IV. Aurantieee. Shnibs or trees. Flowers hermaphrodite. Pet(ds 
 and stamens free or connate. Cvar^/ entire ; style simple; cells 1-Qo -ovuled. 
 Ber^^y usually pulpy. Seed exalbuminous. 
 
 * Ovules solitary or twin in each cell. 
 
 Style very sh/%t, persistent . 12. Glvcosmih. 
 
XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 485 
 
 Unaraaed. Leaves pinnate. Style jointed on the top of the » 
 
 ovary, deciduous. 
 Petals vaivate. Filaments linear-subulate. Cotyledons leafy, 
 
 crumpled > 13. Micromelu.m. 
 
 Petals imbricate. Filaments linear-subulate. Cotyledons 
 
 fleshy, plano-convex 14. Murraya. 
 
 Petals imbricate. Filaments dilated below. Cotyledons 
 
 fleshy, plano-convex 15. Clausena. 
 
 Armed (except some species of Limonia). Leaves 3-8-foliolate. 
 
 Calyx 3-lobed. Stamens 6 IG. Triphasia. 
 
 Calyx 4-5-lobed. Stamens 8 or 10 17. Limonia. 
 
 Calyx cupular. Stamens 8 or 10 16. Luvunoa. 
 
 Unarmed or armed. Leaves 1-foliolate. 
 
 Anthers linear-oblonc:. Disk elongate .19. Paramignya. 
 
 Anthers ovate or cordate. Disk cupular 20. Atalantia. 
 
 ** Ovules many m each cell. 
 
 Stamens 20-60. Ovary Go-celled. Leaves 1-foliolate . .21. Citrus. 
 Stamens 10-12. Ovary incompletely 5-6-celled. Leaves 
 
 pinnate 22. Feronia. 
 
 Stamens 30-60. Ovary 8- co -celled. Leaves 3-foliolate . 23. ^GhE. 
 
 1. RVTA, Linn. 
 
 Strong-smelling herbs, sometimes shrubby below. Leaves alternate, 
 simple or compound. Flowers in terminal corymbs, cymes, or panicles, 
 greenish or yellow. Calyx short, 4-5-partite or -lobed, persistent. 
 Petals 4-5, concave, often toothed or ciliate, imbricate. . Stamens 8-1 0, 
 inserted round the base of a thick 8-10-glandular or pitted disk, the 
 alternate shorter. Ovary 3-5-lobed and -celled ; style central, basilar ; 
 ovules pendulous from the axis of the cells. Capsule 4-5-lobed, lobes 
 indehiscent, or dehiscing at the apex. Seeds angled, testa pitted, albumen 
 fleshy ; embryo slightly curved, cotyledons sometimes 2-partite, — Distrib. 
 About 40 species, chiefly Mediterranean and W. Asiatic. 
 
 SuBGEN, 1. Ruta proper. Flowers 4-merous. Petals usually toothed or 
 laciniate. Filaments glabrous. Ovules many. Leaves pinnate or de- 
 compound. 
 
 R. GEAVEOLENS, Linn.; var. angustifolia ; leaves petioled triangular- 
 ovate decompound, segments various, corymbs spreading, bracts lanceolate, 
 sepals triangular acute, petals ciliate, capsule obtuse shortly pedicelled. 
 R. angustifolia, Pars. ; W. <& A. Prodr. 146. R. chalepensis, WaLl. 
 C<d. 7ii;3. 
 
 Cultivated in Iniha. — Distrib. Westward to the Canaries. 
 
 One or more forms of the common Rue are cultivated in India, and hence introduced 
 into Botanical works. Wallich says of the plant described as R. angustifolia, Pars., by 
 W. & A., that it is from a Mr. Stevenson's garden at Tranquebar. 
 
 SuBGEN. 2. Kaploptylluzn. Flowers 5-meT0Ti&. Petals quitt enthe. 
 Filaments pilose. Ovules few or many. Leaves simple or 3-sect. 
 
 1. B.. tuberculata, Forsk. ; stem erect or ascending glabrous, branchlets 
 and inflorescence puberulous and glandular, leaves oblong linear-oblong or 
 somewhat spathulate pubescent. Boiss. Flor. Orient, i. 939. 
 
 Boogta hills in Sindh, Vicary. — Distrib. Westward to Egypt and Algeria. 
 
 Sttm terete, woody, branched, minutely glandular. Leaves pattered, J^-1 in,, 
 
4S6 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ruta. 
 
 ♦oriacenns, pnstnlar and pubescent, nerveless. Cymes dichotomously branched, divi- 
 sions pnbescent and glandular. Flov:erf( \ in. /diani., the centre one of each cyniule 
 sessile, the others shortly pedicelled. Sepals very short broad, obtuse. Petals fimbri- 
 ate. — Tlie specimens are not in a goQ<! state, but I believe them to be referable to this 
 species. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 RuTA (Haplophyllum), sp., Aitchison{Cat. Punjab and SindhPl. 30) from Pesliawur 
 {/Stewart) is undeterminable. 
 
 r 
 
 2. BCENNINGKAUSBNIA, Reichb. 
 
 A perennial-rooted herb. Leaves alternate, 2-pinnate, leaflets quite 
 entire. Flowers in compound terminal leafy pauiclecl cymes, white, pedicels 
 slender. Calyx 4-5-lobed, persistent. Petals 4-5, obovate-oblong, imbricate. 
 ^<tamens 6-8, inserted at the base of an urceolate disk, filaments filiform, the 
 alternate shorter ; anthers oblong. Orar// long-stipitate,3-5-lobed, narrowed 
 beh)w, lobes 1-celled distant ; styles 3-5, ventral, connate, stigma simnle ; 
 ovules 6-8 in each cell, pendulous from the middle of the axis. J^ruit 
 of 6-8 free membranous ventrally dehiscing few-seeded carpels. Seeds 
 reniform, testa black granulate, albumen fleshy ; embryo arcuate. 
 
 1. B. albiflora, Reich, dmspect. 197. Ruta albiflora, Hook. Exot. Flor. 
 t. 79 ; Wall. Cat. 1203. R. japonica, !Suh. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Marri to Sikkira, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 
 4-0000 ft.— DisTKin. Japan. 
 
 A slender erect branching perennial-rooted herb, 1-2 ft,, glabrous or somewhat 
 pubescent. Leaves 2-3 pinnate ; petiole slender; leaflets ^-J in., obovate or obcor- 
 date, glaucous beneath, membranous, th*- terminal largest, petioled. Cymes leafy, maiiy- 
 fiowcred. Flowers \-\ in. diam., inclined or nodding, pure white. Calyx very small. 
 Petals oblong, obtuse. Pedicel of ovary variable in length. Fruit \-^ in. diam. 
 
 » 
 
 3. PEGANUM, Linn. 
 
 Branching glabrous or pubescent perennial-rooted herbs. Lmves 
 alternate, entire or multifid, not glandular ; stipules setaceous. Flowet^s 
 solitary, in subterminal leaf-opposed peduncles, white. Sepals 4-5, often 
 foliaceous and pinnatifid, persistent. Petals 4-5, subequal, imbricate. 
 Stamens 12-15, inserted at the base of the disk, some anther-less ; filaments 
 dilated below ; anthers linear. Ovftrif globose, deeply 2-3-lobed ; styles 
 basal, twisted, 2s-3-keeled above, the keels stigmatose; ovules many in each 
 cell, inserted in the inner angle. Fruit globo.se, 3-4-celled, dry and 
 3-valved or fleshy and indehiscent, cells many-seeded. Seeds angled, testa 
 si>ongy, rough, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved. — Distkib. Species 4, natives 
 of the Mediterranean, W. Asia, and Mexico. 
 
 This genus is perhaps better placed in Zygophyllece. 
 
 1. P. Harmala, TAnn.; glabrous, stem dichotomously and corymbosely 
 branched, leaves multifid, segments linear acute, petals elliptic-oblong, fruit 
 capsular. Wall. Cat. 1204; Boiss. FL Orient, i. 917 ; W. d: A.Prodr. 146; 
 J)ah. d' Gibs. Bcmih. Fl. 45. 
 
 North- West India, from Sixinr, the Panjab, and the Kashmir plain to Delhi and 
 Agra; the Western Dbccan. — Distrib. Soongaria, Arabia, N. Africa, and westward 
 to Hungary and Spain. 
 
 A bush, 1-3 ft. high, much branched and densely foliiiged. Stem stout, flexuous. 
 
Peganum.'] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 487 
 
 Leaves ^-3 in., gi'een, pinnatifidly cut into linear very narrow acute spreading lobes. 
 Flowers \-\ in. diani., solitary in the axils of the branches, sessile or pedicelled. 
 Culyxlohes very narrow, much exceeding the corolla, per.sistent. Capsule globose, 
 i^ in. diam., and less. 
 
 4. DICTABINUS, Linn. 
 
 A strong-smelling herb, shrubby below, clothed with pustular glands. 
 Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite, ovate or ovate- 
 lanceolate, serrulate. Flowers large, white or rose-Qoloured, in terminal 
 racemes, pedicels bracteate. Calyx 5-partite, deciduous. /*e^a/s 5, 4 upper 
 in pairs ascending, lower declinate. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of a 
 thick annular disk, filaments long slender somewhat thickened and very 
 glandular below the slender tip ; anthers subglobose. Ovary shortly 
 stipitate, deeply 5 lobed, S-celled, hispid ; style filiform, declinate, stigma 
 terminal ; ovules 3-4 in each cell, inserted on the ventral suture. Fruit of 
 5 compressed broad truncate long-beaked elastically 2-valved 2-3-seeded 
 hispid carftels; endocarp horny, separable. Seeds subglobose, testa thin 
 black shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons thick, radicle short. 
 
 1. Z>. albus, Linn. D. Fraxinella, Pers. ; DO. Prodr. i. 712 ; Boiss. Fl. 
 Orient, i, 920. D. himalayanus, Royle Lll. 156, t. 29. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kunawur (and according to 
 Koyle, Junnotie in Garwhal), alt. 6-8000 ft. — Distkib. Japan, Siberia, Dahuria, and 
 westward to France and Spain. 
 
 Stem stout but not woody, branched. Leaves 1 ft. and upwards ; petiole very stout, 
 angular, margined; leaflets 2-3^ in., sessile, dark green, base wedge-shaped, nerves 
 slender. Racemes 1 ft. and upwards, stout, strict, erect. Flowers 1^ in. Img, erect ; 
 pedicels 1-3 in., glandular, bracteate at the base and bracteolate usually above the 
 middle. Sepals small, lanceolate. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, glandular on the back. 
 Stamens equalling the petals. Capsule 1 in. diam. 
 
 5. EVODIA, Forst. ^J, 
 
 Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Leaves opposite, simple or 1-3-foliolate or 
 imparipinnate, quite entire. ' Flowers small, in panicled axillary cymes, 
 unisexual. Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Petals 4-5, sessile, valvate or slightly 
 imbricate. Stamens 4-5, inserted at the base of the disk, filaments subulate ; 
 anthers oblong. Ovary deejdy 4-lobed, 4-celled ; style basilar, stigma 
 4-lobed, ovules 2 in each cell, collateral or superposed. Fruit of 4 coriaceous 
 3-valved 1-seeded cocci, endocarp horny elastically separable 2-lobed. 
 Seeds oblong, testa bony or crustaceous shining, hilum linear, albumen 
 fleshy ; embryo straight, cotyledons ovate. — Distrtb. About 22 species, 
 natives of tropical Asia, the Pacific, the E, African Islands, and Australia. 
 
 * Leaves ^-foliolate. 
 
 1. E. Roxburghiana, Benth. Fl. Hongh. 59 ; leaves quite glabrous 
 throughout, cymes very broad bracteate finely pubescent, flowers densely 
 crowded, filaments glabrous, ovary densely pubescent. E. triphylla, Bedd. 
 Flor. Sylvat ; Anal. Gen. xli. t. vi. f. 2. E. Marambong, Miquel Ann. Mus. 
 Bot. iii. 244. ' Fagara triphylla, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 416 (? of Linn). 
 F. Lunur-ankenda, Gmrtn. Carjx i. 334, t. 68, f. 9. Xanthoxylon triphylluni, 
 M^ight Ic. t. 204; ///. i. 169; Grali. Cat. Bomb. PI. 36; Lalz. d' Gibs. 
 Bomb. Flor. 45. X. Koxburghianum, Cham, in Linnoia v. 68. X. zey- 
 lanicum, DC. Prodr. i, 728. X. nilagiricum, Miquel Herb. Uolmmck. 
 
488 xxxiii. RUTACE.E. (J. D. Hooker.) \Ecodia. 
 
 X. Marambong, Miq. Fl. hid. Bed. SuppL 533. Schmidelia integerrima, 
 Wall. Cat. 8065. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., H. f. & T. Throughout the Mountains of the Western 
 Peninsula ; in the Eastern Peninsula, from Tenasserim to Malaya and Penang, &c., 
 Ceylon. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java. 
 
 A small tree with soft wood ; branches opposite. Leaves usually large, spreading ; 
 petiole 2-5 in. terete; leaflets 2-5 in., very shortly petioled, obovate, oblong or oblanceo- 
 late, tip rounded or acuminate or apiculate, nerves almost horizontal very slender not at 
 all prominent, costa perfectly glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes very variable, length 
 and breadth of peduncle, more or less finely pubescent ; branches opposite and alter- 
 nate, bracts minute. Flowers usually densely crowded, Vu-g ^^- diam., yellow-green, 
 very shortly pedicelled. Calyx minute. Pttah slightly imbricate. Capsules usually 
 2, about the size of a pepper-corn, coriaceous, rugose. Seed splendent, blue-black. 
 
 There is some doubt as to the name which this species should bear, consequent upon 
 the obscurity of Eoodia triphylla, IX^),, founded on the Philippine I^lands Fagara 
 triphylla of Lamk. {Fvodia Lamarckiana, Benth. Flor. Hongk. 59). Lamarck (Diet. 
 ii. 447) identifies his Philippine Isld. plant with Riimph's Ampacus amjustifoUus 
 (Herb. Arab. ii. 88, t, 62), with which also Bentham's Hongkong specimens agree. 
 Roxburgh, on the other hand, identifies a Penang plant, cultivated in the Calcutta 
 Gardens, with Ruraph's Ampacus avgustifolius, and describes its capsules as the size 
 of a field-bean. 1 nis character of capsule does not agree with any Indian species 
 known to me. Roxburgh's characters agree in all but this, with a common Malay 
 plant. As Wight refers an identical Nilghiri plant to Roxburgh's, I have preferred to 
 retain for it the name Boxhurghiana, given to it by Chamisso, to distinguish it from the 
 true triiAyVa of Lamarck, which has very small few-flowered cymes and smaller cap- 
 sules. Bentham (I.e.) observes that Lamarck's plant is a native of India, and quotes 
 Wight's Icones ; but this is a mistake, for Wight's figure represents a poor specimen of 
 this, which is a common Nilghiri plant. Wight gives Jussieu as the authority for 
 X. trijihylium, both in his " Icones" and "Illustrations;" but this is an error. Wal- 
 lich's /Schmidelia integerrima is clearly a very large-leaved form from Penang ; it has 
 neither flower nor fruit; the terminal leaflet is 12 by 5 in. 
 
 2. S. triphylla, DC. Prodr. i. 724 ; leaves quite glabrous, nerves 
 slender, cymes small hardly bracteate, branches and pedicels very slender 
 finely pubescent, filaments glabrous, ovary hairy. E. Lanmrckiana, Benth. 
 Fl. Hongk. 59. E. gracilis, Kurz in Jo urn. As. !Soc. Beng. 1»71, ii. 48. 
 Fagara trijdjylla, Lavik. Diet. ii. 447. Xanthoxylum Lamarckianum, Cluini. 
 in Linncta v. 58. X. pteleaefolium, Champ, in Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 330. 
 Lepta triphylla, Lour. Fl. Cochtn. 82. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Moolmein, alt. 6000 ft.. Parish; north of Moulmein, Heifer; Birma, 
 Brandis. — Distkib. Philippine Islds., Japan, China, Borneo. 
 
 This, though a very distinct-looking plant from E. lioxhurghiana, is not easily cha- 
 racterized, except by comparison. It is smaller, more slender, with shortly- peduncled 
 cvraes, 1-3 in. long, hairy, more slender branches and pedicels, the flowers are smaller 
 and paler, and the capsules much smaller, about \ in. diam. The Tenasserim speci- 
 mens^ have elliptic-lanceolate leaves, but in other countries they vary from obovate to 
 elliptic-lanceolate. As in E. JRoxhurghiana the costa above is perfectly glabrous. 
 
 3. E. robusta, Hook.f. ; leaflets elliptic obtuse or obtusely-acuminate 
 shining, nerves very prominent beneath, costa glabrous above puberulous 
 beneath, cymes broad brachiate their branches very robust. 
 
 Penang, P/t ///?)>« ; Sincapoue, Maivgay (278 Kew Distrib). 
 
 A much mure robust plant than E. triphylla. Branchlets compressed, as thick as a 
 swan's quill, hoary. Petiole 4 in., terete, as thick as a ciow-quill; leaflets 6-8 in., 
 lenninal subobovate, lateral elliptic, coriaceous, midrib and arching nerves very strong 
 indeed. Cymes 5 in. diam. and upwards. Flowers and fruit as in Hoxburghiana, of 
 which this may be a variety ; but it differs remarkably from the Sincapore and Malacca 
 
Ecodia.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 489 
 
 specimens of that plant, and is the only trifoliolate species known to me with shining 
 upper surfaces to the leaves. — This differs from Miquel's description of the Sumatran 
 Zanthoxylon Eunturon (Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 532) in its glabrous capsules, in the 
 leaves not pale and silvery beneath, and in the fruiting cyme not being pyramidal. 
 
 4. E. latifolla, DC. Prodr. i. 724; branchlets petioles leaves beneath 
 and midrib above tomentose, leaflets large, nerves strong, cymes pubescent 
 and brachiate or pyramidal, capsules glabrous, Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. 
 pt. 2, 672; Ann. Mm. Bot. iii. 244. Zantlioxylum Rumphianum, Cham, 
 in Linnwa v. 58. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith; {Kew Distrib. 1176) ; Maingay {Kew Distrih. 111). — Distrib. 
 Malayan Archipelago. 
 
 BrancldeU as thick as the little finger, obtusely 4-angled. Petiole 4r-6 in., as thick 
 as a goosequill or less; leaflets 6-10 in, broad, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous 
 above exer^^pt the costa, finely pubescent beneath. Cymes more pyramidal than in 
 /. Boxhurghiana ; flowers and capsules quite the same. 
 
 Vak. ? branches more slender, leaves more membranous puberulous on the costa 
 ^bove and nerves beneath only not on either surface. — Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 This resembles Miquel's description and plate of E. accedens (Ann. Miis. Bot. iii. 242, 
 t. 6), except in the much smaller flowers, which wholly resemble those of E. kitifolia. 
 
 5. S. g>labra, Blume Bijd. 245 ; glabrous, leaflets large 5-7 in. dark 
 green above paler beneath with very strong nerves, cymes large brachiate 
 glabrous. Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, o72 ; Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 243. 
 
 Penang, Phillips. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 This closely resembles ^. robusta, but the leaflets are not shining above, are of a 
 dark green colour when dry, and are sometimes suddenly acuminate. My specimens, 
 which arc in 6 flower only, have branchlets as thick as the little finger and pyramidal 
 bracteate densely-flowered cymes ; they precisely resemble a flowerless specimen of E. 
 glabra from the Leyden Herbarium, which is, I presume, authentic, though the leaflets 
 are abruptly acuminate, which ia contrary to Miquel's description. 
 
 ** Leaves 1- rarely 3-foliolate. 
 
 6. E. viticina, Wall. Cat. 1219 ; quite glabrous, leaves 1-3-foliolate, 
 petiole acutely margined, leaflets lanceolate acuminate, cymes small usually 
 shorter than the petiole few-flowered. Kicrz in Journ. As. ISoc. Beng. 1873, 
 ii. 64. 
 
 Tenasserim ; at Tavoy, Gomez, Heifer. 
 
 Branches slender, alternate, 2-edged, and whole plant dull green when dried. Petiole 
 4-1 4 in., with 2 acute edges bounding a median groove in front; leaflets Ig-^g in., pale 
 beneath ; nerves very slender, horizontal. Cymes 6-10-flowered, erect, almost glabrous ; 
 peduncle glabrous, angled. Flowers minute, fascicled, 4-merous ; pedicel very short, 
 slender. Fruit ^ in. diam., of 4 nearly smooth rather compressed carpels. 
 
 7. E. pedunculosa, Hook. f. ; leaves 1-foliolate, petiole ^-cylindric, 
 leaflet obovate abruptly narrowed at the obtuse point quite glabrous, cymes 
 trichotomous pubescent terminating long slender peduncles. 
 
 Singapore, Lobb. 
 
 I have seen but one specimen of this very distinct plant. Branches smooth, cylin- 
 dric, glabrous. Leaves 4-5 in. ; petiole rather stout, ^-1 in., edges acute, not thickened 
 at the top ; leaflet coriaceous, quite entire, cuneate at the base, copiously minutely punc- 
 tate, costa stout, nerves many slender spreading. Peduncles in opposite axils, stout, 
 1-4 in., pubescent towards the top where they branch into small trichotomous pubes- 
 cent cymes. Flowers (<5 buds only) .shortly pedicelled, bracts minute, buds -^^ in. 
 diam. Sepals rounded, acute. Petals broad-ovate, acute, valvate, glabrous. Stamens 
 4, filaments short ; anthers broad, acute. Bisk tumid. Ovaries 4, imperfect, immersed 
 in the disk. 
 
490 XXXIII. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Evodia. 
 
 *** Leaves pinnate. 
 
 8. E. fraxinlfolia, Ilool-.f. ; leaves quite glabrous throughout, leaflets 
 3-5-pairs, cymes broad brachiate pubescent, brandies st(»ut, flowers 
 4-5-merous, fruit glabrous. Tetradium trichotomum, Lour. Fl. Cock. 91 ; 
 DC. Prodr. ii. 88. Ehus fraxinifoliuni, Don Prodr. -248. Philasoniafraxini- 
 folia, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 710 ; Wall. Cat. 8521 ? P. sarabuciua, Blame Bijd. 250. 
 P. procera, DC. Prodr. ii. 90. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya from Nipal to Sikkira, alt. 4-7000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 
 3-5000 ft.— DisTRiB. Java? Cochinchina. 
 
 A Kniall much branched densely leafy tree, smelling strongly of Caraway when 
 braised. BranchleU thick, terete. Leaves 8-12 in., spreading, bright green ; petiole 
 cylindric; leaflets 4-9 in., shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 
 straight or falcate, quite entire or crenulate, base rounded often oblique, nerves spread- 
 ing, slender, terminal leaflet often long- petioled. Ct/mes on short stout compressed pe- 
 duncles, axillary and terminal, clothed with fine close-set pubescence ; bracts minute. 
 Flowers shortly pedicelled, white, 6 nearly ^ in. diam. Sepals small,- obtuse. Petals 
 imbricate, pubescent within. Stamens exceeding the petals, filaments somewhat hairy; 
 anthers broad. Ovari/ glabrous; style short, stigma capitate. Fruit 4 in. diam., red; 
 carpels not separating to the base, very coriaceous. tSt^ed broadly elliptic, slightlv 
 compressed ; testa dark brown, shining. — I can hardly doubt this being the Phila(]nma 
 sambucbia of IMume (P. procera, DC, published in the same year) ; but having seen no 
 Java specimen I retain the name of fraxiiiifolia. It is the plant alluded to under 
 Fvodia in the " Genera Plantarura" as F. Jioxhurghiana. 
 
 9. S. meliaefolla, Benth. Fl. Ifonqk. 58; petioles pilose, leaflets 
 3-5 pairs glabrous, cymes broad brachiate pilose-pubescent, branches 
 very slender, flowers 4-5-meruus. E. glauca, Mi(ji. Ann. Mm. Bot. iii. 23. 
 Boyniia glabrifolia. Champ, in. Hook. luw Joiini. Bot. iii. 330. Megabotrya 
 nieliaefolia, Han<x in Walp. Ann. il 259. 
 
 Ai^XM, Masters {in Herh. Griffith). 
 
 A much more slender plant tban E. fraxinifolia, with spreading soft hairs on the 
 rachis of the leaf and on the more slenler partial petioles, very slender spreading 
 branches of the cyme, which is 8 inches broad, fewer sparser flowers, the S \ in. diam., 
 shorter more slender filaments, and more oblona; anthers. The leaflets are 3-4 in., 
 more oblique at the base, and usually more acuiuinate. 
 
 10. E. rutSBcarpa, Hook./, d- Thorm. Herb. Ind. Or. ; clothed through- 
 out with soft velvety pubescence, cymes brachiate, branches very stout, 
 fruit pustular. Boymia ruttecarpa, J ass. according to Sieb. d' Zucc. Fl. 
 Japon. i. 50, t. 21. 
 
 Inner valleys of the Temperate region of the Sikkim Hlmalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., 
 /./>.Zr.—lJisTRiB. Japan. 
 
 A small densely-foliaged green tree, inodorous. Leave* 1-1 1 ft.; petiole terete, 
 stout ; leaflets about 5 pair, subsessile, oblong-acute, usually rounded and oblique at the 
 base, margin quite entire, under surface woolly, nerves faint. Cymes 3-4 in. diam., 
 terminal ; peduncles very short stout and as well as the pedicels and calyx tomentose. 
 Floicer about ^ in. (Hum. Petals nearly glabrous externally, pubescent within. Stamens 
 not much exceeding the petals, filaments hairy ; anthers very large, ovate, 2-lobed at 
 the base. Fruit 4 in diam. ; carpels 4, opening at the apex. 
 
 6. TETRACTOMXA, Hook. f. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled, 1-foliolate, coriaceous, quite 
 entire, punctate. Flowers small, in axillary branched cymes. Calyx 
 small, 4-partite. Petals 4, triangular-ovate, acute, persistent, valvate. 
 
Tetractomia.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 491 
 
 Disk broad, glandular, flattish or pulvinate, obtusely 4-angled. Sfamens 8, 
 4 perfect alternate with the petals, 4 smaller with imperfect anthers (or 0) 
 opposite the petals and partially adnate to them at the base ; filaments 
 subulate, flattened at the base; anthers 2-lobed, dorsifixed. Ovar// 
 immersed in the centre of the disk, 4-celled, with 4 free projecting lobes ; 
 styles 4, free at the base, connate above, stigma capitate obscurely 4-lobed ; 
 ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Fruit of 4 coriaceous laterally compressed 
 oblong 2-seeded carpels, splitting ventrally, the horny endocarp partially 
 separating. iSeeds inserted towards the base of the carpels (nucleus small 
 with a large oblong obtuse membranous wing, embryo unknown). — Distrib. 
 Three species, natives of the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo. 
 
 A very singular genus, which I find in no Indian Herbarium but Maingay's, who 
 gathered both species in 1867-8, and describes H. majus in his Mss, as a Diosmea, 
 no doubt because of the starainodes, and the leaves as alternate, in which he is cer- 
 tainly mistaken. One of these two is, however, the Melicope tetrandra of Roxburgh, 
 from Penang. It is nearly allied to Euodia, differing in the staminodes, valvate petals 
 and seeds. A third species {H. Beccarii, Hook, f.) from Borneo was discovered by Dr. 
 Beccari at Sarawak (No. 1880), it has obovate leaves and small trichotomous glabrous 
 cymes. I have described the seeds as I foimd them in H. majus (which are imper- 
 fect), but Roxburgh describes them in his Melicope tetrandra as oblong and immersed 
 in a yellow fleshy aril. I have no seeds of this species, but the structure of the capsule 
 is precisely as in H. majus, 
 
 1. T. majus, Hook. f. ; leaflets 8 in. obovate rounded at the tip, cymes 
 glabrous or nearly so. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay {Kew clistrib. 290). 
 
 A tree ; branchlets stout, woody, as thick as the finger, covered with rough brown 
 bark. Leaves apparently crowded on the branchlets ; petiole 2-2^ in., stout, terete, 
 slightly swollen at the base and apex ; leaflets very coriaceous, quite entire, narrowed 
 at the base, pale when dry with obscure darker spots, nerves numerous slender spread- 
 ing, smooth above, beneath with minute prominent gland-dots crowned with micros- 
 copic hairs ; nervules reticulate, obscure, most visible on the upper surface [Maingay). 
 Cymes 4-6 in. diam., opposite, glabrous or minutely pubescent, branches stout spread- 
 ing alternate, branchlets opposite; bracts minute, persistent. Flowers \ in. diam., 
 pedicel led, ebracteolate, glabrous. Filaments exceeding the petals and style. liiTpe 
 carpels unequally J in. long, obtusely keeled at the back. Seeds nearly as long as 
 the carpel ; nucleus basal, oblique, very much smaller than the oblong wing. 
 
 2. T. Roxburg-hii, Hook. f. ; leaflets 3-5 in. elliptic or cuneate-obovate 
 obtusely acuminate, cymes pubescent. Melicope tetrandra, Roxh. Fl. 
 hid. ii. 257. 
 
 Penang, Roxh. ; Singapore, Maingay {Kew distrih. 278, 2). 
 
 Differs, from H. majus conspicuously in size, the branchlets not being thicker than a 
 goose-quill, and the flowers \ in. diam., and ripe carpels \ in. long. In texture and 
 nervation the leaflets are identical ; the cymes of this are laxly clothed with a furfura- 
 ceous pubescence. 
 
 7. MBZiXCOFE, Forst. 
 
 Shrubs. Leaves opposite (in the Indian species) 1-3-foliolate, pellucid- 
 punctate. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or panicles. Calyx 4-l{)bed or 
 4-partite. Petals 4, sessile, spreading, valvate or imbricate. Disk large, 
 entire or 8-lobed or obsolete. Stamens 8, inserted at the base of the disk, 
 those opposite the petals shorter, filaments subulate or flattened ; anthers 
 oblong or cordate. Ovary 4-celled, deeply 4-lobed ; style basilar or styles 4, 
 subterminal, more or less combined, stigma capitate 4-lobed; ovules 2 in each 
 
493 XXXIII. RUTACEJE. (J. B. Hooker.) [Mclicope. 
 
 cell, collateral or superposed. Fruit of 4 free spreading coriaceous carpels 
 dehiscing on the inner face ; endocarp more or less separating. ^'Seeds 
 oblong, funicle sometimes elongate, testa black brittle shining, albumen 
 fleshy and oily ; embryo with large oblong cotyledons and a short superior 
 radicle. — Distkib, Chiefly Polynesian ; species about 15. 
 
 1. M. indica, Wight Ic. t. 1051; glabrous, leaves 1-foliolate, leaflets 
 elliptic or obovate acute, flowers 3-5 terminating long slender decurved 
 peduncles. Bedd. Flor. 6ylvat. Anal. Gen. xl. t. vi. f. i. 
 
 NiLGHini Mrs., in woods near the Avalanches, Wujkt, Gardner. 
 
 A shrub or small tree ; branches slender. Leaven glabrous ; petiole 4-14 in-) terete ; 
 leaflet 3-4 in,, glabrous, shining, narrowed towards the base, nerves very slender. 
 Peduncles 2-4 in., slender, often 3-flowered. Flowers ^ in. diani., on short stout pubes- 
 cent pedicels. Calyx divided nearly to the base into 4 orbicular coriaceous obtuse lobes. 
 Pttah valvate, ovate, acute, glabrous, thick, longer than the stamens. Disk obsolete. 
 (hmrv-lohes villous, fi-ee at the apex ; styles free below ; ovules subcollateraL liipe 
 carpels 4, ^ in. long, turgid, apiculate, 1-seeded, veined. Seed oblong. 
 
 2. m. ? Kelferl, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves 1-foliolate, petiole 
 short stout, leaflet obovate-lanceolate obtuse, panicle rather longer than th.e 
 petiole few-flowered, petals valvate. 
 
 Tenasserim or Andaman Isld.s., Heifer. 
 
 Dioecious ? Branches rather stout, bark wrinkled ; whole plant yellowish when dried. 
 Petiole \-\ in., not acutely margined; leaflet 4-8 in., membranous, nerves horizontal, 
 very slender. Cymes 1-3 in., panicled, suberect ; peduncle rather stout, quite glabrous ; 
 branches |-i in,, few. Flowers {i) small, fascicled ; pedicels short, stout. Petals val- 
 vate, longer than the stamens. Dish 8-lobcd. Fruit not seen, 
 
 8. ZAXTTKOXVIiUBK, Linn. 
 
 Shrubs or trees, often armed with stout prickles. Leaves alternate, 
 3-foliolate or unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite or aJteruate, entire or 
 crenate, often oblique, punctate. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal 
 peduncled broad or narrow cymes, white, pink, or greenish, often unisexual. 
 Calyx 3-8-fid, rarely 0. Petals 3-5, rarely 0, imbricate or induplicate- 
 valvate. Disk small or obscure. Stamens 3-5, hypogynous or reduced to 
 scales in the $. Ovary rudimentary in the (^, in the ? of 1-5 oblique 
 1-celled carpels ; styles sublateral, free or connate above, stigma capitate ; 
 ovules 2 in each cell, usually collateral Fruit of 1-5 globose coriaceous or 
 fleshy 1-seeded carpels, dehiscing ventrally, endocarp horny, separating or 
 not. Seed oblong and compressed or globose, often hanging out of the 
 carpel, hilum broad, testa bony or crustaceous blue or black shining, 
 albumen fleshy; embryo axile, straight or curved, cotyledons flat, radicle 
 very .short. — Distrib. About 80 species, all tropical and subtropical. 
 
 Sect. 1. Cymes axillary, or axillary and terminal ; branches alternate. 
 
 * Leaves 3-foliolate^ petiole not winged, Jlowers polyjietalous. 
 
 1. Z. ovalifolium, Wt. III. i. 169; quite glabrous, unarmed or with 
 short straight prickles, leaflets elliptic-oblong or obovate crenulate tip 
 obtuse emarginate. Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Aiud. Gen. xlii. t. vi. f. 3 ; Wall. 
 Cat. 7469. Z. lucidum. Wall. Cat. 1212. Toddalia mitis, Miq. in Herb. 
 Holienack. 466. Limonia leptostachya, Jack according tx> Herb. GriffiOi. 
 
 Westekn Peninsula, in Canara, Kurg and the Nilghiri Mts., and pear Madras; 
 KiiAsiA Mts. ; Assam and Mishmi Mts. ; Singapore, Wallich. 
 
Zanthoxylum.] xxxiii. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 493 
 
 A shrub? Leaflets 3-4 in., coriaceous, subsessile, petioles not armed. Cymes in 
 slender panicles, quite glabrous. Flowers \-^\n. diam,, 4-5-merous. Pelals vaXviWo. 
 B'lpe carpels solitary, the size of a pea, smooth. — Wight makes 2 species of this, which 
 
 1 cannot distinguish except as varieties. The Khasian and Assam specimens have 
 rather loiiger leaves than the Madras ones. 
 
 Var. 1. ovalifdliUm ; unarmed. Z. ovalifolium, Wight, I.e. 
 
 Var. 2. sepiarium; armed with short straight prickles. Z. sepiarium, Wt. 111. 
 i. 169. 
 
 ** Leaves 5-oo- foliolate, petiole winged, Jlowers apetcdous, wood with a 
 broad septate pith. 
 
 2. Z. alatuxn, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 768; leaflets 2-6 pairs lanceolate 
 glabrous beneath, petiole and rachis usually broadly winged, nerves very 
 indistinct, flowers in sparse panicles 2-6 inches long glabrous or pubescent. 
 Wall. Cat. 1209 in part ; Bramlis For. Flor. 47; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Anal. 
 Gen. xlii, Z. hostile, Wail. Cat. 1210, in part. 
 
 Hot valleys of the Subtropical Himalaya, ascending to 6000 ft. from Jamu to 
 Bhotan ; Khasia Mts., alt. 2-3000 ft. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, with dense foliage and pungent aromatic taste and smell ; 
 prickles often vertically flattened on the trunk and branches, the older with a corky 
 base. Leaves 1^-9 in. (in Khasia specimen) ; petiole glabrous, narrowly winged, with 
 
 2 stipular prickles at the base ; leaflets |-4 in., narrow, usually elliptic-lanceolaie, rarely 
 ovate, obtusely acuminate. Panicles loose, sparingly branched. Flowers l-\ in. 
 diam. Calyx 6-8-lobed, lobes subacute. Stamens 6-8. Pipe carpels ^-i in. diam., 
 usually .soHtary, laxly panicled, broadly ovoid, pale red, tubercled. — Young leaflets have 
 often the costa prickly beneath, and usually few lar^e scattered glands. The wood is 
 hard and used for tooth cleaning, and the carpels as a condiment. 
 
 3. Z. acanthopodium, DC. Prodr. ii. 727; branclilets glabrous or 
 tomentose, leaflets 2-6-pairs lanceolate, nerves distinct glabrous or more or 
 less pubescent beneath, petiole and rachis narrowly winged, cymes very short 
 dense ^-1 in. long pubescent. Z. hostile, Wall, Cat. 1210, and Z. alatuui, 
 
 Wall. Cat. 1209, in part. 
 
 Hot valleys of the Subtropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, ascending to 
 7000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 Very similar indeed to Z.alalum, and possibly a variety of that plant, but the leaflets 
 have never the large scattered glands, and are o!ten very pubescent beneath, the nervp.s 
 are much stronger, and the infloiescence is remarkably different, the ripe carpels (^ in. 
 diam.) forming dense sessile and almost globose clusters on the branches below the 
 leaves. — The Z.'planispinum, Sieb. and Zucc, of Japan, is probably another variety, 
 with fewer glabrous leaflets, taint nerves, and glabrous inflorescence ; it is intermediate 
 between this and Z. alatum, to which it is mo.st nearly allied, but wants the larijc 
 glands. Wallich in his catalogue quotes Z. acanthopodium, DC, as, a synonym Of 
 Z. alatum, Roxb., and the ticket is attached to a specimen with very short cymes and 
 crowded points, and with leaves pubescent beneatli. I therefore retain De CandoUe's 
 name for this plant, which is quite distinct from Roxburgh's Z. alatum. 
 
 Var. Timhor ; branches clothed with dense rusty (when dry) toraentum. Z. PTinibor, 
 Wall. Cai. 7116.— Chainpur hills, Hamilton (? Chayanpoor hills in Behar, 40 mik-s 
 S.E. of Benares). 
 
 *** Leaves 5~ cc -foliolate, 2^^tiole not ivinged, Jlowers 2^olypetalom. 
 
 4. Z. tomentellum, Hook. f. ; sparingly prickly, branches petioles 
 and cymes velvety, leaflets alternate 6-8 pairs quite entire velvety beneath, 
 cymes axillary. 
 
 Eastern Subtropical Himalaya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, at Choongtam, alt. 
 5000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
494 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. Di Hooker.) [Ziuithoxyhim. 
 
 A small erect tree, 30 ft., with horizontal branches ; branchlets terete, stout, woo<ly : 
 prickles scattered, short, rectii-ved. Leaves 8-12 in. ; petiole terete, with scattered 
 hooked prickles on the under-side ; leaflets 2-3 in., shortly petioled, oblong or elliptic, 
 subacute or obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, glos^' above, base subequal, nerves dis- 
 tinct. Cymen 2-4 in., sparingly branched, denHely velvety, branches few short and 
 rachis stout ; bracts and bracteoles caducous. i'7oy;er» (9 only seen) small, clustered ; 
 , about I in. diara. JSepaU 4, pubescent. Petals glabrous. Carpds 4, glabrous. 
 Carpels (hardly ripe) ^ in. long, 4, compressed, beaked. 
 
 5. Z. oxyphyllum, Edgeiv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 42; glabrous, 
 prickles hooked, leaflets alternate and opposite 3-10 pairs, young crenate, 
 cymes terminal and axillary quite glabrous or slightly pubescent, flowers 
 large. — Zanthoxylon violaceum, Wall. Cat. 1213. 
 
 Tkmpekate and subtropical Himalaya, from Garwhal, alt. 4-8000 ft., to Sikkim,, 
 alt. 6-9U00 ft., and Bhotan ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft. 
 
 A shrub, clothed with hooked prickles. Leaves very variable in size, 4-12 in. ; 
 petiole arched, usually very prickly along the back ; leaflets in young specimens ovate- 
 lanceolate, very long-acuminate, crenate-serrate, pale, nerves very distinct beneath, in 
 older ones more elliptic or oblong, 2-2.^ in. long in Kumaon specimens, upwards of 4 in. 
 in some Sikkim ones, coriaceous, shining above. (}yiiiej<. muth branched many- 
 flowered. Floivers the largest of the Indian species, \-k in. diam., umbellate, on the 
 branches of the cyme ; pedicels slender, longer than the petals. Sepals 4, small, 
 obtuse. Petals 4, obtuse, imbricate Itipe carpels 2-4, the size of a pea, tubercled, 
 hardly beaked. Seed black. 
 
 6. Z. khasianum, Hook.f. ; branches petioles and inflorescence pubes- 
 cent, leaflets 8-10 pairs alternate rarely opposite small ovate with an 
 obliquely curved narrowed obtuse apex quite glabrous, cymes axillary and 
 terminal. 
 
 Khasia Mts. ; at Myrung, alt. 4-6000 ft., /. D. E. & T.T. 
 
 A small very fragrant climbing strangling bush. Branches very slender, sparingly 
 pritkly. Leaves 1 ft. long, arched ; petiole more or less pubescent, usually copioubly 
 prickly undermath ; leaflets 1-1| in., straight or oblique, coriaceous, shining above, 
 lully ^ of the blade usually occtipied by the contracted apex ; partial petioles ^^"4 >"• 
 Cymes (9 only seen) 2 in., panicled, spreading, very pubescent. Bipe carpels 1-3, about 
 I- in. di;im., globose, not beaked. Seeds globose, black. — I have not ventured to unite 
 this with the \ery similar Chinese Z. cuspidatum. Champ, {in Keiv Journ. Lot. iii. 329), 
 though this agrees entirely in habit, the curious i'orm of the alternate petioled small 
 Ifaflets, and in the paniculate cyme and fruit ; it differs in being very pubescent on the 
 branches petiole and rachis of the leaf and cyme, and in the small less coriaceous and 
 less shining leaves, that do not blacken in drying. 
 
 7. Z. Kamiltonianum, Wall. Cat, 7117 ; prickles few short, branches 
 /ind petioles glabrous or more or less pubescent or velvety, leaflets 
 4-7 in., 2-3 pairs, opposite glossy oblong not sinuate, cymes axillary tomen- 
 tose or glabrous. 
 
 Assam, Jenkins; Sudyah and Birma, Griffith; Borylaii, Hamiiton (Feb. 1809). 
 
 Probably a large scandent shrub ; branches stout, woody, prickles crooked. I^eaves 
 6-8 in.; petiole terete, stout, very prickly ; leaflets subsessile, suddenly narrowed into 
 a broad notched apex, base rounded, glossy on both surfaces, glabrous or pubescent 
 beneath, with many subparallel prominent arching nerves. Cymes 3-4 in., panicled, 
 very slender. Flowers yV in- diam., shortly pedicelled. Petals 4-5, valvate or slightly 
 imbricate. — Perhaps a form of Z tetraspermum. 
 
 Var. tomentosum; branches, petioles, and inflorescence very tomentose. — Assam, 
 Jenkhis. 
 
 8. Z. tetraspermum, W. <£- A. ProcZr. 148; very prickly, glabrous 
 except the velvety cymes, leaflets 3-5 in. opposite 2-3 pairs large elliptic or 
 
Zanthoxylim.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 495 
 
 oblong very glossy coriaceous many-nerved margin waved and sinuate- 
 toothed, cymes axillary and terminal. Thwaites Enum. 69 : Beddome Flor. 
 Syhat. Anal. Gen. xlii. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Kiirg and the Nilghiri Mts., Ceylon, alt. 3-5000 ft,, Waller. 
 
 A stout climbing sli rub; prickles short, hooked. Leaves 4-7 \n., glabrous; petii-le 
 stout, straight, very prickly ; leaflets subsessile, suddenly contracted to a rather long 
 obtuse notched lip, shining above and sinuate-toothed, especially in the Ceylon spe- 
 cimens, coriaceous, nerves numerous spreading. Panicles 2-3 in., axillary and ter- 
 minal, short, or rather large and spreading, when terminal densely tomentose, branches 
 alternate. Flowers small, jV~s i"- diam. Petals 4, acute, valvate. Pipe carpels 
 2-4, \ in. diam., globose. — Ceylon specimens have the brilliantly glossy leaves almost 
 black when dry and far more sinuate-toothed than the Kurg ones, which show a passage 
 to Z. Hamiltonianum, which has a very similar tip to the leaf. 
 
 Sect. 2. Cyrnes terminal ; branches opposite. Flowers polypetalous. 
 Leaves 5-3o -foliolate ; petiole not winged. Wood with a broad septate pith. 
 
 \ 9. Z. Rhetsa, DC. Prodr. i. 728 ; armed except the petioles and rarely 
 the cymes with short prickles, leaflets 8-20 pairs very oblique quite entire 
 glabrous, cymes terminal very large glabrous. W. & A. Prodr. 148 ; Grah. 
 Cat. Bomb. PI. 36 ; Dalz. (t Gihs. Bo7nb. Fl 45 ; Thwaites Enum. 69 ; Bedd.. 
 F'hr. St/lvat. Anal. Gen. xli. Z. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1218. Fagara Rhetsa, 
 Roxh. FL Ind. i. 417. ? F. Budrunga, Iloxb. Fl. Ind. i. 417, not of Wallick.— 
 Rheede Hort. Mai. v. t. 34. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from Coromandel and the Concan southward; Tavoy, Gomez. 
 
 A tree with corky bark and spreading leafy branches, prickles stiaidit or incurved, 
 the old ones with a solid conic base. Leaves \-\\ It., cluistered at the ends of the 
 branches, equally or unequally pinnate; petiole unarmed; leaflets opposite, 3-5 in., 
 with short partial petioles, recurved, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, 
 upper base rounded, lower very narrow and ending in the costa, nerves 10-12 on the 
 upper half, 2 fewer on the lower. Cymes sometimes lift, broad; branches opposite, 
 angled ; bracts minute, caducous. Flowers ^ in. diam., yellow, 4-merou8. Petals 
 valvate. Ovary glabrous. Ripe carpels solitary, the size of a pea, tubercled. Seed 
 snbglobose, blue-black. — The unripe carpels taste of orange-peel, the seeds like black 
 pt^pper. — Thwaites introduces this into his Enumeratio, but says, in Herb, that he 
 knovk's of but one tree, and that is in a garden. 
 
 10. Z. Budrung'a, Wall. Cat, 1211 ; ]of DC. Prodr. i. 728; armed with 
 short incurved prickles, leaflets 5-10 pairs glabrous broadly crenate with^ 
 large glands in the sinus, base very oblique, cymes terminal very large 
 glabrous. Z. crenatum, Wall. Cat. 1216. 1 Fagara Budrunga, Roxh. Fl. 
 Ind. i. 4] 7. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, Kumaon, Blinkworth {in Herb. Wallich) ; Forests of Silhet, 
 the Khasia Mts., Chittagoxg, and Martaban. 
 
 Apparently a tree, easily recognised by the large glands at the crenatures of the leaf- 
 lets. — I am not satisfied as to the name this plant should bear ; the description is 
 founded on Wallich's specimens from the Calcutta Garden, named iT. Budnivga, Eoxb , 
 and which should therefore be authentic, and which perfectly agree with those from 
 Silhet, &c. ; but Roxburgh describes in his " Flora Indica" (and figures in his drawings) 
 the leafli'ts as few, narrow, and quite entire ; and neither he nor Wallich (in Carey's 
 edition of the " Flora Indica") makes allusion to the crenatures and glands. I find no 
 plant corresponding to either Roxburgh's Fagara Rhetsa or F. Budrunga in any Silhet, 
 Assam, or Bengal collection, and except in the fewer leaflets there is no differential cha- 
 racter given by Roxburgh between these two supposed species, though in his drawings 
 he figures the flowers of Budruvga as small, white, with stamens larger than the petals 
 (probably a sexual character) ; and those of Bhetsa as larger, yellowivsh, with stamens 
 shorter than the petals. On the oiher hand, there are plenty of Western Peninsula 
 
496 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J, D. Hooker.) [Zanthoxylum. 
 
 and Ceylon specimens of Z. Rhetsa, with a few leaves, as Roxburgh describes in Z. 
 Undruvga, which leads me to suspect that Roxburgh may, by some mistnke, have 
 described a specimen of ^. RheUa with few leaflets for one of the Silhet Z. Budruvfja. 
 Should this not be so, and should his Budrungci prove really different from Rheisa, 
 Wallich's name of Z. crenatum must be given to th^ plant here described. 
 
 n. Z. myriacanthum, Wall. Cat 1214; copiously armed except the 
 petioles with short straight prickles, leaflets 4-8 pairs coriaceous not very 
 oblique glabrous crenulate, cymes large terminal pubescent, carpels very 
 small. Z. ?longifolium, )Vall. Cat. 7115. 
 
 Penang, Porter; Malacca, Maivgay. 
 
 A large tall tree {Porter). Branches stout, densely armed. Leaves l-l 4 ft- ; petiole 
 unarmed ; le-\flets 3-4 in., opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacuminiite, 
 crenutures minute and shallow, nerves .spreading distinct beneath ; partial petioles v<'ry 
 short. Cymes long and broad, with much longer primary branches than Z. Khctsa, 
 which are terete and alternate, very pubescent, and bear a few scattered prickles. 
 Flowers \ in. diam., subsessile, 5-merou8. Calyx 3- or mort--, bractcate at the base. 
 Petals 5, imbricate. Ovaries 3. Ripe carpels | in. diam., compressed, apiculaie. 
 /S^t't? -compressed, y^ in. diam., not quite ripe. 
 
 DOUBTFUL, REJECTED, AND UNKNOWN SPECIEH. 
 
 Z. ARMATUM. Roxb. Cat. Hort. Beng. 727 ; DC. Prodr. i. 727, is probably Z. Rhetsa 
 or Z. Budrunga. 
 
 Z.? Bajarnaxdia, Wall. Cat. 7118; a very imperfect specimen, consisting of a 
 broken unarmed petiole, 10 detached leaflets like those of Z. ohlomjum, but narrower, 
 more finely acuminate, and with more numerous nerves and an t;ven more oblique base, 
 ripe carpels larger. — Assam, at Guralpara, Hamilton. Probably Z. Rhets.i, DC, but 
 too imperfect for determination. 
 
 Z.? C0NNAR01DE8, W. & A. Prodr. 148, is a species of Heynea. 
 
 Ti.'i FiNLAYsoNJANUM, Wall. Cat. 7114; glabrous, branches as in Z. spondicefolium, 
 but the more numerous prickles are seated on a compressed woody conical base much 
 broader than themselves, leaves 3 in., petiole very slender obscurely winged minutely 
 armed, leaflets 8-10 alternate ^-4 in. rhomboid-ovate obtuse crenate, panicles axillary 
 and terminal peduncled quite glabrous, flowers small subumbelled, petals 5. — Siaui ? 
 Herb. Finlayson. 
 
 Z OBTUsiFOLiuM, Poiv. A^uppl. u. 293 ; DC. Prodr. i. 727, is a doubtful native of 
 India and probably not a Zautfioxylum. 
 
 Z. RHOiFOLiuM, Lamk. ; DC. I.e. is not Indian, but the Z. sorbifulium, A. St. Hil., 
 of America. 
 
 Z. 8AP1ND1FOLIUM, Wall Cat. 1215, from Amherst. Of this there is no specimen 
 in Walliclrs Herbarium, but only a blank slieet with the ticket attached. 
 
 Z. Serra, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. 440, is Saurauja nepalensis. 
 
 Z. spoNDiiEFOLiuM, Wall. Cat. 1217 ; branches as thick as a goose-quill, bark rough, 
 with very small conical prickles, leaves crowded at the end of the branch 4 5 in. 
 glabrous, petiole slender unarmed, leaflets 5-8 subopposite 2-24 in. elliptic-ovate acu- 
 minate quite entire, partial petiole ^V ^'^-i flower-buds minute in short axillary clusters, 
 petals 4, glabrous. — Amherst, Wallich. 
 
 7a. triflorum, Turcz. I.e. 1863, i. 597, described as ha^-ing opposite leaves not j el- 
 lucid dotted and 3-flowered peduncles in the upper axiis, and which is a Nilgiiiri 
 plant ^Perottet, No. 154) is clearly not of this genus. It may be Melicope indica, \\ . 
 
Toddalia.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 49? 
 
 9. TODDAIiZA, Juss. 
 
 Usually subscandent or sarmentose prickly shrubs. Leaves alternate, 
 l-'J-foliolate ; leaflets sessile. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal cymes 
 or ]ianicles, unisexual. Calyx short, 2-5-lobed or -parted. Petals 2-5, im- 
 bricate or valvate. Stamens 2, 4, 5 (or 8 with the alternate imperfect), 
 imperfect or in the ? flower, inserted at the base of a short or long or in- 
 conspicuous disk. Ovary ovoid oblong or globose, rudimentary or 4-lobed 
 in the ^ flower, 2-7-(rarely 1-) celled ; style short or 0, stigma capitate; 
 ovules 2, superposed or collateral in each cell. Fruit subglobose, or lobed, 
 coriaceous or fleshy, 2-7-celled; cells 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seeds angled, reni- 
 form, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved, terete, cotyledons 
 linear or oblong. — Distrib. About 8 species, natives of tropical and sub- 
 tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. 
 
 1. T. aculeata, Pers. ; DO. Prodr. ii. 83 ; prickly, leaflets sessile elliptic 
 obovate oblong or lanceolate creilulate, fruit 3-7-celled. W. (k A. Prodr. 
 149 ; Thwaites Eniim. 69 ; Grak Cat Bomb. PI. 37 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. 
 Flor. 46 ; Wight III. t. 66 ; Wall. Cat. 9042; Bedd.Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. 
 xlii. t. vi. f. 4. T. asiatica, Lamk. Diet. vii. 693 ; III. ii, 116. T. nitida, Lamk. 
 III. t. 139, f. 1. ] T. angustifolia, Lamk. Diet. I.e. 694. T. angustifolia, Miq. 
 in Plant. Hohen. 470. T. rubricaulis, Willd. T. floribunda, Wall. PL As. 
 Bar. iii. p. 37. Zanthoxylon nitidum, Wall. Cat. 1207, from China {not of 
 DC). Z. floribundum, Wall. Cat. 1206 ; PI. As. Ear. iii._ t. 232. Scopolia 
 aculeata, Sm. Ic. ined. sub t. 34; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 616. Limonia oligandra, 
 Dalz. in Kew Joiirn. Bot. ii. 258. Paullinia asiatica, Linn. Sp. PI. 524. — 
 Burm. Flor. Zeyl. 58, t. 24 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. v. 81, t. 41. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya, from Kumaon eastwards to Bhotan, ascending to 5000 ft. ; 
 Khasia Mts., ascending to 6000 ft., and throughout the We.stern Peninsula and 
 Ceylon. — Distrib, Sumatra, Java, China, the Philippine Islands. 
 
 A rambling sarmentose shrub, prickly or not. Leaflets sessile, 1-3 bj ^-1 in., gla- 
 brous, rounded, narrowed or subacute at the tip, which is acute obtuse or notched, 
 many-nerved, green on both surfaces, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, compressed, longer 
 or shorter than the leaves. Flowers ^ in. diam., white. Calyx glandular. Petals 5, 
 imbricate. Stamens not exceeding the petals. Ovary usually 5-celled ; style short, 
 stigma 5-lobed ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Fruit globose, size of a large pea, 
 3-5-grooved, orange-coloured, 3-5-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell. — Whole plant hot 
 and pungent. 
 
 2. T. bilocularis, W. d- A. Prodr. 149 ; unarmed, leaflets elliptic-lan- 
 ceolate acuminate quite entire, tip notched, flowers 2-3-merous, fruit 2-celled. 
 Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. xliii. ; Icones, t. 167. Dipetalum biloculare, Dalz. in Kew 
 Journ. Bot. il 38. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Courtallum, Wight; Anamallay forests, alt. 2500-3000 ft., 
 Beddome; Concan and Canara, Dalzell. 
 
 A tree (Beddome), trunk often 3 ft. in girth, foliage dense, always unarmed. Leaflets 
 6-10, sessile or petioled, nerved as in the other species, apparently quite entire. PdaU 
 2-3, slightly imbricate. St'gma large, peltate. Fruit as large as a cherry. — I have seen, 
 but two specimens, both Wight's, and in fruit only. I follow Dalzell in considering bis 
 Dipetalum to be the same ; he seems to have found it in a very early state, and says 
 the stamens were 6, and inflorescence tei-minal, which latter is not the case in Wight's 
 specimens ; Beddome, however, describes the inflorescence as terminal or from the 
 upper axils, and much shorter than the petiole. Beddome further describes it as a 
 beautiful tree of considerable size, with dense dark-green foliage; he found the females 
 in March, but not the males ; 3-petaled flowers were much more common than 
 2-petaled. 
 
 VOL. I. ' K K 
 
498 XXXIII. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aeroni/cJiia. 
 
 10. AC2107?'S:CHZA, Forst. 
 
 Trees. Leaccs opposite or alternate, 1- rarely 3-foliolate, leaflets quite 
 entire. Fh/wers small or rather large, yellow, in peduncled axillary and 
 terminal corymbs, polygamous. 6W//a; 4-lobed, sometimes enlarged after 
 flowering, imbricate. FeAah 4, spreading, revolute, valvate. IStamens 8, 
 inserted under a thick 8-angled tomentose disk, filaments subulate, the 
 alternate longer. Ovary inserted in the hollowed tip of the disk, tomentose, 
 4 celled; style terminal, stigma 4-grooved ; ovules 2, superposed in each 
 cell Fruit a 4-celled drupe, or 4-valved loculicidal capsule. Seeds often 
 exserted and pendulous from a slender funicle, testa black, albumen copious; 
 embryo straight, cotyledons oblong flat. — Distelb- About 15 species, natives 
 of tropical Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. 
 
 1. A. l^'i'-iroTia, LuiiJieBijcl 245 ; glabrous, leaves subopposite 1-folio- 
 1 ite, leaflet elliptic subobovate or oblong, cymes long-peduncled very broad 
 corymbose, buds linear, petals linear vilhms within. A. pedunculata, Mia. 
 FL hid. Bat. Sam>l. 532 ; llivxdtes Enum. 409 and 69 (Cyminosma) ; Bedd. 
 Flor. Sylv. Anal, Gen. xlii. t. (J, f. 4. Cyminosma pedunculata, DC. Frodr. 
 i. 722; Wall. Cat. 1205; W. tt- J. Fnxir. i. 147; Wi<jht III. I lfJ5, t. 65; 
 JJaJz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Stippl. 17. C. Ankenda, G<vrUi. Fract. i. 280, t. 58, 
 f. 6 (bad) ; DC. I.e. Clausena simplicifolia, Dalz. in Kew J ourn. Bot. iii. 180. 
 Jambolifera pedunculata, Vahl J:^//mb. iii. 52, t. (jl. Gela lanceolata, Lour. 
 FL Cock. i. 232. iSelas lanceolatum, t^nre>i(/. Sf/.^t, ii. 216. Ximenia 1 lan- 
 ceolata, DC. Frodr. i. 533. ludeterm. Wall. Cat. 902S—Fheede JIoH. Mai. v. 
 ]). 29, t. 15. 
 
 SiKKiM HiMAT.AYA, ill liot vJilleyB, alt. 3-4000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 0-4000 ft. ; 
 A^^8AM ; Cimitagono ; Eastekn Pemnsula, from liangoon to Peiiang and Malacca; 
 AVestern Temnsula, on the Ghats from Concan to Tri^vancor, aBceuding to 5000 ft. ; 
 Ceylon. — Djstkib. Sumatra, Java, Cochin China. 
 
 A small glabrous tree or shrub, with somewhat silky or puberulous young shoots and 
 inflorescence. Leaves very variable; leaflets 2 6 in., obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 
 membranous, quite entire, much veined and reticulate on both surfaces. Cymes axillary, 
 slerder, oppositely branched, spreading, long-ptduncled, corymbose ; bracts and brac- 
 teoles small. Floivcrs ^-| in. diam., fragrant, yellowish-white ; buds h'liear-oblong, 
 obtuse ; pedicels slender. Sepals very small, rounded. Petals linear-oblong from a 
 broad base, obtuse, revolute, more or less villous on the inner surface. }< ilavients 
 equiilling the petals, slender, bearded below. Ovary villous ; style short, stigma capi- 
 tate. Dmipe very variable in size, from a pea to a small cherry, 3-5-celled, glabrate, 
 usually with a narrowed angular or grooved tip, sometimes narrowed at the base, sume- 
 tiuies deeply lobed from the tip downwards. 
 
 Var. 1 ; leaflets oblong, flowers about \ in. diam. 
 
 V^vK 2 ; leaflets 5-7 in. oblong-lanceolate, petals very sparingly villous within, drupe 
 globose *-^ in. diam. glabrous. — ISikkira, J. D. H. 
 
 Var. 3 ; leaflets 4-5 in. cymes very slender, flowers smaller (1^ in.), fruit small con- 
 tracted at the base. — Western Peninsula. 
 
 Var. 4; leaflets very small 1^-2 by \-^ in. very membranous narrowly elliptic- 
 lanceolate, cymes few-flowered. — Pulney Mts., Wight. 
 
 Var. 5 ; cymes few-flowered, fruit small turbinate lobed at the top. — Mergui, 
 UHjjith. . ^ 
 
 Var. 6 ; peduncles stout thick, branches 3-flowered, flowers large almost 1 in. diam., 
 petals much bearded within, fruit nearly | in. diam. subglobose puberulous. — 
 xVlalacca ? Maincjay. 
 
 2. A. Porteri, Hook./.; leaves opposite 1-foliolate, cymes panicled 
 narrow, buds globose, petals ovate minutely pilose within.— ira//.C'a^. 7756. 
 
AcronycMa.] xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 499 
 
 Penano, Porter, Maingay {Kew distrib. 280) ; Malacca, Griffith: 
 A lofty tree. Petiole 4 in. ; leaflets 3-6 in., usually shortly acuminate, quite gla- 
 brous and entire, nerves beneath slender, spreading. Cymes 3-4 in. ; peduncle and 
 short branches stout, more or less hoary ; bracts and bracteoles small, persistent, obtuse. 
 blowers ^ in. diara ; buds ^^ in., puberulous. /Sepals 4, fleshy, obtuse. Petals broad, 
 short. I)is7c pulvinate, bright yellow, glabrous. Filaments with dilated bases. Ovary 
 imi:>erfect; styles minute, rudimentary, connate. Drupe \ in. diam., nearly globose, 
 obtusely 4-angled, minutely pitted, 4-celled, cells 2-seeded. Seeds subcollateral, oblong- 
 reniform, plano-convex; testa black, brittle. — The above description of the flowers is 
 taken very much from Maingay' s ms. which was drawn up from fresh specimens. 
 
 11. SKIBIXKIIA, Thunb. 
 
 Small glabrous strong scented shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, 
 quite entire. Flowers crowded, in terminal panicles, white, polygamous. 
 Calyx 4-5-lobed, imbricate. Petals 4-5, oblong, valvate or slightly imbri- 
 cate. Disk obsolete. Stamens 4-5, hypogynous, imperfect in the 2 flower. 
 Ovary obovoid, (of 1-5 rudimentary carpels in the (^ flower) 2-5-celled ; 
 style stout, terminal, or 0, stigma capitate 2-5-lobed ; ovules solitary, pen- 
 dulous from the top of each cell. Drupe ovoid, fleshy, with 2-5 carti- 
 laginous 1-seeded stones. Seed pendulous, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ; 
 embryo straight, cotyledons oblong flat, radicle short. — Disteib. Species 4, 
 Himalayan and Japanese. 
 
 1. S. Ziaureola, Ilook.f. ; leaves oblong linear-oblong elliptic-lanceolate 
 or obovate obtuse acute or caudate-acuminate, flowers 5-merous. Limonia? 
 Laureola, DC. Prodr. i. 536. L. Laureola, Wall. PL As. Par. iii. 23, t. 245 ; 
 Cat. 6357. Anquetilia Laureola, Dene, in J acq. Voy. Bot. 161, t. 161. Lau- 
 reola fragrans. Poem. Synops. fasc. i. 74. 
 
 Throughout the Temperate Himalaya, from Marri to Mishmi, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft. — Distrib. Affghanistan. 
 
 A glabrous shrub branched from the base, 3-5 ft. high, evergreen, strongly aromatic; 
 branches and foliage very bright green. Leaves exceedingly variable in size and shape, 
 3-7 in., softly coriaceous, quite entire, nerves indistinct ; petiole short, stout. Panicles 
 terminal, short, dense-flowered, branched ; females smaller ; bracts and 2 bracteoles deci- 
 duous. Flowers about 4 in- diam., yellowish- white, inodorous, shortly pedicelled. 
 Sepals small. Petals oblong, obtuse. Filaments stout, subulate. Ovary ovoid, mi- 
 nute, conic and 4-cleft in the S flowers. i^rwjY ^-f in. long ; ellipsoid, red, fleshy. 
 Seeds 1-3; embryo green. — Very similar to the Japanese S. japonica, Thunb., but 
 the flowers are 4-merous in that species. 
 
 12. CIiirCOSBIIS, Correa. 
 
 Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves 1-foliolate or imparipinnate ; leaflets 
 alternate. Flowers small, in axillary rarely terminal panicles. Calyx 4-5- 
 partite, segments broad imbricate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Stamens 8-10, 
 free, inserted round a disk, filaments subulate dilated below ; anthers small, 
 with often a dorsal or apical gland. Ovary 2-5-celled ; style very short, 
 ]jer3istent, stigma simple ; ovules solitary and pendulous in each cell. Beii'y 
 small, dry or fleshy, 1-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, testa membranous ; coty- 
 ledons equal, radicle very short. — Distpjb. Species 5, Asiatic and Australian. 
 
 I have followed Professor Oliver in the limitation of the forms of this troublesome 
 Genus, which might very well be included in one species. 
 
 1. G. pentapfcylla, Correa in Ann. Miis. vi. 384 ; leaves 3-5 rarely 
 1-foliolate, leaflets polymorphous usually elliptic-lanceolate, ovary 5- rarely 
 
 KK2 
 
500 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Glyeosmis. 
 
 3-4-celled glabrous, style very short stout. DC. Prodr. i. 538 ; W. d; A. 
 Frodr. 93 ; OUv.. in Jnurn. Linn. Soc. v. Sujjpl. ii. 37 ; WalL Cat. 6374 ; 
 Thwaltts Eunia. 45 and 406 ; Dak. <C- Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 29 ; Ftttld. in Tram. 
 Linn. Soc. xxv. 211 ; Flor. Sylv. Anal. Qen. xliii. t. 6, f. 6. G. chylocarpa, 
 W. d'A. Frodr: 93. G. arborea, DC.J.c; Wall. Cat. 6373 ; Thivaifes Enum. 
 43. G. Retzii, Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 41. Limonia pentapbylla, Retz Ohs. 
 V. 24; Roxb. Cor. Fl. t. 84 ; Flor. Lnd. ii. 381. L. arborea, Roxh. Car. Fl. 
 t. 85 ; Fl. Lnd. I.e. ; Bot. Mag. t. 2074. Myxospermum chylocarpum, Roem. 
 Synops. fasc. i. 40. 
 
 Throughout tropical and subtropical Himalaya, aBcending to 7000 ft. in Sikkim 
 from the Sutlej river in thp N.W., southwards to Upper Assam, Travancou, Malacca, 
 and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago, China, Philippine Islands, Borneo^ 
 Australia. ^ 
 
 One of the commonest plants in India, if, as most suppose, the shrubhy O. pmta- 
 phylla and arboreous G. arborea are the same species. This is a point to\vhich observers 
 in India should pay attention. Thwaitcs, who distinguished arborea at one time by 
 the short glandular ovary narrower than the spheroid disk, short depressed style as 
 broad as the distinct discoid stigma, and the smaller panicles, finds these characters not 
 to hold as he expected. The leaves, whii-h are evergreen, vary from 1-5-foliolate, and 
 the leaflets from 1-9 inches long, and are broad or narrow, obtuse acute or acuminate, 
 oblong elliptic or obovate or lanceolate, quite entire or crenulate, rather membranous, 
 pale and reticulately veined. Flowers small, white, in pubescent panicles that are very 
 variable in size and composition. Berry white, globose, usually the size of a large pea, 
 in var. 3, as large as a cherry. — I follow Prof. Oliver's classification of the first two 
 varieties, to whicn be gave many weeks of study with copious materials at his command. 
 The 3rd is added from Wight's Illustrations and Herbarium. Upwards of 200 speci- 
 m<ins are preserved in the Herbarium at Kew from dillifrent collectors and habitats. 
 
 Var. 1 ; leaves usually 3- rarely 1- or 5-foliolate, leaflets 4-9 in. lanceolate or oMong 
 or obovate-lanceolate quite entire or obscurely crenulate, panicles towards the tips of 
 the branches usually elongate many-flowered, ovary usually covered with mamillary 
 glands 5-celled connate at the base with the disk. — Throughout India. 
 
 Subvar. ; leaves narrower. — Canara and Mysore. 
 
 Var. 2 ; leaves usually 3-5-foliolate (except sub var. 1), leaflets elliptic or elliptic- 
 lanceolate, panicles small few- or many-flowered, flowers smaller, ovary 4-5 celled 
 scarcely niamillate constricted at the base and thus free from the disk. — G. triphylla, 
 Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii, 298; iSuppl. t. 39; Ic. t. 167 ; W. <& A. Frodr. 93. 
 G. nitida, W.<k A. Prodr. I.e. — Western iVninsula, Ceylon, Tenasserira. 
 
 Subvar. 1. longifolia ; leaves usually 1-foliolate, leaflets 3-10 iu. oblong or obovate- 
 lanceolate often acuminate or even caudate, panicles short 1-2 in., or if terminal 3-4 in. 
 — Assam, the Khasia Mts., Rangoon, an<l Malacca. 
 
 Suhvar. 2. macrophjUa; leaves 3-a-foliolate with the leaflets 3^-6 in., or 1-foliolate 
 with the leaflets 8-12 by 2^-6 in., disk thicker broader than the ovary. G. macro- 
 phylla, Limll. in Wall. Cat. 6377. — Assam, Penang, and Tavoy. ? Chionotria rigida, 
 Jack in Mai. Misc. ex Hook. Camp. Bot. Mag. i. 155. Ch. monogyna, Walp. Rep. i. 
 382 ; Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 73. 
 
 Subvar. 3. angH-stifolia ; leaflets narrower lanceolate 14-3 by |-| in. G. angnsti- 
 folin, Lindl. in WaH.'Cat. 6378 ; W. cO A. Frodr. 93. Limonia? angustifolia, WaU. Cat. 
 6360.— Tanjore, Mysore and Tavoy. 
 
 Svhvar. 4 ; panicles axillary very short, ovary scarcely constricted at the base, style 
 equalling the ovary. — Sikkim, Silhet, the Khasia Mts., Cachar, and Chittagong. 
 
 Var. 3. macrocarpa ; fruit |-1 in. diam. constricted at the base. G, macrocarpa, 
 Wiglt 111. i. 109.— Courtallum, Wight. 
 
 2. G. bilocularis, Thwai*-'s Emim. 45 ; leaves 3-5-foliolate, ovary 
 2-ce]led glabrous seated on the thickened disk. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. V. Suppl. ii. 38. 
 
 Ceylon, in the Maturatte district, Thwaites. _ 
 
 A shrub. Leaflets l|-2^ by \-% in., lanceolate or trapezoid-lanceolate, subacuminate, 
 
Glycosmis,\ xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D, Hooker.) 501 
 
 obtuse at the base, pale beneath. Panicles axillary, very short, few-flowered. Sepals 
 broad-ovate or trianguiar-ovate. Petals oblong or elliptic oblong. Stamens alternately 
 shorter (much and irregularly dilated, concave within, Thw.) ; anthers small, cordate. 
 Z)i>,7c .short, thick, rather broader than the ovary. — I have seen only scraps of this. I 
 take the characters from Oliver andThwaites. 
 
 3. G-. saplndoides, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6376 ; leaves 5-7-foliolate, 
 panicles branched from the base stout many-flowered, ovary 2-3-celled, 
 hairy about as long as the thick style. 
 
 Penang, WalUch, Maingay. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A tree 3 (? 30) feet high, with the trunk as thick as a man's thumb {Maingay). 
 Branches terete, glabrous. Leaflets 4-9 in., oblong or lanceolate, subacuminate. 
 Panicles 1-3 in., subpyramidal, branches short stout. Flowers shortly and stoutly 
 pedicelled. Sepals orbicular-ovate. Petals oblong or narrow oblong. Disk small or 
 obsolete. Ovary shortly stipitate. — Kurz (Journ. Beng. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 49) sug- 
 gests that this will prove a form of O. chlorosperma, Sprengel (Cur. Post. 162), but I 
 do not see how this can be, Sprengel's plant being described as having terminal 
 inflorescence. 
 
 4. G. puberula, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6375 ; leaves usually 3-foliolate, 
 ovary^ 4-5-celled shortly stipitate oblong pilose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. v.* Siijjpl. ii. 39. 
 
 Penang and Singapore, WalUch. 
 
 Leaflets 2-4 by |-1^ in., caudate-acuminate. Pedicels tVtV i"- Dish small, adnate 
 to the ovary. Style very short. — Perhaps a var. of G. pentaphylla, from which it differs 
 chiefly in the pilose ovary (Oliver). 
 
 EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 G, CRENDLATA, Turcz. in Mosc. Bidl. Soc. Nat. 1858, pt. ii. 250, is 3Iurraya crenu- 
 lata, Oliv. (in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 29), a native of Luzon and not of Sinca- 
 pore as Turczaninow states. 
 
 13. mZC^OmTlT^r^m, Blume. 
 
 Unarmed trees. Leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets alternate, oblique. 
 Flower.'^ in large terminal corymbose panicles. Calyx cupular, 3-5-toothed 
 or lobed. Petals 5, free, thick, valvate or subimbricate. Stamens 10, free, 
 inserted round a short or long disk, filaments linear-subulate, alternate 
 shorter. Ovary 5- rarely 2-6-celled ; style constricted at the base, deci- 
 duous, stigma obtuse or capitate ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Btrry 
 small, dry, usually 1-2-seeded, septa spirally twisted. Seeds oblong, testa 
 membranous ; cotyledons leafy, crumpled, radicle long. — Disteib. Species 
 3 or 4, tropical Asiatic and Oceanic. 
 
 1. BI. pubescens, Blume Bijd. i. 137 ; pubescent, leaflets 9-15 ovate to 
 broad lanceolate, corymbs subsessile or peduncled finely pubescent, calyx 
 cupular entire or 5-lobulate, ovary 5- rarely 2-4-celied more or less hairy, 
 stigma capitate slightly broader than the style, berry glabrous. Oliv. in 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 40 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xliii. t. 7, f. 1 ; 
 Thwaites Enum. 46. Bergera integerrima, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 376 ; Wall. 
 Cat. 6371. Aurantiacea, Wall. Cat. 8517, 8518. 
 
 Central and Eastern tropical Himalaya; Nipal, WalUch; Sikkim, J. D. H.; 
 Assam ; Kiiasia Mrs. ; Chittagong and from Birma southward to Malacca ; Ceylon. 
 — Distrib. Java, China and Eastward to the Pacific Islands^ 
 
 A small umbrageous tree. Leaves 6-18 in. ; leaflets subopposite and alternate, short- 
 petioled, waved, often caudate-acuminate, base often cordate, pubescent beneath, rarely 
 above. Cymes terminal, decompound, tomentose ; peduncle long or short ; pedicels 
 
503 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Micromclum. 
 
 j^j-g in. ; bracts minute. Flowerg variable in size, \-\ in. diam., heavy-scented ; buds 
 oblong. Petals narrow-oblong, subacute, finely pubescent. Stamens alteniately longer ; 
 anthers didymous. Ovary usually hairy ; 2-7- but usually 6-celled. Berry ovoid or 
 oblong, as large as a large pea, yellow. Seed nearly as long. — There is a specimen from 
 N. VV. India in Eoyle's Herbarium, but probably from a garden, as he makes no mention 
 of it in his Illustrations of Himalayan Plants. The following varieties are established 
 by Prof. Oliver :— 
 
 Vab. 1 ; leaflets 2^3^ by 1-1 4 in., calyx subentire, style equalling or exceeding the 
 ovary. Bergera villosa, Wall. Cat. 6372. Cookia punctata, Hassk. ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 
 i. pt. 2, 524. — Penang (Java, Philippines). , 
 
 VAU. 2 ; leaflets 34-6 by 1-1^-2 in., cymes broader, flowers larger, calyx with trian- 
 gular lobes. — B. integeirima, lioxh. I.e.; DC. Pradr. i. 537. B. villosa, WaU. Cat. 
 6372. — Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft. ; Nipal, Assam, Birma. 
 
 Var. 3; leaflets narrower li-34 by 4-14 in., calyx lobulate, style often exceeding 
 the ovary. — Ceylon. 
 
 2. HI. liirsutum, Oliv. in Jouini. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 40 ; tomentose, 
 leaflets K)-25 obscurely toothed, cymes densely tomentose almost hirsute, 
 ovary 5-celled, stigma about as broad as the style, berry very hairy. — 
 Aurantiacea, Wall. Cat. 8516. 
 
 Penang, /flcZ:, Porfer, &c. ; Sincapore, Wallich; Pegu, J/cXeZZawtZ; Ten asserim, 
 Griffith, Helftr. — Distujb. Philippine Islds. 
 
 Very like M. puhescens^ and probably only a variety of that plant, but more tomen- 
 tose, especially the inflorescence, which is almost hirsute, as is the berry. The flowers 
 are as small as the smallest var. of M. pubescetis. 
 
 14. MURRAVA, Linn. 
 
 Unarmed shrubs or small trees. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets alternate, 
 petioled, base oblique or cuneate. Flowers solitary and axillary, or in 
 terminal corymbs or axillary cymes. Calyx 5-fid or -partite. Petals 5, 
 free, imbricate. Stamens 10, inserted round an elongate disk, filaments 
 linear-subulate, the alternate shorter ; anthers short, small. Ovary 
 2-5-celled, narrowed into a long deciduous style, stigma capitate ; ovules 
 solitary or 2 superimposed or collateral in each cell. Berry 1-2-celled, 
 oblong or ovoid, 1-2-seeded. Seed with a woolly or glabrous testa; 
 cotyledons equal. — Distrlb. {Species 4, tropical Asiatic. 
 
 1. m. exotica, Linn. ; leaves glabrous 3-8-foliolate, leaflets oblique, 
 cymes terminal corymbose. Oliv. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 28 ; lio,cb. 
 Fl. Ind. ii. 374 ; Wall. Cat. (5368 ; Thwaites Enum. 45 ; Wirjht Ic. t. 96 ; 
 Bedd. Plor. Sylvat. Aiud. Gen. xliv. t. 7, f. 2 ; Brandis For. Flor. 48. 
 Chalcas intermedia and C. paniculatii, Roem. Synops. fasc. i 48 and 49. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, from Gakwhal to Assam and Bjrma, and 
 southward to Chittagong, Tkavancor, and Ceylon. — Uistrib. Eastward to China, 
 Australia, and the Pacific Islands. 
 
 A very variable evergreen plant, of which two forms occur — a bushy and a f-ub- 
 arboreous. Branches slender, young parts pubescent. Leaves 4-5 in. ; leaflets 
 shortly petioled, 1-3 in., ovate or obovate, or rhomboid, obtuse or obtusely acuminate 
 and often notched at the tip, usually very oblique at the base, shining above, quite 
 entire, newer slender. Corymbs terminal and axillary, few- or many-flowered Flowers 
 campanulate, \ in. diam., pure white, very tragrant. SejMils glandular, acute. Petals 
 oblonglancenlate, spreading above. Stamens alternately longer. Ovary 2-celled ; 
 style slender, stigma capitate ; ovules sohtary in each cell or 2 superposed. Berry 4 in,, 
 apiculate, globose or ovoid, 1-2-seeded. 
 
 Vak. 1 ; shrubby, corymbs many-flowered, ovary 2-celled. — M. exotica, Auct. M. 
 
Murrat/a.] xxxiii. rutace-e. (J» D. Hooker.) 503 
 
 exotica and brevifolia, Thwaites Enum. 45. — Common in Northern India ; Ceylon in 
 Gardens only. 
 
 Var. 2 ; arboreous, corymbs few-flowered or flowers subsolitary, ovary 2-cftlled. — 
 M. paniculata, Jack in MaL Misc. i. 31 ex Hook. Sot. Mine. ii. 79 ; DC. Prodr. i. 
 537 ; W.&A. Prodr. U] Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29.. M. sumatrana, Roxb. Fl. 
 Ind. ii. 375; Wall. Cat, 6369. Chalcas paniculata, Linn. Ch. sumatrana, Poem. 
 Synops.fasc. i, 49 — Chiefly in the Western Peninsula. Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft. 
 
 Vak. 3 ; ovary 4-5-celled. — M. Glenieii, Thwaites Enum. 406 ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc. V. Suppl. ii. 29. — Trincomalee in Ceylon. — Thwaites, I.e., gives Oliver as the 
 author of this species, but the latter quotes Thwaites' mss. as his authority. 
 
 2. IMC. SLcenigrii, >S/?re?z/7. Syst. Veg. ii. 315; leaves pubescent or glabrous 
 10-20-foliolate, leaflets small oblique, cymes terminal, ovary 2-celled. Oliv. 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Stip2^l. ii. 29 ; Bedd. Flor. Syh. Anal. Gen. xliv. ; 
 Brandis For. Flor. 48. Bergera Koenigii, Linn.; W. & A. Prodr. 94; 
 Wight Ic. t. 13 ; Wall. Cat. 6370; Roxb. Cor. PI ii. t. 112; Fl. Ind. ii. 
 375 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29. 
 
 Along the foot of the Himalayas, from Garwh^^l to Sikkim, ascending to 5000 ft. ; 
 Bengal, Pegu, and southward to Travakcor and Ceyi.on; often cultivated. 
 
 A small strong-smelling umbrageous tree, pubescent or tomentose, rarely glabrous, 
 deciduous. Leaves often 1 foot long, narrow ; petiole slender, terete ; leaflets petioled, 
 1-1 4 in., variable, usually obliquely ovate, obtusely acuminate, tip notched, crenulate, 
 sometimes suborbicular or lanceolate. Corymbs peduncled, many-flowered. Floioi rs 
 white, \ in. long, subcampanulate, ebracteate. Sepals acute. Petals linear-oblonir, 
 obtuse, dotted. Stamens alternately longer, filaments dilated belo>v. Ovary 2-celled ; 
 style cylindric, stigma capitate grooved; ovules solitary in each cell, or 'i-buperpose-t. 
 Fruit ovoid or subglobose, \ in. diam., black, rugose. Seeds imbedded in mucilage. — 
 Leaves much eaten in curries. 
 
 3. Ttl, elong'ata, Alph. DC. mss. in Wall. Herb. ; leaves glabrous 
 4-6-foiiolate, leaflets 4-5 in. ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate- 
 acuminate tip notched coriaceous. 
 
 BiRMA, at Taong-dong, Wallich. 
 
 A very difterent looking plant from any of the forms of 31. exotica. — Bark on the 
 slender branches pale yellow. Petiole wilh rachh 3 in., angular; leaflets pale bright- 
 brown when dry, much longer and more lanceolate than in any form of M. exotica. 
 Fruit I in. long, narrowly ellipsoid, as in the last-named species, of which it may be 
 a form. 
 
 15. CliAUSENil, Burm. 
 
 Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves imparipinnate, usually deciduous, 
 leaflets membranous. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary cymes panicles 
 or lax racemes. Calyx 4-5-lobed or partite. Petals 4-5, free, membranous, 
 margins imbricate. Stamens 8-10, inserted round an elongated disk, the 
 alternate shorter, filaments usually dilated or arched and concave below 
 the subulate tip ; anthers short. Ovary stipitate, 4-5 (rarely 2-3-) celled ; 
 style usually distinct, deciduous, stigma obtuse entire or 2-5-lobed ; 
 ovules 2, collateral or superposed in each cell. Berry small, ovoid, oblong 
 or globose, 2-5-celled. Seeds oblong, testa membranous ; cotyledons 
 equal, plano-convex. — Distrib. Species about 14, chiefly tropical Asiatic, 
 with a few African and Australian. 
 
 * Inflorescence terminal, panicled. 
 
 1. C. pentaphylla, DC. Prcdr. i. 538 ; tomentose above, leaves 
 3-7-foliolate, leaflets 5-9 in. ovate acuminate tomentose or glabrate beneath, 
 flowers 4-merous, ovary hairy, style very short glabrous. Don Gen. Syst. i. 
 
504 XXXIII. RUTACEJE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Clauserm. 
 
 686 ; Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. Sup]}!, ii. 30 ; Brandis For. Flor. 49. 
 Amyris pentaphylla, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 247 (error in descript. of ovules) ; 
 Wall. Cat. 8519. Limonia mollis, Wall. Cat. 6362. Gallesioa pentaphylla, 
 Koem. Synops. fasc. i. 45. 
 
 Tropical Western Himalaya, from Eumaon to Nipal, and in the Doom and Sal 
 forests of Oudh ; Cawnpore, Hardwick. 
 
 Branchlets terete, softly tomentose, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaven large ; petiole 
 often shorter than the leaflet, terete ; leaflets membranous, narrow and more or less 
 oblique at the cuneate base, quite entire or obscurely crenate, very shortly petioled, 
 usually softly tomentose beneath; nerves spreading. Panicle erect, 4-lU in. long, 
 branches long stout much divided, all very softly downy. Flowers ^ in. diam. ; buds 
 globose. Sepah triangular, acute. Petals oblong, concave, obtuse, glabrous or hairy 
 outside. Filaments short, broad. Fruit ^ in, diam., broadly oblong, glabrous, pale 
 orange, papillose. — Wallicli's 8519, from the Calcutta Gardens, have very large (10 by 
 4^ in.) membranous sometimes I-foliolate leaves, almost glabrous beneath and glabrous 
 petals. 
 
 2. C. heptaphylla, W. d: A. Prodr. 95, in note; glabrous, leaves 
 5-9-foliolate, leaflets 2-5 in. equal or slightly oblique at the base, 
 flowers 4-5-merous, ovary obovoid 4-grooved glabrous, style as long as the 
 ovary and as broad as the stigma. Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 
 ii. 30. Amyris heptaphylla, Jtoxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 248 ; Wall Cat. 8508. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, near Calcutta, Boxhurgh ; Silhet, WaUich ; Khasia Mts., 
 ascending to 4000 ft, and Chittagono, H.f. d: T.; Tenas.serim, Griffith. 
 
 A branching bush, smelling strongly of aniseed ; branchlets glabrous, as thick as a 
 crow-quill. Leaves 6-16 in.; petiole cylindric, slender; leaflets sometimes 8 in., 
 shortly petioled, membranous, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, very obscurely crenulate, 
 pale beneath ; nerves and costa slender. Panicle with slender spreading branches, on 
 which the flowers are racemed. Fhwers j^ in. diam., pedicels slender, buds globose, 
 yellow-white. Petals oblong, glabrous. Berry 4 i«- long, oblong, white reddish or 
 pale yellow, glandular. 
 
 3. C. macrophylla, Hook. /. ; softly villous, leaves 5-foliolate, 
 leaflets 5-7 in. equal or suboblique obscurely toothed tomentose beneath, 
 flowers glabrous, stamens equal, filaments very short, ovary stipitate 
 glabrous 4-lobed tnbercled, style as long as the ovary and as broad, as the 
 stigma. 0. heptaphylla var. ? pubescens ; Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 
 Siqqi. ii. 30. Cookia ? macrophylla, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6367. 
 
 BiRMA, on the banks of the Saluen at Trogla, Wallich. 
 
 1 have seen but one specimen. Branchlets as thick as a goose-quill, and as well as 
 the petiole and panicle clothed with a soft spreading close-set velvety tomentimi. Leaves 
 1 ft. ; leaflets very shortly petioled, acuminate, pale on both surfaces, nerves strong 
 arched, margin with shallow small rather distant teeth, midrib stout ; common petiole 
 stout, terete. Panicle stout, erect, with the peduncle 1 ft. long ; branches strict, erecto- 
 patent. secondary branchlets short. Floicers crowded, ytt i""*- diam., shortly pedicelled, 
 buds globose. Calyx-lobes 4, minute, rounded, acute. Petals broadly oblong, concave, 
 membranous, covered with large glands. Filaments much dilated below ; anthers 
 large, oblong. Ovary stipitate, tubercled with very large glands ; ovules 2, collateral 
 in each cell. Fruit immature, oblong, tip obscurely 4-angled and truncate. 
 
 4. C excavata, Burm. P'l. Ind. 87 ; pubescent or tomentose, leaves 
 T5-:X> lolioiate, leaiicts 2-3.} in. oblique at the ba.se, flowers 4-merous, ovary 
 ovoid or elliptic sub-4-gonal stipitate hairy or hirsute, style stout about 
 equalling the ovary. L>C. Prodr. i. 538; Oliv. in Jo urn. Linn. Soc. v. 
 SupjJl. ii. 31. Murraya Burmanni, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 315. Amyris suma- 
 
Clausma.] xxxiti. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 505 
 
 trana, and pvLnct&tB,, jRoxJy. Fl. hid, ii. 250, 251 ; Wall, Cat. 8512. Cookia 
 graveolens, W. & A. Prodr. 95; Wall. Gat. 8515. Gallesioa graveolens, 
 Roem. tiynoin. fasc. i. 45. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, alt. 2000 ft., from Nipal, Wallieh, to Bhotan, Griffith; Silhet 
 Pegu, and Chittagong, Wallieh, &c. Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Griffith; 
 Penang, Porter, &c. — Distuib. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 
 
 A tree,fetid when bruised, smelline: of Sassafras ( lioxhurgh) ; brancblets as thick as 
 a crow-quill and as well as the inflorescence petioles and leaflets more or less softly 
 tomentose. Leaves 6-12 in. ; petiole slender, cylindric, more tomentose than the leaf- 
 lets which are very oblique at the base, petioled, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, mem- 
 branous, obscurely crenate, upper often falcate. Panicle 4-12 in. high, pyramidal; 
 branches spreading, alternate. Flowers shortly pedicelled, J in. diam., white; buds 
 globose. Petals oblong, glabrous. Fruit % in., broadly oblong. 
 
 Var. villosa; clothed with soft spreading hairs, petals hirsute. — Kangoon. 
 
 5. C. Wampi, Blanco Flor. Filip, 358 ; branches petioles and inflo- 
 rescence pustular, leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets 2-4 in. broad ovate elliptic or 
 lanceolate waved or crenulate, flowers 4-5-merous, ovary pilose usually 
 6-celled, style very short glabrous above, stigma 5-lobed, ovules 2 in each 
 cell superposed. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. ISuppl. ii. 34. Cookia punc- 
 tata, Sonnerat Voy. iii. 258, t. 130 ; DC. Prodr. i. 537 ; Roxh, Fl. Ind. 
 ii. 382 ; Wall. Cat. 6366. 
 
 Cultivated in India and the Eastern Islands ; native probably of China. 
 
 A small glabrous tree, with a sweet terebinthine odour. Xeaves 4-10 in. ; petiole 
 cylimlric, glabrous or hairy ; leaflets petioled, oblique, shining above, tip obtuse notched. 
 Panicle large, erect, compound, branched from the base, branches stout. Flowers ^ in. 
 diam., white; pedicels very short, stout ; buds globose. JfetaZs broad, concave. Fruit 
 nearly globose ; rind tough, covered with glands full of green balsamic oil. Seed solitary. 
 
 6. C. Wallichii, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Siippl. ii. 35 ; leaves 
 13-17-foliolate, leaflets rhomboid or oblong-lanceolate crenulate glabrous, 
 petiole and rachis obscurely winged, flowers 5-merous, ovary glabrous 
 4-5-celled, style distinct, ovules 2 superposed in each cell. 
 
 BiRMA, Chappedong hill, Wallieh. 
 
 Branchltts terete, black when dry, smooth. Leaves 8-12 in. ; leaflets 2-3 in., alter- 
 nate, oblique, caudate-acuminate with an obtuse notched tip, narrowed into a cuneate 
 base; petiole very slender, margined rather than winged. Pam'c/e 3-5 in. long and 
 broad, much branched ; branches erecto-patent, glabrous, strict. Flou'&rs subsessile, 
 I in. diam., glabrous. Calyx 5-partit«. Petals imbricate. Stamens 10, free, filaments 
 thickened in the middle. Ovary on a short narrow stalk, usually 5-celled ; style very 
 short, grooved, as broad as the stigma ; ovules obliquely superposed. — Oliver remarks 
 that when the ovary is 4-celled, the ovules in at least one cell are collateral, as also 
 that this species weakens the distinction between Clausena and Murraya. 
 
 7. C. indica, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 36; glabrous, 
 leaves 7-11-foliolate, leaflets oblique polymorphous crenulate, flowers 
 5-merous, ovary 2-5-celled glabrous papillose, ovules 2 collateral in each 
 cell. Bedd. Flor. Silv. Anal. Gen. xlv. Piptostylis indica, Dalz. in Kew 
 Journ. Bot. iii. 33, t. 2 ; Dalz. <^ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29. Bergera nitida, 
 Thwaites Enum. 46. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Bombay Ghats, Dalzell, to the Anamallay hills, Bed- 
 dome. Ceylon, Thwaites, i. 
 
 A shrub or small tree; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves ^-10 in.; petioles slender, 
 arched, terete, glabrous or puberulous ; leaflets 2-4 in., petioled, very oblique, oblong- 
 ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, rarely almost rounded, tip rounded obtuse and notched or 
 acute or acuminate, crenulate, very dark with raised glands on both surfaces when dry. 
 
606 XXXIII. RUTACKiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Clavsaia. 
 
 Panicle peduncled; peduncle hoary, corymbosely branched above. Floivers J in. diam., 
 very shortly pedicelled, pale, glabrous, globose. Fetahi broadly ovate. Pruit 4 in. diam., 
 globose, yellow. — Beddome considers this to be probably a variety of C. Willdeiiovii, 
 but the inflorescence is totally different. 
 
 ** Inflorescence axillary^ panicled or racemose. 
 
 8. C. Willdenovii, W. d: A. Prodr. 96; glabrous or pubescent or 
 tomentose, leaves 5-13-foliolate, leaflets 1-2 in. obliquely ovate or ovate- 
 lanceolate crenulate, flowers in compound slender racemes usually 4-merous, 
 ovary stipitate 4-angled or grooved glabrous, style short thick, ovules 2 
 superposed in each cell. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Sup2>l. ii. 32 ; Bedd. 
 For. Sylvat. Arutl. Gen. xliv. t. 7, f. 3 ; Dah. <k Gibs. Bomb. Fhr. 30 ; Wig lit 
 Ic. t. 14 ; IVnvaites Enum. 47 ; Wall. Cat ^509. Cookia dulcis, Bedd. in 
 Madr. Journ. 1861 ; Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 211. Icica dentata, DC. Prodr. 
 ii. 78. Amyris dentata, W'dld. Sp. PL ii 337. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 1-2000 ft. Western Peninsula, coramon, ascending to 
 3000 ft. in Wynaad. Ceylon, in the hot drier parts. — Distrib. Moluccas. 
 
 A large shrub {Boxlnirgh), glabrous or with the young parts and sometimes the pe- 
 tioles and inflorescence pubescent ; branchlets slender. Leaven 6-lGin. ; petiole slender, 
 terete ; leaflets petioled, oblique, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, acute or 
 obtusely caudate acuminate, crenulate, membranous. Bacemea slender, axillary, 3-10 
 in. long, branches or pedicels divaricating. Flowers fragrant, rather remote, ^ in. 
 diam., whitish ; buds globose. Petals oblong, concave, glandular. Fruit globose, from 
 the size of a pea to a cherry, whitish-green, pellucid. 
 
 Var. 1. jnihescens; more or less pubescent or tomentose or woolly on the young 
 bracts petioles and inflorescence or throughout. C. pubescens, W. cC A. Prodr. 96 ; Wall. 
 Cat. 8510.— Pegu, Madras, Ceylon. 
 
 Var. 2, nana; branches petioles and racemes quite glabrous with scattered pustular 
 glands, leaflets smaller membranous reticulate. C. nana, W. d; A. I.e. ; Wall. Cat. 
 8507. Amyris nana, Boxb. Ft. Ind. ii. 249. Madras (Moluccas, Boxburgh). 
 
 9. C. Buflfruticosa, W. d' A. Prodr. 96 ; softly tomentose,* leaves 
 ll-17-foli()late, leaflets 3-5 in. obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong,- flowers 
 in compound slender racemes 4-merous, ovary stipitate ovoid or subsphe- 
 rical or grooved, style slender, ovules superposed in each cell. Oliu. iii 
 Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 33 ; Wall. Cat. 8513, 8514. Amyris suf- 
 fruticosa, BoxIj. Fl. Ind. ii. 250. 
 
 Ciiittagono, Boxburgh; Khasia Mts., De Sllva. 
 
 Shrubby, wholly clothed with soft spreading tomentum ; stem simple ; branchlets 
 about as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 1 ft. ; petiole straight, slender, terete, glan- 
 dular towards the base ; leaflets shortly petioled, obtuse acute or acuminate, often 
 equally tomentose on both surfaces, quite entire. Bacemes 2-5 in,, compound, slender, 
 glandular. Floicers J in. diam., greenish-white, pedicels slender ; buds globose. Petals 
 glabrous, concave. Fruit (according to Koxburgh) 1 in. long, fusiform or ovoid, dronp- 
 iug, orange-yellow, glandular, iSced solitary, green. — Distinguished from var. puLes- 
 ccns of VVilldenow by the much larger size of leaves leaflets and fruit, 
 
 16. TRIFKASIA, Lour. 
 
 A spiny shrub. Leaves alternate, sessile, 3-foliolate, leaflets obtuse, 
 crenate, lateral smaller. Flowers solitary, or in 3-flowered cymes, axillary, 
 sweet-scented. Cal^x 3-lobed. Petals 3, free, imbricate. Stamens 6, 
 inserted round a fleshy disk, filaments free subcqual dilated at the base; 
 anther linear. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled, narrowed into a slender deciduous 
 style, stigma obtuse or capitate and 3-lobed; ovules solitary in each cell. 
 Berry small, ovoid, 1-3-celled, 1-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, immersed in 
 
Triphasia.] xxxiii. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 507 
 
 mucilage, testa coriaceous ; cotyledons plano-convex, often unequal or 
 lobed. 
 
 1. T. trifoliata, DC. Prodr. i. 536; Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 
 Sup2)L ii. 26 ; W. (^ A. Prodr. 91 ; Dcdz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 12. T. 
 aurantiola, Lour. ; Wall. Gat. 6381. Limonia trifoliata, Linn. ; Burm. Fl. 
 Ind. t. 35, f. 1. L. diacantha, DC. Prodr. i. 536. 
 
 Western Peninsula, apparently common, but said to be an escape ; common in 
 gardens throughout India and in various tropical countries. 
 
 A glabi-ous spinous shrub, with straggling evergreen branches and leaves ; spines 
 slender, straight. Leaflets thick and soft, crenulate, coriaceous, almost nerveless, the 
 terminal shortly petioled, f-lA in,, ovate with a cuueate base and rounded notched tip ; 
 lateral smaller, more roimded, oblique. Flowe/rs very shortly peduncled, nearly \ in. 
 long, white, fragrant. PetoZ.s| linear-oblong. Fruit 4 in. long, fleshy, apiculate, gland- 
 dotted.— Graham (Cat. Bomb. PI. 23) is probably mistaken in supposing that this, 
 M'hich is considered by many to be a Chinese plant, is a native of the Southern Concan. 
 I am not aware, however, that it has anywhere been found in an indigenous state. 
 
 17. ZaZMOSSrZA, Linn. 
 
 Shrubs or small tree^^, often spiny. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate or impari- 
 pinnate ; leaiiets opposite or alternate ; petiole winged. Flowers panicled, 
 raceined or fascicled. Galyx equally 4-5-lobed or -partite. Petals 4-5, 
 imbricate. Stamens 8-10, inserted around an annular or elevated disk, 
 filaments subulate ; anthers cordate or linear-oblong. Ovary oblong, 
 4-5-celled ; style short, stout, deciduous, stigma obtuse or capitate ; ovules 
 1-2 in each cell. Berry globose, 1-4-celled, 1-4-seeded. Seeds imbedded 
 iji mucilage ; cotyledons fleshy. — Disteib. Species ^-3, natives of Tropical 
 Asia. 
 
 * Gdls of the ovary \-ovuled. 
 
 '. :^. aciriissixRa, Liiin. ; DC. Prodr. i. 536 ; spinous, glabrous, leaves 
 I -iiiuaie, -leaflets 2-4 pair sessile opposite obtuse crenulate, rachis broadly 
 winged, racemes subumbellate, flowers 4-merous. W. & A. Prodr. 92 ; 
 Grah. Cat. Bcmb. PI. 23 ; Dalz. ^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 29 ; Bedd. For. Flor. 
 Anal. Gen. xlv. L. crenulata, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 86; Fl. Ind. ii. 381; 
 DC. I.e. ; Wall. Cat. 6364. Hesperethusa acidissima, crenulata and am- 
 bigua, Roem. SynojM.fasc. i. 38. — Rheede Ilort. Mai. iv. t. 14. 
 ■^ Dry hills in various parts of India, N.W. Himalaya in Simla and Kumaon, ascend- 
 ing to 4000 ft. ; Monghyr hills in Behar ; Assam ; Western Peninsula, from the 
 Bombay Ghats and Coromandel southwards. Yunan, /. Anderson. 
 
 A spinous glabrous shrub or small tree, with rigid flexuous woody branches ; spines 
 \~\ in. Leaves 1-4 in. long; petiole and rachis jointed, the former narrowly the latter 
 very broadly winged ; leaflets 1-2 in., trapezoid-ovate, obtuse and notched at the lip, 
 base cuneate, margins crenulate, nerves slender i-eticulate ; joints of rachis obovate- 
 oblong, crenulate. llacemes 1 in. long, pubescent, often leafy; pedicels slender. 
 Flowers ^ in. diam., tetrpierous, white, fragrant. Sepals small. Petals elliptic or 
 oblong. Disk annular or columnar. Ovary i-ceWed, style short thick; ovule 1 pen- 
 dulous in each cell. Berry globose, ^ in. diam., 1-4-seeded, very acid. . 
 
 ? 2. Xi. pubescens, Wall. Cat. 6365 (Limonia?); spinous, leaflets 
 3-5-pair opposite broadly rhomboid or ovate obtuse quite entire or sinuate- 
 crenate midrib beneath and winged costa pubescent. 
 
 BiRMA ; at Taong-dong, Wallich. 
 
508 XXXIII, RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Lbnonia. 
 
 The specimen in Wallich's Herbarium is very incomplete, and the detached fruit 
 which accompanies it is probably that of another plant. Branches woody, with short 
 strong scattered thorns, branchlets unarmed. Leaves 3-5 in., leaflets \\-2 in., sessile, 
 base cuneate ; rachis between the leaflets ^ in. broad. — ? Fruit a depressed sphere 
 i in. diam., 5-lobed, smooth. 
 
 3. Zi. altemans, Wall, in Voigt. Tlort. Calc. 139; unarmed, leaves 
 pinnate, leaflets 5-7 pairs alternate acuminate crenulate, rachis narrowly- 
 winged, cymes subsessile, flowers 5-merous. Kurz in Joiirn. As. Soc. 
 Belig. 1873, ii. 64 {L. cdteniifdia). ' 
 
 Pegu, Wallich, Kurz; Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 A slender shrub, with a simple or sparingly branched stem, quite glabrous. Leaves 
 4-9 in.; petiole hardly winged; rachis narrowly winged; leaflets 1^-2 in., ovate, 
 sessile, terminal much larger, nerves obscure. Cymes short and shortly peduncled, 
 axillary, glabrous. Flowers small, white. Sepals minute, acute. Petals \ in. long, 
 subacute. Stamens 10, the alternate longer, filaments sparsely pubescent within. 
 ]Juk thick, elongate after flowering. Ovary obovoid, compressed, smooth, 2-celled ; 
 ovules solitary, pendulous; style curved, stigma thickened. — The description of the 
 flower is from Kurz, who retains it in this genus. 
 
 ** Cells of ovai^y ^-ovuled. 
 
 4. Zi. alata, W. <&; A. Prodr. 92 ; usually spinous, leaves 3-foliolate, 
 leaflets obovate quite entire, the lateral small, flowers 4-6-merous. Wight 
 III. i. t. 41 ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 27 ; Wall. Cat. 6363 ; 
 Thwaites Enitm. 45 ; Bedd. Plor.' Sf/lv. Anal. Gen. xlv. t. 7, f. 4. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; foot of the Nilghiri and Anamallay Mts, and elsewhere in 
 the Madras Presidency, Wight, 3Iaingay ; Ceylon, common in hot dry parts of the 
 Island. 
 
 A small glabrous tree ; spines 1 in., nearly straight. Leaves 2-4 in. ; leaflets l-2i in., 
 subsessile, base cuneate; petiole 1-1^ in., winged. Panicles 2-3 in., terminal and 
 axillary, few- or many-flowered, hoary, branches rather stout. Flowers 4 in. diam., 
 shortly pedicelled, ebracteolate. Sejm'ls triangular. Petals oblong. Stamens subequal. 
 i>isA; small, aimnlar. Owary 4-5-celled; style rather slender, stigma capitate ; ovules 
 collateral or obliquely superposed. Perry 1 in. diam., globose, many-seeded. 
 
 DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 LiMONiA BiLocuLARis, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 377. Atalantia? bilocularis, Wall. Cat. 
 6356. Sclerostylis atalantioides, W. & A. Prodr. 93, not of Wight Ic.l\\ Helie atalan- 
 tioides, Poem. Synops.fasc. 42. A. buxifolia, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Sujypl. ii. 
 26. — A Chinese plant, erroneously supposed to have been introduced into the Calcutta 
 Botanic Garden from Coromandel by Dr. Berry. 
 
 L. ? FLAvicANS, Wall. Herb., from Taong-dong in Ava, a plant without flower or 
 fruit, is not Aurantiaceous, but I cannot tell what it is. 
 
 L. OBLONOA, Wall. Cat. 6359 ; an imperfect specimen without flower or fruit, may be 
 Paramignya Griffithii. The leaves are 3-5 in., oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 
 and as well as the slender branchlets finely pubescent beneath ; spines short. 
 
 L. PENTAOYNA, Poxb., is Bursera serrata, Wall., according to Kurz in Journ. As. 
 Soc. Bengal, 1870, pt. 2, 70. 
 
 L. RETUSA, Don Prodr. 224, is probably Trijihasia trifoliata. 
 
 18. Z.UVUNGA, Hamilt. 
 
 Glabrous, climbing shrubs, usually armed with axillary spines. Leaves 
 3-folic)late ; leaflets coriaceous quite entire. Flowers in axillary fascicled or 
 panicled racemes. Calyx cupular, entire or obscurely 4-6-lobed. Petals 4-5, 
 
Luvunga.] xxxiii. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 509 
 
 free, linear-oblong, thick, imbricate. Stamens 8 or 10, inserted around a 
 cupular annular or elevated disk ; filaments equal or not, linear-subulate, 
 free or cuneate ; anther linear or linear-oblong. Ovary 2-4-celled ; style 
 stout, deciduous, stigma capitate ; ovules 2 superposed in each cell. Berry 
 large, ellipsoid, with a thick rind, 2-3-seeded. SeexU large, ovoid, testa 
 membranous, nerved; cotyledons equal, oblong, fleshy. — Distkib. About 
 4 species tropical Asiatic. 
 
 1. Zi. scandens, Hanfi. in Wall. Cat 6382 ; leaflets 5-12 in. oblong 
 elliptic-oblong or lanceolate or oblanceolate tip rounded acute or acu- 
 minate, filaments more or less cuneate. Wight III. i. 108 ; Oliv. in Joum. 
 Linn. Soc. v. Saj^pl. ii. 43 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4522. Limonia scandens, Roxh. Fl. 
 Ind. ii. 380. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, Assam, the Khasia Mts., Birma, and Malacca. 
 
 A strong scandent annual glabrous shrub, with woodj flexuous branches, and re- 
 curved spines. Leaves very variable, thickly coriaceous ; petiole 2-5 in., stout, cylin- 
 dric ; leaflets smooth, shortly petioled, nerves very faint, spreading. Cymts panicled 
 or subracemose, short, shortly paduncled, few-flowered. Flowers about fin. diam., very 
 fragrant, white. Calyx with the margin truncate and lobed more or less. Petals 4, 
 fleshy, recurved. Stamens with the filaments sometimes united almost to the top. 
 Ovary 3-4- celled. Berry oblong, size of a pigeon's eg^, yellowish, obscurely 3-lobed, 
 rind smooth, pulp resinous-odoriferous. Seeds 1-3, ovoid, pointed. — The description of 
 the fruit is from Roxburgh. Malacca specimens have much broader and more obtuse 
 leaves than the Silhet and Assam ones. Beddome {Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xlvii. in note) 
 says that this, as well as the following, is abundant in the Western side of the Madras 
 Presidency, but 1 have seen no specimens from thence. 
 
 2. Zi. eleutherandra, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. ii. 258 ; leaflets 
 3-5 in. elliptic or obovate abruptly obtusely acuminate, filaments free. 
 Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. Stq^jJl. ii. 44; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 30. 
 L. Tavoyana, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6383. L. scandens and eleutherandra, 
 Thwaites Enum. 47, 48, 406. ? Triphasia sarmentosa, Blume Bijd. i. 132. 
 
 Western Peninsula, in forests from the Concan southwards; Ceylon, alt. 3-5000 ft., 
 Thwaites, &c. ; ? Tavoy, Gomez. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 Perhaps only a variety of L. scandens, with smaller leaves and fruit and free sta- 
 mens. — Kurz {.lourn. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 69) doubts Blume's T. sarmentosa 
 being this ; but there is a Javan specimen so marked in the Herb, that altogether 
 resembles the Indian. Wallich's specimens of L. Tavoyana have the leaves even 
 larger than those of L. scandens. 
 
 19. TILTLILH/llGUirA, Wight. 
 
 Erect or climbing shrubs, unarmed or with axillary spines. Leaves 
 1-foliolate, the joint often obscure, quite entire, subcoriaceous, persistent. 
 Flowers rather large, axillary, solitary or fascicled. Calgx cupular or 
 small and 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, free, imbricate or rarely induplicate- 
 valvate. Stamens 8-10, inserted round a columnar disk, filaments free 
 linear equal or subequal; anther linear-oblong. Ovar^y 3-5-celled; style 
 elongate, ideciduous ; ovules in each cell solitary or 2 obliquely super- 
 posed. Berry ovoid or subglobose, often contracted at the base, 1-5-seeded, 
 rind thick. Seeds large, oblong, much compressed, testa membranous ; 
 cotyledons fleshy, equal.— Distrib, Species 4, tropical Indian. 
 
 Kurz proposes to join this genus with Atalantia (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, 
 ii. 69), observing that the shape of the anthers cannot be important, that A. missionis 
 has a columnar disk, and that the habit is the same in both genera. All the species of 
 both genera want a careful study and revision with belter materials than I have. 
 
610 xxxTii. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Paramignya. 
 
 * Flowers nearly 1 in. long. Calyx cupular with broad lobes. 
 
 1. P. monophylla, Wight III. i. 109, t. 42 (Micromelum ?) ; spines 
 recurved, leaflet oblong or elliptic with an abruptly acute tip, flowers 1-4 
 equalling or exceeding the pedicels, calyx cupular broadly 4-5-Iobed, 
 stamens 10-12, ovary-cells 3-5 2-ovuled. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. iSoc. v. 
 JSuppl. ii- 41. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 2-5000 ft., /. D. H. ; Bhotan, Booth; Khasia Mts., alt. 
 2-4000 ft. ; Tena8!>erim, Zo66,- Westebn Peniksdla, common ; the Western Forests, 
 from the Conga n southward ; Ceylon. 
 
 A stout climbing evergreen shrub, with strong green flexuous woody branches and 
 hooked axillary spines sometimes nearly an inch long; tips of voun^ shoots and petioles 
 often pubescent. Leajietn 2^-5 in., usually elliptic and rounded at both ends, rarely 
 somewhat obovate, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate and acute or caudate-acuminate, coria- 
 ceous, bright green ; nerves numerous, spreading ; petiole 4-| in. Flowers 1 in. diam., 
 white, fragrant. Petals linear-oblong, very imbricate. Filamtnts linear, flattened, 
 glabrous and hairy. Ovary hairy or glabrous ; style glabrous above ; ovules rarely 
 solitary. Berry ovoid or obuvoid, size of a nut or larger, yellow, odour heavy. Seeds 
 compressed. 
 
 2. P. grandlflora, Oliv. in Jouim. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 42 ; spines 
 short recurved or o, branches and leaves beneath pubescent, leaflet ellintic or 
 ovate-oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate, flowers usually solitary snorter 
 than or equalling the slender 'pubescent or glabrate pedicel, calyx 
 cupular, filaments villous, ovary-cells 5 usually 2-ovuled. Limoiiia grandi- 
 flora, Wall. Cat. 6361. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Tavoy, WaUicJi, Heifer; Sincapore, Lohb. 
 
 A small tree ( W(dllch). Branches slender, terete, sometimes glabrate. I^eaflets 
 2^-4 in., thinly coriaceous, base rounded. Flowers 1 in. long, as large as those of 
 P. moyiophiiUa ; pedicel sometimes longer, with a pair of basal bracteoles. Calyx-lobes 
 rounded, ciliate. Petals linear-oblong. 
 
 * Flotoers about I in. long. Calyx smally with acute teeth. 
 
 3. P. Griffithil, Ilool-. /. ; spines short, branches and leaves glabrous 
 or pubescent, leaflet elliptic or oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate, 
 flowers 1-3, pedicels very short, calyx acutely 5-lobed, filaments longer 
 than the linear-oblong antiiers, ovary-cells 5 2-ovuled. P. citrifolia, Oliv. 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. JSuppl. ii. 42 {not Limonia citrifolia, Roxh.). Citrus 
 scandens, Griff. Notul. iv. 495 ; Jc. PL Ind. Or. t. 587, f. 1. ? Limonia 
 oblonga, Walt. Cat. 6359; and L. missionis. Wall. Cat. 6358 D. & F. 
 
 BiRMA, at the Serpentine Mines and Malacca, Griffith; Mukee hills in Assam, Masters; 
 VEtiV, M'Ldland. PPenano and Sjlhet, WuUich. 
 
 Branches and foliage like that of P. mono2ihylla, hut the flowers are very different, 
 }^-\ in. long, with a small acutely-lobed calyx. Fruit unknown. — Griffith's figure is a 
 great exajrgeratinn, as his specimens prove. Wallich's 6358 D and F are referable to 
 this or the following. 
 
 4. P. citrifolia, Ilool-. f. {not of Oliver) ; glabrous, spines short, leaflet 
 elliptic ovate acute, flowers 1-3, pedicels very short, calyx acutely 5-lobed, 
 filaments much shorter than the linear elongate anther, ovary-cells 5 
 2-ovuled. Limonia citrifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 379. 
 
 Chittagong, Roxburgh. 
 
 Young shoots polished. Xea^fM-5 by 2-3 in., quite entire. Flowers v;h\te, about 
 ^ in. diam. Petals oblong. Filaments quite free. Ovary ovoid-oblong, 5-grooved; 
 style short, thick ; stigma subpeltate. Berry ovoid, pointed, of the colour and ajtpear- 
 ance of a Lime, even to the Httle green cells in the cortex. Seeds 1-4, separated by a 
 
Paramignya\ xxxiii. rutace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 511 
 
 few small dry fibres only which are scarcely to be traced when dry, oblong ; testa mem- 
 branous. — This plant is unknown to me; the description is taken from Koxburgli's 
 Flora Indica and drawings. Prof. Oliver referred to it the preceding species, which 
 differs in the form of the stamens, and (if Roxbursch's figure of the ovary is correct) in 
 wanting a style, but the said figures resemble what an ovary would be were the style 
 fallen away. 1 refer it to Paragmignya from the long anther and pointed fruit. Kurz 
 has pointed out that Oliver's P. citrifolia and Grififith's Citrus scandens cannot both 
 be the same as Roxburgh's Limonia citrifolia (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, Pt. 2, 69). 
 
 5. P. long>ispina, Hook f. ; glabrous, spines long straight, leaflet 
 oblong subacute, liowers solitary small, pedicel very short, calyx 5-toothed, 
 filaments short equalling the linear anthers, ovary-cells 3-4 4-ovuled, fruit 
 3-4-angled. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches stout ; spines opposite and alternate, straight, sometimes 2 in. long. Leaf- 
 let 3-4 in., base cordate; petiole very short. Flowers ^ in. long; pedicel very short. 
 Calyx-lobes obtuse. Petals oblong, obtuse. /Stamens 10, equal, glabrous ; anthers as 
 long as the filaments, narrow, with a long apiculus. , Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style 
 stout, cylindric ; ovules superposed in pairs. PVuit l-l^ in. long, between globose stndi 
 ovoid, j)ointed, 3-4-celled ; rind thick, coriaceous, glandular, pulp 0. Seeds 2-4 in each 
 cell, oblong, compressed, narrowed at the base into a short beak. — This description is 
 mainly taken from Maingay's notes. 
 
 6. P. armata, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 43 ; glabrous, 
 spines straight or recurved, leaflet elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely 
 caudate-acuminate, flowers small solitary or fascicled, pedicel very slender, 
 calyx obtusely 4-5-lobed, ovary-cells 3-4 usually 1-ovuled. Arthromischus 
 armatus, Tkwaites Enum. 47. 
 
 Cevlon ; in the hotter parts of the Island, common. 
 
 A scandent shrub ; branches stout or slender, straight or flexuous. Leaflet 2-3 in., 
 base rounded, nerves indistinct ; petiole exceedingly short. Floicers \ in. long, 4-5- 
 merous ; pedicels | in. ; buds obovoid. Calyx minute. Petals oblong, very much im- 
 bricated. Filaments linear-subulate, pilose ; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary hairy ; 
 style long, cylindric, stigma dilated. Fruit ^| in. diam., subglobose, pulpy, yellow, 
 l-4-8eeded. 
 
 20. ATAIiANTXA, Correa. 
 
 Unarmed or spinous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, 1-foliolate, cori- 
 aceous, persistent, quite entire or crenulate ; stipule-like scales are often 
 present at the base of the petioles and spines, which belong to undeveloped 
 leaf-buds. Flowers axillary rarely terminal, fascicled or in short racemed 
 corymbs or panicles, rarely solitary. Calyx 3-5-lobed or -partite, rarely 
 irregularly split. Petals 3-5, free or adnate to the stamens and united with 
 them into a tube, imbricate. Stamens 6-8, rarely 15-20, inserted round an 
 annidar or cupular disk, filaments free or irregularly connate subequal or 
 the alternate shorter ; anthers short, ovate-oblong or base cordate (linear- 
 oblong in A. missionis). Ovary 2- or 4- rarely 3- or 5-celled ; style deci- 
 duous, stigma capitate ; ovules solitary or 2 collateral in each cell. Berry 
 large, subglobose, 1-5-celled, 1-5-seeded, rind thick. Seeds oblong ; 
 cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex. — Distkib. Species about 10, tropical 
 Asiatic and 1 Australian. 
 
 * AntJiers broadly ovoid. Chary sessile on a short disk ; stigma clavate. 
 t Calyx irregularly lohed, skylit to the base on one side. 
 1. A. monopliylla, Con-ea ; DC. Prodr. i. 535 ; leaflet elliptic or 
 ovate-oblong, tip obtuse or 2-lobed, flowers fascicled or shortly racemed, 
 
512 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 calyx in flower or after it irregularly split to the base, margin erose 
 scarious, filaments monadelphous, ovary usually 4-celled, ovules 1 or 2. 
 W. & A. Frodr. 91 ; Wight III. i. 108; Wall. Cat. 6353; Oliv. in Joum, 
 Linn. Soc. v. Sujjpl. ii. 24 ; Dalz. d- Gihs. Bonib. Flor. 28 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. 
 Anal. Gen. xlvi. t. 7, f. 5. A. floribunda, Wight. let. 1611. A. platystigma, 
 Wight lU. i. 108. Limonia monophylla, Linn. ; Roxh. Cor. PI. i. t. 82 ; Fl. 
 Ind. ii. 378. Turraea virens, UeUen. in Act. Holm. 1788, t. 10, f. i. {not of 
 Linn.). 'lYichilia spinosa, Willd. ; DC. Frodr. i 623. — Rheede Hoi't. Mai. 
 iv. t. 12 ; Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 65, £ i. 
 
 SiLHET, at the foot of the Khasia Mts., H. f. & T. ; throughout the Western 
 Peninsula, from the Concan and Coromandel southwards ; Ceylon, not uncommon 
 towards the N. of the Ishind. 
 
 A large glabrous shrub or small tree, with rigid flexuous woody branches (the tips 
 often pubescent), and usually strong axillary single spines. Leaflet 1-3 in,, ovate- 
 oblong or elliptic, obtuse, notched or 2-lobed at the tip, coriaceous, bright green, quite 
 entire ; petiole very short, often pubescent, stipular scales subulate. Flowers \-\ in. 
 diam., always fascicled in the leaf-axils, pubescent ; pedicels |-4 in., minutely brac- 
 teolate ; buds subglobose or pyriform. Calyx ruptuiing irregularly. Petals obovate- 
 oblong, obtuse. Filaments 8, rarely 5-7, connate into an irregularly cleft tube, which 
 is antheriferous at the top ; anthers broadly cvoid. Ovary sessile on a small disk, 
 3-5-celled. Berry as large as a nutmeg, globose, like a lime, usually 4-celled ; cells 
 1-seeded. — Roxburgh describes the flowers, as shortly racemose, and calyx as 4-5-parted, 
 which does not agree with our specimens from the Peninsula. 
 
 Var. macrophyUa, Oliv. I.e. ; leaves larger and broader, flowers racemose, pedicels 
 stout compressed (flowers not seen), — Tenasserim, Heifer. 
 
 Var, carissoides, Oliv. I.e. ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, pedicels longer hairy. 
 A. carissoides, Wall. Cat. 6354. — Segaen on the Irrawaddy, Wallich. 
 
 ft Calyx regularly or suhregularly 4-5-lobed. 
 
 2. A. racemosa* IF. d^ A. Frodr. 91 ; leaflet oblong elliptic or ovate 
 oblong, lip obtuse or 2-lobed, flowers racenied rarely fascicled, racemes 
 pubescent or glabrous, ciilyx 4-lobed, lobes acute or obtuse, filaments more 
 or less connate, ovary 2-3-celled, ovules 2 collateral. Oliv. in Jonm. Linn. 
 /Soc. V. Sffppl. ii. 24 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xlvi. A. capitellata, Lindl. 
 in Wall Cat. 6355. Sclerostylis racemosa, parvifolia and ovalifulia, Wight 
 III. i. 109. S. atalantioides, Wight Ic. 71. Lampetia (;«o< of W. d A. Frodr.) 
 racemosa, Roein. iSynops. fasc. L 42? Limonia ? niis.sionis. Wall. Cat. 6358 E. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Concan to Travancor ; Cevlon, at Galagame, 
 Gardner. 
 
 A small tree, armed or unarmed, very similar to A. monophylla, but the flowers, in- 
 stead of being long pedicelled in short racemes or fascicles, are shortly pedicelled on 
 racemes sometimes 3 in, long, but at others almost reduced to corymbs; the leaves are 
 u.sually larger, and often broader, though quite small in Wight's figure ; the flowers are 
 of the same size, but often very crowded and the buds very globose, they are usually 
 4- but sometimi^s 3-5-merous, and the filaments are free or variously united ; the ovary 
 is sessile on a small disk, — The great distinction between these species is in the more 
 or less regularly 4- (3-5-) lobed calyx ot this, the lobes of which are acute or obtuse. 
 Fruit globose, f in, diam. One of Wight's specimens has ovate leaves, cordate at the 
 base. Wallich 's 6358 E, from Penang (G. Porter), in fruit only, with leaves cordate at 
 the base, may be this or the following, or something different from both. 
 
 3. A. ceylanica, Olir. in Jo>f?m. Linn. Soc. v. Snjypl. ii, 25 ; leaflet 
 obtuse notched or 2-lobed rarely obtusely acuminate, flowers very shortly 
 racemed, calyx 4-lobed, filaments free or 2 or 3 of them more or less com- 
 bined, ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 collateral. Thwaites Enum. 405; Bedd. 
 Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xlvi. Rissoa zeylanica, Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. 
 
Atalantia.] xxxiii. rutace2E. (J. D. Hooker.) 513 
 
 Cur. xviii, 324. Sclerostylis zeylanica, Wight III. i. 109 ; Thwaites Enum. 46. 
 S. Arnottia^na, Wight III. I.e. 
 
 Western Peninsular Phoondah Ghat, in the Concan, Bitchie; Nilghiris, Beddome ; 
 Ceylon, common in the warmer parts of the island; ? Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 A bush or small tree, unarmed or armed with very straight spines, \-\ in. long. 
 Leaflet extremely variable, 1-7 in., elliptic-obloiig ovate-oblong obovate or almost lan- 
 ceolate, simply obtuse or with an emarginate or 2-lobed tip. Bacemes rarely exceeding 
 I in. Flowers quite similar to those of A. racemosa, and on equally short pedicels ; 
 buds globose. Ovary sunk in the annular disk. — The Malacca specimens have no 
 flowers, the leaf is 5-6 in., elliptic-lanceolate, more attenuate at the obtuse entire tip, 
 and the globose fruit | in. diam. when dry. 
 
 Var. rotundlfoUa, Oliv. I.e. ; Thwaites, Enum. 405 ; leaves rounded or obovate or 
 everi obcordate. Sclerostylis rotundifolia, Thwaites, I.e. 46. — Ceylon, at Maturatte, 
 alt. 4000 ft. and upwards, Thwaites. 
 
 4. A. caudata, Hook./.; leaflet elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate 
 with a broad 2-lobed tip, flowers small in very sliort glabrous racemes, 
 calyx very small 4-5lobed, ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 collateral. A. Eox- 
 burghiana, Ohv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 25. Limonia? caudata, 
 Wall. mss. in Herb. Hook. 
 
 Khasia Mts., at Churra, alt. 4000 ft., H.f.'S T. (Hort. Bot. Calc. Wallich). 
 
 A glabrous unarmed shrub, with slender branches. Leaflet 3-4 in., much narrower 
 and more narrowed at each end than in any congener, margin quite entire, tip some- 
 times dilated. Bacemes ^ in., peduncles and pedicels much more slender than in its 
 congeners. Flowers |-^ in. diam., white, fragrant, usually 4-merous, buds rather 
 longer than broad. Calyx very small. .Petals obovate-oblong. Stamens quite free ; 
 anthers ovoid. Ovary sessile on a disk narrower than itself; stigma siibcapitate. — A 
 very distinct species, distributed as S. Boxburghiana f by T. Thomson and myself. 
 
 5. A. Roxburg^hiana, Hook./, {not of Oliver) ; leaflet elliptic-lanceolate 
 acute, racemes axillary short few-flowered, calyx 4-lobed, filaments free, 
 ovary 2-celled. Arayris simplicifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 244. Sclerostylis 
 Eoxburghii Wight Ic. t. 72. 
 
 Penang, Boxburgh ; ? Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 Branches slender, apparently without spines. Leaflet 4-5 in., narrowed at both 
 ends, subacute, nerved exactly as in all its congeners {except L. missionis)\ petiole 
 \ in. Bacemes 1 in., 5-6-flowered. Flowers nearly | in. diam., buds globose. Calyx 
 obtusely 4-lobed. Petals obovate. Filaynents free short subulate ; anthers ovoid-oblong. 
 Ovary ovoid, apparently sessile ; the disk not being represented in Roxburgh's drawing 
 tapering into a toothed stigma (probably incorrectly figured) ; cells with 2 collateral, 
 ovules in each. Berry (in Griffith's specimen) globose, | in. diam. wben dry. — A -very 
 little known plant, of which there is a figure amongst Roxburgh's drawings (copied by 
 Wight in his Icones), and with which I provibionally identify a fruiting specimen of a 
 Malacca plant collected by Griffith. 
 
 ■** A nthers linear-oblong. Ovary stipitale. 
 
 6. A. xnissionis, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl, 25 ; leaflet oblong- 
 obovate or elliptic opaque margin undulate when dry articulation obsolete 
 nerves very obscure, racemes very short, calyx 4-5-lobed, ovary usually 
 4-celled, stigma capitate, oviiles 2 collateral. Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Atial. 
 Gen. xlvi. Limonia missionis, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 291 ; Suppl. 
 t. xxxiii; Ic. t. 175; W. (p A. Prodr. 92. L. 1 missionis, Wall. Cat. 6358, 
 A, B, C. Chilocalyx ellipticus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. JVat. Mosc. 1863, 
 688. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Redhills, .Madras, and other places on both sides of the Presir 
 dency. Ceylon, in the hotter parts. 
 
 VOL. L Ji L 
 
/ 514 . XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Atalantia. 
 
 A small tree, head bushy ; branches green, terete, the old with long sharp- thorns, 
 the young with two axillary ones. Leaflet 2-4 in., very thick and coriaceous, tip 
 rounded, margin sometimes crenulate, both surfaces alike and of a very opaque and 
 ashy green when dry, with a few very obscure horizontal nerves not reticulated like the 
 other species, green mottled with white when fresh ; petiole \-^ in., with no trace of 
 articulation. Bacemes |-1^ in., glabrous, 6-8-flowered. Floaers pure white, ^-4 in. 
 diam., buds globose. Calyx very small, lobes acute. Petals obovate. Filaments 
 slender, quite free ; anthers obtuse. Ovary 4-5-celled, narrowed at the base, crowning 
 the disk; style cylindiic. Berry globose, upwards of 1 in. diam., 4-5-celled; cells 
 1-seeded, full of glutinous fluid, iiieeds oblong. — A very distinct and curious species, 
 the texture and nervation of the leaf difler wholly from its congeners, and resemble 
 those of Triphasia. Wight (from whom most of the above description is taken) states 
 that the ovarian cells have several ovules, but this is certainly an error, 
 
 EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 A. ? BIL0CDLAKI8, Wall. Cat 6356 (see after Limonia). 
 
 21. CITZtVS, Linn. ' ^ 
 
 Shrubs or trees, usually spinous. Leaver alternate, 1-foliolale, coriaceous, 
 persistent ; petiole often winged. Flowers axillary, solitary fascicled or in 
 small cymes, white or pinkish, sweet-scented. Calyx cupular or urceolate, 
 3-5-fid. Petals 4-8, linear-oblong, thick, imbricate.' iStameiis 20-()0, in- 
 serted round a large cupular or annular disk ; filaments variously connate, 
 compressed at the base; anthers oblong. Ovary 00 -celled; style stout 
 deciduous, stigma capitate; ovules 4-8, 2-seriate in each cell. Berry 
 large, oblong or globose, fleshy, many-celled, septa membranous, cells few- 
 seeded and filled with horizontal fusiform cells distended with juice. 
 iSeeds horizontal or pendulous, testa coriaceous or membranous; embryo 
 sometimes 2 or more in one seed, cotyledons plano-convex, often un- 
 equal, radicle small, superior. — Distrib. About 5 tropical Asiatic species, 
 and 2 Australian. 
 
 C. japonica, Thunb. (C. inermis, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 393), the Kumquat, is not cul- 
 tivated in India. I have followed Dr. Brandis's excellent work closely in regard to the 
 forms of this difticult genus. 
 
 1. C* medica, Linn. ; young shoots glabrous purple, leaflet glabrous, 
 
 flowers often unisexual, petals generally more or less pink, fruit globose 
 
 ovoid or oblong often mamillate at the apex. 
 
 ,_^ Valleys along the foot of the Himalaya from Garwhal to Sikkim, ascending to 
 
 -*'»4000 ft.; the Khasia Mts. ; G arrow Mt.s,, Boxburgh; Chittagono, H. f. <& T. ; 
 
 untl the Western Ghats and Satpura range in Central India. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, flowering and fruiting at most seasons, growing where I found 
 it on steep hill sides (in iSikkim). Leaflet 3-6 in., elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate; 
 petiole naked or winged. Flowers 5-10 in a raceme, small or middle-sized. Stamens 
 20-40. — The following are the principal varieties, of which I have found one truly 
 wild in Sikkim, with an oblong leaflet 4 in. long,' margined petiole, |)ink flowers 1 in. 
 long, narrowly ellipsoid, rough fruit 7 in. long, of which the upper 2 in. are contracted 
 into a long conical mamilla, the rind is very thick, and pulp pale yellow. The petals 
 pass into stamens, which would suggest its not being indigenous, but 1 did not doubt 
 Its being so when 1 gathered it, mainly on dry sunny slopes totally unsuited for any 
 kind of cultivation, where it formed large bushes. 
 
 Var. 1. medica proper ; leaflet oblong, petiole short margined or not, flowers usually 
 numerous, fruit large oblong or obovoid, mamilla obtuse, rind usually warted thick 
 tender aromatic, pulp scanty subacid. Brandis For. Flor. 52. C. Aurantium car. 
 medica, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. medica, Li7in.; Wall. Cat. 6387; Lalz. & Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 13.— The Citron, 
 
Oitrtis.] XXXIII. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 515 
 
 Vab. 2. Limoniim ; leaflet ovate, petiole margined or winged, fruit middle-sized 
 ovoid yellow mamillate, rind thin', pulp abundant acid. Brandis, I.e. 52. C. Auran- 
 tium var. Limonuni, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. Limonum, Wall. Cat. 6389 ; Dalz. & 
 Gibs. Bomb. M. /Suppl. 13. C. medica, Willd. according to Boxburgh Fl. Ind. iii. 392. 
 — The Lemon. 
 
 Vak. 3. acida; leaflet elliptic-oblong, petiole many-times shorter than the leaflet 
 linear or obovate, racemes short, flowers small, petals usually 4, fruit usually small 
 globose or ovoid, witli a thick or thin rind, pulp pale sharply acid. Brandis, I.e. 52. 
 C. acida, Boxb. Fl Jnd. iii. 390 (who includes under this the varieties, if not species, 
 of Sour Limes ^nd Lemons found in India). The large fruited states of this appear to 
 assume the form of the Citroh, and the small to approach the W. Indian Lime, 
 which is, however, described as a bush with white flowers. — The Sour Lime of India. 
 
 Var. 4. Limetta; leaves and flowers as in var. acida, fruit globose 3-5 in. diam., 
 rind thin smooth, juice abundant sweet not aromatic, Brandis, I.e. 52. C. Aurantium 
 vars. Limetta and Lumia, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. Limetta, Risso ; Dalz. & Gibs. 
 Bomb. FL Suppl. 13 ; Wight Ic. t. 958; Walt. Cat. 6385.— This includes 2 of Wight 
 & Arnott's varieties, viz., (1) C. Limetta, Kisso (Sweet Lime), with winged or margined 
 petioles, small white flowers, globose or ovoid mamillate fruit, and a rind with concave 
 vesicles. G. Limetta, DC. ; Wall. Cat. 6385. G. Limonellus, Wall. Cat. 6386 ? (2) 
 C. Lumia, Kisso (Sweet Lemon), with a simply margined petiole, flowers tinged with 
 red, ovoid-oblong fruit with a long mamilla, and rind with convex vesicles. — Wight 
 says that his C. Limetta is certainly indigenous at Kolagbery in the Nilghiris. — The 
 Sweet Lime of India. 
 
 2. C. Aurantium, Linn. ; arboreous rarely shrubby, young shoots 
 glabrous greenish white, leaflet elliptic or ovate acute obtuse or acumi- 
 nate, petiole often broadly winged, flowers pure white bisexual, fruit globose 
 generally oblate not mamillate. 
 
 Hot valleys along the foot of the Himalaya, from Garwhal eastwards to Sikkim, and 
 in the Khasia Mts. 
 
 A small slender tree, flowering in the rains, and fruiting after them, growing where 
 I have found it in the very bottoms of valleys, and where it did not occur to me to doubt 
 its being indigenous. The fruit was somewhat flattened or nearly globose, about 2 in. 
 diam. , high coloured, and uneatable, being (if I remember aright) mawkish and bitter. 
 The following are the principal cultivated varieties : — • 
 
 Var. 1. Aurantium proper ; petiole naked or winged, pulp sweet yellow rarely red. 
 Brandis, For. FL 53. C. Aurantium, L.; Roxb. FL Lnd. iii. 392 ; W. & A. Prodr,, 
 97 ; Wall Cat. 6390 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL Sup>pL 12. —The Sweet Orange. 
 
 Vak. 2. Bigaradia; petiole usually winged, flowers larger and more strongly scented, 
 rind very aromatic, pulp bitter. Brandis, I.e. b^. C. vulgaris, -Smo; W.dsA.Prodr. 
 97 ; Wall.^ Cat. 6384 ; Wt. le. t. 957. C. buxifolia, Pom— Wight & Arnott describe 
 its oil vesicles as concave, in contradistinction to C. Aurantium, in which they are 
 convex. This variety does not seem to be cultivated in India, except in gardens. — 
 The Bitter or Seville Orange. 
 
 Var, 3. Bergamia ; flowers small very ^sweet-scented, fruit globose or pyriform, 
 rind smooth pale-yellow, pulp acidulous with pleasant aroma. Brandis, I.e. 54. C. 
 Aurantium, var. Bergamia, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. Limetta var., DC. Prodr. i. 539. 
 Earely cultivated in India. — The Bergamotte Orange. 
 
 3. C. Kystrix, DO. Prodr. i. 539 ; young shoots glabrous, leaflet ovate 
 elliptic or lanceolate equalling or smaller than the very broad petiole, 
 flowers small white, fruit globose or obovoid. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 
 Beng. xxxix. pt. 2, p. 70. Citrus Papeda^ Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 530. 
 C. latipes. Hook. f. ^ Tho-fns. Herb. Ind. Or. Papeda Rumphii, Oat. Hort. 
 Bog. 216.— Bumjjh. Herb. Amboin. ii. t. 26, f. 1 & 3, 27, 28. 
 
 Khasia Mts. ; in woods at the Living bridge, Moflong and Myrung, alt. 2-5000 ft.- 
 DisTRiB. Sumatra. ^^^ 
 
 A very little-known plant described by Dec^dolj^^^ a plant in the Montpellier 
 
 LL2 
 
 lo nqng ana 
 )]|^^» a 
 
516 XXXIII. RUTACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Citrus. 
 
 Botanic Gardens, without flower or fruit, and of which I have se^n diied specimens ; as 
 I have also flowering ones from the Mauritius Gardens, all named 0. Hiistrix. Kurz 
 has, no doubt rightly, identified Rumpli's figures quoted above with this plant. Distin- 
 guished from C. Aurantium by the spinous branchlels, large petioles, and small flowers 
 which are 4-petalouB. The fruit varies from the size of a walnut to that of a small 
 apple, it has a very thick more or less tubercled rind and insipid or acid pulp. Kurz, 
 probably by a misprint, describes the flowers as 4-5-androus, Miquel says 24-androu8; 
 I find in Mauritius specimens about 15 stamens. 
 
 4. C. decutnana, Linn. ; young shoots pubescent, leaflet large ovate- 
 oblong frequently emarginate pubescent beneath, petiole broadly w^nged, 
 flowers large white, stamens 16-24, fruit large pale globose or pyriform, 
 rind thick, pulp pale sweet or acrid. Hoxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 393 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. 
 Bomb. FL Suppl. 12 ; Wail. Cat. 6388. 
 
 Commonly cultivated in India. A native of the Malayan and Polynesian Islands. 
 
 A tree, 30-40 ft. Leaflets 6-9 in. 'Fruit often very large, pulp yellow pink or 
 crimson, sweet or acrid, vesicles distinct, — Shaddock, Pumelo, Pompelmoes. 
 
 22. FSaONXA, Gaertn. 
 
 A spinous tree. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite, sub- 
 sessile, quite entire ; petiole winged or uot. Flowers in terminal or lateral 
 loose panicles or racemes, polygamous. Calyx small^ flat, 5-to()thed, deci- 
 duous. Petals 5, rarely 4-6, spreading, imbricate. ^Stmneiis 1C)-12, a few 
 sometimes imperfect, inserted around a short disk, filaments dilated, sides 
 and front villous, tip subulate ; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary obhmg, 
 5-6-celled, at length 1-celled ; style 0, stigma oblong fusiform deciduous ; 
 ovules OD, crowded in many series upon 5-6 at length parietal j)lacentas. 
 Fruit large, globose, 1-celled, cc -seeded, bark woody rough. *yw(/s buried 
 in pulp, oblong, compressed ; cotyledons thick, fleshy, radicle pointing 
 away from the hilum. 
 
 1. F. Elephantum, Coirea; Roxb, Cor. PL t. 141 ; Flor, Ind. ii. 411 ; 
 W. d^ A. Prodr.m; Wt. Ic. t. 15; JJalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. FL 30; WalL 
 Cat 6380 ; Brandis For. Flor. 56. Crataeva Vallanga, Koenig viss. 
 
 Throughout India, in dry situations, from the Pan.ia« eastward and southward to 
 Ceylon; wild or cuUivated, ascending to 1500 ft. in the VV. Himalayas. 
 
 A small deciduous glabrous tree, head ovoid. .Leaves smelling of aniseed ; spines 
 Bti'ong straight axillary. Z^ea/?cf« 5-7, cuneate of obovate, tip crenate. Flowers ^'m. 
 diani., dull-red, <J and 9 often in the same panicle; peduncle and pedicels pubescent. 
 Fruit 24 in. diam., pulp edible. — The Elephant or Wood-apple. 
 
 23. HSSXiS, Correa. 
 
 Spinous trees. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate ; leaflets membranous, sub- 
 crenulate. Flotvers large, white, in axillary panicles. Calyx small, 
 4-5-toothed, deciduous. Petals 4-5, spreading, imbricate. Stamens nume- 
 rous, inserted round an inconspicuous disk, filaments short subulate; 
 anthers elongate, erect. Ovary ovoid, axis broad, cells 8-20, peripheral ; 
 style short, i^tigma capitate oblong or fusiform deciduous, ovules numerous 
 2-seriate. Fruit large, globose, ovoid or reniforra, 8-15-celled ; cells many- 
 seeded, rind woody. Seeds numerous, in aromatic pulp, oblong, com- 
 pressed, testa woolly and mucous.— Distkib. Species 2-3, tropical Asiatic 
 and African. 
 
 1. /i.. r.Tarm3los, Correa: Roxb. Cor. PL t. 143; FL Ind. ii. 579; 
 W. d: A. Prodr. 96 j Wight" Ic. t. 16 ; Beddome FL Sylv. 1. 161 ; Wall. Cat 
 
JEffle,] XXXIII. RUTACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 517 
 
 6379 ; Dalz. <k Gils. Bomb. Flor. 31 ; Brandis For. Flor. 57. Feronia 
 pellucida, Roth. Nov. Sj). 384. Crataeva Marmelos, Linn. C. religiosa, 
 Ainslie Mat. Med. Ind. {fid. Wight) not of Vahl. — RheedeHort. Mai. iii, t. 35. 
 
 Throughout India, in dry hilly places, from the Jhelum to Assam and southwards to 
 Travancor ; wild or cultivated, ascending to 4000 ft. in the W. Himalaya. 
 
 A small deciduous glabrous tree ; spines 1 in., straight, strong, axillary. Leaflets 
 3-5, ovate-lanceolate, lateral sessile, terminal, long-petioled. Flowers 1^ in. diam,, 
 greenish-white, sweet-scented ; pedicels and calyx pubescent. Filaments sometimes 
 fascicled. Fruit 2-5 in. diam., globose oblong or pyriform, rind grey or yellow ; pulp 
 sweet, thick, ofange-coloured. — A species or variety with oblong fruit is grown in Birma, 
 of which I have seen the fruit only. — The Bael tree. 
 ( 
 
 At p. ?)C^?> Dr. ]\TaKtcrs has referred Heritiera attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1140, to Rutacecp, 
 as a species of Niota. That genus is however now merged in Samadera in Sima- 
 rubecR. WaUich's plant, of which the specimens are imperfect, may be certainly \(ien- 
 ti&ed with Broumtowia lanceolata, Benth. Steudel, quoting from Wall. Cat. p. 157, 
 the ras. name Niota f polyandra, has misread the authority H. Ham. (Herb. Ham.) as 
 W. & A., and has further referred the plant to Vittmannia. 
 
 Order XXXIV. SIMARUBE^. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs, almost always with bitter bark. Leaves alternate, often 
 very large, pinnate or rarely simple ; stipules or deciduous. Lnfiorescence 
 axillary, racemose paniculate or cymose, rarely spicate. Flowers usually, 
 diclinous, regular, and generally small. Calyx 3-5-lobed, valvate or im- 
 bricate. Petals 3-5, very rarely 0, hypogynous, valvate or imbricate. Disk 
 annular or elongate, simple or lobed, rarely 0. Stamens as many or twice as 
 many as the petals, rarely indefinite, inserted at the base of the disk ; fila- 
 ments free, often with a scale at the base ; anthers oblong, usually introrse, 
 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary free, 1-6-celled, usually deeply 
 lobed, less often entire ; styles 2-5, free or more or less united, stigmas 
 capitate ; ovules usually solitary in each cell, rarely more numerous, raphe 
 ventral, micropyle superior. Fruit drupaceous, capsular, or occasionally 
 samaroid, usually of 2-6 distinct carpels. Seeds usually solitary, erect or 
 pendulous, albuminous ; embryo straight or curved, radicle superior. — 
 DiSTRiB. Tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres ; genera 30 ; 
 species about 120. 
 
 Tribe I. Eusixnarubeae. Ovary deeply divided. 
 
 Ovules solitary in each cell. 
 
 Stamens twice as many as petals. 
 
 Leaves pinnate ; fruit samaroid 1. Ailantl'S. 
 
 Leaves simple ; fruit drupaceous, variously winged .... 2. SAMArr.nA. 
 
 Stem spiny ; filaments with a scale ; fruit baccate 3, IlAiuti.'iV.NK^. 
 
 Stamens as many as petals. 
 
 Disk thick, entire ; flowers panicled ; styles connate .... 4. Picrasma. 
 
 Disk 4-lobed ; flowers compoundly cymose ; styles nearly free . 5. Bkucka. 
 
 Disk ; flowers panicled ; styles connate 6. Ki;uYt;oMA. 
 
 Ovules 2 in each cell ; leaves simple 7. Suriana. 
 
 Tribe IL Ficramniese. Ovary entire ; 2-5-celled. 
 
 Ovary 2-celled ; leaves simple 8. Irvingia. 
 
 Ovary 5-celled ; stem spiny ; leaves 2-foliolate 9. Balanites. 
 
618 xxxiv. siMARUBEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Ailantus. 
 
 1. AZZ.ANTUS, Desf. 
 
 Lofty trees. Leaves very large, alternate, unequally pinnate. Flowers 
 small, polygamous, bracteolate, in terminal or axillary panicles. Calyx 
 5-fid ; lobes equal, imbricate. Petals 5, valvate. Bisk 10-lobed. Stamens 
 10 (in the hermaphrodite flowers 2-3) ; filaments short or filiform, without 
 scales. Ovary 2-5-partite; styles connate; ovules 1 in each cell, semi- 
 anatropous. Fruit of 1-5 1-seeded samaras ; wing very large, membranous. 
 Seed, pendulous, sparingly albuminous. — DiSTRia India, China, Australia ; 
 species 3-4. 
 
 A.' GLANDULOSA, Desf. / DC. Prodr. ii. 89 ; leaves pubescent or sub- 
 glabrous, leaflets very coarsely toothed at the base, filaments elongate. 
 Brandis Fm\ Flor. 58. 
 
 Northern India, probably introduced. — Distrib. China. 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves often exceeding 1 ft. ; leaflets very numerous, divided verj^ un- 
 equally by the midrib, paler beneath. Flowers small, in much-branched panicles. 
 Filaments filiform, exserted, several times exceeding the anther. Fruit of about 3 
 membranous Hnear^blong samaras, about 1 J by ^ in. Seed near the centre of the 
 samara, about 4 by -|^ in. 
 
 1. A. ezcelsa, KoxK C(yr. PI. i. t 23 ; Fl. Ind. ii. p. 450 ; leaves 
 glandular-hairy, leaflets very coarsely toothed, filaments short, samara 
 large red twisted. DC. Prodr. ii. 89: W. d' A. Prodr, 150: Wi{fht Jll. i. 
 t. 67; Gra/i. Cat. Bomb. PI. 37; Dalz. <i; Gibs. Bomb. Fl. .46; Wall. 
 Cat. 8481 ; Brandis For. Flor. 58. 
 
 N. W. India (probably introduced) ; Behar, and Western Peninsdla.^Distrib, 
 Queensland (var. imherhijlora). 
 
 A tree 60-80 ft. Leaves 1 ft. or more ; leaflets very numerous, on long petioles, very 
 unequal at the base. Flowers larger than in A. glandulosa, on longish pedicels, in large 
 lax often very much-branched panicles. Petals ovate-lanceolat-e, commonly reflexed. 
 Filaments half the length of the anther. Samara larger than in A. glandulosa, 2 in. 
 by 4 in., strongly veined, blunt or pointed at both ends, copper-red, always once or twice 
 twibted at the base. 
 
 2. A. xnalabarica, DC. Prodr. il 89 ; leaflets almost entire nearly 
 glabrous on long petioles very unequal at the base, filaments filiform,' 
 samara large rounded, W. (t' A. Prodr. 150; Wight let. 1604; Jlnoaiies 
 En am. 69 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 37 ; Dalz. d' Gibs'. Bomk Fl. 46 ; Bedd. Fl. 
 Sylv. t. 122 ; Brandis For. Flor. 6^—PJieede Uort. Mai. vi. t. 15. 
 
 Western Peninsula, in Canara, &c. ; Ceylon, near Colombo, and district of the 
 Seven C'orles. — Distrib. Cochin China. 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves very large ; leaflets distant, coriaceouB, much lighter beneath , 
 the two sides very unequal, margin often thickened and wavy. Flowers as in A. excelsa, 
 but rather larger, and filaments very slender, exserted, many times longer than the 
 anther. Samara broadly linear, '2^ by 4 in,, reddish, not twisted, rounded at both ends. 
 
 2. SAMADERA, Gsertn. 
 
 Larger or smaller glabrous trees. Leaves simple. Flowers hermaphrodite, 
 in peduncled axillary or terminal umbels. Calyx small, 3-5-partite, im- 
 bricate. Petals 3-5, much longer than calyx, coriaceous, imbricate. Disk 
 large, conical. Stamens 8-10, included in the corolla, with a small scale at 
 the base. Carpels 4-5, distinct, free ; styles free at the bjisc, more or less 
 united above, stigmas acute ; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit of 1-5 
 large dry compressed 1-seeded drupes, each with a narrow unilateral wing. 
 —Distrib. Tropical Asia and Madagascar. Species 3. 
 
Samadera!\ xxxiv. siMARUBEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 619 
 
 1. S. indica, Gcertn. Frut. ii. t. 156; leaves elliptic-lanceolate fleshy, 
 unihols many -flowered on very long peduncles equalling the leaves,, fruit 
 .coriaceous glabrous smooth or slightly reticulated. Wight HI. t. 68 ; W.(& A. 
 Prodr. 151 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 37 ; Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 7 ; Planch, in 
 Hook. Land. Journ. Bat. v. 562 ; Thwaites Enum. 70. Niota pentapetala, 
 Poir. in Lamk. Diet. iv. 490 ; JJC. Prodr. i. 592. N. tetrapetala, Lamk. HI. 
 t. 299, p. 436 ; Poir. in Lamk. Diet. iv. 490 ; Blanc. Flor. Filip. ed. 2, 
 p. 213; Wall. Cat. 6349. N. Lamarckiana, Blume Bijd. 251, 260. Vitt- 
 mannia elliptica, Vahl Symb. iii. t. 62. Manungala pendula, Blanc. Flor. 
 Filip. p. S06.—Pheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 18. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; throughout the S, Concan, and Malabar. Ceylon, not un- 
 common in the South of the Island. 
 
 A small tree, 30-35 ft., with stout branches. Leaves 8 by 3 in. or larger, blunt, with 
 short thick petioles. Flowers numerous, shortly stalked, in dense umbels. Calyx small, 
 thick, ciliated, persistent in fruit. Petals narrowly oblong, often apiculate. Stamens 
 twice as many as petals ; filaments very long, with a scale at the base. Ovary 
 usually 4-celled. Fridt oval, 1^ by 1 in. — There appears to be no reason for identifying, 
 with Lamk. and DC, this with the Madagascar species. 
 
 2. S. lucida, Wall. Cat. 1062; and Plant. As. Ear. ii. t. 168; peduncle 
 of umbel shorter than the leaves, fruit strongly reticulated. Planch, in 
 Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 562. Niota , lucida, \Vcdl. PI. As. Par. ii. t. 168. 
 Vitfmannia lucida, Steud. Nom. 
 
 Tenasserim, Wallich; Andaman Islds., Heifer. 
 
 Very nearly allied to S. indica, and perhaps only a variety. Leaves a paler green, 
 sorfietimes larger and with longer petioles. Umbels sometimes almost sessile. Fruit 
 smaller, pear-shaped, dark-brown, glabrous, with a very narrow wing. 
 
 ^ 3. KARXtlSONIA, Brown. 
 
 Glabrous spiny shrubs. Leaves unequally pinnate or 1-foliolate. 
 Flowers hermaphrodite, in bracteate cymes. Cabjaj small, 4-5-fid. Petals 
 4-5, longer than calyx. Lisk hemispherical. Stamens 8-10, with small 
 scales at the base, Ovarij globose or 4-5-lobed, 4-5-celled ; styles connate 
 or distinct at the base ; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a small globose 
 berry. Seed solitary, sparingly albuminous. — DistriBp Tropical Asia, 
 Australia, and Africa. Species 3-4. 
 
 ' Oliver {Flor. Trap. Afr. i. 311) has shown that the affinities of this genus are rathfgr /^ 
 
 ^ith this tribeo^ the Oraer ib^n with Picramnieoi, in which it is usually placed.^6**"*^ A^^ 
 
 '^^n^. BemStliT Hook f. in Gen. Plant, i. 314 ; leaflets 5-9 entire or 
 
 5tii, Hook.f. 
 
 crenate, calyx f)ersistent, filaments glabrous with a hairy scale at the base, 
 styles completely united hairy. Lasiolepis paucijuga and multijuga, Benn. 
 PI. Jav. Ear. 202, t. 42. L. Bennetii, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 
 V. 570. 
 
 Birma . and Pegu, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Java, Philippines, Siam, S. China, 
 Africa (?) 
 
 A woody shrub, with sharp short recurved spines (stipules ?), especially on the lower 
 part of the branches. Leaflets ovate, glabrous ; racbis broadened and even winged and 
 articulated between the leaflets. Cymes terminal, 8-20-flowered. (7a/?/.r-segment8 
 very small. Petals lanceolate, glabrous. Filaments Xou^ev than petals, 5 rather shorter 
 than the other 5. Berry formed of 2-5 carpels, surrounded by the pert^istent calyx. — 
 A specimen in the Hookerian Herbarium trom Madura, " Herb. Hort. Bot. Calc. No. 
 1794," with the leaves 3-foHolate, appears distinct 
 
 Kurz {Andam. Rep. App. iv.) reports H. Brownii (?) a Philippine species, from 
 " Bird-Nest Cape, obserVed nowhere else, specimens lost.' 
 
530 XXXIV. siMARUBEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Picrasma. 
 
 4. PICRASMA, Blume. 
 
 Trees or shrubs vdih. very bitter properties. Leaves very large, unequally 
 pinnate. Floivers small, diclinous or polygamous, in axillary panicles. 
 Calyx very small, 4-5-tootlied. Petals 4-5, valvate, very often increasing 
 after flowering. Disk thick, entire. Stamens 4-5, not scaly, hairy. Ovary 
 3-5-partite, free ; styles distinct at the base and apex, but united in the 
 middle, stigmas simple ; ovules erect, solitary. Fruit of 1-3 fleshy or 
 coriaceous drupes. Seed erect, albuminous. — Disteib. India, Archipelago, 
 China, Japan, West Indies, Brazil. Species about 6. 
 
 1. P. quassioldes, Benn. PI. Jav. Par. 198 ; leaflets numerous obovate 
 acuminate serrate, flowers polygamous in pubescent panicles, calyx- seg- 
 ments petals and stamens 5, petals persistent in female and hermaplirodite 
 flowers, filaments strap-sbaped equalling the petals villous. Planch, in 
 Hook. Land. Joum. Bot, v. 573; Wall. Cat. 8506. Simaba quassioides, 
 Ham. in Don Prodr. 248. Nima quassioides, Ham. viss. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya; from Jamu to Nu»al, ascending to 8000 ft. in Gabwhal ; 
 Bhotan, Griffith. — Distrib. S. Cbina. 
 
 A large scrambling shrub, with stout often spotted branches and very bitter bark. 
 Leaves a foot or more long, of 9-15 leaflets, the lowest pair much smaller and stipuli- 
 fonu. Flawers green. CWj/.r-segments small, imbricate. Petals ovate or obovate, 
 
 fiuch enlarged and coriaceous in fruit. Fruit of 3-5 rather membranous drupes, about 
 he size of a pea, each containing 1 erect seed. 
 
 2. P. javanlca, Blume Bijd. p. 248 ; leaflets 3-7 elliptic-oblong abruptly 
 obtu-^ely acuminate quite glabrous, margins flat quite entire, tips not above 
 ]^\ the length of the blade, flowers 4-merous. Benn. Flor. Jav. 197, t. 41 ; 
 Planch, in Hook. Loud. Joum. Bot. v. 573. 
 
 Malacca, Maivgay. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A moderate- sized tree, of which there are two fornis (or species) in Java — one with 
 elliptic oblong leaflets and a slightly pubescent panicle, and with which the Malacca 
 specimens agree ; the other with more obovate leaflets and a glabrous panicle. 
 
 Yar.? mishmiensis ; leaflets 5-9, elliptic oblong more coriaceous, drupes larger, ^ in. 
 diam. — Mishmi hills near Jingsha, Griffith. 
 
 3. P. nepalensis, Benn. Flor. Jav. 201 ; leaflets 5-7 elliptic-lanceolate 
 caudate-acuminate quite glabrous, margins waved or wrinkled quite entire, 
 tips i— 3 the length of the blade, flowers 4-merous. Planch, in Hook. Lond. 
 Joum. Bot. V. 573. Brucea? Wall. Cat. 7499. B. dubia, St£ud. Nom. — Inde- 
 terminata, Wall. Cat. 9037 {see under 8500). 
 
 ^ Nii-AL, Wallich; Khas'm Mts., De Silva, Griffith. *^^^^ 
 
 A smaller and narrower leafleled plant than P. javanica, with lo'nge? 'points to the 
 leaves which have wrinkled white edges when dry ; lue branches of the panicle are more 
 slender and the anthers laigcr. 
 
 4. P. andaxnanica, Furz Andam. Rejh Ajrp. iv. ; leaflets elliptic- 
 oblong rounded at the base, abruptly obtusely acuminate quite entire, 
 flowers 4-merous, petals glandular. 
 
 South Andaman Islands, Kvrz. 
 
 A tree with very smooth branches, closely resembling P. javanica. Leaflets vari- 
 able in number, 5 by 2^ in., thinner, and scarcely thickened at the margin, much more 
 rounded at the base and often uneqnilateral. Panicle rather lax, perfectly glabrous. 
 One or more oi the petals of the male flowers with two large glandular dots. Frvit un- 
 known. 
 
 5. BRUCEA, MiU. 
 
 Bitter trees or shrubs. Leaves very large, unequally pinnate. Flowers 
 very small, in very numerous very small cymes collected into axillary 
 
Brucea.] xxxiv. simarube^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 521 
 
 panicles. Calyx minute, 4-partite, imbricate. Petals 4, minute, linear, 
 imbricate. Disk 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted beneath the disk ; filaments 
 naked. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, or consisting of 4 entirely free carpels. 
 Drupes 4, entirely free, ovoid, somewhat fleshy. Seed solitary, exalbu- 
 minous. — Disteib. Africa, Tropical Asia, Australia ; species 6. 
 
 1. 8. suxnatrana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 449 ; leaves very large, leaflets 
 numerous very coarsely toothed villous beneath, panicles very long com- 
 pound, flowers usually hermaphrodite, filaments short. DC. Prodr. ii. 88 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 8482 ; Blume Bijd. 1167. 
 
 Assam; Eastern Peninsula; in Tenasserim and the Andaman Islds., Heifer; 
 Sincapore, Wallich. — Distrlb. Borneo, Sumatra, Java-, Philippines, South China, 
 Australia. 
 
 A shrub with bitter and somewhat foetid properties. Leaves often more than a foot 
 long, covered with a dense yellow pubescence, especially on the veins, &c. beneath, 
 the lowest leaflets sometimes compound. Panicles axillary ; rachis greatly elongated, 
 yellow-pubescent; the minute /oM;er.s collected into small rather distant stalked cymes. 
 Calyx very minute. Petals larger than the calyx-segments, linear-spathulate. Stamens 
 not exceeding petals in length. Drupes ^-g in., black, glabrous, reticulated. 
 
 2. B. mollis, Wall. Cat. 8483 ; leaflets numerous lanceolate-acute entire 
 usually pubescent, racemes compound, drupes ovoid. Kurz in Joum. As. 
 Soc. Beng. xlii. pt. ii. p. 64. 
 
 Subtropical Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 3-6000 ft., Griffith, and 
 SiLHET, Wallich. 
 
 A bitter shrub. Leaflets larger than in B. sumatrana, 3 by 2 in., from pubescent to 
 nearly glabrous. Panicles axillary; rachis pubescent or nearly glabrous; secondary 
 cymes-i often many-flowered. Petals linear, longer than the stamens. Drupes much 
 larger than in B. sumatrana, ^-^ in., brown, glabrous, scarcely reticulated. 
 
 6. EITRVCOPCA, Jack. 
 
 Small trees, with bitter bark. Leaves very large, unequally pinnate, with 
 entire leaflets. Flowers polygamous, in much-branched subterrainal hairy 
 panicles. Calyx minute, 5-toothed, valvate. Petals 5, induplicate-valvate. 
 Disk 0. Stamens in male and hermaphrodite flowers 5, smaller in the 
 latter ; filaments attached to the base of the petals. Ovary 5-partite, free ; 
 styles 5, connate, stigmas distinct. Drupes 3-5, stipitate. Seed solitSiTy, pendu- 
 lous, exalbuminous. — Disteib. Malacca, Archipelago, Philippines. Species 2. 
 
 1. E. long>ifolia, Jack, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 307 ; leaflets elliptic 
 acute, panicles glandular-hairy, calyx-segments glandular, petals ovate- 
 lanceolate, filaments appendiculate. DC. Prodr. ii. 86 ; Wall. Cat. 8522; 
 Planch, in Hook. Loud. Joum. Bot. v. 584. E. merguensis, Planch. I.e. 
 E. tavoyana. Wall. Cat. 8523. 
 
 Tenasserim, Parish, and the Andaman Islds., Heifer, to Malacca, Penang, and 
 Singapore. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines. 
 
 A tree with bitter properties. Leaves a foot or more long, with a large number of 
 coriaceous (often not opposite) leaflets, much paler beneath. Panicles large, spreading, 
 and much-branched ; rachis and pedicels covered with a rufous glandular pubescence. 
 Petals 4 times as long as calyx-segments, ^ by ^ in. broad, very finely pubescent 
 within and without. Filaments broad, half as long as the petals, glabrous, with a 
 ligulate ciliated appendage at the base. Drupes hard, ovoid, 4 in- long, ^ in. broad. — 
 I am unable to distinguish the specimen of Planchon's E. merguensis in the Hookeriau 
 Herbarium by the alleged character of the filaments ; otherwise it precisely resembles 
 the type. 
 
522 XXXIV. 8IMARUBE2E. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Eurycoma. 
 
 2. E. aplculata, A. W. Bennett; leaflets elliptic apicnlate, panicles 
 slightly hairy, calyx hairy without, petals ligulate, filaments not appen- 
 diculate. 
 
 Penang, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves very long ; leaflets ending in an abrupt point, dotted on the lateral veins be- 
 neath. Panicles denser than in E. longifolia; the rachis and pedicels slightly hairy. 
 Cw/yx-segments not ciliate. Petals very narrow, 1 lin. long, h lin. broad, glabrous. 
 Filaments very short, ^-^ as long as the petals, glabrous. Emit unknown. 
 
 7. SURZANA, Linn. 
 
 An insipid littoral shrub. Leaves simple, entire, i^/ot^ers hermaphrodite, 
 conspicuous. Calyx 5-partite, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, imbricate. 
 Disk inconspicuous. Stamens 10, unequal in length, 5 sometimes barren. 
 Ovary of 5 free carpels ; styles basilar, filiform ; ovules 2 in each carpel, 
 lateral. Fruit consisting of 5 or fewer carpels covered by the persistent 
 calyx, each 1-seeded, indehiscent. Seed ascending, exalbuminous. 
 
 1. S. maritlma, Linn. Gen. No. 681 : DC. Prodr. ii. 91 : W. <6 A. Prodr. 
 361. 
 
 Throughout the tropical shores of India. — Distrib. Cosmopolitan. 
 
 Branches thick, covered with a velvety pubescence. Leaves about 1 in. long, linear- 
 spathulate, obtuse, velvety. Flowers l-^ in. across, terminal, hidden by the leaves. 
 Petals i by ^ in. long, e(jualling the calyx, ovate-acute, yellow. 
 
 8. ZRVINGZA, Hook. f. 
 
 Glabrous insipid trees. Leaves simple, coriaceous, entire, with deciduous 
 stipules. Flowers hermaphrodite, in axillary panicles, ebracteate. Calyx 
 small, 4-5-partite, imbricate. Petals 4-5, iuibricate. Disk very large, 
 cushion-shaped and folded. Stamens 10, inserted beneath the disk, fila- 
 ments long, slender. Ovary conical, compressed, 2-celled, entire ; style 
 simple, terminal; ovules solitary. Fruit large, drupaceous, 1-seeded. 
 Seed pendulous, exalbuminous.— DiSTRiB. Species 3-4 ; all but the fol- 
 lowing Tropical African. 
 
 1. Z. malayana, Oliver^ ms. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branches striated, glabrous, annulated at or near the nodes. Leaves large and thick, 
 4 by 2 in., elliptic, acute, quite entire, petiolate, base rounded and somewhat unequal. 
 Flowers small, hermaphrodite, in axillary racemes or panicles. Calyx persistent ; 
 lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes, reflexed after flowering. 
 Filaments as long as the petals. Ovary conical, rising from the centre of a very large 
 disk and narrowing into a terminal style. 
 
 9. BAZ.ANZTZ:S, Delile. 
 
 Spiny shrubs or trees. Leaves coriaceous, 2-foliolate, entire. Flower^ 
 green, in small axillary cymes. (7rt/y.x-segments 5, imbricate, deciduous. 
 Petals 5, imbricate. Disk thick, conical, entire. Ovary entire, globose, 
 1-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a large fleshy oily 1-seeded 
 drupe. Seed pendulous, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Tropical and Northern 
 Africa, Syria, and W. Asia ; species 2 (?). 
 
 1. B. Zlozburgrhii, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, il 258; petals 
 velvety. Brandis. For. Flor. 59. B. segyptiaca, Wall. Cat. 6855 ; Grah. Cat. 
 Bomb. PL 23 ; Wight Ic. t. 274. Ximenia segyptiaca, Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 253, 
 
 Drier parts of India from Cawnpore to Sikkim, Behab, Goozeeat, Kandeish, and 
 the Deccan ; Biema, Griffith. 
 
Balanites,] xxxiv. siMARUBEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 523 
 
 A small tree, 20 ft. high, with glabrous or puberulous branches ending in very strong 
 sharp ascending spines. Leaves of two elliptical or obovate puberulous entire coriaceous 
 leaflets. C't^mes 4-1 0-flowered. >iS'epafe and ^e^a^s ovate, velvety-pubescent. Filaments 
 filiform- subulate. Fruit large, woody, angular, more than an inch long. — Very nearly 
 allied to, and perhaps only a variety of, the B. cegyptiaca of northern and tropical 
 Africa. 
 
 Order XXXV. OCHNACE^. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.) 
 
 Glabrous trees or shrubs, with watery juice. Leaves alternate, simple, 
 (very rarely pinnate) coriaceous ; stipules 2. Inflorescence panicled or occa- 
 sionally umbellate (rarely flowers solitary), bracteate. Flowers hermaphro- 
 dite, conspicuous. iSepals 4-5, free, imbricate, persistent. Fetah 5, rarely 
 4 or 10, free, hypogynous, imbricate, longer than the sepals, deciduous. 
 Bisk enlarged after flowering, occasionally 0. Stamens 4, 5, 8, 10, or inde- 
 finite, inserted on the disk ; filaments persistent ; anthers basifixed, some- 
 times deciduous, dehiscing longitudinally, or often opening by terminal 
 pores. Ovanj short, 2-celled or elongate and 1-10-celled ; placenta axile or 
 parietal; style simple, subulate, acute, rarely divided at the extremity, 
 stigmas simple, terminal ; ovules 1-2 in each cell or indefinite, ascending 
 or rarely pendulous, raphe ventral, micropyle superior. Fruit indehiscent, 
 drupaceous or baccate, compound, each drupe or pyrene 1-4-seeded ; or 
 capsular and 1-5-celled with septicidal dehiscence. Seeds solitary, few, or 
 numerous ; albumen fleshy or ; embryo straight or rarely curved, 
 radicle superior or inferior. — Distrib. Tropical regions of both hemispheres, 
 chiefly American ; species about 150. 
 
 Tribe I. OclineeB. Ovary 2-10-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell. 
 Seeds exalbuminous. 
 
 Stamens co ; flowers paniculate 1. Ochna. 
 
 Stamens 10; flowers paniculate or umbellate 2. Gomphia. 
 
 Sepals, petals, and stamens 4 3. Tetramerista. 
 
 Tribe II. Euthexnideee. Ovary semi-5-ceUed ; ovules 2 in each cell. 
 Seeds albuminous. 
 Stamens 5, with alternate staminodes 4. Euthemis. 
 
 ^ 1. OCKNA, Linn. 
 
 Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, serrate, rarely entire, 
 2-stipulate. Flowers large, yellow, in bracteat* panicles or umbels. 
 Sejmls 5, coloured, persistent. Petals 5-10, deciduous. Bisk thick, lobed. 
 Stamens oo , shorter than the petals, filaments short or elongated ; anthers 
 opening longitudinally, deciduous. Ovary deeply 3-10-lobed, lobes 
 1 -celled ; styles entirely connate or distinct at the apex : ovules solitary 
 in each cell, axile. Fruit of 3-10 drupes seated on the broad disk. Seed 
 erect, albuminous. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and Africa ; species about 25. 
 
 1. O. squarrosa, Linn. ; BC. Prodr. i. 735 ; leaves from narrowly 
 oblong to oblong-ovate or obovate, acute obtuse or mucronate, finely serrate, 
 flowers fragrant, petals 7-12 (rarely 5), anthers very long deciduous, with 
 very short persistent filaments, styles united to the apex. Koxb. Fl. 
 Ind. ii. 643 ; Cor. PI. i. t. 89 ; Wight III. i. t. 69 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 37 ; 
 Bah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 17. O. lucida, Lamk. III. t. 472, f. i. ; BC. 
 I.e. ; Plandi. in Hook, Joum. Bot. v. 649 ; Griff. Not. iv. 464, t. 605, f. vi. 
 O. nitida, TJmnb. ; BC. I.e. ; Planch. I.e. 650 {not of Wall). O. rufescens (?) 
 Thunb. l.c, ; Thw. Eniim. 70. O. obtusata, BC. I.e. 735 j Wall. Cat. 2805. 
 
524 XXXV. ocHNACEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Ochna. 
 
 SiLHET ; BiRMA ; Pegu ; Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Ceylon. 
 
 Leaves very various in size and shape ; stipules ^-\ in. Flowers ^-f in- across, in 
 loose axillary "panicles. Petals not much longer than the sepals, clawed. Anthers many 
 times longer than the very short filaments. Sti/le greatly exceeding the stamens. Drupes 
 ^ in. long, seated on the greatly enlarged disk, and surrounded by the persistent coria- 
 ceous calyx. — Griffith's 0. liunda is described as having 5 petals, but is apparently the 
 same plant. 
 
 Var. cordata; leaves much smaller cordate at the base and rounded at the apex 
 more sharply serrate. 0. cordata, Thw. Enum. 70. — Ceylon. 
 
 2. O. Wallichil, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot, v. 050 ; leaves 
 oblong-elliptic very finely serrate, petals 5, anthers not longer than the fila- 
 ments, styles united nearly to apex. O. nitida. Wall. Cat. 2804 (wo^ of 
 Thunb.). O. stipulacea (]), Colehr. nis. ; Wall. Cat. 2806 ; Planch, in Hook. 
 Lmid. Journ. Bot. v. 653. O. squarrosa, Kurz Arulam. Rep. App. iv. {not of 
 Linn.). O. andaraanica, ICurz Rep. And. ed. ii. 33, and in Journ. As. Soc. 
 Beng. xli. pt. 2, 295. 
 
 Tenasserim, Tavoy, the Andaman Islands, and Pegu. 
 
 Leaves 4 by 1^ in. or larger, acute, very shortly petioled; stipules very minute. 
 Flowers on very long pedicels, in loose axillary panicles. Sepals ovate or lanceolate, 
 generally reflexed after flowering. Petals somewhat longer than the sepals. Anthers 
 elongated, but rather shorter than the very slender persistent filaments. Styles greatly 
 exceeding the stamens. 
 
 Var. 2)firv)Jlora ; flowers much smaller. 0. parviflora, Griff, Not. iv. 464. — Moul- 
 mein, Qrijfith. 
 
 3. O. 'Wig-htlana, Wall. Cat. 2808; leaves elliptical to ovate base 
 rounded subcordate subobtuse coriaceous serrulate, flowers solitary or in 
 pairs or rarely 3, petals 5, anthers about as long as the filaments, style 
 5-cleft at the apex. W. <!b A. Prodr. 152; ThwaUes Enum. 70; Wight Ic. 
 t. 223 (?) ; Planch, in Hook. I^ond. Journ. Bot. v. 653. O. Heyneana, W. di^ A. 
 I.e. ; Planch. I.e. 653. O. Walkerii, Planch. I.e. 0. parvilolia, Vahl % Wall. 
 Cat. 2807. O. Moonii, Thivaites Enum. 70. 
 
 Travancor, Wight; warmer parts of Ceylon. 
 
 Leaves much smaller than in 0. squarrosa and Wallichii, 1-1^ by ^| in., but often 
 narrower, very shortly stalked ; stipules very slender, ^^ i^- Floicers axillary, usually 
 solitary, smaller than in the two species named. Sepals usually reflexed after flowering. 
 — In Moonii, Thw., the miniber of flowers in a cluster is larger. — Ochna par ni- 
 folia, Vahl Symb. i. 33 ; DC. Mon. Och. 17, t. xix. f. 2 ; Prodr. i. 736, from Arabia 
 Felix, much resembles and may even be identical with a small-leaved form of this species. 
 
 Var. angustifolia ; leaves naiTowly elliptical tapering to either end. 
 
 4. O. puxnlla, Ham. in Don Prodr. 224 ; leaves very large more or less 
 broadly oblanceolate serrulate, flowers very large and handsome, anthers 
 longer than filaments, style undivided. DC. Prodr. i. 736 ; Planch, in Hook. 
 Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 652. O. nana. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3761 ; Dak. & Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 46. O. humili.s, Wall. Cat. 3762. O. coUina, Edgew. in Trans. 
 lAnn. Soc. xx. p. 43. ? O. fruticulosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. 
 pt. 2, 295. 
 
 Foot of the Himalaya, from Kumaon, Edgeworth, to Sikkim, /. D. H. ; Pegu, Kurz ; 
 South Concan, Dalz. & Gibs. 
 
 A small shrub, 1-3 ft. (?). Leaves often as much as 6 in. by 2 in., narrowed below 
 and very shortly petioled, acute or obtuse, very sharply serrulate; stipules \-^ in. 
 Flowers umbellate, 3-6 at the end of a common peduncle, as much as 14 in. across ; 
 pedicels ^-1 in. ; common peduncle 3 in. long, bracteate at the base. Sepals 
 ovate, 2-3 times shorter than the petals. Filaments short, surmounted by the elon- 
 gated anthers. Styles elongate, connate or very slightly divided at the apex. Drupes 
 finely reticulated. — I am unable to distinguish Kurz's 0. frutindosa from Pegu by the 
 description. The Concan habitat is taken from the liombay Flora. 
 
Ochna.] xxxv. ochnace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 505 
 
 5. (?) O. brevipes, Planck, in Rook. Lond. Jour. Bot. v. 652 ; flowers 
 nearly sessile in compound fascicles, anthers somewhat longer than the 
 filaments, styles undivided. 
 
 Pegu. 
 
 Leaves unknown, deciduous. Flowers \-% in. across. Sepals elliptical. Petals 5, 
 obovate, suddenly narrowed into a claw. Styles about as long as stamens. 
 
 2. GOMPKZA, Schreb. 
 
 Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate shining, 2-stipulate. Flowers 
 yellow, in axillary or terminal racemes or umbels. Sepals 5, coloured, 
 persistent. Petals 5, imbricate. Disk thick, lobed. Stamens 10, inserted 
 at the base of the disk, filaments very short ; anthers opening by terminal 
 pores. Ovary deeply 5-6-lobed, lobes 1-celled ; styles connate, stigma 
 simple ; ovules solitary in each cell, erect. Drupes 5 or fewer, seated on a 
 broad disk, 1-seeded. ^S^eec^ erect, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Chiefly tropical 
 South American ; a few are Asiatic and African ; species about 80. 
 
 1. G-. ang'ustifolia, Valil Symh. ii. 49 ; leaves coriaceous narrowly 
 ovate acute serrulate sessile, flowers in compound rather dense terminal 
 racemes, drupes ovoid. DC. Prodr. i. 736; W. & A. Prodr. 152; Grak. 
 Cat. Bomb. PI. 38 ; Thwaites Enum. 71 ; Planch, in Hook. Lond. Jour a. 
 Bot. vi. 3. G. zeylanica, DC. I.e. ; Wall. Cat. 2802. G. malabarica, DC. I.e. 
 Oclma zeylanica, La77i. Walkera serrata, Willd., DC. Prodr. i. 737. Meesia 
 serrata, Gcmrtn. Fruci. i. t. 70. — Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 56 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. v. 
 t. 48 and 52 (monstrous). 
 
 Southern provinces of the Western Peninsula, from the South Concan to Travancor ; 
 Singapore, Walker; common in Ceylon. — Djstrib Philippines. 
 
 A small tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves about 5 in. by 1 in., very sliining; stipules linear, 
 deciduous. Flowers about J in. across, very numerous, on slender pedicels. SepaU 
 oval, coriaceous. Petals longer than sepals, deciduous. Anthers elongated, about as 
 long as petals, nearly sessile. Carpels obovate or reniform ; styles 10, larger than 
 stamens, persistent in fruit, stigma quite entire. Drupes about the size of peas, 
 smooth, shining, reticulated. 
 
 2. Cr, sumatrana, Jack in Mai. Misc. No. v. p. 29, and in Rook. Bot. 
 
 Misc. ii. 77 ; leaves narrowly ovate serrulate, panicle very difl^use. Wall. 
 Cat. 2803. G. sumatrensis, Planch, in Rook. Ic. PI. t. 712, and Rook. Lond. 
 Joum. Bot. vi. 2. Ochna crocea. Griff. Not. iv. 463. Euthemis elegan- 
 tissiraa (?), Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 305. E.? pulcherrima, 
 Wall. Cat. 2518. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo. 
 
 Very closely allied to O. angustifolia, there being scarcely any characters by which 
 it can be distinguished, except the much more diffuse character of the panicle. 
 
 3. Gr, Kookeri, Planch, in Rook. Lond. Joum. Bot. vi. 3; leaves 
 coriaceous narrowly ovate entire shortly petioled, flowers in terminal 
 umbels, drupes ovoid. 
 
 Penang, Phillips; Malacga, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves about 4 in. by 1^ in., narrowed into the short petiole; stipules deciduous. 
 Flowers rather smaller than in G. aiigustifolia, on long slender pedicels, 10-20 in an 
 umbel. Sepals ovate, coriaceous. Styles quite connate ; stigma entire. Drupe smooth, 
 not reticulated. — This species is rather a Brackenridgia (A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. 
 Exped. 361) than a Gomphia, if the two genera are to be kept distinct, and Bracken- 
 ridgia not rather to be considered as a section of Gomphia, as suggested by Oliver (in 
 Hook. Ic. Plant, xi. t. 1096). Brackenridgia is not otherwise a Malayan genus. 
 
626 XXXV. 0CHNACE2E. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Tetramerista. 
 
 DODBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 "Gt. UMBELLATA," HooJc. f. 1718., from Penaug, appears distinct; but the specimens 
 are not sii^ciently perfect for determination. 
 
 3. TSTRAMERISTA, Miq. 
 
 Shrubs or trees. Leaves very large, coriaceous, entire. Flowers in axillary 
 racemes, with large foliaceous bracts. Sepals 4, imbricate, persistent ; 
 2 outer ones larger. Petals 4, persistent. Stamens 4 ; filaments dilated at 
 the base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovai^y 4- angled, 4-celled; 
 style entire. Fridt a globose 4-seeded coriaceous berry. — Distrib. Ma- 
 layan Peninsula and Islands. Species 1-2. 
 
 1. T. glabra, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 534; var. sagittata; leaves 
 sagittate at the base. Ancistrocladus 1 sagittatus. Wall. Cat. 1055. 
 
 SiNCAPOKE, WaUich; Tekasserim (or the Andaman Islands), Heifer; Kedah Peak, 
 Malacca, Low. 
 
 Leaves obovate, rounded at the apex. Sepals in two series, lanceolate. Petals re- 
 sembling the sepals, but rather smaller. Filaments filiform above. Style single, central. 
 — !r. glabra is a Sumatran plant, entered as Indian on account of some specimens in 
 Herb. Kew., collected by Heifer, either in " Tenasserim or the Andaman Islands," and 
 by WaUich at Sincapore, without Howers, but apparently behmging either to this species 
 or to an aUied one, differing in the sagittate base of the leaves. 
 
 4. SUTKSMZS, Jack. 
 
 Glabrous shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, shining, coriaceous, serrulate, 
 with ciliate deciduous stipules. Flowers rose or white, in terminal or leaf- 
 opposed racemes, bracteate. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent or deciduous. 
 Petals b^ longer than sepals, imbricate. Disk small, conical. /Stamens 5, 
 inserted at the base of the disk, with alternate staminodes ; anthers opening 
 by terminal pores. Ovary semi-5-celled, elongate, viscid ; style 1, stigma 
 entire ; ovules 1-2 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit a berry of 5 pyrenes, each 
 1-2-seeded. Seeds pendulous with a fleshy albumen. — Distrib. Species 4, 
 natives of the Malayan Archipelago. 
 
 1. S. leucocarpa, Jack in Mai. Misc. No. v. p. 16 : leaves large acute 
 very gradually narrowed into the petiole very beautifully serrulate on the 
 thickened margin, flowers in rather small terminal branched racemes, berry 
 snow-white. Roxb. Fl. hid. ed. Carey, ii. 303; Planch, in Ilook. Ic. 
 PL viii. t. 711. 
 
 Mounts Gerai and Ophir, alt. 3000 ft., in Malacca, XotJ.— Distrib. Malayan 
 Archipelago. 
 
 An erect shrub, 4-5 ft. iyeaie^ narrowly elhptic, 4 in. by 14 in., with fine curved 
 nearly parallel veins running from the midrib to the thickened margin ; stipules acu- 
 minate, ciliate, deciduous. Sepals ovate, thick, ciliate-serrate. Pctah twice as long 
 as the sepals, reflexed. Filaments very short. Ovary elongate, acute ; style, tapering. 
 Berry crowned by the persistent style, 5-seeded. 
 
 2. E. minor, Jack in Mai. Misc. No. v. p. 18; leaves narrowly lanceo- 
 late, obtuse, mucrouate obscurely serrulate, racemes simple, berry red. 
 Uoxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 304. 
 
 SiNCAPOKE and Pen ang.— Distrib. Malayan Archipelago. 
 
 A small shrub. Leaves much smaller than in E. Itucocarpa, coriaceous, narrowed, 
 into the petiole, obscurely veined ; stipules linear, ciliate, ueciduous. Sepals ovate- 
 ciUate. Filaments short. Ovary ovate, acute. Berry 5-8eeded. 
 
 doubtful species. 
 E, ? ELEqANTissiMA, WaU. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 306, is probably a distinct 
 
EutTiemis.\ xxxv. ocHNACEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 527 
 
 plant, but is only imperfectly known. Planchon (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 64) sug- 
 gests that it may be Gomphia surnatrana, with which, however, the description of the 
 leaves does not appear to agree. ^Wallich describes it as having elliptic-lanceolate 
 leaves tapering at both ends, finely acuminate, sharply and minutely serrulate, the 
 nerves reticulating and uniting in two or more submarginal arches. — Native of Sinca- 
 pore and the contiguous islands. 
 
 Order XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.) 
 
 Balsamiferous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate (very rarely opposite), 
 imparipinnate or trifoliolate (very rarely^ nnifoliolate), stipulate or ex- 
 stipulate. Lijiorescence racemose or paniculate. Flowers regular, small, 
 hermaphrodite or often polygamous. Calyx free, 3-6-lobed, imbricate or 
 valvate, often minute. Petals 3-6, distinct, rarely connate, imbricate or 
 valvate. Disk annular or cupular, usually conspicuous, free or adnate to the 
 base of the calyx. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, inserted at 
 the base or margin of the disk, equal or unequal ; filaments free, rarely 
 connate at the base, smooth, ; anthers dorsifixed rarely adnate, 2-locular, 
 dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary free, rarely 1- more often 2-5-celle(^; 
 style simple, stigma undivided or 2-5-lobed ; ovules 2 or rarely 1 in each 
 cell, anatropous, axile, usually pendulous rarely ascending, micropyle 
 superior, raphe ventral. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent, containing 2-5 
 pyrenes, rarely pseudo-capsular and dehiscent. Seeds solitary, pendulous, 
 testa membranous, albumen ; cotyledons usually membranous, contortu- 
 plicate, rarely fleshy and planoconvex, radicle superior. — Distrib. Tropical 
 regions of both hemispheres; genera 16-18 ; species about 160. 
 
 Drupe valvately dehiscent, pyrenes separating. 
 
 Drupe trigonous 1. Boswellia. 
 
 Drupe broadly 3-winged 2. Tkiomma. 
 
 Drupe indehiscent, pyrenes not separating. 
 Stamens 6-10. 
 Calyx 5-fid, urceolate. Disk clothing tube of calyx . . 3. Garuga. 
 Calyx 4-toothed, urceolate. Disk cupular. Flowers few, 
 
 fasciculate . .4. Balsamodendrox. 
 
 Calyx 4-6-toothed, small. Disk clothing base of calyx. 
 
 Stamens 8-10. Inflorescence paniculate 5. Protium. 
 
 Calyx 4-6-lobed, imbricate. Disk annular. Stamens 
 
 8-10 6. BURSERA. 
 
 Calyx usually 3-fid, valvate. Drupe ellipsoid, usually 
 
 trigonous ; style terminal 7. Canarium. 
 
 Calyx 3-fiid, valvate. Drupe usually gibbous ; style 
 
 lateral 8. Santiria. 
 
 Calyx 3-partite, large, valvate. Drupe globose ... 9. Trigonochlamys, 
 Stamens 5 10. Filicium. 
 
 1. BOSWEIiXiIA, Roxb. 
 
 Balsamiferous trees, bark frequently papyraceous. Leaves alternate, exsti- 
 
 {mlate, imparipinnate, deciduous, with opposite sessile usually serrate 
 eaflets. Flowers small, white, hermaphrodite, in axillary racemes or 
 panicles. Calyx small, 5-toothed, persistent. Petals 5, distinct, narrowed 
 at the base, imbricate. Disk annular, crenate. Stamens 10, 5 long 5 short, 
 inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary sessile, 3-celled ; style short, stigma 
 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous. Drupe trigonous, containing 3 
 1-seeded pyrenes which finally separate. Seeds compressed, pendulous. — 
 DiSTRLB. India and Tropical Africa ; species about 6. 
 
528 XXXVI. BURSERACE-E. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Boswellia. 
 
 1. "B. serrata, Eoxb. ex Colehr. in Asiat. Res. ix. 379, t. 5; leaflets 
 sessile pubescent coarsely crenate-serrate, racemes axillary shorter tlian the 
 leaves. Stackhouse, Uxiracts, p. xix ; Colebr. in Tram. Linn. ISoc. xv. 363, t. 
 V. fig. 1 ; Wall. Cat. 8486. B. thurifera, Roxh. ex Fleming in Asiat. Res. xi. 
 158 ; Roxh. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Ft. Ind. ii. 383 ; W. d- A. 'Prodr. 174 ; Grah. 
 Cat. Bcmh. PI. 42 ; Bird wood in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 146; Brandis 
 For. Flor. 61. Libanus thurifera, Colebr. in Asiat. Res. ix. 382. Libanotus 
 asiaticus, StackJwuse, De Liban. 13, t. iii fig. 6. 
 
 Forests of the base of the Western Himalaya, as far west as the 8utlcj ; Central 
 India, from Behar to Rajpatana, and southward into the Deccan, and to the Circars 
 and the Concan. 
 
 Leaves of a large number of opposite or nearly dpposito lanceolate or ovate acute or 
 obtuse inequilateral leatiets, very variable in size, t^hape, and degree of pubescence. 
 Calyx-aeffments deltoid. Drupe \ in. long, trigonous^ splitting into three valves, sub- 
 tended by the woody disk. Y' 
 
 Vak. glabra ; leaflets nearly or quite glabrous, often nearly entire. B. glabra, Roxh. 
 Hort. Beng. 90 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 207 ; Fl. hid. ii. 3841; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 42 ; 
 DC. Prodr. ii. 76; W. db A. Prodr. 174; Bedd. Fl. J^lo. t. 124. ChloroxyL-n Du 
 pada, Biich. Journ. Mys. i. 184. — Scarcely a species, running by insensible gradations 
 into the typical form. — N. W. India; Siwalik hills, near Khizeraband, Edgeworth; 
 Padshapoor (near Belgaum), Ritchie. 
 
 2. TRIOMMA, Hook. f. 
 
 A tree ; branclilets robust, jAibe.scent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, im- 
 paripinuate, with opposite i)etiolulate leaflets. Flouon^s very small, in 
 terminal panicles, polygaraiHis (?). Calyx 5-fid. PeUds 5, small, valvate (?) 
 Stamens 10(?) inserted at the base of the Mobed disk. O^Y'r^ trigonous, 
 3-celled ; style short ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit 3-winged, 3-valved, as 
 much as 2-2^ inches long, containing 3 hard woody separable pyrenes. — 
 DisTRiB. A solitary species. 
 
 1. T. malaccensls, Hooh.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 171 ; leaflets 
 oblique ovate-lanceolate acuminate entire, drupe ovate-caudate acutely cus- 
 pidate. Arytera? macro-arjia Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 199 {according 
 to T. Anderson in Herb. Ktw.). 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 3. GAZIUGA, Eoxb. 
 
 Trees ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, imparipinnate, 
 crowded towards the ends of the branches, with opposite subsessile crenate 
 leaflets. Flowers polygamous, in much-branched })anicles. Calyx campa- 
 nulate, 5-fid, valvate, clothed within by the ample disk. Petals 5, inserted 
 on the tube of the calyx, induplicate-valvate. Sta7nens 10, equal, inserted 
 in the tube of the calyx at the margin of the disk, filaments hairy at the 
 base. Ovary sessile, 4-5-celled ; style erect, stigma cai)itate 4-5-lobed ; 
 ovules 2 in each cell, Vrupe globose, fleshy, containing 1-5^1-seeded 
 pyrenes.— DiSTRiB. Tropical Asia, America, and Australia ; species 8-10. 
 
 1. G. pinnata, Roxh. Cor. PI. iii t. 208 ; leaflets ovate obtusely acu- 
 minate oblique crenate, flowers \-\ in. long pubescent. ^0.2:6. Fl. Ind. ii. 
 400; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 43; DC. Prodr. ii. 81; W. d: A. Prodr. 175 ; 
 Bedd. Fl.Sylv.%. 118; Brandis For. Flor. 62 ; Wall. Cat. 8485; ? G. mada- 
 gascariensis, DC- I.e. — Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 33. 
 
 Throughout India, and from the Jumna eastwards to Birma, and southwards to the 
 NiLGHiRis and 'J'ENAs^i^ERiM ; ascending to 3000 ft. in the Himalaya. — Distrib. 
 Malayan Archipelago, Philippines. 
 
Garuga.] xxxvi. burserace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 629 
 
 A tree 30-40 ft. Leaves 1 ft. or more, pubescent when youna:, afterwards glabrous. 
 Panicle very large, compound, pubescent. CaZyx-teeth ovate, pubescent. Petals linear, 
 inserted between the calyx- teeth. Disk completely clothing the tube of calyx. Stamens 
 aboiit us long as the petals. Ovary ovoid, narrowing into the hairy style ; stigma 
 capitate, 5-lobed. Drupe black, " size of a gooseberry." 
 
 4. BAZ.SABIODi:NDaON, KuntL 
 
 Balsamiferous often spiny trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, 1-5-foliolate 
 or imparipinnate ; leaflets sessile, oblique, crenate or serrate. Flowers 
 small, polygamous, fasciculate, on short petioles or sessile. Calyx tubular, 
 3-4-toothed, persistent. Petals 3-4, valvate. Dish erect, cupular. Stamem 
 6-8, usually 4 long and 4 short, inserted on the margin of the disk. Ovary 
 sessile, 4-celled, surrounded by the disk ; style short, stigma obtuse 4-lobed ; 
 ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe ovoid, containing a 1-3-celled and -seeded 
 stone or 1-3 stones. — Disteib. India, Arabia, Tropical and Southern Africa ; 
 species 6-10. (See Berg, in Bot. Zeit. 1862. 153, 161.) 
 
 1. B. ZVKukul, Hook ex Stocks in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. i. 259, t. 8 ; 
 brandies generally ending in a sharp spine, leaves 1-3-foliolate, leaflets 
 smooth and shining obovate nearly sessile toothed at the end. Boiss. Fl. 
 Orie^it. ii. 3 ; Brandis For. Flor. 64. B. Roxburghii, Stocks in Bomb. Trans. 
 1847 {excl syn.) ; Dalz. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 19 {7iot of Am.). (?) B. 
 Wightii, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist, iii, 86 ; Wight Lll. i. 185. 
 
 SixDH, Stocks ; Rajpootana, Bednore, Brandis; Khandeish and Berar, Dalz. & 
 Gibs.; ? Mysore, Bellary, Wicjlit. — DiQTniB. Beluchistan, Arabia? 
 
 A small tree 4-6 ft. Branches slightly ascending. Flowers nearly sessile, a few in each 
 fascicle, unisexual, the male with small abortive ovary, the female with short barren sta- 
 mens. Calyx forming a cylindrical cup, glandular-hairy. Petals 4-5, ligulate, brownish 
 red, recurved at the tip, 3 times as long as calyx. Disk 8-10-toothed. Stamens 8-10. 
 Stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Drupe red, ovate-acuminate, containing 2 2-celled stones, 
 rarely 4-valved. — I follow the suggestion of Brandis in referring to the Bellary plant 
 {B. Wightii) under B. Mukul, from which it appears to be indistinguishable, though 
 without flowei-s. Brandis remarks, " This species will probably be found to be indi- 
 genous on arid rocky hills throughout Eajputaua and a great part of the Dekkan" (I.e. 
 p. 65).— Gugal. 
 
 2. B. Bozburg-hii, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 86; branches spiny, 
 leaves 3-foliolate, terminal leaflet very finely serrulate, lateral leaflets very 
 small. Wight Ul. i. 1 85. Amyris Commiphora, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 244 ; Wall. 
 Cat. 8498. ? A. Agallocha, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28. 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; Silhet and Assam, Roxburgh, &c. 
 
 Very similar to B. Mukul, and possibly identical, but only imperfectly known ; the 
 leaves appear to be larger and of a thinner texture. I have only seen specimens of 
 Wallich's and Bottler's from the Mission Garden of Madras, to which Bottler has 
 attached the name Amyris serratifolia, nob, 
 
 3. B. pubescens, Stocks in Bomb. Trans. 1847 ; Hook. Kew Joum. Bot.; 
 264, t. 9 ; branches not spiny, leaves petioled, 3-5-foliolate, leaflets entire. 
 Boiss. Fl. Onent. ii. 2 ; Brandis For. Flor. 64. 
 
 Kocky parts of Sindh, Stocks. — Distrib. Beluchistan. 
 
 A small tree with pubescent unarmed branches. Leaves on slender petioles longer 
 than the blade, soft and downy when young, lateral leaflets nearly orbicular, terminal 
 obovate-cimeate, petiolulate. Flowers sessile. Stamens equal. Drupe red, with 2 
 stones. 
 
 4. B. Berryl, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 86; branches spiny, leaves 3- 
 foliolate petioled glabrous entire, calyx 3-4-cleft, petals 3-4, stamens 6-8, 
 
 VOL. I. MM 
 
630 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Balsamode'ndrm. 
 
 the alteraate ones smaller. Wight III. i. 185 ; Bedd. Fl Syl. t. 126 ; 
 Brandts For. Flor. 65. Protium gileadense, W. <fc A. Frodr. \11^ exclud. 
 synon.; Grak. Cat. Bomb, Fl. 43, {twt B. gileadense Z>(7.). Amyris gilea- 
 densis, Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 246. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; in dry forests East of the Nilghiris and Sivagherry Hills (cul- 
 tivated for hedging throughout S. India). 
 
 Brandies patent, the lateral ones ending in very abrupt spines. Leaves alternate or 
 fascicled ; leaflets obovate, sessile, the terminal one twice as large as the lutefal ones. 
 Flowers nearly sessile, solitary or fascicled. Disk small, 6-8-lobed. Drupe oblong, 
 apiculate. 
 
 5. PROTXUIVI, W. & A. 
 
 Small balsamiferous spiny trees. Leaves alternate, S-foliolate or impari- 
 pinnate, with entire or toothed leaflets. Flowa-s small, on long pedicels in 
 much branched cymes. Calyx small, cupular, 4-6-lid or -toothed. Fetals 
 4-C, linear-oblong, valvate. Disk clothing the bottom of the calyx-cup, 
 with free margin. Stamens 8-12, inserted in the margin of the disk, 
 unequal. Ovary 2-4-celled, sessile ; style short, stigma 3-6-lobed ; ovules 
 3 in each cell. JJru])^ fleshy, globose, containing 1-4 pyrenes. Seeds oblong ; 
 radicle superior. — Distrib. India, Java, subtropical Africa. Species 3-4 
 
 1. P. caudatum, W.d^A. Frodr. 176; leaves 3-7-foliolate, leaflets 
 glabrous more or less abruptly acuminate, cyme branched many times 
 clichotomously greatly exceeding the leaves. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 125 ; Wcdl. 
 Cat. 8494, 8495. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Ceylon, at Jaffoa. 
 
 Leaves long-petioled with short lateral leaflets, the terminal one with a long petiolnle, 
 ovate, entire. Cymes bracteate at the branches, the bracteoles l>eneath the flowers very 
 minute. Flowers polygamous, small, f aZ^or-lobes deltoid, acute, as long as broad. 
 Petals about twice as long as calyx-lobes. Drupe about the size of a pea, nearly glo- 
 bular, subtended b^ the persistent calyx. 
 
 Var. Roxhurghiaiia, vV. & A. I.e. (species); leaflets not acuminate, but ending in a 
 short abrupt point. Amyris acuminata, lioxh. Fl. Ind. ii. 246 ; Wall. Cat. 8496. — 
 Pulney Mts., Wight. 
 
 2. P. pubescens, W. <i; A. Frodr. 176 ; leaflets pubescent obtusely acu- 
 minate, cyme (panicle ?) rather dense branched mftuy times but not 
 dichotomously. Wall. Cat. 8497. 
 
 We!^tern Peninsula, Wight. 
 
 Leaflets about 7, ovate or obovate, entire, very shortly petiolulatc. Bracts in the upper 
 part of tlie inflorescence exceeding flowers. Flowers mther shortly pedici'lled. ^Calyx- 
 segments lanceolate, twice as long as hroad. Drupe rather larger than in P. caudatum. 
 
 6. BURSERA, Linn. 
 
 Balsamiferous trees. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, or rarely 1-foliolate. 
 Panicles short, branched. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx 
 small, 4-6 -partite or -toothed, imbricate. Fetals 4-6, short, patent at length 
 reilexed, usually valvate. Disk annular, crenate. Stamens 8-12, nearly 
 equal, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary free, ovoid or subglobose, 
 3-5-celled ; style very short, stigma 3-5-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe 
 globose or ovoid, with 3-5 pyrenes. — Distrib. ^^bojit 40 species, mostly 
 natives of Tropical America. 
 
 1. B. serrata, Colehr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 361, t. 4 ; leaflets nar- 
 rowed below acuminate, drupe globose 1-3-celled, the pedicel greatly 
 
Bursera.] xxxvi. burserace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.)- Sdl 
 
 thickened and elongated. Brand. For. Flor. 61. Icica indica, W. (k A. 
 Prodr. 177; Wall. Cat. 8492. Limonia pentagyna, Roxb. Ft. Ind. ii. 382, 
 ex Kurziri Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 70. 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; Garrow hills and Rajmahal hills, Assam ; and Chittagong. The 
 Circa Rs, Roxburgh. 
 
 Leaflets about 7 or more, opposite, petiolulate, ovate, pubescent or nearly glabrous, 
 serrulate or quite entire. Panicles axillary, lax, much branched, shorter than the leaves, 
 bracteate. Flowers very small, hermaphrodite, pubescent externally. Calyx obtusely 
 5-toothed. Petals 5. recurved. /Stamens 10, shorter than the petals. 
 
 7. CANAXtIU»I, Linn. 
 
 Balsamiferous trees. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, stipulate or exsti- 
 pulate. Flowers bracteate, in terminal -or axillary panicles, hermaphrodite 
 or polygamous. Calyx cupuliform or campanulate, 3-lobed or -fid (5-lobed 
 in § Scutinanthe)^ valvate. Petals 3-5, imbricate below or valvate, usually 
 exceeding calyx. Stamens 6 (10 in § /Scuti/ianthe), distinct, inserted on 
 margin or outside of disk, or filaments confluent below and distinct from 
 disk. Ovary 2-3-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell ; style various,' or stigma 
 subsessile, capitate. Drupe usually ellipsoidal, more or less distinctly tri- 
 gonous, with a, 1-3-celled, 1-3-seeded stone ; cotyledons often partite, con- 
 tortuplicate. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and Malayan Archipelago. Species 
 probably about 30. 
 
 As may be inferred from the sectional characters it is not improbable that two or 
 three generic types are included here under Canarium, but the final settlement 
 of these "cannot be undertaken without the examination of a full series of Archipelago 
 forms. 
 
 Sect. I. Flowers 5-merous (Scutinanthe, Thw.). 
 
 1. C. brunneuxn, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 127 ; extremities shortly red- 
 tomentose, leaves exstipulate, leaflets 5-11 oblong or ovate-oblong acu- 
 minate entire glabrescent or midrib beneath puberulous, panicles axillary 
 branching from base red-toraentose, pedicels not exceeding 5-fid calyx, 
 petals scarcely exceeding calyx, stamens 10 confluent in a disk adnata 
 to calyx-tube (in ^ fl.), ovary hirsute 2- celled, fruit ^ drupaceous ellip- 
 soidal shortly pointed. Scutinanthe brunnea, Thwaites in Kew Journ. Bot. 
 viii. 266, t. 8 B ; Enum. 79. 
 
 Ceylon ; in the central Province, alt. 2-3000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 'Tree of 50-60 ft. Leaves 10-20 in.; leaflets 4-8 by 2-2 J in. ; petiolule ^-J in. 
 Panicles much shorter than leaves; bracts ovate-lanceolate. Flowers polygamous. 
 Calyx cupuliform, lobes 5 ovate-deltoid. Petals tomentose outside, subvalvate. Drupe 
 \-\\ in. long, apiculate and thinly red-tomentose when dry, 1 -celled (in our specimen), 
 with thin bony stone. [Cotyledons em ire foliaceous plicate. Thwaites.) — Nearly 
 alHed to this species, but with drupes 1| in. long, are specimens from Malacca [Main- 
 gay), without flowers. 
 
 Sect. II. Flowers normally 3-nierous. 
 
 * Stamens confluent in short disk around ovary or its riidiment. Buds 
 sJieathed by deciduous bracts. Stone thick bony. — Canarium proper. 
 
 t Leajlets entire. 
 
 2. C comriune, Lin/i. ; extremities tawny puberulous or glabrate, 
 b't'iu^es oiiiptic or rotundate auricled often early deciduous, leaflets 7-9 ctvate 
 tv) oolong elliptical acuminate glabrous, lateral nerves about 10-15 pairs 
 often paler and subprominent beneath, panicles terminal puberulous with 
 
 M M 2 
 
532 XKxyj. BURSERACEiE. {Alfred W. Bennett.) [Canajium. 
 
 spreadiBg successively sliorter lateral branches, buds enclosed in ovate or 
 rotundate tomentose bracts, petals 3 imbricate below, stamens (in ^ fl.) 
 inserted around hairy rudiment of ovary (drupe ellipsoidal subtrigonous 
 with a bony 1-3-celled stone, Blame), Koeiiuj. Ann. Bot. i 360, t, 7, f. 2 ; 
 Eoxb. Fl hid. iii. 137; Blmie Mm. BotA. 214; Bijd. IICI ; DC. Frodr. 
 ii. 79 ; W. d- A. Frodr. 175 ; Mi/^. Fl. Ind. Bot. vol. i. pt. 2, (i43 ; Wall. 
 Cat. 8493. Sapindus travancorensis, Wall. Cat. 8047. 
 
 Penang, Phillips, Jack. 
 
 Leaves of flowering branches f-14 ft. more or less; upper leaflets 4-6 by lJ-24 in. ; 
 petiolules ^-1 in. Flowers variable in size, 9 ^ to over h in. in length. Cahjj: campa- 
 nulate, broadly S-lobed. Petals ton)entose above. Ovary glabrous, incrassate above. 
 Cotyledons tripartite, contorted {Blume). — A Malayan and Archipelago plant culti- 
 vated in India. 
 
 3. C zeylanlcum, Blume Mm. Bot. i 218; extremities tawny-puberu- 
 lous, stii>ules deciduous, leaflets 5-9 more or less broadly elliptical shortly 
 acuminate entire, when pressed flat the margins (of young leaves) inifolded 
 beneath glabrous, panicles terminal, of ^ fl. lateral branches successively 
 shorter, buds globose or ovoid at first enveloped in rotundate deciduous 
 tawny-tomentose bracts, calyx trifid, petals imbricate, stamens of r^ fl. in- 
 serted in disk around glabrous rudiment of ovary. Amyris zeylanica, Retz 
 Obs. iv. 25. Balsamudendrum ? zeylanicum, Kunth in Ann. Sc. Ncti. ser. i. 
 ii. 349 (adnot.) ; UC. Frodr. ii. 7ti ; Tltwaitea Ermni. 79. C. balsamiferum. 
 Moon Cat. 68. 
 
 Cevlon, in warm moist districts, ascending to 1500 ft., Thwaites, &c. 
 
 Leaves of flowering shoots 1 ft more or less ; stipules moderately birge inserted on 
 the rachis at some little distance from the base, obliquely rotundate-sagittate, shortly 
 stipitate, early deciduous {'Phioaitcs) \ leaflet.^ 4-6 by l^-'^^i i"-> petiolule ^-4 in. Fe- 
 male flower ^ in. long. Ovary glabrous, incrassate above as in C. commune. Drupe 
 ellipsoidal, smooth, obscurely 3-goiious, with very thick bony stone. — Very nearly allied 
 to C. commune, and now tliat Thwaites finds rotundate-sagittate early caducous sti- 
 pules, there remains little besides the shorter petiolules of the leaflets to separate it from 
 that species. 
 
 4. C. secunduxu, A. W. Benn. ; tawny-pubescent, stipules or early 
 deciduous, leixtiets 7-9 oblong shortly acuminate entire or faintly den- 
 ticulate glabrous above except midrib, shortly pubescent, with lateral nerves 
 in 10-15 pairs prominent with conspicuous transverse venation beneath, 
 panicles terminal rusty-tomentose, buds subscssiie in bracteate sessile or 
 pedunculate glumerules, calyx broadly 3-lobed, petals imbricate, stamens 
 confluent with short disk around ovuid-subulate glabrous rudiment of ovary, 
 fruit trigonous ellipsoidal, with thick bony stone. — Canarium, Wall. Cat. 
 9046 (as to Sincapore specimens). 
 
 SiNCArouE, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Mairujay. 
 
 Leaves 1 ft. more or less on flowering branches, leaflets varying from ovate- to lanceo- 
 late-oblong, upper 3-6 by U-24 in., petiolule ^ to nearly 4 in. Panicles shorter than or 
 ■as long as leaves, with successively shorter branches ; bracts ovate-oblong and rotundate 
 enclosing the buds. Drupe \\~1 in., glabrous. — Nearly allied to C. purpurasceiis, but 
 I cannot find stipules in any of the numerous specimens. 
 
 5. C purpurascens, A. W. Benn. • extremities shortly pubescent- 
 tomentose M^th rotundate-cordate stipules, leaflets 7-9 ovate-oWong to 
 ovate-elliptical acuniinate glabrous except puberulous midrib above pur- 
 plish-giaucescent with minute scattered pubescence and 10-14 pairs 
 of prominent lateral nerves with conspicuous transverse reticulation 
 beneath, panicles terminal and from upper axiis, pedicels (of (^ fl.) very 
 
Canarium.] xxxvi. bursekace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 533 
 
 short or bracteate, calyx broadly 3-lobed, petals imbricate, stamens 6 
 confluent with short disk around the glabrous ovoid-subulate rudiment of 
 ovary. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 Leaves of flowering shoots |-1 ft., leaflets 3-5 by l|-2 in., petiolules J-^ in. ; stipxiles 
 ^-| in. broad (or larger). Panicles puberulous, as long as leaves ; buds and ovate or 
 rotundate bracts tomeutose. ^ruit not seen. 
 
 6. C. nitidum, A. W. Benn.; extremities obsoletely puberulous 
 glabrate, stipules wanting at flowering, leaflets 5-7 oblong to elliptical 
 acuminate glabrous, midrib prominent beneath but lateral nerves subdis- 
 tant faint 7-10 pairs, reticulation obscure beneath, panicles terminal, 
 drupe ellipsoidal with thick bony stone. Wall. Cat. 8546 (excepting spe- 
 cimens intermixed of a Connaracea ?). 
 
 SiNCAPOUE, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maivgay. 
 
 Leaves of flowering branches 1 ft. more or less ; leaflets 4-6 by 1^-3 in. ; petiolule 
 l-% in. Flowers not seen. Calyx 3-lobed. Drupe 14-2 in,, glabrous. 
 
 ft Leaflets serrulate. 
 
 7. C. rufuxn, A. W. Benn.; extremities stout closely rusty-tomen- 
 tose, leaves 1-2-feet (? exstipulate), rachis tomentose, leaflets 6-11 oblong 
 shortly acuminate base rounded denticulate-serrate coriaceous, glabrous 
 above except shortly tomentose midrib, closely tawny tomentose with 
 15-20 pairs of prominent lateral nerves and distinct reticulation beneath, 
 flowers congested in sessile or shortly pedunculate bracteate inch-broad 
 fascicles along the branches of panicle, calyx thick trifid, petals coriaceous 
 exceeding calyx narrowly-imbricate, stamens 6, filaments apparently con- 
 fluent at base, fruit ellipsoidal trigonous with a thick bony stone. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay, Griffith. 
 
 Tree of medium size. Leaflets very coriaceous, upper larger varying to 6-8 by 2-2^ in., 
 petiolule |-J in., reticulation very prominent beneath. Panicles terminal, closely rusty- 
 tomentose ; buds enclosed in rotundate concave tomentose bracts. Calyx-lobes broadly 
 ovate, obtuse. Petals tomentose outside except narrow covered margins. Fruit 2 in. 
 long, {Cotyledons 3-partite. Griffith.) 
 
 ** Stamens monadelphous. distinct frmn disk. Buds cylindrical or clavate. 
 Leaflets entire or serrw^«<e.— Pimela, Lour. 
 
 8. C. g'X'a'ndifloruxn, A. W. Benn.; extremities tawny-pubescent, 
 stipules subulate from near the base of the glabrous rachis, leaflets 7-9 
 ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong acuminate glabrous or with few scattered 
 hairs and 8-12 pairs prominent lateral nerves beneath, pedicels shorter than 
 hairy broadly 3-lobed calyx, petals narrowly imbricate, stamens 6, filaments 
 confluent in a tubiform sheath, ovary densely setose, style long, fruit sub- 
 trigonous, stone thick bony. 
 
 Malacca, 3Iaingay. 
 
 Leaves |-1 ft, or longer; leaflets 3^44 by 1-1 1 in,; petiolule | in. more or less. 
 Flowers hermaphrodite, 4 in- loi^g> iJQ compound tawny tomentose racemes collected 
 in a terminal panicle. Filaments glabrous, confluent below. Fruit 1^ in., oblong- 
 ellipsoidal, obtuse. 
 
 9. C. pilosum, A. W. Benn. ; extremities thinly hirsute, stipules subu- 
 late hairy, leaflets usually 5 obovate- to oblong-elliptical or broadly ellip^ 
 tical shortly acuminate more or less undulate-dentate above or subentire 
 glabrous and reticulate, thinly hirsute chiefly on the prominent reticula- 
 tion beneath, lateral nerves 9-13 pairs, pedicels shorter than shallow 3-lobe4 
 
534 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Canaj'ivin. 
 
 calyx, petals narrowly imbricate, stamens 6, filaments confluent \-\ their 
 length. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves |-1 ft., leaflets 3-6 by l^-2f in,, petiolule \ in. Eaccmes interrijpted, rusty- 
 pubescent or glabrate, from the uppennost axils, overtopped by the leaves; pedicels 
 tomentose, not exceeding the cupuiiform obscureiy-lobed calyx. PetaU tomeutose. 
 Filaments glabrous. Bttdiment of ovary setose, i^ritif not seen. — Wall. Cat. d)iOO, 
 from Siucapore, leaves only, may belong here. 
 
 10. C Hirtellum, A. W. Bemi. ; extremities tawny-tomentose, leaves 
 stipulate, leaflets 7-9 oblong-elliptical shortly and rather acutely acumi- 
 nate denticulate toward apex, reticulate at length glabrous above except . 
 pubescent midrib, shortly hirsute-pubescent and strongly reticulate beneath, 
 flowers tomentose fascicled in interrupted racemes from the upper axils, 
 calyx 3-lobed, petals narrowly imbricate, filaments 6 C(jnfluent half their 
 length, rudiment of ovary setose, fruit trigonous. Wall. Cat. 8102 and 
 9047. 
 
 Penakg, WaUich. 
 
 Lectves 1 ft. or more in length, rachis pubescent-tomentose, with a pair of linear- 
 subulate 4-in- stipules near the base ; leaflets varying from ovate- through oblong- to 
 obovate- elliptical, upper 3^-6 by 1^-2^ in. ; petiolules \ in. Pedicels scarcely exceeding 
 calyx. Howtrs ^-^ in. long. Iruit 1 in., glabrous, oblong-ellipsoidal, trigonous ; 
 stone hard, bony. — Nearly allied to C. pilosiim, differing in indumentum, pubescent 
 midrib above, the more triangular teeth of calyx, &c. 
 
 11. C. strictum, Roxh. Hort. Bmg. 49; Fl.Ind.m. 138; extremities 
 at first densely rusty-tomentose, leaflets 7-9 (-15) ovate-oblong or varying 
 from ovate to ovate-lanceolate acuminate denticulate-serrate or subentire 
 glabrescent above more or less closely pubescent-tomentose with 10-15 
 pairs of prominent lateral nerves beneath, panicles tomentose from the 
 upper axils interruptedly racemose, pedicels of ^ fl. shorter than 3-lobed 
 calyx, petals twice as long distinctly imbricate, filaments confluent half 
 their length. W. tC- A. Prodr. 175; Dalz. d; Glhs. Bomb. Fl. 52 ; Bedd. Fl. 
 Sylv. i. 128. 
 
 Westkrn Peninsula, Concao, Bababuden Hills, Anamallays, &c., Dalzell, Bed- 
 dome, &c. 
 
 Tall straight tree. Leaves 1-1^ ft. long more or less on flowering branches, varying 
 to 4 ft., stipules obsolete (stipulate, BoxLurgh, who had seen only barren shoots); leaf- 
 lets from 3-6 (-12) by 1^-24(5-) in. broad ; petiolule i\-^ in. Panicles shorter than 
 leaves, upper lateral branches short or flowers (of 6) in sessile fascicles ; 9 fl. less 
 crowded on stout longer pedicels marked with scar of small caducous bract. Calyx 
 tomentose, campanulate, shortly and broadly 3-lobed. Petals thinly tomentose above. 
 0?;a/*7/ glabrate, equalling the stout style, rudiment in <5 fl. setose. Drupe 1^-2 in., 
 ellipsoidal or ovoid, tapering, with a thick bony stone. 
 
 12. C. beng-alense, Boxh. Hort. Beng. 49 ; Fl. hid. iii. 136; extremi- 
 ties rusty-})ubescent glabrate with subulate stipules, leaflets 13-21 ovate- 
 oblong or lanceolate acuminate glabrous ?, panicles racemiform from upper 
 axils, petals 3 imbricate, filaments confluent half their length, disk hirsute 
 within the stamens, drupe ellipsoidal smooth. 
 
 SiLHET and adjoining districts, Boxhurgh. 
 
 Leaves 1-2 ft., leaflets subopposite, 3-6 by 1-2 in. Paniclea shorter than or equalling 
 the leaves (supra-axillary), buds cylindrical. CaZ/yj? cupuiiform, 3-fid. Petals ohovAie- 
 oblong. Drupe size of large olive, 1-3-celled, dark-purple pruinose, stone trigonous, 
 thick, bony. Cotyledons contortuplicate. — 1 have seen no specimen. The descrip- 
 tion is from Eoxburgh, I.e., and from his drawing, No. 2311. 
 
Canurium.] xxxvi. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 535 
 
 13. C. euphyllum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 295 ; leaves 
 2-3-ft. glabrous, leatiets 9-10 subopposite ovate- or oblong-elliptical apicu- 
 late obtusely glandular-serrulate, base rounded or subcordate, lateral nerves 
 14-16 pairs ratlier prominent beneath, peduncle elongate naked below, 
 flowers thinly tomentose, calyx obtusely 3-lobed glabrate, petals narrowly 
 imbricate, filaments 6 confluent half their length enclosing a short fleshy 
 lobed disk surrounding the ovary-rudiment. 
 
 South Andaman Islands, Kurz. 
 
 Upper leaflets 9-10 in. ; petiolule 4 in ; stipules 0? Panicle 1^ ft. long; branches 
 glabrous, naked below, Cali/x campanulate, broadly 3-lobed. Petals oblanceolale. 
 J^ruit unknown. — Description in part from Kurz, I.e. 
 
 *** Stamens inserted below margin ofjieshy disk. Pedicels slender. En- 
 docarp thin. 
 
 14. C. laxuxn, A. W. Benn. ; extremities leaf-rachis and inflorescence 
 hirsute more or less with tawny or rust-coloured spreading at length de- 
 ciduous setae, leaves 1-2^ ft. (exstipulate ?), leaflets 7-9 oblong or oblan- 
 ceolate-oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous with 11-17 pairs 
 prominent looping lateral nerves beneath, panicles elongate floxuose with 
 alternate lateral branches, pedicels slender articulated equalling or exceeding 
 the flower, calyx trifid, petak very narrowly imbricate glabrous, drupe 
 ellipsoidal with thin bony 1-celled stone. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaflets \-% ft. by 1^-24 in., upper usually larger, lower third of rachis terete naked, 
 usually loosely setose-hirsute towards the base. Panicle elongate, 1-2 ft., with sparse 
 patent setse, ultimate divisions often red- or rusty-tomentose. Calyx trifid, lobes obtuse 
 triangular. Petals ovate, obtuse. {Stamens 6, inserted below the margin of thin fleshy 
 di^k, Maingay.) Fruit about I4 by 1 in., ellipsoidal, 1-celled by abortion (rose- 
 coloured ; cotyledons digitate, Maingay). 
 
 ■x-x-sf-jf Stam£ns inserted outside margin of disk. Buds small, ghhose. En- 
 docarp thin. 
 
 15. C. rubig-inosum, A. W. Bmn.; leaves exstipulate?, leaflets 5-7 
 oblong-elliptical shortly and olDtusely acuminate gkbrous above thinly 
 pubescent at length glabrate beneath with 10-13 pairs prominent lateral 
 nerves incurved and nearly looping at the margin, ^ buds globose, calyx 
 entire, stamens 6, fruit ellipsoidal thinly drupaceous, stone crustaceous 
 1-seeded. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Extremities tawny hirsute-tomentose glabrescent. Leaves \-l ft. ; leaflets 4-6 by 
 li_2^ in.; petiohde ^-^ in. Panicle terminal; of S fl. pyramidal, with sparse diver- 
 gent branches simple below; pedicel equalling and dilated into short calyx. Petals 
 deltoid, valvate, externally tawny-tomentose. Fruit 1 by 4 in. (bright yellow; cotyle- 
 dons bright green, cleft on either side to the base into 5 hnear segments, contortupli- 
 cate ; radicle long, ascending, Maingay) . 
 
 16. C. Kadondon, A. W. Benn..; extremities early glabrous (leaves 
 exstipulate]), leaflets 7-9 elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate entire 
 glabrous or nearly so with 6-9 pairs subprominent incurved lateral nerves, 
 petiolules slender, flowers hermaphrodite, calyx broadly 3- (4-) lobed, 
 stamens 6, stigma in bud subsessiLe. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves \-\ ft.; rachis terete, nearly glabrous, lower \-\ naked ; leaflets 24-4 by 
 1-1 4 in., drying purplish brown ; petiolule 4 in. Panicle corymbose, thinly tomentose, 
 
536 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Canarium. 
 
 pedicels not exceeding the flower. Petals valvate. Ovary glabrous. Fruit un- 
 known. 
 
 ***** Stamens inserted around and upon wary-rudiment. Buds ellipsoidal 
 
 m. 
 
 17. C. parvifolium, A. W. Benn. ; wholly glabrous or nearly so, 
 leaflets 7 oblong lanceolate or elliptic acuminate, midrib prominent beneath, 
 lateral nerves faint, panicle terminal, buds ellipsoidal subsessile on pedicels 
 not exceeding cupuliform subentire calyx, petals imbricate, stamens inserted 
 around and upon the ovoid-subulate ov^ry -rudiment. 
 
 Malacca, Mctingay. 
 
 Leaves of flowering branches ^ ft. more or less ; leaflets 2-3J by |-1^ in. ; petiolule 
 l-i in. Buds on expansion ^-^ in. long, pubescent or glabrous. Fruit unknown. 
 
 18. C. coccineo-bracteatum, Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Be7ig.{lS7 2) ii. 
 296; extremities softly pubescent, leaves glabrous 1-2 ft., stipules deeply 
 divided segments rigid coarsely toothed, leaflets 7-9 shortly petiolulate 
 oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate entire or setose-serrulate glabrous with 
 about 10 pairs of lateral nerves and loose reticulation beneath, panicles 
 puberulous with scarlet oblong acute bracts. 
 
 South Andaman Islands, Kurz. 
 
 Leaflets 5-7 in. long. Expanded flowers and fruit undescribed. 
 
 8. SANTIRZA, Blume. 
 
 Balsamiferous trees. Leaves alternate, stipulate, 3-foliolate or imparipin- 
 nate, firm ; leaflets opposite, slightly oblique, entire. Flowers in axillary 
 rarely terminal patently branched panicles ; bracts usually obsolete ; brac- 
 teoles minute. Calyx cupuliform, 3-lubed or -fid, valvate. Pdals 3, valvate 
 or subimbricate, much exceeding the calyx. DisJc annular, fleshy, adnate. 
 Stamem 6 (rarely fewer by abortion), distinct, often unequal, inserted on 
 the margin or outside of the disk. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each 
 cell ; style short, stigma capitate. Drape ellipsoidal or subglobose, more 
 or less laterally compressed on the ventral side, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, st(jne 
 crustaceous or woody. CotyleAkms contortuplicate. — Distrib. Malayan 
 Archipelago. Species probably 25. 
 
 Sect. I. Xcicopsis. Anthers adnate. 
 
 1. S, Planchonii, A. W. Bean,; leaflets 11 glabrous on both surfaces 
 ovate-oblong elliptic or oblong obtusely acuminate or shortly caudate- 
 acuminate, base obliquely rounded, nervation inconspicuous above, lateral 
 nerves weak often bifurcating before reaching the margin, panicle with 
 numerous canescent lax slender ascending branches, bracts obsolete, 
 pedicels shorter than the flowers, calyx-segments deltoid acute, stamens 
 shorter than the petals. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, 21aingay. 
 
 Tree ; branchlets with pale-brown or ashy-grev somewhat striate bark, youngest palely 
 pubescent. Leaves of flowering-shoots 8-12 m. ; petiole 2-3 in., slightly flattened 
 above, glabresceut ; leaflets 3-4^ by }\-ll in,, glaucescent beneath, petiolule ^-J in. 
 Panicle 2-6 in., pedicels less than -xi^'m. Flowers with several minute very caducous 
 bracteoles_ immediately beneath the glabresceut calyx. Stamens with broad striate 
 filaments inserted just beneath the margin of the disk, spathulate above and with the 
 anther-cells attached on their inner face. Drupe ^ in. long, ellipsoidal, somewhat late- 
 
Santiria.] xxxvi. BURSERACEiE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 537 
 
 rally compressed on the ventral, gibbous on the dorsal side, purple, covered with pale 
 bloom ; style very oblique, but not basilar, as stated by Benth. and Hook, f, in Gen. PI. 
 i. 325. 
 
 Sect. II. Santiria proper. Anthers dorsifixed. 
 
 * Panicle branched fi^oin base, or nearly so. 
 
 2. S. costata, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets 7 glabrous above pubescent be- 
 neath elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely caudate-acuminate, base obliquely 
 acute, midrib prominent above pale, lateral nerves about 9 pairs inconspi- 
 cuous above and very prominent beneath divaricate curving towards the 
 margin, panicle pyramidal ferruginously pubescent, branches divaricating 
 subtended by lanceolate obtuse bracts, pedicels as long as the flowers, calyx 
 ultimately truncate-dentate, stamens about equalling the petals. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Tree ; branchlets with pale ashy-grey bark ; youngest branchlets, petioles and 
 petiolules ochraceously pubescent. Leaves of flowering shoots 6-8 in., petiole 1 in. 
 flat above ; leaflets 3^-6 by 1^-24 in., petiolule ^-^ in., transversely rugose, thickened 
 at both ends. Panicle 3 in, long (occasionally with a peduncle ^-^ in ). Floioers in 
 fascicles of about 4 on lateral branches of panicle, surrounded by several minute brac- 
 teoles ; pedicels ^ in. Calyx glabrescent. Stamens with slender filaments inserted 
 beneath the margin of the disk. Fruit unknown. 
 
 3. S. apiculata, A. W. Benn. ; leaves trifoliolate glabrous on both 
 sides elliptic or elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely caudate-acuminate, base 
 acute, midrib prominent above, lateral nerves weak bifurcating before reach- 
 ing the margin, panicle narrowly pyramidal, glabrous branches ascending, 
 bracts obsolete, pedicels twice as long as the flowers, calyx-segments 
 deltoid acute, stamens shorter than petals, style completely basal in fruit. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Tree ; branchlets with pale ashy-grey bark. Leaves of flowering-shoots, 6-8 in., 
 petiole 2 in., striate, flat above ; leaflets 24-4 by l:i:-2 in. broad, petiolule ^-| in., jointed 
 at the apex. Panicle 4-3 in. long (occasionally with a peduncle 4 in.) pedicels ^ in. 
 Bracteoles minute. Stamens with slender filaments inserted beneath the margin of the 
 disk, about equalling the capitate stigma. Drupe ^ in. long, ovoid, the obtuse protu- 
 berance bearing the style completely basal, giving the drupe the appearance of an 
 anatropous ovule ; stone thin, fragile ; fruit-pedicel ^ in. 
 
 4. S. puberula, \i. W. Benn.; leaflets 7-9 glabrous above minutely 
 pubescent beneath elliptic-oblong shortly '^ acuminate, base obliquely 
 rounded, midrib and lateral nerves inconspicuous above, lateral nerves 
 about 8 pairs prominent below curving towards the margin, panicle pyra- 
 midal lax few-flowered canescent, scurfy branches patent dividing only 
 at the apex, bracts obsolete, pedicels as long as the flowers, calyx ultimately 
 truncate-dentate, stamens rather shorter than petals. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Tree ; branchlets with brown striate bark when young, as well as petioles and 
 petiolules clothed with minute canescence. Leaves of flowering-shoots 6-8 in. ; 
 petioles 14-2 in., flat above ; leaflets 3-44 by l|-2 in., petiolule ^ in., transversely 
 rugose, slightly thickened at the apex. Panicle 2^-4: in. long; pedicels ^V "i. long. 
 Bracteoles minute. Calyx minutely pubescent. Stamens with slender filaments in- 
 serted beneath the margin of the disk. Fruit unknown. 
 
 5. S. conferta, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets 13 firm glabrous and finely 
 reticulate above clothed with minute rusty pubescence beneath more or less 
 broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed, base obliquely 
 
538 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Santiria. 
 
 rounded, lateral nerves about 10 pairs curved and weak towards margin, 
 
 Eanicle pyramidal rather compact ferruginously-pubescent divaricately 
 ranched, bracts obsolete, pedicels shorter than the flowers, calyx ultimately 
 truncate-dentate, stamens shorter than petals. 
 Malacca, Griffith^ Maingay. 
 
 Tree ; branchlets with pale-brown irregularly striate bark when young, as well as pe- 
 tioles and petiolules clothed with ferruginous pubescence. Leaves of flowering-shoots 
 12-18 in. ; petiole 4—5 in., closely striate below, shallowly channelled above, petiolule 
 ^-^ in. (slightly transversely rugose and thickened at either extremity. Panicle 3-4 in., 
 pedicels ^ in. Bracteoles minute, obtuse. Calyx pubescent. Stamens inserted be- 
 neath the margin of the disk. iJrupe as in S. ajyiculata, but a more reddish purple 
 \ehen dry. 
 
 ** Panicle 2^edimcidaie. 
 
 6. S. laevlgrata, Blume Miis. Bot. i. 211 ; leaflets 7-15 ghibrous on 
 both surfaces elli))tic-lanceolate elliptic or oblong acuminate, base acute 
 or rounded, midrib prominent above, lateral nerves 12-18 pairs more or 
 less divaricating, panicle shorter than leaves pyramidally branched, pe- 
 duncle and branches minutely pubenilous, bracts obsolete, })edicels as long 
 as tlie flowers, calyx at length truncate-dentate, stamens about equalling 
 petals, style nearly basal in fruit. Canarium laevigatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. 
 Bat. vol i. pt. 2, 648. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 A large tree ; branchlets striate, with decurrent angles from the bases of the leaves 
 and ashy-brown bark with minute white warts. Leaves of flowerin.: shoots 10-18 in. ; 
 petiole 2-4 in., striate and channelled above; leaflets 4-7 by 1^-2 in., petiolule ^-.^ in. 
 Panicle 6-9 in., peduncle 2^-4 in., pedicels about jlj in. Bracteoles minute. Calyx 
 minutely hispid, ultimately almost transversely truncate. Stamens witli filaments 
 dilated at the base, inserted just below the outer margin of the disk. Drupe sub- 
 globose, ^ in. diam. — Blume has figured the stamens incorrectly as inserted at the 
 base of the disk, as is proved by the examination of an authentic specimen. 
 
 7. S. multiflora, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets about 7 glabrous above except 
 the prominent tomentose midrib ferruginously pubescent beneath elliptic- 
 oblong shortly acuminate, base obliquely rounded, lateral nerves about 
 15-18 pairs, panicle shorter than leaves pyramidally branched, peduncle 
 and branches ocliraceously pubescent, bracts caducous, pedicels as long 
 as the flowers, calyx at length trancate-dentate, stamens about equalling 
 the petals, style subterminal in fruit. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Tree ; young branchlets, pedicels and inflorescence ochraceously pubescent. Leaves 
 of flowering shoots 6-12 in.; petiole 2-4 in., striate and flat above; leaflets 4-6 by 
 l^-2\ in., petiolule |-4 in. Panicle 4-6 in., peduncle %-\^ in., pedicels -^^ in. Brac- 
 teoles minute. Cahjx minutely hispid. Petals covered with a glaucous bloom. 
 Stamens with filaments slightly dilated at the base, inserted just below the outer mar- 
 giu of the disk. Drvpe 4 in. long, globosely cylindric, reticulate and pruinose when 
 dry ; stone woody ; fruit-pedicel ^ in. long, stout. — This agrees in everything except 
 the small number of leaflets with S. tomentosa, BL, which occurs in Sumatra, and with 
 which it may eventually prove identical. 
 
 8. S. Maing-ayl, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets 7-9 glabrous on both sides 
 oblong-lanceolate shortly acuminate, base acute, lateral nerves about 10 
 curving towards the margin, panicle shorter than the leaves cyraosely dicho- 
 tomously branched, peduncle and branches minutely puberulous finally 
 glabrescent, bracts obsolete, pedicels rather longer than the flowers, calyx- 
 teeth deltoid obtuse, stamens shorter than the petals. 
 
Santiria.] xxxvi. burserace^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 539 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Tree ; branchlets smooth, striate, pale brown. Leaves of flowering shoots 10-22 in, ; 
 petiole 3-6 in., striate and flat above; leaflets 5-6 by H-2| in., petiolule ^-| in. 
 thickened at the apex. Panicle 10-12 in., peduncle 4 in., pedicels ^V i"- Bracteoles 
 very minute. Calyx and petals minutely puberulous and rather fleshy. Stamens 
 inserted below the margin of the crenate disk. Fruit unknown. 
 
 9. S. fasciculata, A. W. Benn, ; leaflets 7 glabrous on both surfaces 
 elliptic or elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely cordate-acuminate, base acute,- 
 midrib prorninent above, lateral nerves about 8 depressed above prominent 
 below divaricate curving towards the margin, panicle exceedmg the leaves 
 with long slender filiform puberulous branches bearing small distant fasci- 
 cles of minute flowers, bracts obsolete, calyx-lobes ovate acute, stamens 
 shorter than the petals. 
 
 Malacca, 3Iaingay. 
 
 Tree ; branchlets smooth with ashy-brown bark. Leojoes of flowering shoots about 
 1 ft ; petiole 2 in., with 2 lateral edges, scarcely flattened above, leaflets 4-5 in., 
 l|-24 in. broad, petiolule about 1 in. transversely rugose thickened at either end. 
 Panicle rather longer than leaves, peduncle 3-4 in. long, pedicels twice as long or 
 shorter than flowers. Bracteoles obsolete. Flowers about ^V ^^- long. Calyx mi- 
 nutely hispid. Stamens inserted on the outer margin of the disk. Fruit unknown. — 
 This appears to agree very closely with the description of S. virgata, Bl., except that 
 the leaves have the midrib tomentose beneath. 
 
 9. TZtlGONOCUIiAl^YS, Hook. f. 
 
 A tree with pustulate tomentose-pubescent branches. Leaves alternate, 
 imparipinnate with opposite petiolulate leaflets. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 
 large, 3-partite, valvate, persistent. Petals 3, valvate, about equalling calyx. 
 Disk annular. Stamens 6, inserted in the margin of the disk ; filaments very- 
 short. Ovary 3-celled, nearly globose ; style straight, short, stigma 
 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, axile. Drupe obliquely globose, 1-celled. 
 1-seeded. 
 
 1. T. G-riffithii, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc xxiii. 170, t. xxvii. ; 
 leaflets about 13-15 elliptic-acuminate rather coriaceous with a very pro- 
 minent midrib, panicle axillary, shorter than the leaves, flowers ruf<:)us- 
 tomentose with 2 spathulate bracts at base of the pedicel^ drupe glabrous 
 about the size of a cherry. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 10. FIX.ICIUIKE, Thwaites. 
 
 A lofty tree with angular often scaly branches. Leaves imparipinnate, >vith 
 opposite sessile leaflets and broadly-winged rachis. Flowers polygamous. 
 Calyx 5-partite, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, small, imbricate. Disk 
 5-lobed, tomentose. Stamens 5, inserted within the disk, equal ; filaments 
 subulate, free. Ovary globose, 2-celled ; style bent, stigma simple or 
 2-lobed; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Drupe fleshy, usually 
 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 1. P. decipiens, Tkwaites Enum. 408; leaflets about 15 narrowly 
 elliptical quite glabrous -sometimes glaucous, wing of rachis spathulate 
 between each pair of leaflets, drupe about the size of a large pea nearly 
 globose glabrous. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. i. t. 129. Pteridophyllum decipiens. 
 
540 XXXVI. BURSERACE^. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Filimim. 
 
 Thwaites, 1. c, 59, and in Hooh. Kew Journ. Bot. vi. 66, t. i. B, Rhus deci- 
 piens, W. <k A. Prodr. 172 ; Wight III. I 184, t. iD.—Bintn. FI. Zeyl. t. 45. 
 Western Pen' insula ; throughout the Western Ghats ascending to 4-5000 ft., Bed- 
 dome; Ceylon, in the central province, ascending to 3000 ft., Thicaites. 
 
 Order XXXVII. MELIACE^. (By W. P. Hiern, M.A.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Lmves alteniate, exstipulate, usually pinnate rarely 
 simple or bipinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, usually quite entire and 
 more or less oblique at base. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious, 
 regular, usually in axillary panicles. Cah/x 3-6-lobed rarely entire or with 
 free sepals, usually imbricated in bud. Petals 3-6, free or rarely connate at 
 the base, sometimes adhering to the lower half of the staminal tube, valvate 
 imbricated or contorted. Stamens 4-12, inserted outside the base of the 
 hypogynous disk, filaments connate in a tube or rarely free ; anthers erect, 
 usually sessile on the tube, included or exserted, 2-celled, longitudinally 
 dehiscing. HyixKfynous disk tubular annular or obsolete, free or connate 
 with the ovary. Ovary usually free, 2-5-celled ; style single, stigma disci- 
 form or capitate ; ovules 2, rarely more, collateral or superposed, raphe 
 ventral, micropyle superior. Fruit capsular drupaceous or baccate. Seed^ 
 exalbuminous or sometimes with fleshy albumen, often enclosed in an 
 aril. — DiSTRiB. About 300 species, mostly tropical, widely spread over both 
 hemispheres. Miquel enumerates 113 species as occurring in the Indian 
 Archipelago. 
 
 Swictcnia [Nralingoni, Linn. (Mnhocrany) has heen successfully cultivated near Cal- 
 cutta and in Sikkim {Brandts For. Flor. 70) ; it is a native of the West Indies and 
 Central Africa. 
 
 In the development of the flower of this Order the staminal-tube and the style are 
 late in completing their growth. 
 
 Heynichia malleoides, Kth. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844 Coll. adnot. 8, supposed 
 to have come from East India, is a sj^ecies of Moschoxylum, near M. elegans, A. Jusa.^ 
 and probably came from South Amenca. 
 
 Tribe I. MelleaD. Leaflets often toothed. Stamens united into a 
 tube. Cells of ovary 1-2-ovuled. Seeds not winged, albumen thin fleshy ; 
 cotyledons thin, foliaceous. 
 
 Leaves simple 1. Turrjea. 
 
 Leaves tritbliolate pinnate or 2-3-pinnate. 
 Flowers elongated. Style long. 
 
 Petioles winged. Ovules collateral 2. Naregamia. 
 
 Petioles not winged. Ovules superposed. 
 
 Disk tubular. Petals cohering half way. Fruit capsular, 
 
 loculicidally 5-valved 3. Munkonia. 
 
 Disk aimular. Petals free. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent 4. Melia. 
 Flowers globose. Style rather short 5. Cipadessa. 
 
 Tribe II. Trlchilieee. Leaflets entire. Stamens united into a tube 
 (free in one species of Walsura). Cdls of ovary 1-2-ovuled (2-5-ovuled in 
 Carapa). Seeds not winged, albumen ; cotyledons thick. 
 
 Flowers and staminal-tube oblong or linear. Style elongated. 
 Capsule loculicidal. Leaves pinnate. 
 
 Flowers oblong. Anthers short. Ovules 2 together, rarely 
 
 solitary 6. Dysoxylum. 
 
 Flowers linear or oblong. Anthers linear. Ovules solitary . 7. Chisocheton. 
 Berry indehiscent. Leaves trifoliolate 8. Sandokigum. 
 
XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) 541 
 
 Flowers and staminal-tube globose or turbinate. Style short or 
 obsolete. 
 Anthers included in the staminal-tube or nearly so. Ovules 1-2 
 together. Seeds not angular. 
 
 Anthers 5, isomerous 9. Aglaia. 
 
 Anthers 6-10; flowers diplosteraonous. 
 
 Berry indehiscent - , ^ 10. Lansium. 
 
 Capsule loculicidal 11. Amooka. 
 
 Anthers exserted, or filaments free. Ovules 1-2 together. Seeds 
 not angular except Beddomea. 
 Seeds arillate. Calyx 4-5-fid. Flowers small. 
 
 Berry indehiscent, shortly tomentose 12. Walsura. 
 
 Capsule loculicidal, glabrous ... 13. Heynea. 
 
 Seeds exarillate. Calyx 4-5-partite. Flowers of moderate 
 
 size, 14. Beddomea. 
 
 Anthers included. Ovules 2-8 together. Seeds angular . .15. Carapa. 
 
 Tribe III. SwietenieaB. Stamens united into a tube. Celh of ovary 
 witli numerous ovules. Seech not winged. 
 
 Petals obovate, spreading. Staminal-tube cup-shaped. Disk wide. 
 
 Ovary 5-celled ......_..._.. 16. Soymida. 
 
 Petals oblong, erect-patent. Staminal-tube cylindrical. Disk ob- 
 solete. Ovary 3-celled 17. Chickrassia. 
 
 Tribe IV. CedreleBB. Stamens disXind. Cells of ovary 8-12-ovuled. 
 
 Petals oblong, erect. Stamens 4-6, sometimes with alternating 
 staminodes. Ovary 5-celled. Albumen thin fleshy ; cotyledons 
 subfolinceous 18. Cedrela. 
 
 Petals unguicnlate, spreading. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled. 
 Albumen wanting ; cotyledons plano-convex 19, Chloroxylon. 
 
 1. TURRSA, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, quite entire or obtusely lobed. 
 Peduncles axillary, with numerous small bracts at base, bearing elongated 
 white or yellow flowers. Calyx campanulate, 5-4-fid. Petals 5-4, elongated, 
 spatliulate, imbricated in bud, free, diverging in full flower. Staminal- 
 tuhe elongated, toothed at the apex; anthers 10 or 8, short, inserted just 
 within th(i mouth, alternating with the teeth. Disk annular or obsolete. 
 Ovary 5- or more-celled ; cells opposite the calyx-lobes when equal in 
 number to them, with 2 superposed ovules ; style elongated, exserted, 
 stigma capitate. Capsule 4- or more-celled, loculicidal ; valves woody or 
 coriaceous, separating from the winged axis. Seeds with a broad ventral 
 hilum, albumen fleshy ;_ embryo foliaceous. — Disteib. A genus of 12-16 
 species, confined to tropical Asia, and tropical and South Africa. 
 
 1. T. virens, Linn. Mant Plant, alt. 237 ; glabrate, shining, leaves 
 elliptrc-oblong subacuminate emarginate coriaceous, base obtuse, flowers 
 yellow, style just exserted, capsule hairy. Sm. PL Ic. t. 10 ; not of Hel- 
 lenius ; Grah. Cat. LoJiib. PL 31 ; Penn. PL Jav. Par. 181; Dalz. i Giis. 
 Bomb. FL 36. 
 
 Western Peninsula; amongst lava heaps, Kozyiig; common on the Ghats, Dalz. db 
 Gibs. 
 
 An evergreen shrub, 3-4 ft. high, or a tree. Leaves 2^3| by 1-1 1 in., shortly 
 petioled, margins slightly revolute, paler beneath. Flowers 1-1 5 in. long, in axillary 
 
542 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Turraa. 
 
 or lateral clusters, shortly peduncled. Caly.v shortly 5-fid, hairy. Staminal-tuhe about 
 
 1 in. long, with 10 lanceolate teeth. Ovary 5-celled. Capsule ^ in. long, hairy. /Seeds 
 not winged. 
 
 2. T. villosa, Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 182; more or less pubescent with 
 short hairs, leaves elliptic or ovate shortly acuminate thin, iDase obtuse or 
 caneate^ flowers white, style far exserted, capsule glabrate. Wvjiit Ic. t. 
 1593. Euonymus (sp.) Beddoim Fhr. Sylv. Anal. Gen. bdv. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; on the Anamallay and Mahableshwur hills ; Guzerat, at 
 Dolra, Hove in Hh. Banks. 
 
 A large shrub or small tree. Leaves in flower usually about 1^ in., in fruit 2-4 in. 
 and sometimes glabrate, entire, shortly petioled. Flowers sweet-scented, 1-1 ^ in. 
 long, in axillary clusters or short racemes, 3-6 together, about double the length of the 
 peduncles. Calyx short, pubesceut. Stamhial-Uihe |-1 in. long, glabrous as well as 
 the petals ; teeih very short. Ovary 5-celled.' CajiSide subglobose, about ^ in. long. 
 /Seeds not winged. 
 
 2. NAREGAMXA, W. & A. 
 
 A small glabrous and shining undershrub. Leaves trifoliolate. Peduncles 
 axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. CV/7//a; small, campanulate, 5-cleft, deciduous. 
 Petals 5, free, elongate-si)athulate, imbricated in bud, at length spreading 
 above. Staminal-tube elongated, inflated above, obsoletelv lo-crenate at 
 the mouth; anthers 10, terminal, shortly oblong, inserted at the crenatures of 
 themouth,exserted,setaceous-apiculate. Bisk animi^v. Ovary 3-celled, ovules 
 
 2 collateral in each cell, pendulous ; style filiform, stigma capitate. Capstde 
 ovoid-globose, ;:-lobed, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved; valves separating 
 from the :j-winged axis. Seeds 2 in each cell, albumen fleshy ; embryo 
 foliaceous.— DisTRiB. One Indian species, represented in Angola, West Tro- 
 pical Africa by a shortly hairy form scarcely likely to prove specifically 
 distiftct. 
 
 1. N. alata, W. d: A. Prodr. i. 117; leaflets sessile cuneate-obovate 
 quite entire or obtusely lobed, common petioles winged. Wall. Cat. 9038 ; 
 Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 30 ; Balz. ct' Gibs. Bomb. FL 36 ; brury Ind. FL i. 161 ; 
 Wight Ic. t. 90. N. dentata, J//>y. in PL Uolunack. No. 79. Turrsea alata, 
 Wight ex W: tC- A. Lc.— Witede 11 art. Mat. x. t. '22. 
 
 Western Peninsula; or the Western Ghats froiii the Concan southwards.— Distrib. 
 Angola (a pubesceut form). 
 
 Branches erect or decumbent, from a few inches to 2 ft. long. Leaves 1-4 in. long; 
 terminal leaflets rather larger than the lateral ones and about the; length of the common 
 petiole. Flowers 1-1 4 in. long, quite white, lunger than the peduncles. >Style 
 yellow. 
 
 3. MUNXIONZA, Wight. 
 
 Shrubs or undershrubs with trifoliolate or unequally pinnate leaves, 
 entire or coarsely toothed leaflets, elongated flowers, and axillary few- 
 flowered peduncles. Calyx 5-partite, short at least in flower, i)ersi.stent, 
 subfoliaceous. Petals 5, elongate-spathulate, cohering half way. iStaminal- 
 tube adnate below to the corolla, cylindrical, 10-toothed at the apex ; 
 anthers 10, terminal, alternating with the teeth, setaceous-apiculate. Disk 
 membranous, tubular, sheathing the ovary and base of the style. Ovary 5- 
 celled ; cells opposite the sepals, 2-ovuled ; style elongated, slender, stigma 
 capitate ; ovules superposed. Capsule depressed-globose, 5-lobec], coria- 
 ceous, loculicidally 5-valved; valves separating from the 5-wiuged axis. 
 
Munrania.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 543 
 
 ^'eeJs winged, albumen thin. — Distrib. Three species confined to India 
 and the Malay Archipelago. 
 
 1. 3M[. pumila, Wight Ic. t. 91 ; III. i. 147 ; leaflets 3 rarely 4-5 elliptic- 
 lanceolate terminal one longer, peduncles axillary few-flowered crowded 
 near the top of the short stem. Thwaites Enum, 59. Melia pumila, Moon 
 Cat. 35. 
 
 Ceylon ; not uncommon in the warmer parts of the Island. 
 
 More or less hirsute, 8-6 in. above the ground ; leaves about as long ; petiole 
 scarcely half^s long; lateral leaflets subsessile ; terminal one l^-^^ in. long. Flowers 
 15-14 in. long, white, somewhat hairy outside. Peduncles short, bracteate. Sta- 
 minal-tube with subulate teeth. Fruit | in. diam., hairy. — Much valued in India as a 
 medicinal plant. 
 
 2. BI. Wallichii, WigM III. i. 147 ; leaflets 5-9 usually 7 opposite or 
 subopposite lanceolate or ovate lateral ones very shortly petioled, base 
 obliquely rounded or rarely cuneate, peduncles axillary bearing a few 
 fascicled flowers crowded at the top of the stem. Turra^a pinnata, Wall. 
 PL As. Rar. il 21, t. 119. K neilgherrica, Wight III. i. 147, t. 54. 
 
 Eastern Tropical Himalaya, in Sikkim. Khasia Mts. Nilghiri Mts. at Koondah 
 Ghat. 
 
 A shrub. Leaves approximated at the ends of the branches, 6-12 in. ; leaflets 
 1-5 in. by f-l^ in. ; petiole 2-4 in. Flowers 1-1 5 in. long, pale rose or white, hairy 
 outside. Peduncles 1 in. long, hairy, bent downwards after flowering, bracteate. Sta- 
 minal-tube with short subulate teeth. Fruit 4-| in- diam., hairy. 
 
 \ 
 
 4. MEIiIA, Linn. 
 
 Trees with pinnate or 2-3-pinnate leaves, toothed or entire leaflets and 
 panicled axillary flowers ; pubescence often stellate-mealy. Caly^ short, 
 5-6-lobed, imbricated. Petals 5-6, free, spathulate-©blong, patent, imbri- 
 cated in bud. Staminal-tuhe cylindrical, dilated at bS,se and apex, 10- or 
 12-striate and -toothed ; anthers 10 or 12, included or partly exserted, short, 
 inserted near apex. Disk annular. Ovary 3-6-celled ; cells alternate to the 
 sepals when equal in number to them ; sttjle slender, nearly as long as the 
 tube, stigma capitate ; ovules ^ superposed. Fruit drupaceous, ISeeds 
 with thin fleshy albumen ; cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. A genus con- 
 taining scarcely more than the following five species. 
 
 Melia latifg^^§/$h Griff. Itin. Notes, AMQ2. is a misprint for Melica latifolia, floxb. 
 
 * Leaves smipiy pinnsite. ♦^ •* y 
 
 1. in. tomentosa, Roxb. Hcfd^ Betg. ^^^^l. Ind. ii. 394; leaves 
 simply pinnate, leaflets subsessilej 2o o}*more opposite lanceolate acumi- 
 nate needle-pointed firmly coriaceoi^ base obtuse, panicles spike-like on 
 long peduncles, flowers 5-merous, teeth of stammal tube linear-oblong 
 notched about equalling the anthers, ovary 5-celled 
 
 Penang, Roxburgh. 
 
 A large tree, with the young parts petioles lower surface of leaflets bracts calyx ex- 
 terior of petals interior of staminal-tube ovary and style downy. . Leaves 6 ft. or more 
 Ion.; continuing to expand leaflets at the apex ; leaflets ranging up to 1 ft. Flowers 
 pretty large, very numerous, crowded. Bracts subulate. Calyx cup-shaped, subentire. 
 Young fruit 5-celled, ^\ath 1. seed in each cell. — There is a coloured drawing of this 
 plant amongst Roxburgh's jfr^'ings in the Kew Herbarium, but no speciiuen. 
 
544 XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hieni.) [Melia. 
 
 2. M. ezcelsa, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 12; leaves simply pinnate, 
 leaflets numerous (19) subopposite or alternate ovate-oblong rather ob- 
 tusely acuminate quite entire glabrous, base very oblique subauriculate, 
 panicle ascending about equalling the leaves, flowers 5-merous, calyx 
 short with rounded sepals, petals puberulent outside, staminal tube 10-fur- 
 rowed obtusely 10-20-toothed, anthers 10 somewhat exserted, style rather 
 thickly filiform, ovary 3-celled. Griff. NotuL iv. 499 ; Ilook. Bot. Misc. i. 
 281 ; Wall. Cat. 1253, b no7i B. 
 
 Penang, Jack, Walltxih ; Mergui, Oriffith (cult. ?) 
 
 A lofty tree of 50 ft. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, 2-2 4 It. ; 
 petiole terete, thickened and somewhat scaly at base; leaflets 3-6 by 1^-2 in., petio- 
 lules ^-J in. Pedicels short, bracteolate. Flowers white, ^-f in. long. iStaininal-tubc 
 glabrous outside. Ovary glabrous. 
 
 3. M. Azadirachta, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. l 385 ; leaves simply pinnate, 
 leaflets 9-15 opposite sub(»pposite or alternate lanceolnte acuminate oblique 
 or subfalcate serrate glabrous shortly petioluled st)metimes sublobed near 
 the obtuse base, flowers 5-merous, calyx 5-fid with obtuse or rounded 
 lobes, petals shortly ciliate, anthers nearly equalling the obtuse teeth of 
 the staminal tube, ovary 3-celled, fruit 1-celled 1-seeded. Moxb. llort. 
 Beng. 33 ; Fl. Iml. ii. 394 ; Griff. iVottd. iv. 5fK) ; Wall. Cat. 1251 ; Bedd. Fl. 
 tSfjlvat. t. 1 4 ; scarcely of Gofrtner. M. parviflora, M(xm Cat. 35. M. indica, 
 Brandis For. Flo7\ 07. Azadirachta indica, Ad7\ Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. 
 221, t. 13, f. 5; W. ii' A. Frodr. I 118 ; Wight Ic. t. 17 ; Grah. Cat, Bomh. 
 PL 30 ; Dalz. ^' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36.— Jiheede Jlort. Mai. iv. t. 62. 
 
 A common tree throughout the greater part of India, often planted, as elsewhere in 
 
 hot climates. * 
 
 A large tree of 40-50 ft.,, with a straight trunk. Leaves 8-15 in., crowded near 
 the o»da of the branches; leaflets 1-3 by 4-1 i in. Floicers white, honey-scented, 
 ff-o i"-^Jff- L>rype oblong„4-i '"• '^^^S- — ^^^^ "Neera;" "the seeds supply oil: see 
 jBuchanari, Journ. MadrA. 9 ; a gum is also said to exude from the tree, Bach. I.e. 
 188. The wood re8emll(B|iyiahogany, and the bark is very bitter. 
 
 ** Leaves twice or three timp pinnate. 
 
 4. M. Azedaracli, JJnn. Sp. PI. c<:^W^84; leaves bi^innate occa-^j 
 sionally tripinuate, ultimate leaflets 3-12^Mtsite subopposite or alternaj;e. " 
 ovate or lanceolate serrate or entire c^cuminate, base more' or less obliqi^,4' 
 flowers usually 5-merous, calyx deeuly 4obed lobes lai^glate-oblong, ^ 
 petals puberulent, »uthers nearly eyMng the linecl^^AIBl^e teeth ofs^ 
 the purple quite oiynearlv glal)n)ua»,Mft<il tube, ovai^fc^^BJ fniit with 
 
 5 or fewer cells aiyd seeds. RooSjmKwtfnieng. 33; Fl. mWfJK^^ ', Wight 
 Ic. t. 160 ; Wall. Cat. 1250 >jboimkFl. ^tent. L 954 : W. d: A.M^dr. i. 117 ; 
 Adr. Juss. in Mhn. J/^.^H?. tj.l3,j4; Bot. Mag. t. 106^; Bedd. Fl. 
 Sijlvat. t. 13 ; Brandis Fo7\ Flor. (to. ^M sempervirens, Sw. Prodr. 67 ; Bot. 
 Beg. t. 643 ; lioxb. Uort. Beng. 3,mFl. Ind. ii. 395 ; Wall. Cat. 1252 ; 
 Dalz. (6 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Sappl. 15. It Bukay\^% i?oy/e lU. Bot. 144 ; On^iff. 
 Itin. Notes 355, 403. / ' s 
 
 Commonly cultivated in India; wild in the sub-Himalayan tract, alt. 2-3000 ft. — 
 DiSTRiB. Persia, China, {Eoxb.) — Cult, elsewhere. 
 
 A tree from 40 ft. downwards with a short erect tnmkiand broad crowmv *te<7we» 
 9-18 in. ; leaflets ^-3 by ^-1^ in. Floicers lilac, i-lLin. long, honey-scented^ Drupe 
 subglobose, ^-f in. diam. — Numerous synonyms not stig Indian are omitted. Wood 
 hard- finely marked ; the seeds are used to make robarr^ 
 
Melia.] xxxvri. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 545 
 
 5. M. dubia, Cav. Diss, (vii.) 364(1789); leaves bipinnate or occa- 
 sionally tripinnate, ultimate leaflets 2-1 1 opposite ovate or oblong-lanceolate 
 entire or crenate-serrate acuminate, base more or less oblique, panicles mealy 
 with stellate hairs rather dense, calyx-lobes ovate, petals mealy, anthers 
 exceeding the numerous short subulate teeth of the hairy mouth of the 
 white staminal tube, ovary 5-celled, fruit with 5 or fewer cells and seeds. 
 M. composita, Willd. Sp. PL ii. 559 (1799), not of De Candolle ; W. <k A. 
 Prodr. i. 117 ; Dak. (& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36; Thwdites Enum. 59; Bedd. Fl. 
 Sylvat. t, 12 ; Brandis For. Flor. 69. M. superba, Roxh. Ilort. Beng. 33 ; 
 Fl Ind. ii. 396 ; Wall. Cat. 1254. M. robusta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; FL 
 Ind. ii. 397. M. australasica, Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. 257. M. aethio- 
 
 Eica, Welw. Apontam. Phyto-qeogr. Prov. Angola, 584. M. Bombolo, Welw. 
 c. 561. M. argentea, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. Gat. 1254, C. 
 
 The Eastern and Western Peninsulas ; Birma and Ceylon; wild and cultivated. 
 — DisTRiB. Tropical Asia, Australia, and Angola, 
 
 A large handsome tree. Leaves 9-24 in.; leaflets |-3 by \-l^ in. Flowers greenish- 
 white, fragrant, \-\ in. long. Drupe ellipsoidal, ^ in. or more long. — By the kindness 
 of Dr. Keeper, Professor of Botany at the University of Kostock, I have been enabled 
 to examine the original specimen of M. dubia, Cav.y and to ascertain its identity 
 with M. composita, Willd. 
 
 5. CIFADIISSA, Blume. [Mallea, Juss.). 
 
 Shrubs or small trees with odd-pinnate leaves, opposite or subopposite 
 coarsely serrate or entire leaflets, axillary peduncled panicles and sub- 
 globose flowers. Calyx small, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, 
 rather short, spreading, free, valvate in bud. Staminal tube deeply 10-lobed, 
 adnate below to the disk, lobes linear, bifid at the apex ; anthers short, 
 inserted between the teeth, subapiculate. Disk shortly' cup-shaped, wholly 
 adnate to the base of the staminal tube. Ovary 5-celled ; cells alternate 
 with thcj calyx-lobes : style rather short, stigma clavate-capitate ; ovules 
 t'^a.eollateral, pendulous. Drupe slightly fleshy, 5-ribbed, 5-celled ; ribs 
 .-alternate with the calyx-lobes ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds with fleshy albu- 
 men ; embryo subfoliaceous. — Disteib. A genus of 2 species, limited to 
 India and^^the Malay Archipelago. 
 
 'uticosa, Blume Bijd. 162 ; leaflets 7-11 ovate or elliptic entire 
 ly serrate pubescent on the nerves beneath, ovary glabrous. CV 
 ?ra, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 6. C. 1 subscandens, Miq. I.e. 7. 
 Ikx bacjifera. Roth Nov. Sp. 215. Ekebergia indica, Roxb. Hort. Bena. 33; 
 592; Wall. Cat. 1256. E. ? integerrima. Wall. Cat. 1257 . Mallea 
 [dr. Ju^s. in Mem. Mus. xix. 222, t. 13, f. 6 ; W. d^ A. Prodr. i. 118 ; 
 Bomb. PI. SI; Thwaites Enum. 60 ; Dalz. d^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 37 ; 
 Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. liv. t. 8, f. 5. M. integerrima, Wall, ex Voigt 
 Sub. Calc. 134. M. subscandens, Teysm. d Binnend.. in Nat. Tidjdschr. 
 NeT^r, Ind. xxvii. 39. Melia montana, Hb. Madr. ex Wall. Cat. 1256, D. 
 
 W;^ERN H^NiNSULA ; from the Concan and Gircars southwards to Ceylon. — 
 Dtstuib. Java. 
 
 A^^l,acb branched shrub, erect or in dense moist forests somewhat scandent. Leaves 
 Smifi in.; leaflets 1-34 by \-^h i"-> shortly petiolulate. Flowers \-\ in. long; 
 panicles mostly on long peduncles. Fruit \-^ in. diam. 
 
 
 VOL.^^ N N 
 
646 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Dysoxylum. 
 
 6. Z>VSOXirX.VM, Blume. 
 
 Trees, mostly glabrous. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets quite entire, opposite 
 subopposite or alternate, more or less acuminate at the apex and oblique at 
 the base, coriaceous. Flowers paniculate, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-fid, 
 dentate or partite or subentire, imbricated, caducous. Petals 4-5, oblong, 
 spreading, valvate or slightly imbricated. jSta7ni?ial tube cylindrical, den- 
 tate or crenulate at mouth ; anthers short, 6, 8 or 10, included or half 
 exserted. Disk tubular, equalling or twice the length of the ovary, cre- 
 nulate or entire at the mouth. Ovary usually 3-4-celled ; style about 
 equalling the staminal tube ; ovules usually 2 in each celL Capsule globose 
 or ^ear-shaped, coriaceous (often thickly so), 1-4-celled, loculicidal ; seeds 
 arillate or exarillate, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Species about 40, many 
 in the Malay Archipelago, and a few in Australia and New Zealand. 
 
 The Indian Bpeciee appear to be endemic. Many species emit an alliaceous odour. 
 
 Sect. L Calyx cup-shaped, subentire, about half the length of the 
 flower. 
 
 1. D. binectariferam, Hook.f. ex Bedd. in Trav^. Linn. Soc. xxv. 
 212 ; pallid, leaflets 5-9 alternate elliptic acuminate glabrous, panicles 
 nearly glabrous much shorter than the leaves, pedicels shorter than the 
 4-merous obsoletely tomentose flowers, calyx thick urceolate-cupshaped 
 subentire, petals valvate except the apex, disk glabrous inside scarcely 
 so outside twice as long as the 4-celled shortly hairy ovary, style very 
 shortly hairy, fruit obovoid somewhat pyriform or subglobose nearly 
 glabrate or puberulous. Guarea binectarifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 ; FL 
 Ind. ii. 240; Wall. Gat. 1260; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 31. D. macrocarpum, 
 Thwaites Enum. GO; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 150; Anal. Gen. liv. ; not of 
 Blume. G. Gotadlfora, Bnch. Ham. in Edinh. Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 307 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 4884, excl. lett. B. Epicharis exarillata, Am. ex W. (^ A. Prodr. 
 i. 120, 7iot of Nimmo. 1 G. Amaris, llamilt. I.e. 308. 
 
 Khasia Mra. and Assam ; Westekn Peninsitla from the Concan southwards ; 
 Ceylon (? Sikkim Himalaya and S. Andaman Isldb.). 
 
 A tree 30 ft. high or more. Leaves 9-18 in.; leaflets 2^-7 by 1-3 in. ; petiolules 
 |-§ in. Flowers % in., pale green ; cal} x nearly half the length of the flower ; 8taminal 
 tube somewhat mealy on both sides. Fruit 2^ in. h>ng, reddish, 4-celled, 4-seeded. 
 Seeds polished, dark purple. — The form with 8maller and narrower leaves is the var. /S 
 of Dr. Thwaites. Amoora ficiformis, Wight Jlbistr. Ind. Bat. i. 147, closely resembles 
 the Ceylon specimens, and may be synonymous with this species. 
 
 Sect. II. Calyx 4-5-fid or -partite or -sepalous, mostly short. • 
 * Flotvers paiiicled. 
 t Ovary glabrous. 
 
 2. D. brevlpes, Iliem ; leaflets 5-11 opposite or alternate elliptic or 
 ovate-oblong acuminate glabrous, ultimate oedicels shorter than the 
 glabrous flowers, calyx small cup-shaped irregularly 4-toothed, petals (3-) 4, 
 disk exceeding the 3-4-celled glabrous ovary, fruit pear-shaped 4-valved. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 8-24 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 1-2 in., sometimes obscurely pellucid- 
 punctate ; lateral veins more or less depressed on the upper surface ; petiolules ^§ in. 
 Flowers ^-i in., white, with a strong alliaceous smell ; petals distinctly but slightly im- 
 bricated at the margin ; staminal tube pilose inside ; connective obtusely apiculate ; ovary 
 glabrous ; style glabrous, smooth, stigma discoid flattened at apex, its base surrounded 
 
Dysoxylum.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 647 
 
 by a viscid ring. Ovules 2 together, superposed. Fruit brownish-orange, 1^-2 in. 
 long ; seeds attached by a broad ovoid bile to the axis ; testa externally of a chestnut 
 colour. 
 
 ft Ovary more or less hairy. 
 
 X Disk densely hairy at the mouth. 
 
 3. I>. thyrsoldeuxn, Griff, mss. sub Hartighsea ; leaflets 5-9 more or less 
 alternate elliptic or oblong acuminate glabrous shining, panicles divaricately 
 branched, ultimate pedicels about equalling the glabrous 4-5-merous 
 flowers, calyx small cup-shaped or nearly flat irregularly toothed, disk 
 hairy on both sides especially at the mouth fleshy truncate rather exceeding 
 the 3-celled slightly hairy ovary, fruit obovoid. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith [Kew distrih. 1053). 
 
 A tree. Leaves 12-16 in,; leaflets 4-10 by 2-3 1 in.; lateral veins obscurely de- 
 pressed on the upper surface; petiolule |-^ in. Flowers ^ in,, white. Fruits fleshy, 
 2-3-lobed, umbilicate, nearly 1 in, long. Fruiting peduncles stout, woody. Style robust, 
 stigma discoid sub-3-lobed. Seeds exarillate. 
 
 4. X>. procerum, Hiern ; leaflets 7-10 alternate or opposite elliptic or 
 oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous, branches of elongated panicle spread- 
 ing, ultimate pedicels very short, bracteate near the apex, calyx shortly 
 cup-shaped 4-5-toothed, corolla appressedly pubescent 4-5-merous, anthers 
 8 or 10, disk twice the length of the 3-4-celled hairy ovary hairy at the 
 apex and inside, fruit pyriform-globose, pericarp thick, seeds arillate. 
 Guarea procera, Wall, Cat. 1261. G. oblonga. Wall. Cat. 1262. G. Gobara, 
 Hamilt. in Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 306 (1832) ; Wall. Cat. 4885. Hartighsea 
 Gobara, W.&A. ex VoigtHort. Sub. Calc. 136. Cfr. Guarea acuminata. Wall, 
 Cat. 1263, Cfr. G. disyphonia, Griff. Notul. iv. 503. 
 
 From Assam, the Khasia Mts., and Cachae to Tenasserim. 
 
 A large tree. Xeaues 1-24 ft. ; leaflets 4-14 by 2-6 in.; petiolule |-| in. Flowers 
 f-4 in, ; petals valvate or very slightly imbricate ; staminal tube glabrous. Fruit 
 2 by H in., 3-4.celled. 
 
 1^ Disk glabrous at the mouth or nearly so. 
 
 5. D. g^rande, Hiern; puberulent, leaflets 12 alternate oblong 
 caudate-acuminate base rounded, panicles about equalling leaves, flov/ers 
 shortly pedicelled clustered 4-merous, calyx 'short, staminal tube thinly 
 pubescent on both sides 8-toothed teeth bifid, disk shortly tubular glabrous 
 outside rather exceeding the hairy 4-celled ovary. Guarea grandS, WaU, 
 Cat. 4883. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; at Silhet {Wall.) . 
 
 Leaves 2 ft. ; petiole 5i in. long; leaflets 5-9 by 2^-3 in. ; petiolules |: in. Flowers 
 I in. long, 
 
 6. 1>. Maing-ayl, Hiern ; leaflets 5-7 opposite or subopposite elliptic 
 obtusely acuminate glabrous base cuneate, panicles short not much 
 branched, flowers about equalling the pedicels 5-merous, calyx short 
 flattish very shortly toothed, staminal tube obtusely crenate, anthers 10, 
 disk just exceeding the hairy 4-celled ovary. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 6-9 in., pale ; leaflets 2^-5 by 1-2 in.; lateral petiolules short, terminal \ in. 
 Panicles 1\ in. long. Petals somewhat hairy outside, adnate in bud with the glabrous 
 staminal tube, at length free, J in. long. Dish glabrous outside, hirsute inside, 5- 
 toothed. Style glabrous except the base. — According 'to Dr. Maiugay's mss,, the 
 ovary is 5-celled, each cell opposite a calyx-lobe and containing 2 collateral ovules. 
 
 N N 2 
 
648 xxxvTi. MELiACEJE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Dysoxylum, 
 
 7. D. Kamiltonll, Hiem; shoots tawny velvety, leaflets 9-17 oppo- 
 site or suboppoisite oblong acuminate velvety on the midrib beneath, 
 panicles lax axillary shorter than the leaves, pedicels slender about equalling 
 or shorter than the flowers, calyx very small 4-partite with rounded con- 
 cave imbricated lobes pubescent, petals 4 glabrous, staminal tube pubescent 
 on both sides, anthers 8, disk glabrous on both sides twice the length of 
 the ovary, style slender pubescent below glabrous above, ovary pubescent 
 3-celled. Guarea mollis, WaJl. niss. G. paniculata, Wall. Cat. n. 4882, not 
 of Roxb. Epicharis mollis, Wall, ex Voigt Ilort, Sub. Calc. 135. G. Alliaria, 
 Hamilt. in Mem. Werii. Soc. vi. 305 (1832) excl. syii. Rumph. Hartighsea 
 Alliaria, Am. ex Voigt Uort. Suh. Gale. 136. 
 
 Assam and Silhet. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves erect, 15-20 in. ; leaflets 4 by \\ in. ; petiolules \ in. Inflo- 
 rescence 6 in. long and wide ; flowers \ in. long, greenish-white. 
 
 8. 1>. malabariciun, Bedd. mss. ; leaflets about 8 subopposite ovate 
 or subelliptic acuminate obsoletely puberulent base cuneate shortly 
 petioluled, panicles many-flowered puberulent, pedicels short, flowers 4- 
 merous, calyx cleft halfway short, disk short mouth not very hairy, ovary 
 shortly pubescent 4-celled, ovules 2 together collateral, fruit globose both 
 ends pointed. Dysoxylum (sp.), Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxv. 212 ; FL 
 Sylv. Anal. Gen. p. liv. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Mountains of Kurz .ind Travancor, alt. 2-3000 ft., Bcddome. 
 
 An immense tree. Leaves .\\a\\\i\, I4 ft. ; leaflets 5-8 by 1^-2^ in. ; petioles angular, 
 44 in. ; petiolnles ^ in. Flowers ^ in. Anthers short. Fruit 2 in. aiam., veiTucose, 
 longitudinally lined, nearly glabrous, bright yellow when ripe, 3-4-seeded. Seeds 
 bluntly 3-sided, attached by their whole inner face to the central placenta ; testa 
 reddisli-brown ; cotyledons green. — Called Porapil by the Kaders on the Auamallays. 
 
 ** Flowers racemose or sjncate. 
 t Leaflets alternate. 
 
 9. D. pallens, Hiem ; leaflets 5-10 alternate oblong or elliptic narrowly 
 acuminate glabrous, inflorescence axillary racemose, pedicels nut exceeding 
 the closely puberulent 4-merous flowers, calyx shortly cup- shaped 4-fld, 
 anthers 8, disk glabrous on both sides coarsely toothed about equalling 
 the hairy 3- (-2)-oelled ovary, style shortly hairy below, fruit pyriform, 
 seeds exarillate ? 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya (Herb. Oriff.) ; Mishmi and Kiiasia Mts., Griffith. 
 
 A small or moderate-sized tree; shoots pale. Leaves 9-32 in.; leaflets 3-8 by 
 1 J-3 in. ; petiolule \-\ in. Flowers ^ in., greenish ; calyx rjj— ^ '"• ^^ng ; petals valvate; 
 staminal tube glabrous on both sides, obtusely 6-8-toothed. Fruit l| by 1 in., slightly 
 pubescent. 
 
 10. I>. Beddomei, Hiern ; leaflets 7-9 alternate glabrous submem- 
 branous ovate- or elliptic-oblong narrowly and obtusely acuminate base 
 oblique obtuse or cuneate, inflorescence axillary spicate somewhat branched 
 near the base, flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicelled 4-merous pube- 
 rulent, calyx very short, teeth short obtuse, staminal tube puberulent on 
 both sides, disk glabrous exceeding, the hirsute ovary. 
 
 South Travancor, Beddome. 
 
 A middling-sized tree ; young parts puberulent. Leaves pale-green, 12-15 in.; leaf- 
 lets 4-6 by 14 to 2 in., midrib and lateral veins pale beneath ; petiolulas \-\ in. Inflo' 
 rescence 3-6 in., 1-2 in. wide. Fowers | in. long. Petals imbricated. Staminal tube 
 shortly toothed. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules collateral. 
 
Dysoxylum.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 549 
 
 11. D. flavescens, Hiern; leaflets 9-13 alternate elliptic acuminate 
 glabrous midrib alone conspicuous, flowers subsessile crowded in elongated 
 axillary spikes 4-5-merous minutely hairy, calyx very short nearly flat 
 toothed, petals very slightly imbricated pale yellow, staminal tube glabrous 
 below slightly pilose above, disk glabrous exceeding the 4-celled shortly 
 hairy ovary. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 1-2 h.\ leaflets 3-5 by l|-2 in.; petiolules |-| in. Flowers I'm.; calyx 
 minutely spongio-pilose (Maingay mss.) ; petals minutely pilose outside, glabrous 
 inside ; anthers black ; style very minutely and sparingly pilose, stigma discoid, sur- 
 rounded at the base by a ring. Disk dull reddish-orange, entire or undulated at the 
 mouth. Ovules 2 together, superposed. 
 
 12. D. Griffithii, Hiern; leaflets alternate about 11 oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate glabrous shining, racemes from the axils of fallen leaves at tlie 
 lower parts of the branches short, pedicels shorter than the 4-merous 
 nearly glabrous flowers, calyx very short nearly flat, staminal tube puberu- 
 lent outside glabrous inside, disk glabrous equalling or rather exceeding the 
 4 (3-)-celled somewhat hairy ovary, style puberulent. Hartighsea ramiflora, 
 Griff. Notul. iv. 501. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 Branclilets subsimple, elongated, flowering below, leafy above ; youngest parts fer- 
 ruginous-scaly. Leaves 1-1 4 ft. ; leaflets 4^-5 by 1^ in.; petiolules \m. Floioers 
 pale-yellow, quickly turning brown ; petals ^ in. by yjj in. Bacemes 1 in. long. — In the 
 axils of the lowest leaves a short raceme sometimes occurs. 
 
 ft Leaflets opposite or subopposite. 
 
 13. I>. cauliflorum, Hiern; pallid, leaflets about 13 opposite or sub- 
 opposite elliptic or oblong obtusely and shortly acuminate glabrous 
 chartaceous, base cuneate, spikes clustered on the trunk much shorter than 
 the leaves tawny-pubescent, flowers crowded 4-merous,. calyx obscurely 
 4-toothed, petals puberulent, staminal tube rather pubescent on both sides 
 8-lobed, lobes notched at apex, anthers 8 included short, style shaggy 
 below not exserted, disk tubular glabrous much exceeding the ovary much 
 shorter than the hairy style obscurely and obtusely 4-toothed, ovary 4- 
 celled hairy " cells 1-ovuled." {Maingay.) 
 
 Malacca, Maivgay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 1-2 ft. ; leaflets 4-8 by 1^-3^ in. Shoots tawny-velutinous ; petio- 
 lules ^-\ in. or terminal one longer. Inflorescence 3-4 in. long ; flowers ^-| in. long. 
 Calyx tV-td ii^- long. Fruit 1 in. long, 'nearly glabrous, 1-2-seeded, subglobose, 4- 
 valved, deep dull red. 
 
 14. I>. cuneatum, Hiern; leaflets 13 opposite or subopposite elliptic 
 obtuse or shortly acuminate glabrous, base cuneate, inflorescence spicate 
 shorter than the leaves, flowers 4-merous subsessile, calyx campanulate 
 obtusely cleft halfway down shortly pubescent, petals nearly glabrous slightly 
 imbricated, staminal tube with 8 hairy lines outside pubescent inside, disk 
 nearly equalling the ovary glabrous outside densely hairy inside, style 
 pilose-pubescent below, ovary densely hairy 4-celled, fruit subglobose. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay; (?Sincapore, T. Anderson). 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 2-2^ ft.; leaflets 4-7 by 2-3 in. ; petiolules |-| in., some- 
 what tumid at base. Flowers | in. long ; calyx nearly half the length of the flower ; 
 style i-obust. Fruit 1 in. long, 3-valved. — Local name "Tautoolan." According to Dr. 
 Maingay 's ms. notes, the staminal tube is campanulate, cleft into 10 narrowly quadrate 
 
650 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Dysoxylum. 
 
 divisions slightly crenulate at the margins ; stamens 10 ; ovary 5-celled, each cell con- 
 taining 1 subborizontal ovule ; s^eds with an incomplete orange arillus. 
 
 7. CKZSOCKETON, Blume. (Schizocliiton.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves- pinnate, quite entire, opposite or subopposite : 
 leaflets more or less oblique. Panicles supra-axillary divaricately branched 
 many-flowered, rarely axillary or flowers in spicate racemes ; fl(jwers poly- 
 gamo-dioecious. Calyx small, cup-sliiiped, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, very 
 rarely 6, usually linear-elongated, Long cohering in a tube especially below, 
 at lengtli spreading, somewhat imbricated or valvate. IStaminal tube elon- 
 gated, slender, tubular, 4-8-lobed at the apex, lobes entire or toothed' 
 anthers linear, equal in number to and alternnte with the lobes, included 
 or somewhat exserted. iJisk short and fleshy or tubular. Ovary short, 2-4- 
 celled ; style flliform, usually exceeding the staminal tube, stigma capitate ; 
 ovules usually one in each cell. Cajjside subglobose, thickly coriaceous, 2-4- 
 celled, loculicidally 2-4-valved. /Seeds usually enclosed in an imperfect aril, 
 hile usuallv suborbicular or oval ; cotyledons usmdly peltate.— Distrib. A 
 genus of about 12 species confined to Eastern India and the Indian Archi- 
 pelago. 
 
 Sect. I. Racemes spicate. 
 
 1. C. splcatus, Hum; leaflets 4 or 6 opposite elliptic or oblong 
 acuminate glabrescent, base cuneate shortly petiolulate, racemes spicate 
 axillary, calyx entire, staminal tube obtusely 5-6-toothed, anthers 5-6. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay„ 
 
 A tree abf)ut 30 It. high. Young parts and ivjlorescence pale tawny, piiberulent. 
 Leaver 8-12 in., terminating in a growing point; leatleta 2-6 by l|-2 in., but little 
 oblique. /Spikes 4-6 in., about double the length of the common peduncle ; flowers sub- 
 sessile, 4-§ ii^- lor^g j bracteoles ovate, small. Petals 4. Stamimil tube apprcssedly 
 pubescent on both sides. Pruit (immature) attenuate at both ends, especially to- 
 wards apex, obsoletely tomentose. 
 
 Sect. II. Flowers panicled. 
 * Antliers 5 or fewer. 
 
 2. C. erythrocarpus, Iliern ; leaflets 10-12 opposite elliptic or 
 oblong obtusely cuspidate glabrate above, base obtuse, panicles about half 
 the length of the leaves mauy-flowered supra-axillary, anthers 5, disk in- 
 conspicuous, fruit globose base stipitate. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Young parts petioles petiolules and fruit tawny and shortly tomentose. Leaves ter- 
 minating in growing points, about 1 ft. long or more ; leaflets 3-6 by 1^-2 in, ; petio- 
 lules ^\ in. Flowers y^ in. long ; pedicels short. Calyx 3-5-toothed. Petals 
 5, valvate. Staminal tube truncately 5-toothed at apex, pubescent on both sides, teeth 
 centrally emarginate, truncate ; anthers 5, included. Ovary 2-'?-celled; ovules solitary. 
 Fruit bright blood-red. Seeds exarillate, 1 in. long ; testa very thick, coriaceous, bright 
 orange ; hile f-^ in. diam. 
 
 3. C. pendullflorus, Planch, rnss. in Hh. Kew.; tawny velvety, leaf- 
 lets 10-11 opposite elliptic or ovate or upper ojies obovate cuspidate base 
 rounded or subcordate except of the upper leaflets, panicles elongated 
 supra-axillary very narrow pendulous, flowers 4-5-merous elongated, calyx 
 toothed or entire, staminal tube appressedly pilose outside below its 3-5 
 lobes, sparingly pilose inside below the middle, lobes deeply emarginate, 
 anthers 3-5 included sessile, style very slender glabrous above pilose below, 
 disk glabrous free short cupular fleshy. Melia penduliflora. Wall. Cat. n. 1255. 
 
ChisocJietm.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 551 
 
 Malacca, 3Iaingay ; Penang, Porter. 
 
 A small tree or shrub. Leaves 1-2 ft. ] leaflets 3-9 by 1^-3 in.; petiolules very 
 short. Panicles nearly as long as the leaves. Flowers |-| in. long, clustered, sub- 
 sessile, dull red. Voung fruit fusiform-oblong, appressedly silky, i in. long. 
 
 ** Anthers 6-8. 
 
 t Flowers subsessile or on very short pedicels. 
 
 X Teeth ofstaminal tube lanceolate. 
 
 4. C. g'lomeratus, Hiern ; young parts inflorescence lower surface of 
 leaflets and midrib above hispid -pubescent tawny, leaflets 2-5-7 opposite 
 elliptic cuspidate base rounded very shortly petiolulate, panicles supra- 
 axillary equalling the leaves, flowers subsessile clustered, calyx obscurely 
 toothed, petals 4 nearly glabrous, staminal tube 6-toothed teeth lanceolate 
 entire silky inside, anthers 6 somewhat exserted, style very hairy. 
 Schizochiton ? Wall. Cat. 9040. 
 
 Penang hills, Porter. 
 
 A very lofty tree, and stout in proportion. Leaves 1-1 4 ft., often terminating 
 in a growing point; leaflets 4-8 by 14-2^ in. Floioers \ in. long or more, glabrous, 
 white. — A specimen in fruit from Malacca (Hb. Griffith, Kew distr. n. 1065), with a 
 leaf 2 ft. long and leaflets 6-10 by 2^-34 in., and fruit 1^ in. long, seems to belong to 
 this species. 
 
 5. C. frag-rans, Hiern; subglabrous, leaflets 16-28 subopposite 
 elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate nervose shortly petiolulate, base obtuse 
 oblique, male panicles elongated about equalling the leaves, flowers 
 4-merous, calyx 4-toothed or subentire, teeth of staminal tube 6-5 entire, 
 fruiting racemes elongated pendulous equalling or shorter than the leaves, 
 fruits subglobose somewhat pyriform pedicelled 2-celled, cells 1-2-seeded. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay 324. 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves 1^ ft., dark green ; leaflets 11-4 by |-1? in. ; petiolules \-^ in. 
 Floioering panicles 1 ft. or more iong, pendulous, supra -axillary ; flowers ^ in. long, very 
 fragrant, shortly pedicelled. Petals slightly imbricated above, glabrous, reflexed to the 
 middle. Staminal tube petalnid, glabrous outside, hairy inside ; teeth lanceolate, acute, 
 spreading. Anthers 6-5, sessile, exserted. Ovary 2 ?-celled ; style appressedly hairy. 
 Disk annular, fleshy. Fruiting racemes 1 ft. or more long. Fruits obsoletely tomen- 
 tose, reddish brown,^l| in. diam., 2-celled ; few, many being abortive, on short pedicels 
 stouter than the peduncle. Aril large, fleshy, white, covering half the seed ; hile broadly 
 oval. Cotyledaas greenish, very thick, fleshy, deeply auricled. 
 
 6. C. liolocal3rxy Hiern; subglabrous, leaflets 17-23 narrowly oblong 
 narrowly acuminate opposite or subopposite petiolulate, base obliquely 
 cuneate, margins narrowly revolute, panicles elongated narrow drooping 
 supra-axillary, flowers 4-merous, calyx truncate entire, staminal tube pu- 
 bescent especially inside 6-8-toothed teeth lanceolate acute entire or bifid, 
 anthers 6-8 somewhat exserted sessile, style appressedly pubescent, disk 
 annular fleshy about equalling the short ovary. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay; Sincapore, T.Anderson. 
 
 Leaves 2-3 ft.; leaflets 3-7 by 1-1 1 in. ; petiolules ^-\ in. Panicles nearly equal- 
 ling the leaves with very short divaricate branches ; pedicels very short. Flowers g in. 
 long. Petals glabrous except the apex. Ovary. 2-celled. — " Flowers with a sterco- 
 raceoue odour like Psederia" {^Maingay). Closely allied to C. divergens. Plume. 
 
 Xt Teeth of staminal tube oblong. 
 
 7. C. dysoxylifolius, Kurzin Jcmm. As, Soc. Beng^xlAiJ 4Q {\^1\) ; 
 leaflets alternate oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous subcur- 
 
552 xxxvii> MELiACE^, (W. P. Hiem.) [Ckisochetm. 
 
 iaceous shortly and thickly petiolulate, base oblique rather obtuse, pani- 
 cles supra-axillaiy pyramidal elongated more or less fjubescent, flowers 
 subsessile 4-nierous, calyx obsoletely toothed very thinly pubescent, petals 
 pubescent, staminal tube appressedly pubescent 6-lobed at the apex lobes 
 oblong obtuse entire quite- glabrous, anthers 6, ovary and style pubescent 
 towards the base. 
 
 Martaban, at Thoungyeen, Brandxs. 
 
 A tree, glabrous in most parts. Leaves large, " very like those of Dysoxylum acomi- 
 uatissimum," iTwrz/ leaflets 6-12 by 3-4 in. ; petiolules puberulent, 4 in- Panicles 
 1 4 ft. or more ; bracteoles small, lanceolate, pubescent ; flowers 4 in. long. tStyle equal- 
 ling the staminal tube. 
 
 8. C. grrandiflorus, Kurz in Jmirii. A&, Soc. Beng. xli. iL 296 (1872) ; 
 leaflets 8-13t opposite or subopposite oblong or oblong-lanceolate shortly 
 acuminate glabresceut above except the nerves softly pubescent beneath 
 shortly and thickly petiolulate, panicles axillary slender densely tawny-tomen- 
 tose, flowers subsessile clustered, calyx cup-shaped obsoletely 4-toothed, 
 densely pubescent outside as well as the 4-0 petals, glabrous inside, staminal 
 tube sparingly pubescent outside glabrous inside 6-7-lobed lobes oblong 
 truncate entire, anthers 6-7 included, capsules 3-lobed pyriforni 3-valved. 
 Plagiotaxis grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 1271. Dysoxylum grandiflorum, RoeTn, 
 tSipiopii.i. 135; W. d' A. Frodr. i. 123. Diplotaxis grandiflora, Wall, ex 
 Kurz Rep. Veg. Andam, ed. ii 33. Epicharis sp. Kwz I.e. ed. i. p. iv. 
 
 Tenasserim, Gomez; S. Andaman, Kurz. 
 
 A moderately- sized or large tree with young parts tawny velvety-tomentose or 
 pubescent. Leajiett 6-10 in. Flowers ^-^ in. long, silkytomentose, subtended by 
 a widely oblong densely tawny- pnbescent calyx \ in. long. Panicles on long pe- 
 duncles. Ovary and iftyle tawny-pubescent. Dish cup-shaped, as high as the ovary, 
 glabrous. Cajjsule 1| in. long; seeds solitary; aril complete, orange, 
 
 ft Flowers on slender pedicels. 
 
 9. C. paniculatus, IJiam; young parts and inflorescence hispid- 
 pubescent, leaflets 7-24 opposite or subopposite elliptic ovate-oblong or 
 oblong acuminate glabrescent or hispid-pubescent on the veins beneath 
 papery-coriaceous, base obtuse oblique shortly petiolulate, panicles usually 
 about equalling or exceeding the leaves with elongated lax branches, 
 flowers pubescent or glabrate on slender pedicels, calyx obscurely 4-toothed 
 staminal tube more or less pubescent on both sides obtusely 6-8-lobed lobes 
 deeply bifid, style pubescent below. Guarea paniculata, Koxb. Hort. 
 Beiig. 28; Fl. Ltd. ii. 242, not of WalL Dysoxylum multijugum, Am. ex 
 W. & A. Frodr. i. 121. D. paniculatum, Am. ex Wight Ic. u. 14a Tri- 
 chilia? longissima, Wall Cat n. 8069. Cupania (sp.) Wall. Cat. 8069.— 
 
 Wall. Cat. p. 250, n. 4884 B not A. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, Assam, Cachar, the Khasia Mts., and Tavov. 
 
 Leaves 15-36 in. or more; leaflets 4-10 by 14-4 in.; petiolules ^-;|^ in. Pa- 
 mcles axillary, 2-3 ft. lontr, ramifications hairy ; pedicels iV-i i°' long I flowers 
 i-f in. long, 4-merous, pale yellow ; rachis often angular. Ovary 4-celled, cells 1- 
 rarcly 2-ovuled. Ca^^sule 1-24 in- diam., globose, base pyriforra, 2-4-celled, smooth, of 
 a dark orange or red colour when ripe. — The anthers in Wight's figure are ovate instead 
 of linear. JSapindus midtijugus, WalL Cat. 8099, leaves only, from Taong Dong, 
 Burma, may possibly belong to this species. 
 
 C« ? costatus, Hiem ; leaflets about 10 alternate ovate-oblong acutely 
 acuminate pale olive and velvety beneath, base rounded or slightly exca- 
 
Chisocheton.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 553 
 
 vated, panicles short supra-axillary, fruit subglabrous subglobose or ellip- 
 soidal 3-2-ribbed. 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; in Cachar, R. L. Keenan. 
 
 A tree with the shoots softly and shortly velvety. Leaves about 18 in. ; leaflets 
 3-8 by I2-24 in., dark green, subglabrous above, lateral veins 15-24 on each side of 
 midrib; petiolules |— i in. Fruiting panicles 3 in. long; fruit orange-coloured, 
 1-1 4 in. long, base shortly stipitate. Seeds nearly 1 in. long, hile 4 in- diam. near 
 the apex; cotyledons somewhat peltate. 
 
 8. SANDOXlICVlMr, Cav. 
 
 Trees. Leaves trifoliolate, coriaceous ; leaflets quite entire, the lateral 
 ones shortly and the terminal one long-petiolulate. Flowers 5-merous, in 
 axillary panicles, yellow or whitish. Calyx cup-shaped, with short lobes 
 imbricated in bud ; base of the tube adnate to the ovary. Petals imbri- 
 cated, spreading. Staminal tube tubular, nearly as long as the petals, 
 toothed at the apex ; anthers 10 or 8, included. I)isk cup-shaped, sheathing 
 the ovary and base of the style, laciniate. Ovary 5-celled, adnate to the 
 calyx below, attenuate into the style above, cells opposite the calyx-lobes, 
 each with 2 collateral pendulous ovules ; style cylindrical or columnar, 
 nearly the length of the staminal tube, crowned by a slightly elevated 
 glandular ring, stigmas 5 short linear subacute or truncate. Berry supe- 
 rior, globular, fleshy, indehiscent, 3-5-celled and -seeded; flesh edible. 
 Seeds included in a papery aril, pulpy outside.— DisTRiB. A genus of about 
 4 species limited to India and the Malayan Archipelago, one species being 
 cultivated over an extensive area. 
 
 1. S. indicum, Cav. Diss, (vii.) p. 359, tt. 202, 203 ; shoots panicles and 
 lower surface of leaves at least on the veins tawny-velvety, leaflets elliptic 
 or ovate-orbicular shortly acuminate or apiculate, base unequally obtuse, 
 flowers clustered subsessile in ample much branched panicles small yel- 
 lowish sweet-scented, calyx shortly pubescent. W. & A. Prodr. i. 120 : Bedd. 
 Anal. Gen. Iv. ; Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. t. 16, f. 15 ; Drury Fl. Pad. 
 i. 165 ; Hassk. Retzia, i. 146 ; Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 261 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 392 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 1249. S. nervosum, Blume Bijd. 163. S. ternatum, Blanco Fl. 
 Filip. ed. i. 346. S. glaberrimum, Hassk. Retzia, i. 145. Trichilia nervosa, 
 Vahl Symh. i. 31. Melia Koetjape, Burm. Fl. Ind. 101. T. venosa, Spreng. 
 Syst. iii. 68. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; from Kangoon and Tenasserim (var. j3 velutina) to Penang. 
 Introduced in the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Malayan Islands. 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves 6-18 in.; leaflets 3-8 by 1^-4% in.; common petiole 1|- 
 6 in. Flowers ^ in. long; calyx about ^^j- in. Stigmas truncate. Fruit about 3 in. 
 diam. ; pulp fleshy, acid, with a peculiar smell. — The Burmese eat the raw fruit. 
 Tliere are two varieties known at Sincapore, according to Captain Blomfield, under the 
 distinctive names of " Santol" and " Kachapee ;" they differ in the fruit like the apple 
 and pear in appearance and flavour. — S. serratum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 680, differing 
 by its repand-crenate leaflets, may belong to this species. 
 
 2. S. exnarg'inatuxu, Hiern; glabrous, leaflets obovate or elliptic 
 emarginate usually mucronulate rigid, base obtusely narrowed oblique, 
 lateral veins feeble, panicles short dense, pedicels shorter than the flowers, 
 fruit obovoid very shortly tomentose. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 5-7 in. ; leaflets 2-3^ by 1^-2 in. ; petiolules |-to 4 in., the terminal one 
 quasi-articulated near apex, 1-1;| in. Calyx somewhat enlarged and persistent in fruit. 
 
554 XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Sandoricim. 
 
 Staminal tuhe terminating in 8 or 10 subglabrate emarginate lobes. Flowers ^ in. 
 long. Fruit (immature?) | in. long. 
 
 3. S. Maing-ayl, Hiem; subglabroiis, leaves elliptic subacuminate, 
 base obtuse, lateral nerves strong above depressed beneath, panicles shorter 
 than the leaves, pedicels equalling the flowers mostly exceeding the subulate 
 bracteoles, calyx fleshy obscurely toothed very minutely pilose. 
 
 Malacca, Mcdngaij. 
 
 A tree. Leaven about 6-8 in. ; leaflets 2-5 by l|-3in.; petiolules ^ in.; terminal 
 one quasi-articulated neas apex, \\-\\ in. Flowers \-% in. long. Calyx ^-f in. long. 
 Petals white tinged with pink, glabrous, marked outside with pale glandular dots. 
 Staminal tuhe ventrioose-cylindrical, contracted at the throat, ribbed externally und 
 5-lobed near the apex, each lobe obtusely 4-toothed, the 2 central teeth larger. Anthers 
 2-seriate, Stigma subacute. — Cfr. S. bonieense, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 
 iv. 33. 
 
 9. AGZiAZA, Lour. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, glabrous lepidote or stellately pubescent. Leaves pinnate 
 or trifoliolate ; leaflets quite entire. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, minute 
 or small, numerous, paniculate, subglobose. Calyx 5-lobed, imbricated in 
 bud. Petals 5, concave, short, imbricated. Staminal tube urceolate or sub- 
 globose, 5-toothed at the apex or entire ; anthers 5, included or half-exserted, 
 erect. Disk inconspicuous. Ovarij ovoid or shortly so, 1-3-celled, with 
 2-1 ovules in each cell ; style very short. Berry dry, 1-2-celled and -seeded. 
 Seeds with a fleshy integument. — Distrib. Species about 50, inhabiting 
 China, the Malay islands and the islands of the Pacific ocean, as well as 
 India. 
 
 31ilnea? racemosn, Roemer Synops. i. 98 {Nyalelia racemosa, Dennstedt Schlliss. 
 Hort. Mai. 23. Nyalel, Ileede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 16), has, according to the figure, the 
 structure of the stamens incompatible with the Order Meliaceae. 
 
 Sect. I. Shoots leaves and inflorescence lepidote or glabrous. 
 
 * Leaflets 3-5, rarely 7. 
 
 t Inflorescence lax, pedicels slender, about equalling the flowers. 
 
 1. A. odorata, Lour. Fl, Cochinch. 173; glabrous or quickly becoming 
 so, leaflets obuvate or oblong obtuse shortly petiolulate terminal one 
 longest, base cuneate, panicles rather lax, flowers on slender pedicels about 
 as long as themselves, ovary hairy. Wigid Ic. t. 511; Miq, Ann. Mus. 
 Lugd.-Bat. iv. 48 ; Wall Cat. 1275 ; Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. t. 14, f. 7. 
 Camunium sinense, Pumph. Amh. v. 28, t. 18, f. 1. C. chinense, Roxb. 
 Hort. Beng. 18; Fl. Ind. I 636. Opilia odorata, S'pr. Syst. Veg. i. 766. 
 Murraya exotica, Reinw. ex Miq. I.e. A. pentaphylla, Kurz ex Miq. Lc. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Malacca, Penang, and Sincapore; (Ceylon, cultiv,).— Distrib. 
 Siam, Java, China. 
 
 An elegant shrub or small leafy tree ; extremities of young shoots covered with stel- 
 late ferruginous scales. Leaves 2-6 in. ; leaflets 1-3 by ^-H in. Flowers yellow, frag- 
 rant, yV ill- diam. — Often cultivated for its sweet-scented flowers. 
 
 ft Inflorescence dense ; pedicels very short. 
 
 2. A. khasiana, Hiem; leaves narrowly elliptical obtusely narrowed 
 towards both ends glabrescent on rather long petiolules, panicles short fer- 
 ruginous, branches short patent, flowers subsessile not minute. 
 
 Khasja Mts. ; alt. 4-5000 ft., /. D. H. S T. T.; (?Sikkim, Himalaya, /. D. H.). 
 
A(/laia.] xxxvii. MELiACEJi. (W. P. Hiern.) 555 
 
 Shoots and inflorescence lepidote. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 4-8 by 1-2 in.; petio- 
 lules ^-1 in. Flowers ^-^ in. diam. Fruit? glabrous, 1 in. diam. 
 
 3. A.? andamanlca, Iliem; leaflets 3-5 alternate or subopposite 
 ovate-elliptical obtusely acuminate rounded or obtuse at the base sparsely 
 lepidote, inflorescence shorter than the leaves, pedicels very short, fruit 
 pale tawny lepidote somewhat pear-shaped. Milnea (sp.), Kurz Andam. 
 Rep. p. iv. ; Ed. 2, 33. 
 
 South Andaman Islands ; in the Jungles between Port Mouat and Homfray's 
 Ghat, not rare. Burmese name, Tau-ahnyeen, Kurz. 
 
 A tree, 30-40 ft. high ; indumentum pallid. Leaver 10 in.; leaflets 34-5 by 2 in.; 
 petiole \-\ in. Fruit \-% in. by ^-| in. 
 
 4. A. aplocarpa, Hiem ; leaflets 5-7 rather narrowly and unequally 
 elliptic obtusely acuminate base cuneate, younger ones lepidote below 
 glabrescent, inflorescence shorter than the leaves with short spreading 
 branches and shortly pedicellate small flowers, fruit pyriform reddish- 
 brown lepidote. Milnea apiocarpa, Thw. Enum. 60. 
 
 Ceylon ; in the central provinces, alt. 3-6000 ft. 
 
 A small tree. Z-eaues 6-16 in.; leaflets 2-8 byf-3in.; petiolules ^^| in.; in- 
 dumentum reddish-brown. Flowers -f^ in. diam., about equalling the pedicels. Fruit 
 l-l hy %-\ in. 
 
 5. A. Roxburg'hiana, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 41 ; leaflets 
 5 rarely 7 oj 3 more or less elliptic obtuse glabrescent sometimes acu- 
 minate base usually cuneate shortly petiolulate, panicles rather supra- 
 axillary pyramidal elongate, flowers shortly pedicellate, fruit subglobose 
 ferruginous-lepidote. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 130 [excl. synon. Thw.) ; 
 Anal. Gen. Iv. Milnea Roxburghiana, W. & A. Frodr. i. 119 ; Drury Ind. 
 Ft. i. 164 ; Wight Ic. t. 166 (M. Roxburghii). A. lepiduta, Miq. FL lad.- Bat. 
 Siq^pl. 197, 507. A. Spanoghei, Bl. ex Miq. Ann. I.e. Aglaia ( spe. Sangian), 
 Teysm. et Binnend. Cat. Hort. Bog or. 21 i. Walsura? lanceolata, Wall. 
 Cat. 4886. A. grata. Wall, ex Voigt Hori. Sub. Calc. 136. A. midnapo- 
 rensis, Carey ex Voigt. I.e. Cfr. Aglaia? sp., Wall. Cat. n. 9039; Meliacea 
 singapureana, Wall. Gat. 4887. Dimocarpus, Wall. Cat. 8050. 
 
 Western Peninsula; from the Concan and Midnapore soudiwards; Ceylon, ascend- 
 ing to 6000 ft.; Singapore, Wallich; (?Tenasserim and the Andaman Islds., Heifer; 
 Burma, Wallich, and Malacca, Griffith & Maingay). — Distkib. Java, Sumatra, and 
 other Malay Islands. 
 
 A large tree ; indumentum ferruginous. Leaves 3-7 in. ; leaflets 1^-44 by |-2 in. ; 
 petiolules ^V-l !"• Flowers jV in. diam. ; calyx dull yellow, often covered with stellate 
 hairs; petals yellow. Fruit | in. diam., edible, buff-coloured, very minutely pilose. 
 Badicle minutely pilose. 
 
 ** Leaflets 7-9. 
 
 6. A. grlabrifiora, Hiern ; shining, leaflets 7-9 subopposite or alternate 
 elliptic acuminate base cuneate shortly petiolulate, panicles ample rather 
 lax shorter than or about equalling the leaves, pedicels about equalling 
 the glabrous flowers, staminal tube turbinate. 
 
 Malacca ; on Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Whole plant nearly glabrous. Leaves 6 in. ; leaflets 2 by 1 in, ; petiolules ^-^ in. 
 Pedicels slender, jV"! iii- Flowers ^V in- long or less. Fruit size of cherries, white, 
 subglobose. 
 
 7. A. Wallicliil, Hiern; young parts sparsely lepidote, leaflets 7-9 
 opposite or subopposite narrowly elliptic or lanceolate-oblong acuminate 
 
556 xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [A(;flaia. 
 
 base obtuse margins sliglitly undulated, petiolules short much branched, 
 panicles rather supra-axillary shorter than or about equalling the leaves, 
 pedicels rather slender about equalling the flowers, calyx lepidote shortly 
 ciliate, corolla glabrous, staminal tube urceolate. Sapindus lepidotus, 
 Wall. Cat. 8036. 
 
 SiLHET, WalUch, Griffitk. 
 
 Leaves 5-8 in, ; leaflets l^-i by ^-l^ in.; petiolules ^-^ in. Inflorescence 3-5 in. 
 long ; flowers ^ in. diam. 
 
 *"** Leaflets 9-13 or moor. 
 
 8. A. perviridis, Hiem; leaflets 11-13 opposite oblong acuminate 
 glabrous shining base obtuse shortly petiolulate, panicles pyramidal 
 elongated many-flowered lepidote, flowers very small, staminal tube sub- 
 globose. 
 
 KHA8IA Mt8., Griffith, J. D. H. & T. T., alt. 2000 ft. {Milnea, No. 8). 
 
 A tree of 40 ft. ; leaves and buds deep gi-een. Leaves about 1 ft. ; leaflets 2-5 
 by I-I4 in. ; petiolule |^-| in. Panicles nearly as long as the leaves; flower-buds 
 minute, nearly glabrous. — Specimens from Sikkim, collecied by Dr. Hooker, probably 
 belong to this species ; they have leaves 1-1 5 ft., leaflets 3-8 by 1-2 ^ in., fruiting 
 panicles 4-9 in. long, fruits ellipsoidal about 1 in. long, seeds nearly as long. 
 
 9. A. crassinervia, Kia-z in litt. ad Hook, f.;, leaflets 9 or more, 
 opposite or subopposite oblong obtuse at both ends with minute scales 
 beneath shortly petiolulate, petioles angular, panicles supra-axillary pyra- 
 midal elongated many-flowered lepidote-ferruginous, flowers minute. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer. 
 
 Leaves 18 in. or more ; leaflets 6-10 by 2-2 f in. ; lateral veins about 20 on each 
 side of midrib with which they make a large angle ; petiolule ^ in., terminal one 
 i-| in. Panicles 10-15 in. or more long. 
 
 Sect. IL Shoots leaves and inflxyrescence stellate-pubescent or tomentose. 
 * Flowers slwrUy pedicelled. 
 
 10. A. edulls, A. Gray in Bot. U. S. Exfilcyr. Exped. i. 237 ; leaflets 9-13 
 opposite or subopposite elliptic or oblong obtuse or acuminate shortly y^etio- 
 lulate subglabrescent or scattered beneath as well as the shoots inflores- 
 cence and fruit with ferruginous scales mixed sometimes with stellate hairs, 
 panicles pyramidal shorter than the leaves, flowers shortly pedicellate, fruit 
 subglobose edible. Miq. Ami. Mas. Lwjd.-Bat. iv. 49. Milnea edulis, 
 Uoxh . Hart. Beng. 18 ; Fl. Itid. i. 637 ; Hritry Ind. Fl. i. 164 ; Walt. 
 Cat. 1279. Camunium bengalense, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. Lc. Cfr. Cupania 
 (sp.) Wall. Cat. 8067, lettei' B not A. 
 
 Eastern Bengal; Silhet, Wallich, J. D. H. & T. T. {Milnea, sp. 17); (? Assam 
 Simon). — Distrib. Borneo, Fiji Islds. 
 
 A tree of middling size. Leaves f-2 ft. ; leaflets 2-9 by 1-3 in. ; petiolule ^^ in. 
 Flowers small. Fruit more than 1 in. diam. according to Roxburgh ; succulent in- 
 tegument of the seed eaten. — A. sexipetala, Griff. Notvl. iv. 505, sometimes with 
 6 petals and with rather fleshy leaflets, appears to belong to this species. The authentic 
 specimen in Herb. Kew. has leaves with 8-9 leaflets, not trifoliolate as given in Griflith's 
 description. 
 
 11. A. tenulcaulis, Hiem; indumentum rufous-stellate, leaflets 9 
 or more alternate shortly acuminate rounded or somewhat cuneate and 
 sometimes minutely peltate at the base shortly petiolulate, flowers small 
 
A</laia.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 557 
 
 shortly pedicellate arranged in ample many-flowered pyramidal panicles 
 shorter than the leaves, fruits in short panicles ellipsoidal 
 
 Penang? top of the hill, Maingay. (? Sincapore, Lolib.) 
 
 A tree of 8 ft. with slender stem. Leaves 3 ft. or more ; leaflets glaucescent above, 
 6-11 by 3-4 in. ; petiolule f-j in. Inflorescence 6-12 in. long. Frvit \ in. long. 
 
 Specimens from Sincapore, collected by Lobb, with ovate-oblong leaves and short 
 dense young panicles, probably belongs to this species. — Maingay's specimens are 
 marked as " from top of hill" simply, Penang being probably intended. 
 
 12. A. minutiflora, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. i. 44, t. 193 ; pubescence 
 ferruginous- or rufous-stellate, leaflets 7-15 opposite or subopposite narrowly 
 elliptic or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, base subcordate rounded or sub- 
 cuneate, panicles divaricately branched many-flowered, flowers shortly 
 pedicelled, fruit subglobose 1-2-seeded. A. polyantha, Bedd. I.e. Euphora 
 exstipulatis, Griff. Notul. iv. 547. 
 
 A handsome slender tree of 25 or 40 ft. with hard wood. Leaves 6-24 in. or more ; 
 leaflets 2-7 by §-2 4^ in., stellate-hairy beneath, glabrescent above except midrib. Pa- 
 nicles half to all the length of the leaves. • Fruit §-1 by 4-| in. 
 
 There are two forms, possibly distinct species. 
 
 a. travancorica ; leaflets usually subcordate, flowers ^ in. thiclc, corolla subglabres- 
 cent. — Courtallura, Wight; Travancor, Western Ghats, alt. 2-3500 ft., Beddome. 
 
 /3. Griffithii; leaflets subcuneate or rounded at the base sometimes with pellucid dots, 
 flowers minute, " cotyledons amygdaloid superposed, radicle imbedded between the 
 cotyledons its apex perpendicular to the ventral face of the seed its opposite pole deli- 
 cately pilose" {Ilaingay mss.). — Tenasserim and Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 ** Flowers clustered in small spikes. 
 
 13. A. cordatsi, lliern ; pubescence rufous-stellate, leaflets subsessile 
 7 elliptic opposite flnely acuminate, base more or less cordate, flowers 
 small sessile in little spike-like clusters arranged on a pyramidal panicle 
 nearly equalling or shorter than the leaves. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 12-18 in. ; leaflets 4-8 by 2-34 i°' Panicles 5-10 in. long or more. 
 
 Form 1. CaZyx glabrous. 
 
 FoKM 2. Calyx hirsute. 
 
 14. A. palexnbanica, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Sujml. i. 507 ; A7in. Mus. 
 Lugd.-Bat. iv. 52; pubescence rufous-stellate, leaflets 11-13 opposite or 
 subopposite elliptic acuminate somewhat cuneate at the base shortly petio- 
 lulate, flowers small sessile in little spike-like clusters arranged on a 
 pyramidal panicle rather shorter than the leaves, fruit depresso-globose. 
 A. Sippannas, Miq. I.e. 506. A. tomentosa, Teysm. <k Binn. in Nat, 
 Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. 43. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra and S. Borneo. 
 Leaves 6-12 in.; leaflets 2-4 by |-1^ in., minutely pellucid-punctate (Jfaiwgrai/) ; 
 petiolule ^-5 in. Panicles 44-9 in. long. 
 
 10. ZiANSZUM, Rumph. 
 
 Trees, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves odd-pinnate with quite entire 
 alternate or opposite shortly petiolulate leaflets. Flowers polygamo- 
 dioecious, 5-merous, axillary, male usually paniculate, the female &picate- 
 racemose. Sepals rounded, imbricated. Petals rounded, connivent, imbri- 
 
558 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Lansium. 
 
 cated. Staminal tube globose, crenulated ; anthers 10, obtuse, usually in 
 two rows, the shorter ones included, the longer partly exserted sometimes 
 apiculate. Bisk obsolete. Ovary globose, 3-5-celled ; cells 1-2-ovuled ; 
 style very short, thick, stigma truncate 3-5-lobed. Fruit baccate, edible, 
 1-5-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. JSeeds oblong, with ventral hile, invested in a 
 pulpy aril, exalbuniinous, — Disteib. A genus of scarcely more than the 
 following 4 species, confined to India and the Malay Archipelago. 
 
 The juicy envelope of the seeds is* the part eaten, and the taste is cooling and 
 
 * Leaflets 3-5. 
 
 1. Xi. anamalayanum, Beddortie in Tram. Linn. Soc.xxv. 212; Ic. 
 PL hid. Or. 104 ; Fi. Sijlvat. t. 131 ; leaflets alternate elliptic obtusely 
 acuminate base cuneate glabrous except occasionally hairy glands in axils 
 of veins beneath, sepals shortly ciliate, ovary strigose 3-lobed and -celled, 
 cells 2-ovuled, fruit oblong, radicle pubescent. 
 
 Western Peninsula; common in the m<5ist woods on the Anamallay hills, and in 
 the Wynaad, alt. about 20U0 it., Beddome. 
 
 A good-sized tree. Leaves %-^m.\ leaflets 3-44 by 1^-2 in.; petiolule |-| in. Her- 
 mai)]irvdite jlowers sessile, about ^ iu. diam. Fniit as big as a large grape. 
 
 2. Xi. pedioellatum, lliern ; leaflets 3-5 alternate or subopposite 
 elliptic acuminate glabrous base oblique obtuse or cuneate, ? racemes 
 short simple or branched at the base, flowers pedicelled, ovary shortly 
 tomentose 4-celled. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Slioots pale brown, obsoletely lepidote. Leaves 9-12 in.; leaflets 3-6 by 14-3 in. 
 petiolule ^-\ in. lone. 9 Ivjloresccnce 1-2 in. long ; pedicels ^-^ in. long. Young 
 fruit subglobose, fleshy, shortly tomentose, 4 in. diam. 
 
 3. Zi. cinereum, Hiemj leaflets 3-6 opposite elliptic obtusely acu- 
 minate base cuneate coriaceous glabrous shining except the veins, sepals 
 short, ovary hairy 5-celled, cells 1-ovuled. 
 
 Malacca, Maivgay. 
 
 Branches cinereous, tawny-pubescent at the extremities. Leaves 3-5 in. ; leaflets 
 pallid, 2-34 ^y |-U in- i petiolnle ^-§in. Hermaphrodite spikes nearly equalling the 
 leaves. Longer anthers apiculate.. 
 
 *♦ LeafleU 6-8. 
 
 4. Zi. domesticuzn, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 115, t. iv. f. 1, var. ; 
 leaflets alternate elliptic oblong or obovate abruptly shortly and obtusely 
 acuminate more or less narrowed at the base reticulate coriaceous shining 
 nearly or quite glabrous, petiolules tumid at the base, hermaphrodite 
 ^)ikes springing from the trunk and naked branches solitary or fasciculate 
 pubescent shorter than the leaves, ovary tomentose 5-ceUed, cells 1-2- 
 ovuled- CVrm de Serra in Ann. Mils. x. 157, t. 7, f. 1. 
 
 MalA'CCa, Griffith (Maivgay, cult.^. — Distkib. Widely cultivated in India, and per- 
 haps spontaneous in the,Malay Archipelago. Philippine Islands, according to Blanco. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 9-18 in. long ; leaflets 4-8 by 2-4 in. ; petiolules ^-4 in. Flowers 
 4sessile or subsessile. Fruit \-\\m. long, yellowish, turbiuate-ellipsoidal. — According 
 to Griffith the spikes are proliferous at the apex. 
 
 L. javanicum, Boemer Synops. BInnogr. i. 99; Aglaia Dookkoo, Griff. Notul. iv. 505; 
 3L. aqueum, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 3i; and L. humile, Ilassk. Betz. ed. 
 
Lansium.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 559 
 
 nov. i. 121, are probably also varieties of this cultivated species. L. silvestre, 
 Eoemer, I.e. according to Miquel, I.e. scarcely belongs to Meliaceag ; the plant intended 
 by this name has been referred by De Candolle to Cookia punctata, Betz. 
 
 11. AXVZOORA, Eoxb. . 
 
 Trees. Leaves usually unequally-pinnate ; leaflets oblique quite entire 
 axillary subdioecious, paniculate ; female spicate or racemose. Colyx 3-5- 
 partite or -fid. Petals 3-5, thick, concave, imbricated, rarely slightly com- 
 bined at the base. Staminal tube subglobose or campanulate, incon- 
 spicuously 6-10-crenate; anthers 6-10, included. Dish obsolete. Ovary 
 sessile, short, 3-5-celled; cells 1-2-ovuled ; stigma sessile, or style elon- 
 gated in A. Championii. Capsule subglobose, coriaceous, 3-4-celled and 
 -seeded, lociilicidally 3-5-valved. Seeds in a fleshy aril, with ventral hile. — * 
 DiSTEiB. A genus of about 15 species occurring only in India and the 
 Malay Archipelago, and also 1 endemic species in Australia. 
 
 Sect. I. Style short ; staminal tube subglobose or turbinate. 
 
 * Panicles spicate, male branched^ fenmle simple or branched ; fl(mers sub- 
 sessile. Staminal tube 6-toothed; anthers 6. 
 
 1. A. RoMtuka, W. (^ A, Prodr. i. 119; young parts tawny closely 
 pubescent in most cases quickly glabrescent leafy, leaflets 9-15 more or less 
 elliptic or ovate acuminate opposite base usually obtuse shortly petiolulate, 
 flowers white bracteate subsessile, male spikes panicled, female simple, 
 calyx 5-partite, petals 3, anthers 6, ovary 3-c elled with 2 superposed ovules 
 in each cell. Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 132 (but pedicels ^-\ in. long); Bran- 
 dis For. Fl. 69. Andersonia Rohituka, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 87 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 
 213 ; Roxh. Drawings in Hh. Kew. tt. 934, 1827. Sphserosacme polystachya, 
 Wall. Cat. 1277. Aglaia 1 polystachya, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ^ 
 ii. 429. S. ST'icata, TFrt//. Gat. 4895. Buchanania spicata lib. Roxh. ex Wall. l.c. 
 Meliacea Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4888. Amo '•ra macrophylla, Nimmo in 
 Grail. Cat. Bomb. PI. 31. Andersonia Eohitoca, Grif. Notul. iv. 507 ; Ic. 
 PI. Asiat. iv. t. 589, f. 3. 
 
 Assam, Silhet, Cachar, Oudh, Western Peninsula from Concan to Travancore, 
 Tenasserim and the Andaman Islands, Malacca, Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Archi- 
 pelago, Philippine Islds. 
 
 An evergreen tree with a large crown of branches. Leaves 1-3 ft. ; leaflets 3-9 
 by lg-4 in. Male panicles equalling or shorter than the leaves, female about half the 
 length of the leaves; male flowers ^, female \ in. long. Stigma trigonous, angles 
 opposite the calyx-lobes. Fruit smooth, pale yellow or reddish, 1-1 4 in. diam., scarcely 
 attenuate at the base, rather soft and fleshy, 3-celled, 3-valved. — The seeds supply an 
 economic oil. — Col. Beddome, in his Flora Sylvatica, t. 132, figures and describes under 
 this name a form from the Anamallay hills with shortly pedicelled flowers, the pedicels 
 measuring ^-\ in. long. A plant gathered by Dr. Hooker in the Sikkim Terai and 
 Kursiong with very large leaves, the leaflets measuring 12-15 by 3-6 in., may belong 
 to this species. 
 
 ** Flowers panicled, not S2)icate, 
 
 t Petals 3. Anthers 6-10. 
 
 X Leaflets 3-6, alternate or subalternate. 
 
 2. A. chittag'ong'a, Hiern ; young parts calyx and fruit lepidote, 
 leaflets 3-6 alternate and subalternate narrowly elliptic acuminate sub- 
 
660 XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Amoora. 
 
 glabrescent, base more or less narrowed, panicles racemose rather lax much 
 shorter than the leaves, calyx cup-shaped 3-toothed, petals 3, anthers 6, 
 ovary 2-celled, fruit obovoid. Aglaia chittagonga, Miq. in Ann. Mus. 
 Lugd.-Bat. iv. 44.— Meliacea, Griff. I tin. Notes 168. 
 
 Bhotan and Upper Asi=<AM, Griffith; the Khasia Mts., Chittagong, /. D. J2. <fe 
 T. T. (Milnea, No. 13); Pegd, Kiirz. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 3-8 by 1-3 in. ; petiolule ^\ in. Floioers yV"! in. 
 long, pedicelled. Fruit (immature ?) § in. long, longitudinally ridged, 2-celled. 
 
 3. A. canarana, Benth. <6 Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 335 ; young parts inflo- 
 rescence calyx and fruit lepidote, leaflets 4-6 alternate or subalternate 
 narrowly elliptic acuminate glabrate above usually punctate-lepidote 
 beneath, base more or less narrowed shortly petiolulate, panicles pyramidal 
 much branched shorter than the leaves, flowers shortly pedicelled, calyx 
 4-5- toothed cup-shaped ebracteate, corolla 3- (-4) -partite, staminal tube 
 truncate, anthers 6 (-7) included or slightly exserted, ovary 3-celled, cells 
 2-ovuled, fruit obovoid. Oraoma canarana, Tarcz. in Bidl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 
 1858,1 411. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from Canara, Stocks, to the Anamallay hills, Beddome. 
 Leaves 6-14 in.; leaflets 3-6 by 1^-24 in.; petiolule ^-^ in. Fruit (immature?) 
 ^ in. long. 
 
 XX Leaflets 3-13 opposite or suhopposite. 
 
 4. At cucullata, Roxh.Cor. PI. in. 54, t. 258; subglabrous, leaflets 3-13 
 opposite or subopposite obliquely ovate-oblong obtuse at both ends 
 glabrous shining firm terminal one often hooded at the apex, male panicles 
 drooping about as long as the leaves with numerous diverging branches 
 sparingly lepidote, female racemes few-flowered, calyx 3-lobed, petals 3, 
 anthers 6 (-8), ovary 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled, fruit subglobose 3-Iobed 
 3-celled 3-valved. Dalz. (L- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 37; Driiry Incl Fl. i. 164. 
 Andersonia cucullata, Poxb. Hoii. Beng. 87 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 212. Sphaerosacme 
 Eohituka, Wall. Cat. 1278, excl. si/7i. S. ? laxa. Wall. Cat. 4894. S. pani- 
 culata, WallitJ/erb. ex Mvi. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 37. ? Amoora auri- 
 culata, Miq. fide Miq. l.c. 
 
 Lower Bengal, in the Sunderbunds, and in Nipal, Wallick; King's Island in the 
 Andamans, Heifer. 
 
 A tree of considerable size and slow growth with cinereous bark and smooth branches. 
 Leaves 6-16 in. ; leaflets 3-74 by 1^-2^ in. ; petiolule §— | in. or terminal one longer. 
 Male fl. ^ in. yellow. Bracts caducous, 2 at the base of the calyx. Staminal tube 
 turbinate or subg:lobose. Capsule 24 in. diam. Seeds three-quarters covered with a 
 fleshy bright orange-coloured aril. 
 
 5. A. lanceolata, Hiem; subglabrous, leaflets about 17 opposite or 
 subopposite approximated lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous shining, 
 base obtuse lateral veins inconspicuous, male panicles nearly equalling the 
 leaves, flowers 3-merous shortly pedicelled, calyx trifid, anthers 6 just 
 included, ovary in the male flowers rudimentary. 
 
 Malacca, 3faivgay. 
 
 Shoots angular at the apex, leafy and with numerous axillary panicles. Leaves 6- 
 10 in. ; leaflets 2-3 by ^-f in- ; petiolule ^-^ in. Flowers very small. Staminal tube 
 globosely cup-shaped, 6-lobed ; lobes ovate, obtuse, minutely apiculate. Anthers mi- 
 nutely and very sparingly pilose. Stigmas 3, sessile, linear-trigonous, glabrous. 
 
Amoora.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 561 
 
 6. A. rubig'inosa, GriJ". mss. under Aphana?niocis ; ferruginous on 
 young parts calyx lower surface of leaves &c., leaflets numerous approxi- 
 mated subopposite ovate-oblong acuminate very shortly petiolulate some- 
 what farinaceous base conduplicate deeply cordate, lateral nerves numerous 
 subparallel spreading, panicles pyramidal base bulbous, flowers racemose 
 trimerous, calyx companulate trifid, anthers 6, ovary 3-celled, cells 
 2-ovuled. 
 
 Malacca ; Griffith^ Maingap. 
 
 A big tree, large in all its parts. Petioles thickenedat base ; leaflets Z-^ by 1-24 i^- 
 or larger. Panicles 9-18 in. long ; flowers \ in. long, calyx % in. long, petals orange- 
 yellow, aperture of the stamiual tube very small. Ovules superposed. 
 
 tt Petals 3. Anthers 8 or 10. 
 
 7. A. spectabilis, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 37 ; leaflets 
 11-13 opposite or subopposite oblong acutely subacuminate glabrescent 
 shining glaucescent beneath petiolulate base obtuse, male panicles pedun- 
 culate with alternate unequal branches, calyx stellate-puberulent obtusely 
 3-lobed short, petals 3 imbricated substellate-velutinous along the back, 
 staminal tube urceolate glabrous shortly and obtusely 8-dentate, anthers 8 
 (-9?) sublinear acute subexserted at the apex, fruit obovoid-pyriform. 
 Aglaia spectabilis, Hort. Galcutt. ex Miq. l.c. 
 
 Kangoon, McClelland. 
 
 Indumentum of young parts lepidote and mixed with stellate tawny hairs. Leaves 
 15 in. long; petioles angular; leaflets 4-8 by 1^-2 in.; petiolules \-^ in. Male 
 panicles nearly 1 J ft. long, female short. Fruit 1^-1 1 by 1-1^ in. 
 
 The description of the flowers is taken from Miquel, that of the fruit is given from a 
 specimen in Hb. Kew. Mr. Kurz, in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72 (1870), 
 declares that the species as described by Miquel is identical with the male plant of A. 
 cucullata, Boxb. Sphaerosacme spectabilis, Wall, ex Voigt Hort. Suhu/rh. Galcutt. 136, 
 from Nepal, may be a synonym. 
 
 8. A. rubescens, Hiern; leaflets 13-15 opposite oblong subacuminate 
 or obtuse glabrate base obtuse, panicles supra-axillary divaricately branched 
 crowded near the ends of the branches, pedicels short, petals 3, staminal tube 
 subglobose crenulate, anthers 10 linear, stigma conical sulcata 
 
 SiNCAPOBE, Maingay. 
 
 Young parts and inflorescence puberulent. Leaves 1J-2J ft. long; leaflets 3-7 by 
 1^-2^ in., lateral nerves about 10 on each side of midrib, depressed beneath ; petiolules 
 |— f in. Panicles \-\ ft. long, many-flowered; flowers ^ in. diam. Calyx short, irre- 
 gularly toothed. Petals and staminal tube glabrous. Dish annular. Ovary hairy, 
 5 ?-celled. 
 
 ttt Petals 4. Anthers 8. 
 
 9. A. laawli, Benth. & Hook. /. Gen. PI. i. 335 ; pallid, young parts 
 panicles calyces and fruit lepidote, leaflets 3-5 alternate or subopposite 
 more or less elliptic obtusely acuminate nearly or quite glabrous base more 
 or less narrowed, panicles pyramidal falling short of the leaves, flowers 
 racemose, calyx short truncate 4-toothed, petals 4, anthers 8 rarely 7, ovary 
 3-celled cells 1-ovuled, fruit 3-valved pear-shaped. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 133. 
 Epicharis exarillata, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 31. Nimmonia Lawii, 
 Wight in Gale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 13. Nemedra Nimmonii, Dalz. in 
 Dak. (^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 37. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
562 XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Amoora. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Malabar. 
 
 A middling-sized tree ; scales yellowish brown. Leaves 6-9 in. long ; leaflets 3-6 
 by 14-2 in., axils of lateral veins sometimes with hairy gland-like excrescences (galls?), 
 petiolules ^-^ in. Flowers ^y^i i^- ^oug, white, rarely 5-merou8. Fruit 1 in. long, 
 abounding in white resinous juice. 
 
 tttt Petals 5. Anthers 10. 
 
 10. A. Maingrayl, //iVm; subglabrous, leaflets 3-4 elliptic obtusely 
 acuminate glabrous shining above alternate or subopposite base more or 
 less narrowed shortly petiolulate, panicles shorter than the leaves, flowers 
 pentamerous, calyx short cleft, anthers 10 included, ovary minutely hirsute 
 3-celled, stigmas 3 connate sessile. 
 
 Malacca, JIaingay. 
 
 Leaves numerous, 4-6 in. long ; leaflets very minutely pellucid-punctate, 3-4^ by 
 1-1 1 in. Flowers j^ in. loug; petals slightly adherent at their base to the stamiual 
 tube. 
 
 11. A. deoandra, Hiem; leaflets 7-13 opposite oblong acuminate 
 base somewhat cuneate or nearly rounded subglabrescent, opposite sub- 
 membranous, sepals very short, anthers 10, ovary (3-) 6-celled cells 
 1-ovuled, fruit globose-obovoid 5-furrowed umbilicate 5-celled and -seeded. 
 Aglaia? decandra, ]V(tll. in lioxb. Ft. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 427. Sphaero- 
 sacme fragrans. Wall. Lc. 429 ; Vmgt Ilort. ISuburh. Calcutt. 135. Lansium 
 (sp.) W. d- A. Prodr. i. 119 ; BeiiUi. d; Hookf. Gen. PL i. 334. S. decandra, 
 Wall. Cat. 127(5. 
 
 NiPAL, Wullick; Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ft., i76. Griffith, J.D.IL ; Malayan Penin- 
 sula, Maingay. 
 
 A large spreading tree with thick trunk. Leaves about 1 ft. long ; leaflets 1^-8 by 
 by |-2 in. ; petiolules short. Male panicles equalling the leaves ; flowers very fra- 
 grant, on slender pedicels. Petals 5. Fruit about 1^ in. diameter, capsular. 
 
 Sect. II. Style long. 
 
 12. A. ? Champlonil, Benth. d- Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 335 ; leaflets 4-6 
 abruptly pinnate oppu.site obovatecuneate glabrous and shining subc(^r- 
 iaceous without prominent nerves shortly petiolulate apex rounded, panicles 
 supra-axillary slightly puberulent about half the length of the leaves, 
 flowers pedicelled tetramerous oblong, calyx short, petals oblong very 
 slightly or scarcely imbricated in bud at length spreading or reflexed, aj>ex 
 obtusely pointed, staminal tube widely tubular obtusely dentate bearing 
 inside near apex 8 equal shOrt 2-celled anthers in one row, ovary glabrous 
 4-celled cells 1- (or 2- cf. tig. in Hb. Kew.) ovuled, style columnar, nearly as 
 long as the staminal tube, stigma capitate, disk 0, fruit globose- pyriform 
 1-2-seeded, seeds exalbuminous with aril. Thwaites Enum. 409^ Bedd. 
 Anal. Gen. Iv. Dysoxylon Championii, Hook.f. d Thorns, ex Thwaites, 61. 
 
 Ceylon ; Central province, up to 4000 ft. alt., Thwaites. 
 
 A large tree, with leaves 4-7 in. long; leaflets 2-4 by f-1^ in. ; petiolnhs J-| in. 
 i^Zowens" yellowish, ^ in. long. Fi'uit 1 in. long. — Diflers from the type of Amoora by 
 the elongated style and by abruptly pinnate leaves. Perhaps a new genus. Mr. Kurz 
 (in Jouru. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72, 1870) declares it to be a species closely allied 
 to Carapa (Xylocarpus) caruosula, Zoll. 
 
 % 
 
Walsura.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 563 
 
 12. WAXiSURA, Koxb. 
 
 Trees. Leaves 1-5-foliolate ; leaflets opposite, quite entire, pale beneath. 
 Panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers small hermaphrodite. Calyx sliort, 
 6-fid or -partite, imbricated. Petals 5, ovate-oblong, spreading, slightly- 
 imbricated or subvalvate. Filaments 10 or 8, linear or subulate, free or 
 connate in a tube ; anthers terminal or inserted in the notch at the apex of 
 the filament. Disk usually annular, fleshy. Ovary short, 2-3-celled, im- 
 bedded in the disk, style rather short ; stigma turbinate-capitate, 2-3- 
 dentate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit baccate, shortly tomentose, inde- 
 hiscent, 1- rarely 2-celled and -seeded ; seed inclosed in a fleshy aril, exal- 
 buminous. — Distrib. Genus of about 10 species limited to India and the 
 Indian Archipelago. Occasionally, according to Kurz, the petals are in- 
 creased to 8 and the stamens to 15. 
 
 Imperfect specimens from Silhet (Wallieh, n. 8113), with short spicate inflorescence 
 and with trifoliolate leaflets, the terminal one on a long petiolule, appear to differ from 
 the known species of the genus. W. trichostemon, Miq. in Ann. 31u8. Bot. Lugd.- 
 Bat. iv. 60, from Siam, is said to differ from the undermentioned by its pilose anthers ; 
 Mr. Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72 (1870) unites it with W. villosa. Wall. 
 
 Sect. I. Euwalsura. Filaments linear. 
 
 * Leaflets solitary. 
 
 1. W. G-ardneri, Thwaites Enum. 61 ; leaflet solitary elliptic-oblong 
 obtusely acuminate glabrous whitish beneath, base obtusely narrowed, 
 petiolule short articulated to the longer petiole, filaments free hairy apex 
 bifid, anthers between the teeth of the filaments, fruit obovoid ellipsoidal 
 apiculate base narrow. Bedd. Anal. Gen. Ivi. 
 
 Ceylon ; in the Central province, alt. 2-4000 ft. 
 
 A small tree of 10-12 ft. Leaflets 3-3 by 1^-2 4 in.; petioliile ^V-i in. Petiole 
 |-f in. Petals somewhat imbricated. Fruit 1 in. long, covered with a short tomentum. 
 
 ** Leaflets 3-5. 
 
 t Filaments connate half way or more. 
 
 2. W. tubulata, Hiern; leaflets 3 ovate- or elliptic-oblong obtusely 
 acuminate shining above glaucous beneath quite glabrous, base somewhat 
 narrowed, panicles scarcely equalliHg the leaves, calyx partite, staminal 
 tube glabrous outside thinly pubescent inside equally 10-lobed at apex, 
 lobes bifid receiving the apiculate anthers within the notches. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya and Khasia Mts., Herb. Oriflith. 
 
 Shoots and petioles rough with lenticular specks. Leaves 8-15 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 
 1 J-3 in. ; petiolules |-g in., or the terminal ones longer. Flowers J in. long. 
 
 3. W. ternata, Roxh. Ilort. Beng. 90; Fl. Ind. ii. 389 ; leaflets 3 lanceo- 
 late-oblong or oblong obtuse glabrous and shining whitish beneath obtuse 
 at base, axillary panicles shorter than the leaves, flowers milk-white, calyx 
 partite, staminal tube thinly pubescent on both sides 10-fid halfway, free 
 l)ortion of filament alternately notched and shorter, anthers apiculate. 
 Bedd. Anal. Gen. Ivi. Cfr. Xylocarpus? Aiitila, Hb. Ham.; Wall. 
 Cat. 4893. 
 
 The Panjab, at Sheikpura ; Western Peninsula ; in the Godavery forests and in 
 the hilly districts of the Northern division of the Madras Presidency, Beddmie. 
 
 2 
 
564 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) [Walsura. 
 
 A small tree, subglabrous. Leaves about 8 in.; leaflets 4-5 by 1 in.; petiolules 
 ^-|. Panicles puberulent ; flowers | in. long. " IHak salver-shaped with a large high 
 callous margin. Berry narrow oblong." Beddome. 
 
 tt Filaments connate one third way or less. 
 X Leaflets usiuxlly 3 only. 
 
 4. W. piscidia, Roxh. IIoH. Beruj. 32 ; Ft. Ind. ii. 387 ; leaflets sub- 
 ternate elliptic obtuse often retuse glabrous shining pale beneath, flowers 
 pentamerous, petals imbricated, staminal tube half the length of tiie petals 
 equally 10-cleft for two thirds of its length divisions all bifid at apex 
 hairy above, ovary 2- rarely 3-celled, fruit covered with a short tomentum. 
 Wight III i. t. 55 ; Beddome Anal. Gen. Ivi. t. 8, f. 6; Wcdl. Gat. 1265; 
 l)alz. <b Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 37. Heynea trifoliata, A . Juss. in Mem. ^fns. xix. 
 235. Trichilia coriacea, IRottl. /J ; Wall. Cat. 1265. Trichilia trifoliata, 
 Wall. Cat. 8093. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Malabar and Travancor. Ceylon, Walker. 
 
 Leaves 2-7 in. ; leaflets 1-4 by §-]§in. ; petiolules iV-i i"-> terminal one longer. 
 Flowers ^ in. long, sordid-yellowish ; bracts minute, caducous. Fruit egg-shaped, § in. 
 long. — The bark acts as a fish poison. 
 
 ^ Leaflets 5. 
 
 5. W. vlUosa, Wall. Cat. 1264; young parts tawny-velutinous, 
 leaflets 5 elliptic or ovate obtuse sometimes shortly acuminate glabrescent 
 whitish beneath, at least when young, panicles equalling or shorter than 
 the leaves, calyx partite, filaments equal thinly pubescent narrowing 
 upwards but not subulate connate one third way from base, anthers ter- 
 minal. Wight dh Am. Frodr. i. 120. Trichilia? villosa, Wall.\.c. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Wallich, Griffith. 
 
 Leaves 6-10 in.; leaflets 2-4 by f-2 in., petiolules \-2 in. or the tenninal ones 
 longer. Flowers velutinous. — Schmidelia (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8056, also from Moulmein 
 with narrowly ellipsoidal acuminate shortly tomentose fruit scarcely 1 in. long, probably 
 belongs to this species. 
 
 6. W. hypoleuca, Kurz Fep. Veg. Andam. ed. ii. 33; iii Jonrn. Asiat. 
 Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 1872, 206 ; leaflets 5 elliptic to oblong-lanceolate acuminate 
 quite glabrous chartaceous glaucous beneath smooth, panicles puberulent 
 shorter than the leaves, calyx partite, filaments linear densely pubescent 
 on both sides not subulate free except base equal, ovary densely tawny- 
 tomentose, berries (immature) hoary-velutinous oblong acuminate. W. sp. 
 Kurz Rep. Veg. Andam. ed. i. p. iv. 
 
 South Andaman Island; in the Jungles especially of the interior, common, Kurz. 
 
 Xeares 9-16 in.; leaflets 4-6 by 1^-3 in. ; petiolules ^-1 in., terminal ones longer. 
 Floioers J in. long, w^hite. Petals 5, occasionally 8. Stamevs 10, sometimes as many 
 as 15. Fruit (j'oung) 4 in. long. — 1 have followed Mr. Kurz ; but perhaps the flowering 
 and fruiting specimens belong to diflerent species. 
 
 7. VT. neurodes, Hietm ; leaflets 5 elliptic shortly acuminate shining 
 above strongly nerved beneath glabrous base obtuse, panicles equalling or 
 exceeding the leaves puberulent, filaments linear equal densely pubescent 
 base connate, anthers subterminal, fruit 1-2-celled, aril thin. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Leaver 4-12 in. ; leaflets 2-6 by 1-2 in., faintly pellucid-punctate; petiolules |-^ in. 
 or terminal one longer. Flowers ^\w. long. Ovar?/ 2 -eel led ; stigma discoid ; ovules 
 2 in each cell, collateral, horizontal. Fruit ellipsoidal, ^-| in. long. 
 
Walsura.] xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 505 
 
 Sect. IT. Surwala. Filaments subulate. 
 
 8. W. rabusta, Eoxb. IIorL Beng. 32 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 386 ; subglabrous, 
 shoots and petioles rough with scabrous specks, leaflets 5 sometimes 3 
 ovate or elliptic acuminate shining, panicles nearly as long as the leaves 
 dense puberulent, calyx partite, iilaments equal free subulate pubescent 
 except apex, anthers terminal, ovary 2-celled, berry egg-sbaped or sub- 
 globose. Wall. Cat 1266, 8110, 8111, 8112. Surwala robusta, Roem. 
 Synops. i. 108. Monocyclis robusta, Wall, ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Cal- 
 cutt. 135. Scytalia glabra, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 8048 E, 7iot other letters. 
 
 SiLHET, Wallich; Assam, Hamilton; Khasia Mts. and Tenasserim, Griffith, kc; 
 Andamans, Kurz under name of W. villosa in Rep. Andam. ed. 2, 33. 
 
 A large timber tree. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 2-6 by 1-3 in. ; petiolules ^-\ in. or 
 the terminal one longer. Flowers J in. long, white. Staminal tube white ; anthers 
 yellow. Fruit ^-% in. long. 
 
 13. KEVNEA, Eoxb. 
 
 ^ Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves 5-11-foliolate ; leaflets opposite, quite en- 
 tire. Panicles terminal and axillary, corymbose, long-peduncled ; fl )wers 
 rather small, hermaphrodite. Calyx short, 4-5-fid, imbricated. Petals 
 4-5, oblong, suberect, somewhat imbricated. Staminal tube 8- or 10-fid ; 
 lobes linear, bidentate at apex, bearing the anthers between the linear 
 teeth. Disk annular, fleshy. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-3-celled, nar- 
 rowing into the short style ; stigma 2-3-dentate, with a thickened ring 
 at the base ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 2-valved, 
 1-seeded, glabrous. Seed arillate, exalburainous ; aril thin, white ; coty- 
 ledons hemispherical. — Distrib. A genus of 1-3 species, limited to India 
 and the Indian Archipelago. 
 
 1. ZZ. trijug'a, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; in Bot. Mag. t. 1738; Cor. PI. iii. 
 66, t. 260 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 390 ; leaflets 5-11 ovate oblong or lanceolate 
 acuminate glabrous above, paler and glabrate or pubescent beneath usually 
 obtuse-based, panicles nearly equalling the leaves, calyx pubescent or sub- 
 glabrate 5-4-fid, petals 5-4 glabrous or puberulent, staminal tube glabrous 
 or puberulent outside usually pubescent inside, filaments 10 or rarely 8 
 alternately rather shorter, capsule round. Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 31 ; Adr. 
 Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. t. 18, f. 17; Dah. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 38; Wall. 
 Cat. 1258 ; Brandis Fl. Sylvat. 70. Leea Isevis. Hb. Heyne ex Wall. l.c. 
 H. quinquejuga, RoxIk Cat. 9U; Fl. Ind. ii. 391; Wall. Cat. 1259. H. 
 affinis, Adr. Juss. l.c. 275 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 134; W. £• A. Prodr. i. 
 121. Walsura (Heynea) pubescens, K^trz in Journ. Asiat. Sac. Beng. xli. 
 ii. 297. H. connaroides,' Wight ex Voigt Hort. Sidiiirb. Calcutt. 136 ; 
 Drury Ind. Fl. i. 166. Zanthoxylon? connaroides, W. cC- A. Prodr. i. 148. 
 Zygophyllura? connaroides, W. S A. ex Wight Cat. n. 553. 
 
 Forests of OuDH and the Himalaya, from Nipal toBhotan; Khasia Mts., Pegu, 
 Bengal, Penang ; Western Peninsula from the Concan southwards. 
 
 A tree sometimes attaining a large size. Zeaves 4-15 in. long; leaflets 2-6| by 
 |-3 in. ; petiolules ^-| in. long or the terminal ones longer. Floioers white. Capsules 
 
 ^-^ in. long. — A specimen from Malacca in very young flower, gathered by the late 
 r. Maingay (Distrib. n. 346), with the leaflets of nearly the same colour on both sur- 
 faces, may belong to this species. Mr. Kurz, in Journ. Asiat. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72 (l870), 
 states that H. sumatrana, 3Uq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 505, from W. Sumatra, is 
 identical with H.. quinquejuga, Eoxb. 
 
566 XXXVII. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Bcddomea. 
 
 14. BEDDOBKSA, Hook. fiL 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves 1-5-foliolate, opposite or snbopposite ; leaflets 
 quite entire. Racemes or panicles axillary, few-flowered ; flowers of mode- 
 rate size, subglobose bermaphrodite. Calyx 4-6-partite, with broadly 
 ovate imbricated segments. Petals 4-6, orbicular, much imbricated. 
 Staminal tube short or globose, crenulate ; anthers 5-6, sessile, partially 
 or wholly exserted ; connective thick ; cells narrow, marginal, at length 
 confluent at the apex. Ovary short, hairy, more or less immersed in the 
 inconspicuous disk, 3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled ; style short thick, stigma 
 3-lobed, pyramidal. Fruit coriaceous, ellipsoidal ovoid or subglobose, 
 often acute at the apex, more or less ribbed and densely covered with 
 closely set scurfy and stellate tomeiitum, tardily dehiscent, 2-3-celled; 
 septa thin and often obsolete. ISeeds 3-5, large, more or less angular, 
 exarillate {Beddome). — DiSTKiB. An endemic genua. 
 
 1. 8. Indloa, Hook. f. in Benth. d: Hook. f. Gen. Pl.i. 336; young 
 shoots somewhat lepidote, leaflets 3 elliptic obtuse glabrate base somewhat 
 cuneate, panicles lax racemose, pedicels usually long, flowers 5-4-merous, 
 staminal tube short, anthers 5, fruit ovoid to, oblong. Bedd. in Trans. 
 Linn. Sac. xxv. 212 ; Anal. Gen. Ivi. ; Fl. Sylvat. t. 135 (smaller figure). 
 
 Western Peninsula, from Kurg to Cape Comorin, ascending lo 3-4000 ft. Anemia 
 rocke, Sispara, lib. Wight, 417. 
 
 A twigiry shrub. Leaves 6-12 in., leaflets 3-7 by 1^-3 in.; petiolulos J^-1 in. 
 Flowerg ^4 in. diam. Fruit I-I4 in. long, more or less furrowed, rough with close-set 
 rusty scales. 
 
 2. B. simplioifoUa, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 135; young parts with 
 scurfy scales, leaflets solitary elliptic or narrowly so subacuminate 
 glabrescent base obtuse or st)mewhat cuneate, panicles or racemes from 
 much shorter than the leaves to much longer or the flowers occasionally 
 solitary, flowers 5-6-merous, staminal tube large and globose or smaller, 
 fruit as in the genus. 
 
 Westekn Peninsula ; from the S. Concan to the Anamallay hills. 
 
 A tree iip to 3 ft. in girth and 25 in height. Leaves 3-6 by ] |-3^ in. ; petioles ^-1 in., 
 much thickened and quasi-articulated near the apex. I^ lowers variable in size, 1^5 -/^ in. 
 diam ; pedicels x^~\ in. long. Fruit oblong, size of pigeon's egg. — Beddome gives the 
 Ibllowing varieties. 
 
 Var. a ; racemes much longer than the leaves, flowers i^-i'V iu- diam. rufous- 
 tomentose. — Wynaad, Tinnevelly hills and Travancor, alt. 2-4000 tt. 
 
 Var. /3, parvijiora; panicles very .small not much longer than the petioles, flowers 
 iV-^ in. diam. rufous-tomentose. — Anamallay and Pulney hiilw, alt 3-4000 h. 
 
 Var. y, raeemosa; racemes filiform longer than the leaves, pubescence scurfy. — 
 Wynaad, Coorg, S. Canara. 
 
 15. CiLHAPA, AubL 
 
 Glabrous littoral trees. I^eaves 2- or 4- or sometimes 6-foliolate ; leaf- 
 lets opposite quite entire feebly nerved. Panides lax, axillary, flowers 
 hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-fid, short. Petals 4, reflexed, contorted sinis- 
 trosely (as seen from within). Staminal iid)e urceolate-globose, 8-dentate 
 at apex, teeth bipartite ; anthers 8, 2-celled, just included, sessile at top 
 of tube, alternating with the teeth. Disk fleshy, cup-shaped, adherent to 
 the base of the ovary. Ovary 4-celled, 4-sulcate; cells 2-8-ovuled ; style 
 short, stigma discoid. Fruit capsular, irregularly globose, large, 6-12- 
 seeded ; pericarp fleshy dehiscing by 4 valves opposite the obliterated 
 
Carapa.\ xxxvii. meliace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 66? 
 
 dissepiments. Seeds large, thick, angular • testa hard, spongy, aril 0, hilum 
 large, ventral; cotyledons amygdaloid. — Disteib. A genus of scarcely more 
 than 2 species, one Tropical American, the other from Tropical Asia, both 
 however occurring in Tropical Africa on the west and east coast re- 
 spectively. 
 
 The character of the genus given above is based on the latter species ; it constitutes 
 Kcenig's genus Xylocarpus. 
 
 1. C. moluccensis, Lam. Encyl. Meth. i. 621 ^ leaflets from ovate to 
 obovate usually obtuse very shortly petiolulate, panicles lax shorter than the 
 leaves sometimes in simple racemes. Bedd. Flor. Sylv. t. 136 ; Wall, 
 Cat. 1274. C. indica, Jms.mBwt.Sc. Nat.y\\, 32. C. ohovata,, Mume Bijdr. 
 179. Xylocarpus Granatum, Koen. Natiirf. xx. 2 ; Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. 
 xix. t. 20, f. 22. X. obovatus, Adr. Juss. I.e. 244. X. moluccensis, Roem. 
 Synops. i. 124. Granatum littoreum, Rumph. Amh. iii. 92, t. 61. Monosoma 
 littorata. Griff. Notul. iv. 502. Cfr. Guarea oblongifolia, Griff. I.e. 503. 
 
 Muddy seacoasts throughout India and Ceylon. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Malayan 
 Archipelago and N. Australia. 
 
 Leaves 4-8 in. ; leaflets 2-5 by 1-2^ in. Panicles 1-5 in. long; flowers J-g-in. long, 
 yellowish. Fruit 3-4 in. diam. 
 
 16. SOVMZDA, Adr. Juss. 
 
 A lofty glabrous tree. Leaves paripinnate ; leaflets opposite, entire, 
 obtuse. Panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers greenish-white, pentame- 
 rous. Calyx composed of 5 short imbricated sepals. Petals free, imbri- 
 cated, obovate, unguiculate, spreading. Staminal tube short, cup-shaped, 
 10-cleft, lobes bidentate ; antliers 10, sessile between the teeth, short. Bisk 
 flat. Ovar?/ 5-celled ; cells alternate with the sepals, each with about 12 
 biseriate pendulous ovules ; style short, stigma broad, fleshy. Capsule 
 septifragally 5-valved, woody; valves consisting of two plates, separating 
 from the 5-winged axis. Seeds numerous, flattish, winged at both ends, 
 albuminous ; cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. One endemic species ; two 
 other species from East Tropical Africa have been conjecturally referred to 
 this genus. 
 
 1. S. febrifug-a, Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. 251, t. 22, f. 26 ; leaflets 
 6-12 elliptic or oblong base usually oblique shortly petioluled, panicles 
 often equalling the leaves branches divaricate. W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 122; 
 Balz. (^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 38 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 8 ; Forest Reports Madras. 
 1866-67, t. 2; Brandis Fl. Sylvat. 71. Svvietenia febrifuga, Roxb. Mono- 
 grapihy ; Cor. PI. i. t. 17 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 398 ; Grah. Gat. Bmrib. PI. 32; Wall. 
 Cat. 1267. S. Soymida, Buncan Tent. Inaug. de Sw. S. (1794). S. rubra, 
 \_Rotd.'] Wall. Cat. 4890. 
 
 Hilly districts of North Western Central and Southern India, extending south- 
 ward to Travancor ; Ceylon. 
 
 Yields a very hard dull red-coloured wood, one of the most durable. Leaves nearly 
 evergreen, 9-18 in. ; leaflets 1^-5 by |-2f in. ; petiolules mostly very short. Flower» 
 about ^ in, long ; bracts ovate-deltoid, small. Capsule smooth, black when ripe, 1-24 i'^- 
 long. — Timber strong ; bark bitter. 
 
 17. CKZCKRASSIA, Adr. Juss. 
 
 A large timber tree with paripinnate leaves, alternate subopposite or 
 opposite acuminate oblique entire leaflets, terminal panicles and 4-6- 
 merous flowers. Calyx short, dentate. Petals oblong, free, sinistrorsely 
 
56S XXXVII. MELiACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Chickrassia, 
 
 contorted (as regarded from inside) erecto-patent. Staminal tube cylindric, 
 10-crenate ; antliers 10, erect, inserted within the crenatures, short. Disk 
 obsolete. Ovary shortly stipitate, 3-celled, cells each with numerous 
 biseriate ovules ; style stout, stigma capitate. Capsule 3-celled, septi- 
 cidally 3-valved, woody ; valves consisting of two plates, sei>arating from 
 the 3-winged axis. Seeds numerous, flattish, winged below, exalbuminous ; 
 cotyledons orbicular. — Distetb. One endemic species. 
 
 1. C. tabularls, Adr. Juss. in Mem. Mus. xix. 251, t. 22, f. 27 ; leaflets 
 10-16 ovate more or less velvety especially beneath or nearly glabrous 
 base obtuse shortly petiolulate, panicles erect scarcely equalling the leaves, 
 flowers yellowish or red, fruit ellipsoidal. W. d' A. Prodr. i. 123 ; 
 Thwaites Enum. 61 ; Wufht III. i. t. 56 ; Bedd. Ft. Sylvat. t. 9 ; Grah. Cat. 
 Bomb. PL 32. Swietenia Chickrassia, Roxb.llwt. Benrf. 33 : Fl Iiul. ii. 399. 
 Plagiotaxis Chickrassia, Wall. Cat. 1269. S. Sotrophola, II. Ham. ex Walt. 
 Cat. Lc. p. 214. C. Nimmonii, Grah. ex Wight i.e. 148 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. 
 Fl. 38. P. velutina, Wall. Cat. 1270. C. trilocularis, RoeuKn- Sifm/ps. 
 Monogr. i. 135. S. trilocularis, Roxb. ex Buck Journ. i. 184 ; G. Don Gen. 
 tSyst. i. 688. C. velutina, Roemer I.e. ; Knrz in Jomm. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 
 xlii. ii. 1873, 65. S. velutina and S. villosa. Wall, ex Kurz I.e. Cedrelse 
 spec. De Cand. ? lib. Wight, ex Wall. Cat. 4892. ] Cedrela velutina, DC. 
 Prodr. i. 625. % Cedrela villosa, Roxb. Hcyrl. Beng. 18. ? Melia tomentosa, 
 Kurz. Rep. Veg. Aiidam. ed. I p. iv., not of Roxbunjh. ? Toona velutina, 
 Roem. Synops. Monogr. i. 139. 1 T. villosa, Roem. l.c« 140. 1 Cedrela odorata, 
 Ilori. Kew. olim ex Roem. I.e., not Linn. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Coorg ; Malacca and Ceylon ; (?^ippere 
 and the Andaman Islands). 
 
 Leaves 12-18 in. ; leaflets 2-5 by lj-2f in. Floicers about ^-^ in,^ loilf^ Ovary 
 hairy. Stigma about on the level of the anthers. Fruit nearly 2 in. lung. — The Chit- 
 tagong wood tree. 
 
 18. CSDRSXiA, Linn. 
 
 Tall trees with coloured wood. Leaves pinnate; leaflets numerous, 
 opposite or subopposite, entire or serrate. Panicles terminal and subter- 
 minal oblong ; flowers white pentamerous. Calyx short, 5-cleft. Petiils sub- 
 erect, oval, imbricated, free. Stamens 4-6, free, inserted at the top of the 
 disk, sometimes alternating with staminodes, filaments subulate ; anthers 
 widely oblong, versatile. Di^k thick or raised, 4-6-lobed. Ovary sessile on 
 the top of the disk, 5-celled ; cells alternate with the calyx-lobes, each; with 
 8-12 biseriate pendulous ovules; style filiform, stigma discoid. Cdpsule 
 coriaceous, 5-celled, septifragally 5-valved ; valves consisting of two plates. 
 Seeds compressed, winged below or at both ends, with fleshy albumen; 
 cotyledons flat, subfoliaceous. — Distrib. About 12 species, inhabiting 
 Tropical Asia, Australia, and America. 
 
 1. C. Toona, Roxb.ex Rotd. &\ Willd. in Gesell. Nat. Freunde. N. Sdir. iv. 
 198 (1803) ; HoH. Beng. 18 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 238 ; Fl. Ind. i. 635 ; leaflet 8-30 
 obliquely ovate or lanceolate acutely acuminate glabrous shining entire or 
 serrate base obtuse petioluled, panicles drooping about as long as or exceed- 
 ing the leaves, pedicels short, stamens 5 occasionally 6 or alternating with 
 staminodes equalling the petals, capsule oblong. W. d A. Prodr. i. 124; 
 Wight Ic. t. 161 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 10 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 38 ; 
 Brandis Fl. Sylv. 72, t. 14 ; Wall. Cat. 1272, 9041. C. febrifuga, Bbtme 
 Bijdr. 180. C. hexandra, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ii. 425 ; Cat. 
 1272. 1 C. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 1273., C. serrata, Royle III. t. 25 ; Brandis 
 
Cedrela.] xxxvii. MELiACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 669 
 
 l.c. 73. C. australis, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 4, teste Benih. Fl. Austral, i. 387. 
 1 0. multijuga, Kurz in Journ. Asiat Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 297. Toona ciliata, 
 febrifuga, liexandra, serrata, and longifolia, Roem. Synops. i. 139, 140. — 
 Rumph. Herh. Amhoin. iii. t. 39. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya ; from the Indus eastward, ascending to 3000 ft. ; and through- 
 out the hilly districts of Central and Southern India and Birma (absentia Ceylon!). 
 — Distrib. Java, Australia. 
 
 Leaves 1-3 ft., deciduous; leaflets 2-7 by |-3 in., sometimes glaucescent beneath. 
 Floioers fragrant, |-^ in. long. Petals ciliate. Capsule about |-1 in, long, oblong. — 
 Dr. Braudis distinguishes C. serrata from C. Toona by several characters ; however, I do 
 not find any of them constant, except that in the few examples that show it the seeds 
 of the former have wings at the upper end only, while those of the latter have wings at 
 both ends ; it is common throughout the Himalaya, attaining an elevation of 8000 ft. — 
 The flowers are used for dyeing : see Buchanan, Journey, i. 215, iii. 288. 
 
 19. CKI.OROXVI.ON, DC. 
 
 A moderate-sized tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets obtuse, oblique, 
 entire. Panicles terminal and axillary, pubescent ; flowers small penta- 
 merous. Galyx deeply lobed. Petals spreading, unguiculate, imbricated in 
 bud. Stamens 10, inserted in the depressions of the disk, free ; filaments 
 filiform-subulate, the alternate ones rather longer ; anthers small, versatile. 
 Dish thick, 10-lobed, pubescent. Ovary pubescent, immersed in the disk ; 
 3-lobed, 3-celled ; cells about 8-ovuled ; style short, slender, glabrous, 
 stigma small, capitate. Capsule coriaceous, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved. 
 Seeds compressed, exalbuminous ; margins angular, winged above ; coty- 
 ledons plano-convex.— Distrib. One endemic species. 
 
 1. C. Swietenia, DC. Prodr. i. 625 ; leaflets 20-40 opposite subopposite 
 or alternate glabrous pale and dotted on lower surface base very unequal 
 shortly petioluled, panicles scarcely as long as the leaves, pedicels longer 
 than the flowers, capsule glabrous oblong dark brown. TV. <& A. Prodr. i. 
 123; Wight Lll. i. t. bQhis; Grah. Cat. Bomh. PI. 32; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. 
 t. 11 ; Brandis Fl. Sylvat. 74 ; Dalz. (^ Gibs. Bomh. Fl. 39 ; Thwaites Enum. 
 61 ; Wall. Cat. 1268. Swietenia Chloroxylon, Roxb. Cor. PL i. t. 64 ; Fl. 
 Ind. ii. 400. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan to the Nilghiris ; Ceylon. 
 
 Young parts petioles and inflorescence covered with grey puberulence ; heartwood 
 with a beautiful satin lustre and fragrant. Leaves 5-9 in. ; leaflets §-1 \ by ^-| in. 
 Mowers ^ in. wide when open. Capsule 1 in. long by 4 in. thick. — Indian Satin- 
 wood. 
 
 Meliacea penangiana, Wall. Cat. 4889, from Penang, consists of 3 unnameable 
 and apparently diverse species, one of which is probaljly a Canarium. 
 
 Meliacea rugosa, Wall. l.c. 4891, from Penang is probably not Meliaceous. 
 
 Order XXXVIH. CHAILLETIACE.ffi. (By J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire ; stipules 2, deciduous. 
 Flowers small, unisexual or polygamous, in corymbose cymes ; peduncles 
 sometimes adnate to the petiole. Sejjals 5, free or connate, sometimes 
 unequal, imbricate. Petals 5, free, subperigynous, equal or unequal, 
 notched or 2-fid, with often an inflexed lamina, which is adnate to the face 
 of the petal, usually open in aestivation. Stamens 5, subperigynous, all or 
 some only fertile, free or adnate to the corolla; anthers oblong, connective 
 
570 XXXVIII. CHAiLLETiACEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 often thickened at the back. Disk of 5 glands or scales, or a 5-glandular 
 or -lobed cup. Ovary free, pubescent or villous, 2-3-celled ; styles 1-2-3, 
 free or more or less connate, stigmas simple or capitate ; ovules anatropous 
 in pairs from the top of eacli cell, pendulous. Drnj)e pubescent or hispid, 
 oblong transversely oblong or didymous, compressed ; epicarp entire or 
 dehiscent; putamen iudehiscelit or not, 1-3-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seed 
 pendulous, hiluni broad, testa membranous, albumen ; embryo large, 
 cotyledons thick, radicle small superior. — K small chiefly tropical order, of 
 3 genera and about 40 species. 
 
 1. ckazx.x.i:tia, do. 
 
 Flowers polygamo-moncecious. iSejmls 5, unequal, united at the base or 
 above it, obtuse. Petals 5, 2-lobed, narrow, free. Stamens 5, sometimes 
 slightly adnate at the base to the petals. Dish of 5 quadrate scales placed 
 opposite the petals. Ovary 2-3-celled. — DiSTKiB. Tropical Asia, Africa, and 
 especially America; species about 30. 
 
 1. C. grelonloides, Ilooh.f. in Gen. Plant, i. 341 ; branchlets minutely 
 pubescent, leaves glabrous elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate or -obovate 
 abruptly acuminate or caudate-acuminate narrowed into the very short 
 petiole, flowers in small cymes. Bedd. Fl. St/lv. Anal. Gen. 69, t. 9, f. 1. 
 C. sumatrana, Miqud Fl. Ind. Bat. Supi>l. 329. Moacurra gelonioides, 
 Rood). Fl. Ind. ii. 70; Baill. Etnd. Gen. Euph. 587; Mull. Arg. in DC. 
 Prodr. XV. pt. 2, 227 ; Thwaites Enum. 79 ; Dalz. & Gi))S. Bomb. Fl. 52. 
 Celastrus acuminatus, Wall. Cat. n. 4342. Wahlenbergia, Br. ex Wall. 
 Cat. Didex, p. 232. 
 
 Eastern Bengal ; at the foot of the Khasia Mts., and in Silhet and Chittagong ; 
 Western Peninsula, on the Ghats from the Concau southwards. Ceylon, ascending 
 to 3000 ft.— DiSTRiB. Sumatra, 
 
 A small suhdicecious tree. Leaves 2-4 by f-2 in., rather thin, nerves reticulate, pale 
 when dry, the young pilose or silky beneath ; stipules pubescent, old quite glabrous be- 
 neath. Male fl. about ^ in. diam. SejyaU subeqiial, obtuse, hoary. Petals as long, 
 naiTow obovate, glabrous, a subquadrate scale is placed in front of each at the base. 
 Stamens inserted at the very base of the calyx, or rather shorter than the petals, con- 
 nective broad. Female fl, as in the male, but the anthers have no pollen. Ovary 
 broad, sessile, woolly; styles 2, very short, stigma minute capitate. Fruit when per- 
 fect |-1 in. diam., transversely oblong or obconlate, 2-cnlled, compressed and didymous, 
 hut often only one carpel is perfect, and then it is smaller, oblong and oblique, epicarp 
 thick, rather Heshy, dehiscing along the edges, and becoming partially reflected, ex- 
 posing the yellow mesocarp which surmounts the rough crustaceous endocarp. Seeds 
 oblong, testa thin ; embryo the shape of the seed, radicle short. — Roxburgh erroneously 
 descnoes the split epicarp as a 2-valved capsule, and the coloured fleshy mesocarp as an 
 aril. The descriptions of Baillon and Miiller are evidently taken from imperfect speci- 
 mens, and probably of two diflerent plants; they both retain Moacurra, and refer it to 
 Euphorbiacece. Beddome describes the endocarp as divisible into two valves, but I find 
 no trace of this in eastern specimens. Thwaites has a var. /3, with leaves more or less 
 tomentose beneath. 
 
 2. C. Kelferiana, Eurz in Beng. As. Soc. Journ. xli. 1872, pt. 2, 297 ; 
 branchlets terete, young hoary-pubescent, leaves elliptic-oblong or -obovate 
 acuminate petioled young and old along the nerves silky pubescent beneath, 
 veins very indistinct, flowers in hoary branched racemes, fruit hoary. 
 Chaillet. (spec.) Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 4038. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez, Heifer. 
 
Chailletia.] xxxviii. chatlletiace^. (J. D. Hooker.) 571 
 
 It is difficult, in the absence of floAvers, to distinguish this by characters from C. 
 gelonioides; the leaves are larger, 4 inches long, more oblong, more shortly and sharply 
 acuminate, of a brown colour when dry, with very faint slender nerves, and they are less 
 narrowed at the base. The fruit, judging from Wallich's specimen, is smaller, though 
 as densely hoary and of the same shape, and the epicarp dehisces in the same way. 
 
 3. C. long'ipetala, Turci in Bull. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 611; branches 
 angular pustular, young densely tomentose leaves elliptic or elliptic-lan- 
 ceolate acuminate silkily hairy beneath, especially on the nerves and 
 pubescent on the nerves above, old scabrid beneath, cymes densely 
 tomentose, male lax small-flowered, female short with fewer denser flowers 
 that have longer petals. 
 
 Tenasserim; at Mergui, Griffith, Heifer. 
 
 Apparently a monoecious climber ; bark of branchlets pale and densely pustular, 
 youngest fulvous-pubescent. Leaves 3-4^ in., dark-brown when diy, nerves strong 
 beneath ; petiole very short. Male fl. in effuse cymes, about ^-in. diam. Sepals con- 
 nate into a turbinate tube, obtuse, lioary, unequal. Petals little longer than the sepals, 
 broad, split to below the middle. Stamens equalling the petals. Disk-scales quadrate, 
 crenate. Rudimentary-ovary minute, woolly. Female fl. twice as large as the male. 
 Calyx the same. Petals twice as long as the Sepals, narrow. Stamens with long fila- 
 ments and no pollen. Ovary globose, clothed with straight white hairs ; style long and 
 slender, 3-fid at the apex. Fruit wanting. 
 
 4. C. deflexifolla, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 611, var. tomen^- 
 TOSA ; branches terete smooth young fulvous-tomentose, leaves petioled 
 elliptic or elliptic-oblong acute coriaceous shining above tomentose beneath, 
 nerves strong minutely pubescent above, cymes peduncled spreading many- 
 flowered hoary. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Apparently a climber ; branches black, the ultimate clothed with fulvous pubescence. 
 Leaves 4-6 by 2|-34 in., much broader than in any of the preceding species, very 
 shortly acuminate or very acute, coriaceous and hard, dark-brown when dry ; petiole 
 stout. Cymes many, much branched, eff'use, 2 in. diam. Male fl. xs-i^- diam. Calyx 
 divided nearly to the base ; segments unequal, obtuse. Petals rather longer than the 
 sepals. Female fl., calyx as in the males. Petals half as long again as the sepals. 
 Stamens long ; anthers empty. Ovary clothed with matted wool ; style very slender, 
 3-fid at the tip. Fruit unripe, hoary with fulvous tomentum.— I unite this with the 
 Javanese C. deflexifolia with some doubts, the leaves being so much more tomentose 
 beneath. 
 
 Var. ? sordida ; leaves 3-4 by 1|'2 in., minutely pilose or pubescent and purplish- 
 bi-own beneath. Sincapore, Wcdlich (Cat. n. 9016), Maingay. — The specimens are 
 flowerless ; Wallich's has unripe fruit quite like that of var. tomentosa. 
 
 5. C. Griffithli, Hook. f. ; branchlets clothed with long spreading 
 strigose hairs, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate cordate at the 
 very base, hairy beneath, cymes short few-flowered, fruit oblong densely 
 clothed with fulvous rigid hairs. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 A very distinct species from any of the above. Branchlets slender, clothed more or 
 less laxly with hairs, 175-^ in. long. Leaves subsessile, 4-7 by 2-3 in., glabrous above, 
 beneath more or less clothed with long hairs, that are sometimes confined to the nerves, 
 at others scattered over the surface. Flowers, female only seen, larger than its con- 
 geners, J in. diam., in small few-flowered cymes. Calyx divided nearly to the base, 
 densely tomentose. Petals not exceeding the sepals, pubescent. Stamens equalling 
 the petals. Ovary densely clothed with rigid fulvous bristles ; style very slender, 3-fid 
 at the tip. Fruit 1^ in. long, 2-celled. — Griffith describes this as a shrub with the 
 flowers whitish, capitate, and hidden under the leaves, and with 1-ovuled ovarian 
 cell. I find however 2 ovules, as in the other species. Maingay had given this, or a 
 
572 XXXVIII. CHAILLETIACE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Chailletia. 
 
 variety of it, the mn. name oH lanuginosa, his specimen having softer pubescence on the 
 leaves than Griffit^h's; but the nature of the clothing of the branchlets, leaves, and fruit 
 is far from being woolly; he further describes the styles as 2, short and distinct, which 
 probably applies to male flowers, as in GriflSth's plant it is slender and 3-fid at the 
 apex. 
 
 6. C. Iiaurocerasus, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; branches terete smooth 
 black and leaves perfectly glabrous, leaves oblong and elliptic-oblong very 
 shortly petioled obtusely acuminate, nerves very slender, cymes very small 
 few-flowered, fruit large hoary, transversely oblong or globose when one 
 carpel ripens. 
 
 Penang, in every part of the hill, Maingay. (Sincapore? Lohb.) 
 A scandent shrub ; remarkable amongst the India species for being perfectly gla- 
 brous, even the young twigs and leaves ; branchlets black when dry, not pustular. 
 Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., on short slender petioles, coriaceous, very smooth and bright 
 red-brown when dry. Cymes, female only seen, small, few-flowered, shortly peduncled. 
 Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx divided nearly to the base, lobes very rounded, nearly 
 equal, hoary externally. Petals glabrous, about twice as long as the calyx. Stamens 
 equalling the petals ; anthers empty. 0<^ar?/ minute, pubescent; style long, slender, 
 3-fid at the tip. Fruit fully formed IJ in. across, epicarp hard, endocarp thick, bony, 
 tubercled on the surface, white inside. — Lobb's specimen is ticketed from Sincapore, 
 but is more probably from Penang. 
 
 C. sp. ? Wall. Cat. 7443, from Penang, Porter, without flower or fruit, is probably an 
 undescribed species of Chailletia. It has terete branches, pubescent branchlets, narrow- 
 oblong glabrous leaves, 5-8 in. long, with obtuse or subacute tips and rounded bases, 
 beautifully reticulated and shining on both surfaces; the cymes are small and fulvous- 
 pubescent. 
 
 Order XXXIX. OLACINE^. (By Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs rarely herbs, sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate, 
 rarely opposite, simple or lobed, penni- or palminerved, exstipulate. Injlo- 
 rescence cymose • cymes terminal, axillary, or extra axillary, sessile or more 
 or less peduncled, rarely capitate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or 
 unisexual, often dioecious. Calyx usually .small, 4-5 -toothed, sometimes 
 accrescent, free, or adherent either to the ovary or to the fruit, lobes val- 
 vate or imbricate. Petals 3-6, valvate or imbricate, free, or more or less 
 coherent. Stametis 3-15, inserted with the petals, free or adnate to them 
 and either opposite to or alternate with them, all fertile, or some (stami- 
 nodes) anantherous, disunited or more or less monadelphous ; anthers 
 erect, 2-ceIled, spUttin^ongitudinally. Bisk hypogyuous, cup-shaped, 
 perigynous or epigynous. Ovary hee, or half-inferior, 1 -celled, or im- 
 perfectly 2-3-5-celled (from the dissepiments not reaching the apex of the 
 cavity) ; style simple or 0, rarely divided, stigma entire or lobed ; ovules 
 1-5, pendulous from the apex of a central placenta, or from the side or apex 
 of the ovarian cavity, consisting usually of a naked nucleus ; funicle (or 
 placenta ]) often dilated into a thickened process, " obturator," above the 
 ovule. Fruit drupaceous, or dry indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded, free, or 
 more or less adnate to the calyx-tube and disk. Seed pendulous, albumen 
 fleshy, entire or lobed rarely ; radicle superior, cotyledons leafy, flat or 
 folded, rarely fleshy.— Disteib. Genera about 40, species about 190, widely 
 distributed through the Tropics of both hemispheres. 
 
 In the following pages the arrangement of Bentham and Hooker is followed, though 
 in all probabiHty some of the genera, when better known, will have to be transferred 
 
XXXIX. oLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 573 
 
 elsewhere. Gnffith, Miers, and following them Baillon, Engler, and others, consider 
 the Icacine.ce to form a separate Order, an arrangement probably more natural than 
 that which is here followed on the ground of expediency, though Oliver's genus 
 Pteleocarpa is to novae extent intermediate. 
 
 Tribe I. Olacese. Stamens anisomerous, or equal and opposite to the 
 petals. Ovary 2-3-5-celled at the base, 1-celled at the apex, or completely 
 1-celled ; ovules pendulous. 
 
 * Fertile stamens anisomerous or twice or thrice the number of the petals. 
 
 Leaves alternate. Fertile stamens 10 1. Ximenia. 
 
 Leaves alternate. Fertile stamens 3-5 2. Olax. 
 
 Leaves alternate. Fertile stamens 12-15 3. Oghanostachys. 
 
 Leaves opposite. Fertile stamens 10 4* Ctenolophon. 
 
 ** Fertile stamens isomerous with and opposite to the petals. 
 
 Calyx adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 5. Ovary 1-celled . 5. Erythropalum. 
 
 Calyx adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 0. Ovary 3-5-celled . 6. Strombosia. 
 
 Calyx not adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 5. Ovary 1-celled 7. Anacolosa. 
 
 Calyx adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 0. Ovary 3-celled . 8. Schcepfia. 
 
 Tribe II. Opilieee. Starmm isomerous, opposite to the petals or lobes 
 of the perianth. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. 
 
 * Flowers monochlamydeous. 
 
 Bracts small. Staminodes 5. Ovule erect 9. Cansjera. 
 
 Bracts conspicuous, hop-like. Staminodes 0. Ovule pendulous 10. Leplonurus. 
 
 ** Flowers dichlamydeous, 
 Staminodes 5 . 11. Opilia. 
 
 Tribe III. ZcacineaB. Stamens isomerous, alternate with the petals. 
 Ovary 1-2-cened, with 1-2 ovules pendulous from the top of the cell ; 
 rarely perfectly 2-3-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell. 
 
 * Calyx cup-shaped^ denticulate, valvate. 
 
 Petals glabrous within. 
 
 Filaments bearded, hairs curving over the anther ; anthers 
 
 adnate. Style subulate 12. Lasianthera. 
 
 Filaments glabrous or with short hairs only ; anthers pendu- 
 lous. Stigma discoid 13. Gomphandra, 
 
 Filaments glabrous ; anthers innate, sagittate at the base. 
 
 Ovary oblique 14. Apodytes. 
 
 Petals villous within. Ovary ovoid 15. Mappia. 
 
 ** Calyx deeply 5-parted, lobes imbricate. 
 
 Flowers unisexual. Ovary 1-celled 16. Phlebocalymna. 
 
 Flowers hermaphrodite. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit dry, winged . 17. Pteleocarpa. 
 
 Tribe IV. PhytocreneaB. Flowers (except in lodes) and fruit as in 
 
 Icacinece. Embryo more developed, cotyledons broad fleshy or foliaceous. 
 — Climbers. 
 
 Stamens alternate with the petals. 
 Flowers capitate. 
 
 Drupe echinate or bristly. Albumen deeply lobed . . .18. Phytocrene. 
 Drupe smooth. Albumen slightly lobed 19. Mivjuelia. 
 
674 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 
 
 Flowers spicate, racemose or panicled. 
 
 Staminodes 0. Stigma sessile. Albumeii 20. Sakcostigma. 
 
 Starainodes 5. Styles 2. Albumen fleshy 21. Natsiatum. 
 
 Stamens opposite to the petals. Stigma sessile 22. Ioi>e3. 
 
 A milky-juiced climber. Sepals and petals imbricate. Fruit 
 
 dry winged . . >^ •-» 23. CARDiopxERia. 
 
 1. XZMSNZA, Linn. 
 
 A shrub or low tree. Branches spiny. Leaves shortly petioled, alter- 
 nate, simple, l-nerved. Flowers racemose, usually hermaphrodite. Calyq; 
 cupular, 4-5-toothed, persistent, not accrescent. Petals 4-5, oblong, revo- 
 lute, hairy within. Stamens twice the number of the petals, hypogynous ; 
 anthers innate, linear, 2-celled. Staminodes 0. Ovary sessile, superior, 
 4-celled ; style columnar, stigma simple ; ovules solitary in each cell, 
 pendulous, anatropous. Drupe ovoid, 1-celled ; stone solitary. — Distrib. 
 Species, 4-5, 1 Mexican, 1 South African, 1 Bornean, 1 Polynesian, 1 widely 
 dispersed through the Tropics of both hemispheres. 
 
 Baillon (Adansonia, iii, 128) describes the ovules as erect, but I find them as above 
 described. 
 
 1. X. americana, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 230 ; Roxh. Ft. Ind. ii. 252 ; W.d^A. 
 
 Prodr. i. 89 ; Miq. Ft. Ind. Bat. l pt. i. 787. X. Russelliana, WaU. Cat. 
 6784. 
 
 Eastern and Western Peninsulas, Circars, Wight; Belgaum, PitcMe ; Andaman 
 IsLDs., A'wr^ ; Malacca, Orijjith; Ceylon, Thwaitcs. — Distrib. Malayan Archipelago, 
 Trop. Africa and America. 
 
 Branches spreading glabrous, covered with a red astringent bark, often ending in a 
 spine. Young shoots angular. Leaves IJ by 1 in. and upwards, coriaceous, gla- 
 brous, ovate-oblong, or roundish, emarginate, base rounded, vernatioj? conduplicate ; 
 petiole ^ in. Flowers J in., bisexual, sometimes polygamous, white, fragrant, in short 
 racemes, which are axillary, or on the ends of thickened contracted shoots. Rachis 
 terete, 4-6-flowcred. Bracts minute. Buds oblong, acute. Calyx minute. Petals 
 many times longer tban the calyx, equal to the stamens in length. Connective thick. 
 Ovary ovoid-oblong, glabrous, longitudinally sulcate, surrounded at the base by the 
 persistent ultimately reflexed calyx ; style as long as the stamens.— The fruit is edible 
 and the wood is used as a substitute for Sandal-wood. This plant is omitted in Thwaites' 
 Fnumeration. 
 
 » excloded species. 
 
 X. ? OLACiGiDEs, W. & A. Prodr. i. 89, is Opilia amentacea, Poxh. 
 
 X. JEGYPTIACA, Juss. Oeu. 288 ; Pozb. Fl. Lid. ii. 233, is Balanites Eoxburghii, 
 Planch. 
 
 2. OZiAX, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, often scandent, sometimes prickly. Leaves alternate, 
 petioled, simple. Racemes axillary, simple, or branched. Bracts minute. 
 Calyx minute, cup-shaped, truncate or obscurely toothed, accrescent. 
 Petals hypogynous, valvate, more or less coherent, sometimes 6 in 3 pairs, 
 or 5, 4 coherent, 1 free, rarely 5 or 3 free. Fertile stamens u.sually 3, rarely 
 4, 5, generally opposite the edges of the petals aYid attached to their base, 
 rarely opposite their centre ; anthers adnate to the filament, (versatile, 
 W. (£-• A.) oblong, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Staminodes 5-6, bifid, 
 usually opposite the petals. Ovary fi'ee, usually surrounded by a shallow, 
 
Olax.] XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.; 575 
 
 cup-shaped, hypogyiious disk, more or less 3-celled below, 1-celled above ; 
 style simple, terminal, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 3, linear, pendulous from 
 the apex of a central placenta. Fruit more or less covered by the accrescent 
 fleshy calyx ; stone crustaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed inverse, albumi- 
 nous ; embryo minute, in the apex of albumen ; radicle superior. — Distrib. 
 A genus of 25-30 species, natives of the tropics of the Old World. 
 
 1. O. scandens, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 163; Cor.PlJl^t. 102; scandent, 
 prickly, leaves ovate oblong or oblong-lanceolate, racemes many-flowered, 
 peduncles ascending longer than the bracts. Wall. Cat. 6774 A to G ; 
 W. d' A. Prodr. i. 89 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 785 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. 
 Fl. 'll ; Thwaites Enmn. 42 ; Brandis For. Flor. 75. O. Bador, Ham. in 
 Wall. Cat. 6778. O. psittacorum, Vald Enum. 34, 'partly. Roxburg^ia 
 baccata, Kaen. exW. & A. Prodr. i. 89. 
 
 Tropical Western Himalaya, in Kumaon ; Behar ; Central and Southern India ; 
 KoHiLKUND, BiRMA, Tenasserim ; Ceylon, in hot dry parts of the Island. — ^Distrib. 
 Java. 
 
 Trunk as thick as a man's thigh. Branches terete, more or less puherulous, prickles 
 stout, curved. Leaves distichous, 2 by 1 in., yellowish -green, glabrous or sometimes 
 puherulous beneath; petiole i^-^ in., puberulous. Racemes sohtary, axillary, half 
 the length of the leaves ; peduncles puberulous, twice the len2:th of the minute bracts. 
 Flowers small, white. Calyx puberulous or glabrescent. Petals 3-5-6, irregularly 
 cleft. Fertile stamens 3, anthers oblong. /Staminodes 2-fid. Ovary ovoid-oblong 
 1-celled, 1- rarely 3-ovuled. Drupe ovoid or globose, 3-4ths covered by the accres- 
 cent calyx. — Variable in the form and vestiture of the leaves as well as in the degree 
 of cohesion of the petals. From this latter cause the number of petals in different 
 flowers appears to vary and the relative position of the fertile stamens and petals 
 seems to be different. Wallich's 0. Bador is rather more pubescent than the other 
 specimens. 
 
 2. O. imbricata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 164 ; scandent, unarmed, leaves 
 ovate-oblong acute, racemes many-flowered, peduncles ascending scarcely 
 longer than the bracts. Wall. Cat. 6775 A, B ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 
 i 785. 
 
 CmTTAGONG and Martaban at Amherst, Wallich. — Distrib. Java, Philippines. 
 
 Branches slender, terete, young shoots puberulous. Leaves distichous, 4 by If in. and 
 upwards, coriaceous, glabrous, base rounded ; petiole \ in. Racemes axillary, compact, 
 provided, when young with large (for the genus), ovate, concave, imbricate bracts so 
 as to resemble the spikelets of a ^Hza (Roxb.), ultimately about 1 in., dichotomous, 
 many -flowered ; peduncles puberulous. Flowers nearly ^ in. Petals 6, combined in 
 3 pairs. Fertile stamens 3, nearly as long as the G bifid staminodes. Fruit 4 in., ovoid, 
 glabrous. 
 
 3. O. Wig-htiana, Wall. Cat. 6779; shrubby or arborescent, leaves 
 ovate-oblong, racemes many-flowered lax, peduncles drooping longer than 
 the bracts. W. and A. Prodr. i. 89 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27 ; T/iwaites 
 Enum. 42 ; Beddome Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. 9, f. 2. O. lucida, Heyne in 
 Wall. Cat. 6777. O. p«ittacorum, Vahl Enum. ^z'd'ijMrUy ex W. <k A. Prodr. 
 i. 89. O. zeylanica, Wall. Cat. 6777 B?. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards ; Malacca, Griffith ; Ceylon, in 
 the warmer parts of the island. 
 
 A shrub or small tree (Beddome), a scandent shrub (Dalz. and Gibs.). Branches terete, 
 glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1^ in. ; glabrous, shining above, paler beneath; petiole i in., 
 glabrous or puberulous. Raceme 1 in., axillary, solitary or clustered, simple or 
 branched; peduncles ^ in., distichous. i^Zoi«er-&t<c?s cylindric-clavate. Flower \-\ in. 
 Calyx cupular, puberulous. Petals 5. Fertile stamens 3, half the length of the 
 
576 XXXIX. OLACINEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Olax. 
 
 petals. Staminodes 5, bifid, nearly as long as the petals. Ovary ovoid. Fruit oblong, 
 nearly covered by the closely adherent glabrous calyx. 
 
 Var. 1, hracteata, racemes elongated half as long as the leaves, bracts 2-3 times 
 longer than the peduncles ovate leafy. — Bombay, Law. This may be merely an 
 accidental variation. 
 
 4. O. zeylanioa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 532 ; arborescent, leaves ovate 
 acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, racemes many-flowered, peduncles ascending 
 scarcely exceeding the bracts. Wall. Cat. 0776 A, 6776 B ? ; W. (h A. Prodr. 
 i. 88 ; Thwaites Enitm. 42 ; Beddome Ft. Sylv. Ix. 
 
 Ceylon, southern parts of the island, Thwaites. 
 
 A small tree. Young branches acutely angled, glabrous, transversely wrinkled, 
 loosely divaricate. Leaves 2 by f in., glabrous, shining ; petiole \ in. Racemes 
 axillaiy twice the length of the petiole, rachis puberulous, peduncles subtended by a 
 hract of about equal length. Flower-bud cylindric-clavate. Flowers ^ in. Calyx- 
 rim crenulate. Petals 5, oblong, many times longer than the calyx. Fertile stamens 
 3, shorter than the 6 bifid staminodes. Ovary ovoid. Fruit ovoid-oblong, obtuse. 
 
 5. O. mergruenBls, Planch, in Herb. Kew ; arborescent, leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate acuminate, base tapering, racemes many-flowered, peduncles as- 
 cending scarcely exceeding the bracts. 
 
 Tenasskrim ; at Mergui, Griffith ; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A low tree. Branches purplish, glabrous. Leaves 5 by 1^ in., glabrous, coriaceous; 
 petiole ^ in. Racemes solitary or many from the same axil, rather longer than the 
 petiole, simple or branched, erect ; peduncles pubei-ulous. Bracts ovate, acute, concave, 
 overlapping when young. Flowers ^ in., whitish, fragrant. Petals usually 6, in 3 
 pairs, or 5, rarely three. Fertile t^tamens 3, opposite the petals, nearly as long as the 
 bifid staminodes. Ovary ovoid-conic. 
 
 6. O. acuminata, TTW/.Ca^ 6781; shrubby, branchlets angular, leaves 
 ovate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, racemes few-flowered, j)eduncles de- 
 flexed. Bmth. in Linn. Trans, xviii 678. O. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 6780. 
 O. longifolia. Wall. Cat. 6782. 
 
 SiLHKT, Wallich; KhasiaMts., alt. 2000ft., R.f. & T.; Buotan, Griffith; Assam, 
 Jenkins. 
 
 Ascandent? shrub. Branches glabrous, yellow, divaricate, virgate. Leaves 2-4 
 by f-l^ in., glabrous, acute, base tapering; petiole ^ in. Racemes very short, peduncles 
 distichous. Flower-budu ovoid-conic. Flowers minute. Calyx pateriform. Petals 3, 
 oblong-lanceolate, apex incurved. Fertile stamens 3, opposite the petals, shorter than 
 the 6 bifid staminodes ; anthers apiculate. Ovary ovoid. Fruit f in., ovoid-oblong, 
 obtuse, glabrous, orange-coloured. 
 
 7. O. nana, Wall. Cat. 6783 A, B ; suffruticose, leaves oblong-lanceolate, 
 peduncles solitary l-flowered. Benth. in Linn. Trans, xviii. 678. 
 
 Hot Valleys of the Western Himalaya, ascending to 5000 ft. from Nipal westward 
 and in the Panjab. 
 
 Shoots herbaceous, from a contracted woody stock, virgate. Leaves \\ by ^ in., 
 subsessile, glabrous, black in drying ; petiole \ in. Flower-buds obovoid. Flowers 
 scarcely 4 in. Petals 3, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse. Fertile stamens 3, opposite 
 to the petals. Staminodes bifid, longer tban the fertile stamens. Ovary ovoid-oblong, 
 1-ceiled. Fruit globular, pea-like, 1-celled, l-seeded. — This is one of those curious 
 plants, which like Grewia nana, appear never to form a trunk, but only a contracted 
 stock from which the shoots originate every year and are destroyed by fire, cattle, &c. 
 
 3. OCKAMOSTACHVS, Mast. 
 
 A tree or shrub. Z^a?;es alternate, petiolate, 1 -nerved. Flowers numerows, 
 on long, slender, branching axillary spikes. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5-toothed, 
 
Ochanostaehys.] xxxix. olacine^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 577 
 
 not accrescent 1 Petals 4-5, free, valvate, hairy within. Stamens 12-15, 
 hypogynous, or adherent to the base of the petals, or arranged in groups of 
 3 before the petals, tilanients subulate, glabrous ; anthers minute, dilymous, 
 opening longitudinally. Staminodes 0. Disk hypoi^ynous, fleshy, very 
 shallow, annular, or inconspicuuus. OvavT/iree, ovoi'i, incompletely 3-celled 
 beneath, 1-celled above; style cylin Iric, stigma minute capitate obscurely 
 3-lobed ; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the apex of a central 
 placenta. Fruit unknown. — Distrib. Species 1 or 2 natives of the Malay 
 jieninsula and Borneo. In technical characters allied to Ximenia, but dif- 
 fering in habit, arrangement of the leaves, inflorescence and number of 
 stamens. The name refers to the thong-like inflorescence. 
 
 1. O. amentacea, Mast. ; leaves oblong acuminate, base acute, spikes 
 about as long as the leaves. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay, Griffith.— Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 Branches terete. Leaves 5-6 by 2 4 in., coriaceous, glabrous, quite entire, 1 -nerved, 
 secondary pairs of nerves about 5, rather distant, arching ; petiole ^ in. Flower-bud 
 roundish-oClung. Flowers yV in. Calyx puberulous. Stamens ^ shorter than the 
 petals. 
 
 4. CTENOI.OFKON, Oliv. 
 
 Trees. Zeo'?^es opposite, petiolate, simple, 1-nerved. Inflorescence ^BZiicXedi- 
 cymose, terminal. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, dichlamydeous. Calyx 
 5-parted ; lobes imbricate, not accrescent. Petals 5, free, imbricate, oblong, 
 reflexed after flowering. Stamens 10, free, springing from a short, riug-like 
 hypogynous disk, those opposite the petals longer than the others ; anthers 
 roundish, apicidate, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise. Staminodes 0. Ovary 
 free, shortly stalked, imperfectly 2-celled ; style cylindric, apex bifid, 
 stigmas capitate; ovules in pairs in each cell, collateral, pendulous. Fruit 
 coriaceous or crustaceous, 1-cellcd, 1-seeded, dehiscing irregularly. Seed 
 pendulous from the apex of a free central placenta, and provided with a 
 dorsal, pectinate crest.^ — Distmb. 2 known species, both Malayan. 
 
 1. C. parvifolius, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 516, t. 43 ; leaves 
 elliptic shortly and obtusely acuminate, ovarian cavity reaching nearly to 
 the base of the style. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branchlets glabrous, purplish. Leaves 2-4^ by l|-lf in., coriaceous, glabrous, 
 shining above, reticulate beneath, base rounded; petiole i-;) in., channelled. Ivfiores- 
 cence about the length of the leaves, cano-tomentose, panicled-cyraose ; pedicels short, 
 thick. Bracts -^^ in., caducous, ovate, deltoid. Flowers \ in. Calyx-lobes roundish, 
 concave, tomentose outside, subglabrous within Petals 5, erect, four times longer than 
 the caljx-lobes, coriaceous, oblong, recurved, downy outside, except at the overlapped 
 margin. Anthers adnate. Ovary ovoid-globose, hirsute, surronnde 1 at the base by an 
 annular disk, 2celled; style elongate, 2-furrowed, glabrous. Fruit {-% in., ellipsoid; 
 pericarp woody, crustaceous, splitting on one side. Seeds with an arilloid crest. 
 
 2. C. g-randifolius, Oliv. I.e. ; leaves oblong shortly and obtusely acu- 
 minate, ovarian cavity scarcely exceeding in length the hypogynous disk. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Branchhts terete, glabrous. Leaves 3^-7 by 14-24 in., coriaceous, glabrous, entire, 
 midrib prominent beneath; petiole |-4 in., gla'rous or pruinose. Iiiflorescence bub- 
 pyramidal, peduncles ascending, articulato at the nodes, pedicels exceeding the calyx. 
 Bracts scale-like, caducous. Flowers ^-^ In. Stpnls equal, roundish, concave, coria- 
 ceous, cano-tomcntose outside, glabrous within. Petals 5-6 times longer than the 
 
 VOL.1.. PP 
 
578 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Ctenolaphm. 
 
 sepals, linear-oblong, cano-tomentose. PoUen-grains large, 5-6-gonon8, compressed. 
 Ovary ovoid, densely hirsute, angular, 2-celled, dissepiment perforate ; style short, gla- 
 brous above. Fruit not seen. 
 
 5. ERYTKROFAZaUZtl, Blume. 
 
 Climbing cirhose shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, palmi- 
 nerved. I'endrils axillary. Peduncles axillary, dichotomous, ultimate 
 pedicels umbellate, ebracteate. Flowers hermaphrodite (monoeciuus Blume), 
 C(dyx adherent, limb 4-5-parted. Corolla rotate-campaniilate, deeply 
 6-lobed, lobes valvate. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, filaments very short; 
 anthers incurved, adnate, introrse, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise at the sides ; 
 connective thick. Staminodes 5, alternate with the lobes of the calyx, and 
 springing with the stamens from the throat of the corolla. Ovary semi- 
 adlierent, obconic, tapering at the apex into a short style, 1 -celled, some- 
 times (always ?) provided with an epigynous disk ; stigma minute 3-lobed ; 
 ovules 1-3, pendulous from the apex of the ovarian cavity, naked. Fruit 
 fleshy, indehiscent, ovoid-oblong or clavate, surmounted by the remains of 
 the calyx, 1-celled ; epicarp (calyx ?) ultimately separating from the fruit in 
 3-5 fleshy, reflexed valves. Seed 1, pendulous, albumen fleshy; embryo 
 minute. — Distrlb. The following are the only known species : — 
 
 1. E. scandens, Blume Bijdr. 921 ; leaves glabrous membranous ovate 
 or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, base sui)peltate rounded or acute, flowers 
 less than ^.^ in. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 7(>4 ; Wall. Cat. 9033, without 
 name. Coccnlus caloi)hyllus, Wall. Mss. in herb. 
 
 SiLHET, WalUch; Khasia Mts., alt. 2-2400 h.,H.f.& T.; Veqh, Kurz ; Malacca, 
 Maingay. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 Bravches striated, glabrous. Leaves 5 by 2^ in., 3-7-nerved, glaucous beneath. 
 Tendrils (stborlive peduncles) simple or bifid, tliickencd towards the apex. Cymes 
 axillary, lax, much branched, many -flowered, peduncles 3-4 in. ; branches divaricate, 
 nltimate pedicels umbellate, longer than the flower. Bracteole.e minute. Calyx cup- 
 shaped, obscurely 4-5 toothed. Corolla deeply 5- parted, lobes ovate. Ovary ovoid, 
 style short. Frint |-1 in. by \ in., Icelled, epicarp, (persistent calyx), yellowish, ulti- 
 mately separating from above downwards into 3-4 valves. 
 
 2. E. populifolium, Mast. ; leaves subcoriaceous ovate or roundish 
 acuminate, base cordate subpeltate, flowers exceeding tV i"- Mackaya 
 populifolia, Am. in Mag. Zod. Bot. 1838, ii. 531. 
 
 Tkavancor, at Courtallum, WigJd. 
 
 Glabrous. Leaves 5 by 4| in., 3-7-nerved, glaucous beneath; petiole 1^ in. 
 Ptdundes axillary, 1 or more together, or on a sliort thick spur, slender, dichotomous, 
 lew- flowered, pedicels longer than the flowers. Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely 5-toothed. 
 Corolla rotate, deeply 5 parted, lobes oblong, much longer than the calyx. Ovary 
 ovoid, semi -adherent, 1-ceIled ; style short, subulate ; ovules 3. Fruit ^ in., oblong or 
 ellipsoid. 
 
 3. E. vagrum, J/a5^; leaves subcoriaceous ovate-oblong obtuse or acute, 
 base subpeltate cordate, ovary with an epigynous disk. Modeccopsis vaga, 
 Griff. Notul. iv. 633 ; Ic. PL Lnd. Or. 028. 
 
 Tkopical Himalaya, from Nipal to Mishmi and Assam ; Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 Leaves 6^ by 4| in , 5-7-uerved ; petiole 2 in. Peduncle 7-8 in. Calyx tube obconic, 
 mnrgin obscurely 5-tootlied. Corolla deeply 5 lobed ; lubes herbaceous, oblong-ovate, 
 reflexed. Filaments filiform, anthers minute. Ovary ovoid-oblong, 1-celled, epiirynoas 
 disk laige, 5-loled, lobes opposite the sepals; style short, subulate, stigma minute 
 
Erythropalum.] xxxix. olacine^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 579 
 
 ovules 3, pendulous, anatropal. Fruit 1 in,, ovoid-oblong, surmounted by the remains 
 of the disk, epicarp fleshy whitish; raesocarp somewhat bony, brownish; endocarp 
 whitish, spongy. Seed solitary, large, pendulous, ovoid, acute below, without coat 
 or distinction of parts except a trace of a radicle (Griffith). — The structure of the seed 
 requires further investigation. Materials are wanting for this purpose. 
 
 6. STROItlBOSIA, Blume. 
 
 Trees or shnibs. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, 1 -nerved. Ivjlorescence 
 cymose, cymes short. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, dichlamydeous. 
 Calyx cup-shaped, more or less 5-lobed, inferior, or partly superior. Petals 
 5, free, hairy within. Stamens 5, opposite the petals and adnate to their 
 base ; anthers 2-celled, introrse. Staminodes 0. Ovary wholly superior, or 
 partly inferior, imperfectly 4-5-celled, surrounded by a perigynous 5-lobcd 
 disk ; style simple ; ovules 4-5, pendulous from a central placenta. Fruit 
 drupaceous, surmounted by the remains of the calyx-lobes and of the style ; 
 stone crustaceous. Seed pendulous, embryo minute within fleshy albumen. 
 — DisTRiB. Species 6, natives of the Western peninsula, Ceylon and the 
 Archipelago. In the Indian species I find the flowers cleistogamous. 
 
 Sect. 1. Eustrombosia. Ovary free. 
 
 1. S. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 1154; Mm. Bat. Lwjd. Bat. i. 251 c. ic. ; 
 leaves oblong acuminate entire, base rounded, calyx obscurely 5-lobed. 
 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 787. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Texasserim, 5e//er ; Penang, Wallicli ; Malacca, 31aingay . 
 
 A lofty tree with hard white wood. Branches terete, purplish, glabrous. Leaves 
 6-7 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous; petiole ^-f in. Flower-bud ellipsoid. Flowers 
 ^-\ in., greenish, in short axillary cymes, which scarcely exceed the petiole. Calyx 
 shallow, free, but accrcKcent and adherent to the fruit. Petals 5, much exceeding the 
 sepals, oblong, coriaceous, slightly hairy within near the re volute tip. Stamens 5, 
 ^ shorter than the petals. Ovary conical, style short. Fruit drupaceous, turbinate, 
 substipitate, by abortion 1-seeded. — Although the ovary of this species is free, the fruit 
 is adherent (Blume confirmed by Baillon). 
 
 Sect. 2. Z<avallea {Baillon, genus). Ovary more or less adherent to the 
 calyx-tube. 
 
 2. S. ceylanica, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 350; leaves 
 inequilateral oblong-lanceolate acuminate entire, calyx 5-fid. Miq. Fl. Ind. 
 Bat. i. pt. i. 787 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 137. Strombosia javanica, Thwaitf^ 
 Eiium. 42, not of Blume. Sphserocarya leprosa, Dak. in Hooh. Kew Journ. 
 iii. 34 ; Dalz. <^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 223. Lavallea ceylanica, BaUl. Adansonia, ii. 
 361. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; in the Concan and Canara. Ceylon, in forests of the Central 
 province, alt. 3000 ft. 
 
 A tree or shrub with greyish bark. Leaves 6 by 2| in., glabrous, coriaceous, base 
 rounded or somewhat tapering ; petiole | in. Flower-hiids oblong-<lavate. Flouers ' 
 jV--^ in., siibse.ssilH, in axillary glomerules, or on a thick spur. Calijx-lohes rounded, 
 ciliate. Petals 3 times longer than the calyx-lobos, acute, hairy within, tips ultimately 
 reflexcd. Ovary 4-5-celled below, ovules 5. Fruit 1 in , pyriform, rugoao. deep purple, 
 apiculate, scaly, tuberculate when ripe. — The species varies in stature and in the form 
 of the leaf. The Cingalese forms have often more oblique leaves than those from the 
 Peninsula. 
 
 PP2 
 
580 XXXIX. OLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Amcolosa. 
 
 7. ANACOX.OSA, Blume. 
 
 Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, 1 -nerved. Inflores- 
 cence cyraose, axillary. Calyx cup-shaped, 6-7-tootlied, not accrescent. 
 Petals 5-7 , free, valvate, springing with the stamens from an hypogynous or 
 perigynous disk. JStajnens concealed in the cavity of the petals and slightly 
 adnate to their base, filaments glabrous, or pilose at the apex ; anthers 
 basifixed, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary imperfectly 2-3-celled 
 below, 1-celled above : style simple, stigma shortly lobed ; ovules 2-3, 
 pendulous from a central placenta. Frail drupaceous, surrounded by the 
 accrescent disk; stone crustaceous, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous; embryo 
 minute, at the apex of fleshy albumen, radicle superior thicker than the 
 cotylcfions. — Distrib. Species 5 or 6, natives of Southern India, the Malay 
 peninsula, and archipelago. 
 
 1. A. densiflora, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 211, t. 22 ; 7^/. Sylv. 
 t. 138 ; leaves oblong acuminate, base rounded, cymes many-flowered dense, 
 calyx glabrous. 
 
 Travancor, on the Anamallay hills, Beddome. 
 
 A lofty tree. Branches terete. Leaves 4 5 by 1^-2 in., glabrous, shining, entire ; 
 petiole \ in. Cyme 7-20-fiowerecl, pedicels \ in., a.s long as the yeilow fragrant flowers. 
 Flower-hudu ovo\<\, come, f'ahjx ciip-shaTHid, 4-6-tootln;(l. P<tuls 4-6, ovate-lanceo- 
 late, reflexed at the tips, hispid within. Filaments glabrous, ninch shorter than the 
 petals, anthers roundish ghibrou.4. Ovary snrronnded by a broad disk, 3-ceIled, cells 
 l-ovulat« ; style simple, scarcely so long as the ovary, stigma 3-lobed. 
 
 2. A. illcoides, Mast ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute at both ends, 
 cymes few-flowered lax, calyx glabrous. 
 
 Khasia Mrs., / D. 11 (0 T. T. 
 
 A small spreading tree. Bark grey. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in., plabrous, coriaceous ; 
 petiole 4 f i'l- Peduncle half the lenc^th of the petiole, dividing int > 3 pedicels as 
 long as itself, or cymes ses-ile, nnibcllate. Flower-hvds ovoid, enbi^lobose. Calyx 
 gUilirous, cupsh.iped, 5-6 fid, lobes deltoid. PetnU 5-6, 2 or 3 times longer than 
 the sepals, coriaL-c-ous, oblong, inflexed at the points, hairy within just above the anther. 
 Filaments br<>ad, glabrous ; anthers subglobose. Ovary depressed conic, imperfectly 
 3-celled ; ovules 3. Fruit unknown. 
 
 3. A. G-riffithil, Mast.; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, cymes 
 few-flowered, calyx glabrous. 
 
 TKNASSEKiM'and Andaman Islands, Griffith, Kurz. 
 
 Shrub or trcL-? Branches slender, purplish. Leaves 2^ by 1 in., coriaceous, glabrous; 
 petiole 4 in. Cipnes axillary, sessile, or on a short scaly spur; pedicels half the length of 
 the petiole. Flower-huds subglobose. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-6'toothed. Pitals 1 or .3 
 limes lon-^er than the sepals. Filaments much shorter than the petals. Ovary conical, 
 2-3-celled ; style short, stigma obscurely lobed ; ovules 2-3. 
 
 4. A. Maing-ayl, Mast. ; leaves suborbicular, base rounded, cymes 
 
 few-fiowerod, calyx glabrous. 
 
 Singapore, Maingoy. 
 
 A tree or shrub? Barh grey, rugose, tubercled. Leaves about 2 in. each way, 
 coriaceous, glabrous, venation obscure ; petiole \ in. Cymes axillary ; pedicels glabrous, 
 shorter than the petiole, each with 2-3 minute, sqtamiform bracts aj; the base. Floiver- 
 buds oblong. Calyx cup-shaped, minutely 5-toothed. Petals 5, oWong, valvate. 
 Filamevts glabrous, much shorter than the petals ; anthers oblong. Ovary surrounded 
 hy a 5lobed disk, imperfecdy 3-celled ; style as long as the ovary, stigma 3-lobed 
 ovules 3, pendulous. Fruit the size of a pea, glaucous, globose. 
 
Anaeolosa.] xxxix. olacine.e. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 581 
 
 5. A. puberula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc Beng. 1872, ii. 297 ; leaves 
 oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate, base acute, calyx puberulous. 
 
 Andaman Islds., Kurz. 
 
 A large shrub. Leaves 5-6 in., shortly petioled, glabrous, coriaceous. Peduncles 
 ■short, erect, puberulous, springin;^ from a short, thick, axillary spur. Calyx covered 
 with yellowish dovvn (Kurz). — I have not seen this spjcies. 
 
 6. A. ? heptandra, Maingay in herb. ; leaves lanceolate, base acute, 
 calyx puberulous, filaments hairy. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A shrub or tree. Leaves 6 by 2 in,, coriaceous, glabrous; petiole ^ in. Peduncles 
 4-6, axillary, tufted, about the length of the petiole, puberulous. Flower-buds 
 oblong-truncate. Fioioer -^^iw. C'c/Z?/.r cup-shaped, 5-toothed. PefaZs 5 (7, Maingay), 
 valvate, coherent, ultimately free, coiiaceous, oblong, obtuse, concave, triangular at the 
 apex, hairy on the middle of the inner surface, edges membranous. Stamens 5 
 (7, Maingay), hvpogynous, opposite the petals, filaments broadly strap-shaped, bilobed at; 
 the apex, and provided with a tuft of bristly hairs ; anthers minute, didymous, concealed 
 by the hairs uf the filament ; pollen-grains triangular. Ovary depressed-globose, iobed, 
 surrounded by an annular disk, imperfectly 2-3-celled; style conic-fusiform as long 
 as the ovary, stigma minutely 2-3-too;hel; ovules 2-3, pendulous. — A remarkable 
 species. The flowers I examined were pentamerous. Maingay says in a note that it 
 agrees with Anaeolosa in all respects but the heptamerous flowers. 
 
 8. SCKCEFFZA, Schreb. 
 
 Trees. Branches terete or angular. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate. 
 Racemes axillary, many-tlowered. Flowers fragrant, yellow. Ejfncalyx cup- 
 siiaped, deeply 3-lobed. (Jalyx adherent to the ovary, limb obsolete. 
 Corolla perigynous, tubular, limb 4-5-parted. Stamens 4-5, epipetalous, 
 filaments slender ; anthers free, glabrous, 2-celled, attached below the middle 
 to the apex of the filament ; pollen triaugular. Oi'a/'y half-superior, sur- 
 mounted by a fleshy epigynous disk, 3-celled beneath, 1-celled at the top ; 
 style cylindric, stigma capitate, 3-lobed ; ovules 3, cylindric, pendulous 
 from the apex of a central placenta. Fruit drupaceous, surrounded at the 
 base by the persistent epicalyx, marked above by the remains of the calyx 
 and corolla ; stone thin, striated, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Embryo minute, in the 
 apex of fleshy albumen, radicle superior, cotyledons plano-convex. — 
 DiSTRiB. Species 3-4, natives of the Himalaya and of tropical South 
 America. 
 
 1. S. fragrans, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 18, t. 9; leaves narrow lanceolate 
 acuminate, lloxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 188; Griff. Ic. PI. Lid. Or. 629. S. odorata, 
 Wall. Cat. 485. 
 
 Nipal, Wallich. Khasia Mts., Griffith. 
 
 A small tree. Bark corky, whitish. Branches terete, smooth. Leaves scattered, 
 2-3 by ^-f in., acute at both ends; petiole \ in., channelled above. i^oce?wes .half the 
 length of the leaves ; rachis slender, pedicels ^-S, each ^-1 in. Floioers \ in. Lobes of 
 the e2nca''yx imbricate, ciliate. Corolla double the length of the calyx-tube, tubular 
 or funnel-shaped, limb 5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, acute, valvate, with a tuft of hairs on 
 the centre of the inner surface. Filaments attached to the petals for nearly their whole 
 length ; anthers on a level with the hairs on the petals, connective prohmged above. 
 Ovary nearly twice the length of the calyx. — The plant varies considerably in the size 
 of the leaves and flowers. I have followed Wallich's description of the epicalyx, the 
 three bracts of which differ from the calyx of Anaeolosa and Cathedra (with which they 
 are compared by Bentham) in their unequal size and their imbrication. 
 
582 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sclicepfia. 
 
 2. S. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 486 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute, 
 
 flowers \ in. 
 
 SiLHET and the Khasia Mts., WaUich, &c. ; Mishmi Hills, Griffith. 
 
 A tree. Young branches angular. Leaves 6 by l|-2 in., glabrous, very acute at the 
 apex, less so at the base; petiole \ in. Pediceh \ in. Fqncalyx cup-shaped, scarcely 
 lobed. Corolla 4 in., yellow, fragrant, tubular-cainpanulate, limb 5-lobed ; lobes valvate, 
 ovate-acute, bairy within. Stamens and ovary as in S. fragrans. — This differs from 
 S. fragrans in its broader leaves, shorter pedicels, and much larger flowers. 
 
 In the herbarium are specimens from Griffith collected in Bhotan (n. 1819), which 
 are very imperfect, but which apparently belong to a third species of Schospjia, charac- 
 terized by short ovate or oblong-acute leaves, with closer venation than in S. fragrans 
 or jS. acuminata. 
 
 9. CANSJBRA, Jiiss. 
 
 Climbing shrubs, sometimes spiny. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, 
 1-nerved. Flowers bracteate, m dense axillary spikes, monochlamy- 
 deous, hermaphrodite. Per in nth regular, 4-5-parted, lobes valvate. Fertile 
 .stamens as many as the lobes of tiie perianth, and opposite to them, fila- 
 ments glabrous, free, or adnate at tiie base to a thickened disk ; anthers 
 small, oblong, adnate, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Staminodes (glands 
 of disk) 4-5, liypogynous, alternate with the stamens, ovoid or subtriangular, 
 fleshy. Oi'rtrj/superior, ovoid-conical, 1-celled; style cylindric, stigma capitate 
 4-lobed, lobes alternating with the fertile stamens : ovule solitary, pendu- 
 lous. Fruit drupaceous, surrounded at the base by the marcescent i)eiianth ; 
 stone bony. Seed solitdry, erect, roundish ; embryo in the ui)per part of the 
 fleshy albumen, radicle superior, cotyledons sometimes 3 very long plano- 
 convex. — DiSTRiB. Species 3-4, natives of Tropical Asia and Australia. 
 
 In the description of the ovary and seed I have followed GrifKth, as my observations 
 coincide with his. Bentham iinds a true calyx, which others have not been able to see, 
 nor have 1 been able to detect one. Miers says the ovary is 4-cclled at the base, but 1 
 have only seen it 1-celled, as Ben ham df'scrit)es it. Many authors, incliuling Meissner 
 and Miers, place this genus in Thgmelficeer, an arrangement I myself prefer, but in 
 default of more certainty as to the real structure of the flower, the genus is here retained 
 in Olucineoi. 
 
 1. C. Rheedil, G'mel. Syst. i. 280 ; leaves glabrous ovate or oblong- 
 lanceolate, si)ikcs axillary solitary or twin. Wall. Cat. 1043, B ; Wight Ic. 
 t. 18G1 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat, Anal. Gen. t. xxvi. ; Thwaites Knmn. 251; 
 Jiramli^. For. Flm\ 75. C. scandens, Roxh. Cor. PL 103 ; Fl. Lid. i. 441. 
 C malabarica, Lamk. Did. iii. 433. C. zizyphifolia, Grif. Notul. iv. 300, 
 t. 537, f. 1. C. martabanica, Wall. Cat. l-KMl Salvadora persica, Wall. Cat. 
 1042, not of Linn. Olax ] sumatrana, Mi</. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 342. 
 Opilia amentacea, Wall. Cat. 2331. Strutiiiola scandens, Wall. Cat. 2331.— 
 Jiheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 2, 4. 
 
 Upper Gangetic plain, in forests of Oude ; Western Peninsula, from the Concan 
 and Dekkan southwards. Eastkrn Peninsula, in Martaban and Malacca. — Distrib. 
 Indian Archipelago, Hong Kong, N. Australia. 
 
 A climbing evergreen shrub. Branches divaricate sometimes spiny, younger ones, 
 as well as the inflorescence petioles and tube of flower, pubescent. Leaves U-3 by 
 g-14 in., coriaceous, yellowish and rugose when dry, base rounded, sometimes oblique ; 
 nerves depressed, arching, evan'^scent towards the apex ; petiole -^^-^ in. Spikes about 
 1 in., dense, many-flowered. Bracts minute. FLoicers yellow. Perianth ^^-g in., 
 urct'olate, limb 4-5-parted. Fruit \-\ in., ellipsoid or ovoid, orange-red, surmounted 
 by the remains of the style. 
 
Cansjera.] xxxix. OLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 583 
 
 2. C. parvifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 298 ; leaves 
 pubescent and pilose rounded or ovate acute. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer. 
 
 A shrubby climber ? Shoots, leaves and inflorescence pubescent and with stiff forked 
 hairs. Leaves f by | in., coriaceous, base rounded; petiole very short, ^racfs ovate, 
 acute. Pen'ara^A y\ in., funnel-bhaped or urceolate, limb 4-parted ; lobes ovate, ulu- 
 niately spreading. Stamens 4, free, springing from a perigynous disk, opposite the 
 lobes of the perianth ; anthers small, introrse. Glands of disk (staminodes) ovoid, acute, 
 fleshy. Ovary oblong. 
 
 10. XiEFZONUaVS, Blume. 
 
 Arborescent. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, simple, l-nerved. Inflo- 
 rescence axillary, of numerous densely packed trichotomous umbellate 
 cymes, each subtended by an ovate bract. Flowers monochlamydeous, 
 regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate, limb 4-parted ; lobes valvate, 
 glabrous within. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the perianth 
 and opposite to them ; anthers glabrous. Staminodes 0. Disk fleshy, 
 yellow, lining the base of the perianth-tube. Ovary free, oblong, conical ; 
 stigma sessile 4-lobed ; ovule solitary. Fruit drupaceous, glabrous, stone 
 crustaceous. Seed pendulous ; embryo small, in the axis of fleshy albumen, 
 radicle terete, cotyledons ternate. — Distsib. Species 2, natives of Tropical 
 Asia. 
 
 1. Zi. oblong-ifolius, Mast.; leaves oblong or obovate-lanceolate 
 acuminate. Leptonium oblongifolium. Griff, in Gale. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. ^ 
 236. Opilia acuminata, TFo^^^. Cal 7200 F. -_ /•' • / 1 i^J />^ 
 
 Eastern Bengal, Assam, and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 20(KTfl"."ABOK hills, 
 Griffith; Tenassekim at Mergui, Griffith. Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, 
 Sumatra. 
 
 Branches greenish, subangular, glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by lf-2| in., membranous, 
 glabrous, base acute; petiole \-\ in. Pedicels twice the length of the petiole. Bracts 
 thin, membranous, roundish, imbricating when young. Flowers minute. Fruit J by 
 4 in. — The flowers are minute and the specimens very imperfect, hence the flowers are 
 differently described by different authors. In the absence of more complete material, 
 it is not possible to decide which view is the more correct. In the generic description 
 I have followed Griffith, as the results of my own examinations, so far as they have 
 gone, are in accordance with his. Wallich's 7464 A may possibly also belong to 
 this genus, but the material is too scanty for accurate determination. Its flowers are in 
 axillary spikes, and have a monochlamydeous, 5-parted, campanulate perianth, isorae- 
 rous stamens opposite the lobes, 2 -celled anthers dehiscing longitudinally and a free 
 roundish ovary. 
 
 11. OFXX.XA, Roxb. 
 
 Scandent shrubs or low trees. Leaves alternate, distichous, simple, entire, 
 l-nerved, shortly petioled. Flowen^s numerous, in axillary, racemose 
 cymes, each cyme umbellate. Bracts deciduous. Galyx minute, annular, 
 obscurely 5-toothed, not accrescent. Petals 5. Fertile stamens 5, free, oppo- 
 site the petals ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Glands of the disk 
 (staminodes) alternating with the petals, thick, fleshy. Ovary free, sessile, 
 i -celled ; style short, stigma minute ; ovule solitary, pendulous. Fruit 
 drupaceous. Seed albuminous ; radicle superior. — Disteib. Species 1 or 2 
 natives of the tropics of the Old World. 
 
 1. O. amentacea, Poxb.Cor. PI. ii. t. 158; Fl. hid. ii. 87 ; leaves ovate 
 or ovate-lanceolate. Wight III. t. 40 ; Tliwaites Enum. 41 ; Miq. Fl. hid. 
 
584 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Opilia. 
 
 f 
 Bat. l pt. i. 784 ; Bedd. Fl. St/lv, Anal. Gen. t. ix. f. .3. 0. j^_yanica, Miq. Fl, 
 lad. Bat i. pt. i. 174. Ximenia 1 olacoides, IF. cb A. Prodi:, i. 80. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Northern Circars, Roxburgh; Pulney Mis'., Wight; Pegu, 
 Kvrz; Ceylon, in hot dry parts of the island, Thwaites. — Disxi^B. Islands of the 
 Archipelago, tropical Australia and Africa. -^ 
 
 A low scrambling shrub, or small weak tree; herbaceous portions puberulous. 
 Leaves 2-4 by 1^-2 in., coriaceous, glabrous, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, entire, 1 -nerved, 
 arch-nerved, base tanenng; petiole ^-i^ in. Bacemes 1-1 4 in., erect, before flowering 
 lesembling cones. Plowcrs crowded. Bracts imbricate, at first concealing the flowers, 
 peltate, roundish, deciduous. Pedicels ^j in., puberulous. Fiowtrs ^ '^^' Calyx 
 minute. Petals 5, deciduous, each ^^ in., oblong, obtuse, alternating v.^th the lobes of 
 the calyx. Glands (staminodes?) oblong, obtuse, half the iengtn of th<; stamens. 
 J)rvjpe ovoid or globose. Emhriio linear nearly as long as tlie albumen. — Beddome 
 describes the ovule as erect, but this is probably an oversight. 
 
 12. XiASZANTHBRA, Pal. de Beauv. 
 
 Shrubs or trees, sometimes scandent. Leaves petioled, alternate, simple, 
 1-nerved, coriaceous. CV/w2e,s axillary, stalked. Flowers diclilamydeous, herma- 
 phrodite or unisexual. 6'a/^.r minute, cup-shaped, 4-o-lobed. Petals A-^^, free 
 or rarely cohering, without an inflexed point and with no pron)inent midrib. 
 tStamens 5, hypooynous, free, alternate with the petals, filaments flat, dilated 
 above, hairy behind, liairs curving over the anther in the bud ; antliers 
 adnate, :i-lobed, dehiscing lengthwise. Hgjmjunous disk cup-shaped, more 
 t»r less lobed. Ovary ovoid, 1 -celled, tapering intoa subulate style, terminated 
 by a minute stigma ; ovules 2, pendulous. Fruit drupaceous ; stone fibrous 
 outside, woody within. .SVW pendulous ; embryo in albumen, cotyledons 
 leafy broad, radicle superior (Thwaites). — Distrib. Species 4-5, 1 African, 
 the others jMalayan. 
 
 1. Zi. aplcalls, Thwaites Etiktyi. 4.3 and 403 ; leaves obovate-oblong 
 shortly and abruptly acuminate, petals free or nearly so, fruit ellipsoid. 
 Bedd. PI. Si/lv, t. 139. Urandra apicalis, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Joum. 
 yii. 211. »Stenionurns apicalis, J/ ier,s in I'rans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 110 ; Contrib. 
 i. 30r>. t 8. sccu] C'iilcn^s, Blim^ B.'jdr. 649. Lasianthera secundiflora, 
 J/vV/. PI. Jnd. Pat. Su]>2}L I t. ii. 
 
 Ceylon; in damp forests, alt. 1-3000 ft., T//?frt27r«.— Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 A large tree. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, gla- 
 brous, midrib depressed above, prominent beneath, base tapering into a short petiole, 
 \-'^ in. PeduncUs about as long as the petiole, axillary, subsolitary, cymes congested 
 7-12 fl. Flowers greenish-purple. Calyx cup-shaped, .'j-lobed, lobes roundish. Petals 
 ?> or 4 tinffes longer than the calyx, ovate or roundish. Stamens as long as or longer than 
 }li(> petals. Ovarii ovoid, surrounded by an hypogynous cupular lobnlate disk, lajiering 
 al ove into a subulate style, stigma minute. Pr'upe 1^ by § in., stone woody lacunose, 
 mcsocarp fibrous. Testa consolidated with the pericarp. Einhryo half the size of the 
 all umen ; cotyledons leafy, cordate-ovate, acu^e, as long as the superior radicle. 
 (Thwaites.) \^ 
 
 2. Xi. malaccensls, Mast. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate abruptly acumi- 
 nate, calyx puberulous, petals coherent. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A scandent shrub (Maingay). Leaves A\-b\ by 2 in., coriaceous, glabrous, midrib 
 pnirainent, secondary nerves obscure ; petiole scarcely 4 in. Cymes axillary, stalked ; 
 P'-duncle compressed, as long as the petiole ; pedicels shorter than the fl(^wers, ascending. 
 Flowers \ in. Calyx shallow, lobes deltoid acute. Petals 4-5 times longer than the 
 calyx, slightly coherent, externally glabrous, hnear, spotted within. Filaments fiat, 
 
Zasianthem.] xxxix. oLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 585 
 
 dilated above, slightly hairy in front beneath the anther, densely so behind. Hiipogy- 
 nous disk cup-shaped, more or less 5-lobed, lobes opposite the petals. Ovary half the 
 length of the stamens, ovoid, rugulose ; style conic, stigma minute. Ji^ruit unknown. 
 
 3. Xi. Maing'ayi, Mast. ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute or sub- 
 acuminate, base acute, fruit small ovoid obtuse. . 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A shrub about 4 ft. (Mainstay). J5rawcAe.s virgate. Leaves 2-3 by f-1 in., coriaceous, 
 glabrous ; petiole \ in. Peduncle axillary, about the length of the petiole, dichotomou'^, 
 ultimate pedicels drooping, shorter than the flovs'-ers. Flowers pendulous, J in. Male fl. : 
 Calyx minute, cup-shaped, 4-5 toothed, teeth shallow acute. Petals 4-5, much exceed- 
 ing the calyx, free, coriaceous, oblong-acuminate, (acumen inflexed,) glabrous on both 
 surfaces or slightly pilose within, midrib prominent on the inner surface. Stamens 4-5, 
 filaments flat, wdtli a tuft of hairs at the back curving over the anther. Pistil rudimen- 
 tary. Female fl. : Fruit |—4 in., 1 -celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 4. Xi. ? lanceolata, Mast ; leaves lanceolate pointed at both ends, 
 cymes terminal, petals free villous internally. 
 
 Malacca, Mt. Opliir, Griffith. 
 
 Leaves 4-5 by %-\ in., glabrous; petiole \ in. {7?/7ne.s terminal, half the length 
 of the leaf; peduncle trichotomous ; pedicels divaricate, densely tomentose, shorter 
 than the flower. Floiver-huds clavate. F'loioers hermaphrodite. Calyx cup-shaped, 
 5-toothed. Petals 4-5, ultimately free, lanceolate, inflexed at the apex and marked 
 w^ith a prominent nerve. Stamens 4-5, filaments flat, shorter than the petals, pilose 
 in front beneath the anther, densely so behind, hairs curling over the anther. 
 Ovary ovoid, conical ; style short, stigma minute. — This may be a form of some 
 Gom^ihandra. 
 
 13. GOBIPKANDRA, Wall. 
 
 Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, 1 -nerved. Cymes axillary, ter- 
 minal or opposite the leaves. Flowers diclilamydeous, hermaphrodite, or 
 polygamo-dioecious. Calyx minute, cup-shaped, 4-5-lobed. Corolla cam- 
 panulate, 4-5-lobed ; lobes acuminate, inflexed, nirely entirely free, midrib 
 prominent within. Stamens 5, bypogynous, alternate with the petals, fila- 
 ments thick, dilated above, hairy at the back, hollowed in front to receive 
 the anthers ; anthers pendulous from the filiform apex of the filament, 
 2-lobed, dehiscing lengthwise ; pollen-grains triangular. Hypogynous disk 
 thick, annular or 0. Ovary effete in the male, oblong in the female flower, 
 1-celled ; style conic, stigma minute or style crowned by a stigmatiferous 
 disk ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous, funicle dilated into an " obturator." 
 Fndt drupaceous, surmounted by the remains of the disk (stigma?), stone 
 crustaceous. Seed pendulous, surrounded by the raphe, albumen fleshy 
 bipartite ; embryo minute. — Disteib. Species 5-6, natives of tropical Asia. 
 
 Owing to the frequently unisexual flowers and the imperfection of the materials, great 
 confusion exists in books as to the characters and limitations of the genera Gomphan- 
 dra and Stemonurus. This arises chiefly from the difficulty of determining and core- 
 lating the variations in the structure of the ovary. In some cases, in the male flowers, 
 there is a rudimentary pistil with a subulate style ; in other cases this is developed into 
 a fertile ovuliferous ovary, the style retaining its conical shape. In a third series (the 
 true female flowers) the ovary is oblong and is apparently surmounted by a fleshy dis- 
 coid stigma. Miers, however, considers this stigma-like body to be in reality an ac- 
 crescent epigynous disk concealing the true style and stigma. The exact relation of 
 these forms one to the other, and their true nature cannot be surely determined from 
 dried specimens. From Lcmaathera, the most striking difl'erence is the form of the 
 hypogynous disk. 
 
586 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) \Gompha7idra. 
 
 1. G. axillaris, Wall. Cat. 3718 ; leaves lanceolate, cymes axillary about 
 the length of the petiole, flowers unisexual or polygamous. Bedd. Fl. 
 ^Sylv. Ixi. Lasianthera 1 tetrandra. Wall, in lioxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 327. 
 Platea axillaris, Thwaitea Enmn. 44 ; Dalz. db Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 28. Stemo- 
 nurus axillaris, longifoliiis, Heyneanus, and ceylanicus, Miers Contrib. i. 
 90-93. S. polymorphus, xMiers I.e. i. 87, partly. Olax Heyneana, Wall. 
 Cat. 6780. 0. longifoJia, Wall Cat. 6782, A partly, 6782 B. Gomphandra 
 polymorpha, Wight Ic. 954, ? p^?-^/^.— Dioecia pentandra. Wall. Cat. 
 67«0 B. 
 
 SiLHET, WaUich ; Western Peninsula from the Concan southwards ; Ceylon, 
 from the sea level to 4000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A small tree or large shrub, glabrous, or the terete branches slightly puberulous. 
 Leaves 1\-b\ by 1-2^ in., submembranons, conspicuously nerved, base acute; petiole 
 \-\ in. Cymes puberulous. Calyx minute, 4-5-toothed, slightly ciliated. Corolla 
 4-5 times longer than the calyx, tubuLar-campanuhite, limb 4-5-lobed ; lobes ovate, 
 acuminate, point inHexed, ultimately sheading. Filaments tlat, pilose at the apex. 
 Ovary small, oblong, smooth ; style conic, stigma minute ; disk accrescent. Fruit 
 \ in., oblong, obtuse, smooth, crowned by the remains of the stigma. Seed large, 
 integument striated ; cotyledons very large, semicylindric, amygdaloid, obtuse, radicle 
 superior (Wallich). — Wallich describes the stigma as ticshy, broadish, subcapitate, 
 but my own examination of Wallich's specimens agrees with that of Miers' de- 
 scription and figure. What Wallich took for the stigma may thus be the epigynous 
 disk of which Miers elsewhere maki-s mention. The Silliet habitat is derived from 
 AV^allich's specimen of his number 0782. There is no other authority tor this plant 
 occurring in Eastern India. 
 
 2. G. poljonorpha, Wight III. 103 ; Ic. 953 (not 954) ; leaves coriaceous 
 roundish to lanceolate, base tajjcring, cymes terminal or opposite the leaves, 
 very rarely axillary, two or three times longer than the petiole, flowers 
 polygamou.s. Wall. Cat. 9024. G. coriacea, Wight III. i. 103; Bedd. Ft. 
 ISylv. Anal. Gen. t. ix. Stemouurus })olynu)rphus, coriaceus, Walkeri and 
 Gardneri, Miers Contrib. i. 87. Platea \Vightiana, Miers, I.e. i. 98. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Nilghiri Mts., Wight; Ceyl<)N, 
 
 A small tree or lar^e shrub, glabrous, or the young parts and leaves slightly pube- 
 rulous. Lcavex 2-6 oy 4~'-^ "^-j more or less coriacenu-^, opaque, incmispicuously 
 veined; petiole ^-4 in. C////?c.'* puberulous. /'7o?«er-6?t//« oblong-ilavate. Flowers ^ in., 
 4-5-merous, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx minute. Corolla campinulate, lobes 
 acuminate, points inflcxed. Stamens glabrous or slightly puberulous, free, or ulti- 
 mately agglutinated into a tube, at length exserted. Ovary on an hypogynous disk ; 
 style short, conic, stigma minute. Fruit ^-^ in., oblong or obovoid, reddish-brown. — 
 The plant figured by Wii,dit Icon. 953, as the male of this species has, as shown, her- 
 niaphrodite tlowi-rs, and the stamens are destitute of hairs. Miers in consequence, rei'ers 
 it to his Platea U'iyJitiana, but it difl'ers from Platea in the coherent petals and 
 acute, not discoid, sti-ma. It is apparently the same form as Wight's G. coriacea. — 
 \ery variable. VNight 111. p. 103, distinguishes the following varieties : — 
 
 Var. 1. acuminata, leaves oval attenuate at both ends terminating in a longish 
 linear acumen. 
 
 Var. 2. ohlongifolia, leaves linear-oblong obtuse at both ends abruptly acuminate. 
 
 Var. 3. angastifolia, leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in. naiTow linear-lanceolate acuminate, 
 base acute. 
 
 Var. 4. longifoHa, leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in. linear acuminate, base rounded. 
 
 Var. 5. ovalifolia, leaves 2-3 by IJ in. oval, obtuse at both ends or shortly acuminate. 
 
 3. G. a£Blnis, Mast.; leaves glabrous oblong-lanceolate, base acute, 
 cymes axillary 2-3 times longer than the petiole, flowers hermaphrodite. 
 
Gmnphandra.] xxxix. OLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 587 
 
 Stemonurus prasinus, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 249. S. affinis, Mkrs Contrib. i. 
 94. Lasiantliera prasina, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 791. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith^ Maingay. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A tree or shrub. Branches angular, tortuous. Leaves 3^-14 in-, petiole ^~\ in. 
 Pedicels pubescent. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla a in., tubular- campanulate, 4-5-lobejcl, 
 lobes ovate acute. Filaments hairy at the back near the top. Ovary cylindric ; stigma 
 large, discoid. Fruit oblong-obovate, narrowed at the base, surmounted by the remains 
 of the stigma. Seed solitary, integument brown, traversed by the raphe, albumen 
 copious ; embryo minute, radicle superior, cotyledons plano-convex (Griflf. Mss. in herb.) 
 
 4. G-. penang'iana, Wall. Cat. 7204; leaves oblong- acuminate, cymes 
 extra-axillary erect much branched exceeding the petiole. Stemonurus 
 penangianus, Alkies Contrib. i. 90. 
 
 Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Lohb. 
 
 A tree. Shoots terete, yellowish, glabrous. Leaves 5^ by 2 in., coriaceous, glabrous, 
 margins revolute, base tapering ; petiole ^ in. Peduncles 1 in. and upwards, setuh)se, 
 3-6-chotoniou8, ultimate pedicels shorter than the flower. Flower ^ in. Calyx 
 pateriform, 4-5-toothed. Corolla many times longer than the calyx, funnel-shaped ; 
 limb 4-5-fid, lobes acuminate inflexed at the point, midrib prominent on the inner 
 surface. Stamens 4-5, free, hypogynous, filaments flat, hairy at the back. Pistil 
 rudimentary. Female fl. : Ovary very short, 5-angled, depressed at the top ; style 
 conical, tubular, 5-toothed at the apex (Miers). Immature fruit ^ in., ovoid. — Miers 
 describes the flowers of Wallich's plant as hermaphrodite. In Griffith's specimens, 
 which are otherwise indistinguishable, they are unisexual. Arnott in Ann. des Sc. Nat. 
 (Bot.) 1834, ii. 236, says, this plant does not belong to Gomphandra, but he gives no 
 reason for this conclusion. 
 
 5. G-. toxnentella, Mast. ; leaves pubescent beneath oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminate, base acute, cymes axillary equalling the petiole, flowers herma- 
 phrodite. Stemonurus'^ tomentellus, KurzinJourn. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, 
 ii. 298. 
 
 BiRMA, Griffith. 
 
 Arborescent. Shoots, petioles, under surface of leaves and inflorescence yellow- 
 tomentose. Leaves 6-7 by 1-lf in. ; petiole 4 in. Flowers | in. Calyx cup-shaped, 
 4-5-toothed. Corolla 4-5-parted, pubescent externally, lobes acute, inflexed. Stamens 
 exserted, filaments pilose at the apex behind and slightly so in front beneath the 
 anther. Ovary oblong, pilosulous, surmounted by a large discoid stigma. 
 
 6. G-. ? crassipes, Mast. ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acu- 
 minate, pedicels pilose. Stemonurus? crassipes, Ktaz in Journ. As, Soc. 
 Beng. 1872, ii. 298. 
 
 Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 A shrub or small tree. Leaves 5-7 by 2 in., subcoriaceous, glabrous ; petiole \-\ in. 
 Cz/mes axillary, as long as the petiole, pedicels rVi^- Calyx coriaceous, cup-shaped, 
 5-touthed. Immature /riii^ ^-^ in., turbinate, glabrescent, purplish, surrounded at the 
 base by tlie persistent calyx. — Imperfect specimens only known. 
 
 14. AFODVTES, E. Meyer. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, coriaceous, usually 
 black in drying. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary corymbose cymes. 
 Cali/x vamute, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals 5, free, valvate. Stamens 5, 
 alternate with the petals, 'filaments dilated; anthers long or short, oblong, 
 basifixed, sagittate, 2-lobed, dehiscing longitudinally: pollen triangular. 
 Ovary i-celled, obliquely gibbous ; style excentric, curved, stigma small ; 
 ovules 2, pendulous, superposed. Drupe obliquely ovoid, compressed, stone 
 
588 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Apodytes. 
 
 crustaceous. Seed pendulous ; embryo small, in the apex of fl?isliy albumen, 
 cotyledons narrow.— Distkjlb. Species 9, natives of tropical Asia and 
 Africa. 
 
 * Anthers elongate, linear-oblong. 
 
 1. A. Benthaxniana, Wight Tc. 1153 ; leaves glabrous oblong obtuse 
 at both ends margins revolute, anthers and ovary puberulous. Bedd, Ft. 
 Sylv. 140 var. a. 
 
 Western PENixbULA in the Nilghiri Mts. and Southern provinces, Wight, 
 Beddotne. 
 
 Branches terete, ghxhrous, shoots puhernlous. Z-eatJrg 3-4 by 1-1 ^ in., coriaceons, 
 black in dryitjg ; petiole ^-1 in. PanirhiS terminal, rigid, shorter than the leaves, 
 jiedicels pul)erulous. Flowers ^ in. Bttcds infloxed at the point. Ovar)/ hairy. 
 Drupe f by ^ in., ovoid, renifonu, crowned with the persistent base of the style, and 
 furnished with a lateral seutcliifurm appendage, 1 -seeded. iSeed pendulous, obovate- 
 cuneate, compressed. 
 
 2. A. Crardneriana, M ins in Ann. (b Mag. Nat. I/ist.ser. 2, vol. ix. 
 389 ; Contrih. i. 58 ; leaves oblong acute at both ends abruptly acuminate, 
 margins revolute, anthers glabrous, ovary slightly puberulous. Thivaites 
 Enum. 42. 
 
 Ceylon ; Central province, alt. 5-7000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites. 
 
 Bark wrinkled. Leaces 2-4 by | in., black in drying ; petiole ^ in. Cyme^ 
 peduiicled, terminal, pedicels divaricate or fvacending, ultimate pedicels shorter than the 
 Sowers. Buds elongate, oblong. Flowers 4 in. 
 
 3. A. Beddomel, Mast. ; leaves membranous broadly ovate acute acu- 
 minate, margin.s flat, anthers and ovary glabrous. A. Benthamiana, var. jS, 
 Bedd. Fl. ;Sylv. 140. 
 
 Western Penin.sula in the Nilghiri Mts., and Travancore, Wight, &c. 
 
 Quite glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1^-2 in., black in drying, base numded or acute ; 
 petiole |-4 in. Pedicels pilosulous, ultimate pedicels shorter than thejlowers. Buds 
 oblong, obtuse. Flowers I in. Fruit § in., wrinkled. 
 
 ** Aidliers short, oblong. 
 
 4. A. andaznanlcaf Kurz A?) dam. Rep. 5 ; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, 
 ii. 298 ; leaves oblong acuminate not black in drying, cymes axillary short. 
 
 Andaman Islands, .fiTwrz. 
 
 A small tree. Branches virgate, terete. Leaf-huds pubcndous. Leaves l-^hy 2^ 
 in., glabrous, base obtuse or acute, midrib depressed above prominent beneath; petiole 
 ^ in. Cymes peduncled, peduncles not much exceeding the petiole, striu:ose. Floioer 
 I in. Calyx puberulous, cup-shaped, scnrcely lobed. Petals externally puberulous, 
 oblong-acute, midrib prominent within. Filaments 1^»X, ligulate; anthers short, oblong. 
 Drupe 1^ in.; stone fibrous woody. 
 
 15. BXAFPZA, Jacq. 
 
 Trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, 1-nerved. Flowers small, in 
 terminal corymbose cymes. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, usually hairy within. 
 ^Stamens 5, hypogynous, alternate with the petals ; anthers 2-lobed, dorsi- 
 lixed, dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen grains subquadrate. Disk hypo- 
 gynous, cup-shaped. Ovary superior, 1 -celled ; style short ; ovules 2, 
 pendulous. Fruit drupaceous. Seed pendulous ; embryo in fleshy albumen, 
 cotyledons leafy, radicle superior. — Distrib. Species 8 or 10, uatives of the 
 Western Peninsula, Ceylon and tropical South America. 
 
Mappia.] xxxix. olacine^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 689 
 
 1. XMI. toxnentosa, Miers Contrib. i. 67 ; leaves subcoriaceons ovate- 
 oblong acute or acuminate densely pubescent beneath black when dry. 
 Stemonurus 1 foetidus, Wight Ic. 955. 
 
 Western Peninsula, in the Nilgliiri Mts., Wight, Hohenacker. 
 
 A large tree. Bark of branches yellow, wrinkled. Leaves 4-7 by 2-3 in., base 
 obtuse, nerves prominent ; petiole 4-f in., thinly tomentose. Cymes terminal, corym- 
 bose, many-flowered ; pedunnles very thick, half as long as the leaves, ultimate pedicels 
 shorter than the flower. Flower-buds oblong, obtuse. Flowers ^ in., polygamous, 
 villous externally, yellowish and very fetid. Petals oblong. /Stamens glabrous. Ovary 
 ovoid ; style cyHndric. Drupe ^-J in., olive-shaped, purple, stone thin and soft. 
 
 2. IMC. foetida, Miers Contrib. i. 64 (not Stemonurus foetidus, Wight) ; 
 leaves glabrescent ovate acuminate not black in drying, base rounded. 
 Mappia fetida, £edd. Fl. Sylv. t. 141 (not the text). 
 
 Westekn Peninsula ; Nilghiri Mts. and Mysore, Wight, &c. 
 
 A larci:e tree. Bark wrinkled. Leaves 2^-7 by 2-3| in., coriaceous, thinly pubes- 
 cent, ultimately glabrous ; petiole f-1 in. Peduncles half the length of the leaves, 
 flattened, ultimate pedicels aViout ^^ in., strigose. Floioer-buds roundish-oblong. 
 Calyx minute, lobed, lobes rounded. Corolla hairy within. Anthers roundish. Ovary 
 half the length of the stamens. Drupe oblong, obtuse, f by f in. 
 
 3. BX. ovata, Miers Contrib. i. 65 ; leaves glabrous but with a few tufts 
 of hairs in the axils of the nerves ovate-oblon^c abruptly and shortly acumi- 
 nate, base inequilateral acute. M. foetida a, Thwaites Enum. 43. M. Gard- 
 neriana and Wightiana, Miers Contrib. i. 66, 67. 
 
 Western Peninsula; hills of the Southern Carnatic and Travancor, Wight, &c. 
 Ceylon, ascending to 7000 ft. 
 
 Branchlets angular. Leaves 64 by 2\ in., shining above, glaucous beneath with 
 resinous spots; petiole 2-2^ in. Panicle terminal, pedicels strigose. P'lower-huds 
 clavate. Flowers ^ in. Calyx cup shaped, 5-toothed, strigose. Petals 5, oblong, acute, 
 connate at the base, hairy on the inner surface. Filaments nubulaie, glabrous, anthers 
 ovoid, acute. Ovary ovoid, hairy, tapering into a club-shaped style and surrounded at 
 the base by an hypogynous cup-shaped disk. Fruit f in. by ^ in., ovoid, acute, stone 
 thin, 1-seeded ; cotyledons large, flat, leafy, palminerved ; radicle thick, albumen fleshy. 
 — There is a little difference in the shape of the leaves in the Cingalese specimens, the 
 base being more rounded and the putiole not so long. 
 
 4. BI. oblong'a, Miers Contrib. i. 65 ; leaves oblong acute at both ends, 
 glabrous except along the nerves or sparingly setose. 1 Dalz. ch Gibs. Bomb. 
 FL ^IS. M. Championiana, Miers he. 66. M. foetida /3, T/iaites Enum. 43. 
 
 Western Peninsula; in the Concan, Dalzell; Travancor, Wight; Ceylon, 
 ascending to 7000 ft., Champion. 
 
 A tree. Leaves A-1 by 2|-3 in. ; petiole 1-1 5 in. ; cymes terminal, lax, pubes- 
 cent ; ultimate pedicels as long as the flowers. Flowers \ in., pilose. Fruit § in , 
 ovoid-oblong, purple. — The plant intended by Dalzell and Gibson may be M. tomentosa 
 of Miers. 
 
 Var. elliptica, Miers, I.e., branches angular, leaves smaller ovate acute. " Cordia,''^ 
 Wall. Cat. 9064.— Travancor. 
 
 16. PHZiEBOCAIiVMNA, Griff. 
 
 Trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, coriaceous. Flowers poly- 
 gamous ; males in globose heads, borne on short spikes ; females sliortly 
 jiedicelled. Sepals 5, distinct, imbricate. Corolla tubular, limb 5-parted. 
 Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, adherent to the tube of the corolla ; 
 anthers ovoid-oblong, dorsifixed, 2-lobcd, dehiscing longitudinally. DUk 
 
590 XXXIX. OLACiNE-s;. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Phlebocalymna. 
 
 fleshy, hypogyiioiis, 5-lobed, lobes opposite the petals. Ovary conic, 
 1 -celled; style subulate ; ovules 2. pendulous. FtiiU oblong with a crus- 
 taceous rind. Seed pendulous ; albumen coriaceous, lobulate, ruminate; 
 erabi:yo minute. — Distrib. Species 2 or 3, natives of the Malay peninsula 
 and islands. 
 
 1. F. Griffithiana, Mast, leaves obovate-oblong shortly and abruptly 
 acuminate, stamens adherent to the base of the corolla. Platea Griffithiana, 
 Miers Crmtrib. i. 97, 
 
 Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 A glabrous shrub. Branches terete, slender, slightly compressed, rutrose, yellowish. 
 Leaves 6-8 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous, pale, coneolorous, midrib prominent beneath, 
 margins revolute ; petiole ^-4 in., sulcate. Cymes axillary, erect, spicate, scarcely 
 longer than the petiole, few-flowered ; pedicels puberulous. Cali/x-lobes imbricate, 
 ovate, ciliolate. Corolla much longer than tbe calyx, funnel-shaped, limb 5-lobed, lobes 
 nhimately inflexed at the point. Filaiuenta linear, glabrous. Ovary very short, sur- 
 rounded by a pentagonal disk, 1-celled ; style conic, pilosulous, stigma obscurely 3 lobed. 
 Frvit 14 by | in., oblong, obtuse ; stone thick, bony, 1 celled by abortion. Seed solitary, 
 pendulous fn^m the apex of the cell, integument densely permeated by spiral vessels, 
 albumen fleshy lobulate. — Kurz refers Miquel's Gonocaryumt gracile to this species, 
 but Miquel's plant is described as having a longer inflorescence, two styles and a diffe- 
 rent fruit. 
 
 2. P. Ziobbiana, Mast. ; leaves oblong acuminate, stamens adherent to 
 the corolla for the greater part of their length. Platea Lobbiana, Miers 
 Contrib. i. 97 ; Wall. Cat. 9052. 
 
 Rangoon, Martaban, and Tenasserim; Wallich, d'c. 
 
 A shrub or tree ? Branches angular. Leaves 4^-5J by 1^-2^ in., coriaceous, glabrous, 
 margins revolute, nerves prominent beneath ; petiole | in., sulcate, rugose. Cymes 
 axillary, peduncled ; peduncle erect, shorter than the petiole. Flowers subfascicled, 
 \ in. Calyx ^^ in., cup-shaped, lobes imbricate. Corolla \ in., funnel-shaped, limb 
 6-lol)ed ; lobes oblong, recurved. Filaments glabrous; anthers ovoid, compressed, con- 
 nective wide at the base. Disk hypogynous, 5-lobed. Ovary hirsute, ovoid, tapering 
 into a short style. Fruit If in., oblong, obtuse, olive-coloured, obscurely 2-celled. 
 
 A plant collected by Wallich in Tavoy (Cat. 9051), has the habit, inflorescence, and 
 floral characters (ovary not seen) o^ Plilehocalymna, but the fruit is dift'erent, and more 
 like that described by Miqucl under his Gonocaryvmf gracile (Fl. Ind.-liat. Suppl. i. 
 343). Indeed, 1 should refer both Wallich's 9051, and Heifer's 817, Kew. dist. from Te- 
 nasserim ? which evidently belong to the same species, to Miquel's gentis, but for the dif- 
 ferent habitat (Micjuel's plant is Sumatran), and that I have not seen eith-r the ovaries 
 of Wallich's or Heifer's plant in any specimen of Miquel's. Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. 
 Peng, xxxix. pt. 2, p. 72, refers Gonocaryumf gracile to Phlebocalynma Grifjithii, 
 from which it differs in the longer inflorescence, and especially in the fruit. — The fol- 
 lowing description applies to Wallich's plant, to which 1 would give the provisional 
 name Gonocaryum ( Wallichii; A glabrous shrub. Branches teiete, bark yellow. 
 Leaves 6 by 3 in., glabrous, coriaceous, oblong, tapering to both ends, shortly acumi- 
 nate, entire ; nerves depressed on the upper, prominent on the lower surface ; petiole 
 scarcely 4 in., rugose, channelled. Bactmes axidary, solitary or geminate, half the 
 length of the leaves ; rachis angular; ptdicels ^ in., horizonta', ciliated, 1-2 flowered. 
 Flowers unisexual or polygamous ? Calyx pateriform, deeply divided into 5 imbricate, 
 ovate acute, ciliated lobes. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, cylindric, obtuse ; 
 petals erect, thick green, oblong with iiifltxed points, valvate and cohering by the mar- 
 gins but readily separable. /Stamens 5, altern;tte with the petals and agglutinated to 
 their edges, but easily separable, filaments glabrous, anthers 2-celled, introrse. Ovary 
 abortive ; style 1, filiform, covered with short erect white ap[)re8sed hairs. Fruit 2 by 
 1 in., obliquely oblong, tapering to both ends, 1-celled; rind fibrous, corky. Seed not 
 seen. 
 
Pteleocarpa.] xxxix. oLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 691 
 
 17. PTEI.EOCARFA, Oliv. 
 
 Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, 1-nerved, petiolate. hiflorescence ter- 
 minal, panicled, many-fiowered. Flowers regular, dichlamydeous, herma- 
 phrodite. Calyx tubular below, limb deeply 5-parted, lobes imbricate, 
 not accrescent. Corolla tubular below, limb deeply 5-parted, lobes im- 
 bricate, glabrous. Stamens 5, glabrous, springing from the tube of the corolla, 
 alternate with its lobes ; anthers linear, innate, dehiscing longitudinally. 
 Stamiriodes 0. Ovary free, stipitate, 2-celled ; styles 2, stigma minute ; ovules 
 solitary in each cell, pendulous, anatropal, raphe lateral or subventral. 
 Fruit 2-celled, compressed, orbicular, emarginate, deeply winged, wings 
 striate. Seed elongate, compressed, albuminous ; radicle superior, cylin- 
 diical, cotyledons linear-lanceolate longer than the radicle. — Disteib. 
 Species 2, one Malayan, the other from Borneo. 
 
 By reason of the imbricate calyx and stamens alternate with the petals, this genus 
 should be placed in Jcacinece, but the structure of the ovary is that of Olacinece. The 
 fruit is quite distinct. 
 
 1. P. malaccensis, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 515, t. 42. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Uistrib. Borneo. 
 
 Quite glabrous. Brancldets terete. Leaves 3-5 by l|-2 in., membranous, oblong 
 or oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate, base narrowed, midrib prominent beneath ; petiole 
 ^-| in. Panicles terminal, scarcely exceeding the leaves. Bracts minute, ovate, del- 
 toid. Fediceh ^-^ in., slender, ascending, sometimes clustered in umbellate cymes. 
 Flowers ^ in. diam., yellow or red, glabrous. Calt/x-lobes ovate, roundish, obtuse. 
 Corolla 4 times longer than the calyx, tube short ; lobes oblanceolate, oblong, obtuse. 
 Stamens as long as the corolla, filaments filiform, glabrous ; anthers basifixed" Ovary 
 
 flabrous, oblong, obtuse, compressed, obscurely furrowed, seated on a thick stipes. 
 ruit l$-li in. diam. Seed ^ in. ; embryo half the length of the fleshy albumen. 
 
 18. PKVTOCXIENE, Wall. 
 
 Climbing shrubs, 'usually more or less hairy, often prickly; wood with 
 very large porous vessels and thick medullary rays, but no annual rings. 
 Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or palmately lobed. Flowers dioecious ; 
 male in small globose clusters borne on long branching spikes ; female in 
 large solitary globose pedunculate clusters. Male 11. : Calyx of 3-5 free 
 segments, usually anisomerous with the petals. Corolla tubular-campanulate, 
 4- rarely 5-parted, lobe< valvate. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla 
 and alternate with them, filaments hypogynous ; anthers 2-lobed, dehiscing 
 longitudinally ; pollen -grains globose. Ptstil rudimentary, hispid. Female 
 fl. : Calyx and Corolla of the male. Stamens 0. Staminodes minute or 0. 
 Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style thick columnar, stigma capitate more or less 
 lobed; ovules 2 descending froni^the apex of the cavity, raphe dorsal; 
 micropyle superior. Drupes many, in globose heads, bristly orechinate; stone 
 hard, 1-celled, 1-seeded, pitted externally. Seed pendulous ; embryo as long 
 as the fleshy albumen, radicle superior short, cotyledons large flat 
 appressed.— DiSTRiB. Species 8, all natives of India and the Archipelago. 
 
 1. P. g-ig-antea, Wall. PI. 4s. Par. iii. 11, t. 215; branches prickly, 
 leaves cordate-ovate acute obscurely lobed pilose along the nerves beneath, 
 bracts or shorter than the pedicel. Wall, in Phil. Mag. iii. 223; Cat. 
 4946. P. callicarpa, Grif. Notul. iv. 327, t. 490. Gynocephalum giganteum 
 Trecal in Ann. Sc. NaX. ser. 3, viii. 149. 
 
592 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Phytocrene. 
 
 Martaban, WaUich. 
 
 Branches spirally grooved, studded with conical prickles. Leaves 4-10 by 4-7 in., 
 palmately 5-7 -nerved, glabrescent above, villi>8ulous beneath, rusty-pilose along the 
 prominent nerves ; petiole 2-3 in., hairy. Male fl. in long(8-10 in.), pendulous, axillary, 
 racemes, or from the old wood; rachis and pedicels hairy ; pedicels supporting a globose 
 head oftiowers. Bracts or shorter than the pedicel. Flowers rV'i"-. seto.se. Sepals 
 oblong obtuse concave at the apex, auisomerous with the corolla. Corolla funnel- or 
 bell-shaped, twice the length of the calvx, bristly externally with uncinate bristles, limb 
 4-lobed, lobes ovate-lanceolate. Stamens 4, alternate with the lobes of the corolla ; 
 filaments and anthers glabrous. Pistil rudimentary, hairy. FjKjiALt; H. not seen. 
 Fruit covered with subulate bristles. 
 
 2. P. bracteata, Wall. PL As. Rar. iil 12 ; branches, prickly, leaves 
 cordate-ovate entire or slightly h^bed, bracts (of male .si)ikes) linear longer 
 than the pedicel. Wall. Cat. 4947. P. macrocari)a, (rriff. Notul. iv. 322 ; 
 Ic. PL Ind. Or. 487. Gynocephalum bracteatum, TrecuL in Ann. Sc. Nat. 
 ser. 3, viii. 149. 
 
 Penano, Porter; Malacca, Griffith^ Mahgay. — Distrib. Borneo. 
 
 Stem tuberded, tubercles ending in a spine. Branches covered with minute prickles. 
 Leaves 6-7 by 4^-5 in., coriaceous, asperulous above, pubescent beneath, palmately 5-7- 
 uerved, nerves prominent beneath; petiole 2i in. Male tl. small, in axillary hoary 
 racemes each about 8 in. ; pedicels slen«ler, each supporting 3 small heads of flowers 
 and subtended by a long linear bract adnate to its base and studded with hooked 
 bristles. Male fl. : Sepals 3-5, truncate. Corolla longer than the calyx-lobes, rounded, 
 inflexed, setose externally. Stamens '6-b. Budiment of ovary ohlong, setose. Female fl. 
 (according to Griffith), in rounded, peduncled capitula ; peduncles 3 from the same axil, 
 as long as the petiole, flattened, strigose. Calijx oi' 4 spathulate, concave sepals. Corolla 
 4-purted. 0«;«ry strigose ; style short or 3-partite, stigmas 3; ovules anatropal, pen- 
 dulous. LJrupes \n globose masses the size of a man's head, each 1^ by f in., ovoid, 
 acute at both ends, densely coverea with slender, appr>!ssed, yellow setse, 1-celled. Seed 
 1, albumen fleshy, papulose on the surface, smelling of linseed oil ; radicle broad ; cotyle- 
 dons small, suborbicular. 
 
 3. P. oblong-a, Wall. PL As. Ear. iii. 12 ; branches not prickly, leaves 
 oblong-lanceolate entire i»ubescent beneath, bracts shorter than the i)edicels. 
 Wall. C((t. 4948. Gynocei)halum oblongura, Tree til in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, 
 viii. 149. 
 
 Penano, WaUich, &c. ; Malacca, Griffith, Ma'mgay. 
 
 Bark striated, browi\ish. Leaves 8 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent 
 beneath, shortly acuminate, 1-nerved, base acute; petiole \ in., rugose. Male fl. in 
 axillaiy racemes or in tufts from the old wood. Jiacemes slender, densely coveied, like 
 the pedicels, bracts and perianth, with brown hairs; pedicels fliiform, 3-flowered. Bracts 
 linear, halt' the length of the pedicel and more or less adnate to it. Sipals 4, obovate, 
 obtuse, concave. Corolla 4-p.irted, lobes rounded. Stamens 3-4. Pistil rudimentary. 
 Female fl. (according to Maingay) : Sepals linear-oblong, pale brown, hirsute. Petals 
 connate for \ their length into an infundibnliform corolla ; lobes ovate, obtuse, hirsute. 
 Ovary 1-celled, with 2 collateral, suspended ovules; style twice the length of the 
 corolla, cylindric, ventrico.se, hirsute, 2-3-partite, divisions subacute, stigmatic on their 
 inner surface. Drapes in globular masses the size of a man's fist, each 2 by f in., 
 oblong-obovoid, obtuse, covere(^ with stout, straight, subulate prickles which, falling off, 
 leave circular pits ; epicarp coriaceous, mesocarp pulpy, stone crustaceous. Cotyledons, 
 according to Maingay, thin, white, divaricate, tortuous, branched, (?) embedded in a 
 fleshy lobulated albumen. 
 
 4. P. palznata, Wall. PL As. Rar. iii. 12; stem prickly, leaves pal- 
 mately 5-lobed t'erruginoiis-liair/ beneath, bracts shorter than the pedicels. 
 
 WalL Cat. 4949. P. stylocari-a, Grif. Notul. iv. 320 ; Ic. PL Ind. Or. 
 489. Gynocephalum paimatum, Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, viii. 149. 
 
Phytocrem.] xxxix. olacine-^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 69S 
 
 Penang, Porter, &c. ; Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib, Java. 
 
 Branches studded with minute prickles ; shoots, petioles, and nerves of leaves ferru- 
 ginous hispid. Leaves very large, orbicular, cordate, palminerved, lobed halfway down ; 
 lobes oblong-obovate, acute; petiole 4-6 in. Male fls, in long, axillary, dense, 
 branched racemes, each pedicel supporting a globose head of flowers. Jtlowers -^^ in. 
 Calyx of 3-4 obovate, concave, hairy segments. Corolla longer tban the calyx, deeply 
 4-parted, lobes lanceolate acute setose. Stamens. 4, filaments glabrous ; anthers apicu- 
 late. Budiment of ovary minute, hairy. Female fl. not seen. Drupes 1| by 1 in., 
 oblong-turbinate, surmounted by the thickened base of the style and covered by dense 
 subulate bristles, some of which are barbed and have a transparent point. Seed pen- 
 dulous ; radicle superior, very short ; cotyledons elongate, linear-oblong, leafy. 
 
 19. IVIZQUSZ.IA, Meissner, 
 
 ^ Climbing shrubs. Wood with large vessels. Leaves alternate, petiolate, 
 simple, membranous, usually palminerved. Peduncles supra-axillary, race- 
 mose in the male, solitary in the female plant. Flowers dioecious, capitate. 
 Male fl. : Calyx minute, 4-5-tid. Corolla separated from the calyx by 
 a long pedicel-like stipes (corolla-tube 1), limb 4-5-lobed, lobes valvate, apex 
 inflexed. Stamens isomerous and alternate with the lobes of the corolla, 
 filaments short ; anthers introrse. Female fl. : Calyx as in the male. 
 Corolla not removed from the calyx, lobes free, or nearly so, ultimately re- 
 flexed. Staminodes 4-5, very small, alternate with the lobes of the corolla 
 or 0, Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style short, stigma dilated cup-like ; ovules 2, 
 pendulous from the apex of the cavity, raphe dorsal, micropyle superior. 
 Drupe oblong, more or less compressed, surrounded at the base by the 
 persistent calyx, mesocarp thin, endocarp crustaceous externally rugose. 
 Seed, solitary, pendulous albumen fleshy rugulose ; radicle superior; 
 cotyledons elliptic, thick, leafy flat. — Distrib, Species 5, (perhaps 
 all forms of one variable species, Baillon), distributed in India and the 
 Archipelago. 
 
 The materials in herbaria are not good, and the structure of the male flowers espe- 
 cially requires further examination in a fresh state. 
 
 1. ]yc. ZLleinil, Meissn. Gen. 152 ; leaves obovate-lanceolate shortly and 
 abruptly acuminate subentire or crenulate. ^ Miquelia assamica, Blume 
 Rumphia, iv. 37. Jenkinsia assamica, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 
 231, 1. 12 ; Notul 370, t. 537, f. 2. Araliacea? Kleinii, W. dh A. Prodr. i. 
 375. Phytocrene sp. Wight III. ii. 62. 
 
 Assam, Griffith ; Khasia Mts., H.f. & T. 
 
 Glabrescent. Branches strigose when young. Leaves 7-8 by 3 in., glabrous, base 
 tapering, rarely subhastate ; petiole l|-2 in. Peduncles of male plant i-2 in., filiform. 
 Flowers capitate, | in. Calyx minute, 3-5-fid. Corolla 4-5-parted, lobes oblong, free, 
 valvate. Filaments very sliort, anthers elongate. Rudiment of pistil depressed. 
 Peduncles of female plant short, thick. Calyx minute, 4-5-lobed. Corolla 4-5-parted, 
 lobes reflexed, greenish. Staminodes minute. Ovary ovoid, apex truncate ; stigma 
 sessile, 4-lobed. Drupe | by ^ in. subsessile, yellowish, obliquely ovoid. 
 
 2. M. dentata, Bedd. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxv. 211, t. 23; leaves 
 oblong acuminate remotely and coarsely toothed, base truncate cordate. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Anamallay forests, Beddome, 
 
 Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 8 by 3f in., membranous, glabrous ; petiole 2 iil. 
 Male fl. capitate on supra-axillary racemose peduncles which are shorter than the 
 petiole. Flower-buds club-shaped, truncate. Calyx subcampanulate, 4-toothed. 
 Corolla-lobes lanceolate. Stamens 4, anthers oblong, base sagittate. Pistil minute, 
 rudimentary. Female fl. capitate, on a solitary supra-axillary peduncle longer than 
 
 VOL. L Q Q 
 
594 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Miquelia. 
 
 the petiole. Calyx deeply toothed. Corollalohes lanceolate. Ovary obovoid, base 
 tapering ; Style very short, dilated into a cup-shaped stigraa- ovules 2. 
 
 3. TUt. 1 g-ibba, Baill. Adansonm^ x. 278; DC. Trodr. xvii. 15 ; leaves 
 ovate acuminate entire, base rounded 5-nerved. 
 
 Western Bengal, Griffi,th. 
 
 Branches terete, glaUruus. Leaver 8 by 4 in., membranous, glabrous, nerves pro- 
 minent beneath. Drvpc 1^-14 i"-) ellipsoid, glabrescent, brownish, convex on one side, 
 furrowed on the other, gibbous towards the base ; stone hard, granular. Cotyledons 
 thin. — An imperfectly known species. 1 have seen no specimens. 
 
 20. SARCOSTZGMA, W. & A. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. TT^oor/ without zones. Zmivs alternate, simple, shortly 
 petioled. Flowers dioecious, minute, arranged in tufts along a long pendu- 
 lous rachis. Male fl. : Calyx minute, 4-5-lobed. Petals 5, free, or nearly 
 so, valvate, oblong, ultimately reflexed. Stamens 5, alternate with the 
 petals, free, or adnate to tiie base of the petals, filaments glabrous ; anthers 
 erect, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Futil rudimentary. Female fl. : 
 Calyx and corolla as in the male. IStaminodes 4-5, hypogynous, alternate 
 with the petals. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled ; stigma subsessile, globose 
 or umbonate; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous, funicle expanded into an 
 "obturator." Drv}ye surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx and 
 corolla, epicarp coriaceous, endocarp woodv lined with a thin white mem- 
 brane, ^enl (according to Baillon) pendulous, exalbuminous ; cotyledons 
 fleshy, wrapping round the short superior radicle. — Distrib. Species 3 or 4, 
 all tropical Asiatic. 
 
 1. S. Kleinil, W. <(- A. in Edin. New Phil. Jonrn. xiv. 299 ; leaves 
 glabrous oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate. Miersin Ann. Nat. Hist, 
 ser. 2. 116; Co>drib. i. 103, t. 18 ; Wight Id. 1854; Dalz. dc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 
 221. 
 
 Eastern and "Western Peninsulas; Malacca, Maingay, Cochin and Travancor, 
 Wight; the Concan, ,Stocks. 
 
 A climbing, branched shrub. Branches terete. Leaves 4-10 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, 
 pale on both surfaces, base rounded, nerves prominent beneath; petiole f in., trans- 
 versely wrinkled. Rachis extra axillary, angular, covered with brownish strigose hairs. 
 Flowers ^\x\. (\\ixm. MaleA.: Calyx minute, pilosulous, cup shaped, obscurely 4-5- 
 lobed. Petals xV in., glabrous, oblong, acute. /Stamens as long as the petals, filaments 
 glabrous, flat, strap-shaped ; anthers 2-celled. liudiment of jmtil conical. Female fl. : 
 Co/yr and corolla as in the male. Ovary obovoid, pilosulous, surrounded by 5 hypogynous, 
 abortive stamens; stigma subsessile, conical ; ovules 2, collateral. Fruit 1-14 in. 
 olive-shaped, somewhat compressed, bright orange-red, rugose and strigose externally, 
 smooth within. 
 
 2. S. Walllchli, Baill. in Adansonia, x. 282 ; leaves downy beneath 
 along the nerves ovate acute or acuminate, fruiting peduncles densely 
 villous. Wall. Cat. 9030 (" indeterm.") 
 
 BiRMA ; Phanoe Hill on the Saluen, Wallich. 
 
 Branches terete, rugose. Leaves 6 by 3 in., nerves depressed above, prominent 
 beneath ; petiole ^ in., thick. Fruiting peduncles from the old wood. Calyx minute, 
 villous, 4-fid. Fruit 3^ in., ovoid-oblong, compressed, densely hairy. — The specimens 
 are very imperfect. 
 
 3. S. edule, JCni^z in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 298 ; glabrous, 
 leaves ovate-oblong apiculate, spikes rusty-tomentose. Chailletia edulis, 
 Kurz in Andam. Hep. App. B 6. 
 
Sarcostigma.] xxxix. olacine^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 695 
 
 Andaman Isles, Kurz. 
 
 Branches woody. Leaves 7 by Z\ in., coriaceous, glabrous, base obtuse ; petiole 
 short. Fruit 1 in., obliquely oblong, obtuse, densely covered with orange-coloured 
 down, shining white within, pulp sweet, edible {Kurz). — Probably only a form of 
 S. Kleinii. 
 
 21. KATSXATUBI, Ham. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Wood porous, with inconspicuous medullary rays. 
 Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, 7-9-nerved. Flowers dioecious, in supra- 
 axillary racemes. Male fl. : Calyx deeply 5-parted, persistent, not 
 accrescent. Petals 5, free, or united at the base. Staminodes 5, opposite the 
 petals, outside the stamens. Fertile stamens alternate with the petals ; 
 anthers erect, apiculate, bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally. Pistil rudi- 
 mentary. Female fi. : Sepals and petals as in the male. Staminodes 
 4-6, hypogynous, alternating with an equal number of compressed glands. 
 Ovary sessile, villous ; style short, apex 2-3-lobed, stigmas capitate ; 
 ovules 2, collateral, penduh)us, raphe dorsal. Drupe obliquely ovoid, com- 
 pressed; stone crustaceous, 1-celled. Seed solitary, albumen fleshy; 
 radicle superior, cotyledons leafy, orbicular, 3-5-nerved. 
 
 1. N. herpeticuxn, Ham. in Wall. Cat 4252 ; Am. in Edin. New Phil. 
 Journ. xvi. 314 ; N. sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 330 ; Ic. PI. As. t. 496, f. 1. 
 Natsiatum herpeticum. Ham. ex R. Br. in Benn. PL Jav. Par. 245 ; Miq. 
 Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. i. 797. Sicyos pentandrus. Wall. Cat. 6682, $. 
 
 Eastern Bengal and the Himalaya, from Nipal, Sikkim, Silhet, and the Khasia 
 Mts., alt. 3000 ft., to Chittagong and Pegu. 
 
 Herbaceous portions strigose. Brandies as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves distant, 
 3-6 in., membranous, roughish, cordate-ovate, acute, repand, 7-9-nerved ; petiole longer 
 than the blade. Racemes supra-axillary, long, slender, pendulous, many-flowered. 
 Bracts small, linear, pedicels about the length of the flower. Flowers minute, 
 greenish-yellow. Male. fl. : Calyx lobes valvate, lanceolate, scabrid. Petals 5, alter- 
 nate with the calyx-lobes and one-third longer, lanceolate. Glands (staminodes ?j 5, 
 fleshy, 2-lobed. Fertile stamens opposite the sepals, filaments very short ; anthers 
 sagittate ; connective glandular. Female fl. : staminodes subulate. Drupe \ in. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 N. GAMOSEPALUM, Griff. Notul. iv. 330. Menispermea, Itin. Notes 114, is Lnpho- 
 phyllum bicristatum, Grff. (See p. 105.) 
 
 22. ZODES, Blume. 
 
 Climbing shrubs, rarely erect. Leaves opposite, or subalternate, petiolate, 
 simple, 1-nerved. Inflorescence cymose, cymes axillary or extra-axillary ; lower 
 peduncles often sterile, cirrose. i^fo?«'ers dichlamydeous, dioecious. MALEfl.: 
 Calyx minute, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Corolla 3-5-merous, lobes valvate.- 
 Stamens hypogynous, equal in number to, and opposite the lobes of the 
 corolla ; anthers basifixed, straight, 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing longitudi- 
 nally. Pv<tU rudimentary. Female fl. : Cah/x as in the male. Corolla 4-5- 
 parted, tubular below and often dilated. Staminodes 0. Ovary subsessile, 
 1-celled, with 2 collateral pendulous ovules ; funicle dilated into an "ob- 
 turator " stigma sessile, discoid, 5-lobed. Drupe surrounded at the base 
 by the persistent, but not accrescent calyx, stone 1-seeded. aSVcg? pen- 
 dulous, testa thin, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat, leafy; radicle superior. — 
 DiSTRiB. Species about 6, natives of India, the Archipelago, and of tropical 
 Africa. 
 
 QQ2 
 
696 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [lodes. 
 
 Sect. 1. Eviodes, BaiUon. Pedicels slender, not woody. 
 
 1. X. ovalis, Blume Bijdr. i. 30 ; leaves ovate acute or acuminate, 
 base rounded, male flowers panicled. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Mar. 243, t. 48 ; 
 Hassh. Cat. PI. llwt. Bogc/r. 172; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 795. I. tomentella, 
 Miq. I.e. 796. Natsiatum oppositifolium, Platichon in Hook. Lond. Journ. 
 Bot. V. 247 (name only). 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Philippines. 
 
 A climbing shrub, rarely sub-arborescent. Brandies terete, covered with rnfoua 
 tomentum. Tendrils axillary or opposite the leaves. Leaves 5 by 4 in., subcoriaceous, 
 glabrous above, except along the midrib, tomentose beneath, ovate or roundish ; petiole 
 I in. Cyme (of male plant) much branched, peduncles 6-8 in., pedicels spreadirg 
 Plower-hudn subglobose, densely rufous-villous. Calyx ciliate. Corolla much exceed 
 ing the calyx ; lobes lanceolate, indexed at the points, ciliate, connate at the base. 
 iStamens shorter than the lobes of the corolla, filaments short erect ; anthers oblong- 
 obovate, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudiment of pistil erect, cylindrical, or subclavate, 
 hispid. Female fl. : Calyx tubular, limb as in the male fl. Corolla 4-5-parted, sub- 
 rotate, lobes acute reflexed globose beneath. Ovary substipitate, ovoid, compressed, 
 densely villose ; stigma thick, orbicular, crcnate, concave. Drupe 4 by | in., rather 
 dry, ovoid, compressed, villous, mesocarp thin. — rMiqnol's /. tomentella {I. oralis, var. /3 
 Miquelii, Bail!, in DC Prodr. xvii. '23), scuuiS to diiler only in its more dense covering 
 of rufous tomentum. Maingay 's Malacca spec. mens belong to this fonn. 
 
 Sect! 2. Ziaslodes, BaUlon. Pedicels thick, woody. 
 
 2. I. Hookerlana, Baill. in Adansrmia, x. 268, and in BC. Prodr. 
 
 xvii. 24 ; leaves oblong-ovate or ovate acuminate, base acute or cordate. 
 
 Assam, Griffith; Chittaoong, H.f.& T. 
 
 Branches cylindiic or subangled, setose, ultimately glabrous. Leaves 4-8by.l|-4 
 in., opposite or subalternate, coriaceous, glabrous above, setose beneath along the 
 
 Eromintnt nerves; petiole | in., rugose, articulate at the base, covered with rigid, 
 rownish hairs. Jnjlorescence extra-axillary ; peduncle rugose, as long as the 
 petiole, dichotomous ; pedicels spreading, thickened at the apex. Male fl. ^ in. 
 Calyx pateriform, limb shortly 5-lobed, lobes deltoid acuminate. Corolla twice the 
 length of tiie calyx, densely hairy at the base externally, deeply 5-parted ; lobes thick, 
 oblong, with inflexed points. Stamens 5, free, hypogynou.s, half the length of 
 the petals and concealed within them, filaments glabrous ; anthers shorter than the 
 filaments, erect, adnate, base sagittate. Rudiment of pistil conical. Ilrupe the size of a 
 pigeon's egg, acute at the apex, yellowi.'di- red, glabrous ; stone compressed, woody, some- 
 what rugose, 1-celled. Seed ovate, compressed. — I have not examined the female 
 flowers. In the unopened male bud I found the pollen shed. 
 
 3. Z. Thomsoniana, Baill. in Adansonia, x 270, and in DC. Prodr. 
 xvii. 25 ; ]eave.s oblong-obovate acuminate, base narrowed cordate. 
 
 Chittaoong,^./. c& T. 
 
 A climber. Branches woody, terete, sulcatc, grey, deeply scarred, young shoots and 
 petioles densely rusty setose. Leaves 10 by 3 in., at length glabrous, repand, basal lobes 
 rounded, midrib downy beneath ; petiole \ in. Inflorescence extra-axillary, cymose ; 
 peduncles short, woody, pedicels divaricate. Male fl. as in /. Hookeriana, but 
 petals relatively shorter and broader. — An imperfectly known species, probably as 
 suggested by BaiUon himself a mere form of/. Hookeriana. 
 
 DGITBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 4. X. 7 Brandisil, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. ii. 1872, 298 ; leaves ob- 
 long acuminate mucronate, base obtuse, peiiule long slender. 
 
 Tenasserim, Kurz. 
 
 A climbing cirrose shrub. Leaves 6-8 in,, membranous, tomentose along the nerves 
 
Iodes.\ XXXIX. OLACiNEiE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 597 
 
 above, over the whole surface beneath. Cymes opposite the leaves, pedicels short, 
 slender. Flowers minute, tomentose. — Only known frjia Kurz's description. 
 
 6. Z. oblong'a, Planch, in herb. Kew. ; leaves oblanceolate, base tapering 
 subcordate. 
 
 Penang? Wallich. 
 
 Shrubby, scandent? -Bmr^c^es cylindric, grey, setose, ultimately glabrescent, with 
 prominent scars. Leaves 5 hy 1^ in., membranous, glabrous above, setose along the 
 midrib above, and over the whole lower surface ; petiole ^ in. Inflorescence inter- 
 axillary, peduncles 1 in., cymose, dichotomously branched. Flowers very minute. 
 Ovary oblong, 1-celled ; stigma sessile, thick, discoid, 5-lobed; ovules 2, pendulous. — 
 I have not seen perfect flowers, but the structure of the ovary is that of lodes. 
 
 GENUS OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY. 
 
 23. CARDZOFTZSaZS, Wall. 
 
 A climbing herb with milky juice. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, simple 
 or lobed, cordate, palminerved. Flowers ebracteate, in axillary racemose or 
 panicled cymes, bisexual, dichlamydeous. Calyx 4-5-parted ; lobes imbricate, 
 persistent, but not, or only slightly accrescent. Corolla deciduous, between 
 rotate and funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed. /Stamens 4-5, inserted on the base of 
 the tube of the corolla, alternate with its lobes, filaments short glabrous ; 
 anthers 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen-grains 4-angular. 
 Ovary free, surrounded at the base by a thick fleshy annular disk, 
 oblong, compressed, 1-celled ; ovules 1 (rarely 2) pendulous, naked, raicro- 
 pyle ultimately superior ; style 2-branched, one branch deciduous, curved, 
 capitate at the apex, the other accrescent, ultimately deciduous, divided at 
 the apex into 2 unequal, ovate, rather obtuse divisions. Fruit ovate-orbicu- 
 lar, emarginate or obcordate, compressed, very broadly winged, 1-celled, 
 indehiscent. Seed solitary, linear, furrowed ; embryo minute, in hard fleshy 
 albumen. — The following is the only species. 
 
 1. C. lobata, JR. Br. in Wall. Gat. 8033 A, and, in Benn. PI. Jav. Ear. 
 246, t. 49. Mia. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. i. 799. C. moluccana, Blume Rumph. 
 iv. 207, t. 177, 1. 2, partly. C. javanica Blume Rumph. iii. 206, iv. t. 177. 
 C. Rumphii, Baill. in Adansonia x. 280, and in DC. Prodr. xvii. 26. Perip- 
 terygium quinquelobum, Hassk. Cat. PI. Hart. Bogor. 351. 
 
 Western Bengal, in Silhet and Cachar. Rangoon, Ava, and Tenasserim. — 
 DiSTRiB. Yunan, Indian Archipelago, Siam, New Guinea. 
 
 Stem terete, striate. Leaves 3-5 in. by 3-4J in., glabrous, membranous, polymor- 
 phous, usually more or less angular and slightly lobed, base 7-9 nerved, cordate, lobes 
 acute or acuminate, widely divergent ; petiole 3-5 in. Peduncles 2^-4 in., solitary, 
 axillary, dichotomous ; pedicels puberulous, erect, ultimately spreading or recurved. 
 Flo7vers rather crowded, secund, ^ebracteate. CaZy.r puberulous. Corolla sligbtly ex- 
 ceeding the calyx, whitish, deciduous. Fruit 1-1 ^ in. by 1| in.— The plant varies 
 much in the consistence and form of the leaves, occasionally even on the same specimen, 
 hence, by some writers, several species have been proposed. Baillon, however, ranks 
 them all as varieties. The following occur within the limits of this Flora. 
 
 Var. 1. moluccana, leaves rather thick subcordate or hastato-subcordate not lobed, 
 nerves subpedate more or less conspicuous sometimes reddish, inflorescence cymose- 
 racemose. C. moluccana, Blume Rumph. iii. 207, t. 177, f. 2 ; Boyle JU. 13G ; Miq. 
 Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 799. C. Eumphii, var. a integrifolia, Baill. in DC. Prodr. 
 xvii. 26; Bumph. Amh. v. 482, t. 180. Dioscorea sativa, L. Amoen. Acad. iv. 133. 
 
 Var. 2. subhamata, Baill. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 26 ; leaves cordate pedately 7-nerved 
 
598 XXXIX. OLACiNE^. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Cardiopteris, 
 
 sagittate-oval e, 5-7-lobed, terminal lobe largest ovate acuminate, lateral lobes angular 
 acuminate, lowermost unequally cuneate. C. subhamata. Wall. mss. 
 
 There are differences of opinion as to the structure of the flower. The figure of the 
 ovary in Blume's Rumphia, t. 177, f. 8, differs from the description, and is erroneous. 
 The persistent and accrescent style (?) assumes a spongy cellular character, and is 
 traversed by two bundles of spiral vessels and by laticiferous tubes. Octahedral crys- 
 tals'also abound in its tissues. The cells of the epicarp contain in some cases a spiral 
 fibre. The structure of the ovule is very peculiar. According to Dr. Hooker's unpub- 
 lished drawings made from the fresh specimens, the ovule is pendulous and originally 
 straight, but afterwards curves upward. It is devoid of coats, but is provided with a 
 raphe and the embryo sac (?) is protruded iu the shape of a long tubular process. 
 
 Order XL. ILICINE^. (By J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple, exstipulate, or with 2 minute 
 stipules, usually coriaceous and evergreen. Flowers small, in axillary 
 cymes fascicles m* unibellules, usually dioecious, ^ with imperfect ovary, 
 and $ with imperfect stamens. CWyx 3-6 -partite or -lobed ; segments or 
 lobes imbricate, persistent. Ptkils 4-5, rarely G-S, connate at the base, or 
 connate in the ^ and free in the $, deciduous, imbricate. Stameiis 4-6, 
 adhermg to the bases of the petals, sometimes free and hypogynous in the 
 ? , filaments subulate ; anthers shortly oblong, dorsitixed. I)ii<k 0. Ovary 
 free, 3-16-celled ; style 0, or very short, rarely long, stigma capitate or 
 discoid; ovules 1, or 2 collateral, pendulous, raphe dorsal, micropyle 
 superior, funicle often cupular. Drupe with 2 or more 1 -seeded free rarely 
 connate stones. Seed with a membranous testa, flesiiy albumen and 
 minute embryo. — Distrib. Three genera, a^id about 160 species, chiefly 
 tropical. 
 
 An examination of the Indian species has led to very important modifications of the 
 ordinal character as given in the Genera Plantarum, and to the suppression of the 
 genus Byronia. 
 
 1. ZXiZSX, Linn. 
 
 Calyx 4-5-lobed or -parted. Corolla rotate, petals free or connate at the 
 base. Stamens 4-5, adhering to the base of the corolla in the ^, sometimes 
 hypogynous in the $ . Ovary 2-12-celled ; styles or very short, stigmas 
 free or confluent on the top of the ovary. Drape globose, very rarely 
 ovoid, with 2-16 stones. — Distrib. Of the Order ; species about 145. 
 
 Sect. L Flowers in strict spikes. Di^pe with 10-16 stones. 
 
 1. X. spicata, Blume Bijdr. 1149; glabrous, leaves elliptic shortly 
 obtusely caudate-acuminate very coriaceous quite entire. Prinos spicata, 
 Miq. Ft. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 594. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Java, Borneo. 
 
 An often epiphytic shrub {Blume) ; branches stout, woody. * Leaves 4-6 in,, base 
 rounded, midrib stout beneath, dark olive-green when dry ; nerves very slender, reticu- 
 late ; petiole very short. Spikes 1^ in., solitary or twin, axillary and below the leaves, 
 suberect or spreatling ; rachis rather stout, flowering from the base ; bracts minute, 
 pedicel iV i^^- Flowers minute ; $ about iV i"- diam. Calyx flat, of 4-5 rounded 
 lobes. Corolla of 4-5 broadly oblong petals, sliglitly connate at the base, finally re- 
 flexed. Stamens inserted at the junction of the petals, filaments at length longer 
 than the corolla ; anthers small. Imperfect jjvary globose, grooved. Fl. ? not seen. 
 
Bex.] XL. iLiciNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 699 
 
 Drupe I in. long, broadly ovoid, rauch compressed, with a sessile transversely elongated 
 stigma on its broad truncate end, and 10-16 minute com|n-essed coriaceous stones. — A. 
 very curious plant, which I assume to be Blume's /. spicata. Maingay's specimens are 
 in $ flowers only, and I have described the drupe from Bornean ones collected by 
 Beccari. 
 
 Sect. II. Flowers in very dense short axillary branched cymes, pedicels 
 very short, ^ and ? 4-merous. Drupes subsessile in the axils, 1-4-celled 
 (pedicelled in /. odorata). 
 
 2. Z. insig-nis, Hook./.; branches very stout, leaves 6-9 in. elliptic- 
 lanceolate obscurely serrate very coriaceous young spinous-toothed, drupe 
 subsessile large with a rugose 1-3-seeded stone. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya ; at Darjeeling, alt. 7000 ft. 
 
 A small evergreen erect tree; branchlets as thick as the little finger, grooved. 
 Leaves very thick, acute, narrowed into the stout petiole, which is f-1 in. ; nerves be- 
 neath very stout and much reticulated ; young oblong-lanceolate, base rounded, margins 
 spinous, petiole shorter. Flowers 4-merous, ^ in. diam., in subglobose clusters \ in. 
 diara., green ; pedicels very short, stout ; bracts opposite, small, ovate, acute. Calyx- 
 lobes broadly ovate, acute or obtuse. Petals orbicular-obovate, connate below in the 
 6. Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla in the ^ , filaments very 
 thick. Evdlmentary -ovary globose, with 4 minute papillae as stigmas. Ovary of ? 
 4-celled ; stigma sessile, discoid, 4-lobed. Drupe% in. diara., globose, with a globose 
 1-3-celled 1-3-seeded grooved woody stone formed of 4 connate stones. — Closely allied 
 to /. dipyrena, but a very much larger plant in all its parts, with shorter stamens and 
 a very different structure of the drupe. Still more closely allied tp. the Japanese I. 
 latifoiia, Thunb., which has 4 separate stones in the drupe. 
 
 3. Z. dipyrena, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ^ i. 473 ; PI. As. 
 
 Ear. iii. 68, t. 292 ; Cat. 4327 ; branches stout, leaves 3-4 in. elliptic- 
 lanceolate spinous-serrate very coriaceous, the old quite entire, drupe 
 subsessile with 2 rarely more plano-convex deeply-grooved stones. 
 Don Prodr. 188 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 15 ; JBrandis For. Flor. 76. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya; from Simla, alt. 5-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft., 
 Wallich, &c. 
 
 An evergreen tree 30-40 ft. ; trunk sometimes 17 feet girth ; shoots pilose. Leaves 
 shining, the young very spinous, the older with scattered marginal spines, the oldest 
 with a thickened quite entire border ; petiole |-^ in. Flowers 4-merous, | in. diam., in 
 axillary subglobose clusters, white ; pedicels very short ; bracts 2, opposite, ovate, 
 acute. Calyx-loles broadly ovate, acute, ciliate. Petals obovate, connate below in the 
 (J , free in the ?. /Stamens of S inserted on the corolla, longer than the petals, of the 9 
 hypogynous. Ovary of 9 ovoid, 2- rarely 3-4-celled, stigma quadrate. Drupe ^ in. 
 diam., globose, scarlet, stones usually 2, rarely 3-4, deeply grooved longitudinally. 
 
 4. Z. odorata, Ham. in Don Prodr. 189 ; leaves 5-7 in. elliptic-oblong 
 or lanceolate acute minutely serrate-toothed, ^ fi. in short globose panicled 
 cymes, female cymes shorter, drupe pedicelled with 4 stones. DC. 
 Prodr. ii. 15 ; Brandis For. Flor. 77.— Ilex ? Wall. Cat. 9023. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; from Simla to Nipal, alt. 3-6000 ft. 
 
 A small evergreen tree ; branches much less stout than in the preceding two species. 
 Leaves sometimes 9 in.; nerves rather slender; petiole ^-| in. Flowers 4-merous, 
 about % in. diam., white ; $ in very shortly peduncled spreading globose cymes 4-1 in. 
 diam. ; 9 in shorter cymes and with shorter pedicels ; bracts minute, at the base of 
 the pedicels. Calyx-lobes rounded. Petals of S connate below ; of $ free, oblong, 
 obtuse. Stamens of $ inserted on the corolla, filaments slender, much longer than the 
 petals ; of '^ liypogynous. Ovary globose, 4-celled ; stigma sessile quadrate. Drupe 
 4 in. diam., pedicelled, globose (ovoid, black, Brandis) ; stones 4, small, trigonous, with 
 
600 XL. iLiciNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Hex. 
 
 obtuse angles.— Brandis gives Sikkim as a habitat for this, but I doubt the plant he 
 here alludes tobeingkhe same species ; his plant has very stout branches like those of/. 
 (Jipyrena, and very shortly pedicelled young fruits, has 4 pyrenes, lanceolate minutely 
 serrate leaves, and inhabits elevations of near 10,000 ft. ; it may be a new species, but 
 the specimens are too imperfect for determination. 
 
 Sect. III. Flowers ^ in panicled cymes ; $ solitary or fascicled, pedi- 
 celled (not cymose nor on peduncled umbellules). Drupe 4-6-ceIled. 
 (See 15. Gardneriana, in Sect IV.). 
 
 * Leaves quite eviire, <9r with 2-3 spinulose teeth. (See 9. embelioides.) 
 
 6. X< malabarica, Bedd. Flor. Sylv. t. 143 ; leaves 2-4-in. narrowly 
 elliptic-oblong acute or apiciilate quite entire, ^ flowers in shortly 
 panicled umbellules, calyx usually 6-merous, drujie very small puberuluus 
 usually ()-celled, style sh()rt cylindric stout. L Wiglitiana, Dalz. <k Gibs. 
 Jiomb. Fhrr. 143, not of Wall. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; on the Ghats, from the Concan southwards, ascending to 
 3000 ft. 
 
 A large tree, everywhere quite glabrous. Leaves variable in length and breadth, 
 always more or less narrowly elliptic, acute acuminate or apiculate by tiie produced 
 nerve, shining above, nerves beneath faint, margin with rarely a spinulose tooth to- 
 wards the tip ; petiole \-\ in. Floxoers ^-^ in. diam., peduncles and pedicels puberu- 
 lous ; $ fl. solitary or fascicled, the fascicles very rarely pedunck-d, j)edicels |-J^ in. 
 Calyx-lobes usually 6, broad, subacute, ciliate. Petals 4-6, orbicular, .ciliolale, connate 
 at the base in the S , less so in the $ . ^Stamens often only 4, insf rted at the base of the 
 corolla, filaments short ; anthers broadly oblong. Ovary of ^ imperfect, with 4 minute 
 stigmas. Drupe ^ in. diam., depressed-globose, usually 6- or more celled, with an evi- 
 dent stout style. — 'i'his has been distributed as /. Wiyhtiana, by Perottet and others. 
 
 6. I. Walker 1, Wujht d- Gard. mss. ex IVmaites Fnum. 184 (1858) ; gla- 
 brous, leaves |-1 in. subsessile orbicular obovate or broadly elliptic very 
 coriaceous obtuse rounded or retuse with a few teeth near the tip, flowers 
 4-5-merous, ^ in very shortly peduncled umbellules, ? shortly pedicelled. 
 I. Walkeri, Turcz. in Bull. JSoc. Nai. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 605. I. emarginella, 
 Turcz. I.e. 
 
 Westkrn Peninsula; Pulney Mts., WiyJit. Ceylon; in the Central province, alt. 
 5-8000 ft. 
 
 A small densely branched tree. Leaves very coriaceous, usually obovate with an 
 emarginate or 2-lobed or 3-4-toothed tip, margins recurved, nerves below few and slen- 
 der; petiole -fV in. Flowers ^\ in. diam., white, 4-5-merous. Calyx-lobes 4^, sub- 
 acute. Petals orbicular, spreading, connate iu both sexes. Stamens 4-5, inserted on 
 the corolla in both sexes. Dj^ij)e J in. diam., globose, with 4-5 triangular hard coher- 
 ing stones ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed. — A very variable plant, named Walkeri inde- 
 l)endently by Thwaites and Turczaninoff. Thwaites has a var. major with elliptic 
 apiculate leaves. TurczaninotT's /. emarginalla is the more common form of the 
 plaut. 
 
 ** Leaves tootlud or serrate. {See also 6. Walkeri.) 
 
 7. Z. denticulata, Wall. Cat. 4333; glabrous, leaves 2^3 in. elliptic 
 or elliptic-oblong acute or obtusely acuminate serrate very coriaceous, 
 flowers 4-merous, ^ in short subsessile cymes, $ fascicled, drupe ^ in, 
 diam. with 4 hard stones. Wight III. t. 142; Thwaites Fnum. 183; 
 BeddoTne Fl. Sylv. t. 142. I. nilagirica, Miquel PL Hohen. 1456. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri and Ananiallay hills, alt. 6-8000 ft., Wight, &c, 
 Ceylom, on the Bopatalawa Plains, alt. 6000 ft., Ihwaites. 
 
Ilea?.] XL. iLiciNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 601 
 
 A large timber tree (Beddome) ; young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves very cori- 
 aceous, acutely or obtusely serrate throughout their length, tip variable, very cori- 
 aceous ; nerves beneath few, very slender; petiole ^-| in. Ilowers ^ in. diam. ; (? in 
 branched very short cymes. Calyx-lohes broad, subacute. Petals connate at the very 
 base in the $ , free in the 9, broadly oblong. Stamens about equalling the petals, in- 
 serted on the corolla in the <J , hypogynous in the ? . Drupes rarely solitary, globose, 
 with 4 trigonous grooved rather woody stones ; stigma sessile, 4-lobed ; pedicels very stout, 
 ^ in. long. — Wight figures the ovarian cells with 2 superposed ovules (copied in Bed- 
 dome's Flor.^ Sylv.) ; 1 find but one with a larij;e thick funicle. I have followed Wight 
 and all subsequent authors in calling this 1. denticulata, Wall. ; but the only represen- 
 tatives of this name in the "Wallichian Herbarium are two small obovate leaves, with 
 obscurely serrate margins, probably of /. Wightiana. 
 
 8. X. theeefolia, Wall. Gat. 6391 (Myrsine); glabrous, branches robust, 
 leaves 2-3| in, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate subcaudate with an obtuse 
 tip obtusely obscurely serrate very coriaceous reticulate beneath, flowers 
 5-merouSj ^ in very short subsessile cymes, $ fascicled, drupe i in. diam. 
 with 4 stones. I. gaultheriaefolia, Kurz in Bern. As. Soc. Jour. 1872, ii. 
 259. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Gomez, &c. ; Tenasserim, Kurz: Mishmi Hills, 
 Griffith. 
 
 So near to /. denticulata, that I have hesitated before keeping it distinct ; it differs 
 in the longer narrower more attenuate tips of the leaves, with more reticulated nerves 
 beneath, and in the smaller drupes. I have adopted "Wallich's singularly appropriate 
 specific name. - 
 
 9. X. exnbelioides, Ilook. f. ; glabrous, leaves l|-2 in. elliptic or 
 elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate with an obtuse apiculate tip entire or 
 with a few acute serratures, flowers 4-merous minute, ^ in small pedicelled 
 umbellules, $ fascicled, drupe \ in. globose with 4 stones. 
 
 Khasia Mts. ; common at Churra, Nunklow, &c., alt. 3-4000 ft. 
 
 A small tree; tips of branchlets obscurely puberulous, as is sometimes the midrib of 
 the young leaf above. Leaves coriaceous, sometimes quite entire, at others with small 
 scattered spinulose teeth along the margin, very obscurely reticulated beneath ; petiole 
 \-^ in. Flowers about ^V i^- diam., white ; S panicles 4-1 in., peduncles slender, pe- 
 dicels obscurely puberulous. Calyx-lohes obtuse. Petals oblong-orbicular, connate 
 below in both sexes. Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla in both 
 sexes. Drupes clustered on a very short axillary branchlet, pedicels as long as them- 
 selves. — A very distinct species, of which a specimen in Griffith's Herbarium from the 
 Khasia is labelled " Embelise affinis? Mambrea 12-6 35," apparently in Wallich's hand- 
 writing. 
 
 10. X. Grlffithii, Hook. f. ; branches pubescent or glabrescent, leaves 
 1^-2 in. elliptic acute serrulate coriaceous shining above, flowers 4-merous, 
 ^ fascicled, ? solitary or nearly so, drupe globose with 4 large coriaceous 
 3-gonous stones and a thin epicarp. 
 
 Assam, Jenkins, Griffith; Silhet, at Terrya Ghat, H.f. & T. T.; Malacca, Keddah 
 Peak, Loiv ; Summit of Goonong, &c,, Maingaij, Griffith. 
 
 A small tree, branches very sparingly pubescent in Khasia specimens, much more so 
 in those from Malacca. I^eaves coriaceous, but soft, serratures obtuse, midrib below 
 often pubescent ; nerves numerous very fine ; petiole | in. Flowers ? nearly | in. 
 diam., larger than in /. theoifoUa, (5* nearly i in. diam., apparently not panicled ; pedi- 
 cels 4 in. Calyx orbicular with 4 broad shallow ciliolate lobes. Petals broadly oblong, 
 obtuse, recurved, connate below in both sexes. Stameris of ^ equalling the petals, in- 
 serted on the corolla in both sexes. Ovary globose ; stigma sessile, 4-lobed. Drupe 
 quite globose, black or purple ? flesh very thin, stones coriaceous with broad flat faces 
 and a convex back ; pedicel stout, 4-| in. long. 
 
602 XL. iLiciNEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Hex. 
 
 11. Z. Thomsoni, Hook, f.; a small shrub, branclilets puberulous, 
 leaves |-1 in. obovate or oblanceolate subacute or apiculate serrulate 
 coriaceous gland- dotted beneath, flowers 4-merous, (^ solitary and in 3-6- 
 flowered cymes, ? subsolitary, drupe globose i in. diam. with 4 large 
 coriaceous 3-gonous stones. 
 
 Eastebn Himalaya ; Bliotan, at Tongse, Griffith. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft., at 
 Moflong, Wallich; Chui-ra and Surureem, H. f. i& T. T. 
 
 A small bright green shrub, about 6 ft. high. Leaves shining, green, retaining their 
 colour when dry, narrowed into the short petiole, serratures obtuse ; nerves very obscure 
 beneath. Flowers about J in. diam., white ; cymes of i of usually 3 flowers on a pe- 
 duncle ^-\ in. long; pedicels slender; 9 pedicels \ in., lengthening and thickening in 
 fruit. Calyx with 4 orbicular lobes. Petals broadly oblong, obtuse, connate at the 
 base in both sexes. Stamens as long as the petals, inserted on the corolla in both 
 sexes. Drupe like that of J. GriffitJdi, but smaller, purple ; stigma sessile, 4-lobed. — 
 This was first gathered by Wallich at Moflong in 1835, when on the tea-deputation to 
 Assam. Very near, indeed, to /. Uorsfieldii, Miq., of Java, but the leaves are obovate ; 
 boih have leaves of similar texture and serraiure, and gland-dotted beneath. 
 
 12. Z. Intricata, I/ook. f. ; branches straggling with warted ridges, 
 leaves \-^ in. obovate obtuse coarsely serrate very coriaceous, flowers 
 subsolitary 4-merous, ^ shortly pedicelled, $ sessile, drupe i in. diam. 
 with 4 large 3-gonous stones. 
 
 SiKKiM and East Nipal Himalaya, alt. 10-11,000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 A low rigid straggling shrub, forming matted masses with interlaced woody branches; 
 branchlets stout, angled and ri.uid, the ridges warted. Leaves spreading, thickly cori- 
 aceous, bright green, narrowed into very short petioles; nerves few beneath, raised. 
 Flowers -j^ in. diam. Calj/x-lobes orbicular. Pttuls broadly oblong, coriaceous, nearly 
 free below in the ? , sprciiding. Stamens equalling the petals, shorter in the ? , and 
 hardly adherent to the ]»t'tals at the very base. Drupes sessile, rod, globose, stigma 
 sessile 4-l(jbed, flesh thin, of the same structure as those of /. T/iomsoni and Griffithii, 
 to which this species is clearly allied. 
 
 13. X. fragrillB, Hook. J. ; glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. elliptic or ovate sub- 
 caudate-acuminate serrulate membranous, flowers 5-merous all fascicled, 
 drupe l in. with 5-8 stones. 
 
 SiKKiM and Bhotan Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., Griffith. Khasia Mts. at Suru- 
 reem, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. dc T. T. 
 
 A small tree, with very brittle branches, quite glabrous. Leaves bright deep green, 
 more membranous than in any of the Indian species, very strongly reticulate with 
 many rai.sed nerves beneath ; petiole 4-3 i"- Flowers ^ in. diam., both i and ? fasci- 
 cled ; pedicels ^-J in., glabrous. Calyx-lobes rounded-oblong. Petals spreading, 
 broadly oblong, obtuse, united at the base in both sexes. Stamens shorter than the 
 petals, filaments stout, inserted on the corolla in both sexes. Drupes ^ in. diam., on 
 short stout pedicels, fleshy, red, globose, stigma rather large and tumid, stones thickly 
 coriaceous. 
 
 Sect. IV. Female flowers in simple or branched peduncled umbellules. 
 Leaves quite entire in aU. (See various species in § V.) 
 
 14. Z. venulosa, Hook./.; quite glabrous, leaves 5-8 in. elliptic-oblong 
 with long slender caudate points quite entire much reticulated, umbellules 
 simple and panicled, ^ flowers 4- $ 6-6-merous, drupe very small, stigma 
 tumid subsessile. 
 
 Khasia Mts., in woods, alt. 4-5000 ft., De Silva, &c. 
 
 A handsome tree. Leaves shining above, pale beneath, with many spreading strong 
 branching nerves, suddenly contracted at the apex into a tail sometimes ahuost 2 inches 
 
Hex.] XL. iLiciNE^. (J. B. Hooker.) 603 
 
 long, base rounded ; petiole \-l in, Male fl. in glabrous axillary branched cymose 
 umbellules, i^^ in. diarn., greenish-white; peduncle compressed, stout, 4-1 in- ; pedi- 
 cels I in., slender. Calyx- lobes rounded. Petals broadly oblong, connate in both sexes. 
 Stamens short, inserted on the corolla in both sexes. Female fl. umbellules in shorter 
 stouter simple or much-branched peduncles. Drupes red, crowded ; pedicels of about 
 their own diameter; stones 5-6, trigonous, with convex backs, rather thick. — Avery 
 distinct and handsome species. 
 
 15. Z. G-ardneriana, Wight Ic. t. 1217 j glabrous, leaves 2-2| in. 
 long-petioled ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire, umbellules 
 simple and panicled, flowers 5-merous. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; on the Nilghiri hills at Sisparah Ghat, Wight. 
 
 A small tree or large shrub ( Wight). Leaves rather coriaceous, base rounded ; nerves 
 very faint beneath ; petiole |-f in., very slender. Floioers ^ in. diam., male only 
 seen, in simple solitary or fascicled peduncled slightly pubescent umbels ; peduncles 
 shorter than the petioles ; pedicels slender, ^ in. Calyx-lobes broad, ciliolate. Petals 
 oblong, obtuse, connate below. Stamens of $ equalling the petals, inserted on the 
 corolla in both sexes. — A very distinct species, of which the fruit is unknown. 
 
 16. I. Wig'litiana, Wall. Cat 4332 ; glabrous, leaves 1^-4^ in. elliptic 
 elliptic-oblong or -ovate subacute or a uniinate quite entire softly coriaceous, 
 flowers usually 5-6-merous, (J and ^ in peduncled simple panicled pu- 
 berulous umbellules, drupe with 5-6 stones, stigaia subsessile. Wight Ic. 
 t. 1216; Thwaites Enum. 183 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 142. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri hills, Wight, &c. ; Ceylon, in the southern and 
 central parts, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A large umbrageous tree, trunk 6 ft. in diam. at as high above the ground {Wight). 
 Leaves coriaceous, much larger in Ceylon than in Peninsular specimens, and more reti- 
 culated with rather distant nerves beneath, narrowed into a petiole 5-3 in. long. 
 Flowers minute, yV ^"- diam., white, umbellules subsessile in Peninsular specimens, on 
 peduncles ^ -J in. long in Ceylon specimens. Calyx-lobes orbicular. Petals I ohlong, 
 connate below in both sexes. Stamens of 6 shorter than the petals, united to the 
 corolla in both sexes. Drupe \ in. diam., globose, smooth, stones with flat sides and 
 convex backs ; style very short indeed. — The difierences between the Peninsular and 
 Ceylon specimens are almost specific. 
 
 Var. peninsularis ; leaves 1-2^ in,, nerves very indistinct beneath, umbellules sub- 
 sessile. 
 
 Var. zeylanica; leaves 3-5 in., nerves very distinct beneath, umbellules pedicelled. 
 
 17. Z. ezcelsa, Wall. Cat. 4328 (exsulca) ; glabrous, leaves 2-4 in. soft 
 elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate quite entire, nerves very oblique, 
 petiole slender, umbellules pubescent very shortly and stoutly peduncled, 
 flowers 4-5-merous, drupe \ in. diam. with 5 stones. Brandis For. 
 Flor. 76 {excl. syn. Ehretise). ? I. elliptica, Don Frodr. 189. Cassine ex- 
 celsa. Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Careys ii. 376. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon to Nipal and Bhotan (exclusive of Sikkim), 
 alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 A large shrub (or tall tree, Wallich). Leaves dark-green, shining above, paler be- 
 neath, rather fleshy, base acute ; petiole ^-1 in- ; stipules 2, minute. Floivers ^ in. 
 diam., about 12 in an umbel; peduncle ^-4 in., stout, compressed; pedicels stout, 
 very short. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Petals ovate-rotundate, crenulate, 
 united at the base in both sexes. Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla 
 in both sexes , filaments dilated at the base. Drupe globose, with 4-5 trigonous stones ; 
 stigma 4-5- lobed. — That the trivial name e.i"SM/ca of Wall. Cat. is an oversight iorexcelsa 
 is evident from this being the Cassine exceUa of Wallich in Koxburgh's Flora Indica, 
 where it is admirably described and stated to be a lofty tree ; no less than from the fact 
 
604 XL. iLiciNEJE. (J. D, Hooker.) [Hex. 
 
 that the mss. ticket attached to Blinkworth's epecimens in Wallich's handwritinff, 
 bears the name excelsa. Bramlis is certainly mistaken in referring the Ehretia 
 umhellulata^ together with vaiious Malayan Peninsula Ispecimens, io this species. 
 Wallich describes the flower as inodorous, Brandis as sweet-scented. Very near if not 
 identical with /. rotunda, Thunb., of Japan. 
 
 18. Z. Godajam, Colehr. ms. ex Wall. Gat. 4329 ; branchlets pubescent, 
 leaves 3-5 in. soft ovate acute or with a retuse tip quite entire nerves 
 spreading, petiole slender, umbellules pubescent on simple or branched 
 peduncles, (^ flowers 4-5-merous. Ehretia umbellulata. Wall, in Boxh. Fl. 
 Jnd. ed. Carey, il 344 ; Cat. 4329. Pseudehretia umbellulata, Turcz. in 
 Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 607. 
 
 Eastern Bexoal, Assam, and Silhet; Jilpigoree (Hamilton in Jlerh. Wall.) ; foot 
 of Sikkim hills, /. I). H. 
 
 A branching tree ; bark pale, ashy. Leaves rather membranous, soft, undulate, 
 nerves very slender; petiole slender, ^-1 in.; stipules 2, minute. Ploioers {$ only 
 seen) \-^ in. diam., in simple or panicJed peduncled umbellules, which, as well as the 
 peduncles and very short pedicels, are more or less pubescent, fragrant. Calyx-lobes 
 orbicular. Petals ovate-oblong, shorter than the slender filaments, united below. — It 
 is remarkable that of the five collectors from whom I have specimens of this plant, not 
 one has obtained the female flowers or fruit. One of Wallich's specimens has the 
 flowers almost twice <V8 large as and more pubescent than the others, and may be a 
 different species. I have tlie same from the Garrow hills, gathered by Simons. — This 
 differs much from /. ejccelsa, in the foliage, longer peduncles, and more numerous 
 flowers, and may prove the same with /. aulcatOf Wall. 
 
 19. Z. sulcata, Wall. Cat. 4330 ; glabrous, leaves 4-6 in. soft elliptic- 
 lanceolate or -oblong or -ovate obtuse quite entire membranous, petiole 
 slender, umbellules solitary simple long-peduncled puberulous, flowers 4-6- 
 merous, dnipe with about 8 trigonous stones. 
 
 Tenasseuim, at Moulmein, Wallich ; Mergui, Griffith; Amherst, Jlelfer (Kew distrib. 
 1998) ; Peou, Kvrz. 
 
 Probably a tree ; bark of branches grey-brown ; shoots apparently soft. Leaves thin 
 and soft in texture, pale yellow-brown when dry, with a slender translucent margin ; 
 nerves beneath very slender, arching, hardly reticulate ; petiole 4~i in- Umbellules 
 12-20-flowered, more or less puberulous, always solitary and simple ; peduncle 1 in./ 
 often shorter in the ? , compressed ; pedicels \ in. Flowers ahont ^V in. diam. Calyx- 
 lobes orbicular. Petals broadly oblong, obtuse, recurved, 4 in the 6 and connate below, 6 
 in the $ and free, shorter than the slender filaments. Jiudirnentary-ovory conical, sub- 
 tended by the obtusely 6-lobed calyx. Drupe \ in. diam., globose : stones trigonous, 
 with the back, I think, concave, whence probably Wallich's name of sulcata, but I 
 cannot well determine this point ; stigma quite sessile, lobed. — Perhaps the same as J. 
 Godajam, Colebr. Very similar in foliage to /. cymosa, Blume, but the umbellules 
 are simple, and bark of a very different colour. 
 
 Sect. V. Female flowers in branched peduncled cymes, rarely in simple 
 umbellules. Leaves quite entire in all. (T liis differs from Sect. IV. in the 
 umbellules being more broken up into cymules.) 
 
 20. 1. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4331 ; quite glabrous, leaves 4-7 in. 
 elliptic-oblong obtuse quite entire rather coriaceous, nerves beneath few 
 strong ascending, flowers in branched peduncled cymes 4-6-merous, drupe 
 small with about 8 stones. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Fen^ng, Phillips, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 ?Tenassekim, Jftlfer, and Mergui, Griffith (Kew distrib. 2012). — Distkib. Java, 
 Sumatra. 
 
Hex.] XL. iLiciNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 605 
 
 A tree about 15 ft. high {Maingay). Branches stout, bark grey; shoots quite gla- 
 brous. Leaves rigid, light brown when dry, shining above, paler beneath, with about 
 6-8 rather distant prominent ascending nerves, sparingly reticulated ; petiole short, 
 stout, ^-^ in. Cymes more or less effuse, with short subscorpioid many-flowered 
 branches ; peduncles \-% in., rather slender, glabrous or minutely puberulous ; pedicels 
 as short as the flowers, sometimes umbellulate. Calyx-lobes orbicular. Petals 
 broadly oblong, obtuse, rather shorter than the stamens ; of the ^ 4-6, united at the 
 base, of ? often 6, unequal and free. Stamens inserted on the corolla in the (J, hypo- 
 gynous in the ? . Drujpe of two forms ; one perfect, globose, | in. diara., with a sessile 
 stigma and 6-8 much compressed acutely 3-gonous stones ; the other (imperfect) 
 smaller, with a distinct but very short style and empty cells. — The Tenasserim speci- 
 mens doubtfully referred to this species have smaller very coriaceous leaves, 2-3 in., 
 •with more narrowed bases and tips, and glabrous cymes. A specimen of apparently 
 the same plant is amongst Maingay 's Malacca collections, its fruit is unknown. 
 
 21. I. Blaing-ayi, Hoohf.; quite glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. elliptic or 
 narrowly elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate very coriaceous rather glaucous 
 beneath, nerves nearly horizontal, flowers subumbellate in stout much 
 branched cymes 4-6-merous, drupe \ in. diam. with 6 stones, style distinct. 
 
 Penang, Maingay (Kew distrib. 1021). 
 
 A tree about the size of a Guava [Maingay) ; bi-anches woody, bark dark grey, shoots 
 quite glabrous. Leaves very coriaceous, dark brown opaque and subglaucous beneath 
 when dry, blacker brown and shining above, midrib stout, narrowed into a stout petiole 
 \-\ in. Cymes almost racemose, 1-2 in. long, peduncle and pedicel stout quite gla- 
 brous, black when dry. Flowers ci'owded on very short stout pedicels, ^V iH' diam. ; 
 $ cymes very short judging from the fruit. Calyx lobes orbicular, not ciliate. Petals 
 rather coriaceous, broadly oblong, in the S 4, rather shorter than the stout filaments ; in 
 the ? 6, inserted below the ovary free. Stamens inserted on the corolla in the $ , hypogy- 
 nous in the ? . Drupes on stout pedicels shorter than themselves, subtended by the 6- 
 lobed calyx, rather longer than broad ; pulp very scanty; stones trigonous, thickly coria- 
 ceous ; stigma tumid, subsessile. — Near /. macrophylla, but the nerves of the leaf are 
 more numerous and almost horizontal. 
 
 22. Z. cymosa, Blume Bijdr. 1149; branches with white bark, 
 leaves 3-5 in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate rather 
 membranous, nerves beneath very slender, flowers in lax open cymes 
 4-8-merous, drupe i in. diam. with about 8 trigonous stones, style stout 
 distinct. I. singapuriana, Wall. Cat. 6526. Prinos cymosa, Hassk. 
 Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. x. 140 ; Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 595. Leuco- 
 deris javanica. Planch, mss. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; from Tenasserim to Malacca, common. — Distrib, Sumatra, 
 Java, Borneo. 
 
 A small tree ; quite glabrous ; bark of branches snow-white, -with the epidermis 
 flaking off. Leaves usually membranous, variable in shape ; nerves few or many, 
 spreading, very slender, sometimes quite faint, palefbrown when dry, shining above, 
 narrowed into a rather stout petiole {-^ in. long. Flowers ^^ in. diam., in small cymes 
 or irregular umbellules which are collected into a spreading cymose Ion :,'-ped uncled 
 panicle; peduncle ^-H i"- 5 pedicels slender 4 in. ; ^ 4-o-merous, with equal oblong 
 obtuse spreading petals ; ? with a 5-merous calyx and 6-8 unequal small erect concave 
 petals. Calyx-hbes orbicular. Drupe ^ in. diam., rather longer than broad, grooved 
 when dry, with very little flesh, and usually 8 trigonous compressed stones ; stigma on 
 an evident stout short style. — The white bark is very conspicuous in this plant, which 
 has a more open pauicled cyme and longer style than any of its Indian congeners. 
 
 23. X. Wallichii, LTook. f. ; branches with white bark, leaves 4-5 in. 
 elliptic or elliptic-ovate obtuse quite entire thinly coriaceous, drupe ^ in. 
 diam. with about 12 compressed stones, stigma sessile. Ilicinea?, Wall. 
 Cat. 9012. 
 
606 XL. iLiciNEiE. {i. D. Hooker.) [Hex. 
 
 Texasserim ; at Tavoy, Gomez. 
 
 Branches woody ; bark as in /. cymosa, but apparently less inclined to flake. Leaves 
 brown when dry, pale beneath, with about 10 pair of very faint-spreading nerves, nar- 
 rowed into a petiole ^ in. long. 
 
 24. X. scleropliylla, Hook. f. ; leaves 5-6 in. elliptic-oblong obtuse 
 quite entire glaucous beneath thickly coriaceous, petiole short very thick, 
 cymes ? short with a very stout peduncle and pedicels. 
 
 Malacca, on Mt. Ophir, Griffith. 
 
 A very remarkable species, of which I have seen only two fragments. The leaves are 
 polished above, extraordinarily thick, narrowed into a very thick petiole .^ in. long. 
 Cyme 1 in., spj^nngly branched, branches apparently 3-flowered; pedicels \ in. 
 Flowers ? only with the corolla. Calyx of 5 short rounded ciliolate lobes. Petals 
 many, very small, unequal, free. Ovary ovoid, truncate ; stigma sessile. 
 
 UNKNOWN SPECIES. 
 
 I. DAPHNEPnTLLOiDES, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 72, from Tongloo in 
 Sikkim, is described as 10-androus and hence cannot be an Ilex. 
 
 I. A8IAT1CA, Linn. Sp. PI. 125. This is undeterminable; no specimen exists in the 
 Linnean Herbarium. 
 
 Order XLI. CELASTRINE^. (By M. A. Lawson, F.L.S.) 
 
 Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing. Branches sometimes spinescent. 
 Leaves opposite or alternate, usually coriaceous, simple, petioled, rarely 
 subsessile ; stipules caducous orO. i^/o?i;£>/-s hermaphrodite or polygamous, 
 usually cymose. Calyx small, 4-r)-l()bed, imbricate, persistent. Petals 
 4-5. rarely 0, inserted below the disk or continu(ms with its margin, 
 imbricate. Stamens 3-5, rarely 2, filaments subulate or flattened ; anthers 
 2-celled. Di^k usually conspicuous, pulvinate or flattened, lobed or entire, 
 rarely 0. Ovary sessile, the disk tree at the base or confluent with it, 
 3-5-ceUed ; style short or 0, stigma triangular rarely 3-partite ; ovules 2 in 
 each cell, anatropous, erect, rarely 1 and pendulous, or many ascending 
 attached to the axis • raphe in those ascending ventral, in those which are 
 pendulous dorsal. Fruit capsular, baccate, drupaceous or samaroid. Se(^d 
 arillate rarely exarillate, sometimes winged, albumen fleshy or ; embryo 
 usually large, cotyledons foliaceous flat. — Distkib. Species about 400, 
 scattered over the tropical aud temperate regions of the whole world. 
 
 Tktbe T. Celastreee. Stamens 4 or 5, rarely more, inserted on or 
 beneath the margm of the conspicuous disk ; filaments subulate, often 
 incurved. Seed {Kokoona excepted) albuminous. 
 
 SuBTRiBE I. EuoNYME^. Leaves opposite (rarely alternate in Loplio- 
 petalum). 
 
 * Fruit a capsule, dehiscent. 
 
 a. Ovules 1-2 in the axis of each cell. 
 
 Petals free, efoveolate. Ovules 2 in each 1. Euonymus. 
 
 Petals free, 2-foveolate. Ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous . . 2. f Jlyptopetalcm. 
 Petals connate, efoveolate, rarely 0. Ovules 2 in each cell . 3. Micuotkopis. 
 
 b. Ovules 4 or more in each cell. 
 
 Ovary 3-4-celled, Seeds arillate, rarely winged, albuminous . 4. Lophopetalum. 
 Ovary 3-celled. Seeds exarillate, winged, exalbuminous . . 5. Kokoona, 
 
xLi. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 607 
 
 ** Fruit indehiscent. 
 
 Ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit coriaceous, 1-2-celled . , . 6. Pleubostylia. ' 
 
 SuBTRiBE n. Celastee^e. Leaves alternate. Ovules 2 in each cell, 
 erect. Fruit dehiscent. 
 
 Ovary free. Seeds arillate. Shrubs, usually scandent ; flowers 
 
 paniculate or racemose ^ . . . 1. Celastrus. 
 
 Ovary confluent with the disk. Erect shrubs or trees, often 
 
 spinose ; flowers cymose 8. Gymnospoeia. 
 
 Ovary free, surmounted by a tuft of hairs, styles 2. Flowers 
 
 in simple or panicled racemes 9. Kurrimia. 
 
 SuBTRTBE III. El^odendre^. Leavcs opposite or subopposite. Fruit a 
 dry or pulpy drupe. 
 
 Ovary confluent with the disk, flowers cymose. Seeds exaril- 
 late 10. El^odendron. 
 
 Tribe II. HippocrateaD. Stamens 3, rarely 2, 4 or 5, inserted on the 
 face of the disk. Filaments flattened, sometimes adnate to the ovary, re- 
 curved and causing the anthers when dehiscing to become extrorse. Seed 
 exalbuminous. — Leaves opposite except in Si^yhonodon. 
 
 Fruit flattened, dehiscent. Seeds winged. Scandent shrubs ; 
 
 leaves opposite 11, Hippocratea. 
 
 Fruit a berry. Seeds not winged. Erect shrubs ; leaves op- 
 posite 12. Salacia. 
 
 Fruit indehiscent. Seeds not winged ; leaves alternate . .13. Sipuonodon. 
 
 1. EUONVMVS, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, erect rarely scandent, glabrous. Leaves petioled, rarely 
 subsessile ; stipules caducous. Calyx 4-5-fid, spreading or recurved. 
 Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the disk ; anthers broad, 2-celled. 
 Disk large, fleshy, 4-5-lobed. Ovary sunk in t^e disk, 3-5-celled ; style 
 short or 0, stigma 3-5-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, attached to the inner 
 angle, ascending and suspended. Capsule 3-5-celled, 3-5-lobed, angled or 
 winged, coriaceous, rarely echinate; cells 1-2-seeded, loculicidal. Seeds 
 covered by the aril, albuminous.— Disteib. Species about 40 ; natives of the 
 mountainous regions of Tropical Asia and the Malayan Archipelago, a few 
 also scattered over Europe and North America. 
 
 Sect. I. Peduncles 1-3-flowered. 
 
 * Flowers usimlly b-^ierous. Petals fimbriate. 
 
 1. E. javanicus, Blume Bijdr. 1146; peduncles l-flowered fascicled. 
 Benn. PL Jav. liar. 130, t. 28. E. sumatranus, Aliq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Su2iX>l. i. 
 512. E. sphoerocarpus, Hassh. Cat. PL Hort. Bog. 229. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; from Tenasserim to Penang and Malacca. — Distrib. Sumatra, 
 Java, 
 
 A tree 30-40 ft. Leaves 4-6 by l\-2\ in., thick and coriaceous, oblong, elliptic or 
 elliptic-obloiig, acute or subacuminate, entire or obscurely crenate-serrate towards the 
 apex. Peduncles f-lf in., terete. Petals oblong, about \ in. Fruit f in., obovate- 
 clavate. — E. sumatranus, Miq., has fruit 1 in. or more long, but in all other respects it 
 resembles E. javanicus. 
 
608 XL I. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Eaonymus, 
 
 2. E. Indicus, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 409 : peduncles 
 1-3-flowered solitary or geminate. Wall. Cat. 4290; W. d' A. Frodr. 160. 
 E. Goughii, JVight III. i. 178 ; Ic. t. 215 ; Dalz. <jc Gibs. Bmnh. Fl '47 j Bedd, 
 Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiii. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; on the Ghats from the Concan southward, 
 A shrub or small tree. Leaves 3-4 by y\-2\ ip., subcoriaceous, ovate or lanceolate- 
 oblong, entire or obscurely serrate at the apex. Peduncles \-2 in., cylinclric, stoutish. 
 Petals nearly orbicular, about J in., rust-coloured. Fruit | in., obovoid-clavate. 
 
 ** Flowers visually b-mermcs. Petals entire. 
 
 3. IS. revolutus, Wight III. i. 178; leaves 1^-2 by |-1| in. ovate or 
 roundish to obovate very coriaceous margins revolute, peduncles 1-3- 
 flowered usually geminate, petals \ in. orbicular flat. Thwaites Enum. 73 ; 
 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiv. 
 
 Ceylon ; at Newera EUia, ascending to 6000 ft. 
 
 A small glabrous tree with subquadrangnhir shoots. Leaves rounded at the apex, 
 entire or obscurely serrate at the apex. Peduncles J-1 in. cylindrical. Flowers bright 
 red. Fruit ^ in., turbinate. 
 
 4. S. crenulatus, Wall Cat. 4297 ; leaves 2-3 by 1-1 ^ in. elliptic-oblong 
 to subovate coriaceous margins revolute, peduncles 3- or more-flowered, soli- 
 tary, petals i in. orbicular flat. W. d' A. Frodr. 161 ; Wight Ic. t. 973; 
 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. cxliv. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri hills, Wlaht, d;c. 
 
 A small glabrous tree; young branches slightly compressed. Zfayf* crenulate-serrate 
 towards the apex. Peduncles 1 or more in., compressed, usually 3-flowered, but some- 
 times twice divided and 7-flowered. Petals nist-coloured. Fruit ^ in., turbinate. — Very 
 nearly allied to the last species, of which it may prove to be a variety. 
 
 5. S. Thwaitesil, Laws. ; leaves 1 1 by f in. broadly lanceolate subovate 
 acute or blandly subacuminate subcoriaceous margins flat or wrinkled, 
 peduncles 1 in. filiform solitary 3-flowered, petals ^ in. orbicular with un- 
 dulate margins. 
 
 Ceylon; alt. 2000 ft., Walker, Thwaites. 
 
 A small tree with twiggy branchleis and rough dark bark. Leaves entire. 
 Fruit J in., obovoid, clavate. 
 
 6. E. Walkeri, Wight III. i. 178 ; leaves U-4 by ^-U in. lanceolate to 
 ovate or acuminate subcoriaceous margins flat, peduncles 1 -flowered sessile 
 or in subsessile cymes |-| in. in the axils of the upper leaves, petals 3^3 in. 
 orbicular with undulate margins. Thwaites Enum. 73; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 
 Anal. Gen. Ixiv. E. zeylanicus, Mooii Cat. 17. 
 
 Ceylon ; ascending to 3000 ft. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves crenate-serrate towards the apex, Pedimcles slender. 
 Flowers almost sessile, exceedingly small. Fruit turbinate. — Small-leaved specimens 
 of this species closely resemble; E. dichotomous, and it is possible that Wight in de- 
 scribing the inflorescence as dichotomously branched may have confounded the two. 
 
 *** Flowers Armerous. 
 
 7. E. ^randiflorus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 404 ; Cat. 
 4282; Tt7d. Fl. Nej}. 41, t. 30; Fl. As. Rar. iii. 35, t. 254; peduncles 
 2-3 in. slender. E. lacerus. Ham. in Don Prodr. 191 ; DC. Frodr. ii. 5. 
 Lophopetalum graudiflorum, Arn,. in Ann. JSiat. Hist, iil 151. L, luciduui, 
 Wight mss. 
 
 Western Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 3000 ft. to Xepal. Khasia 
 Mts., alt, 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
Eumiymus.l xlt. celastrine^. (M. A. Lawson.) 609 
 
 A small branching tree, 12 ft. Leaves 3-4 in., obovate to obovate-oblong, rounded 
 finely and acutely serrate at the apex, shining and dark green above, pale beneath, 
 almost black when dry. Peduncles 3 in., slender, 3-flowered. Flowers f in. across. 
 Petals white, nearly orbicular. Fruit \ in., globose with 4 rounded angles yellow. 
 /SieecZs black, shining, with a scarlet aril. — A very elegant plant both in flower and 
 fruit. 
 
 Var. Leaves 1^ by ^ in., oblong-lanceolate, flowers smaller — perhaps a distinct 
 species. Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 8. E. calocarpus, Xurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 299 ; 
 peduncles 1 in. or less stout. 
 
 Teis-asserim, Heifer. 
 
 A shrub ? with glabrous terete branches. Leaves 4-6 by 2|-3 in., elliptic or elliptic- 
 oblong, acute or subacuminate, entire, subcoriaceous, green above, pale beneath. Flowers? 
 Caj[)8ule the size of a cherry, globose, obscurely 4-lobed. Seed 1 in each cell, aril 
 • red. — Closely resembling a Microtropis in the texture and colour of its leaves. 
 
 Sect. II. Flowers in 7- or more-flowered dichotomous cymes. (See 4. 
 E. crenulatus.) 
 
 * Flowers usually 6-7nerous. 
 t Branches cylindric. 
 
 9. E. dichotomus, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 410; 
 leaves 1^2 in. lanceolate margins entire undulate, peduncles very slen- 
 der, flowers very small. Wall. (Jat. 4289 ; W. <h A. Prodr. 160; Thwaites 
 Enum. 73; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiii. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Courtallam, Heyne. Ceylon, banks of streams at Galagama, 
 Thwaites. 
 
 A small tree with twiggy branchlets. Cymes nearly as long as the leaves, exceed- 
 ingly slender, but firm. Petals ^V i^«i orbicular, entire, flat. Fruit obconical. 
 
 10. E. g-laber, Boxb. Fl. Ind. i. '628 ; leaves smooth elliptic-oblong 
 the upper half obtusely serrate, flowers white. Wall. Cat. 4281. ? E. ser- 
 rulata. Wall. Cat. 4296. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, Griffith; ?Tavoy, Wall. 
 
 A small tree with smooth shining dark-brown bark. Leaves 2^ by 1-2J in., dark- 
 green above, paler beneath. Peduncles stoutish, 1-2 1 in. Petals J in., orbicular, 
 margins slightly undulate. Fruit f 
 
 Var. Leaves 3-5 in. oblong-elliptic quite entire. — Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 . 11. B. serratifolius, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiv. ; Ic. PI. Ind. 
 Or. 37, t. clxxi. ; leaves smooth lanceolate sharply and prominently 
 serrate. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; slopes of the Nilghiris, at Carcom Ghat, alt. 3000 ft.. Bed- 
 dome. 
 
 Leaves 3^-4 by f-l^ in., narrow to broad lanceolate, tapering at the apex to a short 
 obtuse point. Petals ^ in., orbicular, subcordate at the. base, crenulate. Fruit glo- 
 bose, with 5 rounded lobes. — Apparently closely allied to E. 2}aniculatus, from which 
 it differs chiefly in its longer narrowed and more sharply serrate leaves. 
 
 12. E. paniculatus, lib. Wight; leaves 3^ by 1| in. smooth elliptic 
 crenate-serrate membranous, flowers purplish. E. crenulata var. laxiflora, 
 Wight Ic. i. 214. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; on the Shivagherry hills, Wight. 
 
 Cymes lax and divaricating, 2^-4 in. Petals orbicular, entire, |^in. across. Fruit f 
 VOL. I. BE 
 
610 XLi. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. LawsoD.) [Evonymus. 
 
 13. E. attenuatus, Wall. Cat. 4298 ; leaves 3^ by f-lf in. smooth 
 lanceolate-acuminate quite entire very coriaceous. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft., WaUich, &c. 
 
 A small tree ? Cymes much shorter than the leaves, about 7-flowered. Peduncles 
 stoutish, flattened, erect. FetaU \ in., shortly clawed, nearly orbicular, fimbriate. 
 Fruit obovoid, 4-angled. 
 
 14. B. timorensis, Zij)p. ? ex Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 447 ; 
 leaves smooth 4-6 by 2-2^ in. elliptic-oblong rounded or subacute at the 
 apex faintly serrate. 
 
 Tenasserim or Andaman Islds,, Heifer, Pegu, Kurz. — Distbib. Timor and Philip- 
 pine Islds. 
 
 A tree ? Cymes as long or nearly as long as the leaves ; peduncles stouter than in 
 the last species, flattened, erect. Petals not clawed, orbicular, fimbriate. Fruit f 
 
 15. E. tingrens, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 406 ; Cat 
 4283; Brand. For. Fl. 79; leaves thick coriaceous rugose above ovate- 
 lanceolate sharply-serrate. 
 
 Wehtehn Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich; to Simla, 
 Orifith. 
 
 A tree 16-20 ft. Leaves 1 4-3 in. by §-1 in., lucid, dark-green above, very pale 
 beneath. Peduncles compressed. Petals shortly clawed, nearly orbicular, coarsely 
 crenulate, ^ in., yellowish with purple veins. Fruit 4 in., nearly round, 4-5-angled. — 
 The flowers of this species are sometimes tetramerous. 
 
 ft Brandies acutely quadrangular. 
 
 16. E. an^ulatuB, Wight Ic. t. 1053 ; Bedd. Fl. Syh. Anal. Gen. Ixiv. 
 E. acutangulus, Wight III. 178. E. pterocladus, llohenacker PI. Ind. Or. 
 E. glaucus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, pt. ii. 599. 
 
 Wes'tern Peninsula, Nilghiri hills, Wight, &c. 
 
 A small tree, young stems acutely 4-angled or -winged. Leaves 24-44 by 1-lf in., 
 dblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, with a thickened margin. 
 Flowers f Fruit narrowly obtriangular, acutely angled. 
 
 **- Flowers usually A-merous, {See 15. tingens.) 
 t Style 0. 
 
 17. E. nitidus, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. i. 483 ; leaves 
 1^2 by^-1 in. obovate-lanceolate subacuminate, fruit roundly 4-angled. 
 Benth. Fl. Hongk. 62; Seem. Bot. Voy. Her. 371, t. 83. E. punctatus, 
 Wall. Cat. 4286. 
 
 Bengal; Herh. Oriffith {probably cult.). — Distrib. Hong Kong. 
 
 Leaves entire or obscurely serrate at the apex, coriaceous, shining. Peduncles fili- 
 form, 4-1 ill-, usually twice divided. Petals orbicular, entire, x^m. across. Fruit 4 in., 
 Bubglobose. — This is perhaps an introduced plant in Bengal. 
 
 18. E. bullatus, Wall. Cat. 4299; leaves 4-10 by 2|-4 in. ovate 
 acute, fruit 4-angled. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1749. Enonymus sp., Wall. Cat. 
 7473. 
 
 Khasia Mts. ; alt, 3-4000 ft., Wallich, &c. 
 
 A tree ? ynung branches terete or sligb'^ly flattened, thick and coarse. Leaves thick, 
 entire, or faintly serrate at the apex, buliate above, nerves very prominent beneath. 
 Peduncles many times divided. Flowers very numerous. Petals jV in., nearly orbi- 
 cular, crenulate. Fruit 4-lobed, roundish, often only 1-3-seeded. 
 
Etwnymus.'] XLi. celastrine^. (M. A. Lawson.) 611 
 
 19. B. fimbriatus, Wall, in Roxh. Ft. hid, ed. Carey, ii. 408 ; 
 Cat 4287 ; leaves ovate-acuminate biserrate membranous, fruit with 
 4 tapering wings. ? E. micranthus, Dori Prodr. 191. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 8-10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft., 
 J.D.H. ' » . , , 
 
 A tree? Zeaves l^-S by ^-14 in., elegantly fringed with sharp deep biserratnres, 
 dark-green. Peduncles 2-3 in.; pedicels branching subumbellately. Petals ^'m.^ 
 white, broadly ovate, entire. Fruit leathery, the pize of a cherry.— The woodcut given 
 in Paxton's. Flower Garden, ii. 55, t. 316, can hardly belong to this species; the leaves 
 resemble more those of E. pendulus or F. frigidus. 
 
 20. E. frigridus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 409 ; Cat. 4288 ; 
 adult leaves 3-5 by f-l^ in. oblong-lanceolate acuminate somewhat sharply- 
 serrate, fruit with 4 long tapering wings. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., J.D.H.; Bhotan, Griffith; Kumaon, Wcdlich. 
 
 A small tree ? young shoots succulent. Flowers very small, on weak succulent fili- 
 form peduncles and pedicels, the latter 4 in. long. Petals orbicular, entire. Fruit as 
 in the last species. 
 
 Var. Apparently a shrub, leaves 1 ft. by J in. faintly and distantly serrate. 
 
 tt Style manifest. 
 
 a. Fruit armed with spines. 
 
 21. B. cinereus, Laws. ; branches rough with minute tubercles, leaves 
 obovate, fruit f in. globose armed with pale-coloured spines. 
 
 East Bengal, Griffith. 
 
 Scandent? Branches destitute of rootlets. Leaves 2\ by 1^ in., broadly obovate, 
 rounded at the apex, serrate, pale-coloured. Flowers ? 
 
 22. E. echinatus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 410; 
 Cat. 4285 ; branches smooth radicant, leaves ovate-lanceolate, fruit \ in. 
 globose armed with dark-coloured spines. Royle III. t. 31 ; Bot. Mag. 
 2767 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cak. 165 ; Brand. For. Fl. 80. E. scandens, Graliam 
 in Jameson's Ed. New. Phil. Journ. 1827, 386. G. vagans. Wall. Cat. 4284, 
 in part. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft. 
 
 Climbing over trees and rocks, to which the stems adhere by means of dense adven- 
 titious rootlets. Leaves 1-2 by ^-1 in., serrate, dark-green above, pale beneath. 
 Peduncles mostly 3 times divided. Petals ^ in., orbicular, crenulate. Style -^ in. 
 
 b. Fruit unarmed. 
 
 23. E. vag'ans, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.' Carey, ii. 412; Ca<, 4284, 
 in part; stem climbing, leaves 1-2 by ^ in. ovate-lanceolate serrate, fruit 
 the size of a pea nearly black minutely tubercled. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; Sikkim and Nipal, Wallich, &c. 
 
 Branches smooth and never radicant. This and the smooth fruit are the only charac- 
 ters by which to distinguish this species from the last. In Bot. Mag. 54, t. 2767, Sir 
 W. Hooker suggested that it might be a variety only, and he founded this opinion on 
 the circumstance that he believed he had seen a tendency in some of the fruits of J5?. 
 vagans to become echinate. 
 
 24. E. G-riffithli, Kurzin Journ.- As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. 2, 73; stem 
 scandent acutely 4-angled or -winged^- leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in. ovate or 
 oblong-lanceolate. Hippocratea angulata, Grif. Notul. iv. 473 ; Ic. PI. 
 As. iv. t. 581, f . i. 
 
 EE2 
 
612 1. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Euoni/mus. 
 
 BiRMA ; on rocks at Loonkaram and Delvi Nempean on the north from Assam, 
 Ori^th. 
 
 Leaves sessile or subsessile, serrate, subbullate. Peduncles twice divided. Petals 
 jV in., white, orbicular, entire, shortly clawed. Style -^ in. Fruit f 
 
 25. E. thcBBfollus, Wall. Cat 4293 ; a small erect shrub, branches 
 terete, leaves 2-3 by f-l^ in. ovate or oblong-lanceolate coriaceous. 
 
 Central and Eastern Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft., /. D. H. ; 
 KuAsiA Mt8., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 Peduncles about twice divided, short, slender. Petals reddish, orbicular, entire, 
 ^ in. Style ^^ in. Fruit the size of a large pea, nearly round, obscurely 4-angled, 
 1-seeded. 
 
 28. B. pendulus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. eel. Carey, ii. 406; 
 Cat. 4280 ; a small tree with slender pendulous branchlets, leaves 4-6 in. 
 oblong or oblong-lanceolate sharply serrate coriaceous smooth and shining 
 above, petals fimbriate. Brand. For. Fl. 79. E. lucidus, Don Prodr. 191 
 ? DC. Prodr. ii. 4. E. japonicus, Willi, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 
 405 {not Tlimib.). 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; from Garwhal, Falconer, to Nipal, Wallich; East Bengal, 
 Griffith. 
 
 Branches terete. Peduncles much compressed, fascicled. Petals 4, \ in., white, 
 ovate-oblong, fimbriate. Stamem and style ^ in. Friut ^ in., obtriangular, with 4 taper- 
 ing wings.— This is quite distinct from E. japonicus, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 100, of which 
 there is a good plate in Kampf. Ic. Select, t. 8. 
 
 27. IS. Kamiltonianus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind.ed. Carey, ii. 403 ; 
 Cat. 4279 ; a slirub with terete branches, leaves 3-6 in. ovate or ovate- 
 lanceolate very finely serrate membranous, petals entire. Brand. For. Fl, 
 78, t. xvi. E. atropurpureus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 627 {non Jacq.). 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kashmir, Falconer, to Kumaon, Strach. 
 & Wint. ; Khasia Mth., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. 
 
 Peduncles about 7-flowei-ed. Petals ^ in., cordate-lanceolate with revolute margins. 
 Stamens and style ^ in. Fruit turbinate, 4-lobed. 
 
 2. GI.YPTOPETA1.UM, Thwaites. 
 
 Erect shrubs or small trees, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioled, ex- 
 stipulate. Cymes 3- or more-flowered. Calyx with 4 short spreading lobes. 
 Petals 4, with 2 pit-like depressions on the upper surface. Stamens 4, in- 
 serted above the disk ; the connective dilated • anther-cells diverging. 
 Disk 4-lobed. Ovary immersed in the disk, 4-lobed, 4-celled ; style short, 
 stigma capitate ; ovules solitary and pendulous from the top of each cell. 
 Capside subglobose, coriaceous, 1-4-celled, 1-4- seeded. Seeds as in 
 Euonymus. — Disteib. Species 3. Ceylon, Southern India, and Malayan 
 peninsula. 
 
 1. G. zeylanicum, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Jonrn. viii. 268, t. vii. B ; 
 Enum. 73 ; leaves 4|-6 by 1^2^ in., cymes not half as long as the leaves. 
 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixiv. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Anamallay hills, Beddome; Ceylon, in the Central province, 
 alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. 
 
 A large shrub or tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves subconaceous or membranous, oblong or 
 oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, serrate or entire. Cymes short, robust, 2-3 times divided, 
 supra-axillary. Petals ^ in., oblong. Fi-uit the size of a small cherry, greenish, smooth; 
 pedicels 4 in-, straight. 
 
Ghjptopetalum.] XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 613 
 
 2. Cr. sclerocarpum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii 299 
 leaves 8-12 by 2-3| in., cymes not half as long as the leaves. 
 
 Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 A tree with thick coarse branches. Leaves very coriaceous, finely serrate or entire. 
 Cymes stoutish. Flowers f Fruit globose, the size of a large cherry, rough with mi- 
 nute tubercles ; pedicels 1| in., straight. 
 
 3. G. ^randiflorum, Bedd. Ic. PlTnd. Or. 21, t. 102 ; Fl. Sylv. Ami. 
 Gen. Ixv. ; peduncles longer than the leaves. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; damp forests of the Wynaad, alt. 2-2800 ft., Beddome. 
 
 Leaves subcoriaceous, 3|-5 by 14-2 in,, oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex, acute or 
 acuminate. Peduncles filiform, 3-flowered ; pedicels 1 in., arcuate. Flowers 1^ in. across. 
 Petals obovate. Fruit ? 
 
 3. IHZCROTROPXS, Wall. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioled, or subsessile exsti- 
 pulate, entire. Flowers in sessile clusters, or in peduncled cymes, axillary or 
 supra-axillary, sometimes unisexual. Sepals 6, imbricate. Petals 5, rarely 0, 
 connate at the base, erect. Stamens 5, inserted on the disk or on the tube 
 of the corolla. Disk 0, or annular. Ovary free, ovoid, perfectly or imperfectly 
 2-3-celled ; style very short ; stigma minutely 2-4-lobed ; ovules 2 in each 
 cell, collateral at the inner angle. Capside oblong, coriaceous, 1-celled, 
 2-valved, 1-seeded, surrounded at the base with the persistent calyx. 
 Seed erect, stipitate ; aril 0.— Distrib. Species 9 ; mountains of India, 
 Ceylon, the Malayan peninsula and Java. 
 
 * Flowers sessile^ clmtered on the branches. (See 4, densiflora.) 
 
 1. in. Wallichiana, Wight mss-; leaves 2^4 by 1-2 in. petioled oblong- 
 elliptic acute at both ends, flowers few small, fruit tapering at the base 
 rounded at the apex. Thwaites Enum. 71 j Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. 
 Gen. Ixv. 
 
 Ceylon ; forests of the Central province and Saffragam, alt. 2-5000 ft. 
 A middle-sized tree with slender branches. Petals jtj- in., ovate-lanceolate, narrowed 
 at the base, rounded at the apex. Fruit | in. 
 
 2. M. latifolia, Wight mss. ; leaves 4-5 by 2^3 in. petioled oblong- 
 lanceolate subacuminate, flowers large and more numerous than in the 
 last species, fruit pointed at both ends. 1 M. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 4339 
 in part. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Concan to the Nilghiris. 
 
 A small tree wnth almost black branches. Leaves pale green, very coriaceous and 
 with a thickened margin, rugulose and opaque above. Petals ^ in., subovate. Fridt | in. 
 
 3. VH. ramiflora, Wight Lc. t. 977 ; leaves subsessile 1-3^ by f-2 in. 
 broadly-elliptic or obovate rounded and slightly emarginate at the apex 
 margins revolute, flowers in dense clusters, fruit acute at the apex. 
 Thwaites Enum. 72; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixv. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri Mts., Wight. Ceylon ; common in the more elevated 
 parts of the Central Province. 
 
 A small tree with thick coarse branches. Leaves very coriaceous, rounded or sub- 
 cordate at the base, rugulose and opaque above. Petals | in., broadly obovate. Fruii 
 I in. Testa reddish brown. 
 
614 XLi. CELASTRINE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Microtropis. 
 
 ** Flowers in axillary/ or extra-axillary j^duncled di- or triclhotomous 
 cymes. 
 
 4. m. densiflora, Wight Ic. 1. 1052 ; leaves 2-2| by 1^-2 in. elliptic 
 margins revolute very coriaceous, cymes \ in. short dense. Bedd. Fl. 
 JSylv. Anal. Gen. ixv. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Nilghirl Mts., Wiglit, &c. 
 
 A large straggling shrub or small tree. Flowers sometimes almost sessile. Petals 
 ^ in., roundish-eUiptic. Fruit | in., narrowly oblong, acute at both ends. 
 
 5. nC. microcarpa, Wight Ic. t. 976 ; leaves 1-3 by ^-1^ in. elliptic- 
 or broadly-lanceolate coriaceous margins revolute, cymes 1^2 in. lax, fruit 
 oblong narrowing to the acute apex, testa light brown. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Concan and Maisor southwards ; dry jungles at 
 Kotagherry in the JSilghiris, Wight. 
 
 An erect shrub. Leaves smooth above, glaucous beneath. Cymes di-trichotomous. 
 Fetals obovate-cuneate. 
 
 6. M. ovallfolia, Wight Ic. t. 976 ; leaves 1-3 by J-li in. ovate or 
 broadly lanceolate coriaceous margins revolute, fruit ovoid subacute, testa 
 crimson. Bedd. Fl. JSylv. Anal. Gtn. Ixv. Elaeodeudron nilghirense, Wall. 
 Cat. 4409. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Nilghiri hills, Courtallam and Ootacamund, Wight, &c. 
 A somewhat diffuse shrub. Cymes tnchotoraous, 2-3 in. Petals orbicular. — Very 
 closely allied to M. microcarpa, of which it may prove to be a variety. 
 
 7. 1*1. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4337 ; leaves 3-5 by li-2| in. elliptic sub- 
 acuminate membranous flat, cymes ^-l in. compact. Am. in Ann. Nat. 
 Hid. iii. 152. Cassine discolor. Wall, in Roxb. Fl. hid. ed. Carey, ii. 
 378. Celastrinea 1 Wall Cat. 9014. Euonymus garcinifolius, Eoxb. Fl. 
 Ind. i. 628. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya; Kumaon, WaUich; Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft., (F.D.H.; 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 1-7000 ft., /. D. H. & T. T.; Tenasserim, WaUich, &c. 
 A small tree. Petals J in., elliptic, concave. Fruit 4 in., ovoid. 
 
 8. XH. blvalvls, Wall. Cat. 4340 ; leaves 4-8 by 1^-2^ in. ovate to 
 oblong-lanceolate acuminate membranous or subcoriaceous margins fiat, 
 cymes 2-4 in. di-trichotomous branches widely divaricating. Celastrus 
 bivalvis, Jack, in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 71 ; Boxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii 
 399 ; I)C. Prodr. ii. 6. Euonymus ? laeta, Wall. Cat. 4294. E. capilla- 
 ceus, Wall. Cat. 7270. E. filiformis, Wall. Cat. 4295. Paracelastrus bi- 
 valvis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 691. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; from Tenasserim to Penang, Wallich; MaXsLCCA, Maingay. — 
 DisTRiB. Sumatra, Java. 
 
 Branches slender. Peduncles extra-axillary, usually springing from the branches at 
 right angles. Petals elliptic, ^ in. Fruit elhpsoid. 
 
 4. XiOPKOFSTAIiUM, Wight. 
 
 Trees and shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite or alternate, 
 petioled, exstipulate. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes round short. Petals 5, con- 
 tinuous with the disk, persistent, the upper surface cristate or lamellate or 
 covered with fleshy villi or naked. ^Stameiis 5, inserted on the disk ; 
 anthers oblong. Disk large, entire or lobed. Ovary small, immersed in 
 
Lophopetalum.] xli. celastrtne^. (M. A. Lawson.) 615 
 
 the disk and continuous with it, trigonal or pyramidal, 3-4-celled, con- 
 tracted into a short style, stigma capitate ; ovules 4 or more in each cell, 
 in 2 series. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-angled, 3-4-celled, loculicidal. Seeds 
 few, rarely winged, arillate, albumen fleshy.— Distrib. Species 8 ; Indian 
 Malayan and Javan. 
 
 The species without fruit have been referred to this genus by liabit alone. 
 
 Sect. I. Petals crested. Disk flat, adhering to the calyx, 5-lobed ; lobes 
 continuous with the petals. 
 
 1. Zi. Wig^htianum, Am. in Ann. Nat, Hist. iii. 151 ; leaves 5-9 by 
 2-4 in., flowers | in. diam. Wight III. 178 ; Ic. t. 162 ; Walp. Rep. i. 530 ; 
 Dalz. i& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 48 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 145 ; Ft. Sylv. Anal. 
 Gen. Ixv. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. 
 
 A large tree. Leaves coriaceous. Cymes axillary or terminal, branching panicu- 
 lately several times. Petals with a membranous corrugated crest. Fruit 4 in. long, 
 3-eelled, sharply triangular. Seeds oblong, compressed. 
 
 2. Zi. fimbrlatum, Wight III. i. 178 ; leaves 4-7 by 2-3| in. ovate or 
 ovate-oblong shortly acuminate, flowers nearly \ in. diam. L. ovatum 
 Presl Botan. Bemerk. 32. L. javanum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, 
 pt. i. 545. Euonymus ovata, Wall. Gat. 4300. 
 
 SiLHET, Wallich; Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 Leaves more thin and membranous than in L. Wightianum. Flowers in axillary or 
 terminal rigid divaricating paniculate cymes. Petals with a fimbriate crest. Fruit f 
 
 Sect. II. Petals corrugated or crisped (except 6. Jloribundurn) on the 
 upper surface. Disk flat, 10-lobed, lining the calyx. 
 
 3. Zi. pallidum, Laws. ; leaves 2|-3 by 1-1:^ in. elliptic-oblong, cymes 
 1^ in. glabrous, disk faintly lobed with long fleshy hairs surrounding the 
 base of the stamens otherwise naked. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves pale ash-coloured, almost shining, 
 petiole 4-g in. Cymes axillary. Petals y\ in., broadly ovate, corrugated on the upper 
 surface. — A very distinct species, readily known by the colour of its leaves, and the 
 ring of fleshy hairs surrounding the stamens. 
 
 4. Zi. "Wallichii, ^ifwrz m Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 299; 
 leaves 6-8 by 3-3^ in. ovate-oblong rounded at the apex, cymes 6 or more 
 in. glabrous, disk faintly 10-lobed covered with fleshy warts. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Parish; Birma, Kurz. 
 
 A large glabrous tree. Leaves glaucesceiit, green and shining above, opaque beneath, 
 coriaceous ; petiole 1-1^ in. Cymes axillary and terminal, paniculate. Petals yV i^-, 
 crisped on the upper surface, whitish. Disk yellow. Capsule 4 or more by 2 in,, 
 smooth, 3-lobed, 3-valved. Seeds compressed, imbricate ; wings 2-2 § in., elliptic- 
 oblong, membranous. — The description of the fruit and seed is taken from Kurz. In a 
 letter to Dr. Hooker he would make Prismatocarpus littoralis, Wall. Cat. 6520, a 
 synonym of the above, but in this he is in error. 
 
 5. Zi. celastroides, Laws. ; leaves 2^4 by li-2| in. ovate acute or 
 rounded at the apex, cymes 6 in.-l ft. glabrous, disk very faintly lobed 
 entirely covered with minute fleshy lobulate warts. 
 
 Tenasserim at Moulmein, Griffith; Pegu, M'Clelland. 
 
 A tree?; whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves coriaceous; petiole l-l^ in. Flowers 
 in large axillary and terminal widely-divaricating paniculate cvmes. Petals -f\ in., 
 lOvate from a broad base, slightly corrugated. Fruit f — Closely allied to L. WaUichii. 
 
616 XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Lophopctalum. 
 
 6. Xi. floribundum, Wight Till 178 ; leaves 3^-6 by 1-2 in. oblong- 
 elliptic, cymes 6-8 in. puberulous, disk naked 5-angled, petals naked. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 A tree ; quite glabrous with the exception of the inflorescence. Leaves aciite, coria- 
 ceous ; petiole ^-4 in. Flowevs in diflFuse divaricating cymes. Petals yz ^^- » ovate- 
 orbicular. 
 
 Sect. IIL Petals and disk naked. Disk cupnlar with a free margin. 
 
 7. Zi. fillforme, Laws. ; branches very slender almost filiform, leaves 
 3 by li in. oblong-lanceolate subacuminate with crisped margins mem- 
 branous, petals i in. 
 
 Tenassertm, at Mergui, Chiffith. 
 
 Whole plant quit<; glabrous. Cymes axillary, very slender, shorter than the leaves, 
 subpaniculate. Flowers shortly pedicellate. Petals ovate, rounded at the apex. 
 Fruit ? — A very distinct species readily distinguished from the rest by its very slender 
 branches and crisped leaves. 
 
 8. Zi. reflexum, Laws.; branches short, leaves 2|-3 by f-lj in, 
 ovate-lanceolate acuminate withreflexcd tips coriaceous margins flat, flowers 
 very small. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Whole plant quite glabrous. I^eaves minutely pellucidly punctate. Flowers in 
 rigid divaricating paniculate cymes longer than the leaves, shortly pedicellate, yellow. 
 Fruit f — The description of the flowers is taken from Maiugay's mss. 
 
 9. Zi. dublum, Laws. ; branches stout coarse, leaves 3 by \\ in. 
 elHptic acute at both ends with a reflexed tip coriaceous margins flat, 
 petals \ in. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A tree ; whole plant quite glabrous. Flowers in stoutish erect spicate .axillary 
 cymes, shorter than the leaves, almost sessile. Petals subtriangular. Fruit ? 
 
 5. KOKOONA, Thwaites. 
 
 Branching trees with yellow or ])ale-coloured bark. Leaves opposite, 
 petioled, coriaceous. Calyx small, S-lobed. Petals 5, coriaceous, with 
 
 flandular dots. Stamens 5, inserted into the margin of the disk ; anthers 
 blong. Disk thick, glandular, obscurelv angled. Ovanj immersed in the 
 disk, 3-celled ; style short, stigma 3-lobea ; ovules 4 in each cell, in 
 2 series, adnate to tlie axis, ascending. Capsule woody, oblong, 3-gonous, 
 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 4-seeded. Seeds broadly winged above, imbricate, 
 exalbuminous.— DiSTRiB. Species 3. Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, and 
 Borneo. 
 
 A genus perhaps too closely allied to Lopliopetalum to be kept separate when the 
 fruit of more of the species of the latter genus is known. 
 
 1. K. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. v. 380, t. 6 ; Enum. 
 62 ; leaves crenate or serrate, petals naked brown with numerous minute 
 dark red glandular dots, fruit oblong. Beddoine Fl. Sylv. t. 146 ; Fl. 
 Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixv. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Amamallay hills, Beddome ; Ceylon ; banks of streams in 
 the Ambagamowa and Suffragam districts, alt. 2-4000 ft. 
 
 Leaves on young plants 6-8 in., oblong-lanceolate, subacuminate, serrate ; on adult 
 trees 24-34 in., elliptic or obovate, crenate, rounded at the apex or eraarginate, dark- 
 
Kokoona.\ XLi. celastrine^. (M. A. Lawson.) 617 
 
 gi'een above and glabrous, paler beneath and with numerous dark-red glandular dots. 
 Petals broadly ovate. Fruit 1-4 in., bluntly triangular. — An oil is expressed from the 
 seeds and used for biu-ning in lamps. Thwaites. 
 
 2. K. littoralis, Laws. ; leaves entire, petals sublamellate dotless, 
 fruit ovate-lanceolate acute. Trigonocarpus littoralis, Wall. Cat. 6520. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay; Singapore, Lobb. 
 
 A tall tree, always growing in the water. Leaves 34-4| in., elliptic, dotless. Petals 
 ovate. Fruit l|-2 in. 
 
 6. FliBUROSTVIiZA, Wight. 
 
 A glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, entire, exstipulate. 
 Cymes axillary, very short, few-fiowered. Calyx small, 4-lobed. ^ Petals 5, 
 much larger than the calyx.. Stamens 5, inserted below the disk ; con- 
 nective dilated at the back. Bisk thick, crenulate. Ovary half immersed 
 in the disk, 2-celled or more commonly by abortion 1-celled ; style short, 
 stigma broadly peltate; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit 1-2-celled, 
 coriaceous, indehiscent. Seed 1 rarely 2, erect, covered by the arillus-like 
 endocarp, albumen fleshy abundant ; cotyledons orbicular. — Distkib. 
 Species 1 or 2 ; mountains of India, Ceylon, Mauritius and Madagascar. 
 
 1. P. Wi^htii, W. & A. Prodr. 157; Wight Ic. 155; Thwaites 
 Enum. 71 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 47. P. Heynei, W. <^ A. Prodr. 157. 
 Celastrus opposita, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 398 ; Cat. 4314; 
 C. ??Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4322. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Mountains of Malabar, Nilghiris, Quilon, and Courtallam. 
 Ceylon ; in the hot dry parts of the island. — Distrib. Mauritius and Madagascar. 
 
 Leaves elliptic-oblcng to narrow oblong-lanceolate. 
 
 7. CBIiASTIlUS, Linn. 
 
 Scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled ; stipules minute and deci- 
 duous, or 0. Flowers polygamous, in terminal or axillary panicles or 
 racemes. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk broad, concave. 
 Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of the disk. Ovary not immersed in the 
 disk, 2-4-celled ; style short, stigma 3-lobed, rarely 3-fid with the segments 
 recurved ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Camide globose or obovoid, 
 1-3-celled^, 1-6-seeded. Seeds enveloped in a fleshy aril, albumen fleshy • 
 cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. Species scarcely 15, natives of tropical 
 Asia, China, Japan, Australia and North America. 
 
 I. Branches covered with pale lenticular warts. 
 
 1. C^ paniculata, Willd. S}^. PI. i. 1125 ; calyx-segments half-orbi- 
 cular, petals s in. obovate-oblong entire,-slylo acute not lobed, fruit 3-celled 
 3-6-seeded, seed I in. ovoid brown. Wall. Cat. 4310 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 621 ; 
 DC. Prodr. ii. 6; W. & A. Prodr. 158; Wight III. 179, t. 72; Ic. t. 158; 
 Brand. Far. Fl. 82 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 47 ; Thwaites Enum. 72 ; Voiat 
 Ilort. Sub. Calc. 166. C. alnifolia, Don Prodr. 190; DC. Prodr. ii. 6. C. 
 dependens, Wall. Cat. 4302; Voigt Ilwt, Sub. Calc. 166. C. multiflora, 
 Roxh. FL Ind. i. 622. C. nutans, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 623 ; Wall. Cat. 4301. 
 C. Rothiana, Roeni. d Schult. Syst. v. 423 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 8. C. Metziana, 
 Turcz. m Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, 447. Ceanothus paniculatus, Roth Nov, 
 Sp. 154. Scutia paniculata, Don Gen. Syst. ii. 34. 
 
 Tropical and Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 1-4Q00 ft., ; Panjab, and throughout 
 the hilly districts of India, ascending to 3000 ft. ; Ceylon, ascending to 2000 ft. — 
 Distrib. Malay Archipelago, and Philippine Islds. 
 
cJ18 XLi. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Cclastrus. 
 
 A scandent shrub with terete branches, the young shoots and branches pendulous. 
 Leaves 2^-5 by I5-24 in., oval oblong or ovate or obovate, acuminate, serrate, mem- 
 branous. Flowers yellowish-green, in terminal pendulous panicles. Petals ^ in., 
 oblong, — Foliage very variable. An oil for burning in lamps is expressed from the seeds. 
 
 2. C. stylosa, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ^ il 401; Cat. 4313; 
 calyx-segments ovate rounded, petals \ in. oblong with wavy margins, style 
 3-lobed, fruit 3-celled 3-C-seeded, seed j by ^ in. curved black. Yoigt Hwt. 
 Sub. Cole. 166. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich ; Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 
 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. ; ?Pegd, M'Clelland. 
 
 A scandent shrub with terete branches. Leaves 2^-4 by l|-2 in., elliptic or ovate- 
 oblong, acute or subacuminate, serrate. Floivers in short axillary or termmal irregular 
 racemose cymes. Fruit yellow, crowned by the persistent style. 
 
 II. Bixinclies destitute of lenticds. 
 
 3. C. venulosa, Wall. Cai. 4321 ; calj-x-segments half orbicular, 
 petals f in. linear-oblong with wavy margins, style acute not lobed. 
 
 SiLHET, Wallich. 
 
 A scandent shrub, with smooth pale-brown round branches, or dark brown and rather 
 rough. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in., elliptic-oblong, narrowed at the base, suddenly and 
 shortly acuminate, faintly serrate membranous, venation conspicuous but very delicate, 
 shining. Flowers in short axillary or terminal spicate cymes. Fruit ? — A single spe- 
 cimen from Silhet in the Wallichian Herbarium. Closely allied to C paniculata. 
 
 4. C. monosperma, Ttoxh. Ilort. Beng. 18; Fl. Ind. i. 625; calyx- 
 segments broadly and roundly ovate, petals jV i"- suborbicular, style 3-lobed, 
 fniit 1-celled 1-seeded, seed \ in. elliptical brown. Wall. Cat. 4311 a?i(i 7009; 
 Benth. Fl. Eomjk. 63 ; Vovjt Ilort. Snh. Calc. 166. C. Hindsii, Benth. in Hook. 
 Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 334. Catha monosperma, Bent It. in Hook. Lond. Joum. 
 Bot. i. 483. C. Benthamii, Gardn. d' Champ, in Hook. Kew Journ. i. 310. 
 
 Eastern Bengal and Assam, Wallich, Griffith, &c. — Distiub. China. 
 
 A scandent shrub with quadrangular branches. Leaven 2-4 by 1-1 f in., oblong- 
 elliptic, acuminate, sharply serrulate, coriaceous. Flowers white or greenish-yellow, 
 in short pedunculate cymes, frequently disposed in long slender axillarjr or tenuinal 
 naked or leafy racemes. Petals very finely creuate. — The whole plant drying black. 
 
 DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED BPECIES. 
 
 C. CKENULATA, WaU. Cat. 4323, is a Siam plant. 
 
 C. FiNLAVsoNiANA, WaJX. Cat. 4324, is a native of Siam. 
 
 C. LUCiDA, WaU. in Boxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 400; WaU. Cat. 4318. C. 
 Jackianus, Steud. Nomenc. 314 (capsules many-seeded). 
 
 C. MiCKANTHA, Boxh. Fl. Lid. i. 625 (leaves pinnate). A native of the Moluccas. 
 
 C. PAUciFLORA, WaU. in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 400 (ovary 1-celled, pla- 
 centa parietal). 
 
 C. RACEMOSA, WaU. Cat. 4320, without flowers or fruit is indeterminable. 
 
 C.TiUGYHA, Lam.; Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 624 ; Wall. Cat. 4315. C. obtusifoHa, ^oa:&. 
 Fl. Lid. i. 625, is a native of the Mauritius, not of the Moluccas as stated by Roxburgh 
 under trigijna. 
 
 C. VERTiciLLATA, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 624, is Pittosporum floribundum, W. & A, 
 
 8. GVBXNOSPOZIZA, W. & A. 
 
 Shrubs or small trees, branches often spinescent. Leaves alternate, 
 exstipulate. Flowers in small dichotomous cymes. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Petals 
 4-5, spreading. Stamens 4-5, inserted underneath the disk. Disk broad. 
 
Gymnosporia.] XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 619 
 
 sinuate or lobed. Ovary attached by a broad base, or immersed in the 
 disk, 2-3-celled ; style short, 2-3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule 
 obovoid, or nearly globose. Seeds 1-2 in each cell, aril completely or par- 
 tially covering the seed, or 0, albumen fleshy; cotyledons foliaceous.— 
 DiSTKiB. Species 60, natives of the hotter parts of the whole world. 
 
 * Branches unarmed. 
 
 1. G-. acuminata, Ilooh. f. ; leaves 5-8 by 2-3| in. ovate-oblong 
 acuminate serrate membranous glabrous. Celastrus oxyphylla, Wall. 
 Cat. 4312. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 2-5000 ft., J.D.H. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. ; Eastern 
 Peninsula and Birma, Griffith. — Distrib. Yunan. 
 
 A shrub with somewhat slender branches. Flowers in very delicate fasciculate 
 dichotomous cymes ^-1 in. long. Petals -^ in., oblong-elliptic, reddish. Fruit ^-i in., 
 roundly obcordate, somewhat compressed, 2-celled, 2-seeded, black. 
 
 2. G. ne^lecta, Wall. Oat. 4341 (vMcler Celastrus) ; leaves 4-6 by 2-2^ in. 
 ovate-elliptic acute or subacuminate entire or very faintly serrate towards 
 the apex very coriaceous glabrous. C. 1 attenuata. Wall. Cat. 431 9. 1 Bseo- 
 botrys acuminata. Wall. Cai. 2321. 
 
 NiPAL and Silhet, Wallich. 
 
 A shrub ? with thick stout branches. Flowers \-\ in. long, in very delicate di- 
 chotomous cymes. Petals as in Q. acuminata. Fruit nearly globose, about 5 in., 
 , light yellow, 3-celled, 1-3-seeded. 
 
 3. S. salicifolla, Laws. ; leaves 3-4 by i-| in. narrowly lanceolate 
 serrate glabrous. 
 
 Assam, Simons. 
 
 A shrub ? with erect slender dark-coloured branches. Flowers in slender di-tricho- 
 tomous cymes 1-2| in. long. Petals ^-^ in., suboval, concave, pinkish-white. Fruit? 
 
 4. G-. oblanceolata, Laws.; leaves 3-4 by |-f in. oblanceolate 
 tapering into*the petiole serrate in the upper half coriaceous glabrous, mar- 
 gins revolute in the lower half. 
 
 Birma, Griffith. 
 
 A tortuous "shrub with smooth blackish branches. Flowers in delicate trlchotomous 
 cymes i-I in. long. Fruit ? 
 
 6. €t. puberula, Laws. : leaves 2-2^ by li-l^ in. broadly obovate 
 subacuminate serrate-creuate membranous puberulous on the nerves 
 beneath. 
 
 Bombay, Law. 
 
 A shrub with stout branches, young branches and peduncles puberulous. Flowers 
 in slender dichotomous cymes 2-3 in. long, which are axillary or fascicled at the ends 
 of short branches. Fruit obovate, ^ in. ? 
 
 6. G-. fruticosa, Thwaites Enum. 72 {under Catha) ; leaves f-li by 
 ■|-| in. oblong-spathulate crenate-serrate glabrous. 
 
 Ceylon ; Central province, &c., Thwaites. 
 
 A shrub, 8-10 ft. ; young branches angular. Flowers in corymbose cymes shorter 
 than the leaves ; pedicels \ in., filiform. Fruit ^-|- in., turbinate, reddish brown, with 
 faint transverse striae, 3-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds red, shining, aril small, whitish. 
 — Very hke some of the unarmed forms of G. montaria, but it may be known from 
 them by the slender filiform pedicels and the colour of the capsules. 
 
 7. G-. ovata, Walt. Cat 4308 {under Celastrus) ; leaves l|-3 by li-lf in. 
 roundly ovate or subovate serrate coriaceous glabrous. W. ^ A. Prodr. 159. 
 Catha ovata, Walp. Rep. i. 532. 
 
620 XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Gymnosporia, 
 
 Western Peninsula; Nilghiri Mts., Koton, &c. 
 
 A shrub, drying blackish. Flowers small, in fasciculate sessile dichotomous cymes 
 ^-l J in. Fruit broadly obovate, ^ in., drying black, 3-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. 
 
 Var. ; stems more slender and straight, leaves oblong narrowed below rounded at 
 the apex not turning blackish when dried. — Malabar, Wight. 
 
 8. G-. Rothlana, W. S A. Prodr. 159 (Celastnis) ; leaves 3-4 by l|-2 in. 
 elliptic or obovate subcuneate at the base coriaceous glabrous. Dalz. cb 
 Gibs. BcMih.Fl. 47. C. serrulata, Roth Nov. Sj^ 155 in part. C. "Wallichiana, 
 Wall. Cat. 4304, c in part. Catha Kothiana, Walp. Rep. i. 632. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; the Concan and Canara, Reyne, &c. 
 
 Branches thick and coarse, sometimes armed. Leaves crenulate. Flowers in cymes 
 so reduced that they become sessile and clustered. Fruit obovate, A in., 3-celled ; cells 
 3-8eeded. 
 
 ■**■ Branches armed ; spines naked. {See 8. G. Kothiana.) 
 
 9. G-. rugrulosa, Laws.; leaves 6 by 2^ in. oblong subacuminate, 
 fruit -^ in. solitary on pedicels f in. obovoid transversely wrinkled. 
 
 MisHMi Hill.'', Griffith. 
 
 A tree ? branches with smooth bark, very sparingly armed ; spines very short. Leaves 
 faintly serrate, coriaceous. Flowers f Fruit 3-celled ; cells l-seeded. 
 
 10. G". Kejrneana, W. <k A. Prodr. 159 (Celastrus); leaves 3-4 by 
 l|-2i in. elliptic crenate-serrate, fniiting cymes 3 in. dicliotomous, capsule 
 obovoid 3- in. smooth. Celastrus Heyneana, Roth in Roeni. d' Schidt. Syst. v. 
 421 in jxirt ; DC. Prodr. ii. 7. C. serrulata, Roth Nov. Sp. 165 in part. 
 C. Wallichiana, Spreng. in Wall. Cai. 4304 c in part. Catha Heyneana, 
 Walp. Rep. i. 532. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Ileyne; Pulney Mts., 'ir/^/if. 
 
 A tree? branches with smooth blackish bark, spines straight, \ in. Flowers ia 
 axillary dichotomous cymes 2-3 in. Petals broadly ovate, | in. Fnut turbinate, 
 3-celled, cells l-2-8eeded, drying blackish. 
 
 11. G. Falconer!, Laws. ; leaves 2^ bv \\ in. obovate or subelliptic 
 serrate scabrous above pubescent beneath, fruit \ in. diam. solitary, 
 on short peduncles or in small dichotomous cymes ^| in. long globose 
 smooth 3-celled 1-2-seeded. 
 
 North-West India, Ilerh. Falconer. 
 
 A tree ? branches thickish, sparingly armed ; spines 4 in> Flowers ? — Known from 
 all the other Gymnosporioi by its pubescent leaves. 
 
 12. G. rufa, WaU. in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carep, ii. 397 (Celastrus); 
 leaves 3-5 by 1-1 1 in. lanceolate acuminate serrate subcoriaceous glabrous, 
 cymes 1-2 in. capillary dicliotomous fascicled, fruit J—? in. obtriangular 
 3-celled, cells l-seeded, Celastrus rufa. Cat. 4309 ; Brand. For. Fl. 80. 
 Catha rufa, Don Gen. JSysi. ii. 10; Wal]^. Rep. i. 632. 
 
 Subtropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 2-5000 ft., to Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 
 3-6000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 2 -4800 ft. 
 
 A large branching tree, with slender sparingly-armed branches; spines slender, 
 4-1 in. Leaves green above, pale beneath. Flowers small. Petals iV in- Fruit pale- 
 yellow inside. Seeds black. 
 
 13. G. Xloyleana, Wall. Cat 4317 (Celastrus); leaves |-lf by ^1 in. 
 ovate to obovate glabrous, cymes dichotomous shorter than the leaves, 
 fruit turbinate i-^ in. diam. 3-celled, cells l-seeded. C. spinosus, Royle 
 lU. 167; Boiss. Fl. Orient, il 11 ; Braiid. For. Fl. 80. 
 
Gymnosporia.] XLi. celastrineje. (M. A. Lawson.) 621 
 
 Western Himalaya; in Kumaon andGarwhal, alt. 1-4500 ft. PConcan, Stocks. — 
 DiSTRiB. Affghanistan. 
 
 A shrub with very thorny straight or slightly zigzag branches ; spines slender, 
 ^-1 in. Leaves serrate. Petals \-^ in., white, oblong-ovate. 
 
 ** Branches armed. Spines hearing leaves and flowers. 
 
 ^ 14. G-. VTallichiana, Spreng. Syst. 5, Index 150 {under Celastras 
 rigicla) ; leaves 1-1| by |-1 in. obovate crenate, fruit turbinate | in. 
 Celastrus Wallichiana, W. & A. Prodr. 159 ; Wall. Cat. 4304. C. rigida, 
 
 Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 396. C. buxifolia, Roxh, Hort. Beng. 
 18. Catha Wallichii, Don Gen. Syst. ii. 10 ; Walp. Rep. i. 532. 
 
 Pat.-jab, at Peshawur, Falconer; Western Peninsula; Courtallam, Wight; Maisor, 
 G. Thomson ;^ Eastern Bengal, JJerJ. Griffith. 
 
 A shrub with zigzag branches, profusely armed with stout spines 1-3 in. long. 
 L?.aves coriaceous, glabrous. Cymes shorter than the leaves, axillary and on the spines. 
 Fruit somewhat inflated, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded, 
 
 15. _ G". exnarg-inata, Roth Nov. Sp. 155 (Celastms) ; leaves 1-?.^ by 
 i-l] in. obovate-cimeate entire, flowers fascicled in'the axis of the leaves 
 ar.d on the spines, fruit turbinate \ in. C. emarginata, W. <i' A. Prodr. 160 ; 
 DC. Prodr. ii. 8 ; Wall. Celt. 4305 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 620 ; Grah. Cat. Bomh. 
 PL 39 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 166. Catha emarginata, Dcm Gen. Syst. ii. 9 ; 
 Thwaites Enum. 72; Walp. Rep. i. 532. 
 
 Western Peninsula, >S'7m^er/ Concan,'^ G^ra^am; Anamallay hills, Wight. Ceylon, 
 in hot dry parts of the Island. 
 
 A shrub with stout zigzag branches, profusely armed with spines 1-2^ in. long. 
 Leaves sometimes broadly ovate, emarginate, very coriaceous. Flowers on slender deli- 
 cate pedicels ^ in. long. Fruit 3-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 16. G-. montana, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i 620 (Celastrus) ; leaves 1-3 by ^2 in. 
 linear obovate to orbictilar-obovate crenulate, cymes rigid divaricating 
 shorter than the leaves, fruit globose ^ in. black 1-3-celled, cells 1-seeded. 
 Celastrus montana, W. d- A. Prodr. 159 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 381 ; Wall 
 Cat. 4306 ; Wight Ic. 382; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 166 ; Roth Nov. Sp. 154; 
 DC. Prodr. ii. 9 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. Ixvi. ; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. 
 Fl. 48. C. pallida, Wall. ■ Cat, 4307 ; Voigt HoH. Sub. Calc. 167. C. cre- 
 natus, Roth Nov. Sp. 156, not of Forst. ? C. senegalensis, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. 
 ii. 8; Boiss. Fl. Or. il 11 ; Brand, For. Fl. 81. Catha montana, G. D<yn 
 Gen. Syst. ii. 10. 
 
 Throughout the drier parts of Central, South-Western, and North- Western 
 India. — Distrib. AfiFghanistan ; Central Africa ; Malay Archipelago ; Australia. 
 
 Branches straight, or only slightly zigzag, profusely armed, rarely unarmed. Cymes 
 axillary or borne on the spines, forking many times. Cajysules numerous, with the size 
 and look of a pepper corn. — Although the extreme form's of this species are very dis- 
 tinct, it is impossible to find characters to limit them. Celastrus fnontana, Koxb., com- 
 prises those forms which have the branches less profusely armed, and the leaves larger 
 and broader; 0. senegalensis, Lam., those in which the stems are more robust, and 
 profusely armed, and the leaves smaller and narrower. C. pallida, Wall., may prove 
 to be a distinct species. De Candolle regards Roxburgh's and Eoth's montana as 
 different species, but I follow Wight and Arnott in uniting them. 
 
 9.- XLURRIIMEZA, Wall. 
 
 Trees, usually quite glabrous, young branches tipped with the deciduous 
 stipules. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, towards the ends of the 
 branches, coriaceous, entire, shining, penninerved; petiole slender. 
 
622 XLI. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [KurriTnia, 
 
 Flowers in simple or paniculately disposed racemes. Ca/i/x 5-fid or-lobed, 
 recurved. Petals 5^ inserted under the margin of the disk, spreading or 
 recurved. Stamens inserted with the petals. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Ovary 
 free, glabrous or puberulous at the base, crowned at the top with a tuft of 
 hairs ; styles 2 filiform, stigmas small capitate ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. 
 Capsule entire or 2-lobed, 1-2-celled, dehiscing slowly with 2 valves, 1-2- 
 seeded. Seeds erect, completely or partially covered by a fleshy aril, 
 albumen abundant fleshy; cotyledons linear- oblong. — JJistrib. India, 
 Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula. 
 
 * Flowers in simple spikes, 
 
 1. K. pulcherrima, Wall. Cat. 4334 ; petals elliptic-oblong ^ in., disk 
 slightly puberulous forming a shallow crenate cup round the glabrous base 
 of the ovary, fruit narrowly oblong. K. calophylla. Wall. Cat. 4335. K. 
 robusta, Kiirz mss. Rhesa Moja, Ham. mss. ex Am. in Ed. Phil. Joimt xvi. 
 315 ; Walp. Eej). i. 538. Celastrus robustus, Rosch. Fl. Ind. i. 626. Nothoc- 
 nestis sumatrana, Mi/j. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suj^pl. i. 531. 
 
 The KnAsiA Mrs., SrLnET and Citittaoono ; ascending to 3000ft. ; Birma, Griffith; 
 Tenasserim, Heifer; Singapore, FTo/iic^.— Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, glossy above. 
 Spikes glabrous. Fruit 1^-2 in., the apex often produced into a beak, *1 -celled, 
 
 2. XL. Maingrayl, Laws. ; petals ■^^y in. linear-oblong, disk pubemlous 
 forming a crenate cup round the puberulous ovary, fruit broadly oblong 
 acute. 
 
 Singapore, Maingay. 
 
 A tree. Leaves 5-9 by 3J-4in., elliptic-oblong. SjnJces glaucous. Fruit 1-1 4 in. — 
 Closely allied to the last species, of which it may prove to be a variety. 
 
 ** Flowers in panicled spikes or racemes. 
 
 3. K. panlculata, TFrt//. Cflf^. 4336 ; fruit f in. unequally 2-lobed, lobes 
 diverging. Fihesa paniculata. Am. in Ed. Phil. Journ. xvi 315; Walj). 
 lie}!, i. 538. Trochisandra indica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 120 ; Fl. Sylv. Anal. 
 Gen. Ixvii. Pyrospermum calophyllum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Siqypl. i. 402. 
 
 Penang, Wallich, &c. ; Singapore, Maingay ; abundant in Anamallay Hills, Bed- 
 dome — DisTRiB. Sumatra. 
 
 A tree. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 6-12 by 2-3 in. Flmoers shortly pedicellate, in 
 stoutish paniculate racemes. Petals obovate-oblong, flat. Dish lobed, glabrous. Ovary 
 glabrous beneath the tuft of hairs. Fruit with the smaller lobe abortive, the larger 
 1-seeded. — I have seen no specimen of Beddome's TrocJdsandra indica, but from his 
 description and figure I am not able to distinguish it from the above. 
 
 4. K. blpartlta, Laws. ; fruit \\ in. divided nearly to the base into 
 
 2 equal nearly parallel lobes. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Shivagherry hills, Might. 
 
 Xeares 3-8 by 1 1 -3 in., elliptic-oblong. Prt?i^c/es stoutish. Flowers'? Fndt-lohes 
 narrowly oblong, rounded at the apex, black, 1-seeded. Seed not half covered by the aril. 
 
 5. XL. ceylanlca, Am. Pug. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. pt. i 328 ; 
 fruit I in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong not lobed. Thwaites Enum. 72 ; Bedd. 
 Fl. Sylv. t. 147. 
 
 Ceylon ; warm moist parts of the island. 
 
Kurrimia.\ XLi. celastrineje. (M. A. Lawson.) 623 
 
 A large tree. Leaves 3-6 by \-S in,, ovate or ovate -oblong, acute, the apex often 
 reflexed. Flowers sessile, in slender panicled spikes. Petals elliptic, ^ in. Fruit 
 reddish brown, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed nearly covered by the aril. 
 
 Var. montana, Thwaites, I.e. ; panicles smaller and more succulent, flowers larger. — 
 Central province, ascending to 5000 ft. 
 
 10. EXiHSODEMDRON, Jacq. f. 
 
 Small trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, crenate or 
 entire. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, often polygamous. 
 Calyx 6-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk thick. Stamens 5 ; anthers 
 nearly globose. Ovary continuous with the disk, conical, rarely 2-4- or 
 5-celled ; style very short ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit succulent or dry, 
 1-2-celled, indehiscent ; cells 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seed without an aril, 
 albuminous. — Distrib. About 30 species, natives of South Africa, Tro- 
 pical Asia, America and Australia. 
 
 1. IS. g-laucuxn, Pers. Synops. i. 241 ; Roxh. Fl. Lnd. i. 638 ; Wall. 
 Cat. 4325 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 10 ; Thwaites Enum. 73 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. 
 Gen. Ixvii. E. Roxburghii, W. <k A. Prodr. 157 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 38 : 
 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 48; Wight Lll. 178, t. 71; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 
 Anal. Gen. 67 ; Fl. Sylv. 148 ; Brand. For. Fl. 82. E. paniculatum, 
 W. (& A. Prodr. 157. E. oxy odon, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nai. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 
 603. Celastrus glaucus, Vahl Symb. ii. 42. Mangifera glauca, Rotlb. in 
 Nov. Act. Ham. ii. 534, t. 4, f. i. Euonymus grossa, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. lnd. 
 ed. Carey, ii. 408 ; Cat. 4291. E. Tina, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4292. Neerija 
 dichotoma, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 646. Rhamnus Neerija, Spreng. Syst. Veg. 
 Suppl. 86. Schrebera albens, WUld. Sp. PI. i. 1092. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India and Ceylon. — Distrib, Malay Archipelago. 
 
 Leaves 2-6 by f-2^ in., elliptic or ovate, acute or acuminate, crenate or nearly entire, 
 membranous or subcoriaceous. Flowers in diffuse dichotomous cymes. Fruit woody, 
 obovoid, 4 in., tipped at the apex with the persistent style, 1-celled, 1-seeded. — So far 
 as foliage is concCTned this is a most variable species. 
 
 Var. 1. moniiiBum, Thwaites Enum. 73 ; fruit | in. globose very hard and woody 
 1-celled l-seede<M)rown. — Ceylon, in hot drier parts of the Island. 
 
 Var. 2. leaves 2^ by 1 in. oblong-elliptic subacuminate, fruit ^ in. round succulent 
 2-celled black. — Canara, Ritchie. 
 
 11. XZIPPOCRATISA, Linn. 
 
 Small trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled; stipules 
 small, caducous. Flowers small, white or greenish, disposed in axillary 
 cymes, more rarely in terminal cymose panicles. Calyx small, 5-partea. 
 Petals 5, spreading, much larger than the calyx, imbricate or valvate. 
 Stamens 3, recurved, lying in the grooves of the ovary. Disk conical or 
 cupular. Ovary surrounded by the disk, 3-celled ; style very short or 0, 
 stigmas 1-3 ; ovules 2-10 in each cell, in 2-series, inserted on the inner angle. 
 Fruit of 3-flattened carpels connate at the base, usually dehiscent. Seeds 
 compressed, usually winged below, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Species about 
 60, natives of the tropics of both hemispheres. 
 
 * Petals \-^ in.— Shrubs with climbing branches. 
 
 1. K. obtusifolla, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 166; calyx-lobes triangular, 
 petals i in. subulate puberulous. W. & A. Prodr. 104 ; Wight Lll. i. 134 ; 
 Lc. t. 936 ; DC. Prodr. i. 569 ; Thwaites Enum. 52. H. barbata, F. MueU. 
 
624 XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. La^ysoIl.) \HippoGratea, 
 
 in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. iii. 23. H. ? grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 4213. H. 
 rigida, Hamp. H. tortuosa, Wall. Cat. 4216. H. volubilis, Heym in Wall. 
 Cat. 4215 {not of Linnceus). Salacia lajvigata, Wight in Hook. not. Misc. iii 
 295 ; Siqij^l. t. xxxvi. {nori DC). 
 
 Eastern and Western Peninsulas, from Tenasserim and the Concan southwards. 
 SiLHET, Wallich. — DiSTRiB. Malay Archipelago, China, Australia, tropical Africa. 
 
 A climbing shrub; young branches often quadrangular. Zeaves 2-5 by 1-24 in., 
 elliptic or oblong, obtuse, acute or shortly acuminate, crenate-serrate or entire, glabrous, 
 coriaceous. Flowers in dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Cahjx-hhes entire. 
 Disk puberulous. Ovules 6 in each cell. Carpels 1^-2 in., obovoid, emarginate, 
 striate, 4-6-seeded. 
 
 2. B. Cumlngril, Laws.; calyx-lobes round, petals \ in. subulate 
 puberulous outside inside covered with rust-coloured hairs for the upper 
 three-fourths glabrous below. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Philippines. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Leaves 3-4 by 1^-2 in., elliptic, acute or subacuminate, glabrous, 
 coriaceous, entire. Flowers in dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Calyx- 
 lobes very short, glabrous, entire. Disk with a ring of hairs at the base of the stamens, 
 otherwise glabrous. Fruit f 
 
 3. R. Xiobbli, Laws. ; calyx-lobes elliptic-oblong, petals elliptic-ovate 
 slightly cohering at the base entirely covered on the inside with dense 
 cinereous hairs. 
 
 Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Lohb. 
 
 A. climbing shrub? Leaves 3-4 by f-2 in., broadly elliptic, subacuminate, entirely 
 glabrous. Cyvies 2-3 times divided, shorter than the leaves. Calyx-lobes entire, 
 pubescent. Tetals ^ in. Anthers almost sessile. Fndt f 
 
 4. K. Amottiana, Wight TU. i. 133, t. 46-47 ; calyx-lobes orbicular- 
 ovate, petals I in. shortly clawed cordate very concave with involute 
 margins. Salacia terminalis, Thwaites Enum. 407. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Quilon, Wight ; Canara, Plant. Hohenacker. Ceylon, near 
 Galle, Thwaites. 
 
 A climbing shrub, glabrous in every part. Leaves 3-3 by 1^-21 in., elliptic, acute 
 or subacuminate, very coiiaceous, entire or faintly crenate, glabrous. Cymes axillary 
 or panicled. Calyx-lobts entire. Fruit 24 in., oblong, emarginate. 
 
 ** Flowers very nuTnerous. Petals -^ in. or less. — Shrubs with cUmhing 
 brandies. 
 
 5. K. Grahami, Wight III. i. 134; Ic. t. 380; cymes diffuse panicled 
 longer than the leaves, calyx-lobes orbicular shari)ly crenate.' Dalz. <£• 
 Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 32. H. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 4214. Salacia paniculata. 
 Wall. Cat. 4214, B inj^art. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards, Wight, &c. ? A^ssam and 
 ? SiLiiET, Wallich. 
 
 A clmbing shrub. Leaves 3-5 by lJ-2 in., ovate-elliptic, acute or subacuminate, 
 entire, coriaceous, glabrous. Petals ^^^ in., very shortly clawed, linear-oblong, gla- 
 brous. Anthers subsessile. Disk glabrous. Fruit 3 by ^ in., linear-oblong, emarginate. 
 
 Var. Leaves 4 in. lanceolate-acuminate, flowers in slender divaricating panicles 
 twice the length of the leaves, fruit 2% in. narrowly elliptic. — Assam, Griffith. 
 
 6. K. indica, WiUd. S]^. PI. i. 193 ; leaves 1^-2| by |-1| in., cymes very 
 slender dichotomous shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes triangular entire, 
 fruit 1-1| in. DC Prodr. i. 568 ; Roxb. FL Did. i. 165 ; Cor. PI. ii. t. 130; 
 
Hippocratea.] XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 625 
 
 W. & A. Prodr. 104: Dak. <fc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 32; Tkwaites Enum. 52; 
 Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 368; Brand. For. Fl. 83. H. disperma, Vald 
 Enum. ii. 28; Wall. Cat. 4210 in part. H. euonyraoides, Vahl Enum. ii. 
 28. H. obtusifolia, Uoxb. Wall. Cat. 4211. Tonsella disperma, Poir.— 
 Celastrinea ? Wall. Cat. 9013. 
 
 In the hotter parts of India from Behar, the Concan, and Tenasserim southwards, 
 and m Ceylon. — Distrib, Malay Archipelago and Africa. 
 
 A shrub with climbing branches. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute or subacu- 
 minate or lanceolate, finely serrate, membranoGs, glabrous. Floivers glabrous, exceed- 
 ingly small. Cymes many times divided ; partial cymes subumbellate. Petals -^ in., 
 usually 6, elliptic oval-oblong, concave. Ovules 2-4 la each cell. Fruit oblong. Wall. 
 Cat. 4111 B ? is evidently the same plant. ""^^^ 
 
 7. K. arborea, Uoxb. Hort. Beng. 5 ; Fl. Ind. i. 167 ; Cor. PI. t. 205 ; 
 leaves 4-7 by 2|-3i in., cymes and fruit 3 in. Wall. Cat. 4212; DC. 
 Prodr. 569; Brand. Fw. Fl. 83. % H. disperma, Wall. Cat. 4212 B. 
 
 Interior parts of India, Boxh. ; Bhotan and the Khasia Mts., Griffith f Morung Mts., 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Subarboreous, with climbing branches. Leaves ovate-elliptic, subacuminate, serrate, 
 membranous, glabrous. Fruit of 3 carpels, cuneiform, 3 by 1 J in. — This ought probably 
 to be considered a variety of H. indica, from which it differs apparently in nothing but 
 size. In the description given by lioxburgh of H. obtusifolia (Fl. Ind. i. 166) the 
 flowers are those of IT. indica proper, while the leaves belong to H. obtusifolia, Wight. 
 
 *** Erect 
 
 8. K. malng'ayi,''Za2i's. ; cymes 3-flowered, racemose. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. ? Borneo. 
 
 Branches terete. Leaves 3 by | in., lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous. Carpels tri 
 quetrous, 4-5 in., woody. Seeds Z\-A\ in., oblong. 
 
 12. 
 
 S ALACIA, Linn. ^J^ .fU^.^.^-^dj^^^ ' 
 
 Scandent or sarmentose shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, petiolate, 
 exstipulate. Flowers few or many, clustered in the axils of the leaves or 
 extra-axillary, more rarely in cymes. Calyx small, 5-parted, Petals 5, 
 imbricate. Stamens 3, rarely 2 or 4, continuous with the disk, recurved. 
 Ovary conical, immersed in the disk, 3-celled ; style very short, stigma 
 simple or 3-lobed ; ovules 2-8 in each cell, in 1-2 series, inserted on the inner 
 angle. i^?^?a^ baccate, 1-3-celled, sub-woody or fleshy. Seeds large, angular. 
 — DisTKiB. tSpecies about 70, natives of the tropics of both hemispheres. 
 
 * Flowers 1-6 from an axillary or extra-axillary tubercle. 
 a. Leaves coriaceous mostly 6-12 in. 
 
 1. S. flavescens, Kttrz inJourn. As.^Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 300 ; leaves 
 6-12 by 2-3|in. oblong-lanceolate acute or subacuminate margins recurved, 
 flowers about 3 very small. Dryptopetalum coriaceum, Am. in Ann. 
 Nat. Hist. i. 373. Microtropis coriacea, Wall. Cat. 4338. M. longifolia, 
 Wall. Cat. 4339, in part. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula, from Tenasserim, Gomez, &c., to Penang, Wollich, &c. 
 
 A small tree with black branches. Leaves green glabrous and shining above, paler 
 beneath, drying light-yellow. Flowers axillary and extra- axillary, sessile or on pedicels 
 under J in. Fruit ? The dark stems and light-coloured leaves, together with a general 
 aspect of a Microtropis, serve to distinguish this species from its allies. 
 
 VOL. I. S S 
 
^2Q XLi. CELASTiUNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Salacia. 
 
 2. S. long-ifolia, Hook f. mss. {not Wall.) ; leaves 6-14 by 2-4 in. 
 elliptic-lanceolate acute or subacuminate margins recurved, flowers 3-6 
 large. 
 
 Malav, Mainfiay; Vevang^ Phillips ; Prince of Wales Island ? 
 
 A small tree \viih rather coarse p;ile-coloured branches. Leaves pale-brown when 
 dry, glabrous, coriaceous, shining benciith and finely reticulated. Floivers axillary or 
 extra-axillary, usually sessile but sometimes on pedicels J-^ in. Petals obovate, \-it in. 
 
 3. S. grandiflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 300 ; leaves 
 6-12 by 22-4 in. oblong \vitli a short obtusely-cuspidate reflexed apex 
 margins recurved, flowers lafl&r 
 
 Tenasskrim, Kurz; Malacca, Griff, and Maingay; Pexano, Phillips. 
 
 A small tree. ^ Leaves very coriaceous, glabrous and shining, finely reticulated. 
 Flowers 1-3 axillary and extra-axillary, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, the largest 
 in the genus. Petals ^ in., roundly obovate. Fruit 1-2 in. diam., black, sniootli. — 
 Closely allied to /S'. longijolia, of which it is perhaps only a variety. Mainj^ay's speci 
 men, No. 40], from Malacca, has pale-green leaves and a rough light -coloured fruit ; it 
 is perhaps a distinct species.^ 
 
 b. Leaves coriaceous \\-bin. rarely more, 
 
 4. S. Ittaing-ayi, Laws. ; leaves 1^2 by \\ in. ovate subacute entire, 
 flowers 1-3 in each axil thick and fleshy, pedicels stout \-'i in., petals ^ in. 
 roundly-oblong. 
 
 Penang, Maingay. 
 
 A scandeut shrul). . Branches terete, rough with minute tubercular warts. Leaves 
 very coriaceous, drying black. Fruit f 
 
 6. S. Xiobbil, Laws. ; leaves 3-3^ bv 1-1 f in. elliptic-oblong with a short 
 obtuse point entire, powers 1-3 in each axil thick and fleshy, pedicels stout 
 1-1^ in., petals i in. roundly ovate subcordate at the base. 
 
 Singapore, Lobb. 
 
 An erect shrub. Branches terete, covered with minute warts. Leaves not drying 
 black. Fruit f 
 
 ^£^^ grinoWeSj^DC'. Frodr. I 571; leaves l|-3 by f-li in. oblong 
 obtuseT^- :iijui)imate 'senate, flowers 3-6 from each tubercle, pedicels under 
 K in., petals ; in. broadly ovate, fruit the size of a small cherry smooth. 
 Wall. Cat 4219; W. <k A. Frodr. 105; Dalz. d- GUjs. B(/nib. Fl. 33. 
 S. podopetala, Tarcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. 581. S. Wightiana, 
 Wall. Cat. 4221. Johnia coromandeliana, Foxb. Fl. Ind. i. 169; DC. 
 Frodr. i. 571. Tonsella prinoides, Willd. in Act. Ac. Cur. Ber. iv. 184. 
 
 SiLHET and the Khasia Mts., H.f. & T. ; Eastern and Western Peninsula, and 
 Ceylon. — Distuib. Java and the Philippine Islands. 
 
 A small ptraggling \tm'. or large climbing shrub. i/eawe« very coriaceous. Flowers 
 mostly axillary. Sepals puberulous, ciliate. Petals unguiculate, entire. Fruit globose, 
 1-celIed, l-s(5eded, black. 
 
 7. S. Brunoniana, W. d- A. Frodr. 105 ; leaves 2-3 by f-1 in. oblong 
 or elliptic obtuse or with a short obtuse acuiiiination faintly serrate, 
 flowers 1-2 in each axil, pedicels under | in. slender, petals i in. ovate from 
 a broad base margins incurved when dry. Wall. Cat. 4217 E ? ; Dalz. 
 d' Gibs. Bomb. FL 33. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Sb. Wight ; Earn Ghaut, Dahel d Gibson. 
 
 A scandent shrub with black rigid divaricating branches, rough with minute reddish 
 
Salacia.] XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) Q27 
 
 warts. Leaves black when dry. Fruit ?—S. Flnlaysonii, Wall. Cat- 4220, which ap- 
 pears to be nearly allied to this species, is not Indian. 
 
 8. S. Roxburgrhli, Wall. Cat. 4217 ; leaves 3-6 by f-2 in. oblong- 
 lanceolate or elliptic-oblong caudate-acuminate entire or very faintly 
 serrate, flowers 3-6 in each axil, pedicels under \ in. petals yV in- roundly 
 obovate, fruit lf-2 in. diam. smooth. W. & A. Prodr. 105 ; Dalz. (k Gibs. 
 Bomh. Ft. 33. ] S. chinensis, L. ; DC. Prodr. 571.? S. cochinchinensis, 
 Lour. DC. Prodr. i, 571. 1 Indeterminata, Wall. Cat. 4291. Johnia sala 
 cioides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 168 ; DC. Prodr. i. 571. 
 
 A scandent shrub. Branches pale-brown with wrinkled bark, Sepals glabrous, 
 entire. Fruit globose, 2-3-seeded. — This is the true S. Roxhurghii of Wall. Cat., 
 and seems to be confined to the N.E. of India, so that the specimen in Uyne's Herba- 
 rium alluded to by Wight & Arnott was probably not of his own gathering. 
 
 9. S. ovalis, Laws. ; leaves 3-4 by l|--2 in. elliptic-obtuse or rounded 
 at both ends entire, flowers 3-6 in each axil, pedicels under \ in. slender, 
 petals ^ in. ovate. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A scandent shrub with smooth black pruinose branches. Leaves subcoriaceouSj pale- 
 coloured. Fruit ? 
 
 10. S. rubra, Laws. ; leaves 2-3 by l-ll^ in. elliptic-lanceolate pointed 
 at both ends entire, fruit 1^ in. diam. rugose bright red. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A scandent? shrub with coarse pale-coloured branches. Flowers f Fruit 2-seeded. 
 
 11. S. reticulata, Wight III. i. 134; leaves 2|-4 by l-2i in. elliptic or 
 subovate rounded at the apex or with a short obtuse point very faintly 
 serrate or entire shining above finely reticulated beneath, flowers 6 in 
 each axil, pedicels under | in., petals ovate acute | in., fruit 2 in. diam. 
 tuberculate. Tkwaites Enum. 53. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Quilon, Wight; Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft. 
 
 A scandent shrub with blackish branches. JSepals glabrous, entire. 
 
 Var. diandra, Thwaites Enum, 53 (sp.) ; leaves smaller, less coriaceous ; stamens 2. 
 
 c. Leaves membranous. 
 
 12. S. mexubranacea, Laws. ; leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in. elliptic entire. 
 
 Sikkim, Herh. Griffith; Khasia, 2-3000 ft., H f. & T. 
 
 A scandent shrub with slender stems and branches. Branches completely covered 
 with minute pale-coloured warts. Leaves flat, shining, and very finely reticulated on 
 both sides. Flowers ? Fruit 1^ in. diam., green. Seeds yellow in a subfleshy pulp. — 
 ■ Apparently intermediate between >6'. Boxburghii and S. viminea, but approaching the 
 latter most closely. 
 
 13. S. ? vlmlnea. Wall. Cat. .7267; leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in. elliptic- 
 lanceolate obtusely subacuminate crenate. 
 
 Mergui, Griffith; Moulmein, Griffith; Tenasserim and Andaman, Heifer. 
 
 A scandent shrub ? with exceedingly slender branches. Leaves shining above, 
 finely reticulated beneath. Flowers 1-3 together, axillary or extra-axillary, flat, mem- 
 branous or submembranous. Pedicels xV~^ iii-> "^©ry slender. Fruit ? 
 
 ** Flowers very numerous from an axillary or extra-axillary tubercle. 
 
 14. S. multiflora, Wight III. I 134; whole plant pale-coloured, pedicel^ 
 1 in. very slender. 
 
 ss2 
 
628 XLi. CELASTRiNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Salacia. 
 
 Tekasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 A scandent? shrub, with very light-coloured branches and leaves. Leaves 6-9 by 
 2|-4 in., elliptic-oblong, acute, entire, margins slightly recurved, membranous or sub- 
 coriaceous. Petals i in., orbicular. Ovules about 8 in each cell. Fruit ? — Resembling 
 JS. flavescens, but readily distinguished by its numerous flowers and long slender 
 pedicels, 
 
 15. S. verrucosa, Wight El. i. 134; whole plant drying nearly black, 
 branches covered with minute rough warts, pedicels slender \-\ in. S. 
 memecyloides, Wall. Cat. 4218. 
 
 Tevasserim, at Moulmein and Mergni, Griffith, &c. — Ptstrtb. Philippine Islands. 
 
 A shrub. Leaves '6\-b by 1^-2^ in., elliptic-f>blong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse at 
 the apex or with a short obtuse acumen, entire or faintly serrate, very coriaceous. 
 Flowers from chiefly extra axillary tubercles. Cali/x-lobes fringed with rust-coloured 
 hairs. Petals J in., oblong-ovate, obtuse. Ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit | in. diam., 
 Bubgbbose, smooth, black. 
 
 16. S. macrosperma, Wight Ic. t. 962 ; whole plant drying nearly 
 black, branches without warts, pedicels stoutish usually under | in. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. 
 
 A diffuse rambling shnib. Leaves 34-5 by 1^-2^ in., oblong-elliptic, shortly and 
 obtusely acuminate, entire, very coriaceous. Flowers chiefly from extra-axillary 
 tubercles. Cah/x-lohes fiinsed with rust-coloured hairs. Petals rather smaller than in 
 /S'. yerrwcoi'ja, ovate, obtuse from a broad base. Ovules 2 m each ceW. Fruit 1-1 4 in. 
 diam., globose, rugulose, black. — Wight says that the calyx-lobes are not fringi^d in 
 this species, but in some of his own specimens they are distinctly ciliated. Very 
 closely indeed allied to aS. verrucosa. 
 
 *** Peduncles under \ in. 3-flowered. 
 
 17. S. oblong-a,' Wall. Cat. 4226; IF. d: A. Prodr. 106; Wiqht III. t. 
 47 B ; Thvaites Enum. 53 ; iJalz. I- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 33 : Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 
 Anal. Gen. Ixvii. t. x. iv. S. oppositifolia, Rotll. ; Wight Ic. t. 97. S. pomi- 
 fera, Wall. Cat. 4227, 7iot W. <k A. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. Ceylon, in the hotter parts of 
 the island. 
 
 A small glabrous tree or shrub. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 in., elliptic-oblong, rounded at 
 the apex or with a very short obtuse acumen, slightly serrate, subcoriaceous, turning 
 yellow when (ij»y. Flowers sometimes sessile in the axils of the leaves owing to the 
 extreme shortnessyof the common peduncle. Calyx-lobes rounded, glabrous, entire. 
 Petals about ^ in., broadly elliptic, serrate. Ovules 4 in each cell. Fruit 2-2^ in. diam., 
 tuberculate, light-brown. iSeeds about 8. 
 
 **** Flowers in branching cymes. 
 
 18. S. fruticosa, Ilei/ne in Wall. Cat. 4223 (under Tonsella) ; flowers 
 in dichotomously branched cymes | in. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Canara, Ilerh. HohenacJcer, Kurz, Bottler. 
 
 A scandent shrub. Leaves 3^ by I4 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acute, or shortly and 
 obtu.sely acuminate, serrate, chartaceous. Petals ^V i^- diam., orbicular, with a white 
 border. Fruit 1^ — Closely allied to S. fiorihunda, of which it may be a variety. 
 
 19. S. Griffithii, Laws. ; flowers in divaricating cymes 4 in. long. 
 Habitat unknown. — Herb. Griffith. 
 
 Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2 in., oblonj; -elliptic, shortly acuminate, crenate-Fcrrate, sub- 
 coriaceous. Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse. Ovules 2, superposed. Fruit ! 
 
Salacia.\ XLi. CELASTRiNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 629 
 
 20. S. floribunda, Wight III. i. 134 ; flowers small umbellate in di-tri- 
 chotomous cymes. S. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 4224. S. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 
 4225. S. pomifera, W. & A. Prodr. 105. % non Wall. 
 
 SiLHET, De S'dva; Assam and the Khasia Mts., Griffith, &c. ; Tenasserim, at 
 Mergui, Griffith. 
 
 A scandent shrub. Leaves 3-6 by |-2f in., elliptic-lanceolate, shortly and obtusely 
 acuminate, serrate, subcoriaceous, shining. Petals orbicular. Ovules 2 in each cell. 
 Fruit 1^ in. diam., globose, black. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
 
 S. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 4222 ; leaves 2^3 by lf-2 in., flowers? 
 fruit ripe? the size of a cherry pyriform smooth. 
 Singapore, Wallich. 
 
 13. SXPKONODON, Griff. 
 
 A small glabrous tree. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, entire or cre- 
 nate ; stipules minute, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, short, 3-4-flowered. 
 Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk not distinct from the base of the 
 calyx. Stamens 5, connivent round the pistil, filaments flattened. Ovary 
 half immersed in the disk, conical, the summit hollowed out and stigma- 
 tose in the cavity round a central column, cells numerous in 2-4 series ; 
 ovules solitary in each cell, ascending and pendulous. Drupe globose, hard 
 and fleshy, with numerous 1-seeded bony stones superposed in rings round 
 the central axis, testa membranous, albumen sub-horny. — Disteib. Species 
 2 ; Malayan Peninsula, Java, Australia. 
 
 Mr. Bentham in his Flora Australiensis remarks that the ovary must probably be 
 regarded as being 5-celled, with many ovules in each cell separated by spurious trans- 
 verse dissepiments. 
 
 1. S. celastrineus, Griff, in Cole. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 247, t. 14; 
 Wall. Cat. 9019 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii. 592 j Hook.f. in Trans. Linn. 
 Soc. xxii. t. 26. Astrogyne coriacea, Wall. inss. 
 
 Pegu, Kurz ; Penang, Griffith. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 Leaves 4-8 by 2-2^ in., oblong or oblong-elliptic, acute or subacuminate, crenate- 
 serrate, coriaceous. Peduncles under 1 in. Flowers yellowish. Fruit globose, 1-1 ^ in. 
 
 Order XLII. RHAMNE.S:. (By M. A. Lawson, M.A., F.L.S.) 
 
 Shrubs or trees, erect or scandent (cirrhose in Gottania). Branches un- 
 armed spinous or aculeate. Leaves simple, alternate (opposite or sub- 
 opposite in Scutia and Sageretia) usually coriaceous, often 3-5-nerved ; sti- 
 pules small, deciduous or changed into prickles. Flowers hermaphrodite or 
 polygamous, small, greenish, in lax or dense axillary cymes, which are 
 solitary or disposed in spikes or panicles. Calyx 4-5-tid ; lobes triangular, 
 erect or recurved, usually carinate within, valvate. Petals 4-5, rarely 0, 
 inserted on the throat of the calyx-tube, usually shorter than its lobes, 
 cucullate or involute. Stampis 4-5, inserted with the petals and opposite 
 to them, often enclosed within their folds ; anthers versatile, 2-celled, 
 dehiscing longitudinally. Disk fleshy and filling the calyx-tube, or thin 
 and lining it, entire or lobed, glabrous, rarely tomentose. Ovary sessile, 
 free or immersed in the disk, wholly free from the calyx- tube or more or 
 
630 XLIT. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 
 
 less adherent to it, 3- rarely 2-4-celled ; style short, simple, or 2-4 cleft ; 
 ovules 1 in each cell, erect, anatropous, raphe dorsal. Fruit free or girt at 
 the base or middle by the adhering calyx-tube, 3- more rarely 1-4-celled, 
 capsular or a dry or fleshy drupe, sometimes winged. Seed witli fleshy 
 albumen, rarely exalburainous ; embryo large, erect. — Distrib. Abundant 
 in the tropical and temperate regions of the world; genera 38, species 
 above 400. 
 
 ViTMANNiA AFRicANA, W. & A. Pvodr. 166 j W. Ic. 490, is a S. African plant, not 
 Indian. 
 
 Tribe I. Ventilag'ineeB. Scandent unarmed shrubs. Leaves alternate. 
 Dish filling the calyx-tube. Ovarj/ superior or half superior. Fruit dry, 
 1-celled, 1-seeded, girt at the base or middle by the calyx-tube. Seed 
 exalbuminous. 
 
 Fruit indehiscent, prolonged above into a linear-oblong wing") . , . 1. Ventilago. 
 Fruit a 2-valved broadly oblong capsule 2. Smythea. 
 
 Tbibe II. ZizypbesB. Shrubs or trees. Disk filling the calyx-tube. 
 Fruit a dry or fleshy drupe with a 1-3-celled stone. 
 
 Leaves prominently 3-nerved 3. Zizttphus. 
 
 Leaves penninerved 4. Bekciikmia. 
 
 Tribe III. Rhainneae. Shrubs or trees. Disk lining or filling the 
 calyx-tube. Omiry superior or half-superior. Fruit dry or fleshy, of 3, 
 (rarely 2 or 4) pyrenes or cocci. 
 
 * Disk thiUf lining the calyx-tube. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Cymes axillary. Fruit inde- 
 
 hiscent 5. Rhamnus. 
 
 ** Disk fleshy ^jiUing the calyx-tvhe. 
 
 Leaves alternate, unequal. Peduncles swollen, fleshy. An unarmed 
 tree . 6. Hovenia. 
 
 Leaves opposite or subopposite. Flowers subumbellate. An unarmed 
 
 or prickly shrub 7. Scutia. 
 
 Leaves opposite or subopposite. Flowers sessile in terminal panicles. 
 
 Unarmed or spinous shrubs 8. Sageretia. 
 
 Leaves alternate. Peduncles slender, not fleshy. An unarmed shrub 9. Colubkixa. 
 
 Tribe IV. G-ouanieee. Fruit inferior, crowned with the persistent 
 calyx. 
 
 Fruit globose, not winged. Flowers fascicled, forming paniculate 
 
 racemes 10. Apteron. 
 
 Fruit Swinged. Flowers fascicled, forming paniculate racemes . .11. Gouania. 
 Fruit ovate, terete. Flowers subumbellate 12. Helinus. 
 
 1. VENTZZ.AGO, Gsertn. 
 
 Scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, subbifarious. Flowers small, dis- 
 posed in axillary and terminal (usually leafless) panicles, rarely in the axils 
 of the leaves. Calyx 5-fid, with spreading internally keeled lobes ; calyx- 
 tube obconical. Petals 6, obtriangular or cucuUate. Stamem 5, adnate to 
 the base of the petals. Disk 5-lobed with a free margin. Ovary sunk in 
 the disk, 2-celledj style very short. Fruit samaroid, the nut subglobose, 
 
Ventilago.l xlii. rhamne2E. (M. A. Lawson.) 631 
 
 girt at the base or middle by the adhering calyx-tube, prolonged above into 
 a linear or linear-oblong coriaceous wing, 1 -celled, i-seeded. Seed sub- 
 globose, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Species about 10, scattered over the 
 tropics of Asia, Africa, America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. 
 
 1. V. madraspatana, Goertn. Fruct i. 223, t. 49, t 2 ; flowers in slender 
 simple or paniculate spikes, fruit \\-2 by f in., nut girt at the base. 
 W. dh A. Prodr. 164 ; Wight Ic. 163 ; Wall Cat. 4268 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. 
 Fl. 48 ; Thwaites Enum. 74 ; Brandis For. Fl. 96. V. bracteata, Wall. 
 Cat. 4269. 
 
 Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards ; Tenasserim, at Moulmein and 
 Mergui, Griffith, &c. ; 'Ceylon, commcm in hot dry places. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 Young branches and leaves glabrous or only slightly pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by 
 1-1^ in., oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute or subacuminate, crenate or entire ; costal 
 nerves 6-8 pair. Calyx slightly puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Ovary with 
 a few white hairs at the base ; styles nearly straight. 
 
 2. V. calyculata, Tidasne in Ann. Sc. Nat Ser. 4, viii. 124 ; flowers 
 in densely pubescent paniculate spikes, fruit l|-2 by | in. pubescent, 
 nut girt round the middle. Brandis For. Fl. 96. V. denticulata, W'dld. 
 Nov. Act. Ber. iii. 417; DC. Prodr. ii 38. V. macrantha, Tidasne in Ann. 
 Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 123. V. madraspatana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 629 ; Cor. 
 PI. i. 55, t. 76 ; Wall. Cat. 4268 b ; W. do A. Prodr. 164 not of Goertn. 
 V. silhetiana, Smithiana, and sulphurea, Tvlasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. 
 Ser. iv.-viii. 125. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Kumaon Himalaya and Nipal, to 
 Bhotan, Silhet, Tenasserim, and throughout the Western Peninsula. — Distrib. 
 Java. 
 
 Leaves pubescent, 3f-6 by k-2\ in., ovate or ovate-elliptic, crenate-serrate, with 
 about 6 pairs of costal nerves. Calyx densely pubescent without, hairy within on the 
 disk. Ovary densely pubescent ; styles longer than in V. madraspatana and more 
 diverging. Fruit yellow, often densely pubescent, at length nearly glabrous. — A vari- 
 able plant so far as the size of the leaves and amount of pubescence go. 
 
 3. V. IMCaing'ayi, Laws. ; flowers in long filiform simple or compound 
 spikes, fruit 3 by f in. glabrous girt below the middle. V. Sp. ; Griff. 
 Notul. iv. 492. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer, at Mergui, Griffith; Malacca, Maivgay. _ 
 Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., oblong-lanceolate, entire, coriaceous, with about 10 pairs ot 
 costal nerves. Nut ^ in. diam., blackish, veined. 
 
 4. V. leiocarpa, Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 77 ; flowers in small 
 axillary clusters or cymes, the upper often forming leafless panicles, fruit 
 glabrous 1^-21 in., nut girt round the middle. V. madraspatana, Benth. 
 in Hook. Kew Joum. iv. 42. 
 
 BiRMA, Griffith; TEtfAssmu, Heifer ; M ai.acc a, Maingay. — Distrib. Hongkong.^ 
 Leaves ovate to oblong acuminate, crenate serrate or entire, coriaceous, shining, with 
 
 about 6 pairs of costal nerves. Fruit ^-J in. diam. 
 
 ?Var. ; leaves larger ovate or elliptical obtuse, costal nerves about 10 pair. — 
 
 Malacca, Maingay ; Trop. Afrj^ca. — Without the fruit it is impossible to be certain that 
 
 this is not a distinct species. 
 
 6. V. bombalensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Joum. Bot. iii. 36 ; young 
 branches and flowers covered with fulvous tomentum, flowers fascicled in 
 the axils of the leaves. Dalz. dt Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 48 j Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or, 
 t, 114. 
 
632 XLTi. rhamneje. \^i*i. a. Lawson.) [Ventilagt. 
 
 The CoNCAN ; at Chorla Ghat, Dalzel. 
 
 Leaves 3-5 by |-1| in., lanceolate, acute or suhacuminate, crenate, glabrous, with 
 about 3-4 pairs of costal nerves. Jt^ruit f — Mr. Bentham, in Joum. Linn. Soc. v. 77, 
 suggests that this may be only a side shoot of V. cult/culata, but the shape of the leaves, 
 the number of the costal nerves, -and Dalzel's supposition that the fruit is larger than in 
 V. madraspatana, point to its being distinct. 
 
 2. SMVTKEA, Seeman. 
 
 Scandent shrubs. Floivers fascicled or solitary in the axils of the 
 leaves. Cdhjx 5-fid ; lobes spreading ; tube obconical. Petals 5, cucuUate, 
 broadly emarginate, 2-lobed. Stamens 5, not included in the folds of the 
 petals, filaments incurved. Disk 5-angled, flat. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, 
 recurved. Fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded capsule, dehiscing down the middle, 
 compressed, not winged. Seed flat, large, exalbuminous. — Distrib. Sp. 2, 
 one Malayan, the other Fijian. 
 
 1. S. calpicarpa, KarzinJourn, As, Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 301. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer. 
 
 Branches clothed with fulvous hairs. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 4 in., elliptic-lanceolate, 
 sometimes shortly acuminate, crenate, slightly pilose on the nerves beneath otherwise 
 glabrous. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Fruit (immature) 1^ by | in., 
 oblong, coriaceous, covered with dense silky fulvous hairs. 
 
 3. ZZZYFKUS, Juss. 
 
 Trees or shrubs, often decumbent or sarmentose and frequently armed 
 with sharp, straight or hooked prickles (transformed stipules). Leaves sub- 
 bifiirious, alternate, usually coriaceous. Flowers fascicled, or in sessile or 
 pedunculated cymes. Calyx 5-fid, lobes spreading, keeled within ; 
 tube broadly obconical. Petals 5, rarely 0, cucullate, deflexed. Disk 5-10- 
 lobed, flat or pitted, with a free margin. Stamens 5. Ovary sunk 
 in the disk and confluent with it at the base, 2-4-celled; .styles 2-4, 
 free, or more or less united. Fruit fleshy or dry, with a woody or bony 
 1-4-seeded 1-4-celled stone. Seed plano-convex, albumen 0, or very 
 scanty. — Distrlb. Species about 50, found in tropical Asia and America, 
 and the temperate regions of both hemispheres. 
 
 * Flowers in sessile cymes or fascicled in the axils of the leaves. 
 
 1. Z. Jujuba, Ijamk. Diet. iii. 318 ; usually armed, leaves 1-2^ by 
 |-2 m. cllii/oio-ov.ite ovate or suborbicular dark green and glabrous above, 
 covered beneath with a dense woolly pale-coloured tomentum, fruit 
 \-'i in. diam. DC. Prodr. ii. 21 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. L 608 ; Wall. Cat. 4244 ; 
 W. <£' A. Prodr. 162 ; Wi(j]it Ic. t. 99 ; Hook. Joum. Bot. i. 320, t. cxl. 
 (1834) ; Dah. <k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49 ; Thwaites Fnum. 74 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 
 cxlix. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 13 ; Brandis For. Flm\ 86, t. 17. Z. mauri- 
 tiana, Herb. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4245 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 21. Z. Sororia, 
 Schult. Syst. v. 337; DC. Prodr. ii. 21. Z. trinervius, Rotk Nov. Sp. 168, 
 excl. var. /S. Rhamnus Jujuba, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 36 \ Mheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 40. 
 
 Throughout India, from the N.W. frontier, Sindh, and base of the Himalaya to 
 Ceylon, and Malacca; wild and extensively cultivated. — Disteib. Aifghanistan, 
 tropical Africa, the Malay Archipelago, China, Australia. 
 
 A small tree 30-50 ft. ; young branches and flowers covered with a dense fuscous 
 tomentum. PricJdes soUtary and straight, or geminate and then one shorter and 
 recurved. Cymes ^ in. long. CaZi/.^ glabrous within. PefaZs subspathulate, very con- 
 cave, reflexed. Disk of 10 grooved lobes. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to the 
 
Zizyphus.l XLii. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 633 
 
 middle. Fruit globose, 2-celled, flesliv and mealy, glabrous. — There are many culti- 
 vated varieties, differing greatly in the shape and size of the leaves, as also in the size 
 and nature of the fruit, of which the most remarkable is Edgeworth's var. Hysudricvs 
 (Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, 201), with erect or spreading not drooping branches, obtuse ovate 
 oblong or orbicular leaves, glabrous or slightly tomentose beneath, and long petioles. 
 This, according to Aitchison, is always raised by grafts. Two other varieties are de- 
 scribed by Edgeworth — viz., kortensis and spontaneus. 
 
 2. Z. grlabrata, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 159 ; unarmed, leaves 1-3 
 by 3-14 ill- elliptic glabrous on both sides, fruit under \ in. in diameter, 
 W. & A. Frodr. 162 ; Wight Ic. t. 282 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixviii. 
 Z. trinervius, var. /S, Roth. Nov. Sp. 159. Z. trinervia, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 
 606, not Poir. ; Wall. Cat. 4231, 
 
 Eastern Bengal and Bhotan, Griffith; Western Peninsula, Nilghiri Mts., 
 VJight, &c, 
 
 A tree. Leaves obtusely serrate, coriaceous, glossy, dark-green, with 3 unbranched 
 prominent nerves. Flowers slightly puberulous, yellowish; cymes 4 in- long. Petals 
 obtriangular with convolute margins. Disk faintly 10-lobed, not pitted or grooved, 
 glabrous. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, united to the middle. Fruit globose, yellow?, 
 with a sweet gelatinous pulp, 1-2-celled. — In some few cases the ^cymes are shortly 
 pedunculate. 
 
 3. Z. nuxnxnularia, W.& A. Prodr. 162 ; profusely armed, leaves \-\ in. 
 ovate to orbicular covered with a short velvety tomentum on both sides, 
 fruit f in. diam. Dalz. <Ss Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. 
 Gen. Ixix. ; Boiss. Fl. Ori&)it. ii. 13 ; Brandts For. Fl. 88. Z. Lotus, Lamk. ; 
 Aitch. Cat. 33. Z. microphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind.i. 613; Wall. Cat. 4232. 
 Z. rotundif olia, Zaw^. Diet. iii. 319; DC. Prodr. ii. 21. Rhamnus nummu- 
 laria, Burm. Fl. Ind. 61. 
 
 The Panjab, ascending to 3000 ft. ; Goozerat, and the Western Peninsula, from 
 the Deccan and Concan southwards. — Distrib. Persia. 
 
 A shrub, with widely-divaricating flexuous branches ; young branches puberulous. 
 Leaves serrate, dark-green and velvety above, pale and more felted beneath. Cymes 
 under \ in. Petals obovate with convolute margins. Disk 10-lobed with a pit oppo- 
 site each lobe. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to above the middle. Fruit globose, 
 woody, black, 2-celled. — Much used for fencing, and the sweet subacid fruit as food, 
 especially in famine time. I follow Wight and Arnott in adopting Burmann's specific 
 name ; though perhaps Lamarck's should be adopted. 
 
 4. Z. wynadensis, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. 23. t. cxiv. ; unarmed, 
 leaves 1^-2 by | in. elliptic-lanceolate glabrous and shining above 
 slightly hairy on the nerves beneath. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; dense forests of the Wynaad, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 A lofty tree, the young shoots and flowers covered with a fulvous tomentum. Leaves 
 finely reticulated beneath, penninerved, with hairy glands in the axils of the main 
 nerves. Flowers fascicled, forming dense axillary clusters. Petals 3-lobed with con- 
 volute margins. Dis/o hairy, 5-angled, not pitted. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, di^dded 
 to nearly the base. Fruit ? 
 
 5. Z. vulg-aris, Lamk. Diet. iii. 316; armed, leaves |-2| in. sub- 
 obliquely ovate obtuse or subacute crenate-serrate glabrous on both sides, 
 fruit \ in. in diam. Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. 609; Sibth. Fl. Grcec. i. 159, t. 241 ; 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 12. Z, flexuosa, Wall, in Roxb. Ft. hid. ed. Carey, ii. 
 365 ; Cat. 4229. Z. nitida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I 609. Z. sativa, Gcertn. Friict. i. 
 202. ? Z, sinensis, Lamk. Diet. iii. 317. 
 
 P.«NJAB, extending to the Western frontier ; the Panjab Himalaya, Falconer, &c. ; 
 ascending to 6500 It. ; wild and cultivated, extending to Bengal. — Distkib. Beluchistan, 
 W. Asia, China, Japan, S. Europe. 
 
634 XL IT. RHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Zizijphus. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, with rigid spreading boughs and stiff branches, which are 
 often unarmed, the whdle plant quite glabrous. Prickles usually geminate, the straight 
 one often over 1 in. long, stout. Flowers few, fascicled in the .axils of the leaves. 
 Petals cucullate. Disk thin, obscurely 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to 
 the middle. Fruit globose or oUong, succulent, red or black, shining. — Z. nitida, Roxb., 
 ©f China, is said to have a yellow fruit. 
 
 6. Z. oxyphylla, Edgeiv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 43 ; armed, leaves 
 1-2 in. obliquely ovate acute or subacuminate glabrous on both sides, 
 fruit elliptic f in. long. Brandis For. Fl. 85. Z. acuminata, Koyle III. i. 
 168 {name only). 
 
 Hazarah, FalcoTwr ; Temperate Himalaya, in Sinnor and Garwhal, ascending to 
 6000 ft., Falconer, Edgeworth, &c. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, 25-30 ft., resembling Z. vulgaris in habit; whole plant quite 
 glabrous. Prickles usually geminate, the straight one \ in. long, slender. Leaves 
 finely crenate-serrate. Flowers fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Petals and disk 
 as in Z. vulgaris. Fruit 1-ceIled, l-seeded, subfleshy, black, very acid ; stone thiu and 
 crustaceous, flattened. 
 
 7. Z. CEnoplia, Mill. Gard. Did. No. 3 • armed, leaves 1-2| by f-l in. 
 very obliquely ovate-lanceolate acute with a short soft pubescence above, and 
 long silky appressed fulvous hairs beneath, fruit \ in. diam. DC. Prodr. ii. 
 21; lioxb. Fl. hid. i. 611 ; Wall. Cat. 4246; Don Prodr. 190; W. d' A. 
 Prodr. 163; Dalz. d: Gihs. Bomb. Fl. 49; Thvaites Enum. 74; Bedd. Fl. 
 JSglv. Anal. Ge7i. Ixix. ; Brandis For. Fl. 86. Z. albens, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 
 607. Z. celtidifolia, DC Prodr. ii. 20. Z. ferruginea. Heme in Wall, 
 Cat. 4246 B, in part. Z. Napeca, Boxb. Fl. Ind.i. 612, not WUld. ; Roth 
 Nov. &). 159. Z. pallens. Wall. Cat. 4247 I Z. pedicellata. Wall. Cat. 
 4243. Z. rufula, Miq. PY. Ind. Bat. i. 643. Z. scandens, Roxb. Ilort. 
 Beng. 17; Wcdl. Cat. 72S9. Rliamnus CEnoplia, Linn. Sp. PL 282. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Panjab and the N.W. Himalaya to 
 Assam and southwards to Ceylon and Malacca. — Distrib. Tropical Asia and 
 Australia. 
 
 A shrub with straggling often climbing branches, the young ones strigose or oftener 
 covered with a rust-coloured pubescence. Leaves crenate-serrate. Prickles solitary, 
 very short, recurved. Cymes under J in. long. Flowers glabrous within. Petals ob- 
 triangular, cucullate. Ovary 2 -ceWed; styles 2, luiited to above the middle. Fruit 
 1- rarely 2-celled, black and shining, globose or obovoid ; stone woody or bony. 
 
 ** Flowers in pedunculate axillary cymes {see 2. glabrata). 
 
 8. Z. xylopyrus, Willd. Sp. PI. 1104; armed or on the younger 
 branches often unarmed, branches inflorescence and fruit covered with a 
 short greyish tomentum, leaves H-3^ in. broadly-elliptic orbicular or ob- 
 ovate glabrous and dark above covered with a soft pale pubescence beneath, 
 fruit U-l in. diam. Roxb. P\ Ind. I 611; Wall. Cat. 4239; DC. 
 Prodr. ii. 21; W. & A. Prodr. 162; Dalz. dh Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49; 
 Thwaites Enum. 74; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixviii. ; Brandis For. 
 Fl. 90. Z. Caracutta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 612; Wall. Cat. 4238. Z. cuneata, 
 Wall. Cat. 726S. Z. elliptica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 610. Z. orbicularis, 
 Schidt. iSyst. v. 338; DC. Prodr. ii 21. Z. ruminata, Ham. in Wall. 
 Cat. 4236. Z. rotundifolia, Roth Nov. Sp. 160. Rliamnus xylopyrus, 
 RetzObs. ii. 11. 
 
 North-West India, Eoyle, Edgeworth. Nipal, Wallich; Banda, Rajpootana, 
 OuDE, ascending to 2000 ft. ; Behar, Western Peninsula, from the Concan south- 
 wards. Ceylon, in hot dry places. ^ 
 
 A large straggling shrub or Muall tree, often greganous, deciduous. Leaves slightly 
 obhque, rounded or subcordate at the base, serrulate. Prickles usually geminate, one 
 
^zypJius.] XLii. RHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 635 
 
 straight the other recurved, glabrous. Cymes compact, 1-1| in. Flowers sometimes 
 4-merous. Calyx glabrous within. Petals subspathulate, very concave, reflexed. Disk 
 thin, 5-angled. Ovary 3- rarely 2- or 4-celled ; styles usually 3, divided to near the 
 base. Fmit globose, 3- rarely 2- or 4-celled, very hard and woody and covered with a 
 dense almost felted grey or whitish tomentum. 
 
 Var. ; branches leaves and fruit nearly glabrous, fruit oblong or round. — Perhaps the 
 Z, Caracutta of Eoxburgh. 
 
 9. Z. Napeca, Willd. Sp. PI. 1104; profusely armed, branches inflo- 
 rescence and petioles covered with spreading rusty hispid hairs, leaves 
 li-2i by |-1| in. elliptic obtuse or very shortly cuspidate finely serrulate 
 dark and glabrous on both surfaces, styles 2. Rhamnus Napeca, Linn. Sp. 
 194 ; Fl. Zeylan. 87. 
 
 Ceylox, Herb. Linncem. 
 
 A straggling shrub. Leaves slightly oblique, rounded at the base, glabrous or when 
 young slightly hispid on the nerves beneath. Prickles solitary or geminate, stout, hairy, 
 dark, both recurved. Styles equalling the ovary, arms recurved. Fruit f — This, by 
 inspection of the specimens preserved in Hermann's Herbarium, I have determined to 
 be the true Z. Napeca of Linn»us. No modern collector has sent it from Ceylon, 
 whence it may be suspected that the habitat is erroneous. 
 
 10. Z. lucida, Moon Cat. 17 ; armed, leaves 2-2^ by f-li in. ovate-lan- 
 ceolate glabrous above hairy on the veins beneath, styles Sy^g in. divided to 
 the middle, fruit I in. diam. Thwaites Enum. 74. , 
 
 Ceylon, Walker, Thwaites. 
 
 A prickly shrub. Branches far climbing, round, glabrous or hairy when young, black. 
 Leaves oblique, crenate-serrate with a minute bristle in each crenature, minutely apicu - 
 late. Prickles soHtary, very short, recurved. Flowers in pedunculated cymes about 
 1 in. very hairy. Petals ^^ in., deeply cuculate on a slender claw. Disk faintly 
 5-angled, not pitted. Fruit globose, black, smooth. — ^Very closely allied to Z. Napeca. 
 
 11. Z. Xiinneei, Laws.; armed, leaves l|-2 by f-l^ in. ovate glabrous 
 and shining, styles 4 exceedingly minute. Z. Napeca, Linn. Hevh, not 
 Herb. Hermann. 
 
 Ceylon, Walker. 
 
 A prickly shrub. Branches round, glabrous, pale. Leaves nearly symmetrical, crenate 
 without the bristles and not apiculate, pale green. Prickles solitary, very short, re- 
 curved. Cymes shortly -pedunculed, about 1 in., nearly glabrous. FZoi<;ers larger than 
 in Z. lucida. Petals deeply cuculate, but on rather less slender claws. Disk faintly 
 5-angled, not pitted. Fruit f — This is the.^. Napeca in the Linn. Berh., but not of 
 Hermann's herbarium. 
 
 12. Z. incurva, Foxb. Fl. Ind. i. 614; armed, leaves 2-3| by 1-1| in. 
 ovate or ovate-oblong acute or subacuminate glabrous, petals 5, ovary 
 2-celled, styles 2, fruit f in. long. DC. Prodr. ii. 20 : Don Prodr. 189 : 
 Wall. Vat. 4.2^1. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich; Bhotan, Griffith; Western Peninsula, Nilghiri Mts., Herb. 
 Hohenacker. 
 
 A tree ? Leaves crenate-serrate, membranous, turning black in drying. Cymea 
 f in. Calyx hairy outside, glabrous within. Petals subcucullate. Disk 10-lobed, 
 with a pit opposite each lobe. Styles divided to the middle. Fruit ellipsoid, woody, 
 2-celled, 2-seeded. 
 
 13. Z. apetala, Hook f. ; armed, leaves 2^-4 by 1-1 1 in. obliquely- 
 ovate acute or acuminate glabrous, petals 0. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, J. D. H. 
 
 A shrub ; young branches and flowers covered with ferruginous pubescence. Leaves 
 crenate-serrate, membranous. Prickles recurved, very short and sharp, base broad. 
 
636 XLii. RHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Zizyphus, 
 
 Cymes \^m. CaZya; hairy inside. ZH'-s^ 5-lobed, corrugated, hairy. 6>yar^ 2 -celled; 
 styles 2, united to a little above the middle. 
 
 14. Z. horrida, Roth Nov. Sp. 159 ; profusely armed, leaves f-li 
 by 1-1 in. suborbicular glabrous, petals 5, ovaiy 3-celled, styles 3 minute, 
 fruit I in. diam. DC. Frodr. ii. 20 ; W. & A. Frodr. 163 % 
 
 Western Peninsula, Wight; the Concan, xS'foc^s. 
 
 A shrub with slender divaricating branches. Leaves coarsely sen-ate, especially at 
 the apex. FricMes geminate, very short, straight and recurved, the straight one 4 in. 
 long or more. Flowers in dense cymes 1 in. long. Calyx hairy outside, glabrous in- 
 side. Fetals spathulate, concave. Disk 5-angled, not pitted. Styles divided to nearly 
 the base. Fruit globose, woody, 3-celled, 3-seeded. — Although this description does 
 not entirely agree with that of Roth, I do not know to what other species his descrip- 
 tion can apply, Z. Bh under, Boyle 111. i. 168 (name only), is scarcely determinable, 
 but is apparently closely allied to this species. 
 
 *** Flowers in peduncidated cymes^ which are disjyosed in leafless (rarely 
 leajly) simple or comjX)und spikes. 
 
 15. Z. calophylla, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 366 ; armed, 
 leaves 4-5 by 2-:il in. elliptic-oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate entire 
 with 3 very prominent unbranched nerves glabrous, petals 5, fruit f in. 
 diara. Wall. Cat. 4230. Bercheniia calophylla, G. Don Gen. iSyst, ii, 28. 
 
 Penano, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Borneo, 
 A shrub, with climbing branches and black bark ; wholly glabrous with the exception 
 of the flowers and fruit. Leaves coriaceous, Fricldes solitary, recurved, short, stout, 
 base broad. Cymes usually disposed in terminal thyrsoid panicles. Calyx hairy out- 
 side, glabrous within. Fe}als ovate, concave. Disk 5-angleil, not pitted, glabrous. 
 Ovary 2-celled, puberulous ; styles 2. Fruit globose, woody, covered with a light- 
 brown pubescence, at length glabrous. — Kurz (in Jmirn. As. Sac. Beng. 1870, ii, 73) 
 identifies with this species Z. ornata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, i, 642. 
 
 16. Z. funiculoBa, Ilam. in Wall. Cat. 4234; armed, leaves 2^5 
 by |-2 in. ovate or ovate-oblong obtusely acuminate with 3 very prominent 
 unbranched nerves, petals 6, fruit obovoid | in. long. ? Z. venulosa. Wall. 
 Cat. 4235. 
 
 Eastern Bengal, the Khasia Mts., and Silhet, Wallich, &c. ? Birma, GriffitJt ; 
 Tenasserim, Heifer ; Malacca, Maingay — Distrib. ? Borneo. 
 
 A shrub?; young branches and flowers puberulous ; branches long slender climbing. 
 Leaves crenate. Prickles short, stout, recurved, quite glabrous. Cymes dispo-sed m 
 leafless rarely leafy panicles. Petals cucuUate. Disk faintly 10-lobed, not pitted, cla- 
 brous. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, divided to nearly the base. Fruit 1 -celled, l-seeded, 
 fleshy, glabrous, — Z. venulosa, Wall. Cat. 4235, may be a more slender form of the above. 
 
 17. Z. rug-osa, Lamk. Diet. iii. 319; armed, leaves 2|-6 in. ellip- 
 tic glabrous above young tomentosely pubescent beneath, the older 
 nearly glabrous, petals 0, fruit \-\ in. obovoid or globose. DC. Frodr. ii. 
 20 ; W. d' A. Frodr. 102 ; Wight Ic. 339 ; Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49 : 
 Thwaites Enum. 73 ; Brandts F'or. Fl. 89. % Z. BurriBa, Ham. in Wall. 
 Cat. 4240 g. Z. glabra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 614; Wall. Cat. 4242. Z. latifolia, 
 Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 607 ; Wall. Cat. 4240 ; DC. Frodr. ii. 20. Z, obliqua, 
 Heyne in Roth Nov. S]X 161 ; DC. Frodr. ii. 20. Z. paniculata, Roth Nov. 
 jSp. 160 ; Wall. Cat. 4241. DC. Frodr. ii. 20. ? Z. tomentosa, Roxb. Fl. 
 Ind. i. 611. 1 Rhamnus glabratus, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7479. . 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, in Kumaon andi Sikkim, Beuar, /, D. H. Assam^, and 
 Silhet, Wallich, &c. Birma, Grijjith. Western Peninsula, from the Concan south- 
 wards; Ceylon, common up to 2000 ft. 
 
 A straggling evergreen large shrub, or small tree, often climbing. Prickles usually 
 
Zizyijhus.] XLii. rhamne^. (M. A. Lawson.) 637 
 
 solitary, recurved, short, base broad. Flowers densely pubescent, in long pedunculated 
 cymes, forming on the usually leafless branches long terminal panicles. Calyx puberu- 
 lous inside. Dish 5-lobed, hairy. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united below the middle. 
 Fruit fleshy, with a 1-celled, 1-seeded, very thin crustaceous stone. — Dalzel and Gibson 
 speak of the fruit as being very palatable, and affording great support to the inhabitants 
 of the Ghauts from March to the middle of May. Brandis calls it mawkish and 
 peculiar. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 73, identifies Z. Horsfieldii, Miq. 
 Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 643, with Z. glabra, Eoxh., but tbat species is closely allied to Z. 
 Napeca, Z., if not a variety of it. 
 
 18. Z. ? elegrans, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 366 ; Cat. 4233 ; 
 an erect nearly unarmed shrub, branches filiform pubescent, leaves l\ 
 by \ in. obliquely-ovate-lanceolate obtusely acuminate finely crenate quite 
 glabrous with 3 prominent unbranched nerves. 
 
 SiNCAPOEE, Wallich. 
 
 The flowers and fruit are not known. 
 
 UNDETERMINABLE AND EXCLODED SPECIES, 
 
 Z. Baenchia, Wall. Cat. 4249, from Monghir, and Z. globdlaris, 4248, from Birma 
 are undeterminable. 
 
 Z. Bhunder, Royle 111. i. 168, name only is undetermined. 
 
 Z. Lotus, Lamk.; Boxh. Fl. Ind. i. 610, is ambush allied to Z. nummularia, a na- 
 tive of S. Europe, N. Africa, and Arabia. 
 
 Z. NiTiDA, Boxh. Fl. Ind. i. 609, is a native of China. 
 
 Z. Spina-christi, L., is a tree cultivated in gardens in N.W. India, allied to Z. 
 Jujuba, it is a native of W. Asia and Egypt. 
 
 4. BSBCKEBIZA, Neck. 
 
 Shrubs with armed often scan dent branches. Leaves alternate, penni- 
 nerved ; nerves straight, parallel. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, 
 fascicled, fascicles disposed in axillary spikes or panicles, or in the axils of 
 the leaves, or clustered at the ends of the branches. Calyx 5- rarely 6-fid ; 
 tube hemispherical or turbinate. Petals 5, rarely 6, obovate or cucullate. 
 Disk lining the calyx-tube, margins free. Ovary sunk in the disk, but free 
 from it, 2-celled, narrowed into the bifid style. Fruit a hard or fleshy 
 drupe, girt at the base with the calyx-tube ; stone crustaceous or woody, 
 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seed linear-oblong, albumen fleshy. — Disteib. Species 
 about 10, scattered through the tropics of Asia, Africa, and America. 
 
 L B. floribunda, Wall. Cat. 4256; leaves 2-4 in. ovate acute, 
 petiole f-1 in., panicles very large terminal. Brandis For. Fl. 91. B. 
 laxa, Wall. Cat. 4257. Zizyphus floribunda. Wall, in Boxh. Fl. Ind. ed. 
 Carey, ii. 368. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, *from the Jhelum to Sikkim ; Eastern Bengal and Khasia 
 Mts., Griffith, &c. 
 
 A large erect or climbing shrub or small tree. Branches glabrous, glaucous when 
 young. Stipules 2-fid. Flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate, about 6 in a fascicle. 
 Calyx 5-fid ; calyx-lnbcs lanceolate, acute. Petals 5, spathulate. Fruit | in. long, 
 purple, cylindric. — Very closely allied to if not identical with B. racemosa, Sieb., of 
 China and Japan [Brandis). 
 
 2. B. flavescens, Wall. Cat. 4255 ; leaves 2-3 in. ovate-oblong 
 acute cuspidate, petiole f to 1 in., flowers in short terminal racemes or 
 panicles usually under 3 in. Zizyphus flavescens, WaU. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 ed. Carey, ii. 367. 
 
638 XLii. HHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Berchemia. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkiin, alt. 7-10,000 ft., J. B. H. 
 
 A climbing shrub ; young branches with black spreading deciduous hairs. Pedicels 
 |-J in. long, often arcuate. Calyx 5-M; lobes triangular, acute. Fttals 5, oblong. 
 Stamens 5. Fruit 4 in. long. 
 
 3. B. polypliylla, Wall. Cat. 4259 ; leaves 1-1^ Id. ovate obtuse, 
 petiole iiii., tiowers in axillary racemes. 
 
 BiRMA ; at Taong Dong, Wallich. 
 
 An erect? shrub; young branches, rachis, and petioles puberulous. Pedicels |-^ in. 
 long, straight. Calyx 5-fiu, lobes triangular, acute. Petals 5, almost orbicular. Stamens 5. 
 Fruit ^ in. long. — Closely allied to B.flavescens. 
 
 4. B. lineata, DC. Prodr. ii. 23; leaves'^! in. ovate or suborbicular 
 subsessile, stipules very small setaceous, flowers 2-3 together fascicled in 
 the axils of the leaves or clustered at the ends of the branches. Hook, ak 
 Am. Bot. Beech. 177, t. xxxvil ; Brandis Fcrr. Flor. 91. ? B. Poiretiana, 
 DC. Piodr. ii. 23. Ehamnus lineatus, Linn. Amcen. iv. 308. 
 
 North We.st Himalaya, from the Imlus eastwards; Khazan Valley, alt, 4-7000 ft., 
 Stewart; Sikkim, alt. 10,000 ft., /. D. //;— Distrib. China. 
 
 A difl'use shrub, with subvdluble branches, puberulous when young. Flowers on 
 slender pedicels i-| in. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes linear subulate, many limes longer 
 than the tube. Petals linear-lanceolate. Fruit ovoid, \ in. long, succulent, blue. 
 
 5. 8. Edg-eworthll, Laws. ; leaves f-1 in. subelliptic, petiole \-\ in., 
 istipules -]- in. long ovute-lauceolate scarious, flowers about 2 together in the 
 axils of the leaves. 
 
 We.stern Himalaya, alt. 7-8000 ft., Edgeioorth. 
 
 An erect? shrub, with glabrous branches. Flowers on short pedicels, the buds 
 almost hidden by the stipules. Calyx 6- fid. Pdals 6, very broadly-ovate. Stamens 6. 
 Fruit § in. long, surrounded at the base by the persistent entire calyx. — Known at 
 once by its conspicuous stipules and 6-merous flowers. 
 
 5. BKABINUS, L. 
 
 Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, penninerved. Flowers fascicled in 
 the axils of the leaves or disposed in simple or compound racemes, 
 hermaphrodite or polygamous. CaJyx 4-5-fid ; tube urceolate ; lobes 
 keeled within. Petals 4-5 or 0, cucullate or flat. Stamens 4-5. Disk thin, 
 lining the calyx-tube. Ovary free, 3-4-celled, narrowed into a 3-4-cleft 
 style. Fruit a berry-like drupe, girt at the base by the small calyx-tube, 
 2-4-celled, 2-4-seedea, obscurely dehiscent or indehiscent. Seed obovoid, 
 albumen fleshy. — Disteib. Species about 60, scattered over the hotter and 
 temperate regions of both hemispheres, 
 
 * Flowers A-merous. 
 
 1. B. Arnottianus, Gardn. in Thwaites Enum. 74; unarmed, 
 petals 0. 
 
 Ceylon ; in the most elevated parts of the Central province. 
 
 A small glabrous tree; young branches puberulous. Leaves \\-Z by |-1| in., 
 ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, clcsuly serrate. Flowers 2-4, lasc.icled in 
 the axils of the leaves. F'ruit on pedicels |-1 in. long, the size of a pea, 3-4-lobed, 
 reddish-black. — The whole plant turns blackish in drying. 
 
 2. B. perslcus, Boiss. Fl. Orient, n. 17; armed, leaves tomentose 
 beneath, petals 4. Brandis For. F'lor. 93. 
 
 SuLiMAN and Salt ranges ; Te.\ii'erate Himalaya, from the Jhelum eastwards to 
 Garwhal, alt. 2-5000 It. ; Western Tibet, alt. 9-14,000 ft.— DiaTum. Beluchistan, 
 Persia. 
 
Ehamnus.l XLii. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 639 
 
 A shrub, 6-8 ft., or small tree, 20 ft., with coarse spinous or unarmed branches. Leaves 
 fascicled at the ends of the congested branchlets, |-2 in., oblong or elliptic-lanceolate 
 or obovate, acute or rounded at the apex, minutely tomentose beneath, entire or faintly 
 serrate. Flowers few, shortly pedicellate, fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Petals 
 spathulate. Ovary 3-4-celled. Fruit ^ in. long, obovoid-globose, 2-4-celled, 1 or 2 
 of the cells often abortive. — Boissier mentions only the small obovate-leaved plants, but 
 in many specimens the large and small leaves occur together. 
 
 3. R. dahuricus. Pall. Fl. Ross. ii. t. 61 ; armed, leaves glabrous, 
 petals 4. DC. Prodr. ii. 25. R. globosus, Bmige Enum. Chin. 14. R. parvi- 
 lolius, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1857, ii. 150. R. polymorphus, IWce. Fl. Baik. 
 Dahur. i 269. R. virgatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 604 ; Don Prodr. 190 ; Brand. 
 For. Flor. 92 ; var. sy Ivestris, Maxim, in Mem. Acad. Imp. Sc. Petersb. x. 11,13. 
 
 The Panjab, at Peshawur, Steicart; Temperate Himalaya, from Jamu and Simla, 
 toBhotan, alt. 4-9500 ft.; Western Peninsula, in the Ghats. — Distrib. China, Japan. 
 
 A tree, 15-20 ft., or shrub, usually much branched, very variable in habit and shape 
 of the leaves. Branches divaricating, the spines terminating the branches and so 
 often appearing in the forks. Leaves fjiscicled at the ends of the exceedingly congested 
 branchlets, f-2 in., obovate, acuminate, to narrow elliptical-lanceolate, slightly pubes- 
 cent beneath when young. Flowers numerous, fascicled in the axils of the leaves. 
 Petals spathulate. Fruit obovate-obicular, ^ in. long. — Closely allied to the European 
 B. catharticus. It seems hardly possible to define even as varieties the numerous forms 
 that have been proposed as species. R. virgatus, var. aprica, Max. in Mem. Acad. 
 Sc. Petersb., is a dwarf form with scrubby squamose branches and very small 
 leaves. 
 
 Var. hirsutus ; a large shrub or small tree, leaves 2 in. R. hirsutus, W. & A. 
 Prodr. 165 ; Btdd. Fl. JSylv. Anal. Gen. Ixx. t. x. f. vi. — Western Peninsula. 
 
 ** Unarmed. Flowers 5-merous. 
 
 4. R. Wig-htii, W. d' A. Prodr. 164; leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in. 
 
 glabrous, flowers fascicled, petals 5. Wight Ic. t. 159; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 
 Anal. Gen. Ixx. ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 50. Ceanothus Wightiana, ]Vall. 
 Cat. 4264. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the highest hills of the Concan southwards to the Nil- 
 ghiris. Ceylon ; in the elevated parts of the Central province. 
 
 A large glabrous shrub, the younger parts drying black. Leaves elliptic or narrowly- 
 elliptic, shortly acuminate, closely serrate, subcoriaceous. Pedicels much shorter than 
 the petiole. Petals cuneate-obovate, with a short apiculus, flat. Styles 3-4, diverging. 
 
 5. R. purpureus, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 44 ; leaves «-5 
 by 1-2 in. glabrous, flowers fascicled, petals 0. Brandis For. Flor. 91. • 
 
 Western Himalaya; from Marri to Kumaon, alt. 4500-10,000 ft. 
 
 A middle-sized unarmed tree. Branches purplish, with white spots ; the young 
 leaves pubescent beneath, otherwise glabrous. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, closely 
 and finely serrate, membranous. Flowers 2-Z\ pedicels ^ in., nearly as long as the 
 petiole, Fridt on pedicels \ in., the size of a pea, subglobose, bitter and purgative. 
 
 6. R. triqueter, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 376 {under 
 Ceanothus) ; Cat. 4265 ; leaves 3-6 by 1-2| in. pubescent beneath, fascicles 
 of flowers disposed in racemes. — Brand. For. Fl. 92. 
 
 Pan JAB, in the Salt range ; W^estern Himalaya, from the Jhelum, alt. 3-4000 ft., 
 Steicart; to Kumaon, alt. 6000 ft. 
 
 A shrub, the young branches pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 
 acute or subacuminate, closely serrate, the old leaves pubescent on the nerves only. 
 Fiowers shortly pedicellate, fascicled on the leafless (very rarely leafy) branches, pu- 
 berulous. PeUiU broadly obovate, emarginate. Fruit ^ in., obovoid, 3-lol)ed. — Although 
 "Wallich says of this species that the fruit is acutely 3-cornered, I do not find it to be 
 the case in any of his specimens. 
 
640 XLii RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [JR?iamnus. 
 
 7. R. nlpalensis. Wall, in Eoxb. Fl. hid. ed. Carey, ii. 375 (Ceanothus) : 
 Qai. 42(j3 \ leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 in. glabrous fascicles of flowers disposed 
 in simple or compound racemes, petals 5. 
 
 Central and Eastern Himalaya; Nipal, WalUch; Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft., 
 J. D. H. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 8-4000 ft., and Assam ; Birma ? Griffith. 
 
 A suberect or rambling shrub, with long slender ghibrous branches, or pubescent only 
 on the younger parts. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, serrate, 
 membriinuus or subcoriaceous, dark-green and sbiuing above. Flowers shortly pedicel- 
 late, small, green, pubescent. Petals oblong, concave. Fruit \ in., broadly obovate, 
 blackish-red. 
 
 8. R. procumbens, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 43 ; leaves I- 1 in., 
 petals 0. K. rupestris, Roi/le III. 169 {jiame only). 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Simla to Kuinaon, alt. 7-8000 ft., Edgeivorth, &c. 
 
 A small shrub with prostrate branches, the younger ones pubescent. Leaves lanceo- 
 late, acute or subacuminate, coriaceous, serrulate, very shortly petiolate. Flowers 1-2, 
 in the axils of the leaves, pedicellate. Fruit fleshy. 
 
 6. KOVEXZA, Thunb. 
 
 A small unarmed tree. Leaves alternate, subbifarious. Flmvers in 
 pedunculated, dichotomous, many-flowered, axillary and terminal cymes. 
 Cal'jx 5-fid ; tube broadly obconical. PtUdji 5, inserted below the disk, 
 clawed, cucullate. Stamens 5, a little longer than the petals. ])Uk 
 lining the calyx-tube, the margin free and hairy. Ovarij conical, sunk in 
 disk,°3-celled ; style 3-cleft, branches straight, erect. Fruit with arching 
 thickened pedicels, the size of a pea, indehiscent, obscurely 3-lobed, 
 3-celled, 3-seeded, the outer covering coriaceous and separating from the 
 inner membranous endocarp. 
 
 1. K. dulcis, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 101 ; Lamk III t. 131 ; Sieh. Fl. Jap. 
 t. 73 & 74; Jiot. Mag. t. 2360; Roxb. FL Ind. i. 630; Wall. Cat. 4274; 
 be. Frodr.ii. 40; Urandis For. Flor. 94; JJan Frodr. 189. H. acerba, 
 Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 501 ; L>C. Frodr. ii. 40. H. insequalis, DC. 
 Frodr. ii. 40. 
 
 SuBTROi'icAL Himalaya ; alt. 3-6500 ft., from Chamba and Hazara to Bhotan, but 
 often cultivated. — Distrib. China and Japan. 
 
 A tree 30 ft, ; trunk straight ; head broad, rounded. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., ovate- 
 acuminate, deeply and sharply serrate or nearly entire, membranous, glabrous or more 
 raftely pubescent, 3-nerved at the base, the midrib pinnately branched. — Extensively 
 cultivated in China and Japan tor its sweet fleshy peduncles, which taste like a Ber- 
 gamot pear. 
 
 7. SCUTIA, Comm. 
 
 Glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, pcnninerved, co- 
 riaceous. Flowers in axillary fascicles or subumbellate. Ccdyx 5-fid ; 
 tube hemispherical or turbinate. Petals 5, clawed, emarginate, flat 
 or hooded. Bisk filling the calyx-tube. JStamens 5, equalling the 
 petals. Ovary sunk in the disk, 2-4-celled, narrowed into a short 2-3- 
 cleft style. Fruit broadly obovoid or subglobose, dry or sub-fleshy, 
 surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-tube, 2-4-celled, 2-4- 
 seeded.— Distrib. Species 8; natives of Asia, Africa, and tropical 
 America. 
 
 S. indica, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 363; W. d- A. Frodr. 165; 
 Wight III. i. t. 73 ; Balz. d' Gils. Bomb. Fl. 50 ; Thzvaiies Enum. 75 ; 
 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixx. S. Commersoni, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. 
 Nat. JSer. 1, x. 363. S. lucida, G. Von Gen. iSyst. ii. 33. S. Rheediana^ 
 
Scutia.] XLii. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. LawsoD.) 641 
 
 Wight Ic. t. 1071. Catha zeylanica, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 10. Ceanothus 
 circumscissa, Gasrtn. Fruct. ii. t. 106 ; Wall. Cat. 4266 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 
 30. C. zeylanica, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp» 153 ; Wall, Gat. 4267 ; 
 DC. Prodr. ii. 30. Celastrus zeylanica, Roth in Romi. <& Schidt. 
 Syst. V. 427 ; Nov. Sp. 398 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 9. Rhamnus circumscissus, 
 Linn.f. Suppl. 152 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 603. R. lucidus, Roxb. Fl.Ind. i. 605. 
 E. myrtinus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 60.— Rubiacea, Wall. Cat. 8300. Rhamnea ] 
 lucida, Wall. Cat. 4250. 
 
 BiRMA, Wallich ; Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards ; Ceylon, in 
 the hot dry parts of the plains. — Distrib, Mauritius, Roxb. 
 
 Branches straggling, armed with subopposite recurved prickles, more rarely un- 
 armed. Leaves |-14 in. long, orbicular or obovate entire, or crenate. 
 
 8. SAGBRETIA, Brongn. 
 
 Unarmed or spinous shrubs, with slender subscandent or rigid opposite 
 or subopposite branches. Leaves subopposite, penninerved, nerves arched. 
 Flowers very small, sessile on the terminal leafless paniculate branches. 
 Calyx 5-fid, tube hemispherical ; lobes acute, keeled within. Petals 5, 
 clawed, hooded. StaTnens 5, equalling the petals. Disk cup-shaped, lining 
 the calyx-tube, margin free 5-lobed. Ovary sunk in the disk, but free 
 from it, 3-celled ; style short, 3-grooved, stigmas 3 capitate. Fruit globose, 
 3-celled, 3-seeded, coriaceous, indehiscent. — Disteib. Species about 11 ; 
 natives of Central and Eastern Asia, Java, and the hotter parts of North 
 America. 
 
 1. S. haxnosa, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 360 ; leaves 4-5 
 by 2 in. elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate serrate glabrous on both sur- 
 faces. Berchemia ] hamosa. Wall. Cat. 4253. Zizyphus hamosa. Wall, in 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 369. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich; Western Peninsula ; Pulney Mts., Wight. — Distrib. Formosa. 
 
 A large shrub, with long straggling glabrous branches, unarmed or with very stout short 
 deflexed spines. Flowers puberulous, in terminal and axillary panicles not longer than 
 the leaves. Fruit ? 
 
 2. S. opposltifolia, Brongn. in Ann. Nat. Sc. ser. 1, x. 360 ; leaves 
 2-4 in. ovate-lanceolate acute or subacuminate glabrous and dark green 
 above covered beneath when young with a dense woolly tomentum, 
 Brand. For. Fl. 95. Sageretia filiformis, G, Don Gen. Syst. li. 29. 
 Berchemia ? opposltifolia, Wall. Cat. 4254. B. 1 parviflora. Wall. Cat. 4258. 
 Rhamnus filiformis, Roth Nov. Sp. 153. R. parviflorus, Flein in Roem. <h 
 Schidt. Syst. V. 295 ;^ DC. Prodr. i\. 28. Kmgynus, Don Prodr. 190. 
 Zizyphus oppositifolia, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 370. 
 
 N.W. India and Subtropical Himalaya ; from Peshawur and Kajaori eastward to 
 Nipal, alt. 2-5000 ft. ; Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. — Distrib. 
 Java. 
 
 A shrub or small tree, with long slender subsarmentose spinous branches, tomen'ose 
 when young. Leaves with 5-8 pairs of nei-ves; petiole 4 in. Flowers in large terminal 
 panicles. Fruit turbinate, \ in. long, black, succulent, sweetish. 
 
 3. S. theezans, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 360; leaves 1^2 in. 
 ovate or elliptic minutely serrate dark green and glabrous above pubescent 
 when young beneath. Brandis For. Flor. 95. Sageretia, Wall. Cat. 9010. 
 Rhamnus theezans, Linn. Mant. 207. 
 
 VOL. L T T 
 
642 XLii. RHAMNEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Sageretia. 
 
 The Salt and Suliman Ranges, alt. 2-8000 ft., Fleming; Hazara, Steioart ; 
 Western Himalaya, alt. 3-8000 ft., from Kashmir to Simla. — Distrib. Beluchistan, 
 China. 
 
 A sarmentose spinous shrub with long slender branches. Flowers in long slender 
 interi-upted spikes. Spines a.nAjlvicer branches squarrnse, or at the ends of the pendant 
 branches. Fruit the size of a pea, globose, succulent, irregularly rugose, dark brown. — 
 The fruit is sweet to the taste and extensively eaten, the leaves are used as a sub- 
 stitute for tea. 
 
 Vak. diospiryfolia ; a scrubby shrub not sarmentose, leaves shorter and broader, 
 flower-spikes shorter. S. theezans, Brand. For. Fl. 95. Rhamnea? diospjrifolia, 
 Wall Cat. 4251.— Ava,WaZZtcA. 
 
 4. S. Brandrethiana, Aitch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 62; leaves 
 |-1 iiL elliptic crenate or nearly entire glabrous above covered with a dense 
 white woolly tonientum beneath 4-8-nerved very shortly petioled. Boiss. Fl. 
 Orient, il 22 ; Brand. Fcyr. Fl. i. 95. 
 
 North Western India ; the Salt Range, Jhelum and Peshawur, Fleming, &c. — 
 DiSTRiH. ^^*estward to Persia and Arabia. 
 
 A scrtibby shrub, with numerous spinose pubescent branches. Flowers in terminal 
 and axillary panicles. Fruit the size of a small pea, ovoid, 3-lobed, succulent, black, 
 with raised longitudinal lines. — The fruit is sweet and much eaten by the Atfghaus. 
 Brandis. 
 
 5. corymbosa, O. Don Gen. JSyst. ii. 29, is a West Indian species incorrectly stated 
 by Don to be East Indian. 
 
 a COZ«T7B3,XNA, Tdch. 
 
 Erect shmbs. Zo:/>w alternate. /7o?/v/-.s in very short axillary cymes. 
 Calyx 5-fid; tube hemispherical. Petals 5, clawed, springing from the 
 margin of the disk, hooded. Stamens 5. Di^k fleshy, filling the calyx-tube. 
 Ovary sunk in the disk and confluent with it, 3-celIed ; style 3-cleft ; 
 stigmas nflexed. Fruit the size of a pea, subglobose, surrounded below the 
 middle by the remains of the calyx-tube, :j-celled, cells 1-seeded, tardily 
 dehiscent. — Distrlb. fcSpecies 10, chiefly tropical American. 
 
 1. C. aaiatica, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 369; whole plant 
 quite ^hibrMu.s, leaves l?,-2in. by |-1| in. acuminate. W. d' A. Frodr. 1G6 ; 
 Wight III. i. t. 74 ; iJah. d' Gibs. B<mh. Fl. 50 ; Thivaites Enuni. 75 ; Bedd. 
 Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. bcix. Ci javanicn , ulAV/. Fi. I ml. Bat, pt] 1, dig . 
 Ceanotlius asiaticus, ^fert7??X:. ///. t. 129, f. 2 -J DC. Prodr. ii. 30; Boxb. Fl. 
 Tnd. i. 615; !!«//. fe/. 4262. C. capsularis, Forst. Prodr. 18; DC. 
 Prodr. ii. 32. Pomaderria^ capsularis, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 39; Burm. 
 Zeylan. t. 48. Pvhamnus acuminata, Colebr. in Roxb. Fl. hid. i. 615. 
 
 Eastern and Western Peninsulas; from the Concan and Tenasserim southwards. 
 Ceylon, north end of the Island.— Distrib. Java, Borneo, Australia, S.W. -Africa. 
 
 Unarmed. Leaves 2 by 1 in., ovate, subacuminate, crenate-serrate, glabrous, mem- 
 branous, 3-nerved at the base, the midrib pinnately branched. Cymes \-^ in. long. 
 Flowers yellowish green. 
 
 2. C. pubescens, Kurz in Journ.. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 301 ; branches 
 and flowers Iiispidly-i)ubescent, leaves l|-2^by |-1 in. 
 
 Peou, Kurz. 
 
 Leaves ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, hispidly-pubescent on both sides. Petals 
 nearly sessile, broadly oval, emarginate, very concave. Fruit ? 
 
CoMrina,] xlii. rhamne^. (M. A. Lawson.) 643 
 
 3. C. travancorica, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 188 ; young branches 
 covered with a dark rust-coloured pubescence, leaves 3-5 by li-lf in. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Quilon, WigJd ; S. Travancor, Beddome. 
 
 Leaves oblong shortly and suddenly acuminate, glabrous above, slightly pubescent 
 on the nerves beneath. Flowers ^ in. across. Pedicels puberulous. Cabjx-tube with a 
 few hispid hairs, otherwise glabrous. Petals clawed, spathulate, acute. 
 
 10. APTEXION, Kurz. 
 
 A scandent shrub. Leaves penninerved. Flowers small, fascicled, dis- 
 posed in panicled racemes. Cali/x 5-fid, tube shortly obconic; lobes 
 spreading, acute. Petals 5 obovate, minute, inserted between the calyx- 
 lobes. Stamens 5, a little longer than the petals, filaments filiform. Bisk 
 flat, free. Ovary subglobose, immersed in the disk, 2-celled; style very 
 short, stigmas 2. Drupe ? globose, adnate to the calyx-tube as in Gouania, 
 and crowned by the calyx-limb, 1-celled by arrest, 1-seeded 1 
 
 1. A. lanceolatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 301. 
 
 Tenasserim, Kurz. 
 
 A l^^e scandent shortly-tomentose "shrub. Leaves 4-5 in., lanceolate, with a long 
 some \^k obtuse point, serrate, chartaceous with a fulvous pubescence on the nerves, at 
 length glabrous, lateral nerves numerous (7-9) prominent and reaching to the margin. 
 Panicles hoary or yellowishly tomentose. Flowers small ; pedicels ^V in., slender or 
 subfleshy, puberulous, fascicled or sub-solitary. Calyx J-^ in. diam., puberulous. 
 Oyarz/ pubescent ; style shortly bifid. Fruit f — Kurz speaks of the iw?wa^Mre /n«7 as 
 being globose, and the size of a peppercorn. I have seen no specimen. 
 
 11. GOUANZA, Linn. 
 
 Unarmed climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flmoers polygamous, in 
 axillary or terminal spikes ; rachis often cirrhose. Calyx superior, 5-fid ; 
 tube short, obconic. Petals 5, inserted below the margin of the disk, 
 hooded. -Stamens 5, enfolded by the petals. Bisk filling the calyx-tube, 
 5-angled or stellate. Ovary sunk in the disk, 3-celled ; style 3-cleft. 
 Fruit inferior, coriaceous, crowned by the persistent limb of the calyx, 
 3-winged. — Dtstrib. Species 30, chiefly American, a few are African and 
 Asiatic, and one belongs to the Pacific Islands. 
 
 1. Gr. microcarpa, BC. Prodr. ii. 40 ; flowers sessile densely pubescent, 
 disk glabrous 5-lobed, style-arms glabrous minute. W. <k A. Prodr. 167; 
 Wall. Cat. 4271 ; Thwaites Enum. 75. G. integrifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. 
 Soc. Beng. 1871, pt. ii. 49. G. tilisefolia, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4271. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. Pegu, Kurz. Malacca, 
 Griffith, &c. Ceylon, ascending to 2000 ft. — Distrib, Java. 
 
 Young branches and racemes pubescent. Leaves 2-3 by |-1| in., ovate or elliptic, 
 acute or acuminate, orbicular or subcordate at the base, entire or very faintly crenate- 
 serrate, glabrous. Calyx densely hairy outside, glabrous within. Petals obovate-oblong, 
 very concave, margins involute. Disklohes faintly emarginate, or truncate. Fniit 
 shortly winged, pubescent, at length glabrous. 
 
 2. G". leptostachya, BC. Prodr. ii. 40 ; flowers shortly pedicelled 
 glabrous, disk glabrous 5-lobed, lobes oblong faintly emarginate, style- 
 arms elongate. _Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 95 [not Lamk.) ; Wall. Cat. 4270; 
 W. d: A. Prodr. 1G6 ; Bah. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 50. 
 
 tt2 
 
644 XLii. RHAMNE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Gotiania, 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, from Kumaon to Assam and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 
 4000 ft. ; Banda, Bikma, TENAssERm, and the Malay Peninsula. — Distbib. Java, 
 Philippines. 
 
 Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by lf-2 in., ovate, acuminate, subcordate at the 
 base, serrulate. Bacemes slightly puberulous ; bracteoles conspicuous, subulate. Calyx 
 
 {jlabrous or with a very few scatttered hairs on the outside. Petals hooded. Styles \ the 
 ength of the calyx-Begments. Fruit glabrous. 
 
 3. G-. napalensis, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 417; Cat. 
 A272 ; flowers pubescent, disk glabrous the lobes linear acuminate, style- 
 arms much elongated, 
 
 Njpal, Wallkh. SiKKiM, Oriff. 
 
 Leaves longer and the fiowers a little larger than in the last species, and the styles 
 twice as long. 
 
 12. KEZiZMUS, E. Meyer. 
 
 Unarmed scandent cirrhose shnibs, with slender anprular branches. Leaves 
 alternate, entire. Floivers umbellate, on long slender pei^^luncles. Calyx 
 superior, tube broadly obconic. Petals 5, inserted upon the margin of the 
 disk, hooded. Stamens 5, equalling the petals. Disk epigynous, filling the 
 ' calyx-tube. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, 3-cleft, stigmas recurved. Fi-uit 
 inferior, obovoid-globose, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded, coriaceous, tardily de- 
 hiscing. — DiSTKiB. Species 3, two African, and one North Indian. 
 
 1. R. lanceolatus, Brand. For. Fl. 574. Gouania lanceolata, Wall. 
 Cat. 4273. 
 
 The Panjab, Oude, and the Western Himalaya from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 
 1-4000 ft. 
 
 The whole plant quite glabrous, or the youngest pai-ts of the shoots and flowers 
 pubescent. Leaves i-\'i by \-\ in., ovate to ovate-lanceolate. 
 
 Order XLIII. AMPELIDEJB. (By M. A. Lawson, F.L.S.) 
 
 Small trees or shrubs, usually climbing by means of tendrils, more rarely 
 radicant (sometimes herbaceous in Leea) ; juice copious, watery. Steins 
 angled compressed or cylindric, with numerous very large proper vessels. 
 Leaves alternate, usually petioled, simple or digitately or pedately 3-9-folio- 
 late, rarely pinnate or decompound. Floivers umbellately- paniculately- or 
 spicately-cymose. Peduncles often transformed into simple or compound 
 tendrils or adhering to rocks or trees by viscid pads terminating the 
 ultimate segments, or expanded into a broad floriferous membrane (7^/^7-i- 
 santhes). Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Calyx small, 
 entire or 4-5-toothed or- lobed. PeUds 4-5, distinct, or cohering, valvate, 
 caducous. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals, inserted at the base of the 
 disk or between its lobes, filaments short subulate ; anthers free or connate. 
 2-celIed, introrse. Disk free or connate with the petals stamens or ovary, 
 annular or variously expanded. Ovary 2-6-celled ; style short, slender 
 conical or 0, stigma minute or large and flat, subhibed ; ovules 1-2 in 
 each cell, ascending, anatropal, raphe ventral. Berry 1-6-celled ; cells 
 1-2-seeded. Seed erect, often rugidose, albumen cartilaginous; embryo 
 short basal, cotyledons ovate. — Distrib. S|)ecies about 250, inhabiting 
 the tropical and temperate regions of the whole world. 
 
XLiii. AMPELiBEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 645 
 
 Scandent shrubs, usually bearing tendrils. Flowers racemose or 
 
 cymose. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled 1. Vitis. 
 
 Flowers sessile on the dilated membranous peduncle .... 2. Pteeisantheb. 
 Erect shrubs destitute of tendrils. Petals and stamens connate 
 
 with the disk. Ovary 3-6-celled, cells 1-ovuled 3. Leea. 
 
 1. VITIS, Linn. 
 
 Sarmentose sbnibs, climbing, usually by means of leaf-opposed tendrils, 
 rarely rooting. Leaves simple or 3-9-foliolate and then digitate or pedate, 
 rarely pinnate or bipinnate. Flowers umbellately- paniculately- racemosely- 
 or spicately-cymose, usually ebracteate, sometimes polygamous. Calyx 
 short, entire, or 4-5-toothed or -lobed. Petals 4-5, free or cohering at the 
 apex. Stamens 4-5, inserted below the margins of the disk ; anthers free. 
 Ovary 2- very rarely 3-4-celled ; style or short ; ovules 2 in each celL 
 Berry ovoid or globose, 1-2-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. — Distrib. About 230 
 species growing mostly in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa and 
 Polynesia, more rarely in America. 
 
 Sect. I. Leaves simple. 
 
 * Petals and Stamens 4. 
 
 t Flowers umhellately-cymose, 
 
 § SteTM and brandies acutely angled or winged, {See 7, diffusa.) 
 
 1. V. quadrang-ularls, Wall, Gat. 5992 ; stems 4-winged very thick 
 fleshy greatly contracted at the nodes. W. <& A. Prodr. 125 ; Wigkt Ic. 
 t. 51 ; Brand. For. Ft. 100.. Cissus edulis, Dalz. in Hooh. Lond. Journ. 
 Bot. ix. 248; Dalz. <h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 40; Thtvaites Enum. 62. C. quad- 
 rangularis, Linn. Mant. 39 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 407 ; DC. Prodr. i. 628 ; 
 Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 33 ; Dalz. <k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 39. Saelanthus qua- 
 dragonous, Forsk. Descr. 33, t. 2. — Rheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 41. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the foot of the Western Himalayas in 
 Kumaon to Ceyi.on and Malacca. — Distkib. Java, East Africa. 
 
 Stems glabrous, often of a great length, sometimes nearly leafless. Leaves \-\\ in., 
 broadly cordate or reniform or 3-5-lobed, crenate-serrate, glabrous. Cymes small, 
 shortly peduncled, glabrous. Style conspicuous, slender, stigma small. Berry globose, 
 red, succulent, the size of a pea, very acrid. — The stems are frequently eaten by the 
 natives of Ceylon in their curry. 
 
 2. V. g-lyptocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 62 (Cissus) ; branches slender 4- 
 winged, leaves 2-3 by 1-1 f in. truncate-cordate acuminate glabrous above, 
 nerves beneath with a few appressed hairs. 
 
 Ceylon ; hot drier parts of the Island, Thwaites. 
 
 Leaves serrate; petiole f-1^ in. Cymes 3-5-rayed, longer than the petioles, glabrous. 
 Flowers small, rufescent. Petals acute, reflexed. Style conspicuous. Fruit \ in., 
 oblong, 1 -seeded, blackish-purple. 
 
 3. V. sag-ittifolla, Laws. ; very glaucous, stems 4-angled or -winged 
 flaccid not contracted at the joints, leaves cordate-sagittate peltate. V. 
 glaberrima. Wall. Cat. 5991 in part; W. dc A. Prodr. 125. Cissus hastata, 
 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Siippl. 517. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Sincapore, Wallich; Penang, Porter; Malacca, Griffith. — 
 Distrib. Java. 
 
646 LXiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis. 
 
 A weak trailin^^ plant. Leaves 3-5 by 1^-2^ in., entire or distantly and often 
 bristly-serrate ; petiole 14-2 in. FetaU about -^ j in. Style conspicuous, slender. Berry 
 small, obovoid, 2-seeded. 
 
 4. V. lonchiphylla, Thwaites Enum. 62 (Cissus) ; stems tliick weak 
 acutely-angled glabrous, leaves 4-7 by H-2| in. oblong-lanceolate acumi- 
 nate roundly truncate at the base, petiole \-\ in. 
 
 Cevlon ; Arabagamowa district, at no great elevation, Thwaites. 
 Leaves remotely denticulate, 3-nerved at the base, stibpeltate. Cymes longer than 
 the short petiole. Flowers small. Fruit depressed, globose. 
 
 5. V. pentag'ona, Raxb. Fl. Ind. i 408 (Cissus) ; stem 5-angled woody 
 not contracted at the nodes. DC. Prodr. i. 628 (Cissus) ; Kuy-z in Jown. 
 As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 74. 
 
 Forests of Chittaqono, Roxburgh; Arracan and South Andaman Islds. Kurz. 
 
 iS'^ez/w more robust and wiry than in the last species. Leaves 3-4 by \\-'i\ in., 
 ovate or cordate-ovate, acuminate, serrulate, glabrous. Cymes on long peduncles. 
 Flowers yellowish. Petals about ^\ in. /Style shorter and stouter than iu the last 
 species, stigma capitate. Fruit f 
 
 §§ Steins cylindric terete or dbacyrely angl^. {Except 7, diffusa.) 
 a. Plants glabrous. 
 
 6. V. griaberrlma, Wall in Roxh. Fl. Tnd. ed. Carey, ii. 476 ;Cai. 5jfol 
 in ])art ; glabrous, not glaucous, stem fleshy obtusely angled jointed not 
 contracted at the nodes, leaves coriaceous obtuse or subcordate at the 
 base, tendrils 0, flowers | in. conical. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Penang and Sincapore, Wallich. 
 
 Leaves 2\-b by 1-24 i°-i oblong, rounded at the apex or very shortly cuspidate, 
 entire or remotely and very faintly bristly-crenate, drying green. Cymes about 1 in. 
 long, compact. Fruit (unripe) 2-celled. — The absence of tendrils and large flowers serve 
 to distinguish this species from its allies. 
 
 7. V. diffusa, Afiq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i. 83 ; glabrous, stem 
 4-5-angled or subterete suffrutescent, leaves subfleshy concave-truncate at 
 the base, tendrils simple, flowers \ in. oblong. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; Sincapore, G. Thomson; Malacca, 3Iaingay. — DisTRin. Java? 
 
 Leaves 3-5 by 2-3 in., ovate, drying an ashy-brown, entire or distantly and faintly 
 serrate. Tendrils long, woody, opposite the leaves. Cymes less compact than in v. 
 glnberrima. Fruit fleshy, 1 -celled, 1-seeded, black. — The description of the flowe^rs is 
 taken from Miquel's V. nodosa var. auhovata, for any difference between it and this 
 species I am not able to distinguish. 
 
 8. V. furcata, Laws. ; glabrous, branches cylindric woody not jointed, 
 leaves 3-4 by 2-2i in. broadly ovate cuspidate distantly and faintly serrate 
 coriaceous, tendrils forked towards the tips, petals ^ in., fruit nearly | in. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula ; Sincapore, G. Thomson ; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A woody climber. Tendrils long, woody. Flowers much smaller than in V. diffusa. 
 Style conspicuous. Fruit obovate, black, dry, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed ^V hy W in-i 
 obovate, angled, brown. 
 
 0. V. repens, W. d- A. Prodr. 125 ; quite glabrous and glaucous, 
 brandies cylindric weak fleshy, leaves 3-8 by l-3s in. cordate-ovate acute 
 with distant sharp spinous teeth pale green membranous, tendrils forked, 
 petals 3V~8 ill-) fruit the size of a pea,, pedicels slender. Dalz. <{r Gils. 
 Bomb. Fl. 39. V. glauca, Wall. Cat, 5990 excej^^ Gr. C. cordata, Roxb. Fl. 
 
Vitis.] Lxiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 647 
 
 Ind. 1. 407 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 32. C. repens, Lamk. ; DC. Frodr. i. 
 
 e28.~JRheede Ilort. Mai. vii. t. 48. 
 
 Eastern Tropical Himalaya, the Khasia Mts., Assam, and Silhet, ascending to 
 5000 ft. Chittagong. Tenasserim. Western Peninsula. — Distrib. Java, Amboyua. 
 {Boxb.) 
 
 A weak trailing plant, always very glaucous, at least when young. Tendrils weak, 
 fleshy. Umbels on slender peduncles, 1-4 in., the 'rays again umbelliferous. " Style 
 very conspicuous. Fruit di7,4)edicels ^-1 in., neither fleshy nor increasing in size. 
 jSeed ^ in., globosely-pyrifoim, smooth, pale. 
 
 10. V. discolor, Dah. in Hook Eew Journ. Bot. ii. 39 ; glabrous, 
 not glaucous, stems subangular weak, leaves 3-12 by 1-4 in. narrowly cor- 
 date-ovate acute the upper lanceolate subcordate or entire at the base 
 bristly-serrate blotched with white on the upper surface membranous, 
 tendrils forked, flowers and fruit as in V. repens. Dalz. (b Gibs. Bomb. 
 Fl. 40. V. insequalis, Wall. Cat. 6010 ; W. & A. Frodr. 125. ? V. diver- 
 sifolia, Wall. Cat. h^m. %N. costata, Wall. Cat. 6011. C. discolor, ^^wme 
 Bijd, 181 ; Bot. Mag. 80, t. 4763. 
 
 Tropical Sikkim Himalaya, the Khasia Mts., and Silhet, ascending to 3000 ft. ; 
 Chittagoxg, Pegu, and Tenasserim. Western Peninsula, in the Concan, Dalzell.-^ 
 Distrib. Java. 
 
 Branches and pedicels bright red. Leaves oblique, spotted with transverse blotches 
 of white between the nerves on the upper surface, purple beneath. Fruit reddish purple. 
 Seed as in V. repens. — The presence and position of the blotches seem to be very 
 uncertain. Instead of the discolorations lying between, they sometimes follow the 
 course of the nerves, while sometimes the leaves are entirely destitute of any marlyings, 
 in which case the plant becomes Cissus velutinus, Linden Cat. (in Bot. Mag. 86, t. 5207). 
 Vitis incequalis, Wall., appears to belong to the uncoloured forms of this species, in 
 which the leaves are narrowly ovate-lanceolate, almost entire and very unequal at the 
 base. To specimens taken from the tops of branches of either this species or V. reperts 
 must probably be referred V. costata, Wall, and V. diversifoUa, Wall. 
 
 11. V. Keyneana, Wall. Cat. 5988 A ; W. & A. Frodr. 125, not DC. ; 
 quite glabrous, branches thick hollow succulent, leaves 3-7 by l|-4 in. 
 cordate-ovate or ovate distantly and faintly serrate thick and leathery, 
 tendrils simple, peduncle 1 in. usually 2-rayed, rays bearing numerous 
 umbellate flowers, pedicels thick, petals i in., fruit \ in. Cissus rotun- 
 diatia, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5988 ; 1 DC. Frodr. i. 628. 
 
 Western Peninsula in the Southern provinces, Courtallam and Travancor, WigU. 
 Ceylon, Thwaites. 
 
 A coarse plant with thick fleshy leathery stems. Leaves pale green. Tendrils 
 stout. Petals distinct. Style conspicuous. Fruit pyriform, dry, 1-2-seeded, the pedi- 
 cels thickened upwards.— Cissus glauca, Thwaites (Enum. 62), has thick fleshy stems 
 and leaves as in this species, leaves 6-8 by 4 in. ovate obtuse ; the fruit resembles that 
 of V. pallida, to which perhaps it is most closely allied. 
 
 12. V. pallida, W. db A. Frodr. 125; quite glabrous or young parts 
 slightly puberulous, brauches thick fleshy hollow, leaves 4-10 in. broadly 
 cordate dentate-serrate or inciso-serrate often repand, tendrils simple,, 
 peduncle 1-2 in. very thick fleshy, cyme compact fleshy subcorymbose, 
 bracts and bracteoles large glabrous and pellucid, petals jV i^-j ^^i* ^^® 
 size of a pea. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 393. ? V. Wallichii, kurz in Journ, 
 As. iSoQ. Beng. 1872, ii, 302. 
 
648 XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis* 
 
 Western Himalaya, Garwlial, Strach. & Wint. Western Peninsula, from the 
 Concan southwards. Ava ? iiTwrz.— Distrib, Ahjssinia. 
 
 Young branches and leaves often pellucid. Leaves pale green; petiole 2-5 in. 
 Tendril short, fleshy, opposite the leaves or 0. Petals distinct. Style long, slender. 
 Fruit subglobose, 1- or according to W. & A. l-2-8eeded ; pedicels very thick and 
 fleshy. Seed | in., pyriform, smooth, pale.— ^Wight and Amott refer Cissxis vitiginea, 
 Eoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 406, to this species, but Roxburgh's figure is without doubt V. lanata. 
 
 13. V. g'lauca, W. ^ A. Prodr. 126; whole plant except the younger 
 parts quite glabrous, stems glaucous, leaves 5-10 by 2-4| in. with long 
 petioles roundly cordate rarely obscurely lobed cuspidate bristly- serrate 
 membranous, tendrils forked, peduncles 2-3 in. very slender 3-5-rayed, 
 rays umbellately many-flowered, bracts and bracteoles very small deci- 
 duous, petals -^^ in., fruit the size of a pea. V. Kleinii, Wall. Cat. 6008 A, B. 
 Cissus cordata, Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 407 ; DC Prodr. i. 628. C. glauca, Roxh, 
 Fl. Ind. i. 406 ; Grali. Cat. Bovib. PI. 32. C. purpureus, Roxh. ex Steiid. 
 ed. ii. vol i. '373.—Rfie€de Ilort. Mal. vii. 21, t. 11. 
 
 We.stern Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. 
 
 Stems succulent, dark brown, cylindric, faintly striate. Leaves slightly puberulouB 
 when young, drying black. Cymes slender. Floioers very small ; pedicels A in., very 
 slender. Pttab dlatiact. /S^^e long, slender. J-rMiY subglobose, 1-2 -seeded. Seedf 
 
 Var. Stems woody swollen at the nodes. Leaves distantly and very obtusely 
 crenate not bristly-serrate. — Courtallam. 
 
 14. V. assamioai Laws. ; whole plant except the youngest parts quite 
 glabrous, branches subangular woody, leaves roundly cordate or orbicular 
 cuspidate or suddenly and shortly acuminate bristly-serrate with recurved 
 margins very prominently nerved beneatii harsh and subcoriaceous, tendrils 
 simple, cyme's slender, petals ^ in., fruit the size of a pea. 
 
 Assam, Griffith. 
 
 Stems very firm and rigid, turning black when diy ; a hard harsh plant when com- 
 pared with V. glauca. Floioers on slender pedicels. Petals distinct. Style y\j in., 
 stigma subcapitate. Fruit \ in., turbinate, dry, black, subangled, l-seeded. Seed \ in. 
 pyriform. — Very closely allied to V. adnata. 
 
 /3. Leaves jiuhesceiit or tomentose beneath. 
 
 15. V. g-ig-antea, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Sac. xxv. 212 ; an enormous 
 climber, branches terete round glabrous, leaves 6-8 in. cordate with a 
 deep sinus and long point mucronate glabrous above subtomentose 
 beneath, tendrils bifid. ^ 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Anamallay forests, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome. 
 
 Stems 4-5 in. diam., bark corky. Leaves crenate, crenatures sharply toothed, 5- 
 nerved; petiole 2-4 in. Cymes 3-5-rayed, rays bearing minute green umbellate 
 flowers. — I have never seen this species. 
 
 16. V. repanda, W. & A. Prodr. 125 ; stems and leaves with appressed 
 woolly tomentum, leaves 4-8 by 3-6 in. broadly cordate coarsely crenate 
 or dentate or inciso-serrate or sublobed often repand densely covered when 
 young with rust-coloured hairs at length glabrous above, tendrils forked, 
 petals cohering at the apex, fruit \ in. pyriform. V. Iseta, Wall. Cat. 6002. 
 V. rosea, Royle III. 149, t. 26, f. 1. Cissus acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 62. 
 C. aquosa, Wall. Cat. 6000. C. repanda, Vahl; DC. Prodr. i. 627; 
 Grah. Gat. Bomb. PI. 32 ; Dalz. <fc Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 39. C. repens, Thwaites 
 
Vitis.] LXiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 649 
 
 Umim. 62. C. riparia, Wall. Cat. 6038. C. vitiginea, Linn. Sp. PI. 117 ; 
 DC. Frodr. i. 627 (7iot of Roxburgh). 
 
 North Western Himalaya ; Garwhal, Falconer, &c. Assam, Silhet, and 
 Eastern Bengal ; Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. Ceylon, not 
 uncommon. 
 
 Branches coarse trailing or creeping. Stems and older branches with wrinkled bark. 
 Cymes slender, peduncle 2-5 in. bearing 3-5 rays or branching subcorymbosely with 
 the flowers ultimately umbellate. Bracts and bracteoles densely woolly. Fruit tipped 
 with the persistent style. Seed pyriform, smoothish. — Very variable ; the more succu- 
 lent and glabrous forms closely resembling some specimens of V. pallida, while those 
 with cordate-ovate leaves and less persistent bracteoles are with difficulty distinguished 
 from V. adnata, to which indeed it is very closely allied. Under F. paniculata. Wall. 
 Cat. 6022, are two species, the one with simple leaves probably belongs to V. repanda, 
 the other with 5-foliolate leaves and labelled C. j>entaphylla f Hb. Madras, belongs to 
 F. tenuifolia. 
 
 17. V. adnata, Wall. Cat. 5998 ; stems leaves and inflorescence clothed 
 with a rast-coloured pubescence, leaves 4-8 by 2-4 in. cordate-ovate acute 
 or shortly acuminate bristly-serrate, tendrils forked, cymes smaller more 
 compact and less woolly than' in V. repanda, bracteoles very small caducous, 
 petals distinct, fruit about the size of a pea. Brand. For. Fl. 100. V. repens, 
 Wall. Cat. 5999 6. Cissus adnata, Foxb. FL Ind. i. 405 ; DC. Frodr. i. 627 ; 
 Wight Ic. t. 144 ; Thwaites Emm. 62 ; Cat. Bomb. Fl. 32 ; Dalz. dc Gibs. 
 Bomb. Fl. 39. C. cordata, Wall. Cat. 6001. C. Kleinii, Wall. Cat. 6008 in 
 part. C. latifolia, Vahl Syrab. iii. 18. 
 
 Hotter parts of India, from the Western Himalayas in Garwhal to Assam, 
 Silhet, Bengal, Tenasserim, and Penang. Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — 
 DisTRiB. Java, Borneo, Philippine Islds. 
 
 A slender far-climbing plant, with round woody branches. Leaves becoming more 
 or less glabrous above, always pubescent beneath, sometimes even densely felted with 
 a short soft tomentum, membranous. Tendrils woody. Fruit black, smooth. Seed 
 Y%- in., pyriform, smooth. 
 
 18. V, spectabilis, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1874, 196 ; a lofty 
 scandent ferruginously hirsute shrub, leaves almost sessile broadly cordate 
 obtuse obsoletely 3-5-lobed sinuate- cordate, at the base denticulate thick 
 membranous scabrous above. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya ; damp forests near Khersiong, alt. 5-6000 ft., Kurz. 
 
 Flowers very small, on slender pedicels ^^-^ in. Cymes pedunculate, trichotomous 
 J-I4 in. Calyx truncate, scarcely -^ in. Style /^ in., truncate. Berry (immature) 
 obovate. — According to Kurz this has the habit and affinity of F. Linncei, but widely 
 differs by the indumentum and almost sessile leaves. — 1 have not seen this species. 
 
 19. V. Xiinneei, Wall. Cat. 5987; stems leaves and inflorescence clothed 
 with a short grey pubescence, leaves 2-4 in. long and broad palmately 
 3-5-angled or lobed slightly cordate or retusely-truncate at the base 
 coarsely and irregularly serrate, tendrils simple, petals distinct, fruit | in. 
 W. (^ A. Frodr. 126. Cissus angulata, Lamk. Diet. Supp. i. 104; DC. 
 Frodr. i. 629 ; Thwaites Enum. 62. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards, and Ceylon. 
 
 Stems and leaves subfleshy. Branches cylindric or very obtusely angled. Cymes 
 slender, about as long as the leaves. Flowers small. Fruit oblong, bluish, pruinose ; 
 pedicels recurved. Seed as in F. repanda. — A very distinct species, of which the 
 synonymy has been much coufused. I have followed Wallich in calling it V. Xinwcet. 
 
650 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis, 
 
 tt Flowers in long whip-like dicJwtomous 8j)ikes. Fruit Z-seeclecL 
 
 ' 20. V. macrostacbys, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 94. Cissus 
 spicifera, Griff. Notul. iv. 693. 
 
 Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 Whole plant quite glabrous. ^Leaves 3-8 in., oblong or ovate, cuspidate, serrate, coria- 
 ceous, with prominent nerves. JSjpikes 2 ft. long. Flowers sessile or very shortly pedi- 
 cel led, solitary or fascicled in twos or tlirees on the long slender pendulous rachis. 
 Petals separating ; style short. Fnut 1 in., elliptic, fleshy. Seed | by ^ in., oblong, 
 pointed at the apex, the back rounded ^ud narrowly grooved, the face flat, rugose. 
 
 ** Petals and Stamens 5. 
 
 t Flowers umhellaidy-cymose. Style 0. Fruit '^.-seeded. 
 
 21. V. slkkimensis, Laws.; whole plant glabrous, stems weak 
 trailing, leaves \\ ft. cordate, cymes small subflesbv glabrous or with a 
 small amount of deciduous tomentum divaricately branched on long 
 peduncles. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya and Khasia Mts., alt. 0-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. 
 
 Young parts often glaucous. Leaves membranous, denticulate, reddish. Peduncles 
 4 in. or more bearing a forked tendril a Httle below the cyme. Petals separating. 
 Fruit f 
 
 22. V. toxnentosa, Ileyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 157; whole plant covered 
 with a thick wooUv persistent tomentum, leaves palmate 3-5-angled or 
 lobed, flowers sessile in shortly peduncled compact densely woolly cymes. 
 V. lanata, Wall. Cat. 5995 «, ? f, ? g ; W. <k A. Prodr. 130 ; Wight III. i. 
 t. 57 ; DC. Prodr. 634. V. cinnamomea, Wcdl. Cat. 59b9 c. V. trifida, 
 Roth Nov. Sp. 157 ; DC. Prodr. i. 634. V. ternata, Ileyne in Roth Nov. 
 Sp. 157. V. triloba, Ileyne I.e. 157 ; Wall. Cat. 6004 ? C. ; DC Prodr, i 634. 
 Ampelopsis ? ternata, DC. Prodr. i. 633. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from Canara southwards. 
 
 Leaves 3-9 in. Flowers scarlet, when dry dark brown, showing conspicuously in the 
 midst of the white woolly tomentum. Peduncles 3-6 in., stout, woody, bearing a stiff 
 woody forked temlril 1 in. below the cyme. Fruit ^ in., black, round. Seed ^ by J in., 
 broadly oblong, Hat, the margin incurved, the face with a thick rounded ridge running 
 down the middle, pale. 
 
 23. V. nervosa, Laws. ; branches petioles and cymes glabrous, leaves 
 cordate subpalmate, nerves beneath prominent and hairy, flowers sessile. 
 V. rugosa, Herb. hid. Or. H.f. d; T. {not of Wallich), 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 4-5000 ft., /. D. H. 
 
 Stems deeply giooved, hollow. Leaves often nearly 2 ft., broadly cordate, rounded 
 at the tip with 5-7 shallow lobes, coarsely and irregularly dentate, covered above with 
 minute soft hairs. Cymes stoutish, bearing midway a 1-2-times forked tendril. Fruit 
 the size of a currant, black, fleshy, pedicel \ in. Seed as in V. tomentosa but rather 
 smaller, more pointed at the apex, and darker coloured. 
 
 24. V. pedicellata, Laws. ; branches petioles and cvmes covered with 
 a short soft spreading pubescence, flowers on exceedingly slender pedicels 
 ■I in. 
 
 Western Himalaya ; Kumaon, alt. 7000 ft., Strach. & Wint. 
 
 Stems striated, solid. Leaves 1 ft. or more, cordate-ovate, seiTate or dentate, gla- 
 brous above, nerves somewhat prominent below and covered with short stiff spreading 
 rusty hairs, very thin and membranous. Cymes very small, on a short sleuder pcduaclo 
 bearing midway a weak simple tendiil. Fruit ? 
 
Vitis.] XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 651 
 
 tt Flowers paniculately cymose. 
 
 26. V. erioclada, W. S A. Prodr. 130 ; branches and petioles covered 
 with a dense subdeciduous tomentum, leaves cordate-ovate coriaceous, 
 flowers sessile and often almost hidden in the woolly tomentum, cymes 
 compact or woody, peduncle 3-12 in. bearing two-thirds of the way a stout 
 woody simple tendril. V. indica, Thwaites Enum. 63. — Eheede Hort. Mai. vii. 
 t. 7. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Rheede, Wight; Ceylon, common up to 3000 ft. 
 
 Stem stout, hollow, cyliudric, striate. Leaves 6-12 by 34-7 in., acute or sub- 
 acuminate, coarsely dentate, the teeth terminated by a hard obtuse point, at length 
 quite glabrous above, nerves very prominent beneath. Cymes branching divaricately. 
 Petals distinct, iityle 0. Fridt oblong, about the size of a grape. 
 
 26. V. barbata, Wall, in Roxb. ' Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 478 ; branches 
 petioles and peduncles covered with numerous long spreading glandular 
 capitate hairs, leaves cordate-ovate membranous, peduncle flattened 4-8 in . 
 bearing a long forked slender tendril above its middle, cymes regularly 
 paniculate as long as the peduncle. V. latifolia, Hh. Ham. ; Wall. Cat. 
 6994 ?G. -v. lanata, Hb. Roxb. ; Wail. Cat. 5995 c, d. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 0-3000 ft. ; Assam, Silhet, Pegu, and Tenasserim. 
 
 Branches stoutish, hollow, dark brown or nearly black. Leaves 8 in.-l ft. or more, 
 roundly cordate-ovate, sinuate-dentate, sometimes sublobed, at length glabrous above, 
 puberulous or densely tomentose beneath. Flowers sessile in large lax ovate paniculate 
 cymes. Fruit the size of a large currant, black, shortly pedicellate. 8eed -| by J in., 
 elliptic, the back flattish and shallowly grooved, the face rather sharply ridged, nearly 
 smooth. — A very distinct species, known at once by the long spreading black hairs. 
 Wallich describes the flowers as being 4-cleft, but although they may be so sometimes 
 it is certain that they are generally pentamerous. 
 
 27. V. lanata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 660 ; branches petioles and cymes 
 more or less pubescent or tomentose, leaves cordate-ovate shortly acuminate 
 membranous, peduncle bearing a simple or forked tendril, petals cohering 
 at the top. W. <k A. Prodr. 131; Wall Cat. 5995 a, b, e; Brand. For. 
 Fl. 99. V. cordifolia. Roth Nov. Sp. 158. V. indica, Hb. Ham. ; Wall. 
 Cat. 5994? E. V. Heyneana, DC Prodr. i. 634. V. pentagona, Hb. Ham. ; 
 Wall. Cat. 5994 1 F. V. rugosa. Wall. Cat. 5994 a, b, c, and d in part. 
 V. Labrusca, Liiin. var. y, Regel. Cooispect. Sjj. Gen. 9. Cissus viti- 
 ginea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 406 {note of LirincBus). Alima ? cristatum, Wall. ^C at. 
 4994. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya, from Kashmir and Jamu, alt. 1-4000 ft. and Kumaon, alt. 
 6-7000 ft., to Sjkkim, alt. 1-5000 ft. ; Assam, the Khasia Mts., Chittagong, Bikma, 
 and the Circa rs. 
 
 A very variable plant in the size shape and vestiture of the leaves, usually they are 
 3-6 by l|-3 in., sometimes larger, and usually softly pubescent, but sometimes felted 
 beneath, or nearly glabrous. Flowers small, green,, forming a thyrsoid paniculate cyme. 
 Petals cohering at the apex rarely separating. Fruit the size of a large pea, round, 
 purple, 4-seeded. Seed ^ by | in., obtriangular, subemarginate, rounded and smooth on 
 the back with a small spathulate tubercle, face wedge-shaped with a shallow linear de- 
 pression on each side of the ridge. — The following varieties may be distinguished : 
 
 Var. 1. rugosa; leaves ovate or cordate-ovate nearly 2 ft. clothed beneath with a 
 dense matted tomentum ; stems thicker than in the typo with a dark deciduous bark. — 
 Himalaya and Tenasserim. 
 
 Var. 2. glabra; leaves almost quite glabrous ; stems more slender than in the type, 
 approaching V. parvifolia. — Garwnal and Khasia Mts. 
 
652 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis, 
 
 28. V. latifolia, Boxh. Fl. Ind. i. 661 ; whole plant quite glabrous, 
 leaves roundly cordate 3-7-angled or lobed, peduncles shortish bearing a 
 slender forked tendril, petals distinct, flowers small reddish-brown. V. 
 Kleinii, Wall. Cat 6008 1 C and ? D ; TF. cO A. Prodr. 130 ; Brand. For. 
 Fl. 99. V. glabrata, Heyne in Roth Nov. JSp. 156 ; DC. Prodr. I 634 
 V. indica, Wall. Cat. 5993 ] C. V. zeylanica, Pussell Wall. Cat. 5993 ID.— 
 Mhsede Hc/rt. Mai. vii. 13, t. 7. 
 
 North West Ixdia ; Kumaon and Moradabad. Assam, Silhet, and the Western 
 Peninsula from the Concan and Coromandfel coast southwards. 
 
 Stems weak, hollow, far-climbing, striate; generally quite glabrous. Leaves 6-8 by 
 6-8 in. glossy. Flowers very small, in small somewhat compact thyrsoid cymes. 
 Peduncles bearing a long wiry tendril a little below the cyme. Style 0. Fruit the 
 size of a currant, black, 2-8eeded. Seed |- J in., elliptical, with a linear tubercle on the 
 back and the margins transversely rugose, bluntly ridged on the face. 
 
 29. V. vinifera, Linn. Sp. PI. 202; stems and leaves much as in 
 V. latifolia., but often tomentose, peduncles destitute of tendrils, petals 
 united at the apex, style very short thick. DC. Prodr. i. 633; W. <Cr A. 
 Prodr. 130 ; Grah. Cat. Bcnnb. PI. 33 ; Brand. For. Fl. 98. 
 
 Perhaps wild in the N.W. Himalaya; cultivated extensively in N.W. India and 
 rarely in the Peninsula and Cevlon. — Distrib. Native of W. Asia. 
 
 Kegel, in his Conspectus Sp. Gen. Vitis. Amer. Bor. Chin. Bor. et Jap. Hah. 9, 
 considers this plant a hybrid between V. vulpina, 2/mn.,iand V. Labrusca, Linn., two 
 American species, which he identifies with the Indian V. parvifolia, Boxb., and V. 
 lanata, Boxh. 
 
 ttt Flowers corymbosdy cymose. 
 
 30. V. montana, Laws. ; stems slender, young branclies with long 
 delicate white spreading hairs otherwise glabrous, style 0. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich {in Herb. Hook.) ; Silhet, Hook.f. db T. 
 
 Leaves 8-12 by 6-8 in., cordate-ovate, or. lobed as in F. latifolia. Common 
 peduncle 3-5 in., bearing about an inch below the flowers a forked tendril; cymes 
 small. Petals separating ? Fruit f — Very closely allied to F. latifolia, from which it 
 diflFers only in the character of the cyme, and in the long white hairs on the younger 
 portions of the stem. 
 
 31. V. g'landulosa, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 479 ; Cai. 
 
 6006 ; branches leaves and petioles covered with a short dusky pubescence, 
 leaves cordate-ovate crenate sometimes 3-lobed, peduncles not bearing 
 tendrils. 
 
 NiPAL, WaUicTi. 
 
 Stems cylindric, solid, jointed and thickened at the nodes, with greyish dotted bark. 
 Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in. Flowers in small dichotomous corymbose cymes shorter than 
 the leaves. Fruit small, globose, dark-purple, 3-4-8eeded. Seed as in F. lanata. — 
 According to Wallich the peduncles sometimes bear a twice or thrice dichotomous 
 tendril. 
 
 tttt Flowers spicately or racemosely-cymoae. 
 
 32. V. parvifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 662 ; whole plant quite glabrous, 
 leaves 2-4 in. membranous, flowers minute green pedicellate, style distinct. 
 Wall. Cat. 6005 ; Brand. For. Fl. 99. V. tnincata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii 
 609. V. vulpina, Linn. var. y, Regel Connect. Sp. Gen. Vitis, 6. V. Wal- 
 lichii, DC. Prodr, i. 634. ? V. Purani, Don Prodr. 188. 
 
Vitis.] XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 653 
 
 North Western Himalaya; from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 3-6000 ft.; Eastern 
 Bengal, Roxhurgh. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago, China, Japan. 
 
 Stems solid, trailing, slender. Leaves ovate, acute, base truncate or cordate, sharply 
 and deeply serrate, often 3-lobed. Tendrils branched. Flowers in erect racemes 1 in. 
 long. Petals cohering. Style very short. Fruit globose, black, the size of a pea. 
 Seed as in V. lanata. 
 
 _ 33. V. indica, Linn., Sp. PL 202 ; branches leaves and peduncles covered 
 with a dense woolly tomentum, leaves 4-10 in. coriaceous, flowers greenish- 
 purple nearly sessile, style 0. Boxb. Fl. Ind. i. 660 ; W. (^ A. Frodr. 131 ; 
 DC. Frodr. i. 634; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Fl. 33; Wall. Cat. 5993. Vitis 
 rugosa, Wall. Cat. 5994 in part; Brand. F(yr. Fl. 100. EJieede Hort. 
 Mai. Yil 11, t. 6. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. 
 
 Stems slender, permanently woolly. J^eaves at length glabrous and shining above, 
 cerdate-ovate, acute, denticulate-serrate, the points of the serratures hai'd almost spiny. 
 Peduncles sloutish, bearing a long simple tendril. Flowers in short cylindric spikes 
 about 2 in. Petals distinct? Fruit globose, the size of a large currant, 2-4-seeded. 
 Seed 3 by I in,, elliptic, slightly curved on the back from end to end, otherwise flattish, 
 with a spathulate tubercle, the face wedge-shaped. — Very closely allied to V. erioclada 
 in general appearance. In some specimens the flowers are 4-merou8. V. indica, Miq. 
 n. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii. 609, and of Thwaites, are quite distinct. 
 
 ttttt Flowers in short racemose spikes at the end of long jUiform tendrils 
 
 34. V. grracilis, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ed. Carey, ii. 477 ; Cat. 6007. 
 
 Sincapore, Wallicli. 
 
 Branches exceedingly slender, almost filiform, pubescent. Leaves 4-5 hy 2-2^ in., 
 cordate, caudate-acuminate, sharply serrate, hispidly hirsute above both on the nerves 
 and on the intercostal spaces, beneath on the nerves only. Tendrils short, very slender, 
 simple. Flowers f Fruit (immature ?) oblong, oblique, 1-4-seeded, sessile. Seeds 
 ^ by^ in., oblong-triangular, rounded on the back, the face flattened. — Not unlike some 
 forms of V. lanata, but differing in the nature of the pubescence and in the character of 
 the inflorescence. 
 
 Sect. II. Leaves 3-foliolate. (See V. dubia, V, Hookeri, V. lanceolaria, 
 V. pedata, V. tuberculata, and V. sulcata.) 
 
 * Petals and Stamens 4. 
 
 t Stetns a/nd leaves usually fleshy. 
 
 3& V/^beedei, W. <h A. Frodr. 127; whole plants quite glabrous, 
 petiole 2-3 in. V. heterophylla. Wall. Cat. 6036. Cissus heterophylla, 
 Herb. Madr., Wall. Cat. b036 [not of Foiret). C, trilobata, Lamk. Diet. i. 31 ; 
 DC. Frodr. i. 629; Thwaites Enum. ^^\ Graliani Cat. Bomb. Fl. 33; 
 Dalz. (h Gibs. Bomb. Fl. dd.—Fheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 45. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Malabar and Travancor. Ceylon, common. 
 
 Stems thick and weak. Leaves 4-8 in., the upper ones smaller three-lobed or 
 entire ; leaflets 2-5 in., shortly petioluled or sessile, the central one obloug-lanceolate, 
 the lateral ones exceedingly oblique, all distantly often sharply toothed. Tendrils 
 simple, woody. Flowers subumbellate, forming compact divaiicating cymes I4 in. 
 long, usually shortei* than the petiole. Petals distinct. Style slender, eonspicuous. 
 Fruit globose, 1-seeded, the size of a currant, black? Seed ^by \ in., globose, smooth ; 
 testa brittle. 
 
654 xLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis. 
 
 36. V. setosa, Wall. Cat. 6009 ; whole plant covered with long glan- 
 dular bristly hairs without other pubescence, leaves sessile, fruit red. 
 W. & A. Frodr. i. 127; Wight Ic. t. 170; JJah. d- Gibs. Bomh. Fl. 41. 
 Cissus acida. Wall. Cat. 6009, b. {not L) C. setosa, Roxb. Fl. lad. i. 410 ; 
 DC. Frodr. i. 630. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; from the Circars and Maisor southwards. Ceylon, south part 
 of tlie Island, Gardner. 
 
 8tem and leaves very fleshy, herbaceous, weak. Leaflets 1-2 in., sessile or shortly 
 stalked, ovate or subovate, rounded at the tip, sharply and irregularly scrrate-dontate. 
 Tendrils usually forked, succulent. Floicers j^ in. long, umbellatelj disposed in 
 divaricating cymes. Cymes on pednncles as long as or longer than the leaves. Petals 
 revolute. Fruit the size of a pea, when .young often hairy, l-seeded. /Seed subglobose, 
 nearly smooth. — Every part of the plant is exceedingly acrid. 
 
 37. V. camosa, Wall. Cat. 6018 ; whole plant when young covered 
 with a short dense pubescence, leaves petioled, fruit black. W. d; A. 
 Frodr. 127; Wight Ic. 171; Brand. For. Fl. 101. V. crenata, Wall. 
 Cat. 602 U V. trifolia, Linn. Sp. PI. 203. Cissus acida, Roxb. Ic. ined. 541. 
 C. auriculata, Roxb. WaU. Vat. G031 b. 0. carnosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I 
 409 ; DC. Frodr. i. 630 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Fl. 33 ; Dalz. d' Gibs. B(mib. Fl. 
 40. C. crenata, VaJd DC. Frodr. i. 631. C. cinerea, Lamk. ; DC. Frodr. i. 
 631. C. obtusifolia, Lamk. Dict.i. '^U—Rhecde llort. Mai. vii. t. 9. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya and throughout the hotter parts of India from thePANJAB and 
 BiHMA to Ceylon and Malacca. 
 
 Stems more slender and less succulent than in V. setosa. Leaves 2-6 in. on long 
 petioles; leaflets usually shortly stalked, 1-3 in., ovate or obovate, rounded or acute, 
 serrate or dentate. Tendrils opposite the leaves, slender, wiry, usually branched. 
 Flowers white, larger than in V. setosa, unibellately cymose, the peduncle equalling 
 the petiole. Style conspicuous. Fruit turbinate, fleshy, 2-4-seeded. Seed \ by ^'m. 
 triangular, round on the back and with a linear tubercle, wedge-shaped on the tiace. 
 
 ft Stems woody. 
 
 a. Fruit under \ in. diam. round or ovoid {doubt/iU in V. subicaulis and 
 V. anamallayana). 
 
 38. V. bracteolata, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey ^ ii. 483 ; Cat. 
 6023; stems smooth, flowers minute numerous, peduncles and pedicels 
 filiform. 
 
 SiLHET, De Silva ; Biiotan and Assam, Griffith. 
 
 Stems and leaves glabrous. Branches very slender. Leaves 3-5 in. ; petiole nearly 
 as long as the leaflets ; leaflets nearly sessile or shortly stalked, lanceolate or ovate- 
 lanceolate or ovate-acute, serrate, membranous or subc')riaceous. Floicers far the 
 smallest of the genus, disposed in pubescent divaricating Aliform cymes. Cymes on a 
 long slender peduncle. Style 0. Fruit the size .of a f)ea, round, black, 2-3-8eeded. 
 Seed I by ^ in., obovoid or globose, finely lAuricate. 
 
 39. V. ang-ustifolla, Wall. Cat. 6033 ; stems smooth, cymes usually 
 under 1 in. long shorter than the petiole, flowers dioecious, larger than in 
 V. bracteolata, fruit the size and colour of a black currant 1-2-seeded, 
 seed hemispherical hollow, pale. Wigid Ic. 176. Cissus angustifolia, 
 Roxb. FL Ind. i. 408 ; DC. Frodr. i. 631. C. trifoliata 7/6. Ham. in Wall. 
 Cat. 6013 ? K. 
 
 Assam, Silhet, and the Khasia Mts. — Distrib. Sumntra [Roxburgh), Hongkong. 
 Stems flcxuous, dark-coloured, glabrous. Leaves 3-6 in.; petiole \^-2^ in.; 
 leaflets shortly stalked, lanceolate, serrate, glabrous, .membranous. Tendrils simple. 
 
Vitis.] xLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 655 
 
 Cymes usually nearly sessile, very much smaller and more robust than in the 
 last species. Floioers greeu. Style ; stigma large flat. Fruit dry, 2-4-seeded. 
 Seed 5 in. diam., girt about the middle by a ridge, hollow, the small opening 
 closed by a thin membrane closely resembling that of V. Boxhurghii. — Specimens from 
 Assam have leaves 8 in. long or more, and the cymes on longer petioles and more 
 diffuse. 
 
 40. V. canarensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Jowti. Bot. iii. 123; stem 
 herbaceous pale warted, cymes about 2 in. shorter than the petioles, fruit 
 i in. globose nearly smooth. 
 
 Western Peninsula; Canara, Dalzell. 
 
 Leaves 7-8 in. ; petiole 3-34 in.; leaflets 4 by 2 in., shortly stalked, elliptic, pubes- 
 cent on both surfaces, at length glabrous. Petals distinct. Style short, stigma acute. 
 — Very closely allied to V. lanceolaria, of which it may prove to be a broad-leaved 
 variety. 
 
 41. V. Boxburg-hii, W. & A. Prodr. 127 (exd. synonyms); quite 
 glabrous, stems slender, bark smooth black shining, cymes longer than the 
 petioles, fruit the size of a currant 2-4-seeded, seeds hemispheric hollow 
 cup-shaped, the opening closed by a membrane. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Courtallam, Wight. 
 
 Leaves 5-8 in., glossy, glabrous, very membranous; petiole 2 in. ; leaflets 3-7 in., 
 stalks |-1 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, entire. Tendrils simple, long, 
 slender. Cymes shortly pedunculate, 3-4 in., branches divaricating. Flowers small, 
 green. Style conspicuous. — The seed closely resembling that of F. pedata, but a little 
 larger and darker- coloured. 
 
 This, by inspection of the specimen in Wight's herbarium, I have determined to 
 be undoubtedly Wight and Arnott's species, although in the description they say 
 that the cymes are much shorter than the petioles, almost approaching a panicle, and 
 the leaves occasionally 4-5-foliolate. Roxburgh's Cissus feminea, which they identify 
 with it, and owing to which the specific name of Boxhurghii was given to Wight's 
 plant, is V. lanceolaria. 
 
 42. V. reticulata, Thwaites Enum. 63 (Cissus) ; stems slender, whole 
 plant quite glabrous, cymes longer than the petioles, leaves prominently 
 reticulated, fruit ovoid the size of a cherry pale rose-coloured. 
 
 Ceylon ; in the Ambagamowa district, Thwaites. 
 
 Leaves 6-8 in.; petiole 14-24 in.; leaflets 4-6 in., stalks |-1 in. long, broadly 
 elliptic-ovate, cuspidate, the upper half obscurely denticulate, membranous. Flowers ? 
 Seed ^ in. — Thwaites remarks that this species is closely allied to some forms of V. 
 pedata, differing from it chiefly in the form and character of the leaves, and larger 
 fruit ; the trifoliolate character of the leaves he suggests may not be constant. 
 
 43. V. peduncularis, Wall. Cat. 6024; stems exceedingly coarse thick 
 and woody, young branches cymes and petioles puberulous, cymes 6 in. 
 diffuse equalling the petioles, fruit the size of a pea red, seed i by | in. 
 triangular-obovoid emarginate coarsely angled or muricate pale. 
 
 Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 1 ft. long; petiole 6 in. ; leaflets elliptic, or subobovate, acute or rounded at 
 the apex, coarsely dentate-serrate, at length glabrous, coriaceous. Tendrils simple, 
 stout. Cymes 6 in. long ; peduncle 2 in. Flowers very small, often unisexual. Fruit 
 globose, black, pruinose, 4-seeded, 
 
 44. V. himalayana, Brand. For. Fl. 100; quite glabrous the 
 younger parts subfieshy, stem robust, lateral leaflets very oblique, 
 cymes as long as the leaves, flowers large, fruit the size of a pea black, 
 seed i by i in. roundly obovoid nearly smooth polished black. Vitis 
 
656 Lxiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis'. 
 
 (Ampelopsis) neilgherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 965. Ampelopsis himalayana, 
 Hoyle III. 149. Cissus himalayana, TFalp. Rep. i. 441. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 6-9000 ft., to Sikkim, ;alt. 6-11,000 ft. 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft. Pegu, Kurz. Western Peninsula; Pulney Mts., 
 Wight. 
 
 Bark emooth, or on the older branches with a few small warts. Leaves 3-8 in., 
 membranous or subcoriaceous, often glossy ; petiole 1^-4 in. ; leaflets 2-5 in., sharply ov 
 inciso-serrate, the terminal ovate or obovate, rounded at the base or subcordate, acumi- 
 nate, lateral J-ovate or ^-cordate. Tendrils 0. Floicers ^ in., in Bubcorjmbose dicho- 
 tomous cymes, rarely 5-fnerou8. Style short, stout. J^ruit 4-8eeded. 
 
 Var. semicordata,\\ aW. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 481 (species) ; youn<x branches 
 petioles and the nerves beneath the leaves hispidly pubescent, leaves smaller than in the 
 type, tendrils sometimes present branched. Wall. Cat. 6020. Himalaya and Khasia 
 Mts. — Perhaps this ought not to be distinguished even as a variety. 
 
 45. V. anaxnallayana, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 213; a very 
 large glabrous climber, petiole 1-2 in., leaflets 3.^-4 in. ovate-lanceolate 
 with a long acumination sharply serrate conspicuously reticulate beneath, 
 peduncles shorter than the petioles, cymes lax. 
 
 Western Peninsula; banks of rivers on the Anamallay hills, alt. 5000. ft., 
 Beddome. 
 
 Leaves of the younger branches simple, ovate-lanceolate, of the older usually trifo- 
 liolate ; petiole 'glandular ; leaflets nearly equal. — The description ia too imperfect to 
 determine with exactness the proper affinities of this species. 
 
 46. V. Gardnerl, Thwaites Enum. 63 (Cissus); branches terete ru- 
 fescent, petioles about 1 in., leaflets 2-3 in. by 1-1^ in., cymes few-flowered 
 rufescent much longer than the petioles, fruit the size of a pea blackish- 
 purple. 
 
 Ceylon ; Matele and Hunasgirie district, Thwaites. 
 
 Jjeiiflets glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, repand-dentate, cuneate at the base, lateral leaflets 
 oblique, smaller. /Stiptdes cordate-oblong, adnate. 
 
 b. Fruit globose^ 1 in. or more in diameter. 
 
 47. V. mollissixna, Wall, in Roxb. Ft. Ind. ed. Carey ^ ii. 482 ; stems 
 slender when young covered with long hispid hairs, leaves hairy on both 
 surfaces, style long slender, fruit dry 1 in. diam. Wall. Cat. 6012. 
 
 Penano, WalUch; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Stems at length glabrous. Leaves 5-8 in., covered with long soft dense hairs, 
 membranous ; petiole 2-3^ in. ; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or subacu- 
 niinate, faintly serrate, lateral veiy oblique. Tendrils very slender, forked. Flowers 
 about -jV in., long peduncled, divaricating cymes equalling the petioles. Fruit 2-3- 
 Bceded. Seed | by ^ in., elliptic-oblong, boat-shaped, rounded and polished on the 
 back and with a linear tubercle hollow on the face. — Wallich describes the fruit as 
 being " nearly the size of a cherry ;'' but the ripe ones in specimens from Malacca are 
 very much larger. 
 
 48. V. tuberculata, Blume Bijd. 189 (Cissus); stem'very warty gla- 
 brous, leaves quite glabrous coriaceous, style very short, stigma subpeltate, 
 fruit dry \\ in. diam. 
 
 Pegu, McCklland. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 "Whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves 8 in. to 1 ft. ; petiole 24 in. ; leaflets shortly 
 stalked, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire or very faintly serrate 
 towards the tip, margin slightly re volute. Tendrils simple or forked. Flowers 
 very small, in dense compact cymes under 1 in., almost sessile. Fruit on very 
 short thick pedicels, dry, membranous, brown, 1-3-seeded. Seed | by | in., obovoid 
 
Viiis.] xLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 657 
 
 emarginate, grooved on the back and in the groove a long linear tubercle, the raphe 
 also lying in a groove on the face. — According to Blume, the leaves are sometimes 4-5- 
 foliolate. 
 
 c. Fruit oblong suhfalcate, \ in. long. 
 
 49. V. campylocarpa, Kurz mss. ; whole plant quite glabrous, fruit 
 1-seeded, seed \ by i in. cylindrical curved transversely wrinkled, style 0, 
 stigma large subpeltate. 
 
 AssAur, Griffith ; Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 Stems round. Leaves 6-8 in., coriaceous; petiole 24-4 in. ; leaflets stalked, obovate, 
 suddenly and shortly acuminate, fiiintly seiTate towards the tip. Tendrils 0. Flowers 
 in nearly sessile very diffuse widely divaricating cymes longer than the petiple. Fruit 
 dark-brown, not pulpy, pericarp reduced to a thin membrane. 
 
 ** Petals and stamens 5. 
 
 50. V. divaricata, Wall, in Hh. 18^4 ; ex Cat. 5994 h under V. 
 rugosa ; whole plant covered with deciduous down, stems cylindric, leaves 
 6 in.-l ft, terminal leaflet ovate acute or subacuminate lateral semi-cordate. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 6-700 ft., to E. Nepal, alt. 
 3-4000 ft. ; Maisor, Rerh. Bottler. 
 
 Stems slender, far-climbing. Leaves thinly membranous, 3- rarely 5-foliolate ; petiole 
 3r4 in. ; leaflets serrate, at length glabrous or nearly so. Flowers dark-brown or red, 
 in small compact umbellate cymes on long woolly peduncles, which bear a forked ten^ 
 dril about 1 in. from the top. Stijle very short. Fruit globose, the size of a currant, 
 black, 3-4-seeded. Seed ^ by \ in., almost round, flat, emarginate, pale coloured. — 
 Wight & Arnott unite this with V. toinentosa, to which it is very closely allied, but 
 differs sufficiently in the composition and texture of the leaves. 
 
 51. V. araneosus, Dah. & Gibs. Bomb.Fl. 41?; whole plant covered 
 with a deciduous down except on the under surface of the leaves where it 
 is persistent, stems flattened, leaves 4-6 in., terminal leaflet elliptic, lateral 
 semi-elliptic. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; highest Ghats of the Concan ; Pulney Mts., Wight. 
 
 Stems slender, far-climbing. Leaves membranous ; petiole 1-2 in. ; leaflets shortly- 
 stalked, serrate, at length glabrous above, felted beneath. Flowers and fruit as in 
 V. divaricata. Seeds ^ by ^ in., elliptic, with a round depression on the back, puckered 
 round the margins. 
 
 Sect. III. Leaves mostly 5-foliolate, digitate. (See 58, cinnamomea.) 
 t Flowers umbellate hardly cymose. 
 
 52. V. obtecta, Wall. Cat. 6026; branches rooting, young branches 
 petioles and peduncles clothed with soft villous red hairs, petioles l^-2Hn., 
 leaflets all under 4 in., flowers 4-merous. V. hederacea, Wall. Cat. 6019, 
 in part. 
 
 Western Himalaya, from Kumaon, alt. 6000 ft., Thomson; to Nipal, Wallich. — 
 DisTRiB. YuTian. 
 
 Young branches very slender, creeping, older with a roughish bark and covered with 
 numerous short aerial rootlets. Leaflets ovate or obovate, sessile or nearly s(\ serrate, 
 glabrous, membranous, lateral much smaller than the terminal. Tendrils branched, very 
 slender, short. Flowers unisexual, ^ in. long. Style 0, stigma flat. Fruit immature, 
 the size of a currant, globose, l-seeded, black? Seed? 
 
 tt Flowers umbellate in divaricating subcorymbose cymes. 
 
 53. V. Thomson!, Lav)s. ; stems cylindric slender, whole plant gla- 
 brous, leaves glaucous deep green, petiole 2-3 in., leaflets 3-4 by 1^2 in. 
 
 VOL. L U U 
 
658 xLiii. ampelide;e. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis» 
 
 elliptic-lanceolate serrate pale beneath, flowers 4-merous, seed dark pinkish- 
 red. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft., H.f. & T. 
 
 A low creeper, turning red. Leaflets narrowed into short stalks. Tendrils stoutish, 
 branching. Flowers in slender widely divaricating cymes, gr^en. Sti/le subulate. 
 I^ruit the size of a currant, globose, 2-4-8eeded, pruinose. /Seed ^in., obovoid, rounded 
 on the back, wedge-shaped on the face. 
 
 54. V. elong-ata, Wall. Cat. 6016 ; whole plant quite glabrous, branches 
 slightly flattened thick and succulent polished, petioles 5-8 in., leaflets 
 5-7 by 2-2 .V in. elliptic-lanceolate shortly acuminate serrate membranous 
 narrowed into a stalky flowers 4-merous. Cissus elongata, Boxb. Ft. Lid. 
 i 411 ; W.d; A. Prodr. 128. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 1-5000 ft., Silhet and Bengal; Cokomandel, Roxburgh. 
 
 A very large climber running up and over the highest trees. Branches few or 
 until the plant airives at a great height. Tendrils simple. Cymes< di-trichotomous,. 
 the last divisions shr rt ending in small umbels. Style short. Fr^iit 1 by \ in., 
 elliptic, smooth, black, 1 -seeded. Seed f in., obovate, smoothish. — Wight & Arnott 
 bay that the leaves in this species, as also in the next, are sometimes pedate. 
 
 55. V. auriculata, Eoxh. Fl. Lnd. i. 411 (Cissus) ; branches cylindric 
 .succulent the younj? part.s softly pubescent, petioles 4-7 in., leaflets on long 
 «talks 2-() by 1-4 in. obovate acute or shortly acuminate serrate mem- 
 branous, flowers 4-merous. W(dl. Cat. 6031 ; W. d: A. Prodr. 129, in part ; 
 Wight Ic. 145. Cissus auriculata, DC. Prodr. i. 632; Dalz. <L' Gihs.Bomh. 
 FL 40. 
 
 81KKIM Himalaya ; alt. 3-5000 ft., and Chittagono, LL.f. & T. ; Bengal and Birma, 
 Wallich; Maisor, Heyne. 
 
 A large climber like V.elovgata. ^arZ; of the older stems spongy and deeply cracked. 
 Lxaves softly pubescent beneath when young, at length glabrous; stipules large, ear- 
 shaped. Tendrils 2-3-cleft. Flowers small. Cymes on long thick weak succulent 
 peduncles, divaricating, longer than the petiole. Fruit the size of a cherry, globdse, 
 red, 1 -seeded. Seed elliptical, rounded at the base, ^ by ^%t in. — None of the leaxes 
 in the many specimens I have met with are pedate, as Wight & Arnott say; indeed, 
 the specimens in Wight's herbarium numbers 427 and 967 do not belong to this species, 
 but to V. lanceolaria. 
 
 56. V. planicaulis, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5685 ; whole nlant quite 
 glabrous, stems greatly flattened, petioles 4-7 in., leaflets on stalks l-\\ in. 
 5-8 by 2-3 in. oblong-lanceolate subacuminate obtusely-serrate mem- 
 branous or subcoriaceous, flowers 4-merous. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, and Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft. 
 
 A vast climber reaching to the top of the highest trees, and sending down from its 
 branches long thin leafless bands. Stems at the base often 1 4 ft. wide and 1 in. thick. 
 Tendrils stout, simple. Flowers green. Cymes subcorymbose with divaricating 
 branches. Style subulate; stigma 4-lobed. Fruit the size of a cherry, round, red? 
 l-2-8eeded. Seed 4 by \ in., nearly cylindrical, transversely rugose. 
 
 57. V. obovata, Lawn.; branches petioles peduncles and tendrils 
 clothed with a long soft spreading fidvous pubescence, stems much flat- 
 tened, petiole 4-7 in., lenflets 6-10 in. stalked glabrous except upon the 
 stalks obovate acute or subacuminate distantly and coarsely serrate. 
 
 Kha.'^ia Mts., alt. .3-4000 ft., H. f. & T. 
 
 Tendrils stout, simple, very long. Cymes shortly pedunculate, subcorymbose with 
 divaricating branches., Flowers t Fruit the size of a cherry, globose, 2-sceded. 
 
Vitis.\ xLTii. AMPELiDEZE. (M. A. Lawson.) 659 
 
 Seeds ^ in., 6ho\o\d? — Probably a tall climber like the last species. These five last 
 species, though easily distinguishable by the characters given above, are very closely 
 allied. 
 
 ttt Flowers in long pendulous racemose woolly spikes. 
 
 58, V. cinnamomea, Wall, in Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 483 ; Cat. 
 6989, in part ; stems covered with a thin yellowish or pale rust-coloured 
 closely adhering tomentum, leaves simple to 3-foliolate at length glabrous 
 above felted beneath, spikes spreading or ascending, fruit triangular- 
 obcordate 1-seeded, seeds i by i in. broadly obcordate. 
 
 Malacca, Penang, and Sincapore, Wallich, &c. 
 
 Apparently a large climber. Stems slender, cylindric, woody. Leaves usually 
 3-foliolate ; petiole 3-6 in., sometimes simple, 3-lobed, cordate ; leaflets narrowed into a 
 very short stalk, 3^-8 by 2-3 in., terminal elliptic, lateral halt-cordate, sharply and 
 bristly serrate. Bacemes cirrhiierous, very slender. Seed curved with a small round 
 tubercle on the back, margins muricate. — The more slender habit, the thinness of the 
 tomentum, the 1-seeded truit aud the shape of the seed, all point to this being distinct 
 from V. compositifolia. 
 
 59. V. compositifolla, Laws. ; stems covered with a very thick rnst- 
 coloured tomentum, leaves 5-foliolate glabrous above or tomentose on the 
 principal nerves only densely felted beneath, spikes spreading very densely 
 woolly, fruit | by | in, 4-angled 4-seeded, seed elliptic acute at the apex 
 emarginate at the base slightly curved flattish and smooth on the back 
 sharply ridged on the face. V, cinnamomea var. compositifolla, Wall. Cat. 
 5989 B. 
 
 Pbnang, Phillips ; Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A vast climber, with thick branches. Petioles 6-10 in. ; petiolules 1 in. ; leaflets 
 6-10 by 24-3^ in., narrowly obovate, sharply and bristly serrate, cuspidate, coriaceous. 
 Bacemes 2 ft., much more robust than in V. cinnamomea, cirrhiferous. Fruit black, 
 pulpy. 
 
 60. V. eleg'ans, Kurz in Nat. Tydsch. v. Ned. Lnd. {see Journ. Beng. 
 As. Soc. 1870, pt. i. 74) ; stems covered with a very dense dark red woolly 
 tomentum, leaves 3-5-foliulate velvety above densely felted beneath, spikes 
 reflexed. V. cinnamomea. Wall. Cat. 5989, in part. V. coralloides, Hook. 
 
 /. mss. 
 
 Sincapore, Walker, &c. 
 
 Petioles 2-24 i^^- \ leaflets 3-6 by l|-3 in., sessile, obovate, bristly serrate. Tendrils 
 opposite the leaves or springing from the peduncle. Fruit ? — Much like V. compositi- 
 folia, but more robust, the tomentum also is darker denser and persistent on the 
 upper surface of the leaves. 
 
 Sect. IV. Leaves mostly pedately 5-foliolate. Flowers 4-merous. 
 t Flowers umhellately cymose. 
 
 61, V. capriolata, Bon Prodr. 188; whole plant quite glabrous, 
 stipules and bracts scarious, style 0, stigtna large flat. V. serrulata, Wall. 
 Cat. 6034 a. V, hederacea, Wall. Cat. 6019, in pari. C. capriolata, Hoyle 
 III. t. 26. C. serrulata, Hoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 414; DC. Prodr. i. 632. C, 
 napaulensis, DC Prodr. i. 632, 
 
 Temperate Himalaya; from Garwhal? alt. 4-7000 ft., to Sikkim and Bhotan., alt. 
 5-8000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft. Chittagong, Roxb. 
 
 Stems very slender, wiry. Leaves 5-foliolate; petiole 14-24 in.; leaflets 14-3 by 
 ^-14 in., lanceolate or narrowly ovate or subobovate, acute or subacuminate, bristly- 
 
 UU 2 
 
660 XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis, 
 
 senate in the notches. Tendrils slender, simple or forked. Cymes axillary or termi- 
 nating in fihort lateral branches, pedunculate ; peduncles usually with several scarious 
 conspicuous bracts, 3-5-rayed, rays several-flowered. Flowers pedicelled ; pedicels 
 \-^ in. Fruit the size of a currant, globose, 2-4-8eeded, blacic. Seed ^ by \ in., pale, 
 obovoid, thick, rounded and muricate on the back, and with a linear tubercle, flattened 
 on the face. 
 
 ft Flowers suhcoryinhosely cymose. 
 
 62. V. tenuifolia, W. d- A. Prodr. 120 ; whole plant quite glabrous, 
 leaves membranous, tendrils simple or forked, peduncles long, cymes some- 
 what diffuse axillary but often owing to the sudden suppression of the flower- 
 bearin? branch appearing terminal, fruit the size of a pea 1-4-seeded, 
 seed i by ^in. triangular. V. paniculata, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 6022 «, 
 in part, and b. Cissus japonica, Wilid. ; DC. Prodr. i. 632. C. tenuifolia, 
 Heyne in Wall. Gat. 6022 a, in part. C. cymosa, Wall. Cat. 6017. C. 
 truncata, Wall. Cat. 6032. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich; SiKKiM HIMALAYA, alt. 1-5000 ft., J.D.H.; the Khasia Mts., 
 A^sAM, BiRMA, Pegu, Tenasherim, and Malacca. Western Penissdla, in the 
 Southern provinces. — Distriu. Cbina and Japan. 
 
 Stems slender, herbaceous. Petiole 2-4 in.; leaflets shortly stalked, 1-3 by ^2 in., 
 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate. TendHls short, slender. Flowers 
 m divaricating dichotomous cymes, bisexual. Style short, stigma large, subpeltate. 
 Fruit turbinate-globose. Seed rounded and muricate on the back, shai-ply ridged on 
 the face. 
 
 63. V. mollis, Wall. Cat. 6025 ; whole plant covered with a short 
 soft ])ul)escence, leaves membranous, jdowers fruit and seed as in V. 
 tenuifolia. 
 
 SiKKiM HrwALAYA ; alt, 1-3000 ft., /, D. II. Khasia Mts., alt. 0-3000 ft. Silhet 
 and CiiiTTAGONo. Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 Closely resembilng V. tenuifolia in habit. Petiole f-l^in.; leaflets conspicuonsly 
 stalked, 14-3 by ^-1^ in., ovate, broadly lanceolate or subovate, serrate. 
 
 . 64. V. lanceolarla, Roocb. Ft. Ind. i. 412 (Cissus) ; whole plant quite 
 ghiV)r(>us witli exception of the inflorescence, branches round covered 
 with corky warts or tubercles, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, tendrils 
 simple, cymes very short and compact in the axils of the leaves, flowers 
 unisexual, fruit the size of a small cherry dry ?, seed \ in. subpyriform 
 or almost globose. Wall. Cat 6013, in part ; W. d: A. Prodr. 128; Wight 
 Ic. t. 177; Brand. For. Fl. 101. V. muricata, W. <k A. Prodr. 128; 
 Wall. Cat. 6015 ; Wight Ic. t. 740. V. serratifolia, W. d A. Prodr. 128 (non 
 Rottl). Cissus feminea, Roxb. FL Ind. i, 410 ; DC. Prodr. i. 631. C. lan- 
 ceolaria, DC. Prodr. i. 632 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 33 ; Thwaites Enum. 63. 
 C. muricata, Dalz. d Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 40 ; Thwaites Enum. 63. 
 
 Assam, Pegu, and the Eastern Peninsula, from Tenassorim to Malacca. Western 
 Peninsula, from the Concan southwards, Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft. 
 
 Branches woody. Leaves 5-foHolate, pedate, more rarely 3-folioIate ; petiole 1^ 
 3 in. ; leaflets 3-5 by 1-2 in., stalked, oblong-lanceolate, distantly serrate. Style short, 
 btigma peltate sublobed. Fruit subflesliy ?, globose, l-4?-seeded. — In all those speci- 
 mens which 1 have examined, the fruit has been 1-2- not 4-seeded as stated by Kox- 
 burgh, Wight, and Arnott, also smaller than a cherry, 
 
 Vau. 1 ; stems smooth. — This appears intermediate between V. lanceolaria and V. 
 Ho >keri, and in some respects answers better to Roxburgh's description of V. lanceo- 
 ilanothan the one given above. — Assam. 
 
 Var. 2; assimilis, Kukz mss, {Sp.); stems cylindric somewhat smooth, petiole 
 
Vitis.] XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 601 
 
 4-6 in., leaflets 4 by 2 J in. sessile elliptic with a reflexed tip between fleshy and coria- 
 ceous nerves prominent beneath. — Probably a distinct species. — Tenasserim, Kurz. 
 
 Var. 3 ; stems weak coarse tubercled, leaves very large subcoriaceous sharply ser- 
 rate, cymes exceedingly short. — This also will probably prove to be distinct. — Penang, 
 Maingay. 
 
 Q6. V. sulcata, Laws. ; whole plant quite glabrous, branches smooth 
 sulcate, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, tendrils simple, cymes shorter 
 than the leaves, fruit 1 in. diam. pulpy? 4-seeded, seed | by i in. oblong 
 somewhat flattened on the face. V. lanceolaria, Wight Ic. t. 28. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; Herl. Wight. 
 
 A climbing shrub. Leaves 5-f'oliolate, pedate, or rarely 3-foliolate ; petiole 2i in. ; 
 leaflets 3-5 by l\-2% in., stalked, ovate, acuminate, seiTate. J^lnvers? Fruit glo- 
 bose, smooth, black. /Seed with a narrowly clavate tubercle on the back. — The smooth 
 sulcate stems, large fruit, and shape of the seed, forbid this being regarded as a 
 variety of V. lanceolaria, although it is very closely allied to that species. 
 
 66. V. dubla, Laws. ; whole plant glabrous, branches cylindric smooth, 
 leaves membranous, tendrils simple, cymes shorter than the petioles, fruit 
 the size of a pea dry 2-seeded, seed i by ^ in. oblong, 
 
 SiKKiM Hlmalaya, aft. 1-4000 ft., H.f. S T. Chittagong? H. f. S T. 
 
 A scandent shrub ; branches slender, striate. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, rarely 5- 
 foliolate, pedate ; p«tiole 2-4 in. ; leaflets stalked, 3-8 by l|-2^ in., ovate-lanceolate 
 or elliptic, acuminate, deeply almost incisely serrate. Cymes 1-1 4 i^i-) compact. 
 
 67. V. Kookeri, Laws.; whole plant glabrous or the cymes only 
 slightly pubescent, branches cylindric smooth or only slightly warty 
 glaucous, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, tendrils simple, cymes shorter 
 than the petioles^ fruit 1 in. diam. pulpy 2-seeded, seed i by i in. oblong 
 or subobovoid. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, the Khasia Mts., and Chittagong, alt. 1-4000 ft., H. /. & T. 
 Bhotan and Assam, Griffith. — Distiub, Java. 
 
 A large climber. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate ; petiole 4^6 in. ; leaflets stalked, 4-8 
 by 2-3^ in., elliptic, acute at both ends or shortly acuminate at the apex, serrate. 
 Tendrils very long. Cymes 1 J-2^ in. 
 
 68. V. rumicisperxna, Laws.; whole plant glabrous, branches cylindric 
 covered with corky warts or tubercles, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, 
 tendrils forked, cymes as long as or longer than the leaves, fruit the size of 
 a large currant 4-seeded pulpy, seed i by i in. broadly triangular-obcordate. 
 V. lanceolaria, Wall. Cat. 6013 h. V. tuberculata, Wall. Cat. 6014. 
 
 NiPAL and Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 3-7000 ft., WaUich, &c. Khasia Mts., 
 ILf.&T. 
 
 An immense climber. Leaves usually pedately 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate ; petiole 
 3-6 in.; leaflets 3-6 by 1-24 i'>-) elliptic-lanceolate, serrate. Fruit black. Seed with a 
 broad .shallow groove on the back and a sharp ridge formed by the raphe on the face. 
 The fruit is sweet and pleasant to the taste. /. D. M. — Closely allied to V. lanceo- 
 laria, but readily distinguished by its somewhat smaller fruit, and particularly by the 
 shape of its seed. 
 
 Sect. V. Leaves mostly pedately T-Q-foliolate. Flowers mostly 5-merous. 
 t Flowers corymhosely cymose. 
 
 69. V. pedata, VaM in Herb. Madr. ex Wall. Cat. 6027 ; whole plant 
 softly pubescent or glabrate, leaves membranous, tendrils forked, cymes as 
 long as or longer than the petiole, fruit the size of a currant dry 4-seeded, 
 
662 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Vitis. 
 
 seed I in. diam. hemispherical hollowed out on the flat side and the opening 
 closed by a thin membrane. W. (ft A. Pi^odr. 128. Cissiis heptaphylla, 
 Uetz Obs. 22. C. pedata, Lamk. ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. i. 413 ; DC. Prodr. i. 632; 
 Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 33 ; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. FL 40 ; Thwaites Emm. 63. 
 C. serratifolia, Hb. Rottl. Melothrix zeylanica, Koen. in Hb. Banks. — Pheede 
 Hort. Mai. vii. t. 10. 
 
 Bengal, Silhet, Assam, the Khasia Mts., alt. 0-3000 ft. Birma and from Tenas- 
 8ERIM to Singapore and Penang. Western Pj^^ninsula, from the Concan southwards, 
 and in Cevi.on. — Distrib. Mahiyan Archipelago. 
 
 A large weak climber, with cylindric ofien hirsute branches. Leaves usually 7- 
 foHolate ; petiole 4-6 in.; leaflets on long stalks, 4-8 by 14-3 in., oblong-lanceolate, 
 acuminate, serrate, often at length nearly glabrous. Cymes subcorymbose with widely 
 divaricating branches. Flo^cers bi8e.xual, green, covered with a greyish pubescence. 
 P'ricit subglobose, somewhat flattened at the apex. — The seed resembles exactly that of 
 V. lioxhurghii, but is rather smaller. 
 
 70. V. novemfolia, Wall. Cat. 6030 ; whole plant glabrous, branches 
 cylindric smooth, leaves membranous, tendrils forked, cymes on very long 
 peduncles nearly as long as tiie leaves, fruit 1] in. diam. pulpy 4-seeded, 
 seed I by -^^ in. boat-shaped with tlie ends sliglitly curved inwards hollow 
 the elliptic opening clo.sed by a thin membrane. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich, Griffith. 
 
 iStems dark-brown, shining. Leaves pedately 7-9-foliolate ; petiole 4-6 in. ; leaflets 
 5-8 in., on long stalks, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Peduncles longer than the petioles. 
 Flowers small, green. Fruit globose, black. 
 
 tt Fhnjoeri in long dender pendulous racemose spikes. 
 
 71. V. Kelferi, Laws.; stems cylindric somewhat slender the young 
 parts covered with a pale deciduous tomentum, leaves 5-7-folioJate glabrous 
 except on the nerves beneath, petiole 3-4 in., leaflets 3-6 by 1^-2^ in. 
 shortly stalked broadly oblanceolate serrate submembrauous. 
 
 Tenasserim or Andaman Islb., Heifer. 
 
 Peduncles opposite the leaves, cirrhiferous. Racemes 1 ft. or more long, very slender. 
 Flowers glabrous, black when dry, subquadrangular. iStyle 0, stigma minute. Fruit f 
 
 72. V. polystachya, Wall. Cat. 6028, in part; stems cylindric very 
 coarse and thick situedily becoming covered with a thick corky bark, whole 
 plant quite glabrous with the exception of the spikelets whicii are slightly 
 puberulous, petiole 6 in., leaflets mostly 6-12 by 3-4 in. elliptic-oblong 
 cuspidate distantly serrate on long stalks coriaceous. 
 
 Tenasserim or Andaman Isls., Heifer; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. 
 Siam. 
 
 Peduncles opposite the leaves, robust, cirrhiferous. Tendrils atout. Racemes, 2 ft. ; 
 spikelets 2 in., covered with a short slight appressed pubescence. FUmers glabrous, 
 black when dry. Pttah united. iStyle very short. Fruit (immature) % in. diam., 
 globose, succulent. Seedf 
 
 73. V. nitlda, Laws. ; stems cylindric smooth, bark shredding, whole 
 plant quite glabrous, petiole 4-6 in. leaflets 7 on long stalks 8-10 by 3-4 in. 
 elliptic-oblong acute distantly and faintly serrate shining beneath mem- 
 branous, stipules large broadly ovate. V. polystachya, Wall. Cat. 6028 in 
 pai't and 9031. 
 
 Penang, Wallich. — Distrib. Siam. 
 
 Pi'dancles opposite tlie leaves, robust, 1 ^ ft., cirrhiferous, quite glabrous. Flowers 
 small, black when dry, subquadrangular. Petals united ? /Style very short. Fruit i — 
 
Vitis.\ XLiti. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) 663 
 
 These 3 last species are closely allied to V. clnnamomea and V. elegans, and with 
 them form the binding link between this genus and Fterisanthes. 
 
 Sect. VI. Leaves 1-3-pinnate. 
 
 74. V. rublfolla, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. eel Carey, ii. 480 ; Cat. ^037 ; 
 branches and younger parts pubescent, leaves pinnate, leaflets closely and 
 sharply serrate. 
 
 Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft., De Silva, &c.; Silhet, Waltich. Assam, blasters. 
 
 A large climbing shrub, branches slender, angular. Leaves 6-9 in. ; leaflets 2^-3^ by 
 l-2,\ in., shortly stalked, 3-5-paired, subcordate-ovate, acute or subacuminate. 
 Tendrils forked, glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Flowers small, green, umbel- 
 late in slender dichotonjoiis subcorymbose cymes. Fruit the size of a currant, red, 
 turning black. Seed ^ by | in., broadly obovoid, the back rounded and with a 
 spathulate tubercle, the margins transversely rugose, face sharply wedge-shaped, light- 
 brown. 
 
 75. V. cantonlensis, Seem. Bot. Herald Voy. 370; whole plant quite 
 glabrous, leaves pinnate or the lower pair of pinnae ternately compound. 
 Cissus cantoniensis, Hook, dc Am. Bot. Beech. 175. C. diversifolia, Walp. 
 PL Meyen. 314. Hedera hypoglauca, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 724. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith. — Distrib. Hongkong. 
 
 Stem slender, cylindric. Leaflets 5-paired, 2-3 by |-1 in., ovate-lanceolate, coarsely 
 crenate, whitish beneath. Tendrils branched. Flowers small, in dichotomons corym- 
 bose cymes, 5-merous ? Style subulate. Fruit and seed as in V. ruhifolia. — A spe- 
 cimen in Herb. Hook., marked Khasia, Griffith, is evidently a fragment of the plants 
 collected in Malacca. 
 
 DOUBTFUL OR EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 CissDS acutipolia, Poir.,' DO. JProdr. i. 630. Description too short for identifica- 
 tion. 
 
 C. Wallichiana, Turcz. in Bull. Moso. is Hedera Helix, L. 
 
 ViTis atroviridis. Wall. Cat. 6040, is Gymnostemma trigyna. 
 
 V. erytiiroclada, Kurz in Journ. As. Sac. Beng. 1872, ii. 301, from Pegu {Kurz) 
 is apparently allied to V. ohovata, but the description is not sufficient for identification. 
 
 V. TEicHOPHORA, Wall. Cat. 9032, is Gymnostemma trigyna ? 
 
 2. PTBRXSANTKBS, Blume. 
 
 Large scandent or sarmentose plants furnished with tendrils. Leaves 
 alternate, simple or 3-7-foliolate, digitate or pedate. Flowers small, 4-5- 
 merous, inserted on a flat expanded membranous pedunculated rachis, 
 unisexual ; male flowers marginal, often pedicellate ; female sessile. Calyx 
 cup-shaped or obsoletely toothed. Petals separating. Ovary 2-celled ; style 
 very short, stigma capitate. Berry globose or obovoid, 1-4-seeded. — 
 Distrib. Sp. 5 or 6. Malay and Indian archipelago. 
 
 Very closely allied to Vitis, especially to those forms of the genus in which the 
 flowers are sessile on racemose spikes. Miquel is probably right in uniting it with 
 Vitis. 
 
 1. P. pollta, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 95; whole plant quite 
 glabrous, leaves simple. 
 
 Martaban, at Moulmein, Lolib ; Singapore, J/aiw^a?/. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo. 
 
 An exceedingly slender far-climbing plant. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 i"-) elliptic-oblong 
 or ovate, acute, subcordate, distantly and spinosely serrate or entire, membranous. 
 Tendrils bearing the red expanded rachis. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit i 
 
GGi XLiii. AMPELiDE^. (M. A. Lawson.) \Pterisanthes. 
 
 2. P. heteraxitlia» GriJ". Notul. iv. 694, iinder Embamma ; branches 
 leaves and x>eduncle3 densely and persistently tomentose, leaves 3- 
 foliolate. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Mahgay. 
 
 A very slen^ler far-climbing plant. Leaves membranous; petiole 4-7 in,; leaflets 
 5-8 in., on stalkB %-\\ in., teriniijal leaflet lanceolate, the two lateral obliquely ^-cori^late, 
 serrate, covered above with stiff spreading hairs, beneath with a rust-coloured felteii 
 toraentum. Tendrils very short, bearing the expanded rachis. Flowers 4-G-merou8. 
 Fruit f — Very nearly allied to Miquei's V. ruj'via, if not identical with it. 
 
 3. P. oissoides, Bhnne Bijd. 193 ; leaves 3-folialate, brancbes leaves 
 and peduncles covered with a sparse white deciduous flocculent down. 
 Miguel ill Liimaa xviii. 385, t. viii. Cissus involucrata, /Spreuy. Sj/st. iv. 
 pt. li. 44. Embamma cordigera, Grif". Nutul. iv. 694 ; Ic. Fl. Asiat. t. 646. 
 Vitis pterisantha, Miq. Ann. Mus. LufjJ. Bat. i. 94. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maiiigay. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A slender climber. Leaves membranous ; petiole l^-Sin. ; leaflets shortly stalked, 
 3-4 by 2-2^ in.; terminal obovatc, lateral oblique, jialf cordate-ovate, distantly and spi- 
 n05:ely serrate, speedily becoming glabrous above, permanently pubescent on the nerves 
 beneath. TenJrUs short, bearing tlie glabrous expanded inflorescence. i^/o?/"er« 4-merou8. 
 Fruit globose, ^ in. diam., subflesliy, 2-ctlled, 4-beeded. iSeed i by ^ in., triangular, 
 rounded on the back, and with a sharp ridge beneath. 
 
 4. P. pedata, Laws.; leaves 5-foliolate covered with a sparse w^hite 
 flocculent down. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Main gay. 
 
 A slender climber, with glabrous branches. Leaves membranous ; petiole l§-2 in. ; 
 leaflets very shortly stalked, 24-3 by 1-1 J in., oblong-obovate, tipped with a hard 
 bristle, distantly audspinosely sen-ale, at length nearly glabrous above, nerves beneath 
 covered with a dense rusty tomeiitum. Tendrils short, bearing the glabrous inflo- 
 rescence. Flowers 4-merou8. Fruit i 
 
 3. liEBA, Linn. 
 
 Small trees shrubs or herbs. Braiiches striate or sulcate, often herbaceous. 
 Jjeaves alternate, usually very large,simple, or 1-2-3- pinnate ; petiole dilated 
 at the base into sheathing stipules, l^edunde.f opposite the leaves. Ten- 
 itrils 0. Injkivescence corymbosely-cyniose. Flowers reel, yellow or green. 
 Calyx 5-tootlied. Betals 5, connate at the base and adhering^to the sta- 
 rainal tube, revolute. Staviena united at the base into a 5-lobed tube, 
 filaments inserted between the lobes of the tube, inflexed; anthers Iree 
 and exserted, or connate and included in the tube. Ovcinj inserted on the 
 disk, 3-6-celled ; style short, stigma swollen ; ovules solitary in each cell, 
 erect. Berry 3-6-celled, 3-6-seeded, usually succulent, subglobose, flat- 
 tened at the top. Seed wedge-shaped. — Distrib. Species about 25 ; must 
 abundant in the tropics of Asia and Africa, rare in Australia. 
 
 Sect. I. Leaves simple. 
 
 1. 1m, macrophylla, Roxh. Fl. Ind. I 653; Wall. Cat. 6818 ; Wight 
 Ic. 1154; Daiz. (t Gibs. BomJ). Fl. 41 ; Brand. For. Fl. 102. L. latifoha, 
 Wall. Cat. 6821. L. simplicifolia, Griff. Notul. iv. 697 ; Ic. Fl, Asiat. 645, 
 f. 1. 
 
 Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Tkopical Himalaya, as far west 
 as Kumaon, to Bengal, Assam, Tenasserim ? and the Western Peninsula. 
 
Leea.] xtiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) 665 
 
 Stems erect, flexuose. Leaves 9 in. -2 ft., broadly ovate, subcordate at the base, 
 coarsely serrate or dentate or sublobod, repand, glabrous and dark-green above, nearly 
 white beneath, and pubescent with minute branching hairs. Cymes puberulous, 1 ft. or 
 more, freely branching. Flowers small, white. Anthers connected. Fruit the size 
 of a small cherry, smooth, black, succulent. — The root is said to yield a colour fit for 
 dyeing. 
 
 Sect. IT. Leaves pinnate (tripinnate leaves may occasionally be found on 
 luxuriant plants). 
 
 2. Xi. cinerea, Laws.; leaflets 6-9 by 4-5 in. elliptic-ovate serrate- 
 dentate repand dark-green and glabrous above pale beneath with minute 
 branching hairs membranous. 1 L. macrophylla, DC. Prodr. i. 635. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; at Paulgautcherry (in Malabar ?) Wight. 
 Stems herbaceous. Leaver about 2 ft" ; the lower leaflets on stalks 2-3 in., the 
 upper ones sessile. Cymes and Flowers as in L. macrophylla. Fruit f 
 
 3. Zi. coriacea, Laws. ; leaflets 10 by 4^ in. sessile ovate subcordate 
 at the base serrate-dentate not repand green and glabrous above rather 
 paler beneath and pubescent with minute nearly simple hairs coriaceous. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; the Concan, Stocks. 
 
 Stems herbaceous. Leaves about 2 ft. Flowers ? Fruiting -cymes large and fleshy, 
 
 branching freely. Fruii the siae of a large currant, dry. — I have seen only a single 
 specimen. 
 
 4. Zi. alata, Edgeworth in Tram. Linn. Soc, xx. 36 ; leaflets 12-14 by 
 2|-3 in. sessile oblong or oblong-lanceolate sharply and irregularly serrate 
 quite glabrous on both sides shining beneath reddish, Braiui. For. Fl. 102. 
 L. rubra, Fioyle III. 145, not of Blume. 
 
 Tropical Himalaya ; from Garwhal, Falconer, to Sikkim, alt. 1-5000 ft., /. D. H. 
 Stems herbaceous. Leaves shortly petioled ; petiole winged, reddish. Flowers red. 
 Anthers connate. Fruit the size of a large cui-rant, reddish-purple, succulent. 
 
 5. Zi. an^ustifolia, Laws. ; leaflets 1-1| ft. by f-1 in. on stalks i in. 
 linear-subulate acuminate subcordate at the base distantly serrate glabrous 
 on both sides. 
 
 Pegu, at Rangoon, M'Lelland. 
 
 Stems herbaceous. Leaves shortly petioled, about 2^ ft., pale glaucous-green. 
 Flowers ? Fruiting-cymes rather small though freely branching. Fruit the size of a 
 pea, dry. — Very closely allied to V. parallela. 
 
 6. Zi. crispa, Willd. Sp. Fl. i. 1177; stems branches peduncles and 
 petioles with crisped wings, leaflets shortly stalked 4-12 by ]^3|in. 
 oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong acuminate or acute rounded at the base 
 deeply and acutely serrate prominently penninerved, glabrous above minutely 
 pubescent on the nerves beneath coriaceous, nerves parallel straight one 
 running to each serrature. Jioxb. Fl. Ind. i. 654; Wall. Cai. 6627; DC* 
 Frodr. i. 635. L. pinnata, Andr. Lot. Rep. v. 355. 
 
 SiKKiM HiM.\LAyA and the Khasia Mts., alt. 1-4000 ft. ; Six<het» WaiUch- Assam, 
 Chittagong. The Concan, Law. 
 
 Stems herbaceous or somewhat woody, jointed, 4-5 ft. Leaves usually quinate- 
 pinnate. Cymes stoutish, small ; bracts minute. Anthers distinct. Fruit the size 
 of a cherry, black, succulent. — The crisped winged stems and petioles give to this 
 plant a most elegant appearance. 
 
 7. Zi. aspera, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 468; leaflets 
 on long stalks 3-6 by 2-3 in. cordate-ovate suddenly acuminate creuate- 
 
666 XLiii. AMPELiDEiK. (M. A. Lawson.) [I^eea. 
 
 serrate prominently penninerved scabrous on both sides and with 
 scattered white appressed hairs between the nerves above, nerves 
 parallel straight one mnning to every other serrature. EcUjeivorth in 
 Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 36 ; Brandis For. Fl. 102. ? L. herbacea, Wall. 
 Cat. 6829, and 6824 E & G {in part) under L. staphylea. 
 
 Western Tropical Himalaya, from Janiu to Nipal, ascending to 6000 ft.; Oudh, 
 Khandeish. Western Peninsula, Wight; the Concw, Law ? 
 
 Stems herbaceous, erect, 2-4 ft., puljescent, not crisped. Lraves membranous or 
 subcoriaceous when old. C^7we« small, pubescent. ^4 n</ier« distinct. Fruit {lie size 
 of a large currant, black, succulent. — Nearly allied to L. crispa, from which it may be 
 always readily distinguished by the want of the crisped wings on the stems and petioles, 
 and by the white appressed hairs on the interccistal spaces. L. aspera, Wall. Cat. 
 6825, belongs to L. rohnsta, but the speciiuens in Wall. Herb, under 6824 e and g in 
 part are the true plant. 
 
 8. Xi. pumila, Kurz in Joxim. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 302 ; stems and 
 rachis not winged, leaves abruptly or imparipinnate 4-5-folioiate, leaflets 
 4 in. unequal subfalcate oblong-lanceolate entire puberulous on both sides 
 especially beneath chartaceous. 
 
 Tenassekim, Kurz. 
 
 A small perennial herb, covered with a dense fulvous or cinereous pubescence. 
 Raclm and cymes ferruginously tomentose. Flowers small, in axillary branching sub- 
 paniculate cymes, shorter than the leaves. Sepals ciliate and usually thinly iiirsnte. 
 jPetals broadly oblong, ciliate. Squaina bifid woolly within. — The above description is 
 taken from Kurz. I have seen no specimen. It would appear to be allied to L. tri- 
 foliata. 
 
 9. Zi. trlfoliata, Laws. ; young parts very slightly pubescent otherwise 
 glabrous, leaves 3-foliolate leaflets shortly stalked 2-8 by ^-3 in. elliptic 
 Bubacuminate sharply serrate very thin and membranous, nerves slightly 
 arcuate one running to every other serrature. 
 
 Assam, Jenkins, &c.; Bhotan, Booth; Misiimi hills, Griffith. 
 
 A small rather wiry plant, 1-2 ft. Cymes small. Anthers distinct. Fruit the size 
 of a currant, black, dry. — Closely allied to L. aspera, but wanting the white hairs on 
 tlie intercostal spaces, and ditlering apparently greatly in habit. 
 
 Sect. III. Leaves 2-3-pinnate (pinnate leaves may be occasionally found 
 in young or starved plants). 
 * Leaves glabrous. 
 
 10. Xi. parallela ; leaflets 6-10 by 1-2 in. very shortly stalked lan- 
 ceolate or oblong-lanceolate sharply serrate drying a pale glaucous-green. 
 
 Assam, /mHn.-?; Birma, Roxburgh. 
 
 Shrubby? whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, 2-3 ft., sub- 
 coriaceous. Flowers small, glabious ; peduncles long. Cymes freely branching. 
 Anthers connate. Fruit the size of a pea, dry. — Very closely allied to L. ang^istifolia, 
 diflering only in the shorter broader and more sharply toothed leaves, and larger cymes. 
 
 11. Z.. sambucina, Willd. Sp. Fl. i. 1177 ; leaflets 2-10 by 1-4^ in. nar- 
 rowly-lanceolate to ovate-oblong or oblong acute or acuminate serrate 
 shining drying black. Foxb. Fl. Ind.i. Qbl ; Wall Cat. 6823; 1)C. Frodr. i. 
 635; (Jriff. Notd. iv. 698; Ic. Fl. Asiat. 644, t. i. ; Brand. For. Fl. 102. 
 L. sequata, Wall. Cat. 6824 d (not of DC.). L. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 6830. 
 L. gigantea, Griff. Notul. iv. 697. I^. laeta. Wall. Cat. 6831 ; Kurz inJourn. 
 As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii 65. L. ottilis, DC. Frodr. i. 636. L. ? var. 
 sanguinea, Wall, Cat. 6824 M. ; Kurz in Jown. As. Soc. Bmg. 1873, ii 66. 
 
Leea.] xliii. ampelide^. (M. A. Lawson.) 667 
 
 L. Staphylea Roxb. FL Ind. i. 658 ; W. <^ A. Prodr. 132; Wall. Cat. 6824 
 excej^t e, and g ; Wight Ic. 78 ; III. i. 58 ; Dalz. (k Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 41 ; 
 Tliwaites Enum. 64. Aquilicia sambucina, Linn. Mant. 211; (Jav. Diss. 7, 
 t. 218. A. ottilis, Goertn. Frmt. i. 275. Gilibertia nalugu, DC. Prodr. iv. 
 256. Gustonia nalugu, Sj/reng. Syst. ii. 440. Ottilis zeyla nica, Gcerin. 
 Fruct. i. t. 57. : Staphylea indica, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 24, f. 2. — Rheede Hort. 
 Mai. ii. 43, t. 26. 
 
 Common throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Himalaya as far west as 
 Kumaon, to Birma, and southwards to Ceylon and Malacca. — Distrib. Malay 
 Islands, China, Philippine Islands, Australia. 
 
 Stems shrubby, with straight branches. Leaves pinnate or tripinnate often 3| by 
 4 ft. ; leaflets stalked, very variable in size and shape ; nerves arcuate. Flowers 
 greenish- white. Anthers connate. Fruit the size of a small cherry, dry. — Wight and 
 Arnott discriminate two varieties, depending for their characters upon the texture of 
 their leaves, the size of their flowers, and the nature of the staminal-tubes ; but the 
 transitional conditions between tbem are so numerous that they cannot be maintained. 
 L. cequata, DC. Prodr. i. 635, with pubescent stems and leaves, belongs probably to 
 L. hir'ta or L. rohusta. A specimen of Griffith's, from Assam, with oblong acuminate 
 sharply and finely serrate leaflets and prominent parallel straight nerves, is probably 
 distinct. 
 
 ** Leaves pubescent. 
 
 ^ 12, Zi. integrifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i 659; leaflets 6-8 by 2-3 in. 
 
 linear-lanceolate or lanceolate acuminate entire or very slightly serrate 
 glabrous above sliglitly downy beneath. W. (^ A. Prodr. 132. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; moist valleys in the Circars, Roxburgh. 
 
 Subarboreous. Leaves supra-decompound, about 30 in. both ways. Cymes supra- 
 decompound, large, subcorymbose. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx. Staminal- 
 tube cylindric, the grooves running almost to the line of union with the corolla. Lobes 
 emarginate. Anthers oblong, pointed, connate. — I have seen no specimen, neither had 
 Wight and Arnott, whose emended description of Koxburgh I follow. 
 
 13. Ii. robusta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 655 ; leaflets 6-12 by 2^-6 in. ovate or 
 ovate-lanceolate cuspidate serrate glabrous above pubescent on the veins 
 beneath, cymes compact, bracts large persistent. W. ^ A. Prodr. 132; 
 Wall. Cat. 6826. L. aspera, Wall. Cat. 6825, in part. L. compactiflora, 
 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 65. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya and Khasia Mts., alt. 1-5000 ft., H. f. & T. ; Martaban, Kurz ; 
 Western Peninsula, in the Northern Circars, Roxburgh. 
 
 A large robust shrub, 5-6 ft. Stems stout, the older parts glabrous, the younger 
 covered with a harsh coarse short pubescence. Leaves 1-3 ft. long, often broader. 
 BraHs 4-1 in., lanceolate. Flowers larger than in the other species. Anthers connate. 
 Fruit black, succulent, the size of a small cherry. — Although Roxburgh describes the 
 cymes as supra-decompound and the bracts as linear and caducous, I believe that this 
 is the species he intended. 
 
 14. Zi. diffusa, Laws.; young parts covered with a short thin 
 pubescence, leaflets 5-12 by 2-5 in. shortly stalked acuminate serrate dark- 
 green above with a few white appressed hairs of the intercostal spaces at 
 length glabrous paler and pubescent on the nerves beneath, cymes very large 
 and difiuse, bracts minute caducous. L. aspera, Wall. Cat. 6825, in paH. 
 
 NiPAL, Wallich. Khasia Mts., alt. 2-3000 ft., H. f. & T. Tenasserim or Anda- 
 man Islands, Heifer. 
 
 A somewhat weak shrub, with more slender branches than in L. robusta. Leaves 
 thin and membranous ; nerves arched. Anthers connate. Fruit f — It would seem 
 
668 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Leea, 
 
 as though Koxburgh, in his description of the cymes of L. rohmta, had taken his cha- 
 racters from specimens belonging to this species. 
 
 15. 1,. hirta, Eoxb. Fl. hid. i. 655; branches and leaves hairy, leaflets 
 4-12 by 2-4 in. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrate harsli and 
 scabrous above hairy beneath, cymes very short and compact, bracts incon- 
 spicuous. Wall. Cat. 6822. L. scabra, ISteud. ii. 21. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, Assam, Siliiet, the Khasia Mts., East Bekqal, Chittagonq, 
 Pegu, and the Andaman Islands. — Distbjb. Java. 
 
 Shrubby, with coarse subscabrous branches and petioles. Veins arched. Cymen 
 2-5 in., very compact, densely hirsute. Floioers large. Anthers connate. Fruit the 
 size of a currant, black, dry? — Readily known from L. rohusta by its abundant and 
 harsh pubescence and inconspicuous bracts ; and from L. diffusa by its very short and 
 compact cymes. 
 
 DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 Leea cordata, Wall. Cat. 6019, appears to be a Vitis near V. pallida; the speci- 
 men is insufficient. Kurz in Joum. As. Sue. Beng. 18^3, pt. 2, 60, refers it doubtfully 
 to a form of V. Linruei. 
 
 Leea odontopuylla, Wall. Cat. 6820 (leaves only), is probably a Vitis, allied to 
 V. latifolia. 
 
 Order XLIV, SAPINDACE^. (By W. P. Hiern, JM.A.) 
 
 Trees, shrubs, or rarely stout or wiry herbs. Leaves alternate or less 
 commonly op^xjsite, exstipulate or occasionally stipulate, pinnate palmate tri- 
 foliolate or simple ; leaflets opposite or alternate, entire or dentate, occa- 
 sionally lobed. Flowers mostly polygamo-diojcious and small, usually either 
 irregular or unsymmetricaL Calyx mostly 4-5-lobed or -sepalous, often 
 unequally so, imbricate or valvate in the bud. Petals free, equal or unequal, 
 usually 4-5 or 0, tlie fifth sometimes deficient, flat or in one genus cup- 
 sluiped, often bearded or squamate at the base within. Disk annular or 
 unilateral, rarely in (^ flowers deficient. Starmm 5-10, inserted inside the 
 disk at the base of the ovary or outside or on the disk, sometimes unilateral ; 
 anthers 2-celled, basifixed or versatile ; filaments often pubescent, almost 
 always free. Ovary centric or exceutric, entire or lobed or sometimes divided 
 nearly to the base, 1-4-celled ; cells 1-2- or rarely more -ovuled. ^lyle simple 
 or divided, usually terminal ; stigma usually simple. Ovules anatropous cam- 
 pylotropous or amphitropous, usually 1 or 2 togetlier, occasionally more, 
 affixed to the axis of the ovary, ascending. Fruit capsular or indehiscent, 
 entire or lobed, sometimes winged. Seeds globose or compressed, arillate 
 or naked, exalbuminous or in some genera albuminous. Evil/ryo usually 
 tliick, sometimes plicate or spirally convolute.— Distrib. About 400 to 500 
 species scattered over the whole world, especially abundant within the 
 tropics ; 83 occur in Australia ; 37 in Tropical Africa ; 20 are given by 
 Boissier in the " Flora Orientalia.** 
 
 Tribe I. Sapindeee. Stamens inserted Inside the disk, sometimes 
 unilateral Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves exstipulate, alternate or in jEsculm 
 opposite. 
 
 Flowers irregular. Disk pnilateral or very oblique. 
 Ovules solitary. Leaves alternate, not digitate. 
 
 Fruit capsular, inflated, globose or pyriform. Leaflets biter- 
 ua,te , , . 1. Cabdiospeumuml. 
 
xLiv. SAPlNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) 669 
 
 Fruit indeliiscent, not tlivided into lobes. Leaves pinnate . 2. Hemigyrosa. 
 Fruit deeply divided into 3 1-indehiscent lobes. Leaves 
 piunate or 3-1-foliolate. 
 Leaves pinnate. Flowers not very small. 
 
 Lobes of fruit globose 3. Dittelasma. 
 
 Lobes of fruit oblong 4. Ekioglossum. 
 
 Leaves 3- or 1-foliolate. Flowers very small .... 5. Allophylus. 
 
 Ovules 2 together. Leaves opposite, digitate 6. ^sculus. 
 
 Flowers regular. Disk annular. 
 
 Fruit without wide membranous wings. 
 Ovules solitary. Fruit not inflated. 
 
 Petals each forming a turbinate cup ....... 7. Scyphopetalum. 
 
 Petals flat, with or without scales at the base. 
 
 Fruit capsular ♦ .... 8. Copania. 
 
 Fruit indehiscent. 
 
 Fruit not deeply lobed. 
 Sepals widely imbricated. 
 
 Lowest pair of leaflets not stipuliform ... 9. Lepisanthes. 
 
 Lowest pair of leaflets stipuliform 10. OtGPWora. 
 
 Calyx small ; lobes valvate or slightly imbricated. 
 
 Petals 0. Fruit ovoid ......... 11. SchleicheeA. 
 
 Petals 5. Fruit globose . 12. Glenniea. 
 
 Fruit deeply divided into 3-1 lobes. 
 Sepals widely imbricated. 
 
 Fruit smooth 13. Sapisdus. 
 
 Fruit muricated 14. Xerospermom. 
 
 Calyx valvate or slightly imbricated. 
 
 Flowers usually panicled and not fascicled ; 
 
 fruit muricated or tubercled or obsoletely so . 15. Nephelium. 
 
 Flowers fascicled. Fruit smooth 16. Pometia. 
 
 Ovules 2 together. Capsule inflated 17. Harpullta. 
 
 Fruit with 3-2 broad membranous wings 18. Zollingeria. 
 
 Tribe IT. Acerineee. Flowers regular. Stamens inserted on the disk. 
 Lohes of the fruit indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves opposite, 
 exstipulate. 
 Ovary 2-celled ; ovules 2 together. Fruit consisting of a double 
 
 samara 19. Acer. 
 
 Ovary ] -celled ; ovules solitary. Fruit borne on widely bracteated 
 
 pedicels 20. Dobinea. 
 
 Tribe III. Dodoneeeae. Flowers regular. Stamens inserted outside the 
 disk. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. 
 
 21. DODON^EA. 
 
 Tribe IV. melianfheeB. Flowers irregular. Stamens inserted inside 
 tile disk. Seeds albuminous. Leaves alternate, stipulate. 
 
 *21. Melianthus. 
 
 Tribe V. StaphyleeD. Flowerrs regular. Sta.mens inserted outside the 
 disk. Seeds albuminous. Leaves opposite, stipulate. 
 
 Fruit capsular, inflated. Flowers \ in. long 22. Staphylea. 
 
 Fruit indehiscent, more or less fleshy. Flowers small . . . .23. Turpinia. 
 
 1. CARDIOSPBRXMCUm, Linn. 
 
 Climbing herbs with wiry stems and branches, alternate exstipulate 
 leaves, biternate coarsely dentate leaflets, axillary racemes, lowest pair of 
 
670 XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Cardiospermum, 
 
 pedicels developed into spiral tendrils, and irregular polygamo-dioecious 
 flowers. Sepals 4, concave, the 2 outer ones small. Petals 4, in pairs, the 
 2 greater lateral usually adhering to tiie sepals each with an einarginate 
 scale above the base, the two smaller inferior remote from the stamens each 
 furnished with a small crested scale. Disk unilateral, wavy, almost reduced 
 to 2 round or linear glands opposite the lower petals. Stamens 8, excen- 
 tric ; filaments free or connate at base; the 4 nearest to the glands shorter 
 than the rest. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, trifid ; ovules solitary, ascending. 
 Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, inflated, loculicidal ; valves membranous, veiny. 
 Seech globose, usually arillate at the base, exalKuminous, testa crustaceous ; 
 cotyledons large, transversely conduplicate. — Distrib. Several species, 
 mostly occurring in Tropical America and a few in Tropical Africa. 
 
 For the morphology of the flower in this genus, see Griffith Notulce, iv. p. 546. 
 C. Schmiedelia and C. \'illosa, Dalz. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 34, are clearly meant to be 
 Schmiedelia villosa, Boxb. 
 
 1. C. aallcacabum, Linn. Sp. FL ed. i. 366; thinly pul)escent or 
 iie:irly glabrous ratiier pale, leaflets much acuminate, flowers small. 
 W. ikA. Frodr. l \m ; Wall. Cat. 8030; Griff. Notul. iv. 546, Ic. Fl. As'uit. 
 
 yiv. t. 599, f. 3; Stewart Funjah Fl. 31; Dalz. d- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 34; 
 Wi'jht Ic. t. 508 ; Thwaites En am. 54 ; RoxIj. Fl. I)id. ii. 292 ; Bol. Mag. t. 
 1049 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Fl. 28 ; Boi.^s. Fl. Orient, i. 945 ; Baker in 01 iv. 
 Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 417, with Sf/?i.; Benth. FL Austrcd. i. 453. C. microcarpum, 
 H. B. K. ^ov. Gen. d; Sp. Fl. v. 104; Baker I.e. 418, with syn.—liheede 
 Hort. Mai. viii. t. 28; Ftmiph. Hei-b. Amboin. vi. t. 24, f. 2. 
 
 Throughout India, from the N.W. Frontier to Ceylox and Malacca, — DistrIb. 
 Most tropical and subtropical countries. 
 
 Annual or perhaps in some cases perennial. Branches slender, furrowed. Leaves 
 deltoid or ovate, 14-3 in. ; leaflets deeply cut. Flowtrs white, ^ in. Fruit ^-1^ in. 
 wide, broadly pyrifonn. Seeds ofKcinal. Boot apt^ricnt. — The form with smaller 
 obversely deltoid capsule (C microcarpum), being connected with the t^pe by con- 
 tinuous links, does not appear to me to be a distinct species. 
 
 2. C. cane»cens, Wall. Fl. As. Ear. i. 14, t. 14 ; pale, softly pubescent, 
 leaflets short, flowers of moderate size. W. d' A. Frodr. i. 109 ; Wifjht Ic. 
 t. 74; Wall. Cat. 8032; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 418, with sijn. 
 1 C. ovatum, Wall. Cat. 8031. C. pubescens, Griff. Joum. l^^^notof Lagasca. 
 
 BiKMA, Wallich, Griffith. Western Peninsula, from the Coucan and Circars south- 
 wards. — Distrib. Abyssinia. 
 
 Annual. Branches 5-furrowed. Leaves patent, triangular, 2-3 in. Floicers J-| in. 
 Fruit nearly globose, 1-1 ^ in. — C. ovatum deviates somewhat from the type in the 
 direction of the previous species. 
 
 2. KBMZGVROSA, Blume. 
 
 Trees with alternate exstipulate abruptly pinnate pallid leaves, quite 
 entire coriaceous oblong much reticulated leaflets, short pedicels bracteate 
 at the base and crowded polygamo-moncecious irregular flowers on spicate 
 racemes arranged in axillary panicles. Sepals 5, erect, concave, the 2 outer 
 ones smaller. Fetals 4-5, concave, shaggy at the claw, with an entire or 
 bifid or crested and hooded scale inserted at the claw within ; the fifth 
 petal equal minute or obsolete. Di'<k unilateral, cushion-shaped. Stamens 8 
 or ill S flow'ers 6-10, ascending, somewhat unilateral, inserted at the base 
 ' of the ovary within the disk; filaments pilose; anthers not or scarcely 
 
Hemigyrosa>] XLiv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 671 
 
 exserted. Ovary excentric, turbinate-trigonous, 3- celled ; stigma trigonous, 
 blunt; ovule solitary. Fruit indehiscent, thickly coriaceous fiesby or 
 woody, trigonous or globose, bairy, 3-celled ; cells bairy inside. Seeds 
 oblong, exalbuminous, exarillate, testa coriaceous ; cotyledons fleshy, 
 equal. — Distrib. A few species, confined to the tropics of tbe old world. 
 
 The venation of the leaflets is similar to that of the leaves of Diospyros Einbryopteris, 
 Pers. 
 
 1. X. deficiens, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 231 ; leaflets 8-14 opposite sub- 
 opposite or alternate oblong glabrous sbining, racemes solitary crowded or 
 panicled axillary or scattered along tbe boughs shortly tomentose, petals 
 4-5 crenulate or subentire, scales entire half the length of tbe petals, bracts 
 ovate small, flowers fascicled. Sapindus? deficiens, W.S A. Prodr. i. 111. 
 Anomosanthes deficiens, Blume Humph, iii. 151 ; Benth. (fc Hook. f. Gen. 
 PL i. 402 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. A7ial. Gen. Ixxii. 
 
 Western Peninsula, Courtallam, Cochin, Travancor, Tinnevelley Ghats, and Anna- 
 mallay hills, alt. 2-5000 ft. 
 
 A middle-sized or small tree. Barh slightly tinged with red. Leaves 1-2 feet 
 long; leaflets 5-9 by l|-2 4 in. Inflorescence 2-24^ m. Flowers ^-{ in. Stamens 8-10, 
 rarely only 6 in male flowers ; 8 in female flowers, according to Beddome. Fruit 
 unknown. — No specimens from Ceylon, as stated by Wight 111. i. 141. 
 
 2. K. canescens, Thwaites Enum. 56, 408 ; leaflets 2-8, mostly oppo- 
 site elliptic-oblong ovate or lanceolate glabrous sbming, racemes simple or 
 panicled axillary or scattered over tbe branches sliortly tomentose, brac- 
 teoles mostly subulate, flowers fascicled, petals witb short cut scales at 
 base. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 151. H. tricbocarpa, Thwaites I.e. ; Bedd. Anal. 
 Gen. Ixxi. Molinaea canescens, Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 43, t. 60; Fl. Ind. ii. 243. 
 Sapindus tetrapbylla, Vahl Symh. iii. 54 ; Wall. Cat. 8040. S. bijugus, Wall. 
 Cat. 8045. Cupania canescens, Pers. Syn. PZ. i. 413 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 
 29; W. dc A. Prodr. \. 113; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35. Cupania (sp.) 
 Wall. Cat. 9034. Cupania (sp.) 6, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. 
 
 Tenasserim and Birma, Wallich, Heifer; Western Peninsula, from the Concan 
 southwards ; common on the east side of the Madras Presidency, Ceylon, near Kanally, 
 
 A shrub or good sized tree, with a trunk of considerable size but not straight. Bark 
 cinereous. Leaves 5-22 in. ; leaflets usually obtuse or eraarginate, occasionally acute, 
 2J-10 by |-5 in. ; petiolules rugose, \-l in. long, slightly fuscous. Inflorescence shorter 
 than the leaves. Flowers white, i-^ in. Fruit subglobose or 3-sided, tomentose, ^-1 
 in. thick, ochre-coloured. — The pulpy mesocarp resembles an aril. 
 
 3. K. long-ifolia, Hiern.; leaflets 6 opposite or subopposite oblong 
 shortly acuminate acute glabrous sliining base obtuse, racemes short 
 solitary crowded or branched axillary or supra-axillary, flowers tomentose, 
 scale of petals short shaggy flat entire or bifid. 
 
 Malacca, GriffitJi, Maingay. 
 
 Young parts inflorescence and fruit velvety. Leaves 2-2\ ft.; rachis velvety or 
 obsoletely so ; leaflets 12-15 by 2:^-31 in. ; petiolules f-i in. obsoletely velvety. In- 
 florescence 2-3 in. ; flowers 4 in. ; bracteoles subulate, \-^ in. Petals 5, obovate, 
 oblong. Fruit 1 in. long and broad, trigonous, with 3 broad shallow furrowe, setose; 
 setai iiexuose, tomentose. " , 
 
 3. DZTTEXiASBXA, Hook. f. 
 
 A tree. Leaves alternate, pinnate, exstipulate, leaflets subopposite or 
 alternate, quite entire. Panicles terminal, bracteate. Flowers pale, 
 
672 XLTV. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Dittclasma. 
 
 polygamo-monoecious. Sepak quincuncial, oblong, rounded at apex, rather 
 unequal. Petals 4, erect, oblong, concave, tomentose outside, the place of 
 the fifth vacant ; scale as large as the petal, obovate-oblong, densely shaggy- 
 crested incurved and cohering at apex^ inserted near the base of the petal 
 and closely applied to its. lamina. Disk sernilunate-annular, much wider 
 towards one side, glabrous. Stamens 8, inserted around the base of the 
 ovary, equal ; filaments shaggy, slender at the tip ; anthers small, shortly 
 exserted. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous, 3-lobed, 3-celled, contracted at 
 the apex into short erect style, stigma shortly ;3-lobed ; ovules solitary in 
 the cells of the ovary. Fruit 1-3-coccous, 2 segments usually smaller or 
 obsolete, subglobose, rather fleshy, indehiscent. Seed globose, exarillate, ex- 
 albuminous ; testa very thick, bony, embryo curved, cotyledons large 
 unequal incurved ; radicle short, incumbent.— Distkib. A monotypic genus. 
 
 1. D. Rarak, Hooh / in Bmth. ^ llooh.f. Gen, PL i. 396; leaflets 
 14-2G usually lanceolate-acuminate delicately veined base oblique shortly 
 petioluled, inflorescence erect ovoid-pyramidal shorter than or about 
 equalling the leaves. Sapindus Rarak, JXJ. Prodr. i. 608; Blame Pumph. iii. 
 93, t. 107. IS. pinnatus, Mill. Gard. Diet. No. 3. S. saponaria, Lour. Fl. 
 Cochinch. 238 (not of Linn.) — Rumph. Herb. Amboin. ii. 134. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Mairujay. (Ceylon, introduced.) — Distrib. Cochin-china, Java, 
 Seychelles (introduced). 
 
 Trunk rising 50-GO ft., terete, covered with a glabrous tenacious smooth bark. 
 Leaves ranging up to 1^ ft., pari- or imparipinnate; petiole not winged; leaflets 2-4J 
 by i-l^ in., glabmus. Panicle 6-14 in., tawny-velvety. Flowera \ in., tomentose, 
 white or pale. Fruit ^-1 in. 
 
 4. X:aZOGZ.OSSUXa, Blume. 
 
 Erect trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-ninnate, exstipulate, alternate. 
 Leajiefs opposite or subopposite, entire. Pauicles terminal, erect, bearing 
 the white irregular iiolygamodicecious flowers on elongated branches. 
 Sepals 5, unequal, orbicular, concave, broadly imbricated, the two outer 
 ones smaller. Petals 4, unequal, obovate, clawed, the place of the 5th 
 vacant, scale hairy, hooded, with an a])ical lobed appendage. Disk one- 
 sided, lobed. Stamens 8, more or less turned to one side, rather unequal ; 
 filaments hairy. Ovary stii)itate, obcordate, 3-lobed, 3-celled ; style 
 slender, stigma obscurely 3-lobed; ovules solitary in the cells of the ovary. 
 Fruit 1-3-lobed to the base ; segments oblong, indehiscent, diverging. 
 Seeds oblong, exarillate, exalbuminous, testa membranous ; embryo 
 straight ; cotyledons thick.— Distrib. Species 2, one of which is at present 
 known to occur only in Senegambia. 
 
 For the morphology of the flower in this genus, see Griffith Notul. iv. 549. 
 
 1. S. edule, Blume Bijdr. 229 ; Rumphia iii. 110, t. 166 ; leaflets 8-12 
 ellii'tio- or ovate-oblong often acuminate shortly pubescent at least on the 
 veins beneath, base u.sually oblique obtuse shortly petioluled, flowers 
 crowded. Benth.Fl. Audral. i. 454. E. rubiginosum. Brand. For. Fl. 108. 
 Moulinsia cupanioides, Cambess in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii. 27, 40, t, 2. 
 Sapindus rubiginosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 44, t. 62 ; Fl. Ind. il 282 ; W. <L' A. 
 Prodr. i. 112 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pi. 29 ; Wall. Cat. 8041 ; Grif. ^'otul. iv. 
 548 ; Dalz. ^ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 14; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixxiii. 
 S. fraxinifolius, DC. Prodr. i. (jo8. S. eduiis, Blume Cat. Buitenz. 64. M. 
 rubiginosa, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 667. S, alternifolius and longifolius, Herb. 
 Hamiit. ex W. Jc A. I.e.; Wall. Cat. 8041 D, 8046. S. pinnatus, Roxb. Ic. 89. 
 
Erioglossum.] Xliv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 673 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, Assam, Oudh, Eastern Peninsula, from Binna to Penang and 
 Malacca, Western Peninsula from the Godavery southwards. — Distkib. Widely- spread 
 over the Indian Archipelago, and N.W. coast of Australia. 
 
 A large timber tree or shrub, with the shoots petioles and inflorescence ferruginous- 
 pubescent. Leaves about 1-2 ft. ; leaflets 3-15 by 1-3^ in. Flowers sweet-scented, 
 shortly pedicelied in small clusters, on elongated spike-like racemes, arranged in a 
 panicle. Fruit \ in. — Wood useful, strong, and durable, chocolate coloured in the 
 centre. In Linnaeus' Herbarium this species is named Sapindus Saponaria. 
 
 5. AI.Z.OFHirZ.US, Linn. 
 
 Small trees or shnib.s. L'avt.-< 1- or 3-folif)late, exstipulate, leaflets entire 
 or serrate. Racemes simple or branched axillary. Flowers small, polygamo- 
 dicecious, globose, shortly pedicelied, white or yellowish. Sepals^ 4 in 
 opposite pairs, hooded, membranous, widely imbricated ; the two outer 
 ones smaller. Petals 4, the place of the 5th vacant, small (or obsolete), 
 sometimes declinate, naked inside or usually furnished with a shaggy scale 
 above the claw. Disk one-sided, usually with 4 glands opposite the petals. 
 iStamens 8, inserted on the receptacle inside the disk. Ovary usually 
 2-lobed and 2-celled • ovules in the cells solitary. Fruit indehiscent 
 usually l-ii-lobed ; lobes subglobose, fleshy or dry. Seeds usually with a 
 short fleshy aril ; embryo curved ; cotyledons plicate. — Distrib. A large 
 chiefly tropical American genus ; about 12 species occur in tropical Africa, 
 others in South Africa, the Mascarine Islands, Madagascar, &c., and several 
 in the Indian Archipelago. 
 
 Sect. I. Leaves unifoliolate. 
 
 1. A. zeylanicus, Linn. Nov. PI. Gen. in Amoen. Acad. i. 398 (1747); 
 leaves unifoliolate ovate oblong or obovate more or less acuminate, racemes 
 simple or slightly branched. Schrnidelia AUophylus, DC. Prodr. i. 611. 
 Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 326 ; Thwaites Enum. 55; Bedd. Ic. PI. 
 Ind. Or. t. 286. S. bidentata, Walt. Cat. 8062. Ornitrophe AUophylus, 
 Pers. Syn. PI. i. 412. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 1-3000 ft. Assam. Cachar. Ceylon. 
 
 A shrub or small tree with terete branches. Leaves 14-16 by \,-l\ in.;/petioles |-3 
 in. Racemes |-9 in. Flowers ^^-^ in. diam. Fruit globose, red. — A /Variable spe- 
 cies, the principal forms of which may be indicated as follows ; intermediate forms exist 
 in some cases. 
 
 Var. 1. acuminata; glabrous, leaves quite entire ovate, racemes rather long. S. 
 acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 55 ; Bedd. Lc. PI. Ind. Or. t. 287,— Ceylon. 
 
 Var. 2. assamica; glabrous, leaves quite entire oblong, racemes short. — Assam. 
 
 Var 3. Mspida; branches midrib and margins of leaf hispid. S. hispida, Thwaites, 
 I.e.; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 152.— Ceyhn. 
 
 Var. 4. varians; leaves small obovate toothed widely repand denticulate subcoria- 
 ceous, racemes rather elongated. S. varians, Thwaites Enum. 408 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. 
 Or. t. 288. 
 
 Var. 5. Thwaitesii ; leaves 6-10 in. obovate toothed widely repand denticulate or 
 toothed subcoriaceous, racemes short. — Ceylon. 
 
 Var. 6. grandifolia; leaves obovate toothed or widely repand denticulate, submem- 
 branous. ISchmidelia, sp, 10, Herb. Ind. Or. M.f. & T. — Sikkim, Assam, Cachar. 
 
 Sect. IL Leaves trifoliolate. 
 
 2. A. Cobbe, Blume Rumph. iii. 131 ; leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obovate 
 ovate or lanceolate mostly acuminate hairy or glabrous subcoriaceous entire 
 dentate or serrate, racemes simple, flowers irregular, petals sometimes 
 declinate. Rhus Cobbe, Linn. Sp. PL ed. i. 267. Ornitrophe Cobbe, 
 
 VOL. I. XX 
 
674 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. - (W. P. Hiem.) [Allophyhis^ 
 
 Willd. Sp, PI. ii. 322 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. ii 268. Usubis triphylla, Burm. Fl. 
 Ind. 89, t. 32, f. 1. 0. Schmiedelia, Pers. Syn. i. 412. Schmidelia Kobbe, 
 Lamh.lll, ii. 443. t. 312, f. 2. S. Cobbe, DC. Prodr. i. 610; W. d^ A. 
 Prodr. 109 ; Grak Cat. Bomb. PL 29 ; Wight III. i. 141 ; Wight Ic. t. 
 9642 ; Thwaites Enum. 55. Toxicodendrum Cobbe, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 207, t. 
 44, f. 5. O. serrata, Moxb. Cor. PL i. t. 61 ; FL Ind. ii. 266. S. serrata, 
 DC. I.e.: Wight IlL i. 141; W. & A. Prodr. 110; Benth. Fl Austral, i. 
 455 ; Wall. Cat. 8061 (O. malabarica, Hh. Madr.). S. racemosa, Linn. 
 Mant 67 ; Wall Cat. 8059. O. Aporetica, Itoxh. HorL Beng. 28 ; FL 
 Ind. ii 264. Aporetica ternata, J. P. d' G. Forst. CJiaract. Gen. PL \ 32, 
 t. 66. 0. villosa, Roxb. Ilort. Beng. 28 ; FL Ind. I.e. 265. S. villosa, Wight 
 Ic. t. 401 ; Thwaites I.e.; Wall. Cat 8060. S. Rheedii, Wight Ic. t. 964 ; Spic. 
 Neilgh. Bot. 33. O. glabra, Roxb. Ilort. Beng. 28; FL Ind. I.e. 267. 
 Allophyllus lanatus, Roxb. Uort. Beng. 88 ; FL Ind. ii. 263. S. distacbya, 
 DC I.e. 610. S. Aporetica, WalL Cat. 8058 ; Kurz in Joum. As. Soe. 
 Beng. 1870, ii. 74. K glabra, WaU.Cat. 8057; Steud. Norn. ed. 2, ii. 531. 
 Pometia ternata, G. Forst. Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 74 (1786). 1 S. dentata, 
 WaI,L ex Voigt Ilort. Sub. Calc. 93. Schmidelia (Allophyllus ornitro- 
 phioides, Herb. Roxh.) ; Wall. Cat. 8055. S. adeuophylla, Wall. Cat. 8063. 
 S. vestita, Wall. Cat. 8066. S. timorensis, DC. Prodr. i. 611. S. orientalis, 
 Sw. FL Ind. Gee. ii 666. S. ternata, Cambess. in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii. 24. 
 O. asiatica, II(yrt. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ii. 230. — Rheede Ilort. Mai. v. t. 25. 
 
 Assam, Silhet, Birma, and soutlnvards through the Eastern Peninsula. Western 
 Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. Ceylon. — Distrib. N. AustraHa, ludian 
 Arohipehigo, &c. 
 
 A small tree, or on the low lands and near the coast a shruh, sometimes of consi- 
 derable size with a^climbing habit. Bark grey or purple, spotted. Leaves very vari- 
 able in size, shape, margin, and surface. LeaitcU 1-lU by ^-4 in.; terminal petiolules 
 ranging up to 1 in., lateral ones very short. Inflorescence 3-9 in. ; flowers yellowish or 
 white, clustered, small ; pedicels short. Fruit red, shining, globose, \ in. — The r(»ot is 
 said to be astringent ; the ripe fruits are eaten by the natives. According to Wight & 
 Arnott in their Prodromus, Allopliyllus ternatus. Lour. FL Cochinch. 232 (= S. co- 
 chinchincnsis, DC. I.e. 611), and LJemella trifolia, Lour. I.e. 649 (= fcJ. Gemella, Camh. 
 I.e.) appear to belong to this plant. 
 
 An exceedingly variable species, widely spread in India and the Archipelago, and 
 perhaps extending to Africa and America. Tlie following is a rough key to the prin- 
 cipal forms, which are, however, connected by various intermediate links : — 
 Racemes simple, solitary. Petals somewhat declinate. 
 Leaflets oval or ovate. 
 
 Glabrescent or somewhat hairy. 
 
 Leaflets crenate-dentate. Bracts short racemosus. 
 
 Leaflets serrate- denticulate. Bracts subulate serratus. 
 
 Shoots and leaves very hairy villoniis. 
 
 Leaflets oval-oblong or lanceolate-acuminate. 
 
 Leaflets subentire or serrulate. Bracts fehort glaher. 
 
 Leafltts acutely serrate. Bracts long, linear Aporetica. 
 
 Racemes simple, 2 together. Petals not declinate, but the place of the 
 
 filth petal vacant distachys. 
 
 Racemes branched, solitary Rheedii. 
 
 EXCLUDED SPECIES OF ALL0PHYLU8 (SchmidcHa). 
 
 Allophylus pinnatus, Roxh. Ic. t. 1407, is Otophora fruticosa, Blume. 
 Schmidelia (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8056, is probably Walsura villosa. Wall. 
 S. (Oknitkophe) fcetidissima, Wall. Cat. 8064. Cfr. Gynocardia. 
 S. iNTEGEERiMA, WoLl. Cat. 8065, is Evodia Roxburghiana, Benth. 
 
jEscuIus,] xliv. sapindace^. (W. p. Hiern.) 675 
 
 6. SISCUXiUS, Liun. 
 
 Trees and shrubs with scaly buds. Leaves opposite, digitate, deciduous, 
 exstipulate ; leaflets obovate or oblong, serrate. Panicles terminal, thyrsoid. 
 Flowers large, polygamous, irregular. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 5- cleft 
 or -dentate, deciduous, with unequal imbricated lobes. Petals 4-5, unequal, 
 clawed, without scales, imbricated, exceeding the calyx. Disk annular or 
 unilateral, lobed or entire. Stamens 5-8, usually 7, inserted within the 
 disk, free. Ovary sessile, 3-celled. Style elongated, ' slender ; stigma 
 simple. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary, superposed. Fruit capsular, 
 1-3-celled ; valves loculicidal, coriaceous ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds subglobose, 
 exalbuminous, with a broad hilum ; testa coriaceous ; cotyledons thick, 
 corrugated, conferruminated. — Distrib. About 14 species, natives mostly 
 of the temperate parts of Asia and America. 
 
 ^. Hippocastanum, Linn., is said to be indigenous in North India, but it is not 
 now known in the wild state. See Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 497. 
 
 1. HS. (Pavia) indica, Colebr. in Wall. Cat. 1188; leaflets usually 7 
 acuminate delicately serrate submembranous distinctly petioluled, panicles 
 oblong nearly equalling or exceeding the leaves, flowers secund. Camh. in 
 Jacq. Voy. Bot. 31, t. 35 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5117 ; Brand. For. Fl. 103, t. 19 ; 
 lioyle III. 135 ; Stew. Punjab PL 31. 
 
 Western Himalaya, alt. 4-10,000 ft. from the Indus to Nipal. — Distrib. Affgha- 
 nistan. 
 
 A fine tree of 60-70 ft. in height and 10-15 in girth, with glabrous terete branches. 
 Leaves glabrous ; leaflets unequal, the terminal one 5-9 by 1^-3 in., the lateral ones 
 smaller ; common petiole 3-6 in., thickened at the base, sulcate above ; petiolules 
 ranging to f in. Calyx tubular, | in. long, frequently splitting as the flowers open ; 
 lobes short, rounded. Petals 4, white with red and yellow, the phice of the fifth vacant. 
 Capsule ovoid or subpyriform., reddish-brown, without spines, rather rough, 1-2 in. long. 
 Seeds dark. — The interior of the seeds is eaten in the Himalayas, according to Dr. 
 Eoyle, in time of famine ; cattle habitually eat them. The bark peels off in long strips ; 
 the wood is light-coloured and easily worked. The fruit is officinal, being applied ex- 
 ternally for rheumatism. The leaves are lopped for winter fodder in the Himalaya. 
 
 2. SS. (Pa via) punduana, Wall. Cat. 1189 ; leaflets 6-7 acuminate 
 delicately serrate subcoriaceous shortly petioled, panicles narrowly lan- 
 ceolate nearly equalling the leaves, lower pedicels longer. M. asamicus, 
 Griff. Journ. 69, 75, 80, 122. P. khassyana, Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 97. 
 
 Tropical Sikkim Himalaya, /. D. H. Khasia Mts., ascending to 4000 ft. Assam 
 and BiRMA. — Distrib. Siam. 
 
 A tree with glabrous terete branches. Leaves glabrous ; leaflets unequal, the ter- 
 minal one 8-15 by 2\-6 in., the lateral ones smaller; common petiole 7^-12 in. ; petio- 
 lule |-| in. Calyx tubular, \ in.; lobes short, rounded at apex. Petals 4, white and 
 yellow. 
 
 7. SCYPKOPETiLZ.UM;, Hiem. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves alternate exstipulate unequally pinnate ; leaf- 
 lets opposite. Flowers panicled, regular, hermaphrodite, 4-6-merous. 
 Calyx deeply lobed, hemispherical ; lobes ovate, somewhat imbricated in 
 the bud. Petals shorter than the calyx, without scales, very shortly 
 clawed, each forming a wide short turbinate somewhat compressed cup, 
 glabrous outside, hirsute inside. Stamens 7-6, inserted within the short 
 annular glabrous disk, scarcely exserted, glabrous ; fllaments subulate- 
 linear, curved near the apex; anthers short, 2-celled, fixed by the base. 
 
 XX2 
 
Q76 XLiv. sAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Scyphopetalum. 
 
 Ovary hairy, subsessile, 3-celled, entire ; ovules solitary ; style obsolete • 
 stigma blunt. — Distkib. A monotypic genus peculiar by the cup-shaped 
 petals. 
 
 1. S> pamlflorum, Hiern ; leaflets 9 oblong obtuse or subacuminate 
 coriaceous glabrescent base somewhat narrowed shortly petioluled, panicles 
 from the old wood short, pedicels equalling or ratlier exceeding the 
 flowers. — Sapindacea, Gi"iff. Journ. 83. 
 
 BiRMA ; hilly woods in the Hookhoora valley, Griffith {Kew distrih. 985). 
 
 Branches reddish. Leaves 1 ft., pallid in the dry state ; petioles 2 in. ; leaflets 
 shining above, 4-8 by 14-2^ in. ; petiolules \ in., puberulent ; lateral veins about 16 on 
 each side of midrib, alternate. Panicles 2^-3 in. diam. Flowers | in. wide, shortly 
 pubescent. Petals flesh-coloured. 
 
 8. CUPANZA, Plum. 
 
 Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate in most cases abruptly 
 
 E innate ; leaflets entire, subcoriaceous. Fanicles axillary and subterminal, 
 racteoled. Flowei's nearly regular, polygamo-dicecious. Calyx 5-4-cleft 
 or sepals 5-4, roundish, concave, nearly valvate or imbricated in 2 rows. 
 FctaU 5-4 or obsolete, with or without 1-2 bilobed or entire scales at base 
 inside. Disk regular or unequally tliickened, annular, glabrous, fleshy. 
 Stamens 7-10, rarely fewer, inserted within the disk, included or more 
 usually exserted. Ovarij ovoid obovoid or obcordate, 2-4-celled, more 
 or less pubescent ; ovules solitary. Fruit capsular, usually loculicidal 
 obcordate or pyriform, 2-4-lobed or -sided and -celled ; lobes connate or 
 almost free and divaricate, sometimes compressed. iSee<h subglobose or 
 oblon» more or less covered with an aril, exalbuminous. Embryo thick, 
 curved. — Distrib. A rather large tropical genus of both Worlds ; 14 of 
 them are endemic in Australia and only 1 in tropical Africa. 
 
 Sect. I. Fruit widely obcordate or 2-3-lobed. 
 
 * Sepals 5. Lateral veins of leaflets arching ^ not parallel, 
 
 1. C. g'labrata, Kiirz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii 303 (1872); 
 
 ?;labrescent leaflets 4-8 lanceolate or ovate-oblong Acuminate subcoriaceous 
 oosely but prominently reticulated base cuneate oblique, panicles racemose 
 or racemes simple, flowers pentamerous, petals shorter than tlie sepals 
 squan)ate. Sapindus squamosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 88 ; Ft. Ind, ii. 282 ; 
 Wall. Cat. 8097. Connaracea ?, Wall. Cut. 8550. 
 Pegu and Mautaban. Penang, O. Porter. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago {Eoxb.). 
 A tree of 25-30 ft. Leaves abruptly pinnate, shortly petioied, quite glabrous and 
 shining ; leaflets 4-7 in. Flowers white ; pedicels yV i^- Outer sepals j\ in. Petals 
 yV in , glabrous outside, densely white-cottony inside. Ovary tawny-hairy. 
 
 2. C. pallldula, Hiem ; young parts tawny-pubescent, rachis of leaves 
 not winged, leaflets 6-8 alternate or suboi)posite elliptic- or ovate-oblong 
 thinly coriaceous pallid inconspicuously veined base oblique cuneate, 
 flowers pentamerous, sepals much imbricated, petals with a large hairy 
 scale on each side of base, capsule 2-3-lobed stipitate. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 A small tree. Branchltts terete, clothed with a very short tomentum. Leaves 
 6 12 in. ; leatlets 2-5 by |-2 in., acuminate ; petiolules very short, tumid at base. 
 Flowers \ in. wide. Anthers small, glabrous, exserted. Capsule 4 in., lobes ^ in. 
 wide, nearly glabrate. — Nearly related to C regularis, Blurae Kumph. iii. 159, from 
 Sumatra and Borneo ; but diflers from it by generally smaller leaves and a paler colour 
 
Cupania.] XLiv. sapindaceje. (W. P. Hiern.) 677 
 
 in the dry state. In Dr. Brandis' herbarium there is a specimen from Salween, Burmah, 
 named C. regularis, Blume ; it is of a dusky colour with leaves 6-12 in., leaflets 4 oppo- 
 site 4-7 by I3-2I in., and inflorescence about 4 in. 
 
 3. C. fuscidula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 302 (1872) ; pube- 
 rulent, leaflets 3-6 alternate ovate or oval obtusely subacuminate thinly 
 coriaceous dusky (in the dry state) above with lax not strongly marked nor 
 parallel reticulation base very oblique, panicles many-flowered, scales of the 
 petals bifid or entire not much shorter than the petals. 
 
 Tenasserim, Heifer. 
 
 A tree. Shoots shortly pubescent. Leaves 5-8 in. ;,rachis not winged ; leaflets 1^-4^ 
 by|-l|in.; petiolules very short. Paniclts 3-4 in. long ; flowers t2~~A in. wide, 
 pentandrous. Sepals imbricated. Anthers included or not much exserted, glabrous. 
 
 4. C, pleuropteris ?, Blume Rumph. iii. 158 ; rachis of leaves narrowly 
 winged above, leaflets 4-8 opposite or subopposite obovate or narrowly elliptic 
 obtusely acuminate or pointed base obliquely narrowed thinly coriaceous 
 glabrate or puberulent at least beneath, inflorescence shorter than the 
 leaves pedicels about equalling the pubescent pentamerous flowers, sepals 
 unequal, petals larger furnished at the base each with 2 obovate scales, 
 stamens inserted, capsule obcordate 2-3-lobed. 
 
 Singapore, Maingay. Malacca, Maingdy, Griffith. Penang, Wallich. — Distrib. 
 Borneo, Sumatra. 
 
 Young paits shortly tawny-pubescent. Leaves rather pallid especially beneath, 
 4-84 '^^•'i leaflets 1-6 by J-2 in., subsessile. Flowers Jin. diam. Calyx persistent. 
 Disk glabrous, fleshy, annular. Filaments slender, pilose below. Style linear, glabrous. 
 Fruit glabrous, stipitate, compressed, 4 in. 
 
 Var. a. bijuga, leaflets 4-2 glabrescent dusky. — Wall. Cat. 8094. 
 
 Var. /3. apjculata, leaflets 6-8 shortly pubescent beneath tawny apiculate. 
 
 ** Calyx 6-cleft. Lateral veins of leaflets rather straight, subparallel. 
 
 5. C. adenopliylla, Planch, mss. in Hh. Kew. ; rachis of leaves not 
 winged leaflets 4-6 opposite ovate-oblong gradually acuminate thinly 
 coriaceous glabrous or sparingly pubescent shining base obtusely wedge- 
 shaped lateral veins 9-12 subparallel clearly but not stoutly marked 
 beneath usually with small glands in the axils beneath, flowers tetramerous 
 or pentamerous, calyx cleft subvalvate, petals with 2 obovate (or 1 bilobed) 
 shaggy scales at base, filaments exserted pubescent, fruit obcordate or 
 deeply bilobed glabrate. Sapindus adenophyllus, Wall. Cat. 8044. 
 
 Tenasserim, at Mergui and Moulmein, Wallich, &c. Malacca, Griffith. 
 
 A shrub of 10-12 ft. Young parts and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves 
 8-13 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 1^-2| in. ; petiolules J-| in. hiflorescence 3-6 in. Floicers 
 ^ in. wide. Anthers somewhat hairy. Style equalling the ovary. Fruit ^-§ in., very 
 shortly stipitate ; one lobe sometimes abortive. 
 
 Sect. II. Fruit pyriform, 3-4 -sided, not lobed. 
 * Petals squamate at base, exceeding the calyx, 
 
 6. C. acuta, Hiern ; rachis of leaves not winged, leaflets 11-15 alter- 
 nate or subopposite lanceolate acuminate acute glabrous shining patent 
 shortly petioluled, flowers tawny-pubescent pentamerous, petals exceeding 
 the calyx glabrous furnished at the base with a nearly equal densely ciliated 
 bipartite scale, partitions obovate diverging, stamens 8, filaments hairy 
 exserted subulate below, fruit more or less pubescent tawny pyriform 3-4- 
 sided shortly stipitate. Sapindacea, Wall. Cat. 9036. 
 
678 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Cupania. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich. Malacca, Maivgay. 
 
 Young parts aud inflorescence tawny-pubescent. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 2^-4^ 
 by §-1^ in. ; petiolules ^-^ in., dark. Infiorescence about as long^ as the leaves. Calyx 
 about ^ in. wide, subvalvate. Disk fleshy, glabrous, covered with whitish inlloresceiice. 
 Ovary conical, tomentose, not lobed. Fruit 14-2 by f-l^ in., somewhat fleshy, 3-4- 
 valved, the junctions of the valves marked by slightly elevated grooved keels which 
 unite at the apex of the fruit to form a short aplculus. 
 
 7. C. Jacklana, Hiern ; shining, leaflets 6 or 8 opposite or subopposite 
 elliptic shortly and obtusely acuminate base obtuse or somewhat cuneate 
 shortly petiolate, fruiting panicles shorter than tlie leaves, fruit not lobed 
 obovoid-oblong 2- or by abortion 1-celled mucronate-cuspidate base 
 attenuate and shortly stipitate often compressed mostly 1 -seeded. Con- 
 narus? Jackianus, Wall. Cat. 8652. 
 
 Car Nicobar Island, Jack. 
 
 Leafy, young parts tawny-puberulent, soon glabrescent. Upper leaves 6-12 in. ; 
 leaflets 3-6 by 1^-2^ in. ; lateral veins 8-10 on each side, not opposite. Panicles near 
 the extremities of the branches; fruiting pedicels ^-^ in. Fruit 1^ by f in., glabrous ; 
 valves 2, tomentose inside ; dissepiment often partly obliterated. Seed ellipsoidal, 
 f by i in., occupying the upper part of the cell ; base aiillate. 
 
 8. C. pentapdtala, W. d' A. Prodr. 113; rachis of leaves not winged 
 leaflets 4-8 subopposite or alternate ovate or oblong subacuminate coriaceous 
 glabrous shining base obtuse lateral veins somewhat arcliing not robust, 
 flowers pentamerous pubescent in racemes arranged in crowded jiauicles, 
 calyx cleft subvalvate, petals small with two small glabrous incurved scales 
 at base, filaments exserted pubescent, ovary pubescent 3-celled, style very 
 short, stigma of three recurved lobes, seeds arillate. Schleichera penta- 
 petala, Hoxb. llort. Beng. 29 ; FL I mi ii. 275. C. pentaphylla, Wigid Ic. 
 t. 402. C. lloxburghii, Wight Ic. text, n. 402. 
 
 SiLHET, Roxburgh, 1811, in Hb. Mus. Brit. 
 
 A pretty large tree. Leabes 6-12 in. ; leaflets 4-8 by 1^-2| in. ; petiolule ^-^ in. 
 Injiorescence about 7 in. Flowers | in. wide, dull yellowish green. iStamens 7-8; 
 anthers glabrous. Disk pubescent. Capsule stipitate, 3-valved, § in. diam., pyriform, 
 not lobed. 
 
 / 
 
 ** Petals wanting or small and esquamate. 
 
 9. Qk Ziessertlana, Camh. in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii. 46, t. 3 ; leaflets 
 2-6 uAililly 4 ovate not or obtusely acuminate delicately reticulated base 
 rounded or shortly narrowed, petiolules short, calyx-lobes*5 valvate, petals 0, 
 disk broad glabrous or nearly so 5-crenate, stamens 8 exserted glabrous, 
 capsule globose-pyriform 3-sided glabrous stipitate. Hassk. PL Jav. Rar. 
 285. Ratonia Lessertiana, Benth. d; Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 400. C. Mischo- 
 carpus, Steud. Nf/mend. Bot. ed. 2, i. 454, Mischocarpus sundaicus, Blume 
 Bijdr. 238; Rumpli. iii. 167. Molinsea? (s??.) Wall. Cat. 8092. Schleichera 
 trijuga, Moritzi ^i/st. Verz. ZoU. 22, ex Hassk. PI. Jav. Rar. 2,^b {not of 
 Willdeiiow). 
 
 Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith. South Andaman Islds., Kurz. Malacca, Main- 
 gay. — DiSTRiB. Malay Archipelago. 
 
 A tree of moderate size, sometimes a shrub ; branches terete, glabrous, dark or red- 
 dish. ^ Leaves 4-12 in. ; rachis not winged ; leaflets opposite or alternate, 2-8 by 
 1-2| in., shining. Inflorescence 2-6 in.; pedicels ^ in., shortly pubescent. Calyx 
 scarcely t^V in. long by -^-^ in. wide, shortly pubescent. Filaments about J in. Fruit 
 i in. long, 1-seeded ; stipes ^ in. 
 
 10. C. sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. ii. 566 ; rachis of leaves not 
 winged somewhat trigonous above, leaflets 2-10 subalteruate or subopposite 
 
Cupania.] XLiv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 679 
 
 oblong or ovate-oblong slightly or scarcely acuminate glabrous thinly 
 coriaceous delicately reticulated lateral veins rarely conspicuous sometimes 
 with axillary glands, flowers pentamerous rarely tetramerous ?, calyx cleft, 
 petals small or wanting without scales, filaments exserted pubescent. 
 Mischocarpus sumatranus, Blume Rumph. iii. 168. Sapindacea, Wall. Cat. 
 9035, 8108. C. sp. 4, Herh. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. 
 
 SiLHET, Gomez, H.f. & T. Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Griffith. — Distrib, Sumatra. 
 
 A tree of 30-40 ft. or loftier, branched high up. Branches as well as the rachis of 
 the leaves reddish. Leaves 8-24 in. ; leaflets 3^-11 by l|-3 in.; petiolules ^-^ in. 
 Inflorescence 6-12 in. ; flowers whitish ^ in. wide. Petals when present minute or not 
 exceeding the caljx, narrow, somewhat pubescent. Capsule |-|- m., pyriform, marked 
 with'3-4 ribs, constricted at base into a thick trigonous stipes, apiculate, glabrate, red 
 {Blume, I.e.). — A specimen from Pegu (Kurz) in Hb. Kew., consisting of a leaf 33 in. 
 with 10 leaflets 15-18 by about 3 in., has been named Batonia sumatrana by Kurz 
 in Hb. Kew, 
 
 11. C. Helferl, Hiern; leaflets 4 alternate elliptic-oblong subacurainate 
 glabrous delicately reticulated base obtuse, flowers pentamerous on short 
 patent racemes arranged in racemose pubescent subterminal panicles, calyx 
 cleft subvalvate, petals 0, filaments pubescent, ovary pyriibrm stipitate 
 pubescent not lobed. 
 
 Tenasserim, or Andaman Islds., Heifer. 
 
 Leaves about 1 ft. ; racbis terete ; leaflets 5-8 by 2^-2^ in. ; petiolules J-^ in. 
 Panicles exceeding the leaves. Calyx | in. diam. ; lobes ovate. Stamens 8. 
 
 EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 C. CANESCENS, Pers., is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites. 
 
 C. (sp.) 6, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T., is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites. 
 
 C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8067 A, is Nepheliiim Longana, Camh. 
 
 C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8067 B, is perhaps Aglaia edulis, A. Gr. 
 
 C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8069, is Chisocheton paniculatus, Hiern. 
 
 C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 9034, is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites. 
 
 9. XiUFISANTKES, Blume. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate, alternate; leaflets entire, 
 subopposite. Inflorescence axillary and lateral, spike-like. Flowers regular, 
 polygamo-dioecious. Sepals 5-4 widely imbricated in two rows. Petals 
 6-4, equal, furnished at the base with a short wide inflected entire scale. 
 Disk annular, regular. Stamens 8, erect, inserted within the disk. Ovary 
 sessile, 3-sided, 3-celled ; ovules solitary ; style simple : stigma blunt. 
 Fruit drupaceous, 3-celled, 3-sided, not lobed. Seeds solitary, erect, ex- 
 albuminous ; cotyledons very thick, unequal. — Distrib. Species few, all 
 except the following confined to the Indian Archipelago. 
 
 1. Xi. montana, Blume Bijdr, 238 ; Rumph. iii. 151 ; leaflets 8-10 sub- 
 opposite elliptic- or ovate-oblong subacuminate base very shortly petioluled 
 subcordate, racemes subfascicled axillary lateral simple or branched. 
 
 BiRMA ; hills between Sitang and Beeling, Brandis. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A tree with dark smooth bark. Leaves 1^-2 ft., paripinnate ; leaflets 5-10 by 2-3 in., 
 glabrous above, glabrate or pubescent beneath along the midrib. Inflorescence 2-10 in., 
 shortly pubescent. Calyx ^ in. ; petals rather longer, long-clawed. Fruit hairy. — 
 A fruiting panicle from Tegu, atout 18 in. long, without leaves in the Hb. Kew, named 
 by Kurz L. montana, Bl., has fruits nearly 1 in. long. 
 
68b XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Lepisanthes, 
 
 2. Xi. cuneata, Iliem ; leaflets 6-8 opposite or subopposite elliptic- 
 oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous base cuiieate, racemes 
 short supra-axillary, flowers, very small obsoletely tomentose. 
 
 Penang, Porter. 
 
 Nearly glabrous in all parts. Branches smooth. Leaven 12-18 in. ; leaflets 3-8 by 
 lJ-2^ in, ; petiolules 5-^ in. Inflorescence 1-1^ in.; tlowers y^ i^- 5 bracts subulate, 
 Bmall. Petals 5, glabrous, with a minute scale at base. 
 
 3. Xi. Browniana, Hiem ; leaflets 6-11 alternate or sometimes oppo- 
 site elliptic-oblong much acuminate glabrous base cuneate petioluled, 
 racemes short dense axillary puberulent, flowers of moderate size. Siipin- 
 dacea?, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 7497, ami in Misc. Bot. ii 637. 
 
 Mabtaban ; Tavoy and Keloben, W. Gomez. 
 
 A small tree with smooth terete branches tinged with red. Leaves 14-24 ft-, tending 
 to develope further leaflets at the apex; petiole 6-12 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 14-2^ in. ; 
 petiolules somewhat thickened at the base, ranging up to 4 in. Inflorescence 1-2 in.; 
 pedicels about \ in. Flowers J in. Sepals concave, glabrous inside, thickened at the 
 base, the 2 outer short, the inner \ in. Petals obovate, pubescent at die claw outside, 
 with 2 glabrous scales inside. Disk glabrous. Stamens 8, ^jn. ; filaments hairy. 
 Ovary obsolete from the male flowers. 
 
 10. OTOPKORA, Blume. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, pinnate ; leaflets entire (the lowest 
 pair stipuliform). I u florescence axillary and terminal Flowers regular, 
 polygamous. Sepals rarely 4, concave, widely imbricated. Petals 5, rarely 4 
 small, somewhat squamate at base by inflexion of the subauriculate base. 
 pisk complete, annular, crenulate or entire. Stamens b-9, rarely fewer, 
 inserted within the disk ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong, included. 
 Oyary 3-4-sided, 3-4-celled ; ovules solitary, ascending; stigma subsessile, 
 obtuse, obsoletely 3-4-rayed. F'riiit baccate, not lobed, indehiscent, 3-4- 
 or by abortion 2-1-celled; seeds arillate; embryo straight; cotyledons 
 thick.— DisTRLB. Species about 8 confined to the Malay Peninsula and 
 Archipelago. 
 
 0. fruticosa, .BZwrne (=Sapindn8 fruticosus, Roxh. ; Wall. Cat. 8043; Allophylus 
 pinnatus, Roxh. Ic. i. 1407), has been introduced into India from the Moluccas. 
 
 1. O. paucijug'a, Hiem; leaflets 2 or 4 opposite narrowly elliptic 
 obtusely acuminate shining base cuueate, panicles racemose lax elongated, 
 sepals 4-5 minutely ciliate, petals 4-3 scarcely bisquamate at base, stamens 
 6-7, disk glabrous, ovary glabrous. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves 4-10 in. ; petioles 1-24 in., base thickened and probably bearing caducous 
 Btipular leaflets; leaflets 8-6 by 1-2 in. ; petiolules J-^ in. Racemes J-l ft. ; pedicels 
 about equalling the flowers. 
 
 2. O. erythrocalyx, Hiem ; glabrous, leaflets 14-19 opposite or 
 alternate elliptic or oblong shining firmly coriaceous shortly acuminate, 
 base more or less narrowed, lowest pair stipuliform smaller, panicles 
 elongated much branched nearly equalling the leaves, pedicels slender, 
 petals 5 shortly ciliate very shortly squamate at base, stamens 8, filaments 
 fleshy hairy, anthers somewhat hairy pointed, disk glabrous, ovary 3-sided 
 3-celled glabrous. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 30-45 in. ; petioles thickened at base ; leaflets ranging up to 
 9 by 3 in. ; petiolule 4 in. Flowers ^-^ in. Sepals blocd-red. Petals pale-rose, ap- 
 
Otophora.] XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. p. Hiern.) 681 
 
 pressed. Stigma sessile broadly trisulcate. Fruit whitish, glabrous, subglobose, tri- 
 gonous, 3-celled, I4 in. diam. Seeds arillate. 
 
 11. SCKXiEZCKBRA, Willd. 
 
 Trees. Zeaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate; leaflets opposite (or alternate) 
 quite entire, repand-wavy or slightly serrate, with subparallel lateral veins 
 and delicate inconspicuous reticulation. Panicles or racemes simple, 
 elongated. Flowers small, fascicled, regular, polygamo-dioecious. Calyx 
 4-6-tid, small, cup-shaped ; lobes valvate or obscurely imbricated. Petals 
 absent. Disk complete, glabrous, wavy. Stamens 5-8, exserted, inserted 
 within the disk ; filaments more or less pubescent ; anthers small, glabrous. 
 Ovary ovoid, 3-4-celled, narrowed into a rigid style ; stigma 3-4-cleft. 
 Ovules solitary, erect. Fruit dry crustaceo- coriaceous, indehiscent, 1-3- 
 celled. Seeds erect, enveloped in a fleshy aril ; embryo conduplicate, with 
 unequal connate cotyledons. — Disthib. A small genus of India, the Indian 
 Archipelago, and the Philippine Islands. 
 
 Beddome, in his Flora Sylvatica Anal. Gen. p. Ixxii., speaks of a new tree found by 
 him on the Golcondah hills, Vizagapatam district, which (he says) will probably turn 
 out to be a species of Schleichera; it is a middle-sized tree, all the young parts and 
 the inflorescence pubescent-toraentose, leaves alternate abruptly or unequally pinnate, 
 8-10 inches long, leaflets 2-3 pair with or without a terminal odd one, ovate or oblong 
 with a longish acumination subentire or distantly and rather inconspicuously serrate, 
 quite glabrous in age except the costa, 3-4 inches long by 1-1^ broad, petiolules ^-^ in. 
 long, racemes axillary panicled. The flower-buds on the specimen in the Kew Her- 
 barium are so young that their structure cannot be determined ; indeed the Natural 
 Order to which the plant ought to be referred is uncertain. It is diflerent from any 
 known Indian species of Sapindacece. 
 
 1. S. trijusra, Willd. Sp. PL iv. 1096 ; leaflets 4-8 opposite elliptic or 
 elliptic-oblong obtuse or shortly acuminate entire at length coriaceous 
 glabrescent or subvelutinous flat base rounded or obtuse sessile or sub- 
 sessile, fruit ellipsoidal glabrous apiculate smooth or spinous. Grah. Cat, 
 Bomb. PI. 29 ; Dak. <& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35 ; Thwaites Enum. 58 ; Bedd. Fl. 
 Sylv. t. 119; Braiidis FL. Sylv. 105, t. 20; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 277 ; Roth. 
 Nov. Sp. 385; W. <& A. Frodr. 114, not of M&ritzi. S. pubescens, 
 Roth. I.e. Melicocca trijuga, Juss. in Mem. Miis. Par. iii. 187, t. 8 ; 
 DC. Prodr. i. 615; Wall. Cat. 8080. Scytalia trijuga, Roxb. ex DC. I.e. 
 Stadmannia trijuga, Spreng. Syst. ii. 842, St. pubescens, Spreng. I.e. 
 Cussambium spinosum, HamUt. in Tram. JPerner. Soc. v. 356. C. gla- 
 brum, Hamilt. I.e. C. pubescens, Hamilt. I.e. 357. Conghas zeylonensis, 
 Hb. Madr. ex Wall. I.e. M. pubescens, DC. I.e. — Rumph. Herb. Amboin. i 
 t. 57; Wall. Cat. 8106. 
 
 Dry forests, from the N.W. Himalaya at Sirmor; throughout Central and 
 Southern India, Birma, and Ceylon. — Distrib. Java, Timor. 
 
 A large tree, leafing and flowering early in the spring. Leaves paripinnate, 8-16 
 in. ; leaflets 1-10 by §-4^ in. ; the lowest pairs the smallest. . Racemes axillary, often 
 several on short branchlets, 2-4 in. Floioers yellowish or green. Fruit f-1 in. long. 
 — The pulpy subacid aril is edible ; the bark is astringent, and, according to Dr. Kox- 
 burgh, the natives rub it up with oil and use it to cure the itch. The timber is good. 
 
 EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
 
 S. PENTAPETALA, Hoxh., IS Cupania pentapetala, W. <& A. 
 
 S. TEijuoA, Moritzi {not of- Willd.), is Cupania Lessertiana, Camh. 
 
682 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Glennieaf 
 
 12. GZiENNZSA, Hook. f. 
 
 A large glabrous much branched leafy tree. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, 
 1-2-jugate ; leaflets opposite, entire or wavy-repand, coriaceous. Flowers 
 in spicate racemes forming a terminal panicle, regular, polygamous. Calyx 
 5-lobed, valvate. Petcds minute, broader than long, shortly clawed, concave, 
 hairy. Stamens 8; filaments short, subulate; anthers short. Disk com- 
 plete, wide, fleshy, glabrous, and lobed. Ovary 3-sided, ovoid, contracted 
 at the base, puberulent, 3-celled, narrowed into a very short style ; stigma 
 shortly B-lobed. Ovules solitary. Fniit denresso-globose, indehiscent, 
 fleshy, obscurely lobed. Se^ds subglobose, exalbuminous, exarillate. 
 
 1. O. izeylanlca, Hook. /. in Benth. d- Hook. Gen. PL i. 404 {ex 
 Thwaites Enum. 408) ; leaflets elliptic or 'oblong shining both ends obtuse, 
 inflorescence shortly pubescent. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 153. 
 
 Ceylon, ascending to 3-4000 ft. 
 
 Leaves 4-7 in. ; leaflets 1^-5 by f-2i in. ; petiolnles tumid, ^-\ in. Calyx \ in, diara. ; 
 lobes ovate, subacute. Fruit jj-l^ in. diani. — Dr. 'ibwaites I.e. gives two varieties: — 
 
 Var. 1, leaflets 2. Sapindns unijuga, 'Thiraites, I.e. 56. 
 
 Var. 2, leaflets 2-4. Nephelium fuscatum, Thwaites, I.e. 58 ; Euphoria fuscata, 
 Benth. & Hook,f. Oen. PL i. 40G. S. Gleniei, Thwaites, I.e. 408. 
 
 13. SAPXNDUS, Plum. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or subverticillate (and then simple), 
 exstipulate, usually paripinnate ; leaflets coriaceous, commonly entire. 
 Inflorescence terminal or axillary. Flowers polygamous, regular. Sejxxls 4-5 
 widely imbricated in 2 rows. Petals 4-5, with or without scales. Hisk com- 
 plete, annular, fleshy. Stamens usually 8-10, inserted within the disk ; fila- 
 ments usually pilose ; anthers versatile. Ovary entire or 2-4-lobed, 2-4-celled. 
 Style terminal ; stigma 2-4-lobed. Ovules solitary. Fruit fleshy or coria- 
 ceou.s, 1-2-coccous; cocci oblong or globose, indehiscent. Seeds with a 
 crustaceous or membranous testa • cotyledons thick ; radicle short. — Dis- 
 TRiB. A rather large genus inhabiting the tropical regions of the whole 
 world. 
 
 * Ovary hairy. 
 
 1. S. trifoliatus, Linn. Sp. PL ed. i. 367 ', leaves (normally) abruptly 
 pinnate leaflets 6-4 elliptic or oblong acuminate or emarginate glabrous or 
 especially beneath pubescent with short curved or stellate hairs base 
 obtuse, inflorescence terminal panicled pubescent, scale of the petals mem- 
 branous pilose-ciliate, ovary 3-lobed ferruginous-tomentose. S. laurifolia, 
 Vahl Symh. iii. 64 ; Dalz. dh Gibs. Bomb. FL 34 ; Poxb. FL Ind. ii. 278 ; 
 W. <i' A. Prodr. Ill ; Grak Gat. Bomb. PL 29; Bedil. FL Sylv. AnaL Gen. 
 Ixxiii. ; Brand. For. FL 106 ; WalL CaL 8038 {not of Balb. Ho.). S. acutus, 
 Poxb. ex W. d' A. I.e. ; Ic. t. 1965; not of WalL Cat. 8096. S. emargiuata, 
 V^ahl I.e. ; Roxh. I.e. 279 ; W. d A. I.e. ; Grak. Cat Bomb. PL 29 ; Bedd. FL 
 Sylv. t. 154; Brand. I.e. 107; Wight ILL. t. 51 ; WdL Cat 8039; Dalz, & 
 Gibs. Bomb. FL 35. S. abstergens, Roxb. Ic. t. 1225.— Pheede H&i^L Mai. iv. 
 43, t. 19. 
 
 Common about villages in South India ; cultivated in Bengal, where it is a doubtful 
 native. 
 
 A handsome tree. Leaves 5-12 in. ; leaflets 1^-8 by 1-4 in.; petiolules short. 
 Flowers ^-^ in. long, white, hairy. JSej)al3 5, elliptic, obtuse. Petals 4-5, narrower 
 
 fl^^. 
 
Sapindus.] xliv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 683 
 
 and rather longer than the sepals ; " scale fringed with a dense mass of long white 
 hairs, more or less attached to the claw and inner surface of the petal, probably free 
 when quite young, sometimes attached along the middle line only and free at the sides, 
 in which case it happens that the two edges of the scale separate from the middle part 
 and appear as lateral appendages " {Br. Brandis, I.e.). Stamens 8 ; anthers apiculate. 
 Disk concave, with a raised fleshy hirsute edge. Fruit fleshy, 2-3-lobed, ^-\ in. long, 
 at length glaucescent, saponaceous. — There are two forms of this tree, usually regarded 
 as distinct species, and corresponding to Vahl's names ; one with acuminate glabrous 
 leaves, the other with emarginate leaves pubescent beneath. The wood is used for 
 making combs and other small articles. 
 
 2. S. erectus, Hiern; leaves abruptly pinnate leaflets 6-10 snboppo- 
 site narrowly elliptic acuminate entire glabrous thin base more or less 
 narrowed, panicles terminal shorter than the leaves, flowers pentamerous, 
 petals with an erect bifid or entire shaggy scale, ovary hairy, lobes of fruit 
 ellipsoidal nearly glabrate. Nephelium erectum, Thwaites Enum. 57. 
 
 Ceylon ; in the southern provinces, alt. 3000 ft. 
 
 An erect shrub, not or spai-ingly branched, 6-10 ft. high. Leaves pallid, 1-2 ft.* 
 leaflets 4-10 by 1|-3J in. ; petiolules |-i in. Flowers ^ by | in. Calyx shortly and 
 appressedly pubescent outside ; sepals rounded. Petals shortly exceeding the 
 calyx, oblong-obovate, ciliated at the claw, glabrous and rounded above, involute at the 
 margin ; scale glabrous at the back, inserted at the top of the claw, falling rather short 
 of the petals. Disk glabrous, fleshy. Staviens 8 ; filaments rather shorter than the 
 petals, pubescent above ; anthers glabrous. Style very short ; stigma minute, 3-lobed. 
 Fruit fleshy, yellow, about 1 in. long. Aril fleshy. 
 
 3. S. Thwaltesii, Hiern ; leaves simple obovate-oblong narrowly 
 acuminate entire glabrous pallid base attenuate, racemes terminal short 
 simple or slightly branched obsoletely tomentose, sepals 5, rounded, petals 5, 
 obovate obtuse upper half patent each furnished at base with an oblong 
 hairy scale more than half the length of the petals, disk glabrous 5-cornered, 
 filaments slender somewhat hairy above shorter than the petals, anthers 
 small, ovary hairy 3-lobed. Nephelium simplicifolium, Thwaites Enum. 57, 
 
 Ceylon; south of the Island, at no great elevation, rare. 
 
 An erect shrub, 6-10 ft. high, sparingly branched. Leaves 8-12 by 2^-4 in. ; pe- 
 tioles 4-2 in. Racemes 2-4 in. Flowers pentamerous, \-^ in. Fetals exceeding the 
 calyx, not clawed. Stamens 8. 
 
 ** Ovary glabrous, 
 t Anthers sliort. 
 
 4. S. Blukorossl, Gcerin. Fruct. i. 342, t. 70, f. 3, g, h; leaves pinnate 
 leaflets 10-16 rarely fewer lanceolate-oblong alternate or subopposite 
 acuminate or obtuse glabrous closely not conspicuously veined base oblique 
 obtuse, inflorescence terminal and lateral panicled obsoletely tomentose, 
 petals 5 each with a woolly scale on each side at the top of the claw, ovary 
 3-cornered glabrous. ? S. abruptus, Lour. Fl. Coch. 238. 
 
 Cultivated throughout N.W. India and Bengal. Komaon. Silhet. Assam. — 
 DiSTRiB. China, Benin Islands, Japan. 
 
 A handsome tree. Shoots, &c., obsoletely tomentose. Leaves 6-18 in., crowded 
 near the ends of the branches ; leaflets approximated, 2-6 by f-2^ in., shortly petioluled. 
 Flowers -yu in., white or purple, ciliated. Stamens 8-10 ; anthers small, exserted, 
 obtuse. Disk glabrous, flat, with 5 elevated radiated lines. Fruit fleshy, subglobose, 
 somewhat glaucescent, saponaceous, | in. diam., yellow. — There are two forms of this 
 tree ; one with obtuse or shortly and suddenly acuminate leaflets (S. detergens, Roxh. 
 Hort. Beng. 29; Fl. Ind. ii. 280; not of Wall Cat. 8042 ; nor S. fuscatus, -H6. -Ham. 
 
684 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Sapindtis. 
 
 ex Wall. I.e.) ; the other with more lanceolate acuminate leaflets (S, acuminata, Wall. 
 Cat. 8035; lioi/le lU. 139), sometimes, as stated by Dr. Koyle, with the rachis of the 
 leaves very narrowly bordered. 
 
 ft Anthers oblong, 
 
 6. S. attenuatus, WcM. Cat. 8037; leaves pinnate or rarely unifoliolate 
 leaflets usually 8-10 ovate lanceolate elliptic or oblong acuminate glabrous 
 base rounded or cuneate, inflorescence terminal and axillary puberulent or 
 nearly glabrous, petals 4-5 imbricated about equjilling the sepals, scale 
 present or obsolete, ovary glabrous. Scytalia rubra, lioxh.Hort. Bencj. 29; 
 Fl. Ind. ii. 272. Nephelium rubrum, G. Don Gen. ^Sijst. i. tj7l ; Wight Ic. tt. 
 24, 25. Euphoria verticillata, WalL Cat. 8052 D, E, ?iot A, B, C. E. rubra, 
 RoyleRl. 138. E. attenuata, Planch, mss. in Herb. Ind. Or. II, f. <k T. Sa- 
 l)indacea, Griff, ^otul. iv. 551 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 599, f. 2; Itin. Notes 112, 
 n. 163. 
 
 Assam, Silhet and the Mishmi Hills, Wallich, Griffith, &c.; Sikkim Himalaya, 
 J.D.H.; Cachar Keenan; Bhotan, Griffith. 
 
 A shrub or tree of moderate size. Leaves 4-3 ft. ; always attenuate at base when 
 unifoliolate; leaflets alternate or opposite, 2-18 by |-1§ in. Floicera y\-^ in., nearly 
 glabrous, red; bud greenish. Stamens 6-8, not exserted ; anthers yellow, oblong; 
 filaments short or 0. Ovary bilobed. Fruit 1-2-lobed, ellipsoidal, size of an olive, 
 red or dark purple ; aril eaten. — There is a scandent state of this plant. 
 
 6. S. Z>anura, Voir/t Ilort. Sub. Calc. 94 ; leaves simple alternate or at 
 the extremities subverticillate obovate elliptic or oblong narrowed or 
 sliortly acuminate at apex glabnjus gradually narrowed towards a rounded 
 very shortly petioled bivse veins slender close not conspicuous, panicles 
 terminal puberulent composed of rather remote diverging compound rami- 
 fications, petals 5 each with a very short woollv incurved scale at base, ovary 
 glabrous 2-3-lobed. Scytalia Danura, lio.r,h. Ilort. Ben<j. 29 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 274. 
 Sc. verticillata, lioxb. Ilort. Bemj. 29 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 273. Euphoria verticil- 
 lata, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1059 ; 'Wall. Cat. 8052 letters A, B, C, not D, E. 
 Dimocarpus verticillata, lib. lioxb. ex Wall. I.e. A. Nephelium verticillatum, 
 G. Don Gen. Syst. i. ()70. E. Danura, Wall. Cat. 8051. Didymococcus 
 Danura, Blume Humph, iii. 103. D. verticillatus, Bluine I.e. 
 
 North West India, Ronnx-UND, Assam, Silhet, Birma, CHirrAaoNO, and Te- 
 
 NASSERIM. 
 
 An evergreen shrub or small tree 6-10 ft. high. Ijeaves 4-12 by 1-5^ in. ; petioles 
 -XT-\ in- Flowers |-| in., pale yellow tinged with pink. Stamens 6-8 ; anthers oblong 
 obtuse ; filaments short. Disk glabrous. Fruit 3-l-coccou8, shortly stipitate, ellip- 
 soidal, ^-4 in. long, pulpy when ripe, orange -coloured. 
 
 7. S. bifollolatus, Hiem ; leaves bifoliolate leaflets opposite elliptic- 
 oblong glabrous closely and inconspicuously veined both ends obtuse, 
 panicles terminal and axillary puberulent equalling or exceeding the leaves, 
 petals 5 each with a small rounded ciliate scale at the base, ovary glabrous 
 bilobed. Meplielium bifoliolatum, Thwaites Fnum. 57; Bedd. Ic. PL hid. 
 Or. t. 289. 
 
 Ceylon ; lower Badulu road from Kandy. Madras ; Kolay Mallay Hills, Beddome. 
 
 A much-branched tree, 20-30 ft. high. Leaves 24-74 in. ; leaflets 2-54 ^7 !-'§ '"• i 
 petiolules ^-^ in. Flowers J in. Sepals rounded, glabrous, shortly ciliated, connate 
 at base. Petals rather exceeding the sepals, glabrous, ciliated. Dvsk fleshy, glabrous. 
 Stamens usually 7, short ; anthers ovate-oblong. Youtig fruit bilobed. — .'\n allied new 
 species from Siam, collected by Sir K. Schomburgk, diliers by shorter petioles and less 
 branched inflorescence. 
 
] XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) 685 
 
 DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES OF 8APINDUS. 
 
 S. ACUTUS, Wall. Cat. 8096, not of Roxh., is a species of Engelhardtia. 
 
 S. ADENOPHYLLUS, Wall., is Cupaiiia adenophylla, Planch. 
 
 S. ALTERNiFOLius, Herh. Ham., is Erioglossuni edule, Blume. 
 
 S. ANGUSTiFOLius, Wall, ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Cole. 94, not of Blumei ^0°* Khasia, is 
 unknown to me. 
 
 S BENGHALENsis, Boxb., is Nephelium Longana, Camb. 
 
 S. BiJUGUS, Wall., is Heraigyrosa canescens, Thwaites. 
 
 S. DEFiciENS, W. & A., is Hemigyrosa deficiens, Bedd. 
 
 S. DETERGENs, Wall., not of Boxb., is Dittelasma Karak, Hooh.f. 
 
 S. EDULis, Ait., is Nephelium Lit-chi, Camb. 
 
 S. EDULIS, Blume, is Erioglossum edule, Blume. 
 
 S. FRAxiNiFOLius, DC, IS Erioglossum edule, Blume. 
 
 S. FRUTicosuH, Boxb., is Otophora IVuticosa, Blume. 
 
 S. FUSCATUS, Herb. Ham., is Dittelasma Rarak, HooTc.f. 
 
 S. GLABRATUs, Woll., Is Xerospcrmum Noronliianura, Blume. 
 
 S. GiiENiEi, Thwaites, is Glenneia zeylanica, Hooh.f. 
 
 S, iNDicA, Poir. in Lamk. Diet. vi. 6G7, from "the Indies," cultivated in the Paris 
 Garden, is very little known ; it has virgate glabrous branches and simple or subtri- 
 foliolate linear-lanceolate glabrous reticulated leaves 6-8 by 4-S in. decurrent on the 
 petiole ; the flower and fruit are unknown. 
 
 S. LEPID0TU8, Wall., is Aglaia Wallichii, Hiem. 
 
 S, LONGi FOLIA, Vahl Symb. iii. 53, a doubtful native of East India, is said by Rox- 
 burgh, Fl. Ind. ii. 282, to be a native of the Moluccas. 
 
 S, LONGiFOLius, Herb. Ham., is Erioglossum edule, Blume. 
 
 S. MiCROCARPUS, W. & A. Prodr. 112, is Meliosma Arnottiana, Bedd. 
 
 S. MOLLIS, Blume Rumphla iii. 98 (Dimocarpus Litchi, Herb. Heyne ex Blume I.e.) 
 may be S. trifoliatus, Linn. (S. laurifolia, Vahl). 
 
 S MONOGYNA, Herb. Heyne, is Nephelium Longana, Camb. 
 
 S. MULTiJUGUS, Wall., may be Chisocheton paniculatus, Hiem. 
 
 S. OBOVATUS, W. <& A. Prodr. Ill (Blighia sapiila, C. Kon., the " Akee,"), is Cupania 
 edulis, Schum. & Thonn; it is cultivated in India, having been introduced from 
 Guinea. 
 
 S. PiNNATUS, MUl., is probably Dittelasma Rarak, Book. f. 
 
 S. PINNATU3, Boxb., is Erioglossum edule, Blume. 
 
 S. POLYPHYLLDS, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 29 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cole. 94, with gla- 
 brous pallid leaves 1^ ft. bearing 14-16 subopposite or alternate obliquely oblong entire 
 or repand leaflets 3-6 by l-l.^ in., and with small greenish- white flowers, is very im- 
 perfectly known ; it was introduced into the Calcutta Garden from Pegu (Cfr. S. Muko- 
 rossi, Gcertn.). 
 
 S. Rarak, DC, is Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f. 
 
 S. RUBiQiNOSA, Boxb., is Erioglossum edule, Blume. 
 
 S. Saponaria, Herb. Linn., not of Linn. Sp. PL, is Erioglossum edule, Blume. 
 
 S. Saponaria, Lour., is Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f. 
 
 S. SQUAMOSUS, Boxb., is Cupania glabrata, Kurz. 
 
 S. TETRAPHYLLA, Vahl, is Hcmigyrosa canescens, Thwaites. 
 
 S. TRAVANCORENSis, Wall., is Canarium commune, Linn. 
 
 S. UNDULATU8, Wall, ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 94, is probably Nephelium Longana, 
 Camb. 
 
 S. UNiJUGUS, Thwaites, is Glenniea zeylanica, Hook.f. 
 
686 xnv. SAPINDACEJE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Xerosperrnutn^ 
 
 14. XEROSPBRMUM, Blume. 
 
 A tree. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets opposite, 
 entire. Hacemes axillary and terminal. Flowers regular, polygarao- 
 dioecious. Sepals 4-5, imbricated in 2 rows. Petals 4-5, equal, spathulate, 
 shorter or but little longer than the sepals, hairy at the margin, without 
 scales. Stamens 8-7, included, inserted within the annular glabrous disk ; 
 filaments filiform, pubescent ; anthers small, glabrous. Ova??/ sessile, didy- 
 mous, muricated, 2-celled ; ovules solitary, ascending. Sti/le short, thick ; 
 stigma thick, hairy. F7'uit 1-2-lobed ; i)art3 ellipsoidal, diverging, muri- 
 cated with pyramidal tubercles, indehiscent, glabrous inside. Seeds exaril- 
 late ; testa coriaceous outside, fleshy, pilose, simulating an aril ; embryo 
 curved; cotyledons very large, thickly fleshy, superposed. — Disteib. A 
 monotypic genus. 
 
 1. X. Moronhianuzn, Blrnne Riimjth. iii. 100 ; leaflets 2-5 rarely 
 only i elliptic lanceolate or oblong more or less acuminate glabrous closely 
 reticulated base obtuse or cuneate, racemes short simple or branched sub- 
 fascicled. Euphoria Nonmhiana, Blaine Biklr. 234 {as to the fruit). E. 
 xerocarpa, Blume Bijdr, 234. Nephelium iNoronhianum, Camb. in Mem. 
 Mu8. Par. xviii. 30. N. xerocarpum, Camb. i.e. Siipindus glabratus, Wall. 
 Cat. 8095. Euphoria (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8054.— Wall. Cat. 8083, 8084. 
 
 SiLHET, WnUlch; Khasia Mts. and TENAStiEKiM, Griffith. Malacca, Singapore and 
 Penang, Griffith, &c. — Distrib. Java. 
 
 A tree, 30-45 or more feet high, with terete puberulent shoots. Leaves 7-13 in. ; 
 leaflets 34-9 by \-3\ in. ; petiolules J-| in. llacemes 1-4 in. Flowers J in., greenish 
 or yellow. Finiit 1 in. or more long, yellow. — The Khasia and Silhet specimens ditfer 
 from the type by lanceolate and more acuminate leaflets. 
 
 15. NSFKBZ.IU»I, Linn. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate or rarely simple ; 
 leaflets entire or rarely dentate more or less glaucous beneath (the lowest 
 pair in one species simulating stipules), Iiiliwescence terminal and axillary. 
 Flowers regular, polygamous. Cahjx 4-8-l()bed usually cup-shaped, sub- 
 valvate or somewhat imbricated in bud. Petals small, without scales, as 
 many as or fewer in number than the calyx-lobes, or wanting. Stamens 
 6-10, inserted within the fleshy glabrous or pubescent disk ; filaments 
 usually pubescent. Ovary j)ubescent, 2-3-lobed, usually verrucose ; lobes 
 1 -celled, 1-ovuled. Style 2-3-lobed, erect. Fruit 1-3-coccous, indehiscent. 
 globose or oblong, echinate tubercled or smooth. Seeds globose, includea 
 in a pulpy aril.-^-DiSTRiB. A genus not separable from Euphoria (/w^s.), and 
 with it containing about 30 species, confined to India the Indian Archi- 
 pelago S. China and Australia; in the last country about 10 species occur. 
 
 Sect. I. Zcaves usually paripinnate; leaflets none stipuliform. 
 
 * Petals wanting. Calyx dentate w half-cleft. 
 
 1. N. mutabile, BluTne Pumj^h. iii. 104 ; leaflets 4-8 opposite or sub- 
 alternate oblong or oblong-elliptic obtusely acuminate entire thinly 
 coriaceous above glabrous shining beneath glaucous marked with somewhat 
 arching lateral veins puberulent-glandular base obtusely narrowed or rarely 
 rounded, racemes siniple or branched shortly pubescent, calyx cup-shaped 
 4-5-fid, petals 0, disk glabrous, stamens 7-8, fruit echinate-muricate 
 with strong rigid setse. Euphoria Longana, Blume Bijdr. 233 {not of 
 
]\repMium.] xliv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 687 
 
 Lamk.). N. Griffithianum, Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 303. 
 Sapindacea, Griff. Notul. iv. 550 ; Ic. PL Ind. Or. iv. t. 599, f. i. 
 
 AvA, at Bhamo, Griffith. Singapore, Anderson, Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — 
 DiSTRiB. Java, Borneo. 
 
 ^ Leaves 3-18 in. ; leaflets 2-7 by ^-2^ in. ; petlolules jV-? i"- Flowers ^^-J in. wide. 
 Stamens exserted ; filaments pubescent; anthers small, glabrous. Fruit 1-1^ in. 
 diara., red ; setas subulate, obtuse, glabrous or obsoletely tomentose, ^-| in. long. 
 
 Var. ? pallens ; leaflets pallid green and nearly glabrous on both sides base more 
 cuneate, inflorescence denser and more branched, filaments 6-8 slender longer, fruit un- 
 known. — Malacca, Maingay ; Teuasserim, Lohh. 
 
 2. N. lappaceuxn, Linn. Mant. i. 125; leaflets 2-12 opposite or 
 alternate elliptic obovate or oblon? usually obtuse quite entire glabrate 
 base obtusely narrowed, racemes loosely panicled axillary and terminal, 
 calyx 4-6-fid subvalvate, petals 0, ovary 2-3-dymous 2-celled densely 
 hirsute, fruit echinate-muricate. Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 272, t. 140, f. 1 ; 
 Blume Rumph. iii. 103; Lamk. HI. t. 764; Hassk. PI. Jav. Par. 287. 
 Euphoria Nephehum, DC. Prodr. i. 612 ; Wall. Cat. 8053 eaxl. part of B. 
 Scytalia Ramboutan, Boxh. Hart. Beng. 29; FL Lnd. ii. 271. Dimocarpus 
 crinita. Lour. Fl. Cochincli. 234. N. echinatum, Noronh. in Batav, 
 Genootsch. Verk. v. 80. 
 
 Singapore, Wallich, Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Malay Archipelago. 
 
 A lofty tree. Leaves 3-18 in. ; leaflets 2-9 by 1-4 in., shining and dark green above, 
 paler and marked with subparallel lateral veins beneath ; petiolules xV^i in. Branches 
 of the panicle spreading ; flowers fascicled, pubescent, ts— iV in. diam. Calyx cam- 
 panulate, at length patent. Stamevs 5-8, exserted ; filaments pubescent, especially 
 towards base. Style deeply 2-3-lobed ; lobes recurving. Fruit-lobes 4-2 in. long, red 
 yellowish orange or nearly black, setae subulate. Aril transparent, milky, fleshy, 
 edible. — Hasskarl gives 15 varieties of this cultivated tree, commonly called Bam' 
 boutan. 
 
 3. N". grlabruxn, Noronh. in Batav. Genootsch. Verh. v. 80 ; leaflets 2-10 
 opposite or alternate elliptic usually obtuse at both ends sometimes shortly 
 acuminate entire above glabrous and shining beneath glabrate or appres- 
 sedly pubescent paler, racemes panicled, calyx 5-6-lobed slightly imbri- 
 cated, petals 0, ovary deeply lobed, fruit tubercled. Reinwardt in Blume 
 Cat. Buiienz. Ill; Hassk. PI. Jav. Bar. 290. Euphoria glabra, Blume 
 Bijdr. 233. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Probably Malay Archipelago. 
 . A lofty tree. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 3-6 by l|-24 in., marked beneath with sub- 
 parallel lateral veins ; petiolules xV~5 i"- Branches of the panicles less patent than in 
 N. lappaceum; flowers pubescent, y\-tV ^"- diam., fascicled. Calyx campanulate at 
 length patent. Stamens 5-10, exserted; filaments pilose. Fruit globose or ellip- 
 soidal glabrous, 1 in. long or more, from dark red to straw-coloured. Aril sweet. — 
 Very like N. lappaceum, except the fruit. Hasskarl gives 3 forms of it. Blume in 
 Runiphia, iii. 103, treats this as a remarkable variety of AT. lappaceum, towards which, 
 he states, there is a transition. A form occurs, probably referable to this species, with 
 a 1-culled ovary and uoilateral style. 
 
 4. N. lait-chl, Camh. in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii. 30 ; leaflets 2-8 opposite or 
 alternate oblong-lanceolate or ovate acuminate above quite glabrous shining 
 beneath glaucous glabrous or very nearly so, lateral veins obsolete base 
 cuneate, panicle terminal, calyx 4-5-dentate, petals 0, disk glabrous, 
 stamens 6-10 at length exserted, fruit tubercled. Grah. Cat. Bomb, PI. 
 29 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL Suppl. 13 ; Wight Ic. t. 43 ; Blume Rumph, 
 iii. 106. Sapindus edulis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. 36 (1789) ; not of Blume. 
 Euphoria punicea, Lamk. Diet, iii. 573; lU. t. 306. Dimocarpus Lichi, 
 
688 XLiv. SAPINDACEJE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Nepheliuvi. 
 
 Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 233. Scytalia chinensis, Gcertn. Fruct. i. 197, t. 42, f. 3. 
 Sc. Litchi, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 ; FL Ind. ii. 269. E. Lit-clii, J^m. Gen. 
 248 ; WaU. Cat. 8048 {part). N. dimocarpus, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. (fh T. 
 (N. duriocarpus, T. Anders. Fl. Beluir 11). — Sonn. Voy. Ind. t. 129. 
 
 Widely cultivated in India ; iritrodnced from S. China. 
 
 A fine tree of moderate height, with spreading branches. Leaves 3-9 in. ; leaflets 
 li-6by 4~lf in- j petiolules y\-i in, /w/orwcewcf tawny-puberulent; flowers greenish- 
 white, t^-^ in. wide. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Disk glabrous. Ovary 2-3- 
 celled, ferruginous-hairy; style 2-3-lobed, lobes recurved. Fruit 2-1-lobed, globose, 
 about 1 in. diam, ; pericarp dry, at length brittle ; tubercles angular. Aril fleshy, 
 whitish, edible. — The Litchi of commerce. 
 
 ** Petals present. Calyx usimlly with deep divisions, 
 
 t Leaflets quite entire. 
 
 X Lateral veins of leaflets obsolete. 
 
 5. K. rubescens, Hiem ; leaflets 2-10 opposite or alternate lanceolate 
 or oblong acuminate base (►btuse or cuneate both sides glabrous shining 
 lateral veins obsolete reticulation minute, panicles axillary and teriniuju 
 pubescent, calyx rather deeply 4-5-lobed imbricated in bud, petals 4-5 
 small hairy, stamens 8-10 exserted, ovary emarginate or didymous, fruit 
 sharply tubercled. Euphoria Lit-chi, Wall. Cat. 8048,' letters G, H only, not 
 of Juss. 
 
 Martaban and Singapore, WaUich. Malacca Griffith. 
 
 Glabrous and shining except the inflorescence. Leaves 6-18 in. ; leaflets 2-7^ by 
 4-2^ in., turning somewhat red in drying ; petiolules J-^ in. Flowers ^^-^ in, wide. 
 Petals Hnour-obtuse or ovate acute, i)isk glabrous. Anthers small; filaments pube- 
 scent, shorter in the female flowers. Fruit-lobes oblong or ellipsoidal, generally solitary, 
 green or red, |-1 in. long ; setae tubular, short, compressed. 
 
 XX Lateral veins of leaflets more or less coyisj^icumis. 
 
 6. N. ? Maingrayi, Hiem ; leaflets 2 or 4 opposite obovate or elliptic 
 glabrous coriaceous shortly petioluled obtuse base obtusely narrowed lateral 
 veins not much raised, flowers tetramerous, calyx-lobes shortly ciliated 
 otherwise glabrous, petals smaller without scales, stamens 8 included, lobes 
 of capsule usually solitary oblong nearly glabrate. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 ^ Glabrous except ferruginous-puberulent shoots and inflorescence. Leaves 4-1 0^ in. ; 
 rachis not winged; leaflets 24-6^ by 1^-3| in.; petiolules \-^ in. Inflorescence 
 ranging up to 8 in.; flowers -\^'\^. diam., in internipted globose clusters; bracts 
 ranging up to 1 in. long or more. Calyx clefi, lobes imbricated. Petals shaggy- 
 tomentose. Filaments hairy. Ovary hairy. Fruit (immature) f-1 in. long, shortly 
 Btipitate. 
 
 7. N. costatum, ^t«^; leaflets 4-6 opposite or alternate elliptic or 
 oblong glabrous entire above dark green beneath pale obtuse emar- 
 ginate or shortly acuminate base obtuse, flowers panicled tomentose, calyx 
 deeply 5-lobed imbricated in bud, petals 5 minute obtuse attenuate towards 
 base, stamens exserted. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. 
 
 Leaves Q-\Q \x\. ; leaflets 3-6 by U-2| in., marked with subparallel lateral veins 
 beneath ; petiolules ^-A in. Panicles densely flowered, nearly equalling the leaves ; 
 flowers ^ in. diam. Filaments pilose. Ovary pilose. 
 
 8. N. ZiOng'ana, Camb. in Mem. Mus. Par. xviii 30; leaflets 4-10 
 opposite or alternate elliptic ovate oblong or lanceolate usually rather 
 
Nephelium.] XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) 689 
 
 obtuse at both ends glabrous above subglaucescent glabrous or nearly so 
 marked with lateral veins beneath wavy entire, base oblique, panicles ter- 
 minal an.d axillary, calyx deeply 5- rarely 6-lobed somewhat imbricated in 
 bud, petals spathulate about equalling the calyx, disk tomentose, stamens 
 6-10 included in the female shortly exserted in the male flowers, ovary 
 2-3-lobed, fruit tubercled. Bot. Mag. t. 4096 ', W. (h A. Prodr. 113 ; 
 Grah. Bomb. PI. 29 ; Blume Rumph. iii. 108 ; Dah. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35 ; 
 Thwaites Enum. 58. N. Mora, Gardn. ex Thwaites I.e. N. bengalense, 
 G. Don GfM. JSi/st. i. 570. Scytalia bengalensis, Poxb. ex G. Bon I.e. So. 
 Longan, Poxb. Hovt. Beng. 29 ; Fl. Lid. ii. 270. Dimocarpus Longan, 
 Lour. Fl. Cocliinch. 233; Trans. Hort. Soc. ii. t. 28. Euphoria Longana, 
 Lamk. Diet.' Hi. 574; Bot. Peg. t. 1729; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 156; Wall. Cat, 
 8049. Saj lindus benghalensis, Poxb. e.x W. <& A. I.e. Dimocarpus undulatus, 
 Wight ex W. (k A. I.e. E. undulata, Hb. Heyne ex Wall. I.e. S. monogyna, 
 Hb. Heyne I.e. D. pupilla, Moon Cat. 31. N. pupillum, Wight III. i. 141. 
 Euphoria pupillum. Stead. Norn. ed. 2, ii. 192 (under N. pupillum). N. hypo- 
 leucum, iturz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 50. — Cupania (sp.), Wall. 
 Cat. 8067, letter A not B. 
 
 Eastern Bengal. Pegu. Western Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. 
 Ceylon. Often cultivated. — Distrib. Cultivated in the tropics. 
 
 A tree of 30-40 ft. Leaves 4-18 in. ; leaflets 2-12 by ^-24 in. ; petiolules ^Vs io- 
 Inflorescence puberulent ; flowers yellowish-white, ^-i in. wide. Cqlyx shortly tomen- 
 tose on both sides. Petals 5 rarely 6, pubescent. Filaments pubescent ; anthers gla- 
 brous, shorter. Fruit reddish or purple, globose, 4-1 in- diam. ; tubercles rugose or 
 at length smooth. Aril wholesome. 
 
 9. N. xnalaiense, Grif. Notid. iv. 549 ; leaflets 6-8 subopposite or 
 alternate elliptic or ovate-oblong shortly acuminate above dark green gla- 
 brous beneath ferruginous-pubescent subglaucous marked with transverse 
 somewhat arched lateral veins base rounded, inflorescence terminal panicled 
 glandular pubescent, calyx deeply 5-lobed somewhat imbricated, petals entire 
 obovate shaggy inside, stamens short, fruit tubercled or almost obsoletely 
 so globose. 
 
 Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. 
 
 Young parts glandular-pubescent. Leaves \-l\ ft.; leaflets 2^-94 by 1-3| in.; 
 petiolules very, short, y\-^ in. Inflorescence about 1 ft. ; bracts lanceolate, obtuse ; 
 flowers fascicled, i in. diam. Calyx-lohes obtuse, about equalling the petals. Stamens 
 8; filaments pubescent; anthers glabrous, shorter than the filaments, scarcely exserted. 
 Ovary lobed, hairy, equalling the style ; stigma capitate, 2-3-lobed. Fruit |-| in. 
 diam. ; aril fleshy.. 
 
 10. N. eriopetalum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 508 ; leaflets 6-8 
 opposite or alternate elliptic-oblong or oblong apex rounded emarginate or 
 apiculate base rounded or obtuse entire beneath ferruginous subtomentose 
 with well-defined lateral veins above shining, branches of the panicles 
 spike-like, calyx deeply 5-lobed subvalvate, petals spathulate hairy, fila- 
 ments pubescent, fruit echinate-muricate. 
 
 Malacca, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra. 
 
 Young parts and inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves 1-14 ft.' leaflets 44-10 
 by 14-34 in. ; petiolules ^-^ in. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, shorter than the 
 leaves ; flowers -^^-^ wide. Calyx-lubes ovate-elliptic, obtuse, tomentose outside, gla- 
 brous inside. Petals small, often some deficient. Disk hairy. Stamens 5-8, shortly 
 exserted ; anther shortly oblong, not quite glabrous. Ovary 2-lobed, hairy. Cocci of 
 the fruit compresso subglobose, 1-1^ in. diam., bright red; seta subulate-obtuse, \ in. 
 
 VOL.1. YY 
 
GOO XLiv. sAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Nephelium, 
 
 ft Leaflets coarsely serrate. 
 
 11. N. G-ardneri, Thwaites Enum. 58; leaflets 4-6 lanceolate coarsely 
 remotely and obtusely serrate subglabrous lower surface glaucous base 
 obliquely cuneate very shortly petioluled, racemes panicled, calyx deeply 
 lobed hoary-tomentellous, jVetals linear-spathulate acute, fruit smoothly 
 tubercled. Euphoria Gardneri, Benth. d- Hook. /. Gen. PI. i. 406 ; Bedd. 
 Ic. PL hid. Or. t. 285. 
 
 Ceylon ; at Puttam, Gardner. 
 
 Leaves 3-8 in. ; leaflets 2-4 by ^-1^ in. Inflorescence about as long as the leaves ; 
 flowers |-J in. wide, 5-merous. Cahjx-lohes ovate, somewhat imbricate in bud, hairy 
 on both Mdes. Petals hairy on both sides, exceeding the calyx. Disk hairy. Sta- 
 mens 7-10, short ; filaments hairy ; anthers small, glabrous. Ovary tubercled, hispid, 
 didymous; style rather long. Fruit ^ in. long. 
 
 Sect. IL Leaves paripinnate ; leaflets with the lowest pair stipuliform. 
 
 12. N. Btipulaceum, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. S(K. xxv. 212 ; Ic. PL Ind. 
 Or. t. 103; Fl. ISylv. t. 155; leaflets 4-6 opposite or alternate elliptic 
 obtuse glabrous lower surface pale or glaucous with clear slender lateral 
 veins glandular in the axils base cuneate lowest pair opposite small sti- 
 puliform, panicles axillary and terminal, calyx hirsute 6-6-partite sub- 
 valvate, petals 0, stamens 5-9 short, fruit echinate. 
 
 Western Peninsula ; moist forests of Malabar and the Anamallay hills, alt. 2000 ft., 
 rare, Bcddome. 
 
 A handsome tree of middle size, with strong wood. Leaves 6-14 in. ; leaflets 24-6 
 by 1^-3 in., lowest pair 4-1 in. long; petiolules short, ranging up to j^ in. Panicles 
 rather shorter tiian the leaves; flowers about ^ in. wide. Calyx upreading. Anthers 
 small. Ovary 2-3-lobed. iityU 2-3-lobed ; lobes recurved, glandular. F't'uit ellip- 
 soidal, I by 4 in- ; 8*3^86 subulate obtuse, rather weak, hairy at tip. Seeds half covered 
 with the succulent aril. 
 
 DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIE*. 
 
 EupnoRA EX8TIPULAT18, Griff., is Aglaia minutiflora, Bedd. 
 
 EupiiOKiA A'lTENUATA, Plunch., is Sapindus attcnuatus. Wall. 
 
 E. Danuka, Wall., is Sapindus Danura, Voigt. 
 
 E. fuscata, Benth. d; Ilook.f., is Glenniea zeylanica, Hook. f. 
 
 E. LiTCHi, Wall. Cat. 8048 E only (Scytalia glabra, Hb. Ham.), is Walsura robusta, 
 Boxb. 
 
 E. Nephelium, Wall. Cut. 8053 part of'B, is Mallotus subpeltatus, Muell. Arg. 
 
 E. NoKONHiANA, Bluvie, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume. 
 
 E. RiMOSA, Boyle 111. 138, is the same as Nephelium rimosum, G. Don. 
 
 E. rubra, Boyle III. 138, is Sapindus attcnuatus, WaU. 
 
 E. VERTiciLLATA, Lindl., is Sapindus Danura, Voigt. 
 
 E. VERTICILLATA, Wall. Cat. 8052 D, E, only, is Sapindus attcnuatus, WaU. 
 
 E. XEROCARPA, Blume, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blame. 
 
 E. (sp.). Wall. Cat. 8054, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume. 
 
 Nepuelium uiFOLioLATUM, Thwaitcs, is Sapindus bifoliolatus, Hiem. 
 
 N. ERECTUM, Thvmites, is Sapindus erectus, Hiem. 
 
 N. EXiMiUM, Thwaites, is Pometia tomentosa, Kurz. 
 
 N. FUf^CATUM, Thwaites, is Glenniea zeylanica, Hook.f. 
 
 N. Noronhianum, Canib., is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume. 
 
 N. rimosum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 671 ; W. & A. Prodr. 113 (Scytalia rimosa, 
 Boxb. Hori. Beng. 29 ; FL Ind. ii. 272), from Silhet, is unknown to me. 
 
Nephelium.'] xliv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiern.) 691 
 
 N. RUBRUM, G. Don, is Sapindus attenuatus, Wall. 
 
 N. siMPLiGiFOLiuM, T/iwaites, is Sapindus Thwaitesii, Hiern. 
 
 N. VAKiABiLE, Wall, ex Voiyt Hort. Sub. Oalc. 95, from Khasia, is unknown to me. 
 
 N. VERTiciixATCM, G. Dou, 13 Sapindus Danura, Voigt. 
 
 N. XEROCARPUM, Camb., is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume, 
 
 16. POXMCETIA, J. R. & G. Forst. 
 
 Tall trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, leaflets subopposite, entire or serrate 
 (the lowest pair usually stipuliform). Racemes simple or panicled, elongated 
 slender. Flowers regular, polygamous, fascicled, small, shorter than their 
 pedicels. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-4-fid, valvate in bud. Petals 5-4, small, 
 usually without scales. Disk complete, annular, lobed. Stamens 4-8, 
 usually 6-4 inserted within the disk, at length much exserted ; anthers 
 small. Ovary 2-3-coccous and -celled ; ovules solitary. Style elongated ; 
 stigma obtuse, eraarginate. Fruit 1-2-coccous ; lobes subglobose or ellip- 
 soidal, indehiscent, smooth. Seeds exalbuminous, covered with a mucila- 
 ginous aril. — DiSTEiB. Species few, confined to India, Ceylon, the Indian 
 Archipelago and the Pacific Islands. 
 
 1. P. tomentosa, Kurz Andam. Rep. ed. 2, 34 ; leaflets 10-26 oblong 
 glabrescent or veins and midrib pubescent or even tomentose usually 
 acuminate base rounded or somewhat cordate lateral veins numerous 
 clearly marked beneath, inflorescence pubescent or glabrescent, flowers 
 5-4-merous. P. eximia, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 157. Irina glabra, Blxime 
 Bijdr. 230. Eccremanthus eximius, Tkwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 272, 
 t. 9. Nephelium eximium, Tkwaites Enum. 57. — Rumph. Herh. Amboin. ill. 
 31, t. 17. 
 
 Eastern Peninsula; South Andaman's, iTwrs; Malacca, Maingay ; Ceylon, in 
 the Central province, Thwaites .—^Di^TRm. Malay Archipelago. 
 
 A tree ranging up to 60 ft. wath terete giabrate branches^. Leaves 1-3 ft. ; leaflets 
 ranging up to 14 t'J 1 ^v the lower leaflets smaller, the lowest pair very small |-lj 
 in. diam. ; lateral veins alternately ending in a tooth ; petiolules very short. Flowers 
 very small, 5-4-merous, yellowish-green. Petals white, short, glabrous or hairy near 
 the apex inside, with or without an adnate hairy scale. Dish bright red or orange. 
 Stamens 5-4 ; filaments pubescent at least below. Fruit deep red or brown when rij>e, 
 glabrous, ellipsoidal or subglobose, 1-2 in. diam. Seeds oblong ; testa red ; aril white, 
 opaque. — Timber useful. For a figure and description of a monstrous leaf of this plant, 
 see a paper by Dr. A. Braun on the subject. This perhaps ought to be united to P. 
 pinnata, /. li. & G. Forster Char. Gen. 110, t. 55, a native of Fiji and other South 
 Sea Islands ; it differs from the latter by rather more numerous less sessile less cordate 
 and not imbricating leaflets. 
 
 Var. ferruginea ; young parts inflorescence rachis of leaves and midrib of leaflets 
 ferruginous- tomentose ; leaflets not exceeding 7 by 2^ in. 
 
 17. KARPUXiXjIA, Eoxb. 
 
 Erect trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate ; leaflets alternate, 
 entire, acuminate, subglabrous. Flowers in racemes or panicles dioecious 
 or polygamous, regular. Se2}als 4-5, erect, equal, imbricated. Petals 4-5, 
 narrowly obovate, exceeding the calyx, sometimes clawed, without either 
 glands or scales, but sometimes with inflected lobes at the base of the 
 lamina. Stamens 5-8, elongated, inserted within the obscure di.sk. Ovanj 
 
 Y y2 
 
693 XL IV. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Harpullm. 
 
 tomentose, ellipsoidal or oblong, 2-celled ; ovules usually 2 together, super- 
 posed. Style elongated; stigma linear, usually more or less twisted. 
 Caj^sule coriaceous, inflated, 2-lobed, 2-celled, loculicidaUy 2-valved ; cells 
 1-2-seeded. Seeds subglobose, exalbuminous, usually anllate. — DisTRiB. 
 About 6 tropical Asiatic, Australian and ^ladagascar species. 
 
 1. K. cupanoides, Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 86 ; Fl. Ind, ed. Carey, ii. .442 ; 
 ed. 1832, i 646; leaflets 6-12 alternate or opposite ovate or elliptic thinly 
 coriaceous lateral nerves neither stout nor ap])roximate base obtuse or 
 cuneate shortly petiolate, panicles lax axillary and subterminal, fruit, 
 glabrate or nearly so. Wall. Oat. 8078. Streptostigma viridiflorum, 
 Thwait€8 in Ilook. Kew Joum. vL 298, t. 9 (1854). H. imbricata, Thwaiies 
 Enum. 56; Bedd FL Sylv. t. 158. Otonychium imbricatum. Blame 
 Rumph. iii 180 {Jde Thwaites). 
 
 Chittaoono, Roxburgh. Bikma, Griffith. South Andamaks, Kurz. Western 
 Peninsula, from the Concan southwards. Ceyix)N, in the Central province. — Distrib. 
 Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 
 
 A tree with straight trunk. Leaves 6-18 in. ; leaflets 2-9 hy 1-3 in. ; petiohiles 
 |{-| in. Panicles erect (in flower), 2-9 in. long. Fhicers pale-yellow or greenish, 
 f-4 in. long. Calyx ^-J in. long, somewhat tomentose, deciduous ; partitions ob- 
 tuse. Petals glabrous except the claw, obtuse. Capmle 1 by 1^-2^ in., compressed, 
 pendulous, bright orange. — Some of Blume's species of Harpullia are probably syno- 
 nymous. 
 
 18. ZOXiXiIMGSRZA, Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 303 (1872). 
 
 A glabrcscent, shining tree. Leaves alternate, deciduous, exstipulate ; 
 leaflets alternate, entire, papery. Panicles axillary and tenninal ; flowers 
 white, pedicelled. Calyx 6-partite ; sepals deciduous, unequal, imbricated ; 
 the inner 2 larger. Petals 5, somewhat clawed, each furnished at the bjise 
 with an obtuse woolly scale half as long as themselves. Stamens 8, inserted 
 within the obsolete disk ; filaments not exserted, longer slender ; anthers 
 oval, cells blunt. Ovary 3-sided, conical, attenuated into the simple 
 3-dentate 3-sided style, 3-celled ; cells 1-2-ovuled. Capsules large, papery, 
 usually 1-celled, broadly 3-2-winged, septicidally dehiscent. Seeds solitary 
 or 2 together, exalbuminous, witliout aril ; testa membranous ; cotyledons 
 large green plicate.— Distrib. A monotypic genus. 
 
 1. Z. macrocarpa, Kurz I.e.; leaves glabrous, leaJBets 4-5 oblong 
 rather obtusely narrowed scarcely acuminate base oblique, capsule-wings 
 striate rounded at base truncate at apex. 
 
 Pegu, at Prome, Kurz. 
 
 A tree up to 80 ft. ; young parts tawny-puberulent. Leaves 9-12 in., odd-pinnate or 
 rarely siibabruptly pinnate ; leaflets 5-8 by 14-2 in.; lateral veins subparallei ; petio- 
 hiles J-j in. Panicles 4-6 in., somewhat drooping, obsoletely puberulcnt Pedicels 
 ^ in. Sej)als about ^\ in. lont;, obovate, ciliolated, subemarginate. Petah ^ in. long, 
 ciliated, oblong, obtuse. i^^iVamcnf.? pubescent. Ovary sparingly pubescent at base. 
 Capsules 2-2^ in. by 1^-lf in., oblong, glabrate. 
 
 19. ACER, Tournef. 
 
 Trees with opposite simple or palmately lobcd exstipulate leaves, ter- 
 minal and lateral racemes or corymbs and polygamous regular flowers. 
 Calyx usually 5-partite, imbricated, deciduous. Petals isomerous with the 
 
Acer.] XLiv. SAPINDACE2E. (W. P. Hiem.) 693 
 
 sepals or 0, erect, shortly clawed, without scales. Stamens 4-12, usually 8, 
 inserted on the glabrous disk; filaments usually shorter in the herma- 
 phrodite than in the male flowers. Ovary 2- (rarely 3-) lobed and celled, 
 laterally compressed; cells 2-ovuled. Style bipartite; divisions linear, 
 stigmatose on the inner face. Fruit a double samara, indehiscent. Seeds 
 exalbuminous, exarillate ; embryo conduplicate. — Distrib. A genus of 
 40-50 species, found also in Europe, other parts of Asia, and in North 
 America. 
 
 Sect. I. Leaves undivided. 
 * Leaves with 3 basal nerves, 
 
 1. A. oblongrijim, Wall, in DC Prodr. i 593; Cat. 1222; leaves un- 
 divided quite entire oblong or ovate acuminate glabrescent penninerved 
 silvery glaucous beneath base obtuse 3-nerved, cymes panicled contemporary 
 with the leaves pubescent. Camh. in Jacq. toy. Bot. 31, t. 34 ; Brand. Fc/r. 
 FL 110; Roylelll. 134. A. laurifolium, D. Don Prodr. 249. A. Bu^im- 
 pala, Hamilt. ex D. Don I.e. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya ; from Kashmir, alt. 2-3000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; 
 Bhotan, and the Mishmi hills. — Distrib. Hongkong, Lochow Islds. 
 
 A tree of 40-50 ft. ; trunk 1-2 ft. diara. Leaves more or less persistent, dark-green 
 above, 2-7 by |-3 in., minutely reticulated ; petioles f-Sg in., usually about half the 
 length of their leaves. Sepals and petals narrow, iV-rir i^* Stamens 8, exserted, gla- 
 brous. Ovary hairy, i^riw'i glabrous ; carpels 1-1 j in. long ; wings venose, diverging, 
 contracted below, back nearly straight ; cells woody, angular, clothed inside with white 
 hairs.— Wood reddish, used for agricultural implements, and in Tibet for drinking 
 cups. 
 
 Vak. ? microcarpum ; carpels 4-1 in. long. Mishmi hills, Griffith. 
 
 2. A. niveum, Blume Cent. Plant. Nov.; Rumph. iii 193, t. 167 B, fig. 1 ; 
 leaves undivided quite entire elliptic or oblong acuminate or caudate 
 glabrescent penninerved white-glaucous beneath base rounded 3-nerved, 
 cymes panicled glabrous contemporary with the leaves. A laurinum^ 
 Hassk. in Tydschr. Nat. Wetersch. x. 138(1843); Cai. PI. Ilort. Bog. 222 
 {vjithoui demription in eitlier case). A. javanicum, Jungk. in Tydschr. Nat. 
 Wetersch. viii. 391 (1841), not of Burmann. 
 
 Upper Assam, Griffith. Martaban, at Moulniein, Heifer. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java. 
 
 A tree of 100-150 ft. Leaves 3-8 by 1-34 i^- 5 petioles 1-3 in. Cymes lax; flowers 
 yellowish-green. Sepals lanceolate or oblong, ^ in. Petals equalling or shorter than 
 the sepals. Stamens 6-8, glabrous, short, included (in hermaphrodite flowers). Ovary 
 hairy, i^rwif glabrous ; carpels |-2 4 in. long; wings venose, widening upwards, back 
 but little curved, cells not angular. 
 
 3. A. laevlg-atum, Wall. PI. As. Bar. ii. 3, t. 104 ; Cat 1223 ; leaves 
 undivided quite entire or minutely serrate when young ovate or oblong 
 acuminate glabrous shining penninerved reticulated green on both sides 
 base rounded 3-nerved, cymes panicled glabrous contemporary with the 
 leaves. Brand. For. Fl. 110, non Hort. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya; alt. 5-9000 ft,, from Simla to Sikkim. Khasia Mts., alt. 
 6000 ft. 
 
 A large tree; trunk 30-40 ft. high, 3-4 ft. diam. Leaves 24-6 by 1-2 in., more 
 strongly reticulated than in A. ohlongum; petioles ^-4 in. Cymes laxer than in A, 
 ohlongum. Sepals 5, ovate or lanceolate, -^ in. Petals 5, obtuse, clawed, white, 
 yj-^ in. Stamens 5-8, glabrous, exserted. Ovary hairy. Fruit glabrous ; carpels 
 
694 XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE. (W. P. Hiem.) [Acer. 
 
 1-1| in. long; wings venose, slightly diverging, widened above, back usually curved; 
 cells not angular. — Wood used for building. -* 
 
 ** Leaves with 5 basal nerves. 
 
 4. A. sikkimense, 3Iiq. iyi Archives Neerlandaises, ii. 471 ; leaves un- 
 divided minutely serrate ovate cuspidate subcoriaceous glabrous penni- 
 nerved both sides green base cordate 5-nerved, racemes spicate contem- 
 porary with the leaves glabrate. 
 
 Eastkrn Tempkrate Himalaya, frora'Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft., and Bhotan, to the 
 Mislimi hills, Griffith. 
 
 A large tall tree. Zeares 3-6 by l|-3§ iy. ; petioles f-1^ in. Racemes equalling 
 or shorter than the leaves ; pedicels very short alternate and opposite. Sepals lanceo- 
 late. Petals short. Stamens glabrous, short. Fruit glabrous ; carpels |-f in. long ; 
 wings venose, diverging, widened above, back straight or slightly curved ; cells not 
 angular. 
 
 5. A. Hookerl, Miq. in Archives Neerlandaises, ii. 471 ; leaves un- 
 divided finely dui)licato-serrate ovate caudate-acuminate subinenibranous 
 subglabrate both sides green base 5-nerved cordate, racemes simple nearly 
 equalling and contemporary with the leaves puberulent. 
 
 Eastekn Teju'erate Himalaya; Sikkiai, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H. Bhotan, 
 Griffith. 
 
 A tree of 40-50 ft. Leaves 2^-6 by 1 J-3i in. ; petioles 1-2 in. Racemes 2-4^ in. ; 
 pedicels ^-^ in. Flowers J in., glabrous. Sepals elliptic or ovate. Petals obovate, 
 about equalling the sepals. Stameris 8, scarcely exserted. Fruit glabrous ; carpels 
 2-| in. long; wings venose, diverging, widened above, back slightly curved; cells not 
 angular. 
 
 6. A. stachyophylluxn, Ilier/i ; leaves undivided serrate ovate 
 caudate-acundnate subniembranous penninerved upper surface sul)glabrous 
 lower surface hoary- velvety base rounded or sligiitly hollowed 5-nerved, 
 racemes simple or branched about equalUng the leaves. 
 
 Eastern Temperate Himalaya; Sikkim, in the Lachoong valley, alt. 9-10,000 ft., 
 J. D. H. CnoTAN, Griffith. 
 
 A small tree. Leaves 2i-3i by 1^-2^ in.; petioles 1-3 in. Flowers unknown, 
 i^rwi^ glabrous ; carpels If-'i in. long; wings venose, somewhat widened upwards and 
 diverging ; cells angular, cuneatc at biise, woody. 
 
 Sect. IT. Leaves 3-lobed. 
 
 7. A. Isolobum, Kurz in Joitm. As. Soc. Beng. xli. 302, 1872; leaves 
 deeply 3-lobed glabrous shining acutely serrulate base subcordate 3-nerved 
 lobes lanceolate acuminate acute. 
 
 Pegu, Kurz. 
 
 A largo glabrous tree. Leaves 3-4^ by 3-5 in. wide ; petioles 1-2 in. Flowers and 
 fruit unknown. 
 
 8. A. pentapomlcum, J. L. Steicart ex Brand. For. Fl. Wl- leaves 
 3-lobed glabrescent except tufts of hairs in the axils of the 3-5 basal nerves 
 base truncate or cordate lobes ovate obtusely serrate, peduncles fascicled. 
 
 North Western Temperate Himalaya; in hot dry places from Kashmir to 
 Kumaon, alt. 2300-5300 ft. 
 
 A tree ; girth of trunk rarely as much as 5^ ft. ; twigs grey or reddish. Leaves 14-4 
 by 24-6 in., pale on both sides; lobes about half the depth of the leaves; petioles 
 14-4 in., thinly tomentose when young, afterwards glabrate. Flowers unknown. Pe- 
 
Acer,] XLiv. sapinbacejs. (W. P. Hiern.) 695 
 
 duncles in short little-branched corymbose cypies, which measure 2-3 in. long. Fruit 
 glabrous ; carpels 1 in. long ; wings venose, slightly diverging, widening above, back 
 nearly straight ; cells somewhat nodose. 
 
 Sect. III. Leaves S-lobed and nerved (3-lobed in A. villosum var. 
 Thomsoni). 
 
 , 9. A. ceesluxn, Wall, ex Brand. For. i^Z. Ill, t. 21 ; leaves palmately 
 6-lobed pale beneath serrate base cordate 5-nerved lobes ovate acuminate 
 basal ones smaller, cymes corymbose appearing after the leaves. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 7-10,000 ft., extend- 
 ing to Kumaon. 
 
 A tree, 70-80 ft. high. Leaves 34-7 by 4-8 in., thinly pubescent, especially on the 
 veins beneath, usually glabrescent except in the axils of the 5 (rarely 7) basal nerves ; 
 petioles 24 6g in. Cymes nearly equalling the leaves ; flowers pentamerous. Petals 
 short, white. Stamens short, i^rwif glabrate ; carpels l|-2 in. long; wings venose, 
 somewhat diverging, back slightly curved ; cells angular, black. — Wood soft ; inferior 
 drinking cups are made of it in Tibet. 
 
 10, A. vlllosuxn, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 4; Cat. 1227; leaves normally 
 5-lobed upper surface glabrate lower surface pubescent or nearly glabrate 
 rather paler base cordate 5-nerved lobes ovate or lanceolate serrate or repand, 
 racemes branched or simple pubescent usually appearing rather before the 
 leaves. Brand. For. Fl. HI. A. sterculiaceum, Wall. PI. As. Par. ii. 3, 
 t. 105; Cat. 1224. 
 
 Temperate Western Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 7-9000 ft. 
 
 A large handsome tree. Leaves 3J-10 in. long and wide ; petioles 2-5 in. Cymes 
 lateral shorter than the leaves. Sepals elliptic or ovate, ciliate, 3-nerved. Petals 
 linear-oblong, ciliate, about equalling the calyx. Stamens 5-8, glabrous, exserted. 
 Fruit puberulent, brownish; carpels 14-2? in. long, diverging; wings venose, margins 
 often crenulate, back rather curved ; cells angular-nervose. — According to Dr. 
 Wallich his A. sterculiaceum differs from the type of A. villosum in being much 
 smoother; he thinks, however, that this difference may perhaps be due to its less 
 elevated situation. 
 
 Vak, Thomsoni, Miq. in Archives Neerlandaises, ii. 470 {sp.) ; basal lobes of leaves 
 obsolete, the three other lobes small, fruit 2-3 in. long. — Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 
 7-9000 ft., /. D. H. ; Bhotan, Griffith.— This is probably A. platanifolia. Griff. Itin. 
 Notes, 200, and perhaps distinct from A. villosum. 
 
 11. A. caudatum, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 4, 28, t. 132; Cat. 1225; leaves 
 5-lobed serrate submembranous nearly or quite glabrescent except axils of 
 the 5 basal nerves base cordate or truncate lobes ovate caudate the two 
 basal ones small, racemes short in flower longer in fruit nearly glabrous. 
 Brand. For. Fl. 112. A. pectinatum, Wall. I.e. ; Cat. 1226. A. acuminatum, 
 Wall, ex D. Dm Prodr. 249. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya; from Chumba to Sikkim, alt. 7-11,000 ft. 
 
 A large tree, with somewhat glaucous shoots. Leaves in some cases with persistent 
 puberulence especially along the veins beneath, 24-5 in. long and wide ; petioles 
 1^-34 in., reddish, puberulent. Cymes appearing about the time of the leaves. Sepals 
 J in., oblong, obtuse, whitish, 5-4. Petals white, obovate, rather shorter than the calyx. 
 Stamens A-6, exserted. Fruit glabrous, subglaucous ; carpels f-1 4 in. long, more or 
 less diverging or (in A. pectinatum) quite patent ; wings pink, or at length ferruginous, 
 venose, back arcuate, fnmt sinuous-crenulate ; cells rugose, darker. — A. pectinatum is a 
 form with setosely serrate leaves. 
 
696 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiem.) [Acer, 
 
 Sect. IV. Leaves 7-5-lobed and -nerved., 
 
 12. A/Caxnpbellil, Hook /. d; Thorns, mss. in Hh. Kew. ; Brand. For, 
 Fl. 109 ; lecaves 5-7-lobed glabrescent except axils of the 5-7 basal nerves 
 serrulate both sides green base hollowed or truncate, cymes pyramidal or 
 elongated subglabrous appearing with the leaves. 
 
 SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft.. Herb. Griffith, J. D. H. 
 
 A tree of 50 ft. Leaves of a beautifully green colour, pendulous, pilose beneath 
 when quite young, 3-5 by 4-7 in. ; lobe? lanceolate or ovate-caudate; petioles red- 
 dish, l|-3. Cymes 2-6 in. long; flowers short, green. /Sej)als 5, ovate. Pefa/.* white, 
 shorter than the sepals, obtuse, plicate at base. Stamens 8, reddish, about equalling 
 the calyx; filaments short. Fruit glabrous, f-1 in. long; carpels divaricate; wings 
 venose, widened above, back slightly curved ; cells globose darker, nearly smooth. 
 
 13. A. plctum, Thunh. Fl. Jap. 162 ; leaves 5-7-lobed submembranous 
 grabrescent except hairy tufts on the axils of the 5-7 basal nerves both 
 sides green base cordate or hollowed lobes lanceolate or caudate entire, 
 cymes corymbose appearing with the leaves. Brand., For. Fl. 112; Miq. 
 Ann. Mus. Lwjd. Bat. i. 251. A. laetum, (7. A. Mey. Verz. Pfi. Cauc. 206; 
 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 949. A. tnincatum, Bunge Enum. PL China Bar. 10. 
 A. cultratum, Wall. PL As. Bar. il 4 ; Wall. Cat. 1228. A. colchicum, 
 Hort. A. sterculiaceum, GriJ". Itin. JSotes 148, not of Wall. A. Mono, 
 Maxim. Prira. FL Amur. 68. 
 
 Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 4-6000 ft., to Bhotan, alt. 9-10,000 ft.— 
 DiSTRiH. Eastward to China, Japan, and westward to Persia and the Caucasus. 
 
 A beautiful tree of small or moderate size. Leaves 2-5^ by 2^-6^ in. ; petioles gla- 
 brous, 1-4^ in. Cymes 1-6 in. ; flowers ^— ^ in. long, on slender pedicels. /Sepals ob- 
 long. P«faZs spathulate, equalling the calyx. /Stamens S, included. Fruit ghihrouB; 
 carpels I4-I4 in. long, divaricating almost in one line; wings sinuous, venose, back 
 arcuate; cells compressed. — Wood white, light, finc-graiued. 
 
 20. DOBZNSA, Hamilt. 
 
 A shrub with terete virgate branches. Leaves undivided, serratelv 
 toothed, opposite, ex.stipulate, petioled. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, 
 leafy below, flowers small unisexual, glabrous. Calyx cup-sbaped, 4-dentate, 
 base subturbinate, altogether wanting in the female flower. Petals 4, lan- 
 ceolate-spathulate, exceeding the calyx, wanting in the female flower. 
 Stamens 8, alternately shorter, exserted, glabrous, wanting in the female 
 flower ; anthers short. Disk wanting in the male, annular in the female 
 flower, glabrous. Ovary sessile, lenticular, 1 -celled, rudimentary in the 
 jnale flower ; style filiform, spirally involute, stigmatose on the inner side 
 and at the apex ; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit compressed, shortly ciliated 
 on the margin, indehiscent, borne on widely bracteate pedicels, the bract 
 being adnate to the pedicel and exceeding both it and the fmit. Seed 
 solitary, compressed, exalbuminous, exarillate ; testa membranous ; coty- 
 ledons flat, accumbent ; radicle short. — Disteib. A monotypic genus. 
 
 1. D. vulg'aris, Hamilt. ex D. Don Prodr. 249 ; leaves elliptic-lan- 
 ceolate acutely acuminate minutely hairy on veins, acumen quite entire base 
 rounded. Wall Cat. 1229. 
 
 Central and Eastern Himalaya ; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft., /. D. H.; 
 Mishmi hills, Griffith. 
 Branched, 5-8 ft. high, aromatic or with smell of ivy. Branchlets shortly pubescent. 
 
Dohinm.] XLiv. SAPINDACE^. (W. p. Hiern.) 697 
 
 Leaves 3-7 by 1-2 in. ; petioles |-1§ in., pubescent. Panicles ranging [up to 2 ft. in 
 width. Flowers xV"^? i"- diam, ; bracts linear, Bbortly pubescent, free ; those close to 
 the fruit obcordate-orbicular, venose, 4-f in- diam., rose-coloured. Fruit | in. diam. 
 
 21. DODONSSA, Linn. 
 
 Shrubs rarely arborescent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Inflorescence 
 lateral and terminal Floivers polygamous, inconspicuous. Sepals 5-2, 
 imbricated or valvate. Petals wanting. Stamens 10-5, usually 8, inserted 
 on the outer side of the disk ; filaments short ; anthers linear-oblong. 
 Disk obsolete in the male flower, small in the female. Ovary 3-6-sided and 
 -celled ; style 3-6-sided, apex 3-6-cleft. Ovules 2 together, collateral or 
 superposed. Capsuk 2-6-sided, membranous or coriaceous, septicidally 
 2-6-valved ; valves winged at the back ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds lenticular 
 or subglobose, compressed, exalbuminous, exarillate, funicle thickened; 
 embryo spirally involute. — Distrib. A genus of some 40 species or more, 
 mostly endemic in Australia. 
 
 Dodonsea (sp.) in Herb. Hohenack. n. 2355, is Aspidopterys canarensis, Dalz. 
 
 1. D. viscosa, Linn. Mant. PI, alt. 228 ; leaves undivided oblanceolate 
 viscid-shining glabrous subapiculate base cuneate-attenuate subsessile 
 margin re volute entire or nearly so, cymes short, wings of each carpel 
 oblong-orbicular extending from the base to the style. Baker in Oliv. Ft. 
 Trop. Afr. i. 433; Benth. Fl. Austral, i. 475; Brand. For. FL 113 ; Boiss. 
 Fl. Orient, i. 953. D. angustifolia, Lirin.f. Siippl. PL 218 ; Poxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 
 256. D. dioica. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 256. D. Burmanniana, 
 DC. Prodr. i.'616j Wight III. i t. 52 ; If. <h A. Prodr. 114; Grah. Cat. 
 Bomb. PI. 30 ; IJalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36 ; Thwaites Emm. 59. D. pallida, 
 Mvci. in Herb. Holienack. n. 1068. D. microcarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 617. D. 
 Wightiana, Blume Eumph. iii. 189. D. pentandra, Griff. Notul. iv. 548. 
 D. heterophylla, Hortul. ex G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 674. Wall. Cat. 8081. 
 Ptelea viscosa, Linn. Si^. PI. ed. i. 118 ; Burm. Fl. Ind. 36. D. spathulata, 
 Sm. 171 Bees Cycl. xii. n. 2. D. arabica, Hochst. & Steiod. in Herb. Arab. 
 Schimp. n. 766. — Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 23. Rnmph. Herb. Amboin. iv. t. 50. 
 
 Throughout Ikdia, from the Indus Eastwards and Southwards to Ceylon and 
 Malacca. — Distrib. All warm countries. 
 
 An evergreen shrub occasionally growing into a small tree. Shoots terete or some- 
 what angular. Leaves more or less viscid with a shining yellowish resin, very variable 
 in breadth, 1-5 by ^-14 in. Sepals oblong, itj— | in. long, about equalling the stamens. 
 Capside compressed, glabrous, |-1 in. broad. — Several synonyms, not strictly Indian, 
 are omitted. 
 
 21.* 1MCEX.IANTKVS, Tournef. 
 
 Shrubby glabrous plants with a strong odour. Leaves alternate, stipulate, 
 unequally pinnate ; leaflets toothed, decurrent. Racemes axillary and ter- 
 minal. Flowers bracteate, hermaphrodite irregular, sometimes apetalous. 
 Calyx laterally compressed, 5-partite, base with a saccate gibbosity ; lobes 
 unequal, imbricated. Petals excentric, declinate, subperigynous, narrow, 
 long-clawed ; the fifth petal very small or wanting. Stamens 4, didynamous, 
 declinate, inserted within the disk. Disk unilateral, honeyed. Ovary 
 oblong, 4-lobed, 4-celled, style filiform, 4-toothed deeply at apex ; ovules 2-4 
 together. Capsule papery, vesicular, dee|)ly 4-lobed, 4-celled. Seeds 
 subglobose, exarillate ; albumen fleshy or horny. — Distrib. A small South 
 African geniis. 
 
698 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^. (W. P. Hiern.) [Mdianthus, 
 
 1. Melianthus major, Linn. ; a South African i)lant, occurs in 
 Kumaon, where it is said to be an introduction, and has been cultivated in 
 the Nilghiris where it was first noticed by Wight (Kew Distrib. n. 542) ; it 
 is established at Ootacamund {Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixxi.), and in 
 Bhotan reaches a limit of 9500 feet {Griff. Journ. 265). It is an undershrub 
 "with glabrous coarsely serrate leaves emitting a fetid scent when bruised ; 
 it is synonymous with M. Himalayanus, Wall. Cat. 1190; Miq. in Herb. PI. 
 Ind. Or. Hohenacker. n. 1059 ; Planch, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Land. xx. 416, 
 t. 20, f. 1-13 ; Hook f. in Journ. Pot. 1873, 356.— The claw of the petals was 
 pubescent in the flower of Wallich's specimen, which I examined, and thus 
 the character fails which Dr. Planchon relied on for the discrimination of 
 Wallich's species. 
 
 22. STAPKVXiEA, Linn. 
 
 Branched shrubs or trees, with terete branches. Leai^es opposite, stipulate, 
 trifoliate or pinnate ; leaflets stipellate, serrulate. Inflorescence lateral ana 
 terminal, bracteate, pedicels jointed in the middle. ' Flowrrs regular, her- 
 maphrodite, pendulous. ISepals 5, oblong, imbricated, coloured, deciduous. 
 Petals 5, as long as the sej)als, obovate, imbricated, white. /Stamens 5, inserted 
 on the edge of the disk between its lobes ; filaments slender, pubescent below ; 
 anthers versatile, shortly oblong. Ovar// 3-2-lobed and -celled ; styles 3-2, 
 slender ; stigmas subcapitate ; ovules 6 or more in each cell, in 2 rows, 
 anatropous. C'«7^>s«/c membranous, vesicular-inflated, 3-2 lobed and -celled ; 
 carpels dehiscing at the apex akmg the ventral suture. /Seeds few, sub- 
 globose, exarillate ; testa hanl: albumen fleshy. — Distrib. About 4 species 
 occurring in North America, Europe, and Asia. 
 
 1. S. Eznodi, Wall, Cat. 4275 ; leaves glabrescent or thinly pubescent 
 beneath trifoliolate leaflets nearly equal ovate or elliptic acuminate pale 
 beneath membranous base obtuse or cuneate lateral ones subsessile terminal 
 one petioled, anthers shortly apiculate. Brand. For. Fl. 114. 
 
 Westeun Temperate Himalaya ; from Marri to Kumaon, alt. 6-7000 ft. — Distrib. 
 
 AfiFghanistan. 
 
 A small tree with spotted bark. Leaves 4-14 in. ; leaflets 2-6 by 1-3 in. ; petioles 
 l|-64^ in. ; terminal petiole ^-li in.; stipules linear, stipcls setaceous, both caducous. 
 Ci/mes rather dense, 1^-4 in. ; flowers i in. long, about equalling the pedici-ls. Caj)- 
 suits 2-3 in. long; base turbinate. — Probahly a form of the N. American S. trifolia, 
 Linn., differing only from the type by less pubescent foliage aud anther-tips less obtuse. 
 
 23. TURPZNXA, Vent. 
 
 Glabrous and shining trees or shrubs, with smooth terete branches. 
 Leaves opposite, stipulate, usually odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite, stipellate, 
 serrulate, subcoriaceous. Panicles terminal and axillary; fluwers snijill, 
 regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite, imbricated, PeUds 5, imbri- 
 cated. Stamens 5, inserted outside the lobed or crenulate raised disk ; 
 filaments flattened; anthers short. Ovary sessile, 3-lobed and -celled; 
 styles 3, combined or distinct ; stigmas subcapitate ; ovules 2 together or 
 more and then in two rows. Fruit subglobose, indehiscent, 3-celled. 
 Seeds angular ; testa hard, shining ; hile large ; albumen fleshy ; aril 0. 
 Embryo straight. — Distrib. A genus of a few species widely dispersed. 
 
 1. T. pomifera, DC. Prodr. ii. 3 ; leaflets 3-9 elliptic oblong or ovate 
 acuminate, primary branches of the panicles opposite. Wall. Cat. 4276. 
 
Turpinia,] XLiv. sapindace^. (W. P. Hiern.) 699 
 
 Dalrympelia pomifera, Boxh. ffort. Beng. 17 ; Cor. PI. t. 299 ; Fl. Ind. i. 
 633. T. nepalensis, Wall. Cat. 4.^11 ; W. (^ A. Frodr. 156 ; Wight Ic. t. 972 ; 
 JBedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 159 ; Thwaites Enum. 71. T. microcarpa, W. <& A. Frodr. 
 156. T. martabanica. Wall. Cat. 4278. T. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 4939. Cana- 
 rium Sajiga, Ham. ex W. (& A. Frodr. l75.^Wall. Cat. 8104. 
 
 Eastern Subtropical Himalaya, from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 2-7000 ft. ; the 
 Khasia Mts.; Assam, Silhet, Cachar, Chittagong, Birma to Penang. Western 
 Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. Ceylon. — Distrib. Yunan, China, &c. 
 
 A leafy tree, sometimes large, occasionally only a shrub; foliage like that of Bischoffia 
 javanica, Blume. Leaves 5-20 in. long ; stipules interpetiolar, triangular, caducous ; 
 leaflets 2J-8 hy 1-3 in. ; petiolules of the lateral ones short, of the terminal ones ranging 
 up to 2 in. ; stipels lanceolate-subulate, caducous. Fruit ^-2 in. diam., purplish, red, 
 yellow or green. — There are two well marked forms of this species, connected, however, 
 by intermediate ones; a. leaflets more oblong, branches of the corymbose panicle rather 
 stout, flowers yellowish ^ in. diam,, petals not ciliate, ovules about 8 together, fruit very 
 fleshy large ; (3. {T. nepalensis) leaflets more ovate, branches of the depresso-pyramidal 
 panicle less stout, flowers white ^V in. diam., petals shortly ciliate, ovules 2-3 together, 
 fruit small nearly dry. The synonymy for the extra-Indian forms is not given. 
 
 •* 
 
-01 
 
 INDEX OF GENEEA, SPECIES AND STNONTTMS. 
 
 The Synonyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Italics, 
 
 Page 
 
 AhelmoscJius angulosus, 
 
 W.&A. . . .341 
 
 crinitus, Wall. . . 342 
 
 esculentus, W. &A. . 343 
 
 Jiculneus, W. & A. . 340 
 
 moschatus, Mcench. . 342 
 
 racemosus, Wall. . .342 
 
 rugosus, W. & A, .342 
 
 tetraphylliis, Grab. . 341 
 
 Warreemis, Dalz. . 341 
 
 Aberia, Hochat. . . 195 
 
 Gardner!, Clos. . .195 
 
 Abroma, Jacq. . . .375 
 
 angulata, Lamk. . 375 
 
 augusta, Linn. . . 375 
 
 fastuosum, Gaertn, . 375 
 
 Wheeleri, Retz. . . 375 
 
 Abutilon, Ocertn. . . 325 
 
 albidum, Webb. & 
 
 Berth 328 
 
 asiaticum, G. Don . 326 
 asiaticum, W.&A. 326 
 au7itum{Sida)Wa.\\. 328 
 Avicennse, Qosrtn. . 327 
 bideutatum, Hochst. 326 
 crispum, G.Don . 327 
 fruticosum, Guill. ffc 
 
 Perr 328 
 
 glaucum, Don . . 327 
 graveolens, W.&A. 327 
 Urtum, W. & A. .327 
 indicum, G. Don . 326 
 Leschenaultianum, 
 
 Don 325 
 
 microphyllum,A.l^ich.. 328 
 muticura, G. Don . 327 
 neilgberrense, Munro 328 
 periplocifolium, G. 
 
 Don 325 
 
 polyandrum, Schlecht 325 
 populifolium, G.Don 326 
 ramosum, Guill. «fe 
 Perr 328 
 
 Page 
 sidoidesy Dalz. & 
 
 Giba 328 
 
 tomentosum, W. & A. 327 
 Acanthophyllum, O. A. 
 
 Mey 216 
 
 macrodon, Edgw. . 216 
 Acer, Tournef. . . .692 
 acuminatum, Wall... 695 
 Buzirapala, Ham. . 693 
 csesium, Wall. . . 695 
 Campbellii, H. f. <fc 
 
 T 696 
 
 caudatum, Wall. . 695 
 colchicum, Hort. . 696 
 cultratum, Wall. . 696 
 Hookeri, Miq. . . 694 
 isolobum, Kuo-z . . 694 
 javanicum, Jungh. . 693 
 Icetum, C. A. Mey. . 696 
 IcBvigatum, Wall. . 693 
 laurifolium, D. Don 693 
 laurinum, Hassk. . 693 
 Mono, Maxim. . .696 
 niveum, Bl. . . . 693 
 oblongum, Wall. . 693 
 pectinatum, Wall. . 695 
 pentapomicum, J. L. 
 
 Stew 694 
 
 pictumj Thunh. . . 696 
 platanifolia, Griff. . 695 
 sikkimense, Miq. . 694 
 Btachyophyllum, 
 
 ffiern . . . .694 
 sterculiaceum, Wall. 695 
 sterculiaceum. Griff. 696 
 Thomsoni, Miq. . . 695 
 truncatum. Bunge . 696 
 villosum, Wall. . . 695 
 A chyranthes corym- 
 
 bosa, Linn. . . 245 
 
 Aconitum, IA7in. . . 27 
 
 Atees, Royle ... 29 
 
 cordatum, Royle . . 29 
 
 Page 
 
 dissectum, Don . . 29 
 
 ferox, Wall. ... 28 
 
 ferox, Wall. ... 29 
 
 heterophyllum, Wall. 29 
 
 l(xve, Royle , , . 28 
 
 Icthale, Griff, ... 28 
 
 luridum, IT.f. dc T. 28 
 
 Lycoctonum, Linn. . 28 
 
 multifidum, Royle . 29 
 
 Napellus, Linn. . . 28 
 oliganthemum,KemeT 29 
 
 palmatura, Don . 28 
 rotandifolium, Kar 
 
 &Kir 29 
 
 Tianschanicum, Ost. 
 
 &Rupr. ... 29 
 
 uncinatum, Linn. . 28 
 'variegatum, H. f. 
 
 & T 28 
 
 virosum, Don . . 28 
 
 Acosmia rupestris, , 
 
 Benth 217 
 
 Acronodia punctata, 
 
 Bl 408 
 
 Acronychia, Forst. . . 498 
 laurifolia, Bl. . .498 
 
 peduncidata, Miq. . 498 
 
 Porteri, H. f. . . 498 
 
 Acrotrema, Jack. . . 32 
 
 Arnottianura, Wight 32 
 
 bullatum, Thw. . . 33 
 
 costatum, Jack. . 32 
 
 costatum, Wall. . . 32 
 
 dissectum, Thw. . 34 
 
 Gardneri, Thw. . . 33 
 
 intermedium, Thv. . 33 
 
 lanceolatum, ZToo^. . 33 
 
 lyratura, Thw. . . 34 
 
 sylvaticum, Thw. . 33 
 
 Thwaite3ii,7/./.dfcr. 34 
 
 uniflorum, Hook. . 33 
 
 Walkeri. Wight . . 33 
 
 Wightianum, W. & A. 32 
 
702 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 Wightianum, Wall. 32 
 
 Actsea, Linn. . . .29 
 acuminata, Wall. . 29 
 cimidfuga, Linn. . 30 
 frigida, Royle . . 30 
 spicata, Linn. . . 29 
 
 Aciinidia, Lindl. . . 285 
 callosa, Lindl. . . 286 
 Kolomitka, Eupr. . 286 
 strigosa, Hook. . ,286 
 
 Adausonia, Linn. . .348 
 digitata, Linn. . .348 
 
 Adenostemma glandu- 
 losum, Benth. . .242 
 
 Adinandra, Jack. . . 281 
 acuminata, Korth. . 282 
 creuulata, T. And. . 283 
 cyrtopoda, Miq. . . 282 
 dasi/antha, Cbois. . 282 
 dumosa, Jack. . . 282 
 glaLra, Miq. . . .282 
 Griffithii, Dyer . . 282 
 integerrima, T. And. 282 
 Jackiana, Korth. . 282 
 lasiopetala, t'hois. . 283 
 maculosa, T. And. . 282 
 stylosa, Miq. . . .282 
 trichocoryna, Korth. 282 
 \ilIosa, Chois. . .283 
 
 Adonis, Linn. . . .15 
 festivalis, Linn. . . 15 
 chrysocyathua, H. f. 
 
 6:T 15 
 
 Inglisii, Royle . . 16 
 marginata, Bieneii; . 15 
 pyrenaicttf H. f. 
 
 &T 15 
 
 scrobiculata, ^oiaa. . 15 
 
 ^gle, Corr 516 
 
 Marmelos, Corr. . .516 
 
 iEsculus, Linn. . . . 675 
 asamicus, Griff. . .675 
 Hippocastanum, | 
 
 Linn 675 \ 
 
 indica, Colehr. . . 675 : 
 punduana, Wall. . 675 | 
 
 Aglaia, Lour. . . . 554 
 i. andamanica, Eiem 555 i 
 apiocarpa, Iliern .555 
 chittagovga, Miq. . 560 ' 
 cordata, Ilicryi . . 557 
 crassiuervia, Kurz . 556 
 ? decandra, Wall. . 562 
 Dookoo, Griff. . . 558 | 
 edulis, A. Or. . . 556 [ 
 glabriflora, Hiern . 555 j 
 grata, Wall. . . . 555 
 khasiana, Eiem . 554 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 lepidota, Miq. . . 
 
 555 
 
 Roxburghii, H. f. . 
 
 186 
 
 midnaporensis, Carey 
 
 555 
 
 virgata, Thw. . , 
 
 189 
 
 minutifloi-a, Bedd. . 
 
 557 
 
 Wallichiana,//./. .fcr. 187 
 
 odorata, Lour. 
 
 554 
 
 zeylanica, Ihw. . . 
 
 18T 
 
 palembanica, Miq. . 
 
 557 
 
 Alsodeie^ .... 
 
 182 
 
 pentaphylla, Kurz . 
 
 554 
 
 Althaea, Linn. . . . 
 
 319 
 
 perviridis, Iliern . 
 
 556 
 
 chinensis, Wall. . . 
 
 319 
 
 polyantha, Bedd. . 
 
 557 
 
 coromandelina, Cav. 
 
 319 
 
 "i polystachya, Wall. 
 
 559 
 
 Ludwigii, Linn. . . 
 
 319 
 
 Roxburghiana, Miq. 
 
 555 
 
 oflBcinalis, Linn. 
 
 319 
 
 sexipetala, Griff 
 
 556 
 
 rosea, Linn. . . . 
 
 319 
 
 Sippannas, Miq. 
 
 .';57 
 
 Taurincnsis, DC. . 
 
 319 
 
 Spanoghei, Bl. . . 
 
 5.';5 
 
 Alyssine^ .... 
 
 129 
 
 spectabilia, Ilort. Calc. 
 
 561 
 
 Alyssum, Linn. . . 
 
 141 
 
 tenuicaulis, Hiern . 
 
 556 
 
 canescens, DC. . . 
 
 141 
 
 tomentoaa, Teysni. & 
 
 
 maritimum, Linn. . 
 
 141 
 
 Biunend. . . . 
 
 657 
 
 minimum, Willd. . 
 
 141 
 
 Wallichii, Hiern . 
 
 655 
 
 tenuifolium. DC. , 
 
 141 
 
 Agrostemma injUita, 
 
 
 cochlearioidcs . . 
 
 146 
 
 Don 
 
 225 
 
 Alytostylti parvifiora. 
 
 
 Ailantus, Desf. . . . 
 
 JIs 
 
 Griff .... 
 
 409 
 
 excelsa, Iio.cb. . . 
 
 618 
 
 Amoora, Jioccb. . 
 
 559 
 
 glandulosa, I>esf. . 
 
 518 
 
 1 auricidata, Miq. . 
 
 560 
 
 nialabarica, 1)0. 
 
 518 
 
 canaraua, Benth. 
 
 
 A lima ? cristatum, Wall 
 
 .651 
 
 dH.f . . . 
 
 560 
 
 AUopkyllus lanatuSj 
 
 
 ? Cliampionii, Benth 
 
 
 Roxb 
 
 674 
 
 diH.f. . . . 
 
 662 
 
 ornitruphioides, Rox. 
 
 674 
 
 chittagonga, Hiern . 
 
 569 
 
 tematus, Lour. . , 
 
 674 
 
 cucullata, Roxb. . . 
 
 560 
 
 Allophylus, Linn. . . 
 
 673 
 
 decandra, Hiern 
 
 562 
 
 Cobbe. Bl. . . . 
 
 673 
 
 lanceolata, Hiern 
 
 560 
 
 piiinatus, Roxb. , 
 
 674 
 
 Lawii, Benth. . . 
 
 561 
 
 zeylanicus, Linn. . 
 
 673 
 
 macrophylla, Nimmo 
 
 569 
 
 Alpbousea, H.f. d- T. . 
 
 88 
 
 Maingayi, Hiern 
 
 562 
 
 elliptica, H.f. it- T. . 
 
 90 
 
 Rohituka, W.d'A. 
 
 559 
 
 lutea, H.f. .t- T. . 
 
 89 
 
 rubescens, Hiern 
 
 561 
 
 madraspatana, Bedd. 
 
 89 
 
 rubiginosa, Griff. . 
 
 561 
 
 Maingayi, H.f<L'T. 
 
 90 
 
 spectabilis, Mtq. 
 
 661 
 
 sclerocarpa, T/iw. 
 
 89 
 
 AMPELIDEiE .... 
 
 644 
 
 ventricosa, H.f. A: T. 
 
 89 
 
 Amjielopsis himalayana, 
 
 zeylanica, H.f ds T, 
 
 89 
 
 Royle .... 
 
 Q5Q 
 
 AUinc Meyeri^ Boiss. . 
 
 236 
 
 nei/ghcTrensis,\\]g,ht 
 
 Q5Q 
 
 Roylei, Fenzl . . 
 
 236 
 
 ? ternata, DC. . . 
 
 660 
 
 Alsinejb 
 
 213 
 
 Amyris acuminata^ 
 
 
 AUinella Wallichiana, 
 
 
 Roxb. .... 
 
 530 
 
 Benth 
 
 230 
 
 ? Agallocha, Roxb. . 
 
 529 
 
 Alsodeia, Thouars. . . 
 
 186 
 
 Commiphora, Roxb. 
 
 529 
 
 bengalensis, Wall. . 
 
 186 
 
 dentata, Willd. . . 
 
 506 
 
 Brnwnii, Korth. . . 
 
 187 
 
 gileadensis, Roxb. . 
 
 530 
 
 dasycaula, .Miq. . 
 
 188 
 
 h'eptaphylla, Roxb. 
 
 504 
 
 echiriocarpa, Korth. . 
 
 188 
 
 pentaphylla, Roxb, . 
 
 504 
 
 Griffithii, H. f & T. 
 
 187 
 
 punctata, Roxb. . . 
 
 505 
 
 lanceolata, Wall. 
 
 188 
 
 simplicifolia, Roxb. 
 
 613 
 
 macrophylla, Don . 
 
 187 
 
 suffruticosa, Roxb. . 
 
 606 
 
 Maingayi, //./.^-r. 
 
 188 
 
 aumatrana, Roxb. . 
 
 605 
 
 mollis, //. /. d- T. . 
 
 188 
 
 zeylanica, Retz. . 
 
 632 
 
 obtusa, Korth. . . 
 
 187 
 
 Anacolosa, Bl. . . . 
 
 680 
 
 racemosa, H. f. d- T. 
 
 187 
 
 densiflora, Bedd. 
 
 580 
 
703 
 
 Page 
 
 Griffithii. Mast. . .580 
 
 ? heptaudra,i>/ai»g'. 581 
 
 ilicoides, Mast, . .580 
 
 ' Maingayi, Maat. . 580 
 
 puberal a, Kii^rz . 581 
 
 Anamirta, Colebr. . . 98 
 
 Cocculus, W.&A.. 98 
 
 flavescens, Miers . 98 
 
 paniculata, Colebr. . 98 
 
 toxifera, Miers . . 98 
 
 Anaxagorea, St. Hil. . 68 
 
 javanica, Bl. . . 68 
 
 luzonensis, A. Gr. . 68 
 
 zeykwioa, H.f.&. T. 68 
 
 Ancistrocladus, Wall. . 299 
 
 attenuatus, Dyer. , 300 
 
 extensus, Wall. . .299 
 
 extensus. Wall. ? . 300 
 
 Griffithii, Planch. .300 
 
 Heyneanus, Wall. . 299 
 
 pinangianus, Wall . 300 
 
 sagittatus, WM- • 300 
 
 Uaglttatus, Wall. . 526 
 
 stelUgerus, Wall. . 300 
 
 Vahlii, Am. . . .299 
 
 Wallichii, Planch. . 300 
 
 Ancistrolobus glauces- 
 
 cens, Turcz. , .258 
 Andersonia cucullata, 
 
 Roxb 560 
 
 Rohitoca^ Griff, . .559 
 Rohituka, Roxb. . 559 
 Anemone, Linn. . . 7 
 albana, Stev. ... 7 
 biliora, DO. . , . 7 
 cw?'to, Wall. ... 2 
 cynosurus, Griff. . 16 
 demissa, ^. /. t& :r. 9 
 discolor, Royle . . 8 
 duhia, Wall. . . 9 
 elongata, i)o?i . . 10 
 Falconeri, Thorns. . 8 
 geraniifolia, Wall, . 9 
 Gortschakowii, Kar. 
 
 &Kir 7 
 
 Govaniana, Wall. . 8 
 Govaniana, Royle . 9 
 Griffithii, IT. /, S T. 8 
 hispida, Wall. . . 9 
 longiscapa, Wall. . 9 
 micrantha^ Elotzsch 8 
 mollis, Wail. ... 8 
 narcissiflora, Linn. . 10 
 obtusiloba, Z'on . 8 
 polyanthes, Don . 9 
 rivularis, Ilain. . . 9 
 rivularis, Wall. . . 10 
 rupestris, Wall. . 9 
 
 Page 
 
 rupicola, Camb. . . 8 
 
 scaposa, Edgw. . . 9 
 
 tetrasepala, Royle . 10 
 
 trullifolia,Zr./. cfcr. 9 
 
 villosa, Royle . . 9 
 
 vititblia, Ham. . . 8 
 
 Wallichiana, Royle 7 
 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 9 
 
 ANEMONEiB .... 1 
 
 Auisadenia, Wall. . .412 
 Khasyana, Griff. .412 
 pubescens, Griff. . 413 
 saxatilis, W^a^^. . .412 
 
 Anisoptera, Korth. . . 300 
 glabra, Kurz . . 301 
 oblonga, Dyer . .301 
 odorata, Kurz . .301 
 
 Anneslea, Wall. . .280 
 crassipes, Hook. . .280 
 fragrans, Wall. . .280 
 
 Anneslia spinosa, 
 
 Roxb 115 
 
 Anomosanthes deficiens, 
 
 Bl 671 
 
 Anoda, Oav. . . .321 
 hastata, Linn. . . 321 
 
 Anona, Linn. ... 78 
 reticulata, Linn. . 78 
 squamosa, Linn. . . 78 
 
 Anonach.e .... 45 
 
 Anquetilia Laureola, 
 
 Dene 499 
 
 Antkeeischima excelsa, 
 
 Korth 291 
 
 Antichorus depressus, 
 
 Linn 398 
 
 Anti taxis, Miers . .106 
 fasciculata, Miers . 106 
 
 Aporetica ternata, J.R. 
 
 & G. Forst. . . 674 
 
 Apodytes, E. Mey. . . 5S7 
 Andaraanica, Kurz . 588 
 Beddomei, Mast. . 588 
 Benthamiana, Wight 588 
 Gardneriana, Miers . 588 
 
 Apteron, Kw^ . . .643 
 lanceolatum, Kurz . 643 
 
 Aquilegia, lAnn. . , 23 
 alpina, Linn. . . 24 
 fragrans, Benth. . 24 
 glandulosa, Fisch. . 24 
 glauca, Lindl. . . 24 
 jucmida, Fisch. & 
 
 Mey 24 
 
 Kanawarensis,Ga,mh. 24 
 Moorcroftiana,WsM. 24 
 Olympica, Boiss. . 24 
 pubifiora, WaU. . . 24 
 
 Page 
 pyrenaica, DC. . . 24 
 viscosa, Gouan . . 24 
 vulgaris, Linn. . . 24 
 vulgaris, DC, . . 24 
 Aquilicia ottilis, Gaertn. 667 
 sanibucina, Linn. . 667 
 ARABIDEiG .... 128 
 Arabis, Linn. . , .135 
 alhida, Stev. . .136 
 alpina, Linn. . . .135 
 a,\x\^\e:dc2kn\\s,,Edgw. 136 
 Aucheri, Boiss, . . 135 
 auricnlata, Za/7i^. , 135 
 glabra, Crantz . .135 
 glandulosa, Kar <fc 
 
 Kir. . ... 136 
 incanescens, Munro . 140 
 Ueptocarpa, WalL . 149 
 Montbrctiana, Boiss. 135 
 nuda, B. Lang. . .137 
 perfoliata, Lamk, . 135 
 pterosperma, Edgw, . 136 
 scapigera, Boiss. . 137 
 taraxacifolia, A nders ,136 
 Thaliana, Linn. . ,148 
 Thomsoni, H. f, , . 136 
 tibetica, ff. f. dh T. 136 
 Araliacea? Kleinii, 
 
 W. & A. . . 593 
 Archytaea, Mart. . .293 
 Vahlii, Chois. . .294 
 Arenaria, Linn. . . . 235 
 Beuthami, Edgio. . 242 
 ciliolata, Edgw. . . 240 
 debilis, H. f. . . 242 
 densissima, Wall. , 239 
 festucoides, Benth. . 236 
 flaccida, Roxb. . . 243 
 foliosa, Royle . . . 236 
 glanduligera, Edgw. 240 
 globiflora, Wall. . 238 
 Griffithii, i?oz5s.. . 237 
 holosteoides, Edgw. . 241 
 Umbricata, M, Bieb. 237 
 juniperina, Fenzl . 236 
 Kashmerica, Edgw. 236 
 melandryoides,^'d!^w. 241 
 Meyeri, Boiss. . . 236 
 monticola, Edgw. . 238 
 muscifurmis, Wall. . 237 
 neelgerrensis, W.(i:A . 239 
 orbiculata, Royle . 240 
 oreophila, If.f.. . 238 
 polytrichoideSj^f/^w. 237 
 pulvinata, Edgw. . 238 
 rofu7idifolia,M.Bieh. 240 
 rubra, Linn, . . . 244 
 rupicola, Fenzl . . 243 
 
704 
 
 INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 serpy Hi folia, Linn, i 239 
 Stracheyi, Edgw. .240 
 tenera, Edgw. . .242 
 trichotoma, Royle 
 
 ms8 235 
 
 Wallichiana, Se- 
 ringe .... 239 
 Argemone, Linn . . .117 
 mexicana, Linn. . 117 
 Aristega laevifolia, 
 
 Miera . . . .101 
 Artabotrys, Br. . . 53 
 burmanicus, J. i?(7. 55 
 caudatus, Wall. . . 65 
 crassifolius.^./.dtr. 54 
 hamatus, Bl. . . 54 
 Kurzii, H.f.&T.. 54 
 Maingayi, i^. /. cfc r. 55 
 malayana, Oriff. . 83 
 odoratissimus, Br. . 64 
 pleurocarpua, Maing. 64 
 speciosus, K%i.rz , 55 
 suaveolens, Bl. . . 65 
 zeylanicus, H.f.&T. 54 
 Arthromi8chua a/rma- 
 
 tus, Thw. . . .611 
 Arytera ? macrocarpa, 
 
 Miq. .... 628 
 Ascyrum, Linn. . . 252 
 filicaule, Dyer . . 252 
 Aspidocarya, II. f. & T. 95 
 uvifera, H.f. Je T. . 95 
 Aspidopterys, Jms. . 419 
 canarensis, Dalz. . 420 
 concava, jii^s. 420, 422 
 cordata, Juss. . .421 
 glabriuscula, Jnaa. . 420 
 glomerata, Wight . 420 
 hirsuta, Jicss. . .421 
 lanuginosa, Juss. .421 
 nutans, /T./. . . .421 
 nutans, Juss. . . . 421 
 oxyphylla, Juss. . . 420 
 rotimdifolia, Juss. . 421 
 Roxburghiana, Juss. 420 
 Roxburghiana, Juss. 421 
 tomentosa, Juss. . .422 
 Wallichii, ff.f. . .421 
 Astroqyne coriacea. 
 
 Wall 629 
 
 Atelauthera, H.f. di T. 133 
 perpusilla, £f./. cfc r. 133 
 Atalantia, Corr. . .511 
 ? bilocularis, Wall. .514 
 ? bilocularis, Wall. . 508 
 biixifolia, Oliv. . . 508 
 capitellata, Lindl. . 512 
 carissoides, Wall. , 512 
 
 Page 
 caudata, IT. f. . .513 
 ceylanica, Oliv. . .512 
 Jloribunda, Wight . 512 
 missionis, Oliv. . .513 
 moDophylla, Corr. . 511 
 platystigma, Wight . 512 
 racemosa, \V.<bA. . 512 
 Roxburghiana, H.f. 513 
 Roxburgkian<t, Oliv. 513 
 
 Atragene zeylanica, 
 
 Linn 7 
 
 Alrategia, Bedd. . . 74 
 Tkonsonl, Bedd. . 75 
 
 AURANTIEiB .... 484 
 
 Averrhoa, Linn. . . 439 
 Bilimbi, Linn. . . 439 
 Carambola, Linn. . 439 
 
 Azadirachta indica, 
 
 Juss 544 
 
 Azama acuminata, 
 
 Alef. . . . .345 
 Lampas, Alef. . .345 
 
 Balanites; 2>gZ. . . .522 
 cegyptiaca, Wall. . 522 
 Roxburghii, Planch. 522 
 
 Balanopteris minor, 
 
 Qiertn 363 
 
 Tothila, Gajrtn. . .363 
 
 Balsamina chinensis, 
 
 DC 444 
 
 coccinea, DC. . . 454 
 cornxUa, DC. . . 454 
 fasciculata, DC. . 444 
 hortcnsis, DC. . . 454 
 latifolia, DC. . .450 
 Leschenaultii, DC. .451 
 mi?ior, DC. . . .446 
 mysorensis, DC. . .450 
 oppositifolia, DC. .448 
 rosmar in i folia, DC. 443 
 
 Balsamink^ . . , 427 
 
 Balsaraodeudron, Kth. 529 
 Berryi, Am. . . .529 
 Oileadense, DC. . . 630 
 Mukul, ZTooifc. . 529 
 pubescens, Stocks . 519 
 Roxburghii, Am. . 529 
 lio.cbarf/hii, Stocks . 529 
 ? Wightii, Arn. . .529 
 
 Balsamodendrum ? zey- 
 
 lanicum, Kth. . '532 
 
 Bamia angidosa. Wall. 341 
 cancellata. Wall. . 342 
 crinifa, Wall. . .342 
 fusiformis, Wall. . 342 
 magnijica, Wall. . 342 
 pungens, Wall. . .341 
 
 VAge 
 rugosa, Wall. . .342 
 tetraphylla, Wall. , 341 
 Banister ia bengalensis, 
 
 Linn 418 
 
 tetraptera, Sonn. . 418 
 
 unicapsularisjltsmk. 418 
 
 Barbarea, ^r. . . .134 
 
 arcuata, Reichb, . 134 
 
 elata, ff. f.dkT. . 135 
 
 Iberica, DC. . . .134 
 
 intermedia, Boreau . 134 
 
 prcecox, Fries . .134 
 
 vulgaris, Br. . .134 
 
 Barclaya, Wall. . .115 
 
 longifolia, Wall. . 115 
 
 Bateriuni validum, 
 
 Miers 106 
 
 Beddomea, H.f. . . 666 
 indica, ff. f. . . . 566 
 simplicifolia, Bedd. . 566 
 Bbrbbre.« . .- . . 107 
 Bbbbkridea . . . 107 
 Berberis, Linji. . , .108 
 acanthifolia, Wall. . 109 
 (Bin ens is, Presl. . .109 
 ajinis, Don . . .110 
 angulosa, Wall. . .111 
 angasdfolia, Roxb. . 110 
 aristata, DC. . .110 
 aristata, DC. . .110 
 asiatica, Ro.xb. . .110 
 asiatica. Griff. . .111 
 atroriridis. Wall. . Ill 
 Bealii, Hort. . .109 
 brachybotrys, Edgw. 109 
 ceratophylla, Don . 110 
 chilria, Ham. . .110 
 concinna, H.f.. . Ill 
 coriaria, Royle . .110 
 cratmgina, DC. . .109 
 crctica, Linn. . . 109 
 emarginata, Willd. . 109 
 Jloribunda, Wall. . 110 
 heteropoda, Schrenck 109 
 hypoleuca, Lindl. . 110 
 insignis, H.f. & T. Ill 
 Kunaioarensis, Roy. 109 
 Leschenaullii, Wall. 109 
 Lycium, Royle . .110 
 macrosepala, H.f. . Ill 
 miccia, Ham. . .109 
 nepalensis, Spr. . . 109 
 petiolaris. Wall. . .110 
 sphcerocarpus, Kar 
 
 & Kir 109 
 
 Tkunbergii, DC. . . 109 
 tinctoria, Lesch. . 110 
 turcomaniece, Kar . 109 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 705 
 
 Page 
 ulicina, E. f. & T. . Ill 
 urn bell ata, Wall. .110 
 umbdlata, Lindl, . 110 
 vulgaris. Linn. . .109 
 Wallichiana, DC. .110 
 Wallichiana.'DG. .111 
 
 Bercoemia^ Neck. . . 637 
 calophylla, Gr. Don . 636 
 Edgworthii, Law. . 638 
 flavescens, Wail. . 637 
 floribunda, Wall. . 637 
 ? hamosa, Wall. . 641 
 la:ea, Wall. . . .637 
 lineata. DC. . . .638 
 ? oppositifolia^Wsill. 641 
 1 paiTiflora, Wall. . 641 
 ? Poiretiana, DC. , 638 
 polyphylla, Wall. . 638 
 
 Beryera integerrima, 
 
 Roxb. . . 501, 502 
 Kcenigii. Liun. . . 503 
 nitid'a, Thw. . . . 505 
 vUlosa, Wall. . . 502 
 
 Bergia, Linn. . . .251 
 sestivosa, W. & A. . 251 
 ammannioides,72o^6. 251 
 aquatica, Roxb. . . 252 
 capensis, Linn. . .252 
 odorata, Edgto. . .251 
 penfanclra, Gruill. & 
 
 Perr 251 
 
 suffruticosa, Fenzl . 251 
 trimera, Fisch.&Mey. 252 
 verticillata, Willd. . 252 
 
 Berrya, Rnxh. . . .383 
 Ammonilla, Roxb. . 3S3 
 mollis, Wall. . . 383 
 
 Biebersteinia, Stephan. 427 
 emodi, Ja lib. fi'Spach 427 
 odora, Royle . . . 427 
 
 Binnendylcia tricho- 
 stylis. Kurz. . . 379 
 
 Biophytura, DC. . . 436 
 adiantoides, Wight 437 
 Apodiscias, Turcz. . 437 
 Candolleanum, 
 
 Wight . . . .437 
 Cumi ngia /?- wm, T urcz . 4 3 7 
 intermedium, Wight 438 
 nervifolium, Thw. . 437 
 nudum, Am. . . 438 
 polyphyllum, Miinro 439 
 poterioides, Edgw. . 437 
 proliferum, Arn. . 438 
 Reinwardtii, Walp. 437 
 sensitivum, i)(7. . .436 
 
 Page 
 
 sesbaninides, Edgw. 437 
 verticillatum, Wight 439 
 
 Bixa, Linn 190 
 
 Orellana, Linn. . .190 
 
 BixK^ 189 
 
 BixiNE^ 189 
 
 Bocagea, ,S'^. Hil. . . 92 
 coriacea, H. f. tfc T. 93 
 Dalzellii, H. f. & T. 92 
 eliiptica, H.f. & T. 92 
 obliqua, R. f.&T.. 93 
 Thwaitesii, H.f.d: T. 92 
 
 Bcennioghausenia, 
 
 Reichb. .... 486 
 albiflora, Reichb. . 486 
 
 BOMBACE^ . . . .318 
 
 Bombax, Linn. . . .349 
 Ceiba, Burm. . . 349 
 gosaypiuin, Linn. . 190 
 heptapjhylla, Cav. . 349 
 insigne, Wall. . . 349 
 malabaricum, DC. . 349 
 orientale, Spr. . .350 
 pentandrum, Linn. . 350 
 
 BoNNETIE-E .... 280 
 
 Bosohia, Korth. . .351 
 G-riffithii, Mast. . .352 
 
 Boswellia, Roxb. . . 627 
 glabra, Roxb. . . 628 
 serrata, Roxh. . . 528 
 thurifera, R>xb. . 528 
 
 Boyniia glabrifolia. 
 
 Champ 490 
 
 rut (Scarpa, Juss. . 490 
 
 Brachystemma, Don . 235 
 calycinum, Don . 235 
 
 Brasenia, Schreb. . .113 
 peltata, Pu,rsh. . .113 
 
 Brassica, Linn. . . .155 
 alba, H. f.ib T. .157 
 
 ' arvensis, Linn. . . 158 
 carapestris, Linn. . 156 
 Ertica, Linn. . . . 158 
 erucoides, Roxb. . 158 
 foliosa, Willd. . . 167 
 GHffitkii. H. f. & T. 157 
 juucea, H. f. d; T. .157 
 Nap us, Linn. . .156 
 nigra, Koch . . .156 
 quadrivalviSj^./.c&r. 158 
 Rapa, Linn. . . . 156 
 Stockdi, H. f. & T. 156 
 Tournefortii, Gouan 156 
 trilocularis. H.f.&T. 156 
 Willdenovii, Boiss. 157 
 
 Brassice^ .... 129 
 
 Page 
 
 Braya, Sternb. ds Hoppe 155 
 alpina, Sternb. & 
 
 Hoppe .... 155 
 ? oxycarpa, H.f.-tT. 155 
 rosea, Bvunge . . . 155 
 Thomsoni, II f.&T. 155 
 tibetica, H.f. & T. . 155 
 uniflora, H.f. & T. 155 
 
 Brewstera crenata, 
 
 Roem 416 
 
 Brindonia indica, 
 
 Thouars ... 261 
 
 Brotera ovata, Cav. . 372 
 bracteosa, Guill. & 
 Perr 373 
 
 Brownlowia, Roxb. . 381 
 elata, Roxb. . . .381 
 lanceolata, Benth. . 381 
 
 BRo^yNLOwrE^. . . 380 
 
 Brucea, Mill. . . .520 
 dubia, Sfcend. . . 520 
 mollis, Wall. . .521 
 sumatrana, Roxb. . 521 
 
 Bryomorpha rupifraga, 
 Ear. & Kir. . . 243 
 
 Buborna tomentosa, 
 
 Spreng. . . . 375 
 
 Buchanania spicata, 
 
 Hb. Roxb. . . .559 
 
 Buettneria, Linn. . .376 
 andamarieusis, Kurz 377 
 aspera, Colebr. . .377 
 catalpifolia, Wall. . 376 
 crenulata, Wall. . 376 
 echinata, Wall. . . 376 
 elliptiQ8', Mast. . . 377 
 grandifolia, DC. . 377 
 herbacea, Roxb. . .376 
 hypoleii/ea, Turcz. . 378 
 Jackiana, Wall. . 376 
 Maingayi, Mast. . 377 
 nepalensis, Turcz. . 377 
 pilosa, Roxb. . . .377 
 polyacantha. Wall. . 376 
 uncinata, Mast. . . 377 
 velutina, Wall . . 377 
 
 BUETTNERIE^ . . .354 
 
 Bursera, Li.m. . . . 530 
 *serrata, Wall. . . 630 
 serrata, Wall. . . 508 
 
 BURSERAOE.E. . . , 527 
 
 Cabombe^ .... 113 
 
 Cadaba, Forsh. . . .172 
 
 did)ia, DC. ... 173 
 
 farinosa, Fonk. . . 173 
 
 * Incorrectly attributed to Colebroke at p. 630. 
 
 VOL. L 
 
 ZZ 
 
706 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 heterotricba. Stocks. 173 
 indica, Lamk. . . 172 
 trifoliata, W.<i; A. . 172 
 triphylla, Wight . 172 
 
 CAKILINEiE .... 130 
 
 Calathodes, H. f. cfc T. 22 
 palmata, i/'./. tl- r. 22 
 Callianthemum, G. A. 
 
 Mey. .... 14 
 cachemirianum. Cam. 14 
 Endlicheri, Walp. . 21 
 pimpinelloidcs, H.f. 
 
 & T 14 
 
 Calophvllum, Linn. . 271 
 amcsnum, Wall. . .272 
 angustifolium, Rosh. 276 
 hnncaivam, Miq. . . 272 
 Bintcujor, Roxb. .273 
 bracteatum, Thw. . 274 
 Bunnanni, Wight . 272 
 canum, H.f. . . .271 
 chinense, Walp. . . 270 
 cordato-oblongum, 
 
 r/m 275 
 
 cuneifolium, Thw. . 275 
 ci/mosutn, Miq. . .271 
 *decipi€n8, Wight . 274 
 decipievs, Thw. . . 275 
 elcUuni, Bedd. . . 274 
 floribundum, H.f. . 272 
 gracile, Miq. . . .271 
 Oinjiil/tu, T. Anders. 273 
 intiphyllmjn, Linn. . 273 
 loiujifoliitm, Wight 270 
 iua<Jioparpum, If. f. 273 
 ?margiuatura, Wall. 27t) 
 messiw folium. Wall. 27^ 
 micrtji)hylluni, T. 
 
 Aiulers 272 
 
 Moonii, Wight . .271 
 pisiferam, Planch & 
 
 Tr 272 
 
 plicipes, Miq. . .272 
 polyanthuin, Wall. 274 
 pulcherrimurn, Wall. 271 
 retusum, fVa/^. . . 272 
 spectabile, Willd, . 271 
 gpurium Chois. . .274 
 Suriga, Buck. . .276 
 tetrapetalum, Roxb. 271, 
 
 273 
 Thwaitesii, Planch, cfc 
 
 2>. . , . . . 275 
 tomentosum, Wight . '^74 
 trapezif"liimi, TAw. 275 
 Walkeri, Wight . . 275 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Wallicbianom, 
 
 
 nitidum, A .W. Benn. 
 
 533 
 
 Planch, ds Tr. . . 
 
 273 
 
 parvifolium, A. W. 
 
 
 Wightianum, Wail. . 
 
 274 
 
 Benn 
 
 636 
 
 Caltba, Linn. . . . 
 
 21 
 
 pilosum, A. W.Benn. 
 
 533 
 
 o/ba, Jacq. . . . 
 
 21 
 
 purpuraacens, A. W. 
 
 
 Goraniana, Wall. . 
 
 21 
 
 Bmn 
 
 532 
 
 Himaltnns, Don 
 
 21 
 
 rubiginosum, A. W. 
 
 
 palustris, Zr/wn. . . 
 
 21 
 
 Benn 
 
 536 
 
 paniculatxr, Wall. . 
 
 21 
 
 rufum,^. ir. Benn. 
 
 533 
 
 scaposa, /i. / <L' T. . 
 
 21 
 
 Bajiga, Ham. . . . 
 
 6^9 
 
 Calysaccion longifo- 
 
 
 secundum, A, W. 
 
 
 Hum, Wight . . 
 
 270 
 
 Benn 
 
 532 
 
 giamense, Miq. . . 
 
 271 
 
 strictum, Roxb. .. 
 
 534 
 
 Camelina Caisir, Wall. 
 
 145 
 
 zeylaiiicum, Bl. . . 
 
 532 
 
 Camklimea . . . . 
 
 129 
 
 Cansjera, Juss. . . 
 
 582 
 
 Camellia, iytnn. . . 
 
 292 
 
 malabariea, Lamk. . 
 
 682 
 
 "i acuminata, Wall. . 
 
 290 
 
 martahanica. Wall. . 
 
 582 
 
 axillaris, Griff. . . 
 
 282 
 
 parvifolia, Kurz 
 
 583 
 
 caudata. Wall. . . 
 
 293 
 
 Rhealii, (imelin. 
 
 582 
 
 caudata, Griff. . . 
 
 293 
 
 scandcns, Eoxb. . 
 
 582 
 
 drupifera, Lour. . 
 
 293 
 
 dzy phi folia, Griff. . 
 
 582 
 
 japonina, Wall. . . 
 
 292 
 
 CAPPARKiK . . . . 
 
 168 
 
 A'emo, Don . . . 
 
 293 
 
 CaPPARIDE;E . . . 
 
 167 
 
 Kissi, Wall. . . . 
 
 293 
 
 Capparis, Linn. . . 
 
 173 
 
 Intescens, D>/er . . 
 
 293 
 
 acuminata, Willd. . 
 
 178 
 
 Masfersia, Griff. 
 
 293 
 
 acuminata, Roxb. . 
 
 174 
 
 oleifolia. Wall. . . 
 
 293 
 
 accuiiiinata, Willd. 
 
 
 fScottiuna, Wall. . 
 
 292 
 
 (Wall. Tat.) . . 
 
 178 
 
 IScottiaua, Chois. . 
 
 2b2 
 
 jEgyptiuca, Linn. . 
 
 173 
 
 simplicifolia, Griff. 
 
 293 
 
 apetAla, Rolh. . . 
 
 171 
 
 symplocifolia. Griff. 
 
 293 
 
 aphylla, Roth. . , 
 
 174 
 
 theifera, Grifi. . . 
 
 292 
 
 assamica, //. /. c£r T. 
 
 177 
 
 Camunium hcnga- 
 
 
 bispei-ma, Wight 
 
 176 
 
 tense, Hb. Ham. . 
 
 656 
 
 hisjierma, Roxb. 
 
 176 
 
 chinense, Rc.xb. . . 
 
 554 
 
 brerisinua, DC. . . 
 
 174 
 
 simnse, Rum ph. . . 
 
 554 
 
 ^ callosa, Rl. . . . 
 
 179 
 
 Canauga, Ramph. . . 
 
 56 
 
 cajrulea, Heyne . . 
 
 175 
 
 ? niuDoeperma, H. f. 
 
 
 conspicua, Witll. 
 
 179 
 
 ^T. . . . . 
 
 67 
 
 C(jrymbi)8a, Roxb. . 
 
 176 
 
 odorata, U. f. d; T. . 
 
 56 
 
 divaricata, Lamk. . 
 
 174 
 
 virgata, H.f. <i' T. . 
 
 57 
 
 dirarirata, Wall. . 
 
 175 
 
 Canariura, Linn. 
 
 531 
 
 diversifolia, W.<i:A. 
 
 175 
 
 balsa mi forum, M( >on 
 
 532 
 
 erythroda,sys. Miq. 
 
 178 
 
 bengalense, Ro.xb. 
 
 534 
 
 Finlaywjiiiana, Wt'U. 
 
 179 
 
 bninneiim, Bedd. . 
 
 531 
 
 Finlaytiovina, Wall. 
 
 179 
 
 coccineo- bracteatum, 
 
 
 flavicans, W(dl. . . 
 
 179 
 
 Kwrz. . ,. . . 
 
 536 
 
 floribunda, Wight . 
 
 177 
 
 commune, Linn. . , 
 
 531 
 
 fonnosa, Dalz. . . 
 
 174 
 
 eupbyllum, Kurz . 
 
 535 
 
 formosa, Wall. . . 
 
 178 
 
 grandiflorum, A. W. 
 
 
 galea ta, Fres. . . 
 
 173 
 
 Benn. . . .- . 
 
 533 
 
 glauca, Wall. 
 
 180 
 
 birtellum, A. W. 
 
 
 grandiflora, Wall. . 
 
 174 
 
 Benn 
 
 534 
 
 grandifi, Linn 
 
 176 
 
 Kadondon, A. W. B. 
 
 535 
 
 herbacea, Willd. . . 
 
 173 
 
 loivigatum, Miq. 
 
 538 
 
 heferoclita, Boxb. . 
 
 171 
 
 laxum, A. W. Benn. 
 
 535 
 
 Heyneana, Wall. . 
 
 174 
 
 Inadvertently quoted under C. Walkeri, p. 275. 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS 
 
 707 
 
 Page 
 horrida, Linn. f. . 178 
 incanescens, DC. . .177 
 leucophyllcifDC. .173 
 linifolia, Roxb. . .171 
 lougispina, i^./.tfcr.' 176 
 maliibarica, Wall. . 177 
 maximus, Roth. . .176 
 niicracantha, DC, . 179 
 molliuscula, Wall. . 180 
 Moonii, Wight . .175 
 multiflora, H.f.&T. 178 
 Murrayana, Grab. . 173 
 nepalensis, Wall. . 173 
 obova'a, Royle . .173 
 obovata, Ham. . . 176 
 olacifolia, H.f.&T. 178 
 oligandra, Griff. . l7.7 
 orbiculata, Wall. . 176 
 oxyphylla, Wall. . 179 
 parvitiora, H.f.dbT. 176 
 pedunculosa, Wall. . 176 
 pumila, Champ. . .177 
 punctata, Wall. . .177 
 pyrifolia, W. & A. . 174 
 quadriflora, DC. . 178 
 racemifera, DC. . 176 
 reticulata, Klein . 175 
 rHusella, Thw. . .177 
 Rheedii Rottb. . .174 
 rotundifolia, Rottb. 174 
 Roxburghii, DC. . 175 
 rupestris, Sibth. , .173 
 Babiaefolia, 5"./.<irr. 179 
 salaccensis, Bl. . .175 
 sepiaria, Linn. . .177 
 sepiaria, Wall. . .176 
 Sodada, Br. . . .175 
 spinosa, Linn. . .173 
 stylosa, DC. . . . 174 
 tenera Dalz. . . .179 
 tenuiflora, DC. . .178 
 tetrasperma, Thw. . 179 
 trifoliata, Roxb. . 172 
 trinervia, //. /. cfc r. 175 
 uncinata, Wall. . .179 
 variabilis, Wall. . .180 
 versicolor, Grif. . .175 
 Vuninea, H. / dk T. . 179 
 Wallichiana,\\.&A. 174 
 zeylaniea, Roxb. . .178 
 zeylanica, W. & A. . 178 
 zeylaniea, Z/twn. . . 174 
 Capsella, Moanch. . . 159 
 Bursa- pastoris, 
 
 Mcench. . . .159 
 elliptica, C. A. Mey. 159 
 procumbens, Boiss. . 159 
 Thomsoni, B.f.. .159 
 
 Page 
 Carapa, Aubl. ^ . .566. 
 indica, Juss. . . .667 
 njoluccensis, Lanik. . 567 
 obovata, Bl. . . .567 
 Cardainine, Linn. . .137 
 africana, Linn. . .137 
 anteniquana, DC. . 137 
 borbonica, Pers. . . 137 
 circjEoides, //. /. tfc r. 137 
 debilis, Don . . . 1:j8 
 elegantula.^./.^'T; 139 
 foliosa, Wall. . . 139 
 ' Griffithii, H.f.&T. 139 
 hirsuta, Linn. . .138 
 hirsuta, H. f. & T. . 138 
 impatiens, Linn. . 138 
 macrophylla, WWd. 139 
 macrophylla, Ledeb. 139 
 nilagirica, Schlecht, l.."' 
 pectinata, DC. . .138 
 polyphyUa, Don . .139 
 pratensis, Linn. . . 138 
 subumbellata, HooTc. 
 
 mss 138 
 
 sylvatica. Link. . .138 
 trifoliolata, H.f.&T. 138 
 violacea, Wall. . .137 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 137 
 Cardiopteris, Wall. . 597 
 javanica, Bl. . .597 
 lobata, Br. . . . 597 
 molaccana, Bl, . . 597 
 Rumphii, Baill. . . 597 
 subhamata, Wall. . 598 
 Cardiosperuium, Linn. 669 
 canescens, IFaZZ. . 670 
 HalicacabuiQ, Linn. . 670 
 microcarpurfi, 
 
 H. B. K. . . . 670 
 ? ovatum, Wall. . .670 
 jmbescens, Grriff. . . 670 
 Schmidelia, Dalz. & 
 
 Gibs 670 
 
 villosa, Dalz. & Gibs. 670 
 Cardiostfgia Kotschyi, 
 
 Presl. . ... 373 
 Carpophora Hoffmeis- 
 
 teri, Klofczsch . . 220 
 Carria speciosa, Gardn. 292 
 Caryophylleje . . 212 
 Cassine discolor, Wall. 614 
 txcelaa, Wall. . . 603 
 Catha Benthamii, 
 
 Gardn. & Champ. 618 
 emarginata, Don . 621 
 fruticosa, Thw. . .619 
 Ileyneana, Walp. . 620 
 monosperma^ Benth. 618 
 
 Pace 
 montana, G. Don . 621 
 ovata, Walp. . . .619 
 Eothiana, Walp. . 620 
 rufa, Don . . . 620 
 Wallichii, Don . . 621 
 zeylanica, G. Don . 641 
 Cathcartia, H.f. . .119 
 villo.sa, H.f. . .119 
 Cavalliihm urens, Schott 
 
 & Endl. . , .355 
 Ceanothus a^atieus, 
 
 Lamk 642 
 
 capsularis, Forst. . 642 
 
 circumscissa, Gaertn. 641 
 
 paniculatus, Roth. . 617 
 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 639 
 
 zeylanica, Heyne . 641 
 
 C-?.di-ela. /,t/i7'. . . .568 
 
 '..^">'-J's, P. a: eP. 5f'9 
 
 febri/uyu, i.l. . . r.bi 
 
 he.xandra, Wall. . 568 
 
 ? longif.lia, Wall. . 568 
 
 ? multijaga, Kurz . 569 
 
 ? odorata, Hort. Kew. 568 
 
 serrata, Royle . .568 
 
 Toona, Roxh. . .568 
 
 ? velutina, DC. . . 568 
 
 ? villosa, Roxb. . .568 
 
 Cedrele^ .... 541 
 
 Ceiba penfandra, 
 
 Gaertn 350 
 
 CELASTRE.3E .... 606 
 
 Celatitrinea ? . . .614 
 
 Celastrine^ . . . 606 
 
 Celastrus, Linn. . .617 
 
 acuminatus. Wall. . 570 
 
 alnifolia, Don . .617 
 
 attenuata. Wall. .619 
 
 bivalvis, Jack. . .614 
 
 buxifolia, Roxb. . .621 
 
 crenatus, Koth. . .621 
 
 crenulata. Wall. . 618 
 
 dependeiis. Wall. . 617 
 emarginata, W. & A. 621 
 Finlaysoniana, Wall. 618 
 
 glaucus, Vahl . . 623 
 
 Beyneana, Roth. . 620 
 
 Hindsii, Benth. . .618 
 
 Jackianus. Steud. . 618 
 
 lucida, Wall. . . 618 
 
 Mctziana, Turcz. . 617 
 
 micrantba, Roxb. . '618 
 monosperma, Roxb. . 618 
 montana, W. & A. . 621 
 
 multifiora, Roxb. .617 
 
 neglecta. Wall. . .619 
 
 nictans, Roxb. . .0x7 
 
 obtusifolia, Roxb. . 618 
 zz2 
 
708 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONyMS. 
 
 Page 
 ojyposita. Wall. . .617 
 ovata. Wall. . . .619 
 oxyphylla, Wall. .619 
 pallida. Wall. . . 621 
 paniculata, Willd. . 617 
 pauciflora, Wall, . 618 
 raeemosa, Wall. . .618 
 7'jgida, Wall. . .621 
 robusttis, Roxb. . . 622 
 Jtofhiana, Roem. & 
 
 Schultz . . 617, 620 
 Jtoyleana, Wall. . . 620 
 rufa, Wall . . .620 
 '( genegalensi8,lja,mk. 621 
 sen'ulata, Roth. . .620 
 gpinosm, Royle . . 620 
 stylosa, Wail. . .618 
 trieyna, Lamk. . .618 
 venulosa, Wall. . 618 
 vert icillata, Rox b. 1 99, 6 1 8 
 Wallichiana, W. & 
 
 A. . . . 620, 621 
 ? ? H7;7Ma7?a, Wall. 617 
 zeylanica. Roth. . .641 
 Celosia corymiosa, 
 
 WilW 245 
 
 Cerastium, Liim. . . 227 
 aquadcum, Linn. . 229 
 cordifolhim, Roxb. . 244 
 dahuricum, Fisch. . 227 
 glomeratum, Thuill. 228 
 grandijlorum, Don . 228 
 indicum, W. <t A. . 227 
 membranaceum, Jac. 228 
 napalenae, Wall. . 228 
 Thomsoni, //./. . . 228 
 trigynuQi, Villars . 227 
 tHriale, Link. . . 228 
 vulgatum, Zmn. . 228 
 CerafocephaliLs falca- 
 
 tus, Pers. ... 16 
 orthoceras, DC. . . 16 
 Ohailletia, DC. . . . 570 
 Brunoniana, Wall , 570 
 deflexifolia, Turcz. . 571 
 edulis, Kurz . .594 
 gelonioides, //./. . 570 
 Griffith ii, ^./. . .571 
 Helferiana, Kun , 570 
 Laurocerasus, 
 
 Planch. . . .572 
 
 longipetala, Turcz. . 571 
 
 sumatraiia, Miq, . 570 
 
 Chailletiace^ . . 569 
 
 Chalcas intermedia, 
 
 Roem 502 
 
 l^oniculata, Roem. . 502 
 paniculata, Linn. . 503 
 
 Page 
 sumatrana, Roem. , 503 
 ChanKebuxus arUlata, 
 
 Hassk 200 
 
 paniculata, Hassk. . 200 
 Chartacalyx, Maing. . 382 
 accrescens, Mast. . 382 
 Chaulmoogra odorata, 
 
 Roxb 195 
 
 Cheiranthus, Linn. . 132 
 albiflorus, T. And. . 133 
 Cheirii, Linn. , .132 
 Farsetia,^2\\. . .140 
 himalaicus,H.f.<i-T. 132 
 himalayensis, Camb. 132 
 pan7oides, Kiwz . 132 
 Stewartii, f. And. . 132 
 Cherleria grandijlora, 
 
 Don 239 
 
 juniperina, Don . 239 
 Chickrassia, /tw». . . 567 
 Nimmojiii, Grah. . 568 
 tabnlaris, Juss. . .668 
 trilocularis, Roem. . 668 
 veiutina, Roem. . .668 
 Chilmoria dodecandra, 
 
 Ham 196 
 
 Chilocalyx eUipticuSt 
 
 Turcz 613 
 
 Chiovofria vionogyna, 
 
 Walp 500 
 
 ? ri(jida. Jack. . . 500 
 Chisocheton, Bl. . . 550 
 ? costatus, Hiern . 552 
 dysoxyfdlius, Kurz . 551 
 erythrocarpns, Hiern 550 
 fragrans, Hiern . .551 
 glomeratus, Hiern . 551 
 grandiriorus, Kui'Z . 552 
 holocalyx, Hiern . 551 
 paniculatus, Hiern . 652 
 penduliflonis. 
 
 Planch . . .550 
 
 spicatus, Hiern . .550 
 
 Ch loroxylon, Z>a . . 569 
 
 Dupada, Buch. . . 528 
 
 Swietenia, DC. . . 569 
 
 Chorispora, DC. . .166 
 
 eler/avs, Camb. . .167 
 
 sibirica, DC . .167 
 
 sabulosa, Camb. . .167 
 
 tenella, DC. . . .166 
 
 Christolea, Camb. . .154 
 
 crassifolia, Camb. . 154 
 
 Chrysncyathus, Falc. . 15 
 
 Cimicifuga, Linn. . . 29 
 
 foetida, Linn. . . 30 
 
 frigida, Royle . . 30 
 
 I Cipadessa, HI. . , . 646 
 
 Page 
 baccifera, Miq. . .545 
 fruticosa, Bl. . . . 645 
 ? aubscanden^, Miq. 645 
 Cissampelos, Z//n7i. . 103 
 barbata, Wall. . .104 
 caapeba. Linn. . . 104 
 con7;oZr«/acm. Willd. 104 
 delicatula, Miers . 104 
 discolor, DC. . . .103 
 discolor, Buch. . .104 
 di.-<color, Wall. . .104 
 diversa, Miers . .104 
 elata, Miers . . .104 
 eriantha, Miers . .104 
 glabra, Roxb. . .103 
 grallutoria, Miers . 104 
 hei'nandi folia, 
 
 Willd. . . 103, 104 
 he.randra, Roxb. . 103 
 hirsuta, Buch.. . .104 
 mauritinna. Wall. . 102 
 obtecta, Wall. . .104 
 ojficinarum, Pluk. . 105 
 oleracca. Wall. . . 96 
 orbiculata, Buch. . 104 
 ovata, Poir. . . .105 
 Pareira, Linn. . .103 
 Plukenetii, DC. . .105 
 aaglttata, Hani. . . 96 
 subpeltata, Thw. . 104 
 Wightianus, Wall. . 105 
 
 CiSSAMl'ELIDE* . . 95 
 
 C'issus acida, Wall. . 654 
 acida, Roxb. . . . 654 
 acuminata, Thw. . 648 
 acutifolia, Poir. . 663 
 adnata, Roxb. . . 649 
 angulafa, Lamk. . 649 
 angustifo/ia, Roxb. 654 
 aquosa. Wall. . .648 
 assiviilis, Kurz . . 660 
 auriculata, Roxb. . 654 
 auriculata, DC. , . 658 
 cantonien»is,¥lk .kA. 663 
 capriolata, Royle . 659 
 camosa, Roxb. . . 654 
 cincrea, Lamk. . . 654 
 cordata, Koxb. 646, 648 
 cordata. Wall. . . 649 
 crenata, Vahl . . 654 
 cymom, Wall. . . 660 
 discolor, Bl. . . . 647 
 dirersifolia, Walp. . 663 
 edulis, Dalz. . . . 645 
 elongata, Roxb. . . 658 
 femtnea, Roxb. 655, 660 
 glauca, Thw. . . 647 
 glauca, Ruxb. , . 6i3 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 709 
 
 Page 
 gll/ptocarpa, Thw. . 645 
 hast at a, Miq. . .645 
 hcptaphylla, Retz. . 662 
 heterophylla. Herb. 
 
 Madr. . '. . .653 
 himalayana, Walp. . 656 
 involucrata, Spr. . 664 
 japoaica, Willd, . 660 
 KLeinii, Wall. . . 649 
 lanceUaria, DO. .660 
 latifoiia, Vahl . . 649 
 lonchiphylla, Thw. . 646 
 muricata, Dalz. & 
 
 Gibs 660 
 
 napaulensis, DC. . 659 
 obtusifoUa, Lamk. . 654 
 pedata, Lamk. . .662 
 pentagona, lioxb. . 646 
 pentaphylla, Hb. 
 
 Madr. ... 649 
 purpureus, Roxh. . 648 
 quadrangulariSfhinn. 645 
 repanda, Vahl . .648 
 repens, Lamk. . - . 647 
 repens, Thw. . . . 648 
 riparia, Wall. . .649 
 rotundiatia, Heyne . 647 
 semitordata, Wall. . 656 
 setosa, Roxb. . . , 654 
 serratifoUa, Hb. 
 
 Rottl 662 
 
 seiTulata, Roxb. . 659 
 spicifcra, Griff. . . 650 
 termifolia, Heyne . 660 
 trlfoUata, Hb. Ham. 654 
 trilobata, Lamk. . 653 
 truucata, Wall. . .660 
 velutiniis, Lind. . . 6i7 
 vitiginea, Linn. . .649 
 vitiginea, Roxb. 648, 651 
 Walllchiana, Turcz. 663 
 Citrus, Linn. . . . 514 
 acida, Roxb. . . .615 
 Aurantium, lAnn. . 515 
 hiixifolia, Poir . .515 
 decumana, Linn. . 516 
 Hystrix, i>a. . . 515 
 inermis, Roxb. . ,514 
 japonica, Thunb. . 514 
 latipes, H. f. & T. .515 
 Limetta, Risso . .515 
 Liinetta, DC. . .515 
 LimoneUas, Wall. . 515 
 Limonum, Wall. . 515 
 Laniia, Risso . . 515 
 medica, Linn. . .514 
 rnedica, Willd. . .515 
 Ihipeda, Wn{. . ► 515 
 
 Page 
 scandens, Griff. . .510 
 vulgaris, Risso . .515 
 Clausena, Burm. . .503 
 
 excavata, Burm. . 504 
 
 hepUphylla, W.<i:A. 504 
 
 indica, Oliv. . . . 505 
 
 macropliylla, Ifh. f. 504 
 
 nana, W. & A. . . 506 
 
 pentaphylla, DO. . 503 
 
 pubescens, W. & A. 506 
 
 siraplicifolia, Dalz. 498 
 
 suffruticosa, W.<kA. 506 
 
 Wallichii, Oliv. . . 505 
 
 Wampi, Blanco . . 505 
 
 Willdenovii, W.d:A. 506 
 
 CLEMvTIDEiE ... 1 
 
 Clematis, Linn. . . 2 
 
 acuminata, DC. . . 5 
 
 . acutangula, H.f. &T. 3 
 
 albida, Klotzsch . . 5 
 
 amplexicaulis, Edgw. 6 
 
 anemoiiidora, Don . 2 
 
 apiculata, H.f.<kT. 4 
 
 barbellata, Edgvj. . 3 
 
 Buchananiana, DC. 6 
 
 Buchananiana,^»i\. 6 
 
 Cadmia, Ham. . . 2 
 
 cana, Wall. ... 4 
 
 comosa, DC. . . . 6 
 
 connata, DC. . . 6 
 
 glauca, Willd. . . 5 
 
 globosa, Royle . . 5 
 
 Gouriaua, Hook.. . 4 
 
 gracilis, Edgw. . . 6 
 
 grata, Wall. ... 3 
 
 graveolens, Lindl. . 4 
 
 graveolens, Hook. . 5 
 
 grewii^flora, DC. . 6 
 
 grossa, T'l'^a^^.. . . 6 
 
 hedysarifolia, DC. . 4 
 
 Ispahanica, Boiss. . 5 
 
 Javana, DC. ... 4 
 
 loasaefolia, DC. . . 6 
 
 loasifolia, Z>ori . . 6 
 
 longicaudata, Ledeb. 5 
 
 montana, Ham,. . . 2 
 
 montana, Don . . 2 
 
 Munroana, Wight . 3 
 
 Napaulensis, DC. . 2 
 
 nepaidensis, Royle . 3 
 
 nutans, Royle . . 5 
 
 oriental is, Z/wm. . . 5 
 
 parvifolia, H. f.&T. 4 
 
 parvi folia, Edgw. . 5 
 
 puberula, H. f. <i:T. 4 
 
 Punduana, Wall. . 2 
 
 scabiosfefolia, i>(7. . 6 
 
 auiilacif'olia, Wall. . 3 
 
 Page 
 smilacina, BI. . . 3 
 eubpdtata. Wall. . 3 
 sulcata. Wall. . . 2 
 tenuifolia, Royle . 5 
 tortuosa. Wall. . . 6 
 triloba, Heyne. . . 3 
 velutina, Edgw. . . 6 
 venosa, Royle . . 6 
 villosa, DC. . . . 6 
 vitifolia, Wall. . . 6 
 Wightiana, PFa?Z. . 5 
 
 Cleorae, Linn. . . .168 
 angustifolia, A. Rich. 169 
 aspera, Kcenig. . 169 
 brachycarpa, Fa^Z . 169 
 Burmanni, W. d: A. 170 
 Chelidonii, Zi?m. . 170 
 ciliata, Sch. & Th. . 170 
 cordata, DC . . .168 
 diffusa, Roxb. . .169 
 diversifolia, Hochst. 169 
 felina, Linn. . . .170 
 fruticosa, Linn. . .172 
 gracilis, Edgw. . .168 
 heptaphylla, Linn. . 168 
 icosandra, Linn. . 170 
 moQophylla, Zz/iti. . 168 
 monophylla, Law. . 169 
 Noreana, Boiss. . .168 
 papillosa, Steud. . 168 
 pentapjhylla, Linn. . 171 
 quinqueriervia, i>C. .168 
 Ruta, Camb. . .169 
 siraplicifolia, H. f. 
 
 <i' T. .... 169 
 Stocksiana, Boiss. . 169 
 tenella, Linn. . .169 
 Vahliana, Fres. .169 
 viscosa, XiwTi. . .170 
 
 Cleome^ .... 168 
 
 Clerodendron sericeum, 
 Wall 419 
 
 Cleyera, DC. . . . 283 
 eniarginatay Gardn. 281 
 grandiflora, H.f.ikT. 284 
 grandifioraj Wall. 
 
 281, 282, 284 
 grandiflora, Chois. . 284 
 gymnanthera, W. & 
 
 A 281 
 
 japonica, Thunb. . 280 
 lasiopetala, Wight . 283 
 Lushia, Ij. Don . .284 
 ochnacea, DC. . . 283 
 ochnoides, G. Don . 284 
 pentapetala, Spr. . 287 
 WaUichiana, Sieb. 
 &;iiucc. . . .' . 284 
 
710 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 Clypea Burmanni, W. 
 
 & A 104 
 
 COOCDLE/E .... 95 
 
 Cocculus, DC. . . .101 
 acumintrtus, DC. . 99 
 aristolochi(V, DC. . 101 
 Blumeanus, Wall. . 99 
 Burmanni, DC. . . lO-t 
 calofjlnjllus, Wall.. . 578 
 convolv laceus, DC. 97 
 cordifolius, DC. . 97 
 crlspus, DC. ... 96 
 caspidatus, Wall. . 100 
 Fibraurea, DC. . . 98 
 Finlaysonianus,\Ya.lll0'3 
 glabra, W. & A.. .102 
 hastatas, DC. . .101 
 incanux, ColeSr. . 102 
 lucimosus, DC. . . 98 
 lavis, W:.ll. . . . 102 
 laurifoliiis, DC. . .101 
 Le*ba, DC. . . . 102 
 lucidus, Teysm. & 
 
 Benn 106 
 
 macrocarpus, W.<tA. 101 
 mahtbdricus, DC. . 96 
 ?new6m7»aceM«, Wall. 1 04 
 mollis, Wall. . .-102 
 oblorKjua, Wall. . .100 
 orbiculattis, DC. . .104 
 peltatus, DC. . . 104 
 2)efiolar{s, Wall. . . 97 
 planijtorus, Wall. . 106 
 plrniilorus, Wall. . 106 
 poll/carpus. Wall. . 99 
 2)opalifolius, DC. . 98 
 radiatus, DC. . . 99 
 recisus, Miera . . 102 
 Ro. ibu fghianus. 
 
 Wall 103 
 
 sepinm, Colebr. . .101 
 suOerosuis, DC. . . 98 
 tomentosus, Colebr. . 96 
 trifindriis, Colebr. . 100 
 velufium. Wall. . . 100 
 verrucosus. Wall. 96, 97 
 villosus, DC. . . . 101 
 vUlosus, Wall. . .104 
 
 Cochlearia, Linn. . .145 
 alijssoidcs, DC. . . 145 
 flava, IJam. . . .145 
 hi malaica, //■./. <fc T. 145 
 scapiflora, N.f. diT. 145 
 
 Cochlisiiermum.A'un/A. 189 
 Gossypium, DC. . . 1 90 
 
 Coelostegia, Bentk. . . 352 
 Griffithii, BentJi. . 353 
 
 Colbertia obovata, Bi. 37 
 
 Page 
 angusta, Wall. . . 38 
 Coromandelianay 
 
 DC. . . . . . 38 
 
 Jloribunda, Wall. . 38 
 
 Colubrioa, JUch. . . 642 
 aaiatica, Brongn. . 642 
 javanica, Miq. . . 642 
 pubescens, Kurz . 642 
 travancorica,, Bedd. 64 3 
 
 Columbia, Ptrs. . . 393 
 floribuuda, Wall. . 393 
 mergnensis, Planch. 394 
 
 Commersonia, Foi'jfk. . 378 
 echinata, Bl. . .378 
 htrbacca; G. Don . 376 
 javensis, G. Don . 378 
 platypbylla,J?w/r<;w« 378 
 
 Con^/has zei^lonensis, 
 
 Hb. Madr. . . . 681 
 
 Connaropsis, Blanch. . 439 
 dcversifolia, Kurz . 440 
 Griffithii, Planch. . 440 
 monophylla, Planch. 440 
 
 Connarm IJackiantiSf 
 
 Wall 678 
 
 Conringia, Reichb. . . 152 
 planisiliqua, Fisch. 
 
 d: Mey 162 
 
 Thaliana, Reichb. .148 
 
 Cookia dulcis, Bedd. . 506 
 graveolens, W. & A. 605 
 ? macro;>A////a,Lindl. 504 
 punctata, Si»un. . 505 
 punctata, Uafisk. . 602 
 
 Coptis, Salisb. ... 22 
 Teeta, Wall. ... 23 
 
 Corchorus, Linn. . . 396 
 acutangulus, Lamk. 398 
 ceafiia/'«, Hb. !Madr. 398 
 (Tstuajis i Ham. . . 398 
 Autichorus, Iloiusch. 398 
 Burmanni, DC. . . 398 
 capsularis, Linn. . 397 
 decemanguUiris,Rox. 397 
 fasciculahs, Lamk. . 398 
 /M«rj*.s Roxb. . . 398 
 huvulis, Munro . . 398 
 linearis, Wall. . . 398 
 Mama, Ham. . . 397 
 olitorius, Linn. . . 397 
 olitorius, Wall. . . 397 
 pumilus, Uam. . . 399 
 subscandcns. Wall. . 398 
 tridens, Linn. . , 398 
 trilocularis, Linn. . 397 
 t)il()cuiaris, Burm. . 398 
 urticsefolius, W. «& A. 397 
 
 Corydalis, DC. . . .121 
 
 Page 
 adiantifolia, E.j.&T. 127 
 astragalina, H. f. &T. 126 
 cacheuiiriaua, Royle 123 
 chaerophylla, DC. . 126 
 cornuta, Rof/le . .126 
 crassifolia, Royle . 127 
 crassissima, Camb. . 127 
 crithmifolia, Royle . 123 
 debilis, Edgw. . .126 
 diphylla, Wall. . .122 
 elegans, Wall. . .124 
 ejnfhipnifolia, Walp. 123 
 Falcdueri, H.f. <i- T. 124 
 fill for mis, Royle . ^125 
 flabellata, Edyu). . 127 
 flaccida, H f.^T. . 122 
 geraniifolia, H. f. & 
 
 T 126 
 
 Qortschakovii, Schr, 125 
 Govaniana, ira/Z. . 124 
 Griffithii, Boiss. . . 123 
 Jlamiltoniana. Don 123 
 Hoffmcisteri, Klotz. 127 
 Impatiens, Fisch. . 125 
 juucea, Wall. . . 123 
 lati flora. //. /. & T. 126 
 leptot^rpa, if. f. d: 
 
 T. 122 
 
 longipes, DC. . .125 
 lonf/ipes, Don. . .122 
 nieifolia, Wall. . .126 
 Moorcroftiana, Wall. 125 
 opliiocarpa, //. /. tfc 
 
 y 122 
 
 paucHora, Edgw. . 122 
 phyxocarpa, Camb. . 127 
 polvgalina, H. f. <fc 
 
 T. 123 
 
 ramosa, Wall. . .1^6 
 rutaefolia, Sibth. . .122 
 sibirica, Pers. . . 125 
 stricta, Stepkan . .126 
 tibttica, H.f. &T. . VIL 
 verticillaris, DC. . 123 
 Corynandra pulchella, 
 
 Schrad. . . .170 
 
 Coscinium, Colebr. . . 98 
 
 Blumeanuii), Miers . 99 
 
 fenestratura, Colebr. 99 
 
 WaUichiamun, Miers 99 
 
 Wiyhtiixnum, Miers 99 
 
 Cracube, Toum. . .165 
 
 cordifolia, Stev. . .165 
 
 J{otschyana,]ioiss. . 166 
 
 I Crataeva, Linn. . . .172 
 
 I apetala, Spr. . .171 
 
 ! Murmclos, Linn. . .517 
 
 j Nurvala, Ham. . .172 
 
NDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 711 
 
 Page 
 odora. Ham. . . .172 
 religiosa, Forst. . .172 
 relk/iosa, Rfiux. .■ . 172 
 religiosa, Ainslie . 517 
 Roxburqhii, Br. . . 172 
 uniloctdUris, Ham. . 172 
 Vallanga, Koeaig . 516 
 
 CRATOXrLEJE . . . 252 
 
 Cratoxylon, Bl. . . . 257 
 arborescens, Bl. , . 258 
 *hiiloru.m, Turcz. . 257 
 formosum, B. tfc Hk. 258 
 la/iceolatmn, Miq. . 257 
 Maingayi, Dyer . . 258 
 neriifolium, Kurz . 257 
 polyanthum, Korth. 257 
 prunifolium, Dijer . 258 
 
 Ctenolophon, Uliv. . .577 
 grandifolius, Oliv. , 577 
 pai'vifolius, Oliv. . 577 
 
 Crucipeb^ .... 128 
 
 Cucubalus, Linn. . . 221 
 bacciferus, Linn. . 222 
 Behen, Linn. , .218 
 
 Cullenia, Wight . . 350 
 excelsa, Wight . . 350 
 
 Cupania, Plum. . .676 
 acuta, Jliern . . .677 
 adeuophylla, Planch. 677 
 canescens, Pers. 671, 679 
 fascidula, Kurz . . 677 
 glabrata, Kurz . . 676 
 Helferi, Jliern . . 679 
 Jackiana, Hiern . . 678 
 Lessertiana, Camb. . 678 
 Mischocarpus, Steud. 678 
 
 ^ palliduea, Hiern . 676 
 "" peutapetala, fF. cC'il. 678 
 pentaphylla, Wight 678 
 pleuropteris. W. , 677 
 Eoxb arghii^ Wigh t . 678 
 sumatrana, Miq. . .678 
 
 Cussa mhi um glabrum. 
 
 Ham. . . . . 681 
 pubescens, Ham. . . 681 
 spinusum, Ham. . . 681 
 
 Cyamus musticusy 
 
 Salisk . . . . 116 
 Nelumbo, Sra. . .116 
 
 Cyathocalyx, Champ. . 53 
 ? AIaingayi,/r./. S T. 53. 
 roartabanicus, If.f. 
 
 6c T. .... 53 
 zeylanieus, Champ. 53 
 
 Cyathostemraa, Griff. . 57 
 
 Page 
 
 viridiflorum^ Griff. . 57 
 Cyclea, Am. . . .104. 
 Arnottii, Miers . .104 
 barbata, Miers . .104 
 Burmanni, 2l/^grs . 104 
 debiliHora, Miers . 104 
 laxijlora, Miers . 104 
 peltata, H.f. & T. . 104 
 populifolia,a.lkT. 105 
 versicolor, Miers . . 104 
 Cyminosma Anhenda^ 
 
 Q-certn. . . .498 
 
 pedunculata, DC. . 498 
 
 Dactylicapnos thalic- 
 
 trifolia. Wall. . 121 
 
 Dalrympelia pomifera, 
 
 Roxb 699 
 
 Decaisnea, E.f.& T. . lo7 
 insignis, H.f. <fc T. . 107 
 
 Decaschistia, W. Si A. 332 
 crotonifolia, W.&A. 332 
 trilobata, TFigrAf . 332 
 
 Delima, Linn. . . . 31 
 hebecarpa, DC. . . 31 
 intermedia, Bl. . . 31 
 sarmentosa, Linn. . 31 
 
 Dklime.e 30 
 
 Delphinium, Linn. . . 24 
 Ajacis, Linn. . .27 
 altissimum. Wall. . 26 
 Brunonianum, Royle 27 
 cseruleum, /acg. . . 25 
 CashmiriaQum,^oyZe 26 
 dasycaulon, Fres. . 25 
 denudatum, Wall. . 25 
 elatum, Linn. . . 26 
 glaciale, H.f. ST.. 27 
 Hoffiiieisteri,Klotz8ch. 26 
 incanum, Royle . . 25 
 incisum, Wall. . * . 26 
 Jacque niontianum, 
 
 Camb. . . 26, 27 
 moschatum, Munro . 27 
 pauciHorum, Don . 27 
 paucijlorum, Royle . 26 
 penicillatum,E..tk,T.^ 24 
 pyramidale, Royle . 26 
 rawMwc ulifolium , 
 
 Wall 26 
 
 rectivenium, Royle . 26 
 sanicuhefolium.^om. 25 
 scabrijiorum, Don . 27 
 unciuatum, H.f. dc T. 24 
 vestitum, Wall. . . 26 
 
 Page 
 vestitum, Boiss. . . 24 
 viscosum, H. f. ds T. 27 
 Dentaria dasyloba^ 
 
 Turcz 139 
 
 Desmocarpus missions, 
 Wall 172 
 
 DlANTHE^ .... 212 
 
 Dianthus, Linn. . .213 
 anatolicus, Boiss. . 214 
 angulatus, Royle . 215 
 bar hat us, Linn. . .215 
 cache miricus, Edgw. 214 
 Caryophyllus, Linn. 214 
 caucasicus, Sims . 215 
 chinensis, Linn. . .213 
 crinitus, >S'»i. . . .215 
 deltoides, Linn. . .214 
 Falconeri, Edgw. .214 
 fimbriatus, Biebr. . 215 
 glaucus, Ham. . .213 
 incertus, Jacq. . "215 
 Jacquemontii, Edgw. 214 
 Seguieri, Fi/Z. . .215 
 
 Dicellostyles, Benth. . 333 
 axillaris, Benth. . . 333 
 jujubifolia, 5e»^^. . 333 
 
 Dicentra, Borhh. .' . 120 
 Roylei, H.f d-T. . 121 
 scan dens, Walp. . .121 
 thalictrifolia, H. f 
 
 dsT. 121 
 
 torulosa, H. f. d: T. 121 
 
 Dicranostigma lactu- 
 
 coides, H. f. & T. 119 
 
 Dictamnus, Linn. . . 487 
 albus, Linn. . . . 487 
 Frixinella, Pers. . 487 
 himalayanus. Royle 487 
 
 Dictyocarpus trunca- 
 
 tu8, Wight ... 322 
 
 Didymococcus Danura, 
 
 Bl 684 
 
 verticillatus, Bl. . 684 
 
 Diclytra scandens, 
 •Don 121 
 
 Bipetalum hiloculare, 
 
 Dalz 497 
 
 Liploclisia inclyta, 
 
 Miers .... 101 
 lepida, Miers . .101 
 macrocarpa, Miers . 101 
 pictinervis, Miers . 101 
 
 Diplodon cerastioides, 
 
 Reichb 227 
 
 Diplotaxis, DO. . .157 
 
 Quotation omitted p. 257 : C. biflorum, Turcz. Bull. Mosc. 1863, i. 580. Hyperi- 
 cum, Wall. Cat. 4820. 
 
713 
 
 Page 
 Griffithii, E.f.&T. 157 
 grandiflora, Wall. . 652 
 Dipterygiuni, Dene. . 164 
 glaucum, Dene. . .164 
 DlPTEKOCARPE^ . . 'Z9i 
 Pipterocarpus, Gcertn.yr 295 
 alatus, Roxb. . . 298 
 alatns, A. DO. . . 297 
 angustifoliuSj'W.&A. 299 
 Baudii, Korth. . . 296 
 cordatus, Wall. . . 297 
 cornutus, Dyer . . £96 
 costatus, Ruxb. . . 299 
 costatus, Gaertn. f. . 298 
 crinifcus, Dyer . . 296 
 glandulosus, TAw. . 297 
 fjonoptcruSy Turcz. . 298 
 (jrandijlora, Wall. . 297 
 lirand ijloras, Griff. . 299 
 ijrand fUius, Teysm. 297 
 Giffithii, Miq. . . 299 
 bispidus, Thw. . . 296 
 incanus, Jioxb. . . 298 
 indicus, Bedd. . . 295 
 insignis, Thw. . . 298 
 IcBvis, Ham. . . .295 
 oblongifolius. Thw. . 296 
 vbl»iig>is, DC. . . 296 
 obtusif ilius, 2Vyam. . 295 
 pilosus, Jioxb. . . 296 
 pterygocalyx, Scheff. 298 
 scaber, JIam. . .297 
 scabridus, I'hw. . . 298 
 tuberculatus, Moxb. 297 
 turbinatus, 6r(Er<?i. /. 295 
 vestiLus, Wall. . . 295 
 zeylanicus, Thw. . 297 
 Dipterospernia . . .291 
 Dillenia, Linn. ... 36 
 uiigasta, Roxb. . . 38 
 aurea, Sm. . , . 37 
 bracteata, Wight . 37 
 dentata, Thunb. . 36 
 elliptica, Thunb, . 36 
 floribunda, jy./.ct r. 38 
 graudiiolia, Wail. . 38 
 indica, Linn. . . ^6 
 integra^ Tliunb. . . 37 
 me liosma? folia, If. f. 
 
 dc T. .... 36 
 oryiafa, Wall. . .37 
 ovata, Wall. ... 36 
 parvitlora, O'rij^. . 38 
 pentagyna, Roxb. . 38 
 ■pilosa, Ham. ... 38 
 pilosa, Roxb. . . 38 
 pulcherriiaa, Kwz . 37 
 repanda, Roxb. . . 37 
 
 Page 
 retusa, Thunb. . . 37 
 scabrella, Rnxb. . . 38 
 speciosa, Thunb. . 36 
 speciosa, Griff. . . 37 
 
 DiLLENIACEiE . . . 30 
 DlLLKNIE^ .... 31 
 
 Dilophia, Thorns. . .160 
 Balsa, Thorns. . .161 
 
 Dimocarpus, Wall. . 5.'>5 
 crinita, Lour. . . 687 
 Lii'hi, Lour. . . . 687 
 hougan, Lour. , . 689 
 pupilla, Moon . . ^h9 
 undidatas, Wight . 689 
 verticillata, Hb. 
 
 Roxb 684 
 
 Dioecia pentandra, 
 
 Wall 686 
 
 Dioscorea sadva, Linn. 697 
 
 Dioapyros cerasifoliay 
 
 Don .... 285 
 ? frondosa, Wall. . 92 
 nerrata, Don . . . 285 
 
 Discostigma fabrile, 
 
 Miq 260 
 
 vierguense, Planch. 
 
 & Tr 267 
 
 zeylanicum, Planch. 
 &Tr 268 
 
 Dittelaania, H. j. . .671 
 Rarak, //. /. . .672 
 
 Diuroglogiium rufes- 
 
 cetus, Turcz. . . 375 
 
 Dobiuea, Ham. . • 696 
 vulgaris, Hum. . .696 
 
 Doduna?a, Linn. . . 697 
 angu&tifoiia, Linn.f. 697 
 arabica, Hochst. & 
 
 Steud 697 
 
 Burmanniana, DC. 697 
 dioica, Roxb. . . 697 
 lieterophylla, Hort. . 697 
 microcarpa, DC. * . 697 
 pallida^ Miq. . . 697 
 pentandra, (iriff. . 697 
 spathulata, Sm. . . 697 
 viscosa, Linn. . .697 
 Wightmna, DC. . . 697 
 
 DOMBEYE^ .... 353 j 
 
 Doona, Thw. . . .311 
 affinis, Thw. . . . 311 ! 
 congest! flora, Thw. . 312 I 
 cordifulia, Thw. . .312 
 Gardueri, Thw. . .312 
 macrophylla, Ihw. . 312 
 nervosa, I'hw. . .311 
 ovalifolia, Thw. . . 312 
 trapezifoUa, Thw. . 311 
 
 Page 
 venulosa, Thw. . .313 
 zeylanica, Thw. . .311 
 
 Doryetandra Rox- 
 
 burghii, Ilassk. . 186 
 
 Douepia tortuosa, 
 
 Camb 158 
 
 Draba, Linn. . . .141 
 Adamsii, Ledeb. . 142 
 algida, Adams . .142 
 alpicola, Klotzsch . 142 
 alpiua, Linn. . .142 
 altaica, Buuge . .143 
 a7id rosacea, Willd. . 143 
 confusa, Ehrh. . .143 
 elata, H. f. db T .142 
 elegans, Boiss. . .142 
 ellii)8oidea, H.f.<SiT. 144 
 fladnitzensis, Widf. 143 
 glacialis, Adams . 142 
 glomerata, Ri»yle . 143 
 gracilis, Tiedeb. . . 143, 
 gracillinia, H.f.&T. 144 
 Iielretica, Schleicb. . 143 
 hinuilayensis, 
 
 Klotzsch. . . 143 
 incana, Linn. . .143 
 incorapta, Stev. . .142 
 ioc/m, Kar & Kir. . 143 
 lapponica, Wahl . 143 
 lasiuphylla, Royle . 143 
 linearis, Boi.ss. . .144 
 muralis, Linn. . .144 
 ochroliuca, Bunge . 142 
 polytricha, Ledeb. . 142 
 pygmea, Turcz. . .143 
 radicans, Royle . .142 
 sefosa, Royle . . .142 
 stenocarpa, H.f.&T. 144 
 til)etica, //./. d: T. . 143 
 tibetira, H. f. & T. . 142 
 veiiia, Liun. . . . 145 
 Wahlenbergii, 
 
 Hartra 143 
 
 Winterbottomi, H. f. 
 & T 142 
 
 Drepanaiithus, Maing. 56 
 pruniferus, Maing. . 56 
 raiuuliflorus, ^/tti/J^. 56 
 
 Drymaria, Willd. . .244 
 cordata, II illd. . .244 
 extensa. Wall. . .244 
 
 DRYPIDEiE .... 212 
 
 Dryptopetalum coria-* 
 ceum, Arn. . . 625 
 
 Dumreichera, Hochst. 334 
 
 Durio, Linn. . . .350 
 malaccensis, Planch. 351 
 Oxleyauus, Griff. . 361 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS, 
 
 713 
 
 Page 
 Zibethinus, DC. . 351 
 
 Dysoxylon Championii, 
 H. f. & T. . . . 562 
 
 Dysoxylum, Bl. . . 546 
 Beddomei, Hiern . 548 
 binectariferum, II. f. 546 
 brevipes, Hiern, . 546 
 caulilioruni, Hiern . 549 
 cuneatum, Hiern . 549 
 flavescens, Hiern . 549 
 grande, Hiern . .547 
 grandiflorum, Rcem. 552 
 Griffiibii, Hiern . 549 
 Hamiltouii, Hiern . 548 
 macrocarpum, Tbw. 546 
 Maingayi, Hiern . 547 
 malabaricum, Bedd. 548 
 rnultijagum, Arn. . 552 
 pallens, Hiern . . 548 
 paniculatum, Arn. . 552- 
 pri)cerum, Hiern . 547 
 thyrsoideum, Gt'iff. . 547 
 
 Eccremanmus extimus^ 
 
 Tbw 691 
 
 Echinocarpus, Bl. . . 399 
 assamicus, Benth. . 399 
 dasycarpus, Benth. . 400 
 Murex, Benth. . . 399 
 sterculiaceus, Benth. 400 
 tomentosus, Benth. . 400 
 
 Ehretia umbellulata, 
 
 Wall 604 
 
 hhebergiaindica, Roxb. 545 
 ? integerrima, Wall. 545 
 
 Elaeodendron, Jacq.f. . 623 
 glaucuru, Pers. . . 623 
 nilghirense, Wall. . 614 
 oxyodon, Turcz. . 623 
 panicidatum, W. & A. 623 
 Eoxburghii, W. & A. 623 
 
 Elseocarpus, Linn. . 400 
 Acronodia, Mast. . 408 
 acuminatus, Wall. . 406 
 adenophyllus, Wall. 403 
 amoenus, TA«;. . . 404 
 mnygdaliniis, WalL 402 
 
 ? angustifolius. W' igbt 403 
 apiculatus, Mast. . 407 
 aristatus, J?o^6. . .405 
 aristatus, Wall. . .402 
 bracteatus, Kurz . 406 
 ceylanicus, ^r/i. . . 406 
 chackroula, Ham. . 408 
 copalUferus, Retz. . 313 
 coriaceus, Hook. . 404 
 cuneatus, Wight • 402 
 cyauocarpa, Main^. 406 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 ferrugineus, PP%7i« . 
 
 406 
 
 americana, Am. 
 
 250 
 
 ? Finlaysonianus, 
 
 
 arnmannioides, W. 
 
 
 Wall. . . . 
 
 407 
 
 &A 
 
 251 
 
 floribundus, jB^. . . 
 
 401 
 
 verticillata, W.&A. 
 
 252 
 
 Ganitrus, Roxh. , 
 
 400 
 
 ELATINEiE . . . . 
 
 250 
 
 glabrescens, Mast. . 
 
 403 
 
 Ellepeia, H. f.diT, . 
 
 52 
 
 glaudu lifer, Mast. 
 
 406 
 
 cuneifolia, H. f.itT. 
 
 52 
 
 glandidosus, Wall. . 
 
 403 
 
 ferruginea, H.f.ikT, 
 
 52 
 
 Griffithii, Mast. . . 
 
 4^8 
 
 glabra, H. f. <Sc T. , 
 
 52 
 
 grossa, Wall. . . . 
 
 401 
 
 nervosa, H. f. dh T. 
 
 52 
 
 Helferi, Kurz . . 
 
 402 
 
 Elodea formosa, Jack. 
 
 258 
 
 Integra, WalL . . 
 
 408 
 
 Embamma cordigera, 
 
 
 integrifolius, Tia,nik 
 
 401 
 
 Griff. .... 
 
 664 
 
 Jackianus, WalL . 
 
 409 
 
 heterantha, Griff. . 
 
 664 
 
 ? lacunosus,\i Sill. 401 
 
 ,402 
 
 Epicharis exarillata. 
 
 
 lanceaefolius, i?ox6. . 
 
 402 
 
 Arn 
 
 546 
 
 lanceolata, Wall. . 
 
 402 
 
 exarillata, Nimmo. 
 
 561 
 
 leptostachya, H^aZ^. . 
 
 403 
 
 mollis. Wall. . . 
 
 548 
 
 Lobbianus, Turcz. , 
 
 401 
 
 Epimedium, Linn. . 
 
 112 
 
 longifolius, Wall. . 
 
 409 
 
 elatum, i¥or»'. <bDcne. 
 
 112 
 
 lucidus, Ruxb. . . 
 
 403 
 
 Erebennus canaranus, 
 
 
 monoceroides, Wigbt 
 Monocera, Cav. . . 
 
 409 
 405 
 
 Alef 
 
 341 
 
 Eriuocarpus, Nimmo. . 
 
 394 
 
 montanus, Thw. . . 
 
 404 
 
 Nimmoanus, Grah. . 
 
 394 
 
 Munroii, Mast. . . 
 
 407 
 
 Eriodendron, DC. . 
 
 34 9 
 
 nitidus, Jacq. 
 
 401 
 
 anfractuosum, DC. 
 
 350 
 
 oblonga, Wall. . . 
 
 402 
 
 orientale, Spr. . . 
 
 350 
 
 oblongus, Gcertn. . 
 
 403 
 
 Erioglossum, Bl. . . 
 
 672 
 
 oblongus, Wall. . 
 
 401 
 
 edule , Bl . . . . 
 
 672 
 
 obovatus, Am. . . 
 
 404 
 
 rubiginosum, Brdnd. 
 
 672 
 
 ovalifolius, Wall, . 
 
 402 
 
 Eriolsena, BO. . . . 
 
 370 
 
 paniculatus, Wall. . 
 
 407 
 
 Candollei, Wall. . 
 
 370 
 
 parvifulius, Wall. . 
 
 401 
 
 Hookeriana, W.tkA. 
 
 370 
 
 pedunculatus, Wall. 
 
 408 
 
 quinquelocularis, 
 
 
 Perim-Kara, DC. . 
 
 403 
 
 Wight .... 
 
 371 
 
 Pirincara, Wall. . 
 
 401 
 
 spectabilis, Planch. . 
 
 371 
 
 polystacbyus, Wall. 
 
 403 
 
 Stocksii, H f. <t T. 
 
 370 
 
 pruuifolius, Wall. . 
 
 407 
 
 Wallichii, UC. . . 
 
 370 
 
 pubescens, Hook. . 
 
 404 
 
 Ekiol^eneje .... 
 
 353 
 
 puDctatus, Wall. 
 
 405 
 
 Erodium, V Herit . . 
 
 433 
 
 robustus, Roxb. 
 
 402 
 
 Chumb-tlense, Munro, 
 
 427 
 
 ? robustws, Wall. . . 
 
 408 
 
 eiconiuin, Willd. 
 
 434 
 
 rugosus, Roxb. . . 
 
 405 
 
 «icutarium, Z/cmaw . 
 
 434 
 
 rugosus, Wall. . . 
 
 405 
 
 himalayanum, Royle 
 
 434 
 
 serratus, Linn. . 
 
 401 
 
 malacoides, Willd. . 
 
 435 
 
 serratus, Roxb. . . 
 
 401 
 
 nilagiricum, fkshlecht 435 
 
 serratus, Wall. . . 
 
 402 
 
 Stephauianuni, 
 
 
 seri'atus, Reyne . . 
 
 403 
 
 Willd 
 
 434 
 
 serrulatus, Roxb. . 
 
 405 
 
 stipaceum, Edgw. . 
 
 435 
 
 sikkimensis,''il'/as<. . 
 
 402 
 
 tibetanum, Edgw. . 
 
 434 
 
 Btipularis, Bl. . . 
 
 404 
 
 violcefolium, Turcz. 
 
 435 
 
 subvillosus, Arn. 
 
 404 
 
 Eropbila, DC. . . . 
 
 144 
 
 tuberculatus, Roxb. 
 
 404 
 
 vulgaris, DC. . . 
 
 145 
 
 Varunua, Haiti. . . 
 
 407 
 
 Eruca, Tourn. . . . 
 
 158 
 
 t.venustus, Bedd. . . 
 
 405 
 
 Sativa, Lamk. 
 
 158 
 
 Elatine, Linn. . . . 
 
 250 
 
 Erysimum, %inn. . . 
 
 152 
 
 CEstivosa, Wight 
 
 251 
 
 Alliara, Linn. . . 
 
 151 
 
 ambigua, Wight 
 
 251 
 
 altaicum, C. A. Mey, 
 
 164 
 
7U 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 
 P»J?e 
 
 
 Page 
 
 deflexum, ff. f. & T. 
 
 163 
 
 glaber, Roxb. . . 
 
 609 
 
 funiculosnm, H. f. <fc 
 
 
 glaucus, Turcz. . 
 
 610 
 
 T. . . . . . 
 
 153 
 
 Goughii, Wight . , 
 
 608 
 
 gracile, Gay . . . 
 
 153 
 
 gra<idiflorus, Wall. . 
 
 608 
 
 Orijit/iii, Boiss. . . 
 
 153 
 
 Griffithii, Kurz. . 
 
 611 
 
 hieniciifoJium, Linn. 
 
 153 
 
 grossa. Wall . . 
 
 623 
 
 odoratum, Bkrh. 
 
 154 
 
 HamiltonianuR, Wall. 612 
 
 longisiliquum, B. f. 
 
 
 indicus, Heyne . 
 
 608 
 
 dT. . . . . 
 
 154 
 
 japonicus, Wall. . 
 
 612 
 
 pachycarpuin, H. f. 
 
 
 javanicus. Bl. . . 
 
 607 
 
 d'T. . . . . 
 
 153 
 
 laceni«. Ham. . . 
 
 6(.'8 
 
 pafefis. Gay . . . 
 
 153 
 
 ? la'fa, Wall. . . . 
 
 614 
 
 repandum, Linn. 
 
 153 
 
 lucidus, Don . . . 
 
 612 
 
 rob vast urn, Don . 
 
 153 
 
 1. min-anf/im Don . 
 
 611 
 
 istrictum, Gaertn. . . 
 
 153 
 
 nitidus, Benth. . 
 
 61(» 
 
 Thomsoni, H.f. . . 
 
 154 
 
 m^ata, Wall. . . 
 
 616 
 
 Ei-ythrochit<m Wallich- 
 
 
 paui<!ulatU8, Bb. 
 
 
 ianum, Gri£F. . . 
 
 281 
 
 Wight .... 
 
 609 
 
 Erythropalum, £1. . . 
 
 678 
 
 pendulus, Wall. . 
 
 612 
 
 populifolium. Mast. 
 
 678 
 
 pterodadus, Hohen. 
 
 610 
 
 scandens, BL . . . 
 
 678 
 
 punctatus, Wall. . 
 
 610 
 
 vagum, Moat. . . 
 
 678 
 
 revolutus, Wight 
 
 60S 
 
 Eryihropsis Roxburgh- 
 
 
 sca7idens, Grab. . . 
 
 611 
 
 iana, Schott. k 
 
 
 serratifolius, Bedd. 
 
 d09 
 
 Endl. . / . . 
 
 360 
 
 ? aerrulata, Wall. . 
 
 609 
 
 Erythrospermum, Lam. 
 
 191 
 
 Spfiarocarpus,}l3i86k. 607 
 
 phjtolaccoides, Gard. 
 
 191 
 
 auniatranus, Miq. . 
 
 607 
 
 Erxthroxylk^ . . 
 
 410 
 
 theaefolius, Wall. . 
 
 612 
 
 Erythroxylon, Linn. . 
 
 414 
 
 Thwaitesii, Laws 
 
 608 
 
 burnianicum, Grij^. . 
 
 414 
 
 timorensis, Zipp. . 
 
 610 
 
 indUum, Bedd. . . 
 
 414 
 
 Tma, Ham. . . . 
 
 623 
 
 Kuiithianum, Wall. 
 
 414 
 
 tingens, Wall. . . 
 
 610 
 
 lanceolatum, Wight . 
 
 415 
 
 vagans, Wa/l. . . 
 
 611 
 
 lucidum, Moon . 
 
 416 
 
 vagans, Wall. 
 
 611 
 
 monogynum, lioxb. . 
 
 414 
 
 Walkerii, Wight . 
 
 608 
 
 obtusifoliuni, Thw. . 
 
 415 
 
 zcylanicus, Moon 
 
 608 
 
 retumm, Bauer. . . 
 
 415 
 
 Euphora exstipulatis, 
 
 
 sideroxyloides, Lam. 
 
 415 
 
 Griff. .... 
 
 657 
 
 sumatranmn, Miq. . 
 
 415 
 
 Euphoria attenuata, 
 
 
 Euclidium, Br. . . . 
 
 1G4 
 
 Planch. . . . 
 
 684 
 
 syriacum, Br. . . 
 
 165 
 
 Danura, Wall. . . 
 
 684 
 
 EULINK^K 
 
 410 
 
 fuscatii, Benth. & 
 
 
 EuonyinuR, Linn . . 
 
 607 
 
 H.f. . . ; . 
 
 682 
 
 acutavguluif, Wight 
 
 610 
 
 Gardneri. Benth. & 
 
 
 arigulatus, Wight . 
 
 610 
 
 H.f. .... 
 
 690 
 
 atropurpurem, Rox. 
 
 612 
 
 glabra, BI. . . . 
 
 687 
 
 attenuaius, Wall. . 
 
 610 
 
 L itch if Juss. . . . 
 
 688 
 
 bulktus, Wall. . . 
 
 610 
 
 Litchi, Wall. . . . 
 
 690 
 
 calocarpiis, Kurz . 
 
 609 
 
 Longana, Bl. . . 
 
 686 
 
 capillaceufi, Wall. . 
 
 614 
 
 Longana, Lamk. 
 
 690 
 
 cinereiis, La}cs . . 
 
 611 
 
 Ntphelium, DC. 
 
 687 
 
 crenulatus. Wall. 
 
 608 
 
 Nephdiam, Wall. . 
 
 690 
 
 diehotomus, /ieyne . 
 
 609 
 
 Noronhiana, Bl. . . 
 
 686 
 
 eehinatus, Wall. 
 
 611 
 
 punicea, Larak. . . 
 
 687 
 
 filiformis, Wall. . . 
 
 614 
 
 pupillum, Steud. 
 
 689 
 
 fimbriatus, Wall. 
 
 611 
 
 rubra, Royle . . . 
 
 684 
 
 frigidus, Wall. . . 
 
 611 
 
 undulata, Hb. Heyne 
 
 689 
 
 garcinifolius, E-oxb. 
 
 614 
 
 vertirAllata, Wall. . 
 
 684 
 
 Page 
 
 xerocarpa, Bl. . . 686 
 Euptelea, Lieb. d: Zucc. 39 
 pleio.speruia.Zr./.ttr. 39 
 Eurya, Thimb. . . .284 
 acuminata, DO. . .2^5 
 acuminata, Wall. . 285 
 acuminata, Koyle . 285 
 angtustifolia. Wall. . 285 
 angustifolia, Miq. . 292 
 bifaria, Wall. . . 285 
 ce^vlanica, Wight . 285 
 chinensis, Br. . . 285 
 chineims, H. f. & T. 285 
 coveorarpa, Korth . 284 
 elii plica, Gard. . .284 
 eupristay Korth . .285 
 fasciculata. Wall. , 284 
 jasciculata. Ham. . 285 
 japonica, Thiinb. . 284 
 lasiopctala, Gardn. . 283 
 lucida, Wall. . . 285 
 vicmbranacea,{3a,rdn. 285 
 multiflora, DC. . . 285 
 nitida, Korth. . . 284 
 parrifolia, Gardn. . 285 
 pfn/lhinfhnidrs, Bl. . 284 
 Roxburgh ii, Wall. . 284 
 mlicl folia, Bl. . .285 
 scrrata, Bl. . . . 285 
 symplocina, Bl. . . 284 
 gystyla, Miq. . .284 
 trichocju'pa, Korth. 285 
 trichuyyua, Bl. . . 285 
 trintyla, W. & A. . 284 
 vitieiisis, A. Gray . 284 
 Wallichiana, IManc. 285 
 Wi'jhtiana, Wight . 284 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 284 
 Euryale, ISalisb. . . .115 
 ferox, Salish. . . .115 
 indica, Planch. . .115 
 Eurycoma, Jagk. . .521 
 apiculata A . W. Benn. 522 
 longi folia, Jack. . .521 
 merguenniis. Planch. 621 
 tavoi^ana. Wall. . .521 
 EuSIMAKUBEiE . . . 517 
 Eusynaxis barringtoni- 
 
 CBfolia, Griff. . . 290 
 
 EUTHEMIDKJ! . . . 523 
 
 Eutheniis, Jack. . . 626 
 
 ?elegantiKisiraa, H{a^^. 5"J6 
 
 elegaiUiasima, ? Wall. 525 
 
 leucocarpa, Jack. . 526 
 
 minor, Jack. . . . 526 
 
 ? pulchcrrima. Wall. 525 
 
 Eutrenia. Br. . . . 151 
 
 iiimalaicum,ir./.<£;r. li)2 
 
715 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 primulasfolium, H.f. 
 
 
 Ficaria glacialis,¥i8ch . 
 
 21 
 
 &T. 
 
 152 
 
 Filicium, Thw. . . . 
 
 539 
 
 Evodia, Font. . . . 
 
 487 
 
 decipiens, Thw. . . 
 
 539 
 
 accedevs, Miq. . . 
 
 489 
 
 Firmiana colorata, Br. 
 
 360 
 
 fraxinifulia, Z^./. 
 
 490 
 
 Fissisligma scaiiO.>ray, 
 
 
 glabra, M. . . . 
 
 489 
 
 Griff. . . . . 
 
 80 
 
 glauca, Miq. . 
 
 490 
 
 Flffcourtia, Cotnvi. . . 
 
 19' 
 
 gracilis^ Kuiz . . 
 
 4o.^. 
 
 CatapLracta, Jioxb. . 
 
 IdZ 
 
 Lamar ckiana, Benth 
 
 488 
 
 Cataphracta, Bl. 
 
 192 
 
 latifulia, DC. . . . 
 
 489 
 
 Cataphractciy'Wsdl. . 
 
 194 
 
 Marambong, Miq. . 
 
 487 
 
 *cordifolia, Roxb. . 
 
 194 
 
 melic-efolia, Benth. . 
 
 490 
 
 crenata, Wall. . . 
 
 191 
 
 peduuculosa, H.f. . 
 
 489 
 
 ferox, Wall. . . . 
 
 194 
 
 tobusta, H.f. . . . 
 
 488 
 
 inevmi^ /■Th. . . 
 
 192 
 
 Roxburghiana,^m//\. 
 
 467 
 
 vitcrDiis, Wall. . 
 
 190 
 
 rutsecarpa, H.f. d; T. 
 
 490 
 
 inermis, Miq. . . 
 
 192 
 
 tripbylla, DC. . . 
 
 488 
 
 Jangomas, Miq. . . 
 
 193 
 
 triphylla, Bedd. . . 
 
 487 
 
 mollis, H. f dt T. . 
 
 192 
 
 viticiua, Wuli. . . 
 
 489 
 
 montaua, Grah. . . 
 
 192 
 
 
 
 montana, Zipp. . 
 
 192 
 
 Fagara ? Budrunga, 
 
 
 nivea. Moon . . . 
 
 194 
 
 Roxb. . . . . 
 
 495 
 
 obcorduta, Roxb. 
 
 194 
 
 Lunur-ankenda, 
 
 
 ? Perotletiana, Clos 
 
 193 
 
 Gsertn. . . -. . 
 
 487 
 
 ? quintuplinervis, 
 
 
 Jthettsa, Roxb. . . . 
 
 495 
 
 Turcz 
 
 192 
 
 triphyUa, Koxb. . 
 
 487 
 
 Ramontehi, VHer. . 
 
 193 
 
 triphyUa, Lamk. 
 
 488 
 
 RamontcM, Wall. . 
 
 193 
 
 Fagonia, Linn. . . . 
 
 425 
 
 * rotundifolia,Roxh 
 
 194 
 
 arabica, Linn. . . 
 
 425 
 
 Rukam, Zoll. & Mor. 
 
 192 
 
 Bruguieri, DC. . . 
 
 425 
 
 sapida, Roxb. . . 
 
 193 
 
 crctica var. Anders. 
 
 425 
 
 sapida, Wall. . . . 
 
 191 
 
 Echindla, Boiss. 
 
 425 
 
 sepiaria, Roxb. . . 
 
 194 
 
 montanay Miq. . . 
 
 425 
 
 stigmarota, Wall. . 
 
 190 
 
 mysorensis. Roth , 
 
 425 
 
 ,stimatrana, Planch. . 
 
 192 
 
 Fagrcea ? dubia, Wall. 
 
 281 
 
 Wight iana, Wall. . 
 
 194 
 
 Farsetia, Desv. . . . 
 
 140 
 
 Flacourtiacea . . . 
 
 419 
 
 segyptiaca, Twr. . . 
 
 140 
 
 Fl.\courtie.e . . . 
 
 189 
 
 Edgeivorthii,B..(.&T. 
 
 141 
 
 Flourensia ccespitosa, 
 
 
 Hamiltonii, Royle . 
 
 140 
 
 Camb 
 
 243 
 
 Jacquemontii, B.f. 
 
 
 Fluegqia leucopyrus. 
 
 
 dbT. 
 
 140 
 
 Wight . . . . 
 
 191 
 
 linearis, Dene. . . 
 
 140 
 
 Frankenia, Linn. . . 
 
 212 
 
 longinliquaf Dene. . 
 
 140 
 
 pulverulenta, Linn. . 
 
 212 
 
 ovalis, Boiss. . . . 
 
 141 
 
 Frankkniace^ . . 
 
 211 
 
 £eronia, Giurtn.- . . . 
 
 5:.G 
 
 Frrziera ? attenuata, 
 
 
 El.'pli'iutum, Oorrea 
 
 5\6 
 
 Wall. . . . . 
 
 290 
 
 pellucid a. Roth . , 
 
 617 
 
 Fumaria, Linn. 
 
 127 
 
 Fibraurea, Lour. . . 
 
 97 
 
 parvifiora, Lamk. . 
 
 128 
 
 chloroleuca, Miers . 
 
 98 
 
 FUMARIACEJ5. . . * 
 
 120 
 
 fasciculata, Miers . 
 
 98 
 
 Gim-tnera laurifoliay 
 
 
 tinctoria, Lour. . . 
 
 98 
 
 Herb. Madr. . . 
 
 419 
 
 tinctoria, Miers . . 
 
 98 
 
 racemosa, Roxb. . 
 
 418 
 
 ? /mniatocarpa, H. f. 
 
 
 Galledoa pentaphylla, 
 
 
 & T 
 
 106 
 
 Rcem. . . 
 
 504 
 
 Page 
 graveolens, Rcem. . 505 
 
 Ganitrus sphcerica, 
 
 Gsertn 400 
 
 Garcinia, Linn. . .259 
 ucmuiaata, Planch. 2j4 
 aMnis, Wall. . 260, 266 
 
 ' aM).i!i, W. & A. . .262 
 Audersoni, Hk. f. . 270 
 anomala, PL & Tr. 266 
 atro-viridis, Griff. . 266 
 bancana, Miq. . . 263 
 Bhumirowa, Roxb. . 266 
 Carnbogia, Desr. . 261 
 C(':/ibogiuides, Royle 205 
 celcbica, Desr. . .261 
 celebica, Linn. . . 260 
 Choisyana, Wall. . 265 
 ' comcarpa, Wight . 262 
 cornea, Linn. . . 260 
 Cowa, Roxb. . . .262 
 echinocarpa, Thw. . 264 
 elliptica, Wall. 262, 264 
 eugenicBfolia, Wall. 268 
 Gaudichaudl, PI. & 
 
 Tr 265 
 
 Griffithii, Anders. . 266 
 Gutta, Wight . .264 
 heterandra, Wall. . 265 
 indica, Chois. . 261, 262 
 Kydia, Roxb. . . 262 
 Kydiana, Laness. . 262 
 lancefefolia,A'o:c6.261,263 
 lateriflora, Bl. . . 265 
 lobalosa, Wall. 262, 264 
 loii'iceroides, Anders . 264 
 mftcrophylla, Andera'. 270 
 Maingayi, Hk.f. . 267 
 malaccensis, Hk. f. . 261 
 Man.f^o?+afia, Linn. . 2'JO 
 njer..M;en;iis, ^ tl ight . 267- 
 Morella, Desr.. 261, 264 
 + nervosa, Miq. 
 nigro-lineata,y^Zfmr/^, 263 
 ovalifolia, Hk. f. . 269 
 oxyphylla, I'l. & Tr. 263 
 paniculata, Roxb. . 266 
 
 ■ papilla, Wight . .262 
 pedunculata, Roxb. 264 
 pictoria, Roxb. . .264 
 ptirpurei, Roxb. . 261 
 puipurea. Wall. . . 263 
 Roxburghii, -^ ight . 262 
 speciosa, Wall. 260, 267 
 X spectabilis, . . . 261 
 
 * At page 394 H. cordifolia and rotundifolia should be F. etc. 
 
 + G. Andersoni, H.f. p. 270 is equal to G. nervo.sa, Miq., which is omitted. 
 
 X For G. spectabilis under G. malaccensis, p. 261, read G. speciosa. 
 
716 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 stipulata, Anders. . 267 
 succifolia, Kurz . 270 
 terpnophylla, Thw. 268 
 travancorica, Bedd. 268 
 umbeUifera, Wall. . 263 
 unibdlifera, Roxb. . 262 
 xenidosa, Chois. . . 263 
 * Wallichiana, Chois. 263 
 Wallichii, Chois. . 262 
 Wightii, T. Anders. 265 
 xanthoohytnus,^^^/. 269 
 zeylanica, Roxb. . 262 
 Garuga, Roxb. . . . 521? 
 ? madagaiscariensu, 
 
 DC 628 
 
 pinnata, Jioxb. . . 628 
 Gela lanceolafa. Lour. 498 
 Gemella trifolia, Lour. 674 
 Geranik^ .... 426 
 Geraniace^ . . . 426 
 Gkraiiiura, Linn. . . 428 
 aconitifolium, L'Her. 429 
 ajjine, W. & A. . .431 
 ArnoUia7ium,Sievid. 431 
 Backhoimanuin, Re- 
 gel .-... . 430 
 hicolor, Royle . . 433 
 cJiooren.i€, Royle . 433 
 colliuuiu, M.Ji. . . 429 
 JJonianum, Wall. . 430 
 Donianum, Hk. f. 
 
 & T 431 
 
 criostemon, Don . .430 
 (/randiJlorum,E(\y:w. 430 
 Grevilleauuin, Wall. 430 
 heterotrichon, Sm. . 433 
 himalayense, 
 
 Klotisch . . .429 
 l(evigatum, Royle . 433 
 ? Laniberti, Sw. . . 430 
 ? Lawianutn, Grab. 427 
 Lindleyanum, Royle 433 
 luciduin, Linn. . . 4o3 
 molle, Linn. . . . 432 
 
 mwltijidum, Don . 430 
 nepalense, Sv). . .430 
 ocellatuiu, Camb. . 433 
 pallidum, Royle. . 431 
 ?palustre, i///m. . . 430 
 patens, Royle . . 431 
 peduuculatum, Royle 433 
 polyanthes, Edgw. d: 
 H.f. ... . . 431 
 
 potentilloides, Klotz. 432 
 pratense, Linn. . .429 
 jjUiiillum, Linn. . .482 
 
 Page 
 
 radicans, DC. . . 431 
 
 rectum, Trautv. . . 429 
 
 refractuiu, Edgw. . 428 
 
 Robertiaiium, Linn. 432 
 
 rotundifolium, Linn. 432 
 
 sibiricuni, Zii'/m. . . 431 
 
 Tuberjiria, Camb. . 431 
 
 Wallichianum, *S'm;. . 430 
 
 Gilibtrtia natuyu, DC. 667 
 
 Glenuiea, Hk. f. . . 682 
 
 zeylanica, Hk. f. . 682 
 
 Gloitsosjjertnum ? cor- 
 
 datum. Wall. . . 374 
 ? quinque-aJatum^ 
 
 Wall 393 
 
 velutinum. Wall. . 374 
 
 Glycosmis, Correa . . 499 
 
 angiustifolia. Lindl. . 600 
 
 aiburea, DC. . . . 600 
 
 bilocularis, Thw. . 600 
 
 ckylorarpa, W. & A. 600 
 
 crenulafa, Turcz. . 601 
 
 macrocarpa, Wight . 600 
 
 macropht^Ua, Liudl. 600 
 
 nitida, W. & A. . . 60C 
 
 pentaphylla, Coi-rea 499 
 
 jaiberiila, Lindl. . 601 
 Rftzi, K«ra. . . .600 
 
 SJipimioides, Lindl. . 601 
 
 trip/iyUa, Wight . . 600 
 
 Glyptopetalum, T/no. . 612 
 
 grauditiorum, Bidd. 613 
 
 sclerocjirpum, Kurz 613 
 
 zeylanicum, Thw. . 612 
 
 Goldbacbia, DO. . .166 
 lievjgata, DC. . .166 
 
 toriUoaa, DC. . . . 1 66 
 
 Goiuphaiidra, WalL. . 685 
 
 aftinis, Maxf. . . . 686 
 
 axillaris, Wall. . . 686 
 
 coriacea, Wight . . 586 
 
 ?cra8sipes, Mast. . 687 
 
 penangiana, Wall. . 687 
 
 polymorpha, Wight . 586 
 
 ■ polymorpha, Wight . 686 
 
 tomentelia, Mast. . 687 
 
 Goiuphia, Schreb. . .625 
 
 angustifolia, Vahl . 625 
 
 Hookeri, Planch. . 625 
 
 malabarica, DC. . . 625 
 
 suniatrana, Jack. . 525 
 
 suvmtrensis, Plauch. 526 
 
 umbeUata, H.f. . . 525 
 
 zeylanica, DC. . . 522 
 
 Gouiothalaiuus, Bl. . 76 
 cardiopetalus.i/./.tt'T. 75 
 
 Page 
 fulvus, H.f. <L' T. . 75 
 Gardneri, //,/. <k T. 73 
 giganteiis, H.f. d: T. 75 
 Griffith ii, H.f. db T. 73 
 Hookeri, Thiv. . . 73 
 macrophyllus, H.f. 
 
 ci T 74 
 
 malayanus, //./. tO 1\ 75 
 reticulatus, Ihw. . 75 
 ealicinus, H. f.JcT. 76 
 sesqui pedal is, H.f. 
 
 d;T. .... 73 
 Simonsii, //./. tfc- T. 74 
 Thoiusoni, Thw. . . 74 
 Thwaitesii, J7./.a;r. 72 
 Walkeni, H. f. ds T. 74 
 Wightii, H. f. db T. 76 
 wynaadensis, Bedd. . 74 
 
 Gordonia, Ellis . . .290 
 acuminata. Wall., 
 
 282, 290 
 anomala. Spr. . . 292 
 Chilaania, Ham. . 289 
 d'Caudra, Roxb. . 417 
 elliptica, Gardn. . 291 
 excelsa, Bl. . . . 291 
 Jloribunda, W^all. . 289 
 intcgrifolia, Roxb. . 289 
 Maiiigayi, Dyei' . .291 
 mollis, Wall. . . .288 
 oblata, Roxb. . . .289 
 obtusa, Wall. . .291 
 obtu^ifolia, Wight . 291 
 parvifoiia, Wight . 291 
 
 • '{ pcduncidaris, Wall. 416 
 reticulata. Wall. . . 282 
 singopuriana. Wall. 291 
 speciusa, Thw. . . 292 
 supcrba, H. f. & T. . 289 
 Wallichii, DC. . . 289 
 zeylanica, Wight . 291 
 
 Gordon I KiK .... 279 
 
 Gossautpinus rubra, 
 
 Ham 349 
 
 Gossypiura, Linn. . . 346 
 acuminatum, Roxb. 347 
 albtcm, W, & A. . . 34 6 
 arborcum, Linn. . . 347 
 barbadense, Linn. . 347 
 herbficeum, Linn. . 346 
 himutum, Linn. . . 347 
 indicum, Lamk. . . 346 
 micranthum, DC. . 346 
 nigrum. Ham. . ,347 
 nigrum, W. & A. .347 
 obtusifolium^ Roxb. 347 
 
 * For Wallichiana p. 263> uader G. Cowa read Wallichii. 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNOI^YMS. 
 
 1? 
 
 Page 
 
 peruvianum, Cav. . 347 
 
 relif/iosum, Roxb. . 347 
 
 religiosum, Pari. . 347 
 
 rubicundum, Roxb. 347 
 
 Stocksix, Mast. . . 346 
 
 vitifolium, Lamk. . 347 
 
 • vitifolium, Roxb. . 347 
 
 Gouania, Linn. . . .643 
 
 inteffvifolia, Kurz . 643 
 
 lanceolata. Wall. . 644 
 
 leptostachya, DC. . 643 
 
 microcarpa, DC. . . 643 
 
 napalensis, Wall. . 644 
 
 tilicefolia, Heyne . 643 
 
 GrOUANIE^ .... 630 
 
 Gouffeia crassiuscula, 
 
 Camb 241 
 
 Oranatum littoreum, 
 
 •-Runiph. ... 567 
 
 Grewia, Linn. ,. . . 383 
 abutilifolia, Jiiss. . 390 
 acuminata, Juss. . 389 
 a^^nis, Liiidl. . . .393 
 ajjinis, Hassk. . .393 
 angustifolia. Wall. . 391 
 araria, Wall. . . .386 
 arbor ea, Roth . .386 
 asiatica, Linn. . .386 
 aslatica, Wall. 387, 390 
 aspera, Roxb, . .390 
 bef/onifoUa, Wall. .393 
 betv.lcefolia, Juss. . 3S5 
 bicolor, Roth . .385 
 bicolor; Juss. . . .386 
 biloba, Wall. . . . 3J^1 
 bijxtrtita, Wall. . . 388 
 . Blumei, Hassk. . . 393 
 bracteata, Roth . . 389 
 bracteata, Miq. . . 383 
 calophylla, Kurz . . 392 
 carpinifolia, Jnss. . 387 
 carpinifolia, Wall. . 383 
 carpinifolia. Roth . 384 
 carpinifolia, Roxb. . 388 
 Carrea, Ham. . . 387 
 ? caudata. Wall. . .379 
 coliimnaris, Srn. . . 383 
 comniutata, DC. . . 388 
 coriacea, Garcke . 388 
 coi'i^lifolia, Guill. & 
 
 Perr 388 
 
 didyma, Roxb. . .389 
 dipiocarpa, Thw. . 390 
 disperma, Rottl. . 389 
 elastica, Royle . . 387 
 emarginata, W.dhA. 384 
 excelsa, Vahl . . 385 
 ferriiyinea, Hochst. 389 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Pa?e 
 
 fibrocarpa, Mast. 
 
 391 
 
 salvifolia, ffeyne .- . 
 
 386 
 
 Jlavescens, Juss. 
 
 388 
 
 salvifoUa, Roxb. 
 
 385 
 
 glabra, Jack . 
 
 393 
 
 salvifolia, Wall. . . 
 
 391 
 
 global ifera, Mast. . 
 helicterifolia, Wall. 
 
 391 
 
 sapida, Roxb. . . 
 
 887 
 
 391 
 
 saxatilis, Ham. . 
 
 391 
 
 htteroclita, Roxb. . 
 
 379 
 
 scabrida, Wall. . 
 
 389 
 
 heterotriclia, Mast. 
 
 385 
 
 scabrida, Wall. , , 
 
 388 
 
 hirsuta, Vahl . . 
 
 391 
 
 scabrophylla, Roxb. 
 
 387 
 
 hirsuta, Wall. . . 
 
 391 
 
 sclerophylla, Wall. 
 
 387 
 
 humilis, Wall.. . 
 
 390 
 
 sepiaHa, Roxb. . . 
 
 388 
 
 involucrata, Wall. . 
 
 384 
 
 serrulata, DC. . . 
 
 388 
 
 involucrata, Wight. 
 
 388 
 
 sinuata, Wall. . 
 
 392 
 
 lav/ij^ata, Vald . 
 
 389 
 
 subincequalis, DC. 
 
 386 
 
 Lalpeta, Ham. . . 
 
 389 
 
 subiruBqualis, Wall. 
 
 386 
 
 ? lancecefolia, Roxb. 
 
 391 
 
 suffruticosa. Ham. 
 
 387 
 
 lanceolata, Hb. Hey. 
 
 391 
 
 sulcata, Wall. . 
 
 387 
 
 lancifolia, Grah.^ . 
 
 391 
 
 Sulcoria, Ham. . . 
 
 391 
 
 latifolia, Mast. . . 
 
 392 
 
 tilisefolia, Vahl . . 
 
 386 
 
 laurifolia, Hook . 
 
 392 
 
 ulmi/olia, Roxb. 
 
 392 
 
 loiKjifol'ia, Hara. 
 
 391 
 
 umbellata, Roxb. . 
 
 385 
 
 macrophylla, G. Don 
 
 390 
 
 umhellifera, Bedd. 
 
 ^8 
 
 Microcos, Linn. . . 
 
 392 
 
 variabilis. Wall. . 
 
 386 
 
 microstemma. Wall. 
 
 390 
 
 vestita, Wall. . . . 
 
 &&7 
 
 mollococca, Ham. 
 
 389 
 
 viUosa, Willd. . 
 
 388 
 
 multiflora, Juss. . 
 
 388 
 
 viminea, Wall. . 
 
 391 
 
 nana, Wall. . . . 
 
 387 
 
 Grewie^ . . . 
 
 380 
 
 obligua, Roxb. . 
 
 387 
 
 Guarea acuminata, 
 
 
 obtecta, Wall. . 
 
 387 
 
 Wall. . . . 
 
 574 
 
 o6«wsa,Wall.383,384,389 
 
 Alliaria, Ham. . 
 
 648 
 
 odorata, Bl. . . 
 
 389 
 
 ? Amaris, Ham. 
 
 . 546 
 
 oppositifolia, Eoxb. . 
 
 384 
 
 hinectarifera, Roxb 
 
 546 
 
 orbicularis, G. Don 
 
 386 
 
 diayphonia. Griff. 
 
 . 547 
 
 orbiculata, Rottl. 
 
 386 
 
 Gobara, Ham. . 
 
 547 
 
 orhiculata. Wall. . 
 
 386 
 
 Gotadhora, Buch. 
 
 . 546 
 
 orbiculata, G. Don . 
 
 ;'88 
 
 gravdis; Wall. . 
 
 547 
 
 orien talis, Linn. 
 
 384 
 
 mollis. Wall. . . 
 
 . 548 
 
 orientaiis, Vahl . 
 
 383 
 
 oblonga, Wall. . 
 
 547 
 
 orientalis, Wall. . 
 
 384 
 
 oblongifolia, Griff. 
 
 . 567 
 
 orientaiis, Gsertn. 
 
 388 
 
 - paniculata. Wall. 
 
 548 
 
 ovalifolia,' Wight 
 
 384 
 
 paniculata, Roxb. 
 
 . 552 
 
 ovalifoUa, .Juss. . 
 
 389 
 
 proccra. Wall. 
 
 . 547 
 
 pauioulata, Jloxh. 
 
 393 
 
 Guatteria acutifolia, 
 
 
 pcdicdlata, Roxb. . 
 
 385 
 
 Wall. . . . 
 
 . 89 
 
 pilosa, Lamk. 
 
 388 
 
 acutiflora. Wall. 
 
 64 
 
 pilosa, Wall. 383, 
 
 384, 
 
 bifaria, A. DC. . 
 
 62 
 
 387 
 
 , 389 
 
 biglandulosa, Bl. 
 
 . Qo 
 
 pilosa, Roxb. . 390 
 
 , 391 
 
 brevipetala, Miq. 
 
 %Q 
 
 polygama, Roxb. 
 
 391 
 
 caudata. Wall. . 
 
 85 
 
 populifolia, Vahl 
 
 385 
 
 cerasoides. Dun. 
 
 . 64 
 
 pundla, Hara. . 
 
 387 
 
 cinnamomea. Wall. 
 
 . 65 
 
 retusifolid, Kurz 
 
 390 
 
 coffcoides, Thw. . 
 
 . 62 
 
 rhamnifolia, Roth, . 
 
 384 
 
 cordata. Dun. 
 
 . 49 
 
 rigida. Ham. 
 
 385 
 
 costata, H. f. & T. 
 
 67 
 
 Ritchiei, Mast. . 
 
 389 
 
 fasciculata. Wall. 
 
 63 
 
 Bothii, DO. . . 
 
 385 
 
 fragrans, Dalz. . 
 
 63 
 
 rotandifolia, Juss. 
 
 386 
 
 glnbusa, A. DC. . 
 
 87 
 
 Roxbargkii, G, Don 
 
 391 
 
 Jenkinsii, H. f. &T 
 
 64 
 
 rugosa, Wall. 
 
 . 393 
 
 Korinti, Dun. . 
 
 . 64 
 
718 
 
 'INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 laurifolia. Grab. . 
 
 93 
 
 Hubzdia ferrvginea, 
 
 
 Ileritiera. -■ ''. . . 
 
 362 
 
 longifolia, Wall. . 
 
 62 
 
 H. f. & T. . . . 
 
 83 
 
 a</C7.aato. Wall., 86J,517 
 
 macrophylla, Bl. 
 
 66 
 
 oxyantha^ H. f. 
 
 
 Fomes, Buch. 
 
 363 
 
 Malabarica, Dun. . 
 
 51 
 
 ftT 
 
 83 
 
 Fomes, Wall. . . . 
 
 363 
 
 membranacea, A. DC 
 
 68 
 
 Haematncarpus, Miers . 
 
 106 
 
 littoralis, Dryand. . 
 
 363 
 
 micrantha, A. DC. . 
 
 61 
 
 Tboinsoni, Miers . 
 
 106 
 
 macrophylla, Hort. . 
 
 363 
 
 monfana, DC. . 
 
 61 
 
 ffapalosa Loejlingice, 
 
 
 minor, Roxb. . . 
 
 363 
 
 rmiltinervis, Wall. . 
 
 65 
 
 Wall. .... 
 
 245 
 
 Papilio, Bedd. . . 
 
 363 
 
 nitida, A . DC. . . 
 
 64 
 
 Harpullia. Roxb. . . 
 
 691 
 
 Hermannia alni folia. 
 
 
 pallida, H. f. & T. . 
 
 67 
 
 cupanoides, Roxb. . 
 
 692 
 
 Wall 
 
 322 
 
 persica;folia,Il.t&1 
 
 '. 66 
 
 imbricata, Thw. 
 
 692 
 
 Hbrmannibjb . . . 
 
 354 
 
 ramosissima, Wall. 
 
 68 
 
 Hanisonia, Br. . . 
 
 619 
 
 Hespercthusa addis- 
 
 
 sesquipedalis, Wall. 
 
 73 
 
 Bennetii, H.f. . . 
 
 619 
 
 sima, Roera. . . 
 
 607 
 
 siviiaT^m, Ham. 
 
 63 
 
 Brownii ?, Kurz 
 
 519 
 
 ambigua, Roera . 
 
 507 
 
 suberosa, DC. . . 
 
 65 
 
 Hartigsea Alliaria, 
 
 
 crenula.ta^ Rcem. 
 
 507 
 
 iinoncefoUa^ A. DC. 
 
 71 
 
 Am 
 
 548 
 
 Heteropktaljs . . . 
 
 380 
 
 vcliiiina, A. DC. 
 
 87 
 
 Gobara, W. & A. . 
 
 647 
 
 Heteropy.xis, Griff. 
 
 352 
 
 Guazuroa, Plum. 
 
 375 
 
 ram'ifloro,, Griflf. . . 
 
 649 
 
 iieynea, Roxb. . . . 
 
 565 
 
 , tomeutosa, Kunth. 
 
 375 
 
 Ilebradtndron cambo- 
 
 
 ajfinis, Juss. . 
 
 665 
 
 ' ulnvfolia, Wall. . 
 
 376 
 
 gioides, Grab. 
 
 265 
 
 connaroides, Wight 
 
 565 
 
 ^%^la chluroxyloTif 
 
 
 Choiityavum, Cbois. 
 
 265 
 
 pubcscens, Kurz . . 
 
 565 
 
 Ham 
 
 371 
 
 Wallichii. Cbois. . 
 
 265 
 
 quinrpirjuga. Roxb. . 
 
 665 
 
 ^va. Ham. . . . 
 
 370 
 
 ffedera hypoglauca. 
 
 
 trifoliata, Juss. . 
 
 664 
 
 A^.vea, n^all. . . 
 
 371 
 
 Hance .... 
 
 663 
 
 trijuga, Roxb. 
 
 565 
 
 Gu&iijiua nalugu^ Spr. 
 
 667 
 
 Helicteres. Linn. . . 
 
 365 
 
 HiBISOEJB .... 
 
 318 
 
 Ouhifera, . . 266, 
 
 267 
 
 angustifolia, Linn. . 
 
 365 
 
 Hibiscus, Medik. . . 
 
 334 
 
 GuTTIFKRiB . . . . 
 
 268 
 618 
 
 cartha/jenensin. Wall 
 
 366 
 
 Abelmoschus. Linn. 
 
 342 
 
 Gymnosporia, W. d: A. 
 
 chrysocalyx, Miq. . 
 
 365 
 
 acerlfollus, Wall. . 
 
 338 
 
 acuminata, H.f. 
 
 619 
 
 elongata, Wall. . . 
 
 365 
 
 aculeatus, Ro*.b. 
 
 335 
 
 eiMV;".ifita, Roth. . 
 
 621 
 
 glabriuscula, Wall. . 
 
 366 
 
 cfduans. Wall. . . 
 
 338 
 
 Falcoiitii, hrws. 
 
 6-:o 
 
 grew i(ef alia., Wall. . 
 
 366 
 
 astuans. Rottl. . . 
 
 344 
 
 fruticosa, Thw. . . 
 
 619 
 
 hirsutal Hb.Ham. 
 
 366 
 
 albwH, Wall. . . . 
 
 836 
 
 Heyneana, W.d:A.. 
 
 620 
 
 Isora, Linn. . . . 
 
 365 
 
 angulosus, Mast. 
 
 341 
 
 montana, Roxb. . . 
 
 621 
 
 lanceolata, DC. . 
 
 365 
 
 Anwiti, Griff. . 
 
 344 
 
 neglecta, Wall. . . 
 
 619 
 
 lanigera. Wall. . 
 
 366 
 
 asperatus, Wall. 
 
 338 
 
 oblanceolata, Lavjs. 
 
 619 
 
 long! folia, Wall. 
 
 366 
 
 bifarcatus, Roxb. . 
 
 385 
 
 ovata, Wall. . . . 
 
 619 
 
 oblovga, Wall. . . 
 
 366 
 
 borbonicm, Wight . 
 
 337 
 
 puberula, Laws. . 
 
 619 
 
 obtusa, Wall. . . 
 
 366 
 
 canaranus, Miq. 
 
 341 
 
 Rothiana, W. d- A. . 
 
 620 
 
 plebeja, Kurz , . . 
 
 366 
 
 cancellatus, Roxb. . 
 
 342 
 
 Rovleana, Wall. . . 
 
 620 
 
 Roxburghii, G. Don 
 
 365 
 
 canescens, Ileyne . 
 
 337 
 
 rufa, Wall. . . . 
 
 620 
 
 spicata, Colcbr. . . 
 
 366 
 
 cannabiuus, Linn. 
 
 339 
 
 ruculosa. Laws. . 
 
 621 
 
 ? spinulosa. Wall. . 
 
 366 
 
 chinensis. Wall. . 
 
 342' 
 
 salicifulia. Laws. 
 
 619 
 
 vestita. Wall. . . 
 
 366 
 
 clandestinus, Cav. . 
 
 335 
 
 Wallichlana, Spr. . 
 
 621.. 
 
 virgafa, Wall. 
 
 365 
 
 collinus, Roxb. . . 
 
 338 
 
 Gynandropsis, DC. 
 
 170 
 
 HELICTKRE.K . . . 
 
 853 
 
 coriaceus, Heyne 
 
 332 
 
 pentaphylla, DC. . 
 
 171 
 
 Jlelie atnlantioides, 
 
 
 crofonifolius. Wall. 
 
 332 
 
 Qynocardia, Br. 
 
 195 
 
 Roera 
 
 608 
 
 cuspidatus, Edgw. . 
 
 338 
 
 odorata, Br. . . . 
 
 195 
 
 Helinus, E. Mey. . . 
 
 644 
 
 dissectus, Wall. . . 
 
 334 
 
 Q.^i{oiephalum bractea- 
 
 
 lanceolatus, Brandis 644 
 
 diversifolius, Jacq. . 
 
 339 
 
 turn. Tree. . . 
 
 592 
 
 Hkli.kborej! . . 
 
 1 
 
 eriocarpus, DC. 
 
 338 
 
 giganteum, Tree. . 
 
 591 
 
 Hemigyrosa, Bl. 
 
 670 
 
 esculentus, Linn. . 
 
 343 
 
 oblongum, Tree. 
 
 592 
 
 canescens, Thw. . . 
 
 671 
 
 ficulneus, Linn. . 
 
 339 
 
 palmatujn, Trdc. 
 
 592 
 
 defici^ns, Bedd. . . 
 
 671 
 
 , fiavfscens, Cav. . 
 
 342 
 
 Gypsophiia, Linn. 
 
 216 
 
 longifolia, Hiern. . 
 
 671 
 
 floccosus, Mast. . 
 
 343 
 
 cerastioides, Don 
 
 217 
 
 trichocarpa, Thw. 
 
 671 
 
 fragrans, Roxb. . . 
 
 337 
 
 sedifolia, Kurz. . . 
 
 217 
 
 Hemiphractum oxyan 
 
 
 furcatus, Roxb. . . 
 
 335 
 
 Stewartii, Thorns. . 
 
 216 
 
 drum, Turcz. . . 
 
 313 
 
 furcatus, Wall. . 
 
 334 
 
 Tibetica, H. f. & T. . 
 
 217 
 
 Hepatica, sp. . . 
 
 . 8 
 
 gangeticus, Roxb. 
 
 345 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 719 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Gibsoni, Stocks . . 
 
 339 
 
 sidoides, W. & A. . 
 
 338 
 
 Finlaysoniana,Wa.l\ 
 
 422 
 
 heptaphyllus, Dalz. 
 
 
 simplex, Roxb. . . 
 
 338 
 
 Ursula, -Wall. . . 
 
 421 
 
 & Gibs. . . . 
 
 835 
 
 sinuatus, Cav. 
 
 3^0 
 
 indica, Roxb. 
 
 420 
 
 hirtus, Linn. . . 
 
 335 
 
 solandra, LHer. 
 
 indica, Wall. . . 
 
 421 
 
 hirtus, Buch. . . 
 
 342 
 
 spathaceus, Wall. 
 
 342 
 
 lanuginosa, Wall. 
 
 421 
 
 hispidissimus. Griffs 
 
 335 
 
 strictus, Roxb. . . 
 
 340 
 
 Mcrguensis, Wight 
 
 420 
 
 hosUlis, Wo.ll. . . 
 
 342 
 
 suborUculatus, Wall 
 
 336 
 
 nutans, WaU. 
 
 421 
 
 intermedius, ^.i^ic^ 336 
 
 Burattensis, Linn. 
 
 334 
 
 nutans, Roxb. 
 
 421 
 
 laguneoides, Edgw. . 
 
 340 
 
 syriacus, Linn. . . 
 
 344 
 
 orbiculata, Roxb. 
 
 421 
 
 Lampas, Cav. . . 
 
 345 
 
 tetralocidaris, Roxb 
 
 345 
 
 oxyphTjlla, Wail. 
 
 420 
 
 liliiJlo7'Uis, Griff. 
 
 344 
 
 tetraphyllus, Roxb. .' 
 
 341 
 
 Holboellia, Wall. . . 
 
 108 
 
 Lindleii, Wall. -. . 
 
 335 
 
 tiliaceus, Linn. . . 
 
 343 
 
 acuminata, Lindl. 
 
 108 
 
 longrfolius, Roxb. . 
 
 343 
 
 tortuosus, Roxb. 
 
 343 
 
 angusti folia. Wall. 
 
 108 
 
 lunariifolins, Willd. 
 
 338 
 
 tricuspis. Banks . . 
 
 344 
 
 latifolia, WaU. . 
 
 108 
 
 macrophyllus, Roxb. 
 
 337 
 
 Trionum, Linn. . 
 
 334 
 
 Eolopeira auriculata. 
 
 
 Manihot, Linn. . . 
 
 341 
 
 truncatus, Roxb. 
 
 338 
 
 Miers . . . 
 
 101 
 
 . micranthus, Linn. . 
 
 335 
 
 tubulosus, Cav. . 
 
 838 
 
 ausfralis, Miers . 
 
 101 
 
 mutabilis, Linu . . 
 
 344 
 
 velutinus, DC. . . 
 
 338 
 
 fasiformis, Miers . 
 
 101 
 
 obtusifolius, Willd. . 
 
 338 
 
 venustus, Bl. . 
 
 344 
 
 Ifeviuscyla, Miers 
 
 101 
 
 odoratus, Roxb. . . 
 
 331 
 
 vesicarius, ('av. . . 
 
 334 
 
 laurifolia, Miers 
 
 101 
 
 ovalifoUus, Vahl 
 
 336 
 
 vestitus, Griff. 
 
 337 
 
 villosa, Miers . . 
 
 1 
 
 paDdur«formis, 
 
 
 vestitus, Wall. . . 
 
 341 
 
 HoL0PKTAi.a; . . 
 
 
 , Barm 
 
 338 
 
 vitifolius, Linn. • 
 
 338 
 
 Holosteum, Linn. . \ 
 
 
 pentuphyllus, F Mu. 
 
 340 
 
 Wightianus, Wall. . 
 
 339 
 
 umbellatum, Linn.^ 
 
 7 
 
 pCntaphyllus. Roxb. 
 
 341 
 
 zeylanicus, Linn. 
 
 331 
 
 Hopea, Roxb. . . \v j#8 
 
 pKoeniceus, Willd. . 
 
 335 
 
 Hildeqardia populi- 
 
 
 decandra, Buch. 
 
 ^08 
 
 populneoides, Roxb. 
 
 345 
 
 fulia, Br. . . . 
 
 361 
 
 discolor, Thw. 
 
 310 
 
 populneus, Linn. 
 
 345 
 
 Hippocratea, L. . . 
 
 623 
 
 eglandulosa, Roxb. 
 
 308 
 
 procerus. Wall. . . 
 
 339 
 
 angulata, Griff. . . 
 
 611 
 
 faginea, Hort. Calc. 
 
 308 
 
 prostratus, Roxb. . 
 
 340 
 
 arborea, Roxb 
 
 625 
 
 faginea. Wall. . 
 
 301 
 
 pruriens, Roxb. . . 
 
 338 
 
 Arnottiana, Wight . 
 
 624 
 
 fioribmida. Wall. 
 
 304 
 
 pterospermoides, 
 
 
 barbata, F. Muell. . 
 
 623 
 
 glabra, W. cfc A. 
 
 309 
 
 Wight .... 
 
 332 
 
 Cumingii, Laws. . 
 
 624 
 
 grandiHora, Wall. 
 
 301 
 
 pumilas, Roxb. . 
 
 336 
 
 disperma, Vahl. 
 
 625 
 
 gratissima, Wall. 
 
 307 
 
 punctatus, iJalz. 
 
 340 
 
 ?disperma, Wall. . 
 
 625 
 
 Griffithii, Kurz . 
 
 310 
 
 pungens', Roxb. . . 
 
 341 
 
 euonymoides, Vabl, 
 
 625 
 
 jucuuda, Thw. . 
 
 310 
 
 racemosus, Lindl. . 
 
 338 
 
 Grahami, Wight . 
 
 624 
 
 longifolia, Dyer . 
 
 309 
 
 radiatus, Willd. . . 
 
 335 
 
 •{ grandiflora, Wall 
 
 624 
 
 micrantha, Nk. f. 
 
 310 
 
 rhombifolius, Cav. . 
 
 344 
 
 indica, Willd. . 
 
 624 
 
 ob longifolia, Dyer 
 
 309 
 
 ricinifolius, Wall. 
 
 342 
 
 lanceolata. Wall. 
 
 624 
 
 odorata, Roxb. . 
 
 308 
 
 rigidus, Linn. f. . 
 
 335 
 
 Lobbii, Laws . . . 
 
 624 
 
 odorata, Wall. . 
 
 308 
 
 rosa- malabarica, 
 
 
 Maingayi, Laws . 
 
 625 
 
 parviflora, Bedd. 
 
 308 
 
 Ker. ... . 
 
 335 
 
 obtusifolia, Roxb. . 
 
 623 
 
 parviHora, Bedd. 
 
 309 
 
 rosa- sinensis, Linn. 
 
 344 
 
 obtusifolia, Roxb. . 
 
 625 
 
 racophioga. Dyer 
 
 310 
 
 rugosus, Mast. . . 
 
 342 
 
 rigida, Hamp. . 
 
 624 
 
 scaphula, Roxb. . 
 
 301 
 
 Sabdariffa, Linn. 
 
 340 
 
 tortuosa. Wall. . . 
 
 624 
 
 sxiava, Wall. . . 
 
 304 
 
 sagittifolius, Kurz. . 
 
 342 
 
 volubilis, Heyn. . . 
 
 624 
 
 vasta. Wall. . . 
 
 *308 
 
 ? sanguineus, Gi'iff. 
 
 342 
 
 Hippocrates . . . 
 
 607 
 
 Wi^^htiana, Wall. 
 
 309 
 
 scaber, Wall. . . . 
 
 3:39 
 
 Hiptage, Gccrtn. . . 
 
 418 
 
 Wightiana, Miq. 
 
 308 
 
 scandens, Roxb. . 
 
 337 
 
 acuminata, Wall. . 
 
 419 
 
 Hovenia, Thunb. 
 
 640 
 
 scandens, Dalz. & 
 
 
 candicans, Ilk. . . 
 
 419 
 
 acerba, Lindl. 
 
 640 
 
 Gibs 
 
 336 
 
 Mada biota, Gcertn. . 
 
 418 
 
 dulcis, Thunb. 
 
 640 
 
 scindicus, Stocks 
 
 336 
 
 parvifiora, Wight . 
 
 419 
 
 iiio'qualis, DCL . 
 
 640 
 
 septemnervosus, 
 
 
 parvifolia, W. & A. 
 
 419 
 
 Hugouia, Linn. 
 
 413 
 
 Wight. . . . 
 
 337 
 
 sericea, Hk.f. . . 
 
 419 
 
 ferruginea, W. <fc A. 
 
 413 
 
 serratus, Wall. . 
 
 338 
 
 Hircea concava, WalL 
 
 420 
 
 Mystax, Linn. 
 
 413 
 
 setosus, Roxb. . . 
 
 337 
 
 cordata, Heyne . . 
 
 421 
 
 obovata. Ham. . 
 
 413 
 
 setosus, Wall. . . 
 
 338 
 
 glabriuscula, Wall. . 
 
 420 
 
 HUGOAIE^ . . . 
 
 410 
 
720 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Humea elata, Roxb. . 
 
 318 
 
 Lalandii, Chois. . . 
 
 256 
 
 Hutchinsia, Grijff. . . 
 
 139 
 
 Leschenaultii, Chois. 
 
 254- 
 
 ■procumbevs, Desv. 
 
 159 
 
 lysiniachioides, Wall. 264 
 
 tibetica. Thorns. . . 
 
 159 
 
 ■ monanthemum, B. f. 
 
 
 Hy<dosteinma Rox- 
 
 
 &T. . ... 
 
 256 
 
 bwghiana, Wall. . 
 
 87 
 
 montanum, Linn. . 
 
 256 
 
 Hydnocarpus. Gcertn. 
 
 196 
 
 myrtifolin, Spach . 
 
 253 
 
 alpina, Wu/ht. . . 
 
 197 
 
 mysorense, Betjne . 
 
 253 
 
 castanea, B. f. <S: T. 
 
 197 
 
 napaulense, CAow. 
 
 256 
 
 inehrians, Vahl. . . 
 
 196 
 
 nei-iifolium, Wall. . 
 
 257 
 
 ivebrians, Wall. . . 
 
 196 
 
 nervosum, Don . . 
 
 256 
 
 octandra, Thw. . 
 
 197 
 
 oblovgifo/iuni, Chois. 
 
 263 
 
 venenata, Gcertn. 
 
 196 
 
 oblongifol i urn , H ook 
 
 264 
 
 Wightiana, Bl. . . 
 
 196 
 
 oblongifolium, Wall. 
 
 264 
 
 Bydrocera, Bl. . . . 
 
 483 
 
 ' pttllens, Don . . 
 
 256 
 
 avf/iistifolia, Bl. . . 
 
 483 
 
 patulum, Thunb. 
 
 254 
 
 tri'flora, W. & A. . 
 
 483 
 
 perforatum, /.inn. . 
 
 255 
 
 Bydropeltis purpurea^ 
 
 
 petiolatum, Wall. . 
 
 257 
 
 Rich 
 
 113 
 
 petiolu latum, B.f. 
 
 
 Bymenoralyx varia- 
 
 
 &T. .... 
 
 266 
 
 Ulis, Zenk. . . 
 
 341 
 
 prunifolium, Dyer . 
 
 258 
 
 Hypecoum, Toum. 
 
 V20 
 
 pulchellum, Wall. . 
 
 267 
 
 leptwarpum,/r./.a;r. 120 
 
 pvsillum, Chois. 
 
 256 
 
 procumbens, Linn. . 
 
 12U 
 
 reptans, B f. db T. 
 
 256 
 
 HYPERIOKiB .... 
 
 262 
 
 rubi'um, Wight . . 
 
 255 
 
 Hypkricink^ . . . 
 
 262 
 
 iSanipsoni, Bance . 
 
 255 
 
 Bypericinea dtntaia,, 
 
 
 setuisu7H, Wall. . . 
 
 256 
 
 Wall 
 
 416 
 
 speriosum. Wall. 
 
 253 
 
 macrocarpa, Wall. . 
 
 417 
 
 tenuicaule, B. f. 
 
 
 pedunculosa, Wall. 
 
 416 
 
 &T. . . . . 
 
 254 
 
 Hypericum, Linn. . 
 
 263 
 
 triflorum, BL . . 
 
 254 
 
 acutum, Wall. . . 
 
 263 
 
 undum, Hain. . . 
 
 254 
 
 adenophorum, Wall. 
 
 256 
 
 Wiyhtianum, Wall. 
 
 266 
 
 alternifolinvi, Vahl. 
 
 294 
 
 Bypserprt cugpidata, 
 
 
 arborcicens, Vahl. . 
 
 258 
 
 Miers .... 
 
 100 
 
 hi'dcteatum, Wall. . 
 
 253 
 
 ptmcifiora, Miers . 
 
 100 
 
 breviflorunj, Wall. . 
 
 257 
 
 pi'di'aricnfa, Miers 
 
 100 
 
 calycatum, Jacq. 
 
 256 
 
 uniflora, Miers . . 
 
 100 
 
 cameum, Wall. = 
 
 
 
 
 cratoxylon polyan- 
 
 
 Iberidella, Boiss. . . 
 
 162 
 
 thum, Korth. . . 
 
 257 
 
 Andersom, B.f.S.T.ieS \ 
 
 cernuum, Roxb. . . 
 
 253 
 
 ICACINE^ . . - . 
 
 673 1 
 
 Choisianum, Wall. . 
 
 254 
 
 Idea dentata, DC. 
 
 606 
 
 oocrineumj Wall, 
 
 258 
 
 indiva, W. & A. . 
 
 531 
 
 cordifolium, C/iois. . 
 
 253 
 
 Ilex, Linn 
 
 598 
 
 coi'iaceum, Royle . 
 
 254 
 
 (matica, Linn. . . 
 
 606 
 
 elodeoides, Chois. . 
 
 255 
 
 cymosa, Bl. . . . 
 
 606 
 
 erechtm, Thbg. . . 
 
 255 
 
 dapfi n cphylloides, 
 
 
 fiUcaule, 11. f. & T. 
 
 252 
 
 Kurz .... 
 
 606 
 
 fvetidum, n. f. & T. 
 
 257 
 
 denticulata, Wall. . 
 
 600 
 
 Govanianvm, Wall. 
 
 253 
 
 dipyrena. Wall . . 
 
 699 
 
 Griffithii, B.f.&T 
 
 253 
 
 ? cl/iptica, Don . . 
 
 603 
 
 Hookerianum, W. 
 
 
 emarginella, Turcz. 
 
 600 
 
 &A 
 
 264 
 
 enibelioides, //./. . 
 
 601 
 
 hfyrridum. Wall. 
 
 257 
 
 excelsa. Wall. . . 
 
 603 
 
 humifusum, Zm«.255, 256 
 
 exsulca, Wall. 
 
 603 
 
 infer medium, Stend. 
 
 256 
 
 fragilis, B.f. . . . 
 
 602 
 
 japonicum, Thunb. . 
 
 256 
 
 Gardneriana, Wight 603 
 
 Pa^e 
 6ault?iei'i€efofia,KnT. 601 
 ' Godajam, Colebr. . 604 
 Griffitl.ii //./. . . 601 
 Borsjieldii. Miq. . 602 
 insignis, //./. . . 599 
 intricata, B f. . . 602 
 macro|)hylla, Wall. . 604 
 Maingayi, B.f. . . 605 
 malabarica, Bedd. . 600 
 niligirica, Miq. . . 600 
 odorata. Bam. . . 599 
 rotumUt, Thunb. . 604 
 sclerophylla, B.f. . 606 
 migajmnana. Wall. 605 
 spicata, Bl. . . . 598 
 sulcata. Wall. . . 604 
 theaefolia, Wall. . . 601 
 Thomsonl //./. . . 602 
 vcnvlusa, II. f. . . 602 
 Wfilken, Wt.d:Gard. 600 
 Wa/kerii, Turcz. . 600 
 Wallichii. //./. . . 605 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 603 
 Wi'/ftfiana, Dalz. & 
 
 Gihs 600 
 
 Ilicinej! .... 598 
 
 Ilicinea ? 605 
 
 lUecebrtim verticilla- 
 
 tum, Burm. . . 247 
 Illicium, /inn. ... 39 
 Griffithii, //./. dk T. • 40 
 luajus, B.f. ti' T. . 40 
 Inipatiens, Linn. . .440 
 acaulis. Aiii. . .443 
 acuminata, Benth. . 462 
 Al-ka, Bedd. . . .443 
 albida, Wight . . 458 
 ampliorata,^f/(/w 475,476 
 amplexicaulis, Kd(jw. 4G9 
 anam/ilayensis^WodCL. 452 
 angustifl-ra, B.f. . 4 SO 
 appendiculata, Am. 464 
 arcaata. Wall. . .454 
 arguta, B.f db T. . 470 
 Aniotiiana, Miq. . 446 
 Arnottii, Thto. . .Am 
 assamensis, GrifiF. . 483 
 auriculata, Wight . 460 
 Ballardi, Bedd. . .482 
 Balsamina, Linn. . 453 
 Balsamiiia, Dalz. . 454 
 Beddomei, B.f. . 442 
 bella, //./. d:T. . 458 
 bieolor, Royle . .476 
 bicornuta, Wall. . 475 
 * bifda, Thuub. . . 457 
 biglandnlosa, Moon . 463 
 bipartita, Arn. . . 457 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 721 
 
 Page 
 bracby centra, Kan'. 
 
 &'Kir . . . . 481 
 hracteata, Coleb. . 461 
 hrevicwnu, Arn. . 455 
 hulbosa, Moon, . .443 
 calycina, Wall. . . 472 
 campanulata, Wight 463 
 Candida, Lindl. . . 469 
 capillipes. H.f. Jb T. 456 
 Cathcartii. jff.f. . 473 
 chinensis, Linn. . .444 
 circseoides, Wall. . 453 
 circceoides, Turcz. . 4 5 "2 
 clavicornu, Turcz. . 483 
 coccinea, Wall. . . 454 
 concinna, ^^. /. . . 449 
 cordata, Wiukf . .462 
 cornigera, Arn. . .466 
 cornigera, Hook. . 454 
 cornuta, Linn. . .454 
 crenata, Bedd. . .442 
 cristata, Wall. . . 472 
 cuspidata, W. & A. . 450 
 cyrabifera, H.f. . . 474 
 DnheWii, ff. f. db T. . 449 
 dasysperma, Wight . 457 
 debilis, Turcz. . . 483 
 Denisonii, Bedd. . . 444 
 depauperata, H.f. . 481 
 discolor, Wall. . . 471 
 diversifolia, Wall. . 446 
 Edgeworthii, H.f. . 476 
 elata, Edgw. . . .481 
 elegans, Bedd. . . 465 
 eloDgata, Arn. . . 466 
 €7%antha, Turcz. . 457 
 fasciculala, Lamk. . 444 
 filiformis,^.kL.. 447, 
 
 448 
 fimbiiata, Hook. . 461 
 flaccida, Am. . .457 
 jlaccida, var.^, H. f. 
 
 & T 458 
 
 flavida, H.f. & T. . 452 
 Jloribunda, Wight . 457 
 fruticosa, DC. . . 459 
 Gardneriana, Wight . 445 
 Gardneriana, Wight 450 
 gibbosa, Arn. . .455 
 gigantea, Edgw. . . 469 
 glandulifera, Arn. . 454 
 glanduliferay var. ? 
 
 Arn 455 
 
 glandulifera, Royle . 468 
 glauca, H.f. d; T. .482 
 Goughii, Wight . . 452 
 gracilis, Bedd. , .443 
 grandis, Heyae . , 463 
 VOL. L 
 
 Page 
 Griffithii, H.f. & T. 445 
 Hamiltoniana, Don 472 
 Henslowiana, Am. . 458 
 heterophylla. Wall. . 444 
 hispidula, Benth. . 470 
 Hoffmeisteri, Klotz. 471 
 Hookeriana, Am. . 463 
 inconspicua, Benth. . 447 
 inconspicua, Wight . 448 
 insignis, DC. . . 477 
 janthina, Thw. . . 461 
 Jerdouiae. Wight . 460 
 Jurpia, Ham. . .471 
 Kleinii, W. d; A. . 445 
 laevigata, Wall. . .473 
 latiflora, H.f. <fc T. . 459 
 latifolia, Linn. . . 450 
 latifolia. Hook. . . 457 
 latifolia. Moon . .457 
 latifolia, W. & A. . 451 
 L iwii, H. f d: T. . 448 
 laxiflora, Edgw. 479, 430 
 laxiflora ? Wall. . 478 
 laxiflora, H. f. & T. . 481 
 leptoceras, DC. . .477 
 leptoceras, var. a, 
 
 H. f. ^. T. . 477, 480 
 leptoceras, var. ^, H. 
 
 f. & T 47» 
 
 leptoceraSfV&YS.fB.. f. 
 
 & T 480 
 
 leptopoda, Arn. . . 455 
 leptura, H. f. . . 467 
 Leschenaultii, Wall. 450 
 leucantha. Thw. . . 464 
 ligulata, Bedd. . . 446 
 linearis, Arn. . . . 464 
 lineata, Turcz. , .468 
 Lobbiana, Turcz. . 454 
 longlcornu, Wall. 476, 
 
 476, 477 
 longiflora, Heyne . 447 
 longifolia, Wight . 454 
 longipes, H.f. d; T. 473 
 lucida, Heyne . . 451 
 macrochila, Lindl. . 469 
 macrophyila, Gardn. 454 
 maculata, Wight . 465 
 malayensis, Griff. . 483 
 micrantha, Don . 479 
 micranthemum, Edg. 481 
 mishraiensis, H. f. . 476 
 modesta, IF. d:A. . 442 
 mollis, Wall. . .470 
 moschata, Edgw. . 469 
 multiflora, Wall. . 470 
 Munrouii, Wight . 456 
 mjsorensiS; Roth. . 456 
 
 Page 
 mysorensis, Both. . 447 
 mysOrensis, Wall. . 447 
 ? nutans, Willd. . . 483 
 odorata, Don. . . 477 
 oppositifolia, Linn. . 448 
 orchioides, Bedd. . 443 
 pallens, Edgw. . . 476 
 paludosa, H. f. . . 480 
 jiarasitica, Bedd. . 460 
 Parish ii, H. f. . .456 
 parvifolia, Bedd. . 453 
 pendula, Heyne . .455 
 Perotettii, Turcz. . 447 
 phoenicea, Bedd. . 466 
 picta, Kn. & West. . - 476 
 porrecta, Wall. . . 472 
 puberula, DC. . . 470 
 pulcherrima, Dalz . 458 
 pulchra, H. f. d: T. 459 
 pulniensis, Bedd. . 452 
 pusilla, Heyne, 447, 448 
 racemosa, DC. . .479 
 raceniosa, H. f. . .476 
 racemosa, Wall. 478, 479 
 racemulosa, Wall. . 468 
 radiata, H f. . . 476 
 TSidicsins, Benth.. . 451 
 ramosissima, Dalz. 
 
 447, 448 
 repens, Moon . . 455 
 reticulata. Wall. . 448 
 rivalis, Wight . .444 
 rosea, Lindl. . . . 454 
 rosmarinifolia, Retz 
 
 447, 448 
 rosmarinifolia, 
 
 Wight . . . .447 
 Boy lei, Walp. . .468 
 Eoylei, Klotzsch . 476 
 rufesrens, Benth. . 449 
 saiicifnlia, H.f.dsT. 450 
 salicifolia, Turcz. . 450, 
 
 454 
 scabrida, DC. . . 472 
 scabriuscula, Heyne 454 
 scapiflora, Heyne . 443 
 scapi flora, Hook. . 443 
 scapiflora, W. & A. 442 
 semiverticillata, Tcz. 482 
 serrata, Benth. . . 473 
 setacea, Colebr. . .444 
 setosa, H.f.diT. .445 
 spirifer, H.f. d: T. . 471 
 stenantha, H.f.. . 478 
 Stocksii, H. f. & T. 442 
 subcordata, Am. . 461 
 sulcata. Wall. 469, 475 
 Tangachee, Bedd. . 467 
 3a 
 
722 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 tavoyana, Benth. . 468 
 tenella, Heyne . .447 
 tenelta, Rottl. . .447 
 tenella, Wall. . . 446 
 tenuicula, Steud. . 447 
 tenuis, Bedd. . . 442 
 Thomsoni, IT./.. .469 
 tin gens, Edgw. . .479 
 tomentosa, Dalz. . . 447 
 toiuentosa, Jleyne . 449 
 travancoiica, Bedd. 464 
 tricornis, Lindl. . . 472 
 trijlora, Linn. . . 483 
 trilobata, Colehr. .- . 451 
 tripetala, Roxb. . .470 
 tropspolifulia, Griff. . 472 
 truncata, Thw. . .455 
 tuberculata, //./. <fc T. 478 
 umbel lata, Heyne . 461 
 umbrosa, H. f. . . 476 
 uvibrosa, Edgw. . .476 
 
 , uncinata. Wiyht. . 465 
 urticifulia, Wall. . 474 
 urticifoUa /S, H. f.&T. 474 
 verrucosa, Bedd. . 444 
 Terticillata, Wiyht . 452 
 violseflora, //. /. . . 457 
 viridiflora, Wight . 460 
 viscid a, Wight . .462 
 vi8co8%, Bedd. 462, 453 
 Walkeri, Ilo'k. . . 467 
 Wightiana, Bedd. . 467 
 
 lodes, Bl 595 
 
 ? Brandisii, K^irz . 596 
 ITookeriana, Baill. . 596 
 oblonga, Planch. . 597 
 ovalis. Bl. ... 596 
 oralis, var. Miquelii, 
 
 Baill 596 
 
 Thomsoniana, Baill. 596 
 tomentdla, Miq. . . 596 
 
 lonidium, Vent. . .185 
 enneaspermum, DC. 185 
 erectum. DC. . . . 185 
 heterojthyllum, DC. . 185 
 hexafrpermum, Dalz. 185 
 leptorhizum, DC. . 185 
 ramosiss muna, Thw. 186 
 suflFruticosum, Ging. 185 
 Wiyhtianiim, Wall. 185 
 
 Jrina glabra, Bl. . . 691 
 
 Irviiigia, H.f. . . . 522 
 uialayana, Oliv. . , 522 
 
 ISATIDB.B 130 
 
 Isatis, Linn. . . .163 
 costata, C. A . Mey. 163 
 tinctoria, Linn. . .163 
 spartioides, Edgw. . 164 
 
 Page 
 Isauxis Roxburghiana, 
 
 Thw 303 
 
 cordifolia, Thw. . 303 
 Jsopteris penangiana, 
 
 Wall 208 
 
 Isopyrum, Linn. . . 23 
 adiantifolium, H.f.d'T. 23 
 anemonoides, Kar. k 
 
 Kir 23 
 
 grandiflorum, Fisch. 23 
 microphyllum, Koyle 23 
 thalictroides, Zt'nw. . 23 
 
 IXOMANTHE^ , . .410 
 
 Ixonanthes, Jack. . .416 
 
 cuneata, Miq. . . 416 
 
 dodecandra, GriflF. . 416 
 
 icosandra, Jac^. . . 416 
 
 khasiana; H.f. . .416 
 
 obovata, H. f. . .417 
 
 reticulata, Jack. . 417 
 
 Jambolifera peduncu- 
 
 lata, Vahl. . .498 
 Jenkiiida assamica, 
 
 Griff. .... 693 
 Johnia coromandeUana, 
 
 Roxb 626 
 
 salad oides, Roxb. . 627 
 
 Julostyles Thio. . . 333 
 
 angustifolia, Thw. . 333 
 
 Kadsura, Kannpfer 
 
 45 
 
 grandiflora. Wall. . 
 
 44 
 
 japonica. Wall. , . 
 
 45 
 
 propinqua, Wall. 
 
 45 
 
 Roxburghiana, Am. 
 
 45 
 
 stnudens, Bl . . . 
 
 45 
 
 Wightiana, Am. 
 
 45 
 
 Kayea, Wall. . . . 
 
 276 
 
 cuspidata. Planch. & 
 
 
 •'r 
 
 277 
 
 floribunda, Wall. . 
 
 276 
 
 nervosa, T. Anders. 
 
 277 
 
 racemosa, Planch- d- 
 
 
 Tr 
 
 276 
 
 stylosa, Thw. . . 
 
 276 
 
 Kingstonia, H. f. <fc T. 
 
 93 
 
 nervosa, H. f. (& T. 
 
 93 
 
 Kittelocharis trigyna, 
 
 
 Alef. .... 
 
 412 
 
 Kleinhovia, Linn. . . 
 
 364 
 
 Hospita, Linn. . . 
 
 364 
 
 Kokuona, Thw. . . 
 
 616 
 
 littoralis. Laws . . 
 
 617 
 
 zeylanica, Thw. . . 
 
 616 
 
 Koon zeylanicus, Gaertn. 105 
 
 Krascheninnikowia nt- 
 
 
 jpestHs, Turcz. . 
 
 231 
 
 Pajfe 
 Kurrimia, Wall. . .621 
 bipartita, Laws . . 622 
 calophylla, Wall. . 622 
 ceylanica, Am. . . 622 
 Maingayi, Laics. . 622 
 paniculata, Wall. . 622 
 pulcherriraa, Wall. 622 
 robusta, Kurz . . 6L'2 
 Kydia, Roxb. . . , 34S 
 angustifolia, Am. . 3J^3 
 aj'illaria, Thw. . . 333 
 calycina, Roxb. . .348 
 fraterna, Roxb. . .348 
 glabiescens, Mast. . 848 
 jujubifolia, Griff. . 333 
 pulreridenta, Haoi. . 348 
 Roxburghiana,"^ i^hi 348 
 
 Lagunea aculeata, Cav. 340 
 lobata, Willd. . . 336 
 silenijtora. Wall. . 336 
 
 Lahaya corymbosa^ 
 
 Schult 245 
 
 spadicea, Schult. . 245 
 
 Lavipttia racemosa, 
 
 Rcem 612 
 
 Lancretia suffriUicosa, 
 
 Del 251 
 
 Lansiuiu, Rumph. . . 557 
 anaraalayanum,jBerfd. 558 
 uqmiim, Miq. . . 558 
 cinereum, Hiem. . 658 
 domesticniL, Jack. . 568 
 humile, Hassk. . . 558 
 javanicum, Koem. . 658 
 pedicellatum, Hiem 658 
 silvestre, Rcem. . . 659 
 
 Lardizabale.* . . . 107 
 
 Lasianthera, P. de 
 
 Beauv 584 
 
 apica'is, Thw. . . 584 
 ? lanceolata, Mast. . 5»5 
 Maingayi, Mast. . . 585 
 malaccensis, Mast. . 584 
 8 : cundijlora, Miq. . 584 
 ? tetrandra, Wall. . 686 
 prasina, Miq, . .587 
 
 Ladolepis Bennettii, 
 
 Planch 619 
 
 multijuga, Benn. . 519 
 paucijuga, Benn. . 619 
 
 Laureola fragrans, 
 
 Rcem 499 
 
 Laval lea ceylanica, 
 
 Baill 679 
 
 Lavatera, Liini. . .319 
 Kashmiriana, Camb 319 
 
 Lebi-etoniajlava, Wall. 331 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 723 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 procumhensy Wall. 
 
 . 331 
 
 cuneata, ffiem . 
 
 680 
 
 Leea, Linn. . . . 
 
 664 
 
 montaua, Bl. . . . 
 
 679 
 
 acuminata, Wall. 
 
 66Q 
 
 Lepta triphylla. Lour. 
 
 488 
 
 cequata, Wall. . 
 
 . 6G6 
 
 Leptocarpcea Loeselii, 
 
 
 ceqwata, DC. . . 
 
 . 667 
 
 DC 
 
 151 
 
 alata, Edgw. . . 
 
 665 
 
 Leptonium oblongifo 
 
 
 angustifolia, Laws. 
 
 665 
 
 Hum, Griff. 
 
 583 
 
 aspera, Wall. 665 
 
 , 667 
 
 Leptonychia, Tarcz. 
 
 378 
 
 cinerea, Laws. . 
 
 . 665 
 
 acuminata, Mast. 
 
 379 
 
 compactiflora, Kurz 
 
 667 
 
 glabra, Turcz. . . 
 
 379 
 
 cordaia, Wall. . 
 
 . 668 
 
 moacurroides, Bedd 
 
 379 
 
 coriacea, Laws. . 
 
 . 665 
 
 Lepyrodiclis holosteoides, 
 
 criapa, Willd. . . 
 
 665 
 
 Fenzl 
 
 241 
 
 diffusa, Laws. . . 
 
 667 
 
 tenera, Boiss. . . 
 
 242 
 
 gigantea, Griff. . 
 
 666 
 
 Leucostemina latifolia, 
 
 
 ?4er&acea, Wall. . 
 
 666 
 
 Benth. . . . 
 
 231 
 
 hina, Roxb. . . . 
 
 668 
 
 Webbiana, Wall. . 
 
 230 
 
 integrifolia, Roxh. . 
 
 667 
 
 Leucoderis javanica, 
 
 
 Iceta, Wall. . , . 
 
 666 
 
 Planch. . . 
 
 •605 
 
 IcBvis, Hb. Heyne . 
 
 565 
 
 Libanotus asiaticus, 
 
 
 latifolia, Wall. . . 
 
 664 
 
 Stackh 
 
 628 
 
 macfophylla, Roxh. . 
 
 664 
 
 Libanus thurifera, 
 
 
 ? macrophylla, DC. 
 
 665 
 
 Colebr 
 
 528 
 
 odontophylla, Wall. 
 
 668 
 
 Limacia, Lour. . . 
 
 100 
 
 ottilis, DC. . . . 
 
 666 
 
 Amherstiana, Miers. 
 
 100 
 
 parallela, Laws. 
 
 666 
 
 cuspidata, H. f. <& T. 
 
 100 
 
 pinnata, Andrews . 
 
 665 
 
 distincta, Miers . . 
 
 100 
 
 pumila, Kurz . . 
 
 666 
 
 inornata, Miers . 
 
 100 
 
 robusta, Roxb. . . 
 
 667 
 
 oblonga, Miers . . 
 
 100 
 
 rubra, Royle . . 
 
 665 
 
 triandra, Miers . 
 
 100 
 
 sambucina, Willd. . 
 
 666 
 
 velutina, Miers . . 
 
 100 
 
 ? var. sanguinea. 
 
 
 Wallickiana, Miers 
 
 100 
 
 Wall 
 
 666 
 
 Limonia, Linn. . . 
 
 607 
 
 scabra, Steud. . . 
 
 668 
 
 acidissiraa, Linn. . 
 
 507 
 
 simplicifolia, Griff. . 
 
 664 
 
 alata, W. <k A. . . 
 
 508 
 
 Staphylea, Wall, 
 
 666 
 
 alternans, Wall. 
 
 508 
 
 Btaphylea, Roxb. 
 
 667 
 
 alternifolia, Kurz . 
 
 508 
 
 trifoliata, Laws. 
 
 666 
 
 ? angustifolia, Wall. 
 
 500 
 
 Leontoglossum scabrum 
 
 J 
 
 arborea, Roxb. . . 
 
 500 
 
 Hance .... 
 
 31 
 
 bilocularis, Roxb. . 
 
 508 
 
 Lepidine^ .... 
 
 130 
 
 ? caudata. Wall. 
 
 513 
 
 Lepidium, Linn. . . 
 
 159 
 
 citrifolia, Roxb. . . 
 
 510 
 
 capitatum, II. f. & T. 
 
 160 
 
 crenulata, Roxb. 
 
 607 
 
 chalepense, Schreuk. 
 
 160 
 
 diacantha, DC. . 
 
 507 
 
 Draba, Linn. . . 
 
 160 
 
 I.flavicans, Wall. . 
 
 508 
 
 indsum, Edgw. . . 
 
 160 
 
 grandijlora. Wall. . 
 
 510 
 
 latifolium, Linn. 
 
 160 
 
 Laureola, DC. . . 
 
 499 
 
 repens. Boiss. . . 
 
 160 
 
 leptostachya, Jack. . 
 
 492 
 
 ruderale, Linn. . 
 
 160 
 
 missionis, Wall. 
 
 
 sativum, Limi. . . 
 
 159 
 
 510, 612, 
 
 513 
 
 Lepidostemon, H. f. 
 
 
 missionis. Wight 
 
 513 
 
 dsT. .... 
 
 147 
 
 mollis, Wall. . . . 
 
 504 
 
 pedunculosus, H.f.<Se \ 
 
 monophylla, Linn. . 
 
 512 
 
 T. 
 
 147 
 
 oblonga, Wall. 508, 
 
 510 
 
 Lepionurus, Bl. 
 
 683 
 
 oligandra, Dalz. 
 
 497 
 
 oblongifolius, Mast. 
 
 583 
 
 penfagyna, Roxb. . 
 
 608 
 
 Xiepisantbes, Bl. . . 
 
 679 
 
 pentagyna, Roxb. 
 
 531 
 
 Browniana, Iliern . 
 
 680 
 
 pentaphylla, Retz. . 
 
 600 
 
 Page 
 ? pubescens, Wall. . 507 
 pusilla, Gsertn. . .191 
 retusa, Don . . . 608 
 scandens, Roxb. . 509 
 trifoliata, Liun. . 607 
 
 LiNE^ 409 
 
 Linura, Linn. . . . 410 
 Cic^uobum, Don . 412 
 corymbulosum, Rchb. 411 
 kumile, Mill. . .411 
 humile, Heyne . .411 
 mysorense, Heyne . 411 
 perenne, Linn. . .411 
 repens, Don . . .412 
 Stocksianum, Boiss. 411 
 strictum, Linn. . .411 
 tetragynum, Colebr. 412 
 trigynum, Roxb. . 412 
 trinervium, Roth. . 410 
 trpierviumjTIohensLck.ill 
 usitati?.simuiu, Linn. 410 
 
 Liriodcudron liliifera, 
 
 Roxb. .... 40 
 grandiflorum, Roxb. 41 
 
 Lwflingiaindica, Retz 245 
 
 Lonchomera, B.f. t& T. 93 
 leptopoda, ^./. tfcr. 94 
 
 Lophopetalum, Wight 614 
 celastroides, Laws. . 615 
 dubium, Laws. . .616 
 filiforme, Laws. . 616 
 fimbriatum, Wight . 615 
 floribuiidum, Wight 616 
 grandifiorum, Am. . 608 
 javanum, Turcz. . 615 
 lucidum, Wight . . 608 
 ovatum, Presl. . .615 
 pallidum, Laws. . 615 
 rellexura, Laws. . 616 
 Wallichii, Kurz . .615 
 Wightianum, Am. . 615 
 
 Lophophyllum, Griff. . 105 
 bicristatum, Griff. . 105 
 
 Lophostylis javanica, 
 
 Miq 208 
 
 Loxostemon, ^./. tfc r. 139 
 pulchellus,^./.<&r. 139 
 
 ? Ludia foitida, R jxb. 1 92 
 
 Luvunga, Ham. . . 508 
 eleutherandra, Dalz. 609 
 eleutherandra, Thw. 509 
 scandens. Ham. . . 509 
 scandens, Tliw. . . 509 
 Tavoyana, Lindl. . 609 
 
 Lychnis, Linn. . . . 222 
 apetala, Linn. . . 222 
 apetala, var. gracilis, 
 H.f.&T.. . . 223 
 3a2 
 
724 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 brachypetala, Eort. 
 
 Berol 223 
 
 Cachemeriana, Royle 224 
 can eel lata, J acq. . 226 
 cilmfa. Wall. . . 225 
 coronaria, Lamk. . 222 
 cuneifolia, Royle . 226 
 eriostemon, Wall. . 225 
 Falconeri, Rohrb. . 223 
 fimhriata, Wall. . . 225 
 hinialayensis, Edgw. 223 
 iiidica, Benth. . . 225 
 inflata, Wall. . . 225 
 macrorhiza, Boyle . 223 
 madens, Jacq. . . 223 
 multicaulis, Wall. . 224 
 pigresoens, Edgw. . 223 
 nutans, Benth. . . 225 
 pilosa, Edgio. . . 226 
 pumila, Royle . . 226 
 Stewartii, Ed;/w. . 224 
 trisda, H. f. & T. . 223 
 Ltohnii>e£ . . . .213 
 
 Macharina icoaandra, 
 
 Planch 416 
 
 Machaya popiUifolia, 
 
 Arn 678 
 
 Macrolinum trigynum, 
 
 Reichb. . . .412 
 
 Mserua, Forsk. . . .171 
 
 arenaria, //. /. «fc 2'. 171 
 
 oralifolia, Camb. . 171 
 
 scabra, Camb. . .171 
 
 Magnolia, Linn. . . 41 
 
 Campbellii, ^./ifcT'. 41 
 
 exceha, Wall. . . 43 
 
 globosii, H.f.ik T. . 41 
 
 Griffithii, //. /. «t T. 41 
 
 insigiiis, Wall. . . 42 
 
 sphenocarpa, Jioxb. . 41 
 
 Maonoliace.» ... 38 
 
 magnolib.b .... 39 
 
 Mahonia nepalensi^, DC. 109 
 
 Malachiuni aquaticum, 
 
 Fries .... 229 
 
 Malachra, Linn. . . 329 
 
 capitata, Linn. . . 329 
 
 Malcolmia, Br. . . . 146 
 
 africana, Br. . . .146 
 
 strigosa, Boiss. . .146 
 
 torulosa, Boiss. . . 146 
 
 strida, Camb. . .149 
 
 Mallea integei-rima, 
 
 Wall. '. . . .545 
 Rniliii, Juss. . . . 545 
 gubscandems, Teysm. 
 k Binn. . . . 545 
 
 Page 
 MALPIGHIACEiB . . . 417 
 
 Malva, Linn. . . . 320 
 alch€mUlip/olia,Vf&H. 320 
 borealis, Wallra. . 320 
 ciluita. Wall. . . 320 
 malwensig, Edgw. . 319 
 mauritiana, DC. . 320 
 neilgkerrensis, Wight 320 
 parviflora, Linn. . 321 
 parvijlora, Huds. . 320 
 rotundifolia, Linn. . 320 
 rotundtfolia, Roxb. 320 
 silvestris, Linn. . . 320 
 spicata, Linn. . .321 
 trincspidaia, Ait. . 321 
 verticil lata, Linn. . 820 
 vulgaris, Fries . . 320 
 MALVAOE.fi .... 317 
 
 Malvk>s 318 
 
 Malvaviscus popidneus, 
 
 (jaertn 345 
 
 Malvastrum, A. Gray 321 
 Bpiratum, A. Gray . 321 
 tricuspidatum, A. 
 Gray .... 321 
 Mammea longifolia. 
 
 Planch. &Tr. . . 270 
 sianiensis, T. Anders. 271 
 Mangifera glauca, 
 
 Rotlb 623 
 
 Manglietia, Bl. . . . 42 
 
 Candollci, Wall. . 41 
 
 Caveana, //. /. 1- T. 42 
 
 insignia, Bl. ... 42 
 
 Manungala pendula^ 
 
 Blanc. .... 519 
 Mappia, Jacq. . . .688 
 Championiana, 
 
 Miers .... 689 
 fcetida, Afiers . . 689 
 fa:tida, Bedd. . .589 
 fcetida, var., Thw. . 689 
 Gardneriana, Miers 589 
 oblonga, Miers . .689 
 ovata, Miers . , . 589 
 tomentosa, Miers . 589 
 Wightiana, Miers . 589 
 Matthiula, Br. . . .130 
 odoratissima, Br. . 131 
 Meconopsis, Vig. . .118 
 aculeata, Royle . . 118 
 Gul. - Waldemarii, 
 
 Klotzsch. . . .118 
 horridula, //./. <fc T. 118 
 nipalensis, DC. . .118 
 robusta, ff.f. <k T. . 118 
 simplicifolia, II. /. dc 
 T. 118 
 
 I Page 
 
 Wallichii, Hook. .119 
 Medusa anguifera, 
 
 Lour. .... 188 
 Meesia serrata, Gaertn. 626 
 Megabotrya meiiwfolia^ 
 
 Hance .... 490 
 
 Megacarpaea, DC. . .161 
 
 bifida, Benth. . .161 
 
 polyandra, Benth. . 161 
 
 Melandryum apetalum, 
 
 Rohrb. .... 222 
 
 brachypetalum,'Fenzl 224 
 
 Falconeri, Rohrb. . 222 
 
 GrijKfkii, Rohrb. . 220 
 
 ivjfatum, Rohrb. . 225 
 
 intrusum, Rohrb. . 226 
 
 macrorhizum, Rohrb. 223 
 
 multicaule, Rohrbi . 225 
 
 nutans, Rohrb., 225, 226 
 
 MtUiania, Forsk. . .372 
 
 abutiloides, Arn. . 373 
 
 abutiloides, Aitch. . 373 
 
 abyssinica, A. Rich. 872 
 
 bracteosa, Boiss. . . 373 
 
 cat)nabina, Wight . 372 
 
 Deuhami, Br. . . 373 
 
 futtypcrensis, Munro 373 
 
 Uaiuiltoniana, Wall. 372 
 
 Uamiltoniana, Munro 878 
 
 incana, Heyne . . 872 
 
 ovata, Boiss. . . . 372 
 
 tomentosa. Stocks . 373 
 
 Melia, Linn. . . . 543 
 
 athiofiira, Welw. . 545 
 
 aryentea, Hb. Ham. 546 
 
 australasica, Juss. . 646 
 
 Azadira-hta, Lirin. . 644 
 
 Azedarach, Linn. . 644 
 
 baccifera, Both. . 646 
 
 Bombolo, Welw. . .645 
 
 Bukayu7i, Royle . . 544 
 
 composita, Willd. . 545 
 
 dubia, Cav. . . .545 
 
 excelsa, Jack. . . 544 
 
 ivdica, Brandis . . 644 
 
 Koetjape, Burm. . 663 
 
 montana, Hb. Madr. 645 
 
 parviflora, Moon . 644 
 
 penduliilora, Wall. . 550 
 
 pumila, Moon. . . 543 
 
 robusta, Roxb. . . 545 
 
 scmpervirens, Sw. . 644 
 
 superba, Roxb. . . 545 
 
 tomentosa, Roxb. . 643 
 
 ? tomentosa, Kurz .668 
 
 Meliacea penangiana, 
 
 Wall 569 
 
 rugosa, Wall. . .569 
 
.INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 725 
 
 Page 
 singapureana, Wall. 555 
 Wigktiana, Wall. . 559 
 
 Meliace^ .... 540 
 
 Melianthus, Tourn. . 697 
 hitnalayanus, Wall. 698 
 major, Linn. . . 698 
 
 Melicocca pubescent, 
 
 DO 681 
 
 trijuga, Juss. . .681 
 
 Melicope, Forst. . .491 
 ? Helferl, H. f. . . 492 
 indica, Wight . .492 
 tetrandra, Roxb. . .491 
 
 Melie^ 540 
 
 Melochia, Linn. . . 373 
 affinis, Wall. . . .374 
 concatenata. Wall. . 374 
 corchorifo]ia,Zzrin. . 374 
 corchorifolia, Wall. . 374 
 paucijlora, Wall. . 374 
 pyramidata, Linn. . 374 
 supina, Linn. . .374 
 truncata, Willd. . 374 
 truncata, Wall. . . 322 
 velutina, Bedd. . .374 
 
 Melodorum, Dun. . . 78 
 bicolor, IT. f. c£r T. . 80 
 cylindricum, Maing. 80 
 elegans, H. f.& T., 82 
 fulgens, H. f&T.. 82 
 Griffithii, H. /. 6a T. 80 
 KeMii, H. f. & T. . 82 
 lanuginosum, U, f. 
 
 <k T. .... 79 
 latifolium, Dun. . 79 
 Maingayi, B. f. d; T. 80 
 manubriatum, If.f. 
 
 &T. 79 
 
 mollissimum, Miq. . 79 
 pisocarpum, H. f. 
 
 d:T 82 
 
 polyanthum, H. f. 
 
 &T 81 
 
 prismaticum, H. f. 
 
 <i: T. «1 
 
 rubiginosum, ff. f. 
 
 <k T. .... 79 
 rufinerve, ^. /. <fc r. 81 
 verrucosum, H. f. d: 
 
 T. 80 
 
 Wallichii, ^. /. ^ r. 81 
 
 Melothrix zeylanica, 
 
 Keen 662 
 
 MENISPKRMACEiE . . 94 
 
 Menispermum acumi- 
 natum, Lamk. . 99 
 coccuius, Linn. . . 98 
 cordifolium, Willd. . 97 
 
 Page 
 crispum, Linn. . . 96 
 
 * fenestratum, Gaertn. 99 
 heteroclitum, Roxb. 98 
 hirsutum, Linn. . .101 
 laurifolium, Roxb.. 101 
 malabaricum, Lamk.* 96 
 myosotoides, Linn. . 101 
 orbiculatum, Linn. . 104 
 peltatum, Lamk. . 104 
 polycarpum, Roxb. . 99 
 radiatuniy Lamk. . 99 
 tomentosum, Roxb. . 96 
 triandrum, Roxb. . 100 
 tuberculatum,LsLmk . 96 
 verrucosum, Roxb. . 96 
 villosum, Lamk. . .101 
 villosum, Roxb. . .102 
 
 Mesua, Linn. . . . 277 
 coromandelianaf 
 
 Wight . . . .277 
 ferrea, Linn. . . .277 
 ? lepidota, T. And. . 278 
 Nag ana, Gardn. . 277 
 nervosa, PI. & Tr. . 277 
 pedunculata, Wight 277 
 pulchella, PI. & Tr. 277 
 RoxburgUi, Wight . 277 
 salicina, PI. & Tr. . 277 
 sclerophylla, Thw. . 277 
 singaporiana. Wall. 276 
 speciosa, Chois. . .277 
 speciosa, var., Thw. 278 
 Thwaitsii, PI. d- Tr. 278 
 WalJc€nana,?l kTr. 277 
 
 Michelia, Linn. ... 42 
 aurantiaca, Wall. . 42 
 Cathcartii,^./. db T. 42 
 Champaca, Linn. . 42 
 Doldsopa, Ham. . 42 
 excelsa, B^. ... 43 
 glauca, Wight . . 44 
 Kisopa, Ham. . . 43 
 lactea, Wall. ... 43 
 lanuginosa, Wall. . 43 
 macrophylla, Don . 41 
 nilagirica, Zenk. , 44 
 oblonga, Wall. . . 43 
 ovalifolia, Wight . 44 
 Pulneyensis, Wight. 44 
 punduana, H. f. & T. 43 
 Meedii, Wight . . 42 
 rujinervis, DC. . . 42 
 velutina, DC. . . 43 
 Walkeri, Wight. . 44 
 
 Microchlcena flavescens, 
 
 Garcke ... .371 
 quinquelocularis, W. 
 & A 371 
 
 Page 
 
 Microcos mala, Ham. 393 
 paniculata, Linn. . 393 
 Stauntoniana, G. Don 393 
 tomentosa, Sm. . . 393 
 
 Microkena spectabilis, 
 
 Wall 371 
 
 Micromelum, Bl. . . 501 
 hirsutum, Oliv. . . 502 
 pubescens, Bl. . .501 
 
 Microtropis, Wall.. . 613 
 bivalvis, Wall. . .614 
 coriacea, Wall. . . 625 
 densiflora, Wight . 614 
 discolor, Wall. . .614 
 latifolia, Wight . .613 
 
 ? longifolia,WsL\l. 613, 625 
 microcarpa, Wight . 614 
 ovalifolia, Wight . 614 
 ramiflora, Wight . 613 
 Wallichiana, Wight .613 
 
 Miliusa, Leschen. . . 86 
 indica, Leschen. . . 86 
 macrocarpa, H.f. & T. 86 
 montana, Gardn. . . 86 
 nilagirica, Bedd. . 87 
 Roxburghiana, £[. f. 
 
 (&T. .... 87 
 velutina, JI. f. & T. 87 
 Wallichiana, H. f. 
 
 & T 87 
 
 Wightiana, ^./. c&r. 87 
 zeylanica, Gard. . . 87 
 
 MinusEiE .... 47 
 
 Milnea apiocarpa,Thw. 555 
 edulis, Roxb. . .556 
 Roxburghiana, W. 
 
 & A. . . • . . 555 
 Roxburghii, Wight . 555 
 
 Miquelia, Meissn. . . 593 
 assamica, Bl. . . 593 
 dentata, Bedd. . .593 
 ? gibba, Baill. . . 594 
 Kleinii, Meissn. . . 593 
 
 Mischocarpus suma- 
 
 tranus, Bl. . . 679 
 sundaicus, Bl. . .678 
 
 Mitrephora, Bl. . . 76 
 ? excelsa, E. f. & T. 77 
 grandiflora, Bedd. , 78 
 Heyneana, Thw. . 77 
 Maingayi, Zf./.c&T. 77 
 obtusa, Bl. . . . 76 
 reticulata, iT. /. tfe r. 77 
 tomentosa, H. f. <b T. 76 
 
 MiTRBPHOREJt ... 46 
 
 Moacurra gelonioides, 
 
 Roxb 570 
 
 Modeccopsis vaga, Griff. 578 
 
726 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 Molina racemomt 
 
 Lamk 418 
 
 MoliniEa canescenSf 
 
 Roxb 671 
 
 Mollia corymhoaa^ 
 
 WillJ 245 
 
 spadicea, Willd. . . 245 
 Monetia tetracantha, 
 
 Don 425 
 
 Monocera * ellipticay 
 Turcz. 
 fer^'ugineus, Wight 406 
 ferrucjinea^ Jack. . 409 
 ylandulifera, Hook. 407 
 Griffithii, C. Miill. . 407 
 Oiiffithii, Wight. . 408 
 t holopetala, Turcz. . 408 
 + macrocera, Turcz. . 405 
 Munroii, Wight . . 407 
 petiolata, Jack. . . 408 
 Roxhurghii, Wight. 405 
 tMbinttgerHmcL, Miq. 405 
 trichanthera, Griff. . 408 
 tuberciUata,yf. &,A. 405 
 Walkerii, Wi^ht. . 406 
 Monoceras leucobotrynm, 
 
 Miq 407 
 
 petiolatum, Miq. . 40 8 
 Monoci/clis robusta. 
 
 Wall 665 
 
 Monoporandra, Thn, . 316 
 cord i folia, Thw. . < 317 
 elegans, Thw. . .317 
 Monosoma littorata, 
 
 GriflF. . . . .567 
 
 Monsonia, Linn . . 427 
 
 chumbalensis, Wight 427 
 
 heliotropioides, Cav. 428 
 
 Lawiana, Stocks. . 427 
 
 mallica, Edgw. . . 428 
 
 senegalensis, Guill. 
 
 & Perr. . 427, 435 
 
 Moricandia, DC. . .158 
 
 arvensis, DC. . . 158 
 
 tortuosa, U. f. dj T. 158 
 
 Moulinda cupanioides, 
 
 Camb 672 
 
 rubiginosa, G. Don . 672 
 Munnicksia, Dennstd. 196 
 Murray a, Linn. . .502 
 brevifolia, Thw. . . 503 
 Bi^rmanni, Spr. . .^^504 
 elongata, A. DC. .'503 
 exotica, Linn. . .502 
 
 Page 
 exotica, Thw. . .503 
 eaodca. Reinw. . . 564 
 Glenieii, Thw. . . 503 
 Koenigii, Spr. . . 503 
 paniculata, Jack. . 503 
 sumatrana, Roxb. . 503 
 
 Munronia, Wight . .542 
 neilgherrica, Wight 543 
 pumila, Wight . .543 
 Wallichii, Wight . 543 
 
 Myricaria, Desv. . . 249 
 bractcata, Royle . . 250 
 elegans, Royle . . 250 
 germanica, Desv. . 250 
 i/f/^mnVcW, Klotzsch 250 
 pruslrata, Benth. & 
 
 H. f. .... 250 
 vaginata^ Desv. . .249 
 
 Myristica Finlay- 
 
 toniana, Wall. . 82 
 
 M yxospermum chylo- 
 
 carpum, Rcem. . 500 
 
 Naravelia, DC. . . . 6 
 Finlaysoniana^'^dW. 7 
 laurifolia, Wall. . . 7 
 zeylanica, DC. . . 7 
 
 Naregamia, W. dc A. . 642 
 alatA, W.AsA. . . 642 
 dentata, Miq. . .542 
 
 Nasturtium, Br. . .133 
 heterophylluoi, Don . 133 
 indioura, DC. . . 134 
 madagascariense, W. 
 
 &A. 134 
 
 montanum, Wall. . 134 
 officinale, Br. . .133 
 palustre, DC. . .133 
 tfrrcstre, Br. . . . 133 
 
 Natsiatum, Ham. . . 596 
 gamosepalum, Griff. 695 
 berpeticura. Ham. . 595 
 oppositi folium, PI. . 696 
 
 Neerija dichotoma^ 
 
 Roxb 623 
 
 Neesia, Bl 352 
 
 synandra, Mast. . .352 
 
 Neldmbie^ .... 113 
 
 Nelurnbiuin, Juss. . .115 
 asiaticum, Rich.. . 116 
 «peciosum, Willd. . 116 
 
 N<du,mbo indica, Poir. 116 
 
 Nemedra Nimmoniif 
 
 Dalz 561 
 
 Page 
 Nephelium, Linn. . . 686 
 bengalense, G. Don. . 689 
 bifoliolatum, Thw. . 684 
 costatum, Hitrn . . 688 
 dimocarpuSy Hb. 
 
 Ind. Or. ... 688 
 duriocarpus, T. And. 688 
 echinatum, Noronh. 687 
 erectum, Thw. . . 683 
 eriopetalum, Miq. . 689 
 eximium, Thw. . .691 
 fuscatum, Thw. . . 682 
 Gardneri, Thw. . . 690 
 glabrum, Noronh. . 687 
 Griffifhiana, Kurz . 687 
 hypoleucum, Kurz . 689 
 lappaceum, Linn. , 687 
 Lit-chi, Camb. . . 687 
 Longana, Camb. . .688 
 ? Miiingayi, FJiem . 688 
 malaiense. Griff. . 689 
 mora, Gardn. . . 689 
 mutai)ile, Bl. . . 686 
 Noronhianuru.CamJ. 686 
 pupillum, Wight . 689 
 rimogum, G. Don . 690 
 rul)escens, Hiern , 688 
 rubrum, G. Don . .684 
 simplicifolium, Th w. 683 
 stipulaceum, Bedd. . 690 
 vanahile, Wall. . .691 
 verticillatum, G.Don 684 
 xerocarimm, Camb. 686 
 
 Nqthroica mollis, Miera 102 
 
 Neslia, Desv. . . .164 
 paniculata, Desv. . 164 
 
 XNeuroloma nudicaule, 
 
 DC 131 
 
 icapirjerum, DC. . .131 
 
 Niebubria, DC. . . . 171 
 areuaria, DC. . .171 
 linearis, DC. . . .171 
 oblongi folia, Royle . 171 
 
 Nima quassioides, 
 
 . Ham. mss. . . .520 
 
 Nimmonia Lawii, 
 
 Wight . . . .661 
 
 Niota Lamarckiana, 
 
 Bl 519 
 
 lucida, Wall. . . .519 
 pcntapetala, Poir. . 519 
 tetrapetala, Lamk. . 519 
 
 Norisca mysorcnsis, 
 
 Wight .... 253 
 
 A synonym of Elseocarpus varunua. Ham., omitted in text. 
 f Incorrectly quoted as of Zollinger in text. 
 $ Hot NeurUooM, as quoted at p. 131. 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 727 
 
 Page 
 
 Notoceras, Br. . . .140 
 Citiiariense, Br. . .140 
 hispunicum, DC. . 140 
 
 NothocMestis sumatrana, 
 Miq 622 
 
 Nj^mphaea, Linn. . .114 
 alba, Linn . . .114 
 Cachemiriana, Camh. 114 
 cyanea, Roxb. . .114 
 I) evoniens is, Hook. . 114 
 E'1 gewortliii, Lehm. 114 
 edulu, DC. . . .114 
 Hooherlana, Lehm. 114 
 lotus, Linn. . . .114 
 Nelumho, Linn. . .116 
 punctata, Edgw. . 114 
 pubescens, Willd. . 114 
 pygmasa, Ait. . .115 
 rubra, Roxb. . .114 
 sagittata, Edgw. . 114 
 ste\\a,ta,,WiUd. . .114 
 stellata, Willd. (W. 
 
 & A.) ... . 114 
 versicolor, Roxb. . 114 
 
 Nymph^ace^ . . . 113 
 
 NYMPHEiB .... 113 
 
 Ocbanostachys, Mast. . 676 
 amentacea, Mast. . . 577 
 
 Ochna, Linn. . . . 523 
 andamanica, Kurz . 524 
 
 ? brevipes, Planch. . 525 
 collina, Edgw. . . 524 
 cordata, Thw. . . 524 
 crocea, Griff. . . .525 
 fruticulosa, Kurz . 524 
 Heyneana, W. & A. 524 
 hmnilis, Wall. . . 524 
 lucida, Lamk. . , 523 
 Moonii, Thw. . . 524 
 nana. Ham. . . . 524 
 nitida, Thunb. . . 523 
 nitida. Wall. . . .524 
 ohtmata, DC. . . 523 
 
 , panrijiora. Griff. . .524 
 parvifolia, Vahl ? .524 
 pumila, Ham. . . 524 
 rufescens, 1 Thunb. 523 
 squarrosa, Linn. . 523 
 tquarro&a, Kurz . 524 
 stipulacea, ? Colebr, 624 
 Walkerii, Planeh. . 524 
 Wallachii, Planch. . 524 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 524 
 zeylanica, Lamk. , 525 
 
 OCHNAOK.B .... 523 
 
 OCHNE.E 523 
 
 Ochradenus, Del. . . 182 
 
 Page 
 
 baccatus, Del. . .182 
 
 Ochrocarpus, Thenars . 270 
 
 longifolius, Benfh. . 270 
 
 siamensis, T. And. . 270 
 
 Olack^ 573 
 
 Olacin^ 672 
 
 Olax, Linn 574 
 
 acuminata, Wall. . 576 
 Bador, Ham. . . 575 
 Beyneaita,Weil\. 576, 586 
 imbricata, Roxb. . . 575 
 longifolia, Wall. 576, 5SQ 
 lucida, Heyne . . 675 
 merguensis, Planch. 576 
 nana, WalL . . .576 
 psittacoruin, Vahl . 575 
 scandens, Roxb. . . 575 
 ? sumatrana, Miq. . 582 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 575 
 , zeylanica, Linn. . . 576 
 zeylanica, Wall, . .675 
 Oleoxyloji balsami- 
 
 ferum, Wall. . . 298 
 Oligomeris, Camb. . .181 
 glaucescens, Camb. . 181 
 Opilia, Roxb. . . . 583 
 acuminata, Wall. . 683 
 amentacea, Roxb. . 583 
 amentacea, Wall. . 582 
 javanica, Miq. . . 684 
 odorata, Spr. . .554 
 
 Opilie^ 673 
 
 Oraoma canarana, 
 
 Turcz .... 560 
 Ornitrophe allophyllus, 
 
 Pers .... 673 
 aporetica, Roxb. . 674 
 asiatica, Hort. . .674 
 (7o&6e, Willd. . . 673 
 glabra, Roxb. . . 674 
 malabarica, Hb, 
 
 Madr 674 
 
 Schmiedelia, Pers. . 674 
 serrata, Roxb. . . 674 
 villosa, Roxb. . .674 
 Orophea, Bl. . . . 90 
 acumioata, A. DO. . 91 
 Brhiidisn,!!. f.dkT. 91 
 coriacea, Thw. . . &3 
 enterocarpa, Maing. 
 
 mas 9'2 
 
 erythrocarpa, Bedd. 91 
 Heyneana^H.f.^T. 77 
 ? oUiqna, H. f. & T. 93 
 polycarpa, A, DC. . 91 
 Thomsoni, Bedd. . 91 
 uniflora, H. f. d; T. 90 
 zeylanica, i/, /.<& r. 90 
 
 & 
 
 365 
 426 
 435 
 436 
 436 
 438 
 
 436 
 438 
 437 
 436 
 
 Page 
 Otonychium imbria- 
 
 cum, Bl. . . . 692 
 
 Otophora, Bl. . . . 680 
 
 erythrocalyx, Hiern 680 
 
 fmticosa, Bl. . . 680 
 
 paucijuga, Hiern . 6«0 
 
 Ottilis zeylanica, Gaertn. 667 
 
 Oudemansia integer- 
 
 rima, Miq. 
 
 OXALIDEiE . 
 
 Oxalis, Linn. 
 Acetosella, Linn. 
 corniculata, Linn, 
 gracilenta, Kurz, 
 Griffithii, Edwg. 
 
 H.f. . . 
 Metziana, Miq. 
 Petersii, Klotzsch 
 pusilla, Sallsb. . 
 Reinwardtii, Zucc. 
 
 437, 438 
 repens, Thunb. . .436 
 sensitiva, Zucc. . . 437 
 sensitiva, Linn, . .438 
 sensitivum, Hb, Wight 439 
 sessilis, Ham. . .437 
 
 Oxycarpus gangetica, 
 
 Ham 262 
 
 Oxygraphis, Bange . 21 
 glacialis, Bunge . . 21 
 polypetala, //,/, cfcT. 21 
 
 Oxyraitra, Bl. . . . 70 
 affinis, B. f. <lsT. . 70 
 filipes, H.f. &T. . 71 
 fornicata, if. /. c& r. 71 
 glaiica, i/./.ct-r. . 71 
 latifolia, H. f. cfc T. 70 
 Maclellandii, H. f. 
 
 dkT. .... 70 
 macrophylla, A, DC, 73 
 stenopetala, H. f. 
 
 <kT 71 
 
 unonaefolia, H.f. &T. 71 
 
 Pacbygone, Miers . 
 
 adversa, Miers . 
 
 concinna, Miers . 
 
 odorifera, Miers . 
 
 ovata, Miers . 
 
 Plukenetii, Miers 
 Pachyqone.«: . . 
 Paeonia, Linn. . , 
 
 emodi, Wall.. . 
 
 ojficinalis, H. f. & 
 
 P^ONIEJE . . . 
 
 Pangie^ .... 
 
 Papaver, Linn. . . 
 amanumy LindL 
 
 . 105 
 . 105 
 . 105 
 . 105 
 . 105 
 , 105 
 . 95 
 . 30 
 . 30 
 ?. 30 
 . 2 
 . 189 
 . 116 
 . 117 
 
72S 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONyMS. 
 
 Page 
 Argemone, Linn. . 117 
 dubium, Linn. . .117 
 glahrum, Royle . .117 
 hybridum, Linn. . 117 
 nudicaule, Linn. . 117 
 oriental ft, Linn. . .117 
 paniculatum^ Don . 119 
 Khoeas, Linn. . .117 
 simplicifoliut/i^ Don. 1 1 8 
 soraniferum, Linn, .117 
 Papaveraok^ . . . 116 
 Papeda Rumphii^ Cat. 
 
 Hort. BoR. . . .515 
 Parabaena, Miers . . 95 
 ferruginea, Miers . 96 
 hfteropki/lla, Miers. 96 
 olerarea, Miers . . 96 
 sagittata, Miers . . 96 
 Paracelastrus bivalviSf 
 
 Miq 614 
 
 Paramigyna. Wight . 509 
 arinata, Oliv. . ,511 
 citrifolia, //. /. . .510 
 rifrifolia, Oliv. . . 510 
 grandiflora, Oliv. . 510 
 Griffithii. H. f. . . 510 
 • longispina, ZT, /. . 511 
 monophylla, Wight . 510 
 Parartabotrys sumO' 
 
 trana, Miq. . . 83 
 Parashorea stellata, 
 
 Kurz 304 
 
 hvgispermfu, Kurz. . 308 
 ParUium gangeticum, 
 
 Don 845 
 
 tiliaceum, W. k A.. 343 
 tricuspe, G. Don . 344 
 Paronychia subidataf 
 
 Lamk 245 
 
 Parrya, Br. ... 131 
 exscapa, ^fey. , ,131 
 lanuginosa,/)./. cfeT'. 132 
 macrocarpa, Br. . .131 
 platycarpa, /^./.(fcr. 131 
 Parvatia, Dene. . . .108 
 Brunoniana, Dene. . 108 
 Patonia parti folia, 
 
 Wight .... 84 
 
 Walkeri, Wight . . 84 
 
 Paullinia asiatiea, L. 497 
 
 Pavia, see JEsculus . 675 
 
 Pavonia, Cav. . , . 330 
 
 acerifolia, Lk. & Otto 338 
 
 arabica, Ilochst. . . 331 
 
 ceratocarpa, Dalz. . 331 
 
 glechomifolia, A . Rich. 330 
 
 grewioides, Hochst. . 332 
 
 odorata, Willd. . .331 
 
 Paije 
 procunibens, Boiss. . 330 
 propinqua, Garcke . 332 
 repanda, Spr. . . 330 
 Rombrua, Wall. . 331 
 rosea. Wall. . . .331 
 sidoides, Horn. , .331 
 zeylanica, Cav. . . 331 
 Peganum, Linn. . .486 
 Harmala, Linn. . . 486 
 Pelargonium grossula- 
 
 rioides .... 435 
 
 Pentace, Ifassk. . .381 
 
 burmannica, Kurz. . 381 
 
 triptera, 3fast. . . 382 
 
 Pentacme siamensis, 
 
 A. DC 304 
 
 tuavis, A. DC. . .304 
 Pentaglottis suberifolia, 
 
 Wall 369 
 
 Pentahha ? bengalensis, 
 
 Wall 186 
 
 macrophylla, Wall. 187 
 xyUtniea, Am. . . 187 
 Pentapetes, Linn. . .371 
 aceri/olia, Cav. . . 368 
 plioeuicea, Linn.. . 371 
 sxdjeri/olia, Linn. . 367 
 tomeniosa^ Wall, (for 
 Pentaglottis tomen- 
 
 tosa) 373 
 
 Peraphora robusta, 
 
 Miers .... 105 
 Pereira inedica, Lindl. 99 
 Penandra ccespitosa^ 
 
 Camb 243 
 
 Pericarapylus, Miers . 102 
 incanus, Miers . .102 
 Peripterygium quinque- 
 
 lobuni, Hassk. . 597 
 
 Phicanthus, //. /. <fc T. 72 
 
 maiabaricus, ifecW. . 70 
 
 nutans, //./. d- T. . 70 
 
 Pliarnaceum deprcssum, 
 
 Linn 245 
 
 Philagonia fraxinifoUa, 
 
 Hook 490 
 
 procera, DC, . . .490 
 
 ? sambucina, BI. . . 490 
 
 Phlebocalymna, Griff. . 589 
 
 Griffithiana, Mast. . 590 
 
 Lobbiana, Mast. . . 590 
 
 Phoberos acuminatuSj 
 
 Thw 191 
 
 Arnottianus, Thw. . 191 
 crenatm, W. & A. . 191 
 Hooherianus, Thw. . 191 
 lanceolatus, Vf . k A. 191 
 macrophyllus,W.&,A. 190 
 
 P«pe 
 Rhinavthera, Benn. 190 
 Roxburghii, Benn. . 190 
 Wight ian i«, W . & A . 191 
 
 Physorhyncus, Hook. . 165 
 brahvicus, Hook. . 165 
 chanKBrapistrum, 
 
 Boiss 165 
 
 Phytocrene, Wall. . .591 
 bracteata, Wa/l. . .592 
 calliearpa. Griff. . 591 
 gigantea, Wall. . . 591 
 macrocarpa, (iJriff. . 592 
 oblonga, Wall. . . 592 
 palmata, Wall. . .692 
 styloearpa, GriflF. . 592 
 
 PnYTOCKENKiB . . . 573 
 PiCKAMHIE* . . . 517 
 
 Picrasma, Bl. . . . 520 
 andamanica, Kun . 520 
 javanica, HL . . . 520 
 nepalensis, Benn. . 620 
 quassioides, Benn. . 520 
 
 Pierotia Itceida, Bl. . 416 
 
 Pilotriehum canescens, 
 
 C. A. Mey. . . 141 
 elongat um, C. A . Mey .141 
 
 Piptosylis indica, Dalz. 505 
 
 PiTTOSPORE-B . . . 197 
 
 Pittosporura, Banks . 197 
 Ceylanicura, Wight . 199 
 dasycaulon, Miq. . 199 
 
 ? demifloritm, PutterL 199 
 eriocarpuin, 7i''*y/e . 199 
 ferrugineuin, Ait. . 199 
 ferra(jinev,m,V\xiie:v\. 200 
 floribiindum. W.d:.A. 199 
 glabratum, Lindl. . 198 
 humile, //. /. <t- T.. 193 
 nilghirense, W. <t A. 198 
 Rumphii, Putterl. . 200 
 tetraspermum, W. 
 &A 198 
 
 Pityranthe, Thw. . . 382 
 verrucosa, Thw. . . 382 
 
 Plagiopteron, Griff. . 399 
 fragrans. Griff. . . 399 
 
 Plagiotaxis Chickrawia, 
 
 Wall 568 
 
 grandiflora, Wall. . 552 
 veluiina. Wall. . . 568 
 
 Platea axillaris, Thw. 586 
 GrijHthiana, Miers . 590 
 Lobbiana, Miers . . 590 
 Wightiana, Miers . 586 
 
 Platynema laurifolium, 
 W. & A. . . . 418 
 
 Pleurostylia, Wight . 617 
 ^ej/na, W. & A. . 6l7 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 729 
 
 Page 
 
 Wightii, W.d;A. . 6i7 
 Ploiarium elegans, 
 
 Korth 294 
 
 Pceciloneuron, Bedd. . 278 
 
 indicum, Bedd. . . 278 
 
 pauciflorum, Bedd. . 278 
 
 Podopbyllurn, Zmw. . 112 
 emodi. Wall. . .112 
 
 hexandrum, Royle . 112 
 Polanisia burtporensis, 
 
 Munro .... 169 
 chelidonii, DC. . .170 
 
 dodecandra, DC. . 170 
 felina, DC. . . .170 
 
 heterophylla. Wall. . 1 70 
 
 icosandra,W.&A. . 170 
 
 Leschenaultii, DC. . 170 
 
 Schraderi, DC. . . 170 
 
 siviplicifolia, Camb. 169 
 viscosa, DC. . . .170 
 
 Polyalthia, Bl. . . . 62 
 
 ? aberrans, Maing. . 67 
 
 acuminata, Thw. . 63 
 
 argentea, H. f. <& T. 67 
 bifaria, Benth <kH.f. 62 
 biglandulosa, Benth. 
 
 & H.f. ... 65 
 
 cardiopetala, Dalz. . 75 
 
 cauliflora, H.f.<kT. 66 
 cerasoides, Benth. <b 
 
 H.f. . . . . 6d 
 cinnamomea, H. f. 
 
 (k T. . . . . J35 
 coffeoides, Benth. cfc 
 
 if./. .... 62 
 
 costata, H. f. d; T. . 67 
 fragrans, Benth. d; 
 
 /f./. .... 63 
 
 fruticans, A. DC. . 51 
 
 hypoleuca, H:f. d; T. 63 
 Jenkinsii, Benth. <Se 
 
 H.f. .... 64 
 Korinti, Benth. & 
 
 H.f. .... 64 
 longifolia, Benth. de 
 
 U.f. .... 62 
 macrophylla, H. f. 
 
 d' T. . ... 66 
 
 macrophylla, Bl. . 74 
 
 magnolijeflora, Main. 64 
 
 Moonii, Thw. . . 66 
 
 nitida, Benth. d; H.f. 64 
 
 obliqua, H. f. ds T. 67 
 persicaefolia, Benth. 
 
 d:n.f. ... 66 
 
 rufescens, H.f. d: T. 66 
 sclerophylla, H. f. de 
 
 T. 65 
 
 Page 
 simiarum, Benth. Js I 
 
 ^. /..... 63 ! 
 suberosa, Benth. ds 
 
 H.f .... 65 
 Polycarpaea, Lamh. . 246 
 corymbosa, Lamh. . 245 
 densi flora, Wall. . 245 
 diffusa, W.d: A. . 245 
 indica, Lamk, . ,245 
 spadicea, Lamk. . 245 
 spicata, W. <& -4 . . 246 
 staticceformis, Ilochst. 
 
 & Sieud. . . . 246 
 
 POLYCARPE^ . . . 213 
 
 Polycarpon, Linn. . . 244 
 Benthamii, Wall. . 245 
 depressa, DC. . .245 
 lanuginosa, Wall. . 245 
 Lcedingise, Benth. ds 
 H.f . . . . 245 
 
 Polygala, Linn. . .200 
 abyssinica, Fresen. . 2u2 
 arillata. Ham. . .200 
 Arnottiana, Steud. 204 
 Arnottiana, Hassk. 207 
 arvensis,^i\\A. . .204 
 brachystachya, DC. . 204 
 brachystachya, Bl. . 204 
 Buchanani, Ham. . 203 
 buxiformis, Hassk. . 205 
 campestris, Dalz. . 203 
 canarana, Hassk. . 207 
 ceylanica, Heyne . 201 
 chinensis. Linn. . . 204 
 ciliata, Hb. Wight . 204 
 ciliata, Linn. . . 207 
 confusa, Hassk. . . 203 
 crotalarioides, Ham. 201 
 densiflora, Bl. . . 206 
 depauperata, Wall. . 206 
 discolor, Ham. . .202 
 elegans, Wall. . .205 
 elongata, Klein . . 203 
 erioptera, L>C. . . 203 
 eumekes, Hassk. . .204 
 exigua, Hassk. . . 204 
 furcata, Royle . .201 
 Gerardiana, Wall. . 202 
 glabra, Heyne . . 204 
 ylaucescens. Wall. . 201 
 glaucoides, Linn. . 203 
 glaucoides, Wight . 204 
 glomerata, Lour. . 206 
 glornerata, Thw, . . 205 i 
 grandiflora, Hb. 
 
 Wight . . . . 204 j 
 granulata, Hassk. . 203 i 
 Heyneana, Wall. . 205 , 
 
 Page 
 hirsutula. Am. . .203 
 Hohenackeriana, 
 
 Fisch. de Mey. . 202 
 hypoglauca, Hassk. 203 
 h'yahna, Wall. . .201 
 japonica, Houtt. . 205 
 javana, DC. . . .201 
 Khasiana, Ilassk. . 205 
 Kleinii, Hassk. . . 204 
 leptalea, DC. . . 202 
 linarifolia, Willd. . 206 
 linarifolia, Heyne . 204 
 macrolophos, Hassk. 205 
 macropetala, Hassk. 206 
 macrostachya, Hassk. 204 
 monopetala, Camb. . 205 
 multibracteata, 
 
 Wall 204 
 
 myrsinites, Royle . 205 
 obtusata, DC. . . 203 
 oligophylla, DC. . 202 
 pedunculosa, Thw. . 205 
 persicariae folia, DC. 202 
 procumbens, lioxb. . 206 
 procumbens, Roxb. . 204 
 prostrata, Willd. . 204 
 ramosa, Hb. Wight. 204 
 rosmarinifolia, W.dh 204 
 
 A 204 
 
 Rothiana, W. & A. . 204 
 scabra, Edgw. . , 202 
 serpyllifolia, Poir. . 205 
 sibirica, Linn. . . 205 
 telephioides, Willd. 205 
 tinctoHa, Vahl . .201 
 tomentosa, Vahl . 203 
 Tran q uebarica, 
 
 Wight . . . .204 
 Tran quebarica, 
 
 Mart 204 
 
 triflora, Oliv. . . 203 
 triflora, Hassk. . . 204 
 triflora, Linn. . .204 
 triphylla, Ham. . 201 
 umbrosa, Mart. . . 206 
 Vah liana, DC. . . 203 
 varians, Mart. . . 206 
 vulgaris, Thunb. . 205 
 Wallichiana, Wight 203 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 203 
 Polyspora axillaris, 
 
 Chois. . . . _. 282 
 Pomaderris capsularis, 
 
 Q. Don . . .642 
 Pometia, J. R. & G. 
 
 Forst 691 
 
 eximia, H.f. (Bedd.) 691 
 tomentosa, Kurz . 691 
 
730 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 temata, G. Forst. 
 
 674, 691 
 
 Popowia, Endl. ... 68 
 Beddomeana, H. f. 
 
 dsT. .... 68 
 foetida, Maing. . . 69 
 UftUeri, H. f. d; T. . 69 
 nervifolia, Maing. . 69 
 pauciflora, Maing. . 69 
 ramosissima, JI. f. 
 
 ik T. .... 68 
 ramosissima, Bedd. 68 
 tomentosa, Maing. . 70 
 
 Portulaca, Linn. . ,246 
 cristfUa, Ham. . .247 
 foliosa, Ker. . .247 
 geniculata, Royle . 247 
 lavis, Ham. . . . 246 
 meridiana, Linn. . 247 
 napiforviis, F. MueH. 247 
 oleracea, Linn. . .246 
 pilosa, Hb. Madr. . 247 
 quadrifida, Linn. . 247 
 sufFruticosa, Wight . 247 
 snffvuticosa, Thw. . 246 
 tul)ero8a, lioxb. . .247 
 "Wiyhtiana, Wall. . 247 
 
 PORTULACEJ! . . . 246 
 
 Prinos cymosa, Hassk. ft05 
 spicafa, Miq. . . 698 
 
 Protium, W d; A. . . 630 
 caudatum, W.t(:A, 630 
 gihadensc, W. & A. 630 
 pul)escens, W. d- A. 630 
 Roxhurghiana, W.&A.630 
 
 Pseudehretia umbel- 
 
 lata, Turcz. . . 604 
 
 Pseuduvaria reticulata^ 
 
 Miq. .... 77 
 
 Pteleoearpa, Oliv. . , 691 
 malacceusis, Oliv. . 691 
 
 Pteridophyllum deci- ' 
 piens, Thw. . . 639 
 
 Pterisanthes, Bl. . . 663 
 cissoides, £1. . . 664 
 helerautba, Griff. . 664 
 pedata, Laws. . . 664 
 polita, Miq. . . . 663 
 
 Pterocyrnbium javani- 
 
 cum, Br. . . .362 
 
 Pterospermum, Schreb. 366 
 acerifolium, WUld. . 368 
 acerifolium, ZoU. & 
 
 Moric 367 
 
 aceroides, Wall. . 368 
 canescens, Roxb. . . 367 
 diversifolium, Bl. . 3«)7 
 glabrescens, W. d:A. 369 
 
 Page 
 Heyneanum, Wall. . 369 
 Jackianum, Wall. . 367 
 lanceaefolium, Roxb. 368 
 /yrtipmnam, Nimmo . 369 
 oblongitm, Wall. . . 367 
 obtusifolium, Wight 369 
 reticulatum, W. dbA. 369 
 rubiginosum, Heyne 368 
 semisagittatum, //«/». 36S 
 suberifolium, Lamk. 367 
 suberifolium, Willd. 369 
 
 Pterygola, alata, Br. . 360 
 alata, Thw. . . .361 
 Roxhurghii, Schott 
 & Endl. . . .360 
 
 Pycnarrhena, Miers . 105 
 mecistop/iytfa, Miers 1U6 
 planijlora, H.f. &T. 106 
 pleniflora, Miers ^ 106 
 
 Pyramtdanthe inifa, 
 
 Miq 81 
 
 Pyrenaria, fit. . . .289 
 acuminata, Planch. 290 
 attenuata, Seem. . 290 
 barringtouia^folia, 
 
 Seem 290 
 
 camelliwflora, Kurz. 290 
 
 Pyrospermum calophylr 
 
 lum, Miq. . . . 622 
 
 Quinio cocculoides, 
 
 
 Schlechtd. . . 
 
 101 
 
 Rahcnoulace* . . 
 
 . 1 
 
 Kanunoulbji . . 
 
 1 
 
 iianuuculus, Linn. 
 
 16 
 
 acrifi, Linn. . . 
 
 . 19 
 
 atiinis, Br. . . 
 
 18 
 
 amoeiius, Ledeb. . 
 
 . 18 
 
 aquatilis, Linn. . 
 
 . 16 
 
 aquatilisy Don . 
 
 16 
 
 arvensis, Linn. . 
 
 20 
 
 attenuatus, Royle 
 
 . 18 
 
 auricrrmus, Linn. 
 
 19 
 
 brevirostriSf Kdgw. 
 
 19 
 
 bulbosits, Linn. . 
 
 . 21 
 
 mbulicus, Boiss. 
 
 20 
 
 ca'spitosits. Wall. 
 
 . 18 
 
 chaeroj>byllo8, Linn. 
 
 18 
 
 chi7ien8is, Bunge 
 
 19 
 
 chooreiisis, Royle 
 
 . 18 
 
 Cyuibalariae, Tursh. 
 
 17 
 
 dahuricus, Turcz. 
 
 . 18 
 
 diffusus, DC. . 
 
 19 
 
 diistans, Royle . 
 
 . 19 
 
 falcatus, Linn. . 
 
 . 16 
 
 Jibrosus, Wall. . 
 
 19 
 
 flaccidus, H. f. <k T 
 
 20 
 
 Page 
 Flammula, Don . 17 
 geranioides, Bl. . . 19 
 glabratus, Royle . 18 
 hastatuSj Walk. . . 17 
 birtellus, Royle . . 18 
 hydrocotyloides, 
 
 Wall 19 
 
 hyperboreus, Rotlb. 18 
 kyperboreiu, H. f . 
 
 & T 18 
 
 indicus, Roxb. . . 19 
 javanicus, Bl. . . 17 
 laetus, Wall. . . 19 
 Lingua, Linn. . . ]6 
 lobatus, Jacq. . . 17 
 longica ulis. C. A. May . 1 7 
 mcmbranaceus, Royle 17 
 mollis, Wall. ... 19 
 muricatus, Linn. . 20 
 napaulensis, DC. . 19 
 nutans, C. A. Mey. 18 
 nepheh genes, Edgw. 17 
 ner casus, Royle . .18 
 nivalis, Linn. . . 19 
 obtectus, Wall. . . 19 
 ptdatitidus, Sm. . 18 
 jjedatijidus, Ledeb. 18 
 pennsylvanicus, Linn. 19 
 pimpindloides, Don 14 
 piniiatus Wight . 20 
 poiypetalus, Royle . 21 
 pulchellus, C. A. Mey. 17 
 P^rahii, Hook. . . 18 
 pygma'us, Vahl. . . 18 
 radicuns, H. f. & T. 18 
 radicans, C . A Mey. 1 8 
 reniformis. Wall. . 16 
 riparius, Edgw. , . 19 
 sagiitifolius, Hook,. 17 
 salsuginosus. Wall. . 17 
 sals^iginosus, Don. . 17 
 sceleratus, Linn. . 19 
 subpinnatus, W . & A. 19 
 trilobatus, Don . .19 
 tuberculatus, DC. . 20 
 vestitas. Wall. . . 21 
 x'itifhUus, Royle . 19 
 Wallichianus, lF.<t-4. 20 
 
 Raphane^ .... 130 
 
 Raphanus, Linn. . . 166 
 caudatus, Linn. . 166 
 Raphanistrum, Linn. 1 ^Q 
 sativijs, Linn. . . 166 
 
 Ratonia Lessertiana, 
 
 Benth. & H. f. .678 
 
 Reevesia, Lindl. . . 363 
 pubtscens, Ma^t. . 364 
 Wallichii, Br. . .364 
 
IXDE 
 
 ) viHA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 731 
 
 Reinwnrdtia, Dumort. 
 
 Aucheri, Boiss. . .181 
 bracteata, Boiss. . 181 
 nilgherrensis, J. 
 
 Mull 181 
 
 oligandra, Edgw. . 181 
 pruinosa, Del. . .181 
 EesEdack^ .... 180 
 Retinodendron lancecB- 
 
 folium, Korth. . 302 
 Bhamnea ? diospyri- 
 
 folia, Wall. . . 642 
 ? lucida, Wall. . ' .641 
 
 RHAMNEiE .... 629 
 
 Ruainnus, Linn. . . 638 
 acuminata, Colebr. 642 
 Arnottianus, Gardn. 638 
 circumscissus, Linn.f. 641 
 dahuricus, Pall. . 639 
 Miformis, Roth. . 641 
 ? glahratus, Hb. 
 
 Heyne 636 
 
 globosus, Bunge . . 639 
 hirsutus, W. & A. . 639 
 Jujuba, Linn. . . 632 
 lineatus, Linn. . . 638 
 lucidus, Roxb. . .641 
 myrtinios, Burm. . 641 
 Napeca, Linn. . . 635 
 nipalensis, Wall. . 640 
 nummularia, Burm. 633 
 (Enoplia, Linn. . 634 
 parvi4orus, Klein . 641 
 parvifolius, Turcz. . 639 
 persicus, Boiss. . . 638 
 polymorphus, Turcz. 639 
 procuoibens, tdgw. 640 
 purpureus, Edgw. . 639 
 rupestris, Royle . . 640 
 theezans, Linn. . .641 
 trigynus, Don . .641 
 triqueter, Wall.. . 639 
 virgaius, Roxb. . . 639 
 WigMii, W.dhA. .639 
 xylopyrus, Retz . 634 
 
 Rhaptomeris Burmanni 
 Miers .... 104 
 
 Bhesa Moja, Ham. . 622 
 paniculata. Am. .622 
 
 Rhm Cobbe, Linn. . 673 
 decipiens, W. & A. . 540 
 fraxlnifolium, Don 490 
 
 Page 
 Riid'iia concatenata, 
 
 DC 374 
 
 nrifoUa, DC. . 374 
 >a, DC. . . . 374 
 f'dia, DC. . . 374 
 "ta, W. & A. . 374 
 zeylanica. Am. 512 
 Ropalopetalum uni- 
 
 florum. Griff. . . 55 
 Roucheria, Planch. . 413 
 Griffithiana, P^aracA. 414 
 Roumea htbecarpa, 
 
 Gardn 195 
 
 Roxburghia baccata. 
 
 Keen 575 
 
 Roydsia, Roxb. . . 180 
 floribanda. Planch. 409 
 obtusifolia, B. f & T. 
 
 180, 409 
 
 parviflora, (rr^f. 180, 409 
 
 suaveolens, Roxb. . 180 
 
 Ruta, Linn. . . .485 
 
 albiflora. Hook. . 486 
 
 angustifolia. Pars. . 485 
 
 chalepensis. Wall. . 485 
 
 graveolens, Linn. . 485 
 
 japonica, Sieb. . . 486 
 
 tuberculata, ForsJc. . 485 
 
 RuTACB.^ .... 484 
 
 RuTEiE 484 
 
 Saccopektum, Benn. . 88 
 longi^oram, H. f. <S: T. 88 
 ? sclerocarpuoi, M. f. 
 
 ST. . . . .88 
 tomentosum, H. f. 
 
 & T 88 
 
 Scelanthus guadragonus, 
 
 Forsk 646 
 
 Sa^eraa Dalzellii^ 
 
 Bedd 93 
 
 ellipUca, H. f. & T. . 92 
 laurina, Dalz. . . 93 
 Thwaitesii, H. f. 
 
 & T 92 
 
 Segeretia, Brongn. . 641 
 Brandrethiana,^i<cA. 642 
 corymbosa, G, Don . 642 
 Jiliformis, G. Don . 641 
 hamosa, Brongn. , 641 
 oppositifolia, 
 
 Brougn. . , . 641 
 theezans, Brongn. . 641 
 theezans, Braudis . 642 
 Sagina, Linn. . . . 242 
 ammannioideSjW a\l. 251 
 Linnoei, Presl. . .243 
 procumbens, Linn. . 242 
 
 Page 
 saxatUis, Wimmer. 243 
 Salacia, Linn. . . . 625 
 Brunoniana, W.&A. 626 
 ? chinensis, Linn. . 627 
 t cochinchinensisy 
 
 Lour. . . . .627 
 densijiora, Wall. . 629 
 diandra, Thw. . . 627 
 Finlaysoniiy WaU. . 627 
 flavescens, Kurz . 625 
 floribunda, Wight . 629 
 fruticosa, Heyne . 628 
 grand i flora, Kurz . 626 
 Gritfithii, Laws. . 628 
 laevigata, Wight . . 624 
 latifolia, Wall. . . 629 
 Lobbii, Laws. . . 626 
 longifolia, H.f. . . 626 
 longifolia, Wall. . 629 
 macrosperma, Wight 628 
 Maingayi. Laws. . 626 
 membranacea, Laws. 627 
 memecyloides, Wall. 628 
 multiflora, Wight .617 
 oblonga, Wall. . .628 
 oppositifolia, Rottl. 628 
 ovalis, Laws. . . 627 
 paniculata, Wall. . 6J4 
 podopetala, Turcz. . 626 
 pomifera, Wall. . . 628 
 pomifera, W.&A. 629 
 priuoides, DC. . . 626 
 reticulata, Wight . 627 
 Roxburghii, Wall. . 627 
 rubra, Laws. . .627 
 terminalis, Thw. . 624 
 verrucosa, Wight . 628 
 ? viminea, Wall. .627 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 626 
 Salmalia malaJbarica, 
 
 Schott 349 
 
 Salomonia, Lour. . . 206 
 ? angulata, Griff. . 207 
 aphylla, Griff. . . 207 
 canarana, Hassk. . 207 
 cantoniensis, Lour. . 206 
 oil lata, DC. . . .206 
 cordata, Arn. . . 206 
 edentula, DC. . . 207 
 ? Horneri, Hassk. . 207 
 obovata, Wight . 207 
 oblongifolia, DC. . 207 
 lepiostachya. Wall. . 207 
 parasitica. Griff. . 207 
 petiolata. Ham. . . 207 
 ? rigida, Hassk. . 207 
 sessiliflora. Ham. . 207 
 ? 5efo«o-d/iaia, Hassk. 207 
 
732 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 
 ? stricta, Sieb. & Zucc. 207 
 
 subrotunda, Hassk. . 206 
 
 tenella, H. f. . . 207 
 
 ? uncinata, Hassk. . 207 
 
 Sahadora p€rsica,W aXi. 582 
 
 Saiuadera, Gartii. . . 618 
 
 iudica, Ga'rtn. . .519 
 
 lucida, Gcertn. . .519 
 
 Sandoricum, Cav. . . 653 
 
 horneense, Miq, . .554 
 
 emargiuatum, Hiern 553 
 
 glaherrimum, Hassk. 653 
 
 iudicum, Cav. . . 553 
 
 Maingayi, Hiern . 544 
 
 nervosum, Bl. . . 553 
 
 ternatum, Blanco . 553 
 
 Santiria, Bl. ... 636 
 
 apiculata, A. W. 
 
 Benn 637 
 
 conferta, A. W. Benn. 637 
 costata, A. W. Benn. 637 
 fafeciculata, A. W. 
 
 Benn 639 
 
 laevigata, Bl. . . . 638 
 Maingayi, A. W. 
 
 Benn 538 
 
 multiflora, A . W. 
 
 Benn 638 
 
 Planchonii, A. W. 
 
 Benn 636 
 
 puberula, A . W. 
 
 Benn 637 
 
 Sapindacb^ .... 668 
 Sapindus, Plum. . . 682 
 abruptm, Lour. . . 683 
 ahstergem, Koxb. . 682 
 acuminata, Wall. . 684 
 acuhis, Roxb. . . 682 
 acutus, Wall. . . 685 
 adenophyllusy Wall. 677 
 altemifolius, Hb. 
 
 Ham 672 
 
 mtgmtifoiiuA, Wall. 685 
 atteuuatus, Wall. . 684 
 hoif/halcnsis, Roxb. . 689 
 bifoliolatua, Hiern . 684 
 hijugus, Wall. . » 671 
 Danura, Voight . . 684 
 "idejiciens, W. & A.. 671 
 deteryenSj Roxb. . . 683 
 delergens. Wall. . . 6>5 
 edulis. Ait. . . .687 
 edulis, Bl. ... 672 
 emarginata, Vahl . 682 
 erectus, Hiern . .683 
 fraxinifoliuSy DC. . 672 
 glabratm. Wall. . . QriQ 
 Ul€niii,'i:hw. . . 682 
 
 Page 
 
 indica, Poir. . . . 685 
 
 laurifolid, Vahl . . 682 
 
 lepidotus. Wall. . . 556 
 
 longif alius, Hb. Ham. 6 72 
 longi folia, Vahl . .685 
 
 mollis, Bl. ... 685 
 
 monogyna, Hb. Hey. 089 
 
 Mukorossi, 0(ertn. . 683 
 
 multijwjus, Wall. . 685 
 
 oboratus, W. & A. . 685 
 
 pinnatus, Roxb. . . 672 
 
 "i pinnatics, Mill. . 672 
 
 polyphyllm, Roxb. . 685 
 Bfirak, DC. . . .672 
 
 rubigiuosa, Roxb. . 672 
 
 saponaria, Lour. . 672 
 
 sqvutmosus, Roxb. . 676 
 tetraphylla, Vahl .671 
 
 Thwaitesii, Hiern . 683 
 
 travanrortusis, Wall. 532 
 
 trifoliatus, Linn. . 682 
 
 uiiijuga, Thw. . . 682 
 
 undid atus. Wall. . 685 
 
 Saponaria, Zi/m. . . 217 
 
 oxyodonta, Poiss. . 217 
 perfoliata, Roxb. .217 
 
 Vaccaria, Boiss. . 217 
 Vaccaria, Linn. . .217 
 
 Sarosanthtni lasiope- 
 
 tala, Thw. . . 283 
 
 Sarcostigma, W. db A. 594 
 edule, Kurz . . .594 
 
 Kleinii, W.d' A. . 594 
 
 Wallichii, Baill. . 694 
 
 Saurauja, Willd. . . 286 
 
 cerea, Oriff, . . . 288 
 
 crenulata, Wight . 291 
 
 fasciculata, W(dl. . 287 
 fasciculata var. ab- 
 
 breviata, Chois . 287 
 
 ferruginea, GriflF. . 288 
 
 Qriffithii, Hi/ei . . 286 
 
 teucojMoia, Korth. 287 
 
 macrotricha, Kurz . 287 
 
 media, Korth. . . 287 
 
 micrantha, OrifiF. . 288 
 
 Dapaulensis, l>C. . 286 
 
 paniculata, Wall. . 286 
 
 punduana, Wall , 287 
 
 Roxburghii, WaU. . 287 
 
 stcrculifoiia, Griff. . 288 
 
 tristyla, Willd. . . 287 
 
 Sauraujeje .... 279 
 
 Scapha Candolli,G)aois. 287 
 
 pinangiana, Chois. , 287 
 
 Scaphium Wallichii . 361 
 
 Schima, Reinw. . . 288 
 ereuata, Korth. . .289 
 
 Pajre 
 
 hypoglauca, Miq. . 2s9 
 khasiaua, Dyer . . ^89 
 mollis, Dyer . . .288 
 Wallichii, Choi^. . 289 
 Schiz^udra, Michx. . 44 
 axillaris, H. f. A T. 45 
 elongata, H. f. ,k T. 44 
 grandiflora, H. f. <k 
 
 T 44 
 
 propinqua, ^./. ofcT. 45 
 
 ScHlZANDREiE ... 39 
 
 Schizochiton ? Wall. . 551 
 Schleichera, Willd. . 681 
 peutapetala, Roxb. 
 
 678, 681 
 
 pubescens, Roth. . 681 
 
 trijuga, Willd. . . 681 
 
 trijuga, Moritz. 678, 681 
 
 Schmidelta acuminata^ 
 
 Thw 673 
 
 adenophylla. Wall. . 674 
 Aporetica, Wall. . 674 
 Allophyllus, DC. . 673 
 bidevtuUi, Wall. . . 673 
 Cobbe, DC. ... 674 
 cochinckinensis, DC. 674 
 dcntata, Wall. . . 674 
 distac/iya, DC. . . 674 
 fcetidissima, Wall. . 674 
 Geniella, Camb. . . 674 
 glabra, Wall. . . 674 
 hispida, Thw. . . 673 
 integeiTima, Wall. 
 
 488, 674 
 Kobbe, Lamk. . . 674 
 orien talis, Sw. . .674 
 wnitrophioides,'^aX\. 674 
 racemosa, Linn. . . 674 
 Rhecdii, Wight . . 674 
 serrata, DC. . . . 674 
 temata, Camb. . . 674 
 timorensis, DC. . .674 
 varians, Thw. . .673 
 vestita, Wall. . . 674 
 villosa, Wight . . 674 
 Schoepfia, Schrtb. . .581 
 acuminata, Wall. . 582 
 fragrans. Wall. . .681 
 odorata. Wall. . . 581 
 Schrtberaalb€n8,WiM. 623 
 Sclerostylis Arnottiana, 
 
 Wight . . . .513 
 atalantioideSfW . & A. 508 
 atalanlioides, Wight 512 
 ovalifolia, Wight . 512 
 parvifolia, Wight .512 
 racemosa, Wight . 512 
 rotundifotia, Thw. . 513 
 
VEV 
 
 SYNONYMS. 
 
 733 
 
 -, VJi' 
 
 
 
 -i^ 1 
 
 ^■Uk^' 
 
 
 
 
 513! 
 
 er 
 
 
 
 
 513 < 
 
 'Wit'P. . 
 
 >> 1 
 
 
 
 190 j 
 
 indict, DC. . 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 191 ; 
 
 lavc^-'jlata, Ti 
 
 ', 
 
 
 ' , . ' • ^ - 
 
 191 
 
 Shorea, Roxb. 
 
 
 «';Y' ■;.>.■■ 
 
 /■■' , ■ 'i '-, 
 
 101 
 
 acMunioata, iJ'j 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 191 1 
 
 assaraica. Dyer . 
 
 yUY 
 
 » ,., 
 
 
 191 
 
 bracieolata, Dyer . 
 
 305 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 191 
 
 florr ■ '-'-- 
 
 ',04, 
 
 
 Clos. 
 
 101 
 191 
 
 gv 
 
 la, 
 
 
 ii!" . 
 
 ;! ';ra, Clos. . 
 
 190 
 
 It; 
 
 
 • \' 
 
 Uj.ii, W(W. . 
 
 190 
 
 I. 
 
 
 
 'lice . . . 
 
 191 
 
 lis:..-)njn.i,, TUo- 
 
 ' / 
 
 
 'leata, Sm. 
 
 497 
 
 hnqispenna, Roxb. 
 
 ,;. 'S 
 
 
 - 
 
 640 
 
 n^,;.,.,-,.... - n.,r- 
 
 ;■ ■ 1 S 
 
 U'> . 
 
 rongn 
 
 640 
 
 640 { 
 
 ob 
 ob 
 
 
 llir'.:- 
 
 ,.,.,■ , . 
 
 640 
 
 F 
 
 
 }■ 1...'" 
 
 • '.Ui... J. , 
 
 617 
 
 p, 
 
 
 
 , .,a, WigU. . 
 
 640 
 
 
 ■-."7 
 
 
 ' •: brtmiua, 
 
 
 , (joirf.n. . . 
 
 306' 
 
 /'), 
 
 
 531 
 
 \ TX; 
 
 804 
 
 ";■ \ ; ■ . ■ 1 
 
 )um, Hifrn 
 
 675 
 
 
 305 
 
 
 im, Hie^ . 
 
 67 o 
 
 
 3oa 
 
 
 '/igalenil^, 
 
 
 &bncK.,\., DyoT . . 
 
 30<r- 
 
 
 
 689 
 
 Siamensis. Mia. . 
 
 . 304 
 
 . yo4 
 
 / ■ 
 
 ■, 'i 'V . 
 
 
 Roxb. . 
 laia, Poxb>. 
 
 ^i07 
 
 . 304 
 
 804 
 
 306 
 
 ■v'- / 
 
 ' '■'(in, li.*^:v"b. . 
 
 .87 
 
 ^^ky'.-J fjehtandi'us, 
 
 
 
 Uoxb. 
 
 684 
 
 Wall. , . . 
 
 . 595 
 
 tr'j'i. 
 
 /./, I;u^l,, 
 
 68] 
 
 Sideroxylon spinosum 
 
 1 
 
 rcrt: 
 
 ■,■"„, a, 1. -i 
 
 684 
 
 WilU. . . . 
 
 191 
 
 Vj, -.,;■- ' 
 
 
 207 
 
 Sida, Linn. . . . 
 
 . 322 
 
 
 Benn.2(i% 
 
 . Ahitilm. Linn. . 
 
 . 327 
 
 
 i;a. 
 
 
 , acuta, Burm. 
 
 . 323 
 
 
 
 208 
 
 1 alba, Linn. . . 
 
 . 323 
 
 
 
 208 
 
 alnifolia, Linn. . 
 
 . 328 
 
 
 
 . 208 
 
 «^'-"-' •'■- Sw. . 
 
 . 324 
 
 
 
 . 208 
 
 ? .- 
 
 . 328 
 
 
 
 . 424 
 
 .T.^- 'Tl. . 
 
 . 326 
 
 
 ['Dciie. 
 
 . 424 
 
 O/titrncu. Wall . 
 
 . 32T 
 
 
 ceivMia, 
 
 
 «^>>(«, Wall. . . 
 
 . 328 
 
 K'.fitK-l .'• • 
 
 . 802 
 
 Sthere, L'Har. . 
 
 . 32e 
 
 ,S^7<w /. 
 
 mrfinlatwri. Spr. 498 
 
 Bdiin i. Wall. . 
 
 . 823 
 
 Sor. ■ 
 
 
 
 r-'"- ■• Willd. 
 
 . 828 
 
 
 . 201 
 
 I . / inn. 
 
 . 323* 
 
 /, 
 
 
 201 
 
 ^ ■ u . 
 
 . 32^. 
 
 
 stik. 
 
 . 201 
 
 J • » 
 
 . 8291 
 
 
 i^, DC. IP: 
 
 all. 
 
 . 323 
 
 326 
 323 
 327 
 322 
 327 
 
 Page 
 crispa, Linn. . . 328 
 cuneifolia, ^oxh.d22,Z7i 
 diversifolia, Spr. 
 Eteromischos, Cav. . 
 glandulosa, Roxb. . 
 glauca, Cav, . . 
 glutinosa, Roxb. 
 graveolens, Roxb. 
 grewioides, Guill. <fc 
 
 Perr 323 
 
 Tierhacea, Cav. . . 324 
 heterophylla, Spr. . 336 
 Jiirta, Wall. . 322, 327 
 hirta, Lamk. . . . 327 
 humilis, Willd. . . 322 
 indica, Linn. 
 indica, Cav. . . 
 lanceolata, Roxb. . 323 
 Leschenaultiana, DC. 325 
 macrophylla, Wall. . 326 
 micans, Cav. . . . 324 
 microphylla, Cav. . 324 
 montana, Roxb. 
 morifolia, Cav. . 
 muUicaulis, Cav. 
 mutica, Delile 
 njysorensis. W.d: A 
 nervosa, Wall. 
 obovata. Wall. . 
 olens. Ham. . . 
 orientalis, Cav. . 
 oxijphylla, Wall. 
 pentacarpos, Roxb. . 324 
 periplocifolia, Linn. 325 
 persica, Burm, . . 326 
 philippica, DC. . . 324 
 pilosa, Retz . . 
 pilosa, L'Her. 
 polyandra, Roxb. 
 populifolia, Lamk. 
 ? radicans, Cav. , 
 radicans, Wall. . 
 ramosa, Cav. 
 retusa, Linn. . . 
 retusa, Wight 
 rhombifolia, Linn, 
 rhombifolia, Wall. 
 rhomboidea, Roxb. 
 rotundifolia, Cav. 
 scabrida, W. & A. . 324 
 Scbimperiana, Hochst. 322 
 scoparia, Lour. . . 323 
 spinosa, Linn. . . 323 
 Stauntoniana, DC. . 323 
 stipulata, Cav. . ,323 
 tenax, Ham. . . . 322 
 tomentosa, Roxb. . 327 
 unilocular is, L'Her. 322 
 
 326 
 328 
 
 . 328 
 . 322 
 . 322 
 . 827 
 . 322 
 . 322 
 . 324 
 . 322 
 . 324 
 . 326 
 
 . 322 
 . 327 
 . 326 
 . 326 
 . 822 
 . 322 
 . 828 
 . 324 
 . 323 
 . 323 
 . 324 
 . 324 
 . 824 
 
734 
 
 INDEX OF GEN^A, SPECIES AND 8Y2ro\YMS. 
 
 uHiccefolia, W. & A. 822 ! 
 ver(yniccefolia,La.ia)s., 322 
 villosa, Wall. . . 327 
 SUene, Linn. . . .217 
 amcBna, Linn. . .219 
 apetala, Willd. . . 218 ; 
 arenosa, C. Koch .219 
 Ai-meria, Linn. . . 218 
 colorata, Poir. . 218, 22ff 
 conoidea, Linn. . . 2 i 8 
 cucubaluSj Wib. . .218 
 dasyphylla, Turcz, . 219 
 Falconeriaiia, Bentk. 220 
 gallica, Linn. . .218 
 graniinifoliay Otth. 219 
 Griffithii. Boiss. . . 220 
 6^m/- W aldemaHij 
 
 Klutzsch . . .219 
 indicay lioxb. . . 225 
 iutiata, Sm. . . .218 
 intrusa, W. & A. .218 
 khasiana, Rohrb. . 221 
 kunawareusis, Bentk. 220 
 leyseroides, Boiss. . 219 
 MoonToftiana, Wall. -il9 
 mu/tiri)/a, Edgw. . 220 
 noctiflora, Linn. . 218 
 repeiis, Boiss. . .219 
 «a/«a, Boiss. . . .219 
 ? Stracheyi, luhjw. . 221 
 auaveolens, Kar. & 
 
 Kir 220 
 
 tenuis, Wil/d. . .219 
 viridikora, Rohrb. ; 221 
 viscom, Pers. . . 220 
 Wallichiana, KluU. 218 
 Webbiana. If^o/^. . 220 
 Webbiana, Wall. . 220 
 
 SlLENKifC 212 
 
 Simaba quassioideSy 
 
 Ham 620 
 
 SiMARUBRJE .... 517 
 
 Sinapis alba, Linn. . 157 
 
 brassicata, Linn. . 15') 
 
 euneifijlia, Eoxb. . 157 
 
 dirfiotoma, Roxb. . 156 
 
 divaricata, Roxb. . 134 
 
 erysimoides, Roxb. . 156 
 
 glauca, Roxb, . .156 
 
 intcfjrifolia, Willd. . 167 
 
 juncea, Linn. . . 157 
 
 nigra, Linn. . . . 156 
 
 ptmlla, Roxb. . .134 
 
 ramosdy Roxb. . . 157 
 
 rugoaa, Roxb. . • ^^^ a 
 
 trilocularis, Roxb. . liny 
 
 Sipbonodon, Giiff. . . (;29 
 
 celastrineus, Griff. . 629 
 
 Pa«e 
 SiSYMBRIKJS . . . .129 
 Sisymbrium, Linn. . 147 
 Alliaria, Scop. . .151 
 axillars, //. /. dk T. . 149 
 Columnai, Jacq. . . 150 
 contort uplicaium, 
 
 DC 146 
 
 deltoideum, ff, f. 
 
 JcT. 161 
 
 foliosura, n.f. «fr T 148 
 biiualaicuni, H. f. 
 
 AT. .... 147 
 bumile, C. A. Mey. . 148 
 Irio, Linn. . . . 150 
 irioides, Boiss. . .150 
 lasioonrpura, H. f. 
 
 & T. 148 
 
 Loeselii, Linn. . . 151 
 minutiflorum, //. /. 
 
 ct r. 149 
 
 moll'ssiamra, C. A. 
 
 Mey 147 
 
 nudum, Boiss. . .137 
 paiinoriicuiu, Jacq. . 150 
 pLanigdiquam, H. f. 
 & T. . . . . .152 
 
 prim idtefolium, 
 
 Thorns 152 
 
 mpestre, Edgw. . .148 
 septulatum,, DC. . .150 
 Sophia, Linn. . .150 
 strictum, // /. A T. 149 
 Thalianum, Guy d' 
 
 Atoiin 148 
 
 torulostim, Desf. . 146 
 
 Wallichii.//./. cC- r. 149 
 
 Skironiia, nbg. . . 499 
 
 Laureola. //. /. . . 499 
 
 Slarkeu iTungni.f, Griff, 107 
 
 Sladenia. Kurz. . .281 
 
 celastrifolia, Kurz . 281 
 
 Smythea, Seem. . . 63S 
 
 calpicarpa, Kurz . 632 
 
 Sodadn deridua, Forsk. 1(5 
 
 So/andra lubata, Murt. ?36 
 
 SovLthtcdlia nobilis, 
 
 Salisb 358 
 
 Soymida. Juss. . . .567 
 febrifuga, Juss. . . 5t)7 
 Spergu a, Linn. . .243 
 CBstirom, Keen. . .251 
 arvensis, Linn. . . 243 
 ])entandra, Linn . 243 
 rubra, /.inn. . • . 244 
 Spergularia ruhrc, St, 
 
 Hil 244 
 
 Spkceoc'irya iejrosa, 
 
 Dalz 679 
 
 Spkarosacme decandra, 
 
 Wall {"■- 
 
 fra(/an8, Wall. . •'''- 
 ? laa^a. Wall, . , 560 
 panirulata, Wall, . 660 
 poll/St ac/iya. Wall. . 5r>9 
 Jio'kituL-a, Wall. . 5t;o 
 apicata, Wall, . , i>ii) 
 
 Spfuerostema axillare, 
 
 m t5 
 
 elongutnm, Bl. . . 4i 
 grand 'fi arum, H. f. 
 
 & T.* 44 
 
 grandijlorum, Wall. 4 1 
 propiiiqiium, Bl. , 4"' 
 
 Spina spinarum, 
 
 Rumph^ . . ' . . 1'.': 
 
 Stachy.nirs. 5. ik Z. . '/^c 
 him;iIaious,y//.«fc7'. 288 
 
 Stadmannia pubescens, 
 
 S{,r 681 
 
 trijur/a, Spr. . . .681 
 
 Stalughiitfs ovalifoliiu, 
 
 G. Ton .... 2 ;,» 
 
 Staj.liylta, /^inn. . . >'<: ^ 
 Kiiiooi, Wall. . . t;^ 
 indidi, Burm. . . tii.7 
 
 Stautifo-iia angustifolia. 
 
 Wail Kis 
 
 Brauiniana, Wall.. 1 - 
 la i folia, Wall. . , ]> - 
 
 Stel«' hocarpus, i?^ . 4, 
 IJuraho!, lU. . . . 47 
 
 Ste^laria, Linn. . . . '2L'y 
 aqiiatici, Sotp. . . 229 
 aquatica, Poll. . . 233 
 bulbosa. Wulf. . .231 
 cerantioidts, Linn. . 227 
 crispata, Wall. . . 229 
 decumbens, Edgw. . 234 , 
 depauperata, Edgw. 234 
 drymarioides, 7'Am;. . 229 
 Fenzliana, Klotrsch 232 
 glauca, With. . . 233 
 graniinea, Linn. . . 23-J 
 lanata, IL f.. . .232 
 latitolia, Benth. . . 231 
 longissin.a, WcUl. . 232 
 media, Z,m», . . 23u 
 media, Wight . .229 
 mollis, Klotzsch . . 232 
 monogyna, Don . . 230 
 monospen/ta, Don . 229 
 paniculati,, Edgw. . 22:> 
 patens, Don . . .232 
 petrcea, H. f. & T. . 234 
 saxatilie, Jlam. . . 232 
 semivestiiA, Edgw. . 230 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 735 
 
 Page 
 sikkimensis, H.f. . 230 
 subumbellata, Edgw. 233 
 thyviifolia. Wall. . 233 
 tibetica. Kurz. . .231 
 uliginosa, Linn. . . 233 
 Webbiana, Wall. . 230 
 
 Stemonoporws affinis, 
 
 Thw 314 
 
 canaliculatus, Thw. 315 
 distichus, Thw. . . 303 
 Gardner i, Thw. . . 314 
 lanceolatus, Thw. . 315 
 ? Moonii, Thw. . .316 
 nitidas, Thw. . .316 
 oblonf/ifolius, Thw. . 315 
 peiiolat'is, Thw. . .315 
 reticulatus, Thw. . 316 
 rigidus, Thw. . . 315 
 scabriusculus, Thw. 303 
 Wightii, Thw. . .314 
 
 Stemonurws affinis, 
 
 Miers .... 587 
 apicalis, Miers . .584 
 axillaris, Miers . .586 
 ceylanicm, Miers . 586 
 coriaceas, Miers . . 586 
 ? crassipes, Kurz .587 
 ? fcetidus, Wight . 589 
 Gtirdneri, Miers. . 586 
 Heyneanus, Miers . 586 
 longifolius, Miers . 586 
 penangianus, Miers. 587 
 polymo?-p/ms, Miers . 586 
 prasinus, Bl. . . .587 
 
 .? sechiidijlorus, Bl. . 584 
 1 tomentellas, Kurz . 587 
 B'rt/^eri, Miers . .586 
 
 Stephania, Lour. . .102 
 elegans, H.f. <k T. . 103 
 glabra, Miers . .103 
 glandulifera, Miers 103 
 hernandifolia, iruZp. 103 
 hypoglauca, Miers . 103 
 intertexta, M ers . 103 
 japonica, Miers . .103 
 latifolia, Miers . .103 
 longa, Miers . . .103 
 rotunda, Lour. . .103 
 Roxharghiana,TA\eirB 103 
 
 Sterculia, Ziwn. . . 354 
 affiuis, Mast. . . 361 
 alata, Roxh. . . .360 
 alata, Wall. . . .356 
 angustifolia. Jack. . 358 
 angusti folia, Roxb. 358 
 arraata, Mast. . .357 
 Balanghas, Linn. . 358 
 BalanghaSf iloxb. . 358 
 
 bicolor, Mast. . .359 
 campannlata. Wall. 362 
 coccinea, Jack . .357 
 coccinea, Eoxh. . . 357 
 coccinea. Wall. * . 360 
 colorata, ^ox6. . . 359 
 cuneata, Heyne . .356 
 ensifolia, Mast. . . 359 
 fcetida, Linn. . . 354 
 fiilgens, Wall. . . 360 
 fulgens, Wall. . .360 
 guttata, Roxb. . . 355 
 Heynii, Bedd. . . 360 
 Jackiana, Wall. . 358 
 Isevis, Wall. . . . 357 
 lanct(sfolia, Roxb. . 3.>6 
 lanceolata. Ham. . 357 
 linearicirpa, Mast. . 360 
 linguifolia, Mast. . 357 
 macrophylla, Vent. 356 
 Maingayi, J/as^ . 359 
 mollis, Wall. . . 358 
 nobilis, Br. . . .358 
 ovalifulia, Wall. . 356 
 par vi flora, Roxb. . t59 
 parvifolia. Wall. . 356 
 populifolia. Roxb. . 361 
 populifolia, W. &A. 361 
 pubescens, J/as^. . 357 
 punduana, Wall. . 364 
 Roxburghii, Wall. . 356 
 rubicunda. Wall. . 360 
 rubigitiosa, Fe«<. . 358 
 scaphisera, Wall. . 361 
 striatiti ra, Mast. . 356 
 Thwaitesii. Mast. . 361 
 tubulata, Mast. . . 862 
 urens, Roxb. . . .355 
 ver-sicolur, Wall. . 355 
 villosa, ^oj:&. . . 355 
 
 Stp:kculiack^ . . . 353 
 
 SXERCULIEiB .... 353 
 
 Stigmarosa Jangomas, 
 
 Lour 193 
 
 Streptostigma viridi- 
 
 florum, Thw. . . 692 
 
 Stroemcria tetrandra, 
 
 Vahl . . . .172 
 tHfoliata, Roxb. . 172 
 
 Strombosia, Bf, . .579 
 ceylanica, Gard. . 579 
 javauica, Bl. . .579 
 javanica, Thw. . . 679 
 
 Strut hiola scandens. 
 
 Wall 582 
 
 Stylophorurn, Nuft. . 119 
 lactucoi(«les, Bcnth. 
 d: H.f . . .119 
 
 Paee 
 
 Suriana, Linn. . . . 522 
 maritima, Linn . 622 
 Surwala robusfa, Rcera. 665 
 Swietenia Chickrassia, 
 
 Roxb 568 
 
 chloroxylon, Roxb. . 669 
 febrifuga, Roxb. • . 667 
 rubra, Wall. . . .667 
 soj/mida. Dune. . 567 
 S'otrophola,\lh.Yid^m. 568 
 trilocularis, Roxb. . 568 
 velutina. Wall. . . 568 
 villosa, Wall. . .508 
 
 SWIETENIE^ . . . 641 
 
 Synaptea grandiflora, 
 
 Kurz .... 301 
 odorata. Griff. . .301 
 
 Talauma, Juss. . . .40 
 KodgHom, H.f <(:T. 40 
 lanigera, H. f. & T. 40 
 mutabilis, Bl. . . 40 
 Rabauiana, i^. /. <{; r. 40 
 
 Talinum, Adans. . . 247 
 cuneifolium, Willd. 247 
 indigum, W. & A. 
 
 Tamariscine^ . . 
 
 Taniariv, Linn. 
 ariiculata, Vahl. 
 
 247 
 248 
 248 
 249 
 
 articulata,\\ all 248, 249 
 249 
 249 
 248 
 248 
 248 
 250 
 248 
 248 
 249 
 249 
 248 
 248 
 249 
 
 dioica, Roxb. 
 ericoides, Rothb. 
 epacroides, Sm. . 
 Gal Ilea, Linn. . 
 Gallica, Wight . 
 Germamra, Linn. 
 indica. Keen. 
 indica, Willd. . 
 mucronftfa, Sm. . 
 orientalis, Forsk. 
 Pallasii, Desv. . 
 passer in oides, Del. 
 Pharas, Ham. . 
 ramosissima, Ledeb. 248 
 
 salina, Dyer. 
 stricta, Boiss. 
 tenarissima, Ham. 
 
 248 
 249 
 249 
 
 i vsneiides, E. Mey. . 249 
 
 i Tarrietia, Bl. . . . 362 
 
 simplicifolia, Mast. . 362 
 
 Tauscheria, Fisrh. . 163 
 
 destrtoruin. Led. . 164 
 
 lasiocarpa, DC. . .164 
 
 Teiininalia paviculata 419 
 
 Terustroemia. Linn. . 280 
 
 aneura, Miq. . . 281 
 
 bilocalaris, Roxb. . 287 
 
 ? coriacca, Wall. . 282 
 
 \ 
 
736 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 crenulata,^&[l . 283 
 cunei folia . . .281 
 Idumosa, Wall. . .282 
 emarginata, Chois. . 281 
 'i integerrima. Wall. 
 
 282, 283 
 japonica, Thunh. . 280 
 ? Kkaayana, Chois. . 281 
 Lashicu, Ham. . . 284 
 macrocarpa, Scheff. 2S1 
 ? macrophylla, Wall. 290 
 penangiana, Chois. . 281 
 pentapetdla. Jack . 287 
 racemosa, Don . . 286 
 ? reticulata. Wall. . 282 
 Uericea, Wall. . . 283 
 serrata, Roxb. . . 287 
 tnlocularis, Roxb. . 287 
 Wightii, Chois. . . 281 
 
 TERNSTROSMIACEiB . . 279 
 
 Teknstrcemiejs . . 279 
 
 Tcypnophyllum zeylani- 
 
 cum, Thw. . . 268 
 
 Tetracera, Linn. . . 31 
 
 Assa, DC. . . . 31 
 
 Euryandra, Vakl . 32 
 
 Isevis, Vnhl ... 31 
 
 7ttc/rfrt, Wall. . . 32 
 
 macrophylla, Wall. . 3 i 
 
 Rheedii, DC. . . 31 
 
 sarinentosa, Willd. . 81 
 
 sericea, Bl. . . . 31 
 
 trig II na, Roxb. . . 31 
 
 Tetractomia, H.f. . . 490 
 majus, H.f. . . .490 
 
 Roxburghii, ir. /. . 490 
 
 Tetradium trichotomum, 
 
 Lour 490 
 
 Tetramerista, Miq. . 526 
 glabra, Miq. . . .526 
 
 Thalictrum, i^'nn. . . 10 
 
 acaule, Carab. . . 12 
 
 alpioum, Linn. . . 12 
 
 hractcatum. Roxb. . 2 
 
 Chelidonii,'Z>a . 11 
 Chelidonii, 11. f.kT. 11 
 
 cultratum, Wall. . 11 
 
 1 cvsticarpiim,^ai]\. 11 
 
 Dalzelli, Honk. . . 13 
 
 elejiaiis. Wall, . . 10 
 
 foetidum, Liun. . . 14 
 
 foliolosum, JJC. . . 14 
 ylyphocarpum, W. 
 
 &A 14 
 
 Javanicum, Bl. . . 13 
 
 Kemense, Fries . . 14 
 
 macrosfiyma, Edgw. 11 
 
 majus, J acq. ... 14 
 
 Page 
 
 marginatum, Royle . 12 
 
 Maxicellii, Royle . 14 
 microphyllam, Royle 12 
 
 mious, lAnn. . . 14 
 
 minus, Boiss. . . 14 
 
 neurocarpum, Royle 11 
 
 pauciflonim, Boyle . 11 
 
 pedunculatum, Edg. 12 
 platicarpum, H. f. 
 
 d'T. . . . . 11 
 
 Punduanum Wall. 13 
 
 radiatum, Royle . 13 
 
 reniforme, Wall. . 11 
 rostellatum, H. f. 
 
 cfc r. . . . . 12 
 
 rotundifolium, DC. 13 
 rutajfolium, H. f. 
 
 (& T. . . . . 12 
 
 saniculaforme, DC. 13 
 
 secundum, Edgw. . 11 
 
 vaginatum, Royle . 14 
 
 virgatura, U. f. cfc T. 12 
 TJtea assamica, aflF. 
 
 sp. Chois. . . .290 
 
 assamica, Mast. . 292 
 
 chinensis, Linn. . 292 
 
 vii'idis, var. , Chois. 290 
 Thlaspi, Unn. . . .161 
 alpestre, Linn. . .162 
 
 arvense, Linn. . . 162 
 cardiocarpum, II. f. 
 
 <t T. . . . . 162 
 
 cocklcariforme, DC. 162 
 cocbleariuides, II. f. 
 
 A-T. .... 162 
 
 Gri^fhianum, Boiss. 162 
 
 THLASPIDE.fi . . . l'*0 
 
 Thuya aphylla, Linn. . 24y 
 
 Thylacospermum, Fend. 243 
 rupifrafrrum, 
 
 Schrenck. . . .243 
 
 TiLiACE^ .... 379 
 
 Tiliacora, Colehr. . . 99 
 ahnormalis, Miers . 99 
 acuminata, Miers . 99 
 cuspid if ormis, Miers 99 
 fraternaria, Miers . 99 
 racemosa, Colehr. . 99 
 
 TiLiE^ ..... 380 
 
 Tim(rosia rupestris, 
 
 Klotzsch . . .217 
 
 Tinoniiscium, Miers . 97 
 petiolare, Miers . . 97 
 
 Tinospora, Miers . . 96 
 cordifolia, Miers . 97 
 crispa, Miers ... 96 
 malabarica, Miers . 96 
 tomentosa, Miers . 96 
 
 Page 
 
 nliginosa, Miers . . 97 
 
 Tltl08P0RE.E ... 94 
 
 Toddalia, Juss. . .497 
 aculeata, Pers. . . 497 
 "i.angusHfoliH, Lamk. 497 
 angastifoUa, iMiq. . 497 
 asiatica, Tiamk. . . 497 
 biloeularis, IP. <fe 4. 497 
 floribunda, Wall. . 497 
 niifis, Miq. , . . 492 
 niiida, Lamk. . , 4^7 
 ruhicaulis,WiM. . 497 
 
 TODI ALIE^ .... 484 
 
 Ton sel la disper ma, Voir. 625 
 prinoides, Willd. . 626 
 
 Toona ciliata, Rcem. . 569 
 febrifuga, Ra;m. . 569 
 hexandra, Roem. . 669 
 lougifolia, Koem. . 569 
 serrata, Roem. . . 569 
 
 ? velutina, Roem. . 568 
 
 ? villosa, Roem. . . 568 
 
 Toxicodendrum Cobhe, 
 
 Ga;rtn 674 
 
 Tribal us, Linn. . .423 
 alatus. Del. . • .423 
 cistoides, Linn. . ,423 
 lanuginosus. Lrtin. . 423 
 terrestris, Linn. . .423 
 
 Trichadenia, Thw. . .196 
 zeylanica, Thw. . .196 
 
 Tridi a u rus ericoides, 
 
 W. & A. . . . 249 
 
 TrichUia con'arm, Wall. 564 
 ? lonffissima. Wall. . 652 
 nervosa, Vahl . ,653 
 spinosa, Willd. . .612 
 trifoliata, WaU. . . 664 
 venosa, Spr. . . . 663 
 ? villosa, WaU. . . 664 
 
 TRICHILE.K .... 640 
 
 Tridcsmis fomwsa, 
 
 Korth 258 
 
 ochnoides, Spach . 258 
 
 prujiiJio)'a,\KviTz . 258 
 
 Trigoniastrum, Miq. . 208 
 
 hypoleucum, Miq. . 208 
 
 Trigonochlamys, H. f. 539 
 
 Griffithii, H.f. . . 539 
 Triguera acerifolia, 
 
 Cav 336 
 
 Triomma, H.f. . . 528 
 
 raalaccensis, H.f. . 628 
 
 Triphasia, Lour. . . 606 
 
 aurantiola. Lour. . 607 
 
 ? sarmcntosa, Bl. . . 509 
 
 trifoliata, DC. 507, 508 
 
 Tristellateia, Thouars 418 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 737 
 
 Page 
 
 australasica, A . Rich. 418 
 
 Triumfetta, Linn. . .394 
 
 angulata, Lamk. . 395 
 
 angidata, ^ acuminata. 
 
 Wall 395 
 
 annua, Linn. . . 396 
 Barlramia, Roxb. . 395 
 hilocylaHs, Wall, 
 ca^a;, Bl. . . . 
 glabra, Hh. Miss, 
 glandulosa, Heyne 
 indica, Ham. 
 indica, Larak. . .396 
 ? microphyUa,W.&k. 396 
 neglecta, W.d-A, . 396 
 oblonga, Wall. . . 
 oblongata, Link. 
 orhiculata, Keen. 
 ovata, DC. 
 pentandra, Guill. & 
 
 Perr 
 
 pilosa, Roth. . . 
 pilosafWaXl. . . . 
 pilosa, var. Thw. . 
 pilosula, Thw. 
 
 395 
 396 
 395 
 395 
 394 
 
 394 
 395 
 395 
 394 
 
 394 
 394 
 394 
 396 
 
 pohjcarpa,'^SL\\. 395, 396 
 rhomboidea, Jacq. . 395 
 rotundifolia, Lam. . 395 
 semitriloba, Linn. , 396 
 suborbiculata, DC. . 395 
 tomentosa, Bojer. . 394 
 tomentosa, Wall. . 395 
 trichoclada, Link. . 396 
 trilocularis, Roxb. . 395 
 vestita, Wall. . 394, 395 
 
 Trorhisandra indica, 
 
 Bedd 622 
 
 Trochodendre^ . . 39 
 
 Troll ius, Linn. . . 2*2 
 acaulis, Lindl. . . 22 
 puniilus, Don . . 22 
 pumilus, Royle . . 22 
 
 Tunica, Scop. . . .215 
 stricta, Biinge . .216 
 
 Turpinia, Veyit. . . 698 
 latifolia, Wall. . . 699 
 martabanica, Wall. 699 
 microcarpa, W. & A. 699 
 nepalensis, Wall. . 699 
 pomifera, BC. . . 698 
 
 Turraea, Linn. . . .541 
 alafa, Wight . . 542 
 pinnata, Wall. . . 543 
 trichostylis, Miq. . 379 
 villosa, Benn, . . 542 
 virens, Linn. . .541 
 virens, Hellen. . .612 
 
 Turritis glabra, DC. . 135 
 VOL. L 
 
 ngida, Wall. . .135 
 Tytonia natans, Q. Don 483 
 
 Unona, Linn. ... 58 
 Alphonsii, Wall, . 62 
 cauliflora, ff.f. dh T. 60 
 chinensis, DC. . . 59 
 cochinchinensis, DC. 59 
 cordifolia, Roxb. . 59 
 crinita, H.f.&T. . 61 
 Dasymaschala, jBZ. . 61 
 desmantha, H.f.&T. 61 
 Desmos, Dun. . . 59 
 discolor, Vahl . . 69 
 dumosa, Roxb. . . 59 
 Dunalii, Wall. . . 68 
 Dunalii, H. f. & T. 59 
 elegans, Thio. . . 58 
 fulva, Wall. ... 69 
 grandiflora, DC. . 47 
 hamafa, Dun. . . 64 
 latifolia, ff. f. & T. 60 
 Lawii, H.f. &T. . 69 
 leptopetala, Dun. . 66 
 longiflora, Roxb. . 61 
 Narum, Dun. . . 60 
 odorata, Dun. . . 66 
 pannosa, Dafe. . . 68 
 pedunculosa, A. DC. 59 
 precox, H.f.&T. . 60 
 pycnantha, H. f. & T. 60 
 stenopetala,^./.c&r. 60 
 suaveolens, Bl. . . 65 
 undulata. Wall. . 59 
 virgata, Bl. . . . 67 
 viridiilora, Bedd. . 60 
 zeylanica, H.f.&T. 68 
 
 UnonejE 46 
 
 Ureua, Lmn. . \ .329 
 cann, Wall. . . .329 
 cordata, H6. Heyne 330- 
 Hamiltoniana, Wall, 330 
 heterophylla, Sm. . 330 
 Lappago, DC. . . 330 
 lobata, Linn. . . 329 
 morifoUa, DC. . .330 
 muricata, DC, . . 330 
 palmata, Roxb. . . 329 
 repanda, Roxb. . . 330 
 rigida, Wall. . . .330 
 W<7idrt, Wall. . . 330 
 scabriuscula, DC. . 329 
 scabriuscula, Wall. 329 
 sinuata, Linn. . . 329 
 spedosa, Wall. . . 330 
 tomentosa, Wall. .330 
 
 Urene^ 318 
 
 C/std>is triphyllafBaTm. 674 
 
 Page 
 
 Uvaria, Linn. ... 47 
 
 axillaris, Roxb. . 56 
 
 bicolor, Roxb. . . 80 
 
 bicolor, Wall. . . 81 
 
 bracteata, Roxb. . 49 
 
 cauliflora, Wall. . 66 
 
 cerasoides, Roxb. . 64 
 
 cordata, Wail.. . . 49 
 
 coriacea, Vahl . . 61 
 
 costata. Wall. . . 67 
 
 dioica, Roxb. . . 87 
 
 dulcis. Dun. . . 48 
 
 elegans, Wall. . . 82 
 
 elllptica, A. DC. . 92 
 
 excelsa, Wall. . . 77 
 
 far eta. Wall. . . 5Q 
 
 ferruginea. Ham. . 62 
 
 fomicata, Roxb. . 71 
 fulgens, Wall. . .82 
 
 /w/va, Wall. ... 79 
 
 gigantea, Wall. . . 75 
 
 Oomeziana, A. DC. . 49 
 
 grandiHora, Roxb. . 47 
 
 hamata, Roxb. . . 64 
 
 Hamiltoni, ^./. cfcT'. 48 
 
 heteroclita, Roxb. . 45 
 
 Heyneana, Wall. . 77 
 
 Heyneana, W. & A. 61 
 
 hirsuta, Jac^ . . 48 
 
 Javana, Dun. ." . 48 
 
 lanuginosa, Wall. . 79 
 
 latifolia, Bl. . . 79 
 
 Lobbiana, H f. ft- T. 49 
 
 longifolia, Larak. . 62 
 
 lurida, H. f kT. . 60 
 lurida var. /3., H. f. 
 
 & T 50 
 
 lutea, Roxb. . . .89 
 
 hitea, Wall. ... 61 
 lutea,vars., W.&A. 77, 89 
 
 mabiformis, Griff. . 82 
 
 macrophylla, Roxb. 49 
 
 macropoda, H. f. . 60 
 
 manubriata. Wall. . 79 
 
 micrantha, H.f:&T. 51 
 
 mollis, Wall. ... 58 
 
 Narum, Tl^a/?. . . 50 
 
 n&'vosa. Wall. . . 79 
 
 nutans, Wall. . . 72 
 
 obovata, Heyne . . 75 
 
 obtiisa, Bi. ... 76 
 
 odorata, Lamk. . . 66 
 
 odoratissi ma, Roxb. 54 
 
 ophthal mica, Roxb. 72 
 
 oxyantha. Wall. . 83 
 
 parviflora, ^./. ct-r. 51 
 paucioYulata, U.f.d: T. 61 
 
 •golyantha, Wall. . 81 
 3 B 
 
738 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 prismatica, Wall, 
 ptychocalyx, Miq. . 
 purpurea, Bl. . . 
 reticulata, Bl. . . 
 Eoxhcryhiana, Wall. 
 rubiginosa, A. DC. . 
 Russellii, Wall. . 
 sclerocarpa, A . DC. 52,88 
 eemecarpifolia, U. f. 
 
 &T. .... 49 
 Bphenocarpa,^./.<fc7'. 48 
 suberosa, Roxb. . . 65 
 Bubrepanda, Wall. . 50 
 sumatrana, ff.f.dsT. 51 
 tomentosd, Roxb. . 88 
 trichomalla, Bl. .48 
 tripetala, Roxb. . 72 
 velutina. Dun, . . 87 
 ventricosa, Roxb. . 89 
 viUosa, Roxb. . . 87 
 virgata, Bl. . . . 57 
 zeylauica, Linn. . 51 
 Utarie^ .... 46 
 
 Vareca heteroclitOj 
 
 Roxb 186 
 
 lanceolata, Roxb. . 188 
 Vateria, Linn. . . -SIS 
 acuminata, Ifcyne . 313 
 acitminata, Thw. . 314 
 affinis, Tkio. . . .314 
 canaliculata, Thw. .315 
 ceylanica, Wight . 314 
 cordifolia, Thw. .317 
 disti'cha, Thw. . . 303 
 elegans, Thw. . .317 
 Ghirdneri, Thw. . .314 
 indica, Linn. . .313 
 indica, Thw. . . 313 
 jucunda, Thxo. . .314 
 lanceafolia, Roxb. . 302 
 lanceolaria, Roxb. . 302 
 lanceolata, TAm?. . 315 
 lancenlata, Roxb. . 302 
 malabarica, Bl. . .313 
 Moonii, Thw. . .316 
 nitida, Thw. . . .316 
 oblongifolia, Thw. .315 
 petiolaris, T'/iJ^. . .315 
 reticulata, Thvj. . 316 
 rigida, Thw. . . .315 
 Eoxburghiana,W\giii 302 
 scabriuscida, Thw. . 303 
 Wighiii, Thw. . . 314 
 Vatica, Z/inn. . . . 301 
 acuminata, A. DC. 314 
 affinis, Thw. . . .303 
 canaca, Ham. . .302 
 
 Page 
 canaliculata, A. DC. 315 
 chinensis, Linn-. . 302 
 ? cordifolia, Thw. . 303 
 ? disticha. A. DG. . 303 
 faginea. Dyer. . .301 
 Gardneri, A. DC. .314 
 grandiflora, Z>yer . 301 
 Helferi, Dper . . 302 
 laccifera, W. & A. . 305 
 lanceaefolia, Bl. . . 302 
 lanceolata, A. DC. 315 
 Maingayi, Dyer. . 302 
 iWoonii, A. DC. . 316 
 nitida, A. DC. . .316 
 oblonga, A. DC. . 315 
 obtma, Steud. . . 306 
 pallida, Dyer . . 302 
 petiolaris, A. DC. . 315 
 reticulata, A. DC. .316 
 rigida, A. DC. . .315 
 rohusta, Steud. . . 306 
 Roxburghiana, Bl. . 302 
 scabriuscula, A. DG. 303 
 Bcaphula, Dyer . . 301 
 Thwaitesii, A. DC. . 314 
 Tumbuggaia, W.& A. 306 
 Wighti'i, A. DC. . . 314 
 Velaga xylocarpa, 
 
 Gsertn 369 
 
 Vbntilaginej: . . . 630 
 Ventilago, Gitrtn. . 630 
 bombaiensis, Dalz. . 631 
 bractcata, Wall. . . 631 
 calyculata, Tidasne 631 
 denticulata, Willd. . 631 
 leiocarpa, Benth. . 631 
 macrantha, Tulasne 631 
 madraspatanaj 
 
 Benth 631 
 
 madraspatana, 
 
 Gcertn 631 
 
 madraspatana, Roxb. 631 
 Maingayi, Laws. . 631 
 silhetiana, Tulasne 631 
 Smithiana, Tulasne 631 
 sulphurea, Tulasne 631 
 
 Viola, Linn 182 
 
 apetala, Roxb. . .185 
 ospera, Ging. . .184 
 biflora, Linn. . .182 
 cwspitosa, Don . .183 
 canescens, Wall. . .184 
 canina, var., Linn. 185 
 chinensis, Don . .183 
 cinerea, Boiss. . .185 
 confusa, Benth. . .184 
 diffusa, Ging. . .183 
 distans, Wall. . .183 
 
 Page 
 
 dubia, Wall. ... 185 
 
 enneasperma, Roxb. 185 
 
 ereeta, Roth. . . . 185 
 
 Falooneri,^./. ct T. 185 
 
 frutescens. Roth. . 185 
 
 grandifolia. Wall. . 183 
 
 Griffithianck, Boiss. . 184 
 
 ? Hamiltoniana^ Dun 184 
 
 hirta, Linn. . . .184 
 
 Hookeri, Thorns. . 183 
 
 hunaioarensis, Royle 185 
 
 Metziana, Hohen. . 184 
 
 mysorensis, Wall. . 1S3 
 
 nilagirica, Turcz. . 184 
 
 Notoniana, Wall. . 184 
 
 odorata, Zm7i. . .184- 
 
 ? palmaris, BucL . . 184 
 
 Patrinii, DC. . . .183 
 
 pilosa, Bl. ... 184 
 
 ]yrimulifolia, Linn. . 183 
 
 reniformis. Wall. . 183 
 
 Royleana, Wall. . .184 
 
 serpens, Wall. . .184 
 
 serpens, WalL . .184 
 
 suffruticosa, Roxb. . 185 
 
 syl vatica, FriM . .185 
 
 tevnis, Benth. . .183 
 
 Walkerii, Wight . 183 
 
 Wall ichiana, Q'lng. . 183 
 
 Wightiana, Wall. . 184 
 
 Wightiana, Wt. Ic. . 184 
 
 ll77/i«iana, vars., 
 
 Thw 184 
 
 VlOLACE^ .... 182 
 
 Violet 182 
 
 Visenia concatenata, 
 
 Spr 374 
 
 corchorifolia, Spr. . 374 
 supina, Spr. . . . 374 
 tomentosa, Miq. . . 374 
 umbellata, Wight .374 
 
 Vismia ? arborescens, 
 
 Chois 258 
 
 Vitip, Liyin. . . . 645 
 adnata, Wall. . .649 
 anamallayana, Bedd. 656 
 angustifolia, TFaZZ. . 654 
 araneosus, Dalz. . 657 
 assamica. Laws. . 648 
 assimilis, Kurz. . .660 
 atroviridis, Wall. . 663 
 auriculata, Roxb. . 658 
 barbata, Wall. . . 651 
 bracteolata, Wall. . 654 
 campylocarpa, Kurz. 657 
 canarensis, Z)a?z. . 655 
 cantooiensis, Seem. . 663 
 capriolata, Don . . 659 
 
INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 739 
 
 Page 
 carnosa, Wall. . . 654 
 cinnamomea, Wall. . 659 
 cinnamomea, Wall. . 650 
 cinnamomea, var. , 
 
 Wall. . . . .659 
 compositifolia, Laws. 659 
 coralloides, H. f. . 659 
 cordifolia, Roth. . 651 
 ^stata. Wall. . . 647 
 "crenata, Wall. . . 654 
 diflfusa, Miq. . . .646 
 discolor, Bl. . . .647 
 discolor, Dalz. . . 647 
 divaricata, Wall. . 657 
 diversifolia, Wall. . 647 
 dubia, Laws. . .661 
 elegans, Kurz. . .659 
 elongata, Wall. . .658 
 erioclada, W. & A. . 651 
 erythroclada, Kurz. 663 
 furcata, Laws. . .646 
 Gardneii, Thw. . . 656 
 gigantea, Bedd. . .648 
 glaberrima, Wall. . 646 
 glaherrima, Wall. . 645 
 glabrata, Heyne . .652 
 glandulosa, Wall. . 652 
 glauca, W. tfc A. . 648 
 glauca, Wall. . . 646 
 glyptocarpa, Thw. . 645 
 gracilis, Wall. . .653 
 hederacea,\YaXl. 657, 659 
 Helferi, Laws. . . 662 
 heterophT/Ua, Wall. . 653 
 ffeyneana, DC. . .651 
 Heyneana, Wall. . 647 
 himalayana, Brand. 655 
 Hookeri, Latcs. . . 661 
 incequalis, Wall. . 647 
 indica, Linn. . . 653 
 indica, Hb. Ham. . 651 
 indica, Thw. . . . 651 
 indica, Wall. . . 652 
 Kleineii, Wall. 648, 652 
 Labrusca, Linn., var. y, 
 
 Kegel .... 651 
 Iceta, Wall. ... 648 
 lanata, Hb. Roxb. . 651 
 lanata, Roxb. . .651 
 lanata, Wall. . . 650 
 lanceolaria, Roxb. . 660 
 lanceolaria, Wall. . 661 
 lanceolaria, Wight . 661 
 latifolia, Hb. Ham. 651 
 latifolia, Roxb. . .652 
 Linuaei, Wall. . .649 
 lonchiphylla, Thw. . 646 
 macrostachys, Miq. . 650 
 
 Page 
 mollis, Wall. . . 660 
 moUissima, WcUl. . 65Q 
 montana, Laws. . . 652 
 muricata, W. & A. . 660 
 neilfjherrensis, Wight 656 
 nervosa, Laws. . .650 
 nitida, Laws. . . 662 
 novemfolia. Wall. . 662 
 obovata. Laws. . .658 
 obtecta, Wall. . . 657 
 pallida, W. <Ss A. . 647 
 paniculata, Hb. 
 
 Heyne .... 660 
 paniculata, Wall. . 649 
 parvifolia, Roxb. . 652 
 pedata, Vahl . . .661 
 pedicellata, Laws. . 650 
 peduncularis, Wall. 655 
 pentagona, Roxb. . 646 
 pentagona, Hb.Ham. 651 
 planicaulis, H. f. . 658 
 polystachya. Wall. . 662 
 polystachya, Wall. . 662 
 pterisanlha, Miq. . 664 
 
 ? Purani, Don . .652 
 quadrangularis, PFoZZ. 645 
 repanda, IF. tfe 4. .648 
 repens, Lamk. . .647 
 rei^ens, Wall. . . .649 
 repens, W. <i: A . . 646 
 reticulata, Thio. . .655 
 Rheedei, W.ii;A. . 653 
 rosea, Royle . . .648 
 Roxburghii, W. db A. 655 
 rubifolia, Wall. . . 663 
 rugosa, H. f. & T. . 650 
 rugosa. Wall. 651, 653 
 rumicisperma, Laws. 661 
 sagittifolia, Laws. . 645 
 semicordata, Wall. . 656 
 serratifolia,W . & A. 660 
 serrulata. Wall. . .659 
 setosa, IFaZZ. . .654 
 sikkimensis. Laws, . 650 
 spectabilis, A'wrz. . 649 
 sulcata, Laws. . . 661 
 
 • tenuifolia, W. ds A. 660 
 ternata, Heyne . .650 
 Thomsoni, Laws. . 657 
 tomentosa, Ucyne . 650 
 trichophora, Wall, . 663 
 trifida, Both. . . 650 
 trifolia, Linn. . . 654 
 triloba, Heyne . . 650 
 trnncata, Miq. . . 652 
 tuberculata, Bl. . . Q5Q 
 tuberculata, Wall. . 661 
 vinifera, Linn. . . 652 
 
 Page 
 vulpina, Linn., var. y., 
 
 Regel .... 652 
 
 Wallichii, DC. . . 652 
 
 Wallichii, Kurz. . 647 
 
 zeylanica, Russ. . .652 
 
 Vittmannia elliptica, 
 
 Vahl. .... 519 
 lucida, Steud. . .519 
 
 Wahlenbergia, Br. . 670 
 
 IFa^^crct serrato, Willd. 525 
 Wallichia spectabilis, 
 
 DC 371 
 
 Walsura, i?oa:ri. . . 663 
 
 Gardneri, Thw. . . 663 
 
 hypoleuca, Kurz. . 564i 
 
 ? lanceolata, Wall. . 555 
 
 neurodes, Hiem . 664 
 
 piscidia, Roxb. . . 564 
 
 pubescens, Kurz. . 565 
 
 robusta, Roxb. . . 565 
 
 ternata, Roxb. . . 563 
 
 trichostemon, Miq. . 563 
 
 tubulata, Hiem . 563 
 
 villosa, IFaZZ. 563, 564 
 
 Waltheria, Linn. . . 374 
 
 americana, Linn. . 374 
 elliptica, Cav. . .374 
 
 indica, Linn. . . 374 
 
 WiNTEREiBS .... 39 
 
 Wissadula, Medik. . 325 
 Leschenaultiana, jTfs^ 325 
 
 periplocifolia, Thw. 325 
 
 rostrata, Planch. . 325 
 
 zeylanica, Medik. . 325 
 
 Wormia, Rottb. . . 35 
 
 bracteata, H. f. & T. 37 
 
 dentata, DC. . . . 35 
 
 excelsa, H. f. & T. . 35 
 
 hamata, Vahl . . 299 
 
 integra, H. f. & T. . 37 
 
 nblonga, Wall. . . 35 
 
 pulchella, Jack . . 36 
 
 subsessilis, Miq. . . 35 
 
 suffruticosa, Orif. . 35 
 
 triquetra, Rottb. . 35 
 
 Xanthochymus ovali- 
 
 folius, Roxb. . .269 
 ovaUfolius, ? Bedd. 269 
 pictorius, Roxb. . 269 
 tinctorius, DC. . . 269 
 spicatus, W. & A. .269 
 
 Xanthophyllum, Roxb. 208 
 affine, Korth. . . 209 
 angustifolium,'^ight 209 
 4?*no«/a??uwi,Wight 209 
 ellipticum, Korth. . 211 
 
"40 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 
 
 Page 
 flavescens, Roo^h. . 209 
 flavescens, Wall. . . 209 
 glaucum, Wall. . . 209 
 Griffithii, ff.f. . .210 
 insigne, A. W. Benn. 211 
 Maingayi, //./ . , 210 
 obscurum,^. TF.5f7m.211 
 paniculatum, Miq. . 209 
 Jioxburghianum,y^t. 209 
 rufum, A. W- Benn. 210 
 stipitatum, A . W. 
 
 Benn 210 
 
 undulatum, "Wight . 209 
 virens, Roxb. . . 209 
 
 Xanthoxylon, see Zan- 
 thoxylum 
 
 Xerospermum, Bl. . 686 
 Noronliianum, Bl. . 686 
 
 Xiraenia, Linn. . . 574 
 CCr;ypfiiica, Juss. . 674 
 cvf/i/jitiaca, Roxb. . 522 
 americana, W'dld. . 674 
 ? lanccolata, DC. . 498 
 ^ 6lacoid€S,W . &. A. 
 
 573, 584 
 Jiusselliana, "Wall. • 574 
 
 Xylocarpus ? Anlila, 
 
 Hb. Ham. . . .568 
 Granntum, Kopn. . 567 
 molucrcnitin, Roem. . 667 
 obovatus, A. Juss. . 667 
 
 Xylopia, Linn. ... 82 
 caudata, U. f. <S: T. 85 
 Chaiiipionii, N. f. <fc T. 84 
 dicarpa, //./. tO r. 85 
 elliptica, Mainrj. . 86 
 ferruginea,^./. cOr. 83 
 fusca, Maing. . . 83 
 maq-na, Maing. . . 84 
 Maingayi, ^. /.cO r. 85 
 malayana, //./. (f- 7'. 83 
 niojrieahs, //. /. & T. 84 
 obtusifolia, //./. tO 7*. 83 
 oxyantha, Zr./. <0r. 83 
 parvifolia, //./. <t T. 84 
 pustiilata, ^. /. d: T. 85 
 
 Xtlopie^ . • . . 46 
 
 Xylosma, Forst. . .194 
 controversum, Clos. 194 
 latifoliuni, //./. cfcT'. 194 
 longifolium, Clos. . 194 
 
 Z\NTHOXYLE.B . . . 484 
 
 Zanthoxylum, Linn. . 492 
 acanthopodium, DC. 493 
 alatum, Roxb. . . 493 
 alatum, Wall. . .493 
 
 Pape 
 annatum, Roxb. . 496 
 ?5rtjar7«fnf/ia,Wan. 496 
 Budrunga, TFoZ/. . 495 
 1 co7inaroides,\i^.kk. 496 
 crenatiim, Wall. . . 495 
 cuspidatum, Charap. 494 
 ? Fivlaysoniaiium, 
 
 Wall 496 
 
 Jloribundum, Wall. . 497 
 Hamiltonianum, Wall.idi 
 hostile. Wall." . . .493 
 khasianum, II. f. . 45 4 
 Lamarclianumf 
 
 Cham 488 
 
 '(longifolium, Y^a\\. 496 
 iMm/wm, Wall. . . 492 
 Mnranibong, Miq. . 488 
 myriacanthum, Wall. 496 
 nilagiricum, Miq. . 487 
 niddum, Wall. . . 497 
 oblongnm, Wall. . 495 
 obtiisi folium, Poir. . 496 
 ovalifolium, !!%/*< . 492 
 oxyphyllum, IJdgio. 494 
 planispinum, S. &Z. 493 
 pteltnfolium, Cham. 488 
 Rhetsa, DC. . . .495 
 rhvi folium, Lamk. . 496 
 Ro:cburgh ianiLm, \ 
 
 Cham 487 
 
 RumpJtianum,, Cham. 489 
 sapindifolium.W ail. 496 
 sepiarium, Wight . 493 
 Serra, Turcz. , 286, 496 
 aorbifulium, St. Hil. 496 
 8po7idia:folium,\^iiU. 496 
 tetraspermum, ir.ctvl.494 
 ? Timbor, Wall. . .493 
 tomentelluin, //./. . 493 
 triHorum, Turcz. . 496 
 triplnjllum, Wight . 487 
 violaceum. Wall. . 494 
 zeylanicum, DC. . 487 
 ZizYPHE.*: .... 630 
 Zizyphus, Juss. . . . 632 
 acuminata, Royle . 634 
 albens, Roxb. . . 634 
 apetala, H. f . . 635 
 Bacju'hia, Wall. . 637 
 Bhuuder, Royle 636, 637 
 ? Burrcm, Ham. . 636 
 calopbylla, Wall. . 636 
 caracuita, Roxb. . 634 
 cdtidifolia, DC. . 634 
 cuncata, Wall. . . 634 
 ? elegans, Wall. . . 637 
 elliptica, Roxb. . . 634 
 
 Page 
 ferriiginea, Heyne , 634 
 flavescens, Wall. . . 637 
 flexuosa, Wall. . . 633 
 florihunda, Wall. . 637 
 funiculosa, Ilam. . 636 
 glabra, Roxb. . \. 636 
 glabrata, Htyne . . 633 
 globularis, WdU. . 637 
 hamosa, Wall. . . 641 
 horrida, Roth. . . 6^6 
 Ilorsfieldii, Miq. . 637 
 incur va, Roxb. . .635 
 Jnjuba, Lamk, . .632 
 latifolia, Roxb. . . 636 
 Liunaei, Laws. . . 635 
 LotuB, Lamk. . 633, 637 
 lucida. Moon. . .635 
 m,auritiana,E.h.E.Am. 632 
 microphylla, Roxb. 633 
 Napeca, Linn. . .635 
 Napeca, Willd. . . 635 
 Napeca, Roxb. . .634 
 7»7jV/a, Roxb. . 633, 637 
 nummularia, T^^tt^l. 633 
 obliqua, Heyne . . Q?tQ 
 CEnoplia, Mill . . 634 
 opposififolia, Wall. 641 
 orbicularis, Schult . 634 
 oxyphylla, Edgw. . 634 
 7)aZ/aJ«, Wall, . . 634 
 paniculata, Roth. . 636 
 pcdicellata, \Vall. . 684 
 rofundijolia, Lamk. 633 
 rotundifolia, Roth. 634 
 rvfida, Miq. . . . 634 
 rugosa, Lamk. . . 636 
 ruminata. Ham. . 634 
 sativa, Gaertn. . . 633 
 scandens, Roxb. . 634 
 ? sinensis, Lamk. . 633 
 Sororia, Schult. . . 632 
 Spina-chriMi, Linn. 637 
 ? tomentosa, Roxb. . 636 
 trinervia, Roxb. . 633 
 trinervius. Roth. . 632 
 trinervius, (3. Roth. 633 
 1 venulosa, Wall.. * . 636 
 vulgaris, Lamk. . . 633 
 wynadensis, Bedd. . 633 
 xylopyrus, Willd. . 634 
 Zollingeria, Kurz . . 692 
 macrocarpa, Kurz . 692 
 Zyqophtllejb . . . 422 
 Zygophyllum, Linn. . 424 
 coccineum, Linn. . 425 
 ? connaroides, W. & A 565 
 simplex, Linn. . . 424 
 
 END OF VOL. I 
 
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